鼓: 1254 Terms and Phrases

• 鼓
• hand drum
• Tsuzumi
• Tsutsumi
• Tsudzumi
• Hibiki
• beat
• rouse
• muster
• Tsuzumi (hand drum)

• 一鼓
• the first beat of the war drum

• 旗鼓
• banner and drums
• army

• 軍鼓
• war drum

• 鼓す
• to beat (a drum)
• to pluck up courage

• 鼓弓
• kokyu (3 or 4-stringed bowed Japanese musical instrument)
• any Oriental string instrument played with a bow
• Koyumi

• 鼓索
• chorda tympani

• 鼓室
• tympanic cavity
• tympanum

• 鼓手
• drummer

• 鼓吹
• inspiration
• advocacy
• encouragement

• 鼓脹
• flatulence
• meteorism
• tympanites
• bloat
• bloating

• 鼓腸
• flatulence
• meteorism
• tympanites
• bloat
• bloating
• flatulent
• wind, flatulence, flatus

• 鼓笛
• drum and fife

• 鼓動
• beat
• palpitation
• pulsation
• throbbing
• Rizumu
• pulse

• 鼓舞
• inspiration
• encouragement
• stimulation
• stimulus
• inspire
• invigorate

• 鼓腹
• happiness
• contentment

• 鼓膜
• eardrum
• tympanic membrane
• drum membrane
• ear drum
• tympanum

• 三鼓
• the three types of gagaku drums
• third division of the night (approx. 11 pm to 1 am)
• Mitsuzumi
• Mitsudzumi

• 小鼓
• small hand drum
• Kotsuzumi

• 鉦鼓
• small gong (used in gagaku)
• Shoko (a percussion instrument)

• 杖鼓
• janggu (Korean hourglass drum)
• janggo
• changgo

• 舌鼓
• smacking one's lips

• 太鼓
• drum
• Taiko
• Daiko
• Side drum
• a drum
• Drums

• 大鼓
• large hand drum
• Ookawa
• Ooko

• 長鼓
• janggu (Korean hourglass drum)
• janggo
• changgo

• 腹鼓
• drumming on one's belly
• having one's fill

• 立鼓
• hourglass-shaped object
• sarugaku performance art using such an object

• 輪鼓
• hourglass-shaped object
• sarugaku performance art using such an object

• 羯鼓
• kakko
• Japanese hourglass drum, played with sticks on both sides, traditionally used in gagaku
• Kakko (a Japanese percussion instrument)

• 鞨鼓
• kakko
• Japanese hourglass drum, played with sticks on both sides, traditionally used in gagaku

• 亜鼓
• Ako

• 杏鼓
• Ako

• 唄鼓
• Utako

• 英鼓
• Takako

• 詠鼓
• Eiko

• 艶鼓
• Tsuyako

• 佳鼓
• Kako
• Kakko

• 夏鼓
• Natsuko

• 貴鼓
• Takako

• 京鼓
• Kyouko

• 響鼓
• Kyouko

• 暁鼓
• Tokiko

• 琴鼓
• Kotoko

• 圭鼓
• Keiko

• 鼓々
• Koko

• 鼓岡
• Tsudzumioka

• 鼓音
• Koto
• tympania
• tympanic resonance

• 鼓加
• Tsudzuka

• 鼓海
• Kokai

• 鼓岳
• Tsudumidake

• 鼓間
• Koma

• 鼓希
• Tsudzuki

• 鼓月
• Kodzuki
• Kogetsu

• 鼓原
• Tsudumibaru

• 鼓紅
• Kobeni

• 鼓采
• Kosai

• 鼓咲
• Tsudzusa

• 鼓山
• Tsudzumiyama

• 鼓子
• Koko

• 鼓実
• Tsudzumi

• 鼓取
• Kotori

• 鼓珠
• Kodama

• 鼓水
• Kosui

• 鼓晴
• Koharu

• 鼓石
• Tsudumiishi

• 鼓川
• Kokawa

• 鼓村
• Koson

• 鼓大
• Kohiro

• 鼓滝
• Tsudzumigadaki

• 鼓谷
• Kotani
• Tsugumitani

• 鼓弾
• Kohazu

• 鼓竹
• Kochiku

• 鼓鳥
• Kotori

• 鼓汀
• Kotei

• 鼓田
• Tsutsumida

• 鼓都
• Koto

• 鼓島
• Tsudzumijima

• 鼓統
• Koto

• 鼓堂
• Kodou

• 鼓童
• Kodou

• 鼓峠
• Tsuzumitouge

• 鼓乃
• Tsudzuno

• 鼓之
• Kono

• 鼓尾
• Tsudumio
• Tsudumino

• 鼓美
• Komi
• Tsudzumi

• 鼓姫
• Tsudzuki

• 鼓品
• Koshina

• 鼓野
• Kono

• 鼓柳
• Koyanagi

• 鼓葉
• Koyou

• 鼓琳
• Korin

• 鼓鈴
• Kosuzu
• Korin

• 鼓路
• Tsutsuji

• 鼓朗
• Korou

• 鼓浪
• Korou

• 光鼓
• Miko

• 紅鼓
• Kuko

• 香鼓
• Koko

• 采鼓
• Ayako

• 桜鼓
• Sakurako

• 時鼓
• Tokiko

• 実鼓
• Miko

• 心鼓
• Miko

• 新鼓
• Chikako

• 真鼓
• Mako

• 千鼓
• Chiko

• 奏鼓
• Kanako

• 相鼓
• Aiko

• 朝鼓
• Asako

• 釣鼓
• Tsuritsudzumi

• 天鼓
• Tenko

• 刀鼓
• Touko

• 桃鼓
• Momoko

• 透鼓
• Tooko

• 奈鼓
• Nako

• 二鼓
• Niko

• 日鼓
• Niko

• 波鼓
• Hako

• 飛鼓
• Piko

• 美鼓
• Miko

• 舞鼓
• Maiko
• Mako

• 峰鼓
• Mineko

• 麻鼓
• Mako

• 梨鼓
• Riko

• 理鼓
• Riko

• 琳鼓
• Rinko

• 六鼓
• Rikko
• Rokko

• 和鼓
• Wako

• 笙鼓
• Shouko

• 莉鼓
• Riko

• 黎鼓
• Reiko

• 鼓楼
• Koro
• Ko-ro Tower (Drum Tower)

• 金鼓
• Kintsuzumi (literally, golden hand drum)

• 木鼓
• Slit drum

• 鼓部
• Radical 207

• お太鼓
• very common way of tying a woman's kimono sash

• 鼓する
• to beat (a drum)
• to pluck up courage

• 鼓手長
• drum major

• 鼓吹者
• advocate
• propagator

• 鼓笛隊
• drum and fife band

• 鼓膜炎
• tympanitis
• myringitis

• 御太鼓
• very common way of tying a woman's kimono sash

• 細腰鼓
• waisted drum
• hourglass drum

• 三の鼓
• hourglass drum used in Nara-period court music

• 小太鼓
• small drum

• 触太鼓
• drumming in the streets to announce a tournament
• announcing an event by walking around in the streets beating a drum
• drum used to announce an event by walking around in the streets

• 陣太鼓
• war drum

• 太鼓橋
• arched bridge
• Taikobashi

• 太鼓焼
• Japanese muffin containing bean jam, served hot

• 太鼓打
• Laccotrephes japonensis (species of water scorpion)

• 太鼓台
• very large float used to carry taiko at festivals
• Taikodai
• Sashiage for Taikodai

• 太鼓虫
• dragonfly naiad (nymph)

• 太鼓判
• large seal
• large stamp
• seal of approval
• guarantee
• endorsement
• hallmark

• 太鼓腹
• potbelly
• paunch

• 大太鼓
• large or bass drum

• 櫓太鼓
• drums which announce the opening of a stage performance or commencement of bouts
• the sound produced by such drums

• 和太鼓
• Japanese drum
• Wadaiko (Japanese drum)
• Wadaiko drum
• Taiko

• 映厘鼓
• Eriko

• 沖鼓島
• Okitsudzumijima

• 月桜鼓
• Naoko

• 鼓々実
• Kokomi

• 鼓々乃
• Kokono

• 鼓々美
• Kokomi

• 鼓が滝
• Tsutsumigataki

• 鼓の滝
• Tsuduminotaki

• 鼓ケ浦
• Tsudzumigaura

• 鼓ケ岳
• Tsutsumigatake
• Tsudzumigatake

• 鼓ヶ浦
• Tsudzumigaura

• 鼓ヶ岳
• Tsutsumigatake
• Tsudzumigatake

• 鼓ヶ滝
• Tsudzumigataki

• 鼓音美
• Kotomi

• 鼓音鈴
• Kotori

• 鼓弓谷
• Kokyuutani

• 鼓呼名
• Kokona

• 鼓寿永
• Kozue

• 鼓十音
• Kotone

• 鼓女記
• Komaki

• 鼓神社
• Tsudumi Shrine

• 鼓世美
• Koyomi

• 鼓石川
• Tsudumiishigawa

• 鼓太朗
• Kotarou

• 鼓太郎
• Kotarou

• 鼓滝駅
• Tsudzumigataki Station (st)

• 鼓津絵
• Kozue

• 鼓都弥
• Kotomi

• 鼓都里
• Kotori

• 鼓乃羽
• Konoha

• 鼓乃歌
• Konoka

• 鼓乃香
• Konoka

• 鼓乃葉
• Konoha

• 鼓淵橋
• Tsutsumigafuchibashi

• 鼓里衣
• Korii

• 鼓浪嶼
• Korousho

• 香鼓奈
• Kokona

• 香留鼓
• Kaoruko

• 香瑠鼓
• Kaoruko

• 菜鼓実
• Nagomi

• 実千鼓
• Michiko

• 出太鼓
• Dedaiko

• 小鼓音
• Sakoto
• Satoko

• 小鼓子
• Shoukoshi

• 太鼓岳
• Taikodake

• 太鼓山
• Taikoyama
• Mt. Taiko

• 太鼓森
• Taikomori

• 太鼓沢
• Taikozawa

• 太鼓鼻
• Taikobana

• 太鼓矢
• Taikoya

• 大鼓石
• Taikoishi

• 大鼓田
• Taikoda

• 辰鼓櫓
• Tatsukoyagura

• 鳴鼓岳
• Nadzumidake

• 夜炎鼓
• Yaeko

• 夜涛鼓
• Yatoko

• 由利鼓
• Yuriko

• 梨夜鼓
• Riyako

• 鼓室階
• scala tympani

• 鼓状巻
• drum winding

• 鼓室炎
• tympanitis

• 小鼓方
• Small hand drumer (Kotsuzumikata)
• Kotsuzumi-kata (small hand drum player)

• 大鼓方
• Big drumer (Otsuzumikata)
• Otsuzumi-kata
• Otsuzumi kata
• Drummers' school

• 太鼓方
• side drumer
• Taiko-kata (drum player)
• The schools for drum performers

• 組太鼓
• United Japanese drums

• 桶太鼓
• Japanese tub drums

• 締太鼓
• Japanese tight drums

• 大鼓-
• Otsuzumi (hip drum):

• 太鼓物
• Taikomono (music of Noh with a taiko, a drum)

• 石鼓文
• Sekkobun

• 太鼓楼
• Taikoro-tower

• 鼓吹司
• Kosuishi

• 銅鼓県
• Tonggu County

• 鼓楼区
• Gulou

• 鼓山区
• Gushan District

• 石鼓区
• Shigu District

• 法鼓山
• Dharma Drum Mountain

• 一番太鼓
• beating of a drum as a signal to announce the opening (beginning) of an event (theatrical performance, festival, etc.)

• 寄せ太鼓
• drums sounded in the morning to draw the crowds to a match

• 旗鼓堂々
• with colors flying and band playing
• triumphantly
• in splendid array

• 旗鼓堂堂
• with colors flying and band playing
• triumphantly
• in splendid array

• 鼓舞激励
• encouragement

• 鼓腹撃壌
• sing the praises (enjoy the blessings) of peace

• 鼓膜張筋
• tensor tympani muscle
• tensor muscle of tympanic membrane
• musculus tensor tympani

• 攻め太鼓
• drum used in ancient warfare to signal an attack

• 触れ太鼓
• drumming in the streets to announce a tournament
• announcing an event by walking around in the streets beating a drum
• drum used to announce an event by walking around in the streets

• 太鼓持ち
• professional jester
• professional entertainer
• comedian
• buffoon
• flatterer
• sycophant
• brown-noser

• 太鼓焼き
• Japanese muffin containing bean jam, served hot

• 太鼓内訳
• drumming style used to announce bouts

• 跳ね太鼓
• drumming at the end of the day of wrestling inviting spectators to return tomorrow

• 締め太鼓
• small high-pitched Japanese drum or taiko with its head pulled taut by ropes

• 勇を鼓す
• to screw up one's courage
• to take heart

• 鬼太鼓座
• Ondekoza

• 吉浦潭鼓
• Yoshiuratanko

• 鼓が倉山
• Tsudzumigakurayama

• 鼓ヶ浦駅
• Tsudzumigaura Station (st)

• 鼓岡神社
• Tsudumigaoka Shrine

• 鼓岡大橋
• Tsudumiokaoohashi

• 太鼓沢川
• Taikozawagawa

• 大太鼓橋
• Oodaikobashi

• 鼓膜温度
• tympanic membrane temperature

• 鼓索神経
• chorda tympani nerve

• 鼓形碍子
• knob insulator

• 鼓膜穿孔
• tympanic perforation
• tympanic membrane perforation

• 鼓膜切痕
• tympanic notch
• incisura tympanica

• 鼓舞する
• animate
• buoy
• incentive
• rousing
• spirited

• 鼓吹する
• imbue

• 鼓動する
• pulsate
• pulse
• throb

• 団扇太鼓
• Uchiwa-daiko (prayer drum)
• Fan drum

• 太鼓の例
• Examples of Japanese drums

• 太鼓・貝
• Drums and shells

• 彩絵鼓胴
• Wooden decorated hand drum

• 太鼓の音
• the sound of a drum

• 龍鼓水道
• Urmston Road

• 鼓膜切開
• tympanostomy
• myringotomy

• 鼓室小体
• glomus tympanicum

• 鼓膜充血
• tympanic membrane hyperemia

• 鼓膜破裂
• tympanic membrane rupture

• 鼓膜穿刺
• tympanocentesis

• 鼓膜形成
• myringoplasty

• 鼓室形成
• tympanoplasty

• 鼓膜損傷
• injury of tympanic membrane
• tympanic membrane injury

• 青色鼓膜
• blue eardrum
• blue tympanic membrane

• 腸性鼓腸
• meteorismus intestinalis

• お太鼓結び
• very common way of tying a woman's kimono sash

• 御太鼓結び
• very common way of tying a woman's kimono sash

• 心臓の鼓動
• heartbeat

• 舌鼓を打つ
• to smack one's lips at
• to eat with relish
• smack one’s lips

• 腹鼓を打つ
• to eat to one's hearts content
• to drum the belly
• eat one’s fill

• 吉浦潭鼓町
• Yoshiuratankochou

• 鼓ヶ原団地
• Tsutsumigaharadanchi

• 鼓膜切開術
• tympanostomy
• myringotomy

• 鼓室形成術
• tympanoplasty

• （→鼓楼）
• (=>Koro)

• 三鼓の説明
• About Three Drums

• 小鼓　幸流
• Small hand drum: Ko Style

• 太鼓の種類
• Types of Japanese drums

• 松浦の太鼓
• Matsu-ura no Taiko (The drum in Matsura)

• 鼓膜の穿孔
• a perforation of the eardrum

• 張鼓峰事件
• Battle of Lake Khasan

• 下鼓室動脈
• Inferior tympanic artery

• 上鼓室動脈
• Superior tympanic artery

• 鼓楼大街駅
• Gulou Dajie Station

• 太鼓の達人
• Taiko no Tatsujin

• 前鼓室動脈
• Anterior tympanic artery

• 鼓膜基底板
• basilar membrane

• 腹膜性鼓腸
• pneumoperitoneum

• 鼓室糸球体
• glomus tympanicum

• 鼓膜穿刺術
• tympanocentesis

• 鼓膜形成術
• myringoplasty

• 鼓室内出血
• hemotympanum
• hematotympanum

• 太鼓ばち爪
• clubbed nail

• 上鼓室穿孔
• attic perforation

• 鼓室硬化症
• tympanosclerosis

• 心因性鼓腸
• psychogenic flatulence

• 慢性鼓膜炎
• chronic myringitis

• 太鼓判を押す
• to give the stamp of approval
• vouch for

• 打ち出し太鼓
• drum signalling end of a performance

• 旭川太鼓連盟
• Japanese Drums Union of Asahikawa

• 鼓山トンネル
• Tsudumiyama tunnel

• 太鼓岩不動尊
• Taikoiwafudouson

• 鳴鼓トンネル
• Nadumi tunnel

• 鼓形ウォーム
• double enveloping worm

• 鼓舞するもの
• inspiration

• に舌鼓を打つ
• smack

• 南京城の鼓楼
• The Drum Tower in Nanjing Castle

• 城郭の太鼓櫓
• Taiko Yagura in Castles

• 大鼓　葛野流
• Big drum: Kadono Style

• 太鼓　観世流
• Side drum: Kanze Style

• 太鼓　威徳流
• Side drum: Itoku Style

• 大鼓　高安流
• Big drum: Takayasu Style

• 鼓（つづみ）
• Tsuzumi

• でんでん太鼓
• Dendendaiko
• Pellet drum

• 10基の石鼓
• Ten pieces of sekko

• 堀内雲鼓句碑
• Kuhi (stone tablet inscribed with a haiku) of Unko HORIUCHI

• 女性の鼓手長
• a female drum major

• 太鼓を打つ音
• the sound made by beating a drum

• 不規則な鼓動
• an arrhythmic heartbeat

• ブリキの太鼓
• The Tin Drum

• 水疱性鼓膜炎
• bullous myringitis

• 鼓室糸球腫瘍
• glomus tympanicum tumor

• 鼓膜聴力検査
• tympanometry

• 上鼓室化膿症
• attic suppuration

• 太鼓谷稲成神社
• Taikodaniinari Shrine

• 鉦や太鼓で捜す
• look for someone with every possible means

• 激しく鼓動する
• pound

• 太鼓のとどろき
• roll of a drum

• 阿弥陀鼓音声経
• Amida kuonjo-kyo (The Sutra on the Dharani of Amida Drum-Sound King)

• 鞨鼓（かっこ）
• Kakko

• 太鼓（たいこ）
• Taiko

• 太鼓を載せる台
• A stand on which a taiko is placed.

• 大鼓の項参照。
• See the section of otsuzumi.

• 『松浦の太鼓』
• 'Matsuura no Taiko'

• 石鼓の成立時代
• Period when sekko was established

• だ太鼓縁　一対
• A pair of Da-drum edges

• 黒漆鼓胴 2口
• 2 black-lacquered hand drums

• 太鼓判を押す。
• He gave me his stamp of approval.

• 鼓膜に付随する
• associated with the eardrum

• 鼓膜の外科切除
• surgical removal of the eardrum

• 無味乾燥な鼓動
• a dull throbbing

• 穴があいた鼓膜
• a perforated eardrum

• 熱き鼓動の果て
• Atsuki Kodō no Hate

• モホークの太鼓
• Drums Along the Mohawk

• 外傷性鼓膜穿孔
• Perforated eardrum
• traumatic perforation of tympanic membrance
• traumatic tympanic membrane perforation

• 隣接面間鼓形空隙
• interproximal embrasure

• 勇を鼓して～する
• bring oneself to ~

• 太鼓の短い連続音
• ruffle

• 雅楽における鉦鼓
• Shoko in gagaku

• 仏教における鉦鼓
• Shoko in Buddhism

• 小鼓（こつづみ）
• Small hand drum

• 長胴太鼓・宮太鼓
• Long trunk Japanese drum, imperial Japanese drum

• 壱鼓 (いっこ)
• Ikko

• 鉦鼓（しょうご）
• Shogo

• 太鼓 (たいこ)
• Taiko

• 太鼓台（舁き山）
• Taikodai (kakiyama)

• 太鼓台（曳き山）
• Taikodai (hikiyama)

• 石鼓の保存と破損
• Preservation and damage of sekko

• 金鼓　建久三年銘
• Konku (a kind of musical instrument), inscribed with the year '1192'

• 太鼓踊　9月3日
• Taiko-odori Festival (drumming and dancing festival): held on September 3

• 速く不規則な鼓動
• a rapid and irregular heart beat

• 太鼓腹を表す俗語
• slang for a paunch

• 因明纂解鼓攻 三巻
• Inmyo Sange Koko, 3 volumes

• 大鼓（おおつづみ）
• Big drum

• 小鼓　幸流、大倉流
• Small hand drum: Ko Style, Okura Style

• 日本の太鼓の総称。
• Generic name of Japanese drums.

• 和太鼓（わだいこ）
• Wa-daiko

• 輪鼓褌脱（太食調）
• Rinko-kodatsu (Taishiki-cho) (a tune of gagaku music corresponding to the Taishiki-cho tune of togaku music).

• 山鹿流陣太鼓と装束
• Yamaga style Jin-Daiko and costume

• 参考記事松浦の太鼓
• References on Matsuura no Taiko

• 鼓吹司（くすいし）
• Kusuishi (Drums and Fifes Office)

• 余適有鼓腹之閑話。
• It just so happens that I have an empty story that deserves to talk in this piping time of peace.

• 「狸腹鼓」を被く。
• Mastered 'Tanuki no haratsuzumi' (a story of a raccoon and a huntsman).

• 鉦鼓（長承三年銘）
• Shoko (small gong used in gagaku), (Chosho 3rd [1134] inscripted)

• 鉦鼓（建久九年銘）
• Shoko, (Kenkyu 9th [1198] inscripted)

• 3章: 鼓舞と反応
• Section 3: Stimulus and response

• 4章: 鼓舞と反応
• Section 4: Stimulus and response

• 心臓の鼓動のリズム
• the rhythm of a beating heart

• 彼の自我を鼓舞する
• lift his ego

• 鼓楼区 (福州市)
• Gulou District, Fuzhou

• 鼓楼区 (南京市)
• Gulou District, Nanjing

• 鼓楼区 (開封市)
• Gulou District, Kaifeng

• ブリキの太鼓#映画
• The Tin Drum (film)

• 鼓楼区 (徐州市)
• Gulou District, Xuzhou

• 小鼓　観世流、幸清流
• Small hand drum: Kanze Style, Kosei Style

• 和太鼓、鼓（つづみ）
• Wadaiko drum, and Tsuzumi (hand drum)

• 太鼓-朝長の「懺法」
• Taiko (drum): Tomonaga's 'Senbo' (Penitence)

• 堀川波の鼓（波の鼓）
• Horikawa Nami no Tsudumi (Nami no Tsudumi)

• 小鼓を嗜んだという。
• It is said that he enjoyed playing the Kotsuzumi (a small hand drum).

• 重要文化財「だ太鼓」
• Important Cultural Property - 'Dadaiko' (decorated drum)

• 太鼓の音が聞こえる。
• I hear the drum.

• 穴か裂け目のある鼓膜
• an eardrum with a hole or tear in it

• 軍楽隊や太鼓隊の隊長
• the leader of a marching band or drum corps

• 鼓膜と内耳の間にある
• between the eardrum and the inner ear

• 彼は太鼓の音を聞いた
• he heard the beat of a drum

• 芸能、音楽としての太鼓
• Japanese drums as public entertainment and music

• 和太鼓に関する主な行事
• Events related to Japanese drums

• 締太鼓（しめ だいこ）
• Shime-daiko

• 小鼓は3丁で連調する。
• Three Kotsuzumi are played in a trio format.

• 太鼓方も舞台には出る。
• Otsuzumi-kata also appears on the stage.

• シテ方と太鼓方がある。
• There are schools for the shite (a Noh protagonist) and for the drummers.

• ワキ方と大鼓方がある。
• There are the waki-kata (supporting actors) Takayasu school and the otsuzumi-kata (large hand drum players) Takayasu school.

• 大鼓方と小鼓方がある。
• There are otsuzumi-kata (large hand drum players) and kotsuzumi-kata (small hand drum players).

• 心臓の鼓動が速まった。
• My heart quickened.

• 律動的な鼓動を表すこと
• describing a rhythmic beating

• 鼓膜インピーダンス検査
• acoustic impedance test

• 大鼓　観世流宝生錬三郎派
• Big drum: Kanze Style and Hosyo Renzaburo School

• 太鼓奏者は一人（ソロ）。
• Only one drummer for the Japanese drum performance (solo)

• 地元小学生による太鼓演奏
• Drum performance by the local elementary school pupils.

• 太鼓中之舞よりやや軽快。
• This mai is danced more lightly than the Chu no mai accompanied on dai-sho hand drums.

• 小鼓方幸流の分家である。
• It is a branch school of kotsuzumi-kata of Ko school.

• 『松浦之太鼓』とも書く。
• It is written in '松浦之太鼓.'

• 和太鼓／パーカッション。
• Wadaiko drums/ Percussion.

• 自信を鼓舞するような発言
• a statement intended to inspire confidence

• 鼓膜に結びついている小骨
• the ossicle attached to the eardrum

• 太鼓の上にぴんと張った膜
• a membrane that is stretched taut over a drum

• 震わせ、振動し鼓動がする
• shake, quiver, or throb

• 彼女の心臓は速く鼓動した
• Her heart was beating fast

• 太鼓の達人の登場人物一覧
• Characters of Taiko no Tatsujin

• 複式複打法（組太鼓）作品。
• Play for multiple drum, multiple drummer technique (united Japanese drums)

• 団扇太鼓（うちわ だいこ）
• Uchiwa-daiko

• 大鼓は三番叟にのみ加わる。
• Otsuzumi only joins Sanbaso.

• とたんに陣太鼓がひびいた。
• Then drums beat.

• 1972年に大鼓方に転向。
• He converted to an otsuzumi kata in 1972.

• 太鼓の音は遠のいていった。
• The drum faded away.

• 異常に心臓の鼓動が遅いこと
• abnormally slow heartbeat

• 彼の心臓は、激しく鼓動した
• His heart palpitated

• 太鼓櫓 八木町の安楽寺に移築
• The taiko yagura (drum turret): was moved to Anraku-ji Temple in Yagi-cho

• 据置形　御諏訪太鼓（長野県）
• For Sueoki-gata: Osuwa Japanese Drum (Nagano Prefecture)

• 創作和太鼓と服装・化粧の関係
• Relationship between creative Japanese drums and costumes and make-up

• 「鼓童」代表の林英哲が初演。
• Eitetsu HAYASHI, the representative from 'Kodo,' presented his first performance.

• 三ノ鼓 (さん の つづみ)
• San-no-tsuzumi

• 高麗楽では三ノ鼓が使われる。
• In komagaku (music from the Korean Peninsula), sannotsuzumi (a small double-headed drum struck on only one head) is used instead.

• 台輪(太鼓台の基部)から担ぐ
• Lifting it up from its architrave (the bottom of Taikodai);

• かならず太鼓入りに限られる。
• This mai is always accompanied jointly on drums.

• 初音の鼓に使われた狐達の子。
• Children of the foxes that had been used to make the Hatsune no tsuzumi.

• 太鼓門、および、続櫓（1棟）
• Taiko-mon and tsuzuki yagura (a wall tower of a Japanese castle which was usually only a single story in height, which functioned as a connecting tower or gallery running along the top of the ishigaki, from which the defenders protected the walls), (one structure).

• 金鼓（こんく）：金属製の鼓。
• Konku: a golden hand drum.

• 落語『西行』『西行鼓ヶ滝』。
• There are Rakugo (comic story) named 'Saigyo' and 'Saigyo Tsutsumigataki.'

• 大阪能楽養成会大鼓主任講師。
• Chief instructor for stick drums of Osaka Nohgaku Yoseikai (Osaka Nohgaku Training Academy).

• 少年がその太鼓を叩いていた。
• A boy was beating the drum.

• 心臓の鼓動が速く打っている。
• My heart is beating fast.

• 大地主さんも太鼓判をおした。
• declared the squire.

• 異常な力で鼓動するか連打する
• pulsate or pound with abnormal force

• 他の人の鼓舞激励となる有名人
• a celebrity who is an inspiration to others

• 鼓脹の、または、鼓脹に関する
• of or relating to tympanites

• 彼が一緒に河原で太鼓を叩いた。
• He played the drums at the riverside with me/them.

• 鼓月（京都）　1945年創業。
• Kogetsu (Kyoto): Founded in 1945.

• 大鼓　大倉流、金春三郎右衛門流
• Big drum: Okura Style and Komparu Saburoemon School

• 太鼓　金春流、金春三郎右衛門流
• Side drum: Komparu Style and Komparu Saburoemon School

• 締太鼓、桶太鼓、宮太鼓がある。
• There are shime-daiko (tight drums), oke-daiko (tub drums), and mya-daiko (imperial drums).

• 小鼓-道成寺 (能)（乱拍子）
• Kotsuzumi (shoulder drum): Dojo-ji Temple (Noh) (Ranbyoshi [mad rhythm])

• 酒井の太鼓（さかいの たいこ）
• Sakai no Taiko

• 葛野流大鼓方中田万三郎の次男。
• He was the second son of Manzaburo NAKATA, Otsuzumi kata (large hand drum player) of Kadono-ryu school.

• 鼓膜の双方の空気圧を同等にする
• equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum

• 下顎後静脈に注ぐ鼓室からの静脈
• veins from the tympanic cavity that empty into the retromandibular vein

• 抱持形　太鼓踊、念仏踊り、田植踊
• Kakaemochi-gata (the style of holding or carrying): taiko-odori (Japanese drum dancing), nembutsu-odori (praying to Amida Buddha and dancing), taue-odori (dancing for planting crops)

• 据置形　芝居の曲打太鼓（沖縄県）
• Sueoki-gata (the style with the drum placed on the floor): Kyokuuchi Japanese drum (Okinawa Prefecture)

• 囃子方-小鼓7、大鼓1、太鼓16
• hayashi-kata, kotsuzumi: 7, otsuzumi: 1, taiko: 16

• 松浦の太鼓（まつうらの たいこ）
• Matsura no Taiko (The drum in Matsura)

• 太鼓山、権現山(伊根町)、蝙蝠岳
• Mt. Taiko, Mt. Gongen (Ine-cho), Komori-dake (Mt. Komori)

• 鼓声催短命　（鼓声　短命を催す）
• A drum sounds, urging my short life to end.

• 大紫の位を贈り、鼓吹して葬った。
• The reward was a rank of daishi (the fifth grade of twenty-six of cap rank) and drums and fires during funeral.

• 書状形式で、鼓役者の心得を記す。
• It is in a letter style and talks about how a Tsuzumi player should be.

• 彼らは太鼓をずっとたたき続けた。
• They had been thumping the drum all along.

• 運動すると心臓の鼓動が速くなる。
• When you exercise your heart beats faster.

• 太鼓がいつも勝利のしるしなんだ」
• it is always their sign of victory.'

• 鼓動させる、あるい急速に打たせる
• cause to throb or beat rapidly

• 鼓室を流れ、下顎後静脈に注ぐ静脈
• a vein that drains the tympanic cavity and empties into the retromandibular vein

• 主に内部には太鼓が設置されている。
• Normally a drum is set inside the tower.

• 通常は東に鐘楼、西に鼓楼を置いた。
• A bell tower was normally built in the east and a drum tower in the west.

• 打楽器編成の一部に和太鼓を使う作品
• It is a piece with part of the percussion instrument composition using the Japanese drum.

• 伴奏には鼓、時には笛などを用いた。
• For accompaniment, tsuzumi (Japanese hand drums), and sometimes pipes (or flutes) were used.

• 福島県の太鼓台　破風屋根の曳き山。
• The taikodai in Fukushima Prefecture is the hikiyama with a gable roof.

• 二男 鼓包武（鼓家を継ぐ陸軍少将）
• Second son: Kanetake TSUZUMI (Army Major General and succeeded the Tsuzumi family)

• 能楽観世流囃子方大鼓方十六世宗家。
• Motonobu KANZE is the 16th generation head of the Kanze family school of Noh, Music department, large hand drum division (Otsuzumi).

• 心臓が速く鼓動しているのを感じた。
• I felt my heart beating rapidly.

• その夜我々は大エビに舌鼓を打った。
• We banqueted on lobster that night.

• その急速な小さな鼓動は十二打った、
• Its rapid little pulse beat twelve:

• その音は老人の心臓の鼓動なのです。
• It was the beating of the old man's heart.

• 彼はビールを一口のみ、舌鼓を打った
• he took a drink of his beer and smacked his lips

• 鼓楼の2階には石碑、鐘、太鼓がある。
• There is a stone monument, a bell and a drum on the second floor of the Drum Tower.

• 羯鼓、和太鼓、大鉦鼓、笙、篳篥、龍笛
• Kakko drum, Wadaiko drum, Oshoko drum, Sho flute, Hichiriki instrument, Ryuteki flute

• 三ノ鼓、和太鼓、大鉦鼓、篳篥、高麗笛
• Santsuzumi drum, Wadaiko drum, Oshoko drum, Hichiriki instrument, Komabue flute

• 太鼓という場合広狭二つの理解がある。
• In the case of the Japanese drum, there are both a wide and a narrow understanding (interpretation).

• 舁山形や曳山形には太鼓台などがある。
• For katugiyama-gata or hikiyama-gata, there is a drum stand used.

• 9月：和太鼓フェスタ（大阪府豊中市）
• September: Wadaiko Festa (Japanese Drum Festival) (Toyonaka City, Osaka Prefecture)

• また寿閑の弟は大鼓方高安流を嗣いだ。
• Also, a younger brother of Jukan succeeded to the otsuzumi-kata Takayasu school.

• 本願寺玄関、浪之間、虎之間、太鼓之間
• Genkan (entrance), Naminoma (literally, room of wave), Toranoma (literally, room of tiger) and Taikonoma (literally, room of large drum) of Hongan-ji Temple

• そのため、伊珍阿鼓はイザナミである。
• Therefore, Ijinangi is Izanami.

• 玄関、浪之間、虎之間、太鼓之間 1棟
• Entrance hall, Nami-no-Ma (Wave Room), Tora-no-Ma (Tiger Room), Taiko-no-Ma (Drum Room) (single structure)

• 兵士たちはその歌に士気を鼓舞された。
• The soldiers were animated by the song.

• 私は心臓が激しく鼓動するのを感じた。
• I felt my heart beating violently.

• 将校は部下を鼓舞して勇気を出させた。
• The officer inspired his men to be brave.

• 臆病な鼓動とともに血はにじみ続ける。
• With a weak beat, it continues to bleed.

• 子供の泣き声は彼の鼓膜をつんざいた。
• The wailing of the child pierced the drum of his ear.

• 槌骨が鼓膜に付随するわずかな丸い高所
• a slight rounded elevation where the malleus attaches to the eardrum

• タンバリンに似た小型の手でたたく太鼓
• small hand drum similar to a tambourine

• 小鼓は、サクラ製の砂時計型の胴をもつ。
• The small hand drum is a musical instrument made of cherry wood shaped like an hourglass.

• 和太鼓（わだいこ）は、打楽器のひとつ。
• Wadaiko (Japanese drum) is one of the percussion instruments.

• 神道では古くから太鼓が多く用いられた。
• Japanese drums have been used in Shinto from ancient times.

• 円形の枠に1枚の膜を張った太鼓である。
• This is a drum with a membrane mounted on a circular frame.

• 複式単打法・・・多種の太鼓を一人で演奏
• multiple drums, single drummer technique - various types of drums are struck by one drummer.

• 単式単打法・・・一種の太鼓を一人で演奏
• single drum, single drummer technique - one type of drum is struck by one drummer.

• それぞれ組太鼓作品で、鬼太鼓座が初演。
• These are pieces for the Japanese drum, performed by ZA ONDEKOZA for the first time.

• シテ方、小鼓方、大鼓方、太鼓方がある。
• It consists of shite-kata (main roles), kotsuzumi-kata (small hand drum player) and taiko-kata (drum player).

• 信光は大鼓方・脇の仕手として活躍した。
• Nobumitsu was active as an otsuzumi kata (large hand drum player) and waki no shite (beside-the-doer-role).

• 以降小鼓方の家元が大鼓方を預っている。
• Since then, the iemoto of kotsuzumi-kata has served as the iemoto of otsuzumi-kata concurrently.

• 泉州地域では太鼓・鉦・笛などを用いる。
• In the Senshu region, drums, sho (bells or gongs) and Japanese flutes are used.

• のち霊元天皇より直々に鼓を賜っている。
• Later, he was encouraged by Emperor Reigen personally.

• 組織移植片のある破れた鼓膜の外科的修復
• surgical repair of a perforated eardrum with a tissue graft

• 和太鼓としてはこの種類が大多数をしめる。
• As a Japanese drum, this type comprises the majority.

• 単式複打法・・・一種の太鼓を多人数で演奏
• single drum multiple drummer technique - one type of drum is struck by many drummers.

• 日本太鼓講習会：毎年数回、全国各地で開催
• The Nippon Taiko Training Class: held several times at various places nationwide every year.

• 十八番に『火焔太鼓』、『唐茄子屋』など。
• His specialties include 'Kaen Daiko' (Big Drum) and 'Tonasuya' (The Pumpkin Vendor).

• 篆書体…始皇七刻石泰山刻石、石鼓文 など
• Tensho-tai (seal-engraving style writing): Taizankokuseki of Shiko shichikokuseki (seven inscriptions made by Shiko Emperor), Sekkobun (stone-drum Inscriptions), and others

• 羯鼓舞 - 天狗と共に山を巡った思い出。
• Kakko no mai (dance with a small drum) – the memories of traveling through mountains with the Tengu.

• 子太鼓は、親太鼓よりも２回り以上小さい。
• Kodaiko is less than a quarter of the size of Oyadaiko.

• そして男子は凡鼓（ぼこ）の木の傍らで休み
• So rested he by the Tumtum tree,

• 太鼓（たいこ）が鳴るのは遊廓に相違ない。
• Where the sound of the drum is heard must be the tenderloin.

• が、勇を鼓してとうとうそれをやっ附けた。
• But he made a dash, and did it:

• 鼓膜から内耳へ音の振動を伝える中耳の小骨
• ossicles of the middle ear that transmit acoustic vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear

• 太鼓楼（たいころう）などとも呼ばれている。
• Drum towers are also called taiko-ro in Japanese.

• 楽人役のシテが舞うこともある（「天鼓」）。
• A protagonist (Shite) playing the role of a musician might also dance or play the Tenko (literally 'Sky Drum').

• 小鼓方と大鼓方は床几（しょうぎ）を用いる。
• The small hand drummers and the big drummers can use the floor desk.

• ８月：和太鼓サウンド夢の森（滋賀県甲賀市）
• August: Sound of Japanese Drums, Forest of Dreams (Koga City, Shiga Prefecture)

• (お太鼓の部分の幅は何れも鯨８寸となる。）
• (the width of the portion of otaiko is hassun, measured by kujirajaku (a measure used in kimono-making), for both types.)

• 帰朝後、長崎方面で六朝派の書風を鼓吹した。
• After returning to Japan, he advocated the six-dynasty calligraphic style in the Nagasaki area.

• 幸流（こう-りゅう）は能楽小鼓方の一流派。
• The Ko school is one of the schools of kotsuzumi-kata (small hand drum players) in Nohgaku (the art of Noh).

• 高麗笛、篳篥、三鼓、鉦鼓、太鼓が使われる。
• Komagaku uses komabue (a transverse flute with six finger holes), hichiriki (an oboe), san-no-tsuzumi (an hourglass-shaped drum), shoko (a small gong) and taiko (an ornately decorated drum).

• 鼓吹司 - 宇多天皇のとき、兵庫寮に統合。
• Kusuishi (Office of Drums and Fifes): consolidated into Hyogoryo (Bureau of Military Storehouses) at the age of the Emperor Uda.

• 小兵にもかかわらず、太鼓腹で怪力であった。
• He was small but had a potbelly and was very strong.

• 鉦鼓（長承三年銘）1口　附鉦鼓（無銘）1口
• Gong (inscribed Chosho year 3) (1) with Fixed Gong (not inscribed) (1)

• 彼女は心臓が激しく鼓動しているのを感じた。
• She felt her heart beating fast.

• 耳介から鼓膜にいたる外耳の中の道のいづれか
• either of the passages in the outer ear from the auricle to the tympanic membrane

• 券を太鼓の形をした回転箱から引き出す富くじ
• a lottery in which tickets are drawn from a revolving drum

• 彼は、彼女の心臓の鼓動を感じることができた
• he could feel the beat of her heart

• 複数のアマチュア和太鼓集団が参加する各種行事
• Various events in which two or more amateur Japanese drum groups participate

• 8月上旬：霊山太鼓祭り（伊達市 (福島県)）
• Early August: Ryozen Japanese Drum Festival (Date City, Fukushima Prefecture)

• 9月上旬：神恩感謝日本太鼓祭（三重県伊勢市）
• Early September: Shinon Kansha Nihon Taiko-matsuri Festival (Japanese Drum Festival for thanksgiving to the gods' blessings) (Ise City, Mie Prefecture)

• 10月下旬：和太鼓フェスティバル（四街道市）
• Late October: Wadaiko Festival (Japanese Drum Festival) (Yotsukaido City)

• 使用する楽器は神楽笛、篳篥、筝、太鼓である。
• Musical instruments used are: kagurabue flute, hichiriki (double reed Japanese flute), koto (Japanese harp), and taiko (Japanese drum).

• 太鼓と「口説き」と呼ばれる唄に合わせて踊る。
• People dance to the drumbeat and the lyrics, which are called 'kudoki.'

• 下田市の太鼓台　下田太鼓の車輪つきの太鼓台。
• The taikodai in Shimoda City is wheeled, placing a Shimoda-daiko.

• 両端が太く、中央が細いものは鼓棒と呼ばれる。
• Staffs with thick edges and a thin center are called kobo.

• 大鼓は本来小鼓の連調から生まれた楽器である。
• The otsuzumi originated from a kotsuzumi (shoulder drum) ensemble.

• 無段一節、鼓はノリ拍子、笛はアシライを吹く。
• It made up of no act and one melody part and, the tsuzumi player plays noribyoshi and the fue player plays Ashirai.
• It is made up of no act and one melody part and the tsuzumi player plays noribyoshi, the fue player, Ashirai.

• 河内地域では大太鼓・小太鼓・鉦などを用いる。
• In the Kawachi Region, large drums, small drums and sho are used.

• 親を思う狐の心に感じ入った義経は鼓を与える。
• Yoshitsune, impressed by the heart of the fox which cares about its parents, gives that tsuzumi.

• その親太鼓を叩くバチは、カシ、ヒノキが多い。
• The stick to hit the oyadaiko is often made from oak and Japanese cypress.

• 喪儀司 - 808年、兵部省の鼓吹司に統合。
• Sogishi (Ministry of Funerals): consolidated into Kusuishi (Drums and Fifes Office) of Hyobusho (Ministry of Military) in 808.

• 1998年に一子相伝の秘曲「狸腹鼓」を披く。
• In 1998, he performed 'Tanuki no Harazutsumi,' a secret music handed down from father to only son.

• 生きている限り、心臓は鼓動を決して止めない。
• As long as we live, our heart never stops beating.

• 「この太鼓の音を聞くことは、二度とねぇやな」
• 'You will never hear the tom-tom again,'

• 異常に急速な鼓動（1分につき100拍子以上）
• abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute)

• 最寄り駅は南京地下鉄一号線、鼓楼・農業銀行駅。
• The closest subway station is Drum Tower and Agricultural Bank Station on Nanjing Subway Line 1.

• 古来の城や都市にあった太鼓櫓もそれに類似する。
• Taiko yagura (drum towers) in ancient castles and cities are similar to taiko-ro towers.

• しかし、太鼓櫓という場合は、簡易なものも含む。
• However, taiko yagura includes the ones with simple structures.

• 太鼓台（たいこだい）とは、下記のとおりである。
• The Japanese word 'taikodai' can be used to refer to either of the following.

• 同じく女装した男性が太鼓を打ち叩き浮かれ踊る。
• Also men wearing female clothing beat the drum and dances.

• 鼓や笛といった鳴り物付きで唄われることが多い。
• Hauta is often sung with such musical instruments as tsuzumi (hand drum) and fue (Japanese flute).

• これらは総じて細腰鼓 (さいようこ)呼ばれる。
• These drums are collectively referred to as Saiyoko (waist drum contracted in the middle).

• 呉鼓 (くれのつづみ)として伎楽に用いられた。
• It was used as Kure no tsuzumi (Wu drum) for gigaku (an ancient pantomime in which performers wear masks).

• 葛野流（かどの-りゅう）は能楽大鼓方の一流儀。
• Kadono school is one of the schools of otsuzumi-kata (large hand drum players) in Nohgaku (the art of Noh).

• 劇場では七つ時（午前4時）に一番太鼓をいれた。
• The theatre first beat a drum at four in the morning.

• 太鼓腹に相手を乗せての櫓投げを得意としていた。
• He put his opponent on his potbelly and did a Yaguranage (inner thigh throw), which was his specialty.

• 愛も悲しみも入り乱れた胸の鼓動が聞こえてくる。
• All love and sadness melt in my heart.

• とライアンズ氏が飲んで舌鼓を打ってから言った。
• said Mr. Lyons, after drinking and smacking his lips.

• 外耳を検査するのに用いられる（耳道と特に鼓膜）
• used for examining the external ear (the auditory meatus and especially the tympanic membrane)

• 速い速度で続けて打たれた太鼓（特に小太鼓）の音
• the sound of a drum (especially a snare drum) beaten rapidly and continuously

• 別途料金を支払えば鐘と太鼓を鳴らすことができる。
• You can ring the bell and beat the drum for an additional fee.

• 羯鼓、楽太鼓、鉦鼓、笙、篳篥、龍笛、楽琵琶、楽箏
• Kakko drum, Gakudaiko drum, Shoko drum, Sho flute, Hichiriki instrument, Ryuteki flute, Gakubiwa instrument, Gakuso koto

• 型ぶりに反して全体に小鼓より高く澄んだ音を出す。
• Surprisingly for its size and shape, the sound emitted is clearer and higher than the small hand drum.

• 雅楽では楽太鼓と呼ばれ、舞台の正面に構えられる。
• In court music, the Japanese drums called gaku-daiko (a flat drum beaten by two sticks) are facing the stage.

• 8月：岡谷太鼓祭り（岡谷市）（2006年は中止）
• August: Okaya Japanese Drum Festival (Okaya City) (stopped in 2006)

• 不定期：茨城の太鼓（茨城県内各地で持ち回り開催）
• Held irregularly: Ibaraki-no-Taiko (Japanese Drums of Ibaraki), various groups from Ibaraki Prefecture take turns performing on the stage

• 7月上旬：小倉祇園太鼓（福岡県北九州市小倉北区）
• Early July: Kokura Gion Daiko drum performance (held in Kokurakita Ward, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture)

• 大太鼓（おお だいこ）、祭太鼓（まつり だいこ）
• O-daiko, Matsuri-daiko

• このほか「三曲萬歳」では三味線、胡弓、鼓をいう。
• Besides, in 'sankyoku manzai' (a comic dialogue accompanied by sankyoku), the instruments used are shamisen, kokyu and tsuzumi (hand drum).

• 能の場合、小鼓と大鼓は床机（しょうぎ）を用いる。
• In Noh plays, Kotsuzumi and Otsuzumi use Shogi (folding stool).

• 大鼓方高安流は金剛流の座付きとして活躍した流儀。
• The Otsuzumi-kata Takayasu school has played exclusively for the Kongo school.

• 近世後期からは「幸流大鼓」の名によって呼ばれた。
• They were called 'Ko-ryu otsuzumi' (literally, 'large hand drum of the Ko school') from the later early-modern period onwards.

• 石井流（いしい-りゅう）は、能楽大鼓方の一流儀。
• Ishii school is one of the schools of otsuzumi-kata (large hand drum players) in Nohgaku (the art of Noh).

• ときには太鼓の鋲の部分を打つ（叩く）こともある。
• They sometimes hit the tack part of the drum.

• 親太鼓は、ビヤ樽型でケヤキの彫りぬき胴体をもつ。
• Oyadaiko, which is a beer keg shape, has a body carved from a zelkova tree.

• 多紀連山では、鼓峠が最も標高の低い分水嶺である。
• Tsuzumi Pass is the drainage divide at the lowest altitude in Taki mountain range.

• 和太鼓・ホラガイの他にも梵鐘や銅鑼などを用いた。
• Besides the Japanese taiko drums and conch shells, bonsho (temple bells) and gongs were used.

• 「インディアン達が勝ったら、太鼓をうちならすよ。
• 'If the redskins have won,' he said, 'they will beat the tom-tom;

• 釈迦如来のほか、阿しゅく如来や天鼓雷音如来が結ぶ。
• It is assumed by Ashuku Nyorai (Immovable Buddha) or Tenkuraion Nyorai (or Divyadundubhimeganirghosa, literally, Buddha of Thunderous Sound of the Heavenly Drum) besides Shakyamuni Nyorai.

• 太鼓なしの囃子を三拍子、太鼓を含むと四拍子と呼ぶ。
• Noh music accompaniment without the side drum is called 'triple time music (Sanbyoshi),' while Noh music accompaniment with the side drum is called 'quadruple time music (Yonbyoshi).'

• 以下では狭義の太鼓としての和太鼓に限定して述べる。
• The Japanese drum as a drum in the narrow sense only will be described as follows;

• 羯鼓(かっこ)は雅楽で使われる打楽器で、鼓の一種。
• Kakko is a percussion instrument used in gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music), and it is a kind of tsuzumi (a long hourglass drum).

• その形態によって小鼓、大鼓、太鼓、羯鼓などがある。
• They are divided into Kotsuzumi, Otsuzumi, Taiko (stick drum), and Kakko Drum by shape.

• 前後は呂中干ノ地があり、途中が鞨鼓独自の譜である。
• Ryochukan no ji scores are played before and after Kakko, and Kakko's own score is played in the middle.

• 狂言の舞事として、三段之舞、楽、神楽、鞨鼓がある。
• The mai-goto in Kyogen include Sandan no mai (a dance in three sections), Raku, Kagura and Kakko.

• 松風は大鼓前で床几に腰掛け、村雨はその後ろに座る。
• Matsukaze sits down on a shogi (a folding camp stool) in front of an otsuzumi (a big drum) and Murasame sits down behind her.

• その頃「チャカポン（茶・歌・鼓）」とあだ名された。
• Around this time, he was nicknamed 'Chakapon' (cha=tea, ka=poem, pon=hand drum).

• 能楽囃子大倉流大鼓、重要無形文化財総合認定保持者。
• He is the certified general holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property in Nogaku-hayashi (Japanese orchestra for Noh performance), Otsuzumi (large hand drum) of Okura school.

• 鼓楼 - 鐘楼と対称位置に建ち、階上に太鼓を置く。
• Drum tower: Stands on a site symmetrical to the Belfry and has a drum suspended in the upper part.

• 礼堂（重文） - 鼓楼の東にある南北に細長い建物。
• Rai-do Hall (a worship hall), an elongated structure running from north to south that stands to the east of Koro Tower.

• 医師は患者の心臓の鼓動と血圧をモニターで監視した。
• The doctor monitored the patient's heartbeat and blood pressure.

• 心臓の鼓動をコントロールする心臓組織の専門のビット
• a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat

• 非常に短い時間（瞬きするは心臓が鼓動する間ほどの）
• a very short time (as the time it takes the eye to blink or the heart to beat)

• 消化管（疝痛、鼓腸または腹痛）のガスを軽減するさま
• relieving gas in the alimentary tract (colic or flatulence or griping)

• 北魏～唐代の頃には宮殿内に鼓楼と共に配置されていた。
• From Northern Wei period to Tang Dynasty period, a shoro was placed together with a koro (a tower housing a drum) in the premises of a palace.

• 太鼓の代わりに鐘を釣るせば鐘櫓（かねやぐら）である。
• If a bell is used instead of a drum, it was called kane yagura.

• 唐物(鶴亀、邯鄲（かんたん）、 一角仙人、天鼓など)
• kara-mono (literally 'tale of Things Chinese') (such as 'Tsuru kame,' 'Kantan,' 'Ikkaku sennin,' 'Tenko')

• 曳山形　小倉祇園太鼓（福岡県）、秩父夜祭り（埼玉県）
• Hikiyama-gata (the style of shouldering and carrying Japanese drum): Kokura Gion Japanese Drum (Fukuoka Prefecture), Chichibu-yomatsuri Night Festival (Saitama Prefecture)

• 木魚の原型は禅で使われていた「魚板」（魚鼓）である。
• The original model of Mokugyo is 'gyoban' or 'gyoku' (wooden gong shaped like a fish) which was used in Zen.

• 性格はおのおの中之舞・楽に準じ、太鼓入りで奏される。
• Their features correspond to those of Chu no mai and Raku, respectively, and they are danced with drums as accompaniment.

• （シテになる小鼓方を頭取、残りの2名を脇鼓という。）
• (Kotsuzumi-kata who is Shite, or the protagonist, is called Todori, which means the chief, and the remaining two are named Waki-tsuzumi, which stands for side hand-drum players.)

• 通常は一段二節で、鼓はノリ拍子、笛はアシライを吹く。
• Usually, it is made up of one act or segment and two melody parts and the tsuzumi player plays noribyoshi (one of three types of Nori, the overall tempo and rhythm of a Noh or Kyogen when referring to in-rhythm chants, onori) and the fue player plays Ashirai (relatively subtle accompaniment).

• 威徳流（いとくりゅう）は能楽大鼓方の廃絶した一流儀。
• The Itoku school is an extinct school of otsuzumi-kata (large hand drum players) in Nohgaku (the art of Noh).

• 静の問い掛けに、自分は鼓にされた狐の狐の子だという。
• At the question of Shizuka, he replies that he is a child of the foxes which were used to make that tsuzumi.

• 雷公（雷の太鼓つり） ※　：「雷神姿かたち」を参照。
• Rai-ko (Duke Thunder) (the god of thunder trying to catch a drum) * see also 'Raijin sugata katachi.'

• すももケーキをあげる人もいて太鼓で街からたたき出す」
• Some gave them plum-cake and drummed them out of town.'

• でもアリスがこたえるより先に、太鼓が鳴り出しました。
• But before Alice could answer him, the drums began.

• 鼓膜を保護するためにピンと張った中耳にある小さな筋肉
• a small muscle in the middle ear that tenses to protect the eardrum

• 雄は高いピッチの持続低音を作る太鼓のような器官を持つ
• male has drum-like organs for producing a high-pitched drone

• 側面に金属製の円盤がついた、片側に皮を張った浅い太鼓
• a shallow drum with a single drumhead and with metallic disks in the sides

• 近年までは、時刻を知らせる為にも太鼓が使用されていた。
• Until recent years, the drum had been used to announce the time.

• これらの和太鼓集団は固定ファンを獲得したところも多い。
• A lot of these Japanese drum groups secure their loyal admirers in this way.

• 和太鼓、鉦、鐘、篳篥、横笛、ホラガイがこれに相当する。
• Such instruments include the Wadaiko (Japanese drums), Sho (gong), Kane (cymbals and bells), Hichiriki (Japanese traditional recorders), Yokobue (Japanese flutes) and Horagai (trumpet shells).

• 宮増は大和猿楽の各座で鼓方を担当していた一族であった。
• Miyamasu was a family in charge of hand drum playing in each troupe of Yamato Sarugaku.

• 太鼓方観世流（一名・観世左吉流）は観世座座付の太鼓方。
• Taiko-kata Kanze-ryu (another name, Sakichi KANZE-ryu) is taiko-kata working in Kanze-za.

• お太鼓を結び上げた状態では遠目には袋帯と区別しにくい。
• When it is fastened in otaiko knot (drum knot), it is hardly distinguished from the fukuro obi (double-woven obi) from a distance.

• 小鼓方大倉流は金春流座付きとして活躍した小鼓方の流儀。
• Kotsuzumi-kata of Okura school is a school of kotsuzumi-kata which performed exclusively as the accompanist of Konparu school.

• 大鼓方大倉流は金春流座付きとして活躍した大鼓方の流儀。
• Otsuzumi-kata of Okura school is a school of otsuzumi-kata which performed as the accompanist of Konparu school.

• 摂津地域では、親太鼓・雄鉦・雌鉦・子太鼓などを用いる。
• In the Settsu Region, oyadaiko (parent drum), osho (male gong), mesho (female gong) and kodaiko (child drum) are used.

• 作原鼓の上半分が破壊される前の唐拓は発見されていない。
• The rubbed copy in the Tang period, which was taken before the upper portion of Zuo-yuan-gu was destroyed is not found.

• 『松浦の太鼓』（まつうらの たいこ）は、歌舞伎の演目。
• 'Matsu-ura no Taiko' (The drum of Matsu-ura) a play of kabuki.

• また、太鼓楼などが橿原市指定の文化財に指定されている。
• Taikoro (drum tower) and other buildings are also designated as cultural properties by Kashihara City.

• 京都時代祭行列で維新勤王隊列の鼓笛隊としても知られる。
• They are also known for their role as flute- and drum-players as part of the imperial loyalist troop in the procession of the Kyoto Jidai Matsuri (the Festival of the Ages in Kyoto).

• 後、師高橋節之助の勧めにより葛野流大鼓を東正親に師事。
• Later he followed the recommendation of his master Setsunosuke TAKAHASHI, and learned Kadono-ryu Otsuzumi (large hand drum player of the Kadono school) from Masachika AZUMA.

• 祐経が鼓を打ち、千手が琵琶を弾き、重衡が横笛を吹いた。
• Suketsune beat tsuzumi (hand drum), Senju played the biwa (Japanese lute), and Shigehira played oteki (transverse flute).

• 五大とは伏見、笠間、祐徳、竹駒、そして太鼓谷といわれる
• The other four include Fushimi, Kasama, Yutoku, and Takekoma.

• 航空業務に支障を来すおそれのある鼓膜の異常がないこと。
• A person shall not have eardrum abnormality that may disrupt flight operation.

• 心臓の心耳の異常に速い鼓動（特に通常のリズムにおいて）
• abnormally rapid beating of the auricles of the heart (especially in a regular rhythm)

• 後者は、団扇太鼓等が該当し、日蓮宗等で用いることがある。
• The latter type includes the round fan drum, and is used by the Nichiren sect.

• 皮は胴に鋲を用いて留められている（鋲打太鼓）ことが多い。
• In many cases, the hide is fixed onto the trunk with tacks (tack-fixed Japanese drum).

• 11月中旬：日本太鼓ジュニアコンクール東京大会（品川区）
• Mid November: Nippon Taiko Junior Contest in Tokyo (Japanese Drum Contest for Young People in Tokyo) (Shinagawa Ward)

• カツ丼専門店「祭太鼓」（大阪市）のメニューの一つにある。
• It is one of the dishes served by 'Matsuridaiko,' a restaurant specializing in katsudon (in Osaka City).

• 主に香川県西部～愛媛県東部の秋季大祭で使用される太鼓台。
• The chose is a taikodai used for the autumn grand festival in the area of western Kagawa prefecture to eastern Ehime Prefecture.

• 総重量は１ｔ程度までで他地域の太鼓台と比べ総じて小ぶり。
• The senzairaku is generally smaller in size than that of other areas, with gross weights of less than 1t.

• 腰鼓は腰に下げる細腰鼓で、日本には7世紀初めに伝わった。
• The waist drums (Yoko) is a Saiyoko hanging from one's waist, and came down to Japan at the early seventh century.

• 小鼓方観世流（一名・観世新九郎流）は観世座座付の小鼓方。
• Kotsuzumi-kata Kanze-ryu (Shinkuro KANZE-ryu) is the kotsuzumi-kata working in Kanze-za.

• 大鼓方観世流（旧名・宝生錬三郎派）は宝生座座付の大鼓方。
• Otsuzumi-kata of Kanze-ryu (former name Renzaburo HOSHO school) is otsuzumi-kata working in Hosho-za.

• 特に十五世観世元規は明治期を代表する太鼓方として名高い。
• Especially Motomori KANZE, the 15th, was famed as the taiko-kata in Meiji era.

• そのため能楽の大鼓方では、小鼓方から分かれた流儀が多い。
• Therefore, many methods of the Nohgaku otsuzumikata came from the Kotsuzumikata.

• 序がより荘厳に変化した真之序之舞（太鼓入りのみ）もある。
• In Shin no jo no mai (always accompanied on drums), the jo becomes more stately.

• 京菓子處　鼓月として全国の直営店や百貨店に展開している。
• They deploy their directly-managed stores named Kyogashi-dokoro Kogetsu and also have a number of stores with the same name at department stores throughout the country.

• また大鼓方にも幸流と呼ばれる流儀があった（威徳流参照）。
• Also, the otsuzumi-kata (large hand drum players) performers used to have a school called Ko school (see Itoku school).

• そこに、砧を打つ音がきこえてくる（舞台では鼓での演奏）。
• The sound of pounding a kinuta is then heard (tsuzumi performance on the stage).

• 出土当時より、石鼓がいつ刻まれたのか議論は尽きなかった。
• Since the time when sekkobun was excavated, the discussion on the time when sekko had been inscribed continued endlessly.

• 吾水鼓(5字15行・20句)冒頭「吾水既瀞」に由来する。
• Wu-shui-gu (20 poems each including 15 lines of five characters): This name is originated from the head portion of it, 'wu-shui-ji-qing'.

• 呉人鼓(8字9行・句数不明)冒頭「呉人憐亟」に由来する。
• Wo-ren-gu (the number of poems unknown each including nine lines of eight characters): This name is originated from 'wo-ren-ling-ji' at the head.

• 草香津まで退き、盾を並べて雄叫びをあげて士気を鼓舞した。
• They retreated to Kusakatsu and lined up shields and raised a war cry to raise morale.

• また涅槃経には、毒鼓の縁という有名なたとえ話が説かれる。
• Additionally, there is a famous allegorical story called Dokku no En in the Nehan-gyo Sutra (the Sutra of the Great Nirvana).

• 徳川慶喜は全軍を鼓舞した直後、軍艦開陽丸にて江戸へ脱走。
• Straight after encouraging all the troops, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA escaped to Edo on the battleship Kaiyomaru.

• 壁上には軍中の法度書を掲げ、また太鼓、銅鑼などを掛けた。
• A document of hatto (law, ban) was attached on the wall, and a drum and a gong were also placed on the wall.

• 音阿弥の弟・弥三郎に師事し、はじめ大鼓方をつとめていた。
• He learned to play Otsuzumi (hourglass-shaped Japanese large hand drum) under the instruction of Yasaburo, a younger brother of Onami, and started his career as an Otsuzumi kata (Otsuzumi player).

• 神事での太鼓、謝肉祭での笛や鐘、太鼓などはその例である。
• Examples of the power of sound include the drums used during Shinto rituals and the flutes, bells, and drums used during carnivals.

• 鉦や太鼓で探しあてた割には、あいつ期待はずれだったよな。
• He turned out to be a real disappointment after we went through hell and high water to find him.

• 鼓膜への外科的切開（圧力を軽減するか、膿を中耳から出す）
• surgical incision into the eardrum (to relieve pressure or release pus from the middle ear)

• 単なる彼女の考えが彼を苦しめ、彼の心臓の鼓動が早くなった
• The mere thought of her bothered him and made his heart beat faster

• 早朝に鐘を鳴らし、夕べには鼓を撃って「晨鐘暮鼓」と称した。
• The bell was rung early in the morning and the drum was beaten in the evening; this was referred to as 'shinsho boko' (morning bell and evening drum).

• 別名を「楽鉦鼓（がくしょうこ）」又は「釣り鉦鼓」とも呼ぶ。
• It is also called 'gaku-shoko' or 'tsurigane-shoko.'

• 据置形　福迅木太鼓踊（熊本県）、明神囃子（福井県）、盆踊り
• Sueoki-gata (the style with the drum placed on the floor): Fukujinki taiko-odori (Fukujinki Japanese Drum Dancing, Kumamoto Prefecture), Myojin-bayashi (Myojin Accompaniment, Fukui Prefecture), Bon Festival Dance

• 内部に太鼓が積まれており、太鼓に合わせて音頭をとって担ぐ。
• A drum is placed inside the taikodai, which is carried by participants in the parade who call in unison with the drum beat.

• また、神輿に太鼓を結びつけ、その太鼓のみを打つ場合もある。
• Also, the drum is closely linked with Mikoshi portable festival shrines and is in some cases the only drum used.

• （見世物小屋や相撲、祭りの太鼓櫓・火の見櫓などの物見櫓等）
• (such as drum turrets seen at a show tent, a sumo performance, and a festival, and watchtowers including a fire watchtower.)

• 地方によっては、太鼓台や布団太鼓などをこう呼ぶ場合もある。
• In some local communities, danjiri refers to taikodai (a festival float in which a drum is fit inside) and futon-daiko (a big taikodai).

• 血縁・芸系の面では観世流小鼓方と交渉を保ちつづけたらしい。
• It seems that the group kept the connection with kotsuzumi-kata in Kanze-ryu with respect to blood relationship and performance style.

• また、かつては大鼓方にも金春流があったが明治期に廃絶した。
• There used to be Konparu school for the drummers, but it became extinct in the Meiji period.

• 義経はいぶかしむが、静が初音の鼓を叩くとまた忠信が現れた。
• Yoshitsune wonders if he is telling the truth, and when Shizuka makes a sound with the Hatsune no tsuzumi, Tadanobu appears again.

• おどろく其角らを尻目に太鼓の数を数える侯の顔は喜びに輝く。
• 侯's face beamed with joy counting the number of drums, not caring about Kikaku and Onui, who were amazed,

• ズンズンズン、というような巨大な動力機関の鼓動のようです。
• a thud-thud-thud, like the beating of some big engine;

• 下にある機械の鼓動はますます大きく抑圧的になってきました。
• The thudding sound of a machine below grew louder and more oppressive.

• 2枚の皮をもち、下の方の皮に響線が張りわたされた小さい太鼓
• a small drum with two heads and a snare stretched across the lower head

• 野蛮な輝きに対する欲求、ドラムスの凶暴性と色と鼓動のための
• a craving for barbaric splendor, for savagery and color and the throb of drums

• 歴史で述べるように世界に太鼓主体の音楽が生まれてこなかった。
• Historically, in the whole world except Japan, the drum was not born as the main constituent in music.

• 昔ながらの、生太鼓、生三味線、生音頭取りで踊るところもある。
• In some areas, the folk song for the dance is performed with a live drum, a live shamisen (three-string Japanese banjo) and a live caller, just as it was in the past.

• この後、清めの太鼓として、呼び出し連が土俵を3周して終わる。
• Then, several yobidashi walk around the dohyo three times as Kiyome no taiko.

• 幇間は別名「太鼓持ち（たいこもち）」、「男芸者」などと言う。
• Hokan is also called 'taikomochi' (professional jester, professional entertainer, comedian, buffoon), or 'otoko geisha' (male geisha).

• ついで面をかぶり赤い頭をかぶった童子2人が大鼓を持って舞う。
• And two boys in masks and red hoods dance with drums.

• 本狂言-釣狐、花子_(狂言)、狸腹鼓、庵の梅、枕物狂、比丘貞
• Hon Kyogen (played independently, this normally is the one generally called Kyogen): Tsuri Kitsune (Fox Trapping), Hanago (Visiting Hanago) (Kyogen), Tanuki no Haratsuzumi (a story of a raccoon and a huntsman), Iori no Ume (Ume at a Nun's Hut), Makuramono Gurui (An Old Man's Love), Bikusada (Bikusada Gets Named)

• 大鼓は能楽の職掌のうちでももっとも役者数の不足に悩んでいる。
• Among the Nogaku performers, otsuzumi players are most shorthanded.

• 鳴物小鼓は連調することが一般的だが、大鼓は必ず一人で奏する。
• There is always only one otsuzumi player while there are usually at least two kotsuzumi players for kabuki music accompaniment.

• 初世以来観世流の芸系に属し、金春流の太鼓とはまったく異なる。
• It has belonged to the methods and style of the Kanze school since the founder, and is completely different from the drums of the Konparu school.

• 中村鴈治郎 (初代)のお家芸、『松浦の太鼓』とほぼ同じ設定。
• It is a specialty of Ganjiro NAKAMURA (the first), and its content is almost the same as that of 'Matsuura no Taiko' (The Drum in Matsuura).

• 芸術に傾倒した徽宗の勅命により、石鼓はすべて開封に運ばれた。
• Due to a formal order of HUI Song who was an ardent admirer of fine art, sekko was all transported to Kai-feng.

• 自ら抜刀して敵陣へ向かい、大声で配下の将兵を鼓舞したという。
• It is said he himself left for the enemy's territory with a sword and inspirited officers and soldiers under his command loudly.

• 1931年　囃子方大鼓方観世元継の長男として東京に生まれる。
• Born in Tokyo 1931; eldest son of Mototsugu KANZE.

• 形は蒲鉾型、ラグビーボール型、球型、星型、太鼓型などがある。
• There are some different shapes for company logo indicating lamps, hog-backed, rugby-ball shaped, round, star-shaped, drum-shaped, etc.

• その間、芳一は全身が胸の鼓動するにつれて震えるのを感じた――
• during which Hoichi felt his whole body shake to the beating of his heart,--

• 僧侶たちが一列に並び、単調な太鼓を鳴らしながら進んでいった。
• Priests were passing in processions, beating their dreary tambourines;

• 心臓の自然な鼓動の機能を代わりにするために埋め込んだ電子装置
• an implanted electronic device that takes over the function of the natural cardiac pacemaker

• 鼓膜または中耳の骨における外科的整復、治療、異常あるいは負傷
• surgical correction or repair of defects or injuries in the eardrum or the bones of the middle ear

• 音の打ちわけはほぼ小鼓と同様だが、音色の種類は小鼓より少ない。
• Although the striking sound is almost similar to the small hand drum, the types of different tones are less than those of the small hand drum.

• 太鼓は、いわゆる締太鼓のことで、構造は基本的に鼓とかわらない。
• The side drum, or the so-called 'tight side drum,' has basically the same structure as the hand drum.

• 社寺、公共施設等によくあり、多くの太鼓の団体がこれを演奏する。
• This is often found in temples, shrines or communal facilities, and many drum organizations perform with this.

• 伊福部昭：『日本の太鼓「ジャコモコ・ジャンコ」』（1984年）
• Isao MATSUSHITA: 'Drumming of Japan JAKOMOKO JANKO' (1984)

• 仮面をつけた演者が、鉦、太鼓、笛の囃子に合わせ、無言で演じる。
• The performers wear masks during the performance and have no spoken parts, and are accompanied by a small instrumental ensemble including a gong, a drum, and a Japanese flute (the ensemble is called a 'hayashi').
• Performers wear masks and perform to a musical accompaniment played using gongs, drums and flutes without saying a word.

• 静もようやく追いつくが義経は初音の鼓を与え、静を置去りにする。
• Shizuka finally catches up with them, but Yoshitsune gives her the Hatsune no tsuzumi and leaves her there.

• 地車囃子は、親太鼓、雄鉦・雌鉦、子太鼓の４人一組で演奏される。
• Danjiri-bayashi is played by a group consisting of four players who play oyadaiko, two gongs called male gong and female gong and kodaiko (a small drum).

• 父は近藤乾三、母は小鼓方大倉流宗家大倉六蔵の二女・喜久の長男。
• His father is Kenzo KONDO and his mother is Kiku's oldest son who is the second daughter of Rokuzo OHKURA, the head of kotsuzumi-gata (shoulder-drum) Ohkura school.

• 隣の鼓楼（舎利殿）に安置された仏舎利を礼拝するための堂である。
• It is a structure in which people pray before the ashes of Buddha enshrined in Koro Tower (Shariden Hall).

• ぐっと飲んだ彼は決然たる舌鼓を打ち、グラスを下に置いて言った。
• When he had drunk he smacked his lips decisively, set down his glass and said:

• スメーはすでに太鼓を見つけていて、今はその上に座っていました。
• Now Smee had found the tom-tom, and was at that moment sitting on it.

• ところが鼓動はどんどん大きく高くなっていくではありませんか！　
• But the beating grew louder, louder!

• 小鼓、大鼓、太鼓はこれを演奏する場合には掛け声をかけながら打つ。
• Small hand drums, big drums and side drums are struck while shouting a cheer.

• 太鼓は獅子や鬼など超自然的威力のあるシテが現れる際に用いられる。
• The side drum (taiko) is used in the scene when a protagonist (shite) with supernatural powers, such as a liondog or demon appears.

• 中世に入ると、田楽などの発達などによって、お囃子太鼓が隆盛した。
• Entering the Medieval Period, with the development of dengaku (ritual field music), the Japanese drum for musical accompaniment became popular.

• 楽太鼓（がく たいこ）、大太鼓（だだいこ）、釣太鼓（つりだいこ）
• Gaku-daiko, Da-daiko, Tsuri-daiko

• 舁き山の太鼓台は、瀬戸内海沿岸を中心に西日本一帯で多く見られる。
• The taikodai in the kakiyama type can often be seen in western Japan, especially in the coast area of the Seto Inland Sea.

• 打楽器：太鼓　小鼓（しょうこ）　雲鑼（うんら）　壇板（だんばん）
• The percussion instruments were the Taiko, Shoko, Unra and Danban.

• 義経に、千年の劫を経た雄狐・雌狐の皮を張った初音の鼓を託される。
• She was commended with a Hatsune no tsuzumi (hand drum) made with the skins of male and female foxes that had lived for a thousand years of kalpa by Yoshitsune.

• 同年6月21日に近江国竹生島宝厳寺に雷雲蒔絵鼓胴を奉納している。
• On July 20 of the same year, he dedicated Raiun makie kodo (a kind of percussion instrument having Japanese lacquer sprinkled with gold or silver powder) to Hogon-ji Temple in Chikubushima Island, Omi Province.

• 鼓楼（国宝） - 金堂・講堂の東側に建つ、小規模な2階建の建物。
• Koro Tower (national treasure), a small two-story structure that stands to the east of the Kon-do Hall and the Kodo Hall.

• 勢いづいた三味線や太鼓の音が近所から、彼の一人の心に響いて来た。
• The sounds of lively shamisen guitars and taiko drums from the neighborhood beat against his solitary heart.

• 太鼓の音で兵隊達が奮い立つように、その音は私の怒りを煽るのです。
• It increased my fury, as the beating of a drum stimulates the soldier into courage.

• 3階には昔の鼓楼の写真が展示されており昔の南京を伺うことができる。
• Old photographs of the Drum Tower are displayed on the third floor, which recall Nanjing in the past.

• 和太鼓は、一般的に非常に残響が良く響き、余韻が残る音を特徴とする。
• Generally, a Japanese drum is characterized by a very distinct reverberation and a lingering sound.

• 据置形　御陣乗太鼓（石川県）、八丈太鼓（東京都）、鼓囃子（沖縄県）
• Sueoki-gata (the style with the drum placed on the floor): Gojinjo-daiko (Japanese Drum Formation, Ishikawa Prefecture), Hachijo-daiko (Tokyo metropolitan area), Tsuzumi-bayashi (drum accompaniment, Okinawa Prefecture).

• 太鼓は拍子を取るのに用いられるが、太鼓が無い場合は笏拍子を用いる。
• Drums are typically used to keep other instruments in time; if a drum is not available, shaku byoshi (clappers) can be used instead.

• 代々「新九郎」を名乗り、江戸時代は観世座小鼓方筆頭として活躍した。
• Each generation named 'Shinkuro' of Miyamasu played actively as the head of kotsuzumi-kata working in Kanze-za in the Edo Period.

• この後、清めの太鼓として、呼び出し連が土俵を3周して式典が終わる。
• After that, yobidashiren (sumo ushers who call the names of wrestlers, sweep a dohyo, and so on) walk around the dohyo three times while beating a drum as a purification ceremony before the finish of the rite.

• 作原鼓(7字11行・句数不明)石臼に転用された鼓で、詩は解読不能。
• Zuo-yuan-gu (the number of poems unknown each including 11 lines of seven characters): This gu is the one which was wrongly used as a stone mortar and the poems on it are impossible to read.

• 検非違使左衛門尉、鼓の名手で鼓判官（つづみのほうがん）と呼ばれた。
• He was a kebiishi (a police and judicial chief) and the saemon no jo (a secretary of the Left Division of Headquarters of the Outer Palace Guard) and he was good at tapping a tsuzumi (hand drum) and, therefore, called Tsuzumi no Hogan.

• 成田 達志（なりた たつし、1964年 -）は小鼓方幸流の能楽師。
• Tatsushi NARITA (1964-) is a Noh actor who plays kotsuzumi-kata (small hand drum player) in the Ko school.

• 飛田課長が、太鼓判を押した企画書ならクライアントも一発ＯＫだろう。
• When Tobita gives a plan his seal of approval, the client accepts it at first glance.

• しかしそれによって、彼の心臓の鼓動は、幾らか、確かさを取り戻した。
• But his heart ran a little firmer.

• 帰国の翌年には普勧坐禅儀を著し、只管打坐を専らとする宗風を鼓舞した。
• In the following year after coming back, he wrote Fukanzazengi (the first book written by Dogen after coming back to Japan, where the importance of Zen meditation is emphasized) and promoted the tradition of the sect which focused on Shikantaza.

• （ページ上部の写真の奥の鼓面が見えている太鼓の右側がこれにあたる。)
• (It is to the right side of the Japanese drum surface that can be seen in the background of the photograph in the upper part of the page.)

• 水墨画の好画題とされ、大きな袋を背負った太鼓腹の僧侶の姿で描かれる。
• He is a popular subject of Suibokuga (art painted with Japanese black ink) and expressed, in suibokuga, commonly as a paunchy Buddhist monk with a large bag on his back.

• 福島県や静岡県下田市、愛媛県西条市において曳き山の太鼓台が見られる。
• The taikodai in the hikiyama type is seen in Hukushima Prefecture, Shimoda City in Shizuoka Prefecture, and Saijo City in Ehime Prefecture.

• 正倉院蔵の〈弾弓散楽図〉には、鼓を桴や手で打つようすが描かれている。
• In the 'Dankyu Sangaku Zu' (the Dankyu bow with the ink paintings of ancient Chinese performing art of Sangaku) owned by Shoso-in Treasure Repository, the scene that Tsuzumi is beaten by bachi Beaters or hands is depicted.

• 太鼓方金春又右衛門流は、惣右衛門家の分家として活動した太鼓方の流儀。
• The Konparu Mataemon-ryu, Konparu Mataemon school was a method of drum performance by a branch of Soemon family.

• 人気のない夜の山奥から笛や太鼓などの神楽囃子の音が聞こえるともいう。
• It is also said that sound of 'kagurabayashi' (a musical sound of flute and drums) is heard from the deep mountains where no one is living.

• 鼓月の和菓子を提供する甘味処として、現在下記の3店舗を展開している。
• They currently have the following three tea shops where they provide their Japanese-style sweets.

• この時、歌舞伎では前述の大太鼓の音が「どんでんどんでん」と鳴り響く。
• At this moment in the Kabuki play, the large drum mentioned above beats 'Donden-donden.'

• 「・・・うぬが力の自慢顔、あかずの門をば腹太鼓、雷門の落ちるよな。」
• You look proud of your strength, treat an akazu-no-mon (gate that cannot be opened) as a haradaiko (patting on a paunch like a drum) and expect the Kaminari-mon (Thunder Gate) to fall.'

• 近世の例では、形状は全く女性と同じだが、紐先に「立鼓」の飾りはない。
• In the modern times there was an example of Noshi, which was the same style as for women, but without ryugo decorations at the end of the strings.

• 実際には赤穂浪士は合図の笛と鐘は用意したが、太鼓は持っていなかった。
• In reality, Ako Roshi brought a whistle for a signal but did not have a drum.

• 永長元年（1096年）の田楽においては、源重資らとともに小鼓を打つ。
• When dengaku (ritual music and dancing in shrines and temples) was performed in 1096, he played the kotsuzumi (small hand drum) with MINAMOTO no Shigesuke and others.

• 私の心臓は罪もなくて眠っている人の心臓のように穏やかに鼓動していた。
• My heart beat calmly as that of one who slumbers in innocence.

• 短く鋭い音の連続（太鼓をたたいたりドアをノックしたりして出るような）
• a series of short sharp taps (as made by strokes on a drum or knocks on a door)

• 鼓楼（ころう）は時報を告げるために用いられた楼閣で南京市のものが著名。
• A koro is a rokaku used for informing people the time, and the one in Nanjing City is famous.

• 南京城の鼓楼（ころう）は南京市鼓楼区 (南京市)の中心に位置している。
• The Drum Tower in Nanjing Castle is located in the center of Gulou district, Nanjing City.

• 複式複打法・・・多種の太鼓を多人数で演奏（俗に「組太鼓」とも呼ばれる）
• multiple drums, multiple drummers technique - various types of drums are struck by many drummers, commonly called 'Kumidaiko' (united Japanese drums).

• 石井真木：日本太鼓とオーケストラのための『モノプリズム』（1976年）
• Maki ISHI: 'Mono-prism' for the Japanese drum and orchestra (1976)

• また、風袋を両手にもつ風神、天鼓をめぐらした雷神の姿も極めて独創的だ。
• Moreover, the figures of the wind god with futai (packing) in both hands, and the thunder god with tenko (thunder drams) around are also very original.

• 室町時代の初めには、太鼓などをたたいて踊るようになったといわれている。
• It is said that people started dancing to the drumbeat at the beginning of the Muromachi period.

• 和太鼓（膜鳴楽器）や銅鑼（体鳴楽器）などの打楽器を演奏する際に用いる。
• Bachi are used to play percussion instruments such as Wadaiko drums (membranophone) or dora (gongs) (idiophone).

• 狂言の働事には、大小物の「舞働」と「責メ」、太鼓物の「カケリ」がある。
• There are 'maibataraki' and 'seme' (a play of Enma, a devil or Oni, an ogre accusing a sinner to the hell) in Daishomono and 'kakeri' in Taikomono in Hataraki-goto for Kyogen.

• このため流儀の特色を失い、以後は幸流のアシライ鼓として終始したらしい。
• It is believed that this made this school lose their own characteristics, and subsequently, they had been just playing ashirai tsuzumi (accompanying hand drum) for the Ko school.

• 宣安は大鼓方から出て、一流を築き、当時の立会能で活躍した名人であった。
• Nobuyasu, who turned from otsuzumi-kata and established his own school, was a master who actively performed in the Noh competitions called Tachiai Noh of the time.

• 二番太鼓を打ち上げて「翁渡し」（式三番）を舞い、脇狂言、本狂言となる。
• With the second beating of the drum, 'Okinawatashi' ('shikisanban' or ceremonial dancing) was performed, followed by 'waki kyogen' (an auspicious play) and 'hon kyogen' (a main program of kyogen).

• 1946年　祖父の囃子方大鼓方十五世宗家観世元規が死去し、宗家を継承。
• In 1946, Motonobu KANZE's grandfather Motonori KANZE (15th generation performer of the large Japanese hand drum in musical ensembles accompanying Noh performances) died and subsequently, Motonobu succeeded his grandfather as head of the family.

• 現在、境内には本堂のほか、欅造の山門、太鼓楼、本堂裏に蓮如墓所がある。
• At present, the grounds house a sanmon gate (temple gate) made of Keyaki (zelkova), a Taikoro tower, as well as the main hall, behind which the Rennyo's grave is located.

• 太鼓を始めるように命令を伝えてまいれ」と王さまはボウシャに申しました。
• `go and order the drums to begin.'

• 遊廓（ゆうかく）で鳴らす太鼓（たいこ）が手に取るように聞（きこ）える。
• The drum playing in the tenderloin reached our ears distinctively.

• これこそは自分が待ち望む人物だ、という確信で、胸の鼓動が速くなる……。
• It came to Granice in a wild thrill of conviction that this was the face he had waited for. . .

• 右手が自由に小太鼓を打つ間、左手で演奏される小さなフィップル・フルート
• a small fipple flute that is played with the left hand while the right hand is free to beat a tabor

• 刺激伝導障害のために鼓動がうまく調節できず、しばしば失神発作を繰り返す
• recurrent sudden attacks of unconsciousness caused by impaired conduction of the impulse that regulates the heartbeat

• 現在は鼓楼公園として整備され、公園に隣接する区域は鼓楼広場となっている。
• Now the area is a park, and the Drum Tower (Gulou) Park and the site adjacent to the park is Drum Tower Square; a public square.

• 日本でも、太鼓楼として寺院や神社などの宗教施設敷地内に見ることができる。
• Also in Japan, drum towers referred to as taiko-ro tower can be seen inside religious institutions such as temples and shrines.

• 撥（バチ）で叩くものを太鼓と呼び、手で叩くものは鼓（つづみ）と呼ばれる。
• A drum beaten with a drumstick is called 'taiko' (Japanese drum) and a drum beaten by the hands is called 'tsuzumi' (a hand drum).

• 楽節の終わりごとに太鼓の一撃が入り、楽曲全体を統率する重要な要素である。
• One stroke of the Japanese drum sounds whenever the scene is ended, so it is an important element that leads the entire music.

• 前者は宮太鼓、桶胴太鼓などで、音量が大きく低音がよく響くのが特徴である。
• The former type includes the imperial drum and the tub drum, and is characterized by loud volume and low pitched sound.

• 松下功：和太鼓とオーケストラのための協奏曲『飛天遊』（1993-94年）
• Isao MATSUSHITA: 'Hi-Ten Yu' a concerto for the Japanese drum and orchestra (1993 - 1994)

• 特に打掛などに、紅葉、火炎太鼓、鳥兜を扱ったものは紅葉賀模様と称される。
• In particular, patterns incorporating fall leaves, drums and torikabuto are called Momiji no Ga (the autumn excursion) patterns and are found on uchikake (long outer robe).

• 1人が1匹を担当し、それぞれが腹にくくりつけられた太鼓を打ちながら舞う。
• In the Furyu school, one person performs one lion, and each person does the dance beating the drum tied to its belly.

• 岡山県南西部の秋祭りに繰り出す太鼓台は千歳楽（せんざいらく）と呼ばれる。
• The taikodai carried in parades of the autumn festivals in the southwestern area of Okayama Prefecture is called 'senzairaku.'

• もとは一座の鼓方のうち上位の者が小鼓を打ち、下位の者が大鼓をあしらった。
• In the beginning, among the drum players of the company, the player of the upper post beat the kotsuzumi and the player of the lower post handled otsuzumi.

• 鼓月（こげつ）は、京都市伏見区に本社を置く京菓子の製造と販売をする会社。
• Kogetsu is a Kyo-gashi (Kyoto style confectionary) manufacturing and sales company whose headquarters is located in Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City.

• 江戸時代には金春流の座付きとして活躍し、大鼓方大倉流をアシライ鼓とした。
• The school actively performed as the accompanist of Konparu school in the Edo period, and it used otsuzumi-kata of Okura school as ashirai tsuzumi (accompanying hand drum).

• 石鼓は伝世の石碑ではなく出土品であるため、出土した時から破損が見られた。
• Sekko is not a stone monument which was handed down but an item which was excavated and, therefore, sekko had been damaged when it was excavated.

• 大序仙洞御所の段　義経に後白河法皇から、合戦の恩賞に初音の鼓が下される。
• Daijo (prologue) section of Sento Imperial PalaceCloistered Emperor Goshirakawa gives a Hatsune no tsuzumi to Yoshitsune, as reward grants of the battle.

• これらのなかで、もっとも自由な演奏（音楽表現）ができるのは親太鼓である。
• Oyadaiko have the most freedom (of musical expression) of these instruments.

• そのあと、早舞の太鼓にのり早足でさっさと花道を退場することになっている。
• After that Mitsuhide exits quickly through the hanamichi (passage through the audience) to the rhythm of an up-tempo drum roll.

• 大倉 正之助（おおくら しょうのすけ、1955年 -）は、大倉流大鼓方。
• Shonosuke OKURA (1955 -) is an otsuzumi kata (large hand drum player) of Okura school.

• 空気をのみこむこと（通常、その後げっぷをすること、不快さと鼓腸が起こる）
• swallowing air (usually followed by belching and discomfort and flatulence)

• 管絃の合奏の中心となる楽器は、一般的に三管、三鼓、両絃の8種類といわれる。
• The major instruments of Kangen music played in concert generally consisted of eight kinds, including three winds, three drums and two strings.

• 舁山形　つがいだんじり（兵庫県）、天神祭催太鼓（大阪府）、古川祭（岐阜県）
• Katugiyama-gata (the style of carrying on a pedestal): Tsugai-danjiri (Hyogo Prefecture), Tenjin-sai Festival Moyoshi-daiko (Osaka Prefecture), Furukawa-matsuri Festival (Gifu Prefecture)

• 「羽衣」のような太鼓入りと「江口」「井筒 (能)」のような大小物とがある。
• There are mai accompanied on drums such as 'Hagoromo' (Celestial Feather Robe), and dai-sho mono such as 'Eguchi' (literally, Mouth-of-Sound) and 'Izutsu' (The Well Head).

• （近世中期ごろまで、小鼓方が大鼓方を指導するのはごく一般的なことであった）
• (Until the middle of early-modern times, it had been not unusual that kotsuzumi players taught otsuzumi players how to play drums.)

• また、一時大鼓方威徳流が幸流のアシライ鼓となって幸流と呼ばれたことがある。
• Once the Itoku school of otsuzumi-kata became part of the Ko school by performing as ashirai tsuzumi (accompanying hand drum), which was also called Ko school.

• 長らく小鼓方大倉流のアシライ鼓であったため、手組みはもっとも同流に適する。
• As it had long been the ashirai tsuzumi of kotsuzumi-kata of Okura school, its tegumi is the most suitable one for the said school.

• 霊雨鼓(6字11行・18句)冒頭は破損して第2句の「霊雨□□」で称される。
• Ling-yu-gu (18 poems each including 11 lines of six characters): The head portion is broken and this one is named by 'ling-yu-kou-kou' in the second poem.

• 而師鼓(6字11行・17句)半数の字が満遍なく破損しており、詩は解読不能。
• Er-shi-gu (17 poems each including 11 lines of six characters): A half of the characters are evenly broken and the poem is impossible to read.

• 永正2年（1505年）、後に観世座に移籍する鼓の名人・宮増弥左衛門に相伝。
• In 1505, it was handed down to Yazaemon MIYAMASU, who was a Tsuzumi (hand drum) master and later moved to Kanze-za.

• 15世宗家故大倉長十郎の長男として生まれ、小鼓方として父より稽古を受ける。
• He was born as the oldest son of late Chojuro OKURA, the fifteenth family head, and was trained by his father as a kotsuzumi-kata (small hand drum player).

• 歌をうたい、鼓を打て。良い音の琴と立琴とをかきならせ。 (詩篇 81:2)
• Raise a song, and bring here the tambourine, the pleasant lyre with the harp. (Psalms 81:2)

• 古来は、提灯に蝋燭を灯し、団扇太鼓を叩きながら、参詣する簡素なものであった。
• Originally, it was a simple event in which participants worshipped hoisting chochin with a candle lighted and beating uchiwa-daiko.

• 青銅製の鉦鼓が「架」にかけて使用されるのに対し、木鉦は通常おいて使用される。
• While bronze shoko are hung from a stand when in use, wooden sho are placed on the floor.

• このようなことから、太鼓台に女性が触れることを禁忌とする（した）地方も多い。
• For this reason, in many regions women are (were) restrained by the religious taboo from touching a taikodai.

• 鼓（つづみ）は日本特有の伝統的な楽器のひとつで、もっとも狭義には小鼓を指す。
• Tsuzumi (hand drum) is a traditional instrument unique to Japan, and refers to Kotsuzumi (small hand drum) in a narrow sense.

• 鬼鼓（おにつづみ） - 破壊の「能」力の1つで、手甲を鼓のように変化させる。
• Oni-tsuzumi (Ogre's drum): One of his destruction 'Noh' abilities, to transform his manifers into a drum-like shape.

• 木津三社祭り（木津町指定文化財（無形民俗）の登録名称は「木津布団太鼓台祭」）
• Kizu Sansha Matsuri Festival : Its registered name as the designated cultural asset of Kizu-cho (the intangible folk custom) is 'Kizu Futon Daikodai Matsuri Festival.'

• 太鼓谷稲成神社（島根県津和野町） - むしろ、当社は五大稲荷を名乗っている。
• Taikodani Inari-jinja Shrine (Tsuwano City, Shimane Prefecture): this shrine claims to be one of the five major Inari shrines (or temples).

• 彼らは手鼓と琴に合わせて歌い、笛の音によって楽しみ、 (ヨブ記 21:12)
• They sing to the tambourine and harp, and rejoice at the sound of the pipe. (Job 21:12)

• （３）どの階級の兵士も心を一つにして鼓舞されている軍隊を率いる人は勝ちます。
• (3) He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks.

• そのほかに、特殊な役割のある櫓、代表的なものでは太鼓櫓（たいこやぐら）がある。
• In addition, some yaguras might have a specific role, such as taiko (drum) yagura.

• 1重目を通常の櫓と同じように造り、2重目は窓を大きくし、太鼓が吊るしてあった。
• The first storey was made in the same way as a normal turret and the second storey had large windows and a hanging drum.

• シテの後に能囃子方（向かって右から、笛、小鼓、大鼓、太鼓）、後見が座っている。
• Behind the protagonist (Shite) is a traditional Noh musicians (facing from the right are a whistle, a small drum, a big drum, and a side base drum) and prompters are sitting.

• 舁山形　室津太鼓御輿（兵庫県）、徳山太鼓御輿（山口県）、阿蘇御田植祭（熊本県）
• Katugiyama-gata (the style of carrying on a pedestal): Murotsu taiko-mikoshi (Murotsu Japanese Drum Portable Shrine, Hyogo Prefecture), Tokuyama taiko-mikoshi (Tokuyama Japanese Drum Portable Shrine, Yamaguchi Prefecture), Aso ondaue-matsuri (Aso Crop Planting Festival, Kumamoto Prefecture)

• 5月中旬：太鼓フェスティバル＠神田祭（千代田区）（隔年開催、次回は2007年）
• Mid May: Japanese Drum Festival at Kanda Festival (Chiyoda District) (held every other year, next time is 2007)

• 越前萬歳と加賀萬歳はすり太鼓（小太鼓を細い竹の撥で擦るように鳴らす）を用いる。
• In Echizen manzai and Kaga manzai, a 'suri-daiko' (making a sound by scraping a kozutsumi with a thin bamboo plectrum) is used.

• この太鼓台という名称には、練り歩く際に太鼓の存在がどれほど重要かが現れている。
• The name of taikodai shows how important the presence of drum in festival parades is.

• 平安中期以降の田楽は鼓や鉦を中心とするものであったが、絵巻物には笛も見られる。
• Dengaku (a style of dancing and music performed in association with rice planting), which was created since the mid-Heian period, was performed mainly with tsuzumi (hand drums) and sho (鉦, gongs), but fue are seen in some picture scrolls.

• 韋応物の「石鼓歌」にも「風雨欠剥苔蘚渋(風雨に削られ苔に蒸す)」の描写がある。
• In 'Sekko-ka poems' by WEI Ying-wu, it was described as 'it was damaged by wind and rain and covered with moss'.

• 親太鼓の演奏では、バチを回転させるなどアクロバティックな動きをさせる人もいる。
• In the performance with oyadaiko, some players make acrobatic movements such as spinning around the sticks.

• そのほかにも和歌や鼓、禅、槍術、抜刀術を学ぶなど、聡明さを早くから示していた。
• He also showed intelligence from an early age, learning Waka (a traditional Japanese form of poetry with thirty-one syllables), Tsuzumi (hand drum), Zen, the art of the spearmanship, and batto-jutsu (the art of drawing a sword).

• 山本 孝（やまもと たかし、1936年9月18日 -）は大鼓方大倉流の能楽師。
• Takashi YAMAMOTO (September 18, 1936 -) is a Nohgakushi (Noh actor) playing stick drums of Okura-ryu school.

• 能の家の出身ではないが、弟の谷口有辞（本名・成田有辞）も大鼓方石井流の能楽師。
• Although he is not from the Noh family, but his younger brother Yuji TANIGUCHI (real name: Yuji NARITA) is also a Noh actor who plays otsuzumi-kata in the Ishii school.

• 15時、ハート型をした3,000枚のうちわが鼓楼より参拝者に向けばら撒かれる。
• At 3pm, from Koro Tower three-thousand heart-shaped fans are scattered and thrown to visitors.

• 天鼓雷音如来　北方（画面では左方）に位置し「涅槃」（悟りが完成すること）を表わす
• Tenkuraion Nyorai: The tathagata is depicted in the north (the left side of the Taizokai Mandala) as a symbol of 'Nehan' (completing spiritual enlightenment).

• 同じ作曲者の作品に日本太鼓のための『モノクローム』・『モノクロームII』もある。
• Among pieces from the same composer, there are also 'Monochrome' and 'Monochrome II' for the Japanese drum.

• 伊福部昭：『倭太鼓とオーケストラのためのロンド・イン・ブーレスク』（1983年）
• Akira IFUKUBE: 'Rond in Burlesque for Wa-daiko and Band' (1983)

• 図像に描かれるような太鼓腹の姿で、寺に住む訳でもなく、処処を泊まり歩いたという。
• It is said that paunchy Hotei having an appearance similar to that of suibokuga did not live in a Buddhist temple, but roved.

• 一鼓、二鼓、三鼓、四鼓は、日本に奈良時代、 唐楽(とうがく) 用として伝わった。
• Ikko drum, Ni no tsuzumi drum, San no tsuzumi drum, and Yon no tsuzumi drum came down to Japan for Togaku music in the Nara period.

• 太鼓物の通例として、シテの役柄はことごとく人間ではない「異類のもの」に限られる。
• As a general rule, the shite's role is limited to only ones of not human being but 'nonhuman being,' an unearthly things.

• 中国国民党は石鼓の台北輸送を断念して逃亡し、石鼓は無傷で中国共産党の手に渡った。
• The Kuomintang Party (Chinese Nationalist Party) gave up their transportation of sekko to Taipei and ran away and sekko was received by the Communist Party of China without any damage.

• 「太鼓だ、インディアンが勝ったんだ！」悪党たちはピーターのさけぶ声を聞きました。
• 'The tom-tom,' the miscreants heard Peter cry; 'an Indian victory!'

• 心臓の鼓動はしばらくの間、綿でくるんだときのような音をたてて鳴り続けていました。
• But, for many minutes, the heart beat on with a muffled sound.

• 太鼓のような音を出す沿岸の浅瀬海域や淡水産の小型から中型の水底にすむ食用・釣用魚
• small to medium-sized bottom-dwelling food and game fishes of shallow coastal and fresh waters that make a drumming noise

• 胎蔵界の北方、天鼓雷音如来（てんくらいおんにょらい）と同体であると考えられている。
• Fukujoju Nyorai is believed to be the same as Tenkuraion Nyorai (or Divyadundubhimeganirghosa, literally, Buddha of Thunderous Sound of the Heavenly Drum) in the north of Taizokai (Womb Realm).

• 仏教における鉦鼓は、単に鉦（かね・しょう）とも称され、金属（青銅）製のものを言う。
• The shoko in Buddhism is simply called kane or sho, and is made of a metal such as bronze.

• 楽太鼓または和太鼓（鼉太鼓、だだいこ）、鉦鼓または大鉦鼓、羯鼓（鞨鼓）または三ノ鼓
• Gakudaiko drum or Wadaiko drum (Dadaiko), Shoko drum or Oshoko drum, Kakko drum or Santsuzumi drum

• 佐藤三昭：『流転織成』和太鼓、津軽三味線、ガムランによるアンサンブル（2006年）
• Mitsuaki SATO: 'Ruten-shokusei' (Flux weaves) (2006) is an ensemble of Japanese drums, Tsugaru-jamisen (three-stringed Japanese banjo of Tsugaru), and gamelan.

• これを「謡（うたい）もの」と呼び、「屋島」「虫の音」「富士太鼓」などが有名である。
• These are called 'utaimonno,' and pieces such as 'Yashima,' 'Mushi no Ne' (Sound of Insects) and 'Fuji Daiko' (Fuji Drum) are well known.

• 備前國分の邑久市牛窓にも同形態の太鼓台が存在するが牛窓での呼称は「どんでんどん」。
• The taikodai in the same style is also used in Ushimado, Oku City in Bizen-Kokubun, but called 'dondendon.'

• 太鼓の奏法である複式複打法を用いる演奏形態（組太鼓形式）を祭囃子と呼ぶ地域もある。
• In some regions the performance style of playing Japanese 'taiko' drums from both sides is included as part of Matsuribayashi.

• 特に、和太鼓を用いた創作曲を演奏するグループにおいて、篠笛が盛んに用いられている。
• Shinobue are often played by groups that play original music using Japanese drums.

• また中国から日本に伝わった民間芸能である散楽 (さんがく) にも鼓が使われている。
• Tsuzumi is also used in sangaku (form of theatre popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries), the popular entertainment which came down from China to Japan.

• 楽は「鶴亀」「邯鄲」など唐人のシテが舞楽を模して舞うもので、大小物と太鼓物がある。
• In Raku, the shite, an actor representing a person of Tang China, for example in 'Tsuru-kame' (The Crane and the Tortoise) and 'Kantan' (The Pillow of Kantan, Noh play), dances imitating bugaku (traditional Japanese court music accompanied by dancing), accompanied by dai-sho (big and small) hand drums or drums.

• 「鳴神の鼓の時も至れば、五穀豊穣も国土を守護し」と謡いつつ勇壮な働事太鼓物をする。
• The god plays Taikomono (music of Noh with Taiko, a drum) valiantly singing 'When the time of Narukami arrives, gokokuhojo (bumper crop of cereals) protects the land.'

• また日露戦争の際には、皇后の夢に坂本龍馬が出たという喧伝を行い、国民を鼓舞させた。
• During the Russo-Japanese War, he made it widely known to people that Ryoma SAKAMOTO appeared in a dream of the Empress in order to inspire them.

• 山本 哲也（やまもと てつや、1966年3月21日 -）は、大鼓方大倉流の能楽師。
• Tetsuya YAMAMOTO (March 21, 1966 -) is a Noh actor of Okura ryu Otsuzumi kata (a knee-drum player of the Okura school).

• 鼓の音は静まり、喜ぶ者の騒ぎはやみ、琴の音もまた静まった。 (イザヤ書 24:8)
• The mirth of tambourines ceases. The sound of those who rejoice ends. The joy of the harp ceases. (Isaiah 24:8)

• 市立宮津小学校裏に馬場先御門の太鼓門を残す他は城の存在自体言われなければ気づかない。
• The only thing that remains to show that the castle existed on the site at all is the Taiko-mon (a gate that housed a drum) of Babasaki-gomon gate to the rear of municipal Miyazu Elementary School.

• 鉦鼓（しょうこ）とは、雅楽で使われる打楽器の一つだが、雅楽で唯一の金属製楽器である。
• A shoko is a percussion instrument used in gagaku (Japanese court dance and music), and is the only metal musical instrument used in gagaku.

• 撥は2本で、太鼓を台に載せて床に置き（この台を左吉台という）、正座した体の前で打つ。
• There are 2 plectra and the side drum is mounted on a stand (called hidarikichidai) put on the floor and the side drum is struck in front of the body sitting upright.

• 前者を「太鼓もの（太鼓入りもの、四拍子もの）」、後者を「大小もの」と呼んで区別する。
• To distinguish the 2 types of scenes, the former is called 'side drum scene (Otuzumimono or Otuzumiirimono)' or 'four-beat-rhythm (Yonbyoshimono or Shibyoshimono)', while the latter is called 'big-and-small-drum scene (Daishomono)'.

• 戦国時代になると、戦国大名達が、自軍の統率をとるために太鼓を利用した、陣太鼓が興る。
• During the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), daimyos (warring lords) used drums called jin-daiko (a battle drum) to lead their armies to battle.

• しかし通常和太鼓と呼ばれる場合は、筒あるいは椀型のものに皮を張った狭義の理解をする。
• However in general, when called a Japanese drum, it is understood in the narrow sense to be a bowl-shaped or cylindrical, truck mounted with a skin.

• 曳山形　津軽情っ張太鼓（青森県）、近江八幡大太鼓（滋賀県）、中之条鳥追太鼓（群馬県）
• Hikiyama-gata (the style of shouldering and carrying a Japanese drum): Tsugaru Joppari-daiko (Aomori Prefecture), Omihachiman odaiko (Shiga Prefecture), Nakanojo Torioi-daiko (Gunma Prefecture)

• 太鼓以外にも多くの日本の打楽器が登場する作品だが、第2楽章は太鼓ソロ（単式単打法）。
• Besides the Japanese drum, it is a work with a lot of percussion instruments of Japan, however the second movement is a Japanese drum solo (single drum, single drummer technique).

• 11月中旬：東京の太鼓『撥の響演』（東京都内各地で持ち回り開催）/主催東京都太鼓連盟
• Mid November: Tokyo-no-Taiko (Japanese Drums in Tokyo) 'Bachi-no-Kyoen' (Resonance performance by drumsticks) (various groups in Tokyo take their turn to perform on stage)/sponsored by Tokyo Taiko Foundation

• 獅子は「石橋 (能)」「望月」「内外詣」の三番にのみかぎられる太鼓入りの舞事である。
• Shishi is the mai-goto specific to the three programs of 'Shakkyo (in Noh)' (Stone bridge, Noh Play), 'Mochizuki' (The Full Moon) and 'Uchito mode' (The Pilgrimage), and is always danced with drums as the accompaniment.

• 一段二節または二段三節、笛・鼓ともにノリ拍子で、笛は呂中干ノ地をもとにした譜を吹く。
• It is made up of one act and two melody parts or two acts and three melody parts, and the fue and the tsuzumi players both play noribyoshi and the fue player plays the musical score based on Ryochukan no ji.

• 三段四節、鼓はノリ拍子、笛はアシライを吹き、太鼓はイノリ地と呼ぶ特殊な手組みを打つ。
• It is made up of three acts and four melody parts and the tsuzumi player plays noribyoshi, the fue player, Ashirai, and taiko player, special tegumi (the rhythmic patterns of sound combinations of instrument and human voice) called inori-ji.

• 通称の「石鼓文」は、詩人の韋応物や韓愈がこの石碑を称えて「石鼓歌」を編んで広まった。
• This by-name 'sekkobun' became commonly known because poets, WEI Ying-wu and HAN yu compiled 'Sekko-ka poems' paying a tribute to the stone monuments.

• 吾車鼓(6字11行・19句)「吾車既工」に始まり、狩の序盤を描写した詩がつづられる。
• Starting with Wu-che-gu (19 poems each having 11 lines of six characters) 'Wu-che-ji-gong', poems describing the early stage of the hunting was written.

• 田車鼓(7字10行・18句)「田車孔安」で始まり、狩の情景を描写した詩がつづられる。
• Tian-che-gu (18 poems each including 10 lines of seven characters): Starting with 'tian-che-gong-an', poems describing the scenes of the hunting are written.

• その後も品戸の廃止が続き、平安時代の『延喜式』には鼓吹司にのみ品部が設置されている。
• Shinabe continued to be abolished one after another, and 'the Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) published in the Heian period shows shinabe existed only under Kusuishi (Drums and Fifes Office).

• 曽和博朗（能楽師・小鼓方幸流・人間国宝）および曽和正博（能楽師・小鼓方幸流）に師事。
• He studied under Hiroshi SOWA (Noh actor of the Ko school of kotsuzumi-kata, Living National Treasure) and Masahiro SOWA (Noh actor of the Ko school of kotsuzumi-kata).

• 狸は大方腹鼓（はらつづみ）を叩（たた）き過ぎて、胃の位置が顛倒（てんどう）したんだ。
• Badger probably had been pounding his belly-drum too much and his stomach is upside down,'

• 下座音楽における太鼓の使用方法は、打ち方によって表現する情景が高度に体系化されている。
• The use of the Japanese drum in the theatre music is highly systematized in accordance with the way of striking to express different scenes.

• 巫女舞の場合に巫女装束となる少女の巫女、太鼓台の「乗り子」も稚児と呼ばれる場合がある。
• A girl who wears the costume of a shrine maiden in the miko dance, and 'noriko' (literally children on something) on the drum stage are sometimes called chigo too.

• 「囃子方」の中には更に「笛方」「小鼓方」「大鼓方」「太鼓方」の4種類の技能集団がある。
• Hayashikata' includes the following four types of technical groups: 'Fuekata' (flute player), 'Kotsuzumikata' (shoulder-drum player), 'Otsuzumikata' (hip-drum player), and 'Taikokata' (stick-drum player).

• こうしたさまざまな鼓が中国から伝来し、やがて小鼓、大鼓(おおつづみ)が日本で成立した。
• These various Tsuzumi came down from China, and after a while, Kotsuzumi and Otsuzumi were developed in Japan.

• 杖 (桴 (ばち))を使って演奏する杖鼓は、両面の革に異種の材を用いるのが特徴である。
• Sticks (bachi Beaters) are used for Joko drum to play, and Joko is characterized by different leather materials that are used on the both sides of its body.

• 早舞は五段からなるが現在では三段に略されることが一般的で、かならず太鼓入りに限られる。
• Haya mai, which was originally composed of five sections but now is generally condensed to three sections, should be always accompanied on drums.

• 笛は黄鐘調が基本であるが、替として初段前に盤渉調に転調する盤渉楽（太鼓物のみ）もある。
• The fue is basically played in the Oshiki-cho scale, but there is also Banshiki-raku in which, as a replacement, the scale is changed to Banshiki-cho before the initial section is played (always accompanied by drums).

• 消息不明だった1基(詩文冒頭から「作原鼓」と呼ばれる)が1052年に民家で発見された。
• The lost one (which was called 'Zuo-yuan-gu' because of the head portion of the poem on it) was found in 1052 in an ordinary house.

• 出だしの親太鼓は皮の中ばかりを打ち（叩き）、途中から皮と木のフチを同時に打つ（叩く）。
• Oyadaiko players start off by hitting only the drum skin, and then hit the drum skin and the wood frame at the same time from the middle.

• 鉦と同じリズムの子太鼓演奏をする流派が多いが、鉦のフチ打ちと同じ演奏をする流派もある。
• Many schools play kodaiko in the same rhythms as beating the gongs but some schools play kodaiko in the same rhythms as beating the frame of gongs.

• デイジーの白い顔がかれに近づくにつれ、ギャツビーの心臓の鼓動はますます速くなっていく。
• His heart beat faster and faster as Daisy's white face came up to his own.

• どこからともなく、遠い音楽の奔流とともに巨大なドラムが刻む連続的な鼓動が聞こえてきた。
• He heard, somewhere, the continual throbbing of a great drum,

• 和太鼓の楽曲は、古くからの楽曲を元に復元したものや、近現代に新たに作曲されたものがある。
• As for the music for a Japanese drum performance, while some are based upon ancient music, there is also newly composed music in recent years.

• また、大阪市内のカツ丼屋には、「喝鈍」「祭太鼓」など、この「別れ」を標準とする店も多い。
• In many katsudon restaurants in Osaka City such as 'Katsudon' and 'Matsuridaiko,' it is treated as a standard.

• 猩々乱は太鼓入りで、調子の緩急が激しく、流れ足などの特殊な型を用いるところに特色がある。
• Shojo Midare is danced accompanied by drums, and its features are that the tempo suddenly changes from a fast one to a slow one or from a slow one to a fast one, and a special dance style of nagare-ashi (making the legs slip) is used.

• 鞨鼓は能の鞨鼓と同じもので、狂言ではシテが最後のほうに曲芸的な様を見せる型がついている。
• Kakko is the same as that for Noh, but in Kyogen the shite plays an acrobatic dance toward the end of a kyogen program.

• しかし、正幸に後嗣がなかったために、小鼓方二世大倉宣安の孫仁右衛門宣充が六世を相続した。
• However, as Masayuki had no children, Niemon Nobumitsu, who was a grandson of the second head of kotsuzumi-kata Nobuyasu OKURA, inherited the position of the sixth head of school.

• 地車囃子という音楽において、もっとも即興性が許されるゆえに親太鼓の演奏は花形でもあった。
• The performance of oyadaiko was a feature because it is the element of danjiri-bayashi most open to improvisation.

• 俳諧をよくして俳人宝井其角と交流があり、これをもととして「松浦の太鼓」の外伝が作られた。
• He excelled at Haikai (humorous renga poetry) and mixed with Kikaku TAKARAI, a haiku poet, on the basis of which the side story of 'Matsura no Taiko' (The drum in Matsura) was produced.

• 太鼓は雅楽用の物（釣太鼓）を用いるのが主とされるが、一般的な太鼓でも差し支えないとされる。
• The drum most often used is the tsuridaiko, a drum that hangs in a frame and is used in gagaku, but standard drums are also acceptable.

• 太鼓方金春流（一名・惣右衛門流）は、金春禅竹の伯父金春豊氏（?～1458年）を流祖とする。
• The founder of the Konparu School for drum performers (also known as the Soemon-ryu school) was Toyouji KONPARU (? - 1458), the uncle of Zenchiku KONPARU.

• 呉人(野守)が自然に感謝する描写と思われることから、一連の石鼓の掉尾に置かれることが多い。
• The poems are estimated to describe the scenes of Wu-ren (field guards) thanking the nature and, therefore, this is placed at the tail of the series of pieces of sekko.

• 音楽家たちは中に入り、ドラや太鼓や笛、ボーンズ、タンバリン、大太鼓を大音響で鳴らしていた。
• The musicians took up a position inside, and were vigorously performing on their gongs, tam-tams, flutes, bones, tambourines and immense drums.

• 振鉾（新楽乱声（唐楽）と高麗乱声（高麗楽）を同時に演奏、左方と右方の舞人が登場）、壹鼓、一曲
• Empu (Shingakuranjo (Togaku music) and Komaranjo (Komagaku music) are played simultaneously with dancers both in Saho and Uho), Ikko, Ikkyoku

• 笏拍子、又は楽太鼓（一般の和太鼓もok）、和琴、又は楽箏（生田流等の箏もok）、篳篥、神楽笛
• Shaku byoshi drum or Gakudaiko drum (general Wadaiko drum is also ok), Wagon koto or Gakuso koto (the So instrument of Ikutaryu or other schools is ok), Hichiriki instrument, Kagurabue flute

• 歴史上、このことは太鼓を主体化するという革新的事実（芸能、音楽としての太鼓）に貢献している。
• This general phenomenon, however, has proved in history by (the Japanese drum in performing arts and in music) centralizing the Japanese drum as the main constituent.

• 2006年に和太鼓創作曲100曲を越え今も尚発表を続け、それらの演奏団体は５０団体を越える。
• By 2006, there were already more than 100 creative Japanese drum pieces, and new ones are being announced continuously, with more than 50 groups playing them.

• 2人一組で家々を訪れ、新年を祝う口上を述べた後に、1人片方が打つ鼓に合わせてもう1人が舞う。
• A pair of performers visit each house, with one of them playing the drum and the other dancing with it after delivering a congratulatory speech for the New Year.

• 以上のような事情により、維新後は長らく一流と認められず、「大鼓方宝生錬三郎派」とされてきた。
• With the circumstances mentioned above, it was not recognized as a school and called 'otsuzumi-kata Hosho-ryu of Renzaburo school' for a long time after the Meiji Restoration.

• 近世以降、鼓を中心とする打楽器の飛躍的な発達と流布によって扇拍子は徐々に下火になっていった。
• After early modern times, due to the drastic development and popularization of percussion instruments centered on Tsuzumi (hand drum), Ogi byoshi gradually lost its popularity.

• 幸清流（こうせい-りゅう）または幸清次郎流（こう-せいじろう・りゅう）は能楽小鼓方の一流派。
• The Kosei school, or Ko Seijiro school, is one of the schools of kotsuzumi-kata (small hand drum players) in Nohgaku (the art of Noh).

• 以後は小鼓方のアシライ鼓として終始し、江戸時代中期以降は奈良に在住して尾張藩の扶持を受けた。
• The school constantly performed ashirai tsuzumi for kotsuzumi-kata since then, and from the middle of Edo period, it received salary from the Owari Domain while residing in Nara.

• 石鼓に歌われた「朱塗りの弓」や「3頭曳きの馬車」は諸侯が使うもので、宣王にはふさわしくない。
• A bow painted in red' and 'a three-horse carriage' that were described in the poems were what the lords used and did not suit the King Xuan.

• 清朝も同様に保護したが、乾隆帝はさらに採拓用のレプリカを作り、石鼓を完全保護する策を取った。
• The Qing Dynasty also protected it, and furthermore the Emperor Qian-long made a replica for rubbing to make copies, in order to save sekko completely from degradation.

• また、地車のない地車囃子のみの地域でも、「鉦・子太鼓、踊りがなおざり」などと嘆く古老もある。
• Also in areas which don't possess danjiri and perform danijri-bayashi without them, some older people complain 'the performance with the sho (a kind of gong) and kodaiko and the dance are neglected.'

• 深雪太夫ではなく、ほかの芸鼓の身請け話が進められて、それが原因で経理ミスを起こしたという説。
• Because he failed account processing under the process of redeeming another geisha other than Miyuki Dayu.

• 僕は静かに斜面を上ったが、彼が僕の足首をつかむのではないかと恐れ、心臓は激しく鼓動していた。
• I went up the slope calmly but my heart was beating quickly with fear that he would seize me by the ankles.

• ２回、スメーは太鼓を打ち鳴らし、叩く手を止めると、舌なめずりをするように聞き耳をたてました。
• Twice Smee beat upon the instrument, and then stopped to listen gleefully.

• 三曲万歳は胡弓・鼓・三味線による賑やかな万歳で、初期の万才もこれに倣って楽器伴奏を伴っていた。
• Sankyoku Manzai was a boisterous manzai using a Chinese fiddle, a drum and a shamisen, and the early Manzai was accompanied by some musical instruments after the fashion of Sankyoku Manzai.

• 後に腰鼓、二鼓、四鼓は絶えたが、壱鼓は舞楽に残り、三ノ鼓は高麗楽(こまがく) で使われている。
• Afterward, waist drums, Ni no tsuzumi drum, and Yon no tsuzumi drum were died out, and Ikko drum has been used in bugaku (traditional Japanese court music accompanied by dancing) while San no tsuzumi drum is used in Komagaku music.

• 自然居士は舟を題材にした中ノ舞、羯鼓の舞を見せ、めでたく幼い者を京都に連れ帰ることに成功した。
• Jinen Koji performs a Naka no mai (dance) and Kakko no mai (dance with a small drum), both about boats, and happily succeeds in taking the child back to Kyoto.

• シ幵医殳鼓(7字9行・7句)「シ幵医殳・・」で始まり、土地の豊かさを称えた詩がつづられている。
• シ幵医殳-gu (seven poems each including 9 lines of even characters): Starting with 'シ幵医殳' and poems which admired the richness of the land were written.

• 演奏には、親太鼓（大太鼓）、雄鉦・雌鉦（鐘）（二丁鉦）、子太鼓（小太鼓）（トコテン）を用いる。
• For the performance, oyadaiko (a kind of large Japanese drum), 雄鉦 and 雌鉦 (a kind of gong) (also called nichogane) and kodaiko (small drum) (also called tokoten) are used.

• 現在でも宮崎県小林市にはこの泗川での戦勝を記念して「輪太鼓踊」という舞踊が今に伝えられている。
• There is a dance called 'Wadaiko-odori Dance' passed down in Kobayashi City, Miyazaki Prefecture, praising the victory at Shisen.

• 門を叩き壊す音が『仮名手本忠臣蔵』で陣太鼓を打ち鳴らす音に変わったのではないかといわれている。
• It is assumed that the noise of breaking the gate was changed to the noise of banging the jin-daiko in 'Kanadehon Chushingura.'

• 「昼夜宴をなし、横笛、太鼓、舞を業とし永夜を短しとす。秦の始皇、唐の玄宗の驕りもこれに過ぎず」
• She held parties day and night, played Yokobue (the flute) and drums, danced traditional Japanese dance, and made a long night short. Even the first Qin Emperor and Genso during the Tang dynasty were not so haughty.'

• この像は日本で著名な半跏思惟形の弥勒菩薩像とは全く異なり、太鼓腹の布袋像として表わされている。
• This statue is completely different from the statue of Maitreya sitting contemplatively in the half-lotus position that is well-known in Japan and instead presents the form of a potbellied Hotei.

• 鼓と踊りとをもって主をほめたたえよ。緒琴と笛とをもって主をほめたたえよ。 (詩篇 150:4)
• Praise him with tambourine and dancing! Praise him with stringed instruments and flute! (Psalms 150:4)

• 以上のほかに、舞台上でシテが鉦鼓（しょうこ）を鳴らす場合もある（『隅田川 (能)』『三井寺』）。
• Besides the above-mentioned, occasionally the protagonist (Shite) hits a gong drum (shoko) on the stage ('Sumida-gawa River (Noh)' and 'Mii-dera Temple').

• 本格的な劇場・舞台では、それに「笛(能管・篠笛)」「小鼓」「大鼓」「締太鼓」を加えることが多い。
• In full-fledged performances in theaters or on stage, fue (Nohkan flutes, shinobue), kotsuzumi (shoulder drums), otsuzumi (hip drums) and shime-daiko drums are often played in addition to shamisen.

• 三味線と「お囃子」（前述の4種の楽器）だけでなく、さらに大太鼓や鉦、銅鑼なども加えて演奏される。
• Odaiko (large drums), bells and dora (gongs) are played together with Shamisen and ohayashi (the four instruments described earlier).

• 大太鼓を「親」と呼ぶのは、この４人一組の中心で、かつ指揮者の役割も果たさねばならないからである。
• The big drum is called 'oya' (parent) because the oyadaiko player is the center of this four-person group and has to play the role of conductor.

• 『與話情浮名横櫛』（切られ与三）、『新臺いろは書始』（松浦の太鼓）、『東山櫻荘子』（佐倉義民伝）
• 'Yowa-nasake Ukina-no Yokogushi' (Kirare Yosa), 'Shin-butai Iroha-no Kakizome' (Matsuura-no Taiko), 'Higashiyama Sakura Soshi' (Sakura Gimin-den, or Legend of Loyal Subjects in Sakura)

• ぼくは自分の心臓が激しく鼓動するのを感じながら、ふたたび勢いを増してきた雨を前に玄関を閉ざした。
• Aware of the loud beating of my own heart I pulled the door to against the increasing rain.

• 踊念仏（おどりねんぶつ）とは、太鼓・鉦（かね）などを打ち鳴らし、踊りながら念仏・和讃を唱えること。
• Odori Nenbutsu is to recite Buddhist invocation and songs, dancing while beating a drum or ringing a bell.

• 上手より笛（ふえ）、小鼓（こつづみ）、大鼓（大革）（おおつづみ、おおかわ）、太鼓（たいこ）と並ぶ。
• From the right stage seen from the audience, flute (fue), small hand drum (kotsuzumi), large drum (large leather) and Japanese side drum (taiko) are arranged in the order respectively.

• 太鼓の演奏形態は、太鼓の種類による分類と打ち手の人数による分類を合わせたものが最もよく用いられる。
• The performance style of the Japanese drum is often classified according to the type of drum and the number of drummers.

• 創作和太鼓集団の多くは祭りの太鼓からの派生なので、ほとんどの場合、祭りと共通する服装・化粧となる。
• Since many creative Japanese drum groups are derived from the Japanese drum of some festival, it's natural that they wear common costumes and make-up resembling those in the festival.

• 効果音では、太鼓を使った水辺を表す音や鉦による寺院の鐘の音など、楽器を使ってさまざまな効果を表す。
• They create various sound effects with their instruments, for example, a sound effect of water with a drum, or a sound effect of a temple bell using a gong.

• お囃子奏者は「下座」あるいは「ヘタリ」とも呼ばれ、三味線奏者と太鼓・笛などの鳴物奏者で構成される。
• Rakugo musicians are called 'geza' (off-stage) or 'hetari' (a warm-up), consisting of players of shamisen and 'narimono' such as drums and flutes.

• （上方では、これらの仕事（のうち太鼓・鳴物以外）は「お茶子」と呼ばれる寄席従業員によって行われる。
• (In the Kamigata area, this work (except for the drum and musical instruments) are done by employees of yose called 'ochako.'

• 能楽では、アシライと称して、稽古や申合せの際に、小鼓・大鼓・太鼓を扇拍子で間に合わせることがある。
• In Nohgaku, Ogi byoshi is sometimes used as a substitute for Kotsuzumi (shoulder drum), Otsuzumi (hip drum) and Taiko (stick drum) for practice or moshiawase (run-through rehearsal), which is called Ashirai.

• 「大般若」のように鈴を持って舞う巫女の舞事を笛と小鼓で囃すものであり、三番叟の鈴之段を模している。
• In Kagura in Kyogen, as in 'Daihannya' (Sutra of Great Wisdom), the mai-goto danced by a miko with a bell is enlivened by music with fue and kotsuzumi, imitating the section for bells in Sanbaso (a dance dedicated to the shrine and performed in a Japanese style with three dolls, Chitose, Okina and Sanbaso, manipulated by three doll handlers).

• 子太鼓を叩くバチは、親太鼓のものの少し小さいものであるが、竹を平たく削ったバチを用いる流派もある。
• The stick to hit the kodaiko is a little bit smaller than the one for oyadaiko, and some schools use sticks with flatly shaved bamboo.

• 数え年十五才を迎えた男の子は「アガリ」と称し、「アガリ」の子は、祭り行列の後方に位置し太鼓を叩く。
• Boys at the age of 15 in the traditional way of counting age are called 'agari' who stand at the back of the procession and beat a drum.

• アリスはひざをついて耳を手で覆い、すさまじい太鼓の轟音をなんとか閉め出そうとしますが、むだでした。
• before she dropped to her knees, and put her hands over her ears, vainly trying to shut out the dreadful uproar.

• 音階の両端には、人間の耳という不完全な機械の鼓膜（こまく）には震動を感じられないような音符がある。
• At either end of the scale are notes that stir no chord of that imperfect instrument, the human ear.

• マブ女王の宮殿の広場ではドンドンと太鼓が打ち鳴らされ、それは王宮の警備員が召集されたしるしでした。
• and from the grounds of Queen Mab's palace came the rubadub of drums, showing that the royal guard had been called out.

• 日々ぼくはものごとの内なる鼓動に手をさしのべ、世界中でもっとも強大な力を手にしようとしているんだ。
• I could keep my hand on the inner pulse of things and become the greatest power in the world.

• 鼓楼（ころう）は、古来中華人民共和国及び、その文化影響圏の城内・都市内・宗教施設敷地内に建てられる。
• From ancient times, drum towers (ko-ro towers) were built inside castles, cities and the sites of religious institutions in the People's Republic of China and areas influenced by the Chinese culture.

• 大鼓は小鼓の連調から発達した職掌であるため、その独立は、他の囃子方観世流に比べても遅いものであった。
• As otsuzumi had derived from rencho (a play performed by utai and a single percussion instrument in combination) of kotsuzumi, its independence was later than other hayashi kata (musician in Noh) groups.

• ただし三世・宝生信春が後嗣を欠いたときには、観世流小鼓方十三世観世豊綿の三男錬三郎豊羨が養子入する。
• But in the case that the 3rd Nobuharu HOSHO did not have his successor, Renzaburo 豊羨, the third son of Kanze-ryu kotsuzumi-kata 豊綿 KANZE, the 13th was adopted into the family.

• また、「四助」というのは祭囃子で他の4人（締太鼓2、大太鼓1、笛1）を助けることからきているという。
• Also 'yosuke' (literally means to help the four) came from the fact that it helps other four members [two 'shime-daiko' (drums), an odaiko (large drum) and a 'fue' (Japanese flute)] in matsuri-bayashi.

• 大鼓方（おおつづみ がた、おおかわ がた）は、能楽囃子や歌舞伎鳴物において大鼓を担当する専門の職掌。
• Otsuzumikata refers to a special duty that is to take charge of an otsuzumi (big drum) in Nogaku-hayashi (Japanese orchestra for Noh performance) or kabuki musical accompaniment.

• 狸の腹鼓とも、山の神の鳴らす音楽ともいうが、現代の科学者からは一種の気象学的な現象と推測されている。
• The sound is considered to be the belly drums of raccoon dogs or a music produced by the mountain god, but modern scientists presume that it is a kind of meteorological phenomenon.

• この大修理には、鼓坂荐海、菅沼英樹両別当の尽力もあって、勧進の許可を政府から受け、計画は進められた。
• For this major repair, solicitations for contributions were smoothly permitted by the national government owing to much effort made by the two administrators of the Temple, Senkai KOSAKA (鼓坂荐海) and Hideki SUGANUMA, and then the project proceeded.

• 東国與地勝覧に書かれている伽耶の天神夷毘訶の次男伊珍阿鼓（イジンアンギ）はイザナミと発音が似ている。
• Izanami sounds similar to Ijinangi, the second son of Ibika, the heavenly god of Kaya, as described in 'Togoku Yochi Shoran.'

• 川崎 九淵（かわさき きゅうえん、1874年7月11日 - 1961年1月24日）は能楽大鼓の名手。
• Kyuen KAWASAKI (July 11, 1874 - January 24, 1961) is a master of Nogaku otsuzumi (large hand drum used for Noh play).

• 祭りで太鼓が二本の撥を用いて叩かれてるのを見て、これを剣術に用いるという天啓を得、二刀流を発案した。
• At a festival, he saw performers beating taiko (Japanese big drum) with two bachi (drumsticks), suddenly he hit on an idea adapting the performers' style for a style of sword fighting, since then, he developed Nito-ryu.

• 漏刻博士の管理の下で漏刻を測り、毎時ごとに鳴り物（太鼓、鐘）を打ち鳴らして時報を知らせる実務担当者。
• Persons responsible for reading the water clock under the supervision of the master of the clock and announcing the time by using instruments (drums and bells) on the hour.

• 彼らに踊りをもって主のみ名をほめたたえさせ、鼓と琴とをもって主をほめ歌わせよ。 (詩篇 149:3)
• Let them praise his name in the dance! Let them sing praises to him with tambourine and harp! (Psalms 149:3)

• あたり一面、太鼓の音でいっぱいで、それがアリスの頭の中になりひびいて、ほかに何も聞こえない感じです。
• the air seemed full of it, and it rang through and through her head till she felt quite deafened.

• 火の見櫓、芝居小屋（劇場）の太鼓櫓など、また建物以外の物の構造や将棋の技などについては櫓を参照のこと。
• Refer to yagura for hinomi-yagura turret, taiko yagura (drum turret) of a playhouse (theater), non-architectural yagura, shogi (Japanese chess) technique, etc.

• 太鼓櫓（たいこやぐら）は寺院の鼓楼と同じ役割を持つ建物で、常時は日の出と日暮れの開門の時刻を知らせた。
• The taiko yagura was a building which had the same role as a drum tower in a temple and which normally announced the time of gate openings at sunrise and sunset.

• 以下時計回りに普賢菩薩、開敷華王如来、文殊菩薩、無量寿如来、観自在菩薩、天鼓雷音如来、弥勒菩薩である）
• Then, in clockwise order, Fugen Bosatsu, Kaifukeo Nyorai, Monju Bosatsu, Muryoju Nyorai, Kanzizai Bosatsu, Tenkuraion Nyorai and Miroku Bosatsu are depicted.

• 多くは鐘の音や念仏の鉦鼓の音を表現するためだが、この場合もやみくもに打つのではなく、決まった譜がある。
• Mostly, the purpose is to express the sound of a bell or gong from a prayer to the Buddha but in this case, the drum is not struck at random and rather, there is a decided score.

• 現在は、御諏訪太鼓宗家・小口大八によって考案・確立された複式複打法（組太鼓）が演奏の主流となっている。
• Nowadays, the multiple drums, multiple drummers technique (united Japanese drums) designed and established by the Osuwa Japanese Drum originator Daihachi OGUCHI is the main stream performance.

• 御座楽は荘重で優雅な雅楽であり、路次楽もチャルメラや太鼓などによる荘厳な鼓吹楽(こすいがく)であった。
• Uzagaku was a solemn and refined form of Gagagu (traditional Japanese court music), whereas Rujigaku utilized instruments such as the charamela (a shawm-like double reed wind instrument) and taiko (large drum) for impressive and inspirational musical effect.

• ところが、上記の講習会に参加した者たちの多くが魅せられたのは親太鼓の派手なバチ(撥)さばきにであった。
• However, it was the showy drumstick-work of oyadaiko that fascinated many young people who participated in the training session above.

• 飽腹鼓の胸骨（あいはらつづみのむなほね）：満腹して腹鼓を打つ際の胸骨の動きを面白く見せたものかという。
• Breastbone of a man with full stomach: it would have been a performance showing the funny motion of the rib cage made when a man drums on his full belly.

• 仙人のように舞い、鳥のさえずるように歌い、琴や鼓の音もすばらしく、天下の老若男女が貴賤を問わず訪れた。
• She dances as if she were a legendary wizard and sings like a bird; She plays the koto (Japanese zither) and taps a drum with the finger tips very well, so men and women of all ages in the world visit her regardless of differences in social standing.

• 父である山本孝（能楽師・大鼓方大倉流）および亀井忠雄（能楽師・大鼓方葛野流宗家代理・人間国宝）に師事。
• He studied under his father Takashi YAMAMOTO (a Noh actor and Otsuzumi-kata [a knee-drum player] of the Okura school) and Tadao KAMEI (a Noh actor, a knee-drum player of a deputy head of Kadono school, and a living national treasure).

• しかし、やはりこういった吉沢の路線を受け継ぎ、京極流を打ち立てた鈴木鼓村のような明治期の箏曲家もいる。
• However, some Meiji-period koto players including Koson SUZUKI, who established the Kyogoku-ryu koto school, continued the Yoshizawa Line.

• 小切開を通じて糸を通された小型器具とカメラを用いて鼓動している心臓の冠状動脈バイパス行われる臓外科手術
• heart surgery in which a coronary bypass is performed on the beating heart by the use of small instruments and cameras threaded through small incisions

• 大鼓は、小鼓と区別するために大皮とも呼ばれるが、材質、構造はほぼ小鼓に等しく、全体的にひとまわり大きい。
• Although the big drum is called 'a large skin' to distinguish it from the small hand drum, the material and the construction are almost the same as the small hand drum; only the size is bigger overall.

• 毬がことごとく入ってしまったときは、勝方の鉦鼓をならし、勝方の勝振麾をあげ、勝敗の決したことをしらせる。
• After the required number of balls have been thrown into the goal, the bell or the drum declares the winner, and the flag of the winner's side is raised to determine the outcome of the match.

• 和太鼓や鉦などの打楽器と共に用いられ、「祭囃子」「神楽」「獅子舞」の「主旋律」(メロディー)を担当する。
• These flutes are combined with percussion instruments such as a Japanese drums or bells, and are used to play the melody in 'matsuri-bayashi' (Japanese music), 'kagura' (sacred music and dancing performed at shrines), and 'shishimai' (lion dance).

• 江戸時代にはご法度とされたが、現在では歌舞伎鳴物の大鼓方が能楽囃子の大鼓方に師事している例も少なくない。
• Today, it is common for otsuzumi players of kabuki to study under an otsuzumi player of Nohgaku theatre although it was not allowed in the Edo period.

• 乱拍子は現在「道成寺」にしかない特殊な舞事で、小鼓のみの裂帛の気合にあわせたシテの特殊な足づかいで舞う。
• Ranbyoshi is the mai-goto specific only to 'Dojo-ji Temple' at present, and the shite dances in a special leg-moving style corresponding to each sharp sound of the kotsuzumi, which is hit vigorously.

• 金象嵌をえぐり取られたため、残字数が最も少なかった石鼓(「馬薦鼓」と称される)の文字はすべて破壊された。
• The inlaid-gold was scooped out and the characters were all destroyed on one stone monument of sekko having the least number of characters left (which monument was called 'Ma-di-gu').

• これが新聞に載って国民の士気を鼓舞し、京都霊山護国神社にある坂本龍馬の墓前に忠魂碑が立てられるに至った。
• This ran in the newspapers arousing the morale of the nation, which lead to the establishment of a monument for loyal souls in front of Ryoma SAKAMOTO's grave in Reizan Gokoku Shrine.

• 楽師は令制では唐・新羅・高麗（高句麗）・百済及び呉楽である伎楽・腰鼓に分かれてそれぞれの音楽を担当した。
• Gakushis (musicians) were divided into groups of Tang, Silla, Goryeo (Goguryeo), Paekche and gigaku and kurezutsumi which were kuregaku, the music in Wo, and they played each music under the Ritsuryo system.

• 三関には鼓吹軍器、すなわち兵器類が常備され、必ず複数の国司四等官が関を守護するため常駐する規定があった。
• Sangen were always provided with some military instruments and weapons, and there was a rule that at least two kokushi (a provincial officer) of shitokan (four classifications of bureaucrats' ranks) should always be stationed to defend the seki.

• また、艦隊に対し、「皇国の興廃この一戦にあり。各員一層奮励努力せよ」とZ旗を掲げて全軍の士気を鼓舞した。
• Also, to inspire morale to the entire fleet Togo said, 'the Empire's fate depends on this battle. Let every man do his utmost duty,' and ordered the hoisting of the Z flag.

• ニューギニア戦線で、兵士たちを鼓舞するための劇団づくりを命じられ、長谷川伸戯曲の『瞼の母』などを演じる。
• In the battlefield of New Guinea, he was ordered to organize a theatrical group to lift soldiers' morale and staged 'Mabuta no haha' (Mother of my dream), a drama written by Shin HASEGAWA.

• もっともらしい心理学やイデオロギーの鼓吹者を無視して、労働が人格の形成に影響することはないと仮定しよう。
• Let's pretend, in defiance of any plausible psychology and the ideology of its boosters, that it has no effect on the formation of character.

• まったくとつぜんに、私の魂に運動と音とが――心臓のはげしい運動と、耳に響くその鼓動の音とが、戻ってきた。
• Very suddenly there came back to my soul motion and sound -- the tumultuous motion of the heart, and in my ears the sound of its beating.

• 舞姫は、ヴィオルが演奏され、小太鼓が鳴り響くなかで、軽やかに、かつ完全なるしとやかさをもって踊っていた。
• but with perfect modesty, to the sound of viols and the clanging of tambourines.

• しかしながら、京都六波羅蜜寺に伝わる空也像のように首に「架」をつけ、それに鉦鼓をかけて使用することもある。
• However, as in the case of the statue of Kuya in Rokuharamitsu-ji Temple located in Kyoto, a shoko is sometimes hung from a stand hung from the neck of a person.

• そのため、大鼓の流儀は小鼓のそれから派生したもので、同流の小鼓が打ちやすいように手（譜）が考慮されている。
• Therefore, the striking style of the big drum is derived from that of the small hand drum and the hand (score) is carefully written so that when accompanying the small drums, it is easier for small drums to strike.

• 11月23日（祝）：東京多摩太鼓祭り（東京都多摩地区内各地で持ち回り開催）/主催東京多摩太鼓祭り運営理事会
• November 23 (national holiday): Tokyo Tama Taiko-matsuri Festival (various groups in Tokyo take their turn to perform on stage)/sponsored by the steering board of directors for Tokyo Tama Taiko-matsuri Festival

• 上記の行列の中に巫女、稚児、手古舞、民謡舞踊、御輿、鼓笛隊、バトンガール、カラーガード等が入る場合も多い。
• Shrine maidens, children, traditional Tekomai dancers, local folk song dancers, omikoshi (portable shrines), brass bands, baton twirlers and color guards also often take part in the procession described above.

• 囃子方が向かって右から笛、小鼓、大鼓、太鼓の順で坐るために、おのおのの部分を笛座、小鼓座といったりもする。
• Fue, Kotsuzumi, Otsuzumi, and Taiko of Hayashikata sit in this order from the right side, so the seats are sometimes called 'Fueza' (flute players' seat) and 'Kotsuzumiza' (shoulder drum players' seat), respectively.

• 日本音楽史上、一般民衆が楽器を手にするのは、神楽の笛、太鼓、鈴を除けば、三味線を待たなければならなかった。
• In Japanese music history, common people never had any musical instruments, except for fue (Japanese flute), drum, and bell in kagura (sacred music and dancing performed at shrines), until the appearance of the shamisen.

• 流祖は小鼓方観世流九世観世豊重（1672年〜1688年）の四男・観世弥三郎信方（1672年〜1718年）。
• Ryuso (the founder of the school) is Saburo Nobukata KANZE (1672-1718), the fourth son of Kotsuzumi-kata Kanze-ryu Toyoshige KANZE, the ninth (1672-1688).

• 舞事と同じく、能管、小鼓、大鼓、太鼓（太鼓は入るものと入らないものがある）の四種の楽器が囃子に用いられる。
• Similar to mai-goto (instrumental dances), hayashi (musical accompaniment played on traditional Japanese instruments) for hataraki-goto consists of four kinds of musical instruments: nohkan (Japanese Noh flute), kotsuzumi (small hand drum), otsuzumi (big drum), and taiko (stick drum).

• また、かつて大鼓方にも「宝生流」「宝生錬三郎派」と呼ばれる流儀があったが、1986年に観世流の名に復した。
• In addition, there used to be the 'Hosho school' and the 'Hosho Renzaburo school' in the Otsuzumi kata (large hand drum players), but they were all restored to the Kanze school in 1986.

• 西日本では太鼓台の乗り子が稚児と同様の厚化粧(地方によっては歌舞伎の隈取りと同様の化粧)をする場合が多い。
• In Western Japan, noriko (riding kids) of taiko-dai (floats to carry drums on) often wear atsugesho similar to chigo (in some regions, the makeup is similar to kumadori of Kabuki).

• また、寄席や芝居において、待ち時間や休憩時間が終わる際に演奏されるものも「しゃぎり（＝二番太鼓）」である。
• Also, at yose (vaudeville theater) and theaters, it is 'Shagiri (niban daiko [literally, the second drum])' too that is played when the waiting time and break time are over.

• 陵墓は諸陵司(諸陵寮)・送葬音楽は鼓吹司の管轄であったため重なる部分が多く､808年に鼓吹司に併合された。
• Imperial tombs and funeral music were under the jurisdiction of Shoryoshi (Mausolea Office) (Shoryoryo [Bureau of Mausolea]) and Kosuishi (Drums and Fifes Office) respectively, and there was significant crossover between work of Sogishi and that of them, so sogishi was absorbed into Kosuishi in 808.

• 父である山本敬一郎（能楽師・大鼓方大倉流）及び亀井俊雄（能楽師・大鼓方葛野流宗家預かり・人間国宝）に師事。
• He learned Noh under his father, Keiichiro YAMAMOTO (Noh actor, playing stick drums of the Okura-ryu school) and Toshio KAMEI (Noh actor, the Soke-azukari [Acting head school], playing Kuzuno-ryu school, and Living National Treasure).

• 歌う者は前に行き、琴をひく者はあとになり、おとめらはその間にあって手鼓を打って言う、 (詩篇 68:25)
• The singers went before, the minstrels followed after, in the midst of the ladies playing with tambourines, (Psalms 68:25)

• 山頂の西に張り出した尾根を火ノ尾崎といい、烽火台跡、鼓峰は今で言う軍団駐屯地跡とされ、毘沙門天の遺構がある。
• The ridge extending westward is called Hinoozaki, where a fire beacon platform site, Koho, the site which is deemed to have been what is now called army post and the ruins of Bishamonten (Vaisravana) are located.

• 一般的にこの神の形象は、主神は頭に唐制の頭巾を被り、服は和風の狩衣姿、左手に鼓、右手でこれを打つ姿に描かる。
• Generally the features of this main deity is designed by placing a hood made in Tang on the head and kariginu (informal clothes worn by Court nobles), having Tsuzumi (hand drum) in the left hand, and beating it by the right hand.

• 大津絵のなかでは雷さまは雲の上から落としてしまった太鼓を鉤で釣り上げようとするなどユーモラスに描かれている。
• In Otsu-e (Otsu paintings, named after the town of Otsu in Shiga Prefecture), Kaminari-sama is depicted in a humorous way; for example, Kaminari-sama trying to hook the drum that he dropped from the cloud is depicted there.

• 課目は三管（笙・篳篥・龍笛）のみで、助奏として鞨鼓・太鼓のみが演奏され、曲目はすべて左方楽（唐楽）であった。
• The subjects were only the three kinds of flutes (sho, hichiriki, ryuteki) and they were played with the accompaniment of only kakko and taiko drums and all the songs were those of sahogaku (togaku).

• 初世又右衛門は金春岌蓮の甥で、似我与左衛門に師事し、「又右衛門台」と呼ばれる太鼓の台を考案したことでも有名。
• The founder, Mataemon, was the nephew of Gyuren KONPARU and studied under Yozaemon JIGA, and he was also famous for inventing a stand to put a drum on that was called a 'Mataemon stand.'

• 宋 (王朝)朝が成立し、司馬池(司馬光の父)が鳳翔の知事に就任し、散逸した石鼓文を集め、府学に移転保存した。
• Song (dynasty) Dynasty was established and SI Ma-chi (the father of SI Ma-guang) was appointed as the governor of Feng-xian and collected sekkobun which had been scattered and moved it to and preserved it in Fu-xue school.

• 祭り行列は、一町内ごとになっていて、先頭から、木を持つ子ども、鐘を鳴らす子ども、太鼓を叩く子どもの順に並ぶ。
• The ceremonial processions are organized by each town, and is led by a child holding a wooden bar followed by a child ringing a bell and then a child beating a drum.

• 三島家は代々藩の鼓指南役の家柄であったが、通庸は飽き足らずに示現流を学ぶとともに伊地知正治より兵学を学んだ。
• The Mishima family had a long tradition of being the domain's instructor of tsuzumi (drum) for generations but it was unsatisfactory for Michitsune, and he studied military science under Masaharu IJICHI as well as learning Jigenryu school (one of ancient kenjutsu (swordplay) styles passed down in Satsuma Domain and neighboring area).

• ところが鼓家の人々は田布施･佐藤家にさほど興味もなかったのでその記念品類は次々に売り払われてしまったという。
• However, people of the Tsutsumi family were not interested in the Sato family in Tabuse Town, so they sold all the memorabilia one after another.

• 京では後西天皇の御前で『猿若舞』『新発智太鼓』を実子の中村勘治郎（のち中村勘三郎 (2代目)）とともに上演。
• In Kyoto he performed 'Saruwaka mai' and 'Shinpochidaiko' with his biological son, Kanjiro NAKAMURA (later Kanzaburo NAKAMURA, the second) in the presence of Emperor Gosai.

• 校倉造りの米倉や兵舎が平成9年（1997年）に、八角形鼓楼が平成11年（1999年）に復元され公開されている。
• In 1997 rice warehouses in Azekura-zukuri (an architectural style in which the sides of the building are made by placing logs across each other) and barracks were restored to be opened to the public, as well as an octagonal drum tower was in 1999.

• 長野県茅野市にある尖石遺跡では、皮を張って太鼓として使用されていたのではないかと推定される土器も出土している。
• From the remains of Togariishi in Chino City in Nagano Prefecture, earthenware mounted with skin, presumed to be used as a drum, has been excavated.

• このほか仏教と神道の境界が曖昧である農村信仰として、田楽やイタコの口寄せ（交霊）にも太鼓が使われることが多い。
• Besides this, as a farm village belief with the vague boundary between Buddhism and Shintoism, the Japanese drum is also often used in ritual field music (dengaku) and in mouth spiritualism (communication with the spirit) via a Shrine maiden.

• 第二次世界大戦期には軍国主義的な色彩を強く帯び、現状を打破し突撃精神を鼓舞する意味で使われることが主となった。
• It took on a militaristic tinge during World War II, and it was mainly used with the meaning of encouraging an offensive spirit to break the status quo.

• 九淵の後にも吉見嘉樹、亀井俊雄、瀬尾乃武、亀井忠雄などの名手が輩出し、大鼓方のなかでも流勢の盛んな流儀である。
• Many masters, including Yoshiki YOSHIMI, Toshio KAMEI, Noritake SEO and Tadao KAMEI, successively appeared after the death of Kuen, and the school is a prosperous one among the schools of otsuzumi-kata.

• 愛媛県を代表する祭りとして、新居浜市の太鼓台、西条市のだんじりとともに、各地のイベント等に出場することがある。
• Ushioni sometimes appears in events held across the country as a typical example of the festivals held in Ehime Prefecture, along with Taikodai (a large float used to carry taiko [drums]) of Niihama City and Danjiri (a float with a decorative portable shrine) of Saijo City.

• 御霊神社・岡田国神社・田中神社の三神社に6基の布団太鼓を宮入する（敬神組、社町、小寺町、西町、義友会、拝神團）
• Six 'Futon Daiko' (peculiar bass drums) are carried into the precincts of Goryo-jinja Shrine, Okadakuni-jinja Shrine, and Tanaka-jinja Shrine by men of Keishin-gumi, Yashiro-cho, Kodera-cho, Nishi-cho, Giyu-kai, or Haishin-dan.

• 官軍の証である錦旗の存在は士気を大いに鼓舞すると共に、賊軍の立場となった江戸幕府側に非常に大きな打撃を与えた。
• While the banner of the Imperial army helped boost the morale of the soldiers of its army very much, it gave a serious shock to the soldiers of the Edo shogunate's army, who came to feel that their army turned into the rebel army.

• 横浜外国人居留地を焼き討ちし、尊王攘夷の精神を鼓舞し、倒幕の計画をたてたが、この密計が幕府の知るところとなる。
• They planned to overthrow the Tokugawa Shogunate by attacking and setting fire to Yokohama Foreign Settlement, thereby stirring up the spirit of Sonno joi, but this secret plan became known by the Tokuwa Shogunate.

• 1974年、京都南座で片岡仁左衛門 (13代目)の『堀川波鼓』で母おぎんを勤めた後は、特に老女役が多くなった。
• He mainly played the roles of elderly women after the role of a mother Ogin, a role of 'Horikawa Nami no Tsuzumi' (a Kabuki program based on Joruri [dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment]), which was presented at Kyoto Minamiza Theater in 1974 by starring Nizaemon KATAOKA (the thirteenth).

• 同年、貝太鼓奉行（軍監）だった権六郎は池田茂政に藩の軍艦・武器購入のため花房義質を長崎に派遣するよう進言した。
• In the same year, Gonrokuro, a shell-drum magistrate (Assistant Deputy General), proposed to Mochimasa IKEDA to dispatch Yoshimoto HANABUSA to Nagasaki for purchasing warships and weapons of the domain.

• 拳銃を握る手がわななき始め、その震えは腕を伝って心臓に達し、鼓動を猛り狂わせ、喉元に吐き気となってこみあげる。
• The hand that held the weapon began to shake, the tremor communicated itself to his arm, his heart gave a wild leap which sent up a wave of deadly nausea to his throat,

• 太鼓、松明、御輿など祭りに関するすべての物は神が宿ると考えられているので、関係者以外は一切触れることができない。
• It is belived that a deity dwells in all things related to the festival such as drums, pine torches, and portable shrines, so no-one is allowed to touch them except for those involved in the festival.

• ただし、現在の両国国技館では、安全上の観点から、仮設ではなく常設の太鼓櫓が作られ、エレベーターも備えられている。
• However, the current drum turret set up at the Ryogoku Kokugikan Arena is a permanent one, not a temporary one, for security reasons; besides, it has an elevator.

• 大鼓方金春流は太鼓方金春又右衛門の子三郎右衛門が、大鼓方大倉流五世大蔵源右衛門に師事して一流を立てたものである。
• The Konparu school for drum performers was founded by Saburoemon, the son of the drummer Mataemon KONPARU, after studying under Genemon OKURA, the fifth head of the Okura school.

• 馬薦鼓(5字8行・句数不明)靖康の変で字を失った鼓で、宋拓でも20字に満たず、詩の解釈は当初から断念されている。
• Ma-di-gu (the number of poems unknown each having eight lines of five characters): This gu is the gu which lost its characters in the Jingkang incident and less than 20 characters can be read from the Song rubbed copy and interpretation of its poems was given up from the first.

• サルの王様と、廷臣たちは、すっかりその嘘に気をよくして、この、太鼓持ちに、素晴らしい褒美を使わすようにと命じた。
• The Ape and all his court, gratified with the lie, commanded that a handsome present be given to the flatterer.

• 城郭の中で、比較的見晴らしのよい場所に設置され、時を知らせたり戦いの合図を打ち鳴らしたりするための太鼓が置かれた。
• It was built on a relatively vantage point and used to sound a drum for telling the time and signaling a battle.

• 結願の2月14日、ほら貝や太鼓が響く中、松明をもって本堂の周囲を赤・青・緑の鬼が走り回る「だだおし」が行なわれる。
• On February 14 of Kechigan, while the sounds of conch shells and drums resonate, 'Dadaoshi,' where Oni of red, blue and green color with a Taimatsu torch run around the temple, is held.

• 薩摩に催馬楽村があり、その付近では都曇答蝋、鼓川、轟小路などの地名があり、ここに住んでいた楽人がうたいはじめた歌謡
• There was Sebaru village in Satsuma, and there were place names such as Tantado, Tsutsumigawa, and Todorokoji around there, and gakunin (players) who lived there started to sing the song.

• 鞨鼓は「花月」「自然居士 (能)」など遊芸者のシテが鞨鼓を打ちながら舞う舞事で、大小物に限り、三段から構成される。
• Kakko is the mai-goto in which the shite, an entertainer visiting various places, as in 'Kagetsu' and 'Jinen koji,' dances while hitting Kakko (a double-headed barrel drum played with two sticks), always accompanied by dai-sho (big and small) hand drums, and comprises three sections.

• 流祖葛野九郎兵衛定之（日楽）は大鼓方大倉流四世大蔵平蔵正氏に学び、豊臣秀頼・徳川家康らの贔屓によって一家を成した。
• The founder Kurobei Sadayuki (Nichiraku) KADONO learned from Heizo Masauji OKURA, who was the fourth head of the otsuzumi-kata of Okura school, and established the school with the help of Hideyori TOYOTOMI and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.

• また、子太鼓が竹製の細く平たいバチ（もしくはdrumスティックを変形させたバチ）で叩かれるのも、大きな特徴である。
• Also, drumming kodaiko with flat bamboo sticks (or sticks that changed the shape of drum sticks) is quite characteristic of this style.

• 輪鼓（りうご）：鼓の形をしたもの（中央部がくびれた筒状のもの）を、二本の棒に結びつけた紐の上で回しながら転がす芸。
• Riugo: a performance of spinning an object resembling an hourglass drum on a string attached to two sticks.

• 1955年には、喜多六平太及び小鼓方幸流幸祥光とともに、能楽界初の重要無形文化財保持者（人間国宝）の認定を受ける。
• In 1955, he was certified as a holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure), the first holder from the Noh art, together with Roppeita KITA and Yoshimitsu KO from the Kotsuzumi kata of Ko school.

• 長男信彦との仲は必ずしも円満ではなく鼓家をついだ次男の包武を最も可愛がって総ての資産や記念品類をこの次男に与えた。
• The relationship with his eldest son Nobuhiko was not always amicable, which caused him to favor his second son Takekane who succeeded the Tsutsumi family name and gave him all of his properties and memorabilia.

• 1981年、佐渡の鬼太鼓座メンバーの若さと情熱を描いて「究極のドキュメンタリー」を目指した『ざ・鬼太鼓座』を監督。
• In 1981, aiming to make the 'ultimate documentary,' he directed 'The Ondekoza' which showcased the youth and passion of the members of the Ondekoza drum troupe from Sado, Niigata Prefecture.

• 旅の魔法の指が生命の純粋な鼓動に触れ、勇敢にも人間の神経機関は高速の青い動物の跳ぶような進行に応えようと奮闘した。
• The journey laid a magical finger on the genuine pulse of life and gallantly the machinery of human nerves strove to answer the bounding courses of the swift blue animal.

• 現在、現存する太鼓櫓としては、姫路城（平櫓のもの）のものと、掛川城のもの、復元されたものでは広島城のものなどがある。
• Examples of existing taiko yagura include those in Himeji-jo Castle (one-storey turret) and Kakegawa-jo Castle as well as in Hiroshima-jo Castle, which was restored.

• ついで金の立烏帽子に大口を着て小さい鞨鼓を前に懸け、打ち鳴らしながら舞い、また半上下を着たものが笛、小鼓で打ち囃す。
• Then, a man in gold Eboshi and Okuchi (a type of trousers) dances while beating a small Kakko (a Japanese drum) around his neck, and a man in short Kamishimo plays the flute and beats the Kotsuzumi (small hand drum).

• 太鼓台の差し上げは地方ごとの流儀が複数存在するが、最も多いものはやはり神輿と同様に担ぎ棒を高く持ち上げるものである。
• The way of sashiage of Taikodai varies from region to region; the most common way is that carriers lift the pole up high like Mikoshi.

• 舁き山車の場合は　担ぐゆえの構造的な軽量さから、次のような派手な動きが多く、また太鼓台の差し上げに通じるものが多い。
• Kakidashi is structurally light so as to be lifted up, and it includes more showy performances as follows, which are also commonly observed features of Sashiage for Taikodai.

• 子守唄の歌詞に「でんでん太鼓に笙の笛」というものがあるが笙は市井の楽器ではないためこれは別のものを指すと考えられる。
• The phrase 'denden-daiko ni sho no fue' (a small toy drum and sho flute) is seen in a lullaby, but this is considered to be a different instrument because sho was not a musical instrument for common people.

• 能においては、囃子に用いる楽器の構成から、笛・小鼓・大鼓から成る大小物と、太鼓の加わる太鼓物に大別することができる。
• Mai-goto in Noh are largely classified into dai-sho mono (a type that uses big and small hand drums), which is accompanied on fue (Japanese flutes), Kotsuzumi (small hand drums) and otsuzumi (big hand drums); and taiko mono (a drum-using type), in which drums are included among the instruments for playing the music.

• 能管、小鼓、大鼓、太鼓によって奏される働事には「舞働」、「打合働」、「イノリ」（祈）、「立廻り」（上記参照）がある。
• In hataraki-goto played with nohkan, kotsuzumi, otsuzumi, and taiko, there are 'maibataraki,' 'uchiai-bataraki' (one scene in which the shite, a main role fighting with the tsure or the waki, a supporting role of maibataraki, dance with hayashi), 'inori' (in scenes in which a monk or Yamabushi, the waki uses magic to fend off an crazed witch, shite, inori, or prayer, refers to the movement in which the witch submits to the prayers of the monk or Yamabushi, a movement of the hayashi), and 'tachimawari' (see above).

• 石鼓文（せっこぶん）とは、唐初期に陝西省鳳翔府天興県で出土した10基の花崗岩の石碑、またはそれに刻まれた文字をいう。
• Sekkobun refers to 10 stone monuments, or characters inscribed thereon, made of granite which were excavated in Tien-xing Prefecture in Feng-xiang County in Shan-xi Province in the early Tang period.

• 明治2年2月18日、山国隊は大勢の見物人・出迎えのなか、鼓笛を奏して京都から山国への凱旋を果たし山国神社を参拝した。
• On March 30, 1869, the Yamagunitai was met by a tremendous crowd of onlookers as they marched, playing flutes and drums, from Kyoto to Yamaguni in a triumphant return, paying homage at Yamaguni-jinja Shrine.

• 吉良家の剣客清水一学がその太鼓の音を聞いて「あれぞまさしく山鹿流」と赤穂浪士の討ち入りに気づくのが定番となっている。
• The usual storyline has become an expert swordsman of Kira's family, Ichigaku SHIMIZU, noticing the raid by Ako Roshi when he hears the drum sound and says 'that is the true Yamaga style.'

• 特にこういう状況こそ、例外的な個人が大衆とは異なる行為をすることが、阻止されるのではなくて、鼓舞されるべきなのです。
• It is in these circumstances most especially, that exceptional individuals, instead of being deterred, should be encouraged in acting differently from the mass.

• 日本の寺院における鉦鼓の歴史は古く、747年（天平19年）に成立した『大安寺伽藍縁起並流記資材帳』にも記載されている。
• Shoko have been used in Temples in Japan from ancient times, and 'Daianji Garan Engi narabini Ruki Shizai Cho' (a document about the origin of Daian-ji Temple and about the assets of the temple) completed in 747 includes descriptions of shoko.

• 神楽は巫女（「巻絹」）や女体の神（「三輪」）が舞うもので実際の神楽を模してつくられており、かならず太鼓入りで奏される。
• Kagura is danced by a miko (a shrine maiden) (in 'Makiginu' (bolt of silk) or by a goddess (in 'Miwa'), imitating a real kagura dance, and is always accompanied by drums.

• 宮増が後嗣を欠いたまま没すると、忠能は兄弟子の観世豊次（小鼓方観世流の祖）と座を分って世襲し、小鼓方幸流の祖となった。
• After Miyamasu died with no successor, Tadayoshi became the originator of the Ko school of kotsuzumi-kata, separately from his senior pupil, Toyotsugu KANZE (the originator of the kotsuzumi-kata Kanze school).

• その一種で「梅鉢（うめばち）」と呼ばれるものは、中心から放射線状に配置した花弁が太鼓の撥に似ていることに由来している。
• One type of crest called Umebachi was inspired by the spiral pattern of petals which resembles drumsticks (bachi in Japanese).

• 狐の意中の物は、親の皮で出来た御前の鼓であったが、それを知った義経は、自分の名を与えて「源九郎」と名乗ることを許した。
• When Yoshitune found out that the fox's real priority was Shizuka Gozen's Tsuzumi (a hand drum) made from the skin of its parent, he gave the fox his own name and allowed the fox to call himself 'Genkuro'.

• この仲間外（はず）れの男は袴だけはつけているが、後鉢巻は倹約して、抜身の代りに、胸へ太鼓（たいこ）を懸（か）けている。
• He was similarly dressed but instead of a drawn sword, he carried a drum hung about his chest.

• これは「鶏合」の段で、壇ノ浦合戦を前に平氏の武士達が敵である源氏の武士を貶めて、戦意を鼓舞する場面に出てくるものである。
• This is part of a description of one scene of the chapter on 'Toriawase' (The Cockfights), in which the Heike warriors encouraged themselves before the Battle of Dannoura by insulting their enemies, the Genji warriors.

• 明治37年（1904年）2月、日露戦争勃発と同時に『日露戦争實記』を発刊し、「草木皆兵」を論じ、愛国心の鼓舞につとめた。
• In February 1904, he launched a serial publication called 'Nichiro Senso Jikki' (The Real Record of Russo-Japanese War) as soon as the war broke out, arguing the idea of 'Somoku Kaihei' (Suspicion will raise bogies), and he made efforts to promote patriotism.

• その周囲の8つの花弁には宝幢、開敷華王、無量寿、天鼓雷音の四仏と、普賢、文殊、観自在（観音）、弥勒の四菩薩が位置している。
• On the eight petals around Dainichi Nyorai are depicted the above-mentioned four Nyorai (Hoto, Kaifukeo, Muryoju and Tenkuraion) and four Bosatsu (Bodhisattvas), in other words Fugen (Samantabhadra), Monju (Manjusri), Kanzizai (or Kannon) (Guan Yin) and Miroku (Maitreya).

• 「三鼓」とは、羯鼓（又は三ノ鼓）、鉦鼓、和太鼓であるが、羯鼓の演奏者が洋楽の指揮者の役割を担い、全体のテンポを決めている。
• The 'Three Drums' refers to the Kakko drum (or Santsuzumi drum), Shoko drum and Wadaiko drum; the player of the Kakko drum takes a role equivalent to a conductor in Western music, deciding the overall tempo.

• 伝統的には、やぐらの上の太鼓方、音頭取りならびに踊り子は浴衣を着用することが多いが、一般参加者はカジュアルな平服でも良い。
• In most cases, a drummer and a caller (both on a tower) and dancers conventionally wear yukata (a Japanese summer kimono), but it's okay for general participants to wear ordinary clothes.

• 一般的に神社における祭礼には、神輿（神様の乗り物）をはじめとして山車・太鼓台・だんじりなどの屋台などが出されることが多い。
• Generally, at the rites and festivals held at shrines, large floats used to carry taiko (drums) at festivals such as dashi (float), taiko-dai (dashi including a drum), decorative portable shrine and so on, including mikoshi (portable shrine carried in festivals) (carriage of deity).

• 中庸の位で、特に固有の性格というものも持たず、囃子の構成（大小中之舞・太鼓中之舞）や曲趣、役柄によってそれぞれに仕分ける。
• With a moderate tempo and without any particular characteristics, the mai is classified depending on the configuration of hayashi (Chu no mai accompanied on dai-sho (big and small) hand drums or Chu no mai accompanied on drums), on the characteristics of the music or on the performers' character in the Noh play.

• 大小立廻り（『通小町』『百万』）と太鼓入り立廻り（『山姥』）があり、通常は無段または一段二節、鼓はノリ拍子、笛はアシライ。
• There are daisho-tachimaeari ('Kayoi Komachi,' 'Hyakuman' [A Million, a woman who went crazy with grief when she was separated from her child]) and tachimawari with taiko music ('Yamanba' [Mountain Witch]), and they are usually made up of no act and one melody part or one act and two melody parts, and the tsuzumi player plays noribyoshi and the fue player, Ashirai.

• しかし、石井一斎、清水然知とともに大鼓方の三名人と言われた津村又喜及びその高弟川崎九淵が流儀の芸事を預かって伝統を守った。
• However, Mataki TSUMURA, who was called one of three masters of otsuzumi-kata along with Issai ISHII and Nenchi (然知) SHIMIZU, and his leading disciple Kuen KAWASAKI maintained the school's traditional arts.

• この「砧」を素材として、作曲家大栗裕が1960年代に「擣衣(とうい)」というソプラノとピアノと鼓のための作品を書いている。
• In the 1960s the composer Hiroshi OGURI used the play as inspiration when he composed the piece of music 'Toi' (Pounding Cloth) for soprano, piano and tsuzumi (hand drum).

• 具体的には、大日如来、宝幢（ほうとう）如来、開敷華王（かいふけおう）如来、無量寿如来、天鼓雷音（てんくらいおん）如来を指す。
• Concretely, the five Buddhas are Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana Tathagata), Hoto Nyorai (Ratnaketu Tathagata), Kaifukeo Nyorai (Samkusumitaraja Tathagata), Muryoju Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata) and Tenkuraion Nyorai (Divyadundubhimeghairghosa Tathagata).

• しかし、能の謡や鼓の掛け声などは低音を響かすことが大事とされており、気合や声域などが異なるための困難や違和感も見受けられる。
• However, as it is considered important to roll a bass voice in Utai (the chanting of a Noh text) and Kakegoe (shouts) of Tsuzumi in Noh.

• 新居浜型の太鼓台に似た姿だがさらに大型で飾り面も大きく、高さ5m余り、重量2.5t以上、2輪の1.8mの木車により曳かれる。
• The mikoshi-yatai is a taikodai similar to the taikodai of Niihama City in form but more upsized with larger decorated panels, having a height of about 5m, weights of more than 2.5t, and two 1.8m diameter wooden wheels which tow the mikoshi-yatai.

• 歌舞伎鳴物 - はっきりとした家元制度があるわけではないが、田中傳左衛門の名跡を中心に鼓方全体で一定のまとまりを見せている。
• Kabuki musical accompaniment: Although there is not clear iemoto system (the system of licensing the teaching of a traditional Japanese art), the whole drum players are stuck together around the successor of Denzaemon TANAKA.

• 前半では笛と小鼓が特殊な手を奏する神楽部分３段、後半は神舞２段に変化する（直り）のが普通（巫女に神が乗り移った解釈）である。
• Ordinarily, the first half is composed of three kagura sections where fue and kotsuzumi play a special tune and the latter half is changed (fixed) into two kami mai sections (it is construed that the miko has been possessed by the goddess).

• これに信長が大いに喜び、「犬千代はまだかような小倅ながらもこのような功を立てたぞ」と、合戦中に味方を鼓舞したとの逸話が残る。
• Nobunaga was much pleased at this, and an anecdote has been left that by saying, 'Inuchiyo is still a young punk like this, but he made such a great achievement,' he encouraged the men on his side during the battle.

• 公園は800 - 1730（2004年現在）まで開園され、入場は無料であるが、鼓楼の登閣は有料（5元（2004年現在）である。
• The park is open from 8 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. (as of 2004) and is free to enter, but a fee (five yuan as of 2004) is charged to climb the drum tower.

• 岐阜県揖斐郡徳山村 (岐阜県)（現・揖斐川町）では「天狗太鼓」といって、山から太鼓のような音が聞こえると雨の降る前兆だという。
• In Tokuyama Mura, Ibi Gun, Gifu Prefecture (the present Ibigawa Cho), a sound like a drum, called 'Tengu's drum,' heard from the mountain, is considered a sign of impending rain.

• 楽器について、基本は才蔵が持つ小鼓だけだが、演目によりさらに三味線と胡弓を加えたり、太鼓・三味線・拍子木を使用するものもある。
• Concerning musical instruments, basically there's only a 'kozutsumi' (small hand drum) played by saizo, but according to the repertoire, shamisen and kokyu (Chinese fiddle) are added or sometimes drum, shamisen and clappers are used.

• これらのことに、地方の酒蔵はおおいに驚くとともに鼓舞され、各地で自分たちの水と米に適合した酒造りが研究・発展されることになる。
• The sake breweries in local districts were very surprised at these and inspired, and began to research and develop their sake brewing methods which were suitable for their own water and rice in various places.

• シテ方観世流三世音阿弥の子・観世与四郎吉国（1440年〜1493年）が、金春流太鼓方の流祖金春豊氏の弟子となって流儀を興した。
• Yoshiro Yoshikuni KANZE (1440-1493), a son of the 3rd shite-kata Kanze-ryu Otoami, apprenticed himself to Harutoyo KONPARU, the founder of Konparu-ryu taiko-kata, and founded the school.

• このように破損を繰り返してきたため、故宮に展示された石鼓の刻字は不完全で、失われた字は宋時代に採られた拓本で見ることができる。
• Because sekko was repeatedly damaged as above, the inscribed characters of sekko exhibited in Gu-gong are incomplete and the characters lost are able to be seen on the copies taken in the Song period.

• 頼朝は重衡を慰めるために宴をもうけ、工藤祐経に鼓を打たせ今様を謡わせ、千手の前は琵琶を弾き、重衡が横笛を吹いて楽しませている。
• Yoritomo held a banquet to comfort Shigehira. Suketsune KUDO used the hand drum and sang Imayo, and Senju no mae played the Biwa (Japanese lute), while Shigehira played the Yokobue (flute).

• 騎者の後方左右に、勝負の合図に鉦鼓を打つ役人がいて、毬目付毬奉行門のかたわらでたがいに毬の出入りを検し、勝敗を分かつことを司る。
• At the rear left and right of riders, officials are stationed, who strike a bell and a drum to proclaim the point made in the game; they attend to incoming and outgoing of the balls to determine the outcome of the game working with Marimetsuke and Maribugyo (referees).

• 維新後、十世石井一斎は津村又喜（葛野流）、清水然知（高安流）とともに大鼓方の三名人と呼ばれたが、後嗣を欠いたために宗家は絶えた。
• Its head family extinguished after the Meiji Restoration since the 10th Issai ISHII, who was called one of three masters of otsuzumi-kata along with Mataki TSUMURA (Kadono school) and Nenchi (然知) SHIMIZU (Takayasu school), had no children.

• 石鼓は10基で1セットであるが、無造作に発掘されたために順序は明確ではなく、詩歌の解釈を通して現在の並びが妥当と判断されている。
• One set of sekko is constituted by ten stone monuments, however, they were carelessly excavated and, therefore, their order is not clear and it is determined that the present order is correct through the interpretation of the poems.

• この際、微音で警蹕が行われ（太鼓が入る場合もある）る様子が怪談映画などの「ひゅ～どろどろどろ」といった効果音の原型となっている。
• In this rite, the priest mumbles 'keihitsu,' or sounds of heralding (sometimes with a drum), and this sound is prototype of the onomatopoeia (sound effect) 'hyu-doro-doro-doro,' which is used in Japanese ghost films.

• これが、複式複打法（演奏形態）とよばれる、大人数によって様々な種類の太鼓が合奏のように演奏されるようになる組太鼓のはじまりである。
• This so-called multiple drum and multiple beat technique (performing style), is the origin of the united Japanese drums in which a number of people are playing in concert with a variety of Japanese drums.

• 中世以降、中国では布袋になぞらえた太鼓腹の姿が弥勒仏の姿形として描かれるようになり、寺院の主要な仏堂に安置されるのが通例となった。
• Since the middle period, Miroku bodhisattva has been depicted with a paunchy appearance similar to that of Hotei in pictures and those pictures have been commonly placed in major Buddhist buildings of temples in China.

• 神前や観衆への見せ場（交差点等の広くなった場所）において最も多く行われる練りは、太鼓台を頭上高く持ち上げて舁く「差し上げ」である。
• High points of parades mostly include 'sashiage,' lifting the taikodai up above the head of carriers, before the gods and at other sites (for instance, at the center of intersections) for audience.

• 太鼓台の屋根にあたる布団部分の四隅には トンボ・まくら・括りと呼ばれる大きな布製の結び飾りがあり、これは雨雲を模したものとされる。
• The large decorative cloth knots, also called tonbo (literally, dragonfly), makura (literally, pillow), and kukuri, model a rain cloud on the four corners of the futon, the roof part of the taikodai.

• 直弼は能楽好きで知られ、当時失伝していた「狸腹鼓」を復曲（俗称「彦根狸」）したり「鬼ヶ宿」を自作したりしては正虎に演じさせていた。
• Naosuke was a well-known Noh lover and he reproduced 'Tanuki no Harazutsumi' (a Kyogen story about a hunter and a raccoon dog, commonly called 'Hikone tanuki') that had been lost at that time, also wrote 'Onigayado' (a Kyogen story of a drunk and his lover) and got Masatora to perform it.

• 代表作は『与話情浮名横櫛』（切られ与三）、『東山桜荘子』（佐倉義民伝）、『新台いろは書始』（のちに改作されて『松浦の太鼓』）など。
• His masterpieces were: 'Yowanasake Ukinano Yokogushi' (Kirare Yosa [Scarface Yosa]), 'Higashiyama Sakura no soshi' (Sakura Gimin Den [the story of a man of righteousness, Sakura]), 'Shindai Iroha Kakihajime' (later revivsed to 'Matsuura no Taiko' [drum of Matsuura]).

• この男がやがて、いやあ、はああと呑気（のんき）な声を出して、妙な謡（うた）をうたいながら、太鼓をぼこぼん、ぼこぼんと叩（たた）く。
• This fellow drawled out signals the tone of which suggested a mighty easy-life, and then croaking a strange song, he would strike the drum.

• つまりハイドの姿をかりて享受した自由に、私より若くなることに、軽やかな足取りに、そして高鳴る胸の鼓動に、秘密の喜びに決別したのだ。
• and bade a resolute farewell to the liberty, the comparative youth, the light step, leaping impulses and secret pleasures, that I had enjoyed in the disguise of Hyde.

• 19世紀後半、欧米圏ではジャポニズムの流行とともに、庭石・太鼓橋・灯篭・茶室などを配した日本風の風景式庭園がつくられるようになった。
• In the latter half of the 19th century, Japanese gardens including garden stones, arch bridges, garden lanterns and a tea-ceremony houses were being built in Europe and in America as the Japonism came into style there.

• 演奏は基本的に複数人の唄と三味線で成り立っているが、曲目によっては小鼓、大鼓、太鼓、笛などで構成される「長唄囃子」が付くこともある。
• Performances are basically comprised of multiple persons singing accompanied by the shamisen (a type of string instrument); however, depending on the composition, there are pieces that include accompaniment by various sizes of drums, flutes, and the like.

• 寛永の始めから寛文頃までがその全盛期で、僧形の芸人が門付け（門説経）や、街角に傘を立ててささら・鉦鼓・羯鼓を伴奏として興行を行った。
• It was at its height from the beginning of the Kanei era to the Kanbun era, and the performers in priestly attire showed the performances of kadotsuke (also called as kadozekkyo, which represents a performance in front of the gate of a house) or the performances with an umbrella stood on a street accompanied by sasara (a percussion instrument made of finely split bamboo and played by rubbing against a ridged rod), shoko (a small gong), and kakko (a small drum used in the Court music of Japan and hit with sticks at each end).

• これはあくまで略式の演奏であるとされるが、特に大鼓のように道具の準備に時間のかかる楽器においてはすぐれた代替法として用いられている。
• Although this is just a simplified performance, it is used as an alternative method for playing instruments especially such as the Otsuzumi for which the preparation requires time.

• 江戸時代には宝生座の座付とされたらしいが、江戸初期の家元威徳五左衛門は父が早く亡くなったため、同座の小鼓方幸五郎久能に指導を仰いだ。
• Although it is said they played exclusively for the Hosho school during the Edo period, Gozaemon ITOKU, who was the head of this school of the early Edo period, lost his father when he was still young and he learned drum play from a kotsuzumi (small hand drum) player of the Hosho school named Gorohisayoshi KO.

• 大蔵権右衛門道意が家祖とされるが、実質的に流儀の基礎を築いたのは大鼓方三世二助虎家（道知）の養子となった二世長右衛門宣安と思われる。
• Its founder is believed to be Gonuemon Michioki (権右衛門道意) OKURA, but it is thought that a person who actually established the basis of school was the second head, Choemon Nobuyasu, the adopted son of the third head of otsuzumi-kata, Toraie (Michitomo) NISUKE (二助虎家 [道知]).

• また、鴨川と高瀬川 (京都府)に挟まれているため、堤であると捉え、鼓が「ポン」と鳴ることに掛けて、「ぽんと」となったという説もある。
• However, other people say that, since Ponto-cho is located between the Kamo-gawa River and the Takase-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture), upon taking its landscape as Tsutsumi (levee), the name derives from a sound of Tsuzumi (hand drum), 'Pon,' using an analogy between Tsutsumi and Tsuzumi.

• 日華事変の泥沼化に加え、張鼓峰事件とノモンハン事件が相次いで勃発したことから、海軍はソビエト連邦に対する迎撃策を講じることになった。
• The Imperial Navy began to plan for the offensive against the Soviet Union when the Second Sino-Japanese War was drawn into a quagmire and Changkufeng Incident and Nomonhan Incident occurred one after the other.

• ダビデとイスラエルの全家は琴と立琴と手鼓と鈴とシンバルとをもって歌をうたい、力をきわめて、主の前に踊った。 (サムエル記下 6:5)
• David and all the house of Israel played before Yahweh with all kinds of instruments made of fir wood, and with harps, and with stringed instruments, and with tambourines, and with castanets, and with cymbals. (2 Samuel 6:5)

• 主が懲らしめのつえを彼らの上に加えられるごとに鼓を鳴らし、琴をひく。主は腕を振りかざして、彼らと戦われる。 (イザヤ書 30:32)
• Every stroke of the rod of punishment, which Yahweh will lay on him, will be with the sound of tambourines and harps. He will fight with them in battles, brandishing weapons. (Isaiah 30:32)

• スメーが驚いたことに、フックは太鼓を打ち鳴らすよう合図をして、そしてスメーにもその命令の恐ろしいほどのずる賢さがのみこめてきました。
• To his amazement Hook signed him to beat the tom-tom, and slowly there came to Smee an understanding of the dreadful wickedness of the order.

• これが編み出されるまで、他の芸能の脇役を務めることが多かった和太鼓は、複式複打法の確立により、和太鼓を主体とした音楽の地位を確立する。
• With the accomplishment of multiple drums and multiple beat techniques, the Japanese drum, which had been until this was devised mostly playing a supporting role in other performing arts, established its position in music with itself being the main constituent.

• 複層リズムによるヘテロフォニーや不規則なアクセントによるケチャの影響など、作曲者の初期作品の語法が和太鼓ひとつで見事に再現されている。
• The influence by heterophony of polyrhythm or the influence by kecak of irregular accent, etc., and the grammar of a composer's initial work is splendidly reproduced with just one Japanese drum.

• 行列前方、明治維新・維新勤王隊列の鼓笛隊は官軍の山国隊で、明治28年の第1回から大正時代までは生存していた元隊士が行列に参加していた。
• The drum and bugle corps for the procession of Meiji Restoration and Restoration royalists, which are in the forward part of the Jidai procession, are conscripted army of farmer loyalists, Yamaguni platoon used to be composed of actual veterans from the first festival in 1895 to sometime in the Taisho period.

• 起源は西日本の太鼓踊りあるいは陣役踊りといわれ、中心にいる数人が頭上のかぶり物を獅子頭に変えたものが始まりだろうという説が優勢である。
• The Furyu school of shishimai is said to have originated from Drum Dance or Imperial Court Guards' Dance, both seen in western Japan, and a predominant theory says Furyu school of shishimai might have began when some star performers changed their headgears into 'shishigashira.'

• 少年が太鼓を叩くところがあり、この場合は稚児などのように厚化粧となったり豪華な衣装を着たり、大人に肩車され地面に足を付けない所もある。
• In some cases where a few boys beat the drum in the taikodai, they wear heavy make up, dressed in gorgeous costume like chigo (beautifully dressed children parading at festivals), and given piggyback ride by adults who have their feet untouched on the ground.

• 呂中干ノ地以外の笛の譜による舞事としては楽、神楽、鞨鼓、乱、獅子、乱拍子があり、これらはそれぞれ異なった固有の笛の譜によって舞われる。
• The score of fue accompanied mai-goto other than Ryochukan no ji mono include Raku (literally, ease dance), Kagura ((sacred music and dancing performed at shrines), Kakko (double-headed barrel drum played with two sticks), Midare (literally, chaos dance), Shishi (lion dance) and Ranbyoshi (mad rhythm), each of which is danced in accompaniment to a different specific fue score.

• 「三丁陸六つ、一鼓六足、天地人の乱拍子、この山鹿流の妙伝を心得ている者は、上杉の千坂高房と、今一人は赤穂の大石、そしてこの松浦じゃ」。
• `三丁陸六つ、一鼓六足、天地人の乱拍子, the ones that know Yamagaryu (Yamaga school) military science are 千坂高房, Oishi from Ako, and me, Matsu-ura.'

• シーズン中の鵜飼の安全と繁栄を祈願する神事である鵜飼安全祈願祭が行われた後、太鼓の演奏に見送られて次々と観覧船が川へと漕ぎ出して行く。
• After the ritual praying for the safety and prosperity of ukai during the season is held, spectator boats row out into the river one after another amid the performance of drums.

• かつての東南アジア方面（ベトナム等、しかし現在は不明）の銅鼓も日ごろ地中に埋めてあり、祭りの時や葬儀の時取り出して使用していたという。
• It is said that in previous times in the southern east Asia area (Vietnam and others, but unknown now), bronze drums were usually buried and, picked up and used in the case of ceremonies and funerals.

• 1995年以来、浦田保浩・浦田保親（シテ方観世流）、谷口有辞（大鼓方石井流）、曽和尚靖（小鼓方幸流）とともに「心味の会」の結成し活動。
• Since 1995 he has formed and operated 'Shinmi no kai' (Shinmi association) with Yasuhiro URATA, Yasuchika URATA (shite-kata (main roles) of Kanze school), Yuji TANIGUCHI (Otsuzumi kata of Ishii school) and Naoyasu SOWA (Kotsuzumi kata of Ko school).

• 風袋と太鼓をそれぞれ持った風神・雷神像の姿をユーモラスに表したこれらの像は、俵屋宗達の『風神雷神図屏風』のモデルになったともいわれる。
• It is also said that these humorous statues of Fujin with his bag of wind and Raijin with his drums were the inspiration for Sotatsu TAWARAYA's 'Fujin Raijin zu byobu' (folding screen depicting images of Fujin and Raijin).

• 10月第2日曜に行われる祭で、東組、西組2基（それぞれ約2トン）の神輿や氏子町内からの5基の剣鉾、鼓笛隊などの盛大な巡行が行なわれる。
• This grand festival takes place on the second Sunday in October and features a parade of two portable shrines (each weighing approximately 2 tons) and five kenboko (decorated spear-like poles) accompanied by shrine parishioners, local residents and a drum and fife band.

• すると、敵の兵隊たちはこう言った。「それが、お前の処刑される理由だ、お前は自分では戦わぬが、ラッパで、兵士たちを鼓舞するのだからな！」
• 'That is the very reason for which you should be put to death,' they said; 'for, while you do not fight yourself, your trumpet stirs all the others to battle.'

• 本来大鼓は小鼓の連調から発展してきた楽器であるといわれ、初期には鼓方の若手が大鼓にまわって小鼓の伴奏をしたのではないかと考えられている。
• It is said that a big drum was originally a musical instrument that evolved from a small hand drum and in early days it is thought that younger drummers accompanied the small hand drums by playing the big drums.

• 『宇野主水日記』によると、信長は1582年に安土の総見寺で徳川家康とともに梅若家の猿楽を鑑賞しており、自身も小鼓をたしなんだと言われる。
• According to 'Mondo UNO's Diary', in 1582, Nobunaga enjoyed watching UMEWAKA family's Sarugaku with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA in Soken-ji Temple in Azuchi and he himself also liked playing the small hand drum.
• According to 'Uno Mondo Nikki,' Nobunaga, together with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, watched sarugaku performed by the Umewaka family at Soken-ji Temple in Azuchi in 1582 and it is said that he himself was fond of kotsuzumi (a Japanese traditional small hand drum).

• 1月6日（日）：太鼓祭 in さいたまスーパーアリーナ【さいたまスーパーアリーナ】（さいたま市中央区 (さいたま市)）/主催日本太鼓協会
• January 6 (Sunday): Taiko-matsuri in Saitama Super Arena (Japanese Drum Festival in Saitama Super Arena) (Chuo Ward, Saitama City), sponsored by Japan Taiko Association

• 相撲興行の際に、寄せ太鼓（当日の興行実施を知らせる）やはね太鼓（当日興行の終わりを知らせる）をうつために作られる太鼓櫓もこれに含まれる。
• This type of yagura also includes drum turrets built for yosedaiko (drum beating made on the performance day which announces that the performance is about to begin) and hanedaiko (drum beating made on the performance day which announces that the performance has ended) at a sumo performance.

• 講員は揃いの浴衣姿となり、太鼓、鉦、笛を駆使して、万灯供養会の灯明を背景に、主として地歌・長唄等に取材した曲を編曲して舞台上で演奏する。
• Members in the matching yukata (Japanese summer kimono) play musical arrangements consisting of mainly jiuta (a genre of traditional songs with samisen accompaniment) and nagauta (ballads sung to samisen accompaniment), with drums, gongs and flutes, on a stage against the backdrop of the lanterns of Manto Kuyo-e (an event of offering many votive lights to Buddha).

• ダビデおよびすべてのイスラエルは歌と琴と立琴と、手鼓と、シンバルと、ラッパをもって、力をきわめて神の前に踊った。 (歴代志1 13:8)
• David and all Israel played before God with all their might, even with songs, and with harps, and with stringed instruments, and with tambourines, and with cymbals, and with trumpets. (1 Chronicles 13:8)

• 舞と謡を担当し、実際に演技を行うのがシテ方、ワキ方および狂言方であり、伴奏音楽を担当するのが囃子方（笛方、小鼓方、大鼓方、太鼓方）である。
• Dancing and chanting of the Noh text and in fact performing the art are done by the protagonist (Shite), the Nohwaki and the Noh jester (Kyogenkata), while the accompanied music is performed by musicians (small drum, big drum and side bass drum).

• 前漢の『史記』天官書を見るとかつての牽牛は牛宿のことであり、現在の牽牛すなわちアルタイルは河鼓（天の川の太鼓）と呼ばれる星座の一星である。
• According to the Tianguan shu of 'Shiki' (the Chinese Historical records), Kengyu at the time was Gyushuku and current Kengyu, namely Altair, is a star belonging to the constellation called Kako (drum of the Milky Way).

• 曳き山の山車と舁き山の太鼓台との大きく異なる点は、曳き山が引くという形式であるのに対して、舁き山は神輿と同様に担いて運行されることである。
• The large difference between the hikiyama and the kakiyama is that while the former is pulled, the latter is carried as well as the mikoshi.

• 重の四方おのおのの側面に布団締めと呼ばれる飾りがあり、古い形態の太鼓台では帯または綱などで文字通りこれで布団を束ねる実用的な部品であった。
• There are some ornaments called futonjime on each four side of the ju, ornaments which were practical parts to literally bundle the futon with an obi or a rope for an old type of taikodai.

• 能楽師には、シテ方、ワキ方、狂言方、囃子方（笛方・小鼓方・大鼓方・太鼓方）の職掌があり、特にワキ方・狂言方・囃子方を総称して三役ともいう。
• Noh actors are divided into shite-kata (main actors), waki-kata (supporting actors), kyogen-kata (farce actors) and hayashi-kata (musicians; further divided into fue-kata [flute players], kotsuzumi-kata [small hand drum players], otsuzumi-kata [large hand drum players] and taiko-kata [drum players]) according to their roles, the last three of which are collectively called the sanyaku (three roles).

• また、新作狂言「鬼ヶ宿」の制作や、廃曲となっていた「狸の腹鼓」の復曲（いわゆる「彦根狸」）を試みるなど、狂言作者としての才能も持っていた。
• He also showed talent as a playwright of Kyogen, composing 'Oni ga Yado' (literally, 'Inn of an Ogre') and attempting a re-composition of 'Tanuki no Haratsuzumi' (a story of a raccoon dog and a huntsman, commonly known as 'Hikone Danuki,' or 'A Raccoon Dog in Hikone), which had been a haikyoku (a Noh song no longer performed).

• 「ライオンも一角獣（ユニコーン）も、あの太鼓で街から叩きだされなければ、もうほかにたたきだしようがないでしょうよ！」とアリスは思いました。
• `If THAT doesn't 'drum them out of town,'' she thought to herself, 'nothing ever will!'

• 能の囃子（能楽囃子）に用いられる楽器は、笛（能管）、小鼓（こつづみ）、大鼓（おおかわ、大皮とも称する）、太鼓（たいこ、締太鼓）の4種である。
• The musical instruments used by the Noh musicians (Noh gaku-hayashi) have 4 types: flute (Noh pipe), small hand drum (kotsuzumi), big drum (ohkawa, also called 'big skin'), and side drum (taiko).

• また、藁人形をつくって悪霊にかたどり、害虫をくくりつけて、鉦や太鼓をたたきながら行列して村境にいき、川などに流すことが行われるところもある。
• In some places, people make a straw man representing an evil spirit, tie harmful insects to it and, ringing bells and banging drums, go in procession to the village border where it is thrown the river.

• 一年後津村が急逝したが、宝生流宗家宝生九郎知栄、小鼓方幸流三須錦吾、太鼓方観世流観世元規らの指導を受けながら、大鼓方としての活動に精進した。
• Tsumura passed away suddenly one year later, however he devoted himself to his work as a Otsuzumi kata (large hand drum player) while receiving instructions from Kuro Tomoharu HOSHO from the head family of Hosho school, Kingo MISU in Kotsuzumi kata of Ko school, and Motonori KANZE in Taiko-kata Kanze-ryu (the Kanze school for drum performers).

• 3の例となるのは、宝生大夫による「道成寺」の小鼓を打つことを命じられた観世流小鼓方当主・観世新九郎が、流派が違うことを理由にこれを拒否した。
• Exemplifying the third point, Tsunayoshi ordered Shinkuro KANZE, who was the head of the family in charge of the small hand drum of the Kanze school, to play the drum in 'Dojo-ji Temple,' performed by the leading actors of the Hosho school, but Shinkuro refused because he belonged to a different school.

• 水干・緋袴・白足袋の装いに身を包んだ巫女が太鼓や笛、銅拍子などの囃子にあわせて鈴・扇・笹・榊・幣など依り代となる採物を手にした巫女が舞い踊る。
• The shrine maidens clad in suikan (everyday garments worn by commoners in ancient Japan), hibakama (scarlet Japanese pants for men) and shirotabi (white Japanese socks), and grasping various torimono (hand-held divine items) such as suzu (bells), oogi (folding fans), sasa (dwarf bamboos), sakaki (branches of a kind of divine wood) and nusa (symbols of divinity made of cloth or paper and hung on a stick) that are regarded as yorishiro (objects representative of a divine spirit), perform mikomai dances in harmony with a hayashi (an orchestra of Japanese instruments) that includes drums, flutes, dobyoshi (two circular cymbals made of copper or iron) and other instruments.

• 例えば、雅楽に用いる鳥兜と火炎太鼓に紅葉を添えたものは、源氏物語「紅葉の賀」で主人公が紅葉の下で鳥兜をかぶる優美な舞青海波を舞った場面を表す。
• For instance, the uta-e depicting a torikabuto (a traditional hat worn when playing gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music)), a kaendaiko (a large drum decorated with flames), and Japanese maple leaves suggests the scene where the hero of 'Genji Monogatari' performed an elegant dance 'Seigaiha' (Blue Ocean Wave) donning a torikabuto under Japanese maple trees, which appears in the chapter of 'Koyo-no-ga' (An Autumn Excursion).

• 結局、映像で伝える側も観る側も踊りを地車囃子のメインとしてとらえ、一方、演奏する側は親太鼓の派手なバチさばきを地車囃子のメインとしてとらえた。
• In fact, someone who films danjiri-bayashi for broadcast and who watches it perceive the dance as the main attraction of danjiri-bayashi; on the other hand, the people who perform it think that the showy drumstick-work is the feature of danjiri-bayashi.

• さらに玉松は、早晩幕府との交戦があることを予想し、官軍の士気を鼓舞するための錦の御旗のデザインを考案するなど、その功績小ならざるものがあった。
• Furthermore, he made less than small achivements including that he predicted a war would occur between the bakufu (shogunate) and the imperial government sooner or later, and developed a flag design of the Imperial standard (made of gold brocade) in order to encourage the fighting spirit of the imperial army.

• 重次は当時名手として有名で、それまで弟子に持たせて打っていた太鼓を置くための台（左吉台と呼ばれる）を考案するなど、太鼓技法に多くの改良を加えた。
• At that time Shigetsugu was famous as a drum player and made many improvements in the techniques of drum playing including devising the stand (Sakichi dai) to put the drum; before the devising of the stand, the drum was held by hands of his disciples.

• 基本的な使い方は、帯を結んだ「お太鼓結び」の背中の部分（お太鼓の垂れで作った輪の下）に通して前へ渡し、帯正面に「駒結び」などの結び方で固く結ぶ。
• The basic method of use is to pass it from the back of a puffed-out bow in the kimono sash (beneath the ring made with the lappet of the bow) toward the front, and then firmly tie a 'komamusubi' knot (a tight knot) or the like at the front.

• 鑾車鼓(7字10行・18句)「□□鑾車」で始まり、全行の冒頭2字が欠けているため6句しか解読されていないが、狩が終わって喜ぶ情景をつづっている。
• Jin-che-gu (18 poems each including 10 lines of seven characters): Starting with 'kou-kou-jin-che', only six poems have been understood because the first two characters of each of all the poems are lost, however, these poems describe the sense of happiness after the hunting.

• 映画やテレビドラマ、演劇では、雪の降りしきる夜、赤穂浪士は袖先に山形模様のそろいの羽織を着込み、内蔵助が「一打三流」の山鹿流陣太鼓を打ち鳴らす。
• In movies, TV series, and theatrical performances, Ako Roshi wears a matching haori (Japanese half-coat) with Yamaga design on underneath, and Kuranosuke bangs the Yamaga style jin-daiko (a battle drum used to order troop movements) in heavy snow.

• ただし、太鼓台と称される担ぎ屋台は一般的に神輿よりはるかに重量があり(数百kg～2t前後)、さすがに神輿のような片手持ちは不可能であることが多い。
• However, Katsugi Yatai (a large float used to carry drums at a festival) called Taikodai is generally heavier than Mikoshi (from several hundred kilograms to nearly 2 tons), so naturally, it is almost impossible to hold it with one hand like Mikoshi.

• 次に笛、鼓などの楽器で構成される前奏の楽隊、音声という声楽のパート、さらに獅子、踊物、そして後奏の楽隊、帽冠（ほうこ）とよばれる僧がつきしたがう。
• Then a band playing prelude with flutes and tsuzumi (hand drum), a vocal group called onjo, a lion, a group of dancers, then another band for playing postlude, and a group of Buddhist priests called hoko (priests wearing crown cap).

• 笛・鼓・ささらなどの囃しにあわせて踊る田楽も同様に貴族の関心をひくようになり、やがて京都や奈良にはいって芸能化されると、宮廷にも流れ込んでいった。
• Dengaku, a dance in time with hayashi (musical accompaniment played on traditional Japanese instruments) such as fue (Japanese flute), drum, sasara (a Japanese traditional percussion instrument) also started drawing attentions of court nobles; it eventually was introduced to the Imperial Court after it entered Kyoto or Nara and became a public entertainment.

• こうして諸策百出して紛糾したが、最後に桐野が「断の一字あるのみ、...旗鼓堂々総出兵の外に採るべき途なし」と断案し、全軍出兵論が満座の賛成を得た。
• As such, various plans were presented and the discussion degenerated into confusion; at last, KIRINO concluded that 'we should take decisive action, …, the only way for us is to dispatch the whole troops with colors flying' and the whole assembly agreed on the opinion of dispatching the whole troops.

• しかし「深宮の内に養長して未だ嘗て世俗の艱難を知らず」と評され、性格は温雅で音楽を愛好し、座右に鼓鐘を置いて、退庁の後は自ら弾じて楽しんだという。
• Some people criticized him as a spoiled man who was ignorant of the real world hardships, however he was also reputed to be mild-mannered, loved music, had a hand drum and a bell on his desk at office and played them himself after work.

• 天王殿と大雄宝殿の間をロの字状に結ぶ回廊に沿って右側（南側）には鐘楼、伽藍堂、斎堂があり、左側（北側）には対称的な位置に鼓楼、祖師堂、禅堂が建つ。
• The square walkway connecting the Tenno-den and Daio Ho-den hall is lined on the right side (southern side) by the Belfry, Garan-do hall and Sai-do hall, and on the left side (northern side) lined by the Drum tower, Soshi-do hall and Zen-do hall in symmetrical positions.

• 永享2年（1430年）11月、世阿弥の次男で、観世座の太鼓役者であった観世元能が、父がこれまで語った芸談を筆録・整理して、世阿弥に贈ったものである。
• In November, 1430, Motoyoshi KANZE who was the second son of Zeami and taiko yakusha (drum player) at Kanzeza troupe wrote down what had been told by his father and presented it to his father Zeami.

• 翌日、その若者が仲間たちに事情を話してその薮へ行ってみると、海から打ち上げられた蓑、太鼓、割籠などが散らばっており、その中に鼻の欠けた下駄があった。
• The next day, the young man told what had happened to his group and as they went to the thicket, mino (straw raincoat), taiko, and warigo which have been washed ashore from the sea were scattered about, and among them, there was a geta without a strap.

• 櫓は通常、番号、方位を冠して巽（たつみ）・艮（うしとら）・乾（いぬい）櫓などといい、また用途などによって着見・月見・太鼓櫓などと呼ばれるものもあった。
• Turrets were usually named by giving them numbers or directions, such as tatsumi-yagura, ushitora-yagura, and inui-yagura turret, and some turrets were called tsukimi-yagura turret (used for monitoring a castle entrance), tsukimi-yagura turret, taiko yagura (drum turret) and so on according to their use.

• 日本では俵屋宗達の風神雷神図(屏風)を代表例に、雷さまは鬼の様態で、ウシの角を持ちトラの皮革のふんどしを締め、太鼓（雷鼓）を打ち鳴らす姿が馴染み深い。
• In Japan, as Sotatsu TAWARAYA's Fujin Raijin zu (The Wind and Thunder Gods: a folding screen), a representative example, shows, Kaminari-sama holding a cow's horn, wearing the tiger leather fundoshi, and beating a drum being possessed by the god of thunder is the Raijin's well-known image.

• 寄席での、呼び込み太鼓・鳴り物・めくりの出し入れ・色物の道具の用意と回収・マイクのセッティング・茶汲み・着物の管理など楽屋、寄席共に毎日雑用をこなす。
• They perform odd jobs both backstage and at the yose everyday, such as doing the drum signalling at the beginning of a performance, musical instruments, carrying mekuri (title board) in and out, preparing and collecting tools for iromono (various entertainment in the storytellers' theater other than story telling), setting up a microphone, serving tea and managing kimono.

• 近くの藪からざわめき声が聞こえるので近寄ると、人間とは異なる声で歌い踊る声が聞こえ、その声は自分たちを「下駄」「蓑」「太鼓」「割籠」などと呼んでいた。
• He heard murmur from a thicket nearby, and as he went closer, he heard the voices of singing and dancing which did not belong to human beings; the voices were calling themselves as 'geta' 'wara' 'taiko' 'warigo' and so on.

• 彼らの酒宴には琴あり、立琴あり、鼓あり笛あり、ぶどう酒がある。しかし彼らは主のみわざを顧みず、み手のなされる事に目をとめない。 (イザヤ書 5:12)
• The harp, lyre, tambourine, and flute, with wine, are at their feasts; but they don't respect the work of Yahweh, neither have they considered the operation of his hands. (Isaiah 5:12)

• 発音については、古代インドの打楽器 dudubhi または dundubhi から出たという説と，中国の都曇鼓 (つどんこ)の音から出たという説がある。
• There are two possible explanations for the pronunciation of this word: it is derived from the dudubhi or dudubhi, a percussion instrument from ancient India or it is derived from the dutangu drum (Tsudonko), an instrument from China.

• けれども、いまだ汗に湿っていたブラウスを引き裂いてみると、左の胸が半ばもげた形でだらりとぶらさがっており、その下の心臓の鼓動に耳を傾けるまでもなかった。
• but when they had torn open her shirtwaist, still damp with perspiration, they saw that her left breast was swinging loose like a flap, and there was no need to listen for the heart beneath.

• 太食調　抜頭※（舞は左右双方にあり）、散手、太平楽（朝小子、武昌楽、合歓塩）、傾盃楽、賀王恩、打毬楽、還城楽（左右双方にあり）、庶人三台、輪鼓褌脱、長慶子
• Taishikicho tone: Bato* (having dance both in Saho and Uho), Sanju, Taiheiraku (Chokoshi, Bushoraku, Gakkaen), Keibaraku, Kao-on, Dakyuraku, Genjoraku (both in Saho and Uho), Soninsandai, Rinkokotatsu, Chogeishi

• 何らかの仕方で張った皮を打って音を出すという広義の理解ではアジアの先住民に認められる団扇太鼓（日蓮宗の打つ太鼓）から能楽に使用する鼓類までを含んでしまう。
• In the wide-sense, the drum is something with a mounted skin struck in some ways to emit sound, thus, it includes all the drums ranging from the uchiwa-daiko (a round fan drum) recognized by the aborigines in Asia, the Native people in Asia, the drum struck in the Nichiren sect, to the hand drums used for the Noh music.

• また維新後にも十四世英勝（喜叟）、弟子の清水然知（石井一斎・津村又喜とともに大鼓方の三名人と呼ばれた）など優れた役者が輩出し、流勢はきわめて盛んであった。
• After the Meiji Restoration, this school was still extremely influential and produced some excellent performers such as the 14th head Hidekatsu (also known as Kiso [喜叟]) and his follower Nenchi SHIMIZU (Issai ISHII, Mataki TSUMURA, and he were referred to as three greatest drum masters).

• 太鼓が入るのは基本的に死者の霊や鬼畜の登場する怪異的な内容の曲のみで、そのほかの場合には笛と大小の鼓のみで演じる（この場合には大鼓がリズムの主導役を担う）。
• Basically, the side drum is played only during a grotesque scene when a departed spirit or a devil appears and apart from that, only flutes and big and small hand drums are used (with the big drum initiating the rhythm).

• 五人囃子は能の囃子を奏でる5人の楽人をあらわし、それぞれ「太鼓」「大皮」「小鼓」「笛」「謡」である（能囃子の代わりに5人、又は7人の雅楽の楽人の場合もある）
• The gonin-bayashi represent five musicians for playing the percussion ensemble for the Noh drama), respectively: their parts are the taiko (stick drum), the okawa (slide hand drum), the kotsuzumi (shoulder drum), the fue (Japanese flute), and the utai (chant) (in some cases, five or seven ancient court musicians are displayed in place of the Noh hayashi musicians.)

• 日本においては，国家の命運をはるか未来まで予言したという聖徳太子『未来記』なる偽書が古くから流布し，楠木正成も味方の士気を鼓舞するためにこれを用いたという。
• In Japan, a gisho with the title 'Mirai-ki' (Accounts of Future Events) by Prince Shotoku, who was said to be able to tell the future of Japan, has circulated since ancient times, and Masashige KUSUNOKI, a famous military commander in 14th century, was said to make use of this gisho to raise the morale of his army.

• 斯議院ヲ立、天下ノ公論ヲ伸張シ、人民ノ通義権理ヲ立テ、天下ノ元気ヲ鼓舞シ、以テ上下親近シ、君臣相愛シ、我帝国ヲ維持振起シ、幸福安全ヲ保護センコトヲ欲シテ也。
• By establishing the Giin and expanding the opportunity to discuss people's opinions, we would like to respect people's rights, and raise people's sprits, so the top and the bottom will work together, lords and vassals will respect each other; we also would like to keep our state developing and protect our happy, secure society.

• このため、古来より渇水の多い香川県～愛媛県東部等での特に稲作が盛んな地域では、神輿としての用途よりもむしろ「雨乞い神具」としての性格をもって太鼓台が分布した。
• For this reason, the taikodai is distributed as 'amagoi shingu' (a ritual article for raining rite) rather than as mikoshi in Kagawa Prefecture to the eastern area of Ehime Prefecture, especially in rice-growing areas, where people have been suffering from a water-shortage since ancient time.

• しかし、さらに追っ手に追われると、菊の前は菊の前に従ってついてきた11人の侍女たちとともに、太鼓岩と呼ばれる崖の上から山の北下を流れる箒川に身を投げ自害した。
• As the pursuers approached, Kikunomae and her eleven lady attendants leaped from the bluff called Taikoiwa into the Hokigawa River on the north of the mountain to death.

• 特に、三方ヶ原の戦いに際して浜松城の太鼓を打ち鳴らし敗戦の味方を鼓舞した逸話、長篠の戦いで鳶が巣山砦の奇襲を成功させて織田信長の賞賛を受けた逸話が有名である。
• Particularly famous is an anecdote about his beating a drum in Hamamatsu Castle to raise the morale of his troops in the Battle of Mikatagahara and an anecdote about his successful surprise attack on Tobigasuyama fortress in the Battle of Nagashino, for which Nobunaga ODA praised him.

• この時の共演者には弥次郎長俊を始め、大鼓の大蔵九郎能氏（大鼓大倉流・小鼓大倉流の芸祖）、小鼓の宮増親賢、能管の彦兵衛など、歴史に名を遺した名人が連なっていた。
• Coplayers at this time included masters who became history makers including Yajiro Nagatoshi, otsuzumi (big drum) player Kuro Yoshiuji OKURA (originator of the Okura school of Otsuzumi and the Okura school of Kotsuzumi - small drum), Kotsuzumi player Chikakata MIYAMASU, and Nohkan flute player Hikobe.

• なぜあなたはわたしに告げずに、ひそかに逃げ去ってわたしを欺いたのですか。わたしは手鼓や琴で喜び歌ってあなたを送りだそうとしていたのに。 (創世記 31:27)
• Why did you flee secretly, and deceive me, and didn't tell me, that I might have sent you away with mirth and with songs, with tambourine and with harp; (Genesis 31:27)

• 1999年度までは各応援団の団太鼓の使用を許可していたが、1999年度のステージにおいて団太鼓の大音量で、新幹線の感震器を反応させ停めるという珍事を起こした。.
• The use of taiko drums of each cheerleading club was permitted until 1999; however, so much noise of taiko drums on the stage caused such an accident that a vibration sensor was activated making the Shinkansen stop.

• 日本では七福神の一人として知られる布袋尊和尚は、中国では、弥勒の化身とされ、下生した弥勒如来として仏堂の正面にその破顔と太鼓腹で膝を崩した風姿のまま祀られている。
• The priest Hotei-son, who is known in Japan as one of the seven deities of good luck, is considered to be an incarnation of Miroku in China; he is enshrined and depicted as a relaxed figure with a smile and a fat stomach, as Miroku Nyorai appeared in this world at the front of the Buddhist hall.

• 能管、小鼓、大鼓によって奏される働事には「カケリ」（翔）、「イロエ」（彩色）、「斬組」、「立廻り」（ハタラキともいう。また立廻りには太鼓入りもある）の四種がある。
• There are four kinds of hataraki-goto that are played on nohkan, kotsuzumi, and otsuzumi: 'kakeri' (a type of action piece in Noh, hataraki danced about the ghosts of warriors, shura-mono or mad people, kyoran-mono to depict suffering or distraction), 'iroe' (shosa, a conduct of Noh, short dance of the shite, a main role making the circuit of the stage silently before kuse), 'kirikumi,' and 'tachimawari' (also called hataraki and the stick drum is used in some tachimawari).

• また同漫画をはじめとする水木の妖怪画では、その名の通り和服姿の老婆として描かれているが、妖怪研究家・京極夏彦によれば佐渡島の郷土芸能・鬼太鼓の面がモデルとされる。
• In MIZUKI's pictures of specters including the above-mentioned comic, Sunakake-babaa is depicted as an old woman wearing traditional Japanese clothing as suggested by the name, but according to Natsuhiko KYOGOKU, a scholar of specters, the appearance is based on a mask used in a local performing art of Sadoga-shima Island called ondeko.

• 珍しい例であるが地方によってはその地方特有に個別の変化をして太鼓台そのものの外観がすっかり変わってしまったところもある（愛媛県西条市の太鼓台（曳き山）が顕著な例）。
• As a rare example, some regions have individually transformed the styles and the appearances of the taikodai into their own regional ones, which are completely different from other standard ones. (a prominent example: the taikodai (hikiyama) in Saijo City, Ehime Prefecture)

• イスラエルのおとめよ、再びわたしはあなたを建てる、あなたは建てられる。あなたは再び鼓をもって身を飾り、出て行って、喜び楽しむ者と共に踊る。 (エレミヤ書 31:4)
• Again will I build you, and you shall be built, O virgin of Israel: again you shall be adorned with your tambourines, and shall go forth in the dances of those who make merry. (Jeremiah 31:4)

• [5] セポイの乱の際に、我が国の国民性の最悪の部分が一般にみられたのに混じって、迫害者の情念が大いに鼓吹されたことから、大きな警告を引き出すことができるでしょう。
• Note 5 Ample warning may be drawn from the large infusion of the passions of a persecutor, which mingled with the general display of the worst parts of our national character on the occasion of the Sepoy insurrection.

• 太鼓の叩き方は地方によって異なり、掛け声も「チョーサージャ（又はヨーイッサージャ）」「ソウリャ、ソウリャ」「ヨーサージャ、ヨイヨイサージャ」等々地方ごとに特徴がある。
• There are regional differences in the style of beating the drum, and so there are differences in the calls such as 'cho-sa-ja (or yo-issa-ja),' 'sorya-sorya,' and 'yo-sa-ja, yoiyoi-sa-ja.'

• 鼓はインドで発生し、その後中国で、腰鼓(ようこ)、一鼓 (壱鼓)(いつこ)、 二鼓、三鼓 (三ノ鼓)(さんのつづみ)、四鼓、杖鼓(じようこ)等と多数の種類が発生した。
• Tsuzumi was generated in India, and after that, various kinds of Tsuzumi; waist drum (Yoko), Ikko drum, Ni no tsuzumi drum, San no tsuzumi drum, Yon no tsuzumi drum, and Joko (stick drum) were derived from it.

• 江戸時代以降、大坂市街地の南にかつて「渡辺村」と呼ばれた被差別部落民の集落があり皮革製造、太鼓製造などを行ってきたが、ここも本来の渡辺津の場所からはかなり離れている。
• After the Edo period, on the south of the urban area of Osaka City, there was a settlement of Burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast group) called 'Watanabe-mura Village,' manufacturing leather, drums and such, and this place also was a good distance from the location where Watanabe no tsu used to be.

• やがてエフタはミヅパに帰り、自分の家に来ると、彼の娘が鼓をもち、舞い踊って彼を出迎えた。彼女はエフタのひとり子で、ほかに男子も女子もなかった。 (士師記 11:34)
• Jephthah came to Mizpah to his house; and behold, his daughter came out to meet him with tambourines and with dances: and she was his only child; besides her he had neither son nor daughter. (Judges 11:34)

• 江戸期謡曲「千歳楽」が現在の倉敷市連島で創作され流行、太鼓台を担ぐ際謡曲「千歳楽」を唄うことがこの界隈で普遍化し太鼓台自体を「千歳楽」と呼ぶようになったとする説が有力。
• A predominant theory suggests that the derivation of 'senzairaku' from taikodai lie on the fact that a newly created Noh song 'senzairaku' during the Edo period in now Tsurajima, Kurashiki City became so popular that people generally chanted the song in shouldering the taikodai in their neighborhoods, which led to call the taikodai itself 'senzairaku.'

• しかし、『吾妻鏡』では広元はあくまで幕府軍の側に立って朝廷との一戦に慎重な御家人を鼓舞、主戦論を唱えた北条政子に協調して幕府軍を勝利に導いた影の功労者のひとりとされる。
• However, according to 'Azuma Kagami,' Hiromoto was on the bakufu's side, and was regarded one of contributors behind the scene who led the bakufu army to victory in collaboration with Masako HOJO, who advocated war and encouraged reluctant direct vassals of the shogun to fight against the Imperial Court.

• 差し上げ(さしあげ)とは、おもに祭で運行される神輿や太鼓台、ふとん太鼓、山車など担いで運行する方式の祭礼神具を　通常の担ぐ高さより更に高く持ち上げて舁く様子のことをさす。
• Sashiage is a way of lifting up votive objects for a Shinto home shrine, which are of a shouldered type used at a festival, such as Mikoshi (a portable shrine), Taikodai (a drum stand), Futon Daiko (a mattress drum) or Dashi (a float), higher than usual.

• 深川芸者が「太鼓結び」を発案したとき、帯の形を整えるために帯枕も発案されたが、この帯枕を隠し、かつ重くなった帯を支えるために発明されたのが帯揚げではないかと考えられている。
• When Fukagawa geisha (geisha in Fukagawa, Edo (present-day Tokyo)) devised 'taikomusubi' (a puffed-out bow of an obi), they also devised obimakura; it is considered that obiage was invented in order to hide the obimakura and to provide support for the obi which became heavier due to obimakura.

• なお、張扇を用いることはないが、舞台上で鼓が破れた場合には扇拍子でアシライを打つのが正規の代替法であり、江戸期までは素謡の席で地頭が扇拍子をとって地を統率することもあった。
• Although Hari-ogi is not used, conducting Ashirai with Ogi byoshi is the usual alternative to Tsuzumi when Tsuzumi is broken on stage, and until the Edo period, jigashira (the leader of group reciters) controlled ji (reciters) by conducting Ogi byoshi in the performance of Su-utai (Noh lyrics without music).

• 強盗返は演技や演劇の進行を妨げることなく短時間で場面を切り換える手段として用いられ、歌舞伎では「どんでんどんでん」と鳴る大太鼓の音からどんでん返しの名で呼ばれることがある。
• Gando gaeshi is used for changing scenes in a small amount of time without impeding the progress of a performance or a play, and in Kabuki it is sometimes called 'donden gaeshi' after the sound of an odaiko (large drum) which is like 'Donden-Donden'.

• 方相氏が大内裏を回るとき、公卿は清涼殿の階(きざはし)から弓矢をもって方相氏に対して弓 (武器)をひき、殿上人（でんじょうびと）らは振り鼓(でんでん太鼓)をふって厄を払った。
• When Hososhi went around the Imperial Palace and government offices, court nobles holding bows and an arrows drew their weapons at Hososhi from the stairs in the Seiryoden (Literally Limpid Cool Hall, an imperial summer palace), and tenjobito (high-ranking courtiers allowed into the Imperial Palace) performed exorcism by rolling the handles of den-den drums.

• なお、三味線・「おおど（＝平太鼓）」・締太鼓で奏でられる寄席囃子には、『地車』という曲がある（笑福亭仁鶴 (3代目)の落語のレコードには、この出囃子が用いられたものもある）。
• In addition, there is a piece of music called 'Danjiri' in yosebayashi (rakugo theater music) which is played with shamisen, oodo (flat drum) and shime-daiko drum (this debayashi [stage music at a traditional comic variety theater] was used in some rakugo records of Nikaku SHOFUKUTEI [the third]).

• 各像のポーズは変化に富み、琴、琵琶、縦笛、横笛、笙、太鼓、鼓、鉦鼓などの楽器を奏する像が27体あり、他には合掌するもの、幡や蓮華などを持つもの、立って舞う姿のものなどがある。
• Each carving is in a different posture, and there are 27 carvings with some playing instruments such as koto, biwa, end-blown flutes, transverse flutes, free-reed instruments, drums, hand drums ad small gongs, and others putting their hands together in prayer, holding banners or lotus flowers or dancing.

• 中でも、ある少年和太鼓集団は、少年の和太鼓集団自体は非常に多い中で珍しく、ふんどし一丁で行い、最後の曲で半天、半タコを脱いで、ふんどし一丁になると多大な拍手喝采が起こるらしい。
• There are enormous numbers of Japanese boys drum groups, but among them, a group performs in only a loincloth, and in their last play, they take off the hantako leaving only the loincloth and bring about a large applause.

• 人間の生命の根元である心臓の鼓動に太鼓の鼓動がシンクロすることによって、自らを鼓舞する性質があるという説もあり、戦における太鼓の使用はこの説に従えば有効な活用法であったと言える。
• Because the beats of the Japanese drum synchronize with the pulses of the heart, which is the beginning of human life, there is even a theory that the Japanese drum has the nature to encourage one's will, according to this theory, the use of drums in war provides an effective practical use.

• 地域によって様々な違いがあるが、2～6名程度の人間が乗り込んで内部の太鼓を叩き、その太鼓の音に合わせて掛け声をかけ、数十人～百人以上で担ぎ上げ、練り歩くという形式は共通している。
• The taikodai shows a wide regional variation in the form and the style, but has a common style that two to six men get into the taikodai and beat the drum placed in it, providing the rhythm that guides dozens to more than one hundred men below who shoulder the taikodai and parade through their parishes, shouting a call synchronized exactly with the drum beat.

• 他の呼称として太鼓・ふとん太鼓・ちょうさ・頂載（ちょうさい）・千歳楽（千才楽）・ヤッサ・四つ太鼓・ふとん御輿・御輿太鼓・布団だんじり・太鼓山等、総称として屋台・太鼓屋台等がある。
• Other names of taikodai are taiko, futon-daiko (mattress drum), chosa, chosai, senzairaku, yassa, yotsu-daiko (literally, four drums), futon-mikoshi (literally, mattress portable shrine), mikoshi-daiko (literally, portable shrine drum), futon-danjiri, and taiko-yama, and the general terms are yatai and taiko-yatai.

• 太鼓台には神輿（神の輿）としての役割はないが、布団屋根の太鼓台の布団部分、また神輿屋根の太鼓台の擬宝珠部分には神霊が宿ると考える地域があることから、ある種の依り代とも考えられる。
• Although the taikodai serves no function in festivals as mikoshi (portable shrine), the taikodai is also believed to be a kind of yorishiro (an object where the gods reside) because divine spirits are thought to dwell at the roof part of the futonyane (roof part of a taikodai is called 'futon') on the taikodai, or at a giboshi (a decoration in the shape of the onion-bulb jewel) of the mikoshiyane (a roof of a mikoshi) on the taikodai in some areas.

• 和太鼓は、縄文時代には既に、情報伝達の手段として利用されていたといわれており、日本における太鼓の歴史は非常に古く、日本神話の天岩戸の場面でも桶を伏せて音を鳴らしたと伝えられている。
• It is said that the Japanese drum had already been used as a means of the information transmission during the Jomon Period, and the history of the drum in Japan is very old and can even be traced back to a scene in the Japanese myth 'ama-no-iwato' (the door of the rock room in heaven) in which a tub was placed bottom upward to make a sound.

• 北京鐘鼓楼（zh北京鼓樓和鐘樓、enBeijing Gulou and Zhonglou）のように北に鐘楼・南に鼓楼を配置したものや、山海関鐘鼓楼のように一体の楼閣である場合もある。
• As can be seen in the bell and drum towers in Beijing (Beijing Gulou and Zhonglou), some have a bell tower in the north and a drum tower in the south while others have bell and drum towers in a single building like in Shanhaiguan shodrum tower.

• 台輪と呼ばれる土台部分に太鼓、担ぐための舁き棒（4本が最も多い）、高欄、四本柱と続き、この上に支輪と四方を飾る雲板、そしてその上に布団または重と呼ばれる屋根という構造が一般的である。
• The standard structure of taikodai includes a basic part called daiwa (an architrave), on which a drum is placed, a koran (a balustrade) and four columns built on the daiwa, a shirin (a dressed lumber) fixed on the top of the four columns, an unpan (a metallic plate designed in the shape of cloud such as a signal) decorating the four sides of the shirin, and a roof on top of the taikodai, known as futon or ju; all these parts rest on katsugibo (shouldering poles, a taikodai with four poles is most popular).

• 宇治の猿楽座はもと幸・藤若・梅松・守菊の四座であったが、早くも天文年間には廃絶し、正忠の子四郎次郎忠能は小鼓の名人宮増親賢に師事し、また金春禅鳳に能を学ぶなどして、金春座で活躍した。
• There were four Sarugaku troupes in Uji - Ko, Fujiwaka, Umematsu (梅松) and Shugiku (守菊) - but they were abolished between 1532 and 1554, and Masatada's son, Shirojiro Tadayoshi studied under Chikakata MIYAMASU, who was a master of kotsuzumi, learned Noh from Zenpo KONPARU, and then played an active part in the Konparu troupe.

• 髷には「両天簪」といわれる豪華な細工がある金属の簪を挿し、髷の中には「鼓」と言われる楽器の鼓の形をした装飾品で髷の整形を兼ね（使用しないこともある）、根元には赤地錦などをくくりつけた。
• A metal kanzashi (an ornamental hairpin) with elaborate workmanship called 'ryoten kanzashi' was inserted into the mage, and an ornament shaped like a musical instrument called 'Tsuzumi' (hand drum) was put inside the mage to be combined for forming a shape (this may not be used) and red nishiki (brocade) was attached at the base.

• 毒鼓とは、毒薬を塗った太鼓で、それを打ち鳴らすと聞いた人はみんな死んでしまうという伝説であり、それと同じように仏の教えは衆生の貪・瞋・癡の三毒を滅すことができるということを表している。
• The legend holds that the dokku was a drum to which poison was applied, and that when the drum was beaten, all the people hearing the sound would die; in the same way, the teachings of Buddha are to eliminate the three poisons of avarice, anger and ignorance among people.

• 『平家物語』では兵の乱暴狼藉を鎮めるよう求めたところ、義仲から「和殿が鼓判官といふは、万（よろず）の人に打たれたか、張られたか」と尋ねられて面食らい、法皇に義仲討伐を進言したとされる。
• In 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike), it is described that, when Tomoyasu required Yoshinaka to suppress riotous behaviors by soldiers, he was bewildered by Yoshinaka's question, 'Is the reason why you are called as Tsuzumi no Hogan that you have been hit or tapped by many person?' and he suggested the Cloistered Emperor to subjugate Yoshinaka.

• 前者を「複式」（多種多様の太鼓によって演奏されるもの）と「単式」（一種の太鼓によるもの）と分類し、後者を「複打」（二人以上で演奏されるもの）と「単打」（一人で演奏されるもの）に分類する。
• The former is classified into 'multiple drums' (performed with various drums) and 'single drum' (performed with only one types of drums), while the latter is classified into 'multiple drummers' (performed by at least two drummers) and 'single drummer' (performed by only one drummer).

• 中国地方の山間I部では、旧家の由緒ある田に美しく着飾ったウシを入れて代かきをし、ささら・笛・太鼓・鉦などの囃に合わせて田植歌をうたいながら早乙女たちが田植をすることを大田植と呼んでいる。
• In some mountainous areas in Chugoku region, Otaue refers to having rice planted by female rice planters singing in accompaniment to hayashi (a musical accompaniment in Japanese classical or folk music) played on traditional Japanese instruments such as the sasara (a traditional Japanese percussion instrument), fue (Japanese flute), drums, and bells in an old family's rice fields have been cultivated with the use of beautifully dressed cows.

• 中世に入り「南無阿弥陀仏」の念仏に複雑な節がつけられ、当初は鉦だけであったが、それに太鼓が加わったお囃子となり、六斎日におこなれるようになったことから、「六斎念仏」と呼ばれるようになった。
• In the medieval times, a complicated rendition of the phrase 'Namu Amidabutsu' (prayer for Amida Buddha) was created, accompanied at first only by a gong, which, with the addition of a Japanese drum, developed into ohayashi (Japanese-style band music) and was performed on Rokusai-nichi (the Sabbath/six days per month), thus called 'Rokusai Nenbutsu.'

• 神輿が神社の所有物であるのに対して、太鼓台は山車と同様に氏子地域からの出し物であることが多く、太鼓台の祭礼における役割は神幸祭のお供や先導（露払い）、および神前での練りによる奉納等である。
• While a mikoshi (a portable shrine) belongs to a shrine, a taikodai as well as a dashi usually belongs to the area of ujiko (shrine parishioners) who donate and maintain it, and the role of taikodai in rites and festivals is to accompany the Shinko-sai Festival (a kind of Shinto ritual; carrying the deity in a mikoshi from a shrine through the community), to lead its parades (tsuyuharai; a forerunner), and to dedicate them before the gods.

• 「萬福寺」16棟（総門、三門、天王殿、大雄宝殿、法堂、鐘楼、鼓楼、伽藍堂、祖師堂、斎堂、禅堂、東方丈、西方丈、祠堂、大庫裏、威徳殿）（附廊8棟、鎮守社、廊棟札、伽藍絵図5点、作事関係文書7冊）
• 16 buildings of Manpuku-ji Temple (main gate, Sammon gate, Tenno-den hall, Daio Ho-den hall, Hatto, Belfry, Drum tower, Garan-do hall, Soshi-do hall, Sai-do hall, Zen-do hall, Tohojo, Seihojo, Shi-do hall, Okuri, Itoku-den hall) (including 8 corridors, Tutelary shrine, Ro Munefuda, 5 paintings of the temple, 7 books relating to the temple's construction).

• その他、喜多川守貞の『守貞謾稿』にも、「七月七日、今夜を七夕という、今世、大坂ニテハ、・・・太鼓など打ちて終日遊ぶこと也。江戸ニテハ、・・・・青竹ニ短冊色紙ヲ付ケ、高ク屋上ニ建ルコト。」とある。
• In 'Morisada Manko' written by Morisada KITAGAWA, there also is a description saying 'The night of July 7 is tanabata. In Osaka, people play throughout the day while beating drums. In Edo, people hang colored tanzaku on a green bamboo and place it high on the roof'.

• 交差点、広場、神前などの見せ場で太鼓台を頭上高く手で持ち上げる、放り上げる、大きく揺らす、回転する、大通りを走り抜ける、装飾品をはずし他の地区と鉢合わせにするなどして奉納したり競い合ったりする。
• Raising the taikodai up above the carriers' head by hands, tossing it, swaying it roughly, revolving it, running through main streets with the taikodai on the shoulders of carriers, ramming it against the other area's taikodai after taking off its decorations - these dedications and competitions take place at parade places, such as intersections, squares, before the gods.

• 彦根城の建築物には、大津城からの天守を始め、佐和山城から佐和口多門櫓（非現存）と太鼓櫓門、小谷城から西ノ丸三重櫓、観音寺城からや、どこのものかは不明とされているが太鼓門、等の移築伝承が多くある。
• There are many structures transferred from other castles in Hikone-jo Castle such as tenshu from Otsu-jo Castle, Sawaguchi Tamon-yagura (corridor-style gate acted as a stonehouse and defense post at the entrance to the second enclosure) (not existent) and Taiko-yagura Mon (Drum Tower Gate) from Sawayama-jo Castle, nishi no maru sanju yagura (three-storied tower located at the northwest corner of nishi no maru) from Odani-jo Castle and Taiko-mon Gate (Drum Gate) from Kannonji-jo Castle or not known from where.

• 1988年より清水晧祐（小鼓方大倉流）・成田達志（小鼓方幸流）・守家由訓（大鼓方観世流）・中田弘美（太鼓方金春流）ら、大阪の能楽師囃子方の同世代と共に能楽グループ『響』を結成（- 2002年）。
• In 1988, he formed a Noh group 'Hibiki' (- 2002) together with Noh-hayashikata players (instrumentalist for Noh plays) of his generation who lived in Osaka, such as Kosuke SHIMIZU (Kotsuzumi-kata [a small hand drum player] of the Okura school), Tatsushi NARITA (a small hand-drum player of the Ko school), Yoshinori MORIYA (a knee-drum player of the Kanze school) and Hiromi NAKATA (Taiko-kata [a stick-drum player] of the Konparu school).

• また、この時期になると造作物のみならず、派手な衣装に身を包んで笛や太鼓の音に囃されて練り歩く「囃子物」やこれに合わせて拍子を取る「拍子物」、集団で踊りを演じる「風流踊」などが出現するようになった。
• In the same period, people appeared as well as things: the 'Hayashimono' who marched with flutes and drums and wore gorgeous clothes, the 'Hyoshimono' who accompanied the Hayashimono and beat time for them, and the 'Furyuodori' who danced in a group.

• 戦後には、時代劇では『大江戸五人男』、天才棋士坂田三吉を演じた『王将 (1948年の映画)』、コミカルな現代劇『破れ太鼓』などの作品に主演し、大河内伝次郎とともに正真正銘の「スター」であり続けた。
• After the war, he starred in productions such as the period movie 'Oedo Gonin Otoko' (Five Men of Edo), 'Osho' (King) in 1948, a movie based on the life of the gifted professional shogi player Sankichi SAKATA and a comical modern drama 'Yabure-daiko' (A Broken Drum) and was a true 'star' together with Denjiro OKOCHI.

• そこには2週間滞在したが、かれの運命の鼓動に対し、かれの運命そのものに対し、大学は、学費を支払うために警備員をやるよう指示し、その仕事を軽蔑したかれは、大学の恐ろしく冷淡な態度に幻滅してしまった。
• He stayed there two weeks, dismayed at its ferocious indifference to the drums of his destiny, to destiny itself, and despising the janitor's work with which he was to pay his way through.

• 大日如来の周囲には4体の如来（宝幢－ほうどう、開敷華王－かいふけおう、阿弥陀如来－むりょうじゅ、天鼓雷音－てんくらいおん）と4体の菩薩（普賢菩薩、文殊菩薩、観音菩薩、弥勒菩薩）、計8体が表わされる。
• Around Dainichi Nyorai, all 8 statues, namely 4 of Nyorai (Hodo (Ratnaketu Tathagata), Kaifukeo (Samkusumitaraja), Amida Nyorai (or Muryoju, Amitabha Tathagata) and Tenkuraion (Divyadundubhimeghanirghosa)) and 4 of Bosatsu (Fugen bosatsu (Samantabhadra Bodhisattva), Monju Bosatsu (Manjusri), Kannon Bosatsu (Kannon Buddhisattva) and Miroku Bosatsu (Buddha of the Future, Bodhisattva of the Present), are depicted.

• 仏教では、法華宗・日蓮宗の団扇太鼓以外では太鼓を使うことはあまり見られず打楽器としてはもっぱら木魚（法華宗・日蓮宗では木柾）と鈴が使われるが、大規模な行事には銅鑼や鉦鼓などと一緒に太鼓が用いられる。
• In Buddhism, the Japanese drum is not so often seen to be used except for the round fan drum in the Hokke and Nichiren Sects; as far as percussion instruments are concerned, the mokugyo (a fish-shaped small wooden gong) and the bell are exclusively used (the Hokke and Nichiren sects, however, use mokusho (a round small wooden gong) instead of mokugyo), nevertheless for a large-scale event, the Japanese drum is used with the metallic gongs and metallic drums.

• 呼び名の語源は「太閤（秀吉）を持ち上げる」というところから転じて「太閤持ち→太鼓持ち」と呼ばれるようになったという説や、鳴り物である太鼓を叩いて踊ることからそう呼ばれるようになったとする説などがある。
• For the origin of the name, there are theories including that it comes from 'Taiko (father of the Imperial adviser [Hideyoshi]) wo mochiageru' (to praise taiko), which changed to 'Taikomochi,' and that they are called so because they beat an musical instrument taiko (drum) and dance.

• ただし、寿司職人の間で戦前の寿司一人前分、握り寿司5つと三つ切りの海苔巻き2つを、太鼓のバチ（チャンチキ）に例えて「5かんのチャンチキ」と呼んだと紹介されている（篠田統『すしの本』1970年増補版）。
• However, it described that sushi chefs said five pieces of Nigiri-zushi and two rolls of Norimaki (vinegared rice rolled in a sheet of dried seaweed with various fillings in the center) cut into three pieces, which were equivalent to a sushi set for one person in prewar times, 'chanchiki (gong) of five kan' as compared to drum sticks (enlarged edition of 'Sushi Book' written by Osamu SHINODA in 1970).

• 日蓮の命日の前夜（10月12日）は、お逮夜（おたいや）と呼ばれ、各地から集まった信徒団体の集まり（講中）が、行列し万灯や提灯を掲げ、纏を振り、団扇太鼓や鉦を叩き、題目を唱えながら境内を練り歩くのである。
• On the eve of Nichiren's anniversary (October 12) called Otaiya, groups of believers (kochu) gathered from around the nation parade inside the precincts hoisting mando candles (candles for Buddhist service) and chochin (a lantern), waving matoi (firemen's flag), beating uchiwa-daiko (a round fan drum) and shoko drums and chanting daimoku (Nichiren chant).

• 最近では、手軽に作れるシール形式の千社札が急増しており、宗教的な用途以外にも、名札の代わりにしたり、気合を込めるの意味で太鼓の達人のプレイに使用する自作の撥に貼り付けたりと、様々な用途が生み出されている。
• Recently, easily-made sticker type senjafuda have increased and are used other than for religious purposes such as for business cards and some kind of amulet stuck to 'bachi' (drumsticks) of a drum master to inspire himself when he performs.

• 康頼は保司庁、鼓楼、六坊寺を建て、熊野神社を勧請し、鬼界山補陀らく寺を建てたがその名が示す通り鬼界が島の俊寛を弔うものであり、又、慈眼山玉林寺を建て源平の戦いで死んだ者を源平の区別無く供養したと云われる。
• Besides building the hoji office, Koro Tower, Rokubo-ji Temple and branch shrines of Kumano-jinja Shrine, Yasuyori built Fudaraku-ji Temple on Mt. Kikai to mourn for Shunkan in Kikaiga-shima Island (Fudaraku-ji means 'temple for Kannon Worship' and Kikaiga-shima was regarded as the jodo (pure land of Kannon)); and built Gyokurin-ji Temple on Mt.Jigen where he held memorial services for all those killed in the Genpei War (war between the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan) irrespective of their allegiances.

• 1988年より清水晧祐（小鼓方大倉流）・山本哲也 (能楽師)（大鼓方大倉流）・守家由訓（大鼓方観世流）・中田弘美（太鼓方金春流）ら、大阪の能楽師囃子方の同世代と共に能楽グループ『響』を結成（～2002年）。
• Since 1988 to 2002, he established 'Hibiki,' a group of Noh actors with Nohgaku hayashikata (the accompanists of Noh play) of the same generation in Osaka, including Kosuke SHIMIZU (the Okura school of kotsuzumi-kata), Tetsuya YAMAMOTO (Noh actor) (the Okura school of otsuzumi-kata [large hand drum player]), Yoshinori MORIYA (the Kanze school of otsuzumi-kata), and Hiromi NAKATA (the Konparu school of taiko-kata [stick drum player]).

• 人々が引き揚げてきた時、すなわちダビデが、かのペリシテびとを殺して帰った時、女たちはイスラエルの町々から出てきて、手鼓と祝い歌と三糸の琴をもって、歌いつ舞いつ、サウル王を迎えた。 (サムエル記上 18:6)
• It happened as they came, when David returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, that the women came out of all the cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet king Saul, with tambourines, with joy, and with instruments of music. (1 Samuel 18:6)

• 例えば細めの撥で細かく叩くと雨の音、布を巻いた撥で弱く柔らかい音を低く響かせると雪の音、それらの合間に別の撥を水平に宛て、鼓面の震えを拾ってビリビリという音をたてると雷や雪崩の音を表現するといった具合である。
• Here are some examples: when the Japanese drum is struck successively with narrow drumsticks, it represents the sound of raindrops; when it is struck softly and weakly emitting low sound with drumsticks wrapped with a cloth, it represents the sound of the snow; when between those intervals it is struck horizontally with drumsticks picking up the tremble on the drum surface giving out cracking clamors, it represents the sound of thunder or avalanche.

• 昭和になるまで和太鼓はそれを主体とする音楽に発展することはなかったが、太鼓奏者の小口大八は、胴の長さや直径等の違いで音が違ってくることを利用し、これを組み合わせることによって太鼓をひとつの音楽に仕立て上げた。
• Although the Japanese drum did not develop into music with itself being the main constituent until the start of Showa Period, drum player Daihachi OGUCHI made use of the fact that the sound differs in accordance with the length of the trunk, the diameter of the skin surface and the combination of both, to tailor the Japanese drum in order to perform a piece of music.

• 千葉県成田市の成田山新勝寺は、東国の混乱をおそれた朱雀天皇の密勅により海路（陸路は日数を要す）下向した寛朝僧正が、対将門勢の士気を鼓舞するために祈祷を行ったとされる場所に、言い伝えによって建てられた寺院である。
• Naritasan Shinsho-ji Temple in Narita City, Chiba Prefecture, is a temple which, according to legend, was built over a place where a prayer ritual to vitalize the anti-Masakado forces was conducted by Buddhist Priest Kancho Sojo, who took the sea route (land route took too long) to go down to the Kanto area on a secret order from Emperor Suzaku, who feared the disorder in the eastern provinces.

• その中でも笛（篠笛・能管・龍笛など）、和太鼓（中音の打楽器を担当する締太鼓や、低音の打楽器を担当する大太鼓や大胴、そのほか大拍子、団扇太鼓、担ぎ太鼓など）、鉦（摺鉦・当たり鉦、高音の打楽器を担当する）の3種が多い。
• Even amongst these, three types of instrument are prevalent: the flute (high and medium pitched transverse bamboo flutes, Noh flutes etc), traditional drums (mid-range 'Taiko' drums keeping beat as well as other large drums, fan drums and carried drums etc), and gongs, (made of metal, percussion instruments with a high register).

• 1962年の火災で旧本尊・地蔵菩薩半跏像（鎌倉時代）、四天王立像（鎌倉時代）、正嘉元年（1257年）銘の金鼓（お堂の前に吊るす「鰐口」のこと）などの寺宝を焼失した（地蔵像、四天王像、金鼓はいずれも当時重要文化財）。
• In the fire of 1962, temple treasures including the former principal image statue of Ksitigarbha seated in the half-lotus position (Kamakura period), a standing statue of the four heavenly kings (Kamakura Period), a metal gong ('waniguchi', which hangs at the front temple halls) inscription of the year of 1257 (the Ksitigarbha statue, four heavenly kings statue and metal gong were all Important Cultural Properties), were destroyed.

• 教育の精神は単に学問を授けるばかりではない、高尚（こうしょう）な、正直な、武士的な元気を鼓吹（こすい）すると同時に、野卑（やひ）な、軽躁（けいそう）な、暴慢（ぼうまん）な悪風を掃蕩（そうとう）するにあると思います。
• The spirit of education is not only in imparting technical knowledges, but also in encouraging honest, ennobling and samurai-like virtues, while eliminating the evil tendency to vulgarity and roughness.

• 私の著作の最良のものの鼓舞者であり、部分的には著者でもあった彼女--その真理と正義についての崇高な感覚が私の最高の刺激であり、その称賛が私の主要な褒美であった友にして妻への愛しくも悲痛な思い出に、この本を捧げます。
• To the beloved and deplored memory of her who was the inspirer, and in part the author, of all that is best in my writings―the friend and wife whose exalted sense of truth and right was my strongest incitement, and whose approbation was my chief reward―I dedicate this volume.

• 西園寺の国葬当日、立命館大学では西園寺から使用を許可されていた西園寺家・家紋「左巴」を染めた旗を半旗として広小路学舎校門に掲げ、禁衛隊の鼓笛隊演奏、西園寺から寄贈された旅順港閉鎖船・佐倉丸の鐘を鳴らし西園寺を偲んだ。
• On the day of SAIONJI's state funeral, at Ritsumeikan University, the people commemorated SAIONJI, by displaying the flag of the Saionji family, which was dyed with the family emblem 'Left Tomoe' (a pattern of one ore more curled tadpole shapes inside a circle), at half-staff at the school gate of Hirokoji Campus, while the music was performed by drum and fife band of the Imperial guards, all while ringing the bells of the ship, Sakura maru, which was used to close the Port Arthur, that was donated by SAIONJI.

• 渡御行列の順序は祭礼によってまちまちであるが、行列の先頭部には先導役の猿田彦がいることが多く、その次に御幣、笠鉾、獅子、幟、高張り提灯、太鼓などの露払いの役目を持つものや先頭を示すものがあって、神輿がくることが多い。
• The order of the togyo parade differs depending upon the festival, but often at the beginning of the parade, the sarudabiko (Shinto god) leads the way, and then things that serve as outriders such as staff with plaited paper streamers used in Shinto, kasaboko, liondog, flag, large paper lantern on a pole, drum, or things that indicate the head of the parade, and then often the portable shrine.

• ああ、わがはらわたよ、わがはらわたよ、わたしは苦しみにもだえる。ああ、わが心臓の壁よ、わたしの心臓は、はげしく鼓動する。わたしは沈黙を守ることができない、ラッパの声と、戦いの叫びを聞くからである。 (エレミヤ書 4:19)
• My anguish, my anguish! I am pained at my very heart; my heart is disquieted in me; I can't hold my peace; because you have heard, O my soul, the sound of the trumpet, the alarm of war. (Jeremiah 4:19)

• 満州事変勃発以降は、戦時体制・翼賛体制が強化されたことを勘案しても、満州国成立を容認・擁護し、昭和17年（1942年）に発表した『白櫻集』で、以前の歌「君死にたまうことなかれ」とは正反対に、戦争を美化し、鼓舞する歌を作った。
• After the Manchurian Incident broke out, by taking into consideration that the wartime regime and Yokusan Taisei (Support system of Taisei Yokusan-kai - Imperial Rule Assistance Association) were strengthened, she approved and supported the establishment of Manchukuo and in 'Hakuo-shu' that she published in 1942, she wrote poems that glorified and encouraged the war, completely opposite of her pervious work 'Kimi Shinitamou koto nakare.'

• 式三番に要する役者は、翁役の大夫（シテ方）、千歳役（上掛りではシテ方、下掛りでは狂言方）、三番叟役（狂言方）、面箱持役（上掛りに限って出る。狂言方。三番叟の段で問答の相手役を勤める）、笛方、小鼓方3名、大鼓方の計8ないし9名。
• Shiki Sanban requires the total of eight or nine actors who play the role of Okina (Shite-kata, which means the protagonist) which is performed by Tayu (the head of each school of Noh), the role of Senzai (Shite-kata in Kamigakari composed of the Kanze and Hosho schools of Noh sharing the same roots in Kyoto and Kyogen-kata, or Kyogen-shi, in Shimogakari comprising the Konparu, Kongo, and Kita schools of Noh sharing the same roots in Nara), the role of Sanbaso (Kyogen-kata), the role of Menbako-mochi (who makes an appearance as Kyogen-kata only in Kamigakari to play opposite in the dialogue of the Sanbaso section), Fue-kata (a flute player), three Kotsuzumi-kata (small hand-drum players), and Otsuzumi-kata (a large hand-drum player).

• 「かくて今や竜の恐ろしき怒りをまぬかれたる戦士は、かの真鍮の楯を思い浮べ、そが上にしるされたる妖術（ようじゅつ）を解かんとて、竜の骸（むくろ）を道より押しのけ、勇を鼓して館（やかた）の白銀の床を踏み、楯のかかれる壁へ近づきけるに、
• 'And now, the champion, having escaped from the terrible fury of the dragon, bethinking himself of the brazen shield, and of the breaking up of the enchantment which was upon it, removed the carcass from out of the way before him, and approached valorously over the silver pavement of the castle to where the shield was upon the wall ;

• 「『経文』にも『論文』にも『釈義』にも、かつて登録されない珍妙怪奇の『造り名目（つくりみょうもく）』を以て、相手を煙に捲かうといふのは、モー法義論談の分域を通り越して、残るところは貞安の人格問題だ」（雑誌『毒鼓・殉教号』67頁、獅子王文庫発行）
• He tried to confuse the opponent by using such a strange 'sham term' that had not been registered in any of 'Sutras,' 'Thesis,' and 'Commentary,' which was a problem of his personality before talking about the problem of dhamma.' (according to a magazine 'Dokku, Junkyogo' p.67, published by Shishiobunko)

• 踊りの振り付けについてはトモコダンスプラネットを主宰する今中友子が、踊りの音楽や衣装については株式会社太鼓センターが中心となって制作し、完成した踊りには第2回京都学生祭典の企画名の一つであった「京宴（きょうえん）」と仮称ながら名称が付けられた。
• Choreography was assigned to Tomoko IMANAKA, head of Tomoko Dance Planet, with music and costumes being produced mainly by Taiko Center Co., Ltd., and the completed dance was tentatively named 'Kyoen (feast in Kyoto)', after the title of an event included in the second Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa.

• この布団締めは刺繍などの装飾などによって時代とともに豪華さを増していき、近年の太鼓台では金糸で立体に高縫いされた左右一対のつがいの竜の刺繍が 重の側面のほとんどを覆い隠すまでとなり、重を束ねる帯としての役割から重を飾る飾り面として変化している。
• With the times, these pieces of futon-jime, decorated with embroidery, become more luxurious enough to recently lose the function to bundle the futon as obi (sash for kimono), and to decorate almost all of the four sides of the ju with a brace of three dimensional dragons in symmetry embroidered with gold thread.

• 赤穂浪士の討ち入りを題材とした歌舞伎の演目には、『仮名手本忠臣蔵』のほかにもいわゆる「義士外伝」としてこの『松浦の太鼓』をはじめ、『忠臣連理の鉢植』（植木屋）、『赤垣源蔵徳利の別れ』、『鳩の平右衛門』、『弥作の鎌腹』、『本蔵下屋敷』などがある。
• Apart from 'Kanadehon Chushingura' (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers), plays so called `Gishi gaiden' (The biography and story about the person except Ako Roshi) that includes 'Matsu-ura no taiko,' 'Chushin Renri no Hachiue' (uekiya, gardener), 赤垣源蔵徳利の別れ,''Hato no Heiemon,' 'Yasaku no Kamabara,' and 'Honzo Simoyashiki,'are the plays of Kabuki dealing with the raid of Ako Roshi.

• 三婦が下帯を床の若い衆に解かせる場面においては、東京では地味に、又床の店に入るが、上方では三婦が床の者に下帯を持たせ「それ、引いたりしょ。」の掛け声から下座音楽に「かんから太鼓」を交える派手な演出となり、いかにも上方らしいサービス満点さが楽しい。
• In the scene where Sabu makes some young people at Toko no mise (store) remove their loincloths, he enters the store again quietly in Tokyo, but the staging is colorful in kamigata and Sabu has the Toko no people wear loincloths calling out 'Let's pull it' and geze (off-stage) music with 'Kankara Daiko' (drum), which is fullly enjoyable truly like kamigata.

• 参謀の西郷隆盛に補佐され官軍は東海道を下って行くが、この東征の旅路も実はのどかなものであり、親王は常に輿に乗って移動し、途中の宿場で馬の遠乗りをしたり、各地の名産品に舌鼓を打ったり、花見や和歌に興じたりする様子が親王自身の日記に書き残されている。
• The Prince was supported by a staff officer, Takamori SAIGO and as the government army was advancing down the Tokaido, it was recorded in Imperial Taruhito's diary that it was a quiet country road to the east, the Prince was on the palanquin, he went on horseback, riding to far places along the way, ate many nice foods which were popular in various places, and enjoyed looking at Cherry blossoms and writing poetry.

• その後、あなたは神のギベアへ行く。そこはペリシテびとの守備兵のいる所である。あなたはその所へ行って、町にはいる時、立琴、手鼓、笛、琴を執る人々を先に行かせて、預言しながら高き所から降りてくる一群の預言者に会うでしょう。 (サムエル記上 10:5)
• 'After that you shall come to the hill of God, where is the garrison of the Philistines: and it shall happen, when you have come there to the city, that you shall meet a band of prophets coming down from the high place with a psaltery, and a tambourine, and a pipe, and a harp, before them; and they will be prophesying: (1 Samuel 10:5)

• 半タコ（トランクス）、腹巻き（さらし1反）に半天（半纏、袢纏、法被）というのが一般的だが、創作和太鼓においては、集団によっては、白い着物に赤、紫、紺、等の袴、又、一部の集団に於いては男性（ごく稀に少年）は曲目によってはふんどし一丁、という所もある。
• In general, a drummer wears hantako (trunks) with a bellyband (a band of bleached cloth) and a hanten (a short coat originally for craftsmen worn over a kimono) or a happi coat (a workman's livery coat), however, in a creative Japanese drum performance, the costumes may be a white kimono, with a hakama (a long pleated skirt worn over a kimono) of color such as red, or dark blue, depending on the groups, and there are also groups of men (sometimes boys in extremely rare cases) dressed in loincloths, depending on the play.

• また、1990年代前半ころ、ビデオカメラ（カムコーダ）が各家庭に普及し始め、そのカムコーダを用いて長柄八幡宮・南長柄八幡宮、そして「キタ」の華麗さを取り入れた平野地車囃子保存会による、派手な親太鼓の演奏を録画して真似る保存会、講・連が増えていった。
• Also, in the early 1990s, as camcorders started to spread amongst families, there was an increase in preservation societies, Ko and Ren, recording the showy performance of the oyadaiko played by Nagae-hachimangu Shrine, Minami Nagae-hachimangu Shrine and Hirano Danjiri-bayashi hozonkai which took in the splendor of the performance of 'Kita' (a part of the Kita Ward in Osaka City).

• なにせ二日前のことですから、そう毛皮と豪奢なショールをまとったらくだが、美しい花嫁を運んで街の城壁のまわりをめぐり、そのあいだ太鼓やシンバルがなりひびき、女性たちは歌い、祝砲がなりひびき、花婿がなんといっても一番多くらくだの周りで祝砲をあげたのは。
• It was only two days ago that the camel, adorned with furs and with costly shawls, had carried her, the beauteous bride, round the walls of the city, while drums and cymbals had sounded, the women sang, and festive shots, of which the bridegroom fired the greatest number, resounded round the camel;

• しかしそれが上に述べた地歩を固めた君主であるとすると、彼は命令を下せるし、逆境にもひるまなし勇敢な人であり、他の資質にも翔るところがなく、その決断と活力で全民衆を鼓舞しつづけるでしょうから、こうした人は民衆から欺かれることはないし、その基盤がしっかりしたものであることを見せつけることでしょう。
• But granted a prince who has established himself as above, who can command, and is a man of courage, undismayed in adversity, who does not fail in other qualifications, and who, by his resolution and energy, keeps the whole people encouraged ? such a one will never find himself deceived in them, and it will be shown that he has laid his foundations well.

• しかしそれが上に述べた地歩を固めた君主であるとすると、彼は命令を下せるし、逆境にもひるまない勇敢な人であり、他の資質にも翔るところがなく、その決断と活力で全民衆を鼓舞しつづけるでしょうから、こうした人は民衆から欺かれることはないし、その基盤がしっかりしたものであることを見せつけることでしょう。
• But granted a prince who has established himself as above, who can command, and is a man of courage, undismayed in adversity, who does not fail in other qualifications, and who, by his resolution and energy, keeps the whole people encouraged--such a one will never find himself deceived in them, and it will be shown that he has laid his foundations well.

• 「守貞漫稿」には食品以外にもほうき、花、風鈴、銅の器、もぐさ、暦、筆墨、樽、おけ、たき付け用の木くず、ざる、蚊帳、草履、みのかさ、植木、小太鼓、シャボン玉、金魚、鈴虫・松虫などの昆虫、錦鯉など日用品や子供のおもちゃ、果てはペットを商う振売も紹介されている。
• In addition to the food peddlers, the 'Morisadamanko' introduces other furiuri dealing with daily necessities including brooms, flowers, wind bells, copper containers, moxa, calendars, ink, barrels, tubs, kindling woodchips, baskets, mosquito nets, sandals, straw raincoats and hats, garden trees, small drums, soap bubbles, gold fish, insects such as bell cricket and pine cricket, varicolored golden carps as well as children's toys, and on top of that, pet peddlers are introduced.

• 実際、現在別表神社として格が認められているものは、志和稲荷神社、竹駒神社、笠間稲荷神社、箭弓稲荷神社、太鼓谷稲成神社、祐徳稲荷神社、高橋稲荷神社のみであり、これらが特に影響力を持っていた稲荷社であったと推測できる（尤も、旧社格は伏見のみで、あとは県社、郷社であった。
• Among Beppyo-jinja Shrines (shrines that are under the Grand Shrine at Ise, as listed in an appendix), those given ranking now are limited to the following shrines and they may have had extraordinary power: Shiwa Inari-jinja Shrine, Takekoma-jinja Shrine, Kasama Inari-jinja Shrine, Yakyu Inari-jinja Shrine, Taikodani Inari-jinja Shrine, Yutoku Inari-jinja Shrine, and Takahashi Inari-jinja Shrine, (additionally, it was only the Fushimi Inari-taisha Shrine that had received a shrine ranking under the ex-ranking system while the rest were treated as prefectural shrines or village shrines).

• この戦いで重盛は「年号は平治、都は平安、我らは平氏、三つ同じ（平）だ、ならば敵を平らげよう」と味方の士気を鼓舞し、源義平と御所の右近の橘・左近の桜の間で激戦を繰り広げ、堀河の合戦では馬を射られながらも材木の上に立ち上がって新たな馬に乗り換えるなど獅子奮迅の活躍をする。
• Shigemori raised the morale of the members of his army saying that 'we are in the era of Heiji, the capital is Heian, and we are the Taira clan, all having the same character (the character can be read as both Hei and Taira), and so we shall flatten (also the same character as Hei/Taira) our enemy out,' and he engaged in fierce battles against MINAMOTO no Yoshihira, between mandarin orange trees of the Ukon and cherry trees of the Sakon at the Imperial Palace, and then he performed heroically in the Battle of Horikawa with irresistible force as he - after losing his own horse to a volley of arrows - stood up on logs and then climbed upon a new horse.

• 大判焼き（小判焼き）・二重焼き・回転焼き（回転饅頭）・きんつば・おやき（長野県のおやきとは異なる）など、形状や製法に基づく名だけではなく、甘太郎焼・七越焼き・義士焼き・太鼓焼き・太閤焼き・夫婦まんじゅう（フーマン）・太鼓饅頭・蜂楽饅頭・あじまんと店名などでも呼ばれている。
• Cake names which are derived from the shape and cooking method include Obanyaki (Kobanyaki), Nijuyaki, Kaitenyaki (Kaiten-manju), Kintsuba, Oyaki (different from Oyaki in Nagano Prefecture), and cakes which were named after shops or manufacturers include Amataro-yaki, Nanakoshi-yaki, Gishi-yaki, Taiko-yaki (Drum cake), Taiko-yaki (Taiko (father of the Imperial adviser) cake), Fufu-manju (Fuman), Taiko-manju, Horaku-manju, and Ajiman.

• おれは唄わない、貴様唄ってみろと云ったら、金（かね）や太鼓（たいこ）でねえ、迷子の迷子の三太郎と、どんどこ、どんのちゃんちきりん。叩いて廻って逢（あ）われるものならば、わたしなんぞも、金や太鼓でどんどこ、どんのちゃんちきりんと叩いて廻って逢いたい人がある、と二た息にうたって、おおしんどと云った。
• I told her I didn't sing, but I'd like to hear, and she droned out:'If one can go round and meet the one he wants, banging gongs and drums ...... bang, bang, bang, bang, bing, shouting after wandering Santaro, there is some one I'd like to meet by banging round gongs and drums ...... bang, bang, bang, bang, b-i-n-g.'

• 近年の太鼓台では複数積み重ねた枠型をもちいて重ねた布団を模したものとなっており、これは近年の大型化にともない軽量化の必要性が生じたためと おもに市街での運行途中に電線や民家の屋根などとの接触を避けるため高所に警護の人員を配置せねばならなくなったことによるもので 近代～現代ならではの変化であるといえる。
• With the recent taikodai, it is just modern or present-day modifications to the taikodai that several piled frames, modeling the layered futon, are used for the necessity to lighten upsized taikodai, and to perch some guards on the top who prevent the taikodai from hitting the roof of private houses or electric wires on the way of parades in the urban areas.

• 小鼓との神経戦である乱拍子（間をはかりながら小鼓に合わせ一歩ずつ三角に回る；大きな間をとるので、ラジオ放送では放送事故 - 無音時間過長 - になったこともある）から一転急ノ舞になる迫力、シテが鐘の中に飛び込むや鐘後見が鐘を落とすタイミング、鐘の中で単身装束を替え後ジテの姿となる変わり身と興趣が尽きない能である。
• This Noh pieces contains many interesting essences, including the dynamic change from the ranbyoshi (dancer takes measured steps in triangular formation to match the beat of the kotsuzumi [shoulder drum] – the lengthy pauses have caused radio broadcasting incidents, due to the maximum time of silence allowed being exceeded) which is a contest of nerves with the kotsuzumi to the kyu no mai (high-tempo dance), the superb timing for the koken (stagehands) to drop the bell after the shite jumps into it, and the shite changing costume inside the bell unassisted to appear as the nochi-jite (lead role of latter half).

• 阪急長岡天神・太鼓山・金ヶ原・友岡・小泉橋（大山崎町）・西日本旅客鉄道山崎駅（大山崎町）・奥海印寺・光風台住宅・美竹台住宅・光明寺・東台・薬師堂・舞塚・免許試験場前（京都市伏見区）・阪急東向日（向日市）　向日町郵便局前・向日台団地前（京都市西京区大原野・勝山町）・向日市役所前　経由）・新山崎橋（大山崎町）方面行き
• Buses bound for Shin-Yamazaki-bashi (Oyamazaki-cho) via Hankyu Nagaokatenjin Station, Taikoyama, Kanegahara, Tomooka, Koizumibashi (Oyamazaki-cho), JR Yamazaki Station (Oyamazaki-cho), Okukaiinji, Kofudai Jutaku (Kofudai residential district), Mitakedai Jutaku (Mitakedai residential district), Komyoji (Komyo-ji Temple), Higashidai, Yakushido, Maizuka, Driver's License Center (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto Prefecture), Hankyu Higashimuko Station (Muko City), Mukomachi Yubinkyoku-mae (Mukomachi Post Office), Mukodai Danchi-mae (Mukomachi Housing Complex) (Oharano and Katsuyama-cho in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City) and Muko City Hall

• 太鼓台の様式や外観にその地域の土地柄や文化を反映した伝統的な形態を残す地域もあるが、地域経済の発展や氏子主導の祭りへの変化から祭りにイベントとしての要素が強まった地域が増加、見せる祭りとして大型化した太鼓台や飾り幕・刺繍等による豪華な装飾を施したもの、流行の主流となりつつある形態に変更したものが多く見られるようになった。
• While in some areas traditional festival patterns have still remained in the style and the appearance of the taikodai, reflecting the local custom and culture, in many other areas they have been increasingly adapted to mainstream styles, festivals for show, because the local economic development and the festivals mainly conducted by ujiko result in upsized taikodai and highly decorative hangings with gorgeous embroideries for events emphasizing commercial interests and playful elements, not ritual aspects which festivals include.

• 法会所用具類（ほうえ　しょようぐるい） 39点（舞楽水引 6枚、蛮絵袍 2枚、舎利会装束（衣二領、袴二腰）2組、舎利会装束衣　2領、舎利会装束大口　2腰、舎利会散花机前垂（赤蓮華文錦）　1枚、奚婁（けいろ）1口、鼗（ふりつづみ）1口、羯鼓（台付）1口、 鼓胴（皮各二枚付）2口、鉦鼓　1口、木履　5両、十二天持物 13本）
• Tools for Hoe Ceremonies – 39 items (Bugaku Mizuhiki x6, Bane-no-ho x2, Sharie Shozoku costume (Kinu robes, Hakama trousers) 2 sets, Sharie Shozoku Kinu x2, Sharie Shozoku Okuchi x2, Sharie Sangeki Maedare (Shakurenge-monnishiki) x1, Keiro x1, Furizutsumi x1, Kakko (with stand) x1, Kodo drums (with 2 skins each) x2, Shoko x1, wooden shoes x5 pairs, Juniten Jimotsu x13)

• 慶長5年（1600年）の関ヶ原の戦いの前日には、会津の上杉景勝、また北からの万一の伊達政宗の裏切りに備えて江戸からなかなか動けないはずの家康の美濃国赤坂到着の報に動揺する西軍の兵たちを鼓舞するために、兵五百を率いて東軍側の中村一栄・有馬豊氏両隊に小競り合いを挑み（杭瀬川の戦い）、明石全登（宇喜多秀家家臣）隊と共に完勝した。
• To encourage the soldiers of the 'western' army, who were frightened by a report that Ieyasu arrived at Akasaka, Mino Province, though he was considered not to be able to move from Edo in fear of betrayal of Kagekatsu UESUGI of Aizu and Masamune DATE in the north region, Sakon led a squad of 500 soldiers to fight against the 'eastern' army of Kazuhide NAKAMURA and Toyouji ARIMA (Battle of Kuise-gawa River) in the evening before the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, and his squad and the squad of Takenori AKASHI (vassal of Hideie UKITA) won a complete victory.

• シテ方は観世流、宝生流、金春流、金剛流、喜多流、ワキ方は高安流、福王流、宝生流、笛方は一噌流、森田流、藤田流、小鼓方は幸流、幸清流、大倉流、観世流、大鼓方は葛野流、高安流、石井流、大倉流、観世流、太鼓方は観世流、金春流、狂言方は大蔵流、和泉流に所属する能楽師で、所属する流派の宗家および既に能楽協会の会員である者一名の推薦が必要とされる。
• To qualify for membership in Nogaku Kyokai, one is required to get referrals from a current member of the association and from the soke (head of family, originator) of the school, to which he or she belongs, and to be a nogakushi of one of the following schools; Kanze-ryu, Hosho-ryu, Konparu-ryu, Kongo-ryu and Kita-ryu for shite-kata (main roles); Takayasu-ryu, Fukuo-ryu and Hosho-ryu for waki-kata (supporting actors); Isso-ryu, Morita-ryu and Fujita-ryu for fue-kata (roles who play the flute); Ko-ryu, Kosei-ryu, Okura-ryu and Kanze-ryu for kotsuzumi-kata (small hand drum players); Kadono-ryu, Takayasu-ryu, Ishii-ryu, Okura-ryu and Kanze-ryu for otsuzumi-kata (large hand drum players); Kanze-ryu and Konparu-ryu for taiko-kata (drum players), and; Okura-ryu and Izumi-ryu for kyogen-kata (comic actors).

• しかも冒頭に競技施設建設のため旧来の姿を失ってゆく東京の様子を持ってきたり、一つのシーンを数多くのカメラでさまざまなアングルから撮影したり、望遠鏡のような2000ミリ望遠レンズを使って選手の胸の鼓動や額ににじむ汗を捉えたり、競技者とともに観戦者を、勝者とともに敗者を、歓喜とともに絶望を描いたりするなど、従来の「記録映画」とは全く性質の異なる極めて芸術性の高い作品に仕上げた。
• He completed an extremely artistic film totally different from the traditional 'record films' in various unique ways; putting the scene of Tokyo losing its old image due to construction of athletic facilities in the beginning of the film, shooting one scene from various angles with many cameras, capturing athletes' heartbeats and sweat on their foreheads with a 2000-millimeter telephoto lens like a telescope, describing not only athletes but also spectators, not only winners but also losers, not only joy but also despair and so on.