Honyaku Star - Search: 自ら

自ら: 2000 Terms and Phrases

自ら
naturally
as a matter of course
for one's self
personally
oneself

自らの手で
with one's own hands

自ら進んで
on one's own initiative
off your own bat
of one's own accord

本人自らの
personal

自ら課した
self-imposed

自ら作った
self-produced

自らたのむ
self-reliant

自ら称する
speak for oneself

自ら招いた
self-induced

汝自らを知れ
Know thyself

自らの意志で
of one's own volition

自らを有する
have with oneself

自ら主張した
self-proclaimed

自ら災いを招く
ask for it
make a rod for one's own back
shoot oneself in the foot

自ら失敗を招く
defeat one's own purpose

自らを傷つける
stab onelself in the foot

自ら種類をなす
sui generis

自らを心配する
concern oneself

自らを守る行為
the act of defending yourself

自ら災難を招く
ask for trouble

自らの中に盛込む
incorporate within oneself

自ら課した苦しみ
self-imposed distress

自ら認めた殺人者
a confessed murderer

自ら積極的に関わる
hands-on

自らの意思によって
of one's own accord

自ら呼び寄せるもの
open invitation

自らの墓穴を掘る。
He is digging his own grave.

彼の自ら認めた疑問
his admitted doubts

自ら営業を行うこと。
engage in his/her own enterprise;

自ら行う宗教上の行為
Individual Religious Acts

彼がXを自ら認めた。
He admitted X by himself.

天皇自ら親祭する日。
On the major ritual days the Emperor himself performs the rites.

蛇足軒と自ら号した。
He called himself Jasokuken

彼は自分自ら辞めた。
He did so of his own accord.

自らスパイと認める。
Confess himself to be a spy.

天は自ら助くる者を助く
Heaven helps those who help themselves

自らあえて危険をおかす
stick one's neck out

片方は王さま自らです。
one of them the King himself.

天は自ら助くるものを助く
Heaven helps those who help themselves

本人が自らその場所にいて
in person

彼が腰を自ら前後に振る。
He rocks his hips back and forth.

自ら初代頭取に就任した。
He became the first President of the bank.

自ら労働者の募集を行う者
A person who recruits workers by himself/herself

彼は自らそこへ出かけた。
He went there in person.

彼女は自らの命を絶った。
She took her own life.

彼らは自ら困難を招いた。
They brought trouble on themselves.

神は自ら助くる者を助く。
God helps those who help themselves.

自らが閉鎖的なユダヤ世界
a self-enclosed Jewish cosmos

知事自らテレビに出演した。
The governor appeared on TV in person.

自らの義務を果たすべきだ。
You should carry out your duty.

自ら何かを考えるようにする
cause oneself to consider something

自ら働ける人が人の上に立つ。
Those who can work on their own initiative are leaders.

四には諸法は各の自ら因有り。
4. All the universe has its own primary cause.

五には諸法は各の自ら縁有り。
5. All the universe has its own secondary cause.

六には諸法は各の自ら果有り。
6. All the universe has its own effect.

七には諸法は各の自ら性有り。
7. All the universe has its own nature.

家康が自ら考案したという説。
It was invented by Ieyasu himself.

彼は自ら野心の犠牲になった。
He fell victim to his own ambition.

大統領自ら我々に話しかけた。
The President himself addressed us.

（自らを）どこかへ向かわせる
direct (oneself) somewhere

自らに課した囲いまたは制限の
of self-imposed enclosure or confinement

上方勢は秀吉自ら指揮する十万。
The army of Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) was 100,000 soldiers led by Hideyoshi himself.

彼は自らの野心の犠牲になった。
He fell a victim to his own ambition.

自らの失敗をくよくよ悲しんだ。
He grieved over his failures.

州知事がテレビに自ら出演した。
The governor appeared on TV in person.

夢は夢自らの意志を持つて居る。
They have their own will,

大陪審が自ら犯罪を告発すること
an accusation of crime made by a grand jury on its own initiative

桃李物言わざれども下自ら蹊を成す
Good wine speaks for itself

光照自らも度々軍隊慰問を行った。
Also Kosho made often his personal visits to military units to comfort soldiers.

彼女は自らの来し方を語り始める。
She started to talk about her past.

自ら願い出て須磨追放に帯同した。
When Genji withdrew to Suma, he requested to accompany him.

また山陽の義妹を自らの妻とした。
He took Sanyo's sister-in-law as his wife.

彼は自ら野心の事業に織り出した。
He fell a victim to his own ambition.

彼は自らの強欲に負けてしまった。
He let his greed get the better of him.

それは彼が自ら選んだ職業である。
It is the job of his own choosing.

働く人たちが自ら所有する商業事業
a commercial enterprise owned by the people who work for it

各自が研究テーマを自ら設定します。
Each person set their own research theme themselves.

和尚自らの説法が観光客に大変好評。
His sermons are highly popular with tourists.

助言を与え、自ら私案も立てている。
He advised the mayor and suggested his own private ideas.

同年譲位し、自らは天皇を後見した。
In the same year, she abdicated the throne and started to act as a guardian of the emperor.

のちには自ら茶道有楽流を創始した。
He later founded the Uraku School of the tea ceremony.

その現象から自ら抜け出そうとする。
It means trying to escape from such a phenomenon.

彼は自らを日本のエジソンと称した。
He called himself an Edison of Japan.

日本は自らの経済成長を発展させた。
Japan has developed her economic growth.

人に説教することを自らも実行せよ。
Practice what you preach.

女は自らの成功を幸運のせいにした。
She attributed her success to luck.

王様は明日の晩自らお出ましになる。
The king will appear in person tomorrow evening.

「ではわらわが自らやるしかないな」
`I must do it myself, then,'

ただ主のご栄光に自らを委ねなさい。
and commit thyself unto His faithfulness,

彼が自ら２か所の畑で野菜を栽培する。
He grows vegetables himself in the two different fields.

箱には鍵が掛けられ将軍自ら検分した。
The box was locked and Shogun himself checked the letters inside.

晴賢自らの手で江良房栄を暗殺させた。
He made Harutaka personally assassinate Fusahide ERA.

晩年は自らの功績を努めて隠していた。
He tried to hide his accomplishments from the war in his later years.

自らの印譜に『南涯印譜』2巻がある。
His own Inpu (compilation of seal marks) include two volumes of 'Nangai Inpu.'

７歳の時、すでに自ら弓と矢を作った。
By the age of seven he had already made his own bow and arrows.

神は自らにかたどって人を創造された。
God created man in his own image.

彼は自ら記者たちに向かって発言した。
He addressed himself to the reporters.

彼女は自らの成功を幸運のせいにした。
She attributed her success to luck.

それが重要かどうかは、自らが決める。
Oneself decides whether it is important.

と、その時、農場主自らが入って来た。
At that moment the master himself entered,

われわれには自らを貶める原因がある。
Good cause have we therefore to humble ourselves,

彼女が自ら語るだろうと思ったからだ。
for he felt that she would tell him of herself.

日光の下で自らを花で飾り、踊り、歌う
To adorn themselves with flowers, to dance, to sing in the sunlight:

自らの目的を失敗させるために行動する
acting to defeat its own purpose

彼は彼の振舞いで自ら災難を招いている
He is asking for trouble with his behavior

そこで自ら高氏を称し、号を遊外とする。
At that point he took Takauji as his given name, and Yugai as his sobriquet.

鬼若は自ら剃髪して武蔵坊弁慶と名乗る。
He shaved his hair to become a priest and named himself Musashibo Benkei.

大いに感銘を受けて自らの不覚を愧じた。
He was very impressed and ashamed of his mistake.

現在では大祓の際に参拝者自らが唱える。
Today, the word of purification is chanted by visitors to shrines at oharae.

人間は自らを守るために住居を考案した。
People devised shelters in order to protect themselves.

私達は、自らの問題について話し合った。
We talked over our problems.

君自らが会議に出席すべきであったのだ。
You should have attended the meeting in person.

自らが特定の病状か場所にいると知覚する
perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place

まるで無理矢理かのように自らを突っ込む
thrust oneself in as if by force

董其昌は自らをこの系譜の上においている。
Dong Qichang placed himself in this lineage.

天皇自らが礼拝し、掌典長が祭典を行う日。
On the minor ritual days the emperor himself performs the obeisances and the Shotencho (Head Officiant) performs the rites.

入内に当たっては院自ら世話をしたという。
The Emperor himself helped her enter the court.

義尚自らも出陣したが、膠着状態となった。
Yoshihisa himself also went to the front, but the war bemace deadlocked.

倭王武は自らを東夷であると認識している。
This indicates that Waobu recognized himself as an eastern barbarian.

そこで、幹部としての責任を感じ自ら切腹。
He felt responsible for it as an executive member and then attempted to commit seppuku.

結果的に自ら鎌倉入りの可能性を閉ざした。
Consequently, he lost the opportunity to enter Kamakura.

彼はその知らせに自ら動揺するのを覚えた。
He felt himself shaken at the news.

彼らは間違ったことに対して自らを責めた。
They blamed themselves for being wrong.

教師は自らの権威を頼みとしてはならない。
Teachers shouldn't fall back on their authority.

大統領自ら我々を執務室に案内してくれた。
The president conducted us personally to his office.

まいた種は自ら刈り取らなければならない。
You must reap what you have sown.

「お前たちの災難は、自らが招いたものだ。
'You have only to thank yourselves for the misfortunes to which you are exposed:

そこで自分は自ら声高く其語を繰り返した。
I therefore repeated the words aloud myself,

お金または他の利益のために自らを妥協する
compromise oneself for money or other gains

他のものを犠牲にして自らを昇進させる方針
a policy of promoting oneself at the expense of others

自らが開宗する意志は無かったと考えられる。
He doesn't seem to have intended to establish his own sect.

後に、豊臣秀吉に自ら頼み込んで家臣となる。
Later, he applied directly to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to become his vassal.

元就はこのように自らの理想の高さを示した。
He held such a high ideal as this.

当初、勝頼は景虎を支援して自らも出陣した。
At the beginning, Katsuyori himself joined the force to support Kagetora.

自らの手で薬品の調合をし、写真を撮影する。
He compounded chemicals by himself and took photographs.

挿絵とともに本文も自ら手掛けることとなる。
He ended up not only painting illustrations but also writing the text.

この石を運ぶ作業の指揮は信長自らが行った。
Nobunaga took personal charge of the operation of carrying the stone.

彼はその知らせに自らが動揺するのを覚えた。
He felt himself shaken at the news.

しかし、主人公は自らの誤りに気づいている。
However the protagonist is aware of his own mistakes.

しばしば、彼女は自ら赴かねばならなかった。
More often than not, she had to go in person.

過度にその人の強さを出して（自ら）、越える
exert (oneself) excessively and go beyond one's strength

自らで、何かまたは誰かをどこかへ連れて行く
take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

自ら開設する取引所金融商品市場への上場の承認
Approval of Financial Instruments Exchange's Listing on Financial Instruments Exchange Market Established by Itself

申請者が自ら市長に暗証番号の登録を申請する。
The applicants themselves apply for a PIN registration from the mayor.

家康は、江戸城西の丸を自らの隠居場所とした。
He used the nishinomaru of Edo-jo Castle as his retreat.

地紙に真言が刷り込まれ、寺僧が自ら製作する。
The Uchiwa fans with a Mantra printed on the basal paper are made by the Buddhist monks.

広甫は、自ら不濁斎広甫と名乗るようになった。
Koho came to call himself Koho FUSHOKUSAI.

絵画作者自らが賛を書くことを自画自賛という。
The act of the painter himself writing san is called 'jiga-jisan' (praising his own painting, self-praise).

9月1日、景虎は自ら兵を率いて北信濃へ出陣。
On October 7, Kagetora advanced to the northern Shinano area, leading his forces by himself.

翌日には蘇我蝦夷が自らの邸宅に火を放ち自殺。
The next day, SOGA no Emishi set fire to his house and killed himself.

後白河は自らの政治基盤の強化を意図していた。
Goshirakawa endeavored to strengthen his political foundation.

また自らは盛子の後見となった（『愚管抄』）。
He also acted as a guardian for Seishi ('Gukansho' (Jottings of a Fool)).

議長は自らの見解を非公式に述べるだけだろう。
The chairman would only make her comments off the record.

むしろ自らの勇気と思慮の恵みを恃んだのです。
--but rather the benefits of their own valour and prudence,

有機体が有害な環境要因に対して自らを守る能力
the capacity of an organism to defend itself against harmful environmental agents

自らは参加しない主要国によって扇動された戦争
a war instigated by a major power that does not itself participate

他人からの推薦なしに、自ら示し、宣言するさま
proclaimed to be or described as such by oneself, without endorsement by others

大公の妻、あるいは自らが大公の地位を持つ女性
the wife of a grand duke or a woman holding that rank in her own right

自らの計らいによる善悪は、救済の条件ではない。
The good and evil deeds they do are not conditions for salvation.

千歳飴には、親が自らの子の長寿の願いを込める。
When eating chitoseame, there is an accompanying prayer said by parents for the longevity of their children.

テーブルに置かれた油が入った鍋で自らが揚げる。
A pot with oil in it is set on the table and customers are supposed to cook kushikatsu themselves.

これはかつて自らの笠を的にしていたためである。
This is because in the past individuals' conical ('Kasa') reed hats were used as a targets.

そして、東京で自ら茶道の指導を行うようになる。
He then began to give instructions in tea ceremony himself in Tokyo.

本作の冒頭で自らを狂言回しであると語っている。
He calls himself a kyogen-mawashi at the start of the story.

自らは右大臣になることを望んでいたともされる。
It is said Yoshio wanted to become the Udaijin (minister of the right), by bringing down MINAMOTO no Makoto.

朱子学を盛んにし自らの権力安定と根拠をにする。
Ieyasu put his efforts into Neo-Confucianism to stabilize his power.

長政は自ら爾餘の兵2000人を率いて本隊たり。
Nagamasa personally led the remaining 2,000 troops.

その後新見錦切腹、芹沢鴨などを自らの手で暗殺。
Subsequently, Nishiki NIMI committed hara-kiri, and Toshizo directly assassinated Kamo SERIZAWA and some others.

義朝は涙ながらに自らの手で我が子を刺し殺した。
With tears in his eyes, Yoshitomo stabbed his son to death.

西南戦争のころには近藤真琴は自ら教授していた。
At around the period of the Seinan War, Kondo MAKOTO himself was teaching.

自ら毘沙門天の転生であると信じていたとされる。
It is considered that Kenshin believed that he was a reincarnation of Bishamonten (Vaisravana, guardian god of Buddhism).

自らは留守家広の女を娶って、3男2女を儲けた。
He married a daughter of Iehiro RUSU and had three sons and two daughters.

自らも池大雅、上田秋成、売茶翁らの文人と交際。
He associated with literati such as IKE no Taiga, Akinari UEDA, and Baisao.

皇居内の御田では天皇自らが田植と稲刈りを行う。
The Emperor himself plants and harvests rice at Onda inside Imperial Palace.

私は自ら進んでそんなことを言ったわけではない。
I didn't say such a thing of my own will.

アタシは自らの過ちのせいで自分を憎んでいます。
I hate myself for my own error.

自ら志願した人たちが障害者の為に寄付を集めた。
Volunteers collected donations for the benefit of the handicapped.

自らがアップロードした存在するファイルの上書き
Overwrite existing files uploaded by oneself

ヘビは自らその車輪に頭を突っ込んでこう言った。
and went and purposely placed his head under the wheels, saying,

事務局長は自らの権限で内部監査業務を設立する。
The Director-General shall establish an Internal Audit Service under his own authority.

宗家と分家は自ら家の後継者を育成する権限を持つ。
Soke and bunke (branch family) have the right to train their own successors.

「侍、待ちやがれ」　その人物が編み笠を自ら取る。
Wait, samurai!,' then, the samurai takes off his wicker hat.

また自らも刃紋を入れそれに十六弁の菊紋を入れた。
He himself made a hamon and applied the kikumon with 16 petals.

- 中大兄皇子が自らの入部と屯倉を天皇に献じた。
- Naka no Oe no Oji dedicated his own iribe and miyake (empire-controlled territory) to the Emperor.

ただしこの仮御所の存在は、自らの為との説もある。
However, there is a theory that says the makeshift palace was for himself.

この内、自ら力を蓄え自立した者を戦国大名という。
Those who developed power and became independent are called sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku Period).

有明の男児を再び産むが、今回は自らも世話をする。
She gives birth to another son by Dawn Moon, but this time she looks after him herself.

自ら能を舞い、それを人に見せることを好んだこと。
Performing Noh plays himself and being happy to show his performance to others.

自らが開いた鎌倉山ノ内の瑞鹿山円覚寺に葬られた。
He was buried at Engaku-ji Temple on Mt. Zuiroku, which he had established in Yamanouchi, Kamakura.

自ら七輪を用いて、料理をすることもあったという。
He also often cooked using a shichirin (earthen charcoal brazier).

新規に開拓した自らの荘園にも河内の名を冠らせた。
He gave the name Kawachi to his newly exploited manors.

3年後、自ら生計を立てるべく本郷に稽古場を開く。
Three years later, he opened a training room in Hongo to make a living for himself.

姉小路自ら京都に赴き、降嫁を要求した事もあった。
There was even an occasion when Anegakoji went all the way to Kyoto in order to request for the rank-down marriage.

結婚式は自らが設計した明治学院の礼拝堂で挙げた。
Their wedding ceremony was held at the Meiji Gakuin Chapel designed by Vories.

墓は、自らが開基した群馬県太田市の円福寺にある。
His grave is located in Enpuku-ji Temple that he himself founded in Ota City, Gunma Prefecture.

5~6歳の頃には自ら道真の絵を描いていたという。
It is said that when he was around five to six years old, he drew a picture of Michizane on his own.

汝自身に真実であれ、汝自ら他人に偽りなきごとく。
Be so true to thy self, as thou be not false to others.

患者はただ自らの病気に屈して死ぬことがよくある。
Patients often die simply because they yield to their diseases.

「自分の部屋で自らの罪のために嘆き悲しみなさい」
Commune with your own heart in your own chamber and be still.(1)

彼は下世話な比喩の力を借り、自ら励まし、続けた。
He uttered the metaphor with a certain homely energy and, encouraged by his own voice, proceeded:

ほどなく、ヴェロナを治める公爵が自らやってきた。
and soon after arrived the prince himself,

「ご主人が自ら領事館に出頭しなければなりません。
'But he must go to the consul's in person,

性的欲求のためにむちを打たれたり自らむちを打つ人
a person who is whipped or whips himself for sexual gratification

自らのために社会システムの破壊を推進する革命主義
a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake

自らの後継者を巡る家中の内紛で殺害されたのである。
He was assassinated by members of his own family over who would be chosen as his successor.

伊藤に木戸との会談の斡旋を依頼、自ら大阪へ向かう。
He asked Ito to set up a meeting with Kido and went to Osaka by himself.

「武士の大刀は敵の為に、小刀は自らのためにある。」
Samurai's long sword is for enemies and his short sword is for himself.'

寛文年間以降は藩自らが主動した新田開発も行われた。
After the Kanbun eras, the domain itself initiated and conducted the development of new rice fields.

自らの後継者候補となった徳川慶喜とも不仲であった。
Iesada even had a discordant relationship with Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA who would become his own chosen successor candidate.

馬子は自らの病が癒えず、再び仏法の許可を奏上した。
Umako was not getting any better and asked for permission to practice Buddhism once again.

党解党後は自ら公明党および公明党へ行くことを決意。
When the New Frontier Party was dissolved, she chose to change her political affiliation to the New Heiwa Party, and then to the New Komeito Party.

私には君が自ら危険を冒そうとしているように見える。
I assume you are willing to take the risk.

しかし、なお彼は彼女を自ら愛そうとは考えなかった。
And yet he had never intended to love her.

国民が自らに対して暴政をふるう恐れなどないのです。
There was no fear of its tyrannizing over itself.

「陛下がご自身の事件を自らの口から語るのであれば、
'If your Majesty would condescend to state your case,'

その車は、自らの勢いのために道路から外れてしまった
the car's momentum carried it off the road

当事者が訴訟において引用した文書を自ら所持するとき。
Where a party personally possesses the document that he/she has cited in the suit.

「善人」を、自らを「善人」であると思う者と定義する。
Good people' are defined as those who think of themselves as 'good.'

その意味で他力とは自ら以外の他者の働きのことを言う。
In this sense Tariki (Other Power) means the work done by others, but not by oneself.

中には敦明親王のように自ら廃太子を願い出た例もある。
In some cases, the crown prince voluntarily chose to relinquish the title of the crown prince, as in the case of the Imperial Prince Atsuakira.

また、自らも官営工房として装飾品などを製造していた。
It also manufactured decorative items as a government-run craft center.

清盛は後白河院政を停止して、自らの政権を打ち立てた。
Kiyomori put an end to the cloister government and established his own government.

また、光明皇后自ら病人の看護を行ったとの伝説も残る。
According to a legend, Empress Komyo nursed sick people by herself.

『平治物語』で源義経が自ら元服した地として知られる。
In the 'Heiji Monogatari' (Tale of the Heiji), it is known as the place where MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune personally performed the ceremony celebrating his attainment of manhood.

第2期 - 上皇自らにより歌の吟味、選別をした時期。
The second term - a period in which the Retired Emperor himself closely examined and selected poems.

平安京遷都の建設に進言し自ら造営大夫として尽力した。
He made an recommendation on the transfer of the capital and the construction of Heiankyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto), and he himself made efforts to promote the project as Zoei no daibu (chief of the civil engineering work).

遙任をしていた義綱は自ら下向する前に郎党を派遣した。
Yoshitsuna, yonin (remote appointments) of provincial governor, personally dispatched retainers before leaving the capital.

さらに、秀久自らは諸将の軍を差し置いて小倉城に撤退。
In addition, Hidehisa retreated to Kokura-jo Castle, leaving other warlords behind.

- 初代尾上松助の俳名であり後に自らの名乗っている。
Haimyo (also known as Haimei) (the term originally refers to a pen name as a haiku poet, but it also refers to a kabuki actor's offstage name which can be used officially and privately) of Matsusuke ONOE the first, and Matsusuke himself started to use this name as a professional name.

諸桑神社は自らの産土神であり、尾張国海東郡にあった。
Morokuwa-jinja Shrine was his ubusunagami (guardian deity of his birthplace) and located in Kaito District, Owari Province.

父はいつも天は自らを助くる物を助くと言っていました。
My father always said that heaven helps those who help themselves.

善行の報いはその中にあり徳はそれ自らが報いである。
Virtue is its own reward.

単純な有機物から自らの食物を合成することのできる植物
plant capable of synthesizing its own food from simple organic substances

誰も法的に自らを無能者として申し立てることはできない
nobody is legally allowed to stultify himself

次条の規定により、又は自ら食品健康影響評価を行うこと。
to conduct an Assessment of the Effects of Food on Health in accordance with the provisions of the following article or at its direction.

和泉式部日記：和泉式部が自らの恋愛について綴った日記。
The Izumi Shikibu Diary: A diary in which she spoke of her own love affairs.

そうすることで、彼らは自らの権利行使の基礎を確保した。
With that contract, the people secured the basis for the execution of rights.

平盧の李師道・成徳の王承宗は自ら領地の一部を返還した。
Shidao LI of Pinglu and Chengzong WANG of Chengde gave back parts of their own territories.

こうして国衙は自らの支配域を領域化することに成功した。
Then, Kokuga succeeded to territorialized their own controlled territory.

自ら隊長となり、白川土佐藩邸を陸援隊の本拠地と定める。
He became the head of the Rikuentai and established its headquarters at the Shirakawa Tosa clan residence.

7月5日、藤原定家に自らが詠んだ和歌三十首の評を請う。
On August 13, he asked FUJIWARA no Teika to evaluate the 30 waka he composed.

種痘を広め、自らも幼少の頃に患った天然痘の予防に尽力。
He was committed to the prevention of smallpox, which he also suffered from in his childhood, by popularizing vaccination in various parts of Japan.

なお、自ら熊谷直実の24世と称しているが定かではない。
Although he claimed that he was the 24th generation descendant of Naozane KUMAGAI, it is uncertain.

彼は自らの生涯をインドでの病人の治療に捧げるつもりだ。
He intends to devote his life to curing the sick in India.

ぼくたちは自らの力を証明する機会を与えられているのだ。
We're being given a chance to prove ourselves, too.

自らに鞭打つことなしに悪徳に打ち勝つことはできない。
Unless thou put force upon thyself, thou wilt not conquer thy faults.

天は自ら助くる者を助く神は自らを助けるものを助ける。
The Lord helps those who help themselves.

書類や署名が本物であると、自らの署名によって証明する人
a person who attests to the genuineness of a document or signature by adding their own signature

障害者またはそうでないなら、自らを世話できない人の世話
care for someone who is disabled or is otherwise unable to care for themselves

アパラチア山脈の高い場所の窪地に小屋を彼は自ら建設した
he built himself a cabin in a hollow high up in the Appalachians

自らの父の七回忌には小さな肖像を刻み直指庵に納めている。
He carved a small graven image of his own father at the seventh anniversary of his father's death, and placed it at Jikishi-an Temple.

自らが、阿弥陀如来の本願を信じた上で、念仏し生きたこと。
The person should live and chant nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) by oneself while believing in the Original Vow of Amida Buddha (Amitabha Tathagata).

また信長の長男の織田信忠は自ら能を舞ったとの記録がある。
Moreover, there are records showing that Nobunaga's eldest son Nobutada ODA danced in a Noh drama.
Also, according to the records, Nobunaga's eldest son Nobutada ODA performed Noh by himself.

行政権は国務大臣の輔弼により天皇が自ら行うものとされた。
The executive power was to be on the Emperor with the support of the Minister of State.

自らも勢力を本国阿波国のみならず摂津国へ広げ力を蓄えた。
He himself extended his influence not only to Awa Province but also to Settsu Province and gathered his strength.

渡来系豪族が自らの出自を改変するのは8世紀以降であること
Influential migrant clans in ancient Japan only began voluntarily changing their places of origin from the eighth century.

そのため、民は自らを守るためゲリラ戦の技を磨いていった。
For the reason, people began to brush up technique for guerrilla warfare for self-defense.

将門は自らの正当性を国衙側に認めさせて豊田へ引き揚げた。
Masakado ensured that the Kokuga (provincial government office) recognized his victory and went back to Toyoda.

自らの責任で回答を京都へ持ち帰って検討することを約した。
Then, Saigo promised Katsu and Okubo that he would assume responsibility for delivery of their response to Kyoto for its due consideration.

やがて事が露見し、追い詰められた浮舟は自ら死を決意した。
The secret was revealed before long and Ukifune, who was driven into a corner, made up her mind to commit suicide.

序文の「天は自ら助くる者を助く」という言葉は有名である。
The opening sentence that reads, 'Heaven helps those who help themselves' is well-known.

また、戦いの合間に歳三は部下達に自ら酒を振舞って廻った。
Also, in between the fighting, Toshizo himself went around and offered his men a drink of sake.

生まれは裕福な青楼の娘であったが自ら望んで芸妓となった。
Her family was managing a thriving seiro (a bar and brothel of Yoshiwara red-light district), and she became a geigi herself.

松陰の「下田踏海」に際しては自ら積極的に協力を申し出る。
On Shoin's 'Shimoda tokai' (attempt to stow away on Perry's ship) he volunteered to help him.

みつなは綺麗好きだから、よく自ら進んで掃除をしています。
Mitsuna is very tidy so she often cleans up without being asked.

人間よ、自らを知れ、あらゆる知恵は汝自身に集中している。
Man, know thyself. All wisdom centers there.

我々は自らの文化を次の世代に伝えていかなくてはならない。
We have to transmit our culture to the next generation.

我々は自らの文化を次の世代に伝えていかなければならない。
We have to transmit our culture to the next generation.

そして大公自ら遺物を運び、自らケースに錠をかけたのです」
'The Duke carried the relic on his own person, and locked it up in the case with his own hands.'

その上、この規則は自殺的で、自らの根拠を切り崩すのです。
The rule, besides, is suicidal, and cuts away its own foundation.

君主は本人自らが進み出て、指揮官の義務を果すべきですし、
then the prince ought to go in person and perform the duty of captain;
then the prince ought to go in person and perform the duty of a captain;

その後自らが出家した得成寺や高崎大聖護国寺の住職となった。
Then he became the chief priest at Tokujoji Temple where he took the tonsure and Daijogokokuji Temple in Takasaki.

7代観世大夫観世宗節（元忠）が、種彦本を自ら書写したもの。
This was copied by Seventh dayu Sosetsu (Mototada) KANZE from Tanehikobon.

「現代に活きて居る吾等には自ら現代の書がなければならぬ」。
'We who live today should have our own modern calligraphy.'

もはやこれまでと抜刀した甲斐は安芸を斬るが自らも討たれる。
Kai, drawing his sword in despair, killed Aki, but was also killed in return.

強訴によって自らの要求を押し通そうとする状況さえ生まれた。
They even filed a direct petition to realize their requirements.

この周防国の知行に、異例のことながら、重源は自ら乗出した。
Extraordinarily, Chogen voluntarily started controlling Suo Province.

自らは大宰大弐であったため、重盛が代わりに遠江守となった。
Since Kiyomori was serving as a Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), Shigemori became the Govenor of Totomi Province on behalf of Kiyomori.

自ら注文してゾウを輸入し、長崎から江戸まで陸路で運ばせた。
He ordered the import of an elephant and had it brought by land from Nagasaki to Edo.

昭和11年、古希を迎えると自らの葬式代わりに寿筵を催した。
In 1936, he organized Jyuen (cerebration party of longevity) in his Koki (the cerebration of a person's 70th birthday) in substitution for his funeral in the future.

国周は自らも認めているほどの変わった性格をしていたという。
It is said that Kunichika had such a peculiar personality that even he was aware of it.

それに及び、自らの作家性を貫くため1950年、松竹を退社。
In response to this, and in order maintain his integrity as a screenwriter, he resigned from Shochiku in 1950.

同年、自ら脚本も書いた「囁きのジョー」で監督デビューする。
In the same year, he made his directorial debut with 'Sasayaki no Joe' (Whispering Joe) for which he also wrote the screenplay.

頼朝は義広とそれに与した武士の所領を自らの御家人に与える。
Yoritomo gave shoryo of Yoshihiro and samurai who followed Yoshihiro, to his own gokenin.

籠の内に塩の価に取りたる剣あり、自ら抜け出て彼の蛇を追ふ。
There was a basket containing a sword having the same value as the salt, and the sword came right out of basket by itself and chased his dragon.

空海は、自ら彫った虚空蔵菩薩像を本尊として安置したという。
It is believed that Kukai himself carved the statue of Kokuzo Bosatsu (Akasagarbha Bodhisattva) to enshrine it as the principle image.

京大生協の食堂はそのメニューの数が日本一と自ら謳っている。
University cafeterias, operated by Kyoto University CO-OP, say they have the largest number of menus in all universities in Japan.

ストライキをしていた労働者達は、自らストライキを中止した。
The strikers called off the strike of their own accord.

令嬢はなおも、愛情を（彼女が想うままに）自らに語り続けた。
and the lady continued her passionate discourse with herself (as she thought),

法廷で意図的に虚偽の証言をし、自らを偽証罪として有罪にする
knowingly tell an untruth in a legal court and render oneself guilty of perjury

しかし逍遥自身満足せず、結局彼自らが沙石案をもとに完成した。
However, Shoyo was not satisfied with it and completed the final version by himself on the basis of the draft.

栄仁親王の子の3代伏見宮貞成親王は、自ら伏見宮と称していた。
Imperial Prince Yoshihito's third Prince, Fushimi no Miya Imperial Prince Sadafusa called himself Fushimi no Miya.

本所は、自らの権威を用いて荘園を国衙や他の荘園から保護した。
The honjo protected the shoen from the kokuga or other shoen by exercising their own authority.

この武者は、平家再興の夢を捨て現地で自ら命を絶ったとされる。
This samurai is believed to have committed suicide here after giving up his dream to revive the Taira family.

横海軍の程権は二州全ての領地を返還して藩の歴史を自ら絶った。
Chengquan, the military leader of Henghai army, surrendered all his territories in two prefectures, thereby voluntarily putting an end to the history of his domain.

本陣はそこから少し後方の六条に将軍足利義晴自らが陣をしいた。
Shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA established headquarters in Rokujo, which was at a small distance from the river.

なお、最初の八幡の戦いにも景虎自らが出陣したとする説がある。
By the way, there exists the theory that Kagetora himself participated in the first battle of Hachiman.

地方長官及びその配下の官吏は、自らの地域の秩序に責任があり。
Local governors and their subordinates shall be responsible for order in their own region.

改革派は世直しをするものとして、自らを天狗と称したという説。
The other theory says that reformers called themselves as Tengu because they were setting the world aright.

他にも、自らの表現形式を持って短歌を作る歌人が活躍し始めた。
Other poets also became active in the movement-poets who possessed their own original style of prose.

1802年、自らの墓を西福寺（左京区南禅寺草川町）に作った。
In 1802, he built his own tomb at Saifuku-ji Temple (Nanzenji kusagawa-cho, Sakyo Ward).

皮肉にも自らが暗殺されたことにより、将軍の権威は地に堕ちた。
Ironically, Yoshiteru's assassination led to the fall of the shogun's authority.

重隆の子職隆には自らの養女を嫁がせ、小寺の名字を名乗らせた。
Masamoto additionally gave his adoptive daughter in marriage to Shigetaka's son Mototaka and had Mototaka go by the family name of KODERA.

忠成は定信や信明が禁止した贈賄を自ら公認して収賄を奨励した。
Tadaakira officially approved of bribery--a practice previously banned by Sadanobu and Nobuaki--and encouraged the acceptance of bribes.

7月22日、吹負は他の諸将を北進させ、自らは難波に向かった。
On July 22 (in old lunar calendar), Fukei went to Naniwa while sending other generals to the north.

本姓は榊原、通称を土佐屋平八郎というが、自ら彭城を名乗った。
His real family name was SAKAKIBARA, and although his common name was Heihachiro TOSAYA, he called himself as SAKAKI.

蘇定方はこの事態を把握して、自ら出馬して黒歯常之と相対した。
So Teiho, upon realizing the situation, went up to the front line to have a showdown with Joshi KOKUSHI.

そして自ら揚州大都督と号し、唐の復興を旗印に叛乱を起こした。
He then called himself the governor-general of Yoshu and raised insurrection under the name of the Tang revival.

自ら抜刀して敵陣へ向かい、大声で配下の将兵を鼓舞したという。
It is said he himself left for the enemy's territory with a sword and inspirited officers and soldiers under his command loudly.

自らも槍を振るい、奮戦したが、命運尽き24歳の人生を閉じた。
He himself fought desperately with his spear but died at the age of 24.

そこで、洞松院は自ら高国の陣所へ赴いて談判し、講和を結んだ。
Then, Tosho-in herself visited Takakuni's camp to negotiate, and concluded peace.

後に安倍晴明が自らの祖であると自称しているが、史実は異なる。
ABE no Seimei claimed that ABE no Nakamaro was his ancestor, but it contradicted the historical facts.

当該労働者を自ら使用する事業者（次号に掲げる事業者を除く。）
Business Operator which employs the said worker itself (except Business Operator in the following Item);

もちろん私は自らの努力で出世するべきだという考えに賛成です。
Obviously I agree that you should advance in life through your own efforts.

そこでその人は夜ごとに自らを洗い清める涙の洪水を経験します。
Therein findeth she a fountain of tears, wherein to wash and cleanse herself each night,

そして、おそらくは彼も、自らそれを望んでいたのかもしれない。
Or perhaps he did not want to.

社会は自らの委任統治権を執行できるし、また執行するのですが、
Society can and does execute its own mandates:

もう一つのやり方にしたがう者は、自らを保つことができません。
It is impossible for those who follow the other to maintain themselves.

自身の宗教を放棄することを拒否した罰として、自ら進んで死ぬ人
one who voluntarily suffers death as the penalty for refusing to renounce their religion

検察官は、必要と認めるときは、自ら犯罪を捜査することができる。
A public prosecutor may, if he/she deems it necessary, investigate an offense him/herself.

その事業を自ら適確に遂行するに足る能力を有するものであること。
The applicant has a capability to properly conduct the business on its own.
The applicants have the competency to appropriately execute the business;
The applicants have the competency to appropriately execute the business; and

平将門が関東で反乱を起こした際には自ら関東に下向し祈祷をした。
When TAIRA no Masakado started a rebellion in the Kanto area, Kancho went there to pray.

芳年は生涯をかけ、自らの作品の主題として妖怪を重要視していた。
Yoshitoshi placed special emphasis on monsters as a theme of his own works throughout his lifetime.

尾張国織田家も故郷の地名を自らの姓としたことが始まりとされる。
The Oda clan in Owari Province was named after the name of the birthplace.

しかし、後醍醐は自らの立場に強い不満をいだき、激しく反発した。
However, Godaigo was very dissatisfied with his position and became rebellious.

後白河にとっては、自らの院政を支える近臣の育成が急務となった。
For Goshirakawa, cultivating close retainers that would support his insei (cloister government) was an urgent priority.

安禄山は自らの地位を失う恐怖から755年、ついに乱を起こした。
Out of fear of losing his status, Lushan AN finally started a rebellion in 755.

また代宗の強硬姿勢を見た他藩鎮は自らの地位を失うことを恐れた。
In addition, rest of the hanchin who saw Daizong's unyielding attitude became afraid of losing their own positions.

室町時代には京都扶持衆として、自らを「会津守護」と称していた。
During the Muromachi period, the Aizu Ashina clan had a direct lord-vassal relationship with the Muromachi shogunate and the members of the clan called themselves Governors of Aizu (Aizu Shugo in Japanese).

また上田秋成は、真淵の説に自らの説を添えたものを刊行している。
Also, Akinari UEDA added his own view to the Mabuchi's theory and published the book.

9月、合戦は泰衡が自らの郎党に討たれ、頼朝らの勝利に終わった。
In October, Yasuhira was killed by his own vassals, and the Battle of Oshu resulted in Yoritomo's victory.

のちに井戸城を息子の井戸覚弘に譲って、自らは織田信長に仕える。
Later he ceded Ido-jo Castle to his son Satohiro IDO, then he served Nobunaga ODA.

この生活は自らの手で師・日蓮の死を看取る26歳の時まで続いた。
Nichiko continued taking care of his master Nichiren until the time when he was 26 and attended the master on his deathbed.

自ら親王であると偽り名乗り、身代わりとなって切腹して自刃した。
Arrogating himself to be Imperial Prince, he committed seppuku in place of him.

この際、劉仁軌は自ら志願して検校帯方州刺史を拝して援軍に赴く。
Rui Jinki voluntarily went to support Ryu Jingan by following kengyo (temple or shrine administrator) shushishi (governor of a state)

酒と詩を愛し、自らを『鯨海酔侯（げいかいすいこう）』と称した。
He loved liquor and poetry, and referred to himself as 'Gei Kai Sui Ko' (the drunken lord of the oceanic domain that is inhabited by whales).

1818年（文政元年）には自らの門人山崎篤利の養女と再婚する。
In 1818, Atsutane married to an adopted daughter of Atsutoshi YAMAZAKI, a disciple.

したがって、伐採した材木の販売益を100%自らの収入とできた。
Therefore, 100% of the profit from selling the wood cut there became their own income.

また、崇神天皇に、自らをオオタタネコに祀らせるようにと告げた。
On the other hand, Omononushi told Emperor Sujin to have Ootataneko enshrine him.

また、国衙も同様の名目で自ら賦課・徴収を行うようになっていく。
In addition, the provincial government officers themselves also imposed duties and collected taxes under a similar pretext.

彼らはその官位を支配のよりどころとして、自らの勢力を拡大した。
They used their official rank to dominate the area and extend their power.

しかし、人間には自らを覆う壁が必要だとことは変わりがないので、
But the human need for shelter is lasting.

しかし自らをイエスに捧げる者は、いつまでも強められるのです。
but he who embraceth Jesus will stand upright for ever.

自らその計画を選ぼうとする人は、その能力のすべてを使うのです。
He who chooses his plan for himself, employs all his faculties.

自ら私の父となってくださり、お嬢さんを私にくださったのです。」
he has made himself to me a second father, giving me this dear lady.'

住人が自ら葺く場合は穂の部分を下にした逆葺きが行われる事が多い。
If the resident himself is thatching the roof, it is usually sakabuki (literally, reverse thatching), where the ears of grass are placed downwards.

自ら巨木を求めて山に入り、奈良まで移送する方法も工夫したという。
He is said to have developed a method of transporting large trees from the mountains to Nara.

南京大虐殺の直後には自ら南京市に入城し犠牲者追弔会を行っている。
Shortly after the Nanjing Massacre, he personally entered into Nanjing City and performed memorial services for the victims of the war.

四十八願は「しぼめる花」であるとし、自らの教えが正しいと説いた。
He also told that 'Shijuhachi-gan' (forty-eight vows Amitabha had made) was 'a faded flower,' saying his thought was genuine.

弁当男子という独身男性が自ら弁当を作って持参する言葉が生まれた。
That year spawned a new word 'bento boy' which meant a single man who prepared bento by himself.

自然居士はかの衣は幼い者が人買いに自らを売って得たものと見抜く。
Jinen Koji perceives that the child had gotten the garment by selling himself to the human trafficker.

討幕計画に反対していた土御門上皇は自ら望んで土佐国へ配流された。
The retired Emperor Tsuchimikado, who had opposed the plan to attack the shogunate, was exiled to Tosa Province, which is where he himself had wished to be sent.

ちなみに江戸時代は、藩士が自らのことを藩士と呼ぶことはなかった。
In fact, they didn't call themselves Hanshi during the Edo period.

これらの屯倉は大王 (ヤマト王権)自らの力で開発され経営された。
These miyakes were developed and run by the great king of the Yamato Sovereignty.

時雄は監視するために芳子を自らの家の2階に住まわせることにする。
Tokio decided to have Yoshiko stay at the second floor of his house, in order to keep an eye on her.

近衛篤麿の人となりは剛腹で、自らの地位と身分を深く自覚していた。
He was a big-hearted person and deeply aware of responsibility for his social status and rank.

しかし義村は権力拡大の好機ととらえ、自ら兵を率い三石城に迫った。
However, Yoshimura saw this as a good opportunity to expand his powerbase, rallied his troops and marched on Mitsuishi-jo Castle.

享禄元年、5月、前年に対立した管領・細川高国が自ら一乗谷へ下向。
In May, 1528, Kanrei Takakuni HOSOKAWA, with whom Takakge had a confrontation the previous year, voluntarily left the capital to go down to Ichijodani.

軍神毘沙門天の熱心な信者で、自らの旗印にも「毘」の文字を使った。
He was a fervent believer in the god of war, Bishamonten, and also used a letter of '毘' (Bi of Bishamonten) for an emblem on his own flag.

「主君の危機に臨んでは自らの命を投げ出す、これこそが臣下の道。」
Scrificing one's life in an emergency of his master; this is what a proper subject is supposed to do.'

隆季も平氏と友好関係を築くことで自らの地位の保全を図ろうとした。
Takasue attempted to maintain his status by forming an amicable relationship with the Taira clan.

久坂たちは自らは大将として自刃し、残りは天王山方面へ退避させる。
As Commander-in-Chief he killed himself while commanding the rest of his army to retreat to Mt. Tenno.

晩年に行った道路工事の際には自ら馬に乗って土石を運んだ事もある。
In his later years Yasutoki even rode a horse in order to carry soil and stones in road construction.

この時、長政は自らの服を三成にかけて手向けの言葉を送ったという。
It is said that Nagamasa covered Mitsunari with his own clothing, and bid him farewell.

この燈籠は三斎が生前こよなく愛し，自ら墓標に指定したといわれる。
Tadaoki HOSOKAWA was extremely fond of this lantern and it is said that he selected it to serve as his grave marker.

即位後天皇自らが伊勢神宮に参拝する際に、剣璽と共に参拝している。
The Emperor visited Ise-jingu Shrine with the divine sword and jewel after his enthronement.

源義家は源氏の祖経基以来、自らの代まで5代続けての叙任であった。
MINAMOTO no Yoshiie was the fifth successive generation after Tsunemoto (founder of Minamoto clan) to assume this post.

そのような人は自らのみじめさと苦しみに悲しんで、嘆き、祈ります。
Then he is heavy of heart, he groaneth, he crieth out for the very disquietness of his heart.

患者の自らの体の他の部分からの組織を使用することによる外科的修復
surgical repair by using tissue from another part of the patient's own body

申立人が前号の証拠となるべきものを自ら収集することが困難である事由
Grounds that make it difficult for the petitioner to collect the materials that are to serve as evidence set forth in the preceding item by himself/herself

自ら営利を目的とする業務を営もうとするとき　商号及び当該業務の内容
When he/she intends to personally operate a profit-making business -　the trade name and the details of the business; or

大小40余りの庭石は上皇となった後水尾天皇が自ら配したといわれる。
Some 40 garden rocks, large and small, were probably arranged by Emperor Gomizunoo himself when he became the Retired Emperor.

家紋は苗字と同じであり、自らの出自と無関係に用いることは普通ない。
Family crest is the same as family name and cannot be used regardless of one's origin.

徳川吉宗は古今の鷹書を収集・研究し、自らも鶴狩の著作を残している。
Yoshimune TOKUGAWA collected and researched ancient and modern books on falconry and wrote books about hunting crane by himself.

以上の者は自らの歌の披講の際は起立し、天皇に一礼する慣わしである。
It is a time-honored practice that a person stands up and makes a bow to the emperor just before his or her poem is recited.

しかし厩戸は自らが持つ不思議な力ゆえに実母の穴穂部に疎まれていた。
However, he got on the wrong side of his biological mother, Anahobe, because of strange power he had.

くわんぺら門兵衛は意休の子分であることを自ら明かし、長口上をぶつ。
Kanpera Monbei reveals himself as a retainer of Ikyu, starting a long-winded speech.

仲哀天皇9年、12月に神功皇后は、自ら将帥となり、三韓に出兵した。
In December in AD 200, Empress Jingu dispatched troops, headed by herself as a commander-in-chief, to conquest Sankan (three old Korean Kingdoms).

これらは、惣村から見れば、自らの正当な権利を要求する行為であった。
For the soson, such uprisings represented the act of demanding their legitimate rights.

自らを藩師として認めるように強談し、朝廷側もこれをやむなく認めた。
They used forceful persuasion to acknowledge them as hanshi, and the imperial court yielded to their request.

忠恒は、自ら乱を鎮圧するため、徳川家康の許可を得て本国へ帰国した。
Tadatsune obtained permission from Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and returned to his province in order to quell the rebellion by himself.

また自ら皇帝を称するなど台湾王朝の建国を目指したものが6件あった。
Six uprisings aimed at establishing a Taiwan dynasty with the conspirators calling themselves emperors.

自由党系が求めていた星亨の外相任命を大隈が拒んで自ら兼務を続けた。
The Liberal Party side requested Toru HOSHI to be appointed as the Foreign Minister, but OKUMA refused it and doubled as Foreign Minister.

義満は北山山荘に明使を鄭重に迎え、自ら拝跪して詔書を受けたという。
It was said that Yoshimitsu courteously met the Ming envoy at Kitayama villa, and received the letter on bended knee.

家集『御堂関白集』を残し、自ら拾遺和歌集以下の勅撰集歌人でもある。
He left a house collection, 'Mido-Kanpaku collection,' and he himself was a poet whose poem appears in the Emperor's collection after Shui Wakashu (Shui anthology of poetry).

家柄が低く、血統だけでは自らの権力を保障する正統性を欠く北条氏は、
The Hojo family, with its low social standing, could not obtain sufficient legitimacy of government to secure its power merely on the grounds of its lineage.

「大将自ら動くことなく、家臣をうまく使う優れた采配を持っている。」
The commander is a man who has a talent fordeftly directing his retainers to the greatest effect, without thrusting himself into matters.'

父の家光は、生まれたときから家綱を自らの後継ぎに決めていたという。
It is said his father Iemitsu decided to make Ietsuna his successor at birth.

その後、秀吉自らが酒肴持参で詫びに来た等という巷談も伝わっている。
There is a rumor that, after that, Hideyoshi, himself came to him to apologize, bringing food and alcohol with him.

有力御家人たちが土や石を運んで段葛を作り、頼朝が自ら監督を行った。
Influential gokenin had a dankazura (a road which is one step higher than other areas) built by soil and stones with Yoritomo himself directing the construction.

このため、米価高騰により、自らの生活を最低にして出費を抑えている。
This led to a rise of rice price and forced him to live on a minimum standard of living to suppress his expenses.

鹿は断崖を越えて逃げ去り、自らの乗る馬は断崖の淵で動きがとれない。
The deer escaped past the cliff but his horse was unable to move in the pool at the cliff base.

（仲麻呂自らは新設した紫微中台＝皇太后宮職として紫微令を称した。）
(Nakamaro himself had taken the title Shibirei [director general of Shibi institution] of the newly created Shibi chudai [office handling the principal empress Komyo's affairs], namely kotaigogushoku [Imperial Household Agency officer assigned to the household of Queen Mother])

彼は何とかして自らの正しさを立証し、男らしさを主張したいと思った。
He wished to vindicate himself in some way, to assert his manhood.

あの夜彼女は飲酒について自らに課したルールを破っていたに違いない。
She must have broken her rule against drinking that night,

それから、ヘレネー自ら年老いた乞食を洗ってやり、油を塗ってやった。
and she herself washed the old beggar and anointed him with oil.

飼育場に閉じ込めるよりは牧草を食べさせ、または飼料を自ら集めさせる
permitted to graze or forage rather than being confined to a feedlot

登山家がそれを氷または岩に打ち込んで、自らを固定するために使用する
mountaineers drive it into ice or rock to use as a hold

証人自らが住む地域社会での他の人の良い評判について宣誓証言する証人
a witness who testifies under oath as to the good reputation of another person in the community where that person lives

会員が、自らまたは第三者を利用して次の各号に該当する行為をしたとき
When the member performs or uses a third party to perform any of the following actions.

自ら燃料以外の用途で分別基準適合物を製品としてそのまま使用すること。
Personally using waste containers and packaging that conform to the sorting standards directly as products for usage excluding fuel use

速やかに本邦から出国する意思をもつて自ら入国管理官署に出頭したこと。
The foreign national has voluntarily appeared at an immigration office with the intention of departing from Japan promptly.

製作者は自らの作品を作ってばかりでは技術はそこまでで止まってしまう。
For the craftsmen, their techniques stop improving if they only continue their own work.

自らそれを『巨人の星』のそれにちなんで「ちゃぶ台返し」と呼んでいる。
He himself calls it 'chabudai-gaeshi' after 'Kyojin no Hoshi.'

これを不義とみた角太郎は、雛衣を離縁、自らは返璧の庵に蟄居していた。
Believing that his wife had committed adultery, Kakutaro divorced Hinakinu and he himself was confined to a hermitage in Tamagaeshi village.

それに気を良くした皇帝は舞楽を奏させて自ら舞い、長生殿に戻っていく。
The emperor feels good about it and has people play bugaku (traditional Japanese court music accompanied by dancing) and dances by himself, then returns to Chosei-den Hall (the Hall of Everlasting Life).

聖武天皇は譲位の際にも、自らの即位の事情に触れて不改常典に言及した。
When Emperor Shomu abdicated the throne, he touched on the circumstances at the time of his enthronement, and referred to Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten.

氏真が自ら出陣した造反軍征伐戦では、三河宝飯郡において松平軍に大敗。
In battles to expedite rebels, Ujimasa took the field, but he was defeated by the Matsudaira army in Hoi County, Mikawa Province.

正盛は自らに服従した田堵を郎等・家人にして、武士団を形成していった。
Masamori made the Tato who followed him into Roto (vassals) and Kenin (retainers) to produce a warrior group.

帳台試といふは、主上自ら大師の局に出御なりて、舞姫を御覧する事なり。
Chodai no kokoromi means that the Emperor goes to daishi no tsubone to view the gosechi dancers by himself.

中川秀政は自ら陣頭に立って攻城に当たり、二の丸を破って本丸に迫った。
Hidemasa NAKAGAWA fought in the front by himself, broke through Ninomaru and came close to the Honmaru.

また自らも「住吉社歌合」「広田社歌合」などの社頭歌合を主催している。
He also organized poetry contests held at shrines like 'Sumiyoshi-sha Shrine Poetry Contest' and 'Hirota-sha Shrine Poetry Contest.'

そこで、后の弟橘媛が自ら命に替わって入水すると、波は自ずから凪いだ。
At that time, his wife Oto Tachibana Hime leaped into the sea on his behalf, and the waves became calm by themselves.

「オノゴロ島」は、「自ら凝り固まった島」の意とするのが一般的である。
It is general to interpret 'Onogoro-jima Island' to mean 'island that took form on its own.'

弁慶は偽の勧進帳を読み上げ、疑われた義経を自らの金剛杖で打ち据える。
Benkei read a fake kanjincho, a statement to explain reasons to gather donations for Buddhist activities, and beat Yoshitsune, who was suspected as a fugitive, with his kongozue (a big walking stick used by a mountain priest in his training).

大数珠を身につけたのは、自らが葬った敵を弔うためであったといわれる。
It is said that the big juzu was meant to mourn for the enemies he himself had killed.

持氏は憲実討伐のため8月に一色氏に旗を与えて派兵し、自らも出陣した。
After Mochiuji gave the banner to the Isshiki clan for the suppression of Norizane in August, he dispatched troops and went to the war himself.

敗戦の報に激昂した元繁は、自ら軍を率いて毛利・吉川連合軍を攻撃した。
Motoshige outraged by the report of defeat led an army and attacked the Mori and Yoshikawa allied forces.

嘉保2年（1095年）、一族とともに上洛して自らは従四位上大膳大夫、
Coming up to Kyoto with his clan in 1095, he was appointed as Jushiijo, Daizen no daibu.

以降は自作のシナリオを自らの資金繰りで監督する独立映画作家となった。
He went on to become an independent film maker who directed his own screenplays using his own funds.

松原正樹、安田裕美等と結成したジャズバンドで自らベースギターを弾く。
He plays bass guitar in a jazz band he formed with Masaki MATSUBARA and Hiromi YASUDA.

気づかないままに、自分が行うことのなかに自らを求める人が大勢います。
Many are secretly seeking their own ends in what they do, yet know it not.

その事業を自ら安全かつ適確に遂行するに足る能力を有するものであること。
The applicant has the capability to conduct the business on its own and properly.

そのように門徒自らが「門徒物知らず」という言葉を便利に使う場合もある。
As mentioned above, monto sometimes use a phrase of 'monto mono shirazu' for their convenience.

この後、仏教は国家鎮護の道具となり、天皇家自ら寺を建てるようになった。
After that, Buddhism became a tool for the protection of the nation and the Imperial family willingly had temples built.

真言宗が腐敗衰退した現状を嘆いた覚鑁は自ら宗派の建て直しに打って出る。
Kakuban, who bemoaned the corrupted and declined situation of Shingon sect, made a bit to rebuild the sect on his own.

鎌倉時代には、後鳥羽天皇がことのほか菊を好み、自らの印として愛用した。
During the Kamakura period, Emperor Gotoba was especially fond of the Chrysanthemum, and used it regularly as his symbol.

ここに至って自らの思い違いを知った角太郎は、現八と共に妖猫を退治する。
To see this, Kakutaro realized how he had misunderstood and killed the specter cat in cooperation with Genpachi.

氏清の軍勢は浮き足立ち、義満自らが馬廻とともに出馬するに及び潰走した。
Ujikiyo's forces were prepared to flee, and they had a debacle as Yoshimitsu himself entered the battle on horseback with umamawari.

院宮家は、自らの側近や血縁者を国守・受領に任命することが通例であった。
It was customary that Innomiya families appointed their close retainers or relatives to kokushu and zuryo.

唐に対して反抗的で納めるべき税を全く収めず自らの収入として使っていた。
Taxes that should have been paid were never paid, and it used them as its own income instead.

降伏後は自ら人質となり上洛し戦後処理にあたり、島津氏の存続に貢献した。
After the surrender, he made himself a hostage and went to Kyoto for post-war activities; that contributed to the continuance of the Shimazu clan.

が、警備は十分ではないため暴徒の襲撃を受けた日本公使館は自ら応戦した。
However, as the protection was insufficient, the members of the Japanese legation fought back against the attack of the mob on their own.

殿様趣味の枠を超えて、自ら蘭学研究を行ったり、学問の奨励するなどした。
Their interest transcended lordly outside interests, including their personal engagement in Western studies, promotion of learning, and so on.

集目録（藤原定家筆）1巻－定家が自ら筆写または校訂した歌集の自筆目録。
One section of the catalog of anthologies (written by Teika), a catalog, in Teika's own hand, of the poetry anthologies he had personally transcribed or revised.

(朝廷には吉備武彦を遣わして報告させ、自らは能褒野の地で亡くなった。)
(He sent KIBI no Takehiko to the Imperial court to make reports, and he himself passed away at Nobono.)

8月12日、信長は暴風雨を利用して自ら朝倉方の砦である大嶽砦を攻める。
On September 18, Nobunaga took advantage of a rain storm to attack Fort Otaki, which was a fort of the Asakura family, by himself.

『愚管抄』によると、罠を察知した義朝は政清に自らの殺害を命じたという。
According to 'Gukansho' (An Interpretative History of Japan), Yoshitomo, who noticed Tadamune's plot, ordered Masakiyo to kill him.

冷泉の姓は自らが冷泉家に無断で名乗ったもので、元は公家の出自ではない。
He used the surname of REIZEI without any permission of the Reizei family, so he had no origin of kuge.

また江戸に戻った玄沢は、自らの私塾芝蘭堂で江戸オランダ正月を開催した。
After returning to Edo, Gentaku hosted Edo-Dutch New Year party at his private school Shiran-do as well.

事実、文晁は文政4年（1821年）の伝来書に自ら文麗門下と称している。
Actually, Buncho described himself as disciple of Bunrei in the introduction document in 1821.

また、信頼は一族を陸奥守に送り込み、自らや弟信説が武蔵守に任ぜられる。
Also, Nobuyori and family were dispatched to govern Mutsu Province, and Nobuyori and his younger brother Nobutoki were commissioned to govern Musashi Province.

忠実は自らの娘・勲子を鳥羽上皇の妃として、上皇との協調を世間に示した。
By Tadazane having his own daughter Kunshi as consort to Retired Emperor Toba, his alliance with the Retired Emperor would be seen by all.

1985年には自ら映画制作プロダクション「五社プロダクション」を設立。
In 1985, he established 'Gosha Production,' a film-making company by himself.

しかし、敏定自ら右眼を矢で射抜かれたまま、奮戦し、これを退けたという。
However, Yoshisada fought bravely while his right eye being shot by an arrow and repeled the enemy.

紀記神話には、「神八井耳命は皇位を弟に譲り、自らは神祇を祭る」とあり、
There is a description in Japanese mythology that Kamuyaimimi-no-mikoto handed over the Imperial Throne to his younger brother and devoted himself to enshrining deities of heaven and earth.

けれ共、矢張又前のやうに自分は此命令を自ら繰返さなければならなかつた。
I found as before that I had to repeat the command myself.

自らも帰国しようとしたが、神宗に遺留され北宋に残り、汴京開宝寺で没した。
He attempted to return to Japan but was kept in China by Emperor Shenzong, and passed away at Kaibao Temple in Bianjing.

折しも浪人の安達三郎が自らの母を襲った高時の愛犬を打ち殺したと聞き激怒。
He was outraged when he heard that a ronin(masterless samurai), Saburo ADACHI killed Takatoki's favorite dog that had attacked Saburo's mother.

一方『俊寛』では、俊寛は自らの意思により人を殺してまでも島に残っている。
On the other hand, in 'Shunkan,' Shunkan remained on the island on his own will even after he killed someone.

長寛2年（1165年）2月、太政大臣の伊通が亡くなり、自らも病に倒れた。
In February 1165, Grand Minister Koremichi died and the Emperor became ill.

松平信明が死去すると将軍家斉（のち隠居して大御所）が自ら政権の表に立つ。
After Nobuaki MATSUDAIRA died, Ienari himself came to the center stage of the administration as a shogun (and later, as an 'ogosho').

成人した諱を付ける烏帽子親もいないので、自ら源九郎義経と名乗ったという。
As there was no one to perform the ceremony and give him an adult name, he named himself GENKURO Yoshitsune.

佐佐木信綱によれば、これらは後白河法皇自らの撰によるものではないという。
According to Nobutsuna SASAKI, these were not selected by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.

また、自らの心情や経験を客観的に省察する自照文学のはしりともされている。
The diary is also regarded as the precursor of self-reflective literature, in which writers objectively examine their own feelings and experiences.

新政権において、尊氏は政務を直義に任せ、自らは武士の棟梁として君臨した。
Under the new government, Takauji gave Tadayoshi a post as administrative leader and he himself became the leader of the house vassals.

紀氏は、自らの系図で名草戸畔を遠縁に位置づけることで、正当性を主張した。
Ki clan insisted on their legitimacy by listing Nagusatobe as distantly-related in their own family tree.

この頃に藩主鍋島直正へ海軍創設の必要性を説き､自ら海軍所の責任者となる｡
Around the time, he preached to the lord of the domain, Naomasa NABESHIMA, the need for the foundation of a navy and he became a person in charge of Kaigun-sho (navy).

これを契機に当主であり弟の菊池武士を廃して、菊池武光自らが当主となった。
Taking this as an opportunity, Takemitsu KIKUCHI eliminated his younger brother Takehito KIKUCHI and became the family head himself.

『新三匹の侍』の企画段階で、五社自ら安藤をレギュラーに推薦して起用した。
Gosha himself recommended and employed Ando as a regular member during the planning phase of 'New Three Outlaw Samurai.'

しかし、第二次世界大戦中は、自らの信念とは別に数々の戦意高揚映画を製作。
During World War II, however, Imai went against his nature and produced numerous propaganda films for the war.

辞世の句は、「大ていは地に任せて肌骨好し紅粉を塗らず自ら風流」。
His death haiku (Japanese poem) was `大ていは地に任せて肌骨好し紅粉を塗らず自ら風流.'

馬籠出身の島崎藤村は、自らの故郷を舞台に歴史小説「夜明け前」を執筆した。
The Magome native Toson SHIMAZAKI wrote the historical fiction Yoake-mae (Before the Dawn) with his home town being its background.

彼らは自ら知者と称しながら、愚かになり、 (ローマ人への手紙 1:22)
Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, (Romans 1:22)

と王は指から翠玉（エメラルド）の蛇型指輪を抜き取り、自らの掌上に載せた。
He slipped an emerald snake ring from his finger and held it out upon the palm of his hand.

自らの使用のためにその特有の植物を特許化する会社によるそれらの違法な収集
illegal collection of indigenous plants by corporations who patent them for their own use

当該特許権又は当該特許を受ける権利に係る発明を自ら実施するものでないこと。
The person is not implementing the inventions pertaining to said patent right or the right to receive said patent or the concept pertaining to the said utility model right or the right to receive the registration of said utility model by itself.

種苗生産者が同一都道府県の区域内で自ら繁殖の用に供するため生産する指定種苗
Designated Seeds and Seedlings that are produced by the Seed and Seedling Producer within the area of the same prefecture for their own use for breeding.

一人は自らが仏となることで人を救おうと考え、一切智威如来という仏になった。
One of the kings thought he would relieve people by becoming Buddha by himself, and he became the Buddha called Issaichii-nyorai.

植芝盛平は剣術の研究のために、自らの道場「皇武館」で剣道の指導を行わせた。
Morihei UESHIBA allowed kendo training in his dojo 'Kobukan' for the study of swordplay.

流派により宗家自ら師範となる場合、弟子に門下生の指導を委ねる場合とがある。
In some schools, Soke herself or himself teaches disciples directly, and in other schools, Soke leaves the educational activities to high ranking disciples.

これらのことはまさに自らをして武家源氏の棟梁たる気概を見せたに他ならない。
These incidents were precisely nothing other than a demonstration of his character as the leader of the samurai Minamoto clan.

小浪の父は、力弥に殺されることによって、自らの行為を許してもらおうとする。
Konami's father tries to be forgiven for his conduct by being killed by Rikiya.

泰時は途中で鎌倉へ引き返し、天皇が自ら兵を率いた場合の対処を義時に尋ねた。
Before he had gone too far, Yasutoki turned back to Kamakura to consult with Yoshitoki about how to proceed if the Emperor were to lead his forces personally.

長期間皇太子で過ごした平城には、それなりに自らの施政に対する抱負があった。
Heizei had spent a long time as Crown Prince and had a certain degree of ideas about how to govern.

嵯峨天皇の動きを知った平城上皇は激怒し、自ら東国に赴き挙兵する決断をする。
The Retired Emperor Heizei was infuriated by Emperor Saga's actions, and he made a firm decision that he himself would go to the eastern provinces and raise an army.

桓武天皇は新王朝の創始を強く意識し、自らの主導による諸改革を進めていった。
Emperor Kanmu was strongly aware of the start of the new dynasty and promoted various reformations.

一宮は桜井市の大神神社だが、神社が自ら一宮を称した文書は見つかっていない。
Ichinomiya (the highest ranking shrine) was Omiwa Shrine in Sakurai City, but there have not been any documents that the shrine calls itself ichinomiya.

百済の名門氏族である木満致が、自らの姓を捨て蘇我氏を名乗ったことの不自然さ
It is unlikely that Machi MOKU, a member of a well regarded clan in Baekje, would forsake his family name and introduce himself as Soga clan.

このとき、弁官史は、命令・意向の内容を忘れないために自らのメモを作成した。
At this time, Benkanshi (controller) created own memo in order not to forget the contents of such orders and intents.

水戸藩出身の一橋慶喜は事態の収拾を図るため自ら天狗党追討を朝廷に願い出た。
Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI from the Mito Domain tried to end the affairs and offered the Imperial Court that he himself would track down and kill Tenguto.

そして遂には頼家も廃して弟の源実朝を新将軍として擁立し、自らは執権となる。
And, eventually, he uncrowned Yoriie, backed up his younger brother, MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, as a new shogun, and assumed the post of regent.

その後、伊藤は内閣制度を導入して自ら初代内閣総理大臣と宮内大臣を兼務する。
After that, Ito introduced the cabinet system and took the position of Prime Minister by himself as well as that of the Imperial Households Minister.

この『新鞍馬天狗』は、原作者自ら手掛ける映画作品として当初話題にはなった。
Shin Kurama Tengu attracted much attention at first since the film was produced by the author himself.

佃島の魚問屋・腥斎佃（水谷金蔵）に五世川柳を譲り、自らは「柳翁」となった。
He gave the name of Senryu V to Namagusai-Tazukuri (Kinzo MIZUTANI), a fish wholesaler in Tsukuda-jima Island, and he called himself 'Ryuo' (literally, the venerable old willow).

2月には勝海舟に事態収拾を一任して自らは上野寛永寺大慈院において謹慎する。
In February, he entrusted Kaishu KATSU to take control of the situation and entered into a disciplinary confinement at Daiji-in located in Kan'ei-ji Temple in Ueno.

義昭は自らが将軍に就任した際、元号を「元亀」と改元するべく朝廷に奏請した。
When Yoshiaki became the Shogun he proposed that the Imperial Court change the name of the era to 'Genki'.

関ヶ原の戦いでは自らは出陣しなかったものの、西軍に属したため除封となった。
During the Battle of Sekigahara, Toyonao himself did not go to the front, but he was punished by 'joho' sanction (also known as 'kaieki' which was shogunal sanction by means of sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) for siding with the 'western' army.

直政の手厚い保護に秀吉は大変喜び、自ら茶を立てて直政の疲れを癒そうとした。
Hideyoshi was so happy with Naomasa's careful protection that he himself prepared tea for Naomasa to heal his fatigue.

翌16日、山縣と合流した当日に自らの辞任を請い、23日に辞令を受け取った。
The next day, on April 16, when he joined Yamagata, he communicated his desire to resign from the position, and it was accepted on April 23.

忠輝は面会しようと駿府まで自ら赴いたが、家康は最後まで面会を許さなかった。
Although Tadateru betook himself to Sunpu to meet Ieyasu, Ieyasu never gave permission for Tadateru to meet him.

異常なほど潔癖症で料理や洗濯は自ら行わないと気が済まなかったと伝えられる。
Because of his obsession with cleanliness, he did not feel right unless he did cooking and washing by himself.

さらに、台風で倒壊した日蓮宗の法恩寺を再建するなど自ら救済活動に奔走した。
Furthermore, Ryoo rebuilt the Hon-ji Temple of the Nichiren sect of Buddhism, which collapsed during a Typhoon, he dedicated himself to rebuilding through his own initiative.

三条天皇の譲位に伴う固関・警固の儀式が行われ、顕光は自らこれを買って出た。
Akimitsu volunteered to organize ceremony for strengthening of the guard at checkpoints related to the enthronement ceremony of Emperor Sanjo.

鑰之助は自ら流名を称することはなかったが、世人からは「東軍者」と呼ばれた。
Kaginosuke didn't refer to himself by 流名, but people called him `a person of the Togun' (Eastern camp).

後に文部卿に自ら就任したのは国民教育を充実させる事を目指したものであった。
In fact he later became Minister of Education to develop public education.

開山に木庵を招いた後、自らはその2代目住持となって仏門にひたすら尽くした。
After inviting Mokuan for kaisan, he became the second chief priest and devotedly served in Buddhist priesthood.

苗字の高は出身地の甲州高梨郡に因んで自ら名乗ったもので、本来は大嶋である。
His family name Ko was after the name of his birth place, Takanashi County, Koshu, which he started to use; his original family name was Oshima.

大国主が自らの奇魂・幸魂を三諸山（三輪山）に祀った故事に由来するとされる。
It is thought that this originated in the tradition that Okuninushi (chief god of Izumo in southern Honshu Island, Japan, and the central character in the important cycle of myths set in that region) worshipped his own Kushimitama (the wondrous, miraculous, or salubrious) and Sakimitama (the propitious) in Mt. Mimoro (Mt. Miwa.)

江戸時代に、山崎闇斎が儒教の礼式を参考に祭式を考案し、自らの霊魂を祀った。
In the Edo period, Ansai YAMAZAKI established rules for ritual procedures based on a ceremony style for Confucianism and worshipped his soul.

彼らは別々の方向に走り去り、僕は自らの下ごしらえをするために立ち去った。」
They drove away in different directions, and I went off to make my own arrangements.'

一節ごとに、自らを支配者と称する階級に対する憎悪のエネルギーをこめていた。
inspired in every passage with the energy of hate toward the classes that call themselves his rulers.

被告召喚令状（出廷を共用する令状）や裁判所の書状を自ら被告人へ持っていく人
someone who personally delivers a process (a writ compelling attendance in court) or court papers to the defendant

第三十九条第一項の規定により定期検査の全部又は一部を自ら行うこととするとき。
When he/she has, pursuant to the provision of Article 39, paragraph 1, decided that he/she will execute a periodic inspection in whole or in part by him/herself.

前項の申請は、自ら保安検査を行う特定施設を明らかにして行わなければならない。
The application referred to set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be made with a clear description of the Designated Facilities for which the safety inspection by himself/herself is intended.

道元自身は自らの教えを「正伝の仏法」であるとしてセクショナリズムを否定した。
Dogen himself considered his teaching as the 'True Dharma' and denied sectionalism.

そこで介石は故郷に戻り自らの手で仏教天文学の研究を極めようと勉学に勤しんだ。
Therefore, Kaiseki returned to his hometown and concentrated on studying Buddhism astronomy by himself in order to master it.

景行12年（82年）熊襲が背いたので、これを征伐すべく、8月に天皇自ら西下。
In 82, since Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district) disobeyed him, the Emperor himself left for the west to conquer them in August.

美福門院はかねてからの念願であった、自らの養子・守仁の即位を信西に要求した。
Bifukumonin decided to demand of Shinzei what she had long desired: that her adopted son, Morihito, be raised to the imperial throne.

こうした摂関家自らの内部事情が摂関政治の衰退に拍車をかけてしまったのである。
These circumstances inside the regent's house itself spurred the decline of the regency.

また国内の地頭・国人・名主らを被官に組み込むなど自らの影響下へ置いていった。
Additionally, the Shugo put jito (manager and lord of manor), the local lord, and myoshu (owner of rice fields) under their influence by adopting them into hikan (low-level bureaucrat).

後白河も自らの力の弱さを自覚していたからこそ、成親擁護に固執したと見られる。
It is thought that Goshirakawa persisted to protect Narichika because he was also aware of his own weakness.

水口城は追ってきた池田輝政に攻められ、長束正家が自ら放った火により落城した。
Minakuchi-jo Castle was attacked by Terumasa IKEDA, who chased Masaie NATSUKA, and was burned down in a fire that Masaie had set.

中級層以下の藩士は、自ら家族と共にこれに当たり、半ば農民化していたのである。
Consequently, the middle or lower class feudal domain retainers were engaged in farming together with their family members, making them virtually farmers.

中国は自らが東アジアの中心となり近隣諸国・地域との冊封体制を構築していった。
In China, civilization occurred during earlier times and as the center of East Asia, China built a tributary system with neighboring countries and areas.

町火消組、鳶職の親分、博徒の親方、非人頭の家を自ら回って協力を求めたという。
Katsu made personal visits, calling upon those with influence among the commoners in Edo town; this was to acquire the cooperation of the following groups: The township fire fighter organization, the head Tobishoku (a scaffolding man), the Oyakata (stable master) masters of Bakuto (the race of gamblers), and the heads of the Hinin (one group comprising the lowest rank of Japan's Edo-period caste system [often ex-convicts or vagrants]) residences.

が、家集には年老いた自らの境遇を詠んだ歌もあり信憑性には疑問が呈されている。
However, the credibility of this story is doubtful because his personal collection has some poems composed on the theme of him growing old.

一方、道長は伊周が政治を行えば天下が乱れると考え、自らが摂関になろうとした。
However, Michinaga wanted to be Sekkan (regent-chancellor) himself because he thought that if Korechika administered politics then there would be chaos in the country.

弘治元年（1555年）に宗滴が死去したため、義景は自ら政務を執るようになる。
After Soteki died in 1555, Yoshikage started to attend to government affairs by himself.

鴎外は自らが専門とした文学・医学、両分野において論争が絶えない人物であった。
Ogai was always involved in dispute in the fields of literature and medical science, both of which he specialized in.

菘翁は自らの本分は学問にあると述べており、事実それによって生計を立てていた。
Suo said his first duty was learning and in fact he earned a living on it.

皇子は群臣を従え自ら出陣し、瀬田の橋の西に陣取って東からくる敵を迎え撃った。
The prince himself went into the battle field accompanied with a large number of his retainers and stationed his troops in the west side of the bridge of Seta to intercept the enemy coming from the east.

同年、小川第にて、義満自らの手による剃髪をもって出家、法名を勝山道智と称す。
In the same year, he entered the priesthood having his head shaved by Yoshimitsu in Ogawadai and his priest name was Dochi KATSUYAMA

以降、自ら諱（いみな）のはずの「孝允」を公的な名前として使用するようになる。
Since then he had used 'Takayoshi,' albeit his taboo name, as his official one.

これにより親治は同荘を醍醐寺三宝院の勝尊に寄進し、自ら知行安泰を図っている。
Upon this decree, Chikaharu donated the manor to priest Shosen at Sanbo-in of Daigo-ji Temple, with the intention of promoting stability in the own domain.

亀山天皇が自ら作庭したと伝わる池泉回遊式庭園で、新緑と紅葉の頃は絶景である。
This Japanese style garden with a path around a central pond is said to have been created by the Emperor Kameyama himself and looks amazing during the new greenery of spring and the red leaves of autumn.

もちろん私は自ら努力することで人生の成功をつかむべきだという考えに賛成です。
Obviously I agree that you should advance in life through your own efforts.

管理者が自らの権限を犠牲にして、別の利用者の管理者権限を除去できるようにする
Allows an administrator to sacrifice own privileges in order to desysop another administrator

正しい人は悪を離れ去る、しかし悪しき者は自ら道に迷う。 (箴言 12:26)
A righteous person is cautious in friendship, but the way of the wicked leads them astray. (Proverbs 12:26)

自らの特権を持ち、王はこの特権を危険を冒さずに奪い取ることはできないのです。
they have their own prerogatives, nor can the king take these away except at his peril.

というのは、彼はフェラーラを得たいがために、外国人の手に自らを委ねたのです。
for he, wishing to get Ferrara, threw himself entirely into the hands of the foreigner.

ロイドは、自らの完全なる不透明性ゆえに、影の問題にぶつかってまごついている。
Lloyd blunders up against the shadow with his perfect opaqueness.

管理人は、不動産について、債務者の占有を解いて自らこれを占有することができる。
An administrator may release real property from the obligor's possession and take possession of such real property.

摂法身願・求仏身願　仏が自らの仏身を完成すること…第十二願・第十三願・第十七願
Shoboshingan and Kyubutsushingan (求仏身願): For Buddha to perfect the Body of Buddha, Vows 12, 13 and 17

｢善根｣は常に自ら以外の方向に振り向けられて｢功徳｣となり、我執が除去される。
'Charity' is always turned in the directions of others, and turns into 'merit,' then self-centeredness is removed.

戒律を守り、布施されたものは貧しい者たちえ分け与え自らは清貧に甘んじたという。
While she adhered to the precepts of Buddhism and distributed her offerings among poor people, she was reportedly content with living in poverty.

刀工は最後に鑿（たがね）を使い、自らの名前や居住地、制作年などを茎に銘を切る。
Lastly, the craftsman carves his own name, address or year the sword was made on into the Nakago (core) as Mei (an inscription) with a Tagane (borer).

暑いときに、手元で扇子を開いて自ら風を送ることで涼しさを得ることを目的に扇ぐ。
The purpose of a Sensu is to induce an airflow for cooling by waving it by hand on a hot day.

飯碗、汁碗、向付を乗せた折敷（おしき、脚のない膳）を亭主自ら運び、客に手渡す。
The host carries a lacquered wooden tray bearing a rice bowl, soup bowl and mukozuke.

また自らも門額を書き、当時書名の高かった空海、橘逸勢にも同様に門額を書かせた。
Furthermore, the emperor himself wrote characters on the name plates of gates, and had Kukai and TACHIBANA no Hayanari, being famous calligraphers at that time, write characters on the name plates of gates as well.

そして、長男に市川團十郎 (8代目)を襲名させて自らは市川海老蔵をと襲名した。
When he let his eldest son succeed to the professional name of Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the eighth) he succeeded to the professional name of Ebizo ICHIKAWA.

しかしながら、内親王は悲しみのうちに自ら落飾し、その6年後に短い生涯を閉じた。
However, the Imperial Princess entered into the Buddhist priesthood in sorrow and ended her short life six years later.

在位中は、蘇我蝦夷が大臣として重んじられ、その子・蘇我入鹿が自ら国政を執った。
During her reign she relied heavily on her minister SOGA no Emishi, and his son SOGA no Iruka himself took the helm of the state.

帰国の直前に能久親王は自らの婚約をドイツの新聞等に発表したため大問題となった。
Just before the departure for Japan, Prince Yoshihisa announced his engagement in German newspapers and so on and it became a big problem.

日本魚類学会に属して自らの研究に関して、28編の論文を同学会誌に発表している。
With a membership of 'The Ichthyological Society of Japan,' he has written 28 papers relevant to his research on the journals issued by the society.

忠盛は海賊追討に成功するが、降伏した海賊（在地領主）を自らの家人に組織化した。
Masamori succeeded in subduing the pirates and organized the pirates that surrendered (local landowners) as his own Kenin.

元々このような募兵に応えるようなものは多くが自らの土地を持たない客戸であった。
Many of the men who enlisted in the military service were kyakko who did not have their own land.

7月17日、もはやこれまでと金子元宅は自ら城に火を放ち、野々市原に討って出た。
On July 17, Motoie KANEKO, who was prepared for his death, set fire to his castle and set out toward Nonoichihara for his counter-attack.

島津軍では大将の島津義弘が自ら前線に立って戦ったとまで伝えられるほど奮戦した。
The Shimazu army fought bravely, and legend has it that Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, who was the taisho (general) himself went to the front and fought in the battle.

人間は自ら倫理を担うものであり、社会は倫理に基づいて人間が実践をする場である。
He thought that people were responsible for their ethics and society was a place for people to practice their ethics.

将軍吉宗自ら主導した改革を「享保の改革」と呼ぶ（1716年 - 1745年）。
The reforms led by Shogun Yoshimune himself is called Kyoho Reforms (from A.D. 1716 to 1745).

そして自らも新たな主君・晴英（義長）へ忠誠を誓う証として、隆房から晴賢と改名。
In addition, he also changed his name from Takafusa to Harukata as the proof to declare his loyalty to new lord, Haruhide (Yoshinaga).

身寄りのなくなった少女を、源氏は父兵部卿宮に先んじて自らの邸二条院に連れ帰る。
Ahead of her father, Hyobukyo no Miya, Genji took the girl, who had lost her relatives to depend on, to his residence, Nijoin.

源氏は斎宮への未練を感じつつも、御息所との約束を守り斎宮を自らの養女に迎える。
Genji is a little reluctant to give up the high priestess, but he adopts her as his daughter as he promised Rokujo no Miyasudokoro.

次男・義嗣を天皇にして、自らは天皇の父親として上皇になろうとしたというのである
He tried to make his second son, Yoshitsugu, accede to the throne, while he himself, being his father, intended to be a retired sovereign.

なお、善導は寺前の柳の樹木に登り自ら身を投じて死したともいわれるが異論もある。
It is said that Zendo died by climbing up a willow tree in front of the temple and jumping off from it, however, there is also a divergent view.

鑑定は権威が必要と、秀次自らが発注した「琴山」という純金の鑑定印を与えられた。
He was given a pure-gold appraisal stamp, named 'Kinzan', which was ordered by Hidetsugu himself, because authority was required for appraisal.

自らの財産をことごとく失うことがあっても、その神命に従う信念は変わらなかった。
She continued to follow the divine orders even when she was in utmost poverty.

しかし、葛城山にいる神一言主は、自らの醜悪な姿を気にして夜間しか働かなかった。
However, the god Hitokoto nushi was so ashamed of exposing his ugly figure that he only worked during the night.

大警視就任後も稼業終了後ほぼ毎日自ら、東京中の警察署、派出所を巡視して周った。
After assuming office as Daikeishi, he visited police offices and branch stations all over Tokyo almost everyday after the end of a day's work.

実際にどの程度時元が自ら望んで行動したのか、詳しいことは現在も分かっていない。
The actual detail of how much Tokimoto has hoped to conduct this is still unknown.

このため、大石内蔵助自らが江戸へ下り、安兵衛たちを説得しなければならなかった。
So, Oishi Kura-no-suke himself had to come up to Edo to convince them including Yasubei.

父仁斎の遺した著書の編集・刊行につとめ、自らも「訓幼字義」などを刊行している。
He worked for the edit and the publication of the book which his father Jinsai left after death, and also published himself 'Kunyo Jigi'.

また国学者氷室長翁に師事して国学、和歌にも造詣深く、自ら作詞した自作曲もある。
Yoshizawa also studied under Cho-o HIMURO, a scholar of Japanese classical literature, gaining for himself a deep knowledge of Japanese classical literature and waka poetry, and also created his own lyrics and music.

このため、足利尊氏は九州における南朝勢力の拡大を危惧して自ら親征しようとした。
Therefore, Takauji ASHIKAGA attempted to conduct Shinsei (expedition) to the Kyushu region because he was concerned about the South Court, which was gaining power in Kyushu region.

また白磁染付で知られる亀山焼 (長崎)の発展に尽くし、自ら絵付けも行っている。
He contributed to the development of Kameyama-yaki ceramic ware (Nagasaki), known for its white porcelain sometsuke (ceramics with blue patterns on white backgrounds), and hand-painted the porcelain himself.

兄の早世により通基の嫡男と位置付けられるが、自らもまた保元年間の頃に早世した。
Although he was in position to be the Michimoto heir due to his brother's premature death, Michishige also died early during the Hogen era.

大坂の池大雅、高芙蓉、木村兼葭堂などとの交流から山水画に自らの本領を見いだす。
However, through the influence of interactions with members of the Osaka school (Taika IKENO, (aka Taika IKE), Kenkado KIMURA etc) KUWAYAMA found his own milieu was landscapes.

素人の参拝者が自ら彫って奉納する『昭和の羅漢彫り』が始まったのは、1981年。
The practice of amateur visitors dedicating 'Showa no Rakan-bori' (Showa era Arhat carvings) that they had carved themselves began in 1981.

武士勢力が成長すると、権力者はこれに官位を授け自らの支配下に組み込もうとした。
Once the power of warriors began to grow, those in power attempted to get them under their control by giving them official ranks.

トライフォースは自らで善悪を判断しません。善悪を判断するのは神だけだからです。
The Triforce itself cannot judge between good and evil. That is because only the gods can do that.

どれほど自らの謙虚な気持ちで、私は再び人生に課された制約を甘受したことだろう！
with what willing humility, I embraced anew the restrictions of natural life!

新兵訓練係の軍曹の意図は、すべての新人に自らの価値のなさを納得させることだった
the drill sergeant's intent was to convince all the recruits of their worthlessness

自ら相手方からの請求を受けて、その請求に基づいて電磁的方法により広告をすること。
the person directly receives a request from the advertising target, and makes advertisement by an electromagnetic means based on such request; and

前項の申請は、自ら完成検査を行う特定変更工事を明らかにして行わなければならない。
The application referred to set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be made with a clear description of the Designated Alteration Work for which completion inspection by himself is intended.

アントシアンには活性酸素を自らが犠牲になって吸収・還元する作用が期待されている。
It is expected that anthocyan has a property to absorb and reduce active oxygen.

これら華族制度の整備を主導したのは、自らも公家華族である右大臣岩倉具視であった。
The person who led these arrangements of the kazoku system was Udaijin (minister of the right) Tomomi IWAKURA who was a member of Kuge kazoku.

一方で、義弘は討死を覚悟して、かねて帰依していた僧を招き自らの葬儀を執り行った。
On the other hand, Yoshihiro did make preparations against the likelihood of his death in battle, even going so far as to invite the monk who had previously given him the tonsure to come and perform his funeral service.

この人事は自らの娘・平寛子を基通に嫁がせ支援していた清盛の面目を潰すものだった。
This staff reassignment was intended to destroy the reputation of Kiyomori, who made his own daughter, TAIRA no Hiroko, marry Motomichi and supported him.

また、名主は、百姓から徴収した中から加地子を中間得分として自らの収入としていた。
Myoshu also collected kajishi (supplementary taxes) from peasants as their own income.

義家の立場は苦しいものとなり、義家自らが子の義親追討に当たらねばならなくなった。
This incident put Yoshiie in a very difficult position and he was forced to confront the task of tracking down his son Yoshichika and kill him.

自らも夢で桐壺帝に叱責され眼病で気弱になった朱雀帝はついに源氏の召還を決意した。
Emperor Suzaku, who was also reprimanded by Emperor Kiritsubo in his dreams, became timid due to eye trouble and finally decided to recall Genji.

これを知った内大臣は激怒し、雲居の雁を自らの邸に引き取り二人の仲を裂いてしまう。
When the Naidaijin learned about this, he became enraged, took Kumoi no Kari to his own mansion and split them up.

遊女が自らの性で商売するだけの存在になったは戦国時代 (日本)以降のようである。
It is considered that courtesans became mere prostitutes after the Sengoku period (period of warring states).

『大鏡』などによると伊周は自らが関白たらんと欲し、一条天皇の意中も伊周にあった。
According to 'Okagami' Korechika himself wanted to become Kanpaku, and Emperor Ichijo also had Korechika in mind.

明治30年（1897年）以降、自らが評議員である日本南画協会に定期出品している。
In 1897 and thereafter, he sent his work to the Nanga Association of Japan competition, an association for which he served as judge.

守覚法親王の仁和寺歌会や二条天皇の内裏歌会などに出席し、自らも歌合を催している。
He attended a poetry party held at Ninna-ji Temple, which was held by Cloistered Imperial Prince Shukaku, as well as a poetry party at the Imperial Palace held by Emperor Nijo, and he also held his own poetry party.

自ら質素倹約に努め、着物は木綿、食事は朝夕の2回とし、献立も「一汁三菜」とした。
Yoshimune himself strived to live a simple life and cut costs, by wearing cotton kimono and having a meal twice a day, in the morning and evening, consisting of no more than 'one soup and three dishes.'

当初は禅宗に帰依していたが後にキリスト教への関心を強め、ついに自ら洗礼を受けた。
Though he was originally devoted to Zen sect, he developed a keen interest in Christianity later and was finally christened.

一方、自らに実子が無いことを理由として秀秋を養子に申し受けたいと秀吉に懇請した。
At the same time, he petitioned Hideyoshi to let him adopt Hideaki because he didn't have any biological children.

命運の尽きたことを悟った盛政は、自ら直接秀吉に対面したいので引き渡すよう言った。
Knowing that his life was drawing to an end, Morimasa asked them to hand him over to Hideyoshi to meet Hideyoshi face-to-face.

大庭景親はなおも怪しみ自ら洞窟に入ろうとするが、景時は立ちふさがり、詰め寄った。
Kagechika OBA still had his suspicions and was about to enter the cave, but Kagetoki stood in his way and said.

軍事面においては、当主自らではなく一族の主なものを、名代として派遣する例が多い。
In military affairs, there were many cases of a major family member being dispatched as myodai (a substitute) to combat areas instead of the family head.

）朝鮮出兵の際には幼い元忠に代わり、自ら1500人の兵を率いて李氏朝鮮へ渡った。
In the event of the invasion of Korean Peninsula during Yi Dynasty, Motokiyo himself led 1500 soldiers and crossed the sea in place of the young Mototada.

雄足は、非常に多くの仕事をこなし、かつ、自らの私田の経営をも積極的に行っていた。
Otari carried out a sizable amount of work and was actively involved in the management of his own rice paddy.

「武士たる者は、政府の援助など当てにしてはならない。自らの力で自立するものだ。」
Samurai must not depend on the government assistance: samurai should support themselves.'

頼朝の死因を自らが滅ぼした源義広、義経、行家、安徳天皇の亡霊によると記している。
It states death of Yoritomo was an act of apparition of Emperor Antoku, MINAMOTO no Yoshihiro, Yoshitsune and Yukiie, whom he destroyed.

慶長3年（1598年）、秀吉は自らの死の直前になって三井寺の再興を許可している。
In 1598, just before his death, Hideyoshi approved restoration of Mii-dera Temple.

また、守護大名自らも国内に対して守護役として夫役・雑物・段銭などを課していった。
Shugo daimyo themselves also imposed Buyaku (labor service), zomotsu (a kind of tax), and tansen as shugoyaku (taxation on shugo) in the province.

子どもを甘やかして育てたことで、ステラは後に自ら災いを招くことになってしまった。
In spoiling her child, Stella made a rod for her own back in the years that were to follow.

君らは自らの責任において、自らの良心に照らし合わせ、決定を下さなくてはならない。
You must make decisions about your responsibility in the light of your conscience.

――は、主人が自ら行動予定をやぶって、普通でない時間に現れたことに非常に驚いた。
was more than surprised to see his master guilty of the inexactness of appearing at this unaccustomed hour.

政敵を無慈悲に取り扱ったため、自らの同盟と不和になった（1318年−1389年）
he alienated his political allies by his ruthless treatment of his opponents (1318-1389)

（だれかまたは自らに）が（もの、特に麻酔薬に）依存するようになることを引き起こす
to cause (someone or oneself) to become dependent (on something, especially a narcotic drug)

自らの事業に関して自らの貨物を継続して貨物輸送事業者に輸送させることをやめたとき。
The specified consigner, in connection with its business activity, has ceased to continuously have freight carriers transport its freight; or

三宝院庭園は、この醍醐の花見に際して、豊臣秀吉が自らが基本設計を行ったものである。
Sanboin Garden was basically designed by Hideyoshi himself when the cherry blossom-viewing party at Daigo was held.

天台宗の最澄は、自らの宗派を「天台法華宗」と名づけて「法華経」を至上の教えとした。
Saicho, of the Tendai sect, named his sect the 'Tendai Hokke sect' and regarded the Hokke-kyo sutra as the supreme dharma.

自我意識が残る限り成仏は不可能とすれば、自我意識の払拭は自己自らでは不可能となる。
Assuming that it is impossible to attain Buddhahood as long as there is ego-consciousness, it will be impossible to remove the ego-consciousness by oneself.

そこで鑑真自ら渡日することを決意し、それを聞いた弟子21人も随行することとなった。
Then, he resolved to travel to Japan himself, accompanied by 21 of his disciples who had heard their master's resolution.

原本は筆者の宗二が所持していたのであり、それを自ら複写した転写本が諸方へ流布した。
The original book was owned by Soji, who was the author, and transcription books transcribed by Soji himself were distributed to different sectors.

父・霊元法皇を抑える形で自ら院政を開始するが、その後まもなく天然痘にかかって崩御。
He started his cloistered government to stop his father, the Cloistered Emperor Reigen ruling the government, however, he had smallpox and died soon after that.

さらに東殿を建設し、邸内に自らの墓所として三重の塔を中心とした安楽寿院を造営する。
He constructed Higashi-dono, and further, and Anrakuju-in around a three-storied pagoda as the center for his own grave in the villa.

鳥羽上皇も安楽寿院に本御塔と新御塔の２つの塔を造営し、本御塔を自らの墓所と定めた。
Retired Emperor Toba also made two towers of Honmito (pagoda) and Shinmito (pagoda) in Anrakuju-in and decided the former pagoda as his grave.

大正天皇との夫婦仲は至って良好で、慣例を打ち破って夫の身辺の世話を自ら見たという。
The Emperor Taisho and the Empress Teimei lived happily together as husband and wife, and the Empress Teimei seemed to break with Imperial court custom, as she took if upon herself to look after her husband's needs.

永らくの空位が天下の煩いになると思い悩んだ太子は互譲に決着を期すべく、自ら果てた。
Afterward, Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko was worried the prolonged vacancy on the Imperial Throne could lead to the disaster of the nation; then he finally decided taking his own life to settle the issue on the Imperial Throne.

義明は武勇に優れ、自ら陣頭で指揮するなど奮戦し、一時は北条・足利軍を大いに押した。
With his great military prowess, Yoshiaki took command and fought so bravely at the front of the battle that his army overwhelmed the allied forces of the Hojo and the Ashikaga for a while.

守護は、前述の在庁官人を含む領国内の国人層を被官化し、自らの統制下へ置こうとした。
Shugo tried to control the kokujin stratum including the aforementioned zaichokanjin in their territories by using the method of 'Hikanization.'

その威光を背景に対外勢力の侵略を防いだり、自らの支配権の正当化が図られたのである。
In this case, they protected themselves from outside enemies or justified their ruling authority based on their positions.

飲料水の欠乏により淡水補給のため、自らボートに乗りこみ水を求めに陸に向かっていた。
To supply fresh water against shortage of drinkable water, Inoue himself boarded a small boat from the Japanese warship Unyo and was approaching the land.

中大兄皇子は子麻呂らが入鹿の威を恐れて進み出られないのだと判断し、自らおどり出た。
Prince Naka no Oe jumped out thinking Komaro was too frightened of Iruka to carry out the plan.

これは吉良出身の作家の尾崎士郎が自らの随筆『吉良の塩』の中で唱えていたものである。
It was discussed in the book 'Kira no Shio' (Kira's Salt) written by an author named Shiro OZAKI who was from Kira.

5月に三条上皇が崩御すると、それから程ない8月、敦明親王は自ら東宮辞退を申し出た。
Soon after Ex-Emperor Sanjo passed away in May, Prince Atsuakira made a request in August to resign from being the Crown Prince.

自ら厨房に立ち料理を振舞うなどしながらそこで使用する食器や料理を自ら創作していた。
As well as cooking and serving the food himself, he produced his own dinnerware and recipes.

そして頼家の後継者にその弟に当たる源実朝を擁して自身は自ら執権職に就いたのである。
He then enthroned the younger brother of the former shogun, Yoriie, as the successor and installed himself as the shogunal regent.

妻子が戻ったことに力を得た将門は朝廷に対して自らの正当性を訴えるという行動に出る。
Masakado, having been rejuvinated by the return of his wife and children, took the action of proclaiming his legitimacy to the Imperial Court.

光広は和歌にも書道にも秀で、特に古筆の鑑識に長けており、自ら古筆の蒐集もしていた。
Mitsuhiro was excellent at 31-syllable Japanese poems and calligraphy, especially skilled at appraisal of old writings and collected them by himself.

さらに家治に付けた小姓などにも自ら養育を施し、後継者体制を万全なものにしたという。
Furthermore, Yoshimune is said to have trained by himself the page boys assigned for Ieharu and tried to secure a perfect structure for successor.

自ら設立し校長を務めた麻布中学校の箱根への遠足の数日後、脳溢血で死亡（80歳没）。
Several days after he embarked on a school trip in his capacity as a principal of the junior high school he established in Azabu, taking his students to Hakone, he died of cerebral apoplexy at the age of 80.

これを憲実の反逆と見た持氏は討伐の兵を差し向け、自らも武蔵国府中高安寺に出陣する。
Mochiuji understood this as Norizane's rebellion, so he sent army to put down Norizane and he led army to Koan-ji Temple, Fuchu, Musashi Province by his own.

高い志を持ち、創造のためには自らに妥協を許さなかった久重は以下の言葉を残している。
Hisashige, who had high motives and did not concede for his invention, left a following lesson.

守屋は自ら寺に赴き、胡床に座り、仏塔を破壊し、仏殿を焼き、仏像を海に投げ込ませた。
Moriya went to a temple and sat on the agura (a special stool) forcing people to destroy a Buddhist pagoda, burn down the Buddha hall, and throw Buddha statues into the ocean.

また17歳頃から、自らの俳号を「茅舎」と名乗り始め、父とともに句作するようになる。
Also, at around 17 years of age, he began using 'Bosha' as his haiku pen name and writing haiku poems with his father.

川崎は美術愛好家として高名であっただけでなく、自ら美術品の製作にも乗り出している。
Kawasaki was not only well known for being an art lover but also for creating artworks of his own.

その篆刻は豪放磊落な作風で知られ、高芙蓉の正統の流れを汲み、自らその五世と称した。
Kanzan's Tenkoku was known for its dynamic style following the orthodox school of Fuyo KO, and he proclaimed himself as Fuyo KO the fifth.

「画聖」雪舟、「画狂」葛飾北斎、「画鬼」河鍋暁斎に続くべく、自ら「画強」と名乗る。
With the intention of following 'Gasei (painting saint)' Sesshu, 'Gakyo (painting lunatic)' Hokusai KATSUSHIKA, and 'Gaki (painting demon)' Kyosai KAWANABE, he called himself 'Gakyo (painting strength).'

宣教師と共にやってきた外国兵を受け入れ、国籍を問わず、自らの兵として登用していた。
Nobunaga accepted foreign soldiers who came with missionaries and adopted them as his own soldiers.

その際に、身元が割れないようにするべく、自ら散々に顔面を傷つけた上で果てたという。
It is said that he heavily damaged his own face to conceal his identity before he expired.

附法状－俊じょうが死の前月、弟子の心海に自らの法を嗣いだ証明として書き与えたもの。
Fuhojo - Written by Shunjo in the last month before his death as proof that he passed his teachings onto his student Shinkai.

日秀は現在滋賀県近江八幡市にある瑞龍寺 (近江八幡市)を、自らの菩提寺としていた。
Zuiryu-ji Temple in modern-day Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture was dedicated by Nisshu to pray for her own soul following her death.

奥州藤原氏は「鎮守府将軍」の地位を獲得し自らの居所を「柳の御所」「柳営」と称した。
The Oshu Fujiwara clan secured the position of 'Chinjufu Shogun' and called their own residence 'Yanagi no Gosho' or 'Ryuei.'

それにより、自らの統治機構が律令制に基づく公的性格を帯びる意義を持ったことによる。
This event had such significance that his own governing system took on a formal attribute based on the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).

王の前で自ら高ぶってはならない、偉い人の場に立ってはならない。 (箴言 25:6)
Don't exalt yourself in the presence of the king, or claim a place among great men; (Proverbs 25:6)

これらのことは、私たちがへりくだり、むなしい栄光から自らを守るのに役立つからです。
For these things help us to be humble, and shield us from vain-glory.

そののち罪障消滅のため、大般若一部六十巻を自ら書いて納経しました。」とのことである。
To erase her sins, she wrote part of the 60-volume Daihannya (Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra) by herself and gave them to the temple.'

彼は自らを周公から孔子への学統を継ぐものと自認し、六経の続編という「続経」を作った。
He acknowledged himself as a successor of a strain of learning from the Duke of Zhou to Koshi, and created 'The Next Classic' a continuation of the Rikkei.

そのように、調理技術は未発達で、貴族達は食べる料理に自ら塩や酢などで調味をしていた。
In this way, cooking methods did not develop well and nobles seasoned their dishes with salt and/or vinegar by themselves.

言うまでもなく反動は強烈であり、射手は射撃時に自ら転がる事で反動を吸収する程である。
It goes without saying that the recoil is very strong; when firing, the shooter has to roll over to absorb the recoil.

自らの尾を食う魚や、2匹の魚や龍が珠を争う姿などを図案化した鈴のような形をしている。
It looks like a bell which is designed from a fish eating its own tail, or two fishes and a dragon competing for a gem.

大名家の常として当主自らが茶道を伝承することはなく、茶堂より伝授を受けるのであった。
As the tradition of the daimyo (feudal lord) families, the instructions in tea ceremony were passed down by the sado and not by the lord himself.

自ら食べ物を要求し、これを拒むと患者を高熱で苦しめたり、大声で悪口を叫んだりもする。
It demands food itself, and when it is rejected, it tortures the host with a high fever or hurls verbal abuse in a loud voice.

設立第1作『桜御殿』はマキノ真三自らが監督、宮城千賀子が主演、脚本に八尋不二を起用。
The first film produced was 'Sakura Goten' directed by Shinzo MAKINO, starred Chikako MIYAGI with a screenplay by Fuji YAHIRO.

なお代役は自らの型を捨てて、休演している役者とまったく同じ型を演じなければならない。
The substitute must throw away his own style, and perform in exactly the same style with the initial actor.

なお、旧制では式年祭には、天皇自ら神武天皇陵へ行幸して参拝することが定められていた。
Under the old system, it was speculated that the emperor himself visits the mausoleum of Emperor Jinmu on shiki nen sai for worshipping.

天武天皇が自らの死後に壬申の乱のような皇位継承争いが起こることを恐れたためとされる。
Emperor Tenmu is considered to have made the above arrangements for fear that a succession struggle like the Jinshin War would occur after his death.

細川家伝来の多数の美術品や自らの収集品などを収蔵した財団法人永青文庫を開設している。
He established Eisei Bunko Foundation that stored many art works passed down in the Hosokawa family and his own collections.

また、秀吉自身は京を活動の拠点とし茶の湯を始めとする文化活動を自らも積極的に行った。
Hideyoshi based his activities in Kyoto and directly and aggressively engaged in cultural activities such as tea ceremony, etc.

義経は自ら数騎を率いて追撃、院御所門前で義仲を追い払い、後白河法皇の確保に成功する。
Yoshitsune personally led several samurai warriors to chase and drive away Yoshinaka from the front gate of the imperial palace, and succeeded in securing the safety of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.

各権利主体は自らの権利の所在を自ら券契や安堵状などにより証明しなければならなかった。
Each entitled party had to prove the existence of their ownership by himself using kenkei (deed of title to one's property such as a land) or an andojo (a letter of certification of one's land).

略奪した物資は、補償すべき損失や未進に充てられたり、自らの富として蓄積されたりした。
The plundered goods were used as substitutes for the lost goods or undelivered goods for which they had to compensate, or were used for accumulating their wealth.

富豪層も自らの私営田を院宮王臣家へ寄進して荘園とし、国衙への納税回避を図っていった。
Persons in the rich and powerful class contributed their private land to Ingu oshinke as manors to avoid tax obligation to kokuga.

この結果、恩賞の仲介者であった武士自らが恩賞の授与権者の地位を獲得するようになった。
Consequently, the samurai who were originally mediators of rewards came to acquire the position of reward-giver.

未だ建設途上の大坂の町は全く無防備で、人々は紀州勢の破壊を恐れて自ら家宅に放火した。
The town of Osaka which was under construction was totally undefended, so that people put fire to their houses, fearing the destruction by the Kishu army.

しかも配分に当たって大石自らは分配金受け取りを辞退したので、藩士たちの支持を集めた。
Moreover, Oishi gained their support since he declined to receive a dividend.

そこで源氏は自ら大宮の見舞いに参上し、大宮とやってきた内大臣に玉鬘の素性を明かした。
So Genji visited Omiya on his own initiative, and he confessed to her and the Minister of the Palace who Tamakazura was.

自らの手で元服を行い、奥州藤原氏宗主、鎮守府将軍藤原秀衡を頼って陸奥国平泉に下った。
He celebrated his attainment of manhood (genpuku) by himself, and went down to Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province counting on the protection of Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense in the North) FUJIWARA no Hidehira, who was the head of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan.

危篤の際には自ら経帷子を縫い、利家に着せようとするまつ（芳春院）が次のように言った。
When Toshiie fell into a critical condition, Matsu (Hoshunin) who sewed up a kyokatabira (shroud) in person and was about to get him into it said as follows.

死去する1か月前の2月、謙信は京都から画家を呼び寄せて自らの肖像画と後姿を描かせた。
In March 1578, a month before his death, Kenshin summoned an artist from Kyoto to make a self portrait and also a painting of his back.

（切腹しなお、自らのはらわたを引きちぎり、敵に投げつけたという、壮絶な逸話がある）。
(There is a heroic anecdote about him that he pulled his gut off and threw it to the enemy even after committing seppuku.)

1370年代ごろから自らの一座を率い醍醐寺での演能など、京都周辺へも進出していった。
In about 1370, he organized his own company and brought his group to perform at Daigo-ji Temple, in faraway Kyoto City.

当然、房定は顕定を全面的に支援して長享2年（1488年）には自ら関東に出陣している。
Needless to say, Fusasada fully backed Akisada and went to the Kanto region to go to battle in 1488.

伏見の別邸は俊綱自ら造園を行い、「風流勝他、水石幽奇也」（『中右記』）と賞賛された。
Toshitsuna himself designed the garden of his second residence in Fushimi. which was highly praised in 'Chuyuki' (diary of FUJIWARA no Munetada) as 'a graceful garden with simple elegant water and stones.'

その様子を目にして自らの非才を覚り、親友の源成信とともに園城寺にて出家して遁世する。
He saw the situation and realized his incapacity, so he entered the priesthood with his best friend MINAMOTO no Narinobu in Enjo-ji Temple and secluded himself from the world.

上洛のとき、「甲陽軍鑑」において、次のようなことを信玄自らが述べたという記述がある。
In `Koyo Gunkan,' it is stated that Shingen stated as follows.

1876年図書縦覧室を設け、創立者である新島襄が自らの書籍を公開、貸し出しを開始。
1876: A reading room was established and Joseph Hardy Neesima (Joe NIIJIMA), the founder of the university, opened his collection of books to the students, beginning to lend them out.

だが、上代日本語の意味としては、「自ら火を出して燃えている」といった方が妥当である。
However, it is more appropriate to interpret it as 'the god burning by itself emitting fire' in ancient Japanese.

大神神社の由緒では、大国主神が自らの和魂（にきみたま）を大物主神として祀ったとある。
The history of Omiwa-jinja Shrine says that Okuninushi no kami enshrined his own Nikimitama as Omononushi-no-mikoto.

まずは自ら見本を示す。そういった率先垂範の気持ちがなければ誰も君には付いてこないよ。
You have to think of the example you're setting. You'll never be able to lead if you don't set an example worth following.

買う者は、「悪い、悪い」という、しかし去って後、彼は自ら誇る。 (箴言 20:14)
'It's no good, it's no good,' says the buyer; but when he is gone his way, then he boasts. (Proverbs 20:14)

そして自分の書いたものについて自ら語ることで、ほかの人たちの判断をゆがめたくもない。
and I do not wish to forestall the judgments of others by speaking myself of my writings;

というのも、彼ら自ら引き起こした以外には、王国には騒乱が起こらなかったのですから。
for there were no tumults raised in the kingdom except those they provoked themselves.

定期的に自らを焼き殺して、その灰の中から新しい身体となって蘇る、アラビアの伝説上の鳥
a legendary Arabian bird said to periodically burn itself to death and emerge from the ashes as a new phoenix

一説には天武天皇が壬申の乱の戦勝祈願の礼として伊勢神宮に自らの皇女を捧げたといわれる。
A theory holds that Emperor Tenmu presented his own imperial princess to the Ise-jingu Shrine as gratitude for victory in the Jinshin War.

菊池寛が自ら試験問題を作成して募集した文藝春秋の入社試験に、この作者を問う問題がある。
The question to answer this author appeared in the recruitment examination of Bungeishunju Ltd. which Kan KIKUCHI himself prepared the questions for recruiting.

特に10代藩主溝口直諒は茶道に傾倒し、奥伝を受けて自ら越後怡渓派を名乗るほどであった。
The tenth lord of the domain, Naoaki MIZOGUCHI, in particular, was fascinated by the tea ceremony, receiving esoteric instruction and taking the name Echigo-Ikei-ha.

そこで彼らは自らの荘園をさらに権門層に寄進し、保護を求める代わりに一定の税収を納めた。
Hence, they donated their own lands to the Kenmonso (gateway-of-power class) and paid certain tax revenues to have them protect the lands.

そこで、学識に優れた玄宗自らが公定の注釈書を作成して事態の収拾を図ろうとしたのである。
As a distinguished scholar, Genso himself tried to settle the situation by forming an official commentary.

自らの属する集団に自発的に献身する「集団主義」が、日本人同士のつながり方を特徴づける。
The relationships between Japanese people are characterized by 'groupism;' Japanese spontaneously devote themselves to the group which they belong to.

1月10日には自らを征夷大将軍に任命させた（後世の編纂史料『吾妻鏡』『百錬抄』による。
On January 10th, he appointed himself as Seii Taishogun (according to 'Azuma Kagami' and 'Hyakurensho' historical records compiled later.

頼朝は激怒して牧宗親を詰問し、自らの手で宗親の髻（もとどり）を切り落とす恥辱を与えた。
Yoritomo was enraged and after questioning Munechika MAKI, disgraced him by ordering him to cut off his top-knot with his own hands.

自らの意思を封じ込め調整役に回らざるを得ない立場が、彼の温厚な性格を形成したといえる。
He had to contain himself and served as a coordinator, and this probably contributed to the formation of his mild and quiet personality.

平家敗戦後に宗盛は自らこの説を認め、平家の血筋でないことを理由に命乞いをしたとされる。
Reportedly, after the defeat of the Taira family, Munemori admitted this and pleaded for his life using the reasoning that he was not a blood member of the Taira family.

また、光圀が大日本史を編纂し、綱吉が自ら易経を講じるなど、類似した方向性を持っていた。
Additionally, they had similar tastes, for example Mitsukuni compiled 'Dainihonshi' (Great History of Japan) and Tsunayoshi gave lectures on the 'I Ching.'

幕政をほとんど主導せず、松平定信や松平信明らの幕閣に任せて自らは大奥に入り浸っていた。
Ienari spent most of his time in O-oku and played virtually no part in the administration of the bakufu, instead leaving such duties to his cabinet members, including Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA and Nobuaki MATSUDAIRA.

翌・天正13年（1585年）、秀吉自ら越中征伐に乗り出し、富山城を10万の大軍で包囲。
In the next year, 1585, Hideyoshi started to conquest Ecchu by himself and surrounded the Toyama-jo Castle with his large 100 thousand army.

この地域は明治の初めまで川勝寺村と呼ばれ、住民の多くは自らを河勝の子孫と認識していた。
This area was called Senshoji Village until the early Meiji period and most residents knew that they were descendants of Kawakatsu.

忌部首と中臣大島は自ら筆をとって記録したと特に記され、中心執筆者であったことがわかる。
It is noted with emphasis that INBE no Kobito and NAKATOMI no Oshima took up the writing process by themselves, making it clear that they were the central composers of the chronicles.

最後は自ら作った自由党の党員にも伊藤博文の作った政友会に走られ、寂しい晩年を過ごした。
Even members of the Liberal Party that Itagaki himself created left him to switch to the Seiyukai Party established by Hirobumi ITO, leaving Itagaki to live solitarily in his last years.

その結果、辰斯王は自らの家臣に暗殺されたため、甥の阿莘王を王位につけ、帰国したという。
He returned home after placing Asin-wang a nephew of Jinsa-wang to replace him after he was assassinated by one of his vassals as a result.

大変有能な助監督として知られ、特に自ら志願して就いた黒澤明と川島雄三には可愛がられた。
He was known as a very efficient assistant director and especially Akira KUROSAWA and Yuzo KAWASHIMA, who were film directors he desired to assist, treated him kindly.

だが、追跡を命じられた沖田総司（藤原竜也）の姿を見かけると山南は自ら名乗り出てしまう。
When YAMANAMI happened to see Soji OKITA (Tatsuya FUJIWARA) who was assigned to pursue him, YAMANAMI identified his name by himself.

自らの身に「神おろし」をして神の言葉（神託）を伝える役目の人物を指すことが通例である。
It commonly refers to a person who had the responsibility of conveying a divine message (oracle) after having 'gods fallen' into his or her own body.

賢い者は災を見て自ら避け、思慮のない者は進んでいって、罰をうける。 (箴言 22:3)
A prudent man sees danger, and hides himself; but the simple pass on, and suffer for it. (Proverbs 22:3)

あなたがたの煽動者どもは、自ら不具になるがよかろう。 (ガラテヤ人への手紙 5:12)
I wish that those who disturb you would cut themselves off. (Galatians 5:12)

ただ、明らかに自らが招いて、自分の身にふりかかったのろいを不安に感じているようだった。
who was evidently uneasy at the curse he had brought upon himself.

主人の気まぐれもボンベイで終わるだろうというはかない見通しでもって、自らを慰めていた。
and consoled himself with the delusion that his master's whim would end at Bombay.

自らの活動に「法王大聖釈迦牟尼仏の本旨に基づく仏教」という意味で「法王教」の名を冠した。
He called his activities 'Hoo-kyo,' meaning 'Buddhism based on Hoo Daisho Shakamunibutsu's true heart.'

他にも、観世音菩薩、勢至菩薩なども、自らの成仏とはかかわりなく、活動を続ける菩薩である。
Additionally, Kanzeon Bosatsu and Seishi Bosatsu are Bosatsu who work without regard to becoming Buddhas.

このとき親王は自ら筆を取り、「郡仙山」の字を揮毫して額字を作らせ、山門に掲示させている。
At this time, the priestly Imperial Prince took up an ink brush and wrote the name 'Gunsenzan' in Chinese characters; he had disciples make the letters in the frame and had them hung at the Sanmon gate.

善いことをしようにも、実際には自らの善悪の基準でしかなく、本質的な善悪の判断基準がない。
Even when trying to do good deeds, it was not just a matter knowing the criteria for good and bad but, in essence there was no set basis of judgment of good or evil.

さらに自らの働きもしくは行によっては往生は成就しないということをも意味しているとされる。
Furthermore it is thought to mean that Birth in the Pure Land would not be accomplished by one's own work or acts.

自己の空無なる事を悟るためには、修行している事に「自らが」という立場があってはならない。
For one to understand that he is empty and nothing, the state of 'ego' should not exist while one is in training.

そして、華道をする事によって、自らの心を安定させるというのが思想として受け継がれている。
And then, the philosophy was succeeded by later generations into the thought that people may tranquilize their minds by practicing the flower arrangement.

可江集（かこうしゅう）は市村羽左衛門 (15代目)が自らの当たり芸を十二種選定したもの。
Kakoshu refers to twelve programs selected by Uzaemon ICHIMURA the fifteenth for which he had gained a reputation.

『太平記』によると、武芸を好み、日頃から自ら鍛練を積む極めて例が無い座主であったという。
According to 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace), he favored military art, and kept himself trained as a usual behavior, which was rare for a Tendai-zasu.

しかし政治的な役割は熾仁親王に託し、自らは表立った活動をしないまま議定職の廃止を迎えた。
However, he delegated political roles to Imperial Prince Taruhito without publicly performing the role himself, and the gijo post was abolished.

義朝の武力という切り札を得た信頼は、自らの妹と摂関家の嫡子・藤原基実の婚姻も実現させる。
Having obtained the ultimate trump card, Yoshitomo's military might, Nobuyori was able to marry his younger sister to FUJIWARA no Motozane, an heir in the Fujiwara branch of regents and advisors.

柴司は自らの職務を遂行したのみであったが、自ら犠牲となる事で両者の関係悪化を食い止めた。
Although Tsukasa SHIBA merely did his duty, he prevented the relationship between the two clans from being damaged, despite it costing his life.

10月、自ら下赤坂城に火をかけて自害したように見せかけ、姿をくらませた（赤坂城の戦い）。
In October, he set fire to Shimo Akasaka -jo Castle by himself and pretended to commit suicide, and then vanished (the battle of Akasaka-jo Castle).

長政は戦場に到着すると直ちに東方の高地に上がって自ら敵情を偵察し、乃ちその隊の部署を改め
When Nagamasa arrived at the battlefield, he immediately went up the high ground on the eastern side and inspected the enemy's status, whereupon he changed the formation of his troops.

公使館が焼失し(公使自ら火を放つ)、日本人10数人が殺害される事態となった(壬午事変)。
The legation was burnt down (because of fire set by the minister himself) and dozens of Japanese were killed (Jingo Incident).

大海人皇子は大友皇子を皇太子として推挙し自ら出家を申し出、吉野宮（奈良県吉野）に下った。
Prince Oama recommended Prince Otomo as Crown Prince and he told Emperor Tenchi that he wanted to be a monk and went to Yoshino no miya (Yoshino, Nara Prefecture).

大和民族は、自ら遣隋使や遣唐使を派遣し、中国大陸の進んだ技術や文化を貪欲に学んでいった。
The Yamato race learned the advanced arts and culture of the Chinese continent by dispatching Japanese envoys to Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty China.

国際法圏外であると自認することは、教案解決や条約改正のテーブルにつくことを自ら阻害した。
Having the understanding that China was outside of international law system made suppression of kyoan incidents or effort to revise unequal treaties difficult.

一方陰謀に関与しなかった土御門天皇は処罰対象ではなかったが、自ら望んで土佐に配流された。
However, Emperor Tsuchimikado, who had not taken part in the plot, was not subject to punishment but was exiled to Tosa at his own request.

鉄斎は多くの展覧会の審査員となったが、自らは一般の展覧会に出品することはあまりなかった。
He often served as judge at art contests, but he rarely submitted his work to contests.

結局、広相を罷免し、天皇が自らの誤りを認める詔を発布することで決着がついた（阿衡事件）。
In the end, Mototsune had Hiromi dismissed, and the whole issue was resolved when the Emperor himself issued an Imperial Rescript admitting his mistake (the Ako incident).

江藤新平と島義勇が佐賀の乱で挙兵した際に、直ちに自ら鎮台兵を率いて遠征、瓦解させている。
When Shinpei ETO and Yoshitake SHIMA raised an army in the Saga War, he made an expedition, leading soldiers in garrisons and suppressed the riot.

同年12月、「予が立場」でレジグナチオン（諦念）をキーワードに自らの立場を明らかにした。
In December, he made his position clear by using the English word 'resignation' in his piece 'Yogatachiba' (My position).

天正15年（1587年）、秀吉は自ら兵を率いて九州征伐に出陣し各地で島津軍を破っていく。
Hideyoshi led his army for conquest of the Kyushu region in 1587 and defeated Shimazu's army in various places.

晩年になっても先代徳川家治の息子徳川家基の命日に自ら参詣するか、若年寄を代参させていた。
Even in his later days, Ienari either made personal pilgrimages or had a wakadoshiyori (a high government official) visit the tomb of Iemoto TOKUGAWA, the son of the previous shogun Ieharu TOKUGAWA, on the anniversary of his death.

これは、代替わり（自らの死）による家の衰退（後継者達の能力不足）を見越した判断であった。
These were decisions Motonari made in anticipating his family's decline (i.e., his successors' lack of competence) under the new leadership (i.e., after his death).

しかし4年後には妻の甥にあたる河原崎蝠次郎に河原崎権之助を譲り、自らは市川三升を名乗る。
However, four years later he gave the name Gonnosuke KAWARASAKI to Fukujiro KAWARASAKI, his wife's nephew, and named himself Sansho ICHIKAWA.

大海人皇子はまず美濃国で兵を集めさせ、自らは24日に大和国の吉野宮を発って東に向かった。
At first, Prince Oama had ordered the build up of troops at Mino Province, and he himself departed from the Yoshinonomiya Imperial House of Yamato Province on the 24th and headed east.

自らも『パルヘイン解体書』『バルシトス解体書』を所有していたことが『解体新書』に見える。
According to 'Kaitai Shinsho', Junan had other books of anatomy written by Barfein and by Barsitos.

最後は基経が天皇に自らの誤りを認めさせる詔を出させて、藤原氏の権勢を示した（阿衡事件）。
Mototsune eventually forced the Emperor to release an Imperial edict admitting this error; this signified the power of the Fujiwara clan. (The Ako Incident)

しかし、それが原因で親から勘当され、その手切金で「無名映画協会」を設立し、自ら出演した。
As a result of this, however, he was disowned by his parents, but with the money he received from them, he founded Mumei Eiga Kyokai (production company) and featured himself.

シャンソン好きの中平は、『街燈』の主題歌を自ら作詞して旗照夫に歌わせた（作曲は佐藤勝）。
Nakahira, who loved chanson, wrote the words to the theme song of 'Gaito' and made Teruo HATA sing it (composed by Masaru SATO).

父の顕輔は、自らと年齢の近い清輔とは微妙な関係にあり、その分重家らに愛情深かったという。
It is said that his father Akisuke had a rather strained relationship with Kiyosuke, who was closer to his father in age and showed his love to Shigeie and his other children.

その中心には、田辺元の「種の論理」に対して、自ら提唱した「呼応の論理」が据えられている。
At the center of this was the 'logic of concord' that he proposed exists in opposition to Hajime TANABE's 'logic of species.'

各地で、金屋子神は、自ら村下（むらげ：鍛冶の技師長）となり、鍛冶の指導を行ったとされる。
It is said that Kanayago-kami voluntary become Murage (a chief engineer in metal forging) in various places and taught the art of metal forging there.

賢い者は災を見て自ら避け、思慮のない者は進んでいって、罰をうける。 (箴言 27:12)
A prudent man sees danger and takes refuge; but the simple pass on, and suffer for it. (Proverbs 27:12)

自らその男の手中に陥りますから。あなたの意見を聞くためにプラハからひそかに来たのです。」
I have come incognito from Prague for the purpose of consulting you.'

そうかと思うと、赤シャツのようにコスメチックと色男の問屋をもって自ら任じているのもある。
or like Red Shirt, self-satisfied in the belief of being the wholesaler of gallantry and of cosmetics.

十六桜は自らのものではない命―少なくとも、もとはそれ自らの命ではなかった―をもって咲く。
But the Jiu-roku-zakura blossoms with a life that is not -- or, at least, that was not originally -- its own.

しかし、自らを恃みしかも力を行使できるなら、危険にさらされることは、ほとんどありません。
but when they can rely on themselves and use force, then they are rarely endangered.

そうすることで、順調なときは自らの名誉とし、逆境のときは彼らを恐れる必要もなくなります。
and thus, whilst in prosperity you honour yourself, in adversity you have not to fear them.
and thus, whilst in prosperity you honour them, in adversity you do not have to fear them.

ただし、表意者に重大な過失があったときは、表意者は、自らその無効を主張することができない
provided, however, that the person who made the manifestation of intention may not assert such nullity by himself/herself if he/she was grossly negligent

中でも自らの悟りの機縁となった「隻手の声」と「狗子仏性」の問いを、公案の第一に位置づけた。
He regarded the questions 'Sekishunokoe' (the sound of one hand clapping) and 'Kushibussho' (a question asking whether it is possible for a dog to have the Buddha nature or not), which enlightened him, as the most important of all the koan.

日本の書道史の用語で、皇族、貴族らが歌会などで自らの詠歌を一定の書式に則って清書した用紙。
This is a term used in Japanese calligraphy history studies, and it refers to paper that Imperial family members and nobles used to make clean copies of their poems according to certain rules at poem parties.

その年の新穀を天皇が神に捧げ、天皇自らも食す新嘗祭のことを、古くは「毎年の大嘗」と称した。
The Niiname-sai Festival, in which an emperor devotes the Shinkoku (the first crop of the year) to the God and also eats it himself, was called 'Yearly daijo' in ancient times.

寛文7年（1667年）乱心して正室の水野監物忠善の娘に傷を負わせ、自らも自害しようとする。
In 1667, he went mad and wounded his lawful wife, MIZUNO kenmotsu Tadayoshi's daughter, and tried to kill himself.

そして自らの影響下にある京都市協議会名義で大会ごとに意見書を提出、本部批判の論陣を張った。
Then, in the name of the Kyoto City Council, which was under the influence of Asada himself, he submitted a written opinion in each meeting and put out an argument to accuse the headquarter.

この日の晩、諸将の諌めを押し切り、明朝、西郷は自ら陣頭に立ち、官軍と雌雄を決しようとした。
In the night of the same day, SAIGO overpowered admonishments by his military commanders and determined to stand at the front and take command of the Satsuma army by himself in the next morning to fight a decisive battle with the government army.

朝鮮に於ける本貫や族譜の役割は、両班が自らの家系の正統性や優秀性を証明する為の側面もある。
One of the roles of hongan or zokufu in Korea is for Yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) to prove the legitimacy and quality of their family lines.

浅野内匠頭の母方の従兄弟に当たる美濃国大垣藩主戸田氏定も自ら鉄砲州上屋敷へ駆けつけてきた。
The lord of Ogaki Domain in Mino Province Ujisada TODA, who was a maternal cousin of Asano Takumi no Kami, also came over to the Tepposhu Kamiyashiki.

井上自らが鹿鳴館の主人役を務め、華族・政府高官・外交団を集めて夜会などの行事を日夜開いた。
INOUE himself acted as host to Rokumeikan and held rites and festivals such as an evening party gathering the peerages, high officials of the government, and the diplomacy corps.

さらに、伴存はただ自らの調査結果に頼るのではなく、多くの文献を参照して客観性を与えている。
Tomoari was not totally relying on his own survey results but he also referred to other literature to give it objectivity.

この日、京都では天皇が諸臣を従えて自ら天神地祇の前で誓う形式で五箇条の御誓文が発布される。
On the same day in the Imperial Court of Kyoto, the Emperor accompanied by his retainers proclaimed in this 'sworn by God' declaration ceremony there before the 'gods of heaven and earth,' presenting 'the Imperial Covenant Consisting of Five Articles.'

カムヤイミミはこの失態を恥じ、弟のカムヌナカワミミに皇位を譲り、自らは神官となって仕えた。
Ashamed of his failure, Kamuyaimimi gave up the Imperial throne to his younger brother Kamununakawamimi and served as a Shinto priest.

北条氏は自らの出自を明らかにする系図も残せない程度の豪族であったと考えることも可能である。
It is also possible to hypothesize that the HOJO clan maintained local rule of a size neither large enough nor powerful enough to maintain a genealogical table by which to identify its ancestral origin.

三成は不正を極度に嫌い、情実も介さず、常に自らの信念に基づいて豊臣政権の行政を司っていた。
Mitsunari hated injustice and implemented the Toyotomi government on the basis of morality without personal consideration.

自らは室町時代の画家曾我蛇足の画系に属するとしているが、その頃、曾我派の画系は絶えている。
Shohaku claimed to follow the painting style of Jasoku SOGA, a painter from the Muromachi period, but the Soga school painting style had ceased to exist by that time.

11日の箱館総攻撃では、自ら少数の兵を率いて背後の箱館山を占領し、敵を五稜郭に追い込んだ。
During the general offensive on Hakodate on June 20, Kuroda commanded a small group of troops and occupied Mt. Hakodate to the rear before driving the enemy into Goryokaku.

舒明天皇の崩御後は、皇極天皇を擁立したが、山背大兄王の私民を使役して自らの墓所を作らせた。
While Emishi set the Emperor Kyogoku on the throne after the Emperor Jomei's demise, he employed the Prince Yamashiro no oe's private retainers to make his own graveyard.

三島は洋画家高橋由一を援助し、自らが作らせた建築物や都市の景観を絵に描かせて業績を誇った。
Mishima supported a Western-style painter Yuichi TAKAHASHI and made Yuichi paint pictures of architectures and view of the city that he constructed to pride himself on his achievements.

また、義家にくらべ武威に劣る義忠を軽んじ、自らが義忠に取って代わろうとする勢力も存在した。
Some also lacked respect for Yoshitada as he was not as influential a warrior as his father had been and so they devised a scheme to replace him.

自らはキリシタンではなかったが、清洲城主当時から一貫してキリシタン保護政策を堅持していた。
He was not a Christian, however, he consistently took a position to support the policy to protect Christians since the time when he was the lord of Kiyosu-jo Castle.

名陶亀山焼 (長崎)の発展に尽力し、自らも鉄翁祖門や木下逸雲らとともに絵付けを施している。
Kendo made a great contribution in developing Kameyama porcelain, and he himself left some hand-painting with Somon TETSUO and Itsuun KINOSHITA.

大田垣蓮月の歌友の一人であり、蓮月、桜木太夫とともに自らの身分を詠み合った歌が残っている。
She had a friendship with Rengetsu OTAGAKI through poetry, and there remains her poem in which she expressed her circumstances along with Rengetsu and Sakuragi Tayu..

田中六郎左衛門は京極家の者として死罪を免れ得たものの、自ら志願して同時に処刑されたという。
Reportedly, Rokuzaemon TANAKA could avoid death penalty as the vassal of the Kyogoku family, but he voluntarily submitted to be executed at the same time.

また、演技指導に関しては、積極的に自ら模範演技をしてみせ、プロの俳優はだしであったという。
When advising actors on their performance, he often showed them model performances, which put professional actors to shame.

しかし、政府軍は司令官の野津鎮雄自らが先頭に立って士卒を大いに励まし戦い辛うじて勝利する。
However, the government army commander Shizuo NOZU himself led the advance and encouraged his troops to a narrow victory.

これを好機と見た友照親子は1573年（元亀4）4月、惟長を追放し、自らが高槻城主となった。
Availing themselves of this opportunity, Tomoteru and his son ousted Korenaga and seized the lordship of Takatsuki-jo Castle in May, 1573.

篤胤は、学問をするにはまず何よりも自らの死後の魂の行方を知らなければならないと言い切った。
Atsutane said that one have to know whereabouts of one's soul after death before the pursuit of learning.

南朝の実務における中心人物であり、最後は後村上天皇を守るために自ら足利氏と戦って戦死した。
He was a key person who dealt with the actual practice and operation for the Southern Court; finally, he died in war fighting against the Ashikaga clan by himself to protect Emperor Gomurakami.

1900年なおの末娘・出口澄と養子結婚し入り婿となり、名前を自ら出口王仁三郎に改める。
In 1900, he married Sumi DEGUCHI, the youngest daughter of Nao, and became a son-in-law, and changed his name to Onisaburo DEGUCHI.

天皇は、神話的祖先である天照大神から万世一系の血統をつぐ神の子孫であり、自ら現人神である。
The Emperor is descended from the gods in an unbroken imperial line going back to the mythical ancestor, Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess), and he himself is an arahitogami.

1190年、頼朝は、右近衛大将（右大将）に任官され、自らの家政機関を政所として公認された。
In 1190 Yoritomo was appointed to Ukone no Daisho (Udaisho) and had his own organs of household government approved as government offices.

流罪以下の刑に処せられた場合、罪一等を減じた上で官当により自らの位記を返上して罪を贖った。
When a high-ranking official was sentenced to punishments less than exile, his sentence was always reduced by one degree; he could expiate his crime by giving up his title, which is, 'Kanto.'

例えばジャック・パインの松かさは、高温により影響を受けるまでは自ら開いて種子を放出しない。
The cones of the jack pine, for example, do not readily open to release their seeds until they have been subjected to great heat.

わたしは主の前に欠けた所なく、自らを守って罪を犯さなかった。 (サムエル記下 22:24)
I was also perfect toward him. I kept myself from my iniquity. (2 Samuel 22:24)

あざける者を戒める者は、自ら恥を得、悪しき者を責める者は自ら傷を受ける。 (箴言 9:7)
He who corrects a mocker invites insult. He who reproves a wicked man invites abuse. (Proverbs 9:7)

憎む者はくちびるをもって自ら飾るけれども、心のうちには偽りをいだく。 (箴言 26:24)
A malicious man disguises himself with his lips, but he harbors evil in his heart. (Proverbs 26:24)

ヒンドゥー教徒の寡婦の行為で、亡くなった夫を火葬する薪の上で、自らの意志で焼身自殺すること
the act of a Hindu widow willingly cremating herself on the funeral pyre of her dead husband

地方政府が、自らの管轄域で疑義のある法律を適応するかどうかを、一般投票によって決定する自由
freedom of a local government to determine by popular vote the applicability of a controversial law in their jurisdiction

実務は茶道師範に任せていることが大半であるが、中には大名自ら深く茶道を嗜んでいる事例もある。
Although the practical management of the tea ceremony was assigned to a tea ceremony instructor in most cases, there were some examples where the lord himself had profound knowledge of the tea ceremony.

こうして権勢を失った待賢門院は、翌康治元年（1142年）、自ら建立した法金剛院において落飾。
Thus Taikenmonin who lost her political power, went into Hokongo-in Temple which she had ordered built and shaved her head in 1142.

そのため、下級領主たちは自らの得分とすべく、様々な名目で地代を荘民から収取するようになった。
Therefore, to get their shares, the low grade lords collected the land rent under various pretexts from shomin (people of the manor).

義仲は入京した同盟軍の武将を周辺に配置して、自らは中心地である九重（左京）の守護を担当した。
Placing busho (military commanders) of the allied troops that had entered the capital on the outskirts of the capital, Yoshinaka took charge of guarding Kokonoe (Sakyo), the central area.

自らは兵13000を率いて更に南下を続け、犀川・千曲川を渡り善光寺平南部の妻女山に陣取った。
Leading 13,000 soldiers, he continued going further southward, crossed the Sai-gawa River and the Chikuma-gawa River, and set his front military base on Saijo-san Mountain in the southern part of Zenkoji-daira.

故に推敲が十分でなく、後で知った西は自らの名前を冠したこの本に対し非常な不満を漏らしている。
He expressed his strong dissatisfaction about the book with his name when he came to know the publication, because he could not elaborate the book.

昌泰3年（900年）参議に任じられるが奏請して、叔父の藤原清経と代わり、自らは右大弁となる。
In 900 he was appointed as a sangi (consultant), but he petitioned the Emperor and had his uncle FUJIWARA no Kiyotsune appointed to the post instead, so that he could then himself be appointed as the major controller of the right.

薫は中の君と匂宮を結婚させんことをはかり、自らはを大君に想いを告げるが彼女の返答はつれない。
Kaoru tries to arrange a marriage between Naka no Kimi and Niou Miya, while he himself confesses his love for Oigimi, but is refused.

一方「姫君」は主君女東宮に恋慕し密かに関係を結んで、それぞれ次第に自らの天性に苦悩し始める。
Meanwhile, the 'princess' falls in love with his master, a consort of the Emperor, and has relations with her, and both of them begin to agonize over their innate characteristics.

本来の性に戻った2人は、それぞれ自らの未来を切り開き、関白・中宮という人臣の最高位に至った。
After they get their original gender identities back, they carve out their future and attain their highest social positions respectively: He became Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), while she became Chugu (the second consort of the Emperor).

自らが目にした日本や中国の古今の名画を縮図として模写しており、現在まで膨大な量が残っている。
He has produced many landscapes of Japan and reproduced outstanding pictures of China, old and new, in miniature with a large number of these still remaining.

吉宗は家重のことは諦める代わりに、家治に期待を寄せ、自ら帝王学や武術などを教え込んだという。
Yoshimune is said to have given up the hope for Ieshige, but expected much of Ieharu and gave Ieharu good trainings in the study to become Shogun and martial art by himself.

例えば元禄4年3月22日（1691年）に初めて神田橋門の柳沢吉保邸に行った際自ら五番舞った。
For example, Tsunayoshi himself performed five sarugaku plays when he first visited Yoshiyasu YANAGISAWA's residence at the Kandabashi-mon Gate on April 20, 1691.

臼杵城に篭城する際に、宗麟はキリスト教徒もそうでない者も城に避難させ、自ら握り飯等を配った。
In besieging Usuki-jo Castle, Sorin evacuated Christians and others in the castle and provided them rice balls.

初め秀吉は自ら渡海する意思を持っていたが、利家は家康と共にその非なるを説き、思い止まらせた。
At first, Hideyoshi had an intention to cross the sea in person, but Toshiie and Ieyasu persuaded him that it should be a mistake, and made him change his mind.

松田元勝も自ら兵を率い御野郡笠井山に陣を定め、旭川 (岡山県)の牧石の河原で両軍は激突した。
Motokatsu MATSUDA personally led his troops and arranged his ranks at Kasaiyama in Mino County whereupon both armies clashed on the rock-strewn river bed of the Asahi-gawa River (Okayama Prefecture).

瀬田川は地勢上近江宮を守る最後の防衛線であり、大友皇子（弘文天皇）自ら群臣を従えて出陣した。
In the view of topography, Seta-gawa River is the last line of defence in protecting the Omi no miya, and Prince Otomo (later becoming Emperor Kobun) led a crowd of his retainers and fought the battle.

大海人皇子はまず美濃国で兵を集めさせ、自らは6月24日に大和国の吉野宮を発って東に向かった。
Prince Oama firstly ordered to gather troops in Mino Province, and Oama himself left Yoshino no miya (Yoshino Palace) of Yamato Province for the east on June 24 (in old lunar calendar).

義朝は義隆の首が敵の手に落ちぬよう、自ら堅田の湖（滋賀県大津市）に重しをつけて沈めたという。
So that Yoshitaka's head did not fall into the hands of the enemy, it is said that Yoshitomo purposely weighted the head and submerged it in a lake at Katada (Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture).

明治13年（1880年）4月13日、朝礼の際、自分の掌を杖で打ち、自らを罰して生徒に訓した。
At the morning assembly on April 13, 1880, Joe struck his own hand with a stick, instructing the students by punishing himself.

役の後、常陸国の有力豪族の常陸平氏（吉田一族）から妻を得て、その勢力を自らの勢力としていく。
After the war, he was able to marry a daughter of the Hitachi Taira clan (specifically, the Yoshida family), thereby making their strength his own.

さらに、自らも絲漢堂で学ぶかたわら35歳で私塾・思々斎塾を開き、緒方洪庵、億川百記らを輩出。
Moreover, besides learning at Shikan-do, he founded a private school, Shishisaijuku, at the age of 35, and produced Koan OGATA and Hyakki OKUGAWA and others.

戦国大名は、国人・被官層を家臣として組織化し、自らの本拠地周辺に集住させて城下町を形成した。
A daimyo in the sengoku period organized persons in the kokujin (local samurai) or hikan (low-level bureaucrats) class as his vassals and made them live around his base place to form a castle town.

もしあなたが、自らユダヤ人と称し、律法に安んじ、神を誇とし、 (ローマ人への手紙 2:17)
Indeed you bear the name of a Jew, and rest on the law, and glory in God, (Romans 2:17)

この誤解のためにスペインで、そして特にロシアで自らを破滅に導く戦争に突入していったのである。
and it is because he thus misunderstood it that he engaged in Spain, and notably in Russia, in conflicts in which his power received blows which were destined within a brief space of time to ruin it.

自ら仲間とともに東大寺において改めて授戒を行い、更に西大寺 (奈良市)に独自の戒壇を創設した。
He gave the Buddhist precepts at Todai-ji Temple in person again in collaboration with other like-minded priests, and also founded an original kaidan at Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City).

（法脈…法然⇒親鸞⇒如信⇒覚如、血統…親鸞⇒覚信尼⇒覚恵⇒覚如）自らを本願寺三世と位置づける。
(Religious line: Honen=>Shinran=>Nyoshin=>Kakunyo, bloodline: Shinran=>Kakushinni=>Kakue=>Kakunyo) He defined himself as the third head priest of Hongan-ji Temple.

それぞれが各々の得意をもって、自ら柱となり道となり、日本のワイン業界を盛り立てているのである。
Each winery has its own specialty and is willing to become a pillar or create a path to boost Japanese wine industry.

皇位へ即こうと目論む、悪党・清原武衡が、自らに反対する源義綱ら多人数の善良なる男女を捕らえた。
A villain, KIYOHARA no Takehira scheming to succeed to the throne, captures many good people who oppose him, such as MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna.

そのため、熾仁親王は血縁者が朝敵となった事を恥じて自ら東征大総督となる事を志願し、勅許を得た。
Therefore, Imperial Prince Taruhito felt shame about his relatives going against the Imperial Palace and he, himself, accepted the charter to become the Great Governor-General in charge of the military expedition to the east.

二・二六事件の際は昭和天皇が激怒し、「自ら鎮圧に行く」とまで主張したため、反乱軍は鎮圧された。
When the February 26th Incident occurred, because the Emperor Showa got enraged and insisted on going there himself to settle the situation, the rebels were subdued.

そのような中、異母兄の大山守皇子は自らが太子に立てなかったことを恨み、太子を殺そうと挙兵する。
On the other hand, Prince Oyamamori (大山守皇子), an older paternal half-brother, bore malice toward Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko since he was not chosen to be the Crown Prince himself; he raised his army against Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko to kill him.

信頼にしてみれば嫡男・信親と清盛の女の婚姻関係により、清盛も自らの協力者になると見込んでいた。
From Nobuyori's perspective, Kiyomori remained a potential ally who might cooperate, given their marriage ties (Nobuyori's son and heir Nobuchika was married to Kiyomori's daughter).

南北朝時代には室町幕府の守護が自らの家人に対して、官途状を発給し、事実上の官職の私称を許した。
In the period of Northern and Southern Courts, shugo of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) issued written appointments to their kenin, who were effectively allowed to call themselves governmental or provincial officers.

しかしこの時期の武士はまた、自らも田堵負名として軍人としての経済基盤を保証される存在であった。
However, samurai in this period were also tato or fumyo who were guaranteed an economical base as a solder.

立場の悪化を自覚した義仲はすぐに平氏追討に向かうことを奏上し、後白河は自ら剣を与え出陣させた。
Realizing that the situation was getting worse, Yoshinaka reported to the emperor that he was leaving to search and kill the Taira clan, and Goshirakawa had him depart by giving him a sword.

これを受けて、隆景は3月1日に自ら出発の準備を行い、まもなく隆景率いる毛利水軍が出陣してきた。
Then, Takakage prepared to leave by himself on May 31, 1585, and the Mori navy led by Takakage left for the front.

明人との交友があることから篆刻を学び自ら刻した可能性もあり、日本篆刻の先駆者のひとりとできる。
It can be said that he was one of the pioneers of tenkoku in Japan because he had friends from Ming, and it is possible that he learned the tenkoku and engraved his own.

切腹の場で藩士達は自らの腸を掴み出し、居並ぶフランス水兵に次々と投げつけるという行為を行った。
At the moment of seppuku, the retainers grabbed their own intestine out and threw it to the French sailors who watched them being executed.

1913年1月、護憲運動のさなか、桂は立憲政友会に対抗するため、自ら政党を結成した（桂新党）。
In January 1913, amid the Campaign for the Defense of the Constitution, Katsura established his own party (Katsura Shinto) to compete with the Seiyukai.

お目見得のあと将軍自らが「今の者の生年はいくつなのだ？随分幼くみえるな」と側近に感想を漏らした
After an audience with a young samurai, the shogun remarked to his close aids, 'What is his seinen? He seems still a child.'

しかし義持はその後、後継者を定めず自ら政務を執り続けたため、次代将軍は決まらないままであった。
However, Yoshimochi administered government affairs without nominating a successor, and the next shogun was not determined.

作者も、自らの歌人にあらぬことを明言し、生涯の軌跡を綴った自分のためのメモであると、序でいう。
The author also clearly says in the foreword that she herself is not a poet, and that this work was a note for herself that traced the path of her life.

2月28日、勝家は前田利長を先手として出陣させ、3月9日には自らも3万の大軍を率いて出陣した。
On February 28, Katsuie made Toshinaga MAEDA leave for fight and on March 9, he set off to war, subduing 30,000 troops by himself.

817年（弘仁8年）3月6日、菩薩戒を教授師として諸弟子に授けるとともに自らも大乗戒を受ける。
Once Ennin began to teach bosatsukai (bodhisattva precepts) and gain pupils, he received daijokai (Mahayana precepts) himself on March 6, 817.

しかし、江戸時代以前の沿革についての確証はなく、自らの正統性を主張する為のものとみられている。
However, there was no historical evidence that supports the family's history before the Edo period, and this story was probably created by themselves to appeal the legitimacy as a venerable family.

顕本寺を根拠地としていた三好氏の総帥・三好元長は、義維を阿波国へ逃がし、自らは自害して果てた。
Motonaga MIYOSHI, Sosui (commander-in-chief) of the Miyoshi clan setting up the base ground on Kenpon-ji Temple, let Yoshitsuna escape to Awa Province and killed himself.

40歳の明治36年（1903年）、特赦に浴し出獄、寄席の高座や舞台に立って自らの経歴を演じた。
After she was granted a special pardon and discharged from prison at the age of 40 in 1903, she played herself with her own career on koza (the stage on which a rakugo storyteller sits) of yose (storyteller theater) and other stages.

世襲の華族制度を否定し自ら「一代華族論」を主張し、全国の華族に書面にて賛否を問う活動を行った。
Denying the hereditary peerage system and insisting on the 'life-peer theory,' Itagaki led a campaign of sending letters to the peerage nationwide asking for the pros and cons on the argument.

生まれてすぐに母親を亡くし、その母の遺言で宗盛が乳母にも預けず、自ら片時も離さず育てたという。
His father, Munemori, took great care of Yoshimune, raising him all by himself without relinquishing him to the care of a nurse in keeping with Yoshimune's mother's will who died soon after his birth.

同年5月に失意の三条上皇が崩御すると、その3ヶ月後の8月に敦明親王は自ら東宮の辞退を申し出た。
In June of the same year, the Retired Emperor Sanjo died, and three months later, in August, Imperial Prince Atsuakira offered to resign as Togu.

隆季の妹は清盛の嫡子・平重盛の妻となっていたが、隆季も自らの嫡子・隆房の妻に清盛の娘を迎えた。
Takasue's younger sister was the wife of Kiyomori's biological son, TAIRA no Shigemori, and Takasue himself also took Kiyomori's daughter as the wife of his own biological son, Takafusa.

この際、自らが放った矢が敵方の左大臣藤原頼長の首筋に命中したという（その傷が元で頼長は落命）。
During this battle, it was said that an arrow which was shot by Shigesada hit exactly the back of the neck of FUJIWARA no Yorinaga who was sadaijin (minister of the left) on the enemy side (Yorinaga died because of this injury).

100人ほどの手勢しか率いていなかった信長であったが、初めは自ら槍を手に奮闘したとされている。
Nobunaga led only about 100 soldiers, but it is said that he fought with a spear by himself at first.

敵大名や一揆衆や自らの配下には苛烈であった信長だが、地味な内政や民心掌握に敏腕を発揮していた。
Although Nobunaga was severe against enemy daimyo, Ikki-shu and his followers, he showed his ability in unspectacular domestic administration and was able to grasp the people's heart.

これを見た武蔵は門人達を先に退却させ、自らがしんがりとなって、数百人の敵を打払いつつ退却した。
Then Musashi ordered disciples to withdraw, and he followed them fighting against the hundreds of the enemy.

律法を誇としながら、自らは律法に違反して、神を侮っているのか。 (ローマ人への手紙 2:23)
You who glory in the law, through your disobedience of the law do you dishonor God? (Romans 2:23)

自らの強さに基かない名声や権力ほど不確実で不安定なものはない、というのが賢者の意見や判断です。
And it has always been the opinion and judgment of wise men that nothing can be so uncertain or unstable as fame or power not founded on its own strength.

裁判官はいずれかの側からの異議申立てがあれば忌避され得る、また自らの判断で失格することもできる
a judge can be recused by objections of either party or judges can disqualify themselves

重源自らも中国で建築・土木技術を習得したといわれ、中国の技術者陳和卿の協力を得て職人を指導した。
It is said that Chogen himself also studied architecture and civil engineering in China, and he guided the construction workers with the cooperation of Chinese engineer CHEN Heqing.

70歳の時、10年に一度帰郷するという法度によって故国に戻り、自ら還俗を乞い、国人の許しを得る。
When Baisao was seventy, he returned to his native province under the law that one had to return once every ten years, and himself requested that he be allowed to return to secular life, obtaining permission to do so from the provincial authorities.

吉本自身は自らは創始者と呼ばれることを嫌い「わては内観のチンドン屋です」と講演などで話していた。
Yoshimoto hated to be called the founder of Naikan and said in his lectures, 'I'm just a showy advertiser of Naikan.'

続く用明天皇は仏教に対する関心が深く、死の床に臨んで自ら仏法に帰依すべきかどうかを群臣に尋ねた。
The next emperor, Yomei, was deeply interested in Buddhism and when he was dying he asked his retainers whether or not he should believe in Buddhism.

自らを京恋しさに雀と化してやって来た実方だと名乗り、自分のために誦経するようにと告げたのである。
The sparrow said that he was Sanekata having transmuted into a sparrow to come back to Kyoto and asked for chanting a sutra for him.

さらに、血縁の嫡庶遠近に関わらず功績のあった者のみに自らと同様、源姓使用を許す門葉として遇した。
Furthermore, regardless of how close or what the blood or maternal family relations were, he allowed only those who made achievements to use the family name of Minamoto in the same manner as himself.

即位直後におきた「阿衡事件」は、天皇を自らの傀儡にしたい基経と、若き天皇との主導権争いでもある。
A power struggle occurred after the young Emperor Uda was enthroned, when he and Yoshitsune, who wanted control over the Emperor, fought against each other in the 'Ako Affair.'

三条天皇の死後、その長子敦明親王は道長に無言の圧迫を掛けられ、ついに自ら東宮を辞退する挙に出た。
After Emperor Sanjo died, his eldest son Prince Atsuhira was indirectly pressured by Michinaga, and eventually he declined the position of Crown Prince on his own accord.

殷富門院亮子内親王（後白河天皇第一皇女）は自らの御所を仏寺とした蓮華光院に道尊を引き取り養育した
Inpumonin Imperial Princess Ryoshi (the first princess of Emperor Goshirakawa) took Doson in and brought him up in Rengeko-in Temple that was originally her home.

その後安康天皇は中蒂姫命を妃としたが、この一件によって、安康は自らの暗殺の原因を作ってしまった。
Afterwards, Emperor Anko made Princess Nakashi as his consort, but due to this affair, he created the cause for his own assassination.

一方、信長は29日に秀吉の応援に自ら出陣するため小姓を中心とする僅かの供回りを連れ安土城を発つ。
On the other hand, on May 29, Nobunaga departed from Azuchi-jo Castle with a small suite, mainly consisting of pages, to the front in order to support Hideyoshi.

その温厚な人柄もあって、花園は自らの置かれた立場を従順に受け入れ、むしろ量仁の養育に力を注いだ。
Since he also had a mild personality, Hanazono accepted his position and in fact spent much of his energy in nurturing Kazuhito.

アメリカ合衆国はポーツマス条約の仲介によって漁夫の利を得、満洲に自らも進出することを企んでいた。
The United States of America took advantage of its intermediary stance, and sought to advance its own ambitions in Manchuria.

将門は自ら先頭に立ち奮戦するが、いずくからか飛んできた矢が将門の額に命中し、あっけなく討死した。
While Masakado was leading his army to continue the fight against the allied forces, an arrow came from nowhere and hit him on the forehead, killing him instantly.

江戸時代初期の諸大名は、幕府の普請動員に応えるために、自らの領内の支配体制を整える必要があった。
The territorial lords in the early Edo period needed to adjust the ruling system in their own territory in order to respond to the order from the Shogunate to mobilize for Fushin.

こうした雑公事を賦課していた在地領主は自らも荘園領主や国衙から賦課される公事の負担者でもあった。
These local lords who imposed statute labor were also bearers of kuji imposed by lords of the manor or kokuga.

道長に対して、自らの才能を誇示した「三舟の才」のエピソードは、芸術面での意地を見せたともいえる。
In the episode of 'The Talent of Three Boats' where he made a show of his talents, one can see how he stood up to Michinaga in the field of art.

『源氏物語』に登場する玉鬘も数奇な運命と自らの美しさが引き起こす騒動に翻弄され続けた女性である。
Tamakazura in 'The Tale of Genji' is also at the mercy of her fate due to the incidents triggered by her hapless fate and beauty.

自らの政治力強化を目指す後白河は、清盛の協力により憲仁親王（後の高倉天皇）の立太子を実現させた。
Aiming to enhancing his own political power, with support of Kiyomori, Goshirakawa was able to have Prince Norihito (who later became Emperor Takakura) formally installed as Crown Prince (rittaishi).

天正8年（1580年）、信長自らが朝廷を動かし本願寺と和睦して、10年続いた戦に終止符を打った。
After 10 years of war, Nobunaga moved the Imperial Court and reconciled with Hongan-ji Temple in 1580.

ちなみに中尊寺供養願文として知られる文書では、自らを「東夷の遠酋」「俘囚の上頭」と表現している。
In the document known as Chusonji Kuyo Ganmon (Prayer for the Dedication of Chuson-ji Temple), he referred to himself as 'chief of eastern barbarians' and 'head of subjected barbarians.'

また、大島の景勝の地に自らの守り本尊として奉持した薬師瑠璃光如来を安置するために安昌院を建てた。
Furthermore, he built Anshoin Temple at a scenic spot in Oshima to place Yakushi Ruriko Nyorai he carried as a guardian deity for himself.

その後、当時8歳の才松丸を改め赤松晴政に赤松氏の家督を継がせると、村宗は自らこの後見人となった。
Later, Muramune made 8-year old Harumasa AKAMATSU (Saimatsumaru's new name) to succeed the Akamatsu clan and became his guardian.

その年の12月、邦直は家臣に命じ現地を調査させ、その結果を元に翌年自ら北海道に渡り調査を行った。
In December in the same year, Kuninao, having ordered his vassals to conduct a field survey in advance, visited Hokkaido himself the following year and conducted a field investigation based on the results of the preceding survey.

ここにある石碑には自らの筆跡で「田中大秀之奥城」と刻まれ、その後方の小円墳に大秀が葬られている。
There is a stone monument on the hill, engraved as 'Ohide TANAKA's Grave' in his own hand writing, while Ohide is buried in a small circular shaped mound behind the monument.

『筑後国風土記』逸文によれば、磐井は生前から自らの墓を築造していたとされるが、真偽は不明である。
According to the surviving fragment of 'Chikugo no kuni fudoki,' Iwai started building his tomb while he was still alive, however, the truth is not known.

安政の大獄では多くの同士を失ない、自らの身にも危険が及んだために難を逃れて修学院村に身を隠した。
He lost a lot of fellow members in Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the Shogunate), and when he was about to be arrested, he fled to Shugakuin Village to take refuge.

これを知った円心は、軍を二つに分け一方を久我縄手へ差し向け、自らは六波羅軍が陣取る桂へ進軍した。
Enshin was informed of their move; he separated his army into two, making one group go to Koganawate and the other, including himself, go to Katsura occupied by the Rokuhara forces.

義光は、自らの戦死によって秘曲を伝える者が絶えることを惜しみ、ここで時秋に同曲を授け後事を託す。
Yoshimitsu regretted the termination of a successor to pass on the secret music from his own death in a battle and gave the music to Toshiaki, asking him to pass it on.

そのため、対応に苦慮した頼朝はそれを小山朝政らに託し、自らは鶴岡八幡宮で東西の戦いの静謐を祈る。
Yoritomo agonized over how to deal with the situation, so Yoritomo entrusted the situation to Tomomasa OYAMA, and himself went to Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine to pray for peacefulness of both battles of the east and west.

すると八幡神は、「我（われ）征（ゆ）きて降（くだ）し伏（おろ）すべし」と自ら征討に赴いたという。
Legend has it that Hachiman said 'I will go and suppress it' and set out himself to subjugate the revolt.

山岳地に霊的な力があると信じ、自らの生活を律するために山の持つ圧倒感を利用する形態が見出される。
They believed that mountainous areas had spiritual powers, and utilized the overwhelming awe of the mountains to bring discipline to their lives.

似たところでは、募金活動に従事する学生が自らで稼いだ金を殆ど募金しようとしないことが挙げられる。
As a similar feature it is noted that students engaged in fund-raising activities rarely contribute money they have earned themselves.

人が絶え間なく自らを聖なる悔い改めに向かせるのでなければ、誰も天からの慰めを受けるに値しません。
5. No man is worthy of heavenly consolation but he who hath diligently exercised himself in holy compunction.

裁判所書記官は、その所属する裁判所の事件について出頭した者に対しては、自ら送達をすることができる。
A court clerk may make a service by him/herself upon a person who has appeared for a case that is pending before the court to which he/she belongs.

苦しみや怒りが絶えないが地獄のような場所ではなく、苦しみは自らに帰結するところが大きい世界である。
Although it is a world where pain and anger are constantly rampant, it is not a hellish place and pain can be largely attributed to oneself in this world.

自ら公案をつくって弟子を育成し、教化においてはほとんど方便を使わず、正面より禅の極みを打ち出した。
Myocho nurtured his disciples with his own Zen conundrums and made a frontal challenge to the essence of Zen without using hoben (expedients).

927年（延長5年）には奏上して自らに灌頂した師である円珍に智証大師の号を下賜されるのに尽力した。
Zomyo reported to the emperor in the year 927 and attempted to convince him to grant Enchin, the priest who ordained him, the name Chisho Daishi.

本来の本門佛立講は、日蓮の説いた教義の布教や実践・化儀を在家の信者が自ら率先して行うことを説いた。
The original Honmon Butsuryu Ko association was the individual Zaike (lay believers) taking the lead in actual missionary work, practice and the way of Buddha teaching humankind, as lectured by Nichiren.

しかし、この一念三千は智顗自身は自らの著書である「摩訶止観5の上」でたった一度しか説明していない。
However, Chigi explained about ichinen sanzen only once in the first half of the volume 5 of his book 'Makashikan' (Mahayana Practice of Cessation and Contemplation).

寺社の僧や僧兵、神人が、仏罰・神罰や武力を振りかざして、幕府や朝廷に対し自らの要求を通そうとした。
Priests, armed priests and shrine associates at temples and shrines tried to make their demands by resorting to arms or wielding the power of Buddha's or divine punishment against the bakufu and the Imperial Court.

お縫は負傷しながらも太平次を討ち、皐月へのかかわり合いを避けるために「心中じゃ」と叫び自らも死ぬ。
Although Onui is injured, she kills Taheiji and cries, 'I'm dying with him,' to avoid involving Satsuki, and then she commits suicide.

保延5年（1139年）には自らの観音院を御願寺として東寺に準じる灌頂会を開催することを勅許された。
In 1139, he received the royal permit to take place in kanjoe (ceremony of kanjo) pursuant to that of To-ji Temple at his Kannonin Temple as goganji (private temple of someone).

また、仕えていた女中達には自分のことを「宮様」と呼ばせ、自らは幼称であった「登美」を名乗っていた。
Furthermore, she ordered her maids to call her 'Miya-sama' (your Imperial Highness) and called herself as 'Tomi' which was her childhood name.

王朝国家体制の下では、受領は規定の租税を京進さえすれば、残余の租税を自らの収入とすることができた。
Under the dynastic nation-state, as long as Zuryo paid the specified tax to Kyoto, they could take the rest of the tax as their own income.

4月9日頃、倭軍は兵の一部を対馬へ撤退させ、残りを薺浦へ終結させて盛親自ら講和交渉に臨もうとする。
Around April 9, the Japanese Army withdrew a part of their troops to Tsushima while the remaining forces got together at Seiho, and Morichika himself attempted to have peace negotiations.

近衛の官人は巡回の際に自らの姓名を叫びながら見回りを行ったが、これを宿奏（とのいもうし）と称した。
Kanjin (government officials) in Konoe-fu patrolled crying out their own names, and this was called Tonoi-moshi.

自らは荘官として土地の実効支配権を持ちながら、一定の税を寄進先の受領層に納めた（職権留保付寄進）。
Then, these kaihatsu ryoshu paid a certain amount of tax to the zuryo while holding the right to control those donated lands as shokan, or officers governing shoen (donation while retaining authority).

朝倉貞景は自らは本国に留まりながらも、一門の朝倉景冬を近江坂本に派兵し、最低限の協調姿勢は見せた。
Although Sadakage ASAKURA himself stayed in his province, he dispatched Kagefuyu ASAKURA of his family to Sakamoto in Omi Province, thereby showing his minimally cooperative attitude.

室町時代、守護大名の間では自らの家臣に対して、武官や国守の官名を私称することを許す慣行が生まれた。
In the Muromachi period it became a customary practice among shugo daimyo that their vassals were allowed to call themselves after the official position or title of the military officer or the governor of the province.

かつて義親を追討した正盛の子の平忠盛も疑われたが、彼は潔白を主張し、自ら下手人を捕らえると言った。
Masamori's son, TAIRA no Tadamori who tracked down and killed Yoshichika was suspected, but he claimed innocence and he insisted that he would capture the murderer on his own.

永正3年（1506年）、政元は自らの勢力拡大を目指して河内・大和国・丹後国など諸国に軍を派遣した。
In 1506, Masamoto attempted to expand his power and sent troops to Kawachi, Yamato and Tango Provinces.

その後僧都の手により出家を果たし、薫に消息を捉まれ自らの元に戻るよう勧められても、終始拒み続けた。
Thereafter, she entered the Buddhist priesthood under the guidance of Yokokawa no sozu and even after her whereabouts were located by Kaoru, she constantly refused to return to be his mistress.

自ら投げ網で魚をとるのは薩摩の下級武士の生活を支える手段の一つであるので、少年時代からやっていた。
Fishing with a throwing net was one of the ways to support samurai in the lower grade's life in Satsuma, so had done that since he was young boy.

その後、秀頼と側室の間の娘奈阿姫が処刑されそうになった時に千姫は彼女を自らの養女にして命を助ける。
When Naahime, Hideyori's daughter born of his concubine, was about to be executed, Senhime adopted Naahime as her daughter in order to save her life.

激怒した宗盛は自らの手で源競を八つ裂きにするため、配下の武者たちに源競を殺さずに捕えるよう命じる。
An enraged Munemori ordered his subordinate warriors to capture MINAMOTO no Kiso alive so that he could tear him to pieces with his own hands.

世阿弥は父の遺訓、また自ら会得した芸術論を、「道のため、家のため」（『風姿花伝』）多数書き遺した。
Zeami wrote down his father's teachings and his own acquired views on the performing arts in order to approach his art as a michi - as a way of life, and as an ie - as a family heritage ('Fushikaden').

義賢はこれを討伐するために大軍を自ら率いたが、長政率いる浅井軍の前に大敗を喫した（野良田の戦い）。
To suppress the rebellion, Yoshitaka personally led a large army himself but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of the AZAI forces led by Nagamasa (Battle of Norada).

兼実は若い頃から和歌に関心が深く、自ら和歌を良くしたほか、藤原俊成、藤原定家らの庇護者でもあった。
He had a strong interest in waka (Japanese poetry) from an early age and tried to improve waka, and as well served as the patron of FUJIWARA no Toshinari and FUJIWARA no Teika (Sadaie).

『平家物語』によれば、軍議で景時は先陣を希望したところ、義経はこれを退けて自らが先陣に立つと言う。
According to 'Heike Monogatari,' at the war council, Kagetoki offered to serve as the vanguard but Yoshitsune dismissed this and insisted on serving as the vanguard himself.

兵をあげた大海人皇子はまず美濃国で兵を集めさせ、自らは24日に大和国の吉野宮を発って東に向かった。
Prince Oama who rose up in arms ordered to gather the soldiers in Mino Province and he left Yoshino no Miya in Yamato province to move east on 24th.

北進しようとしていた吹負は果安の軍に自らの主力をあて、韓国には坂本財らに小部隊を委ねて対応させた。
Fukei, who had planned to head north, led his main force and attacked Hatayasu's force, and gave small troops to SAKAMOTO no Takara and other commanders to deal with Karakuni's force.

自ら種子島に渡り、領主・種子島時堯から一丁の種子島銃を買い、職人・芝辻清右衛門に鉄砲を複製させた。
He traveled to Tanegashima Island and bought a Tanegashima rifle from the feudal lord Tokitaka TANEGASHIMA, and made Seiemon SHIBATSUJI, a craftsman, to reproduce the rifle (teppo).

七卿落ちから明治元年にいたるまでの土方の活動は、自らの日記『回天実紀』によって詳しく記されている。
Hijikata's actions in the period from Shichikyo-ochi to the first year of the Meiji era (1868) were recorded in detail in his own diary 'Kaiten Jikki' (true chronicle of the revolution).

また、越前国史生であったころには、東大寺の荘園に隣接して自らの田を経営していたことが判明している。
It also turned out that he managed his own paddy field which was adjacent to Shoen in Todai-ji Temple, when he was shisho in Echizen Province.

源義親の濫行や東大寺僧の赤袈裟着用問題でも自らの判断を下すことが出来ず、政治的未熟をさらけ出した。
He could not make up his own mind about what to do about MINAMOTO no Yoshichika's misconduct, even the Red Robe issue involving Todai-ji Temple priests, further exposing his lack of political maturity.

これは、頼忠・兼家を牽制しつつ自らの親政の実を挙げようとした円融天皇の政策上にあったと考えられる。
This was in line with the policy of Emperor Enyu who wanted to turn shinsei (direct administration by the emperor) into reality by restraining Yoritada and Kaneie.

三条天皇の死後、自ら皇太子を退いた敦明親王への返礼の意味も兼ねて、道長は娘寛子の婿に親王を迎えた。
After the death of Emperor Sanjo, Michinaga invited Imperial Prince Atsuakira as the husband to his daughter, Kanshi, also in appreciation for removing himself from the position of crown prince.

文治元年（1185年）11月に義経が西海逃避行を試みた際には、自らも武装しこれに随行したとされる。
In December 1185, when Yoshitsune attempted to escape to Saikai (provinces on the western seacoast), he is believed to have armed himself and accompanied the run-away.

しかし、早良親王は785年、藤原種継事件に連座して淡路へ流され、その途次に絶食して自ら命を絶った。
However, Imperial Prince Sawara was implicated in the assassination of FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu, and exiled to Awaji but starved himself to death on the way.

同時代では、信玄は肖像画以外に不動明王のイメージで自らを描かせているが、イメージは不確定であった。
Apart from his portraits, Shingen had himself depicted in the image of Fudo Myoo (Acala, one of the Five Wisdom Kings) during the same period, but the image was not instilled.

そのため国人・被官層は自らの利権を共同で確保していくため、国人一揆といった同盟関係を構築していた。
Therefore, persons in the kokujin and hikan classes established an alliance to form a kokujin uprising in order to retain their rights.

人が見て自ら正しいとする道でも、その終りはついに死に至る道となるものがある。 (箴言 14:12)
There is a way which seems right to a man, but in the end it leads to death. (Proverbs 14:12)

その一つは、ハロウィーン文書の著者たち自らが次のように洞察しているところではっきり表明されている：
One is exposed when the Halloween authors themseselves later observe that

ゲーテは、「世界はその内にて動かされ、自然自身が自然の中で自らを育むのが相応しい」と歌っています。
Goethe, on the other hand, sang 'Ihm ziemt's die Welt im Innern zu bewegen, / Natur in sich, sich in Natur zu hegen. '

「だが制服を着ているんでね、王様のおじさんが御自らおれのところに預けていくというのは深刻なことだ。
'but I wear the King's coat, you know, and it's a serious thing when the King's uncle leaves a thing here with his own hands under my charge.

この男は、肉親を破滅させたという罪悪感を魂に抱えて、後悔のあまり自らに刑罰を加えたのかもしれない。
The man who had the guilt upon his soul of having brought such a fate upon his own family might well be driven by remorse to inflict it upon himself.

アルセーヌ・ルパンは、自らの好みに従って、田舎の邸宅と上流社会の客間でしか仕事をしない紳士なんだ。
Arsene Lupin, the fastidious gentleman who confines his operations to country-houses and fashionable drawing-rooms,

それから、永仁元年（1293年）の火災によって衰退していた建長寺を再建して住職に迎え、自ら帰依した。
He then restored Kencho-ji Temple in 1293, which had been in a run-down state due to a fire, and invited Ichinei to be the chief priest of the temple, also becoming a believer of the principles of Ichinei's sect.

または家督に限らず、それまであった立場などを他人に譲って、自らは悠々自適の生活を送ることなどを指す。
Not limited to the reign of the family, it means to give his or her position to another person and live a leisurely life.

裏メニューに通じた常連は卵と飯をそれぞれ単品で注文し、客自らが好みの作り方と食べ方で好評を得ている。
Regular customers familiar with hidden menu order an egg and rice separately and enjoy making and eating it as they like.

中でも豪商の鳥居宗逸には今日庵、三河新城藩主の菅沼定実には四方庵の庵号を譲り、自らは不審庵を称した。
Amongst his pupils, Sohen allowed Soitsu TORII, a wealthy merchant, to use the name Konnichian and Sadazane SUGANUMA, the lord of Shinjo Domain in Mikawa Province, to use the name Yohoan, while he himself used Fushinan.

自らや親しいものがなくなった際に朱印を受けた判衣を死に装束として着用させると極楽へ行けるといわれる。
When yourself or the one who is close to you die, it is said the person can go to the Buddhist paradise when he or she wears han-i with red seals as burial outfit.

太上天皇となった白河上皇は、幼帝を後見するために白河院として自ら政務を執り、いわゆる院政が出現した。
Retired Emperor SHIRAKAWA, who became Daijo Tenno, acted as the guardian of the young Emperor, and ruled personally as Shirakawa-in, and this style of government became known as Insei system (cloistered style).

父の倒幕計画に協力した順徳上皇は佐渡島に流され、関与しなかった土御門上皇も自ら望んで土佐国に遷った。
Emperor Juntoku helped his father defeat the Kamakura government, but he was then sent to Sado ga-shima Island; the Emperor Tsuchimikado also went to Tosa Province by his own will, although he was not involved in the incident.

（これ以上の存命は不要と、断食を行った後、最後は自らの頭に焼石を乗せて亡くなったと伝えられている。)
(It is said that he fasted and decided there was no need for him to live any longer, he then put a red hot rock on the top of his head and died.)

続く後水尾もたびたび幕府から高圧的に扱われたため、それに耐えかねて1629年、自らの女子に譲位した。
The next successor to the throne, Emperor Gomizunoo was also often highly pressured by the Edo bakufu and he could not take the pressure and passed the throne to his daughter in 1629.

天智天皇の皇女・菟野皇后の称制は自らが産んだ草壁皇子の血統が続くのをより確実にしたいがためであった。
Emperor Tenchi/Tenji's Prince, Uno no Sarara no Himemiko conducted the Shosei since she wished to secure her son, Prince Kusakabe to succeed the blood line to the throne.

他は天皇は政治を臣下に委ねず自ら執政することを定めた箇所で、水野がいう隋唐風の皇帝統治説と一致する。
The theory also points out a part that declares the emperor's independent administration without counting on any deputies, and his argument on this point is consistent with that of the Sui-Tang style imperial autocrat theory that MIZUNO advocates.

織田信長、豊臣秀吉も天皇の存在や権威を否定せず、政治に利用することによって自らの権威を高めていった。
Neither Nobunaga ODA nor Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI denied the existence and authority of the Emperor and by using the Emperors in their politics, they strengthened their own authority.

自らは病の為執権職を退くが、嫡子北条時宗が幼少だった為、北条氏 (極楽寺流)の北条長時に執権を譲る。
He himself retired from the post of regent because of illness, but as his heir (Tokimune HOJO) was still a child, he handed over the position to Nagatoki HOJO, who was a member of the Gokurakuji line of the Hojo clan.

自身の手勢以外に護衛任務の徒士（自らの手勢の場合は近習と呼ばれる）、伝令を任務とする使番などがいる。
Other than his own forces he also had kachi (foot guards) (if they were from his own forces they were called kinju (attendants)), whose task was to guard him, and tsukaiban (messengers), whose task was to relay the orders.

また、国衙の機能を実質的に吸収し、国衙の支配する公領（郡・郷・保など）を自らの支配下へと組み込んだ。
They practically absorbed the functions of kokuga and subjected koryo (gun, go, ho) governed by kokuga to their control.

見つかりそうにない場合、体面を保つために評定の沙汰（裁判）を待たずして自ら切腹する者が絶えなかった。
When it was unlikely to find a witness, a lot of warriors killed themselves by disembowelment to keep their honor without waiting for the result of consultation (trial).

地頭たちは荘園・公領において、勧農の実施などを通じて自らの支配を拡大し、領主との紛争が多く発生した。
Jito enhanced their ruling power at shoen/koryo through their activities of encouraging agriculture and as a result, disputes with the lords of shoen frequently occurred.

「自称天皇」の一人・三浦芳聖は、尊良親王が北陸朝廷の天皇であり、自らがその子孫であると主張している。
Yoshimasa MIURA called himself Emperor (he was just one of those who did the same thing) because, Miura claimed, Imperial Prince Takayoshi had been the Emperor of Hokuriku Chotei and he himself was the Takayoshi's descendant.

当日は自衛でしのいだ公使館員一行は夜間に、花房義質公使以下28人は自ら公使館に火を放ったといわれる。
It is said that the group of legation staff members who had managed to protect themselves during the daytime, 28 people, including the Minister Yoshimoto HANABUSA, set fire to the legation that night.

そして彼らが訳語を自らの著作の中で積極的に使用することで『万国公法』の新漢語定着に寄与したのである。
They used translated terms in their works, this encouraged adoption of the new words of Chinese origin used in 'Bankoku Koho.'

中国文明圏では新たに成立した王朝は自らの権力の正当性を示すための歴史書「正史」を編纂するものである。
In the Chinese cultural region, a newly-established dynasty was supposed to compile a history book to document the rights of their authority,

もともと藤原定家は証本として自ら作成した源氏物語の写本の本文の末尾にさまざまな注釈を書き付けている。
Originally, FUJIWARA no Sadaie added various notes to the end of the text of the Tale of Genji manuscript that he himself had copied as a shohon (a verified text).

西南の秋の町（六条御息所の旧邸）は秋好中宮の里邸に、自らは東南の春の町に紫の上や明石の姫君と住んだ。
The southwest quarter, or the Autumn Quarter (former residence of Rokujo Miyasudokoro) was assigned to Empress Akikonomu as her home, and he lived in the southeast quarter, or the Spring Quarter, together with Murasaki no ue and Princess Akashi.

始め匂宮と宇治の中君との仲にも反対だったが、二人の間に男子が誕生した時は自ら産養を主催して祝福した。
At first, she was against the love between Nioumiya and Uji no nakagimi, but, when they gave birth to a son, she held ubuyashinai (a party to celebrate the birth of a baby) to celebrate it.

また、一つに自らが救われたいと思う心の真実、二つに人を悟りに向かわせたいと思う心の真実をさしている。
It also means, first of all, the sincerity of the mind that wishes oneself to be delivered, and second of all, the sincerity of the mind that wishes for other people to aim for enlightenment.

そして、大内義興と共に入京、足利義稙を将軍に復職させ、自らは7月18日に右京大夫・管領に任ぜられた。
Then, together with Yoshioki OUCHI, he entered Kyoto and reinstated Yoshitane ASHIKAGA as the shogun, and on July 18 he was appointed as the ukyo dayu and kanrei.

ところが信長は義景の撤退を予測していたため、朝倉軍は信長自らが率いる織田軍の追撃を受けることになる。
However, since Nobunaga expected Yoshikage's withdrawal, the Asakura army was chased by the Oda army led by Nobunaga himself.

この際設自ら設計に携わり、1938年から鎌倉市に移り住むまでの10年間を家族と共にこの家で過ごした。
He was involved in the design of the residence and lived there with his family for 10 years before moving to Kamakura City in 1983.

しかし、すでに新政府は自ら架設する計画があり、機械も英国に発注していたため、モンブラン提案を断った。
However, the new government already had a plan to introduce one for itself and had ordered the machinery from Britain, and therefore turned down Montblanc's proposal.

直弟子顕智らの協力を得て、京都東山大谷に廟堂を建立して、自らは留守職となって、本願寺の基礎を築いた。
With the help of Kenchi, Shinran's direct disciple, she constructed a mausoleum at Higashiyama Otani of Kyoto, assumed a position of Rusushiki (custodian or caretaker of Shinran's Mausoleum at Otani) and laid the foundation of Hongan-ji Temple.

数ヵ月後に発売された女性雑誌において「全て私の責任であり、弁解の余地もない」と自らの非を認めている。
A few months later, he admitted his fault in a female magazine by saying 'It's my fault and I have no excuse.'

頼朝は自らの出陣を決め、行家と義経を討つべく29日に鎌倉を発し、11月1日に駿河国黄瀬川に着陣した。
Yoritomo decided to go into battle himself, departing on November 29 (October 29 under the old lunar calendar) and arrived at Kise River in Suruga Province on December 1 (November 1).

この記事により、石楯が三河国碧海郡の石村氏と同族関係にあり、かつ自らは左京の人であったことがわかる。
According to this record, it can be seen that Iwatate was in the same clan with the IWAMURA clan in Hekikai County in Mikawa Province, and also that Iwatate himself was a person from Sakyo.

また、文武を奨励し、特に儒学を好んで林大学に儒学を学び、自らも講師として藩士などに儒学を講じている。
He promoted academic education and physical training, and particularly Confucianism, which he himself was interested in, learning from Daigaku HAYASHI, and lectured to hanshi (retainers) on his own.

綏靖天皇2年、神八井耳命は春日県（後の十市県）に邸宅を造り、そこに神籬磐境を立てて自ら神祇を祀った。
In 580 BC, Kamuyaimimi-no-mikoto constructed a residence in Kasuga-no-agata (later Toichi-no-agata) where he erected a primitive shrine where he enshrined deities.

天照大神は、これに対し「我は三宝の名を言わないし、自らにも近づけないから帰り給え」と言い追い返した。
Amaterasu Omikami turns Mao away, snapping, 'I won't chant the name of Sanpo (3 treasures of Buddhism: Buddha, sutras and priesthood) and allow them to come closer to me. So go home!'

また、郷士の坂本龍馬など自ら制約の多い藩から脱藩して浪人になり自由な立場で活躍する者たちも多く出た。
As Ryoma SAKAMOTO, a goshi (generally meaning a low-status samurai living in a village), was, there were many 浪人 who severed their ties with domains full of restrictions and acted freely.

本所が自らの荘園支配を強化するために、家臣を現地へ派遣し、下司や公文などを指揮監督することがあった。
To take greater control of manors, Honjo often sent down their retainers to supervise Gesu and Kumon.

オーバーラン、アンダーシュート及び滑走路からの逸脱（航空機が自ら地上走行できなくなつた場合に限る。）
Overrun, undershoot and deviation from a runway (limited to when an aircraft is disabled to perform taxiing)

それは意志の弱さと肉体のもろさであり、そのために、自らのうちの偉大なるものを決して顧みることがない。
and never to think highly of ourselves, seeing that we are so frail and unstable.

執行官は、内覧の実施に際し、自ら不動産に立ち入り、かつ、内覧参加者を不動産に立ち入らせることができる。
A court execution officer may, when implementing a preliminary inspection, enter the real property himself/herself and have preliminary inspection participants enter the real property.

家畜伝染病の病原体に触れ、又は触れたおそれがある者は、遅滞なく、自らその身体を消毒しなければならない。
Persons who have been exposed or are likely to have been exposed to pathogens of a domestic animal infectious disease must disinfect themselves without delay.

菅原在輔から「文選_(書物)」を、六条有房から「易学」を学ぶなど自らの研鑚につとめ、該博な知識を得た。
Kokan Shiren was devoted to a life of study and gained a vast knowledge; studying 'Wen Xuan' ('Monzen' in Japanese) from SUGAWARA no Arisuke and the art of divination from Arifusa ROKUJO.

江戸にくだり黄檗宗の禅僧白翁道泰に入門を願ったが、美貌のため許されず、自ら顔面を焼いて入門を許された。
She then went to Edo and asked Michiyasu HAKUO, a Zen monk of the Obaku Sect, to take her in as his disciple, but her request was refused because of her good looks and only eventually was she allowed to become his disciple after burning her face.

天台教学の確立を目指し繁忙だったという理由で自らの弟子をして、空海から借経を幾度となく繰り返していた。
Because Saicho, who aimed to establish Tendai doctrine, was very busy, he frequently made his disciples borrow Buddhist scriptures from Kukai.

信長のように異様な姿をして遊びまわる若者達は自らを「傾き者」と称して、衣装や振る舞いの奇抜さを競った。
Young men who lived in idleness wearing peculiar clothes like those of Nobunaga called themselves 'kabukimono' (the eccentric), and they competed each other the eccentricity of their costumes and performances.

その際、尊氏は、持明院統の光厳天皇を治天とし、その弟の光明天皇を即位させ、自らは征夷大将軍に就任する。
At that time Takauji himself became Seii Taishogun, while he appointed Emperor Kogon, of the Jimyoin Imperial line, as Chiten, and also appointed his younger brother, Emperor Komyo as Emperor.

この場合、称号だけでは、単に皇帝の妻であるのか、自らが帝位にある女性の皇帝であるのかは、区別できない。
In this case, it cannot be distinguished from the title whether she is the wife of the emperor or the empress who attained the crown.

自らが本能寺の変で倒れる1582年までには日本中央部を制圧し、天下統一の寸前までを実質的に成し遂げた。
By the time he himself was killed in the Honnoji Incident in 1582, he had conquered the central part of Japan and had virtually accomplished everything up to the verge of unification of the whole country.

例えば、薩摩藩の藩士なら自らのことを「薩摩藩藩士誰々」と名乗るのではなく「島津家家臣誰々」と名乗った。
For example, the names of Hanshi in the Satsuma Domain preceded by 'Shimazu Family Retainer' as opposed to 'Satsuma Domain Retainer.'

大内軍は大内義隆自らが総大将となり、陶隆房、杉重矩、内藤興盛、弘中隆包ら15,000の兵を率いて出兵。
For the Ouchi army, Yoshitaka Ouchi himself became supreme commander and went into battle with an army of 15,000 men including Takafusa SUE, Shigenori SUGI, Okimori NAITO, and Takakane HIRONAKA.

勝家や信孝らは秀吉のこれらの一連の行動を自らの政権樹立のためであると考え、激しく警戒し、敵意を抱いた。
Katsuie, Nobutaka, and others became extremely wary of and hostile toward Hideyoshi, since they believed Hideyoshi had performed this series of actions in an attempt to establish his own administration.

この状況をみた政友会総裁原敬は、自らの内閣を打ち立てると研究会議員の入閣及び要職への任命を推し進めた。
Taking the situation into consideration, Takashi HARA, the president of Seiyu-kai Party, established his own cabinet and appointed members of Kenkyukai to cabinet positions and important posts.

新聞で事件を知った夕子は病院を抜け出して故郷の与謝へひとり戻り、正順を追って自ら生命を絶ったのだった。
Reading of the incident in the newspaper, Yuko escaped from the hospital to go back to her hometown in Yosa Island where she killed herself following her lover Seijun.

景樹は「古今和歌集」の歌風を理想とし、紀貫之を歌聖と仰ぎ、それを実践するためにこの歌集を自ら撰集した。
Kageki found his ideal style of poetry in 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) and admired KI no Tsurayuki as Kasei (great poet), so he compiled this anthology by himself to put his ideal into practice.

仁寿元年（852年）東宮殿で元服した際に、文徳天皇が自ら加冠するほどの厚遇を受け、正六位上に叙される。
In 851, when he underwent the ceremony of attaining manhood at Togun-den, he was treated very kindly, as the Emperor Montoku himself had placed the court headgear on Mototsune's head, and he was also promoted to the court rank of Shorokuijo (Senior Sixth Rank, Upper Grade).

さらに、吉原遊郭近郊の浅草界隈で見た手打ちうどんの技術を自ら身につけ、うどんを打つこともあったという。
He moreover learned how to make handmade udon (Japanese wheat noodles) which he saw in Asakusa near the Yoshiwara red-light district and made them at home.

金峨は、朱子、王陽明、伊藤仁斎、荻生徂徠の四家から優れたところを抽出し、自らの折衷学に取り入れている。
Kinga extracted only the good points from the thoughts of four major Confucianists: Chu His, Yomei O (Wang Yangming), Jinsai ITO and Sorai OGYU, so as to incorporate them into his own Secchugaku.

南郭は雪舟、周文、狩野元信に私淑し、自ら俗書と批判した「八種画譜」などの模写を通じて独学で画業を学ぶ。
Nankaku was strongly influenced by Sesshu, Shubun, Motonobu KANO, and learned painting by himself through copying such as 'Hasshu gafu' (Collection of eight picture books) that he himself criticized as vulgar.

こうした関係もあり、永長元年（1096年）に頼綱が出家した際には、その邸に師通自らが足を運んだという。
Because of those relationships, when Yoritsuna became a priest in 1096, it is said that Moromichi himself visited his residence to give the greeting.

同年12月、自ら率いる部隊内の喧嘩騒ぎにより、徳川方の藤堂高虎隊が攻撃を開始して谷町口の戦いがおきる。
In December in the same year, the unit of Takatora TODO on Tokugawa's side started an attack due to a quarrel in the unit led by himself and the Battle at the Tanimachiguchi gate occurred.

やがて信頼・義朝らの敗戦を見届けた後、神鏡を姉小路東洞院にあった自邸に保管し、自らは六波羅に出頭する。
After having seen the defeat of Nobuyori and Yoshitomo, he kept the sacred mirror in this residence in Aneyakoji Higashi no Toin and he himself appeared to Rokuhara.

彼女の母が平忠盛の娘であった関係から平清盛と親しく、一方で自らの姉妹が嫁いだ藤原惟方とも懇意であった。
Meanwhile, he was close to TAIRA no Kiyomori, due to his wife's mother being a daughter of TAIRA no Tadamori, and he also had a close relationship with FUJIWARA no Korekata whom his sister married into.

守護代も自らの代理人たる小守護代を置き、守護任国における土地支配構造はきわめて重層的であったといえる。
The Shugodai would place sub-shugodai to be his own agents, thus making many layers of land governance organization in the Shugo's fiefs.

人は自分の言葉の結ぶ実によって、満ち足り、そのくちびるの産物によって自ら飽きる。 (箴言 18:20)
A man's stomach is filled with the fruit of his mouth. With the harvest of his lips he is satisfied. (Proverbs 18:20)

幼な子でさえも、その行いによって自らを示し、そのすることの清いか正しいかを現す。 (箴言 20:11)
Even a child makes himself known by his doings, whether his work is pure, and whether it is right. (Proverbs 20:11)

穴を掘る者は自らその中に陥る、石をまろばしあげる者の上に、その石はまろびかえる。 (箴言 26:27)
Whoever digs a pit shall fall into it. Whoever rolls a stone, it will come back on him. (Proverbs 26:27)

主は言われる、「今わたしは起きよう、いま立ちあがろう、いま自らを高くしよう。 (イザヤ書 33:10)
'Now I will arise,' says Yahweh; 'Now I will lift myself up. Now I will be exalted. (Isaiah 33:10)

もしあなたが忍耐をもって完全を追い求めるつもりなら、自らを巡礼者、地上における追放者とみなすべきです。
If thou wilt stand fast and wilt profit as thou oughtest, hold thyself as an exile and a pilgrim upon the earth.

キリスト教が不信心者にキリスト教に公正であるよう教えたいのなら、自らも不信心に公正であるべきでしょう。
If Christians would teach infidels to be just to Christianity, they should themselves be just to infidelity.

前項の苦情の申出は、被収容者が自ら作成し、封をした書面を捕虜収容所長を経由して提出することによって行う。
Filling complaint set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be made by submitting the document, prepared and sealed by the detainee himself/herself, via the prisoner of war camp commander.

このため弟子たちには自ら特定の宗派名を称することを禁じ、禅宗の一派として見られることにも拒否感を示した。
For this reason he prohibited his disciples from using a particular sect's name by themselves and conveyed a feeling of rejection when viewed as one of the Zen sects.

座って挨拶をするときに、胸元から畳んだ状態の扇子を自らの膝前に置き、それを境にするように相手に礼を行う。
When a person sits on the floor as a greeting, he takes out a folded Sensu from within the front overlap of his kimono (usually) and places it in front of his knees, before saying his greeting or thank-yous, considering the folded Sensu as a border line.

越前藩松平慶永らが勘案した文面を籤としたものから、明治天皇自らが宮中賢所にて抽選したものだとされている。
It is believed that, in Kashiko Dokoro (Palace Sanctuary), Emperor Meiji drew for the new era name, one which was among some additional options that had been considered by officials such as Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA of the Echizen clan.

天皇の諡号や追号は通常死後におくられるものであるが、醍醐天皇にあやかって生前自ら後醍醐の号を定めていた。
Although the emperor's posthumous name or honorary name is generally given after his death, he named himself 'Go-Daigo' after Emperor Daigo.

彰仁親王は、ヨーロッパの君主国の例にならって、皇族が率先して軍務につくことを奨励し、自らも率先垂範した。
Imperial Prince Akihito encouraged the Imperial Family to take the initiative to join military service, following the examples in European monarchy countries, he himself took the lead in joining the military.

清寧天皇2年11月（481年12月）、弘計王自ら新室の宴の席で、歌と唱え言に託して王族の身分を明かした。
In December, 481, the younger Oke no miko revealed that the two brothers were members of the imperial family at a banquet of a new house by means of a song and chant.

後鳥羽上皇は自ら武装して比叡山に登り、僧兵の協力を求めるが、上皇の寺社抑制策が禍して比叡山はこれを拒絶。
The retired Emperor Gotoba personally girded on weapons and armor and climbed Mt. Hiei, seeking the military support of the sohei (warrior monks), but his plan to rein in the temples and shrines had not gone over well at all with the monks of Mt. Hiei, who refused to join forces with him.

翌永暦元年（1160年）正月に天皇は近衛天皇の皇后だった藤原多子を入内させ、自らの権威の安定につとめた。
The following year, in February, 1160, Emperor Nijo welcomed FUJIWARA no Masaruko, the former empress of Emperor Konoe, into his court, and worked at stabilizing his own power and influence.

これらの職についた中下流貴族らは自らが得た職の確保をはかり、職を「家業」として世襲することに努めている。
The middle and lower class nobles who gained such positions strived to secure such positions, attempting to make them hereditary or a 'family business.'

自検断（じけんだん）とは、中世日本の村落（惣村・郷村など）が、自ら検断（けんだん）を実施することをいう。
Jikendan (voluntary ruling and judging) refers to rural communities in medieval Japan such as soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) and goson (autonomous village) that conduct a kendan (trial) by themselves.

名田という用語は、田堵や名主が自らの経営する土地を明示するために、その土地へ名称をつけたことに由来する。
The term myoden (literally means a named paddy field) comes from the fact that a tato or a myoshu gave a name to the land he operated in order to distinguish his land from other lands.

何であれ中華思想に基づいた律令国家にとっては、「自らの支配下の外側にある人々という概念でしかな」かった。
Whatever they may have been, for the ritsuryo kokka based on Sinocentrism, Ezo was 'simply a concept of people who were out of their control.'

一休は、自らを風狂の狂客とし、歓楽街を徘徊したが、世人は常識を超然した姿を一種畏敬の念を持って観ていた。
Ikkyu pretended to be a crazy person with a romantic turn of mind, and wandered about entertainment areas, but people saw him as a person rising above the vulgar herd in certain respects.

幕政を富子や細川勝元・山名宗全らの有力守護大名に委ねて、自らはもっぱら数奇の道を探求した文化人であった。
He left his administrative duties of the Shogunate to Tomiko and other influential Shugo-daimyo members, such as Katsumoto HOSOKAWA and Sozen YAMANA, and he became a man of culture who pondered his unhappy way of life.

なお『愚管抄』には、長田父子の陰謀を察知した義朝が乳母子・鎌田政清に自らの殺害を命じたと記載されている。
However, according to the 'Gukansho,' Yoshitomo sensed Nagata and his son's plot and asked his wet mother's son Masakiyo KAMATA to kill him.

信長の父としても有名だが、信秀自らも智勇に優れた武将であり、その豪勇は「尾張の虎」と称されて恐れられた。
He is also famous as Nobunaga's father, but Nobuhide himself is also a wise and brave busho, and he was called the 'tiger of Owari' and feared because of his gallantry.

釈放後の明治25年（1892年）には自らの衆議院議長就任を公約として第2回衆議院議員総選挙に出馬、当選。
After being released, HOSHI ran for the 2nd general election of the House of Representatives in 1892, with a campaign pledge that he would become chairman of the House of Representatives, and was elected as a parliament member.

「宗理（そうり）」の号を門人宗二に譲り、自らは「北斎」」「可侯（かこう）」「辰政（ときまさ）」を用いる。
He gave the go of 'Sori' to his disciple Soji and began to use the go of 'Hokusai,' 'Kako' and 'Tokimasa.'

『鷹見泉石日記』は、彼が職に就いた12歳から、60年間にもわたった自らの公務を中心に書き留められたもの。
The diary of Senseki TAKAMI mainly describes about his own official duties for 60 years since he started to work at the age of 12.

政光は朝政、長沼宗政、結城朝光、宇都宮頼綱ら兄弟に対し、今度は自ら合戦を遂げ無双の御旨を蒙るよう命ずる。
Hearing that, Masamitsu raised the moral by telling Tomomasa, Munemasa NAGANUMA, Tomomitsu YUKI, Yoritsuna UTSUNOMIYA and his brothers to fight enough to be praised as the bravest warriors by Yoritomo.

書道芸術においても自ら収蔵する名品法書のみならず、中村不折や三井家、羅振玉などの収蔵物を複製し出版した。
There was not only his collection of the copybook printed from the works of old masters of calligraphy but also replicas of Fusetsu NAKAMURA, the Mitsui family and Shingyoku RA's collections in the books he published.

平家滅亡の後、文治5年（1189年）、頼朝は奥州藤原氏を攻めるため、自ら大軍を率いて陸奥白河関に到った。
After the fall of the Taira clan, Yoritomo led large forces to Shirakawa no seki (Shirakawa Barrier) in Mutsu Province to attack the Oshu-Fujiwara clan in 1189.

雄足は、写経所の白米や、自らの白米を用いて季節ごとの米価の差を利用し、多くの利益をあげていたようである。
It seems that Otari made a big profit by taking advantage of difference of seasonal rice prices which were cultivated in the Sutra copying office and his paddy field.

また円融天皇女御となった次女尊子内親王も自ら出家の後早世するなど、遺された子女はいずれも不遇に終わった。
Her second daughter, Imperial Princess Sonshi, who became a nyogo of Emperor Enyu, died shortly after becoming a nun and none of Kaishi's children led a prosperous life.

自らの作家性よりも脚本の意図に忠実に撮影する職人気質で知られるが、仏心を描こうと常に心がけていたという。
He is known for having the spirit of a true workman, who filmed movies focusing on the intentions of scriptwriters instead of his own creativity, but always tried to express Busshin in his movies.

その者こそが保昌で、保昌は逆に袴垂を自らの家に連れ込んで衣を与えたところ、袴垂は慌てて逃げ帰ったという。
This person turned out to be Yasumasa and he took Hakamadare to his house and gave him some clothes, and then Hakamadare hurriedly ran away.

バテレン追放令により、秀吉から改宗を迫られ、父の孝高が率先してキリスト教を棄教すると長政自らも改宗した。
When forced by Hideyoshi to convert with the edict for expelling Jesuit missionaries and his father Yoshitaka had taken the lead in giving up his Christian faith, Nagamasa also converted.

のちに天皇自らが禊を受ける事によって国全体のケガレ（穢）を払うという大祓の神事が成立することとになった。
In later years the ritual of Oharae (the great purification) was established in which emperors themselves go through a purification ceremony to remove the impurity of the entire nation.

なまけ者は自分の目に、良く答えることのできる七人の者よりも、自らを知恵ありとする。 (箴言 26:16)
The sluggard is wiser in his own eyes than seven men who answer with discretion. (Proverbs 26:16)

モアブは滅ぼされて、国を成さないようになる。主に敵して自ら誇ったからである。 (エレミヤ書 48:42)
Moab shall be destroyed from being a people, because he has magnified himself against Yahweh. (Jeremiah 48:42)

なぜ、人を教えて自分を教えないのか。盗むなと人に説いて、自らは盗むのか。 (ローマ人への手紙 2:21)
You therefore who teach another, don't you teach yourself? You who preach that a man shouldn't steal, do you steal? (Romans 2:21)

と言うのも、魚たちが笛の音に引き寄せられて、足下の網に、自ら踊り入るのではないかと考えたからだった。
in the hope that the fish, attracted by his melody, would of their own accord dance into his net, which he had placed below.

この点に関して、私はすべての部隊、党派や勢力に対して、自らこのプロセスに参加してくれるようお願いしたい。
In this regard, I appeal to all forces, factions and currents, to engage themselves in this process.

こういうことを思いついたのは、自分の考えについてもっと十分に検討を行うよう自らを則すという目的もあった。
This course commended itself to me, as well because I thus afforded myself more ample inducement to examine them thoroughly,

しかしこの種の主要な無礼は、偶然に自らを現したのでないなら、悔悟するよう思い知らせてやるのは不可能です。
But the principal offences of the kind are such as it is mostly impossible, unless by accidental self-betrayal, to bring home to conviction.

このようにして、かれら自身が自分たちに関わる事象を自ら掌握することが、避けがたい必須事項となったのです。
It has become then with them an imperative necessity to take their own case in hand.

しかし、この扱いにくい紳士は、相も変わらず遠慮がちで、自ら湖の中に飛び込むようなそぶりすら見せなかった。
but the intractable Fogg, as reserved as ever, did not seem at all inclined to throw himself into this lake.

標的企業は、非常に煩わしく規制されているため標的企業の魅力を無くすような会社を取得することで、自らを守る
the target company defends itself by acquiring a company so onerously regulated that it makes the target less attractive

事務局長は、職員を指名し、その職員は全面的又は部分的に自らの配下にある職員に関する評価報告の責任を負う。
The Director-General shall designate the staff members responsible for reporting on personnel wholly or partly subordinate to them.

ながらく園城寺法輪院に住し、密教図像の集成と絵師の育成に大きな功績を残したほか、自らの画術研鑽にも努めた。
He resided at Horinin of Onjo-ji Temple for a long time and made a great contribution in collecting Esoteric Buddhist art as well as nurturing artists while striving to develop his own painting technique.

『阿弥陀経』は、弟子の質問に答える形の経ではなく、釈迦自ら説かれた経であるため「無問自説経」ともよばれる。
Because 'Amida-kyo Sutra' is the sutra whose content is the teachings preached that Shakyamuni had taught, not the one in which Shakyamuni replied to the questions raised by disciples, it is called 'Mumon jisetsu kyo' (the sutra whose content is not questions and answers but the preaching of Shakyamuni).

相撲部屋でのちゃんこの調理は、ちゃんこ番の力士が「ちゃんこ長」を務め、主に幕下以下の力士が自ら調理を行う。
In sumo stables, chankoban (person in charge of preparing sumo wrestler's meals) serves as 'chankocho (most experienced chanko cook in the sumo stable)' to cook the chanko, and it is cooked mainly by sumo wrestlers themselves at the rank of 'makushita' or below.

師長が琵琶を弾き始めると、八大龍王が助演者として加わり、村上天皇も自ら見事な秘曲を奏で、舞を舞う（早舞）。
When Moronaga began playing biwa, eight great dragon kings joined him as supporting actors, and Emperor Murakami himself played an admirable piece of secret music, and danced haya-mai.

仏教に帰依し、1525（大永5）年の疱瘡大流行時には自ら筆をとって「般若心経」を延暦寺と仁和寺に奉納した。
The Emperor became a believer in Buddhism, and he wrote 'The Wisdom Sutras' for presentation to Enryaku-ji Temple and Ninna-ji Temple while the spread of smallpox continued in 1525.

続いて同年10月17日には、天皇が皇国一体・東西同視のもと内外の政を自ら裁決することを宣言する詔を発した。
Then on October 17, the emperor declared that he, himself, would decide the total government for the imperial country about to be unified, and east and west to be identified.

兵士や盗賊は僧院に赴き、哀れな僧侶は僧衣を俗衣に代え、袖や懐に自らが所持していた金銀・茶器を隠して逃げた。
Soldiers and robbers went to priests' quarters and poor priets ran away, after changing their robes into common clothes and hiding their gold, silver and tea utensils in their sleeves or pockets.

このため、土倉や寺院と言った一揆の標的となりそうな者達は自ら自衛のための兵士を雇ってこれを防ぐ他なかった。
Therefore, probable targets of ikki such as doso and temples had to hire samurai for their own protection.

上記のような在地武士たちは、戦力を一定以上確保するために、自らに従う者を「郎党」と呼んで主従関係を結んだ。
In order to maintain a certain level of fighting power, the above mentioned local samurai established the relation of master to servant with their followers who were called roto.

佐平治は無腰の町人を手打ちにするのを不本意と考え、自らの脇差を相手に渡して果たし合いの形式をとろうとした。
Saheiji was unwilling to kill the townsman without any arms, tried to fight like by dueling and giving him his short sword.

これにより、信長は足利義昭を室町幕府の第15代将軍に擁立し、自らはその後見人として政権を確立したのである。
This enabled Nobunaga to put forward Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA as the 15th shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and he, as his guardian, established the government.

1898年から1906年にかけて民政長官を務めた後藤新平は自らの特別統治主義に基づいた台湾政策を実施した。
Shinpei GOTO, who served as Chief of Home Affairs from 1898 to 1906, introduced the governing policy of Taiwan based upon his own special governance.

王政復古 (日本)により成立した明治新政府は富国強兵をスローガンに、積極的に自ら産業を興こす政策を取った。
The new Meiji government, established by the Restoration of Imperial Rule in Japan, adopted a policy to promote industries actively, under the slogan of 'Fukoku-kyohei' (enriching the country and strengthening the military).

御台所は自らの夫が亡くなった場合は出家して本丸から退き、西丸に移って将軍の菩提を弔いながら余生を過ごした。
Midaidokoro entered into priesthood after their husbands died and moved from Honmaru to Nishinomaru to spend the rest of their lives to pray for the repose of their husbands' soul.

朝廷は自らの勢力範囲に広く律令制を導入することを試みていたが九州南部においては住民の支持を得られなかった。
The Imperial court had attempted to introduce the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) across its sphere of influence but had not been successful in winning the approval by the people of southern Kyushu.

それを知ると直ちに自らは右近衛大将に就任して空席となった左近衛中将に頼朝の後継者源頼家の推挙を実現させた。
Upon getting this news, he immediately assumed the post of Ukonoe no daisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), and successfully recommended MINAMOTO no Yoriie, Yoritomo's successor, to the Sakone no chujo (Middle Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) post that had been vacated.

法然の著書『選択集』では、各章ごとに善導や善導の師である道綽のことばを引用してから自らの見解を述べている。
In 'Senchaku Shu' authored by Honen, he quoted words by Zendo and Zendo's master, Doshaku (Tao-cho) in each chapter before commenting his own views.

自ら医術を研究して医書である「霊蘭集」を著しただけではなく、和歌・絵画にも優れた才能を持つ文化人であった。
He studied the art of medicine and later wrote a medical book titled ‘Reiran-shu’; additionally, he was a man of culture who was highly talented in drawing and waka reading.

8月2日、三成は伏見城陥落を諸大名に伝えるべく、毛利輝元や宇喜多秀家、さらに自らも連署して全国に公布する。
On August 2, Mitsunari issued to feudal lords across the country a declaration, cosigned by Mitsunari, Terumoto MORI and Hideie UKITA, stating that Fushimi Castle had fallen.

のち四男織田信良に上野小幡藩2万石を分け与え、自らは京都に住んで茶道や鷹狩りなど、悠々自適の人生を送った。
After he granted the Ueno-Obata Domain, which yielded twenty thousand koku of rice, to Nobuyoshi ODA, his fourth son, in his later days, he lived a relaxed and enjoyable life in Kyoto, enjoying the tea ceremony, falconry, and so forth.

自ら「巧匠」と名乗っていることとも合わせ、快慶は「作者」としての意識の強い仏師であったことがうかがわれる。
By signing his works 'Artisan,' it is clear that Kaikei was a sculptor who was very conscious of his position as an 'Artist.'

山崎闇斎は、人間の心（心神）は、即ち天神と同源であり同一であるとの思想から、自らの心神を自宅の祠に祀った。
His philosophy declared that the human spirit (Shinshin) and Tenjin (heavenly gods) were of the same source and were identical; Ansai YAMAZAKI enshrined his Shinshin in Hokora (a small shrine) in his house.

また、長男・松平信康の切腹に関しても、信長の要求によるものではなく、家康自らの粛清説も近年唱えられている。
In addition, the theory has recently been proposed that even the suicide by disembowelment of his son, Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA, was not due to Nobunaga's demand but Nobuyasu was purged by Ieyasu himself.

その後、侍補からの要請に乗る形で自らが宮内卿に就任することで明治政府と天皇の一体化を行う構想を抱いていた。
After that, he assumed the post of Secretary of the Imperial Household by the request of an aide and had a plan to integrate the Meiji government and the Emperor.

文治5年（1189年）7月、頼朝自ら出陣し、奥州藤原氏を滅ぼした奥州合戦においては、頼朝の中軍に従い出征。
In July 1189, Noriyori followed Yoritomo and departed for the battle of Oshu to destroy the Oshu-Fujiwara clan.

このため、いよいよ義家が自ら追討へ赴かねばならない状況になったが、嘉承元年（1106年）に義家は死去した。
Therefore, Yoshiie had to go to hunt down and kill Yoshichika, but Yoshiie passed away in 1106.

（平真樹が源護に敗れてしまうと今度は自らの領地が危うくなる可能性が高いので、しぶしぶ承知したといわれる。）
(He is said to have accepted reluctantly because he might lose his own territoty if TAIRA no Maki should be defeated by MINAMOTO no Mamoru).

歌人として東雄は多数の和歌および長歌を残しており、1840年3月には歌集『はるのうた』を自ら刊行している。
As a poet, he left many waka poems and choka (long poems) and published the collection of poetry 'Harunouta (Spring poems)' by himself in March, 1840.

グレン・グールドはアラン・ターニーによる英訳の『草枕』を愛読しており、自らラジオ番組で朗読したことがある。
Glenn Gould likes reading 'Kusamakura' translated by Alan Turney, and recited part of the book in a radio program.

自らの在国中は子の量光を上洛させ、量光の在国中は自らが上洛し、宮中に奉仕する形を採り、所領の経営を行った。
Suketsuna managed his territory by having his son Kazumitsu travel to Kyoto when Suketsuna stayed behind, and when Suketsuna traveled to Kyoto to serve in the Imperial Court, Kazumitsu would stay in the territory.

こうして明治11年（1878年）3月に自ら10万円を拠出し、旧紀州藩士族の共有資本として徳義社を設立した。
Accordingly, in March 1878 he contributed 100,000 yen and founded Tokugisha for the warrior class of the former Kishu Clan, as their common funds.

日月神示はそのほとんどが数字や記号で書記されているが、その理由を神霊自らが神示の中で次のように述べている。
The reason why Hitsuki Shinji is mostly written in numbers and symbols is told by the spirit himself in the Revelation as follows:

また、直義はここに自派の武士を集めて自らの親裁権を確保することで師直を牽制する目的もあったと言われている。
Moreover, it is said that Tadayoshi tried to ensure his authority in decision making by gathering bushi (group of warriors) supporting him to the Naidankata, aiming to keep Moronao in check.

富める人は自分の目に自らを知恵ある者と見る、しかし悟りのある貧しい者は彼を見やぶる。 (箴言 28:11)
The rich man is wise in his own eyes; but the poor who has understanding sees through him. (Proverbs 28:11)

と云うのは、むしろ市の方で二人の周囲に忽然湧き出して、自ら進んで二人を取り捲いたように思われたからである。
for the city rather seemed to spring up about them, and encompass them of its own act.

僕は早速ロンドンに直行したが、まず自らベーカー街に現われて、ハドソン夫人を驚かして、癪を起されてしまった。
I came over at once to London, called in my own person at Baker Street, threw Mrs. Hudson into violent hysterics,

したがって彼は、自分自身のことについては、自らを裁量してよしとする正当化のまさに目的をくつがえしています。
He therefore defeats, in his own case, the very purpose which is the justification of allowing him to dispose of himself.

工事施行者（開発行為に関する工事の請負人又は請負契約によらないで自らその工事を施行する者をいう。以下同じ。）
Construction executor (means either the contractor of the development activities-related construction or the person who executes the construction himself/herself without putting out the construction to contract; the same shall apply hereinafter);

都道府県又は独立行政法人種苗管理センターが生産し、かつ、農林水産大臣の定める基準に従つて自ら検査する指定種苗
Designated Seeds and Seedlings that are produced by the prefecture or the National Center for Seeds and Seedlings, Incorporated Administrative Agency, and are inspected by these bodies in accordance with the standards provided for by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries;

道隆の死後、東三条院が全てを所有していたが、死にあたって自らが後見して政界の実力者にした弟の道長に譲渡した。
After Michitaka's death, Higashi Sanjoin owned all of the properties, but when she was going to die, she trasferred them to Michinaga, her brother, whom she helped, as his guardian, to become a powerful man in politics.

しかしながら、中津はこれを謝絶して則祐には汝霖良佐を推挙し、自らは甲斐国慧林寺に赴任することにしたのである。
However, Chushin politely refused the invitation and recommended Jorin Ryosa for the position; Chushin himself decided to serve at Erin-ji Temple in Kai Province.

日本では否定的な意味で用いられた期間はそれほど長くなく、後には曹洞宗自身が自らの禅風を示すものとして用いた。
In Japan, the term Mokusho-zen did not continue to have a negative meaning for a long time, but at a later stage, it was used by the Sodo school to mean its own Zen style.

合気道では「相手の欲するところを自ら与える」などと言い、一般的に相手の攻撃に対する防御技・返し技の形をとる。
In aikido, there is a phrase, 'voluntarily offer what the opponent wants,' and defensive techniques and kaeshi waza (returning the opponent's waza (technique) immediately) are common forms.

そこに角太郎の実父、偽赤岩一角が現れ、自らの目の怪我に効く妙薬として、孕み子の肝とその母の心臓とを要求する。
Then a man falsely taking the name of Ikkaku AKAIWA, Kakutaro's biological father, showed up and requested the pre-born baby's liver and his mother's heart as miracle medicine for a wound to his eye.

崇光天皇系への皇統移行が現実となった今、自らの正統性を諡号によって示そうとした後小松の固い意志が感じ取れる。
Although the family line of imperial succession changed to Emperor Suko's line, Emperor Gokomatsu showed his considerable will to justify his own imperial line by having this posthumous name.

永禄末年頃、本山氏を降した長宗我部元親は、自らの実弟にして宣直の女婿である親貞をして吉良氏の名跡を継がせた。
Around the end of Eiroku era (1558-1570), after defeating the Motoyama clan, Motochika CHOSOKABE let his biological younger brother and Nobunao's son-in-law, Chikasada, succeed to the family name of Kira.

白河上皇は、自らの政策を企画・遂行するために中流貴族を院司とし、また院独自の軍事力として北面の武士を置いた。
The retired Emperor Shirakawa, in order to design and carry out his policy, made middle-class aristocracy Inshi (official of the In no cho, or Retired Emperor's Office), and placed Hokumen no Bushi (the Imprerial Palace Guards) as his own military force.

眉輪王の義理の父にあたる安康天皇はかつて眉輪王の父である大草香皇子を殺し、母である中磯皇女を自らの妃とした。
At one time in the past, Emperor Anko, who was the father-in-law of Prince Mayowa, killed Prince Mayowa's father, Imperial Prince Okusaka, and married Prince Mayowa's mother, Imperial Princess Nakashi.

また、在庁官人は、郡司・郷司・保司に任命されると、郡・郷・保の公領・公田を自らの所領として扱う傾向があった。
And when zaichokanjin were appointed as gunshi, goshi, and hoshi, they were likely to deal with public domains and public rice fields in gun, go, and ho as their own lands.

そのうえで自らが所属する共同体への倫理と天からあたえられた倫理が衝突した場合に武士は天倫を選択すると考えた。
He thought then that if there was a conflict between the ethics of a community to which oneself belonged and the ethics from Heaven, samurai would chose the latter.

草壁もまもなく夭折し、鸕野讚良が高市皇子等有力跡継ぎ候補を無視して自ら正式に持統天皇として即位するのである。
Prince Kusakabe also died young around the same time and Uno no Sarara ignored other rightful successors such as the Prince Takechi and officially enthroned herself to be Emperor Jito.

一説によれば、内親王と在原業平が密通して生まれた男児を引き取り、高階師尚と名付け、自らの跡を嗣がせたという。
According to some people, Mineo adopted a boy named TAKASHIMA no Morohisa, who was born between the Imperial Princess and ARIWARA no Narihira by adultery, and had him succeed Mineo.

伊藤がこうした状況の改善を試み始めたのは、岩倉が没した後の1884年に伊藤自らが宮内卿に就任した後であった。
Ito started to improve such situation after Iwakura died and he was inaugurated as the Minister of Imperial Households in 1884.

これらのうち、同国の全ての藩及び自ら陣屋を構えて領地経営を行っていた旗本のほぼ全てが藩札・旗本札を発行した。
Of them, all of the clans and almost all of the Hatamoto who placed their jinya offices to manage their territories in the province issued Han-satsu or Hatamoto-satsu.

こうして秀吉は兵力で圧倒的に優位であるにも関わらず、相次ぐ戦況悪化で自ら攻略に乗り出すことを余儀なくされた。
By this deterioration of war situation, Hideyoshi had to go out to capture by himself in spite of superiority of force.

それだけに、わずかな郎党を伴ったに過ぎないとはいえ、自らの右腕ともなり得る弟義経の到来は大きな喜びであった。
Therefore, even if with only a few soldiers, the appearance of Yoshitsune must have been a great pleasure for Yoritomo, as he expected that Yoshitsune could be his right hand,.

荻窪一帯は空襲を免れたため、荻外荘は現在でも近衛が自らの命を絶った日とさほど変らない姿をこの地に留めている。
Because the Ogikubo area escaped the bombing of Tokyo, Tekigaiso's appearance has remained virtually unchanged since Konoe ended his life there.

永正4年（1507年）には紀伊国、さらに丹後国・丹波国の一色義有をも侵攻するなど、自らの勢力の拡大を図った。
In 1507, Masamoto further expanded his domain by invading first the Province of Kii and then defeating Yoshiari ISSHIKI of the Provinces of Tango and Tanba.

自らを花の咲くことのない埋もれ木にたとえ、埋木舎（うもれぎのや）と名付けた住宅で、世捨て人のように暮らした。
He likened himself to umoregi (an unflowering bogwood), and lived as a hermit in a house called Umoreginoya.

戦前は千葉県我孫子市、京都市、奈良市などに住まい、美術に造詣を深め、美術図録『座右宝』を自ら編集し刊行した。
Before the war, he lived in places like Abiko City, Chiba Prefecture, Kyoto City, and Nara City, where he deepened his knowledge of art and edited and published an art catalog, 'Zayu-hou (Timeless Treasures).'

新平はスカウト運動の普及のために自ら10万円の大金を日本連盟に寄付し、さらに全国巡回講演会を数多く実施した。
He donated a large sum of 100 thousand yen, (roughly about 775 million yen in today's value), from his pocket money to popularize Boy Scout activities, and also held many lecture presentations for promotion throughout Japan.

総理大臣松方正義ら政府首脳が大逆罪の適用を強く主張していたこともあり、大審院は事件を自ら処理することとした。
The Prime Minister, Masayoshi MATSUKATA, and other senior Japanese governmental officials strongly insisted on the application of high treason, so the Daishin-in decided to deal with the incident by themselves.

このとき大海人皇子は、皇后を次の天皇にたて、大友皇子を皇太子にするよう進言し、あわせて自らの出家を申し出た。
At the time, Prince Oama advised Emperor Tenchi to designate the Empress as the next emperor and Prince Otomo as the crown prince, while telling that he would enter into priesthood.

こうした厳しい局面を迎えて、広瀬は自ら退身する決意を固め辞表を提出されて1894年11月、総理人を辞任した。
Facing such severe environment, HIROSE determined to resign, turned in resignation and finally resigned the administrative director in November 1894.

海老蔵は自らの俳号「壽海老人」の一時を芳次郎に贈り、同年9月から番付には「花柳壽助」の名が載るようになった。
Ebizo gave one Chinese character of his own haigo (the pen name of a haiku poet), 'Jukai Rojin' (壽海老人) to Yoshijiro, and the name of 'Jusuke HANAYAGI' (花柳壽助) had appeared on banzuke from September of the same year.

1324年（正中 (日本)元年）に後醍醐天皇の討幕計画が発覚した正中の変では自ら鎌倉へ赴いて弁明をしている。
In 1324, during the Shochu Disturbance when the anti-shogunate plot by Emperor Godaigo was uncovered, he went to Kamakura himself to defend the emperor's action.

忠実は衝撃を受け、保安 (元号)元年（1120年）自らの娘・藤原泰子も鳥羽天皇に入内させようと工作を始めた。
Tadazane was shocked, and in 1120 started moves to have his own daughter FUJIWARA no Taishi marry Emperor Toba.

伊勢神宮参詣時に受けた神勅を機に、業平が自ら聖観音像を刻み、「不退転法輪寺」と号して阿保親王の菩提を弔った。
Upon the oracle that Narihira received when he visited the Ise-jingu Shrine, he himself carved the statue of Sho Kannon, and prayed to Buddha for the consolation of the soul of dead Imperial Prince Abo at this palace, giving it the name of 'Futaiten Horin-ji Temple.'

武塔の神は北海の神で、嫁取りに南海に訪れたとされ、自ら「吾は速須佐能神（すさのおのかみ）なり」と称している。
Mutafu no kami was a deity of Hokkai (Northern provinces), and when he visited Nankai (Southern provinces) to look for a wife, he said: 'I am a deity called Susanoo.'

近衛は敗戦後にGHQよりA級戦犯者のひとりとして指名されるが、その出頭命令日前日に服毒により自ら命を絶った。
GHQ named him as a class-A war criminal, but one day before the date of his summons, he took poison and committed suicide.

受領や在庁官人は自らが築いた荘園をこうした有力者に積極的に寄進して自らは荘官としての地位を確実なものとした。
Those zuryo and zaichokanjin (local officials) consolidated their positions as shokan (an officer governing shoen manor) by voluntarily donating shoen manors which they had created to influential magnates.

愚かな者にその愚かさにしたがって答をせよ、彼が自分の目に自らを知恵ある者と見ないためだ。 (箴言 26:5)
Answer a fool according to his folly, lest he be wise in his own eyes. (Proverbs 26:5)

電子債権記録機関が自らの権限により記録すべき記録事項について、記録すべき内容と異なる内容の記録がされている場合
In case where as regards the Recorded Matters to be recorded by the Electronic Monetary Claim Recording Institution by its own authority, contents that differ from the contents to be recorded have been recorded.

各省大臣は、国務大臣の中から、内閣総理大臣がこれを命ずる。但し、内閣総理大臣が、自らこれに当ることを妨げない。
A minister shall be appointed by the Prime Minister from among the Ministers of State; provided, however, that this shall not preclude the Prime Minister from assuming such a position himself/herself.

笹井が自ら経営する賃貸物件の土地建物を売却して調達した2万円を経理部長の田丸に渡し、全従業員の年末賞与とした。
Sasai delivered 20,000 yen, which he secured by selling the land and building he owned for rental business, to the accounting manager Tamaru, and this money was used for the year end bonus for employees.

後水尾上皇は女中に変装して輿に乗り、造営中の離宮を自ら訪れて造営の指図をしたというが、真偽のほどは定かでない。
It is said that the Retired Emperor Gomizunoo visited the Imperial Villa when it was under construction, disguising himself as a maid and got onto a palanquin, to direct it's construction, but this is not confirmed as to whether it is a true story or not.

源氏は嵯峨天皇が、815年（弘仁5年）に自らの皇子・皇女32名を一挙に臣籍降下させ、源氏を賜ったことに始まる。
The name of Minamoto started when Emperor Saga demoted his 32 Princes and Princesses from nobility to subject and gave them the surname of Minamoto.

忠通は頼長を養子にしていたが、実子・近衛基実が生まれたことで摂関の地位を自らの子孫に継承させようと考えていた。
Although Tadamichi had adopted Yorinaga, he intended to have his son, Motozane KONOE, succeed his position in the clan after his son was born.

平安末期に権勢をふるった白河法皇は、自らの意に沿わないもの（天下三大不如意）の筆頭に「賀茂の水」を挙げている。
The Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa, who held the reins of power in the late Heian period, raised the issue of 'water of the Kamogawa River' first as one of his tenka-sandai-funyoi (three biggest issues on earth that he could not control).

領主の経済生活は、自らが保有する直営地からの収入と、支配下におく農奴からの義務的な貢納によって支えられていた。
The economical life of the lord consisted of the revenue from the directly managed land of his possession and the obligatory tributes from the subject serfs.

その中から、名主・荘官が自らの得分である加地子を差し引いて、残分を年貢として国衙・領家へ納入していたのである。
Myoshu/shokan deducted their share and delivered the balance to kokuga/ryoke.

それと同時に、国衙領と在庁官人の所領を支配下に入れ、自らの直轄地 - 守護領（しゅごりょう）を形成していった。
At the same time, dominating the territories of kokuga and those of the zaichokanjin, shugo formed direct control territory called shugo-ryo (shugo's territory).

鎌倉時代初期ごろになると、所領に対する自らの知行権を主張するため、その所領の作物を強制的に刈り取る者も現れた。
The early Kamakura period saw the appearance of the illegal reaping of crops to establish a claim to the ownership of the land.

その直後、伊藤は、天皇の諮問機関として枢密院 (日本)を設置し、自ら議長となって、この憲法草案の審議を行った。
Just after that, Ito established the Privy Council as a consultative body of the emperor, and he became a chair person of the Privy Council and deliberated the constitutional draft.

久木野・山野を手に入れた辺見は5月9日、自ら隊を率いて官軍に激しい攻撃を加えて撃退し、肥薩境を越えて追撃した。
On May 9, having seized Kukino and Yamano, HENMI led the troops by himself, fiercely attacked and defeated the government army, chasing it across the border between Higo and Satsuma Provinces.

その上、山縣辞任後その欠を補うため自ら元帥に就任（この場合は軍総司令官の意。これは軍権の掌握と解された）した。
In addition, he himself assumed a post of marshal after YAMAGATA resigned from the post (In this case, a marshal meant a commander in chief who is considered to seize military power).

それを作者の自らの解釈を交えながら、乱による荒廃した都、その哀惜や悲嘆、乱の原因から戦闘場面に移る克明な描写。
It depicts in vivid detail the devastated capital and the grieves and laments of war, from the causes to the scenes of fighting, while mixing in the author's own interpretations.

泰時は義時の遺領配分を政子と相談し、泰時は弟たちのために自らの配分が格段に少ない案を提示し、政子を感心させた。
Yasutoki consulted Masako about the distribution of property left by Yoshitoki, presenting a proposal that he take a far smaller amount than his younger brothers, which impressed Masako.

8月14日、義仲は後継天皇に自らが擁立した北陸宮を据えることを主張して、後白河の怒りを買う（『玉葉』同日条）。
On September 9, Yoshinaka insisted that Hokuriku no miya, whom Yoshinaka had supported, be installed as Emperor, bringing on the wrath of Goshirakawa (see the entry for the same day in the 'Gyokuyo').

また、公家茶道に通じた茶人であり、『槐記』に見られるように、自ら茶事をおこない、侘び茶人との交流でも知られる。
He was also a master of the courtly tea ceremony and the 'Kaiki' records that he performed the ceremony himself and was known for his interaction with 'wabi' tea masters.

また、これとは別に中浜万次郎が護衛を受けた際に自らの短銃を以蔵に託そうとしたが受け取らなかったとの伝承もある。
Apart from this, it was also transmitted that when Manjiro NAKANOHAMA tried to give his pistol to Izo, Izo had refused.

旗本は自らの領地に入ることがほとんどなく、家臣を代官に任命して派遣し、すべてを任せている場合がほとんどである。
Hatamoto hardly visited his own territory but instead sent their retainers, appointing them as deputies, and most of the hatamoto entrusted everything to the deputies.

養子の元雄（服部白賁）は、南郭が家族に対しても自らの履歴を隠し誕生日さえ伝えてこなかったと墓誌銘に寄せている。
His adopted child, Motoo (Haku HATTORI) wrote in the epitaph that Nankaku hid his personal history from his family, and had not told even his birth date.

天誅組は桜井寺に本陣を定め、自らを「御政府」と称し、中山忠光を主将、藤本、松本、吉村を総裁とする職制を定めた。
Tenchu-gumi placed their headquarters in Sakurai-ji Temple, called themselves 'Onseifu' (the government), and established the staff organization with Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA as the shusho (commander-in-chief), and Tesseki, Keido, and Torataro as the presidents.

そこで泰邦は西川らを京都から追放して自ら改暦を主導して宝暦4年（1754年）宝暦暦を作成して、翌年実施された。
Then, Yasukuni banished Nishikawa from Kyoto, took the lead to make the calendar amendment, made the Horyaku calendar in 1754, and executed it the next year.

百合は旗本徳山氏との間に一女町をもうけており、この町が後に池大雅と結婚し自らも画家として知られる池玉蘭である。
Yuri had a daughter named Machi with the Tokuyama clan who was a hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu), and it was Machi who later on became a painter herself and was known as IKE no Gyokuran after she married IKE no Taiga.

後白河は、成人した高倉が政務を行うようになると自らの発言力が著しく制限されることから、早期の譲位を望んでいた。
Goshirakawa desired early abdication by Takakura, because if grown-up Takakura would administer affairs of state, Goshirakawa's influence would be remarkably restricted.

また、徳子自身も積極的に自らの意思を示す性格ではなかったため、彼女に建春門院の代わりを求めるのは無理があった。
In addition, as Tokuko's character was not to positively show her own will, it was difficult to ask her to function as Kenshunmonin had.

このとき維盛は妻に対して子供のことを頼むと共に、自らに何かあったら再婚してほしいと言い残した（『平家物語』）。
Koremori pleaded to his wife to take care of his child and told her that if something happened to him, he wants her to remarry ('Heike Monogatari').

経宗は院政派には自らの割り込む余地はないと判断したらしく、藤原惟方とともに親政派としての立場を鮮明にしていく。
It seems that Tsunemune judged that there is no room for him to appear on the scene in the Insei group, and he gradually made clear his standpoint as direct administration group together with FUJIWARA no Korekata.

承安 (日本)2年（1172年）閏12月の東山歌合などに出詠している他、自らも二度にわたり歌合を主催している。
He participated in Higashiyama poetry contest in January 1173 among other poetry contests, and also hosted two of them.

タイミングを見計らった上で、第1回の地方官会議（1875年6月20日～7月17日）を、自ら議長として挙行した。
Finding an opportune moment, he opened and presided over the first assembly of the lower house of prefectural governors from June 20, 1875 to July 17, 1875.

細川氏へ取り入って自らの地位向上に努める中、政敵の排除には一向宗と法華宗の宗教対立まで利用する狡猾さを見せた。
He tried to elevate his position by gaining the favor of the Hosokawa clan, and to eliminate his political enemies he showed the cunning of using religious conflict between the Ikko and Hokke sects.

人の歩みは主によって定められる、人はどうして自らその道を、明らかにすることができようか。 (箴言 20:24)
A man's steps are from Yahweh; how then can man understand his way? (Proverbs 20:24)

人にとって、人目につかないようになり、自らの救いに注意をはらう方が、救いを無視して奇跡を行うよりも良いのです。
It is better to be unknown and take heed to oneself than to neglect oneself and work wonders.

最後にはきっと、自らが切望して得たはすのものがどんなに安っぽく価値のないものかを知って後悔する羽目になるのだ。
they will too sadly find out at the last, how vile and worthless was that which they loved.

親権を行う者は、必要な範囲内で自らその子を懲戒し、又は家庭裁判所の許可を得て、これを懲戒場に入れることができる。
A person who exercises parental authority may discipline the child to the extent necessary, or enter the child into a disciplinary institution with the permission of the family court.

前項第三号の一時保護は、婦人相談所が、自ら行い、又は厚生労働大臣が定める基準を満たす者に委託して行うものとする。
The temporary protection set forth in item 3 of the preceding paragraph shall be provided directly by Women's Consulting Offices or entrusted to parties that meet the criteria specified by the Minister of the Health, Labour and Welfare.

検察官は、自ら犯罪を捜査する場合において必要があるときは、司法警察職員を指揮して捜査の補助をさせることができる。
A public prosecutor may, when it is necessary for the prosecutor him/herself to investigate an offense, issue orders to judicial police officials and have them assist in the investigation.

当該有限責任事業組合契約によって成立する組合の重要な業務の執行の決定に関与し、かつ、当該業務を自ら執行する組合員
the partner who participates in management decisions regarding the important business activities of the partnership formed under said Limited Liability Partnership Agreement, and manages said business activities by himself/herself;

よって絵師自身が「絵師」と名乗ることはほとんどなく、「絵描き」「絵師の中の人」などと自らを呼んでいることが多い。
For this reason painters hardly call themselves eshi, but they often call themselves 'ekaki' (a painter) or 'eshi no naka no hito' (literally means 'a person inside eshi') instead.

朝鮮半島の人々は、自らの陶磁は中国陶磁と同様に高い技術をもって精緻に作られたものがその主流であるとみなしている。
The people of the Korean peninsula consider their major ceramic ware to be that which is high-quality and elaborately made like Chinese ceramic ware.

そして、この世は無常であり、すべてのものは移り変わって、永遠なるものは一つも無い、という事を自ら示しそうとした。
She tried to show the teachings of Buddhism by practicing herself that the world is transient, everything is changing and there are no permanent things.

出雲源氏佐々木義清が自らの紋としたため、その後裔である、隠岐氏、塩冶氏、佐々木義泰、高岡氏、佐世氏などが用いた。
Since Yoshikiyo SASAKI of the Izumo-Genji clan used hanawachigai-mon as his family crest, his descendants such as the Oki clan, the Enya clan, Yoshiyasu SASAKI, the Takaoka clan, and the Sase clan also used it.

また、自ら「大日本天皇昭仁親王」と記していることから、朝儀の復興を通して天皇の権威向上に努めていたことが窺える。
Additionally, he called himself 'The Great Japanese Emperor, Imperial Prince Teruhito,' so it is presumed that he tried to improve the status of the Emperor by restoring the Court Council.

一方の親王側も14歳も年下の天皇の皇太子では次期天皇としての即位の可能性は低いと考え、自ら皇太子廃位を願い出た。
Meanwhile, Imperial Prince Atsuakira's side also offered to dethrone Atsuakira; they think that Atsuakira was not likely to be enthroned as he was 14 years older than Atsuhira.

明仁・皇后美智子も非常に熱心であり諒闇（服喪中）や病気を除くとほとんどの宮中祭祀に代拝を立てず自ら出席している。
Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko are also interested in them, and they attend most Court rituals without asking someone to worship on behalf of them, apart from a period that they are sick or in mourning.

父の後醍醐天皇が、醍醐天皇・村上天皇の延喜・天暦の治を理想とし、醍醐にあやかって生前自ら後醍醐の号を定めていた。
His father, Emperor Godaigo idealized Engi, Tenryaku no chi (reign of Emperor Daigo and Murakami), and determined his title as Godaigo with respect for Emperor Daigo, before his death.

なお西園寺八郎の三男・西園寺不二男は鮎川義介の長女を娶り、自らも日産コンツェルン傘下の日産興業社長に就いている。
Hachiro Saionji's third son, Fujio SAIONJI, married the eldest daughter of Yoshisuke AYUKAWA and became the president of Nissan Kogyo K.K., a subsidiary company of the Nissan Konzern Company Group.

内容は自らを壬申の乱の天武天皇になぞらえ、皇位をだまし取る平氏を討って皇位に就くべきことを宣言するものであった。
In terms of content, Mochihito compares his own situation to that of Emperor Tenmu during the Jinshin war, and demands that the Taira clan be struck down for usurping the imperial throne and proclaims that he be raised to the imperial throne instead.

富豪層は院宮王臣家（皇族、有力貴族）と墾田開発などを通じて関係を結び、一般百姓層を自らの影響下へ置き始めていた。
The millionaires became related with Ingu oshinke (imperial families and nobles) through the reclaimed land development, and began to put common peasants under their influence.

1900年（明治33年）9月15日、超然主義の破綻と政党政治の必要性を感じた伊藤博文が自らの与党として組織した。
On September 15, 1900, Hirobumi ITO organized it as his ruling party since he became aware of the collapse of the doctrine of superiority and the necessity of party government.

条里呼称法が確定すると、有力者は自らの土地所有権を主張しやすくするため、条里に沿って墾田を開発するようになった。
As jori naming system was established, influencial people started to develop new rice fields according to jori so that they could claim their land ownership easier.

崇源院は乳母春日局に養育された家光よりも、自ら育てた忠長を溺愛したとされ、忠長を継嗣に推す者もあったと言われる。
Sugen-in loved Tadanaga whom she raised by herself more than Iemitsu who was reared by menoto (wet nurse) Kasuga no Tsubone and some backed up Tadanaga as an heir.

現在定家の自筆本はばらばらの状態で４帖残っているが、最初の方を定家自らが書き、残りを別の人間が書いたものである。
Today four quires of the manuscripts in Teika's own hand are extant in dispersed condition; several pages from the beginning were transcribed by Teika, and the rest of them were done by somebody.

丑松は、猪子にならば自らの出生を打ち明けたいと思い、口まで出掛かかることもあるが、その思いは揺れ、日々は過ぎる。
Ushimatsu felt that he would be able to disclose his background only to Inoko; although he almost speak it out in some occasions, his feeling always wavered, and the days passed by.

後世の軍記物には、この伊豆討入りに際して、早雲が修善寺に湯治と称して自ら密偵となり伊豆の世情を調べたとしている。
It is stated in the war chronicles that in preparation for the Izu Raid, Soun went to Shuzen-ji Temple, claiming to be going for a hot spring cure, and spied on Izu himself.

父信長が足利義昭より尾張守護の斯波家の家督を与えられたおり、自らは辞し息子信忠に斯波家を継承させたともいわれる。
His father Nobunaga was offered the reign over the family of the Shiba, who acted as guards of Owari, by Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, and it is said, however, that he declined and made his son Nobutada successor to the Shiba family.

こうしてみると、児島は司法権の外部からの独立は守ったが、その反面で、裁判官の判断の独立を自ら侵害したことになる。
From this point of view, while Kojima kept the independence of judicature from the outside, he violated the principle of the independent judgment of the judges.

また、小田原の陣においては、自ら勧誘した向井正綱と共に梶原景宗率いる後北条氏水軍を迎撃してこれを打ち破っている。
At the Siege of Odawara, he intercepted and beat back the naval warriors of the Gohojo clan led by Kagemune KAJIWARA.

著書には、815年（弘仁6年）一生のうちに自らがたずさわった事業を列記した「東大寺権別当実忠二十九ヶ条」がある。
His writings include 'Todaiji gon-no-betto Jicchu nijukyu kajo' (literally, the 29 rules prescribed by Jicchu, Acting Chief of the Todai-ji Temple) dated 815, where he enumerated the work he had undertaken during his lifetime.

都良香らと「日本文徳天皇実録」を撰し、また自ら「東宮切韻」「銀牓輪律」「集韻律詩」「会分類集」などを撰している。
He compiled 'Nihon Montoku Tenno Jitsuroku' (the fifth of the six classical Japanese history texts) with MIYAKO no Yoshika, and he himself wrote 'Togu Setsuin' (A phonetically arranged dictionary of rhymes), 'Ginbo Rinritsu,' 'Shuinritsu Shi,' 'Kaibunruishu' and others.

承保4年（1077年）夫の死と自らの病気によって出家、10年後に没したといわれているが、晩年の動向は不詳である。
In 1077, she became a nun because of her husband's death and her own illness, and it is believed that she died 10 years later; however, her whereabouts in her last years are unknown.

脚本はすべて同志でもあった和田に委せることが多かったが、和田の病気引退後は大部分の作品に自らが執筆参加している。
Though he often asked his colleague, Wada to make all his scripts, he participated in writing the scripts of most of his works after Wada retired because of his illness.

2007年には自らの戦争体験を脚本化した『陸に上った軍艦』（山本保博監督）で、95歳にして映画初主演を果たした。
In 2007, he debuted as a leading actor at the age of 95 in 'Riku ni Agatta Gunkan' (A Warship That Came Ashore) (directed by Yasuhiro YAMAMOTO), which is a screenplay based on his own experiences in the war.

なお、逮捕の際、保輔は自らの腹部を刀で傷つけて自害を図り、翌日その傷がもとで獄中で没したという（『続古事談』）。
It is said that he attempted to disembowel himself at the time of arrest and died of the wound the next day in jail ('Zoku kojidan'(Ancient Matters)).

“自分の作品は衣装であり化粧であり、中身の体はどうしたのか、心がけはどうしたのか”と、自らの作品制作を中断する。
Kanjiro stopped producing his own works, saying to himself, 'My works are like costumes and makeup, but what has happened to the body inside and the spirit?'

信長自身も負傷する激戦となったが、信長自らの出陣で士気が高揚した織田軍は、本願寺軍を撃破した（天王寺砦の戦い）。
Although it was such a hard battle and Nobunaga himself was injured, the Oda army's morale was raised by Nobunaga's appearance at the front-line and they defeated the Hongan-ji Temple army (the Battle of Tennoji Fort).

後宇多天皇宸翰弘法大師伝-真言密教に帰依した後宇多天皇が、自ら正和4年（1315年）に書いた弘法大師伝の自筆本。
Go-Uda Tenno (Emperor Go-Uda) Sinkan Kobo-Daishi Den - The biography of Kobo-Daishi was written by Emperor Go-Uda himself, who was devoted to Shingon Esoteric Buddhism, in 1315.

賢明なあなたがたに訴える。わたしの言うことを、自ら判断してみるがよい。 (コリント人への第一の手紙 10:15)
I speak as to wise men. Judge what I say. (1 Corinthians 10:15)

法第七条の規定による承認（以下「承認」という。）の申請は、承認を受けようとする者が自ら出頭してしなければならない。
In applying for approval provided for in Article 7 of the Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Approval'), a person who intends to obtain such an Approval shall appear himself/herself.

明治30年代、京都鉄道会社（現在の山陰本線）の創設者で貴族院議員である田中源太郎が自らの生家を改築したものである。
In around 1897 to 1906, Gentaro TANAKA, who was the founder of the Kyoto railway company (present Sanin Main Line) and a member of Kizokuin (the upper house of the Imperial Diet under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan), reformed the house where he was born into the present form.

神仏習合の一段階として、日本の神も人間と同様に罪業から逃れ自らも悟りをひらくことを望んでいるという思想が生まれた。
As a stage of syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism there came the idea that the god of Japan hoped to escape from crime and achieve enlightenment as well as human beings.

のち他阿号を世襲）に譲り、自らは相模国に草庵（後の当麻道場金光院無量光寺）を建立して独住（定住）し、そこで没した。
Later inherited the name Taa), and constructed a thatched hut (which went on to become the Muryoko-ji sub-temple of Konko-in Temple Toma dojo-seminary) in Sagami Province where he lived alone until his death.

またこの縁起の法については以下のように述べ、縁起はこの世の自然の法則であり、自らはそれを識知しただけであるという。
It is also said that he mentioned the principle of engi (as shown below); he said that engi is a principle of nature in this world, and that he simply acknowledged it.

幕府は、江戸に設置された各宗派の「触頭」を通じて、自らの意向を宗派の末寺に対して周知徹底させることが可能になった。
The incorporation also enabled the shogunate to ensure that its intention regarding Buddhism was made known to all branch temples through each sect's 'furegashira' (administrative head temple) in Edo.

解制（制中期間の終了）後、首座は住職の代理として他の修行僧達を相手に法問答を行い自らの境地を示さなければならない。
After the kaisei (end of a seichu period), the shuso, as a representative of the chief priest, must express his own spiritual state by answering questions related to Dharma from the other ascetic monks.

この自賛は、日本の画家が自らの画業について語ったものとしては最古のものであり、日本人画家としての自負がうかがえる。
This Jisan was the oldest among what Japanese painters have described about their works, and reflected his self-pride as Japanese painter.

また、鍋料理のように、素材のまま出し、食べる人が自ら味付けや調理を行う料理法は、他の国にあまり例がないようである。
A cooking method that eaters themselves season or cook raw materials served like a one-pot dish cooked at the table seems to be rare in other countries.

当時27歳の映画監督マキノ雅弘が、自ら開発した録音機材を投入して設立した初期のトーキー映画のプロダクションである。
It was a production company of talkie movies in early times established by Masahiro MAKINO, who was then 27-year-old film director in order to produce talkie films with a recorder developed by himself.

「ここにその御髪を握れば、御髪自ら落ち、その御手を握れば、玉の緒また絶え、その御衣を握れば、御衣すなはち破れつ。」
However, her hair fell down to the ground as soon as they grabbed it, and the tamanoo broke when they grabbed her hand, and additionally, her clothes were torn when they grabbed her clothes.'

幼い皇帝が即位した場合、その後見として皇太后が付くことが多いため、自らの親族を補佐の為に取り立てることも多かった。
When a very young emperor ascended the throne, the empress dowager was generally appointed as his guardian, and therefore the empress dowager often raised her own relatives to support herself.

山城国田原に逃れた信西は源光保の追撃を振り切れず、郎等の藤原師光（西光）らに命じて自らを地中に埋めさせて自害した。
Shinzei, who had fled to Tawara in Yamashiro Province, found himself unable to shake off MINAMOTO no Mitsuyasu's pursuit, so he ordered FUJIWARA no Morimitsu (also known as Saiko) and his other retainers to bury him in the earth, thereby committing suicide.

織田信忠は寺を焼き討ちし、寺の和尚である快川紹喜は「心頭滅却すれば火も自ら涼し…」という辞世を残し炎の中に消えた。
Nobutada ODA burnt down the temple, and the temple priest, Kaisen Joki, died in the fire, leaving the well-known farewell words, 'Suppress your self, and even fire is cool.'

宗麟は秀吉に出馬を何度も促し、翌天正15年（1587年）正月、秀吉は九州侵攻の軍令を下し、3月には自らも出陣した。
As Sorin repeatedly encouraged Hideyoshi to move forward, Hideyoshi issued a military order to invade Kyushu in February and March 1587, and he dispatched himself in April and May.

戦国時代 (日本)には数多くの謀反が起こって家臣が主君を追って自ら大名になる事件、「下克上」が起こるようになった。
During the Warring States Period, many muhon incidents called 'gekokujo' (revolt by vassals against their lords to take over daimyo [Japanese territorial lord]) happened.

国会期成同盟では国約憲法論を掲げ、その前提として自ら憲法を作ろうと翌1881年までに私案を持ち寄ることを決議した。
The Kokkai Kisei Domei took the stance that a constitution should be formulated through wide-ranging consultation rather than granted from above and voted that they would prepare drafts by next year 1881.

なおこの先例は、後に義満が嫡男足利義持に将軍職を譲って出家した後に、自らが幕府の会議を主宰するためにも用いられた。
Note that this precedent was later used by Yoshimitsu who, after passing down the post of shogun to his heir Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA and becoming priest, applied it so that he could personally preside over meetings in the shogunate administration.

明治6年（1873年）、内務省 (日本)を設置し、自ら初代内務卿として実権を握ると地租改正や徴兵令などを実施した。
In 1873 he established the Ministry of Home Affairs, took charge by assuming the post of Secretary of Interior for himself and executed land-tax reform and a conscription ordinance.

しかし義景は、次第に政務を放棄して一族の朝倉景鏡や朝倉景健らに任せて、自らは遊興に耽るようになったと言われている。
However, it is said that Yoshikage gradually abandoned government affairs, left them in the family to Kageakira ASAKURA and Kagetake ASAKURA, and pursued his pleasures.

政宗が病床についた際は、医者を手配した上で江戸中の寺社に快癒の祈祷を行わせ、死の3日前には家光自らが見舞いにきた。
When Masamune became ill, Iemitsu arranged a doctor and ordered all shrines and temples in Edo to offer a prayer for his recovery; Iemitsu himself visited Masamune 3 days before Masamune's death.

桐野は自ら三箇小隊を率いて山鹿に向かい、政府軍を挟撃して高瀬を占領しようとしたが、互いに勝敗あって戦線が膠着した。
Kirino led three platoons toward Yamaga and tried to conduct a pincer operation against the government forces and occupy Takase, but the front got stuck with both parties having wins and defeats.

しかし、入江若水を通じて古文辞学を知り、自らは病弱であったため弟の士郎を江戸に遊学させて荻生徂徠に入門させている。
However, Meika, who learnt kobunjigaku (study of ancient rhetoric school) through Jakusui IRIE but was physically weak, sent his younger brother Shiro to Edo to study it there in pace of himself under Sorai OGYU.

また、自らは、2月12日、長崎に入り、海軍警備兵を率いて大村、武雄を経て3月1日に佐賀に入城、乱の鎮圧に当たった。
On February 12, he went to Nagasaki leading Kaigun Keibihei (naval security guards) and entered the Saga-jo Castle on March 1 by way of Omura and Takeo to surpress the rebellion.

1888年、北海道庁長官に後輩の永山武四郎が就くと自らは理事官を辞して北海道炭礦鉄道（後の北海道炭礦汽船）を設立。
When his younger clique member, Takeshiro NAGAYAMA took the position as the Governor of the Hokkaido Government in 1888, HORI left the position of the government director, and he established the Hokkaido Colliery and Railway Company (it is the future Hokkaido Colliery and Shipping Company).

1811年に家督相続するも、1815年に弟に家督を譲り、自らは御所御用達と通例の塗師職（大名向け漆器制作）を営業。
Although he took over the family business in 1811, he yielded his position to his younger brother in 1815 and started his own business of lacquering as one of the vendors to the Imperial Court and as an ordinary nurishi for daimyo lords.

長男であったが妾腹のために、本拠の足利庄を嫡出である異母弟の義兼に譲って、自らは平安京において統子内親王に仕える。
Since he was the eldest son but born out of wedlock, Yoshikiyo gave his home in the Ashikagasho district to his younger paternal half-brother, Yoshikane, and served for Imperial Princess Muneko at Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto).

しかし圧倒的多数の明智軍を前には敵わず、居間に戻った信長は自ら火を放ち、燃え盛る炎の中で自害したと伝えられている。
It is said that, however, he could not continue to fight against the overwhelming majority composing the Akechi army, went back to his room, set fire to himself and committed suicide in the burning fire.

一方、結局弘前藩の跡取りになれなかった大道寺直秀は、自らは福島正則の孫であるとして、このときすでに改易されていた。
On the other hand, Naohide DAIDOJI, who wasn't eligible for the heir of the Hirosaki Domain but asserted himself as a grandchild of Masanori FUKUSHIMA, had already been punished by being deprived of his fief.

当研究林は、かつては自ら収益を上げることである程度の独立採算を図ることと大学の財政運営に寄与することが求められた。
In the past, it was requested that operation of the research forest finance itself to some extent by earning income by itself and contribute to the finance of the university.

論社には、他者の研究によって後裔社だとされることもあるが、その神社自らが式内社であると主張する場合も多く見られる。
The Ronja shrines include many shrines that they themselves insist are Shikinaisha as well as some shrines which are acknowledged to be a descendant shrine by external researchers.

自分の目に自らを知恵ある者とする人を、あなたは見るか、彼よりもかえって愚かな人に望みがある。 (箴言 26:12)
Do you see a man wise in his own eyes? There is more hope for a fool than for him. (Proverbs 26:12)

自ら無感覚になって、ほしいままにあらゆる不潔な行いをして、放縦に身をゆだねている。 (エペソ人への手紙 4:19)
who having become callous gave themselves up to lust, to work all uncleanness with greediness. (Ephesians 4:19)

これが、彼自らわたしたちに約束された約束であって、すなわち、永遠のいのちである。 (ヨハネの第一の手紙 2:25)
This is the promise which he promised us, the eternal life. (1 John 2:25)

それから彼は若者の一人に脇に寄るように求め、そして、デカンターをつかみ、自ら相当量のウィスキーをなみなみとついだ。
Then he asked one of the young men to move aside, and, taking hold of the decanter, filled out for himself a goodly measure of whisky.

もし探偵が、自ら集めた手がかりを分析することによっては結論に達しないのであれば、彼は問題を解いたことにはならない。
and if the detective does not reach his conclusions through an analysis of those clues, he has no more solved his problem

ですから、この問題を隅から隅まで語りつくそうとしたいなら、こうした革新者が自らを恃むのか他人をあてにしているのか、
It is necessary, therefore, if we desire to discuss this matter thoroughly, to inquire whether these innovators can rely on themselves or have to depend on others:

武具をつけると、徒歩だちの大将たちを自らの戦車の前に配し、その後ろには槍兵を、軍勢の両翼には弓兵と投石兵を置いた。
He put on his armour, and arrayed the chiefs on foot in front of their chariots, and behind them came the spearmen, with the bowmen and slingers on the wings of the army.

接受機構は自らの負担でこの協定の附属書四に規定された日程に従い明示される一時的な宿泊施設をイーター機構に提供する。
The Host Organization shall provide, free of charge to the ITER Organization, the temporary accommodation for the ITER Organization as specified and in accordance with the schedule set out in Annex 4 to this Agreement.

行政機関の長は、法令に基づく場合を除き、利用目的以外の目的のために保有個人情報を自ら利用し、又は提供してはならない。
The head of an Administrative Organ shall not, except as otherwise provided by laws and regulations, use by himself or herself or provide another person with Retained Personal Information for purposes other than the Purpose of Use.

自ら分別基準適合物を製品（燃料として利用される製品にあっては、政令で定めるものに限る。）の原材料として利用すること。
Personally utilizing waste containers and packaging that conform to the sorting standards as raw materials of products (for products utilized as fuel, limited to those specified by Cabinet Order)

前項の規定による審査の申請（以下この節において単に「審査の申請」という。）は、これを行う者が自らしなければならない。
The person who files a claim for review pursuant to the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to simply as 'claim for review' in this Section) shall act as his/her own agent in filing the claim.

この法律に定める申請、登録証明書の受領若しくは提出又は署名は、自ら当該市町村の事務所に出頭して行わなければならない。
The application, receipt or submission of the registration certificate and signature, which are provided for in this Act, shall be performed by the alien by appearing in person in the municipal office of the city, town or village concerned.

檀越や門弟が避難することを求めたが、応じず、自ら洪水中に身を置き、水が引いた後も禅堂に坐したまま没していた、という。
Despite danotsu's (the supporters of the temple) and his pupils' urgent request to evacuate, he remained seated at a zen hall even while the hall was being inundated, and eventually, he was found dead, seated in a zen position after the water receded.

念仏踊り（ねんぶつおどり）とは、踊り手と歌い手が分かれているもので、自ら念仏を唱えながらおどる踊念仏とは区別される。
Nenbutsu-odori is a kind of dance where the dancing and singing are performed by different people, and can be distinguished from odori nenbutsu which is performed by a single person who dances and chants a Buddhist sutra at the same time.

一方、現代の日本人は特定の信仰宗教、宗教観を持っていないものが大多数であり、自らを仏教徒と強く意識する機会は少ない。
On the other hand, most Japanese these days do not have a specific religion or religious beliefs, and have few opportunities to be conscious of themselves as Buddhists.

(上方落語から身を引いてヘルスセンターに社員として勤務していたが、その舞台に自ら上がるなど、何かしら芸はしていた。)
(He resigned Kamigata Rakugo and worked for a health center as an employee, but he performed somehow, for example on the stage there.)

1981年（昭和56年）10月、「松本幸四郎」の名跡を長男の松本幸四郎 (9代目)に譲り、自らは「松本白鸚」を襲名。
In October of 1981, he passed name 'Koshiro MATSUMOTO' to his eldest son who became 'Koshiro MATSUMOTO IX' and changed his own name to 'Hakuo MATSUMOTO.'

もともと帷子辻は、こうして自らをなげうって人々の魂を救済しようとした壇林皇后のありがたい遺志の源であったはずである。
Originally, 'Katabiragatsuji' was the place where the gracious but painful last wish of Empress Danrin, who saved people's souls at the sacrifice of her life must have been lying.

「マキノ青司」名で自ら脚本執筆、『雲母阪』のタイトル、阪東の主演で映画化、2か月後の6月20日には完成、公開された。
Makino himself authored the film script under the pen name of 'Seiji MAKINO' and the film titled 'Kirara Zaka' starring Tsumasaburo BANDO was completed two months later and released on June 20.

以仁王の死後も頼朝は自らの関東支配の大義名分として以仁王の「令旨」を掲げ、寿永改元後も治承年号の文書を発給している。
Even after prince Mochihito's death, Yoritomo was able to point to his 'princely command' as a just cause to rally the portions of the Kanto region under Yoritomo's own control, and continued to issue documents bearing the Jisho era name even after the era name was changed to Juei (arguing thereby that the current emperor's administration was illegitimate).

地頭たちは荘園・公領において、勧農の実施などを通じて自らの支配を拡大していったため、荘園領主との紛争が多く発生した。
The jitos operated the kanno (encouragement of agriculture) in shoen and koryo and expanded their dominance and so many disputes with the lords of shoens happened.

受領は、自らの判断で国内支配することが許されたため、郡司・田堵・負名・百姓層から苛烈な収奪をすることが可能となった。
The Zuryo was entitled to control over his own province at their own discretion, allowing them to collect taxes strictly from Gunji (local magistrates), Tato, Fumyo (tiller of the public rice field), and farmers.

しかしながら、晴信は「信濃守護の職責を果たすため他国の侵略と戦っている」と自らの正当性を主張して、逆に景虎を責めた。
However, Harunobu insisted his legitimacy saying that 'we are fighting invasion from other provinces to fulfill the responsibility of the shugo post of Shinano province,' and accused Kagetora instead.

信仰のあり方は一神教的な救済論的なものではなく、習俗的な穏やかなものであり、自らを「信者」とはみなさない場合も多い。
The style of their religion is not based on monotheistic theories of salvation but instead on moderate custom, and there are many people who don't regard themselves as 'devotees'.

南宗寺に徳川秀忠・家光が上洛した際に自ら参拝していることや、東照宮が勧請されていたこともその傍証とされることがある。
Also, when Hidetada and Iemitsu went to Kyoto Capital, they paid respect to the tomb in Nanso-ji Temple and earnestly requested the establishment of Tosho-gu Shrine, an act which also supports the theory that the tomb in Nanso-ji Temple is the tomb of the real Ieyasu.

1694年（元禄7年）、信武は、創業功臣の裔である重臣生駒三左衛門、田中五郎兵衛を討ち果たしたが自らも自害を遂げた。
In 1694, Nobutake murdered his senior vassals, Saemon IKOMA and Gorobe TANAKA, who were the descendants of the retainers who contributed to founding the domain, and killed himself.

征夷大将軍・足利義尚は1487年（長享元年）8月に、幕府の威信回復を目指し自ら六角氏へ征伐（長享・延徳の乱）を行う。
Seitaishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA himself commanded the army to conquer the Rokkaku clan (Chokyo-Entoku Wars) to restore the dignity of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

が、源氏は娘と文のやり取りを交わすうちにその教養の深さや人柄に惹かれ、ついに八月自ら娘のもとを訪れて契りを交わした。
However, while exchanging letters with her, Genji found himself attracted to her because she was so well-educated and good-natured, and in August, he finally himself visited her and they traded vows.

挙兵当時の頼朝は自らの所領や子飼いの武士団もなく、独立心の強い東国武士達が自らの権益を守るために担いだ存在であった。
The warriors of eastern Japan, who neither had their own territories nor their own troops, but were very individualistic, supported Yoritomo in order to protect their vested interests.

長和4年（1015年）10月、譲位の圧力に対して天皇は道長に准摂政を宣下して除目を委任し、自らは与らぬことを詔する。
In October, 1015, under the pressure to pass down his throne the Emperor ordered Michinaga to be the Associate Regent and delegated the Jimoku ceremony (a ceremony for the periodical appointment of the government), and he declared that he would not be involved.

清盛も頼盛を完全に排除するのは得策でないと判断したようで、以後は自らの手足として積極的に活用する動きが見受けられる。
It also seems that Kiyomori judged it to be an imprudent policy to completely exclude Yorimori, and thereafter he looked for ways to have Yorimori act as his right hand man.

1703年自らの片腕だった鷹司兼熙に関白職と藤氏長者を譲り、1707年には長男の近衛家熈が関白・藤氏長者に就任する。
Motohiro passed the Kanpaku and Toshi choja (chieftain of the Fujiwara family) positions to his right-hand man, Kanehiro TAKATSUKASA, in 1703, and in 1707 his eldest son, Iehiro KONOE, became Kanpaku and Toshi choja.

皇室にもたびたび絵を献上し、太平洋戦争中には自らが売却した絵の代金を戦闘機の制作費用として軍に寄付するなどしていた。
He frequently presented his paintings to the Imperial Family, and during the Pacific War he contributed the proceeds from the sale of his own paintings to the military for the manufacture of fighter planes.

そして、井月の半生をその死まで思い描きつつ、井月に自らや山井の姿を重ね合わせ、感慨にふけるという筋書きになっている。
While reading, he imagines half of Seigetsu's life till his death, sees his and YAMAI's reflections in it and was buried in thoughts, which is the outline of the story.

狩野典信以来、木挽町家に引き継がれてきた古画の学習を、養信は一段とおしすすめ、大和絵を完全に自らの画風に取り入れた。
Osanobu further advanced the study of ancient paintings succeeded for generations in the Kobikicho house since Michinobu KANO, and completely mastered and incorporated the techniques of Yamato-e painting (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura periods dealing with Japanese themes) into his painting style.

続いて斯波高経が後任となった際に自らは「管領」を名乗り、嫡男斯波義将に「執事」の称号を名乗らせて共同で政務を執った。
When Takatsune SHIBA suceeded the position, he called himself 'Kanrei,' gave the title of 'shitsuji' to his eldest son Yoshimasa SHIBA and jointly administered the affairs of state.

あなたがもし愚かであって自ら高ぶり、あるいは悪事を計ったならば、あなたの手を口に当てるがよい。 (箴言 30:32)
'If you have done foolishly in lifting up yourself, or if you have thought evil, put your hand over your mouth. (Proverbs 30:32)

たしかに、こういう人たちは、邪道に陥り、自ら悪と知りつつも、罪を犯しているからである。 (テトスヘの手紙 3:11)
knowing that such a one is perverted, and sins, being self-condemned. (Titus 3:11)

彼についてこの望みをいだいている者は皆、彼がきよくあられるように、自らをきよくする。 (ヨハネの第一の手紙 3:3)
Everyone who has this hope set on him purifies himself, even as he is pure. (1 John 3:3)

それは真理を愛するがゆえに、あえて懐疑しつづけることもないが、不確かな信念で自らを消し去ることもしない懐疑なのです。
It is doubt which so loves truth that it neither dares rest in doubting, nor extinguish itself by unjustified belief;

寛文七年に母の妙種の喪を営み、摂津の高槻にいたり一月あまり留まるがその翌年正月に病を得て、自ら死期を悟って深草に帰る。
In 1667, after he held the funeral of his mother Myoshu, he went to Takatsuki, Settsu, and stayed there for more than a month, where he became sick in January the next year, and knowing that he was about to die, came back to Fukakusa.

1693年（元禄6年）武蔵国上落合村（現在東京都新宿区）に泰雲寺を創建し、白翁を勧請開山にむかえ、自らは2世を称した。
In 1693, she built Taiun-ji Temple in Kamiochiai village, Musashi Province (now Shinjuku-ku Ward, Tokyo Prefecture) with having HAKUO as kaizan (a founder of temple as the first chief priest) and called herself second founder.

南北朝時代_(日本)以後、これらの衆徒は自らの支配地域を獲得して領主化し、興福寺の権威を背景に更なる勢力拡大を図った。
After the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), these shuto became the lords of their ruling areas and tried to expand their powers against the background of the power of Kofuku-ji Temple.

如来は、この法を自ら覚し、等正覚（とうしょうがく）を成じ、諸の衆生のために分別し演説し開発（かいほつ）顕示するのみなり
There is only one thing to do: nyorai must seek this principle (of engi) on his/her own accord and attain enlightenment, and he/she must unravel it to the ordinary people by explicating and demonstrating.

どの酒造組合がそういう傾向を持つかは、一般消費者が各種の日本酒イベントへ行ったときに、自らの目で見聞することができる。
General consumers can see with their own eyes when they visit various sake events where sake brewers associations have such a tendency.

オリオン座は、アルテミスがアポロンの策略によって、自らオリオンを弓矢で射抜いたため、死に至り天空に星座として象られた。
The origin of Orion is as follows; Orion was shot to death by Artemis because of Apollo's plot and was imitated in the heaven.

「呼吸力」は盛平が自らの武道を確立する過程で生み出した造語であり、「合気」を盛平独自の主観を通して表現したものである。
Breath power' is a coined termed created by Morihei in the process of establishing his martial art, and it's an expression of 'aiki' through Morihei's unique point of view.

酵母が、自ら分解によって生じたアルコール分があまり多くなると、そのアルコール濃度の高さゆえに死滅してしまうからである。
If the alcohol produced by decomposition by the yeast itself is too much, then the yeast cells are killed because of the high concentration of alcohol.

慈悲深く、天文9年（1540年）6月、疾病終息を発願して自ら書いた「般若心経」の奥書には「今茲天下大疾万民多阽於死亡。
In his benevolence, the Emperor prayed in June 1540 that he might recover from his illness, and wrote an inscription that usually proceeds the colophon; ''The Wisdom Sutras,' it said, 'This year many people died from the disease all over the country.

『平家物語』によれば、合戦前の軍議で軍監の梶原景時は合戦の先陣になることを望むが、義経は自らが先陣に立つとはねつけた。
According to the 'Heike monogatari,' leaders at the war council held before the battle wished to have commander Kagetoki KAJIWARA lead the vanguard in the battle, but Yoshitsune spurned their advice and appointed himself leader of the vanguard.

つづいて自らの利権を失うことを恐れた本願寺も信長に反発、全国の一向一揆を動員して10年間徹底的に抗戦した（石山合戦）。
Then Hongan-ji Temple, which was afraid of losing their interests, opposed Nobunaga and offered resistance for ten years by mobilizing ikko ikki (an uprising of Ikko sect followers) all over Japan (Ishiyama War).

文化の担い手としての天皇や公家は、この戦乱の時代には、文化の相伝に存在意義を見出すことを強いられ、自らも見出していた。
Emperors and court nobles as supporters of culture were forced to find their significance of existence in handing down culture and they themselves did so.

1493年（明応2年）には自ら自治を放棄する集会を開き惣国は解体され、新しい守護の伊勢貞陸の支配下に入ることになった。
In 1493, the sokoku held a meeting to abandon its autonomy and the organization was dismantled; the community was then put under the rule of Sadamichi ISE, a newly appointed shugo.

これは、自ら結成した新党を政権基盤とする政権を樹立し、政友会への依存からの脱却と山縣からの自立を企図するものであった。
Katsura contemplated establishing his new administration based on the party of his own, and thereby freeing himself from the dependence on the Seiyukai and on Yamagata.

（細井説では、「群臣による天皇擁立」を阻止するために、称徳天皇が最後の段階で自らの手で白壁王を後継としたとしている。）
(In Hosoi's view Empress made Prince Shirakabe her successor at the final stage to prevent 'enthronement of the Emperor by the whole body of officials'.)

超然主義を取って議会との対立を続けるよりも自らが目指す近代国家の方向性を実現させるための政党結成に乗り出す事を考えた。
He started to think of forming a new political party that would lead a modern nation that he wished to create instead of supporting transcendentalism and continuing to have a conflict with the Diet.

誅伐された弟建は死に臨み、その武勇を嘆賞し、自らをヤマトヲグナと名乗る小碓命に譲って倭建（ヤマトタケル）の号を献じた。
The executed younger brother Takeru, at the moment of his death, lauded Ousu no Mikoto's bravery, and gave the name of Yamato Takeru to him, who had been called Yamato Oguna.

「日本映画史に残る大失敗作」「大佛が作家としての自身のキャリアに自ら疵を付けた」と酷評された程の悲惨な結果に終わった。
It came to a miserable end when it was severely criticized as 'the flop that would go down in Japanese movie history,' or 'Osaragi stained his own career as a writer.'

天文23年（1554年）、利政は家督を子の斎藤義龍へ譲り、自らは常在寺で剃髪入道を遂げて道三と号し、鷺山城に隠居した。
In 1554, Toshimasa (Dosan) passed on his family estate to his son, Yoshitatsu SAITO, shaved his head at Jozai-ji Temple to enter Buddhist priesthood, named himself Dosan and went into retirement at Sagiyama-jo Castle.

父・兼家の葬儀の際、道長の堂々たる態度を見た名高い武士の源頼光は将帥の器であると感嘆して、自ら従うようになったという。
At the funeral of the father, Kaneie, MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, a renowned warrior who observed Michinaga's dignified demeanor, admired him saying that he had the caliber of a general, and he followed his example.

次代将軍である徳川家綱を始めとする自らの息子たちを孝子の養子としないなど、生涯を通して孝子を忌み嫌いかつ冷遇し続けた。
He did not allow his sons, including Ietsuna TOKUGAWA who was to be the fourth shogun, become adopted children of Takako and continued to dislike her and treat her coldly throughout his life.

早朝、西郷隆盛自ら桐野・村田・池上・別府らを随えて和田峠頂上で指揮したが、大敗して延岡の回復はならず、長井村へ退いた。
In early morning, Takamori SAIGO himself commanded from the top of Wada Pass, accompanied by Kirino, Murata, Ikegami, and Beppu, but they were bitterly defeated and could not recover Nobeoka, and retreated to Nagai-mura.
Early in the morning, Takamori SAIGO himself ruled Kirino, Murata, Ikenoue, and Beppu, and directed from the top of Wada Pass; however, they were totally defeated, couldn't recapture Nobeoka, and retreated to Nagai-mura.

荏名神社から南方に大きな松が生い茂る丘があるが、大秀は松室岡（むろまつおか）と名付け、生前から自らの墓地と定めていた。
There is a hill with a large pine tree to the south of Ena-jinja Shrine, which Ohide named Muromatsu-oka Hill (matsu = pine) and designated to his graveyard.

ここで臨時全国宝物取調掛を設置して自ら委員長となり、旧知のフェノロサや天心が委員を務めて文化財の調査・保護に当たった。
Here, he set up a bureau for provisional national inspection of treasure where he became its chairman and Fenollosa and Tenshin became its members, to inspect and preserve cultural properties.

『古今著聞集』には、逝去して間もない良通が良経の夢枕に現れ、自らの無念の思いを込めた漢詩を吟じる説話が収録されている。
It is said in 'Kokon Chomon ju (A Collection of Tales Heard, Past and Present)' that soon after his death, Yoshimichi appeared in Yoshitsune's dream and recited a Chinese-style poem including his regrets.

このまま朽ちるのを惜しんだ日本画家の橋本関雪が、大正3年（1914年）自らの別邸として購入し、後今のような寺院となる。
Kansetsu HASHIMOTO, a Japanese-style painter who did not want to allow the teahouse to fall into decay, bought it as his own second residence in 1914, and later it became the temple as we know it today.

年官年爵を有する者が、官職の給与を自らの所得とする一方、成功 (任官)により位階任官を求める者に対して官名のみ授けた。
A person having nenkan (a right granted to members of the Imperial family and some Court nobles to nominate a person for a certain government post) and nenshaku (a right granted to a retired emperor, the mother of the Empress Dowager, the Empress Dowager and the Empress to nominate a person for a certain rank) took the salaries given to the government posts while conferring only the official name of a government office on those who requested a court rank appointment for their success.

その意味では譜代大名の名誉職的な意味合いが強い職であったが、酒井忠清・井伊直弼のように自らに権力を集中させる者もいた。
In that sense, Tairo was rather a honorary post for Fudai daimyo (a daimyo who had belonged to the Tokugawa group before the battle of Sekigahara), but some at the post, such as Tadakiyo SAKAI and Naosuke II, concentrated power into their hands.

24日、皇子は自ら立って伊勢に向かう途中で、莬田郡（後の宇陀郡）の郡家のそばで湯沐の米を運ぶ伊勢国の駄50匹に会った。
On 24, Oama no miko, who was leading the army to Ise, ran into 50 horses from Ise Province, carrying rice harvested in Tomoku, near Gunke in Uda Gun (later Uda Gun.)

労働基準主管局長及び都道府県労働局長は、下級官庁の権限を自ら行い、又は所属の労働基準監督官をして行わせることができる。
The Director-General of the Labor Standards Management Bureau and the directors of Prefectural Labor Offices may themselves exercise powers of subordinate government agencies or may have labor standards inspectors belonging to their offices exercise such powers.

そこでソロモンは言った、「主は日を天に置かれた。しかも主は自ら濃き雲の中に住まおうと言われた。 (列王紀1 8:12)
Then Solomon said, 'Yahweh has said that he would dwell in the thick darkness. (1 Kings 8:12)

御旨の奥義を、自らあらかじめ定められた計画に従って、わたしたちに示して下さったのである。 (エペソ人への手紙 1:9)
making known to us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure which he purposed in him (Ephesians 1:9)

しかし、愛する者たちよ。あなたがたは、最も神聖な信仰の上に自らを築き上げ、聖霊によって祈り、 (ユダの手紙 1:20)
But you, beloved, keep building up yourselves on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Spirit. (June 1:20)

しかし哀しいかな、自らの苦しみを知らない人達は、そして一層哀しいかな、そのみじめで堕落しやすい生活を愛している人達は。
But woe to those who know not their own misery, and yet greater woe to those who love this miserable and corruptible life.

しかしどんな優秀な分析者・観察者であっても、自らの行為を決定する無意識的動機を発見、特定することはなかなか困難である。
The most subtle analyst, the most acute observer, is scarcely successful in discovering more than a very small number of the unconscious motives that determine his conduct.

自らを普遍教会とよぶカトリック教会の軛を最初に壊した人たちは、教会同様、宗教的意見の相違を認めようとはしませんでした。
Those who first broke the yoke of what called itself the Universal Church, were in general as little willing to permit difference of religious opinion as that church itself.

さらに言えば、君主が他に国家を持っておらず、本人自らがそこに住みつかざるをえないときのほうが、事態を容易にするのです。
Further, it facilitates matters when the prince, having no other state, is compelled to reside there in person.

神聖ローマ帝国皇帝ヘンリー5世に、教会が自らの指導者を選ぶ権利を認めるという協定に署名させたローマ法王（1124年没）
pope who in 1122 forced the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V to sign a concordat that recognized the right of the church to choose its own leadership (died in 1124)

補佐人の陳述は、当事者又は訴訟代理人が直ちに取り消し、又は更正しないときは、当事者又は訴訟代理人が自らしたものとみなす。
Statements made by an assistant in court, unless immediately retracted or corrected by a party or counsel, shall be deemed to have been made by the party or counsel him/herself.

『仏祖統紀』では、梁 (南朝)の蕭衍の大同 (梁)4年（538年）に帝自ら鶏鳴寺で盂蘭盆斎を設けたことが伝えられている。
The work 'Bussotoki' describes how Emperor Sho En of Ryo of the Southern Dynasty himself offered an urabonsai service (offering food to monks and nuns) in 538 at Keimei-ji Temple.

釜を据えて湯を沸かし、巫女などが自ら、あるいは周囲の人にその湯を降りかけて清める湯立に、採物あるいは着面の神楽が加わる。
Yudate, a rite that miko and others boil water in a caldron and splash the hot water on themselves or people around to purify them, is joined by kagura dance played either by a miko with torimono or by a masked Noh player.

これは朝鮮戦争時に日本にやってきたエチオピア兵が演歌に感動してその特徴を研究し、それを自らの音楽に取り入れたためである。
This is because Ethiopian soldiers who stopped in Japan during the Korean War were impressed by the enka music, studied its characteristics, and introduced these characteristics into their own music.

この結果、治天になれなければ、自らの子孫へ皇位継承できないことを意味しており、治天の座を獲得することは死活問題であった。
As the result of this, it was necessary to become Chiten to pass the Imperial succession to his descendant, therefore it was a matter of life and death to obtain the position of Chiten.

居所から今出川と称し、また、菊花を好んだことから邸宅に菊花が多数植えられ、衆人から菊の亭と呼ばれ、自らも菊亭とも称した。
He named himself Imadegawa from the address and, as he liked chrysanthemums (kiku), a large number of chrysanthemums were planted in his mansion and people called him kikunotei and he named himself Kikutei.

これ以降、秀吉をはじめとする羽柴家の人物は自らの名乗りに専ら「豊臣」を使うようになり、いかなる名字も使用した形跡は無い。
After that, Hideyoshi and the other members of the Hashiba family began to use solely 'Toyotomi' to present themselves, and not a single use of any other myoji (family names) by them is traced.

そのため信長は、明智光秀と細川藤孝を使者として義昭のもとに送り、自らの剃髪と人質を差し出すことを条件にして和睦を求めた。
So, Nobunaga sent Mitsuhide AKECHI and Fujitaka HOSOKAWA as emissaries to Yoshiaki in order to make peace with him on the condition that he would take the tonsure and send hostages.

にも関わらず、7月3日に足利義昭は勅命を破棄して再度挙兵し、二条城に三淵藤英を入れて守らせ、自らは槇島城に立て籠もった。
In spite of that, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA abondoned the imperial command, raised yet another army and barricaded himself and his army in Makishima-jo Castle while making Fujihide MITSUBUCHI guard Nijo-jo Castle.

ここに中央政府の地方への求心力が失墜し、各地豪族は自ら力を蓄え、或いは力ある存在に身を寄せる法なき時代に入ったのである。
Here, the force of the central government to provinces declined and the lawless era, in which gozoku (local ruling families) in various provinces developed power or relied on others who had power, commenced.

下は庶民から上は大名クラスの領主達に至るまで、ほとんど全ての階層が、自ら同等な階層の者と考える者同士で一揆契約を結んだ。
In that society, people of nearly every level, from the commoners to the feudal lords in the daimyo (territorial lord) class signed contracts of ikki with others whom they considered to be of the same level.

9世紀末頃からは、「追捕官符」の発布を受けた国司（国衙機構）が自らの裁量で国内の郡司・富豪層を軍事編成するようになった。
Around the end of the ninth century kokushi (provincial officials) (in the kokuga [provincial office structure]) who received 'tsuibu kanpu' (Warrants of Pursuit and Capture) from the Imperial Court were able to form, at their discretion, troops with gunji and the rich and powerful class.

これに危機感を覚えた細川高国は自らが武田元光軍に救援に向かったが、弟の日野内光大納言卿が戦死、また精鋭の荒木父子も戦死、
Seen what happened, Takakuni HOSOKAWA developed a sense of crisis and went to assist the army of Motomitsu TAKEDA, but his younger brother Chief councilor of state Uchimitsu HINO was killed in the battle as were senior and junior Araki who were both elite soldiers.

第26代昭光は天正18年（1590年）、豊臣秀吉による小田原攻めに参陣しない伊達政宗を憚って自らも援軍の派兵を見送った。
In 1590, Akimitsu, the twenty-sixth head of the family, postponed sending the reinforcements to the Invasion of Odawara headed by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, as he was afraid of Masamune DATE who did not participate in the invasion.

天誅組は中山忠光を主将、吉村寅太郎、松本奎堂、藤本鉄石を総裁とする職制を整え、自らを「御政府」または「総裁所」と称した。
Tenchu-gumi put the office organization in order with Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA the commander-in-chief and Torataro YOSHIMURA, Keido MATSUMOTO, and Tesseki FUJIMOTO president; the members called themselves 'the government' or 'presidency.'

しかし、上方で石田三成が家康打倒の挙兵をしたことを知った家康は、白河口を次男・結城秀康へ任せ、自らは江戸城に引き返した。
However, Ieyasu, who knew that Mitsuhide AKECHI raised his army in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) to overthrow Ieyasu, left Shirakawa-guchi Gate to the second son Hideyasu YUKI and returned to the Edo-jo Castle.

朧月夜_(源氏物語)との仲が発覚し、追いつめられた光源氏は後見する冷泉帝に累が及ばないよう、自ら須磨への退去を決意する。
After the affair with Oborozukiyo (The Tale of Genji) is revealed, Hikaru Genji is brought to bay and makes up his mind to exile himself to Suma so as not to get Emperor Reizei, who was under his guardianship, in trouble as well.

このように重盛は一門の代表とはいえ、重要案件については清盛の判断が優先していて、自らの意思・行動はかなり制約されていた。
As described above, although Shigemori was the leader of the clan, Kiyomori's decisions were prioritized for important matters; therefore, Shigemori's desires and actions were very much limited.

農商務大臣時代には、懸案であった足尾鉱毒事件について初めて予防工事命令を出し、私的ながら大臣自ら初めて現地視察を行った。
While he was the Minister of Commerce and Agriculture, he gave orders for the first time to begin preventive construction for the Ashio Copper Mine pollution case, which had been an impending problem at that time, and made an inspection tour of the site for the first time as a minister, although the visit was conducted privately.

熟練の域に達していた元就の謀略に義久は引っ掛かり、疑心暗鬼となった義久は、重臣である宇山久兼を自らの手で殺害してしまう。
Trapped in Motonari's expert plot, Yoshihisa felt wrapped in a web of suspicion and ended up killing his senior vassal Hisakane UYAMA.

戦後には元寇における自らの武功や鎌倉へ赴く事情などを中心に『蒙古襲来絵詞』（竹崎季長絵詞）を描かせ、甲佐神社へ奉納した。
After the war, Suenaga ordered 'Moko Shurai Ekotoba' aka. 'Takesaki Suenaga Ekotoba' to be drawn, in which his achievements and his trip to Kamakura were depicted, and he offered the picture scroll to Kosa-jinja Shrine.

義忠の叔父の源義光は義忠の権勢が高まるのに不満を感じ、自らが河内源氏の棟梁になることを望み、家人平成幹に義忠を襲わせた。
Yoshitada's uncle, MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu, who was displeased with Yoshitada's leadership and aspired to replace him as leader of Kawachi-Genji, arranged an attack on him through his retainer, TAIRA no Narimoto.

穴穂部皇子と馬子が待っていると守屋が帰ってきて逆を斬ったことを報告した（穴穂部皇子が自ら行って射殺したという説もある）。
When Prince Anahobe and Umako were waiting, Moriya came back and announced that he had killed Sakau (there is another story that Prince Anahobe went there himself and shot Sakau to death).

晩年は達磨を題材にした絵画を数百点収集し、自らもこれを好んで描いたが、人に所望されても謙遜して承諾することは少なかった。
In his later life, he collected hundreds of paintings about Dharma, and he also favored to paint on them by himself, but he was too modest to give his paintings to anyone when he was asked.

また、従来の農書とは別に、角力番付、一枚刷り、小冊子など、農民にわかりやすい形式を活用して、自らの農法を積極的に広めた。
He actively tried to pass his agricultural methods to many farmers by utilizing easily understandable form of information rather than a traditional agricultural method book, such as the formats of sumo wrestling ranking list, single-sheet block print, small booklet, etc..

幼年期から時折のぞかせた天才的素質を先輩たちは嘱望し、自らも精進することにより、その晩年にいたってますます冴えを見せた。
His seniors had high hopes based on the flashes of genius he showed as a youth and together with his efforts to improve himself, he was to show even greater brilliance in later life.

その際、神社の前に橘の老木が茂っていたの見つけ、この橘の木のように自ら（衆樹）も老いてしまった、との趣旨の和歌を詠んだ。
On this occasion, he found an old tachibana tree (mandarin orange tree) standing in front of the shrine, and composed waka (a traditional Japanese poem of 31 syllables), the main idea of which was that he (Moroki) became old like this tachibana tree.

神体である剣と璽が新帝の下に自ら動くという建前から「渡御」（神・天皇等が「渡る」ことをいう尊敬語）という表現がとられる。
Since the sword and the jewel are considered sacred objects, they are considered to move to the new Emperor on their own, so the expression used is 'togyo' (an honorific term for 'transfer' of gods or Emperors).

しかしながら、それ以降は代官を直接荘園に派遣したり（請負代官制）、さらに自ら直接荘園に下向して支配に当たる例すらあった。
However, after that, they sent his Daikan (representative) directly to his Shoen manor (called Ukeoi-daikansei: literally, a Daikan-entrusting system), and there were even cases where a Kizoku member himself went to his Shoen manor to control it.

自らは武装して武士となり、また下級貴族のなかには、これらを武士団として組織して、その棟梁と呼ばれることも少なくなかった。
They sometimes armed themselves as samurai (warrior) while some lower-ranking nobles organized these warriors into armed groups; they were often called Toryo (leader) of the groups.

また、守護大名は、荘園内のさまざまな権利に基礎をおいており、荘園体制がくずれることは自らの経済基盤を失うことでもあった。
Since the shugo daimyo position was founded on various rights in manors, collapse of the manor system meant the loss of their economic base.

港務局が管理する港湾施設で、一般公衆の利用に供することを要せず、又は自ら運営することを適当としないものを貸し付けること。
to lease out Port Facilities under its management which are not required for public use or are not appropriate for operation by itself

前三号に掲げる港湾工事以外の港湾工事であって高度の技術を必要とするものその他港湾管理者が自らすることが困難である港湾工事
Port and Harbor Works which require sophisticated technology and other works which are difficult to be undertaken by the Port Management Body itself other than those listed in the preceding three items

どうか、あなた自ら保証となられるように。ほかにだれがわたしのために保証となってくれる者があろうか。 (ヨブ記 17:3)
'Now give a pledge, be collateral for me with yourself. Who is there who will strike hands with me? (Job 17:3)

あなたの目をそれにとめると、それはない、富はたちまち自ら翼を生じて、わしのように天に飛び去るからだ。 (箴言 23:5)
Why do you set your eyes on that which is not? For it certainly sprouts wings like an eagle and flies in the sky. (Proverbs 23:5)

そしてディオメーデースの助言により、負傷した王たちは、自ら戦うことはかなわぬとも、戦場の縁に行き、他の者たちを励ました。
and, by Diomede's advice, the wounded kings went down to the verge of the war to encourage the others, though they were themselves unable to fight.

支那国政府は、成るべく速に外国人の居住及貿易の為自ら進で山東省に於ける主要都市を開くことを約す。其地点は別に協定すべし。
The Chinese Government engage to open of their own accord, as soon as possible, certain important cities and towns in the Province of Shantung for the residence and commerce of foreigners. The places to be so opened shall be decided upon in a separate agreement.

各委員会及び各庁の長官は、別に法律の定めるところにより、政令及び省令以外の規則その他の特別の命令を自ら発することができる。
A commission or the director-general of an agency may, as separately prescribed by an Act, issue by itself rules and any other special orders other than a Cabinet Order and a Ministerial Ordinance.

法第十六条第一項の規定による指定（以下「指定」という。）の申請は、指定を受けようとする者が自ら出頭してしなければならない。
A person who wants the Designation has to appear himself/herself and file an application for Designation pursuant to paragraph (1) of Article 16 of the Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Designation').

虚偽の世界、流転の世界、尺取虫が丸くなって丸いものを廻るように流転し、蚕の繭の如く自らを縛りつけ苦しむ世界が穢土だという。
It means that Edo is the world of the fallacious, protean, where people circle around a ring like an inchworm does, and suffer by tying themselves up like a silkworm does within their cocoon.

後鳥羽上皇は後鳥羽院番鍛冶を設置し、月ごとに刀工を召して鍛刀させ、上皇自らも焼刃を施したといわれ、積極的に作刀を奨励した。
The Retired Emperor Gotoba established Gotoba-in smithery, where he summoned sword craftsmen each month and had them forge swords, also involved himself in Yakiba (cutting edge), and positively encouraged the making of swords.

応保2年（1162年）には叔父の経宗を召還する一方、自らを呪詛した時忠・源資賢を配流するなど着々と政治基盤を固めていった。
In 1162 the Emperor recalled his uncle, Tsunemune, while on the other hand Tokitada and MINAMOTO no Sukekata who had made a curse toward the Emperor, were sentenced to deportation in order to gradually establish the basis of his government.

宮中三殿で行われる祭祀には、天皇が自ら祭典を斎行し、御告文を奏上する大祭と、掌典長が祭典を行い、天皇が拝礼する小祭がある。
Court rituals which are performed in the Three Shrines in the Imperial Court consist of taisai (grand festivals), in which the Emperor himself conducts a ceremony and presents a message to the ancestors of the Imperial Family, and shosai (small festivals), in which the shoten-cho (the chief ritualist) conducts a ceremony and the Emperor bows his head in prayer.

上野国府で新皇を僭称した将門の下、時の主宰者となった興世王は藤原玄茂と共に独自に除目を発令し、自らは上総国介に任命される。
Under Masakado, who named himself the new emperor at the Kozuke provincial office, Prince Okiyo, who became the most influential person at that time, issued the Jimoku (ceremony for appointment of officials) in his own right with FUJIWARA no Harumochi, being appointed as the Assistant Governor of Kazusa Province.

彼の追号「後三条」は、彼が外祖父三条の後継者であることを意味しており、生前自ら定めたものだという説もある（『栄花物語』）。
This title after death 'Gosanjo' is said to have been chosen by himself while he was alive to mean that he was the heir of his maternal grandfather, Sanjo ('A Tale of Flowering Fortunes').

記録荘園券契所を設置して実効的な荘園整理を進める（延久の荘園整理令）など、当時の社会変動に伴う課題に自ら取り組んでいった。
He coped with the challenges associated with social changes in those days such as promoting effective regulation of shoen by establishing the Kiroku shoen kenkeijo (office for the investigation of estate documents) (Enkyu Manor Regulation Acts).

公領経営に深く携わるようになった田堵は、名主の地位を得て耕地の経営に当たるとともに、自ら墾田して領主（開発領主）となった。
Tato that became deeply involved in the management of Imperial demesne, obtaining the position of myoshu (owner of rice field), not only ran the management of cultivated land but also developed new rice fields by themselves, and became feudal lords or kaihatsu-ryoshu (local notables who developed the land).

調庸・封物を富豪層が京進することにより、院宮王臣家（皇族・有力貴族）は富豪層と結びつき、自らの収入たる封物の確保を図った。
Because persons in the rich and powerful class paid carried choyo (national tax) and fubutsu (collected goods as tax) to Kyoto, Ingu oshinke (imperial families and powerful nobles) became related to these rich and powerful persons to secure the fubutsu that constituted their income.

これらの原因が、白居易の『新豊折臂翁』に謡われる兵役を逃れるために自らの臂を折った翁のように、兵役拒否を生むことになった。
These factors caused people to refuse to go into military service, just like the old man described in Juyi BAI's 'Shinpo Seppio' (old man with a broken arm in Shinpo), who broke his own arm in order to avoid his military service.

上級兵士たちは気に入らない藩師を実力をもって追い出し、自らが支持する人物を藩師に立ててこれを朝廷に認めさせるようになった。
By force, high-ranking soldiers got rid of the hanshi they did not like, and they set up the ones they supported as their hanshi, and they made the imperial court accept it.

実際には、両者の共同謀議の痕跡はなく、むしろ自らの地位向上を目指しているうちに武装蜂起に追い込まれてしまった色合いが強い。
In fact, there is no real evidence of such a conspiracy, but there is a strong probability that Masakado and Sumitomo were pushed to military action while trying to improve their social status.

さらに近代国際法の受容が進んだことで、単なる翻訳でなく『万国公法』に中国人自らが注釈を施した著作も刊行されるようになった。
As acceptance of modern international law had progressed, not only mere translation but also works in which 'Bankoku Koho' was annotated by Chinese people were issued.

しかしその典信が寛文12年（1672年）に早世したため、孫の松平信利を第3代藩主に擁立し、自らは後見人として藩政を執った。
Sukenobu, however, died young in 1672, and therefore, Yasunobu appointed his grandson Nobutoshi MATSUDAIRA the third Lord of the domain and administered affairs of the domain as Nobutoshi's guardian.

政宗本人の器量に加え、自らを将軍として立ててくれた後見人であり、また敬神する祖父・家康とも渡り合った戦国の雄でもあった。、
For Iemitsu, Masamune was a person of ability, a tutelage to bring him up and support to be a shogun, and a leading figure in the period of warring states even competed against his grandfather, Ieyasu.

政宗は、料理について「馳走とは旬の品をさり気なく出し、主人自ら調理して、もてなす事である」と言う名言を命期集に残している。
Masamune left a wise saying regarding cooking in 'Meigosyu' (collection of remarks by Masamune in his life time), 'serving a meal means to modestly provide a seasonal food cooked by the host himself, to entertain his guest.

自らの資産形成に対してもあまり意を用いなかったと見られ、暗殺後に明らかになった彼の遺産は1万円余りの借財だけだったという。
He seems to have had little interest in his own wealth building, and after his assassination, it was found that he left nothing but a debt a little more than 10,000 yen.

また入鹿に紫冠を授け大臣と擬し、弟を物部大臣と呼び、屋敷を宮上の門（みかど）とよばせるなど自らを大王に擬する行為があった。
Moreover, he behaved like okimi (great king) by giving Iruka the purple cap for oomi (a highest officer in national politics of the Yamato dynasty), calling his younger brother Mononobe no oomi, and naming his residence kyujo no mikada (Gate on Imperial Palace).

壬申の乱の開始時、大海人皇子はまず美濃国の安八間郡（後の安八郡）で兵を集めさせ、自らは24日に吉野宮を発って東に向かった。
At the start of the Jinshin war, Prince Oama first ordered to gather soldiers in Ahachima County (later became Ahachi County) of Mino Province and Prince himself left Yoshino-no-miya (Yoshino Palace) on the 24th and headed east.

師匠勝楽は聖雲の父とされる若光を弔うため、自ら高句麗から携えてきた念持仏「聖天歓喜仏」を本尊とする寺院を建立しようとした。
The master, Shoraku, tried to build a temple to worship the Shoten Buddha of Joy (a small statue of Buddha carried beside the body), which he brought from Goguryeo as a memorial for Jakko, who was believed to be the father of Shoten.

元禄12年（1699年）、70歳となった了翁は自らの古稀を記念して観音小銅像33万3,333体をつくり、人々に施している。
In 1699, Ryoo became 70 years old, and at this time he made small Kannon (Deity of Mercy) total 333,333 of bronze statues, for his 70th birthday commemoration, giving the statues to the people.

幼少時から聡明で知られ、慶安3年（1650年）に桑名城下で大洪水が起こったときには、自ら船に乗って領民の救助に務めている。
He was known for his intelligence from a young age, and when there was a great flood near the Kuwana-jo Castle, he went on the boat himself to save the people of his domain.

しかし寛和2年（986年）の政変によって花山天皇が退位・出家に追い込まれると、自らもこれに従い、出家の上政界から引退した。
However, when Emperor Kazan was forced to abdicate the throne and enter the priesthood due to a political upheaval in 986, he also retired from the politics and became a priest, following the Emperor.

伝承によれば、斉衡3年（856年）、藤原式家の流れをくむ左大臣藤原緒嗣（おつぐ）が、自らの山荘に神修上人を開山として草創。
According to legend, it was founded in the year 856 after the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) FUJIWARA no Otsugu requested that Shinshu Shonin serve as kaisan (the founder of a temple) of his mountain villa.

そのため、義満は自らの帰依する禅僧春屋妙葩（普明国師）を開山として一寺を建立することとし、康暦2年（1380年）完成した。
This led Yoshimitsu to name as kaizan the Zen monk Myoha SHUNOKU (also known as Fumyo Kokushi) to whom he had become devoted, and the temple was completed in 1380.

5回目の航海では中国最南端の海南島まで流され、それまで行動をともにしてきた栄叡を失い、自らは失明するという苦難を味わった。
At his fifth attempt he was forced to sail to Hainan at the southernmost tip of China, and after losing Yoei who had accompanied him so far, he also suffered the burden of losing his eyesight.

同志社の図書館の歴史は1876年に図書縦覧室を設け、創立者である新島襄が自らの書籍を公開、貸し出ししたことが始まりである。
The history of Doshisha's library began in 1876 when a reading room was established and Joseph hardy Neesima (Joe NIIJIMA), the founder of the university, opened his collection of books to the students in order to lend them out.

・駕籠が少しでも揺れると自ら駕籠の中から飛び出して『人足の不調法で駕籠から落とされた、この無礼を幕府に訴える』と主張した。
When the palanquin shook even a little bit the rider jumped out of the palanquin and insisted by saying 'I fell off the palanquin because of the improper pace of the palanquin carriers, I will report this insolence to the bakufu.'

また、三位以上の者は自らの家政機関として、政所を開くことを許され、家司として職事従三位家令、少初位下職事三位家書吏とした。
In addition, those ranking Sanmi or higher were allowed to establish a mandokoro (administrative division of a high-rank family) as an agency for the household, and had Shikiji Jusanmi Karei (butler), Shoshoinoge Shikiji Sanmi Keshori as keishi (personnel in charge of household affairs).

しかし私は、どんな悪党でも持っている誘惑のあいだをしっかりと歩きつづけるバランスをとる本能を、すべて自らなくしてしまった。
But I had voluntarily stripped myself of all those balancing instincts by which even the worst of us continues to walk with some degree of steadiness among temptations;

狂信的な人たちは、盛大なインドのお祭りともなると、今でも自分からクリシュナの像をのせた車の前に、自ら身を投げ出すのである。
- stupid fanatics, who, in the great Indian ceremonies, still throw them-selves under the wheels of Juggernaut.

借地権を設定する場合においては、他の者と共に有することとなるときに限り、借地権設定者が自らその借地権を有することを妨げない。
Establishment of a Land Lease Right shall not preclude the Lessor from possessing the Land Lease Right himself or herself only when the right is held in common with another party.

職員は、常に公私の別を明らかにし、いやしくもその職務や地位を自らや自らの属する組織のための私的利益のために用いてはならない。
Officials shall always make a proper distinction between the public and private, and shall not utilize their duties or positions for private interests of their own or of an organization to which they belong.

しかし後に黄色い衣を着て頭に冠を被り、手に捕縄を持ち、それによって死者の霊魂を縛り、自らの住処・国に連行されると考えられた。
Later, it was believed that he wore yellow vesture and a wreath on his head, held a rope for arrest, bound the soul of the dead with this rope and brought them to the place where he resided.

代表的な例として、正教会で最大の祭である復活大祭と、それに自らを備える期間である大斎 (東方正教会)（おおものいみ）がある。
As representative examples, the Easter which is the biggest festival of Orthodox Church, and Omonoimi (Eastern Orthodox Church) which refers to a period to get oneself ready for the Easter are named.

これは創始者の湯木貞一が茶道に造詣が深かったことに理由があり、貞一は後に自らの茶道具コレクションを基に湯木美術館を設立した。
This was because the founder Teiichi YUKI had a profound knowledge of tea ceremony, and Teiichi established the Yuki Museum of Art later based on his collection of tea utensils.

耕作地として利用できない斜面で烏梅に用いる梅を栽培し、限られた耕作地では自給食料を生産することで自らの生活を守ったのである。
They protected their livlihoods by cultivating plum trees for Ubai on barren hillsides which were not suitable to grow crops, while producing food for themselves on the limited fertile lands.

自ら証拠の密書の断片を手に入れていた勝元は、署名に施した小細工をきっかけにさわやかな弁舌で弾正を追及し、外記方を勝利に導く。
Katsumoto himself has obtained a part of evidence of secret letter that contains a cheap trick made to signatures, and using it as a trigger, he grills Danjo briskly and leads the Gekizaemon's side to victory.

後一条天皇の即位に伴い皇太子となった敦明親王が、寛仁元年（1017年）自ら皇太子を辞退したため、その後を受けて皇太子となる。
After Emperor Go-Ichijo succeeded to the throne in 1017, Prince Atsuakira declined to become the crown prince, so the future Emperor Go-Suzaku became the crown prince instead.

だが、3歳で父が没したこともあって、天皇の孫でありながら官位を受けることもなく、まして自らの存在が注目されることもなかった。
Because his father died when he was three years old, although he was a grandson of Emperor Tenmu, he was not given an official rank, let alone his presence never drew attention.

彼らは自らもまた名田経営を請け負う富豪として、また富豪相互あるいは富豪と受領の確執の調停者として地方に勢力を扶植していった。
The warriors became influential in rural areas as rich farmers who undertook the management of Myoden, or as mediators to solve conflicts between millionaires and zuryo or between millionaires.

これはすなわち、出挙を行えるのは支配層に限られていたこと、支配層も自らが支配する範囲内でのみ出挙を行えたこと、を表している。
These characteristics namely suggested the fact that only the ruling class could implement Suiko, as well as the ruling class could implement Suiko within the regions that they ruled.

明智光秀らの使者の言を一旦聞き入れ自ら安土城に赴き母親を人質に釈明すべく有明城を出立した荒木村重は、途中茨木城に立ち寄った。
Murashige ARAKI, who accepted once the words of the emissaries including Mitsuhide AKECHI and departed Arioka-jo Castle to visit Azuchi-jo Castle and make explanation by himself offering his mother as a hostage, dropped at Ibaraki-jo Castle.

官軍は捜索隊の報告と各地からの急報で初めて薩軍の大挙来襲を知り、各地に増援隊を派遣するとともに三好旅団長自ら迫間に進出した。
As soon as the government army learned that the Satsuma army were storming in full strength by a report from the reconnaissance party and urgent messages from the respective troops, it dispatched the reinforcements to the troops, while having the Brigadier MIYOSHI advance for Sakoma in person.

だが、受刑後に宦官として重用されることが多くなると、後の世には自宮、すなわち自ら性器を切り落として宦官となる人間が増加した。
However, the Courts gave important posts to those punished criminals as eunuchs to work in the Court, and the number of people who cut off the genitals by themselves increased in later periods in order to become eunuchs.

冒頭で移り行くもののはかなさを語った後、同時代・または過去の災厄についての記述が続き、後半には自らの草庵での生活が語られる。
In the opening of the work, he wrote about the transitory nature of fleeting things, and then the disasters that had occurred in his time or in the past, and his life in a thatched hut was described during the latter part.

また「弓流」の段で、海に落とした自分の弓を拾った逸話の際に「弱い弓」と自ら述べるなど、肉体的には非力である描写がされている。
The chapter of 'Yuminagashi' (The Dropped Bow) describes that he was not physically gifted, with an anecdote that when he dropped his bow into the sea, he himself called it 'a weak bow,' when picking it up.

将門は下野国国府を包囲するが、一部の包囲を解いてあえて良兼を逃亡させ、その後国衙と交渉して自らの正当性を認めさせて帰国した。
Masakado surrounded the local government of Shimotsuke Province, but opened one section of the siege line, purposely letting Yoshikane flee, after which he negotiated with the kokuga, making them consent to his legitimacy before returning to his home province.

高野山での生活は厳しかったらしく、彼女自ら上田地方の紬技術を応用した真田紐を考案し、家臣たちに行商させて、生計を支えていた。
The living on Koya-san Mountain seemed to be hard, and so she made use of the tsumugi (pongee) technique in person to originate Sanada-himo Ribbon, and made the vassals peddle them around to earn their living.

慶応元年（1865年）、兵庫開港を決定した老中・阿部正外らが朝廷によって処罰されると、自ら将軍職の辞意を朝廷に上申している。
In 1865, when a roju (a member of the shogun's council of elders) named Masato ABE and a group his supporters were punished by the Chotei (Imperial Court) for making the decision to open the port in Hyogo, Iemochi offered his resignation from the shogunate to the Chotei on his own.

家が没落していくなかで、自らが士族の出であるという誇りを終生持ち続けたが、商売が失敗したのもそれゆえであるとみるむきもある。
Even as her family declined, she continued to take pride in her descent from shizoku; however, some believe that this was the cause of her failure in business.

しかしこれは、溜間（江戸城で名門譜代大名が詰める席）の筆頭であり、また自ら開国派であった直弼としては許しがたいものであった。
This, however, was unacceptable to Naosuke, who was 'open country wing,' and also the head of the Tamarinoma, one of the shikoseki (anteroom seats for feudal lords and direct retainers of the shogun at Edo-jo castle).

道鏡はこれを信じて、あるいは道鏡が習宜阿曾麻呂をそそのかせて託宣させたとも考えられているが、道鏡は自ら皇位に就くことを望む。
Dokyo, who believed in this oracle or it can be thought that Dokyo himself instigated SUGE no Asomaro to deliver this oracle, hoped to ascend to the Imperial Throne.

これは彼のこの働きによるところが大きく、「義久」という名はその褒賞として義経が自らの一字を与えてつけたものだと言われている。
This victory owes a lot to Yoshitsune who guided the troops and it is said that Yoshitsune gave him the name 'Yoshihisa,' which had a part of his own name, as a prize for the big role he played in the battle.

幼時より悪戯と喧嘩を好み、7歳で寺子屋に預けられたが学業は不振で、3年間の勉学の後も自らの姓名しか書けなかったと伝えられる。
Throughout his childhood, he liked mischief and fight over study; although he was sent to terakoya school at age seven, it is said that he could barely write his own name after three years of study.

20歳になり京都に上って、祇園で芸妓となり、その際男子をもうけるが、私生児であった為に自らが引き取り生まれ故郷の彦根に戻る。
At the age of 20, she went up to Kyoto to become geisya (a woman who gives fun with a song, a dance or a music instrument at a feast) and gave birth to a boy, however, since her son was an illegitimate child, she took him and went back to her hometown, Hikone.

わずか4千票の僅差でようやく当選したものの、この苦戦や自らの年齢（当時78歳）に限界を感じた蜷川は、1978年に知事を引退。
Although Ninagawa narrowly won the re-election by a bare majority of 4000 votes, he felt his limits considering the uphill battle and his age (he was 78 year old at that time) and retired from the governorship in 1978.

事件直後政基は、在数の不義怠慢の有様を松木宗綱・白川忠富王・徳大寺実淳・中御門宣胤らに書簡で伝え、自らの立場の弁明に努めた。
Just after the incident, Masamoto wrote about the disloyality and negligence of Arikazu to Munetsuna MATSUNOKI,Tadatomi SHIRAKAWA, Saneatsu TOKUDAIJI, Nobutane NAKANOMIKADO, and he tried to defend himself.

さらに東京急行電鉄、阪急電鉄などの私鉄は、自ら不動産開発を行い、自社線を核にした郊外住宅地を作るという事業展開を進めてきた。
Furthermore, Tokyu Corporation, Hankyu Corporation, and some other companies have been implementing real-estate development by themselves to create suburban residential areas using their own lines as a core.

『日本書紀』の神功皇后9年3月には、皇后が自ら神主となり、武内宿禰に琴を弾かせ、中臣烏賊津使主を審神者としたと記されている。
In 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), it is recorded that Empress Jingu herself became a Shinto priest and let TAKEUCHI no Sukune play koto, while NAKATOMI no Ikatsuomi served as saniwa in April, 209.

即ち、源氏平氏が征夷大将軍の任についた例は数えきれないとして、自らも将軍宣下を受けた上で北条討伐を行いたいと奏上したという。
In other words, in relation to the countless examples of members of the Minamoto and Taira clans serving as seii taishogun, and besides being the recipient of Shogun proclamations, he wished to report to the Emperor that the Hojo clan had been subjugated.

主は言われる、彼らが怒らせるのはわたしなのか。自分たち自身ではないのか。そして自らうろたえている。 (エレミヤ書 7:19)
Do they provoke me to anger? says Yahweh. Don't they provoke themselves, to the confusion of their own faces? (Jeremiah 7:19)

姦淫するなと言って、自らは姦淫するのか。偶像を忌みきらいながら、自らは宮の物をかすめるのか。 (ローマ人への手紙 2:22)
You who say a man shouldn't commit adultery. Do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples? (Romans 2:22)

わたしはあかしするが、彼らは力に応じて、否、力以上に施しをした。すなわち、自ら進んで、 (コリント人への第二の手紙 8:3)
For according to their power, I testify, yes and beyond their power, they gave of their own accord, (2 Corinthians 8:3)

老人たちには自らを制し、謹厳で、慎み深くし、また、信仰と愛と忍耐とにおいて健全であるように勧め、 (テトスヘの手紙 2:2)
that older men should be temperate, sensible, sober minded, sound in faith, in love, and in patience: (Titus 2:2)

運営評価人は、評価を行うために自らが適当と認めるイーター機構の職員との十分な接触並びに帳簿及び記録の十分な利用が許可される。
The Management Assessor shall be granted full access to personnel, books and records of the IO as he/she may deem appropriate for the assessment.

純資産額規制比率が百二十パーセントを下回った場合　純資産額規制比率の状況を回復させるために自らとるべき具体的措置に関する計画書
in the case where the Net Assets Regulation Ratio is below 120 percent:　a plan pertaining to the specific measures to be taken by the Futures Commission Merchant in order to recover the required status of the Net Assets Regulation Ratio.

『無量寿経仏説無量寿経』によると、一切の衆生救済のために自ら仏の位を降りて菩薩となり、世自在王仏の元で法蔵と名乗り修行をした。
According to 'Muryoju-kyo Bussetu Muryoju-kyo Sutra,' he willingly stepped down from the status of Buddha to Bosatsu and practiced ascetic training for the relief of all the living things under Lokeshvararaja Buddha, with the name Dharmakara.

阿弥陀仏の慈悲に照らされた時、すなわち真実に目覚させられた時に、自らが何ものにも救われようがない「悪人」であると気付かされる。
They are led to realize that they are too 'evil' to be saved when they are lit by the mercy of Amida Buddha; when they are thus awakened by the truth.

武道では極限状態まで自らの身体・精神を追い込み、そこで自らの弱さに打ち勝ち(克己)自らの前途を開くことを一つの眼目としている。
One of Budo's main purpose is to overcome one's weakness (self-governing) as well as to pave the way for the future by driving one's body/mind to an extreme situation.

また三味線は言うに及ばず、八重崎検校の弟子ということもあり箏にも非常に堪能で、自作曲のうちいくつかは、自ら箏の手を付けている。
As he was a disciple of kengyo YAEZAKI, he was very good at koto, let alone shamisen and he arranged some of his own songs by playing the koto by himself.

しかし且元はその短慮を攻め、豊臣家の内紛が徳川家に付け込まれる一因となり伊豆守の勝手な行為で自らの計画が潰れてしまったと嘆く。
However Katsumoto criticized him for his shallow thinking and grieved to know that an internal conflict in the Toyotomi family had given an opportunity to the Tokugawa family of taking advantage of the conflict and that his plan had been bedeviled by inadvertent behavior of Izu no kami.

戦国大名は武力で自らの支配地域を確立していったため、従前の権利関係を解消して、支配地域を家臣や寺社へ分け与えることが多かった。
As Sengoku-daimyos established their own regions of influence by force, they dissolved the previous rights and often gave their regions to the retainers, temples or shrines.

領家は荘官を通じて、荘園からの収穫を年貢として徴収したり、荘園内の百姓（荘民）に労役を課したり（公事）して、自らの収入とした。
Through those shokan, ryoke collected harvests from their shoen as nengu (land tax), and imposed labor service (kuji [public duties]) on the shomin (farmers living in their manor), taking those taxes as their own revenue.

そのため、潅漑用水を開発したり、自らの私営田を一般百姓に耕作させるなどの勧農行為をとおして、在地に対する支配力を強めていった。
For this reason, they developed an irrigation plan and strengthened the governance over the local regions through the kanno acts which made ordinary farmers cultivate their own private rice fields and so on.

平安時代、律令制下では庶民は租税や労役、兵役を課せられていた。その運搬や出向は全て本人が自ら都まで出向かなければいけなかった。
下の文を統合しました.

行政権は国務各大臣の輔弼により天皇が自ら行うものとされ、内閣は国務各大臣の協議と意思統一のための組織体にすぎないものとされた。
The executive power of the government was under the personal control of the Emperor, who was assisted by the Ministers of State, and so the Cabinet was originally established merely as a consultative body, within which Ministers of State engaged in discussion to ensure that their opinions were consistent with each other.

孔子が「古の賢人」と讚えた伯夷は志を貫き、自ら官を退き隠逸し、薇（わらび・ぜんまい）を食べながらついには餓死した士人であった。
Hakui, whom Confucius praised as 'an old wise man,' was Shijin who became a recluse, retired from an official position of his own ill, sticking to his principles, and finally starved to death as a result of eating only warabi (a wild vegetable, bracken).

しかし、文人達はこれらの芸を飽くまで自らが文雅を楽しむための余技として捉え、他者から職業的な営みと見られることを極度に嫌った。
However, Bunjin regarded these arts as an avocation for them to enjoy elegance and absolutely hated this to be seen as a profession.

明治2年（1869年）2月25日、藩主忠義が自ら日当山温泉まで来て要請したので、26日、鹿児島へ帰り、参政・一代寄合となった。
On February 25, 1869, because load of domain Tadayoshi himself came to Hinatayama Onsen (a Hot Spring) and requested it, on 26th he returned to Kagoshima and became a Sansei (a job entailing participation in national administration) and Ichidai-yoriai (personal-to-a person family rank).

しかし天正10年（1582年）6月、父の光秀が織田信長を本能寺で討って（本能寺の変）自らも滅んだため、珠は「逆臣の娘」となる。
However, her father, Mitsuhide, killed Nobunaga ODA at Honnoji-Temple (the Honnoji Incident) in June 1582, then he himself also died, and Tama became known as the 'traitor's daughter.'

帰国後、訳詩編『於母影』、小説『舞姫』、翻訳『即興詩人』を発表し、また自ら文芸雑誌『しがらみ草紙』を創刊して文筆活動に入った。
After coming back to Japan, he published a book of songs 'Omokage' (Vestiges), a novel 'Maihime' (The Dancing Girl) and a translated book 'Sokkyo Shijin' (Improvising Poet), and also began to issue a literary magazine 'Shigarami Soshi' (Constraint Brochure) by himself to start his career as a writer.

晩年に至るまで、自らが日本画の巨匠と称されるたびに「あいつ（菱田）が生きていたら俺なんかよりずっと巧い」と口にしていたという。
Until his later years, whenever he was called a great master of Japanese painting, he reportedly said, 'If that guy [Hishida] were alive, he would be better than I am.'

翌大永7年（1527年）、経久は自ら備後へと兵を出兵させるも陶興房に敗走し、尼子方であった備後国人の大半が大内氏へと寝返った。
In 1527, Tsunehisa led his force to Bingo Province but was defeated by Okifusa SUE, which encouraged most local lords of Bingo Province to defect from the Amago clan to the Ouchi clan.

また、自らの政治的関与も強く戒めて侍従長在任中は政界に転じた実弟の西園寺公望とは公の場所以外では会話しなかったと言われている。
Moreover, it is said that he strongly warned himself against political participation, so while he was serving as the Grand Chamberlain, he refrained himself from talking in nonpublic occasions with his real younger brother Kinmochi SAIONJI, who became working in the political world.

継母（といっても11歳）の盛子が翌年准三后を賜り高倉天皇の准母（白河殿）となると、盛子は基通を自らの養子としてこれを後見した。
His stepmother, Moriko (though aged 11), adopted Motomichi, serving as his conservator when she was awarded Jusango (a title awarded to Imperial family members, nobles, and ministers for their meticulous services) and became the Junbo (the stepmother of an emperor) of Emperor Takakura in the following year.

ここでいう家格や官位といったものが、支配される者を納得させ、支配される者が自ら納得するための重要な要素の1つであったといえる。
It can be thought that social standing or court rank was one of the important factors that cemented the relationship between the governor and his subordinates.

女たちも、同様に謹厳で、他人をそしらず、自らを制し、すべてのことに忠実でなければならない。 (テモテヘの第一の手紙 3:11)
Their wives in the same way must be reverent, not slanderers, temperate, faithful in all things. (1 Timothy 3:11)

我が民族と組織が10年前のPNA設立以来実現しようと自ら担ってきた国家建設計画のもう一方のパートについて話を移すとしましょう。
Let us move to talk about the other part of the National Working Program which our people and institutions have taken upon themselves to realize since the establishment of the PNA, ten years ago.

本当のところ、ロング・アイランドはウエスト・エッグのジェイ・ギャツビーは、自ら思い描いたプラトニックな構想から生まれでたのだ。
The truth was that Jay Gatsby of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself.

自衛隊員は、常に公私の別を明らかにし、いやしくもその職務や地位を自らや自らの属する組織のための私的利益のために用いてはならない。
Self-defense forces personnel shall always make a proper distinction between the public and private, and shall not utilize their duties or positions for private interests of their own or of an organization to which they belong.

1704年（宝永元年）江戸へ下り、大聖道場で華厳を講義する一方、華厳に対する自らの考えを著し、いろいろな宗の学僧と交流している。
In 1704, he went down to Edo (the present Tokyo), where he gave lectures on the teachings of kegon at Daisei-dojo (a place of Buddhist practice and meditation) and wrote books on his own theory about kegon while exchanging ideas and opinions with learned monks of various other sects.

それゆえ格知寮で近郷地主層の子弟と起居をともにしながら、自ら丁髷を結い和服を着た生活を送ったため、「チョンマゲ先生」と呼ばれた。
Therefore, he himself wore a Japanese topknot and Japanese clothes, living at the dormitory of Kakuchi Gakusha with sons who came from land-owning classes in the neighboring villages, so he was called 'Chonmage Sensei' (a teacher with his hair topknot).

浄土真宗の開祖とされる親鸞が、流罪により僧籍を剥奪された後に、自らを「愚禿釋親鸞」と名告り非僧非俗の立場で教化された事に基づく。
It is based on enlightenment of Shinran, who is considered to be the founder of Jodoshin sect, in the position of hiso hizoku (non-priesthood, non-laity) by introducing himself to be 'Gutoku shaku Shinran' after being deprived of his priesthood due to banishment.

尺八はフルートと同じく、奏者が自らの口形（マウスピース (楽器)アンブシュア）によって吹き込む空気の束を調整しなければならない。
In the same manner as with the flute, the shape into which a player forms his or her mouth (mouthpiece (instrument) embouchure) must be used to adjust to the speed of the air stream blown into the shakuhachi.

更に身近な桂女や大原女といった、自ら立ち働く庶民の女性達は、髪を何ヶ所かに分けて括って頭の周りに巻きつけてから手ぬぐいを被った。
Additionally, ordinary women who made their living such as familiar peddlers of the Katsurame (female peddlers in Kyoto from Katsura) and the Oharame (female peddlers in Kyoto from Ohara) tied their hair in a few bunches, wrapped them around their heads and covered the heads with tenugui (hand towel).

これには自らの息子に皇位を継がせたい帝の意思と、それを利用して甥である道康を立太子させたい藤原良房の陰謀があったと言われている。
It is said that this incident happened because the Emperor wanted his son to succeed the throne; on the other hand, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa used the Emperor's intentions and formed a plot against him in order that his nephew Michiyasu could succeed to the throne.

信西は、自らの子・成憲と清盛の女（後の花山院兼雅室）の婚姻によって平氏一門との提携を世間に示し、改革は順調に進行するかに見えた。
Shinzei arranged a marriage between his own son Narinori and Kiyomori's daughter (who later became the wife of Kanemasa KAZANIN), thereby showing society the strong partnership between his own family and the Taira clan,

増え続ける荘園に対抗して、国司は大名田堵を在庁官人に任命し、自らの手元に置き、さらには惣司・郷司・保司として、地方行政官とした。
In competition with the ever-increasing shoen, the Kokushi assigned Daimyo tato (daimyo cultivators) to Zaicho kanjin (resident public officials) and deployed them on hand; moreover, they had Soji, Goji, and Hoji (all of which were local government officials under the ritsuryo system) appointed as local government officials.

そして、常重から相馬郷・立花郷の両郷を官物に代わりに親通に進呈するという内容の新券（証文）を責め取って、自らの私領としてしまう。
Chikamichi compelled Tsuneshige and acquired a deed stating that in place of kanmotsu, the Soma-go and Tachibana-go villages were offered to Chikamichi, thereby making the villages his private land.

さらに秀吉は翌月に自らの主催で大規模な信長の葬儀を執り行い、8月には京都奉行として自らの一門筋である浅野長政・杉原家次をすえた。
Furthermore, Hideyoshi organized and performed a large-scale funeral for Nobunaga the following month, and in August, he appointed Nagamasa ASANO and Ietsugu SUGIHARA, both of whom belonged to his own clan, as the Kyoto magistrates.

敵対関係であった後梁・後唐を除いて五代の変遷は全て旧王朝の節度使職にあった者が旧王朝の皇帝を滅ぼして自ら皇帝となったものである。
Except for the Later Liang and Later Tang Dynasties, which were hostile to each other, the transition in all of the Five Dynasties occurred by those who were setsudoshi under the former dynasty overthrowing the emperor of the former dynasty and enthroning themselves as emperors.

また一面では、本来太田城を守る存在であった水を使って城を攻めることで、水をも支配する自らの権力を誇示しようとしたとも考えられる。
In another aspect, it can be also thought that he tried to show his power which could also control water by attacking Ota-jo Castle with water which had fundamentally guarded the castle.

総司令部は、その記事に示された「松本委員会試案」は受け入れ難いと考え、自ら憲法改正案を作成し、日本政府に提示することを決定した。
GHQ rejected the published 'Matsumoto committee draft' and decided to prepare another draft proposal by themselves and submitted it to the Japanese government.

しかしながら、友軍の川尻突入を見て、機逸すべからずと考え、兵を分けて、自ら撰抜隊を率いて熊本城目指して突入し、遂に城下に達した。
At the sight of the troops on his side charging into Kawajiri, YAMAKAWA made a snap decision that he must not miss the opportunity, divided his soldiers and led the pick of the troops by himself and rushed towards Kumamoto Castle, and entered the castle town.

信玄時代からの重鎮たち、特に武田四天王といわれる山県昌景、馬場信春、内藤昌豊らは信長自らの出陣を知って撤退を進言したと言われる。
Knowing Nobunaga's participation in the battle, Takeda's senior vassals since the time of Shingen, especially Masakage YAMAGATA, Nobuharu BABA, and Masatoyo NAITO who were among the so-called big four of the Takeda clan advised Katsuyori to withdraw from the war.

平安時代に入ると、元々詔勅の検討を担当していた外記局が、天皇の命令・意向を自らの名で文書化したものも宣旨と呼ばれるようになった。
In the Heian period, the emperor's orders and intents put into document form under the name of Gekikyoku which was originally in charge of examination of Shochoku, also came to be called Senji.

平安時代になり大同 (日本)3年（808年）に大蔵省律令制における大蔵省縫部司を併合すると衣服生産も縫殿寮自ら行うようになった。
In the Heian period, Nuidonoryo absorbed Okurasho Nuibe no tsukasa, which was based on the Okurasho Ritsuryo system, in 808 and began the production of clothes.

このとき、政宗自らが秀忠の前に膳を運んだのだが、そのとき秀忠側近の内藤正重が、「伊達殿に鬼見（毒見）をしてほしい」と声をかけた。
During the visit, Masamune himself served dishes to Hidetada; then the close vassal of Hidetada, Masashige NAITO spoke to Masamune saying, 'I'd like you lord Masamune to taste food before serving for proving poison free.'

斉明天皇・天智天皇は快くこれを了承し、積極的に百済復興を支援することとし、翌年正月には斉明天皇自ら、筑紫へ遠征する運びとなった。
Empress of Saimei and Emperor Tenji (Emperor Tenchi) fully agreed to this and decided to support the re-establishment of Baekje positively, and in the next year Empress Saimei herself went to Tsukushi Province (present Kyushu region of Japan).

当時一般的にいわれていた、清順美学は『野獣の青春』で突然開花したという定説を自ら覆し、デビュー作の頃から意識していたと発言した。
In the foregoing show, Suzuki made a statement that he had been developing his own style of aesthetics which later came to be referred to as the Seijun Aesthetics from the time of his directorial debut contradicting the generally accepted explanation back then that it suddenly blossomed with the film 'Youth of the Beast.'

そして、2008年に中居正広主演でリメイクされることになった劇場版『私は貝になりたい』で、自らの脚本をリライトすることになった。
In 2008, he rewrote his own screenplay for a theatrical version of 'I'd Rather Be a Shellfish' starring Masahiro NAKAI.

しかし信長は5月7日早朝、その3,000人の軍勢を率いて自ら先頭に立ち、天王寺砦を包囲する本願寺軍1万5,000人に攻め入った。
However, in the early morning on June 13, Nobunaga led those 3,000 troops at the front-line and attacked the 15,000 strong Hongan-ji Temple army that had besieged the Tennoji Fort.

この世を天国として暮らしていた人は天国へ、地獄と感じて生きていた人は自ら地獄的な想念を作り出してそのような世界に住むことになる。
Those who see this world as heaven will go to heaven and those who see this world as hell will go to hell which they create by themselves in their thoughts.

尾張国の守護代　織田信友も主君である斯波義統を傀儡の守護として奉じ、自らの尾張国内での優位性と勢力拡大の大義名分に利用していた。
The Shugodai of Owari Province, Nobutomo ODA, also propped up his lord Yoshimune SHIBA as a puppet Shugo, and used him as a justification for his own predominance and expansion of power within Owari Province.

自ら若しくは共同して行う職業能力検定又は職業能力の開発及び向上について適切と認められる他の者の行う職業能力検定を受けさせること。
requiring workers receive vocational ability tests carried out by said employer by him/herself individually or jointly, or carried out by other persons who are deemed to be appropriate for the development and improvement of human resources.

ある時にはすべて終わったと考え、それから、フォッグは俺の存在を知らないと自らに納得させ、どうするのが最善なのか決められずにいた。
sometimes thinking that all was lost, then persuading himself that Fogg was ignorant of his presence, and then undecided what course it was best to take.

前項の調書を作成したときは、入国警備官は、容疑者に閲覧させ、又は読み聞かせて、署名をさせ、且つ、自らこれに署名しなければならない。
In entering the statement on record as set forth in the preceding paragraph, the immigration control officer shall have the suspect inspect it or the immigration control officer will read it aloud to the suspect and have him/her sign it, and the immigration control officer shall affix his/her own signature thereto.

ちなみに浄土宗や時宗でも自らを「浄土真宗」「真宗」と称した例があり、また時宗旧一向派（開祖一向俊聖）を「一向宗」と称した例もある。
In fact, Jodo Shu and Ji Shu also called themselves 'Jodo Shinshu' or 'Shinshu' once, and Kyu Ikko-ha of Ji Shu (the founder: Shunsho IKKO) was called 'Ikko Shu' once.

家紋（かもん、英語：）とは、特に日本において古くより出自といった自らの家系、血統、家柄・地位を表すために用いられてきた紋章である。
The term 'Kamon' refers to a crest used in Japan to indicate one's origins; that is, one's family lineage, blood line, ancestry and status from ancient times.

北野の森において10月1日より10日間、大規模な茶会を開き、秀吉が自らの名物（茶道具）を数寄執心の者（名物マニア）に公開すること。
In the woods of Kitano for 10 days from October 1, large-scale tea ceremonies were held where Hideyoshi's own tea ceremony treasures (tea ceremony related accessories) were on open show for the people who have strong attachment to tea ceremony culture (infatuation with tea ceremony accessories).

このような変化を受けて、蔵元のなかには自らが杜氏をかねる、杜氏兼蔵元またはオーナーマイスターなどという経営スタイルが生まれてきた。
Such changes bring some breweries a new management style called toji-ken-kuramoto (toji and brewer) or owner Meister, in which a brewery owner also works as a toji.

しかし、彼は屋台仲間からスープを教わったり、自らの家財を次々と質に入れ費用を捻出して研究を重ね、それまでに無いスープを作り出した。
However, he asked his fellow street stall ramen sellers about different recipes for the soup and by pawning his belongings one after another, he managed to raise enough money to continue experimenting, finally inventing a totally new kind of soup.

家宝の皿を割ってしまうか誰かに割られるかしたため、殺されて井戸に投げ込まれたか自ら井戸に飛び込んだか、というバリエーションがある。
There are some variations: As she broke a plate of the family treasure or had the plate broken by someone, she was killed and thrown into a well, or jumped into a well herself.

信西自身は、保元の乱で敗死した藤原頼長の所領を没収して後院領に組み込み、自らはその預所になるなど経済基盤の確保にも余念がなかった。
Shinzei himself confiscated the lands owned by FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, who perished in the Hogen Rebellion, and nominally added these estates to the land already prescribed for the Emperor's use after he abdicated the throne, yet in reality devoted his undivided attention to making those lands into a buffer to guarantee his own financial footing.

義貞は三島で軍を集結させると軍を二方面に分け、自らは搦め手軍を率いて箱根峠に進み、大手軍は実弟脇屋義助を大将に足柄峠へ進軍させる。
Yoshisada gathered his army in Mishima and split them into two directions, then he led the rear force and headed for Hakone-toge Pass, meanwhile, his younger brother, Yoshisuke WAKIYA led the front force and headed for Ashigara-toge Pass.

分国法には、先行武家法である御成敗式目および建武式目の影響が見られるが、一方では、自らの分国支配の実情を反映した内容となっている。
Bunkokuho was influenced by Goseibai Shikimoku and Kenmu Shikimoku while its contents reflected the actual conditions of control over one county.

反面、武田氏研究者の柴辻俊六は、布施の戦いに関しても景虎が自ら出陣したとする確実な史料での確認が取れないとして、疑問を呈している。
However, Shunroku SHIBATSUJI, a researcher of the Takeda clan, raised questions about the theory on the ground that there is no reliable historical materials to support Kagetora's participation in the battle of Fuse.

小田原城奪取など、早雲の一連の行動は、茶々丸討伐という目的だけでなく、自らの勢力範囲を拡大しようとする意図もあったと見られていた。
Soun's actions, including the capture of Odawara-jo Castle, were taken not only to defeat Chachamaru, but also to expand his own power.

時を同じくして清盛の女・盛子も亡くなっているが、後白河は盛子の相続していた摂関家領を自らの管理下に置き、平氏への圧力を強めていた。
Around the same time, Moriko, a daughter of Kiyomori, died, and Goshirakawa started to control the land of the Sekkan-ke that Moriko inherited and increased pressure on the Taira clan.

その意味は「心身の独立を全うし、自らその身を尊重して、人たるの品位を辱めざるもの、之を独立自尊の人と云ふ」（『修身要領』第二条）。
Yukichi defined the word in Article 2 of 'Shushin yoryo' as 'a person who keeps both mentally and physically independent and respects himself without losing dignity as a person is a man of dokuritsujison.'

文久2年（1862年） 6月の生麦事件には、随行の一人としていあわせたが、自らは武器を振るわず、抜刀しようとした人を止めたという。
In the Namamugi Incident occurred in June 1862, he was at the scene accompanying his lord, but did not fight and stop other retainers drawing their swords.

これは即位した桓武天皇による、反対する勢力への見せしめ、さらにはかつて自らの立太子に反対したことに対する報復であった可能性が高い。
It is highly possible that this was a warning to the opposing parties given by the enthroned Emperor Kanmu as well as retaliation for the opposition of his investiture as the Crown Prince.

特に12代目市村羽左衛門、4代目中村歌右衛門は芳次郎の力量を買い、羽座衛門は自らが座元を務める市村座の立振付師に芳次郎を採用した。
Especially Uzaemon ICHIMURA the twelfth and Utaemon NAKAMURA the fourth appreciated the competence of Yoshijiro, and Uzaemon recruited Yoshijiro as a choreographer for the Ichimura-za Theater in which Uzaemon himself took the role of Zamoto (leader of a theatrical company).

リアリズムであったため、少年時代自ら稲荷神社のお守りを厠に捨ててみて、神罰が起こるか試したことがある（結果神罰が起こらなかった）。
Being a realist, Itagaki in his childhood once dared to throw away his Omamori (a personal amulet) of the Inari-jinja Shrine into the toilet and tried to see whether his action would trigger the divine punishment, which did not occur.

後に将門の許で興世王と共に独自に除目を発令し、自らは常陸介に任命されている事から将門の側近の実力者の一人であったと考えられている。
He is considered to have been one of powerful close associates of Masakado, based on the fact that he later issued, with Prince Okiyo, their original appointment order under Masakado, appointing himself as Assistant Governor of Hitachi Province.

桶狭間の戦いをはじめ、一乗谷城の戦い、石山本願寺との天王寺砦の戦いでは大将でありながら自らが先頭に立って、奮戦しているほどである。
Not only in the Battle of Okehazama but also in the Battle of Ichijodani Castle and the Battle of Tennoji Temple Fort with the Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, he fought bravely in the front-line although he was the commander.

ただし一説では信玄の死後、後を継いだ勝頼から疎まれたため、武田氏を自ら離れて猿楽師に戻り、三河国に移り住んでいたとも言われている。
However, one theory stated that he was bullied by Katsuyori who succeeded after the death of Shingen and left Takeda clan by himself, and returned to live in Mikawa Province as a sarugaku-shi.

寅吉が幽界に帰る際には、この師の住まわれると言う信濃国浅間山の隠れ里の山神に対して、篤胤自ら認めた手紙と自著「霊能真柱」を添えた。
When Torakichi was returning to Yukai, Atsutane made Torakichi carry his letter and literary work 'Tama no Mihashira (The Concept of Afterlife)' for Yaman no kami of the hidden village at Mt. Asama in Shinano Province, where the master was said to be enshrined.

しかし自らを完璧に制し、神の道を勇敢に歩むようになると、以前は困難だと思ったようなことですら、もうあまり難しいと思わなくなります。
but when he beginneth perfectly to conquer himself and to walk manfully in the way of God, then he counteth as nothing those things which aforetime seemed to be so grievous unto him.

そして彼らは、当代の賢者がいつも口にする「時の恵みを享受しよう」という言葉に満足せず、むしろ自らの勇気と思慮の恵みを恃んだのです。
nor did that ever please them which is for ever in the mouths of the wise ones of our time: ? Let us enjoy the benefits of the time ? but rather the benefits of their own valour and prudence,

そこで父親はアポロに疫病を鎮めたまえと祈り、ギリシア人が野営地を清潔にし、自らを清め、不浄のものを海に流すと、疫病はおさまった。
Then her father prayed to Apollo that the plague might cease, and it did cease--when the Greeks had cleansed their camp, and purified themselves and cast their filth into the sea.

前項の規定による援護によっては必要な応急の救護が得られない場合には、保護観察所の長は、予算の範囲内で、自らその救護を行うものとする。
If necessary urgent aid cannot be obtained through the assistance pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the director of the probation office shall provide such assistance himself/herself within the scope of the budget.

自らも大和国清澄荘の田を東大寺に寄進し、1127年（大治2年）東寺が炎上した際には「十二天画像」や「五大尊画像」などを修理している。
He himself donated fields of Kiyosumi-no-sho in Yamato Province to Todai-ji Temple, and after a fire at To-ji Temple in 1127, he repaired the 'Juniten Images' ('Image of Twelve Divas') and the 'Godaison Images' ('Five Buddhist Deities').

穂数が少ない茶筅で薄茶を点てるには技量を必要とするため、逆に穂数の多い茶筅を用いることで自らの未熟を示して謙遜する意味合いもあった。
Making thin tea by using chasen with a smaller number of bristles requires skill, and using chasen with many bristles instead was one way for the feudal lords to show their inexperience with humility.

やがて壽海も自らの舞台の確保に苦しむことになり、これが養子に迎えた市川雷蔵 (8代目)が梨園と決別して映画界入りする一因ともなった。
Eventually, Jukai himself had difficulty in securing opportunities to perform, which was one of the reasons his adopted son, Raizo ICHIKAWA (VIII) left the kabuki world to enter the world of cinema.

松竹蒲田撮影所で監督となった俳優の勝見庸太郎が設立し、牧野省三のマキノ・プロダクションとの提携により、自らの主演・監督作を製作した。
Actor Yotaro KATSUMI, who had been working as a film director at Shochiku Kamata Studio, established this company and produced films in which he played the role of director as well as the leading character.

それに対し虎三郎は、「百俵の米も、食えばたちまちなくなるが、教育にあてれば明日の一万、百万俵となる」と諭し、自らの政策を押しきった。
In response, Torasaburo persuaded them and carried through with his policy saying, 'a hundred straw rice bags will be gone after eating them up, but if they are used for education, they will turn into ten thousand or million rice bags.'

そこへ白酒_(日本酒)売に身をやつした兄の曾我祐成がやってきて弟に意見するが、助六の真意を知った十郎は自らも喧嘩を売る稽古を始める。
There, SOGA no Sukenari, an older brother of Sukeroku under the guise of a sake-seller, enters and scolds Sukeroku, but once he understands Sukeroku's intention, he begins to learn to provoke quarrels.

このことはしばらく公にされていなかったが、平成21年（2009年）3月に行われた、第60回結核予防全国大会の挨拶にて、自ら明かした。
He voluntarily revealed that he had contracted tuberculosis, which had been kept secret for long, in the speech delivered in the 60th National Meeting of Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association held in March 2009.

実能の嫡孫、左大臣徳大寺実定（1139年 - 1191年）は藤原俊成の妹が生んだ子で藤原定家の従兄にあたり、自らも優れた歌人である。
Saneyoshi's grandchild, who became heir to the family, Minister of the Left Sanesada TOKUDAIJI (1139 to 1191), was FUJIWARA no Toshinari's younger sister's son and FUJIWARA no Sadaie's cousin, and was a gifted poet.

さらに第2条で皇位継承の順序を、第3条でその順序の変更について規定しており、天皇が自らの意思によって継承者を指名できなくなっている。
Furthermore, Article 2 set forth the order of succession to the Imperial Throne, and Article 3 set forth with respect to any change in such order; thus it became impossible for the Emperor to name an heir at his own will.

近世（江戸時代）に入ると、将軍家や大名家は権力を正当化するため、儒教思想を積極的に採用し、歴史の編纂を通じて自らの正当性を主張した。
Entering the early-modern times (the Edo period), the Shogun family and Daimyo families (feudal lord families) adopted Confucian thought actively to legitimatize their power and compiled their own histories to assert their legitimacy.

しかし総数の1％程度の被害で和平を受け入れるとは考えにくく、敗戦と自ら明記していることからも、実際の被害はもっと多かったと思われる。
But as this would amount to only about 1% of their total force, it is difficult to imagine why the Korean army would have made peace, leading some to suspect that actual casualties were much higher, a possibility reinforced by the Korean's own records clearly indicate that this invasion was a defeat.

平安時代後期に院政が始まると、治天の君（院政を行う上皇）は、院宣や院庁下文を発給することで、自らの政治意思を明示・具現化していった。
As the system of Insei (rule by the Retired Emperor) was enforced in the late Heian period, Chiten no kimi (the Retired Emperor in power) used inzen and innocho kudashibumi to strongly express and achieve his political intentions.

当時の百姓身分の自治組織である惣村は、自検断権に基づき自ら司法権とその保証となる軍事警察力たる武力を持ち、膨大な武器を所有していた。
Soson villages, which were autonomous organizations formed by peasants at the time, had jurisdiction as well as military forces and police authority required to protect their jurisdiction based on the right to rule themselves, and owned enormous amounts of weapons.

しかし、野村忍介・池辺の必死の説得で桐野は遂に翻意し、撤退し本営を東方の矢部浜町へ移転することに決し、自ら薩軍退却の殿りをつとめた。
Oshisuke NOMURA and IKEBE desperately persuaded KIRINO into moving the headquarters to Yabehama-cho, east from there, and KIRINO brought up the rear of the retreating the Satsuma army.

しかしキリスト教が広まると、キリスト教の教義や、キリシタン大名の人徳や活躍ぶり（特に高山右近）に感化され、自ら入信する大名が現れた。
However, as Christianity continued to spread, some daimyo (notably Ukon TAKAYAMA) found themselves impressed with Christianity's doctrines as well as with the virtue and vigor of Christian daimyo, and chose to believe in the religion on their own initiative.

その他、平安時代初期の『弘仁私記』序はある人の説として、倭人が自らを「わ」（われ）と称したことから倭となった、とする説を記している。
The preface of 'Koninshiki' of the early Heian period introduced a theory by someone regarding the origin of the name that Wajin called themselves 'Wa' (meaning 'I,' 'me' or 'we,' 'us' in Japanese).

661年、百済の遺臣の要請に応じて中大兄皇子は救援の兵を派遣することを決め、斉明天皇とともに自ら筑紫へ赴くが、天皇はこの地で没する。
In 661, in response to the request of the surviving retainers of Baekje, Naka no Oe no Oji decided to dispatch soldiers for rescue and together with Empress Saimei, he himself went to Chikushi, but Empress passed away at this place.

前首相の松方正義が自らの閣僚にも見放されて内閣を放り出すという事態は、8月2日に大命を受けた伊藤にも今後の政権運営に不安を抱かせた。
The situation that the previous prime minister Masayoshi MATSUKATA gave up the Cabinet because he lost the support of the members of his own Cabinet also made ITO who received the imperial command on August 2, feel concern about future government management.

西郷は従兄弟の大山巌と同じく、細かい事務は部下に任せて殆ど口を出さず、失敗の責任は自らが取るという考えを持っており度量が大きかった。
As with his cousin, Iwao OYAMA, SAIGO was a large minded person and kept an attitude that relied on his subordinates for small office work without fussing over details and took responsibilities for their failures.

1911年に菱田が36歳で夭折すると大観は大いに嘆き、菱田春草追悼展の開催を主導し自らも『五柳先生』（東京国立博物館蔵）を出品した。
When Taikan's friend died young in 1911 at the age of 36, he deeply lamented it and took the initiative in holding an exhibition in memory of Shunso HISHIDA, sending his own work, 'Goryu Sensei' (now in the possession of the Tokyo National Museum) to the exhibition.

嘉承2年（1107年）、5歳の鳥羽天皇が即位した際、天皇の外伯父藤原公実が自ら摂政就任を主張し、公実と従兄弟にあたる白河院は悩んだ。
In 1107, when Emperor Toba ascended the throne at the age of five, an uncle on his mother's side, FUJIWARA no Kinzane insisted that he himself would be the regent, and Shirakawa-in, who was Kinzane's cousin, wondered what would be the right decision.

また政方が行き詰まった藩財政と自らの浪費のために不法に御用金を徴収し、総額は11万両にも及ぶことが発覚して12月27日に罷免された。
Moreover, it was revealed that Masamichi illegally collected goyokin (the money the Edo bakufu charged temporarily on farmers and merchants) as much as 110,000 ryo in total due to the clan's financial problems and his own spending and he was dismissed on January 26, 1786.

三千家の歴代墓地が並ぶ中央に位置する高さ約２ｍの宝塔で、もとは船岡山にあった供養塔を生前に利休が愛し，没後自らの墓標としたと伝わる。
The approximately 2 meter high pagoda standing at the center of the ancestral graveyard of the three Sen families was originally a memorial pagoda of which SEN no Rikyu was particularly fond that stood on Mt. Funaoka and it is said that he selected it to serve as his grave marker.

横笛が手紙の反故（ほご）で自らの姿を作ったという伝承のある張り子の横笛像（高さ約30センチ）が安置されていたが、本堂に移されている。
There is a lore that Yokobue created her own shape using waste letter paper, and the papier-mache statue of Yokobue (about 30-centimeters high) used to be enshrined here, but it was moved to the hondo.

依巫自ら依巫になることや、依り代から神意、神託を知り一般に伝えることを職業として行ったのが、神道（神社）の神主や巫女の始まりである。
The origins of Shinto priests and shrine maidens lie in the fact that yorimashi became yorimashi and professional oracles delivered divine will or divine messages from yorishiro to ordinary people.

キリストが教会のかしらであって、自らは、からだなる教会の救主であられるように、夫は妻のかしらである。 (エペソ人への手紙 5:23)
For the husband is the head of the wife, and Christ also is the head of the assembly, being himself the savior of the body. (Ephesians 5:23)

それらのせいで、人間は自らの肉体を恥らいながら、それを創造主の祝福のうちへと被造物を同化することの障害物とみなすようになったのです。
which caused men to look with shame upon their own bodies as hindrances to the absorption of the creature in the blessedness of the Creator.

接受機構は、自らの負担でこの協定の附属書一に特定されるイーター機構によって使用される支援設備を可及的速やかにイーター機構に提供する。
The Host Organization shall provide, free of charge to the ITER Organization, as soon as possible, service installations for use by the ITER Organization as specified in Annex 1 to this Agreement.

被告人が自ら申立書を作ることができないときは、刑事施設の長又はその代理者は、これを代書し、又は所属の職員にこれをさせなければならない。
When the accused cannot write an application by himself/herself, the warden of the penal institution or a representative thereof shall do so for him/her or shall have this done by an officer of the institution.

解体業者は、その引き取った使用済自動車の解体を自ら行わないときは、速やかに、他の解体業者に当該使用済自動車を引き渡さなければならない。
When the End-of-Life Vehicle which has been collected is not dismantled by the Dismantling Operator itself, it shall promptly deliver said End-of-Life Vehicle to another Dismantling Operator.

1966年（昭和41年）、日本画家堂本印象が自らの作品を展示するために設立した美術館で、その斬新な外観は堂本印象自らのデザインによる。
In 1966, Insho DOMOTO, a Nihonga (Japanese-style painting) painter, founded the museum to exhibit his works, and he also designed its unconventional exterior.

大日如来の大法会で普賢菩薩が文殊菩薩と衆生に向かって自らの感得した不動明王について教えを説き、大日如来がお墨付きを与えるという筋書き。
The story is that Fugen Bosatsu preached Fudo Myoo, which he felt, to the living things with Monju Bosatsu at the great Buddhist mass of Dainichinyorai, and that Dainichinyorai gave a favorable blessing.

浄土は何のためにあるのかといえば、仏自らが法楽を受用するためと共に、人々をその国に引接して化益をほどこし、さとりを開かせるためである。
If you ask what Jodo exists for, it is for Buddha himself to obtain the Horaku (pleasure of a pious life) as well as to lead people to this land and provide the Buddhist benefits in order for them to be spiritually awakened.

さらに、忠通の養女・藤原育子（むねこ、実父は徳大寺実能）を中宮として、関白・基実とも連携して摂関家も自らの下に取り込むことに成功した。
Also, Tadamichi's adopted daughter, FUJIWARA no Muneko (the daughter of Saneyoshi TOKUDAIJI) became the second consort of the Emperor, so the Emperor was supported by the chancellor (chief advisor to the Emperor) Motozane and he succeeded in taking control of other clans [families] eligible for positions as regents.

享保14年（1729年）には将軍吉宗自ら注文した交趾（ベトナム）広南産の象将軍に献上されたゾウの「拝謁」を霊元上皇とともに受けている。
In 1729, the Emperor granted an audience of the elephant together with Retired Emperor Reigen, when Shogun Yoshimune ordered a Vietnamese elephant from Kannan.

この時期までに郡司・郷司・負名層が自ら墾田して領主となる開発領主が登場しており、彼らは自領を権門へ寄進することで権利を確保していった。
By this time, Gunji (local magistrates), Goji (local government officials under the Ritsuryo system), Fumyo (tillers of public rice fields) developed new rice fields, owned these fields, and ensured their power by donating such fields to the influential.

そのため、彼らは婚姻を通して複雑なネットワークを形成し、国司の施策が自らの意向にそぐわなければ、国司へ反抗することもしばしば見られた。
Thus, they formed complicated networks through marriage and if the measures and policies by kokushi were inappropriate for their interests, they often resisted kokushi.

しかし、それでは撰銭令は、室町幕府などが自ら大量に所有する粗悪な渡来銭などを市民に押し付けるための、利己的な悪法に過ぎないことになる。
However, Erizenirei then became that only a bad law to force the general public to use the low-quality Torai-sen, lots of which were held by the Muromachi bakufu and others.

1592年に始まる日本軍の侵攻（壬辰倭乱、日本でいう文禄・慶長の役）では全羅左水使李舜臣が自ら考案したと言われる亀甲船の艦隊を率いた。
During the invasion by the Japanese navy (Jinshin waran, or Bunroku and Keicho War in Korea on Japan's side) that started in 1592, the left naval commander in Jeolla Province Yi Sun-sin organized and led the fleet consisting of Turtle ships that were reportedly invented by Yi himself.

議会派はクロムウェルを護国卿に任命したが、その死後に護国卿を継承した子のリチャード・クロムウェルには政治力が無く、自ら辞任を申し出た。
Parliamentarians appointed their leader Cromwell as the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth, but, after his death, his child Richard Cromwell who succeeded the post of Lord Protector had little political clout and offered his voluntary resignation from the post.

そして首謀者の金玉均は、首相にあたる「領議政」に大院君の親戚の一人の李載元、副首相に朴泳孝、自らを大蔵大臣のポストに置く事を表明した。
The ringleader Ok-gyun KIM announced that Jae-won Lee, one of the Heungseon Daewongun's relatives, would be appointed to be the 'supreme leader' as the prime minister, Yong-hyo PAK to be the deputy prime minister, and himself to be the minister of finance.

著名な詩人にして文人である白居易はその著『新楽府』において自らの詩作は世相を風刺し政治に影響を与えることにその本分があると述べている。
BAI Juyi, a famous poet and Bunjin, described that his poems fundamentally aimed to satirize social trends and give an impact on politics in his book 'Shingakufu.'

6月に上洛を果たした義興は、7月には義稙を将軍職に復帰させ、自らも左京大夫・管領代として高国と共に幕政を執行する立場になったのである。
Yoshioki reached Kyoto in June, handed back the shogunship to Yoshitane in July though, as Sakyo no daibu (Master of the Eastern Capital Offices) and Kanreidai, he, along with Takakuni, controlled the government.

憲実の主君の関東公方足利持氏は自らが将軍後継の候補に選ばれなかった事に不満を持ち、兵を率いて上洛しようとするが、憲実はこれを諫止する。
Norizane's lord, Kanto-Kubo Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, was dissatisfied that he wasn't elected as a potential successor of shogun and attempted to go up to Kyoto at the head of an army, however Norizane dissuaded this.

そして、自分が有能・公正を見こんだ人々を役職につけ、倹約を旨とし、自ら算盤をとり藩の帳簿を調べ、これまでの役人の不正を明るみに出した。
And he appointed those whom he recognized capable and fair the important positions, carried out the policy of austerity, and revealed the corruption of officials, checking the account books of the domain by moving beads on an abacus by himself.

壬申の乱の開始時に、大海人皇子は自ら吉野宮から東に向かうとともに、近江宮がある大津市にいる高市皇子と大津皇子に都からの脱出を指示した。
When the Jinshin War started, Prince Oama departed from Yoshino no miya toward the east and ordered Prince Takechi and Prince Otsu to escape from Otsu where Omi no miya located.

戊辰戦争の緒戦である鳥羽伏見の戦いでは、自ら兵を率いて幕府軍を撃退するなど多大な功績をあげ、1869年、賞典禄1000石を授けられた。
In the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, whereby the Boshin War started, Tomozane made great achievements by leading an army himself and defeating the bakufu army, and in 1869, was awarded shotenroku (a premium) of 1,000 koku (approximately 180 cubic meters of rice).

永正年間に、信孝は鬼邑山城を一門の上野高直を入れて城主となし、子の上野頼久をして備中松山城主に封じ自らは帰洛し再び室町幕府に近侍した。
In the Eisho era (1504 - 1521), Nobutaka made a member of the clan Takanao UENO enter Kimurayama-jo Castle to make him the lord and appointed his son Yorihisa UENO to the lord of Bicchu Matsuyama-jo Castle, and he himself went back to Kyoto and served in the Muromachi bakufu again.

直霊はものごとの善悪を判断して、人を誤らせないように導き、もしも誤ってしまった場合は、それらを反省し、自らを責め、悔い改めようとする。
Naohi can distinguish right from wrong to guide the human so that it will not make mistakes, and calls for reflection, self reproach and repentance when mistakes occurs.

また、先祖が補任された官職を子孫が継承するケースも現れるなど、朝廷の関知しない、武士が自ら官名を名乗る自官という慣習が定着していった。
Also there appeared other cases in which offspring succeeded government posts which their ancestors had been appointed to, and thus a new custom of jikan, in which samurai used a government post at his own initiative without permission from the Imperial Court, became established.

自分の口をもって自らをほめることなく、他人にほめさせよ。自分のくちびるをもってせず、ほかの人にあなたをほめさせよ。 (箴言 27:2)
Let another man praise you, and not your own mouth; a stranger, and not your own lips. (Proverbs 27:2)

その公言している目的に関する限り不合理であることを自ら証明している規則は、大嫌いだという印、迫害の遺物としてだけ効力を持ちうるのです。
A rule thus self-convicted of absurdity so far as regards its professed purpose, can be kept in force only as a badge of hatred, a relic of persecution;

でもすでに昇降用の手すりに手が掛かっていたので、激しくけ飛ばして、モーロックたちの手から自らをふりほどき、急いで縦穴をよじ登りました。
But I had my hand on the climbing bars now, and, kicking violently, I disengaged myself from the clutches of the Morlocks and was speedily clambering up the shaft,

美しいヘレネーの名声はトロイアにも届き、パリスは不幸なオイノーネのことをきれいに忘れて、ぜひとも自らヘレネーに会いに行くと言い張った。
The fame of beautiful Helen reached Troy, and Paris quite forgot unhappy OEnone, and must needs go to see Helen for himself.

職業紹介事業を自ら行おうとする者にあっては、職業安定法（昭和二十二年法律第百四十一号）の規定により職業紹介事業を行う許可を得ていること。
A person, which intends to conduct employment exchange services on its own account, has obtained permission pursuant to the provision of the Public Employment Security Act (Act No. 141 of 1947);

更生緊急保護は、保護観察所の長が、自ら行い、又は更生保護事業法の規定により更生保護事業を営む者その他の適当な者に委託して行うものとする。
Urgent aftercare of discharged offenders shall be performed by the director of the probation office him/herself or by commission to any person who operates offenders rehabilitation services or other suitable persons pursuant to the provisions of the Offenders Rehabilitation Services Act.

大学は、当該大学、学部及び学科又は課程等の教育上の目的を達成するために必要な授業科目を自ら開設し、体系的に教育課程を編成するものとする。
A university shall establish the class subjects necessary to achieve its educational purpose of the university, respective faculties, departments, courses, etc., and shall organize the curricula systematically.

しかしスダッタが本当に金貨を敷き詰め始めたため、ジェータ太子は驚いて、そのまま土地を譲渡し更に自らも樹木を寄付して、寺院建設を援助した。
On seeing Sudatta starting to spread gold coins, Prince Jeta was so surprised that he not only gave Sudatta the land, but also supported the construction of the temple by donating trees.

この場合、自らの解脱の為に菩薩行を行なう菩薩ではなく、悟達し既に仏界へ昇った如来が末法救済のために九界へ降り立った大菩薩であるとされる。
It is thought that these Bosatsu were not the Bosatsu who were doing Bosatsu-gyo practice for the enlightenment of themselves, but the Nyorai, who had gotten enlightenment and entered the spiritual realm of Buddhahood, came to the Kukai (nine various realms except the Buddhahood) to give relief to the mappo days, called Daibosatsu (great Bosatsu).

結局この時は、霊元天皇がそれぞれの家説を確認した上で、かつて自らが受けた印明伝授を二条綱平に伝え、二条綱平が印明伝授を行うことになった。
Finally, it was determined that after Emperor Reigen checked the traditional theory of each family, he initiated with inmyodenju which he had been initiated in the past to Tsunahira NIJO who would conduct inmyodenju.

しかし、同時にそこには、「俗氏の事人のとひしかど、氏姓も行年わすれていさし知ず」とあり、天海は自らの出自を弟子たちに語らなかったとある。
At the same time, however, the document says that 'when he was asked about his family, Tenkai said that he forgotten even his family name,' indicating that Tenkai did not tell his origin to his disciples.

これにより、刀工が行う一通りの作業が終わり、これからは研師により最終的な研ぎを行うが、室町時代以前は刀工自ら研磨も行っていたといわれる。
This is the end of the work for the sword craftsman, then a Togi-shi (polisher) polishes the sword finally, but before the Muromachi period, the sword craftsman himself also polished the sword.

鳥部山は有力な皇族や貴族が葬られており、10世紀末頃には高僧たちがこの地で焚死往生を願って自らの体に火を放って命を絶ったといわれている。
It is said that powerful members of the Imperial Family and the nobility were buried in Mount Toribe-yama, and in the end of the 10th century venerable monks reportedly burned themselves to death, hoping to attain 'funshi ojo' (according to their Buddhist beliefs, it was a way to become a Buddha after death).

後陽成天皇はかねてから豊臣秀吉の意向で立てられた儲君・第1皇子良仁親王（覚深法親王）を廃して、自らの手で次期天皇を決める事を望んでいた。
Emperor Goyozei wanted to get rid of the crown prince (the first prince), Imperial Prince Katahito (monk-Prince Kakushin), who had been appointed according to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's disposition, and wanted to make his own decision as to who should be the next Emperor.

こうした富豪層は田堵と呼ばれ、開発・集積した田地の経営（営田）や出挙の実施などで富を蓄積し、一般の百姓を自らの経営下に組み込んでいった。
This wealthy class of peasants, who were called 'tato' (cultivators), accumulated wealth by developing and integrating fields (Eiden), as well as performing suiko (government loans, often seed rice, made to peasants in Japan from the 7th through the 12th centuries), and gained control over the ordinary peasants by involving them in their business.

運営費や食料・物資の調達法は、自ら墾田を持つもの、官吏の扶持を割くもの、出挙としてイネを貸し付け利子で運営するものなどさまざまであった。
There were diverse methods of raising funds for the operation, securing food and other supplies for a Fuseya, such as owning newly cultivated land, setting aside stipends called fuchi that were attached to official services, and loaning out rice plants at interest in the form of suiko (government loans, often seed rice, made to peasants in Japan from the 7th through 12th centuries).

そして大佛は自ら「天狗ぷろだくしょん」を設立してプロデューサーに就任し、同年より小堀明男の主演による『新鞍馬天狗』シリーズの製作を開始。
So, Osaragi himself established 'Tengu Productions,' took up the position of producer, and began producing 'Shin Kurama Tengu' series starring Akio KOBORI in the same year.

これを理由に道長はさらに強く譲位を迫り眼病も全く治らず三条天皇は遂に屈し、自らの第一皇子・敦明親王を東宮とすることを条件に譲位を認めた。
Michinaga used this as an excuse to further urge the Emperor to hand down his throne, and Emperor Sanjo, with his eye illness not at all getting better, finally gave in and he agreed to hand over the throne with the condition that his First Prince, Prince Atsuakira be the Crown Prince.

猿楽（現在の名称は能）は、若い頃から世阿弥の家系に連なる観世十郎太夫に学び、自ら演じるだけでなく、「風姿花伝」で学び故実にも通じていた。
He learned Sarugaku (called Noh at present) from Kanze Juro-tayu, who was in the family line of Zeami, from his earlier years, and not only played it but learned through 'Fushikaden,' and therefore, he was familiar with old customs and manners as well.

「代官等は率先して身を慎み、職務をよく理解し、年貢の収納に努め、下役に任せ切りにせず、自らが先に立って職務に精励することが肝要である。」
It is important for local governors to be the first to abstain from extravagance, to clearly understand their own duty, to make an effort to collect and pay land tax, not to leave their duties completely to subordinates, and to take the lead in working hard on their duties.'

また父・七代目の撰した「歌舞伎十八番」18種を補足するかたちで、自らの得意芸を多く盛り込んだ「新歌舞伎十八番」32〜40種も撰している。
Moreover, he selected 30 to 40 kinds of 'Shin Kabuki Juhachi Ban' (18 programs of new Kabuki) including many favorite arts of his, by supplementing his father's (the seventh) 18 kinds of 'Kabuki Juhachi Ban.'

のち、692年には農事に行幸しようとする持統天皇を自らの官職をかけて諫める等、天武・持統・文武天皇の三天皇に仕え、従四位・京職に昇った。
Afterwards known for his deeds such as his opposition against Emperor Tenmu's Imperial visit to his agricultural estates by putting his job grade on the line in 692, he ended up serving under the three Emperors of Tenmu, Jito and Monmu, and was promoted to the rank of Jushii (Junior Fourth Rank) by securing a post in the Kyoshiki (Legislative Ministry of the Capital City).

繁の継嗣（戸籍変更後は次男）である奈良原三次は、明治44年（1911年）5月、自ら設計し、造った奈良原式二号複葉機で、150mほど飛ぶ。
Shigeru's heir (the second son after the change to the family register), Sanji NARAHARA flew about 150 meters in the Narahara second biplane which was designed by him in May, 1911.

義満の皇位簒奪の意図を指摘する論者は、義満が自らは太上天皇の尊号を受け「治天の君」となり、義嗣を天皇の位につけようとしたと推測している。
Those who point out Yoshimitsu's endeavor to take over the imperial throne speculate that Yoshimitsu hoped to be enthroned as the 'chiten no kimi' (the retired Emperor who organizes politics) and place Yoshitsugu on Emperor's seat.

黒澤が松竹で撮った『醜聞』、『白痴』の時には、自ら志願して助監督に就き、その縦横無尽な働きぶりに黒澤に気に入られ、その後も親交が続いた。
When Kurosawa shot 'Shubun' (Scandal) and 'Hakuchi' (The Idiot) at Shochiku, he applied to become an assistant director by himself and was favored by Kurosawa because of his vigorous activity, and they kept in touch even after that.

1920年、五代清水六兵衛の技術的顧問を務めていた縁で京都・五条坂にあった彼の窯を譲り受け、「鐘渓窯」と名づけ自らの作品制作を開始する。
Serving as technical adviser to Rokube KIYOMIZU the Fifth, Kanjiro, in 1920, obtained Rokube's kiln in Gojozaka, Kyoto, named it 'Shokei yo' (Shokei kiln), and began to create his own work.

寛永14年（1637年）11月、瀧本坊の焼失を期に瀧本坊を弟子の乗淳（昭乗の兄中沼左京の子）に譲り、自らは猩々と号して風雅の生活を送る。
In November, 1637, Takimotobo Temple was burnt down; taking this opportunity, Shojo handed over control of the temple to his disciple Jojun (son of Sakyo NAKANUMA who was Shojo's older brother), called himself 'Shojo (or '猩々', a tipster sprite), and lived an elegant life.

これを知った里人は、あの異人は達磨禅師の生まれ変わりに相違ないと言い、聖徳太子が自ら刻んだ達磨像を祀ったのが達磨寺の始まりであるという。
The locals heard about this episode and started to believe that the dead man must have been a reincarnation of Daruma zenji; then the Prince Shotoku sculpted an image of Daruma and enshrined it at the site where Daruma-ji Temple currently stands.

人間が悪やケガレに直面したとき、それらに対して怒り、憎しみ、荒々しく反応するのは、自らの心の中に禍津日神の分霊の働きによるものだとした。
When people face evil and impurity, and respond with anger, hatred, and harshness, it is the act of the portion of the divine spirit of Magatsuhi no kami in their hearts.

神の愛の中に自らを保ち、永遠のいのちを目あてとして、わたしたちの主イエス・キリストのあわれみを待ち望みなさい。 (ユダの手紙 1:21)
Keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ to eternal life. (June 1:21)

哀れなレディーは、自らの歌唱に優雅を添えると信ずる流行遅れの独特の抑揚、発音を駆使し、張りのないあえぐような声で『キラーニー』を歌った。
The poor lady sang Killarney in a bodiless gasping voice, with all the old-fashioned mannerisms of intonation and pronunciation which she believed lent elegance to her singing.

そういうことなら、オープンソースのハッカーたちが、自薦によって最大の生産性をあげるべく自ら組織化するというのは、二重の意味でだいじになる
That being the case, it's doubly important that open-source hackers organize themselves for maximum productivity by self-selection

職員は、自らに対する評価について意見することを許され、その意見は個人記録に含められる。評価報告の手順の詳細は、事務局長により制定される。
The employee is permitted to comment on the evaluation for inclusion in his personnel record. The detailed reporting procedure shall be established by the Director-General.

回航監督官は、船長等が前項の規定による指示に従わない場合において、やむを得ない必要があるときは、自ら当該指示に係る措置をとることができる。
If the master of ship, etc. does not follow the direction under the provision of the preceding paragraph, the taking ship supervisor may, when it is unavoidable, take measures pertaining to the said direction himself/herself.

国土交通大臣は、次の各号のいずれかに該当するときその他必要があると認めるときは、建築物調査講習の業務の全部又は一部を自ら行うことができる。
The Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism may him/herself administer the whole or part of the building investigation training services in any of the following cases or other cases where he/she finds it necessary:

法令の規定により、気象庁その他の国の機関から災害に関する予報若しくは警報の通知を受けたとき、又は自ら災害に関する警報をしたときは、法令又は
When a prefectural governor has, pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations, received notice of a forecast or an alarm with regard to a disaster from the Japan Meteorological Agency or any other State organization, or has issued an alarm with regard to a disaster him/herself, ... pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations or a regional disaster prevention plan

その後、後深草天皇・亀山天皇・後宇多天皇が自らの印として継承し、慣例のうちに菊花紋、ことに十六八重表菊が天皇・皇室の「紋」として定着した。
Then, Emperor Gofukakusa, Emperor Kameyama, and Emperor Gouda inherited it as their own symbol, and the Kikkamon (crest of Chrysanthemum), especially Juroku Yae Omotekiku (eightfold Chrysanthemum with sixteen petals facing up), became a regular customary crest of Emperors/the Imperial family.

これは本来の用法である自らの意思に基づく社会参加とは意をことにするものであるが、幕府による景気対策や生活困窮者の救済措置である側面を持つ。
This form of fushin differs from the original voluntary community service, rather, it is a form of economic stimulus provided by the bakufu for those who are destitute and in need of work.

ロシア帝国のエカチェリーナ2世は、もとは皇帝ピョートル3世の妻であり、その後クーデタにより自ら帝位についたものであるから、同一人物である。
Catherine II of Russia was initially the wife of Peter III who reigned as empress herself due to a coup so she is the same person.

陽明は自らを含む万物はいわば一つの肉体であって、他者の苦しみは自らの苦しみであり、それを癒そうとするのは自然で、良知のなせるものだとした。
Wang Yangming considered that all things, including himself, formed one body so that the pains felt by others were his own pains and it was just natural to heal them; and that's all from 'ryochi'.

ただし、征韓論の中心的人物であった西郷自身の主張は出兵ではなく開国を勧める遣韓使節として自らが朝鮮に赴く、むしろ「遣韓論」と言う説もある。
However, it is said that the insistence of Saigo, who was the central figure of Seikanron, was not on dispatching military but on his himself going there as a Japanese official diplomatic delegation and on asking Korea to open its country to the world (this insistence is called 'Kenkanron' [the insistence on sending delegations to Korea).

ペリーは艦隊の一部を那覇に駐屯させ、自らは6月9日に出航、6月14日から6月18日にかけて、まだ領有のはっきりしない小笠原諸島を探検した。
Leaving a part of his squadron behind, Perry set out from Naha on June 9, 1853. From June 14 to June 18, he explored the Ogasawara Islands (Bonin Islands) where no territorial claim had yet been formally made.

幕府のシンボルであった江戸城に天皇が入ることで、天皇が皇国一体・東西同視のもと自ら政を決することを宣言するデモンストレーションともなった。
The Emperor entered the Edo-jo Castle which was the symbol of the bakufu, and this was a symbolic event for the Emperor was demonstrating that the entire imperial country was to be unified; the east and west to be identified as one, then the Emperor declared that he would control all administration by his decision.

早朝、西郷が初めて陣頭に立ち、自ら桐野・村田・池上・別府ら諸将を随えて和田峠頂上で指揮したが、大敗して延岡の回復はならず、長井村へ退いた。
Early in the morning, Saigo took the lead for the first time, and directed the commanders (Kirino, Murata, Ikegami and Beppe) at the top of Wada-togem, but they couldn't restore Nobeoka because they suffered a crushing defeat, and left to Nagai village.

長岡城を占領したとき、黒田は海路新潟に出て敵の背後を脅かし、武器弾薬の補給を断つ作戦を立て、山縣に官軍主力を預けて自らは松ヶ崎に上陸した。
After occupying Nagaoka-jo Castle, Kuroda made a plan to threaten the enemy from behind by advancing to Niigata via a sea route and thereby cut the supply of arms and ammunition to the enemy, and he landed at Matsugasaki leaving the main government force with Yamagata.

まず、台湾における調査事業として臨時台湾旧慣調査会を発足させ京都帝国大学教授で法学者の岡松参太郎を招聘し、同時に自ら同会の会長に就任した。
First, he founded the Special Taiwanese Custom and Practice Research Board, and invited Santaro OKAMATSU, a jurist and professor of Kyoto Imperial University, while he became the chairman of the board himself.

自ら鎮西総追捕使と称して暴れまわり、菊池氏、原田氏など九州の豪族たちと数十回の合戦、城攻めを繰り返して3年のうちに九州を平らげてしまった。
Tametomo styled himself the Chinzei So-tsuibushi and acted violently, fighting dozens of battles with the local lords of Kyushu like the Kikuchi and Harada clans and, by repeatedly assaulting their castles came to control all of Kyushu within three years.

政府軍の攻勢で人吉本営が危うくなると、村田は池上に西郷護衛隊を率いて宮崎の軍務所へ赴かせ、6月1日、自ら指揮して政府軍と戦ったが大敗した。
When the headquarters in Hitoyoshi was threatened by the offensive of the Government army, Murata made Ikenoue lead the convoy for Saigo to the quarter in Miyazaki, and on June 1, he directed himself to fight the Government army but he was roundly defeated.

1886年（明治19年）、7月30日、方円社と和解して、本因坊秀甫の八段を正式に認め、同時に本因坊を秀甫に譲って、自らは土屋秀栄を名乗る。
In July 30, 1886, Shuei reconciled with Hoensha and officially approved the eighth dan level to Honinbo Shuho, and at the same time he transferred the title of Honinbo to Shuho and called himself Shuei TSUCHIYA.

34歳のとき、金峨の評判を聞いた医学者多紀藍渓（たきらんけい）より医学塾躋寿館（せいじゅかん）の学政を一任され、自ら講義も行なった。
At the age of 34, Kinga was given a free hand to administer a private medical school Seijukan, where he also gave lectures himself, by a medical scholar Rankei TAKI, who had heard people speak highly of Kinga,.

検非違使率いる武士どもが戸を壊し御所に乱入した後、中宮は屈辱に耐えられず自ら落飾、一同の悲泣の声は多数の見物人が聞くに忍びなかったという。
When many samurai (warriors) smashed the doors and broke into the imperial palace under the command of Kebiishi (police and judicial chief), chugu was so humiliated and abased that she cut off her hair to become a nun and those around her wailed so piteously and loudly as to cause heartrending grief in the hearts of the onlookers.

当時の貴族社会では貴族が自ら草花を育てる事は考えられなかったが、宗輔は自ら菊や牡丹を育てて、藤原頼長や鳥羽法皇ら親しい人々に献上している。
It was not conceivable in the aristocratic society at that time for any noble to grow flowers with own hands, but Munesuke grew chrysanthemum and tree peony, donating them to close friends such as FUJIWARA no Yorinaga and the Cloistered Emperor Toba.

から風呂（重要有形民俗文化財）－光明皇后が千人の垢を自ら流したという伝説のある蒸し風呂であるが、現存の建物は江戸時代中期以降のものである。
Steam bath (significant tangible folk cultural asset) - A steam bath that has a legend that Empress Komyo herself washed grime of one thousand people, but the current building was built after the mid Edo period.

以前から霊的体験が豊富で自らも霊媒役等を務めた経験がある天明は、右腕の激痛時にこれらは自動書記の前触れかもしれないと瞬間的に思ったという。
Because he had a lot of spiritual and spirit medium experiences, he thought instantaneously that it was a sign of automatic writing when he had an acute pain in his right arm.

労働者が実務の経験を通じて自ら職業能力の開発及び向上を図ることができるようにするために、労働者の配置その他の雇用管理について配慮すること。
giving due consideration when allocating workers and for other employment management, so as to enable workers to develop and improve their vocational abilities(*) voluntarily through work experience.

モアブを酔わせよ、彼が主に敵して自ら高ぶったからである。モアブは自分の吐いた物の中にころがって、笑い草となる。 (エレミヤ書 48:26)
Make him drunken; for he magnified himself against Yahweh: and Moab shall wallow in his vomit, and he also shall be in derision. (Jeremiah 48:26)

ライサンダーはハーミアを自らのおばの家に案内するつもりだったけれども、２人が森の真ん中あたりまでいかないうちに、ハーミアが疲れてしまった。
to conduct her to his aunt's house; but before they had passed half through the wood Hermia was so much fatigued

執行官は、必要があると認めるときは、第三項の規定により債務者に保管させた差押物を自ら保管し、又は前項の規定による許可を取り消すことができる。
A court execution officer may, if he/she finds it to be necessary, retain the seized property which he/she had the obligor retain pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) or rescind the permission under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

刑事被告人は、いかなる場合にも、資格を有する弁護人を依頼することができる。被告人が自らこれを依頼することができないときは、国でこれを附する。
At all times the accused shall have the assistance of competent counsel who shall, if the accused is unable to secure the same by his own efforts, be assigned to his use by the State.

『この世界は仏の身体である（六大）』として、沈黙する存在としてばかり考えられていたビルシャナ仏が自ら説法すると宣言した意味は大きいのである。
It is very meaningful that Vairocana, who had been considered a silent existence, described as 'this world is Buddha's body (rokudai),'declared that he, himself would preach.

無理な想像は妄想となって理解に歪みを生じ、自ら生み出した曲解に妨げられてますます悟りから遠のくという事態は、昔から多くの師家を悩ませてきた。
Many masters have been worried about such a situation as the obsession caused by unreasonable imagination makes his or her understanding distorted and he or she becomes remote prevented by his own contortions.

釈迦が王位に就いて姫と歓楽に耽り、国中の財産を集めた贅沢三昧の生活を自ら捨てて出家して六年間の苦行をしたのも、このような理由であるとされる。
This is regarded as the same reason why enthroned Shakyamuni abdicated the luxury life to pursue pleasure with a princess, by the fortune of the whole country, and became a priest and practiced asceticism for six years.

1917年～1920年頃（大正7年～10年頃）：与謝郡伊根町本坂に、工場長自ら大仏を建造（資料が一切なく、この辺りの年代はかなり曖昧である）
From 1917 to around 1920: The factory manager himself built the Daibutsu at Honzaka, Ine-cho, Yosa-gun (Since there is no record, this time is very obscure).

これらは武士の台頭とともに一時は衰退することになるが、新興の武家が公家文化を受容することで自らの権威付けを図る風潮が盛んになり復活していく。
They temporarily declined with the rise of samurai, but later revived thanks to the trend where emerging samurai families sought to give themselves authority by means of accepting the court noble culture.

その間、新たな方向をさまざまに模索、そのひとつとして、江戸時代初期の音楽である三味線組歌や箏組歌、段物をよく研究し、自らの曲にも取り入れた。
Meanwhile, he sought for various new ways, for example, he studied well shamisen kumiuta (song cycles accompanied by koto or shamisen), koto kumiuta (koto suites of songs) or danmono (most important type in shirabemono (the koto solo instrumental music)) and incorporated them into his own works.

最高の名人として知られる橘家圓喬 (4代目)は一旦二つ目に昇進したが、親を養う金を稼ぐために、自ら前座に降格した（関山和夫『落語名人伝』）。
Enkyo TACHIBANAYA (the fourth), known as the best master, was once promoted to futatsume, but he descended to zenza voluntarily to earn money to support his parents (Kazuo SEKIYAMA 'Rakugo Meijinden' [Rakugo Masters]).

また、後深草天皇の血統（持明院統）とは別に、自らの血統（大覚寺統）の繁栄に力を注ぎ、皇統が分裂して交互に皇位継承を行う両統迭立の端緒となる。
The Emperor worked hard to continue his own Imperial line (the Daikaku-ji Imperial line) apart from Emperor Gofukakusa's (the Jimyo-in Imperial line), this was the beginning of the separation of the Imperial lineage and sharing of Imperial succession for both parties.

しかし天正10年（1582年）6月、光秀は本能寺の変を起こして信長を殺し、自らも信長の家臣・羽柴秀吉（豊臣秀吉）に討たれ、明智氏は滅亡した。
In June 1582 Mitsuhide caused the Honnoji Incident and killed Nobunaga, but was himself defeated by Nobunaga's vassal, Hideyoshi HASHIBA (Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), a defeat which led to the demise of the Akechi clan.

例えば、「羽柴（官職）豊臣朝臣某」(例・徳川家康)もしくは名字は与えず「某（官職）豊臣某」（例・片桐且元）と名乗らせて自らの一族とみなした。
For example, as 'Hashiba, (government post), TOYOTOMI no Ason, personal name,' (ex. Ieyasu TOKUGAWA), he granted his sei and myoji, or, he did not grant his myoji, but made them call themselves as 'X, (government post), TOYOTOMI, personal name,' (ex. Katsumoto KATAGIRI), then he regarded them as his family members.

さらに言えば、武士身分の田堵負名は、自らの私営田を権門勢家（皇室・有力貴族・有力寺社）へ寄進して荘園とするとともに、荘官に任じられてもいた。
In addition, some Tato fumyo with the samurai status donated their privately operated fields to kenmon seika (powerful houses and influential families) (Imperial families, powerful nobles, or powerful temples or shrines), making them manors and being appointed to shokan (the officers governing these manors).

また、村落や町(ちょう)が、自らの共同体的な機能を維持するために住民に賦課する人足役（掃除・普請・番・荷物持ち）も「夫役」と呼ぶ場合がある。
Additionally, villages and towns sometimes used the word 'buyaku' in reference to ninsokuyaku (cleanup, construction, guard and porter) that they imposed on residents in order to maintain their own communal functions.

地方豪族や有力農民のなかには自らの勢力を維持・拡大するため、また、農民の反抗を防止して土地・人民を確保するために武装する者が少なくなかった。
Quite a few powerful local clans and influential peasants armed themselves to maintain and enlarge their power, and to secure the land and people by preventing defiance by the peasants.

ところが、年が明けて後光厳上皇の7回忌を巡って興福寺側が帰座の約束を破棄すると、義満は積極的に朝廷に参与して自らが主導する態度を見せ始めた。
In the next year, however, Kofuku-ji Temple argued over the sixth anniversary of the Retired Emperor Gokogen and broke its promise of shinboku kiza, so Yoshimitsu actively participated in the court administration and began to suggest that he would take the lead in the negotiations.

将軍問題は得宗が幕府の頂点にありながらも、その出自の低さ故に自ら将軍になる事の出来ない北条氏が最後まで乗り越える事の出来ない壁となっていた。
The Hojo clan couldn't get over Shogun issue in the end as Tokuso couldn't become Shogun due to his low status by birth eventhough he was the most powerful lord of the Kamakura bakufu.

留学生たちは、自らが日本の大学で新知識の吸収に努めたばかりでなく、雑誌を自ら立ち上げてそこに翻訳を掲載したり、書物にまとめて刊行したりした。
Chinese students not only tried by themselves to absorb new knowledge in universities in Japan but also published own magazines in which their translations were published and also published their articles in the form of books.

朝鮮との国交回復問題では李氏朝鮮開国を勧める遣韓使節として自らが朝鮮に赴くことを提案し、一旦大使に任命されたが、帰国した大久保らと対立する。
He proposed to going to Korea himself as a Kenkan Shisetsu (Japanese official diplomatic delegate sent to Korea) himself to attempt to restore relations with the Yi Dynasty Korea due to problems there, and he was appointed as an ambassador at once, which resulted in the antagonism of Okubo who came back to Japan.

定子も内裏を退出し里第二条宮に還御するが、目の前で邸に逃げ込んだ兄弟が検非違使に捕らえられることを見て、あまりの衝撃に自ら鋏を取り落飾した。
Teishi also left the imperial palace and returned to her parents' home of Nijo Palace, but after the shock of witnessing the Imperial police (or Kebiishi) arrest her brothers, who were in hiding at the house, she cut off her hair in preparation for entry into a monastery.

自らの妻が乳母であることから関白の妻を近づけたくなかったためと思われるが、時忠が必ずしも清盛の意向に沿って動いていなかったことを示している。
It seems that Tokitada did not want to bring the wife of the kanpaku close to the Crown Prince, since Tokitada's wife was a wet nurse; this shows that Tokitada did not necessarily act in accordance with Kiyomori's intention.

弟の兼家を憎悪する兼通は、自分の死後に自分の子供達より官位が上である兼家が関白の地位を占める事を恐れて頼忠を自らの後継にしようと考えていた。
Kanemichi, who hated his younger brother, Kaneie, intended to make Yoritada his successor fearing that Kaneie who had a higher official rank than Kanemichi's children would occupy the position of the kanpaku after Kanemichi's death.

彼女は、叔母である藤原順子、従妹の藤原高子とともに良房の（ひいては藤原家の）摂関政治の礎を築いたともいえるが、自ら表に出ようとはしなかった。
Although it can be said that she was established with her aunt FUJIWARA no Nobuko and a cousin FUJIWARA no Takaiko as well the cornerstone of Sekkan (regent to the emperor) government of Yoshifusa, namely the Fujiwara family, she never wanted to go mainstream.

清盛の怒りが解けず、鬼界が島に一人残された俊寛は、数年後に都から、はるばる訪ねて来た弟子の有王の世話をうけながら、自ら絶食して生命を絶った。
Shunkan, who was alone in Kikaiga-shima Island because of Kiyomori's continuing anger towards him, was visited after a few years by his pupil Ario who came all the way from Kyoto to see him; but Shunkan starved himself to death while in Ario's care.

また、一条兼良も自ら越前国に下って孝景と直談判して家領の足羽御厨の回復を求めたが失敗に終わり、『桃華蘂葉』の中で「言語道断也」と記している。
Additionally, Kanera ICHIJO, who went to Echizen Province in person for a direct negotiations with Takakage to request the return of his territory 'Asuwa no mikuriya' and failed, wrote 'It was outrageous' in 'Tokazuiyo' (a book on knowledge of court rules, ceremony, decorum and records of the past of the Ichijo family).

守護は、獲得した経済力を背景に、国内の地頭やその他の武士・名主・有力者層を被官として自らの統制下へ置こうとし、国内への影響力を強めていった。
Based on newly gained economic power, provincial military governors strengthened their influence within their territories in order to subjugate land stewards, soldiers, village headmen and other influential people and to place them under their own control.

臨床修練外国歯科医師が臨床修練において患者のために自ら行う歯科技工士法第二条第一項本文に規定する行為は、同項ただし書に規定する行為とみなす。
The acts prescribed in the main clause of Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Dental Technicians Act performed by a foreign dental practitioner under advanced clinical training by himself for a patient in the course of advanced clinical training shall be deemed as the acts prescribed in the provision of such paragraph.

というのもこの場合にはアメリカ人たちが別に日本の業界から恫喝を受けたわけでもないのに、大挙して日本の文化産物を自ら引っ張り込んでいるからだ。
for Americans 'pulled' Japanese cultural products to America en masse without coercion by Japanese industry.

無謬性の仮定は、誤りが拡がるのを禁じることだけでなく、それ以外の公的な権威が自らの判断と責任に基づいてなしてきたことにも、よく使われている。
There is no greater assumption of infallibility in forbidding the propagation of error, than in any other thing which is done by public authority on its own judgment and responsibility.

刑事被告人は、いかなる場合にも、資格を有する辯護人を依賴することができる。被告人が自らこれを依賴することができないときは、國でこれを附する。
At all times the accused shall have the assistance of competent counsel who shall, if the accused is unable to secure the same by his own efforts, be assigned to his use by the State.

刑事被告人は、いかなる場合にも、資格を有する辯護人を依頼することができる。被告人が自らこれを依頼することができないときは、國でこれを附する。
At all times the accused shall have the assistance of competent counsel who shall, if the accused is unable to secure the same by his own efforts, be assigned to his use by the State.

前二条の犯罪が行われるに当たり、現場において勢いを助けた者は、自ら人を傷害しなくても、一年以下の懲役又は十万円以下の罰金若しくは科料に処する。
A person who incites the offender in the commission of a crime at the scene of a crime prescribed under the preceding two Articles shall, even if the person does not directly cause another to suffer injury, be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 1 year, a fine of not more than 100,000 yen or a petty fine.

当該特許権若しくは当該特許を受ける権利に係る発明又は当該実用新案権若しくは当該実用新案登録を受ける権利に係る考案を自ら実施するものでないこと。
The person is not implementing himself/herself the inventions pertaining to said patent right or the right to receive said patent, or the concept pertaining to the said utility model right or the right to receive the registration of said utility model.

第三十九条第一項（第百二十一条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により定期検査又は計量証明検査の全部又は一部を自ら行うこととするとき。
When he/she has, pursuant to the provision of Article 39, paragraph 1 (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 121, paragraph 2), decided that he/she will execute a periodic inspection or measurement certification inspection in whole or in part by him/herself.

記録によれば、12歳の時に宮中の人達に対する悪戯を試みて御所の廊下に滑石を撒いたところ、誤って自らが転倒してそのまま崩御したと伝えられている。
According to Imperial records, it is said that he sprinkled talc in the corridor of the Imperial Palace to play tricks on people inside and then he fell from his own tricks by accident and died when he was twelve years old.

御料車は専属の運転手が運転するが、天皇や他の皇族の多くが車好きとして知られ、皇居内などでは日本車を中心に自らステアリングを握って運転している。
Goryosha is driven by an exclusive chauffeur, but it is known that most Emperor and other Imperial families like cars and they drive a car (mostly Japanese car) by themselves in the premises of the Imperial Palace.

常盤会（学習院女子部の同窓会）会長松平信子ら旧華族の女性たちの反発も強く、信子に対しては昭和天皇自ら了承を求めてようやく決着したとも言われる。
Women of the former peerage, including Nobuko MATSUDAIRA, a chairman of the Tokiwa-kai Association (alumni association of The Gakushuin School Corporation Women's division), also opposed so strongly that the Emperor Showa personally got Nobuko's consent to solve the issue over the Crown Prince's marriage, it is reported.

久光は大久保利通等を遣わしこの騒ぎを抑えようと試みたが失敗したため、彼らの同志である尊王派藩士を派遣して藩邸に呼び戻し、自ら説得しようとした。
Hisamitsu attempted to suppress this disturbance by sending Toshimichi OKUBO, who failed; then, he sent retainers from the royalists, comrades of the rebels, to bring them to the domain residence, so that he himself could dissuade them from partaking in the raid.

立荘の背景には、東大寺や国衙の支配と収奪を逃れようとする田堵農民層と、自らの所領の拡大・安定を狙った正盛の間に利害の一致があったと考えられる。
The interests of the Tato (wealthy farmer) farmer class, who were controlled and deprived of the control of the Todai-ji Temple and Kokuga, and Masamori, who wished to enlarge and stabilize his property, coincided and led to the creation of the shoen.

屯田（とんでん）は、一般に、兵士に新しく耕地を開墾させ、平時は農業を行って自らを養い、戦時には軍隊に従事させる制度、またその場所や地域を言う。
Tonden refers to a system or the place/region where soldiers who were made to plow new fields were recruited at war time but farmed the land to sustain themselves at peace time.

鎌倉期守護は、侍所などの監督下で刈田狼藉の検断を実施してきたが、室町期守護は自らの権能として刈田狼藉の検断を実施することができるようになった。
While shugo in the Kamakura period were involved in the kendan (trials) of karita-rozeki under the supervision of Samurai-dokoro, shugo in the Muromachi period actually exercised their own authority when hearing karita-rozeki cases.

乱後、上皇は仲麻呂の推挙で天皇に立てられた淳仁天皇を武力をもって廃位して淡路国に流刑にすると、自らが再度天皇に復位する（重祚）ことを宣言した。
After the rebellion, the Retired Empress dethroned Emperor Junnin, who had ascended the throne with the recommendation of Nakamaro, with the military power, and made Emperor Junnin exile to Awaji Province; thereafter she declared that she herself would ascend the throne again.

この乱の後、西洋的方法を視野に入れた政治改革の必要を認識した西太后は、かつて自らが失敗させた戊戌の変法を手本としたいわゆる光緒新政を開始した。
Empress Dowager Cixi acknowledged the need for post-war political reform involving western techniques, and started the new Guangxu government based on the Hundred Days' Reform that she had previously made to fail.

江戸では長寿院を、東大寺では自ら創建した子院の竜松院を拠点とし、元禄3年に大仏の頭を、元禄4年には東大寺八幡宮（手向山八幡宮）の修造がなった。
Working hard at Choju-in Temple as the base in Edo and at Ryusho-in as the base branch temple founded by himself on the precincts of Todai-ji Temple, Kokei completed renovation of the Great Buddha's head in 1690 and Hachiman-gu Shrine (Tamukeyama Hachiman-gu Shrine) of Todai-ji Temple in 1691.

筆者である甘露寺親長は嘉吉3年（1443年）南朝 (日本)遺臣が宮中に乱入して三種の神器を奪おうとした禁闕の変で自ら太刀を抜いて応戦した人物。
The author Chikanaga KANROJI was a man who drew his sword and fought back in the Kinketsu Incident of 1443, when retainers set adrift by the downfall of the Southern Court (Japan) intruded into the court and tried to take the three Imperial regalia by force.

生前に自らの葬儀で参会者に配布するための冊子を書き、これに『寂光門松後万歳』という外題までつけたが、自身を風刺化した笑い溢れた「作品」だった。
He made a booklet for distributing the mourners at his funeral with a title 'Shidenokadomatu Gomanzai', which was a humors 'work' full of satire on himself.

頼朝は戦後処理の過程で、義経に伊予守推挙という最高の栄誉を与える代わりに、鎌倉に召喚し自らの統制下に置く、という形で事態を収拾しようと考えた。
In the process of the post-battle operation, Yoritomo tried to bring this situation under control, by making Yoshitsune return to Kamakura and put his brother under his own control, instead of granting the maximum honor of recommending Yoshitsune for the governor of Iyo Province.

仙が自ら創刊した「農業雑誌」で、1876年（明治9年）にアメリカ産トウモロコシの種の通信販売を始め、これが日本で最初の通信販売といわれている。
In his magazine 'Nogyo Zasshi' (a magazine of agriculture), he sold American corn seeds by mail order; this was said to be the first mail order service in Japan.

当時まだ元服前の小姓として初陣した萱津の戦いでは、合戦の際に目立つ様、自ら朱色に塗った上記の三間半柄の槍を持って首級ひとつを挙げる功を立てた。
In the Battle of Kayatsu which he took part in for his first battle as a page who had not yet his coming of age celebrated at that time, he carried the above-mentioned spear with a shaft being 6.3 m which he himself lacquered vermilion so that it would stand out in the battlefield, and he made an achievement of gaining a severed head with his spear.

こういった手法を後藤は自ら「生物学の原則」に則ったものであると説明している（比喩で「ヒラメの目をタイの目にすることは出来ない」と語っている）。
He explained his methodology following the 'principles of biology,' (giving a metaphorical example for explanation, 'the eyes of a flounder can not be transformed into the eyes of a sea bream.')

498年、仁賢天皇の死後、平群真鳥（へぐりのまとり）・平群鮪（しび）父子を征討し、武烈天皇を即位させて自らは大連（おおむらじ）の地位についた。
In 498, after the death of Emperor Ninken, he defeated HEGURI no Matori and his son, HEGRUI no Shibi, let Emperor Buretsu ascend the throne and took the position of Omuraji (hereditary title).

その姿勢はきわめて真剣なもので、寛文2年（1662年）にはついに「愛欲の源」であり学道の妨げであるとしてカミソリで自らの男根を断った（羅切）。
Ryooo's attitude was extremely serious, this lead to the action of severing his penis with a razor because of his firm belief that it was 'source of sexual desire,' and it was a hindrance to learning (It was called 'Rasetsu', to cut one's penis off [in order to keep sexual desire off mind]).

この少し後、自ら火薬の製法を学ぶなど鉄砲の導入に積極的だった将軍足利義輝の命令を受け、近江国国友村に庇護を与えて組織的に鉄砲を製造させている。
After a while, he protected Kunitomo village in Omi Province and made people there produce guns systematically by order of Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, who was positive about bringing in guns and learned how to make gunpowder.

実頼は摂関を歴任しているものの天皇との外戚関係を結ぶことができず、自らを揚名官（名前だけの名誉職）の関白という意味で「揚名関白」と称している。
Saneyori served the role of Sekkan (regents and advisers) but failed to become a maternal relative to the Emperor and called himself 'yomei kanpaku.'

特に、仏教思想・仏教史を近代的学問体系からの批判に耐え得る形で研究するとともに、その成果を自ら整備に関与した公私の諸教育機関において公開した。
He researched Buddhist concepts and history while coming under fire from the modern academic system, and he disclosed his accomplishments in various public and private educational institutes in which he was involved when they were established.

元治元年6月5日夜、同僚の野老山吾吉郎と三条橋付近で、池田屋事件により厳戒警備中の幕府方に尋問を受けて斬り合いになり、2人を斬殺し自らも負傷。
In the evening of July 8, 1864 and around Sanjo-bashi bridge, Hachiro and his fellow, Gokichiro TOKOROYAMA were questioned by a group of guards of the Tokugawa shogunate who were carrying out guard duty due to strict security that ensued due to the Ikedaya Incident, and a fight using swords started, Hachiro killed two guards with his sword, and Hachiro himself was also injured.

安和2年（969年）には自ら所有する粟田山荘にて尚歯会を開催し、その際に詠まれた漢詩が『粟田左府尚歯会詩』（『群書類従』所収）に残されている。
In 969, he held 'Shoshikai' (Arihira's party of 'kanshi' [Chinese poetry]) in his own Awata-sanso Villa, and the Chinese poems composed at that time are seen in 'Awata Safu Shoshikai shi' (Poems Composed at Shoshikai of Awata no Safu), which are included in 'Gunsho ruiju' (A Classified Collection of the Japanese Classics).

また、『平家物語』や『愚管抄』などでは、安徳天皇はヤマタノオロチの転生であって、オロチが奪われた自らの宝剣を奪い返して竜宮に持ち帰ったという。
Also, books such as 'Tale of the Heike,' 'Gukansho' (Jottings of a Fool) record that Emperor Antoku (a child emperor of Heike origin who was drowned at sea with the Ama no Murakumo no Tsurugi Sword as a result of the defeat of the Heike clan) is the reincarnation of Yamatanoorochi (eight-headed and eight-tailed dragon), and that Yamatanoorochi took back his stolen treasure sword (Ama no Murakumo no Tsurugi Sword is said to be effectuated from the tail of Yamatanoorochi) and brought it back to Ryugu (the Palace of the Dragon King in the deep sea).

すべての人と相和し、また、自らきよくなるように努めなさい。きよくならなければ、だれも主を見ることはできない。 (ヘブル人への手紙 12:14)
Follow after peace with all men, and the sanctification without which no man will see the Lord, (Hebrews 12:14)

ナポレオンは、自らの支配する領土（フランス）の群集の心理には長けていたが、それ以外の土地の群衆の性質に関してはまったくの誤解をしていた。[1]
Napoleon had a marvellous insight into the psychology of the masses of the country over which he reigned, but he, at times, completely misunderstood the psychology of crowds belonging to other races;[1]

warez d00dzとの示唆的な対照性について加筆、「ソフトは自ら語るべきだ」との考えについての部分加筆、個人崇拝の回避に関する考えを加筆。
Added instructive contrasts with warez d00dz, material on the `software should speak for itself' premise, and observations on avoiding personality cults.

破砕業者は、その引き取った解体自動車の破砕及び破砕前処理を自ら行わないときは、速やかに、他の破砕業者に当該解体自動車を引き渡さなければならない。
When shredding and sorting and pre-shredding and sorting processing of Dismantled Vehicles which have been collected are not carried out by the Shredding and Sorting Operator itself, the Shredding and Sorting Operators shall deliver the Dismantled Vehicles to another Shredding and Sorting Operator.

浄土教ではそのような悪い事象も良い事象もすべてみ仏にお任せして、自らはしっかりと信心をするという本来の意味での他力本願にすがるしかない、とする。
The Jodo sect interprets that a person should ask Tariki Hongan (salvation through the benevolence of Buddha) which originally means to entrust Buddha with all such bad phenomena and good phenomena and believe it securely.

また、智光が自らの僧房に、画工に描かせた浄土変相図（浄土曼荼羅）を掛けて極楽往生を念じた縁由により、元興寺という呼称が用いられるようになった。
Additionally, Chiko's own sobo (the priests' living quarters in a Buddhist temple) was called Gango-ji Temple, because he had hung Jodo Henso-zu (Jodo Mandala) which he had painters paint and prayed for the rebirth in Gokuraku-Jodo.

この形態を農醸一貫などといい、自ら稲作も兼ねている酒蔵を自栽蔵、もしくはブドウから栽培するフランスのワイン農家になぞらえてドメーヌ蔵などという。
Such a system is called 'nojo ikkan' (integration of growing and brewing), and breweries that grow rice by themselves are called 'jisaigura' (breweries growing rice) or 'domaine' breweries, being likened to French wineries that grow wine grapes.

なかには須田貞明（黒澤明の実兄）のように転身を図ることもできず、ストライキによる待遇改善の要求に失敗、精神的な挫折により自ら命を絶った者もいた。
However, there were some katsudo benshi like Sadaaki SUDA (the biological older brother of Akira KUROSAWA), who committed suicide because he could not change his job, tried in vain to get better treatment with a strike, and fell into despair.

いでそのころは自らが、盛りの花や春深き、聚楽殿の栄華の夢、我ひとたび笑むときは、布衣より出でて天が下、六十余州を掌握ありしあの太閤とて何の英雄。
いでそのころは自らが、盛りの花や春深き、聚楽殿の栄華の夢、我ひとたび笑むときは、布衣より出でて天が下、六十余州を掌握ありしあの太閤とて何の英雄。'

正慶2年（1333年）には後醍醐が隠岐を脱出して伯耆に滞在し、自ら叛乱に参加する態度を示すとともに、広く各地の武士団に叛乱への参加を呼びかけた。
In 1333, Godaigo escaped Oki and stayed at Hoki, indicating his wishes to directly participation the insurrection and widely made a call for participation among the armed groups around the country.

領主側から見れば、自らが年貢徴収を行う場合と比べて、凶作時のリスクを回避し、また徴収に係るコストを軽減することができ、大きな利点があると言えた。
From the viewpoint of the feudal lords, the jigeuke had much greater advantages than collecting nengu by themselves because it enabled them to avoid the risk of a poor harvest as well as to reduce the cost of collecting the nengu.

（意味）我が国は未曾有の変革を為そうとし、わたくし天皇が自ら皆に率先して天地神明に誓い、大いにこの国是を定め、万民を保全する道を立てようとする。
(Meaning) our country is making unprecedented transformation and I, the Emperor take initiative to swear to God, establish this national policy and preserve all the people.

さらに当時の宮廷の頌歌では「海東天子」や「南蛮北狄自ら来朝す」といった表現があり、当時の金石文には「皇帝陛下詔して曰く」と刻しているものもある。
Further, the phrase '海東天子' and '南蛮北狄自ら来朝す' are seen in the songs of the Court at that time, and the inscription of '皇帝陛下詔して曰く' is seen on kinsekibun (words written on metal and stones).

しかし、「小隠」ともいわれる隠逸スタイルは官位を捨て山林などに隠棲することであり、そもそも自らの生活のベースである特権階級をも維持できなくなる。
However, a style of recluses called 'Shoin,' meant to abandon official ranks and retire from the world to mountain or forest, making it impossible for the recluses to hold their privileges that were the basis of their living.

だが、最末期には幕府自らが諸色（生活物資）の流通機構を半国営化する「諸色会所」構想を推進した（もっとも、江戸幕府の滅亡によって実現しなかった）。
However, the bakufu itself promoted a concept of 'shoshiki-kaisho' (daily commodity kaisho) in order to establish semi-nationalized distribution system of shoshiki (daily commodities) in the very last years of the Edo period (although the concept was never put into practice due to the collapse of the Edo bakufu).

喜兵衛らが自ら植えた松を切り取ったところに里右衛門と久助が通りかかり、咎めたところ、喜兵衛は自分が植えた松であるといい、里右衛門に従わなかった。
After Kihei cut the pine tree that he himself had planted, Riuemon and Kyusuke happened to came to the site and blamed the conduct, but Kihei rejected Riuemon's accusation saying that he himself had planted it.

尊氏は自ら直冬討伐を企てるが、正平13年/延文3年4月30日（1358年）、背中に出来た癰（よう、腫物）のため、京都二条万里小路邸にて死去した。
He plotted to kill Tadafuyu, but died of a tumor on his back at the palace of Made'nokoji in Nijo, Kyoto, on April 30th, 1358.

またこの事件に対し天皇が激怒し、自ら近衛部隊を率いて叛乱軍と戦うと言い出した時は、立憲君主制下の君主にあるまじき行動として、激しく諌言している。
Furthermore, the Emperor was enraged by this incident and said that he would lead the Konoe Troops himself to fight against the rebellious troops, Saionji admonished him for taking an action unfit for a ruler under constitutional monarchy.

孝謙上皇は恵美押勝の乱鎮圧の後、淳仁天皇を廃して自ら称徳天皇として重祚すると、天皇の道鏡の権勢は非常に強まり、太政大臣禅師、翌には法王となった。
When Retired Empress Koken abolished Emperor Junnin and she herself took over the Imperial throne as a second enthronement self-proclaiming as Empress Shotoku after suppressing the Rebellion of Emi no Oshikatsu, Dokyo's influence over the Empress became extremely strong and Dokyo ascended through the ranks to Dajodaijin (Grand Minister) Zenji (master of Zen Buddhism), and in the next year, to Hoo (the Emperor of the Buddhist Law).

しかし江戸急進派は納得せず、内蔵助をはずして独自に決起することを模索しつつ、ついに6月には江戸急進派の頭目堀部安兵衛が自ら京都へ乗り込んでくる。
However, the radical Edo faction was unsatisfied and sought independence from Kuranosuke, thus the leader of the radical Edo faction, Yasube HORIBE, relocated to Kyoto.

こうした情勢を見て師仲は、味方陣中にあった三種の神器の一つである八咫鏡などを自らの手中に納め、早くも降伏を想定した保身行動に入っていたとされる。
Reportedly, Moronaka, who saw the situation, held in his hand Yata no Kagami (the eight-span mirror), which was one of the three sacred emblems of the imperial family as a measure for self-protection taking surrender into consideration.

このとき西園寺は1869（明治2）年の私塾開設と同時に自身で揮毫した「立命館」の大書を送るとともに、自ら次のような扁額をしたためて寄贈している。
At that time, Saionji sent a big sign with the letters 'Ritsumeikan' that he had written himself when the private academy was established in 1869, as well as giving the following framed motto he wrote himself.

しかし、良継は過去に兄である藤原広嗣の藤原広嗣の乱による連座と自らが大伴家持らと企てた藤原仲麻呂暗殺計画によって2度官職を剥奪された事があった。
However, Yoshitsugu was deprived of his official post twice up to then due to his involvement in the Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu caused by his elder brother FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu as well as the assassination plot of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro which he attempted together with OTOMO no Yakamochi and so on.

法第六十六条の二の自ら受けた健康診断の結果に基づく法第六十六条の四の規定による医師からの意見聴取は、次に定めるところにより行わなければならない。
A hearing of the advice by a physician pursuant to the provision of Article 66-4 of the Act, based on the result of voluntary medical examination set forth in Article 66-2 of the Act shall be carried out as prescribed as follows:

第一項の労働者の提供を受けてこれを自らの指揮命令の下に労働させる者とは、個人、団体、法人、政府機関又はその他如何なる名称形式であるとを問わない。
A person receiving the supply of workers and having such workers engage in the labor under its directions and orders as provided by paragraph 1 may be an individual, association, juridical person, governmental organization or others, regardless of its name or form.

イスラエルの誇は自らに向かって証言している、彼らはこのもろもろの事があっても、なおその神、主に帰らず、また主を求めない。 (ホセア書 7:10)
The pride of Israel testifies to his face; yet they haven't returned to Yahweh their God, nor sought him, for all this. (Hosea 7:10)

「わたしはモアブのあざけりと、アンモンの人々の、ののしりを聞いた。彼らはわが民をあざけり、自ら誇って彼らの国境を侵した。 (ゼパニヤ書 2:8)
I have heard the reproach of Moab, and the insults of the children of Ammon, with which they have reproached my people, and magnified themselves against their border. (Zephaniah 2:8)

トレローニーさんは船乗りを職業にしたこともあったので、その知識はとても役にたち、天候が荒れてないときはしばしば見張り役を自らかって出たりもした。
Mr. Trelawney had followed the sea, and his knowledge made him very useful, for he often took a watch himself in easy weather.

有限責任事業組合契約に基づく権利　当該有限責任事業組合契約によって成立する組合の重要な業務の執行の決定に関与し、かつ、当該業務を自ら執行する組合員
rights under a Limited Liability Partnership Agreement:　the partner who participates in management decisions regarding the important business activities of the partnership formed under said Limited Liability Partnership Agreement, and manages said business activities by himself/herself;

裁判所が職権で証拠書類の取調をするについては、裁判長は、自らその書類を朗読し、又は陪席の裁判官若しくは裁判所書記にこれを朗読させなければならない。
When the court examines documentary evidence ex officio, the presiding judge shall read out the documents, or have an associate judge or court clerk to do.

裁判長は、必要と認めるときは、何時でも訴訟関係人の証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人に対する尋問を中止させ、自らその事項について尋問することができる。
When the presiding judge finds it to be necessary, he/she may have a person concerned in the case stop questioning a witness, expert witness, interpreter, or translator at any time, and ask a question with regard to such matter himself/herself.

経済産業大臣が前項の規定により検査の業務の全部又は一部を自ら行う場合における検査の業務の引継ぎその他の必要な事項については、経済産業省令で定める。
The transfer of the services for Inspections and other necessary matters, in the case where the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry performs the whole or a part of the services for Inspections him/herself pursuant to the preceding paragraph, shall be specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

前号の自らした意匠登録出願について、その意匠登録出願に係る意匠が第三条第一項各号の一に該当し、拒絶をすべき旨の査定又は審決が確定した者であること。
with regard to the application for design registration filed by the person as prescribed in the preceding item, an examiner's decision or trial decision to the effect that the application is to be refused on the ground that the design in the application falls under any of items of Article 3(1) has become final and binding.

しかし、自らも平治の乱を戦い、父の義朝に従うかつての渋谷金王丸の記憶を持つ源頼朝が父に対する忠誠心などを評価したため、罪を許して家臣として迎えた。
However, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who was also engaged in the Heiji War and remembered Konnomaru SHIBUYA, appreciated Shoshun's loyalty to his father and employed Shoshun as a vassal whilst pardoning the crime.

渋川春海は、中国の授時暦を元に自ら観測して求めた日本と中国との里差（経度差）を加味して、日本独自の暦法を完成させ、大和暦（やまとれき）と命名した。
Completing a calendar of Japanese origin, Harumi SHIBUKAWA named his calendar the Yamatoreki (Yamato calendar), with taking into account the difference of longitude between China and Japan after making his own astronomical observations based on the Jujireki (Juji calendar) in China.

白太夫は自らの誕生日の祝う日に、一族がバラバラとなりついには我が子の死を看取る悲劇的な役割で、なおかつ、最後まで親の温情を失わない難しい役である。
Shiratayu had a tragic and difficult role of having his clan fallen apart and oversaw the death of his son and did not lose the parental love until even to the very end.

それでも円融天皇は尊子内親王を可愛らしく思い寵愛したというが、唯一の頼りであった叔父光昭の死を期に、内親王は自ら髪を切り落として世を捨ててしまう。
Imperial Princess Sonshi was much loved by Emperor Enyu as he adored her, but after her uncle, Mitsuakira died who she relied on the most, the Princess shaved her head and entered into the priesthood.

不改常典が直系継承法だとすると、天武天皇は不改常典を破って皇位を得たことになり、その子孫が不改常典を自らの正統の拠りどころにするのは不自然である。
If Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten is a direct line imperial succession code, Emperor Tenmu broke Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten to take the Imperial Throne, and therefore, it is unnatural that his descendents rely their legitimacy on Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten.

『古事記』によると、顕宗天皇の父（市辺押磐皇子）の仇討ちをすべく、意祁命（後の仁賢天皇）自ら雄略天皇陵の墳丘の一部を小規模ながら破壊した、とある。
According to the Kojiki, Oke no mikoto (later the Emperor Ninken) himself destroyed a part of the tumulus of the Emperor Yuryaku in order to inflict vengeance for the father of the Emperor Kenzo (Prince Ichihe no Oshihano).

大海人皇子は自ら行動を起こす2日前、6月22日に使者を出し、安八磨郡（安八郡）の湯沐令（ゆのうながし）の多品治に兵を挙げて不破道を塞ぐよう命じた。
Prince Oama sent an envoy to O no Honji, a Yunonagashi of Ahachimanokoori (Anpachi District), on June 22, two days before he took action by himself, and ordered him to raise an army to block the road of Fuwa.

こうした反平氏の動きの背景には、平氏が現地勢力を軽視して自らの家人や係累を優先して平氏知行国や平氏所領の支配に当たらせていたことへの反発があった。
The background for anti-Taira movements was because there was animosity towards the Taira clan, who gave precedence to their own vassals and related persons while preventing local forces from ruling Taira clan governed provinces and property.

後日、明治天皇自らが神戸港のロシア軍艦を訪問するとした際に、「拉致されてしまう」と進言する重臣達の反対を振り切って療養中のニコライを再び見舞った。
Later, when Emperor Meiji visited a Russian warship in Kobe harbor, he paid a visit to Nicholas again, ignoring protests from some senior statesmen that he might be taken hostage.

それゆえ、自らの王や周辺諸国の王が「皇」の文字を使用する事は道理に反するとして認めず、天皇の事を「日本国王」「wko일본_천황」などと呼んできた。
Therefore, they didn't allow their own king or the kings of neighboring countries to use the character '皇' on the grounds that it went against reason, and they called the emperor of Japan 'the king of Japan' or '일본_천황' (Ilbon Chonhwang).

佐藤は、自らが率先して革命歌を高唱し、「無政府主義万歳」と叫んだことを認めると共に、無政府主義も社会主義も究極の目的は一致するかもしれぬと答えた。
SATO acknowledged that he was the first to sing songs of revolution in a loud voice and to yell 'Hurrah for anarchism,' and replied that the ultimate objectives of anarchism and of socilalism may be the same.

琴の名手である東晋の戴逵・宋 (南朝)の范曄、画芸に秀でた宋の鄭所南・元 (王朝)の倪雲林などは、ときの権力者に屈することなく自らの矜持を貫いた。
TAI Ki in the Eastern Jin and FAN Ye in Song (Southern Dynasty) who were masters of kin, and TEI Shonan in Song and GEI Unrin in Yuan who were good at painting kept their prides intact without being defeated by a powerful man in those days.

あまりにも熱中しすぎていたため、永正元年（1504年）には「すこぶる狂事なり、咲（わら）ふべし咲ふべし」（5月14日）と、自らを戒める記述がある。
He was so absorbed in shogi that he cautioned himself writing 'I am crazy and should be mocked' in 1504 (July 6).

8月14日、義仲は新帝即位に介入し、今度の大功は自らが推戴してきた北陸宮の力であるとして、この宮を天皇として即位させるよう朝廷に執拗に申し立てた。
On August 14th, Yoshinaka intervened on the enthronement of the new emperor by claiming that this great achievement was due to Prince Hokuriku whom he backed up; he insisted the Imperial Court to enthrone the Prince as the emperor.

信長（上川隆也）では平和な世を築き上げることは出来ないと判断し、秀吉（柳葉敏郎）が自らを討ち取って天下を取ることを期待して、本能寺の変に及ぶ設定。
Judging that Nobunaga (Takaya KAMIKAWA) would not create a peaceful land, Mitsuhide raised Honno-ji no Hen in the hope that Hideyoshi (Toshiro YANAGIBA) would cut off his head and govern the land.

長享元年（1487年）9月12日には自ら親征して、公家・神社・奉公衆（将軍直轄軍）領を侵略した近江国守護の六角高頼を討伐しようとした（六角征伐）。
On October 7, 1487, he went on an expedition against Takayori ROKKAKU (the hugo of Omi Province who had invaded the territory of Kuge), court nobles and the Hokushu, the guard force (the shogun's directly controlled army), in a campaign called the ROKKAKU subjugation.

北海道開拓に関与した経験から、農業の重要性を痛感、明治24年（1891年）に徳川育英会育英黌農業科（現在の東京農業大学）を創設し自ら黌長となった。
Keenly realizing the importance of agriculture through his experience in the cultivation of Hokkaido, in 1891he founded the Tokugawa Ikueikai Foundation (now Tokyo University of Agriculture) and assumed the role of its president.

政宗は家康に従って後の天下取りの機会をうかがうことを優先し、旧領である上杉領に進攻し100万石のお墨付き分の領地を自らの手で獲得することを狙った。
By following Ieyasu, Masamune prioritized finding an opportunity to conquer the country in the future; he first aimed to retrieve his former territory by invading the land of the Uesugi clan, in order to acquire a total territory worth 1,000,000 koku with his own hands, which was the amount promised in the 'Assurance of Hyakumangoku.'

清盛はこの後白河の自分を無視する施策に遂に激怒し、11月14日、福原京（現在の神戸市）から軍勢を率いて自ら上洛し、翌15日にクーデターを決行した。
Kiyomori, finally becoming furious about Goshirakawa's moves that had ignored him, led an army from Fukuharakyo (currently Kobe City) to the capital on December 21, and started a coup on the next day.

すなわち、天文図の次に世界図を見て、その次に日本図を見て、さらに国地図を見て、各図を見れば自らの居場所が宇宙視野で確認できるよう空間配置を試みた。
In other words, he attempted to create a spacial arrangement so that a person, by looking at the astronomical chart, then the world map, the map of Japan, and then the national map, could confirm where they were from a universal point of view.

しかし「深宮の内に養長して未だ嘗て世俗の艱難を知らず」と評され、性格は温雅で音楽を愛好し、座右に鼓鐘を置いて、退庁の後は自ら弾じて楽しんだという。
Some people criticized him as a spoiled man who was ignorant of the real world hardships, however he was also reputed to be mild-mannered, loved music, had a hand drum and a bell on his desk at office and played them himself after work.

兄同様弟も求道の念篤く学問好きで後に師の遺著『大道或問』を編集して上梓し、安政2年には自ら神代巻を大要した『稽古要略』『神武沿革考』を著している。
Like his brother, Yoshihisa studied hard with a deep longing for Kodo; later he edited and published one of their teacher's literary remains 'Daido Wakumon' (Studies on the Great Kodo), besides, in 1855, he wrote 'Keiko Yoryaku', the summary of the volume of Jindai (the period of gods), which was his teacher's work, as well as 'Jinmu Enkaku-ko' (Studies on the History of the First Emperor Jinmu).

弥三郎（やさぶろう）という男の母親が鬼婆に変貌したという説や、鬼婆が弥三郎の母を食い殺して自らが弥三郎の母に成り変わったという説など、諸説がある。
One of the theories is that the mother of a man called Yasaburo was transformed into a hag, and another is that a hag bit Yasaburo's mother to death and transformed herself into his mother; and much more.

例えば、源頼朝は、自らの事業を「天下の草創」と称したが、後の豊臣秀吉や徳川家康が日本六十余州を支配したことに比べ、頼朝は比較にならないほどである。
For example, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo called his project 'Beginning of a unified country (tenka no shoshi),' however, his governing areas cannot be compared with the sixty or so provinces that Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA governed.

すべてを創造し終えられた神々は、この世界を去られる時、自らの力を象徴する黄金の聖三角体『トライフォース』を残されて世界のすべてをおさめさせました。
After the gods had finished their work, they left the world, but not before creating a symbol of their strength, a golden triangle known as the Triforce. A small but powerful portion of the essence of the gods was held in this mighty artifact, which was to guide the intelligent life on the world of Hyrule.

たといソーダをもって自ら洗い、また多くの灰汁を用いても、あなたの悪の汚れは、なおわたしの前にある」と主なる神は言われる。 (エレミヤ書 2:22)
For though you wash yourself with lye, and use much soap, yet your iniquity is marked before me,' says the Lord Yahweh. (Jeremiah 2:22)

しかしあなたがたはわたしに聞き従わず、あなたがたの手で作った物をもって、わたしを怒らせて自ら害を招いたと、主は言われる。 (エレミヤ書 25:7)
Yet you have not listened to me, says Yahweh; that you may provoke me to anger with the work of your hands to your own hurt. (Jeremiah 25:7)

だから、あなたがたは、神の力強い御手の下に、自らを低くしなさい。時が来れば神はあなたがたを高くして下さるであろう。 (ペテロの第一の手紙 5:6)
Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you in due time; (1 Peter 5:6)

群集は政府が主催する集会に代表者を派遣するが、その代表者は自主性と独立性に欠けており、結局のところ自らを選出した委員会のスポークスマンでしかない。
They return to assemblies in which the Government is vested, representatives utterly lacking initiative and independence, and reduced most often to nothing else than the spokesmen of the committees that have chosen them.

それはつまり、必要な場合には、自分の力量で自らを維持できるような支配力を持っているのか、それとも常に他国からの支援を必要とするのか、という点です。
that is, whether a prince has such power that, in case of need, he can support himself with his own resources, or whether he has always need of the assistance of others.

というのは、自らを律して慎重で忍耐強くふるまってきた人にとって、彼のやり方がうまくいくように、時代と状況が収斂するなら、彼には運は向くでしょうが、
for if, to one who governs himself with caution and patience, times and affairs converge in such a way that his administration is successful, his fortune is made;

ホームズがゆっくりと物々しくブライオニ荘に運ばれていき、計画の舞台たる居間に安置させられるのを、私は窓のそば、自らの持ち場からじっと見守っていた。
Slowly and solemnly he was borne into Briony Lodge and laid out in the principal room, while I still observed the proceedings from my post by the window.

裁判所が職権で証拠物の取調をするについては、裁判長は、自らこれを訴訟関係人に示し、又は陪席の裁判官若しくは裁判所書記にこれを示させなければならない。
When examining material evidence ex officio, the presiding judge shall display the evidence to the persons concerned in the trial or order an associate judge or court clerk to do so.

令第十条ただし書の規定に基づき財務大臣及び事業所管大臣が自ら行う事務は、第七条第二項から第四項までの規定に係る通知及び報告の受理に関する事務とする。
Administrative affairs that the Minister of Finance and the minister having jurisdiction over the business personally carry out based on the proviso to Article 10 of the Order shall be administrative affairs in connection with the receipt of notices and reports under the provisions of Article 7, paragraphs (2) to (4).

この寺は、備中国足守藩主で豊臣秀吉の正室北政所の甥に当たる木下利房（1573年～1637年）が、伏見城の化粧殿を自らの邸に移して寺としたのに始まる。
The origin of this temple was that Toshifusa KINOSHITA (1573-1637), who was the lord of the Ashimori Domain in the Bicchu Province and a nephew of Kita no Mandokoro, legal wife of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, moved Keshoden (dressing hall building) of the Fushimi-jo Castle into his residence and made it a temple.

そうした場合、しばしば地元の住人はその食品が自らの地域特有の「郷土料理」であることを認識しておらず、全国区的な食品と思い込んでいることも珍しくない。
However local residents are often ignorant that those foods are unique to their own communities as 'local dishes,' assuming the foods are common ones nationwide.

そして10月14日の夜明け頃、二人は俗世との縁を絶つ為に髪を切った後、治兵衛は小春の喉首を刺し、自らはおさんへの義理立てのため、首を吊って心中した。
Then, at around dawn on October 14, after Jihe and Koharu cut their hair to disconnect with the secular world, Jihe knifed Koharu in the throat, and hung himself to loyal to Osan, to commit love suicide.

江戸時代初期には近衛信尹や小堀遠州などの風流人が、画家では狩野探幽、土佐光起や円山応挙、谷文晁、高久靄厓、椿椿山などが好んで自らの落款印としている。
In the early Edo period, men of refined taste such as Nobutada KONOE and Enshu KOBORI, painters such as Tanyu Kano, Mitsuoki TOSA, Oukyo MARUYAMA, Buncho TANI, Aigai TAKAKU, and Chinzan TSUBAKI preferably used itoin as their own Rakkan-in (seal to be put on a piece of calligraphy by a calligrapher when the piece is completed).

平成18年（2006年）には父・秋篠宮文仁親王の三重県訪問に同行し伊勢神宮神宮式年遷宮の行事「神宮式年遷宮御木曳行事」を視察し、自ら行事に参加した。
In 2006, the princess accompanied her father Imperial Prince Akishinonomiya Fumihito when he visited Mie Prefecture and she observed and participated in 'Okihikigyoji' (the event to carry the lumber into the reconstruction site), one of the events in Jingu Shikinen Sengu (the event to reconstruct a shrine building every 20 years) of Ise Shrine.

当時皇太子基王が急死し、自らも病弱であった聖武天皇に万が一の事があれば、天皇の叔母にあたる内親王やその子供達の皇位継承の可能性もあったと考えられる。
If Prince Motoi, the Crown Prince suddenly died and if anything happened to Emperor Shomu who was sick himself at that time, the Imperial Princess who was the aunt of the Emperor and her sons were thought to have had the possibility of succeeding the Imperial Throne.

一方、清盛は自らの娘を信西の子・成憲に嫁がせていたが、信頼の嫡子・藤原信親にも娘（後の藤原隆房室）を嫁がせるなど、両派の対立では中立的立場にあった。
Kiyomori, on the other hand, had married one of his own daughters to Narinori, Shinzei's son, yet also married off another daughter (who would later become FUJIWARA no Takafusa's wife) to FUJIWARA no Nobuchika, Nobuyori's son and heir, and took other steps to avoid the conflict between the two factions and achieve a neutral position.

頼忠・雅信排除の名目を見出せなかった兼家は、自ら右大臣を辞して替わりに准三宮の待遇を受けて、前大臣でありながら摂政後に関白として百官の上位に就いた。
As Kaneie could not find any pretext to remove Yoritada or Masanobu, he himself resigned his post as minister of the right and was treated as jusangu in exchange for it, then took a higher rank than any other officer as chancellor, after taking the post of regent, even though he was an ex-minister.

しかし、これらの反平氏勢力は平氏追討を建前として掲げてはいたが、本音では自らの権利の確保、そして中央政府からの一定範囲での独立を真の目的としていた。
However, while the anti-Taira clan forces attacked the Taira clan, the real reason was to keep their own rights and privileges and to obtain a certain degree of independence from the central government.

また現実の農業従事者は必ずしも百姓という呼称を差別的だととらえているとは限らず、むしろ一部の篤農家は自らを誇ってあえて百姓と自称する向きも見られる。
It is not always true that actual agriculture workers considered the term 'hyakusho' as discriminatory, and some practical farmers who are proud of themselves, call themselves hyakusho.

ただし、盟友関係にあった関白・近衛前久に宛てて、合戦後に政虎が送った書状では、政虎自ら太刀を振ったと述べられており、激戦であったことは確かとされる。
However, in the letter Masatora sent to Sakihisa KONOE, who was Kanpaku (the top adviser to the emperor) and his ally, after the battle, he wrote that he himself used his sword in the fight, and therefore, it is considered that the battle was a fierce one.

性文化を始め日本の土着文化を自ら潰し、失われてしまったものが少なくない（例えば今日、茶道を嗜む者はいるが、日常的にちょんまげをしている者はいない）。
This has resulted in the Japanese throwing away their original native culture of the sexes on their own and they have lost quite a lot (for instance, some Japanese enjoy Japanese tea ceremony, but no Japanese men make a habit of wearing their hair in a topknot).

翌13日に天皇はニコライの宿舎である京都ホテルに自ら赴いてニコライを見舞い、さらには熾仁・威仁・能久の三親王を引き連れてニコライを神戸まで見送った。
On May 13, the Emperor visited Kyoto Hotel where Nicholas stayed, and then escorted Nicholas to Kobe together with 3 Imperial Princes, Taruhito, Takehito and Yoshihisa.

幕府は、なかば摘発になす術がなく、なかば自らの朝令暮改が混乱を招いていると知ったためか、かなり無株者の酒の密造を黙認し、見てみぬふりをしようとした。
Partly because the bakufu did not have means to expose such mukabumono and also probably in part because the bakufu understood its lack of principle had brought about the confusion, it tried to connive at illicit sake manufacturing of mukabumono to a considerable extent, pretending not to notice.

いっぽう、幼少時に鎌倉へ下向し、執権北条家の傀儡となっていた4代将軍・藤原頼経も成年に達し、自ら政権を握る意志を持ち、反執権勢力の糾合を図っていた。
Meanwhile, the 4th shogun, FUJIWARA no Yoritsune, who had left the capital for Kamakura in his early years, and worked as a puppet of the regent HOJO family, came of age, and wanted to hold the reigns of government, trying to organize the anti-regent power.

徳島県鳴門市里浦町坂田 - 比丘尼の姿で阿波里浦に漂着し、その後辱めをうけんとし自らの陰部をえぐり投げつけ姿を消し、尼塚という供養塔を建てたという。
Sakata, Satoura-machi, Naruto City, Tokushima Prefecture - She washed ashore in the figure of Bikuni (Buddhist priestess), and then gouged out her pubic region so as not to be assaulted, and then disappeared, so people erected a stone monument called Amazuka for the repose of her soul.

孝明天皇の大和行幸の際に、天皇自ら攘夷のための軍議を開き、軍議を開くことによって自動的に幕府から軍事権および施政権を取り返すということを企てていた。
The plan was that Emperor Komei, during the Imperial visit to Yamato, would hold a meeting on military actions for the purpose of expulsion of foreigners, thereby gaining control of the military and the government from the Tokugawa Shogunate.

また、高尾太夫を落籍するなど華美な遊興で知られた榊原政岑も処罰するなど、自らの方針に反対する者は親藩であろうと譜代の重鎮であろうと容赦はしなかった。
Yoshimune was harsh on those who acted contrary to his policy, even though the person was his relative or a powerful fudai daimyo; another example is the punishment of Masamine SAKAKIBARA who was known for lavishly spending in pursuit of his pleasure such as redeeming Takao-dayu (courtesan).

永禄12年（1569年）、肥前で勢力を拡大する龍造寺隆信を討伐するため自ら軍勢を率いて肥前に侵攻するが元就が筑前に侵攻してきたため、慌てて撤退する。
He led his army to invade Hizen Province for subjugation of Takanobu RYUZOJI expanding his power there in 1569, but he withdrew immediately due to Motonari's invasion into Chikuzen Province.

しかしながら、税収の確保や領内の不祥事は領主である旗本の責任とされるために、500石以下であっても自らの知行権を積極的に行使する旗本も存在していた。
However, because they needed securing tax and were also responsible for scandals in their territories, some hatamoto executed their right to manage their fief actively, even though they earned a 500 koku or less of rice crop.

王は自ら言った、「この大いなるバビロンは、わたしの大いなる力をもって建てた王城であって、わが威光を輝かすものではないか」。 (ダニエル書 4:30)
The king spoke and said, 'Is this not great Babylon, which I have built for the royal dwelling place by the might of my power and for the glory of my majesty?' (Daniel 4:30)

彼は、すべて神と呼ばれたり拝まれたりするものに反抗して立ち上がり、自ら神の宮に座して、自分は神だと宣言する。 (テサロニケ人への第ニの手紙 2:4)
he who opposes and exalts himself against all that is called God or that is worshiped; so that he sits as God in the temple of God, setting himself up as God. (2 Thessalonians 2:4)

俳優が自らの人生に起こった感情または反動を回想し、描写されている性格と一致させるためにそれらを利用するスタニスラフスキーによって導入された舞台の技術
an acting technique introduced by Stanislavsky in which the actor recalls emotions or reactions from his or her own life and uses them to identify with the character being portrayed

意思表示は、法律行為の要素に錯誤があったときは、無効とする。ただし、表意者に重大な過失があったときは、表意者は、自らその無効を主張することができない。
Manifestation of intention has no effect when there is a mistake in any element of the juristic act in question; provided, however, that the person who made the manifestation of intention may not assert such nullity by himself/herself if he/she was grossly negligent.

内閣総理大臣が前項の規定により講習事務の全部又は一部を自ら行う場合における講習事務の引継ぎその他講習事務の実施に関して必要な事項は、内閣府令で定める。
Where the Prime Minister conducts Training Affairs by himself/herself in whole or in part pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the necessary matters for transferring the Training Affairs and implementing the Training Affairs shall be specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance.

電子債権記録機関が自らの権限により記録すべき記録事項について、その記録がされていない場合（一の電子記録の記録事項の全部が記録されていないときを除く。）
In case where the Recorded Matters which should have been recorded by the Electronic Monetary Claim Recording Institution by its own authority have not been recorded (excluding cases where all the Recorded Matters of one Electronic Record are not recorded).

出資対象事業に係る重要な業務の執行の決定に関与し、かつ、当該業務を自ら執行する者（無限責任組合員に類する者があるときは、当該無限責任組合員に類する者）
the person who participates in management decisions regarding the important business activities of the Business Subject to Investment, and manages said business activities by himself/herself (or, in cases where there is any person similar to an unlimited liability partner, the person similar to an unlimited liability partner);

第二十八条第二項の規定により試験事務の全部若しくは一部を自ら行うこととするとき、又は自ら行つていた試験事務の全部若しくは一部を行わないこととするとき。
When he/she conducts whole or part of the examination works pursuant to the provision of Article 28 (2), or when he/she does not to conduct whole or part of the examination works which he/she has conducted by him/herself.

司法修習生となる資格を得た後に自らの法律に関する専門的知識に基づいて次に掲げる事務のいずれかを処理する職務に従事した期間が通算して七年以上になること。
After acquiring the qualification to become a legal apprentice, to have utilized his/her own specialized knowledge of law in the discharge of duties dealing with any of the following matters, for a total of not less than seven years:

だが、もう一人の王は仏になる力を持ちながら、あえて仏となることを拒否し、自らの意で人の身のまま地獄に落ち、すべての苦悩とさ迷い続ける魂を救おうとした。
However, the other king dared to reject becoming Buddha in spite of being capable of doing so; instead he willingly went to Hell, keeping his human form, and continuously endeavored to relieve all the troubles and wandering of souls.

義介は自ら定めた行持を古規に戻すなど反対派との融和を図るが対立は深まる一方であり、7年後の弘安10年（1287年）永平寺を下山し加賀国大乗寺に移った。
Gikai tried to reconcile with the opposing group by changing the rules he had made to the old ones and so on, but since the conflict seemed to deepen, in 1287, after seven years had passed, he left Eihei-ji Temple and moved to Daijo-ji Temple in Kaga Province.

彼らは国司や押領使として勲功を挙げるとともに、赴任した地方に土着して国衙から公田経営を公認されるなど、自らの軍事力を維持出来るだけの経済基盤を築いた。
Through distinguishing themselves as local governors or oryoshi, establishing themselves in the areas they were transferred to, and being officially permitted by kokuga to manage koden (field administered directly by a ruler), they established enough of an economic foundation to maintain their own military power.

さらに対立する村落間の紛争もしばしば自らの保有する武力によって解決され、村落ごとに高地に城砦を備え、また成員が戦闘訓練を受けていることも通例であった。
Disputes (trouble) between conflicting rural communities were also settled by their own military power and it was usually the case that each community built fortresses at high altitudes and all members had combat training.

以仁王の令旨の文中に王自らの即位について触れているために、京都では以仁王の挙兵が後白河－高倉天皇系統からの皇位簒奪のための謀叛行為と受け取られていた。
The rising of Prince Mochihito was regarded as a rebellious act aiming at the usurpation of the imperial throne from the lineage of the retired Emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Takakura because Prince Mochihito's order included a reference to his own enthronement.

曼荼羅には、保元元年（1156年）に平清盛が自らの血を用いて描いたと伝承される「両界曼荼羅」（金剛峯寺蔵、重要文化財）があり、「血曼荼羅」と称される。
Among Mandala (Mandala, or a diagram that depicts Buddhist deities according to certain geometric formats and illustrates the Buddhist world view), 'Ryokai Mandala' (Two World Mandala) (possessed by Kongobu-ji Temple, an important cultural property) has been said to be painted by TAIRA no Kiyomori with his own blood, and it is called 'Chi Mandala' (blood Mandala).

第二は日本人にヨーロッパのキリスト教世界を見聞・体験させ、帰国後にその栄光、偉大さを少年達自ら語らせることにより、布教に役立てたいということであった。
Second, have the Japanese see, hear, and experience the Christian world in Europe so that the boys could tell of its glory and greatness after returning to Japan, which would be useful for propagation.

王が自らの支配する土地を、自らが支配する人民（百姓）へ直接（中間支配者である豪族を介さずに）班給するというものであり、儒教的な理想を多分に含んでいた。
The system was designed such that the sovereign would directly allot land to his people (peasants) without any intervention by powerful regional clans, the intermediate rulers between the sovereign and the people; in this, the system came very close to the Confucian ideal.

特に長英は投獄後に脱獄し、逃亡の果てに捕り方によって殺害され、三英は逮捕をおそれて自殺、崋山は禁固（蟄居）後に自ら切腹するという悲劇的な最期を遂げる。
Especially, Choei broke out of prison after he was imprisoned and then was killed after escaping by the capturers, Sanei committed suicide for fear of being arrested, and Kazan met his tragic end by committing suicide by disembowelment after he was sentenced to imprisonment (being confined to his house).

ただ、頼朝は西国の御家人についてはこれを動員することに消極的であり、重源は御家人に対しては、高綱など、自ら協力を申し出てくれる有志に頼むしかなかった。
However, Yoritomo was unwilling to call out vassals in the western provinces so that Chogen had to depend on the vassals who voluntarily offered their assistance, including Takatsuna.

自らの政治的影響力を保持したいと考えた将軍徳川慶喜はこれを受け入れ、10月13日在京の諸藩士を二条城に招集し、大政奉還を諮問した（翌日、朝廷へ奏上）。
Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, a shogun who wished to continue to hold his political clout, accepted this theory and convened feudal retainers of local domains living in Kyoto to Nijo-jo Castle on October 13 to consult Taisei Hokan (which was reported to the Emperor next day).

そのため、日々起こり来る現実が不愉快の連続であり、「不可説」と「言語道断」の連発は自らの価値観が時代にそぐわないことを告白するものであったとしている。
That is why he was always uncomfortable with the actual incidents taking place every day, and using the expressions '不可説' and '言語道断' repeatedly was a confession of his unsuitableness for the time.

さらに、私家集『拾塵和歌集』を編纂、自作の歌1100余首を残すとともに、准勅撰連歌集『新撰菟玖波集』も後援し、そのなかには自らの歌も多く撰ばれている。
Furthermore, he edited a private waka collection, the 'Shujin Waka-shu', and not only left 1100 of his own poems but also supported 'Shinsen Tsukuba-shu', a quasi imperial anthology of waka poetry, for which many of his own poems were selected.

小牧・長久手の戦いでは、わずか500名の軍勢を率いて秀吉自ら率いる8万の大軍と対峙し、秀吉の家臣、加藤清正・福島正則らが忠勝を討ち取るべしと進言した。
At the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute when Tadakatsu led a mere 500 soldiers to confront a force of 80,000 led by Hideyoshi, vassals Kiyomasa KATO and Masanori FUKUSHIMA advised killing Tadakatsu.

公家文化に精通し、都を逃れた公家達を保護、さらには自らも公家のようにお歯黒をつけ、置眉、薄化粧をしていた事から、貴族趣味に溺れた人物とされる事もある。
In addition to the argument that Yoshimoto lost himself in his aristocratic tastes based on his familiarity with court culture and his protection from exile from the capital by court nobles, his teeth were dyed black like a court noble and he wore light makeup with okimayu (painted eyebrows on his brow).

1337年（延元2年 / 建武4年）に後醍醐天皇により自ら彫刻の正成像が祀られたのが起源であり、後に後村上天皇より「南木（なぎ）明神」の神号を受けた。
This originates from the fact that a statue of Masashige carved by Emperor Godaigo himself was enshrined there in 1337, and later, Emperor Gomurakami gave the shrine the name 'the deity of Nagijinja Shrine'.

つまり自らが在地している令制国の介・権介・掾に任命してもらう事で在庁官人としての地位を手にし、支配権を朝廷の権威に裏打ちしてもらうと言う利点があった。
In other words, there was the following merit in assuming the post: A person at the obanyaku post could be assigned to the post of suke (provisional governor), gon-no-suke (provisional vice governor) or jo (secretary of provincial offices) in his original province, gaining a position in the imperial court and having his control right backed by the authority of the imperial court.

主に戦国時代 (日本)から江戸時代初期にかけて、琉球（沖縄県）と蝦夷地（北海道）の大半を除く日本全土を自らの支配下に置き、日本全土を統一した者を指す。
It refers to the people who unified and controlled the whole of Japan, except Ryukyu (Okinawa prefecture) and most areas of Ezochi (Hokkaido), from the Sengoku period to the early Edo period.

ああ、このような事を行う者どもをさばきながら、しかも自ら同じことを行う人よ。あなたは、神のさばきをのがれうると思うのか。 (ローマ人への手紙 2:3)
Do you think this, O man who judges those who practice such things, and do the same, that you will escape the judgment of God? (Romans 2:3)

わたしは、すべての人に対して自由であるが、できるだけ多くの人を得るために、自ら進んですべての人の奴隷になった。 (コリント人への第一の手紙 9:19)
For though I was free from all, I brought myself under bondage to all, that I might gain the more. (1 Corinthians 9:19)

非難のない健全な言葉を用いなさい。そうすれば、反対者も、わたしたちについてなんの悪口も言えなくなり、自ら恥じいるであろう。 (テトスヘの手紙 2:8)
and soundness of speech that can't be condemned; that he who opposes you may be ashamed, having no evil thing to say about us. (Titus 2:8)

評価は、イーター機構の記録に基づき行う。運営評価人は、評価を行うために自らが適当と認める人員との十分な接触並びに帳簿及び記録の十分な利用が認められる。
The assessment shall be based on records of the ITER Organization. The Management Assessor shall be granted full access to personnel, books and records as he/she may deem appropriate for this purpose.

純資産額規制比率が百四十パーセントを下回った場合（次号に掲げる場合を除く。）　純資産額規制比率の状況を維持するために自らとるべき具体的措置に関する計画書
in the case where the Net Assets Regulation Ratio is below 140 percent (excluding the case set forth in the following item):　a plan pertaining to specific measures to be taken by the Futures Commission Merchant in order to improve the status of the Net Assets Regulation Ratio;

しかし、防御能力強化工事中の永禄8年（1565年）、松永久秀と三好三人衆に襲撃され、自ら刀を執って奮戦するも義輝は殺害され二条城は焼失した（永禄の変）。
However, during the construction to improve its defensive capabilities it was attacked by Hisahide MATSUNAGA and the Miyoshi Sanninshu in 1565 and Nijo-jo Castle burned down; even though Yoshiteru himself took up his sword and fought he was killed (Eiroku Disturbance).

叡尊は荒廃した既存仏教に対する批判から律宗の覚盛とともにこれまで国家が定めた手続きによる方法しか認められていなかった授戒を自らの手で行った（自誓授戒）。
Eison implemented Jukai (handing down the precepts), a procedure which was limited to what had been defined by the state, by himself with Kakujo in the Risshu sect because he criticized the degraded existing Buddhism (vow by oneself and Jukai).

自らの芸を以って生活する芸妓は、明治以降一種のあこがれの存在としてとらえられることも多く、雑誌で人気投票が行われたり、絵葉書が好評を博したこともあった。
Since the Meiji Period, geigi who support themselves with their arts have often been perceived as a sort of dream girls and there have been occasions when some magazines conducted popularity contests or postcards featuring some popular geigi were well received.

大名家における茶道の常として上田家においても家元自ら門下を指導することはなく、野村家と中村家より茶道預師範として禄100石を与えて茶道の役を務めさせた。
The Ueda family did not directly instruct tea ceremony to the disciples as is the case with daimyo (Japanese territorial lord), and had the Nomura family and tne Nakamura family work as the entrusted instructors giving a stipend of 100 koku.

明暦元年（1655年）宗旦の推挙で三河国三河吉田藩の小笠原忠知に仕えた折りに、宗旦は利休以来の不審庵、自らの隠居の今日庵の庵号を用いることを許している。
In 1655, at Sotan's recommendation, Sohen YAMADA went to serve Tadatomo OGASAWARA of the Mikawa Yoshida Domain in Mikawa Province and Sotan allowed him to use the names Fushinan, which had been handed down since Rikyu's time, and Konnichian, the name of Sotan's tea house built for his retirement.

真里谷信保は古河公方足利政氏の子・足利義明が家督争いの末に出奔するとこれを迎え入れて「小弓公方」と名乗らせ、自らは「房総管領」を名乗ったと言われている。
It is said that Nobuyasu Mariya sheltered Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, a son of Kogakubo Masauji ASHIKAGA, when he came to Kazusa after being defeated in the strife of succession and got Yoshiaki to call himself 'Koyumikubo' while calling himself 'Boso kanrei.'

天文 (元号)年間に鵯尾城が築城され、国信の嫡男武田高信が入ると弟の武田又三郎に鵯尾城を任せ、自らは鳥取城に入り守護山名豊数に対抗する様な姿勢を見せる。
When Hiyodorio-jo Castle was constructed during the Tenmon era, Takanobu TAKEDA, the first son of Kuninobu, left Hiyodorio-jo Castle to his younger brother Matasaburo TAKEDA, entered Tottori-jo Castle and adopted a posture to confront shugo Toyokazu YAMANA.

さらにこの頃から十河一存や三好義賢、長慶の嫡男三好義興など有力な一族が相次いで死亡し、果ては最後まで長慶を支えた弟安宅冬康を自らの手で暗殺するに至った。
Furthermore, roughly from that time on, influential members of the family including Kazumasa SOGO, Yoshikata MIYOSHI and Yoshioki MIYOSHI, eldest son and prospective heir of Nagayoshi, died one after another and, in the end, Nagayoshi even assassinated for himself Fuyuyasu ATAGI, his younger brother who had supported Nagayoshi the entire time.

朝廷の側に立ち、反乱側に立った自らと同じ原初の武士達を倒して同乱の鎮圧に勲功のあった者の家系は、承平天慶勲功者、すなわち正当なる武芸の家系と認識された。
Warriors who took the side of the Court and fought against those in the same social class in order to suppress the war, were recognized as performing a deed of valor and thus were also considered as being a proper warrior line.

「追捕官符」に基づき、一国棟梁たる軍事貴族らは家人である武士団（田堵負名層（在地領主層））を率いて謀叛や蜂起を鎮圧すると、軍事貴族自らも恩賞を獲得した。
Suppressing revolts and rebellions by leading their private warrior bands (whose constituents were the Tato fumyo class who were also local lords) under 'tsuibu kanpu,' the military nobles earned rewards.

給田の経営は、はじめ自らの下人・所従らを駆使して行なわれていたが、時代が下るにつれ、荘園内の名主・百姓らへ請作に出して行なわれていったと考えられている。
The management of shoen was first done using their own servants and followers, but as the ages went on, leasing out to the village headman and farmers within the shoen became the practice.

また、朝鮮半島の史書『三国史記』「新羅本紀」文武王十年（670年）12月条には、「倭国、号を日本に更む。自ら言う、日出づるに近きを以て名を為す」とある。
In the clause of December, 670 of Shilla Hongi (History of Shilla), 'Samguk Sagi' (History of the Three Kingdoms), a history book of Korean Peninsula, there is a description that says 'Wakoku was renamed Nippon because the land is close to the place where the sun rises.'

これが刺激となって、朝鮮を華夷秩序内にとどめようとする清朝と、条約体制の中に引き込み、その上で自らの勢力下に置こうとする日本の間に確執が生じたのである。
This resulted in a feud between the Qing dynasty, which wanted Korea to remain in Kaichitsujo and Japan, which wanted Korea to join in treaty system and take control of Korea later.

戦後間もない昭和25年ごろ、丹後の寒村・樽泊の木樵の娘・夕子は、貧しい父、肺病の母と三人の妹のために京西陣の色町・五番町夕霧楼に自ら売られて遊女となる。
The story was set in around 1950, shortly after the end of the World War II, when Yuko, the daughter of a wood cutter in Tarudomari (樽泊), a poor village in Tango, was voluntarily sold to a red-light district Goban-cho Yugiri-ro in Nishijin, Kyoto to be a prostitute to support her poor father, mother with lung disease, and three younger sisters.

1280年（弘安3）伏見天皇の東宮時代から、1292年（正応5）に自らの病が重くなったことで里下がりするまでの13年に渡る宮廷生活の思い出を記したもの。
It describes her recollections about her courtly life over a period of 13 years, beginning with 1280 when the emperor was still crown prince and ending in 1292 when she retired due to her severe illness.

管領として幕政を牛耳り京兆家の全盛期を築くが、3人の養子を迎えたことで家督争いを引き起こし、自らもその争いに巻き込まれて家臣に暗殺された（永正の錯乱）。
As Kanrei, he dominated the shogunate government and led the Keicho branch of the family to its heyday, but his adoption of the three children triggered fights over the headship of the family, and after getting involved in the struggle, he was assassinated by a retainer (known as the Eisho Disturbance).

乱後は美濃に亡命し、甥の義尚と兄の義政の死後、子の義材を第10代将軍に擁立して自らは大御所（後見人）として幕政を牛耳ったが、兄の死から1年後に死去した。
Upon the end of the war he fled to Mino, and after the death of his nephew Yoshihisa and his older brother Yoshimasa he backed his son Yoshiki as the tenth shogun and controlled shogunal politics as the doyen (guardian) until his death, which came a year after that of his brother.

こうした基煕の関東接近を憎んだ霊元上皇は、下御霊神社に呪詛の願文を自ら認め（霊元院宸筆御祈願文）、その中で基煕を「私曲邪佞の悪臣」と悪し様に罵っている。
The Retired Emperor Reigen, who disliked Motohiro associating himself closely with the Kanto region, personally sought a prayer of curse ('Reigen Shinpitsu Gokiganmon') at Shimogoryo-jinja Shrine, and in it denounced Motohiro as 'Shinkyokujanei no akushin' (Bad retainer who acts for his own benefit and with insincerity).

その反面、信長のように身分や序列を無視した徹底的な能力主義をとることはなく、秀吉のように自らのカリスマ性や金、領地を餌に釣って家臣を増やす事もなかった。
On the other hand, he did not employ complete meritocracy as Nobunaga did, where social statuses and social orders were ignored, nor did he increase his retainers as Hideyoshi did, based on his own charisma, or by using money or a territory as a lure.

まず1については、将軍就任後間もない延宝9年2月、桂昌院のために催した能で、自ら「船弁慶」、「猩々 (能)」を舞うなど、早い時期から見られる傾向である。
Regarding the first point, this was a tendency that can be seen early on in his reign, for example, in March 1681, not long after his inauguration as shogun, Tsunayoshi performed 'Funabenkei' and 'Shojo' in the Noh held for Keishoin.

その場には熊谷直家が在り、政光が直家は何者かを質問すると、頼朝は直家を無双の勇士と評し、それが直家には郎従が少く源平合戦では自ら戦った事によると応えた。
Naoie KUMAGAI was there with Yoritomo, so that Masamitsu asked Yoritomo who he was, and Yoritomo answered that he was one of the bravest warriors in this country because he himself fought in the Genpei War as he had few vassals.

明治20年から21年にかけて欧米の経済機関視察に加わった脩造は、信用調査機関の必要性を再認識し、明治24年、大阪に商業興信所を設立して自ら総長となった。
Shuzo, who attended to inspect the economic institutions in Europe and the U.S. from 1887 to 1888 reaffirmed the importance of the credit research company and established the commercial agency in Osaka to become its representative.

有無之助は、生麦事件など攘夷派の動きに触発され自らも攘夷を行うべく同志を募り始めるが幕府の知るところとなり、捕り手を逃れるため江戸を脱して京都へと移る。
Umunosuke was stimulated by the movement of Joi ha (an exclusionist) such as the Namamugi Incident, and recruited comrades to perform the exclusion of foreigners himself, but was discovered by the bakufu that he had escaped from Edo and so he moved to Kyoto in order to flee from his captors.

保安元年(1120年)藤原忠実が関白を辞した際には忠実の叔父藤原家忠の後継就任案を退けるなど、自らの官職を越えて重要な政策の決定に関わることが多かった。
He was often involved in important decision making that exceeded jurisdiction of his official post as seen in the case in which, when FUJIWARA no Tadazane resigned from Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) in 1120, he rejected the proposal to appoint Tadazane's uncle, FUJIWARA no Ietada as the successor.

このとき、江戸で将軍の留守政権の首脳として活動していた正邦は、自らの藩が自らの決定無くして幕府に反旗を翻すという事態に遭遇、結局淀へ退去することとなる。
At that time, Masakuni, who has been working in Edo as the leader of government where the Shogun was absent, faced a situation where his domain rebelled against the bakufu without his decision and finally he left to Yodo.

永禄11年（1568年）7月、15代将軍足利義昭が自らの将軍職就任に功のあった織田信長に対して副将軍か管領職への就任を要請したという記録が残されている。
On August, 1568, there is a written record that the fifteenth shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA asked Nobunaga ODA, who performed great deeds for Yoshiaki's assumption of the post of shogun, to serve as vice shogun or administrative post.

わたしは自ら省みて、なんらやましいことはないが、それで義とされているわけではない。わたしをさばくかたは、主である。 (コリント人への第一の手紙 4:4)
For I know nothing against myself. Yet I am not justified by this, but he who judges me is the Lord. (1 Corinthians 4:4)

使徒、殉教者、懺悔者、修道女、そのほかすべてのキリストの足跡に自ら従った人たち ―― 彼らが苦しんだ試練は、どれだけ多く、過酷なものだったことでしょう。
2. O how many and grievous tribulations did the Apostles, Martyrs, Confessors, Virgins, endure; and all others who would walk in the footsteps of Christ.

ローマ教会の下で権威を受けていたが、自らの儀式形式、習慣、教会法を保持する、かつての東方教会または正教会の、または、かつての東方教会または正教会に関する
of or relating to former Eastern Christian or Orthodox churches that have been received under the jurisdiction of the Church of Rome but retain their own rituals and practices and canon law

法務大臣が前項の規定により電子公告調査の業務の全部又は一部を自ら行う場合における電子公告調査の業務の引継ぎその他の必要な事項については、法務省令で定める。
The succession of the business of Electronic Public Notice Investigation and any other necessary matters in cases where the Minister of Justice himself/herself carries out all or part of the business of Electronic Public Notice Investigation pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be prescribed by the applicable Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice.

ほとんど本能ばかりで生きており、人間に使役されほとんどなされるがままという点は自らの力で仏の教えを得ることの出来ない状態であり、救いの少ない世界とされる。
As oxen and horses live almost solely with instinct and are forced to work by human beings, they are unable to attain Buddha's teaching by themselves and in this sense, this world is believed to be of less relief.

「格物」の「格」についても「手格猛獣」（手もて猛獣を格（ただ）す）の「格」と解釈して自らの体で動くことを重視し、実践にもとづく後天的な人格陶冶を主張した。
Regarding 'kaku' of Kakubutsu,' he interpreted it as 'fight' as in 'fighting a beast with one's hands,' placing value on making movements on one's own, and advocated a learned character building based on practice.

天皇即位のため越前を離れることになると、この地を案じて自らの御生霊を足羽神社に鎮めて御子の馬来田皇女（うまくだのひめみこ）を斎主としてあとを託したという。
Concerned about the region before leaving Echizen Province in order to accede to the throne, he appeased his vengeful spirit in Asuwa-jinja Shrine and left it to the care of one of his children, Princess Umakuda no Himemiko who served as the priestess of the shrine.

ただし、自らを蝦夷の子孫と伝承してきたことは確かであり、「朝敵」の子孫であるとする系図を伝えてきたことが、北奥地方に独特の系譜認識を示すものとされている。
However, it is certain that the Ando clan itself handed down this tradition that they were Emishi's descendent, and the fact that they themselves handed down the genealogical record that they were the descendent of 'Emperor's enemy,' shows a unique recognition on the genealogy in the northern Ou region.

このことは滝川総長自らがかつての主張を覆し教授会の人事権を否定したものとされ、戦後の滝川に反動的な人物とのイメージを付け加えることになったという者もいる。
This led to an impression of Takigawa as a reactionary person in the post-war years because he was viewed as reversing his previous opinion of the board of professors having the right of deciding on personnel matters.

こうした篤農家には歴史的百姓層が自らさまざまな生業を兼ね、またモノカルチャー化を避けて多様な農作物を栽培したことの復権にアイデンティティーをおく者もいる。
Some of these practical farmers find their identity in revival of the fact that people of the historical hyakusho class engaged in various vocations and grew various crops to avoid monoculture.

天正13年（1585年）、秀吉は前年・前々年の戦いで常に自らの背後を脅かした紀伊国の諸勢力（紀州攻め）、四国の長宗我部元親（四国平定）を相次いで攻略した。
In 1585, Hideyoshi attacked and captured several forces in Kii Province (attack on Kishu) and Motochika CHOSOKABE in the Shikoku region (subjugation of Shikoku); they had threatened Hideyoshi behind his back over the last two years.

将軍が諸大名に対して強大な権力を誇示したように、藩内においては藩主自らを頂点とした体制を固めさせられることになったのである（「藩体制の成立」と呼ばれる）。
Just as the Shogun had enourmous authority over the territorial lords, the lords of the domains were required to establish the system with themselves ruling at the top (called 'the establishment of the Domain System').

このうち忠正は甥の清盛が助命してくれることを期待していたが、清盛は自分が伯父を斬れば、義朝も父を斬らざるをえなくなるだろうと陰謀をはたらかせて自ら斬った。
Tadamasa expects his nephew Kiyomori will save him, but Kiyomori kills his uncle, thinking if he kills his uncle, Yoshitomo also has to kill his father.

自作『源氏物語』に対しての世人の評判や、宮中の同僚であった和泉式部・赤染衛門、ライバル清少納言らの人物評や自らの人生観について述べた消息文などもみられる。
It contains gossips about 'The Tale of Genji,' private letters in which she described her view of life, and comments about her colleagues at the Imperial Court such as Izumi Shikibu, Akazome Emon and her rival, Seisho Nagon.

家康は武田氏の遺臣・岡部正綱や依田信蕃、甲斐国の辺境武士団である武川衆らを先鋒とし、自らも8,000人の軍勢を率いて、甲斐国に攻め入った（天正壬午の乱）。
Then, with Masatsuna OKABE and Nobushige YODA, both surviving retainers of the Takeda clan, and Mukawa-shu, a group of samurai in a marginal area in Kai Province as spearheads, Ieyasu himself invaded Kai Province, leading an army of 8,000 (Tenshojingo no ran (Tenshojingo Rebellion)).

この一喝にあってそれっきり寄り付かぬ者、敵になった者もあるが元来親切から出ているので、一喝にあっても怯まず、自ら偽らず自信のある者は後に出世した者が多い。
This bark kept some people away from him since then or made other people turn into his enemy, but many who were not daunted, or who were honest and confident, succeeded in their later career, because actually he barked out due to his kindness.

天文23年（1554年）、家臣の北条高広（きたじょうたかひろ）が武田と通じて謀反を起こしたが、天文24年（1555年）には自らが出陣してこれを鎮圧した。
Although Takahiro KITAJO, Kagetora's vassal, trafficked with the Takeda clan and initiated a rebellion in 1554, Kagetora himself departed for the front and suppressed the rebellion in 1555.

伊那谷出身の医師であり、自らも年少時に井月を見知っていた下島勲（俳号：空谷）は、井月作品の収集を思い立ち、伊那谷に居住していた実弟の下島五老に調査を依頼。
Isao SHIMOJIMA (another name as a poet was Kukoku), who was a doctor from Inadani and knew Seigetsu during his boyhood, came up with the idea of collecting Seigetsu's work and asked his real brother Goro SHIMOJIMA, who lived in Inadani, to research it.

仁和2年（886年）、16歳で元服する時平に対して、光孝天皇は宮中でも最も重要な仁寿殿で式を執り行わせ、自ら加冠の役を果たし、この少年に正五位下を授ける。
Tokihira turned 16 in 886, and Emperor Koko personally participated in the boy's coming of age ceremony at the Jijuden, awarding him Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).

天照大神を高天原の最高神であるとし、またその子孫であると主張することによって自らの王権を権威付けたい天皇、ひいては朝廷にとって、これはいかにも都合が悪い。
This is indeed inconvenient for the Emperors and therefore the Imperial Court, who want to authorize their own crown by regarding Amaterasu Omikami as the top god of Takamanohara and claiming themselves as its descendants.

領家は次第に、国衙領を私領化するようになった国司と対立するようになり、自らの荘園をさらに権門勢家や大寺院に寄進し、保護を求める代わりに一定の税収を納めた。
Ryoke became increasingly more opposed to kokushi (provincial governors) who privatized Kokugaryo, and donated their manors to kenmon seika (powerful houses and influential families) or large temples to seek protection while paying regular tax yields in return.

何人も、次条に規定する場合を除くほか、労働者供給事業を行い、又はその労働者供給事業を行う者から供給される労働者を自らの指揮命令の下に労働させてはならない。
No person shall carry out a labor supply business or have workers supplied by a person who carries out a labor supply business work under his/her own directions or orders, except in cases provided for in the following Article.

群集が匿名となり、そのために責任の所在がわからなくなれば、群集を構成する個人は自らの行動に対する責任をとり、行動を制御する感覚が全く無くなってしまうのだ。
He will be the less disposed to check himself from the consideration that, a crowd being anonymous, and in consequence irresponsible, the sentiment of responsibility which always controls individuals disappears entirely.

よい政府を支持する者として、われわれはプログラムを機密にしたいからといって、官僚がそれについて証言するときに自らを欺くようなことは正当化されないと考える。
As advocates of good government, we do not see that classifying a program is any justification for an official to perjure themselves when testifying about it.

法令の規定により災害に関する予報若しくは警報の通知を受けたとき、自ら災害に関する予報若しくは警報を知つたとき、法令の規定により自ら災害に関する警報をしたとき
When a prefectural governor has, pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations, received notice of a forecast or an alarm with regard to a disaster, has become aware of a forecast or an alarm with regard to a disaster him/herself, or has, pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations, issued an alarm with regard to a disaster him/herself,

このことにより、各寺院は布教の機会と必要を同時に無くし、自らの檀家の葬儀や法事を営み定期的に収入を得るばかりの、変化のない生活に安住するようになっていった。
As a result, each temple lost the opportunities and necessity of propagation at the same time and gradually became content with the uneventful life just holding funerals and memorial services for the danka and gaining the regular income.

近代建築のフィルターをとおして日本の伝統的空間対する理解を深めていったモダニストたちは外部空間の重要性に気付き、これを自らの空間表現の遡上に載せたのである。
In this way, modernists who deepen their understanding of traditional space in Japan through the filter of modern day construction, were aware of the importance of external space and took up the matter for discussion.

これは、今川氏は既に室町幕府の権威によって領国を統治する守護大名ではなく、自らの実力によって領国を統治する戦国大名であることを明確に宣言したものでもあった。
This was also clear declaration by the Imagawa clan that he was no longer the shugo daimyo who ruled his territory backed by the authority of the Muromachi bakufu, but the Sengoku daimyo who ruled his own territory with his own capability.

1880年2月に伊藤博文の提案で参議と卿の分離が実施され、大隈は同郷の佐野常民を後任として自らを「会計部分掌」（財政担当）参議とすることでこれを受け入れた。
In February 1880, the posts of Councilor and Minister were separated at the proposal of Ito, which Okuma showed his approval by appointing Tsunetami SANO as his successor and assigning himself to 'Kaikeibu Bunsho (a officer of accounting section)' (administrator of fiscal policy).

直政は家臣に非常に厳しく、少しでも戦で失敗をした者がいれば容赦せず処罰し、一軍の将となっても自ら先陣に立って戦うことを好むなど激烈な性格で、短所も多かった。
He was so strict with his vassals that he relentlessly punished those who had made even a slight mistake in battle as well as being fond of leading battles from the front, and had many other character defects.

晩年には学者として著作に専念し、『難太平記』は古典『太平記』を難ずる意味の歴史書で、応永の乱における自らの立場や、太平記に記されない一族の功績を記している。
In the last years, he concentrated on writing as a scholar; the history book named 'Nan-Tahiheiki' was meant to criticize the 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace), so he wrote about his position during the Oei War and great achievements made by the Imagawa clan which were not written in the 'Taiheiki.'

実頼は関白ながら外戚ではなく、自らの日記で何かと軽んじられ、外戚伯父にあたる師輔の子たちが跳梁していることを嘆き「揚名関白（名ばかりの関白）」と称している。
Although appointed Kanpaku, Saneyori was no maternal relative of the Emperor; he wrote in his diary that he was frequently taken light of, lamented that Morosuke's children, who were the maternal uncles of the Emperor, acted dominantly, and called himself 'yomei kanpaku' (nominal Kanpaku).

一方で『雨月物語』撮影中には、会心の演技を見せた森雅之が「誰かタバコをください」と言った時に、自ら率先してタバコを差し出し、火を点けて労ったという話もある。
During the filming of 'Ugetsu Monogatari,' on the other hand, Mizoguchi is said to have shown his appreciation by being the first to offer and light a cigarette when Masayuki MORI delivered a superb performance and asked 'Would anybody give me a cigarette?'

昭和35年（1960年）、『学生野郎と娘たち』の次に撮った『地図のない町』は橋本忍に納得の行くまで脚本の書き直しを依頼し石原裕次郎主演作として自ら企画した。
'Chizu no nai Machi' (A town without a map), shot in 1960 after 'Gakuseiyaro to Musumetachi,' was drawn up by himself as a project where Shinobu HASHIMOTO wrote the best possible scenario and Yujiro ISHIHARA played the lead.

しかし細川は義士達が細川邸に入った後、すぐさま自ら出てきて大石達と会見したのに対して、水野は幕府をはばかってか、21日になってようやく義士達と会見している。
However, while Hosokawa met Oishi and other royal retainers right after they came to the Hosokawa residence, Mizuno met the royal retainers on February 6 at last, perhaps so as not to draw the attention of the bakufu.

ここには非常に厳格な能力主義（いちばんすぐれた職人性が勝つ）があって、そして品質は自ら語るべきだ（いや、語らなくてはいけない）という倫理が強く存在している。
There's a very strict meritocracy (the best craftsmanship wins) and there's a strong ethos that quality should (indeed must) be left to speak for itself.

差押債権者が不動産の買受人になることができる場合　申出額に達する買受けの申出がないときは、自ら申出額で不動産を買い受ける旨の申出及び申出額に相当する保証の提供
Cases where the obligee effecting a seizure is able to purchase the real property:　Making of an offer to the effect that the obligee effecting a seizure shall purchase the real property at the obligee's offered price if there is no purchase offer that reaches the obligee's offered price, and provision of a guarantee equivalent to the obligee's offered price

第二十四条の四十八第一項の規定により講習事務の全部若しくは一部を自ら行うこととするとき、又は自ら行つていた講習事務の全部若しくは一部を行わないこととするとき。
When the Prime Minister intends to conduct Training Affairs by himself/herself in whole or in part under Article 24-48, paragraph (1) or when he/she has decided not to conduct the Training Affairs which he/she had been conducting in whole or in part.

前条第一項の規定により経済産業大臣が試験事務の全部若しくは一部を自ら行うこととするとき、又は自ら行つていた試験事務の全部若しくは一部を行わないこととするとき。
Where the Minister administers the whole or part of the examination affairs him/herself pursuant to paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, or ceases to administer the whole or part of the examination affairs that he/she has administered him/herself.

第八十八条の規定により経済産業大臣が試験事務の全部若しくは一部を自ら行うものとするとき、又は自ら行つていた試験事務の全部若しくは一部を行わないこととするとき。
Where the Minister administers the whole or a part of the Examination Affairs him/herself pursuant to Article 88, or ceases to administer the whole or a part of the Examination Affairs that he/she has administered him/herself.

大日如来が一切義成就菩薩(いっさいぎじょうじゅぼさつ)(釈尊(しゃくそん))の問いに対して、自らの悟りの内容を明かし、それを得るための実践法が主となっている。
The main part of it is about Dainichi Nyorai telling Issaigijoju Bosatsu (Shakyamuni) about his enlightenment against the question asked to him, and the way to practice in order to earn that enlightenment.

親鸞が法然から直接教え受けていた頃、「善信が信心も、聖人の御信心もひとつなり」（自らの信心と法然の信心は一つである）と言い、それに対し他の門弟が異義を唱えた。
When Shinran was learning directly from Honen, he said that his faith and Honen's faith were the same, then other disciples blamed him.

明確な基準がないために、現在では、料亭という言葉の高級感や響きの良さから、通常の日本料理店が自ら「料亭」と名乗る例が非常に多いが、それらは本来の料亭ではない。
Since there is no clear criteria, many Japanese restaurants nowadays claim themselves to be 'Ryotei' because the term 'Ryotei' looks luxurious and sounds good, however, they are not really 'Ryotei.'

自らの意思により島に残った俊寛だったが、物語をそこで終わらせることなく、船が出発するや一転して泣き叫ぶ俊寛の弱さと未練をも描いた近松の筆が高く評価されている。
CHIKAMATSU had a good reputation for this play, in which the weakness and lingering affection of Shunkan, who remained in the island on his own will, but suddenly, he started to scream as soon as the boat departed, was depicted, without ending the story at the time Shunkan decided to remain in the island.

後に持明院基家の娘持明院陳子（後の北白河院）を妃にして持明院家ゆかりの持明院を御所としていたが、自らの不遇を嘆いて建暦2年（1213年）3月に出家してしまう。
Later on, Prince Morisada had Motoie JIMYOIN's daughter, Chinshi (also pronounced Nobuko) JIMYOIN (later called Kitashirakawain) as his Empress and he lived in the Jimyoin Imperial Palace which was related to the Jimyoin family, however he deplored his misfortune and entered into the priesthood in April and May 1213.

寛平8年（896年）宇多天皇の時、自らが建立した東光寺の座主善祐と密通したという疑いをかけられ皇太后を廃されたが、没後の天慶6年（943年）に復位されている。
She was under suspicion of having an affair with zasu (temple's head priest), Zenyu of Toko-ji Temple which she ordered to be built during Emperor Uda's era and she lost her position as Empress Dowager in 896, however she took back her position again in 943.

松島では原典通り東から「松島、天橋立、厳島」、厳島では西から「厳島、天橋立、松島」、天橋立では「天橋立、松島、厳島」と、それぞれ自らを三景の筆頭に置いている。
Own spot is placed at the top like 'Matsushima, Amanohashidate and Itsukushima' in Matsushima which follows the order from east as described in original literature in Matsushima, 'Itsukushima, Amanohashidate and Matsushima' in Itsukushima, which follows the order from the west, and 'Amanohashidate, Matsushima and Itsukushima' in Amanohashidate.

武士はやがて荘園を蚕食していき、自らの土地支配を保証する実効力を持った有力な上層武士に、年貢に代わって軍役を負担することでその支配を確立していくようになった。
After a while, samurai began encroaching the manors and gradually established contrrol over the manors by paying an influential higher ranking samurai, who was able to warrant the samurai the control over the land, in a military service instead of land tax.

10月17日_(旧暦)、土佐坊ら六十余騎が京の義経邸を襲った（堀川夜討）が、自ら門戸を飛び出してきて応戦する義経に行家が加わり、合戦は襲撃側の敗北に終わった。
On October 17 (old lunar calendar), Tosanobo and more than 60 warriors on horseback attacked the residence of Yoshitsune (Horikawa Night Raid) in Kyoto, however, Yukiie joined the fight when he saw that Yoshitsune himself was fighting back outside the gate of his residence, and finally they defeated the assailants.

また、仏教（特に浄土教）に対して信仰心が厚く、最期は自らが建てた法成寺阿弥陀堂本尊前で大勢の僧侶に囲まれ極楽浄土を祈願する儀式の中で臨終の時を迎えたとされる。
Also, he had a deep faith in Buddhism (Pure Land teaching in particular), and it is said that at his last moment he passed away in the middle of a ritual to pray for the Pure Land surrounded by many monks in front of the principal image of Hojo-ji Temple's Amitabha hall that he built himself.

享禄元年(1528年）、再び経久は自ら備後へと赴き多賀山氏の蔀山城攻めこれを陥落させるも、同年5月には石見国尼子方の高橋氏が毛利・和智氏により滅ぼされている。
In 1528, Tsunehisa led his forces again up to Bingo Province and made Shitomiyama Castle of the Tagayama clan surrender, while the Takahashi clan on the Iwami-Amago side fell to the Mori and Wachi clans.

一方、秀武は自らと同じく日ごろから真衡に不満を持っていた真衡の異母弟の家衡・異父異母弟（家衡の母の連れ子）の清衡に挙兵を促して、真衡の背後を突かせようとした。
On the other hand, Hidetake attempted to attack Sanehira from behind by urging troops to be raised byIehira, younger paternal brother of Sanehira and Kiyohira, younger stepbrother (a child by a previous marriage of Iehira's mother) of Sanehira, who had always been displeased with Sanehira as Hidetake himself had.

知らせを受け、みねを引き取りに来た兄・辰次郎は松本市で入院する事を勧めたが、自らの死を既に悟ったのであろうか、みねは故郷の飛騨へ帰りたいと兄の提案を拒否した。
Receiving the news, Mine's elder brother Tasujiro came to pick her up and suggested her to stay in a hospital in Matsumoto City, however, Mine probably knew her death was close and refused her brother's proposal and decided to go back to her hometown, Hida.

伴存は、自らのフィールドワークと古今の文献渉猟を駆使して、25部以上・約290巻にも及ぶ多数の著作を著したが、その業績の本質は本草学と言うよりも博物学である。
Tomoari authored so many writings as more than 25 books, about 290 volumes by fully taking advantage of his own field works and of extensively reading old and contemporary literature, but the essence of his accomplishments is natural history rather than herbalism.

実際の死後に行われた本葬では寺中を桜の造花で飾りつけ、生前のあだ名が「お骨の生焼け」であったことから、自らの頭蓋骨をガラス箱に入れて参列者に見物させたりした。
In the formal funeral held after he actually died, the whole temple was decorated with artificial cherry blossoms and he had his own skull put into a glass box to show to people who attend the funeral because his nickname during his lifetime was 'half-roasted bone'.

また、篤胤は独自の宗教観に基づき、当時としては珍しく仏教・儒教・道教・蘭学・キリスト教など、さまざまな宗教教義なども進んで研究分析し八家の学と自ら称していた。
Furthermore, based on his own sense of religion, Atsutane willingly practiced research and analysis of various religious doctrines, including Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Christianity and the study of Western sciences, which was unusual for the time, and named his study Hakke.

さて、監督は、非難のない人で、ひとりの妻の夫であり、自らを制し、慎み深く、礼儀正しく、旅人をもてなし、よく教えることができ、 (テモテヘの第一の手紙 3:2)
The overseer therefore must be without reproach, the husband of one wife, temperate, sensible, modest, hospitable, good at teaching; (1 Timothy 3:2)

不貞のやからよ。世を友とするのは、神への敵対であることを、知らないか。おおよそ世の友となろうと思う者は、自らを神の敵とするのである。 (ヤコブの手紙 4:4)
You adulterers and adulteresses, don't you know that friendship with the world is enmity with God? Whoever therefore wants to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God. (James 4:4)

裁判長は、法第二百二条（尋問の順序）第一項及び第二項の規定によるほか、必要があると認めるときは、いつでも、自ら証人を尋問し、又は当事者の尋問を許すことができる。
The presiding judge may examine a witness by himself/herself or allow examination by a party not only under the provisions of paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of Article 202 (Order of Examination) of the Code, but whenever he/she finds it to be necessary.

受遺者が遺贈の放棄をしたときは、負担の利益を受けるべき者は、自ら受遺者となることができる。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
If a testamentary donee has renounced a testamentary gift with burden, the person who would have received gain from the discharge of burden may become a testamentary donee him/herself; provided that if the testator has indicated a particular intent in his/her will, that intent shall be complied with.

前項の陳述及び尋問は、当事者又は訴訟代理人が自らしたものとみなす。ただし、当事者又は訴訟代理人が同項の陳述を直ちに取り消し、又は更正したときは、この限りでない。
The statement and examination specified in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to be made by the party concerned or said party's counsel; provided, however, that this shall not apply to cases where the said party concerned or said party's counsel immediately revokes or corrects such statement.

自ら年一百五十歳なりとて諸国を歴渉し、遍く周らざる靡（な）く、而して此の寺精麗にして閻浮所（諸仏の国）にも無い也、極物・境界にも亦（ま）た未だ有らざると云えり。
Mizukara toshi hyakugojussai nari tote shokoku wo rekishoshi, amaneku mawarazarunaku, shikashite kono tera seirei ni shite kakufusho (land of deities) nimo nainari, gokubutsu/kyokai nimo mata imada arazaru to ieri.

なお、酒造家という表現には、杜氏だけでなく、単なるビジネスライクな生産者に留まらないで、自らの酒造りを一つの理念や思想にまで昇華させているような蔵元も含まれる。
In addition, the expression of 'shuzo-ka' refers to not only toji but also some breweries who do not just produce sake on the business level but elevate sake brewing to their own belief or philosophy.

歌舞伎雑誌『演劇界 (雑誌)』2007年1月号でのインタビューでは、自らの競馬歴は長く、幼少時に父・五代目福助に連れられて根岸競馬場に行ったのが最初だと語った。
In an interview in the January 2007 issue of Kabuki magazine 'Engeki-kai' he explained that he had been visiting race tracks for a long time and that his first experience was at Negishi racetrack when he was taken there by his father, Fukusuke V, as a child.

狐は咄嗟に藪の中に逃げ込んだが、慌てたために井戸に落ち、命を落としてしまった（別説では猟師に鉄砲で撃たれた、または自ら死期を悟って別れの茶会を開いたともいう）。
The fox escaped instantaneously into the bush, but it was too frantic to see the destination and so fell into a well to death (according to other theories, the fox was shot by a hunter with a gun or held the farewell tea ceremony by predicting his own death).

1958年「東京フォトスクール」を創立、1960年東京綜合写真専門学校と名称を変えて発展させ、自らの写真美学や批評精神を展開しつつ、写真家の育成に情熱を注いだ。
Having established 'Tokyo Photo School' in 1958 and renamed it Tokyo College of Photography in 1960 for further development, he devoted himself to training photographers while he developed his own photographic aesthetics and critical spirit.

文化庁長官は、重要無形民俗文化財以外の無形の民俗文化財のうち特に必要のあるものを選択して、自らその記録を作成し、保存し、又は公開することができるものとしている。
The director-general of the Agency for Cultural Affairs may select especially needed properties among immaterial folk cultural properties except important intangible folk cultural properties, and may produce records, store or exhibit them.

兼通は、弟兼家に一時期廟堂の席次を先んじられたことを深く恨みに思い、自らが関白内大臣になった際、兼家を大納言に据えおき、従兄弟にあたる藤原頼忠を相談相手とした。
Kanemichi beard a bitter grudge against his younger brother Kaneie because he once was taken an upper order of precedence in the Court, and when he became a Kanpaku naidaijin (Chancellor Minister of the Center), he left Kaneie at a position of Dainagon as it was and trusted his cousin FUJIWARA no Yoritada as an advisor.

また信長は、時の正親町天皇とは当初協調路線をとっていたが、しだいに自らを神格化するような行動を取り、さらには朝廷が決定する暦の制定にまで口をはさむようになった。
Also initially, Nobunaga had been taking a cooperative policy with the Emperor at the time, Emperor Ogimachi, but as time went on, he started to act as if he was deified, even interfering with the establishment of the calendar which was set by the Imperial Count.

忠盛は他の院近臣受領と同じく院への経済奉仕に励む一方で、荘園の預所・受領・追討使の地位を利用して在地勢力を自らの私兵に編成するなど、武士団の増強も怠らなかった。
As with other In no Kinshin (the retired Emperor's courtier) and Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors), Masamori worked for the In's financial gain but also did not forget to strengthen the bushi group by using his positions as the Azukaridokoro of shoen, Zuryo, and Tsuitoshi to organize local forces into his private troops.

そればかりか、長禄3年（1459年）に伊勢神宮再建を名目に幕府自らが関を設置され、続いて文明_(日本)10年（1478年）には内裏再建を名目に再度関を設置した。
Furthermore, the bakufu itself set up a checkpoint in 1459 for the purpose of funding the reconstruction of Ise Jingu Shrine, and then in 1478, again set up checkpoints for the purpose of funding the reconstruction of the Imperial Palace.

つまり織田家はすでに信長の直接指揮から外れているため、信長自らが巨大な兵力をもつことは組織としての弊害が大きいといえる（信忠が大兵力をもつのであれば問題ない）。
In other words, the Oda clan was already not under Nobunaga's direct control, therefore, if Nobunaga himself had a huge military force, it would have had a harmful influence on the organization (It was acceptable that Nobutada had a large military force).

この結果に激怒した信長は勝手に軍を動かした信雄に激怒し絶縁すると脅して諫める一方、2年後の天正9年（1581年）には自らおよそ4万の兵を率いて伊賀に攻め込んだ。
Nobunaga who was furious at this outcome raged at Nobuo who had moved army without permission and admonished him suggesting breakup of their relationship, but after two years, in 1581, he invaded into Iga Province himself leading about 40,000 soldiers.

生きた「人間の展示」とは、観覧者たちが自らとは異なる生活様式を「実際」に見ることによって、差異を「発見」し、それを「劣等性」と読み替え確認する仕組みなのである。
This means that 'human exhibition' is a way where viewers see the 'real' lifestyles that are different from theirs to 'discover' the differences between them, and to interpret it as 'inferiority'.

また、草間直方や石田敬起（大根屋小右衛門）のように藩政改革に助言を行って藩財政の再建に協力することで、自らの持つ債権の踏み倒しを回避しようとする商人も存在した。
There were merchants such as Naokata KUSAMA and Takaoki ISHITA (Shoemon ONEYA) tried to avoid their bonds repudiated by cooperating for reconstruction of the finance of domains by advising for the reformation of a domain's governance.

著書には自らの詩、散文を集めた『菅家文草』全12巻（昌泰3年、900年）、大宰府での作品を集めた『菅家後集』（延喜3年、903年頃）、編著に『類聚国史』がある。
His literary works are 'Kanke Bunso,' a collection of prose poems in a total of 12 volumes (900), 'Kanke Koshu,' a collection of literary works created while he was at Dazaifu (c. 903), and 'Ruiju Kokushi,' which Michizane wrote and edited.

また、春日局との対立から、「自ら養育した（これはあり得ない。実際には忠長も乳母が養育した）」三男・忠長を溺愛し二男・家光を疎み廃嫡を企てる悪女のイメージも強い。
Further, because of confrontation with Kasuga no tsubone, Sugen-in has a strong image of a wicked woman who doted on her third son Tadanaga that 'she brought up by herself (it was impossible, in fact, Tadanaga was also raised by a nanny)', disfavored her second son Iemitu and plotted to disinherit him.

さらに有力貴族・寺社などの権勢家（権門）が、自らの経済基盤を強化するため、墾田永年私財法による規制面積以上に土地を開発し、百姓層の生活を圧迫する状況が見られた。
In addition, influential families such as dominant nobility, temples and shrines tended to develop more land over the regulation of Konden einen shizai Law (a law allowing farmers who cleared new lands to own them permanently) in order to strengthen their economic bases, and press farmers' lives.

関ヶ原の戦い本戦においては、最初は西軍有利に進み、左近も自ら陣頭に立ち奮戦するが黒田長政の鉄砲隊に横合いから銃撃され負傷、一時撤退する（この時、死亡したとも）。
In the final battle of the Battle of Sekigahara, the 'western' army was the first to gain an advantage and Sakon took the lead and fought bravely, but he was shot from the flank by Nagamasa KURODA's firearm unit and made a temporary retreat (it is also said that he died at this time).

伝承によれば、これは地蔵菩薩と同じく、自ら人間界に下りて衆生を救済して行脚する姿を表したものとされ、他の宗派（真言宗他派も含む）には見られない独特の形式である。
According to the legend, this signifies that Kannon, like Jizo, will come down to the world of mortals and walk around giving salvation to all living things and is a unique style which is not seen in other sects (including other schools of Shingon Buddhism).

乱を起こした大海人皇子（後の天武天皇）は、自ら行動を起こす前の6月22日に使者を出し、安八間郡（後の安八郡）の湯沐令の多品治に兵を挙げて不破道を塞ぐよう命じた。
Oama no miko (later, Emperor Tenmu), who was to open the war, sent a messenger on June 22, before went into the action by himself, to OO no Honji, the Yunonagashi, in Ahachima no Kori (later, Anpachi Gun) to order him to raise the army and block the Fuwa no Michi.

平安時代以降、国司自ら着任することなく国府の政務を代行を遙任された遙任という制度が確立し、遙任をした国司より国府に目代という地位が置かれることが一般的となった。
After the Heian period, yonin system (remote appointments), which kokushi did not reside in his appointed province but his deputy attended the governance of the province on his behalf, was established, and it became popular for kokushi who adopted this system to set up the deputy post called mokudai (deputy kokushi) in kokufu (provincial office).

法に定める厚生労働大臣の権限のうち、次の各号に掲げる権限は、当該各号に定める都道府県労働局長に委任する。ただし、厚生労働大臣が自らその権限を行うことを妨げない。
Among the authorities of the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare provided by the Act, the authorities listed in each of the following items shall be delegated to the director of the Prefectural Labor Bureau specified in each such item; provided, however, that such delegation shall not preclude the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare from exercising its own authorities.

しかし、幸運によってではなく自らの才能で君主に成り上った人たちに関するなら、モーゼ、キュロス、ロムルス、テーセウスといった人たちがその最も優れた実例と言えます。
But to come to those who, by their own ability and not through fortune, have risen to be princes, I say that Moses, Cyrus, Romulus, Theseus, and such like are the most excellent examples.

入国警備官は、臨検、捜索又は押収をしたときは、これらに関する調書を作成し、立会人に閲覧させ、又は読み聞かせて、署名をさせ、且つ、自らこれに署名しなければならない。
An immigration control officer shall, in the event that he/she has conducted an inspection, search or seizure, prepare a record thereof and have the person required to be present inspect it, or read it aloud to the person and have him/her sign it, and affix his/her own signature thereto.

経済産業大臣が前項の規定により安全管理審査の業務の全部又は一部を自ら行う場合における安全管理審査の業務の引継ぎその他の必要な事項については、経済産業省令で定める。
The transfer of the services for Safety Management Examinations and other necessary matters, in the case where the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry performs the whole or a part of the services for Safety Management Examinations him/herself pursuant to the preceding paragraph, shall be specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

このときの縄張（基本設計）は秀忠自らが藤堂高虎と共に行った（秀忠は2つの案から一方を最終選定しただけだが、将軍自らの縄張りであると高虎に持ち上げられたのだった）。
Hidetada himself worked on the basic designs, together with Takatora TODO (although Hidetada only made the final decision on one of the two proposed designs Takatora touted as the Shogun's own design).

親鸞の教えを継ぐ者には自らの教義こそ浄土への往生の真の教えとの思いはあったが、浄土真宗と名乗ることは浄土宗の否定とも取られかねないため、当時はただ真宗と名乗った。
Though the successors of the teachings of Shinran had the feeling that their own doctrine was the true teaching for going to Jodo, they named themselves just Shinshu at that time because naming themselves Jodo Shinshu could be interpreted as denial of Jodo Shu.

鎌倉時代後半から南北朝時代にかけて、天皇の存在が互いに不可欠であった摂関家と寺院勢力は、自らの存続をかけて共同で即位儀礼の中に即位灌頂を持ち込んだものと見られる。
It seems that in the late Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Sekkan-ke and temples for both of whom existence of the emperor was indispensable, brought jointly sokuikanjo into the enthronement ceremony for their own survival.

鳥や獣の飢を救うため、自分の死後に自らの死骸を埋葬することを禁じて道ばたに放置させ、それが腐乱してウジがわき、白骨化していく過程を絵師に描かせたという伝説がある。
There is a legend that she left a will forbidding the burial of her body after her death, the body was left on the street for the birds and animals to eat to prevent them from starvation, then a painter was ordered to paint the picture of how maggots decomposed the body and nearly turned into a skeleton.

強力な権限を獲得した国司は、国内に自らの行政権をあまねく及ぼすため、行政機能の強化を目的として、国衙に政所（公文所）・田所・税所・検非違使所などの機関を設置した。
Kokushi who were given great authority established, with the aim of demonstrating their executive power and strengthening administrative function, various organs at kokuga (provincial government offices), including mandokoro (administrative board), kumonjo (administration office), tadokoro, zeidokoro (tax office) and kebiishi dokoro (police and judicial office) etc.

今回の襲撃は法皇自らが戦意を持って兵を集め、義仲もまた法皇を攻撃対象とし、院を守護する官軍が武士により完膚なきまでに叩き潰されたと言う点でかつてないものであった。
The attack this time was unprecedented in that the cloistered emperor with a will to fight gathered soldiers himself while Yoshinaka made the cloistered emperor the target of attack, and that the Imperial army guarding the cloistered emperor was knocked to smithereens.

すなわち、農民自らが地押丈量を行い、面積・収量を算出し、地方庁は地方官心得書の検査例に基づいて点検し、これを経て地方庁が地券（改正地券）を発行するかたちをとった。
That is, the government adopted the method in which farmers to measure the plots of their land themselves, calculate their yield, and submit the results to local tax officials and the local officials were to examine the reports based on the previous examples described in the instruction book and upon the completion of this inspection, the local office was to issue the new land certificate.

自らの存在を否定することになる日本国憲法の審議では、下手に否決して天皇制廃止論を連合国に持ち出される事態を恐れたため、次善の策として消極的な賛成論が大勢を占めた。
At the discussion on the Constitution of Japan, which eventually meant the loss of their existence, Kizokuin were worried that the Allies might promote abolishing the Emperor system and to counter this, most of the councilors reluctantly agreed with the Constitution.

このとき、義隆も隆房らの謀反を恐れて、自ら甲冑を着けて居館に立て籠もり、さらに隆房に詰問使を送るなどしたことから、義隆と隆房の仲は最悪の事態を迎えることとなった。
At that time, Yoshitaka also barricaded himself in his residence with kacchu (armor) on by himself because of the fear of rebellion by Takafusa, and moreover sent questioners to Takafusa, that made the relationship of Yoshitaka and Takafusa worst.

また、親による悔返は自由であったとは言え、後日の紛糾を避けるために予め所領の分与を定めた際に作成する譲状や処分状に悔返の要件を定めて自ら制約しようとした例もある。
Although Kuikaeshi by parents did not have any restrictions, to prevent complications afterward, there were cases to include the conditions for Kuikaeshi in the letter of transfer or disposition which was created when the share of the property was decided.

法皇は自ら義仲に刀を下賜して出陣を促し、やむなく義仲は腹心の樋口兼光を京都に残して後白河法皇を牽制しながら、9月20日に平氏追討のために播磨国へ向かって出陣した。
The Monk-Emperor urged Yoshinaka to mobilize his army by giving him a sword personally so that Yoshinaka could not disobey; he left his right hand-man Kanemitsu HIGUCHI in Kyoto in order to keep an eye on Monk-Emperor Go-Shirakawa and set off to Harima Province on September 20th in order to search and destroy the Heishi clan.

しかし松平武元が死去すると次第に幕政を老中に任命した田沼意次に任せ、自らは好きな将棋などの趣味に没頭することが多くなり、結局祖父・吉宗の期待には応えられなかった。
After the death of Takechika MATSUDAIRA, however, he wound up gradually leaving the Bakufu affairs to Okitsugu TANUMA, who was appointed as Roju, and increasingly indulging himself in pleasure like Shogi (a Japanese board game resembling chess) and so on, which means that he ran counter to his grandfather Yoshimune's expectations after all.

この巻では藤原信頼と源義朝が挙兵し、天皇及び後白河天皇を幽閉し、自らを官軍として政敵藤原信西・平清盛の打倒を目論んだが、熊野詣をしていた清盛が密かに帝と院を救出。
In this tome FUJIWARA no Nobuyori and Minamoto no Yoshitomo raise armies, confine the emperor, Emperor Goshirakawa, personally use the imperial forces intending to overthrow their political foes FUJIWARA no Shinzei and TAIRA no Kiyomori, but, Kiyomori, who was on a trip to Kumano, secretly rescued the emperor and empress.

当寺の創建について、聖徳太子を開基とする伝承もあるが、これは太子が物部守屋討伐の戦勝祈願をした際に、自ら四天王の像を刻んだという伝承に因んだ後世の付託と思われる。
As for foundation of this temple, there is a lore that Prince Shotoku was the founder, but it is probably a subjoinder associated with the lore that Prince Shotoku himself carved statues of four guardian kings when he prayed for victory against MONONOBE no Moriya.

平安時代には新嘗祭および天皇の代始めの新嘗祭である大嘗祭と、六月十二月の神今食(これらはいずれも天皇が自ら祭祀を行う「親祭」)に供奉する貴族以下の官人が使用した。
In the Heian period, it was worn by the government officials ranked lower than the nobles when they attended the Niiname-sai festival (ceremonial offering by the Emperor of newly-harvested rice to the deities) and Daijo-sai festival, which are one of the Niiname-sai festivals to celebrate the succession of an emperor, and jingonjiki ritual held in June and December (the both festivals are 'Shinsai festival,' which means a Saishi (religious services) hosted by the Emperor).

上記神殿造営に関して福羽美静が唱えているように、新時代の祭政一致は天皇親祭とされ、すなわち、神祇の祭祀は官に任せるのではなく、天皇自らが行なうことが理想とされた。
As advocated by Bisei FUKUBA concerning the construction of the shrine described above, it was said that the emperor himself had to conduct religious services for the unity of religion and state in the new era and that it was ideal that the emperor himself, and not officers in charge of Jingi, did religious services concerning Jingi.

自らの部下たる御中臈が夜伽の相手に選ばれ懐妊し、更にはその子が将軍世嗣となり、後々その世嗣が将軍宣下を受けた場合、その御年寄は大奥内で大きな力を持つことが出来た。
When an Ochuro, a subordinate of an Otoshiyori, was selected for yotogi, became pregnant, and the son became the heir to the shogun and was proclaimed Shogun later, the Otoshiyori could become quite powerful in O-oku.

まず孝明天皇の典侍として宮中で１、２の権力を誇っていた典侍広橋静子と典侍高野房子を「其の権勢自ら後宮を圧し、皇后の懿旨と雖も行わざること往々あり」として罷免した。
Fist, Naishi no suke Shizuko HIROHASHI and Naishi no suke Fusako TAKANO, who had the biggest power in the imperial court as the Naishi no suke of the Emperor Komei, were dismissed from their positions because 'they overwhelmed the kokyu (empress's residence) by their power and didn't frequently obey even the order of the empress.'

第一項第十三号に規定する料率表は、港務局が自ら定めた料金の外、第四十五条の料金で港務局に報告され、又は港務局に知れているものに関する事項を包含しなければならない。
The tariff set forth in paragraph (1) item (xiii) shall include the rates provided for in Article 45 which have been reported to the port authority or have been made known to the port authority, in addition to the rates determined by the port authority itself.

第二十五条第一項の規定による給与を受ける委員が、営利を目的とする団体の役員となり、又は自ら営利事業に従事したときは、六箇月以下の懲役又は三万円以下の罰金に処する。
Any member of the board of directors, who, while being remunerated pursuant to the provisions of Article 25 paragraph (1), becomes an officer of a commercial organization or undertakes a profit-making enterprise, shall be liable to imprisonment with work of not more than six months or a fine of not more than 30,000 yen.

父なる神のみまえに清く汚れのない信心とは、困っている孤児や、やもめを見舞い、自らは世の汚れに染まずに、身を清く保つことにほかならない。 (ヤコブの手紙 1:27)
Pure religion and undefiled before our God and Father is this: to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep oneself unstained by the world. (James 1:27)

しかし、この人々は自分が知りもしないことをそしり、また、分別のない動物のように、ただ本能的な知識にあやまられて、自らの滅亡を招いている。 (ユダの手紙 1:10)
But these speak evil of whatever things they don't know. What they understand naturally, like the creatures without reason, they are destroyed in these things. (June 1:10)

また、御座から大きな声が叫ぶのを聞いた、「見よ、神の幕屋が人と共にあり、神が人と共に住み、人は神の民となり、神自ら人と共にいまして、 (ヨハネの黙示録 21:3)
I heard a loud voice out of heaven saying, 'Behold, God's dwelling is with people, and he will dwell with them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them as their God. (Revelation 21:3)

気象庁は、前二項の予報及び警報をする場合は、自ら予報事項及び警報事項の周知の措置を執る外、報道機関の協力を求めて、これを公衆に周知させるように努めなければならない。
The Japan Meteorological Agency shall, when giving the forecasts and warnings set forth in the preceding two paragraphs, not only independently take measures to publicize the forecast matters and warning matters but also endeavor to make them publicly known by seeking cooperation from the mass media.

第三十条の二第一項に規定する法人の社員又は使用人である場合に、その法人が受任している事件（当該弁護士が自ら関与しているものに限る。）の相手方からの依頼による他の事件
Cases requested by the other party to a case to which a juridical person as set forth in Article 30-2, paragraph (1), of which he/she is a member or an employee, has already undertaken (limited to cases in which he/she was personally involved in).

1365年（貞治4年/正平 (日本)20年）関白二条良基に招かれ、翌1366年（貞治5年・正平21年）上洛して「万葉集」を講じて自ら著した「詞林采葉抄」を献上した。
In 1365, he was invited by Kanpaku (chief advisor for the emperor) Yoshimoto NIJO and in the following year travelled to Kyoto year where he lectured on the 'Manyoshu' and authored 'Shirin Saiyo-sho' (Commentary of Leaves from a Forest of Words).

そもそも、初期仏教集団である僧伽（さんが）においては仏教の戒律及びこれを元にして自らの集団を規制するために定められた規則が寺院法の本来の姿であったと考えられている。
At first, in the early Buddhist groups called 'sangha,' the precepts of Buddhism and other rules which were set to control its members based on the precepts were believed to be the original Jiin-ho.

たとえば造形を職業とする人のなかでも、他から決められた形を機械的に生産する職人タイプの人から、自らイメージしたコンセプトを具象化していく造形作家タイプの人までいる。
Among creators, for example, some are 'craftsman' type people who mechanically produce things according to given designs, and others are 'plastic artist' type people who embody their own idea in their works.

「二月本」には冒頭に「珠光一紙目録」という資料が掲載され、自らの茶の湯の起源を村田珠光（応永30年・1423年 - 文亀2年・1502年）に遡らせて権威付けている。
Juko Isshi Mokuroku' (Juko's diary about the way to becoming a connoisseur) included at the beginning of the 'February edition' states that his Way of Tea was originated from Juko MURATA (1423 to 1502), thus authorizing his practice.

平安中期ごろ、特に東国の発祥当初の武士層の間で、朝廷との関係において名乗る姓名とは別に、自らの所領（名：みょう）に通称名（字：あざな）を並べる通称が広まっていった。
In the mid-Heian period, besides a full name used at the Imperial Court, the use of a pseudonym containing a domain name (myo) followed by a nickname (azana) became popular especially among early samurai warriors who were originally from the eastern provinces.

このため、朱印地・黒印地からの収益だけで寺社の経営が成り立った例はほとんどなく、多くは自ら開墾した土地、あるいは大名などから寄進された米や金銭で経営を維持していた。
Under such circumstances, it was almost impossible to maintain the management of temples/shrines only by the revenues obtained from Shuinchi/Kokuinchi and many of temples/shrines managed to sustain themselves relying on revenues obtained from the lands reclaimed by themselves or rice/money donated by the daimyo.

この顔ぶれからも推察されるように、この京大人文研の活動範囲は狭義の人文科学から自然科学の領域にまでまたがった学際的なもので、今西は自らの学問領域を自然学とも称した。
As inferable from these members, the activity range of this Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University, is interdisciplinary from narrow cultural science to natural science and IMANISHI also called his own academic field Physica.

この制度を復活させた広田内閣は、腹切り問答によって自らが制定した軍部大臣現役武官制による陸軍大臣と揉めて、議会を解散する要求を拒絶する代わりに総辞職に追い込まれた。
The Hirota Cabinet, which revived this system, had a conflict due to the Harakiri Mondo (the Harakiri questionaires) with the Minister of War over Gunbu Daijin Geneki Bukan sei which he formulated himself, and was driven to resign instead of commanding the assembly to dismiss.

もしこの目的が達成できない状況にあるとき、たとえば官位に就いてもその道がないとき、または道はあっても官位に就けないときは自らの意思で隠逸すべきであると説かれている。
It describes that when one is in the situation in which he can not realize this goal, for example, he has no way even if he takes an official position or he can not take an official position even if he has a way, he should become a recluse of his own will.

慶喜自ら総督府に出頭して謝罪すること、徳川家は徳川家達（徳川慶頼の子）に相続させるが、北国もしくは西国に移して石高は70万石ないし50万石とすることなどを要求した。
Iwakura demanded the following items: that Yoshinobu should present himself before the grand government's general to offer his personal apology; that the Tokugawa family line would be allowed to continue, once Iesato TOKUGAWA (the child of Yoshinori TOKUGAWA) became successor; but the Tokugawa family should be relocated to either the northern or southern provinces; within a territory having a area of between 700,000 koku (with approximately 126 million liters of crop yield) to 500,000 koku (with approximately 90,000,000 liters of crop yield).

だが天正15年（1587年）には秀吉自らが、弟・豊臣秀長と共に20万の大軍を率い、九州に本格的に侵攻し、島津軍を圧倒、島津義久・島津義弘らを降伏させる（九州征伐）。
But in 1587 Hideyoshi himself headed 200,000 troops with his brother Hidenaga TOYOTOMI, invaded Kyusyu seriously with an overpower force on SHIMAZU troops and defeated Yoshihisa SHIMAZU, Yoshihiro SHIMAZU and so on (Conquest of Kyusyu).

延徳2年（1490年）1月7日に兄・義政が病死すると、義視は日野富子と結託して7月5日に子の義材を第10代将軍に擁立し、自らは将軍の父として幕政を牛耳ったのである。
After his older brother Yoshimasa died of a disease on February 5, 1490, Yoshimi supported his son Yoshiki as the tenth shogun on July 31, in collusion with Tomiko HINO, and he himself dominated the shogunal politics as the father of the shogun.

明応5年（1496年）には大友氏の内紛に介入して大友政親を処刑し、自らが擁立する大友大聖院宗心を大友家の後継者にしようとしたが、大友親治の反抗によって失敗している。
He intervened in the internal conflict of the Otomo clan in 1496 to execute Masachika OTOMO, but his attempt to assign Daishoinsoshin OTOMO, whom he supported, as the Otomo clan successor failed in the face of resistance from Chikaharu OTOMO.

そして、みき自ら加持代となり、このとき、「元の神、実の神」と自ら名乗る、親神（おやがみ）・天理王命（てんりおうのみこと）がみきに乗り移り、天啓を受けたとされている。
She volunteered to be his substitute, and this is said to be the moment when she was possessed by and received a revelation from Tenri O no Mikoto, the Oyagami (God the Parent) who calls himself 'God of Origin, God in Truth.'

元和 (日本)2年（1616年）に家康が死去したのちは、将軍親政を開始し酒井忠世、土井利勝らを老中として幕府の中枢を自身の側近で固め、自らリーダーシップを発揮する。
After Ieyasu died in 1616, Hidetada started the direct Shogun's rule filling the key Bakufu positions with his own close aides including Tadayo SAKAI and Toshikatsu DOI appointed as Roju (senior councilor of the Tokugawa Shogunate) and displayed his own leadership.

9月、信長が三好三人衆・石山本願寺討伐のために摂津国に出兵（野田城・福島城の戦い）している隙をついて、義景は自ら出陣し、浅井軍と共同して織田領の近江坂本に侵攻する。
In October, while Nobunaga was dispatching troops to Settsu Province to put down Miyoshi Sanninshu (three chief retainers of the Miyoshi clan) and Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple (the Battle of Noda-jo Castle and Fukushima-jo Castle), Yoshikage departed for the front by himself and invaded Sakamoto in Omi Province in the territory of the Oda clan in cooperation with the Azai army.

幼少期は斜陽の一族に産まれ不遇であったと推測されるが、藤原冬嗣の妻となり、3男1女を儲けると共に、自らの親族関係をももって冬嗣の政界工作に貢献したと考えられている。
Born of an impoverished aristocrat family, it is suspected that Mitsuko had an unhappy childhood, but it is considered that, in addition to becoming the wife of FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu with whom she had three sons and a daughter, she contributed to political maneuvers of Fuyutsugu by using the connection of her own relatives.

法第六十六条の二の厚生労働省令で定める要件は、常時使用され、同条の自ら受けた健康診断を受けた日前六月間を平均して一月当たり四回以上同条の深夜業に従事したこととする。
The requirements prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare set forth in Article 66-2 of the Act shall apply to the worker who is employed as a regular employee, and engage in the midnight work four times or more per month on average during six months prior to the date of voluntary medical examination in the same Article.

この法律において「労働者の募集」とは、労働者を雇用しようとする者が、自ら又は他人に委託して、労働者となろうとする者に対し、その被用者となることを勧誘することをいう。
The term "labor recruitment" as used in this Act means that those who seek to employ workers solicit, either directly or through a third party, those seeking to become workers to become their employees.

主はこれを下し、自ら言われたとおりに行われた。あなたがたが主に対して罪を犯し、み声に従わなかったから、この事があなたがたの上に臨んだのだ。 (エレミヤ書 40:3)
and Yahweh has brought it, and done according as he spoke: because you have sinned against Yahweh, and have not obeyed his voice, therefore this thing has come on you. (Jeremiah 40:3)

とりこになるべき者は、とりこになっていく。つるぎで殺す者は、自らもつるぎで殺されねばならない。ここに、聖徒たちの忍耐と信仰とがある。 (ヨハネの黙示録 13:10)
If anyone is to go into captivity, he will go into captivity. If anyone is to be killed with the sword, he must be killed. {TR reads 'If anyone leads into captivity, into captivity he goes. If anyone will kill with the sword, he must be killed with a sword.' instead of 'If anyone has captivity, he will go into captivity. If anyone is with the sword, he must be killed.'} Here is the endurance and the faith of the saints. (Revelation 13:10)

だったら、『最高の芸術家であり、独創的な理想を持っていたとしても、それは大理石自らが描き出したのだ』とかいたミケランジェロの対句も独創的というわけにはいかなくなる」
Then Michael Angelo was by no means original in his couplet -'Non ha l'ottimo artista alcun concettoChe un marmo solo in se non circunscriva.' '

こうした教唆者は、一方の側、しかも国家が間違っていると信じている側に直接の個人的利害があり、自ら認めるとおり、個人的目的だけのためにそれを促進しようとしているのだ。
―who have a direct personal interest on one side, and that side the one which the State believes to be wrong, and who confessedly promote it for personal objects only.

弁護士及び弁護士法人は、総合法律支援の意義及び自らの職責にかんがみ、基本理念にのっとり、総合法律支援の実施及び体制の整備のために必要な協力をするよう努めるものとする。
Attorneys at law and legal professional corporations shall make efforts to provide necessary cooperation for the implementation of comprehensive legal support and the establishment of systems, by observing the Basic Principles, taking into consideration the significance of comprehensive legal support and their own duties.

差押状若しくは捜索状の執行又は勾引状若しくは勾留状を執行する場合における被告人若しくは被疑者の捜索については、執行又は捜索をする者が、自ら調書を作らなければならない。
With regard to the execution of a seizure warrant or a search warrant or with regard to a search of the accused or of a suspect in the case of executing a bench warrant or a detention warrant, the person carrying out the execution of the warrant or the search shall personally make a record thereof.

家畜防疫員は、第一項ただし書の場合を除き、家畜伝染病のまん延を防止するため緊急の必要があるときは、同項の家畜について、同項の指示に代えて、自らこれを殺すことができる。
Prefectural animal health inspectors may, when urgently necessary for preventing the spread of a domestic animal infectious disease, themselves slaughter the domestic animals in said paragraph instead of giving the instructions in said paragraph, excluding cases in the proviso to paragraph 1.

文部科学大臣が自ら試験事務の全部又は一部を行う場合には、技術士試験委員（次項から第五項までにおいて「試験委員」という。）に、技術士試験の問題の作成及び採点を行わせる。
In cases when the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology conducts whole or part of the examination works by him/herself, he/she shall make the professional engineer examiner (hereinafter referred to as 'examiner' from the next paragraph to paragraph (5)) prepare the examination questions and grade examination papers for the professional engineer examinations.

植物防疫官は、前条第四項の規定に違反して譲渡され、譲渡を委託され、又は移出された指定種苗を所持している者に対して、その廃棄を命じ、又は自らこれを廃棄することができる。
The plant protection officer may order persons who possess Designated Seeds and Seedlings that are assigned, commissioned to assign or transferred in violation of the provision of paragraph 4 of the preceding Article, to dump them or may dump them himself/herself.

そのような事態に直面した場合、教義を持ち出してあえて対立するよりは、「門徒物知らずですから」と自ら認めることによって、穏便にその場を納めて指導には従わないことがある。
In the face of such a situation, some monto disobey such instructions amicably by admitting they are 'monto mono shirazu,' instead of causing confrontation by bringing forward the doctrine.

寺院に依存しない一所不住の諸国遊行や、入寂に際して「一代聖教皆尽きて南無阿弥陀仏に成り果てぬ」と自らの著作を燃やしたという伝記から、その高潔さに惹かれる現代人は多い。
Many modern people are fascinated by his high-mindedness symbolized by his pilgrimages to various provinces without staying in one place to depend on a temple, and his last moments, according to his biography, in which he burned his own writings, saying, 'this is the last moment for the Buddhist sutra which was learned in a single lifetime and there is nothing to remain but the voice of chanting Namu Amidabutsu (a single, sincere call upon the name of Amida).'

槍などの刀以外の武器では、戦場の真っ只中で迅速に首を切り落とすのは、非常に困難であり、合戦では自らの功績を示すものが敵将の首級であった為、重要であったとする説がある。
It was quite difficult to cut off a head quickly in the middle of a battlefield with Yari (spears) or weapons other than swords, and the cut head of the enemy general could show the achievement of a soldier in a battle, so it is said that swords were important.

江戸時代以降には自らの技術は単なる力技ではないという意味などを込めて、柔術、柔道、和、やわらと称する流派が現れ始める（関口新心流、楊心流、起倒流(良移心当流）など）。
From the Edo period, some ryuha (schools) of the martial arts began to call their own techniques jujutsu, judo, or yawara, partly because they wanted to say their techniques were not just forcible ones; the schools were, for example, Sekiguchi Shin Shin-ryu, Yoshin-ryu, and Kito-ryu (also called Ryoishinto-ryu).

そのため、『勧進帳』の「弁慶の主人を思う心に打たれ、自らが罪に問われる可能性を省みず義経一行を通した、情の厚い人物」という富樫像は『安宅』に付加されなかったのである。
Therefore the image of Togashi in 'Kanjincho' as 'a compassionate person who was touched by Benkei's worship for his master and let Yoshitsune and his party pass without regard to the possibility that he would be subject to punishment' was not added to 'Ataka.'

花人 (かじん) とは、職業が「華道家」、「いけばな作家」、「フラワーアーティスト」、「フラワーデザイナー」などが自らを公の場で称する際に、好んで使うことが多い呼称。
Kajin is the name which professionals such as 'flower arrangement experts,' 'Ikebana artists,' 'flower artists' and 'flower designers' prefer to call themselves in public.

乱の終結後、土御門上皇は乱に直接関与していなかったにもかかわらず、父後鳥羽天皇の隠岐国への配流が決定すると自ら望んで土佐国に配流されたが、麗子は同行せず京に留まった。
After the Jokyu Disturbance was over, the Retired Emperor Tsuchimikado decided to willingly be exiled to Tosa Province, even though he was not directly involved in the disturbance, when his father, Emperor Gotoba was determined to be exiled to Oki Province; Reishi remained in Kyoto.

世宗実録で自ら敗戦と明記していることや、『世宗実録』1420年閏1月10日には「時応界都が言うには（曰）」と記録されており、上記の降伏文書にあたるものは見あたらない。
The True Record of King Sejong's Reign expressly states that the invasion ended in military defeat, and it also contains an entry for the tenth day of the intercalary first month of 1420 that says, 'What Shiokatsu had said was indeed spoken;' yet no mention is made of the content of the above-mentioned document of capitulation.

その政治権力を背景として、有力貴族らが縁者や係累を特定の国の受領に任命することが徐々に慣例化していき、現地へ赴任した受領の俸料・得分を自らの経済的収益としたのである。
With their political power as a background, it gradually became a custom that powerful nobles appointed their relatives or dependents to zuryo of specific provinces, and they acquired, as their revenues, the salary and tax gained by the zuryo they sent to the provinces.

この延喜期の既得権剥奪によって経済基盤を失おうとしている瀬戸内沿岸の衛府舎人らは、自らの権益を主張し続けていたが、承平期に至ってついに海賊行為を展開することとなった。
Facing the loss of their economic basis due to the deprivation of the vested rights in the Engi era, the Efutoneri along the Seto Inland Sea continued claiming their rights, and entering the Johei era, took the action of piracy.

戦国時代_(日本)には戦国大名が自らの輸送・通信手段を確保するために、輸送業者に対して伝馬や小荷駄などの義務を課して、それと引換に駄賃馬稼の許可を与えるようになった。
During the Sengoku period (period of Warring States), in order to secure their own means of transportation and communication, Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) imposed duties such as posts and provisions on carriers in exchange for permission to use Dachin-uma kasegi.

たとえば、倭屯倉は、垂仁朝や景行朝に大王自らが設置したと『記・紀』に伝えられているもので、その地は現在の奈良県磯城郡三宅町の地を中心とした一帯であると推定されている。
For example, the 'Kiki' says the great kings of Suinin and Keiko dynasties were personally involved in the process of establishing Yamato miyake in the area believed to be the surrounding area of today's Miyake-cho, Shiki-gun, Nara Prefecture.

この時代、世間からは、「ておのゝおとする所」（『大鏡』）と呼ばれたり、寺側もこれを受けて「東大寺の斧音絶えざる由、世を以つて伝へ申すところなり」と自らを表現している。
During this project, the world called Todai-ji Temple 'the place where the sound of chopping wood was produced all the time' ('Okagami' [The Great Mirror]), and the temple also expressed itself by saying that 'the world considers the sound of chopping wood will never stop at Todai-ji Temple' in response to this.

重源は、十代前半に醍醐寺で出家し、藤原師行の後援のもと、入南宋三度を自ら誇った経験豊かな漂白の聖であり、それまでも、高野新別所（専修往生院）を結んだことでも知られる。
Known as the founder of the new branch temple in Koya (Senshu Ojo-in Temple), Chogen was an experienced priest walking around the provinces, who entered the priesthood in his early teens and was proud of three visits to the Southern Sung Dynasty with support from FUJIWARA no Moroyuki.

西園寺は立命館大学に寄贈した扁額に「藤原公望」と西園寺家の本姓の藤原姓で名前を記したように、自らが千年以上皇室とともにあった藤原氏の末裔であるという自覚を持っていた。
On the decorative frame he donated to Ritsumeikan University, he wrote his name as 'Fujiwara no Kinmochi' using the surname Fujiwara, which makes it clear that he was well-aware of being a descendant of the Fujiwara clan that existed with the Imperial family for well over one thousand years.

義朝は自らの戦功に代えて、為義と弟たちの助命を願うが許されず、7月30日 (旧暦)に源義朝によって斬首された（場所は、『兵範記』では船岡、『保元物語』では七条朱雀）。
In spite of Yoshitomo's plea for the life of Tameyoshi and his younger brothers for their distinguished war services, they were not pardoned and on August 24, they were beheaded by Yoshitomo, either in Funaoka, according to 'Heihanki' (TAIRA no Nobunori's diary), or in Shichijo-Suzaku, according to 'Hogen Monogatari' (Tales of the Hogen War).

直冬と少弐氏との同調を受けて、幕府では尊氏自ら直冬のいる九州に出兵しようとするが、その最中に直義が京を脱出し、支持勢力を集めて南朝に帰順して挙兵したために中止される。
Reacting to the alliance between Tadafuyu and the Shoni clan, Takauji, who was on the side of the bakufu, had decided to march on Tadafuyu in Kyushu, himself at the head of the troops; however, in the midst of the preparations, Tadayoshi absconded from the capital (Kyoto), gathered supporters and joined forces with the Southern Court to raise an army, whereupon Takauji cancelled the planned attack.

しかし家康は別働隊の動きを察知し、逆に自ら羽柴別働隊に奇襲をかけて殲滅し、豊臣秀次を敗走させ、恒興、長可、池田元助（恒興の嫡男）らを討ち取った（小牧・長久手の戦い）。
However, Ieyasu detected the movement of Hidetsugu's military troops, and raided and annihilated the troops by himself, making Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI take to flight and killing Tsuneoki, Nagayoshi, and Motosuke IKEDA (the heir of Tsuneoki) (Battle of Komaki-Nagakute).

伊藤博文は徳大寺実則あての書簡で井上を「忠実無二の者」と評し、宮中保守派との対決のために自ら宮内卿を兼ねた際にも自分の側近から井上だけを図書頭として宮内省入りさせる。
Hirobumi ITO described Inoue as 'the most loyal person I've ever known' in a letter to Sanetsune TOKUDAIJI, and when Ito himself was doubled as the Minister of the Sovereign's Household to confront the conservatives in the imperial court, Ito had only Inoue from the close aides join the Imperial Household Ministry as the Chief Librarian.

しかも、新管領・晴元は自らの保身に余念無く、それまで晴元軍の中核であった最有力被官・三好氏の弱体化を図り、和泉国の顕本寺 (堺市)を敵対宗派の一向一揆に襲わせている。
Moreover, new Kanrei Yoshimoto was absorbed in self-protection, and he made Ikko Ikki (an uprising of Ikko sect followers) of rival religion attack Kenpon-ji Temple in Izumi Province with an attempt to debilitate the Miyoshi clan which was the strongest hikan (low-level bureaucrat) of Harumoto's army.

自らを毘沙門天の化身と称したり天罰と信じて戦を行う、短気であるなど、奇抜で苛烈な一面がある一方で、よく涙を流す、戦国大名らしからぬほど非常に繊細な面もあったとされる。
He was unconventional and strange in some aspects like identifying himself as an incarnation of Bishamonten, fighting for divine justice, being impatient and short tempered and so on, while in other aspects he was striking and harsh, he was unlike a warring lord as he was too delicate and often shedded tears.

時忠の意図は、高倉没後に避けられなくなる後白河の政治力増大を食い止めると同時に、徳子の経済基盤を強化することで間接的に自らの発言力を保持することにあったと推測される。
It is inferred that Tokitada's intention was to prevent an increase in Goshirakawa's political influence that would become inevitable after Takakura's death and, at the same time, to indirectly maintain his own influence by consolidating an economic foundation of Tokuko.

だが、永禄8年（1565年）、松永久秀と三好三人衆が二条御所の足利義輝の二条御所を襲撃した際に義輝は自刃、慶寿院も自ら火中に身を投じて自害をしたのである（永禄の変）。
In 1565, however, when Hisahide MATSUNAGA and miyoshi sanninshu (three chief retainers of the Miyoshi clan) attacked Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA at Nijo-gosho Palace, Yoshiteru committed jijin (suicide with one's sword) and Keijuin burned herself to death (Eiroku Incident).

荘園支配の内部に目を向けると、武士による侵略を防ぐために本所は荘園支配の強化に乗り出していたが、在地で荘園支配の実務にあたる荘官は自らの経営権を確立しようとしていた。
Focusing internally on manor governance, while honjo strengthened their control on the manor to prevent invasions by samurai, shokan who were in charge of the practical business of manor governance, were working to establish their own management authority.

それらの例として自らが陣頭指揮を執って刀伊の入寇を撃退した藤原隆家や、大宰府を制圧した藤原純友に対抗した橘公頼、白河法皇の院政時代に活躍した大江匡房等が挙げられよう。
Examples of that kind of Dazai Gonnosochi includes FUJIWARA no Takaie who successfully commanded the army to repulse the pirates that tried to invade the northern Kyushu, TACHIBANA no Kimiyori who fought against FUJIWARA no Sumitomo when Sumitomo conquered Dazaifu, and OE no Masafusa who was active during the reign of the cloistered Emperor Shirakawa Hoo.

都道府県労働局長が前項の規定により製造時等検査の業務の全部又は一部を自ら行う場合における製造時等検査の業務の引継ぎその他の必要な事項については、厚生労働省令で定める。
Transfer of the inspection and other necessary matters, in the case of the Director of the Prefectural Labor Bureau carrying out the whole or a part of manufacturing inspection, etc. services, pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, shall be provided for by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

各自は惜しむ心からでなく、また、しいられてでもなく、自ら心で決めたとおりにすべきである。神は喜んで施す人を愛して下さるのである。 (コリント人への第二の手紙 9:7)
Let each man give according as he has determined in his heart; not grudgingly, or under compulsion; for God loves a cheerful giver. (2 Corinthians 9:7)

シーシアスは偉大なる君主であり、慈悲深い人であったけれども、自らの国の法律を変える権限を持っていなかったので、ハーミアに４日間の猶予期間を与えることしかできなかった。
Theseus, though a great and merciful prince, had no power to alter the laws of his country; therefore he could only give Hermia four days to consider of it:

裁判所は、第一項の規定による額を定める処分に対する異議の申立てを理由があると認める場合において、訴訟費用の負担の額を定めるべきときは、自らその額を定めなければならない。
Where the court finds that an objection to the disposition to fix the amount under the provision of paragraph (1) is well-grounded, if the amount of court costs to be borne is to be fixed, it shall fix such amount itself.

国土交通大臣が、前項の規定により建築物調査講習の業務の全部又は一部を自ら行う場合における建築物調査講習の業務の引継ぎその他の必要な事項については、国土交通省令で定める。
The transfer of the building investigation training services and other necessary matters, in the cases where the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism administers the whole or part of the building investigation training services him/herself pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, shall be specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

前条第一項の規定により建築物調査講習の業務の全部若しくは一部を自ら行うこととするとき、又は自ら行つていた建築物調査講習の業務の全部若しくは一部を行わないこととするとき。
Where the Minister administers the whole of part of the building investigation training services him/herself pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, or ceases to administer the whole or part of the building investigation training services that he/she has administered him/herself.

第三十七条第一項の規定により経済産業大臣が検査の業務の全部若しくは一部を自ら行うものとするとき、又は自ら行つていた検査の業務の全部若しくは一部を行わないこととするとき。
Where the Minister performs the whole or a part of the services for Inspections him/herself pursuant to Article 37, paragraph 1, or ceases to perform the whole or a part of the services for Inspections that he/she has performed him/herself.

家畜防疫員は、家畜伝染病のまん延を防止するため必要があるときは、第一項の施設（同項ただし書の施設を除く。）について、同項の指示に代えて、自らこれを消毒することができる。
Prefectural animal health inspectors may themselves disinfect the facilities in paragraph 1 (excluding the facilities in the proviso to said paragraph) instead of giving the instructions in said paragraph, when necessary for preventing the spread of a domestic animal infectious disease.

前項の訴えにおいては、都道府県（漁業法第百三十六条の規定により農林水産大臣が自ら都道府県知事の権限を行う場合にあっては、国。第十三条第三項において同じ。）を被告とする。
In an action under the preceding paragraph, the prefecture concerned (or the nation in a case where the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries exercises the authority of the Governor concerned pursuant to the provisions of Article 136 of the Fishery Act; the same shall apply in paragraph (3) of Article 13) shall be the defendant.

だが、文明7年（1475年）、加賀国門徒と守護富樫政親の対立が深刻化すると、順如自らが吉崎に乗り込み、下間蓮崇の反対を押しのけて蓮如と家族を連れて河内国へと連れ出した。
However, in 1475 when the conflict between the believers of Kaga Province and the shugo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) Masachika TOGASHI became serious, Junnyo went to Yoshizaki and took Rennyo and his family out to Kawachi Province, although Renso SHIMOTSUMA was opposed to it.

幇間（ほうかん、または、たいこ、とも読む。）は、宴席やお座敷などの酒席において主や客の機嫌をとり、自ら芸を見せ、さらに芸者・舞妓を助けて場を盛り上げる男性の職業をいう。
Hokan (also called Taiko) is a profession of a man who indulges hosts and guests at a drinking party such as a banquet or ozashiki (banquets in which guests are attended by geisha), does performances himself, and helps geisha (Japanese professional female entertainers at drinking party) and maiko (apprentice geisha) to set the groove.

新田義貞の没後、新田義興、脇屋義治軍総勢6,000騎が松田城、河村城や西丹沢の諸城に移り、これを足利尊氏自ら大軍を率いて攻め込んできたので、足柄の地は一大戦場と化した。
After Yoshisada NITTA died, a total of 6,000 troopers of the army of Yoshioki NITTA and Yoshiharu WAKIYA moved to castles in Nishi Tanzawa including Matsuda-jo Castle and Kawamura-jo Castle, and Takauji ASHIKAGA himself attacked them with a large force, which made Ashigara a major battlefield.

フロイス「日本史」によると、信長は天正7年5月11日に安土城で自らを神とする儀式を行い、総見寺で信長の誕生日を祝祭日と定め、参詣する者には現世利益がかなうとしたという。
According to 'Historia de Iapan' by Frois, Nobunaga held a ceremony on June 15, 1579, in the Azuchi-jo Castle to make himself a god and decided in the Soken-ji Temple to make his birthday a holiday and told that those who visit and worship would have benefit in this world.

経済の急成長に伴い大量に発生した新興地主や新興商人が紛争の絶えない時代に開墾や内外の通商を通じて発展し、自らの実力に相応しい発言力を社会に対して要求した時代でもあった。
It was also a period in which emerging landlords and merchants grew in a large number along with the quick growth of the economy developed through land reclamation and trading in the period in which quarrels last and required a voice that corresponded to the raw power of society.

領家は、開発領主を現地管理者として荘官に任命し、荘官を通じて、荘園からの収穫を地子として徴収したり、荘園内の百姓（荘民）に労役を課したり（公事）して、自らの収入とした。
Ryoke appointed kaihatsu ryoshu to shokan to manage the lands, and through them, ryoke obtained income for themselves by collecting harvests from shoen as jishi (land taxes under the Ritsuryo system) and required peasants (shomin) who worked within shoen to provide labor for kuji (public duties).

しかし信長は「天下布武」をかかげて自らの天下統一を目指し、一方の義昭は上杉謙信や毛利元就らにも上洛を促して幕府政治の再興を目指すという、両者には考えの食い違いがあった。
Under the slogan 'tenka fubu' (the realm subjected to military power), Nobunaga intended to unite all of Japan by himself; on the other hand, Yoshiaki also invited Kenshin UESUGI and Motonari MORI to Kyoto with the intention of restoring the shogunate government -- there were discrepancies between their opinions.

（皮肉にも徳川家康も征夷大将軍位の徳川氏世襲と秀吉の遺児・秀頼への政権返上の意思が無い事を示すために息子徳川秀忠に将軍を継がせて自らは大御所として政権を運営している。）
(Ironically, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA transferred the position of 'Seii taishogun' to his son, Hidetada TOKUGAWA and was in charge of politics as 'Ogosho' (a leading figure) in order to show that the Tokugawa clan would inherit the position of 'Seii taishogun' and he would not return the political administration to Hideyori, Hideyoshi's bereaved son.)

そして且元退去にあわせるように家康が大坂の陣を起こし、翌年には豊臣氏を滅ぼしたのを見てもわかるように、豊臣氏は且元という最後の柱石を自ら砕き、自爆してしまったのである。
Proven by the fact that Ieyasu waged the Siege of Osaka immediately after Katsumoto's departure from the Toyotomi camp, as if he had been waiting for this to happen, the Toyotomi had in fact brought destruction on itself by pulling out their last pillar of strength and hope.

その後、虎太郎は藩上層部にヨーロッパ留学を上申したが許可されなかったので、権六郎は藩に内密で自ら金銭を都合して慶応3年（1867年）3月5日に長崎から渡欧させたという。
After that, Torataro applied to study in Europe to the upper stratum of the domain, but not permitted, and therefore, Gonrokuro himself collected money secretly to the domain and sent him from Nagasaki to Europe in April 9, 1867.

これは鎌倉幕府執権だった北条時頼が康元元年（1256年）に病でたおれ、出家したときに自らの地位を隠し諸国を旅したことが記されている太平記や増鏡を元にしたものだとされる。
It is believed that the story was based on 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace) and 'Masukagami' (The Clear Mirror) which stated that Tokiyori HOJO, the regent of the Kamakura bakufu (the Japanese feudal government headed by shogun), became a monk in 1256 after suffering from illness and traveled around Japan with his identity concealed.

同年11月、重い病に危篤になった兼通は、兼家が自らの後継になることを防ぐために無理に参内し、最後の除目を行い、頼忠は関白の器であるとして職を譲り、逆に兼家を降格させた。
In November of the same year, Kanemichi, who fell seriously ill, pushed himself to visit the Imperial Palace in order to prevent Kaneie from becoming his successor and carried out the last jimoku, assigning the position of the kanpaku to Yoritada telling him Yoritada had the capability to work as kanpaku and demoted Kaneie.

平氏政権に対抗して、関東に独自の支配権を確立した源頼朝の武士政権（後の鎌倉幕府）は、依ってきた武士（すなわち御家人）を地頭に任命することで、自らの支配権を強めていった。
The samurai government of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo (latter-day Kamakura bakufu), which established its rule in the Kanto region in opposition to the Taira clan, appointed its direct vassals (called 'gokenin') as land stewards in order to strengthen its control.

合併法人が合併前に我が国においてその主たる事業を行うに必要と認められる事務所、店舗、工場その他の固定施設を有し、かつ、その事業の管理、支配及び運営を自ら行つていること。
Before the merger, a merging corporation has an office, store, factory or any other fixed facility that is considered to be necessary for conducting its principal business in Japan, and takes charge of managing, controlling and operating the business on its own account

一般公衆の利用に供する係留施設のうち一般公衆の利便を増進するため必要なものを自ら運営し、及びこれを利用する船舶に対し係留場所の指定その他使用に関し必要な規制を行うこと。
to operate by itself mooring facilities for public use which are needed to promote the convenience of the general public, and to impose necessary regulations on ships utilizing these facilities including the assignment of mooring facilities

その人生と対話を目撃した人々の記憶に、その道徳的偉大さの強烈な印象を残し、その後の十八世紀間にわたって自ら全能者として崇められてきた人が、不名誉な死刑に処されたのです。
The man who left on the memory of those who witnessed his life and conversation, such an impression of his moral grandeur, that eighteen subsequent centuries have done homage to him as the Almighty in person, was ignominiously put to death,

前条第一項の規定により経済産業大臣が設定登録等事務の全部若しくは一部を自ら行うこととするとき、又は自ら行つていた設定登録等事務の全部若しくは一部を行わないこととするとき。
when the Minister administers himself/herself the affairs of the registration of establishment, etc., in whole or in part, pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, or ceases to administer the affairs of the registration of establishment, etc. which he/she has been carrying out him/herself, in whole or in part.

これが真言律宗の起源であるが、当初叡尊自身やその門人は真言宗の再興の一環として律宗再興を図ったものであり、自らを真言宗の一派である「西大寺流」として規定して行動していた。
This is the origin of the Shingon Risshu sect, but at that time Eison himself and his disciples tried to restore the Risshu sect as a part of renaissance of the Shingon sect and they identified themselves as the 'Saidai-ji Temple school,' one school of the Shingon sect.

だが、その草壁皇子までが急死してしまった為に皇后は皇位承継紛争を防ぐために、自ら中継として皇位につき（持統天皇）、草壁皇子の子である軽皇子（後の文武天皇）を皇太子とした。
However after Prince Kusakabe, too, died suddenly, the Empress temporarily succeeded to the throne to prevent any dispute due to Imperial succession (Emperor Jito), she let Prince Kusakabe's child, Prince Karu (later called Emperor Monmu) become Crown Prince.

凡下平民の出自でこれといった一門衆家臣団を持たない秀吉は、有力家臣である大名や武家に任官の際に豊臣姓や羽柴の名字を与え、自らは豊臣氏の氏長者となることで統治しようとした。
Hideyoshi, who was from a family of ordinary commoner and had no hereditary vassals of the family, tried to strengthen his reign as the head of the uji no choja (the head) of the Toyotomi clan, by granting the name of the 'Toyotomi' or his myoji (family name) 'Hashiba' to those influential daimyo (feudal lords) and samurai families, when he appointed them to a certain government post.

さらには、一部の公家も限定的とはいえ、必ずしも自衛目的のみとは言えない軍事活動に自ら携わるなど、あらゆる階層を通じて、ある種の”力に対する信奉”があったことは注目される。
It is noted that, in all social classes, there was a certain type of 'belief in power' as seen in the fact that, although it was in limited scale, certain court nobles were engaged in military activities which could not be deemed for self defense purpose only.

同年4月9日、摂津国の主だった国衆達は細川高国方につき、また大内義興軍が接近しつつある情勢を不利と読んだ細川澄元や三好之長は、自らの屋敷に火を放ち再び近江国に落ち延びた。
On May 18, 1508, Sumimoto HOSOKAWA and Yukinaga MIYOSHI realized the disadvantage of having a band of kunishu (local samurai) who ruled Settsu Province take the side of Takakuni HOSOKAWA and also of the army of Yoshioki OUCHI close at hand, set fire to their residence and fled to Omi Province again.

なお、事務が煩雑化すると、右筆が正式な手続を経て決定された事項について自らの職権の一環として文書を作成・署名を行い、これに主君発給文書と同一の効力を持たせる例も登場する。
When office works got more complicated, Yuhitsu started to prepare Monjo regarding matters decided through formal procedures and signed them with a part of their authority, providing the Monjo the same effect as the documents issued by their lords.

浪士が自宅に踏み込んできたとき賀川は二階へと逃げ込み隠れていたが、運悪く帰宅した幼い子どもが浪士たちに捕われ厳しい詰問を受けるのを見て自ら階下へ降りたところを斬首された。
When the roshi made a raid and stepped into his house, KAGAWA went upstairs and hid himself; but on seeing his young children who unfortunately came home and were cruelly questioned by the roshi that had captivated them, he went downstairs on his own will, and was beheaded.

また同書には、「桐野は廉潔剛胆百折不撓の人というべし。最も慈悲心あり。文識はなはだ乏し。自ら文盲を唱う。しかりといえども実務上すこぶる思慮深遠、有識者に勝れり」ともある。
There was another description, reading as 'Kirino should be called a man of integrity, valiant and fearless with an unyielding spirit. He is the most merciful, but poorly educated and called himself an illiterate. But once he is in duty, he becomes an able commander with prudence, even superior to the learned person.'

良沢が解体新書に自らの名を出さなかったのは、その翻訳の不備（とはいえ、当時の日本の語学水準からすれば、その翻訳は奇跡に近い完成度を誇っていた）を自らがよく解っております。
Ryotaku did not put his name in Kaitai Shinsho as a translator and editor because he recognized that the translation quality was quite low (however, the translation quality was exceptionally high considering the language level in Japan of that time).

下賀茂神社に自らの蔵書を奉納したときの目録である「蓼倉文庫蔵書目録」には経学・史学を中心に3,386部（11,252巻）が記され、菘翁が学問を重視していた姿勢が窺われる。
In 'the list of book collection in Tadekura Library,' which was a list of his books dedicated to Shimogamo-jinja Shrine, 3,386 books (11,252 volumes), centering on keigaku and history, were listed, which shows Suo emphasized the learning.

寛永14年（1637年）に島原の乱が起こると、藩主細川忠利の命により派兵の手配、幕府や他藩との交渉に奔走し、翌年の原城の戦いでは、自ら3,700余りの兵を率いて出陣した。
When the Shimabara Rebellion took place in 1637, he was busily engaged in dispatching arrangements of troops and negotiations with Bakufu and other Domains by the order of Tadatoshi HOSOKAWA, the lord of the Domain, and went into battle leading his own troops of over 3,700 soldiers in the battle of the Hara-jo Castle.

同様の主旨で、当時の人が食べ合わせ（「うなぎと梅干」、「てんぷらと西瓜」など）を食べると死ぬと信じていた迷信に対して、自ら人を集めて食べて無害なことを実証したことがある。
Similarly, he demonstrated groundlessness of a popular superstition at that time that certain combinations of foods like 'eel and pickled plums' and 'tenpura (Japanese deep-fried dish) and watermelon' would kill you, by collecting people and actually ate those combinations in front of them.

嘉吉3年（1443年）、南朝 (日本)の遺臣が内裏の中に侵入し、三種の神器を奪おうとした事件（禁闕の変）が起きた際、自ら太刀を振るって後花園天皇を守護した逸話が知られる。
1443: There is a well known story that he guarded Emperor Gohanazono with his own sword when a surviving retainer of the Southern Court intruded into Dairi (the Inner Palace) and tried to rob the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family (Kinketsu Incident).

出来事や天候に対する自らの感想など感情的な文章はほとんど書いていないが、能を鑑賞したり連歌や茶道を楽しんだとの記述があり、家忠の文化人としての人間性をうかがう事ができる。
Although there are almost no entries written in a subjective tone describing his personal impressions of events, the weather and the like, there are entries in which he records having attended the Noh, or participated in a tea ceremony or renga (linked verse) poetry composing gathering, which would seem to indicate that he was a man who enjoyed cultural pursuits.

あなたの持っている信仰を、神のみまえに、自分自身に持っていなさい。自ら良いと定めたことについて、やましいと思わない人は、さいわいである。 (ローマ人への手紙 14:22)
Do you have faith? Have it to yourself before God. Happy is he who doesn't judge himself in that which he approves. (Romans 14:22)

ところが、またしても、宣戦布告のラッパが高々と鳴り響き、彼は軍旗の許へと馳せ参じようと、馬に戦の装いを施し、自らも、ずっしりと重い、クサリカタビラで身を包み、馬に跨った。
War was again proclaimed, however, and when the trumpet summoned him to his standard, the Soldier put on his charger its military trappings, and mounted, being clad in his heavy coat of mail.

前項の規定による通知を受けた一般顧客は、基金に対して基金の代理権を消滅させる旨を通知することにより当該代理権を消滅させて、自ら当該通知に係る裁判上の行為をすることができる。
A General Customer who has received a notice under the provision of the preceding paragraph may conduct a judicial act pertaining to said notice by him/herself by extinguishing the authority of representation of the Fund through a notice to the Fund to the effect that he/she extinguishes said authority of representation.

前二項に定めるもののほか、国民は、基本原則にのっとり、循環型社会の形成に自ら努めるとともに、国又は地方公共団体が実施する循環型社会の形成に関する施策に協力する責務を有する。
In addition to the provisions in the foregoing two paragraphs, citizens are, pursuant to the Basic Principles, responsible for making their own efforts towards the formation of a Sound Material-Cycle Society and for cooperating in the policies and measures implemented by the State or local governments for establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society.

漁場が二以上の都道府県知事の管轄に属し、又は漁場の管轄が明確でないときは、農林水産大臣は、これを管轄する都道府県知事を指定し、又は自ら都道府県知事の権限を行うことができる。
In the case where a fishing ground is under the jurisdiction of two or more Governors or in the case where the jurisdiction over a fishing ground is not clear, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister may designate the Governor who has jurisdiction over the fishing ground or may have the authority of a Governor.

第五十八条の十六第一項の規定により試験事務の全部若しくは一部を自ら行うこととするとき、又は同項の規定により自ら行つていた試験事務の全部若しくは一部を行わないこととするとき。
When he/she has decided to directly conduct all or a part of the examination service under the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 58-16 or not to conduct all or a part of the examination service which has been directly conducted by himself/herself under the provision of said paragraph.
When he/she has decided to directly conduct all or a part of the examination service under the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 58-16 or not to conduct all or a part of the examination service which has been directly conducted by himself/herself under the provision of the same paragraph.

当初、隠元は弟子の也嬾性圭を派遣したが、途中船が座礁して客死したことから、やむなく承応3年(1654年)に、隠元自ら、鄭成功が仕立てた船に乗り、多くの弟子を率いて来日した。
At first Ingen sent his disciple YARAN Shokei (也嬾性圭) off, but he was killed in a shipwreck on his way to Japan, so Ingen had to bring himself to Japan aboard a ship Seiko TEI (鄭成功) prepared with many disciples in tow in 1654.

なお、最高位級の僧侶の身でありながら自ら戦場において殺生を行い、その挙句に戦死したという事実に対して、明雲から受戒を受けた慈円は『愚管抄』において激しくこれを糾弾している。
Despite the fact that Myoun was a Buddhist monk of the highest level, he took human lives on the battlefield before finally dying in battle himself, and Jien, who received religious precepts from him, was highly critical of this in his work entitled 'Gukansho.'

各地の勢力が独立した状況において、既に戦火で荒廃した京都の支配に実質的な意味はなかったが、将軍の御所はいまだ京都にあり、将軍を保護することは自らの力を示す最高の機会だった。
In the situation that the powers of each place were independent, there was no substantial meaning to rule Kyoto which was already devastated by the fires of war, but the Palace of shogun was still in Kyoto, so that the guard of shogun was the best opportunity to show their powers.

室町幕府第3代征夷大将軍となった足利義満は太政大臣に昇り、更に治天の君の持つ政治的権限を手中にして永徳期以後は自らの手で家門・家領一括安堵を行って公家社会を支配下に置いた。
Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Muromachi shogun, became Grand Minister with the political authority of a chiten no kimi; after the Eitoku period, he independently approved families and their estates en bloc, and exercised control over the court nobles.

自領が公領に収公されることを防ぐため、その土地を荘園として受領層に寄進し、自らは荘官として土地の実効支配権を持ちながら、一定の税を寄進先の受領層に納めた（職権留保付寄進）。
And in order to avoid one's domain being confiscated into Koryo (an Imperial demesne), they donated their land as shoen (manor in medieval Japan) to Juryoso (career provincial class) and paid a certain amount of tax to Juryoso, maintaining effective dominion on the land as shokan (an officer governing shoen), which is called contribution with reserving authority.

平安時代中葉の10世紀後期から11世紀以降、地方の開発領主らは法的根拠に欠けた自らの私有地（荘園）を、国衙の収公から逃れるため受領層（中央の有力貴族や有力寺社）に寄進した。
Starting from the late 10th century or the 11th century, which was the middle of the Heian period, local kaihatsu ryoshu started to donate their private lands (shoen) that they illegally owned to the zuryo (provincial officers such as dominant nobilities, temples, and shrines in the capital) in order to escape from confiscation by the kokuga (provincial government offices).

これに対応するためには、「開国」して外来者を受け入れ自らも外へ出て行くか、外来者を追い払って（これまでの）平和を維持するかのどちらかであるが、「攘夷」は後者の発想・考え方。
Although, to deal with the situation, they could either accept foreign visitors by 'Kaikoku' (opening the country to the world) and go overseas themselves, or expel the visitors to keep the (previous) peace, 'Joi' was the idea and concept of the latter.

娯楽全般に厳しく統制される天保の改革の時勢を迎えたのちは、画業はもっぱら多くの門人に任せて自らは描く事をやめ、一筆庵可候の号をもって合巻や滑稽本を主とする文筆業に専念した。
After the Tempo Reforms by which entertainment as a whole was strictly regulated, he stopped his painting activities leaving them to many of his disciples and devoted himself for literary pursuits including Gokan (bound-together volumes of illustrated books) and Kokkeibon (literally 'comical book') under the appellation of Ippitsuan Kako.

自ら十文字の槍を振るって力戦し、伊豆山中城攻めでは先陣を務め、小田原城早川口攻めでは虎口（城郭や陣営などの最も要所にある出入り口）の一つを占拠するという抜群の武功を挙げた。
He himself fought hard brandishing a cruciform spear and did outstanding military exploits by leading the van in the Siege of Izu Yamanaka-jo Castle and occupying koguchi (one of the most important entrances of a castle or camp) in the Siege of Hayakawabuchi of the Odawara Castle.

ただ、後の江戸時代よりも主従関係が未だルーズであり、待遇に不満があれば主君を見限って自ら致仕して牢人となり、実力次第でよりよい待遇を求めて別の大名家に仕官する者たちもいた。
However, since the master-servant relationship was a loosing one, compared with the later Edo period, it was possible that a samurai dissatisfied with his status would abandon his master and became 牢人 at his own discretion, and depending upon his ability, seeking better treatment, it was also possible to find a position in another daimyo family.

分割承継法人が分割前に我が国においてその主たる事業を行うに必要と認められる事務所、店舗、工場その他の固定施設を有し、かつ、その事業の管理、支配及び運営を自ら行つていること。
Before the company split, a succeeding corporation in the company split has an office, store, factory or any other fixed facility that is considered to be necessary for conducting its principal business in Japan, and takes charge of managing, controlling and operating the business on its own account

彼らは、こうした事を行う者どもが死に価するという神の定めをよく知りながら、自らそれを行うばかりではなく、それを行う者どもを是認さえしている。 (ローマ人への手紙 1:32)
who, knowing the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but also approve of those who practice them. (Romans 1:32)

そののち堕落した場合には、またもや神の御子を、自ら十字架につけて、さらしものにするわけであるから、ふたたび悔改めにたち帰ることは不可能である。 (ヘブル人への手紙 6:6)
and then fell away, it is impossible to renew them again to repentance; seeing they crucify the Son of God for themselves again, and put him to open shame. (Hebrews 6:6)

博士の繊細な感性に、自らを高等種類形態として機敏にかつ優しく売りこむには、蛇や蛙のように、「原始のドラゴン」に連なる未発達な特徴を少なくとも維持していなければならなかった。
For one of the higher types nimbly and sweetly to recommend itself unto his gentle senses, it had at least to retain certain rudimentary characteristics allying it to such 'dragons of the prime' as toads and snakes.

裁判長は、法第二百十五条の二（鑑定人質問）第二項及び第三項の規定によるほか、必要があると認めるときは、いつでも、自ら鑑定人に対し質問をし、又は当事者の質問を許すことができる。
The presiding judge may ask questions to an expert witness by himself/herself or allow a party to ask questions not only under the provisions of paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) of Article 215-2 (Questions to Expert Witness) of the Code, but whenever he/she finds it to be necessary.

第二十九条第一項の規定により行政記録情報の提供を受けた行政機関の長は、当該行政記録情報を同項の規定により明示した利用目的以外の目的のために自ら利用し、又は提供してはならない。
The head of an administrative organ who has received the provision of administrative record information pursuant to the provision of Article 29, paragraph (1) shall not utilize himself/herself or provide the administrative record information for purposes other than those clearly indicated pursuant to the provision of the same paragraph.

第三十六条の十五第一項の規定により経済産業大臣が試験事務の全部若しくは一部を自ら行うものとするとき、又は自ら行つていたその試験事務の全部若しくは一部を行わないこととするとき。
Where the Minister administers the whole or a part of the Examination Affairs him/herself pursuant to Article 36-15, paragraph 1, or ceases to administer the whole or a part of the Examination Affairs that he/she has administered him/herself.