鮮: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 朝鮮総督
- Chosen Sotoku
- Governors-General of Korea
- Japanese Governors-General of Korea
- 朝鮮出血熱
- Korean hemorrhagic fever
- 朝鮮の水軍
- Korea's suigun navy
- 朝鮮総督府
- Chosen Sotoku-fu (Governor-General of Korea)
- 朝鮮の正史
- Official histories of Korea
- 朝鮮半島関係
- Documents and books related to Korean peninsula
- 歴代朝鮮総督
- Successive Chosen Sotoku
- 朝鮮出兵下準備
- Preliminary preparations for Japan's Invasion of Korea
- 朝鮮の奴婢制度
- Slavery system in Korea
- 朝鮮半島への影響
- Impact on the Korean Peninsula
- 朝鮮との国交交渉
- Diplomatic talks with korea
- 朝鮮の主要な本貫
- Major hongan in Korea
- 朝鮮半島での本貫
- Hongan in the Korean Peninsula
- 朝鮮における展開
- Development in Korea
- 王公族・朝鮮貴族
- Royals and Korean Nobles
- - 朝鮮日報創刊
- The Chosun Ilbo newspaper was launched.
- 朝鮮総督府の組織
- Organization of the Chosen Sotoku-fu
- 朝鮮総督府の職制
- Office Organization of the Chosen Sotoku-fu
- 朝鮮総督府中枢院
- Chosen Sotoku-fu Advisory Panel
- 朝鮮半島の書物から
- From the Records of the Korean Peninsula
- 朝鮮通信使待遇改訂
- Revision on treatment of Chosen Tsushinshi (the Korean Emissary)
- 朝鮮海航行の自由。
- To allow free navigation of the Sea of Korea.
- - 朝鮮総督府設置
- Establishment of the Chosen Sotoku-fu
- - 朝鮮語学会事件
- Korean Language Society Incident
- 朝鮮総督府政務総監
- Chosen Sotoku-fu Seimu sokan (Vice Governor)
- 朝鮮半島:清麹醤。
- Korean Peninsula: 清麹醤
- 李氏朝鮮(大韓帝国)
- Yi Dynasty Korea (The Korean Empire)
- 朝鮮は対馬藩経由で、
- Via the Tsushima Domain--for ships from Korea
- 朝鮮における攘夷高揚
- Exaltation of expulsion of foreigners in Korea
- 朝鮮出兵における五島勢
- The Goto troops in Japan's Invasion of Korea
- 朝鮮半島への伝来と影響
- Transmission to the Korean Peninsula and its influence
- - 第一次朝鮮教育令。
- The First Educational Ordinance of Korea
- 朝鮮の檀君神話と帝釈天
- The Dankun myth in Korea and Taishakuten
- - 朝鮮窒素株式会社設立
- Establishment of Chosen Nitrogen Corporation
- 朝鮮三国における仏教受容
- The acceptance of Buddhism in the three Korean countries
- 植民地政府・・・朝鮮総督府
- Colonial government ⋯ Chosen Sotoku-fu
- そのため朝鮮出兵も終息した。
- With this, the dispatch of soldiers to Korea came to an end.
- これに朝鮮側は抗議を行った。
- Korea protested against these acts.
- 朝鮮の正史以外の重要な歴史書
- Other important Korean historical works not considered official histories:
- 郵便電話・・・朝鮮総督府逓信局
- Mail and telephone service ⋯ Chosen Sotoku-fu, Communication bureau
- 呂運亨、朝鮮建国準備委員会結成
- Un-Hyung YO formed the Committee for Preparation of Korean Independence.
- 日本の朝鮮に於ける優越権を認める
- Japan shall be accepted to have the right of predominance in the Korean Peninsula.
- 記事「茶」の項目、茶朝鮮半島参照
- Please refer to 'tea' category in Tea of Korean Peninsula article.
- 朝鮮半島では罪人の座法とされる。
- In the Korean Peninsula, seiza is considered the sitting style of criminals.
- 絵画、工芸、芸能に伝わる朝鮮通信使
- Chosen Tsushinshi in pictures, craftworks and performing arts in Japan
- 近代李氏朝鮮における主要な不平等条約
- Principal unequal treaties in modern Yi Dynasty Korea
- - 社団法人朝鮮放送協会、ラジオ開始
- Start of radio broadcast by Incorporated Korea Broadcasting Association
- - 朝鮮人名士を主体とする諮問機関。
- It is a consultative body mainly with Korean prominent figures.
- 紫蘇の赤紫色が鮮やかで、酸味が強い。
- It has a vivid reddish-purple color of perilla and a strong sour taste.
- このためまず朝鮮を攻めることになった。
- Thus, Hideyoshi decided to attack Korea.
- 朝鮮半島の『三国史記』新羅本紀による。
- The following information is based on 'Samguk Sagi' (the History of the Three Kingdoms), created on the Korean Peninsula.
- ロシアと日本の対立の場となった朝鮮半島
- Russia and Japan confronted each other on the Korean peninsula.
- また、朝鮮半島との交流も盛んであった。
- Interaction with Korean Peninsula was also very active.
- 朝鮮側輸出品は木綿や綿が中心であった。
- Imports from Korea were mainly cotton.
- 李氏朝鮮との日朝貿易や南海貿易と並ぶ。
- The Japan-Ming trade can equal the Japan-Korea Trade (trade between Japan and Yi Dynasty Korea) and the trade between China and countries in the southern sea (Indochina, Malay and etc).
- 1012名の朝鮮人憲兵補助員も含む。)
- It included 1012 Korean military police assistants.)
- 中国・朝鮮側では「白江」と表記される。
- In China and Korea, it is written as '白江.'
- 本協約朝鮮には皇帝の承認が欠如していた
- Approval of the Korean emperor was missing in the treaty.
- - 国民学校規定改正、朝鮮語の授業廃止
- Revision of the stipulation of Kokumin Gakko (elementary school in an educational system operated in Japan between 1941 and 1947), and abolition of the Korean classes
- 曲水の宴は、古代朝鮮でも盛んであった。
- Kyokusui no en was also popular in ancient Korea.
- 4世紀 朝鮮半島に伝わる(韓国の仏教)
- The 4th century : It was transmitted to the Korean Peninsula (Korean Buddhism)
- 独特の香りと鮮やかな緑色が特徴である。
- Gren laver is characterized by its distinctive aroma and bright green color.
- きれいでひび割れのない新鮮な卵を用いる
- Use a fresh egg with no crack on it.
- 海上では李舜臣率いる朝鮮水軍に敗北した。
- At sea, the Japanese force was defeated by the Korean Navy led by Yi Sun-sin.
- 朝鮮半島の任那(伽耶)は鉄の産地だった。
- Gaya (known as Minama in Japanese) was one area that produced iron.
- 同年朝鮮側も東京に公使館を設置している。
- Korea also established a consular office in Tokyo in the same year.
- 流通通貨・・・朝鮮銀行発行の朝鮮圓(円)
- Monetary circulation ⋯ Korean Yen issued by the Bank of Korea
- 行政区分・・・地方を朝鮮八道で区分した。
- Administrative district ⋯ Korea was divided into 8 Provinces.
- 朝鮮半島には16世紀初めにもたらされた。
- Yomeigaku was introduced into the Korean Peninsula in the early 16th century.
- - 呂運亨らは朝鮮人民共和国の樹立を宣言
- Un-Hyung YO proclaimed the foundation of People's Republic of Korea.
- 歯牙が上下に鮮明に並んでいるため名づく。
- It is named as such because it has perfect teeth.
- 朝鮮戦争の際には敵前上陸の演習が行われた。
- Opposed landing maneuvers were held there during the Korean War.
- 朝鮮国内でも通商開化を説く意見が登場した。
- Opinions supporting commerce and civilization emerged within Korea.
- 使者を追い返し朝鮮への再度出兵を決定した。
- He sent the envoy back and was determined to send troops again to Korea.
- 朝鮮側が受け入れたのは、以下の理由による。
- The reason why Korea accepted the treaty was as follows.
- これによりロシアの勢力は朝鮮から後退した。
- Due to this, the Russian power retreated from Korea.
- これにより朝鮮側の対日姿勢がやや軟化した。
- In line with their insistence, the attitude of Korea against Japan softened slightly.
- これを憲兵警察制度 (朝鮮総督府)という。
- It is called the Kenpei Police system (Chosen Sotoku-fu).
- キムチ(大韓民国、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国)
- Kimchi (Republic of Korea and Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- 朝鮮半島の小豆粥パッチュクは冬至に食べる。
- The patjuk azuki bean porridge of the Korean Peninsula is eaten during the winter solstice.
- 6月5日 大本営を開設し、朝鮮への派兵を開始
- June 5: Imperial headquarters was set up to start dispatching soldiers to Korea.
- 1474年、朝鮮王朝から室町幕府へ牙符発給。
- In 1474, the Yi-Dynasty issued Gafu to the Muromachi bakufu.
- また日本人は朝鮮銅貨を運輸することができる。
- Also Japanese people can carry Korean copper coins.
- - 朝鮮教育令改正、朝鮮語の授業必須から外す
- The Educational Ordinance of Korea was revised, which took the Korean language off compulsory classes.
- 大韓民国、李氏朝鮮の李成桂よる崇儒廃仏政策。
- The policy of 'Suju-haibutsu (revere Confucianism, abolish Buddhism) adopted by Seong-gye YI of the YI Dynasty in Korea.
- 新鮮なものであれば刺身で食べることもできる。
- Fresh ones can be enjoyed as sashimi (fresh slices of raw fish) as well.
- 日本、朝鮮半島、ベトナムなどで作られている。
- It is made in Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Vietnam.
- ピンス(朝鮮語:氷水、):大韓民国のかき氷。
- Bing Su (氷水' in Korean): Shaved ice in the Republic of Korea
- その後10年間外国軍隊の朝鮮駐留はなくなった。
- During the following ten years, no foreign troops stayed in Korea.
- 朝鮮王朝は1392年李成桂が高麗を滅ぼし建国。
- The Korean Dynasty was established when Seong-gye YI defeated Goryeo in 1392.
- 医学及び朝鮮語稽古の留学生も数人滞在していた。
- Some overseas students who studied medicine and Korean also resided there.
- 朝鮮が東アジアの水軍大国になることはなかった。
- And Korea was never to be a nation with powerful navy in East Asia.
- しかし朝鮮側はそのようには解釈していなかった。
- However, Korea did not understand as Japan intended.
- 貿易は朝鮮半島の高麗を含めた三国間で行われた。
- The trade was done among the three countries including Goryeo in the Korean Peninsula.
- また朝鮮では最も早く人欲を肯定した人でもある。
- He was the first person to approve of human desire in Korea.
- このように当時の朝鮮では攘夷熱が高まっていた。
- At this time in Korea there was increasingly strong enthusiasm towards the expulsion of foreigners.
- これは中国・朝鮮の例には見られない特色である。
- This is a characteristic which has not been found in China and Korea.
- これにより、中国と朝鮮との冊封関係は精算された。
- This caused the vassal relationship between China and Korea came to come to an end.
- 朝鮮人の地主と直接交渉して土地貸借ができること。
- Japanese people could borrow land by negotiating directly with the Korean landowner.
- 朝鮮総督府の初期の政策は「武断政治」と呼ばれた。
- The early policy of the Chosen Sotoku-fu was called 'Budan seiji (government by the military).'
- 倭国軍は、三派に分かれて朝鮮半島南部に上陸した。
- The Wakoku force divided up into three groups and landed on the Korean Peninsula.
- 朝鮮総督府設置に至る歴史については韓国併合を参照
- See the Annexation of Korea for the history before the establishment of the Chosen Sotoku-fu.
- 椀種を引き立て、鮮やかな色彩を添えるものである。
- Tsuma makes wandane look better and lends a touch of bright color.
- 鮮魚が豊富な現代でもこの食文化は継承されている。
- This dietary habit has been inherited up to the present when people can obtain fresh fish easily.
- 同様に馬肉や新鮮なニワトリのササミでも作られる。
- It is also made in a similar manner with horse meat and fresh chicken.
- また、文化面でも朝鮮半島に多大な影響をもたらした。
- From the cultural aspects, a great impact was given to the Koreans.
- 高麗にとってかわった李氏朝鮮もこの制を引き継いだ。
- Yi Dynasty Korea, that took over Goryeo, succeeded the system.
- そもそもの発端は西郷隆盛の朝鮮使節派遣問題である。
- It all started with Takamori SAIGO's issue that was an envoy dispatching to Korea.
- ロシアと日本は朝鮮や満州の利権を巡り対立を深めた。
- Russia and Japan deepened their conflict for the interests of Korea and Manchuria.
- 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国では、本貫は廃止されている。
- In Democratic People's Republic of Korea, hongan has been abolished.
- 李氏朝鮮の初代、李成桂はこの氏族の出とされている。
- Seong-gye YI, the founder of Yi Dynasty Korea, is said to have originated from this clan.
- 以酊庵を開創して日本国王使として朝鮮外交を行った。
- He founded Itei-an Temple and conducted diplomacy with Korea as a Japanese envoy.
- 朝鮮半島では、「膾」または「鱠」を「フェ」と呼ぶ。
- In Korean Peninsula, '膾 or 鱠, namasu' is called 'fue.'
- 首都漢城占領に先立ち朝鮮国王は首都を捨てて逃亡した。
- Before the capital Hansong was occupied, the King of Korea had given up the capital and run away.
- 朝鮮政府の許可あれば、来日することも問題なしとする。
- Japanese people can come to Japan if they have permission from the Korean government.
- 宮廷に関係なく、その他朝鮮半島等の地域でも行われた。
- Outside of the Court, this custom was also conducted in areas such as the Korean Peninsula.
- 朝鮮では、この干渉の結果、閔妃など親露派が台頭した。
- In Korea, the intervention encouraged the rise of pro-Russian politicians, such as Queen Min.
- 朝鮮で当制度を採用したのは、李氏朝鮮末期の時である。
- In Korea, the system was introduced at the end of the Joseon Dynasty.
- なお近代以前の日朝関係については朝鮮通信使に詳しい。
- Refer to 'the Messenger of Korea' for details of the Japan-Korea relation before the modern era.
- 唯一朝鮮人として朴春琴が衆議院議員に選出されている。
- Only Chun-Geum PAK was elected a member of Lower House as a Korean.
- しかし、明に服属する朝鮮に要求に応じる気配はなかった。
- However, the Joseon Dynasty, which had been a tributary nation to Ming, would not follow his order.
- このため10月になって朝鮮からの帰国命令が発せられた。
- The order to return to Japan was issued in November.
- なお江戸幕府は唯一李氏朝鮮とは正式な国交をもっていた。
- The shogunate government had official diplomatic relations only with Yi Dynasty Korea.
- このことが、中国や朝鮮における反日運動の元ともなった。
- It caused the anti-Japanese movement in Korea and China.
- 明・朝鮮連合軍は順天倭城を遠巻きに監視するのみとなる。
- The Ming and Korean forces changed their tactics to just watch Suncheon Waeseong without getting too close.
- 築城を急ぐ日本軍に対して、明軍と朝鮮軍は攻勢をかける。
- The Ming and Korea armies attacked the Japanese army which had been busy constructing the castles.
- 朝鮮半島は、三方を海に囲まれ中国ほどの大河を持たない。
- The Korean Peninsular, whose three sides are surrounded by the sea, does not have big rivers like China has.
- 日朝修好条規締結後、多くの日本人が朝鮮開港地を訪れた。
- A lot of Japanese people visited the Korean cities with open ports after the conclusion of the Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity.
- また朝鮮人が罪を犯した場合は朝鮮官吏が裁判を行うこと。
- Also if a Korean commits a crime, the Korean government official will conduct a trial.
- 公共放送・・・社団法人京城放送局→社団法人朝鮮放送協会
- Public broadcast ⋯ Keijo Broadcasting Station => Korea Broadcasting Corporation
- 朝鮮からの砲撃の翌日、今度は日本側が艦砲射撃を行った。
- On the day after Korea opened fire, Japan did the bombardment of land by their warships.
- 貴族院議員には通算10人の朝鮮人議員が任命されている。
- Ten Korean members in total were appointed the House of Peers.
- この鉢は大地を表し、鮮華は諸物生成の徳を表すとされる。
- It is said that this pot represents earth and vivid flowers represent virtue in generating things.
- この義兵は流民も多く、朝鮮の民衆や軍隊も襲う事もあった。
- Such volunteer soldiers included many displaced persons and sometimes attacked Korean people or the army.
- また開港地での移動範囲は10里(朝鮮里程)以内となった。
- The range of movement in the city with open ports was set within 10 Ri (Korean mileage).
- その権限は在朝鮮アメリカ陸軍司令部軍政庁に引き継がれた。
- Its authority was passed to the United States Army Military Government in Korea.
- 徳富蘆花は「謀反論」講演で死刑廃止論の立場を鮮明にした。
- Also, Roka TOKUTOMI clarified his stance against the capital punishment in the lecture of 'Muhonron' (On Rebellion).
- 朝鮮では中国から間接的に西洋の技術を採用しただけである。
- In Korea, only technology was indirectly imported from the West through China.
- 朝鮮と西欧列強との出会いは、概ね芳しいものではなかった。
- The encounters between Korea and Western European countries were generally not satisfactory.
- 壬辰倭乱をきっかけに朝鮮と日本の外交関係は断絶していた。
- Due to Jinshin waran (the Bunroku War in Korean), Japan and Korea broke their diplomatic relations.
- 右方舞・高麗楽………朝鮮、渤海(中国の東北地方)系のもの
- Uhomai dance and Komagaku music from Korea and Bokkai (northeastern region of China)
- 花は絹の羽二重や水引細工で作られた色鮮やかなものである。
- Colorful flowers made of habutae (type of silk) or mizubiki-saiku (string works) are used for this product.
- 出家した後、文禄の役では加藤清正に従い朝鮮半島に渡った。
- After becoming a Buddhist priest, he went over to the Korean Peninsula, led by Kiyomasa KATO (a military man in the Sengoku period and a subordinate of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) at the Bunroku War.
- 中国と朝鮮半島で食べられているアズキを使った甘くない粥。
- An unsweetened porridge made with azuki beans, which is often eaten in China and the Korean Peninsula.
- 比較的正しい記事は、朝鮮など外国史料を参照したものである。
- Relatively trustworthy articles, such as those from Korea, make reference to foreign historical materials.
- 銅座・朝鮮人参座・真鍮座などの座を設け、専売制を実施した。
- He also established monopolistic trade association (za) such as the copper guild, the the ginseng guild, and the brass guild.
- 6月2日 在韓邦人保護を名目として日本軍の朝鮮派兵を決定。
- June 2: A dispatch of Japanese troops to Korea was decided upon the pretext of protecting Japanese living in Korea.
- 3日目には第1砲台も放火し、朝鮮側の35名を殺害している。
- On the third day, they also set fire to the first gun battery and killed 35 Korean soldiers.
- 焼損前の写真を見ると、図様や色彩は比較的鮮明に残っていた。
- As seen from the photograph taken prior to the fire damage, its design and the color remained relatively vivid.
- 日本へも托鉢は中国・朝鮮半島から仏教の伝来と共に伝わった。
- Takuhatsu was also introduced to Japan from China and the Korean Peninsula along with Buddhism.
- 色使いも大胆で鮮明な原色が画面のかなりの面積を占めている。
- The use of color is bold, and vivid primary colors occupy a considerable area of the picture.
- この大陸侵攻・朝鮮出兵は戦争途中で秀吉の死によって終結する。
- The invasion of the Asian continent and the dispatch of troops to Korea finished upon Hideyoshi's death.
- 特に泗川城では島津義弘が明・朝鮮軍を大破した(泗川の戦い)。
- Yoshihiro SHIMAZU devastated the Ming-Korean force at Shisen-jo Castle (the Battle of Sacheon).
- 5月 朝鮮政府、甲午農民戦争(東学党の乱)の鎮圧を清朝に依頼
- May: The Korean government requested Qing dynasty to suppress the Donghak Peasant Revolution (the Tonghak Uprising).
- 朝鮮へ派遣された諸将は八道国割を目標に要衝を制圧していった。
- Commanders dispatched to Korea conquered strategic points in accordance with Hachidokuniwari strategy.
- 元来、朝鮮との貿易に経済を依存していた宗氏は対応に苦慮した。
- The So clan had basically been dependent upon trade with Korea and they racked their brains on how to cope with the situation.
- 侵攻に対応が遅れた朝鮮軍は連戦連敗や無血撤退・逃散を重ねた。
- The Korean army, which was late to cope with invasion, repeated a succession of defeats and bloodless retreats fleeing in every direction.
- そのため明・朝鮮連合軍は強襲策を放棄し、包囲戦に切り替える。
- Accordingly, the allied forces of Ming and Korea gave up the attack and switched to a battle of encirclement.
- 秀吉侵攻軍はわずか19日で朝鮮の首都ソウル特別市を落とした。
- The invasion army of Hideyoshi took Seoul Special City, the capital of Korea, in only nineteen days.
- 朝鮮側の国書の宛先を「日本国大君」から「日本国王」に直した。
- Hakuseki also changed Korean sovereign's message to be delivered to 'the King of Japan' instead of 'Tycoon of Japan.'
- 貿易が開始されると、朝鮮側の米輸出過多となり米価が高騰した。
- After starting trade, Korean rice was exported excessively, and price of rice soared.
- この集落は、朝鮮半島南部の影響を強く受けて、成立したものか。
- This settlement's style was probably made with the strong influence from that in the southern area of Korean Peninsula.
- 三国史記と並ぶ三国時代 (朝鮮半島)の歴史を記述した歴史書。
- This history, like Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms), chronicles the events of the Three Kingdoms period of Korea.
- 新鮮さを保つために冷凍もしくは冷蔵で販売されている事もある。
- They are sometimes sold refrigerated or frozen to preserve freshness.
- 造り出し部の石室は朝鮮半島の一部で見られる特殊な形式である。
- The stone chamber at the narrow terrace has a characteristic style which is seen in some part of Korean Peninsula.
- 7月20日 朝鮮政府に対して清軍の撤兵を要求する最後通牒を発令
- July 20: The final notice calling for the Korean government to demand the withdrawal of the Qing troops.
- 当時の倭国には鉄鉱の産出がなく、朝鮮半島から鉄原料を輸入した。
- Because iron ore was not produced in Wakoku at that time, iron was imported from the Korean Peninsula.
- ソウルに日本軍が迫ると李氏朝鮮の宣祖は平壌へ遷都して避難した。
- As the Japanese army approached Seoul, Sonjo, who was the emperor of Yi Dynasty Korea, transferred the capital and fled to Pyongyang.
- 対する明・朝鮮軍は道境付近の黄石山城と南原市城で守りを固めた。
- To cope with this attack the troops of Ming and Korea built up defenses at Hwangsoksan and Namwon Castles near the border of the Provinces.
- 慶長元年(1596年)9月、秀吉は再度朝鮮出兵の命をくだした。
- In October 1596, Hideyoshi issued orders to invade Korea again.
- 「辛亥年七月中記」の「中」は、朝鮮の古い漢文に多い用法である。
- The Chinese character, '中,' contained in '辛亥年七月中記' (in July of the Shingai year, it was inscribed) was often used in the ancient Chinese writings in Korea.
- 徳興里古墳(5世紀初頭:朝鮮民主主義人民共和国北安南道南浦市)
- Deokheung-ri Tomb: The beginning 5th century; Nampho City, Beian Nam-do, North Korea
- また朝鮮の「鮮」を碑文のために簡略化したものとする考えもある。
- There is also a different idea that it is a simplified kanji of '鮮' in '朝鮮' (Korea).
- また写実的陰影法も無く、鮮やかな色彩で平面構成がなされている。
- In addition, it utilizes bright colors and a planar construction without the use of realistic shading.
- 生酒は、火入れをしていないので、それだけ新鮮さが保たれている。
- As namazake has not undergone hiire, freshness is preserved accordingly.
- 1月24日、朝鮮人40人が七条警察署に押しかけ、署長に抗議した。
- On January 24, 40 Koreans forced their way into the Shichijo Police Station and confronted the chief of the station.
- この事件で、日本人1人、朝鮮人数人が死亡、負傷者多数にのぼった。
- One Japanese and one Korean were killed and many injured in the incident.
- 京都府警察部は、直ちに捜査を開始し、犯人の朝鮮人5人を逮捕した。
- Kyoto Police immediately began a search and arrested five Koreans.
- 中世には朝鮮半島や大陸との交易で栄え、日本海交易が発達していた。
- During the Medieval Period, these Sanshin-shichiso flourished through trading with the Korean Peninsula and the Chinese continent when the Japan Sea Trade was active.
- 条約批准の段階に至っても、朝鮮側の関心事は体面的なものであった。
- Even at the stage of treaty ratification, Korea was only interested in their honor.
- すなわち朝鮮側は、この時の慣例を条文化したものだと認識していた。
- That was to say, Korea perceived that the custom at that time was provided in the treaty.
- 朝鮮は、1910年調印の日韓併合条約により、日本の領土となった。
- Korea became Japan's territory as a result of the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty signed in 1910.
- この過程で、台湾や朝鮮から日本列島への他の民族の流入もおこった。
- During this time, other races came into the Japanese archipelago from Taiwan and Korea.
- このため朝鮮に日本の憲法を施行せず軍の大権により統治するとした。
- Therefore, the Japanese constitution was not enforced, and the military prerogative ruled.
- 対馬藩の宗氏は中世から対朝鮮の外交、貿易の中継ぎをになってきた。
- The So clan in the Tsushima Domain had assumed the role of coordinating the diplomatic exchanges and trade between Japan and Korea since the Medieval period.
- 「憲兵警察」は2019名(その内、朝鮮人は1012名)であった。
- The ''Kenpei police' had 2019 officers (the Koreans were 1012).
- 安岳3号古墳(4世紀中頃:朝鮮民主主義人民共和国北安南道安岳郡)
- Anyue Tomb No.3: The mid 4th century; Anyue County, Beian Nam-do, North Korea
- その一環として、667年に対朝鮮半島防衛の最前線として築かれた。
- As part of the said security measure, Kaneda-jo Castle was built to become the forefront to defend the Korean Peninsula in 667.
- 鎖国体制の中でも、制限された形で中国・朝鮮との交流は続いていた。
- Even under the circumstance of national isolation, exchanges with China and Korea continued in restricted form.
- 中国と朝鮮半島でよく食べられているリョクトウを使った甘くない粥。
- An unsweetened porridge made with mung beans, which is often eaten in China and the Korean Peninsula.
- 半熟卵と同じく、卵が新鮮でなければ、食中毒を起こす可能性がある。
- Like soft-boiled eggs, onsen eggs may be a source of food poisoning if the eggs are not fresh.
- 連行途中、犯人は隙を見て逃走、在日本朝鮮人連盟の支部に逃げ込んだ。
- On his way to being taken to the police station, the suspect escaped and ran into the branch of the Association of Korean Residents in Japan.
- これは秀吉にしてみれば朝鮮が「服属」の誓約違反を犯したことになる。
- Hideyoshi considered this as the Korean's breaking the pledge of 'submission'.
- 動機は、朝鮮出兵への反発とも、秀吉の支配に対する反発ともいわれる。
- His motivation was said to be his objection to the Korean invasion and/or against the Hideyoshi's rule.
- 明治政府は1868年末、王政復古を伝える書契を朝鮮に渡そうとした。
- The Meiji Government tried to hand over a note informing the Korean government about the restoration of imperial rule.
- 島津らの救援水軍に明・朝鮮の水軍が攻撃に向かって露梁海戦が起きた。
- The Shimazu relief force was attacked by the Ming and Korean navy, and the battle of Noryang occurred.
- 小西行長と宗義調の子義智は、対朝鮮平和的計画進行を秀吉に献策した。
- Yukinaga KONISHI and the son of Yoshishige SO, Yoshitoshi, advised Hideyoshi to proceed with peaceful policies towards Korea.
- なお、日本統治期の朝鮮については、日本統治時代の朝鮮を参照のこと。
- For details of Korea in Japan colonial period, refer to Korea under Japanese rule.
- 造寺・造仏の技術者は主として朝鮮からの渡来人やその子孫達であった。
- Craftsmen engaged in the construction of Buddhist temples and statures in Japan were mainly settlers from Korea and their descendants.
- 高温土器生産の技術は、中国江南地域に始まり、朝鮮半島に伝えられた。
- The technique to produce earthenware with high temperature originated in Jiangnan area of China and was conveyed to Korean Peninsula.
- 5世紀に朝鮮半島南部から伝わり、土師器より高級な品として扱われた。
- Sueki was brought to Japan from the south of Korean Peninsula and was treated as more luxurious pottery than Haji pottery.
- 憲兵は一般の朝鮮人に対して極めて威圧的な制度だったと言われている。
- It is said that the military police was an extremely imperative system against the general Koreans.
- 江戸時代を通じて、朝鮮との関係は宗氏を通じ行われてきたためである。
- That was because relations with Korea had been maintained through the So clan since the Edo period.
- 古墳の構造から朝鮮からの渡来人によって築造されたと推定されている。
- Judging from the structure of the burial mound, it is estimated that it was constructed by the Koreans who settled in Japan.
- 文禄の役の際には、豊臣秀吉に用いられ、朝鮮と和議の交渉に当たった。
- At the time of the Bunroku War, he was appointed by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to be involved in a peace conference or negotiations with Korea.
- 朝鮮語(韓国語)も使われており、日本では日本語に次いで話者が多い。
- They also speak Korean, which has the second largest number of speakers in Japan.
- 7月23日 日本軍が漢城(ソウル)に入城し、朝鮮王宮を勢力下に置く。
- July 23: The Japanese army enters Seoul and puts the Korean royal palace under control.
- 室町時代において日本が朝鮮王朝と行った貿易(日朝貿易)で実施された。
- The system was implemented in the trade between Japan and Yi Dynasty of Korea (the Japan-Korea trade) during the Muromachi period.
- また日本は朝鮮を文化の先進国と考え、使節を派遣するよう要請してきた。
- In addition, Japan requested Korea to send an envoy, considering Korea a culturally advanced nation.
- 朝鮮水軍を引き継いだ元均も攻撃を渋ったが、ついに7月に出撃を行った。
- Won Gyun, who succeeded the Korean navy, was also reluctant to attacked but, finally in August he did attack.
- 献策が許されると話し合いで解決しようと朝鮮に渡ったが成果が無かった。
- After their advice was approved, they went over to Korea to solve the problem by negotiation, but failed.
- 幕末から明治初期にかけては朝鮮征伐、征韓などと呼ばれるようになった。
- From the end of the Edo period to the beginning of the Meiji period, it was called 'chosen seibatsu' (punitive expedition to Korea) or 'seikan' (punitive expedition to Korea).
- 両国の国名はそれぞれ「大日本国」、「大朝鮮国」と表記することとした。
- The two countries should be described as 'Great Japanese Nation' and 'Great Korean Nation.'
- 第一款 朝鮮は自主の国であり、日本と平等の権利を有する国家と認める。
- Provision 1 - Korea is an independent country, so it is admitted that Korea is a nation that has equal rights with Japan.
- そのため、大久保は朝鮮よりも制圧が容易に思われた台湾出兵を企画する。
- Therefore, Okubo planned to send troops to Taiwan, which seemed to be easier than Korea to conquer.
- ただ朝鮮陽明学は実学・経世致用の思想に影響を与えたことは事実である。
- However, it is a fact that Korean Yomeigaku has influenced the practical learning and ideology of Keiseichiyo.
- 115文字という字数は日本のみならず朝鮮・中国の例と比較しても多い。
- The number of letters, 115, is large not only in comparison with the examples in Japan but also with the ones in Korea and China.
- - アメリカ極東軍司令部、朝鮮における占領行政を宣言(即時独立否認)
- The Headquarters of the U.S. Army Forces Far East proclaimed the occupation administration in Korea (Denial of immediate independence).
- 朝鮮独立を求める運動や日本支配への抵抗運動は厳しく取締りが行われた。
- Movement for Korea's independence and resistance movement against Japan's rule were strictly cracked down.
- 賎民のなかには李氏朝鮮に敗北した地方豪族(将軍)の子孫も含まれている。
- The descendants of powerful local clans (generals) defeated by the Yi dynasty were also included in Senmin.
- 朝鮮の朝廷では日本軍の反転理由が分からず日本軍の罠ではないかと疑った。
- The Korean court couldn't understand the reason for this reversal, and assumed that the Japanese army was setting a trap.
- 稷山に日本軍が進出すると明・朝鮮軍では漢江を防衛線として守りを固める。
- When the Japanese army headed toward Shokusan, the Ming-Korean army drew a defensive line at Han-gang and strengthened its defenses.
- 文禄2年(1593年)になると、朝鮮に明軍が本格的に来援し攻勢に出る。
- In 1593, Ming gave its full support to Korea and went on the offensive.
- 「日本は朝鮮の独立を保つため朝鮮に改革を勧めて朝鮮もこれを肯諾した。」
- Japan advised Korea to carry out a reform to keep the country independent, and Korea accepted it.'
- また現代においても、北朝鮮の金正日には影武者が存在するという説がある。
- Even in the present day, there is a view that Kim Jong-il of North Korea has his own kagemusha.
- そのため五大老や五奉行を中心に、密かに朝鮮からの撤収準備が開始された。
- Under this situation, preparations for retreat from Korea were commenced in secrecy by the Gotairo (Five Elders) and Gobugyo (five major magistrates).
- 朝鮮を冊封体制から近代国際法的な属国へと位置づけし直そうとしはじめる。
- The Qing dynasty started to change the position of Korea from a subject state under the tributary system to that based on modern international law.
- 警察組織・・・朝鮮総督府警察(内地の府県警察部に相当するのは道警察部)
- Police organization ⋯ Chosen Sotoku-fu Police (Prefectural police departments of the inland correspond to Provincial police departments.)
- 当時朝鮮の政権を担っていたのは高宗 (朝鮮王)の実父興宣大院君である。
- The person in office at that time was HEUNGSEON Daewongun, the real father of GOJONG (the king of Korea).
- 雅楽(ががく)は、日本、中国、朝鮮半島、ベトナムの伝統的な音楽の一つ。
- Gagaku is one of the traditional forms of music in Japan, China, the Korean Peninsula and Vietnam.
- 鞠智城(くくちじょう、きくちじょう)は、古代山城(朝鮮式山城)の一つ。
- Kukuchi-jo (also known as Kikuchi-jo) Castle is one of the ancient mountaintop castles (Korean-type mountaintop castle).
- 古代インドに起源をもち、中央アジア、中国、朝鮮半島、日本へと伝わった。
- Mandala originated in ancient India and was introduced into central Asia, China, Korean Peninsula and Japan.
- 1592年(文禄元年)には清正とともに朝鮮に従い、戦勝を祈願している。
- In 1592, Nisshin accompanied Kiyomasa to Korea to offer prayers for victory in the campaign.
- 1423年(応永30年)朝鮮派遣使節に参加し、その地で山水画を描いた。
- In 1423, he participated in the delegation dispatched to Korea and drew landscape paintings there.
- 白村江の戦いののち朝鮮半島を統一した新羅との間にも多くの使節が往来した。
- Many envoys came and went between Silla, the kingdom that had unified the Korean Peninsula after the Battle of Hakusukinoe (Battle of Baekgang).
- 通交再開の条件として朝鮮王朝側が一方的に突きつけたものが壬申約条である。
- The Jinshin Yakujo was imposed one-sidedly by the Korean Dynasties as a condition for the resumption of the relationship.
- 9月に入ると明・朝鮮連合軍は蔚山、泗川市、順天へ総力を挙げた攻勢に出た。
- In October, the Ming and Korean allied forces began all-out attacks to Ulsan, Sacheon and Suncheon.
- 祖承訓は朝鮮の義州から南下をはかり平壌を攻めるが小西行長が奮戦し退けた。
- Zu Chengxun advanced south from Uiju in Korea and attacked Pyongyang, but Yukinaga KONISHI fought hard and drove him back.
- 条約の締結によって、李氏朝鮮は開国し、海禁政策(鎖国)は事実上終了した。
- As a result of the conclusion of the treaty, the Joseon Dynasty opened the country, which in practice led to the end of the national isolation policy.
- しかし日朝修好条規では、そうした暇を朝鮮に与えることは無かったのである。
- However, Japan did not give such time to Korea in the Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity.
- 朝鮮を「自主の国」とわざわざ言明している点は、この条約の特殊な点である。
- Describing Korea as 'an independent country' was a unique point of this treaty.
- すなわち批准の際、朝鮮国王の署名を要しないことを日本側に求めたのである。
- Namely, Korea required Japan not to demand the signature of the King of Korea at ratification.
- 使節団一行には軍艦や兵士の護衛がつき、威圧効果を朝鮮側に与えようとした。
- Japan tried to coerce Korea by sending a guard of battleships and soldiers to accompany the envoy.
- 明治6年6月森山帰国後の閣議であらためて対朝鮮外交問題が取り上げられた。
- In June 1873, the problem of diplomacy with Korea was highlighted at the cabinet meeting again after Shigeru MORIYAMA was back to Japan.
- 初唐文化の影響や朝鮮半島、インド、西アジア、中央アジアの文化も影響した。
- It was affected by the culture of early Tang, the Korean Peninsula, India and West and Central Asia.
- そのため陽明学の朝鮮史における影響は中国・日本に比して高いとは言えない。
- Therefore, Yomeigaku's influence on Korean history is not as great as it was on those of China and Japan.
- 現在の日本では約4km、中国では500m、朝鮮では約400mに相当する。
- It is equivalent to about 4 kilometers in today's Japan, 500 meters in China and about 400 meters in Korea.
- 結果、必要物資の供給及び密貿易の停止が朝鮮側から宣言される事態となった。
- As a result Korea declared a suspension of the supply of necessary goods and illegal trades.
- 鮮やかな多色刷りの東錦絵(吾妻錦絵)が編み出され、浮世絵文化が開花する。
- A form of bright multicolor printing, Azuma-nishikie (brocade picture of the East) was devised, and it brought the Ukiyoe culture into bloom.
- 「そもそも、朝鮮は日本と日朝修好条規を締結して開国した独立の一国である。」
- In principle, Korea is an independent country that opened the country and concluded a Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity with Japan.'
- 1510年に発生した三浦の乱により、日本と朝鮮王朝との通交は断絶していた。
- The friendly relationship between Japan and Korean Dynasties had been severed due to the Sanpo disturbance in 1510.
- また正式の通交使節との公貿易では、大蔵経など朝鮮の書籍も日本に輸出された。
- In the public trade with the formal missions for friendship, a lot of Korean books including Daizo-kyo Sutra (the Tripitaka) were imported into Japan.
- 近世の倭館交易では日本側は銀、硫黄、金、その他南方物産を朝鮮側に輸出した。
- In the Modern Period wakan trade, Japan exported silver, sulfur, gold, and other products of the south seas to Korea.
- 豊臣秀吉は西国を平定し、朝鮮や琉球への服属を求めた接触を始めることとなる。
- Since Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI suppressed Saigoku (western part of Japan - especially Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki), he started to contact Korea and Ryukyu to make them subordinate states.
- また歌舞伎・浄瑠璃の文芸作品に朝鮮通信使を題材として扱ったものが存在する。
- In literary works, such as Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) and Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a shamisen accompaniment), there exist many numbers including themes of Chosen Tsushinshi.
- そのため、兵農分離の一連の流れと朝鮮出兵の流れの両方として評価されている。
- It is acknowledged that the Expulsion Edict contributed both to the separation of warriors and farmers and to the Korean invasions.
- つまりそう措定することで清朝が朝鮮に介入する余地を無くそうとしたのである。
- Japan tried to prevent the Qing dynasty from intervening in Korea by determining the interpretation.
- また、朝鮮半島には、朝鮮銅鐸と言われる文字も絵もない小型のものが出土する。
- In the Korean Peninsula, small bells without any letters and paintings, which are called Korean dotaku, have been discovered.
- 侮蔑を強めるには、中国では倭寇、韓国・北朝鮮ではウェノムなどと表現される。
- To stress the sense of contempt, Wako in China and Wenomu in the South and North Korea are used.
- しかし朝鮮にあって陽明学は一貫してマイノリティーの地位を脱しきれなかった。
- However in Korea, Yomeigaku remained a minority status.
- 朱子学は13世紀には朝鮮に伝わり朝鮮王朝の国家の統治理念として用いられる。
- Neo-Confucianism was introduced to Korea in the 13th century and used as the national governing principle of Korean Dynasties.
- この事件における被害は、朝鮮側の死者35名、日本側の死傷者は2名であった。
- The victims of this incident included 35 dead on the Korean side and 2 dead or injured on the Japanese side.
- 朝鮮全土に日本軍や警察が配置され、憲兵以外の軍人も統治や警察活動を行った。
- The Japanese army and the police were deployed all over Korea, and military men other than military policemen also took charge of governance and police activities.
- また朝鮮の郡守、面長(内地の郡長、村長に相当)は原則として朝鮮人であった。
- County magistrates and village mayors in Korea (equivalent of Guncho and Soncho in the mainland) were the Koreans in principle.
- 江西三墓古墳(6世紀末~7世紀初頭:朝鮮民主主義人民共和国北安南道南浦市)
- Nanchang Three Tombs: From the late 6th century to the early 7th century; Nampho City, Beian Nam-do, North Korea
- 中国語で「紅豆粥(ホンドウジョウ))」、朝鮮語で「パッチュク」()という。
- It is called 'hong dou zhou' in Chinese and 'patjuk' in Korean.
- 戦役の後期から戦後の安全保障のための明軍の朝鮮駐屯による略奪なども横行した。
- In the last stage of the war and, after the war, despoliation by the Ming troops, stationed for assuring security even after the war, was widespread.
- 休戦を挟んで6年に及んだ戦争は、朝鮮・日本・明の三国に重大な影響を及ぼした。
- The war which lasted for six years including a cease-fire period, made a serious impact on Korea, Japan, and Ming.
- 明・朝鮮軍は平壌を抜き漢城に迫ったが、日本軍は碧蹄館の戦いでこれを撃破する。
- The Ming-Korean army occupied Pyongyang and came close to Hanseong, but the Japanese forces defeated them at the Battle of Hekitenkai (ByeogJe Gwan).
- このうち明将董一元率いる20万と号する明・朝鮮連合軍が泗川倭城に攻め寄せた。
- Two hundred thousand soldiers of Ming and Korean Allied forces led by the Ming General TON Yi Yuan carried out a siege on Sacheon Waeseong.
- 7月25日に朝鮮政府から大鳥圭介公使に対して、牙山の清国軍撃退が要請される。
- On July 25, the Korean government requested Minister Keisuke OTORI to expel the Qing troops in Asan by force
- ロシア側 黄海の制海権確保の前提に基づき、日本側の上陸を朝鮮半島南部と想定。
- Russia-side: Premised on their capability to maintain naval superiority on the Yellow Sea, Russia assumed that the Japanese would land their forces on the southern Korean Peninsula.
- 後に一度改給され、新符では日本側が左符を、朝鮮側が右符を保管することになる。
- Later, the sets of tallies were renewed, then the left halves were kept by the Japan side and the right halves were kept by Yi-Dynasty this time.
- 1510年には朝鮮側が制裁として貿易統制を加えたことによって三浦の乱が発生。
- In 1510, the Sanpo War erupted after the Korean Government imposed trading control as sanctions.
- 和平交渉は徳川家康によって委任を受けた対馬の宗氏と朝鮮当局の間で進められる。
- Peace talks were carried out between the So clan in Tsushima, who was entrusted by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and the government of Korea.
- 実際には明・朝鮮水軍は後退せずに海上封鎖を継続しており、海路撤退を妨害した。
- Actually, the Ming and Korean navy did not retreat, but continued the naval blockage and obstructed withdrawal by sea.
- もっとも、秀吉の死は秘匿され朝鮮に派遣されていた日本軍にも知らされなかった。
- However, Hideyoshi's death was kept secret and it was not even informed to the Japanese army which had been dispatched to Korea.
- まず、朝鮮に入貢を命じ、開かなければ討つ、と脅し対馬国の宗義調に折衝させた。
- First, he ordered that Korea pay tribute to him, threatening that if it did not obey his order, he would attack the country, and sent Yoshishige SO of Tsushima Province to conduct negotiations.
- その強烈な指揮権によってもっとも製作カラーの鮮明な映画会社であり続けている。
- Under such strong leadership Toei has kept the most distinctive characteristics of its production.
- 国王が臣下の礼をとっても、朝鮮の国政全般に清朝の影響が及ぶわけではなかった。
- Even if the king of Korea showed loyalty to the Qing dynasty, Qing would not influence affairs of the state in Korea.
- そもそも朝鮮側は、江華島事件に関する謝罪と賠償が交渉のテーマだと考えていた。
- Korea thought from the beginning that the theme of negotiations would be an apology and compensation for the Ganghwa Island incident.
- 朝鮮半島で最初に作られた族譜は、1403年に作られた水原白氏の族譜とされる。
- The first zokufu made in the Korean Peninsula is said to be the zokufu of the Suwon Paik clan made in 1403.
- その後何度も国書を送ったが、朝鮮側はその都度受け取りを拒否した(書契問題)。
- After that, Japan sent them the letter with the sovereign's message again and again, but the Joseon Dynasty refused to receive on every occasion (it is called Shokei Mondai, the problem of letters.)
- 朝鮮通信使 - 琉球使節 - オランダ風説書・唐風説書 - 漂流民の取り調べ
- Chosen Tsushinshi (the Korean Emissary); envoys dispatched from The Ryukyu Kingdom to the Edo Bakufu for paying tribute; world information delivered by ships from the Netherlands and world information delivered by ships from the Tang Dynasty - interrogating castaways
- 1875年4月以降、日本側は朝鮮近海に軍艦を派遣し、軍事的示威行動を取った。
- From April of 1875, the Japanese dispatched warships to the seas near Korea, and exercised demonstrational actions.
- 日本に数多く暮らす在日朝鮮人・韓国人は、日本語を使う者が多数派になっている。
- Among many Korean residents in Japan, the majority speak Japanese.
- すると、朝鮮としても日本側の状況を探りたい事情もあり使者を派遣した(賊探使)。
- The Joseon Dynasty sent their delegates partly because they wanted to find out what was going on in Japan (searching delegates).
- これにより6月1日朝鮮政府は清の派兵を要請する一方、農民軍への宣撫にあたった。
- On June 1, the Korean government asked Qing to dispatch troops and tried to pacify the armed peasants.
- この結果、ヤマト王権(倭国)と朝鮮半島諸国との関係・通交が活発化したのである。
- This led to increased interaction between the Yamato Kingdom (Wakoku) and the Korean kingdoms.
- 留守政府では朝鮮出兵を巡る征韓論が争われ、使節の帰国後に明治6年の政変に至る。
- While they were away, Japanese government without them called Rusu-seifu (government while heads of government are away) had a debate over Japan's dispatching of troops to Korea, Seikanron, which led to political changes in 1873 after the delegation returned.
- この条文は、朝鮮が清朝の藩属国であること考慮して特に日本が挿入した一文である。
- This provision was specially inserted by Japan considering the situation of Korea as a client state of the Qing dynasty.
- 日本側の原案にはこの条項が当然入っていたが、朝鮮側の強い要望により削除された。
- The provision was provided as a matter of course in the original plan given by Japan, but due to Korea's strong demands it was deleted.
- 交渉の結果、官舎の設置や朝鮮内地の旅行は、朝鮮側の強い反対で日本側が撤回した。
- As a result of the negotiation, Japan withdrew the matters regarding establishment of the official residence and traveling inland in Korea, because of severe objection by Korea.
- その後張維の影響を強く受けて、朝鮮陽明学の代表ともいえる鄭斉斗(霞谷)が出た。
- Then, Cheng Chatoo (Hagok), who can be said to have been a leading person of Korean Yomeigaku, appeared under the strong influence of Jang Yu.
- 朝鮮はそれまでの高麗の国教であった仏教を排し朱子学を唯一の学問(官学)とした。
- Korea discarded Buddhism that was the previous state religion of Goryeo an set Neo-Confucianism as the only method of learning (government school).
- 作られた国によって中国鐘、朝鮮鐘(高麗鐘・新羅鐘)、和鐘(日本鐘)と呼ばれる。
- Depending upon the country of production, it is called a Chinese bell, Korean bell (Goryeo bell, Silla bell), and Washo (Japanese bell).
- これは日韓併合に伴い、日本人が朝鮮半島で温泉開発を行ったことに因るものである。
- This is the result of Japanese people's exploitation of hot springs in Korean Peninsula in the wake of Japan's annexation of Korean Peninsula.
- 朝鮮人は反撃のために約700人を集結させ、京都駅前で的屋・博徒と大乱闘になった。
- To retaliate, Koreans gathered about 700 people and a major clash erupted including the vendors and the gamblers in front of Kyoto station.
- 特に朝鮮に対しては「服属」を強く求めると共に「征明の先導」(征明嚮導)を求めた。
- It was the Joseon Dynasty that Hideyoshi strongly required 'submission' from and 'the guide for conquest of the Ming' (Seimin kyodo).
- 結局、この問題は「朝鮮国主上之宝」という玉璽を新鋳して押下批准することになった。
- In the end, Korea made a new Imperial Seal called '朝鮮国主上之宝', and used this on the document at ratification.
- 朝鮮では芸道的な茶道ではなく、儀式としての「茶禮」(タレ)に重点が置かれていた。
- There is no artistic school of sado in Korea and the importance is placed on 'tare' (茶禮) as a ceremony.
- 塩鯖の鮮度、鯖の骨抜き、巣の甘さ加減、竹の皮に湿度を持たせて鮨を室温で保存する。
- The freshness of salted mackerel, boning, and the sweetness of the vinegar sauce are important, and the sushi is wrapped in a bamboo sheath with some moisture and stored at room temperature.
- なお、4日夜から日本公使は警護兵百数十を連れて朝鮮王宮に国王保護の名目で参内した。
- Also Japanese minister with a hundred and several tens of escorting soldiers entered the Korean palace at night on 4th on the pretext of protecting the king.
- 義政は日朝貿易も同様に財源化することを意図し、朝鮮王朝に牙符制の導入を申し入れる。
- Yoshimasa also sought to make the Japan-Yi dynasty trade as a source of revenue and made a proposal to the Yi-Dynasty to introduce Gafusei.
- 江戸時代には釜山広域市に限定され、日本側は対馬府中藩が朝鮮との外交、通商を行った。
- In the Edo period, Wakan was restricted to only Busan Metropolitan City, where the Tsushima-fuchu Domain of Japan conducted diplomacy and commerce with Korean side.
- 李舜臣の再編によって朝鮮水軍は精強となり、日本軍の撃退に大いに貢献したと言われる。
- It is said that by the Yi's reorganization, the Korean navy became extremely powerful and made a great contribution to fighting off the Japanese navy.
- 一方朝鮮側は1876年5月、答礼使節として両班を成員とする修信使を日本に派遣した。
- In May 1876, Korea dispatched to Japan the training delegates whose members were yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) as a return salute envoy.
- 内閣統計局『日本帝国統計年鑑』(~1941年)は朝鮮・台湾・樺太のみを外地とした。
- 'Statistical yearbook of the Empire of Japan' (-1941) issued by the Statistics Bureau of the Cabinet defined only Korea, Taiwan, and Sakhalin as Gaichi.
- その後古墳時代にはヤマト王権に仕える技術者集団として朝鮮半島からも人々が渡来した。
- Later in the Kofun period, people from the Korean Peninsula also entered Japan serving the Yamato Court as a group of art.
- 朝鮮では国王の父の大院君が政を摂し、鎖国攘夷の策をとり、意気おおいにあがっていた。
- In Korea, the King's father Daewongun governed the country instead of the King at that time, adopting the policy of national isolation and expulsion of foreigners, and Korean people was in high spirits.
- 1946年に在日韓国・朝鮮人が遺骨を発掘、故国である朝鮮において国民葬が行われた。
- In 1946, North and South Korean residents in Japan uncovered his remains and a national funeral was carried out in his native country, Korea.
- 帰国後李承晩政権の国務委員を勤めるが、朝鮮戦争の際、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国へ連行。
- After going back to Korea, he served as the commissioner of internal affairs of the Syngman Rhee administration, but was later taken to Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) during the Korean War.
- また朝鮮では両班を中心に漢字が重視されており、ハングル(朝鮮語)は軽視されていた。
- And in Korea, kanji (Chinese characters) was valued mainly among yahgban, and Hangeul (Korean letters) was unvalued.
- 宮殿の前面には朝鮮総督府庁舎が建てられ、以後ここが朝鮮における行政の中核地となる。
- The Chosen Sotoku-fu building was built in the front of the palace, which became the core of the administration in Korea since then.
- 10世紀以前に中国、朝鮮半島、南アジアから伝わった儀式用の音楽がもとになっている。
- It is based on the ceremonial music introduced from China, the Korean Peninsula and South Asia prior to the tenth century.
- 人間の心の葛藤、意識の深層を透視したことで、従来の仏教説話集にはない新鮮さがある。
- It has some freshness which cannot be found in other old collections of Buddhist tales, since it describes people's rip currents and the depth vividly.
- その形像は肉色で男女共に女形をなし、男神は左手に鮮やかな華を盛った鉢を持っている。
- Both figures of male and female have female shapes in flesh color, and male gods have the pot with vivid flowers in his left hand.
- 明軍に優先的に食料供給が行われたことから、朝鮮軍の戦意低下は少なからぬものがあった。
- As food was preferentially supplied to the Ming troops, Korean troops ability to wage battle was quite degraded.
- 同日、日本陸軍先遣部隊の第12師団 (日本軍)木越旅団が朝鮮の仁川広域市に上陸した。
- On the same day, the frontline Japanese troops, the Kigoshi Brigade of the 12th Division, landed on the city of Incheon.
- 明が清にかわると朝鮮国王に「三跪九叩頭の礼」を強いるなど冊封国としての関係を強めた。
- When the Qing dynasty replaced the Ming dynasty, it forced the Korean dynasty to perform the courtesy of 'nine kowtows' to strengthen the relationship under the vassal system.
- また当時朝鮮を訪れていた日本の地方支配者(大名)使節の接遇方法も詳細に記されている。
- It also records details of how envoys from Japanese regional rulers (daimyo) which visited Joseon were received.
- 文禄・慶長の役(朝鮮出兵。韓国では壬辰倭乱・丁酉再乱と呼称)以前は複数箇所存在した。
- Prior to the Bunroku-Keicho War (Japan's Invasion of Korea, it is called Jinshin waran and Teiyu sairan in Korea) there were several Wakan.
- 島津義弘の救援軍が近づくのを知ると明・朝鮮水軍は順天の海上封鎖を解いて迎撃を行った。
- Knowing that Yoshihiro SHIMAZU's rescue forces were approaching, the Ming and Korean navy lifted their naval blockade of Suncheon and intercepted them.
- (対馬藩の場合は農業適地があまりにも少なかったため、李氏朝鮮から米を輸入していた。)
- (In the case of the Tsushima Domain, lands appropriate for cropping were so scarce that they had to import rice from Yi Dynasty Korea.)
- 朝鮮は今後も西欧列強に対し開国する意志がないので無用だというのが、その理由であった。
- The reason for that was that Korea did not intend to open the country to the powerful countries of Western Europe in the future, so that provision would not be necessary.
- しかし、台湾総督や朝鮮総督とは異なり、立法権を一般的に委任する方策は採られなかった。
- However, unlike the governor-generals of Taiwan and Korea, the governor-general of Karafuto-cho was not generally entrusted with the legislative power by the Japanese government.
- しかし朝鮮における経済開発は主として日本の工業化と食糧不足を補完する目的で行われた。
- However, the economic development in Korea was promoted mainly in order to support industrialization and food shortage in Japan.
- 刺身に代表される「生」の食文化圏である日本では、新鮮であることが抜きん出て好まれる。
- In Japan where 'nama' (raw or fresh) represented by sashimi is favored, freshness is especially favored.
- しかし朝鮮の立場は建国以来、明の属国であり、その外交方針をここで変える意思はなかった。
- However, the Joseon Dynasty had been a tributary nation to Ming since its establishment, and it would not change its diplomatic policies.
- また、朝鮮の役で出陣した忠恒らの遠征軍に対して、国元からの補給が満足に行われなかった。
- Moreover, the domain failed in sending sufficient supplies to the troops that Tadatsune led during the Korean invasion.
- 甲午農民戦争の停戦後、朝鮮政府は日清両軍の撤兵を要請したが、どちらも受け入れなかった。
- After the Donghak Peasant Revolution the Korean government requested both Japan and Qing to withdraw their troops, but neither accepted.
- 8月26日 日本は朝鮮に圧力を掛け親日政権を樹立、共同で清国に対処する方針を採らせる。
- August 26: Japan applies pressure on Korea to have a pro-Japanese government set up and have a policy to work with Japan in take measures against Qing.
- 朝鮮との国交交渉が進展しない明治政府内で武力による開国を迫るいわゆる征韓論が台頭した。
- The so-called Seikanron (debate on the subjugation of Korea) supporting military pressure to force Korea to open the country emerged in the Meiji government whose diplomatic talks with Korea did not show any progress.
- 朝鮮半島に居住し帰化しない日本人を朝鮮では恒居倭と呼び、首領を頭とする自治が行われた。
- Unnaturalized Japanese residents in the Korean Peninsula were called kokyowa, and they were self-governed headed by their leader.
- が、小西軍に属していた五島勢は共に明水軍・朝鮮水軍の海上封鎖を受けて撤退を阻害された。
- However, the Ming and Korean navy's blockade impeded the withdrawal of Konishi's troops, including the Goto troops.
- 島国日本では隣国の朝鮮と同様に、古代から沿海部に居住する海民が水上兵力として活躍した。
- In Japan, which is an island nation, from ancient times kaimin who lived in the coastal area flourished as armed forces on the water as well as in Korea.
- 条約締結以後、清朝が最後の冊封国朝鮮を維持しようと、朝鮮に積極的に関与するようになる。
- After conclusion of the treaty, the Qing dynasty became positively involved with Korea in order to maintain the last subject state under the tributary system.
- 付録第五款 開港地において日本人は朝鮮人に賃金を支払うことにより雇用することができる。
- The appendix of provision 5 - Japanese people can employ Korean people by paying wages at the place where the port was opened.
- 海外では、現在でも朝鮮半島で行われている、氏族の始祖の発祥地を表す用法が知られている。
- Outside of Japan, hongan is known to be used as an expression for the birthplace of the clan's originator, which is still being put in use in the Korean Peninsula.
- 環濠集落は朝鮮半島南部でも見られ、北九州では縄文時代晩期(前4世紀)の環濠集落がある。
- Moat settlements of this time can be found in the southern area of Korean Peninsula, as well as in northern Kyushu, which dates to late Jomon period (the fourth century B.C.)
- 日本政府は朝鮮を内地と同様の経済水準に引き上げるため、多額の予算を朝鮮半島に投資した。
- The Japanese government invested a large amount of budget to the Korean Peninsula in order to increase Korean economy to the same level in the mainland.
- その際、倭館をも朝鮮側の承諾無しに接収し日本公館としたことから事態が悪化したのである。
- At that time Japan took over the Japanese consular office in Busan without the consent of Korea and changed it to the diplomatic establishment of Japan, to cause the situation to worsen.
- 朝鮮半島(高麗)を経由して伝来したものを右方舞(右舞)と言い、伴奏音楽を高麗楽と呼ぶ。
- The Bugaku introduced via the Korean Peninsula (Goryeo) is called Uhomai dance (Umai dance), and its accompanying music is called Komagaku music.
- 鵜飼漁で獲れる魚には傷がつかず、ウの食道で一瞬にして気絶させるために鮮度が非常に良い。
- The fish caught by Ukai are not hurt and are very fresh because it is unconscious from being in the esophagus of the cormorant.
- 53歳になり帰山すると相国寺住持に推され、続いて京都五山碩学と朝鮮修文職を任じられる。
- When he returned to his own temple at 53 years of age, he was given the Juji position in Shokoku-ji Temple and was additionally assigned to be a great scholar of Kyoto Gozan (Five Great zen Temples of Kyoto) and negotiator with Korea.
- 幕末には勤皇の旗幟を鮮明にし、明治以後の教団を方向付けた『御遺訓御書』をのこしている。
- At the end of the Edo period, he flew the imperialist flag and left 'Goikun Gosho' (instructions for descendant) which decided the direction of the religious community after the Meiji period.
- 朝鮮半島経由で麹による酒造法が伝えられたのであれば、それは当然麦麹であったはずである。
- If the brewing method with rice malt was transmitted via the Korean Peninsula, naturally it would have been wheat malt.
- また、中華人民共和国や朝鮮半島などアジアだけではなくヨーロッパやアフリカにも粥がある。
- It is found not only in Asian countries such the People's Republic of China and the Korean peninsula but also in Europe and Africa.
- 久扶の嫡男三刀屋孝扶は毛利氏に仕えており、文禄・慶長の役では毛利軍に属して朝鮮で戦った。
- Takasuke MITOYA, the legitimate son of Hisasuke, served the Mori clan and fought in Korea in the Mori's force during the Bunroku-Keicho War.
- 明治の日本の朝鮮進出後には永正条約との言い換えが為されたものの、条約としての体裁はない。
- Even though the name was changed to the Eisho treaty after the Japanese invasion to Korea during the Meiji period, it was still not in an appropriate form of a treaty.
- 宗氏はこの要求に屈し、この規則に基づく関係は豊臣秀吉の朝鮮征伐まで継続されることになる。
- The So clan succumbed to these demands and the relationship with Korean Dynasties based on these rules lasted until Toyotomi Hideyoshi's Korean Invasions.
- 朝鮮王朝は義澄の提案を受け入れ新符10枚が発給され、これにより散逸した旧符は無効となる。
- The Yi-Dynasty accepted Yoshizumi's requirement and issued new set of ten Gafu, whereby the scattered old Gafu were invalidated.
- 7月には朝鮮の救援要請に答えた明の遼東副総兵・祖承訓が北京市の命令を待たず援軍を発した。
- In August and September, Zu Chengxun of Ming, the Vice Commander of Liaodong, who had answered Korea's request for help, dispatched reinforcements without waiting for orders from Beijing.
- 朝鮮側の雇用が前提とはいえ、日本の商船が開港地以外での沿岸貿易が許される余地があること。
- Although the employment of Korean people was a prerequisite condition, it was possible for the Japanese merchant ships to exercise coastal trade at places other than the cities where ports were opened.
- 王政復古 (日本)し開国した日本は、李氏朝鮮に対してその旨を伝える使節を幾度か派遣した。
- After the Restoration (Japan), Japan opened the country to the world, and sent an envoy to Yi Dynasty Korea several times to convey the information about it.
- 古代エジプトやメソポタミア、古代中国、古代朝鮮半島、日本 などにおいては殉葬が行われた。
- Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient China, the Ancient Korean Peninsula, Japan and the like had the custom to perform Junso.
- 台湾神社、朝鮮神宮等の建立や参拝の強制など、国家神道と宗教政策(日本の宗教参照)の推進。
- Promotion of the State Shinto and religions policies (refer to Japan's religion) such as the enforced establishment of Taiwan-jinja Shrine and Chosen-jingu Shrine.
- また、北関大捷碑など各地にあった文化財も日本により朝鮮半島外へ持ち出されることがあった。
- Cultural properties in many places such as the Pukkwan Victory Monument were moved out of the Korean Peninsula by Japan.
- 朝鮮固有のチャンジという漬物もあるが、これは名前通り(チャン:塩辛い)味が非常に塩辛い。
- There is a pickle peculiar to Korea called chanji ('chan' means salty) which tastes very salty as its name implies.
- 金田城(かねだじょう、かねたのき)は、飛鳥時代に対馬国に築かれた古代山城(朝鮮式山城)。
- Kaneda-jo Castle (also known as Kanetanoki Castle) is an ancient mountain castle (Korean-style mountain castle) built in Tsushima Province during the Asuka Period.
- ゆえに火入れとは、かえってその酒の新鮮さを長く保つために行なう工程であるという人もいる。
- Therefore, some say that hiire is a process to keep the freshness of sake for a long time.
- このとき明・朝鮮軍では全羅道と慶尚道との道境付近にある南原城と黄石山城で守りを固めていた。
- The Ming-Korean army was increasing its defenses at Namwon and Hwangsoksan castles, between the road boundary of Chilcheollyang and Gyeongsang-do.
- 朝鮮の朝廷もまた李元翼をして兵を率い竹山方向に下り清州路を扼し以て明軍の左翼を警戒させた。
- The Korean court sent troops led by LEE Won-Ik, which headed down to Chukusan and took the Cheongju route in order to guard the left wing of the Ming army.
- 李氏朝鮮から対馬・宗氏への歳賜米・歳賜豆を嘉吉条約の200石から半分の100石に削減する。
- Reducing the amount of sanshimai (rice given by Korea) and sanshito (beans given by Korea) given by the Yi Dynasty Korea to the So clan in Tsushima from 200-koku (a unit of volume of rice: 1-koku is 180.39 liters), which the amount was determined in the Kakitsu Treaty, to be 100-koku.
- これに対して朝鮮側は強硬に退去を要求し、日朝間の外交問題に発展、日本では征韓論が台頭した。
- In response, the Korean government adamantly demanded Japanese withdrawal, which subsequently escalated into a diplomatic problem between Japan and Korea, leading to the rise of Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea) in Japan.
- したがって通信使は外交使節としてだけでなく、朝鮮の先進文化を日本に伝播する役割も果たした。
- Therefore, Tsushinshi played the role of introducing advanced culture in Korea to Japan, in addition to the mission as a diplomatic envoy.
- 前述のとおり小西行長は当初は李氏朝鮮、後には明との和平交渉を優先して平壌で北進を停止した。
- As described above, Yukinaga KONISHI put priority on peace talks with Yi Dynasty Korea, at first, and, then, with Ming and stopped any further movements north, stopping at Pyongyang.
- また、朝鮮は行政区画である朝鮮八道ごとに水使(水軍節度使)を置き、各道の水軍を統括させた。
- In addition, the dynasty placed a Naval Commander (suigun regional military governor) in each province of Eight Provinces of Korea (administrative district) and had the commander administer each navy in the provinces.
- まず穀物が朝鮮から大量輸出されるようになり、国内において深刻な米不足米価騰貴をもたらした。
- First of all, as a large amount of grain was exported from Korea, it brought about a serious rice shortage and the price of rice soared domestically in Korea.
- ロシアの勢力が朝鮮から後退したことによって再び日本の勢力が増大し韓国の経済的支配を進めた。
- Russia's retreat from Korea encouraged Japan to get back the power, and it promoted the economic domination in Korea.
- 朝鮮に於ける本貫や族譜の役割は、両班が自らの家系の正統性や優秀性を証明する為の側面もある。
- One of the roles of hongan or zokufu in Korea is for Yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) to prove the legitimacy and quality of their family lines.
- これが教相判釈の始まりであり、北伝の仏教として日本や朝鮮、ベトナムなどに伝えられていった。
- This is the origin of Kyoso Hanjaku and it was introduced into Japan, Korea and Vietnam as northern-route Buddhism.
- これに対し、李氏朝鮮の特権階級であった両班は各地で民衆を組織化し義兵軍を編成して反抗を開始。
- Yangban', traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty, organized Korean people at various places, formed a volunteer army and started fighting against the Japanese forces.
- 1884年6月、ベトナムをめぐるフランスとの対立で朝鮮駐留清軍の半数が帰還した(清仏戦争)。
- In June 1884, half of Quing troops stationed in Korea returned because of a confrontation with France over Vietnam (Sino-French War).
- これにより、経済力をつけたヤマト王権は鉄資源を求めて朝鮮半島へ経済的・軍事的に進出し始めた。
- Due to these societal changes, the Yamato Kingdom became economically stronger and began economic and military invasions of the Korean Peninsula in search of iron.
- そうして釜山広域市に再び倭館が設置され、そこで日本人は米、木綿、朝鮮人参などを求めていった。
- Then Wakan was placed again in Pusan Metropolitan City, where Japanese bought rice, cotton, Asian ginseng, etc.
- また、明の朝鮮支援軍が駆けつけると、辺りに散らばる首の殆どが朝鮮の民であったと書かれてある。
- It was written that, when the Ming army supporting Korea rushed forward and arrived, almost all heads which were scattered were those of Korean people.
- 10月15日、五大老の名において在朝鮮日本軍に撤退命令が出され、朝鮮より撤退する事となった。
- On November 13, an order for the Japanese army in Korea to withdraw was issued in the name of the Gotairo (Five Elders), and they were to withdraw from Korea.
- そしてついに2月27日(朝鮮旧暦2月3日)に、江華府練武堂で条約を締結及び批准したのである。
- Finally on February 27, the treaty was concluded and ratified at Ganghwabu Renbudo.
- 朝鮮側は朝鮮銅貨である常平銭を日本人が使用することを禁じようとしたが、日本側に押し切られた。
- Korea tried to prohibit use of the Korean copper coin called Sangpyeong Tongbo by Japanese people, but it failed because of opposition from Japan.
- 1923年9月1日に起きた関東大震災の2日後、戒厳令下に朝鮮民族が民衆によって私刑を受けた。
- Two days after the Great Kanto Earthquake of September 1, 1923, a series of lynching of Korean people by Japanese nationals occurred under martial law.
- 当時朝鮮は清の冊封国であったが、鎖国政策を国是としていたため、国際交流は非常に限られていた。
- At that time Korea was a tributary state of the Qing dynasty, but as its national policy was seclusionism, it had diplomatic relations with very limited countries.
- 李氏朝鮮では庶民に対する教育をする機関がほぼなく、7割程度の朝鮮人が読み書きができなかった。
- Joseon Dynasty had no institution of education for common people, and about 70% Koreans were illiterate.
- 韓国併合年で「憲兵警察」と「一般警察」を合わせて、7712名(その内、朝鮮人は4440名)。
- There were 7712 officers (the Koreans were 4440) with the 'Kenpei police' and 'general police' together in the year of annexation of Korea.
- 特権的身分制度が設けられ、韓国の旧皇族は王公族に、韓国併合に功績あるものは朝鮮貴族となった。
- A privileged class system was established, which made former imperial families of Korea become royals and those who made an achievement on the annexation of Korea become Korean nobles.
- しかしその一方、朝鮮語の使用を管理・弾圧もしており、日本語教育など同化政策も進められていた。
- On the other hand, however, the use of the Korean language was controlled and oppressed, and the integration policy including Japanese education was also promoted.
- 1995年まで見られた旧朝鮮総督府庁舎は、景福宮の宮殿正面に1926年に造られた建築である。
- The old Chosen Sotoku-fu building seen until 1995 was a building built in front of the palace of the Gyeongbokgung Palace in 1926.
- その種類には、黒味を帯びた濃緑色の濃茶(こいちゃ)と鮮やかな青緑色の薄茶(うすちゃ)がある。
- Two kinds of powdered green tea are available, namely full-flavored tea with blackish deep green color and weakly-flavored tea with bright blue-green color.
- 日本にマッコリのような麦麹を用いた酒が存在した記録がない以上、朝鮮半島起源説は成り立たない。
- However, since there was no record of liquor made with wheat malt such as makgeolli in Japan, the out of Korean Peninsula theory can not be true.
- 七夕(しちせき、たなばた)は、日本、中国、台湾、ベトナム、朝鮮などにおける節供、節日の一つ。
- Tanabata (Shichiseki) is one of the days of sekku/sechinichi (a day of the turn of the season) in Japan, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Korea.
- 戦場となった朝鮮半島では日本軍、朝鮮軍、明軍の戦闘や駐留の他、統治不全によって治安が悪化した。
- On Korean Peninsula, which was the battle field, public safety deteriorate because of disorderly governance in addition to battles between troops of Japan, Korea, and Ming as well as their presence there.
- この時期と前後して4世紀半ば(350年頃)からヤマト王権(倭国)は朝鮮半島との交易を開始した。
- Around this time, in the middle of the fourth century (around 350), the Yamato Kingdom (Wakoku) began trading with the Korean Peninsula.
- さらに第七条では日本が朝鮮沿岸の測量権を得て軍艦の周航など軍事的進出を容易にすることとなった。
- Furthermore, Article 7 allowed Japan to obtain a right to make a survey of coasts along Korea, facilitating Japan's military advances including the circulation of warships.
- 興利倭船(こうりわせん)とは、室町時代、日本から朝鮮へ交易のみを目的に訪れた商船のことを指す。
- Koriwasen meant a merchant ship that operated a service from Japan to Korea only for the purpose of trade during the Muromachi period.
- また1727年に雨森芳洲が対馬府中に朝鮮語学校を設置すると、その優秀者が倭館留学を認められた。
- In addition, in a Korean language school newly established in the Tsushima Domain by Hoshu AMENOMORI in 1727, its top performers were allowed to study at wakan.
- この三浦の乱は結局、朝鮮側の武力によって鎮圧され、三浦倭館は閉鎖されたが、後に一部再開された。
- The insurgence, called the Sanpo War, was eventually suppressed by the Korean army and Sanpo Wakan was closed, part of which was resumed afterward.
- 遅まきながら、関税自主権回復の必要性を悟った朝鮮側は、まず自国の在釜山商人に税を課しはじめた。
- Though it was rather too late, Korea realized the necessity of recovery of tariff autonomy, and started to impose tax to the merchants living in Busan.
- 山崎丹照『外地統治機構の研究』(1943年)は朝鮮・台湾・関東州・南洋群島・樺太を外地とした。
- In 'Study on the Governing Structures of Gaichi'(1943) written by Tansho YAMAZAKI, Korea, Taiwan, the Kwantung Leased Territory, the South Sea Islands and Sakhalin were treated as Gaichi.
- 外地弁護士...朝鮮弁護士令・台湾弁護士令・関東州弁護士令による弁護士(検察庁法第37条など)
- Gaichi attorneys ⋯ Attorneys registered under Korean Attorney Order, Taiwan Attorney Order, and the Kwangtung Leased Territory Attorney Order (Article 37 of Public Prosecutor's Office Act etc.)
- 日本だけでなく、同じく大乗仏教の影響が強かった朝鮮半島においても、同様の法令が発布されている。
- Not only in Japan, but equally in the Korean Peninsula where the influence of Mahayana Buddhism was strong, a similar law was promulgated.
- 663年、百済復興に助力するため朝鮮半島へ出兵したが、白村江の戦いで新羅・唐連合軍に大敗した。
- In 663, Prince Naka no Oe dispatched troops to the Korean peninsula to help the Kingdom of Baekje (Kudara) rebuild the country, but the Japanese army was soundly defeated by the Silla -Tang allied forces in the battle of Hakusukinoe, at the mouth of Kum River.
- 現地文化に対しては否定的な態度をとり、総督府統治に反対する朝鮮独立運動は厳しく取り締りされた。
- It had a negative attitude toward the local culture, and the independent movement of Korea against the Sotoku-fu's rule was strictly controlled.
- 16世紀末、日本の豊臣政権による朝鮮出兵(文禄・慶長の役)が行われ、日朝、日明関係が断絶した。
- In the end of 16th century, the Toyotomi government of Japan dispatched troops to Korea (the Bunroku-Keicho War), breaking off the relationship between Ming Dynasty and Japan, as well as the one between Korea and Japan.
- 日本へは平安時代初期に中国から伝来したという説、16世紀に朝鮮半島より伝わったという説がある。
- There is a theory that they were introduced from China to Japan at the beginning of the Heian Period and a theory that they were brought from the Korean Peninsula in the 16th century.
- またチベット語訳、ウイグル語訳、西夏語訳、モンゴル語訳、満洲語訳、朝鮮語(諺文)訳などがある。
- It was also translated into Tibetan, Uighur, Tangut, Mongolian, Manchurian, Korean (onmun) and so on.
- 鉄剣形の槍先にした鉄矛は、朝鮮半島南部や北九州でも出土していて、当時の武器の中心になっていた。
- Iron halberds each with an iron-sword type tip shape, which were also unearthed in the southern part of the Korean peninsular as well as in the northern Kyushu area, constituted main arms at that time.
- 日本の梵鐘は中国の様式を倣ったものが大半で、朝鮮鐘を倣ったものはごく例外的なものとされている。
- Most Japanese Bonsho are modeled on the Chinese bell style and ones on the Korean style are considered to be rare.
- これは後の明清交代期に於いて、清朝と明との間での朝鮮外交の針路に多大な影響を与えることとなった。
- During the later period in the shift from Ming to Quin, this made an important impact on the track of foreign diplomacy between the Quin Dynasty and Ming.
- また朝鮮民衆の協力もあり、王都ソウル特別市や平壌を次々と占領するなど朝鮮領土の大部分を占領した。
- With the cooperation of the Korean people, the Japanese forces conquered most parts of Korea by conquering the capital, Seoul Special City, and Pyongyang.
- 文禄元年6月15日、葦北を治める肥後熊本城主加藤清正の朝鮮出征中の隙を突く形で佐敷城を占拠する。
- On July 23, 1592, he seized the Sashiki-jo Castle while the castellan of the Higo-Kumamoto area, Kiyomasa KATO, who controlled Ashikita, was away fighting in Korea.
- しかし、この事件を契機としてヤマト王権による朝鮮半島南部への進出活動が急速に衰えることとなった。
- However, due to this incident, the Yamato Kingdom rapidly lost influence in the southern Korean Peninsula.
- 結果として、1504年以降朝鮮に通交した日本国王使・王城大臣使の大半は偽使であると見られている。
- It could be concluded that most of the Kings of Japan envoys and the Ojo-daijin envoys dispatched to Korea after 1540 were pseudo envoys.
- これに対し朝鮮では通信使を派遣したが、その一行はおよそ400余人になり、国賓として待遇を受けた。
- For this, Korea sent Tsushinshi consisting of approx. 400 persons, and they were treated as national guests.
- 当初朝鮮政府は日本人には徴税権・検断権も行使出来なかった為、彼等を統制下に置こうと圧力をかける。
- Since the Korean Government was at first unable to exercise on Japanese the right to collect taxes nor the right to judge criminal cases, it pressured them in an attempt to put them under its control.
- 撤退命令を受領した小西行長は11月、明・朝鮮の陸水諸将と交渉や買収で無血撤退の約束を取り付ける。
- Having received the withdrawal order, Yukinaga KONISHI succeeded in December to obtain a promise of bloodless withdrawal through negotiations with and by bribing the Ming and Korean commanders of the army and navy.
- 朝鮮水軍の李舜臣が釜山西方に展開中の日本軍を攻撃し、数千の日本陸軍と水軍が対応の為に拘束された。
- The Korean navy with Yi Sun-sin attacked the Japanese army that was in the process of deploying to the west of Busan, and thousands of troops in the Japanese army and navy had to remain there to deal with it.
- 中国のほか、中国の影響を受けた東アジア一円(日本、朝鮮など)で、その文化とともに取り入れられた。
- Besides China, the whole region in the East Asia (including Japan, Korea) that was influenced by China adopted these units along with Chinese culture.
- 朝鮮では露館播遷で断髪令を廃止しており、このような断髪は一般市民からは考えられないものであった。
- In Korea, the order of bobbed hair had been abolished at the time of Rokanhasen, so such brobbed hair was unthinkable for general public.
- 大地主である朝鮮人は、生産性が上がり日本へ米を輸出できるようになったことで多額の儲けを得ていた。
- Korean large landowners gained a large amount of profit due to the improved productivity, which allowed them to export rice to Japan.
- 小学校未就学の青年には「朝鮮特別青年錬成所」への一年の入所を義務とし、600時間の教育を行った。
- Youths who didn't go to elementary school were obliged to go to 'Korean Special Youth Training Camp' for one year to have 600-hour education.
- ただし同化教育はさらに推進され、学校での朝鮮語の時間は減少し、かわりに日本語の時間を増加させた。
- However, integration education was further promoted, and Korean classes were decreased at school and Japanese classes were increased instead.
- 品質としては形状が細く針状のものを良とし、香気は特に一番茶新芽の新鮮な香りを保持したものが良い。
- Quality-wise, thin needle-shaped tea leaves and those that retain the fresh scent of first-picked burgeons are considered good.
- しかし、現在では新鮮なものが入手しにくいなどの問題から、サメなどを原料とするのは極上品とされる。
- However, hanpen made from shark is considered the best quality since it is hard to obtain fresh shark nowadays.
- 保存技術の発達により、日本のどこでも新鮮な海産物が手に入る(日本は魚介類の消費が世界一である)。
- Thanks to development of preserving technique, fresh seafood is available in any place in Japan (Japan is the No. 1 consumer of fish and shellfish in the world).
- 帰国段階で明・朝鮮水軍の妨害を受け、露梁海戦を戦うことになるが、11月末までに全軍帰国を果たした。
- On their way back to Japan, despite the Japanese forces being hindered by the Ming-Korean navy at the Battle of Noryang, all returned to Japan by the end of December.
- 「しかし、清国はそれを妨害し、朝鮮に大軍を送り、また朝鮮沖で日本の軍艦を攻撃した(豊島沖海戦)。」
- However, Qing prevented this and sent a large force and attacked Japanese warship off korea (Battle of Pungdo).'
- 江戸幕府に対する朝鮮通信使が派遣されて正式の和平が果たされたのは慶長12年(1607年)であった。
- It was in 1607 that Chosen Tsushinshi to Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was dispatched and formal peace was made.
- 断絶していた李氏朝鮮との国交を回復すべく、日本側から朝鮮側に通信使の派遣を打診したことにはじまる。
- It began with the approach to restore diplomatic relations with the Yi Dynasty in Korea from Japan to Korea for sounding out the dispatch of Tsushinshi (Emissary).
- また朝鮮側が厳禁していた朝鮮人参の種が密かに日本に持ち出され、日本国内でも朝鮮人参栽培に成功した。
- Also, Asian ginseng seeds, strictly prohibited by the Korean government, were secretly brought to Japan, resulting in the success of cultivation of Asian ginseng in Japan.
- 中世日朝貿易は制限貿易であり、朝鮮王朝から図書と呼ばれる銅製印章を受けた者のみ通交が許されていた。
- The medieval Japan-Korea trade was limited trade, and only the recipients of copper seals called toso (tosho in Japanese) were allowed to have diplomatic relations with the Yi dynasty.
- 10月2日から4日にかけて明・朝鮮軍が水陸から順天倭城を攻撃したが、これを撃退する(順天の戦い)。
- From October 31 to November 2, the Ming and Korean armies attacked the Suncheon Waeseong from both land and sea, but the Japanese army fought them off.
- この戦いに先立つ事8月18日、既に秀吉は逝去していたが、このことは在朝鮮日本軍には秘匿されていた。
- Although Hideyoshi had already died on September 18 before this battle started, this was concealed from the Japanese army in Korea.
- 1910年(明治43年)の日韓併合以後は朝鮮人が日本人となったことから朝鮮征伐の表現は避けられた。
- Since the Japanese Annexation of Korea in 1910, because Koreans became Japanese citizens, the expression of chosen seibatsu was avoided.
- 本貫(ほんがん/うぶすな)は、中国・朝鮮半島及び日本の律令制で戸籍に記載された本籍地のことをいう。
- Hongan (also called Ubusuna) refers to the registered address on the family register under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the Ritsuryo code) in China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan.
- 交渉が暗礁に乗り上げると、日本では朝鮮出兵を求める征韓論争など出兵問題が政治問題化するようになる。
- When the negotiation came up against unexpected difficulties, the issue of the dispatch of troops, like Seikanron, which demands the dispatch of troops to Korea, became a political issue in Japan.
- 中国で誕生した環濠集落は、農耕文化の重要な要素の一つとして、朝鮮半島を経由して日本列島に伝来した。
- Originating in China, moat settlement was transmitted to Japan through the Korean Peninsula as one of the important elements of agricultural culture.
- 結果的に多くの土地が国有地に編入され、朝鮮の農民の多くが土地の所有権を喪失したとする研究者もいる。
- As a result, many lands were incorporated into the public land, and many Korean peasants lost their ownership of their land, some researchers say.
- 当時李氏朝鮮でも朱子学は形骸化しつつあったが、鄭は陽明学によって儒教を再生することを唱えるに至る。
- In Yi Dynasty Korea, Shushigaku was losing substance but through Yomeigaku, Cheng managed to revive Confucianism.
- 高麗が李成桂の李氏朝鮮にとってかわられると、中国の正史編纂にならって紀伝体の『高麗史』が作られた。
- After the Goryeo dynasty gave way to the Joseon dynasty founded by Seong-gye YI, the new dynasty studied China's compilation methods for official histories and then produced the biographical annal 'History of Goryeo'.
- 朝鮮にも1868年12月に明治政府が樹立するとすぐに書契、すなわち国書を対馬藩の宗氏を介し送った。
- Right after the establishment of the Meiji government in December 1866, Japan sent Korea a diplomatic correspondence, that is to say a sovereign's message, through the So clan in Tsushima.
- しかし国書の中に「皇」や「奉勅」といったことばが使用されていたために、朝鮮側は受け取りを拒否した。
- However, the Korean side refused to receive the sovereign's message because it used the words 'imperial' and 'imperial order.'
- 日本・中国・朝鮮半島・ベトナムの東アジア諸国では、古くから満年齢は使われず、数え年が使われてきた。
- East Asian countries such as Japan, China, Korea and Vietnam did not use the Western style of calculating age in older times; rather, they used Kazoedoshi (the age by the traditional Japanese system).
- 6月2日閣議は衆議院解散と公使館、居留民保護の名目で朝鮮への混成一個旅団8000名の派兵を決定した。
- On June 2, the cabinet dissolved the house of Representatives and decided to send a mixed brigade consisting of 8,000 soldiers to Korea on the pretext of protecting Japanese residents in Korea.
- この時またも公使館が全焼し日本人に30数名の犠牲者を出し、日本国内では朝鮮、中国への反感が高まった。
- The legation was completely burned down and more than thirty Japanese people died, provoking antipathy to Korea and China.
- 大日本帝国 『清国ニ対スル宣戦ノ詔勅』では朝鮮の独立と改革の推進、東洋全局の平和などが唱われている。
- The imperial prescript of Empire of Japan advocates the cause to promote independence and reform of Korea and peace of the entire East.
- 1871年日本で廃藩置県が実施されると、江戸時代以来対馬藩に委ねられていた朝鮮外交権を外務省が接収。
- When the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) was carried out in Japan in 1871, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs took over the right of trade with Korea, a right that had long been consigned to the Tsushima clan since the Edo period.
- 特に歴代の朝鮮通信使は日本の揚水式水車に興味を示し、幾度もその構造を絵図面に写して自国に持ち帰った。
- In particular, each of the Chosen Tsushinshi envoys showed interest in water-pumping wheels in Japan and brought back pictures depicting the structure many times.
- 日本軍が築いた朝鮮の城塞を守っていた2万の守備軍を含め、総勢14万1500人が朝鮮半島に再上陸した。
- The army of over 141,500 men, including the defensive force of 20,000 soldiers who had been guarding the fortresses in Korea built by the Japanese army, landed on the Korean Peninsula for the second time.
- そのため朝鮮人ともめ事を起こすことになっていくが、当然、対馬商人たちは日本側が引き取り裁判を行った。
- The merchants in Tsushima began to cause troubles with Korean people, but naturally they were taken in and tried by the Japanese court.
- この条文前半は、三条太政大臣が譲歩すべきではないとした訓示の一つであったが、朝鮮側の反対はなかった。
- The first half of this provision was one of the instructions given by the Grand Minister Sanjo who insisted not to compromise, but Korea did not oppose it.
- 日本側代表は理事官外務大丞である宮本小一、朝鮮側代表は講修官議政府堂上の肩書きを持つ趙寅熙であった。
- The representatives were the Resident Foreign Minister Okazu MIYAMOTO from Japan and In Hee CHO from Korea, a negotiator on behalf of the Korean government with a title of 講修官議政府堂上.
- 10世紀に朝鮮を統一した高麗は独自の律令を制定したが、これはほぼ唐律令を引き写した内容となっていた。
- Kingdom of Goryeo that unified the Korean Peninsula in the 10th century mostly copied from the Tang Luri in order to establish Luli of its own.
- 江戸時代に入っても、対馬藩にはその権限が引き続き認められ、幕府の対朝鮮外交を中継ぎする役割を担った。
- The Tsushima Domain was allowed to carry authority even during the Edo period, having the honor of coordinating the diplomatic exchanges between the Bakufu and Korea.
- これにより冊封体制の維持を理由に国交交渉を忌避する朝鮮を、交渉のテーブルに着くように促したのである。
- As a result of that, Japan urged Korea to enter into negotiations, while Korea had been avoiding the diplomatic negotiations in order to maintain the tributary system.
- 巻子本は中国、朝鮮半島、日本などの東アジアにおいて盛んに作られたほか、古代エジプトなどにも例がある。
- Kansubon were popularly made and used in China, Korean Peninsula, Japan and other East Asian countries, as well as even in ancient Egypt where some similar examples were reported.
- 徳川政権になってからも、1609年〈慶長14年)に己酉条約を成立させるなど、朝鮮外交の任に当たった。
- Even after the formation of the Tokugawa government, he was in charge of diplomacy with Korea, such as concluding the Kiyu Treaty in 1609.
- 胡粉は、溶き方が不用意であると、塗ってから剥落したり、鮮やかな色沢を出すことなどできなかったりする。
- In the case of shell lime, if it is not dissolved correctly, it may peel off and a rich luster will not be obtained.
- が、色川氏などは堀内氏との因縁からその指揮下に入ることを嫌い、朝鮮出兵の際には藤堂氏の指揮下に入った。
- However, the Irokawa clan and others disliked being ruled by the Horiuchi clan because of the previous relationship and joined the troops under the Todo clan at the time of Japan's Invasion of Korea.
- その後計画に従い、京畿道、忠清道、全羅道の各日本軍はそれぞれ反転して朝鮮半島南岸に還り築城を開始する。
- Then, following the plan, the Japanese troops at Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do and Jeolla-do were reversed and went back to the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula in order to start building castles.
- 1895年に日本が清に勝利すると下関条約が締結され、日本は清に朝鮮が自主独立国であることを認めさせた。
- When Japan beat China in 1895, the Treaty of Shimonoseki was concluded in which Japan had Korea recognize the independence and autonomy of Korea.
- 丁未約条(ていびやくじょう)とは、1547年に朝鮮王朝と対馬の宗氏の間で結ばれた来航者取締規則のこと。
- Teibi Yakujo were regulations relating to the control of visitors to Japan which were agreed between the Yi-Dynasty and the So clan in Tsushima in 1547.
- 朝鮮王朝はそうした買い手の付かない物については王朝が買い取ることで興利倭船の早期出港を図ることになる。
- The Korea kingdom facilitated Koriwasen to leave the port early by purchasing the goods for which Koriwa could not find anyone to deal with.
- 日本から通交する使節はいずれかの牙符を携行し、朝鮮側の保管する片割れと突き合わせることで査証を行った。
- The envoy dispatched from Japan brought any of the halves, that were to be matched with the other half kept by Yi-Dynasty as an endorsement.
- 1609年に締結された己酉条約によって、朝鮮は対馬藩主らに官職を与え、日本国王使としての特権を認めた。
- Based on the Kiyu Treaty concluded in 1609, Korea bestowed government posts on the Tsushima clan and a few others, and granted them privileges as Japanese envoys.
- 対馬藩は江戸幕府から朝鮮外交担当を命じられ、釜山に新設された倭館における朝鮮交易の独占権も付与された。
- The Tsushima clan was appointed in charge of diplomacy with Korea by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and was also bestowed the exclusive right for commerce with Korea at the newly-established wakan in Busan.
- 李氏朝鮮に対しこの要求を直接伝えず、日本統一を祝賀する朝鮮通信使の派遣を要求して穏便に済まそうとした。
- It did not convey these requirements directly to the Yi Dynasty in Korea and tried to settle the situation peacefully by requiring dispatch of Chosen Tsushinshi (the Korean Emissary) to celebrate the unification of Japan.
- 砲艦外交や米価騰貴、領事裁判権などいくつもの要因が重複して、朝鮮側の日本への悪感情を蓄積させていった。
- By the gunboat diplomacy, the soaring price of rice, consular jurisdiction, and other factors overlapping, the bad feelings against Japan had been accumulated in Korea.
- まず随行兵士の人数や武器携帯をめぐって、本交渉の前に協議されたが、日本側は朝鮮側の抗議を一蹴している。
- First of all, before starting negotiations, the number of soldiers and carrying arms were talked about, but the Japanese refused the protests of Korea.
- 人道的措置の履行を義務づけるこの条項は、西欧列強の朝鮮に対する要望を日本が替わりに挿入したものである。
- This provision, which provided the obligation of humanitarian measures, was inserted by Japan as a requirement of the powerful countries of Western Europe toward Korea.
- しかしながら、李氏朝鮮後期から末期かけて売官や族譜の売買が行われ、血統としての本貫は混乱してしまった。
- However, government posts and zokufu were sold from the late to the end of Yi Dynasty Korea period, which confused the hongan as blood line.
- 李王朝時代の朝鮮は、農地が荒廃しており、民衆は官吏や両班、高利貸によって責めたてられて収奪されていた。
- In Korea in the period of Joseon Dynasty, the agricultural lands were devastated, and the people were hounded and deprived by government officials, yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) and loan sharks.
- 一連の事件の経過と克明な様子は、伝狩野芳崖作『桜田事変絵巻』(彦根城博物館蔵)に鮮やかに描かれている。
- The incident and the detailed sequence of events are skillfully depicted by Hogai KANO in a painted scroll, 'The Sakurada Incident Emaki' (owned by the Hikone Castle Museum).
- また、朝鮮通信使が描かれているものがあることも江戸期の洛中洛外図の特徴の一つとして挙げることが出来る。
- One of the characteristics of the Rakuchu rakugai zu painted during the Edo period is that a delegation from Korea is depicted in some of them.
- このころに朝鮮通信使に関する国書の起草に関与しているが、以降朝鮮外交に関して幕府顧問となって活躍した。
- At that time he drafted a manuscript for a diplomatic document concerning the Buddhist missionary to Korea, and later he participated as the advisor to the bakufu concerning diplomatic relations with Korea.
- 明・朝鮮軍の総力を挙げた攻勢を撃退した日本軍であったが、既に8月18日に秀吉は死去していた(享年62)。
- Although the Japanese forces fought off the all-out attack from the Ming-Korean forces, Hideyoshi had already died on September 18th (died at the age of 62).
- 近代国家の建設を急ぐ日本では、朝鮮半島を自国の独占的な勢力下におく必要があるとの意見が大勢を占めていた。
- In its rush to establish a modern nation state the opinion that the Korean peninsula should be placed under the exclusive influence of Japan held sway.
- 対馬からの歳遣船は毎年50隻を上限とし、代わりに歳賜米200石を朝鮮王朝から支給されることが確認された。
- With this trade agreement, it was confirmed that 50 saikensen (ship to dispatch an envoy to Korea) be permitted from Tsushima per year, and 200 koku of rice per year be given out from the Korean Dynasties in return.
- 釜山浦倭館は1592年の豊臣秀吉による朝鮮侵攻まで存続し、三浦倭館のなかでは最も長く日本人が住んでいた。
- Busan Wakan existed until the invasion of Korea by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in 1592, and was the one where Japanese had resided for the longest period among others in Sanpo Wakan.
- 朝鮮側の認識では、日朝修好条規の締結は江戸時代における冊封体制下における交隣関係復活であると捉えていた。
- Korea understood the conclusion of the Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity was a revival of the relationship of peace and amity under the tributary system during the Edo period.
- 明治3年2月、明治政府は佐田白茅、森山茂を派遣したが、佐田は朝鮮の状況に憤慨し、帰国後に征韓を建白した。
- In March 1870, the Meiji government sent Hakubo SATA and Shigeru MORIYAMA to Korea, but SATA petitioned the government to conquer Korea by military force because he resented the attitude of Korea.
- ただし現代では、その四神と現実の地形との対応付けについて、中国や韓国・朝鮮と日本では大きく異なっている。
- However, the correspondence between the Four Gods and actual geography in Japan differs greatly from that in China, South Korea, and North Korea.
- 鮮魚市場で特に区別するときには、スケトウダラの子をすけそうの子(助そ子)、マダラの子をマダラの子と呼ぶ。
- In case of making distinctions of species in fresh fish markets, roes of Walleye pollack are called sukeso-no-ko (or sukeso-ko) and roes of Pacific cod are called madara-no-ko.
- 一部はインテリアとして発達し、彫金を施された金属製の火鉢や、鮮やかな彩色をされた陶器製の火鉢が作られた。
- Some were developed as interior accessories, with engraved metal hibachi and colorful ceramic hibachi being produced.
- またこれにより、温泉水を直に飲用したことで医療効果が鮮明であったことから、飲泉と医学がすぐに結びついた。
- As the drinking of hot spring water showed clear medical effects, it was soon associated with medical science.
- 中国遼東半島の旅順、大連租借権等の確保と中国東北部および朝鮮における自国権益の維持・拡大を目的とした戦争。
- Each country sought to secure concessions in Lushun and Dalian in China's Liaodong peninsula and maintain and expand their rights and interests in the other parts of Northeastern China and Korea.
- 明治政府は12月に黒田清隆を特命全権大使に任命し軍艦3隻などの艦隊をともなって朝鮮に派遣した(砲艦外交)。
- The Meiji Government appointed Kiyotaka KURODA as a plenipotentiary in December and dispatched him to Korea with a fleet including three warships (gunboat diplomacy).
- 日朝修好条規締約後の朝鮮では日本の支援による兵制改革で軍人が失職し、残った旧式軍隊にも給与が遅配していた。
- In Korea after Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity was concluded, military system reform with Japanese support left many solders unemployed, and the remaining soldiers in the old-fashioned military force were not paid on time.
- 海東諸国全図、西海道九州図、壱岐島図、対馬図、琉球王国図、朝鮮三浦の乱図などの地図が冒頭に掲げられている。
- Maps including those of the whole of Japan, Kyushu, Iki Island, Tsushima Island and the Ryukyu Kingdom, and picture of the Korean Sanpo Rebellion are included at the beginning of the book.
- しかし、交易の発展にともない豆毛浦倭館は手狭になり、交通も不便であったので、朝鮮側に再三移転要求を行った。
- However, since its space became insufficient as the commerce had been thriving, combined with its poor transportation conditions, the Japanese-side repeatedly asked the Korean government for its relocation.
- なお、秀吉は開戦後も李氏朝鮮が降参するならこれを許し、明遠征への先導役を果たさせる考えを捨てていなかった。
- Hideyoshi still maintained the intention that, if Yi Dynasty Korea would surrender, he would accept it and make it a stepping stone for an expedition to Ming.
- 12月22日、完成直前の蔚山倭城(日本式城郭)を明・朝鮮連合軍5万6,900人が襲撃し、攻城戦を開始した。
- On January 29, 1598, allied forces of Ming and Korea consisting of 56,900 soldiers attacked Ulsan Waeseong (Japanese style castle), just before its completion, and began a siege.
- が、明軍は漢城を捨てずに抗戦の構えを見せた為に、日本軍は冬季の内陸駐屯を避けて朝鮮南岸へ布陣して越冬した。
- However, because the Ming army did not leave Hansong and showed a willingness to fight back, the Japanese army did not stay inland in winter but took up their position on the southern coast of Korea and stayed there over the winter.
- その間朝鮮王朝の圧政に苦しんでいた民衆は景福宮や奴婢の身分台帳を保管していた掌隷院などに放火し消失させた。
- During the battle, Korean people who had been suffering under their tyrannical dynasty burned the Gyeongbokgung Palace and changnye won, which kept the register of slaves, and turned them into ashes.
- 日本の豊臣秀吉が主導する遠征軍と李氏朝鮮および明の軍との間で交渉を交えながら朝鮮半島を戦場にして戦われた。
- An expeditionary force from Japan headed by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and military forces of the Yi Dynasty Korea and Ming fought each other on the Korean Peninsula carrying out intermittent negotiations in parallel.
- 開港においては土地を貸借し家屋を造営しあるいは所在する朝鮮人の家屋を賃借することも各人の自由に任せること。
- When ports are opened, people can decide by themselves whether to borrow land and construct their houses, or borrow their houses from Koreans.
- 日本側原案では、公使は常駐であったが、朝鮮側の要求で「随時」とし、必要がある場合に限り派遣することとした。
- In the original plan Japan required that ministers should be permanently stationed, but it was amended to 'at any time' so they could be dispatched only when they were necessary.
- 材料の銅を輸入に頼らざるを得なかった朝鮮としては、日本によって国外に銅が流出する危惧を抱いていたのである。
- As Korea relied on the import of copper, the material of currency, they worried that copper would flow out of Korea to Japan.
- 朝鮮半島では、7世紀中葉ごろ、高句麗・百済との緊張が高まっていた新羅により、律令受容の試みが行われていた。
- Around the mid seventh century in the Korean Peninsula, Silla of the three kingdoms of Korea adopted Luli tentatively during the period when the tensions against Koguryo and Baekje ran high.
- しかしそのような朝鮮にも1860年代以降国際化の波(外圧)が押し寄せ、海上から西欧諸国が訪れるようになる。
- However, after the 1860s the wave of internationalization (foreign pressure) flooded into Korea, and the countries of Western Europe began to come over the sea.
- 古代の倭へは、古くから多くの渡来人(帰化人)が連綿と渡来してきており、その多くは朝鮮半島の出身者であった。
- In the ancient Japan, toraijin had continuously come to Japan and most of them were from the Korean peninsula.
- 右 -『蒙古式』: トルコ、モンゴル、朝鮮、日本等で見られ、矢は弓の右側に来るよう番えるのが一般的である。
- Right - 'Menggu (Mongol) style': the style seen in Turkey, Mongolia, Korea, Japan and so on, in which an arrow generally rides on the right side of the bow.
- アジアではインドや中央アジアの石窟などに仏教壁画が描かれ、中国や朝鮮、そして日本の仏教美術に影響を与えた。
- In Asia, Buddhist wall paintings were created in stone caves in India and Central Asia, which influenced Buddhist art in China, Korea, and Japan.
- この戦いにより島津義弘は「鬼石蔓子」(おにしまづ)と恐れられ、その武名は朝鮮だけでなく、明国まで響き渡った。
- Yoshihiro SHIMAZU was feared as 'Oni-Shimazu' (Shimazu ogre) and his bushi name spread across not only Korea but Ming Dynasty.
- 征夷大将軍徳川家康と朝鮮側の使節との会見が実現したのは日本軍撤兵から6年後の慶長9年(1604年)であった。
- It was in 1604, six years after the withdrawal of the Japanese army, that an interview of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA took place, who was seii taishogun (literally, great general who subdues the barbarians), with an envoy from Korea.
- 日本側 陸軍は第一軍で朝鮮半島へ上陸、鴨緑江を渡河しつつ、在朝鮮のロシア軍と第一会戦を交えた後に満洲へ進撃。
- Japanese-side: The army would land their First Army on the Korean Peninsula and climb northwards and engage occupying Russian forces and assault Manchuria by crossing the Oryokko River.
- 日本側では、この提案では朝鮮が事実上ロシアの支配下となり、日本の独立も危機的な状況になりかねないと判断した。
- Japan judged that the Russian proposal would effectively place Korea under the control of the Russians, and would inevitably pose a threat to the Japanese sovereignty.
- 李氏朝鮮との間では国書受け入れを巡って紛争が起こり、1873年政府を二分する論争(いわゆる征韓論)となった。
- The government came into conflict with the Joseon Dynasty of Korea about whether or not they accept the sovereign's message, and then 'Seikanron' (the dispute about conquering Korea by military force) occurred in 1873, dividing the Japanese government.
- しかしながら、その後に李氏朝鮮でこの種の水車が用いられたという歴史がないことから実現はしなかったようである。
- However, because it is not recorded that water wheels of this type were used in Yi Dynasty Korea, it is likely that such water wheels were not made in Korea.
- 近年では、朝鮮半島が戦場となったため、朝鮮側が受けた被害に関心をもつ研究者を中心に朝鮮侵略と呼ぶ場合もある。
- In recent years, in certain cases, it has been called chosen shinryaku (literally, invasion into Korea) by people centering on researchers who are interested in damage the Korean side suffered because the Korean Peninsula was the battlefield.
- 同じく日本も朝鮮を影響下に置こうと画策しはじめていたため、日本と清朝の対立が深まり、日清戦争の遠因となった。
- As Japan also started to scheme to put Korea under their control, the conflict between Japan and the Qing dynasty became more serious, and this became an indirect cause of the Sino-Japanese War.
- 住民構成は、朝鮮・台湾・関東州とことなり、現地人である島民よりも日本人や台湾人などの移住者の人口が多かった。
- As for the demographic structure, unlike Korea, Taiwan, and the Kwantung Leased Territory, the population of immigrants, such as Japanese or Taiwanese, was larger than that of the indigenous islanders.
- 6世紀から7世紀の朝鮮半島では高句麗、百済、新羅の三国が鼎立していたが、新羅は二国に圧迫される存在であった。
- From the 6th century to the 7th century, the Korean Peninsula was comprised of the three kingdoms of Koguryo, Kudara, and Silla, but Silla was constantly under pressure from the other two kingdoms.
- 政府は、1895年(開国 (李氏朝鮮)504年)11月15日の詔勅を発布し、太陽暦とともに当制度を採用した。
- The government adopted the system, along with the solar calendar, by promulgating the imperial rescript on November 15, 1895 (also can be called the 504th year of 'Kaikoku' [an era name of the Joseon Dynasty, meaning establishment of a country.]).
- この時代には朝鮮人による合法的民族運動が盛り上がり、朝鮮文学の発展や大都市における大衆文化の発達が見られた。
- In this period, legal racial movement by the Koreans became active, and development of Korean literature and that of popular culture in big cities were seen.
- 遺伝子分析などにより、日本人は朝鮮半島や樺太経由で北方から渡ってきた人々が中心になっていると考えられている。
- According to gene analyses, it is considered that Japanese people were based on people coming from the north via the Korean Peninsula or Sakhalin.
- ドイツに起源を持つ人工顔料紺青(「ベロ」はベルリンより)は、鮮やかな発色を持ち、葛飾北斎らによって使われた。
- Synthetic pigment, Prussian blue ('Bero' came from Berlin), which originated from Germany, produced bright color and was used by Hokusai KATSUSHIKA and others.
- 色鮮やかな版画群は、世界で浮世絵だけであり、西洋美術にもこの分野はないことが評価につながっていると思われる。
- Ukiyoe is the world's only vivid-colored woodblock prints; Western pictorial art has no such category, which is thought to encourage its appreciation.
- 1950年:洋白発行計画があるも、朝鮮戦争による原価高騰によって計画中止となり、資料用を除いて全て廃棄される。
- 1950: Although there was a plan to issue nickel silver 10-yen coins, it was abandoned as the price of the material soared due to the Korean War, and the coins were disposed of, except those preserved for the purpose of documentation.
- 両事変後、朝鮮において日本は経済的に進出し、90年代朝鮮の貿易で日本は輸出の90%以上、輸入の50%を占めた。
- Since the two incidents that occurred in korea, Japan had promoted an economic presence, and Japanese exports amounted to more than 90% and Japanese imports accounted for 50% in Korean trade during the 1890's.
- 中国や朝鮮半島諸国との通交・人的交流などにより技術や文化を持った多くの人々が渡来し、ヤマト(倭国)へ貢献した。
- Many people who were engaged in technology or cultural activities came over from China and the Korean Peninsula through trade and interaction, contributing to the development of Yamato (Wakoku).
- この時朝鮮では幼い国王高宗にかわりその実父興宣大院君が実権を握り、外戚安東金氏の専横と古い体制を打破していた。
- In Korea at this time, not King Gojong, still young, but his father Heungseon Daewongun held onto power trying to do away with tyranny and the old system established by his material relatives, the Kim clan of the Andong district.
- 朝鮮王朝により10枚製作され、それぞれ一から十まで通し番号が入っており、左符を朝鮮側、右符を日本側が保管した。
- Ten sets of tallies were prepared by the Yi-Dynasty with serial numbers from one to ten, and the left halves were kept by the Yi-Dynasty and the right halves were kept by the Japan side.
- 1510年、交易上のトラブルもあり朝鮮側に不満を募らせた日本人は、対馬からの援軍も加えて大規模な反乱を起こす。
- In 1510, the Japanese became discontented with the Korean side, partly due to troubles in trade, which caused a big-scale insurgence, with reinforcements from Tsushima.
- また、明・朝鮮水軍の出撃で順天の海上封鎖が解けたことを知った小西行長は海戦海域を避けて海路脱出に成功している。
- Knowing that naval blockade of Suncheon was lifted because of the sorties of the Ming and Korean navies, Yukinaga KONISHI succeeded to escape by sea avoiding the area of the on-going naval battle.
- 日本の文化は常に中国大陸および朝鮮半島を主とする外来文化の影響を受け、仏教が文化全般に多大な影響を与えていた。
- Japanese culture had been always influenced by foreign culture - mainly by that of China and Korea - and Buddhism introduced from them greatly influenced the whole of Japanese culture.
- こうして編成された豊臣政権の水軍は、1592年に始まる朝鮮出兵(文禄・慶長の役)大々的に投入されることになる。
- The organized suigun in the Toyotomi administration were sent to dispatch troops to Korea from 1592 (battles of Bunroku and Keicho) on a big scale.
- つまり、ロシアとの国境問題が解決した場合には、改めて朝鮮への遣使が行われるという解釈も成立する可能性があった。
- In fact, there is a possibility to read it to dispatch an envoy to Korea once again after they solved border issue with Russia.
- 一見双方平等のようであるが、貿易に関する力量がすでに異なっていたため、朝鮮側にとって著しく不利なものであった。
- It seemed an equal treaty at a glance, but the ability to trade was already different, so it was remarkably disadvantageous to Korea.
- 秀吉の朝鮮出兵は失敗に終わり、徳川将軍家が支配する江戸時代になると、「天下」は日本列島に限る意味で用いられた。
- The Hideyoshi's dispatch of troops to Korea ended in failure, and in the Edo period when the Tokugawa Shogun family ruled Japan, the term 'Tenka' was used in only referring to the Japanese archipelago.
- 須恵器の起源は朝鮮半島(特に、その南部の伽耶)にあり、初期の須恵器は半島のものと区別をつけにくいほど似ている。
- Sueki originated in Korean Peninsula (especially in Kaya which was in the south of the peninsula), and early Sueki looks so similar to the one created in the peninsula that it is hard to distinguish between the two.
- そのため、畿内を地盤とするヤマト王権が外交や朝鮮半島への軍事行動の要衝として、出先機関を設置することになった。
- Therefore, Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) which had its regional base in the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) established a regional office as a strategic point for foreign affairs and military operation against the Korean peninsula.
- しかし、それ以降領有した日本統治時代 (台湾)・日本統治時代の朝鮮などの外地に新たな令制国は設定されなかった。
- However, after that, in Taiwan and in Korea in the age under the rule of Japan, new ryosei province was not established.
- 日本に昔からあった女性の下着である腰巻と、中国・朝鮮半島から伝わった褶(ひらみ)が一体化した物という説がある。
- There is speculation that koshimaki (waist wrap), a traditional Japanese women's undergarments since ancient times merged with hirami imported from China and the Korean Peninsula and became mo.
- 大野城(おおのじょう又はおおののき)は、飛鳥時代に築城された筑前国四王寺山にある古代山城(朝鮮式山城)である。
- Ono-jo (also known as Ononoki) Castle was an ancient mountaintop castle (Korean-style mountain castle) constructed in the Asuka period, which was located on Mt. Shioji in Chikuzen Province.
- 幕内力士は専用の控え座布団を持つことが認められており、鮮やかな色の下地にはそれぞれの四股名が染め抜かれている。
- Top division wrestlers are permitted to have their own special zabuton and they have their ring names dyed on colorful material.
- 本来、「スケトウダラ」を示す朝鮮語「ミョンテ」(明太)、またはロシア語「ミンダイ」の子という意味の言葉である。
- The original meaning comes from the combination of 'myonte'(明太), a Korean word, or 'mindai,' a Russian word, both meaning Walleye pollack with the last character '子'(roe).
- あるいは精米歩合が高く、造りがしっかりしている大吟醸酒などは、ダイヤモンドのように鮮やかにきらめく光沢を持つ。
- Daiginjoshu with a high rice-polishing ratio that has been elaborately produced has a luster clearly shining like a diamond.
- 国税庁と在日朝鮮人商工連合会の間で取り交わされたとされる以下の五項目の合意も五箇条の御誓文と呼ばれることがある。
- The agreement including 5 items made between the National Tax Administration Agency and Federation of Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Korean resident in Japan is also called Charter Oath of Five Articles sometimes.
- 秀吉の朝鮮出兵は「鼻を削いで首にかえよ」という残虐な侵略戦であったため長く朝鮮民衆の間にその非道が語り継がれた。
- Hideyoshi's invasion into Korea was a war of cruel aggression and a story of cruel acts as shown in his order to 'cut off the nose instead of the head' as a reminder passed down from generation to generation.
- しかし室町幕府は朝鮮王朝と同格の存在であり、許可を受けなければならない立場にはなく、自由な通交が認められていた。
- Since the Muromachi bakufu was on an equal footing with the Yi-Dynasty, it need not be allowed to have diplomatic relations with the Yi Dynasty; therefore, the Muromachi bakufu was permitted to freely have diplomatic relations with the Yi Dynasty.
- 当時、朝鮮は医学先進国であり、内科・外科・鍼・灸などを習得するために倭館に来るものが藩医、町医を問わず多かった。
- Since Korea was the pioneer in the medicine field at that time, a number of doctors, both town doctors and doctors working at a public clinic, came to wakan to study internal medicine, surgery, acupuncture, and moxibustion, and so on.
- 日本は候補の一つとして文川市郡松田里を強く推したが、その地は王陵(王家の墓地)があるために朝鮮側が難色を示した。
- Japan insisted that Songjon Village in Munchon City should be one of the possible sites, but Korea were reluctant because there was a royal tomb.
- 李氏朝鮮時代、日常生活に浸透した朱子学を思想的基盤とした両班は知識人・道徳的指導者を輩出する身分階層に発展した。
- During the Yi Dynasty Korea period, yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty), which had Neo-Confucianism permeate their daily lives as their ideological foundation, grew into a status hierarchy that produced intellectual people and ethical leaders.
- この他森山の洋服着用など欧米スタイルを貫こうとする姿勢に朝鮮側が嫌悪感を示したことで交渉ははかばかしくなかった。
- Furthermore, as the Japanese persisted in the European and American style, such as Moriyama wearing Western clothes, to which the Koreans showed aversion, the negotiation did not go smoothly.
- (胎土成分組成の分析により、2001年に国内で類例のない事が確認され、朝鮮半島内の技術で作られたものと判明した)
- (In 2001, according to the analysis of the soil components of the earthenware, there is no similar instance among the earthenware produced in Japan, therefore the excavated earthenware pieces were identified that they had been produced with the techniques and methods invented in the Korean Peninsula.)
- 日本では北海道から本州、四国、九州、南西諸島(奄美大島、沖縄島)に、日本国外では朝鮮半島及び中国南部に分布する。
- Areas in Japan where Hijiki is distributed are Honshu (the main island of Japan), the Shikoku region, the Kyushu region, and the Nansei Islands (the Amami-Oshima Island, the islands of Okinawa), and areas outside Japan are the Korean Peninsula and southern China.
- しかし、大東流合気柔術と合気道で最も鮮明な相違は、武道の目的と意味をどう位置づけるかという思想性だと考えられる。
- However, the clearest difference between Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu and Aikido is in the ideologies of how they position the purpose and meaning of martial arts.
- 1946年1月18日、京都府警察部七条警察署は、ヤミ米買出しをしていた朝鮮人を物価統制令違反として現行犯逮捕した。
- On January 18, 1946, Shichijo Police of the Kyoto Prefectural Police arrested a Korean who was buying rice in the black market for violating the Price Control Act.
- しかし、将軍代替りの際に行われた朝鮮通信使やオランダ商館長らによって世界的な情勢は大体把握していたといわれている。
- However, it is said that the shogunate government roughly kept up with foreign affairs through the Korean Emissary that were dispatched in every shogunate succession, and the curator of Dutch trading house.
- 釜山周辺に布陣していた日本軍は7月16日漆川梁の海戦で朝鮮水軍を殲滅すると陸上でも全羅道を目指して進撃を開始する。
- The Japanese army, which was based near Busan, demolished the Korean navy in the Battle of Chilcheollyang on August 28 and, as for the land war, started its advance toward Jeolla-do.
- 日本軍の王宮占領後、朝鮮では軍用電線の切断、兵站部への襲撃と日本兵の捕縛、殺害など民衆の「義兵」反日抵抗が続いた。
- Since the Japanese troops conquered the royal palace, there had been anti-Japanese resistance in Korea -- cuts of electric cables for military use, attack of logistics on bases, and capture and the murder of Japanese solders, and so forth.
- 清は朝鮮が独立国であることを認め、独立自主を損害するような朝鮮国から清国に対する貢・献上・典礼等は永遠に廃止する。
- Qing recognized the independence of Korea and, as a consequence, the payment of tribute and the performance of ceremonies and formalities by Korea to China, that are in derogation of such independence and autonomy, shall wholly cease for the future.
- ロシアは日本側への返答として、朝鮮半島の北緯39度以北を中立地帯とし、軍事目的での利用を禁ずるという提案を行った。
- In its reply to Japan, Russia proposed making the Korean peninsula north of the 39th parallel a neutral demilitarized zone.
- 朝鮮半島から暦法など中国の文物を移入するとともに豪族や民衆の系列化・組織化を漸次的に進めて内政面を強化していった。
- At the same time the Yamato Kingdom was importing Chinese culture, such as calendar making, from the Korean Peninsula, it was strengthening domestic administration by gradually organizing both the ruling elite and the common people.
- 事変後清は袁世凱らが指揮する軍隊を朝鮮に駐留させ、軍隊訓練や政府顧問をおくなど朝鮮の軍事や内政に積極的に関与した。
- After the incident, Qing began to get actively involved in the military and internal affairs of Korea by stationing its military force led by YUAN Shiva in Korea for military training and posting an adviser in the government.
- しかし朝鮮人捕虜を送還するなど対馬藩の必死の努力によって、1607年最初の朝鮮通信使が来日し、国交回復が決まった。
- However, thanks to desperate efforts by the Tsushima clan, including extradition of Korean captives, the first Chosen Tsushinshi (the Korean Emissary) arrived in Japan in 1607, leading to the recovery of Japanese-Korean diplomatic relations.
- 泗川の戦いは島津氏軍が明軍の火薬の暴発事故による混乱に乗じて一斉に突撃し、明・朝鮮連合軍に大打撃を与え潰走させた。
- In the Battle of Suncheon, the troops of the Shimazu clan made a rush by taking a chance in the confusion caused by an accidental burst of gun powder on the Ming side and inflicted large scale damage sending the Ming and Korean forces flying.
- 日本の美術は、古代以来、中国・朝鮮半島からの影響が大きいが、平安時代の国風文化をはじめ、日本独自の展開も見られる。
- Japanese art has been greatly influenced by Chinese and Korean art since ancient times, but it also developed a culture of its own, including Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) in the Heian period.
- 前者の条約交渉には、日本からは全権大使黒田清隆と副使井上馨が、朝鮮からは簡判中枢府事申櫶と副総管尹滋承が出席した。
- In the first stage of negotiations Ambassador plenipotentiary Kiyotaka KURODA and the Vice-envoy Kaoru INOUE from Japan and General of the Royal Brigade Heon SHIN and Minister of Rites Ja-seung YUN from Korea attended.
- 条約締結以前、大量の米が対馬に流出したことがあったため、朝鮮側は穀類の輸出入禁止を提案したが、日本側が押し切った。
- As there had been a large outflow of rice to Tsushima before the conclusion of the treaty, Korea proposed the prohibition of the export and import of rice and grain, but Japan overcame the opposition from Korea successfully.
- 朝鮮半島においても奴婢制度は存在し、李氏朝鮮では賤民は大きく奴婢(ノビ)と白丁(ペクチョン)に分けることができた。
- The slavery system also existed in Korean Peninsula, and in the Joseon Dynasty, Senmin was largely divided into Nobi (slave) and Baekjeong (inferior servants).
- 同じ本貫の場合、名前を付ける場合に行列字などを用いて同じ代同士は同じ漢字を使って人名朝鮮人の名前するケースも多い。
- When the hongan is the same, one is named by the use of Koretsuji (generational character) and so on, and in most cases, the same Chinese character is used to name those who are of the same generation.
- 7世紀後期、新羅は朝鮮半島の統一と唐の影響を抑制することに成功し、唐律令を参考としながらも独自の律令制を構築した。
- In the late seventh century, Silla succeeded in unifying the Korean Peninsula and restraining the interference of the Tang Dynasty, and although making reference to the Luli of Tang Dynasty, it constructed its own Luli System.
- 一方、朝鮮半島では唐と新羅が666年から高句麗攻撃に入っており、2度の攻勢によって668年についにこれを滅ぼした。
- On the other side, on the Korean Peninsula, the Silla-Tang allied forces started to attack Koguryo in 666, and they successfully destroyed it in 668 at the second attempt.
- またアメリカ合衆国のフロリダに苗木が送られたのを皮切りに北米や朝鮮にも輸出される様になり、海外への展開も始まった。
- Starting with the seedling exports to Florida, USA, it began to export unshu mikan to North America and Korea and oversea deployment started in full swing.
- 戦功の証明として行われたはなそぎによってその後しばらくの間朝鮮に鼻のない人間が多く見られたということが知られている。
- This is known from the mutilation of a person's nose done as evidence of their military exploits, there were many persons in Korea who lost their noses for certain period after that.
- ロシアの軍事介入を極度に警戒した日本は農民軍の北進を恐れ朝鮮最西南端の海南さらに珍島まで追いつめて徹底的に殲滅した。
- Extremely cautious about a military intervention by Russia, Japan drove the armed peasants to Haenam and further to Chindo island to annihilate them totally out of fear of the expansion of armed peasant in the north.
- 朝鮮側は朝鮮人参、トラ皮などの朝鮮産品も輸出したが、江戸時代前期の最大の輸出品は生糸、絹織物などの中国産品であった。
- Korea exported to Japan not only Korean products including Asian ginseng and tiger leather, but also Chinese products including raw silk thread and silk textile, which were its biggest exports in the early Edo period.
- 一旦閉鎖されたが、1512年の対馬と朝鮮の条約によって再開され、1544年の倭寇事件で再び閉鎖され、復活しなかった。
- After being closed once, Naijiho Wakan was reopened by the treaty between Tsushima and Korea in 1512, but again closed due to the Wako Incident in 1544 and was never reopened.
- 文禄元年(1592年)3月13日、予定通り、一番隊小西行長、宗義智ら1万8700人を渡海させて朝鮮半島に上陸させた。
- On April 24, 1592, he had the first division including Yukinaga KONISHI, Yoshitoshi SO and 18,700 other soldiers cross the sea and land in the Korean Peninsula as scheduled.
- また、李氏朝鮮も徹底した文治主義をとり、非常に形式主義的な性格の強い朝鮮使節の応接は勅旨以上に気を使うものであった。
- Since the Joseon Dynasty was the government by law and reason rather than by military force, the envoy observed formalism so strictly that the Japanese government had to treat them more carefully than the Imperial order.
- 朝鮮側はこの突然の条約締結の申し入れに驚き、最初は拒否したが、日本側の提示した条約に対する修正案を出すこととなった。
- Surprised by the sudden offer of conclusion of the treaty, Korea at first refused it, but they decided to propose an amendment to the treaty presented by the Japanese.
- 朝鮮における立法も、台湾と同様に日本の領土とされたため、帝国議会の協賛を要するという見解を前提にした方策が採られた。
- Since Korea was considered as Japan's territory just like Taiwan, the measures were taken based on the viewpoint that the legislation in Korea required the consent of the Imperial Diet.
- 日露戦争の戦場は全て満州(中国東北部)南部と朝鮮半島北部であり、ロシアの領内はまったく日本に攻撃されていないからだ。
- Because the battlefields set for the Russo-Japanese War were only in the southern Manchuria (the northeastern China) and the northern Korean Peninsula, so nowhere in Russia had been attacked by Japan.
- 朝鮮半島の百済や高句麗を通じて伝えられた中国大陸の南北朝時代 (中国)の文化の影響を受け、国際性豊かな文化でもある。
- It was an abundantly cosmopolitan culture, influenced by the Northern and Southern Dynasties period culture of the Chinese continent, which was introduced to Japan via the Korean kingdoms of Baekje and Goguryeo.
- 李氏朝鮮時代(1392年-1910年)に火事に遭った場合最初に持ち出すのは族譜と言われたほど重要な地位を占めていた。
- Zokufu held such an important position that during the period of Yi Dynasty Korea (1392-1910), that the first thing to save in case of fire was zokufu.
- 当時618年に成立した唐が朝鮮半島に影響力を及ぼし、倭国も唐の脅威にさらされているという危機感を蘇我氏は持っていた。
- The Soga clan had a sense of danger that Japan was also exposed to the menace of Tang Dynasty which was founded in 618 as it was growing its clout in the Korean peninsula.
- そのため、後に朝鮮の民衆の中には日本を一番の侵略者としながらも、明軍に対しても第二の侵略者として評する人間も出てきた。
- Therefore, later, there were certain persons among Korean common people who, while naming Japan as the top invader, criticized the Ming army as the second invader.
- その一方、多くの朝鮮人捕虜が戦役で失われた国内の労働力を補うために使役され、また奴隷として海外に売られたこともあった。
- On the other hand, many Korean captives were roped into working as replacements of lost domestic labor for the war and some were sold overseas as slaves.
- とくに正徳時に老中土屋政直の命令によって大量に作成されたが、対馬藩に残る『正徳度朝鮮通信使行列図巻』はその典型である。
- In particular, many such pictures in the Shotoku era were drawn by an order from Masanao TSUCHIYA, including 'A Scroll of Pictures of a Procession of Chosen Tsushinshi in the Shotoku Era' remaining in the Tsushima Domain that is a typical example.
- ために戦乱後成立した日本の徳川幕府は先進文物を受け入れるために、対馬島主をとおして交渉を許可するように朝鮮に懇請した。
- Therefore, the Tokugawa shogunate, which was established after the war, needed to import advanced things and requested Korea to conduct negotiations with Japan through the head of the Tsushima island.
- 宮本小一はそれを忠実に提案し、朝鮮側は国際法の常識に欠けていたため反論せず、そのまま無関税体制が敷かれることになった。
- Okazu MIYAMOTO proposed it faithfully, and Korea did not oppose it because of their ignorance of the international law, so the customs-fee system was established.
- ただし、これらの法令は朝鮮・台湾・関東州・南洋群島・樺太について規定しており、これらが外地に相当するものと推定される。
- However, these laws stipulated matters in Korea, Taiwan, the Kwantung Leased Territory, the South Sea Islands and Sakhalin and so it was presumed that these regions fell under Gaichi.
- 朝鮮半島のものは、普通名詞的に陶質土器と呼ばれるか、伽耶土器・新羅土器・百済土器などもう少し細分した名で呼ばれている。
- The earthenware created in Korean Peninsula goes by just 'earthenware' as a common name or by slightly more subdivided names such as Kaya ware, Silla ware and Baekje ware.
- また植民地一般の傾向にもれず、在朝日本人と原住民たる朝鮮人の間の所得格差も非常に大きいものがあったと主張する者もいる。
- Others insist that, just like any other colonies, the income difference between the Japanese in Korea and the Koreans as the natives was huge.
- 日本政府は台湾に比して朝鮮を重視して、台湾総督と異なり、韓国統監・朝鮮総督には相当地位の高い政治家・軍人が任用された。
- The Japanese government focused on Korea, compared to Taiwan, and quite high ranking politicians and military men were appointed to Kankoku Tokan and Chosen Sotoku, different from Taiwan Sotoku.
- また鶏肉以外に牛肉や豚肉を単独で、あるいは豆腐や海鮮類(牡蠣や鱈)などを一緒に煮炊きする場合も水炊きと呼ぶことがある。
- Other than chicken, a dish made with beef or pork alone or together with tofu (bean curd) and seafood (oysters or codfish) is also called mizutaki sometimes.
- 牛乳などと同様に生もので劣化しやすいので、鮮度には注意が必要であり、冷蔵保存する必要がある(参照:「生酒」の問題点)。
- As raw sake is perishable the same as cow milk and vulnerable to degradation, appropriate care must be used for freshness and it must be refrigerated. (Refer to 'Problems of 'Raw sake.')
- 全国統一を達成した秀吉は、文禄元年(1592年)、明の征服を目指して、全国諸大名に李氏朝鮮への出兵を命じた(文禄の役)。
- In 1592 (the first year in the Bunroku era), Hideyoshi, who had unified the nation, ordered 'daimyo' (feudal lords) all over the country to dispatch troops to the Joseon Dynasty (Korea) in order to conquer Ming (the Bunroku War).
- 宗義智軍や立花宗茂軍が援軍を申し入れるが義弘はこの申し出を断り、島津家の軍勢だけで明・朝鮮の大軍を迎え撃つこととなった。
- Yoshitoshi SO and Muneshige TACHIBANA armies tried to send the supporting army, but Yoshihiro rejected this offer and clashed with huge Ming and Korean army with only the Shimazu clan force.
- この海戦で日本側が勝利したことによって、清国艦隊は威海衛に閉じこもることとんり、日本海軍は黄海・朝鮮の制海権を確保した。
- The victory of Japan in this naval battle forced Qing squadrons to be confined in Weihaiwei, bringing naval supremacy to Japan.
- 日本人側は朝鮮との居留人数に関する約定を破ったため朝鮮側が送還するなどしたが、いつのまにかまた増えるという状態であった。
- Although the Korean Government extradited the Japanese who infringed the agreement between Japan and Korea restricting the number of residents, the population would go up again after a while.
- 後期から晩期にかけては、施した縄文の一部を磨り消して平滑にし、「地」と「文様」の区別を鮮明にした「磨消縄文」が現われる。
- From the late to the final stage of the period, the technique of 'surikeshi-jomon' (cord mark erasing) appeared, with which part of the engraved 'jomon' (cord mark) was erased for setting off the remaining jomon.
- 仁川は朝鮮の首都漢城の外港にあたる地であるため交渉は非常に難航したが、朝鮮側が妥協して1881年2月受諾を通告してきた。
- The negotiation ran into trouble extremely as Incheon was the outer harbor of Hanseong, the capital of Korea, but Korea compromised and notified Japan of their acceptance in February 1881.
- 一方で明治時代に入ると、朝鮮、中国に対して日朝修好条規や下関条約、「日清通商航海条約」など不平等条約を押し付けていった。
- Meanwhile, during the Meiji period, Japan imposed unequal treaties on Korea and China, including the Treaty of Ganghwa, the Treaty of Shimonoseki, and the 'Sino-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation.'
- 一方、日本政府と国内世論は士族反乱や立憲制確立を巡る議論に注目が移り、かつての征韓派も朝鮮問題への関心を失いつつあった。
- Meanwhile, the attention of the Japanese government and domestic public opinion shifted to the issues that related to the Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) and establishment of constitutional system, and gradually former Seikan-ha were losing their interest on Korean issues.
- 南樺太についても、台湾や朝鮮と同様に日本の領土であったため、帝国議会の協賛を要するという見解を前提にした方策が採られた。
- Since Southern Sakhalin, just as Taiwan and Korea, was Japan's territory, the Japanese government took measures based on the viewpoint that the legislation in the region required the consent of the Imperial Diet.
- 平凡社の『朝鮮を知る事典』では、一進会を「親日御用団体」と呼び、表立った運動以外にスパイ活動などにも協力したとしている。
- In '朝鮮を知る事典'(Encyclopedia to know Korea) published by Heibon-sya, Isshinkai is called 'pro-Japanese order-taker organization' with the mention that they cooperated as spy other than their outer activities.
- 律令は魏晋南北朝時代に発達し、7世紀~8世紀の隋唐期には最盛期を迎え、当時の日本や朝鮮諸国(特に新羅)へも影響を与えた。
- Luli was developed during the Wei-Jin/Southern and Northern Dynasty period, reaching its zenith in Sui Dynasty from the seventh to eighth century, and had an influence on Japan and the kingdoms of Korea (especially Silla) at the time.
- 「日本による遼東半島所有は、清国の首都北京市を脅かすだけでなく、李氏朝鮮の独立を有名無実にし、極東の平和の妨げとなる。」
- Aquisition of the Liaodong Peninsula by Japan not only threatens Beijing City, a capital of Qing, but also undermines the independence of the Joseon Dynasty and hinders the efforts of establishing peace in the Far East.'
- 協約締結後の1907年に、協約の無効を主張する高宗 (朝鮮王)の親書をたずさえた密使の派遣が露見する(ハーグ密使事件)。
- In 1907, after the conclusion of the treaty, the dispatch of the secret agent who carried a personal letter of Gao Zong (King of Korea) that insisted on invalidity of the treaty was exposed (the Hague Secret Emissary Affair).
- 例えば安土桃山時代、朝鮮に出兵した武将・加藤清正の平紋柄の桔梗を小袖につけている肖像画が、京都府の勤持院に残されている。
- For example, there is a portrait of Kiyomasa KATO, a samurai who fought in Korea during the Azuchi-Momoyama period, who put s Chinese bell flower, of Hyo-mon design, on short-sleeved kimono, in Kinji-in Temple (勤持院) in Kyoto Prefecture.
- また朝鮮半島からの遣日本使を迎え入れ、逆に遣新羅使、遣渤海 (国)使を派遣するなど外交的・貿易的なつながりを持っていた。
- Japan had a diplomatic and commercial relationship by accepting envoys to Japan from the Korean Peninsula, and sending Kenshiragi-shi (Japanese envoy to Shilla) and Ken-Bokkaishi (Japanese envoy to Balhae).
- 忠棟は朝鮮に出陣しておらず、忠恒らは補給不足の原因が忠棟にあると考えていたことなどもあり島津氏家臣からも深く恨まれていた。
- Tadamune didn't go to Korea, so he was blamed for the insufficient supplies for Tadatsune and was borne a grudge against by the other vassals of the Shimazu clan.
- 9月末から10月初めにかけて明・朝鮮軍は総力を挙げた攻勢をかけ、日本軍の順天城、泗川城、蔚山城を攻撃したがすべて撃退した。
- Despite the Ming-Korean forces waging all-out war and attacking Junten-jo, Shisen-jo and Urusan-jo Castles, which had been established by the Japanese forces, from the beginning of October to the end of October in 1598, the Japanese forces fought them off.
- さらに、日本兵の首に賞金を掛けたため都市部で朝鮮軍・明軍による朝鮮領民の首無し死体が続出するなど荒廃した状況が伝えられる。
- Furthermore, as a prize was offered for the heads of Japanese soldiers, it is reported there were situations in which a large number of bodies without heads of Korean people taken by the Korean and Ming troops in urban districts.
- 特に身分差別に苦しんだ朝鮮民衆は緒戦の混乱に乗じて官庁や被差別身分を示す書類を焼き払った例が朝鮮側資料により知られている。
- It is known from materials in Korea that Korean common people who suffered from class discrimination set fire to governmental offices and documents on discriminated classes.
- 民衆は無秩序に食料を求めて朝鮮・明軍・日本軍を襲い、食料調達が不足した日本軍・明軍・朝鮮軍は朝鮮民衆から現地徴発を行った。
- Common people attacked the troops of Korea, Ming and Japan disorderly looking for food and the latter, which suffered short supply of food, conducted local procurement from common people of Korea.
- 大韓帝国は冊封体制から離脱したものの、満州を勢力下においたロシアが朝鮮半島に持つ利権を手がかりに南下政策を取りつつあった。
- Although the Korean Empire broke away from the tributary system, Russia which held Manchuria under its sphere of influence, took advantage of its interests in Korea to proceed with its southward expansion.
- 倭館(わかん、왜관)は、中世から近世にかけて、李氏朝鮮(朝鮮王朝)時代に朝鮮半島南部に設定された日本人居留地のことである。
- Wakan (왜관) was a foreign settlement for Japanese people established at the Southern area of Korean Peninsula from the medieval to modern period of Japan, or in the Yi Dynasty Korea period (Korean Dynasties period).
- この露梁海戦で島津水軍は苦戦したが、明・朝鮮も明水軍の副将、や朝鮮水軍の三道水軍統制使の李舜臣を含む複数の幹部が戦死した。
- Shimazu clan's navy had a hard time in the Naval Battle of Noryang, but on the side of Ming and Korea, multiple top officials including the adjutant general of the navy of Ming and Yi Sun-sin, who was the Naval Commander of Three Provinces of the navy of Korea died in this war.
- また両国の外交文書は日本語と朝鮮真文(漢文)で書くこととし、日本側の文書には、先10年間は日本語に漢文を併記する事とした。
- Also they decided that the diplomatic documents of both countries should be written in Japanese and the legitimate language of Korea (namely Chinese), and the documents of Japan should be written in both Japanese and Chinese for the next 10 years.
- 朝鮮半島における儒教では葬儀の時に死者を慕って大げさに泣く事が求められ、葬儀に出席して泣く事でお金を貰う泣き女が存在する。
- In Confucianism in the Korean Peninsula, it is required to cry loudly in an exaggerated way remembering the deceased and there are Naki onna (woman who cries at the funeral ceremony) who attend funerals and cry to get money.
- 魚の鮮度保持のために氷が使われるようになった1908年(明治41年)には、生利節の鉄道輸送にも氷が使用されるようになった。
- Since 1908 when ice began to be used ice for keeping fish fresh, ice was also used during railway transportation of namaribushi.
- これは京都が地理的な条件により、昔から生鮮海産物を食べる習慣があまりなく、海産物の生臭さに非常に敏感なためと言われている。
- This is due to the fact that the people of Kyoto are especially sensitive to the fishy smell of seafood, and are not accustomed to eating seafood mainly because of their geographical conditions.
- この違いは顕著で、また近隣の中国や朝鮮の音楽と比べても、和楽器には噪音(倍音以外の音)を多く含む音を出す楽器の比率が高い。
- This difference is conspicuous, and in the case of Wagakki the percentage of instruments that generate sounds, including a large number of noises (or sounds other than harmonic tones), is high, even by comparison to the music of neighboring countries such as China and Korea.
- この後日本は紆余曲折を経て度重なる条約締結により朝鮮王朝(大韓帝国)の保護国化と1910年朝鮮併合へ至る道を進むこととなる。
- Subsequently Japan made its way to creating the Korean Dynasty (The Korean Empire) a protected state and Annexation of Korea in 1910 through conclusions of treaties many times after complicated negotiations.
- 一方、それは名目であり、実際は朝鮮を自国の影響下におくことや中国の領土割譲など自国権益の拡大を目的とした戦争とする説もある。
- Some suggest, however, that Japan used this cause as a pretext for the war trying to achieve the purpose of putting Korea under control and expanding its own interests by making China give up its territory.
- ヤマト王権(倭国)は百済と連携して朝鮮半島南部への出兵を頻繁に展開し、このことは高句麗が遺した広開土王碑にも記述されている。
- The Gwanggaeto Stele, erected by the Korean Kingdom of Goguryeo, states that the Yamato Kingdom (Wakoku) began dispatching troops to the southern Korean Peninsula in collaboration with the Kingdom of Baekje.
- そのため、加藤清正が捕虜にした李氏朝鮮の2人の王子(臨海君・順和君)の返還と引き替えに釜山周辺の南部へ4月頃までに移陣した。
- Therefore, they moved their camps to the southern areas around Busan by May in exchange of two princes (Prince Imhaegun and Prince Sunhwagun) of Yi Dynasty Korea who had been captured by Kiyomasa KATO.
- 迎え撃つ日本軍は沿岸部に築いた城の堅固な守りに助けられ、蔚山城の戦い第二次蔚山城の戦いでは明・朝鮮連合軍を撃退し防衛に成功。
- The intercepting Japanese army was helped by the strong defense with castles constructed in the coastal area and, in the second Battle of Ulsan, succeeded by beating back the Ming and Korean forces.
- 文禄元年(1592年)4月12日、朝鮮に進撃した五島勢は4月14日一番隊の先鋒となって奮戦し、釜山広域市鎮城を即日攻略した。
- The Goto troops, which advanced on Korea on May 23, 1592, fought hard as the vanguard of the first division on May 25, and occupied Busan Metropolitan City castle on the same day.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)や戦国時代 (日本)には九州・瀬戸内海方面の武士や海賊が中国、朝鮮沿岸を荒らしまわり、倭寇と恐れられた。
- During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts and the period of Warring States in Japan, samurai warriors and pirates from the Kyushu and Inland Sea regions attacked ships along the coasts of China and Korea and were feared as Japanese pirates (called 'wako' in Japanese).
- そうした中、日本は朝鮮語教育に力を入れ、朝鮮民衆にハングルが広まったのは、日本の政策の結果であったとする意見も存在している。
- There exists an opinion that Japan promoted education of Korean language, and the prevalence of Hangeul among Korean people was a result of the Japanese policy.
- 665年(天暦年)9月、朝鮮半島の百済を経て日本に帰国したが、同年12月大原(現在の奈良県高市郡明日香村小原)で亡くなった。
- He returned to Japan in September 665, traveling through Baekje in the Korean Peninsula but died in December of the same year (at Ohara, Asuka Village, Takaichi County, Nara Prefecture).
- ※かつて朝鮮説があり、韓国語の「ワッソ」(来た)からきたものだという説もあったが、国語学者の研究により完全に否定されている。
- * Once there was a Korean theory arguing that it derived from a Korean word 'wasso (came),' but this was absolutely denied by a study performed by a Japanese Language scholar.
- ここで業務用の食材を仕入れる割烹、料亭、旅館なども多く、一般向けには京都名物のハモなど鮮魚を扱う店が20店舗以上と一番多い。
- Many kappo (Japanese-style restaurant), ryotei (Japanese-style restaurant), and ryokan (Japanese-style hotel) obtain their ingredients from this market, and for the ordinary customers, there are more than twenty stores which deal with fresh fish such as sea eel, which is a specialty of Kyoto.
- 朝鮮半島にも伝えられ、郷琵琶(五絃琵琶)と唐琵琶(四絃)で分けられて宮廷楽士の基本楽器になって李氏朝鮮の末期まで用いられた。
- It was introduced to the Korean Peninsula and divided into the Kyo biwa (five-stringed biwa) and the To biwa (four-stringed biwa) and became basic instruments of court musicians and had been used until the end of the Joseon Dynasty.
- 武士が好んだ細かな幾何学模様で簡素で粋な印象の江戸小紋とは違い、友禅模様を基本にした色鮮やかで伸びやかな印象が持ち味である。
- Unlike Edo-komon with a simple and stylish impression using fine geometrical patterns preferred by samurai, the feature of Kyo-komon is a colorful and free impression based on the yuzen patterns.
- 朝鮮半島南岸で築城を急ぐ日本軍に対し明・朝鮮軍は反攻を企画し、建設中の城塞群の内最東端に位置する蔚山城に目標を定めて攻撃した。
- The Ming-Korean army planned a counterattack against the Japanese army, which was hurried in building castles on the southern coast of the peninsula, and attacked the easternmost castle being constructed, which was Urusan-jo.
- その後、1876年に起きた江華島事件を契機として日朝修好条規(江華島条約)を締結し、朝鮮を自主国として認め、開国させるに至る。
- After that, the Ganghwa Island incident of 1876 led to the conclusion of the Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity (Treaty of Ganghwa), and in this treaty, Japan recognized the Joseon Dynasty as an independent country and made the Joseon Dynasty open its country to the world.
- それはこれらの三国が古墳時代以来朝鮮半島の国々を経て日本に伝播してきた漢字、儒教、仏教、律令制などの文化を共有したことによる。
- This is partly because the three countries have shared cultures, including kanji (Chinese characters), Confucianism, Buddhism, the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), which had been introduced into Japan through countries on the Korean Peninsula since the Kofun period (tumulus period).
- これらの港は当初日本船の入港指定地に過ぎなかったが、やがて多数の日本人が住み着くようになり、朝鮮政府はこれを制止できなかった。
- At first, those ports were nothing more than designated ports to accept Japanese ships, but gradually, many Japanese began living in these areas, and the Korean Government could not stop it.
- 慶長2年(1597年)2月、和平交渉で無視された朝鮮南部割譲を実力で果たすという名目で、秀吉は14万人の軍を再び朝鮮に送った。
- In March 1597, Hideyoshi sent 140,000 troops to Korea with a pretext to achieve by force the cession of southern Korea which was ignored in the peace talks.
- むしろ朝鮮通信使のように、慶弔といった事柄に対し随時使節を送れば良いと主張し、そして首都に常駐することに非常な懸念を表明した。
- Korea insisted that ministers should be dispatched at any time such as occasions of congratulation or condolence as the messenger of Korea did, so they were very concerned about the permanent residence of a minister in the capital.
- 駐日イギリス公使パークスも、日本の朝鮮への要求が日本に対する欧米側の要求よりも上まわっていることについて、非常に注目していた。
- Parkes, the English minister to Japan, paid great attention to the point that the Japanese demand to Korea was heavier than that from Europe and the United States to Japan.
- この点は朝鮮側の国際情勢に関する疎さに由来するものであって、日本側が本来意図していた条約項目はそのまま締結される運びとなった。
- As Korea was ignorant about international affairs, the provisions prepared by Japan were concluded without any amendments.
- 一方で、それらは単なる商行為であり、儲けていた朝鮮人も当然におり、また、所得も向上しており問題はなかったとする研究も存在する。
- On the other hand, there exists a study concluding they were only business practices, which means some Koreans also made a profit, and the income increased and no problem existed.
- 1925年(大正14年)、朝鮮半島における鉱山事業の失敗から、東本願寺の財政を混乱させ引責隠退し、長男の大谷光暢に法主を譲る。
- 1925: Failure of mining operations on the Korean Peninsula resulted in the disruption of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple's finances for which he took responsibility and retired, passing his position of Hossu onto his eldest son Kocho OTANI.
- 日本列島で大規模な古墳が築造された3世紀半ば過ぎから7世紀後半にかけての時期には、朝鮮半島でも墳丘をもつ古墳が盛んに造営された。
- Between the middle of the third century and the late seventh century, a lot of major kofun were constructed in Japan, and at this time in Korea, a lot of kofun which have tumuli were constructed.
- この蔚山城の戦いは12月22日から始まったが、加藤清正等は城を堅く守り、毛利秀元らが救援して翌年1月4日、明・朝鮮軍を大破する。
- The Battle of Urusan-jo Castle started on January 29, 1598, but the castle was defended by Kiyomasa KATO and, with the support of Hidemoto MORI and others, the Ming-Korean army was shattered on February 9.
- 心理面においては明・朝鮮軍が連合軍であるために指揮統制が難しく、一度不測の事態によって混乱すると収拾が難しかったと思われること。
- Looking from the morale perspective, it was difficult to give out commands since the Ming and Korean army was the allied force and was difficult to rally once the confusion occurred due to any unpredicted events.
- ヤマト王権が東北から南九州まで全国的に展開したことは、この朝鮮半島諸国との活発な関係・通交が密接に関係していると考えられている。
- It is thought that the Yamato Kingdom's development nationwide, from Tohoku to southern Kyushu, was strongly connected to its interaction with the Korean kingdoms.
- そのため国内の混乱にも乗じて私貿易船が横行し、いわゆる「前期倭寇」と呼ばれる、江南沿岸や朝鮮半島への海賊行為も行うようになった。
- This led to the prevalence of private trading ships taking advantage of the domestic confusion, resulting in the emergence of piracy, or so called 'early wako' along Konan coasts and Korean Peninsula.
- 李氏朝鮮の都・漢城(現在のソウル)にも通交を求めてくる日本の大名や商人を接待するための施設「東平館」が存在し、倭館と通称された。
- In the Hanseong (present-day Seoul), the capital of Yi Dynasty Korea, there was also a facility named 'Dongpyoung-gwan,' or commonly called wakan, that was used to entertain Japanese Daimyo and merchants asking for commercial intercourse.
- 銅鐸は後世の釣鐘を扁平に圧しつぶしたような器形で、その祖形は朝鮮半島にあったと推定されるが、日本で独自に発達をとげた銅器である。
- The bronze bell is in the shape of a flattened-out-temple-bell (temple bell itself appeared later in Japan), and the bronze bell is supposed to have had its prototype in the Korean Peninsula, but it developed uniquely in Japan.
- 当時の明治政府では、朝鮮出兵を巡る征韓論などで対立があり、樺山資紀や鹿児島県参事の大山綱良ら薩摩藩藩閥は台湾出兵を建言していた。
- At that time, the Meiji Government was divided over ideas such as Seikanron, a proposal to subjugate Korea, in which Satsuma domain clique including Sukenori KABAYAMA and Kagoshima Prefectural councilor Tsunayoshi OYAMA were suggesting that Japan dispatch troops to Taiwan.
- 京都の目抜き通り四条通の一本北の錦小路通に位置し、赤緑黄の色鮮やかなアーケードにおおわれた石畳の道の距離は、東西390メートル。
- Nishikikoji-dori Street, where Nishiki Market is located, runs parallel to the main street of Kyoto (Shijo-dori Street) one block north of Shijo-dori Street, and the path is paved with stones and is covered with a vivid arcade of red, green, and yellow, and is 390 meters long from east to west.
- もちろん律令にそう規定し、それを自負したり目指したことと、とりわけ唐や朝鮮諸国との関係に実態がともなったかどうかは別の問題である。
- Whilst these classifications were set forth in ritsuryo codes, boasted about and strived for, it's another question altogether whether they were actually realized in the relationship with Tang and the Korean kingdoms.
- そのため、軍艦数隻を朝鮮沿岸に派遣し海路を測量させて示威を行い交渉を有利に進めることとし、1875年軍艦雲揚、第二丁卯を派遣した。
- As a result the government dispatched the warships Unyo and Daini Teibo in 1875 and had them sound the sea to the coast of Korea aiming to gain an advantage by demonstrating its strength.
- この時期、偽の王城大臣使が朝鮮に通交しており、義政の申し入れは偽使抑制を願う朝鮮王朝の思惑と一致し、牙符制が導入されることになる。
- Since the pseudo Ojo-daijin envoy had interaction with Korea during this period, the Yoshimasa's proposal matched the intention of the Yi Dynasty that wanted to subdue the pseudo envoys, Gafusei was to be introduced.
- しかし金弘集 (1842年)に率いられた二度目の修信使は、駐日清朝公使何如璋及び黄遵憲と面会し、黄の『朝鮮策略』を持ち帰っている。
- However, the second group of the training delegates led by Hong-jip KIM (born in 1842) met with the Qing dynasty minister to Japan Ruzhang HE and Zunxian HUANG, and brought back 'A stratagem for Korea' written by Huang.
- 第二次日英同盟では、イギリスのインドにおける特権と日本の朝鮮に対する支配権を認めあうとともに、清国に対する両国の機会均等を定めた。
- In the second Anglo-Japanese Alliance, they agreed to each other's interests: Britain's privileges in India and Japan's sovereignty over Korea, and also stipulated equal opportunities in Qing.
- 日韓併合後、韓国統監府は、親日派/非親日派の政治団体の対立による治安の混乱を収拾するため、朝鮮の全ての政治結社を禁止し解散させた。
- After Japan's annexation of Korea, the Kankoku Sokan-fu forbade and dismissed all political associations of Korea in order to suppress the confusion and regain the public safety caused by the confliction between pro-Japanese and anti-Japanese political associations.
- これは草梁倭館は、朝鮮政府が対馬藩の為に建て使用を認めた施設だったこと、対馬藩は日本と朝鮮の間の交渉窓口の立場にあったからである。
- This is because Choryang-dong Wakan was built by the Korean government as the facility for the Tsushima clan, the Tsushima clan was in a position of the window to negotiate between Japan and Korea, therefore Japan did the above acts.
- さらに、人名説の中でも「羊」氏を朝鮮と関係する渡来人であるする見解が多く、多胡も多くの胡人を意味するものではないかとの見解もある。
- In addition, a lot of personal-name theory supporters take the kanji '羊' as people from Korea, and there are opinions that Tago may mean many 'Ko' (here, read as 'Go;' savage from Northern China in ancient times).
- 奈良時代から平安時代にかけて、中国や朝鮮半島などから渡来した技法や様式、あるいはそれに倣い日本で描かれた図画が「唐絵」と呼ばれた。
- From the Nara period through to the Heian period, drawings using the technique and style derived from China or the Korean peninsula, or those imitating them and painted in Japan were called 'Kara-e' (Chinese Paintings).
- 第一条で「朝鮮は自主の邦にして、日本国と平等の権利を保有せり」とうたいながらも第十条で片務的領事裁判権を規定する不平等条約であった。
- Although the treaty stated that 'Korea is independent and has rights equal to Japan' in Article 1, but in effect was unequal according to Article 10 providing a one-sided consular jurisdiction in Article 10.
- 目的は秀吉の朝鮮出兵(文禄・慶長の役)のための兵力把握や人夫の動員可能数の把握と言われているが、結果として兵農分離の一因ともなった。
- The goal was said to have determine the mobilization capacity of military force and workers to deal with Korean invasions (Bunroku and Keicho battles) by Hideyoshi and it also contributed to the separation of warriors and farmers.
- しかし、日本軍により全羅道西岸が制圧されると朝鮮水軍は制海権を失い、李舜臣も全羅道北端まで後退し、日本水軍は全羅道西岸まで進出した。
- However, the Korean navy lost naval supremacy after the west coast of Jeolla Province was conquered and Yi Sun-sin also retreated to the northern border of Jeolla Province and the Japanese navy advanced to the west coast of Jeolla Province.
- しかし豊臣秀吉はあくまで明を征服することを目指しており、朝鮮そのものの侵略が目的ではなく、あくまで明への出兵の途上での戦役であった。
- However, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI absolutely aimed to conquer Ming and invasion into Korea itself was not the purpose and, therefore, it was a war on the way to sending military forces to Ming.
- 公文の一部 日本から朝鮮に輸出するものについては日本の税関では輸出税をかけず、一方朝鮮から日本への輸出するものにも輸入税をかけない。
- A part of the official document - The products exported from Japan to Korea will not be imposed export duties in customs in Japan, while the products exported from Korea to Japan will not be imposed import duties.
- その後、日本と清国の間で領土問題(台湾出兵参照)が発生し、日本の強硬な態度に驚いた清国は朝鮮に国書の受け入れ交渉をするよう指示した。
- Afterward, the territorial problem occurred between Japan and Qing (see also The Taiwan Expedition), then Qing feared Japan's strong attitude and they directed the Joseon Dynasty to receive the letter.
- 但し台湾総督は内閣総理大臣、内務大臣 (日本)、拓務大臣の指揮監督を受けることになっており、天皇直属の朝鮮総督府より地位が低かった。
- But the Taiwan governor was commanded and managed by the prime minister, the prewar Home Minister (Japan) and the minister of Colonial Ministry, therefore Taiwan governor's position was lower than Chosen Sotoku-fu under the direct control of the emperor.
- この「朝鮮風観音」という名称については、確証はないが、当時奈良地方の文化財を調査していた岡倉天心の発案によるものかと推定されている。
- Although it is not certain, it is assumed that the name of this 'Korean-style Kannon' was invented by Tenshin OKAKURA, who was researching cultural properties in the Nara area at the time.
- 歴史的経緯や国際化の進展によって、標識や看板などで英語や朝鮮語(韓国語)、中国語、ロシア語などの併記も行われるようになってきている。
- Due to this historical background and advanced globalization, signs and signboards came to also contain descriptions in English, Korean, Chinese and/or Russian along with Japanese ones.
- 当初は朝鮮は戦後には支配下に繰り入れられるべき領土であり、日本の国内戦同様に非戦闘員である民衆は保護の対象であり殺戮は禁止されていた。
- At the beginning, it was understood that Korea was a territory that should be included in the territories under control of Japan and, same as a war in Japan, common people who were noncombatants should be the object of protection and it was prohibited to kill them.
- 南蛮貿易により日本にもたらされた唐辛子は、文禄・慶長の役の日本軍によって朝鮮半島にももたらされ、キムチ等の韓国・朝鮮料理の礎を築いた。
- Red pepper, brought to Japan through trade with Spain and Portugal, was introduced to the Korean Peninsula by the troops of Japan in the Bunroku-Keicho War and established the basis of Korean cuisine such as kimchi.
- 大名行列とは異なり、朝鮮通信使は正使や副使などの外交官の他に随行員には美しく着飾った小童や楽隊、文化人、医師、通訳などが加わっていた。
- Unlike daimyo processions, Chosen Tsushinshi included, in addition to diplomatic officers, such as the head or deputy head of the envoy, children and a marching band wearing beautiful dresses, men of culture, doctors and interpreters.
- 海戦用の水軍や朝鮮沿岸を西進する作戦を持たなかった日本軍は、陸戦部隊や後方で輸送任務にあたっていた部隊から急遽水軍を編成して対抗した。
- The Japanese army that did not have a navy for fighting on the sea nor a plan to proceed to the west along the coast of Korea, they hastily organized a navy with troops for land combat and troops that had been engulfed in transportation in the rear to cope with the Korean navy.
- なお、開城の攻略まで行動を共にしていた二番隊は鏡道へ進路を転じ、日本軍は北西部の平安道の平壌より北方と全羅道を除く朝鮮全土を制圧した。
- The Second Division, acting with them until the attack on Kaesong, switched their course to Hamgyong Province and the Japanese army occupied all of Korea excluding part of Pyeongan Province in the northwestern area to the north of Pyongyang and Jeolla Province.
- そして、それは千島樺太交換条約の締結によって、政府内に残留した征韓派は今度こそ朝鮮遣使を実現するようにという意見を上げ始めたのである。
- And due to the conclusion of the Chishima-Karafuto Kokan Joyaku (the Treaty of Saint Petersburg), Seikan-ha who remained in the government started raising their voice to make an envoy's dispatch to Korea come true this time.
- 確かに吉宗は武家諸法度は元通り漢文体の天和令に復し、また朝鮮通信使の接待法、すなわち徳川将軍の表記を元通り「日本国大君」に戻している。
- Certainly, Yoshimune brought back Buke shohatto to Chinese classic form based on Tenwa order (天和令) as well as the way to serve Chosen Tsushinshi, in brief, he brought back the title of Tokugawa Shogun to 'Tycoon of Japan.'
- そのために朝鮮との交渉に際し、事前に日本側はペリーの『日本遠征記』を研究し、交渉姿勢から後に締結する条約に至るまで模倣したと言われる。
- In order to do this, before starting negotiations with Korea the Japanese side studied 'Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan' written by Perry, so that they could imitate the attitude toward negotiations and later achieve conclusion of the treaty.
- この時、日本が朝鮮に出兵する可能性を清朝より知らされた朝鮮側では、李裕元や朴珪寿を中心に日本からの国書を受理すべしという声が高まった。
- At that time Korea was informed by the Qing dynasty of the possibility that Japan would dispatch troops, so Yuan YU, Gyu-su PARK and others insisted that Korea should receive the sovereign's message of Japan.
- しかし、7世紀後半、倭軍が朝鮮半島の白村江で唐・新羅の連合軍に敗れて、その来寇に備える軍事拠点と位置づけられて築城されたものであろう。
- However, because in the latter half of the seventh century the Japanese army was defeated by the Allied Forces of Tang Dynasty and Silla Kingdom in Hakusukinoe (Baekgang jeontu) in the Korean peninsula, the castle may have been built as a militant stronghold against their attacks.
- この金銅製の鞍は、鞍の形が鮮卑式であり、パルメット(仏教式唐草模様)、鳳凰、龍、鬼面、怪魚、象、獅子、兎などのモチーフが使われている。
- This gilt bronze saddle is in Senbi style with patterns of palmette (Buddhist-style arabesque design), phoenixes, dragons, devil masks, strange fish, elephants, lions, and rabbits.
- 倭寇や女真族との紛争以外本格的な戦争経験がない朝鮮正規軍を、戦国時代 (日本)を経て大量の鉄砲を装備した日本軍が圧倒し連戦連勝を重ねた。
- The Korean regular force, which had never experienced a full-scale war except troubles with 'wako' (Japanese pirates) or the Joshin tribe, was overwhelmed and completely defeated by the Japanese military force, which was equipped with a large amount of guns after the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
- 日本は1876年に江華島事件を起こし、砲艦外交によって朝鮮に開国を迫り、翌年日朝修好条規を締結して日本外交使節のソウル駐在を認めさせた。
- Causing the Ganghwa Island Incident in 1876, Japan demanded Korea to open the country by gunboat diplomacy, and compelled it to allow Japanese diplomatic envoys to stay in Seoul by concluding the Treaty of Ganghwa in the next year.
- しかし、1月3日毛利秀元等が率いる援軍が到着し、翌4日水陸から明・朝鮮連合軍を攻撃敗走させ2万人の損害を与えて勝利した(蔚山城の戦い)。
- On February 8, however, rescue forces headed by Hidemoto MORI and so on arrived and, on the next day, February 9, attacked and routed the allied Ming and Korean forces and caused 20,000 casualties and won the battle (the Battle of Ulsan).
- 第二回修信使の見聞、日本政府との交渉、そして『朝鮮策略』の持参によって、朝鮮の対外政策は欧米に対する開国政策へと舵をきり始めるのである。
- Through the experiences of the second training delegates, negotiations with the Japanese government, and bringing back 'A stratagem for Korea,' the diplomatic policy of Korea changed to the policy of opening of the country to Europe and the United States.
- 朝鮮の姓は約250と少なく、金、李、朴、崔、鄭(5大姓)などの姓が多数を占めるため、本貫と姓をつなげる事でお互いを区別してきた面もある。
- Since there are only about 250 family names in Korea and family names such as Kim, Ri, Bag, Choe, and Jeong (the five major names) hold a majority, people have identified each other by connecting hongan and the family names.
- 朝鮮には憲法も選挙法も適用されていなかったが、朝鮮人も日本国籍を付与されていたため、内地における衆議院選挙に参加することは可能であった。
- Though neither the constitution or the election law was applied in Korea, the Koreans were given Japanese nationality and it was possible for them to join the Lower House election in the mainland.
- 一般にはこれらの大規模な遺跡は「石窟」「石窟寺院」などと呼び、朝鮮半島や日本などに分布する、比較的小規模な造像を「磨崖仏」と称している。
- Generally these large sites are called 'a stone cave' or 'a stone cave temple,' while comparatively smaller statues in Korean peninsula and Japan are called 'Magaibutsu.'
- 中国や朝鮮などに残っている最古の天文図は11世紀や12世紀のものであるから、現存する天文図のなかでは世界最古ではないかと注目されている。
- The astronomical chart has received attention due to a possibility that it is the world's oldest chart among existing astronomical charts, since the oldest astronomical charts existing in China and Korea are those of the 11th and the 12 century.
- 日本軍は約2ヶ月で全羅道、忠清道を席巻し、京畿道への進出を果たすと、冬を前に朝鮮半島南岸に撤収し、各地に新たな城(倭城)の築城を開始する。
- Having conquered Jeolla Province, Chungcheong Province and advanced into Gyeonggi Province within about two months, the Japanese forces returned to the southern shore of the Korean Peninsula before winter and started the establishment of new castles (Japanese castles) in various places.
- 朝鮮政府は日清両軍の撤兵要求を回答、7月23日未明に陸軍第五師団の二個大隊が漢城の電信線を切断して朝鮮王宮を3時間にわたり攻撃・占領する。
- The Korean government responded that it wanted both Japanese and Qing troops to withdraw, and early on July 23, two battalions of the fifth Army Division cut the telegraph wire in Hanseong and occupied the Korean Palace after a three hour attack.
- 『海東諸国紀』(かいとうしょこくき,)は、李氏朝鮮領議政(宰相)申叔舟(シン・スクチュ)が日本と琉球王国について記述した漢文書籍の歴史書。
- 'Kaito Shokoku-ki' (lit. Record of the Eastern Nations) is a historic book about Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom written in classical Chinese by Joseon Dynasty minister Suk-ju SHIN.
- 当時朝鮮貿易に大きな利権を持っていた対馬の早田左衛門太郎は1426年、慶尚左右道各地で任意に交易できるようにして欲しいと朝鮮政府に訴えた。
- In 1426, Saemontaro SODA from Tsushima, who had great interests in the foreign trade of Korea at that time, pleaded to the Korean Government for free trade at any place in left and right sided provinces of Gyeongsang.
- 1510年の三浦の乱によって一時閉鎖されたが、1512年の対馬と朝鮮の条約によって薺浦が再開された後、1521年に富山浦倭館も再開された。
- After temporary closure due to the Sanpo War in 1510, Seiho (port of Sei) was resumed by the treaty between Tsushima and Korea in 1512, and then Busanpo Wakan was also resumed in 1521.
- 中華人民共和国では万暦朝鮮戦争(ばんれきちょうせんせんそう、)もしくは朝鮮壬辰衛国戦争(ちょうせんじんしんえいこくせんそう、)と呼ばれる。
- In the People's Republic of China, it is called '万历朝鲜战争' or '朝鲜壬辰卫国战争.'
- 法令中では外地の定義・範囲は明かではないが、外地官署とはすなわち台湾総督府、朝鮮総督府、関東局、樺太庁、南洋庁を指すものとして運用された。
- Although the definition and scope of the term Gaichi were not clarified, the law were put into effect assuming Gaichi offices indicated Chosen Sotoku-fu, Taiwan Sotoku-fu, Kwantung Agency, and Nanyo-cho.
- ただし、征韓論の中心的人物であった西郷自身の主張は出兵ではなく開国を勧める遣韓使節として自らが朝鮮に赴く、むしろ「遣韓論」と言う説もある。
- However, it is said that the insistence of Saigo, who was the central figure of Seikanron, was not on dispatching military but on his himself going there as a Japanese official diplomatic delegation and on asking Korea to open its country to the world (this insistence is called 'Kenkanron' [the insistence on sending delegations to Korea).
- さらに朝鮮政府の中央では大院君の支持者が交渉中止を求めたために議論が紛糾し、東莱政府も確実な回答を日本側に伝えることが不可能となっていた。
- In addition, because at the center of the Korean government, the supporters of Daewongun demanded halting the negotiation, the discussions became complicated, and it also became impossible for the Torai government to give a firm reply to the Japanese government.
- 壁画のうち、1号大壁、10号大壁などは焼損後も比較的図様が残っており、12号壁の十一面観音像は全体の図様や衣の文様なども鮮明に残っている。
- Of the murals, the No. 1 Taiheki, No. 10 Taiheki and others relatively remain their design after the fire damage, and the design and the patterns of the clothes, and so on, in the No. 12 Juichimen Kannon zo remains vividly.
- また、終戦直後より朝鮮人と対立していた的屋・博徒は、「不良在日外国人、七条署に押しかける」の報に接し、急遽500人が警察の応援に駆けつけた。
- Street vendors and gamblers who had been clashing with the Koreans since immediately after the end of the war learned that 'unlawful foreigners had forced their way into the Shichijo police station' and 500 of them rushed to the station to support the police.
- こうして日本は朝鮮半島の権益を確保できた上、新たに東清鉄道の一部である南満州鉄道の獲得など満洲(中国東北部)における権益を得ることとなった。
- In addition to securing interests in the Korean Peninsula, Japan also acquired concessions in Manchuria (Northeastern China) including the South Manchuria Railways- a part of the Chinese Eastern Railway.
- ヤマト王権の王は中華王朝や朝鮮半島諸国など対外的には「倭国王」「倭王」と称し、国内向けには「治天下大王」「大王」「大公主」などと称していた。
- The kings of the Yamato Kingdom called themselves 'Wakokuo' or 'Wao' (King of Wa) when dealing with foreign countries such as China or the Korean kingdoms, and 'Ame-no-shita Shiroshimesu Okimi' (literally Great King of all that is under Heaven), 'Okimi' (Great King) or 'Okiminushi' (Great Lord) domestically.
- 嘉吉条約(かきつじょうやく)とは、日本史での室町時代、1443年(日本暦嘉吉3年)に朝鮮王朝と対馬国の宗貞盛との間で結ばれた貿易協定である。
- Kakitsu Treaty was a trade agreement concluded between Korean Dynasties and Sadamori SO of Tsushima Province in 1443, the Muromachi period in Japan.
- 中世の倭館交易では日本側は銅、硫黄、金を輸出したが、南方物産である赤色染料のスオウ、コショウなどのスパイス類も琉球経由などで朝鮮に転売した。
- In the Medieval Period wakan trade, Japan exported copper, sulfur, and gold, and also resold the products of the south seas like sappanwood, a red dye, and spices like pepper to Korea via the Ryukyu Islands.
- こうして、日本の出征大名達は朝鮮を退去して日本へ帰国し、豊臣秀吉の画策した明遠征、朝鮮征服計画は成功に至らぬまま、秀吉の死によって終結した。
- Thus, the daimyo that went to war from Japan withdrew and returned to Japan and the expedition to Ming and the conquest of Korea intended by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was not achieved and was ended by Hideyoshi's death.
- 朝鮮国内においては、国籍によって裁判の管轄を分けるが、日本国内においては一切朝鮮側の領事裁判権を認めないという点で片務的なものとなっている。
- It was a one-sided treaty, because while the jurisdiction of trial was divided depending on nationality in Korea, the consular jurisdiction of Korea was never admitted in Japan.
- 一進会は、1909年12月「韓日合邦を要求する声明書」を純宗 (朝鮮王)、第二代韓国統監曾禰荒助、首相李完用に送り、韓日合邦を要請している。
- In December 1909, Isshinkai sent the 'Statement to request the consolidation of Korea and Japan' to Sunjong (Korean King), Sone ARASUKE, the 2nd Inspector General of Korea, and Prime Minister Lee, Wan-yong to request the consolidation of Korea and Japan.
- 無効論者の多くは本協約について、国家(大韓帝国)と個人(皇帝・高宗 (朝鮮王))の両方に強制と脅迫が加えられたために無効であると考えている。
- Many of the advocates of invalidity think it is invalid because compulsion and a threat were imposed both on the state (The Korean Empire) and the individual (Emperor Gao Zong [Korean King]).
- なお新鮮なニワトリの肉でもカンピロバクターに感染しているものが多く、またO-157などの病原性大腸菌対策としても充分な加熱処理が必要である。
- Since even fresh chicken meat is often infected with campylobacter, and as a measure against Escherichia coli bacteria such as o157, chicken meat must undergo sufficient heat treatment in cooking.
- 石田三成、小西行長らによって進められていた明との講和は決裂し、慶長2年(1597年)には再び、朝鮮出兵が行なわれた(文禄・慶長の役慶長の役)。
- The peace treaty with Ming, which Mitsunari ISHIDA, Yukinaga KONISHI and others promoted, broke down, and in 1597 (the second year of the Keicho era), the second dispatch of troops to Korea was conducted (the Bunroku-Keicho War/ Keicho War).
- 伊藤内閣は6月15日、朝鮮の内政改革を日清共同で進める、清が拒否すれば日本単独で指導するという方針を閣議決定し清に通告し、清がこれを拒否した。
- On June 15, the Ito cabinet decided on its policy in the cabinet meeting that both Japan and Qing would jointly reform the internal system of Korea and, if Qing refused, Japan would solely undertake the instructions, and Qing refused when informed of the decision.
- 1903年8月からの日露交渉において、日本側は朝鮮半島を日本、満洲をロシアの支配下に置くという妥協案、いわゆる満韓交換論をロシア側へ提案した。
- In the negotiation with Russia from August 1903, Japan proposed that the Korean Peninsula under the Japanese control and Manchuria under the Russian control, in a compromise known as the Manchuria-Korea Trade-off.
- 徳川幕府は朝鮮王朝と対馬の宗氏の間に1609年己酉約条を結ばせ交易を再開、また朝鮮通信使と日本国王使の往来によりおおむね対等な関係を構築した。
- The Tokugawa shogunate started trading again with the Korean dynasty by concluding the Giyu treaty with the So clan of Tsushima Island in 1609 and established a relationship of almost equality through mutual visits of Korean messengers and Japanese envoys.
- 朝鮮はこれら中国産品を、朝貢貿易や国境貿易で入手することができたが、日本は明への入港を拒絶されていたため中国密貿易船の来航を待つしかなかった。
- While Korea was able to obtain those Chinese products through the tribute trade and border trade, Japan could not do anything but wait for the Chinese smuggling ships, as Japan had been denied entry to Ming.
- 付属第七款 開港場において日本人は自国の貨幣を使用することができ、朝鮮人は売買によって入手した貨幣を日本製品購入のために使用することができる。
- The appendix of provision 7 - Japanese people can use the Japanese currency at cities where the port is open, and Korean people can use currency that they got through trade when they purchase Japanese products.
- 朝鮮では、高麗の金富軾が作った高句麗・百済・新羅三国の紀伝体正史『三国史記』 (1145年) が最初の正史であり、現存する最古の歴史書である。
- In Korea, the first official history was the biographical annal 'Samguk Sagi' ('History of the Three Kingdoms', completed in 1145), which was created by Busik KIM of the Goryeo dynasty and covered the history of the three kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla; it is also Korea's oldest extant history book of any kind.
- この中国情勢の混乱を勢力圏拡大の好機と判断した陸軍大臣の上原勇作は、当時の第三次西園寺公望内閣に対し朝鮮半島に2個師団を新設するよう提言した。
- Deciding that the political confusion in China was a prime opportunity for Japan to expand its power, War Minister Yūsaku UEHARA proposed to the third administration of Prime Minister Kinmochi SAIONJI to create two new infantry divisions on the Korean Peninsula.
- 清国は、李氏朝鮮が完全無欠なる独立自主の国であることを確認し、独立自主を損害するような朝鮮国から清国に対する貢・献上・典礼等は永遠に廃止する。
- Qing recognizes the full and complete independence and autonomy of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea, and permanently abolishes tributes, presentations and ceremonies from Korea to Qing that will derogate such independence and autonomy.
- その後朝鮮は似たような内容の条約を他の西洋諸国(アメリカ合衆国、イギリス、ドイツ、ロシア帝国、フランス)とも同様の条約を締結することとなった。
- Later, Korea concluded treaties with similar contents between other Western countries (the United States of America, England, Germany, the Russian Empire, and France).
- 襲撃を聞いた彦根藩邸からは直ちに人数が送られたが後の祭りで、やむなく死傷者や駕籠、さらには鮮血にまみれ多くの指や耳たぶが落ちた雪まで回収した。
- Although the Hikone Domain sent people to assist immediately when receiving news of the surprise attack, it was too late; they had to recover casualties, the palanquin and even snow on which a number of bloody fingers and earlobes fell.
- 台湾総督府をはじめとする他の外地政庁と異なり、朝鮮総督府は大韓帝国政府の機構を殆どそのまま継承したため、最初から多くの朝鮮人官僚を抱えていた。
- Different from government offices in other overseas territories such as Taiwan Sotoku-fu, Chosen Sotoku-fu took over the most structures of the Korean Empire government as it had been, so it had numbers of Korean bureaucrats from the beginning.
- いっぽう大豪族の蘇我氏は渡来人勢力と連携し、国際的な視野を持っていたとされ、朝鮮半島国家との関係の上からも仏教の受容に積極的であったとされる。
- On the other hand, the Soga clan, Daigozoku (big local ruling family), was said to work together with toraijin group, to have an international vision, and to be aggressive to accept Buddhism because of the relationship with the countries of the Korean peninsula.
- 日本統治時代に持ち込まれたもので、日本語のたくあんが朝鮮語式発音に変わった「タカン」またはそれに相当する固有語の造語である「タンムジ」という。
- It was brought in to South Korea during the period under Japanese rule and is referred to as 'takan,' which is the Japanese 'takuan' modified to the Korean-style pronunciation or 'tanmuji,' equivalent of 'takan,' which is a proper noun that has been coined.
- 現在は、兜率天で修行(あるいは説法)しているといわれ、中国・朝鮮半島・日本では、弥勒菩薩の兜率天に往生しようと願う信仰(上生信仰)が流行した。
- It is said that he is presently in ascetic training (or that he preaches) at Tosotsuten; the belief in going to Tosotsuten of Miroku Bosatsu (上生信仰) after death was popular in China, Korea and Japan.
- 中国、朝鮮半島、日本を通じて多宝如来単独の造像例はほとんどなく、法華経信仰に基づいて釈迦如来とともに2体1組で表わされる場合がほとんどである。
- There are few examples of Taho Nyorai made as a single statue throughout China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan, and it's mostly represented in pairs with Shaka Nyorai (Sakyamuni) based on the religious belief in Hoke-kyo Sutra.
- 1953年、日本国内の大学は戦争による被害から未だ立ち直っておらず、朝鮮戦争や再軍備にともなう財政切りつめにより貧弱な教学環境を強いられていた。
- In 1953, the Japanese universities hadn't recovered yet from the damage during the War, and as the Korean War started, the education budget was cut for re-buildup of armaments, so universities students had to bear poor conditions for studies.
- 李氏朝鮮は階級差別と搾取によって農民が春窮と呼ばれる毎年春に飢える状況が常態となっているほど生産性の低い統治を行っており、国土開発を怠っていた。
- Productivity of governance by Yi Dynasty Korea was so low that such situations called shunkyu (literally, poverty in springtime) in which farmers starved in the spring time because of class discrimination and exploitation and national land development was neglected.
- また、流通経済が発達しなかったため銀などの貨幣による売買が成立せず自給自足が基本の朝鮮民とは物々交換などで食料の調達を行わなければならなかった。
- In addition, as distribution economy had not developed, selling and buying using currency such as silver did not exist and procurement of food had to be conducted by barter exchange with Korean people who had been living by self-sufficient economy.
- 1894年5月に朝鮮で、東学教団構成員の全琫準を指導者として民生改善と日・欧の侵出阻止を求める農民反乱である甲午農民戦争(東学党の乱)が起きた。
- In May 1894, the Tonghak Peasant Revolution led by Jeon Bong Jun --a member of the Tonghak religious community-- occurred in Korea, calling for improvement of the people's livelihood and prevention of invasions from Japan and Western countries.
- 朝鮮通信使を模したもので、今日にも伝わる著名なものとして唐人おどり(鈴鹿市東玉垣町、津市分部町)、唐子おどり(岡山県瀬戸内市牛窓)の3件がある。
- The three Tojin (Chinese) dances handed down, each in Higashi Tamagaki-cho, Suzuka City, in Wakebe-cho, Tsu City, or in Ushimado, Setouchi City, Okayama Prefecture, are famous for imitating Chosen Tsushinshi.
- 朝鮮では日本が犯した誤りを恨みながらも建国以来の交隣政策の原則に照らし、制限された範囲内での交渉を許した(1609年(光海君2年)、己酉約条)。
- Korea, while resenting Japanese crimes, permitted the negotiations, referring to its basic policy of being friendly to neighbors, within certain limitations (according to Kiyu yakujo (Treaty in 1609)).
- そのため、近江令、飛鳥浄御原令を制定するなど、当時の政権は、唐・朝鮮半島の統治制度を参照しながら、王土王民思想に基づく国家づくりを進めていった。
- Therefore, the government at that time promoted the national development based on Odo omin shiso (the thought that all the land and people belong to the emperor), through the establishment of Omi-Ryo (Omi Administrative Code), Asukakiyomihararyo and so on, while referring to the governing system in Tang and Korean Peninsula.
- 960年(天徳 (日本)4年)に成立した宋(960‐1279)は貿易を振興する目的で各地に市舶司を設置し、日本、朝鮮との貿易や南海貿易を行った。
- The Sung Dynasty (960-1279) which was established in 960 placed shihakushi (the public office that operated on trade on the sea in China from Tang-Dynasty period to Ming Dynasty period) in various places, and traded with Japan and Korea, and it also did the trade between China and countries in the southern area.
- 1919年の三・一独立運動後、内地における大正デモクラシーの影響もあって「武断政治」は融和的な「文化政治」(朝鮮総督府文化政治参照)に転換する。
- After the March First Movement in 1919, owing to the Taisho Democracy in the mainland, 'Budan seiji' was shifted to conciliatory 'Bunka seiji (cultural government)' (See Bunka seiji in Chosen Sotoku-fu).
- また戦後に咸鏡道に建てられた日本軍撃退記念碑の北関大捷碑には加坡の戦闘で斬殺した日本兵から左耳825個を切り取って朝鮮王へ送った記録が残っている。
- On Hokkantaishohi, which is a monument raised in Hangyong Province after the war to commemorate repulsion of the Japanese army, it is recorded that 825 left ears were cut from Japanese soldiers killed by the sword in the battle in Kaba for the King of Korea.
- 豊臣秀吉による1回目の朝鮮半島出兵(文禄の役)の際、梅北国兼は前線基地である肥前国名護屋城へ向かう船を待つ名目で肥後国葦北郡芦北町に留まっていた。
- At the time of the first invasion of Korea by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI (Bunroku Campaign), Kunikane UMEKITA was in Ashikita-cho, Ashikita County, Higo Province under the pretext of waiting for the boat for the Nagoya-jo Castle in Hizen Province, which was the frontline base.
- これは開戦の名義を立てるために朝鮮政府の閔氏一族を追放し、大院君を再び担ぎだして政権を樹立して日本に清軍の朝鮮からの撃退を要請させるためであった。
- The purpose was to obtain justification for opening a war by pushing the Ming family out of the Korean government to get Daewongun to again hold power and request that Japan drive back the Qing army from Korea.
- 壬申約条(じんしんやくじょう)とは、1512年(中宗 (朝鮮王)7年/永正9年)に李氏朝鮮から対馬国の宗氏に対して通告された来航者取締規則のこと。
- Jinshin Yakujo were rules for immigration that were issued by Yi Dynasty Korea against So clan in Tsushima Province in 1512.
- しかし、1482年に牙符を所持した日本国王使が朝鮮に訪れることで牙符制が発効し、それを期に王城大臣使の通交は途絶え、偽使勢力は封じ込められている。
- Gafusei came into effect when the King of Japan carrying Gafu visited Korea in 1482; thereafter, the Ojo-daijin envoy stopped and the pseudo envoy powers had been contained.
- 1764年(宝暦14年)の宝暦度の来日の際、対馬藩の家臣で通詞を担当していた鈴木伝蔵が朝鮮通信使の通詞・中官崔天宗を大坂で殺害する事件が起こった。
- When Tsushinshi came to Japan in 1764 in the Horeki era (1751 - 1764), the incident in which Denzo SUZUKI, a retainer of the Tsushima Domain and an interpreter, killed Cheon-Jong CHOI, an interpreter and a middle-class officer, in Osaka.
- 日本軍最左翼に位置するためあらたに派遣された明水軍が加わり水陸からの激しい攻撃を受けるが防衛に成功し、明・朝鮮連合軍を後退させた(順天城の戦い)。
- Since it was located in the extreme left wing of the Japanese camp, it was attacked fiercely both from sea and land, but he succeeded in defending their position and forced the Ming and Korean forces to retreat (the Battle of Suncheon Castle).
- 朝鮮総督府庁舎が完成すると街から宮殿は見えなくなり、これらにより朝鮮民族(朝鮮人)にとって総督府庁舎は屈辱的な歴史の象徴ともいわれるようになった。
- When the Chosen Sotoku-fu building was completed, the palace got out of sight from the town, which made the Sotoku-fu building called a symbol of the humiliating history for the Korean people (the Koreans).
- 皇紀二千六百年奉祝臨時祭に合わせて奉奏する為に日本全国で講習会が開かれ、海外鎮座の神社でも奉奏されるべく朝鮮・台湾などの外地へも講師が派遣された。
- Workshops were held nationwide to prepare for the special festivals of the 2,600th anniversary of Imperial rule and instructors were even sent to shrines in overseas territories such as Korea and Taiwan.
- 古代中国の青銅器・古鏡・古銅印、拓本類と、中国・高麗・李氏朝鮮・ 日本の陶磁器、田能村竹田の画帖「亦復一楽帖(またまたいちらくちょう)」等がある。
- They include bronze wares, old mirrors, kodoin (ancient bronze seals) and engraved prints of ancient China, ceramic wares of China, Goryeo, Yi Dynasty Korea and Japan, and 'Mata Mata Ichirakucho' (Little Pleasures), Gajo (an album of paintings) of Chikuden TANOMURA.
- 高麗時代以前の朝鮮鐘は朝鮮半島のほか日本にも多数伝来し、福井県常宮神社の鐘が年代の明らかなものとしては最古(唐の太和7年・833年)とされている。
- Korean Bonsho before the Goryeo period are found not only in the Korean Peninsula but also many in Japan and the oldest one with an established date, the year of 833, is the bell in Jogu-jinja Shrine in Fukui Prefecture.
- 朝鮮への援兵を、同時期に行われた寧夏のボバイ、播州(四川省)の楊応龍の二人の辺境地方の地元民族首長反乱の鎮圧とあわせて、「万暦の三征」と呼んでいる。
- Reinforcement troops for Korea were called 'Three Expeditions in the Banreki Period' together with suppressing two other concurrent uprisings by local ethnic chiefs, Bobai in Ningxia and You Ouryu in Banshu (Sichuan Province).
- 上述の『朝鮮通信使小童図』には馬に乗った小童に町人が揮毫(現代で言えばサイン)を求める様が描かれており、随行員には庶民が簡単に接触できたようである。
- 'Pictures of Children in Chosen Tsushinshi' included the scene in which a person in a town sought kigo (signing in the present days) for a child who rode a horse, showing that the general public were easily accessible to persons in the envoy.
- 1392年に成立した李氏朝鮮は、1368年に成立した明とは異なり、朝貢船以外の商船入港を禁止するようなことはなく、入港地にも一切制限を加えなかった。
- Unlike Ming established in 1368, Yi Dynasty Korea, established in 1392, did not prohibit commerce ships other than Choko-sen (ships used especially for paying tribute) from entering its ports, and it imposed no restriction to the port of entry.
- しかし、異文化間の戦争のため明・朝鮮の指揮官は民衆を巻き込んだ籠城に徹し、守将の降伏による無血開城よりも民衆を巻き込んだ落城を選ぶケースが多かった。
- As it was a war between different cultures, however, commanders of Ming and Korea devoted themselves to the tact of holding the castle involving common people and, in many cases, they chose the fall of the castle involving common people rather than bloodless surrender of a defense general.
- 代わって第一次出兵を文禄の役、第二次出兵を慶長の役、併せて文禄・慶長の役という呼称が定着した(他にも朝鮮出兵や朝鮮役・征韓の役という呼び方もある)。
- Instead, names like 'the Bunroku War' for the first war and 'the Keicho War' for the second war and 'the Bunroku-Keicho War' for both have come to stay (Furthermore, there are name 'chosen shuppei' (literally dispatching troops to Korea), 'chosen eki' (literally, Korea war), and 'seikan no eki' (war for punitive expedition to Korea).
- 一般的な用法としては、朝鮮・台湾・樺太・関東州・南洋群島のほか、南満州鉄道付属地や満洲国、および太平洋戦争中の占領地を含めて外地と呼ぶことがあった。
- In general usage, the land appurtenant to South Manchuria Railways, Manchuria, and the lands occupied by Japanese during the Pacific War were included in Gaichi as well as Korea, Taiwan, the Kwantung Leased Territory, and the South Sea Islands.
- これに先立ち、一進会は1905年11月5日に「外交権を日本政府に委任し日本の指導保護を受け、朝鮮の独立、安定を維持せよ」という宣言書を発表している。
- On November 5, 1905 before that, Isshinkai had announced their declaration that they transferred their diplomatic right to Japanese Government to go under the Japanese instruction and protection, for the purpose of maintaining Korea's independence and stability.
- 当初、日本が朝鮮の独立を尊重するならば日本が中国を占領してもよいと考えたが、セルゲイ・ヴィッテの登場により極東に艦隊を派遣するなど干渉に乗り出した。
- Originally, Russia took the view that if Japan respected the independence of Korea, Russia would not contend the occupation of China by Japan, but Sergei Yul'jevich Witte changed the policy and Russia began interfering with Japan's affairs by deploying fleets in the Far East.
- しかし、襲撃後の現場には尾張徳川家など後続の大名駕籠が続々と通りかかり、鮮血にまみれた雪は多くの人に目撃され、大老暗殺は瞬時に江戸市中に知れ渡った。
- However, the scene of the attack had been witnessed by the Owari Tokugawa family, who had been following the daimyo palanquins that day, and also many people had seen the snow covered in blood, so knowledge of the Tairo's assassination spread quickly throughout Edo.
- 長崎の出島のごとき釜山の倭館に限定した国交を望む朝鮮側と、対馬宗氏から外交権を取り上げて外交を一元化し、開国を迫る日本との間に齟齬が生じたのである。
- There was a contradiction between Korea, which wanted to maintain diplomatic relations just in the Japanese consular office in Busan like Dejima in Nagasaki, and Japan, which attempted to unify the diplomatic route by depriving the So clan in Tsushima of their diplomatic rights and urged Korea to open the country to the world.
- スーパーマーケットや百貨店と違い、ここでは新鮮な旬の食材の品質のよさや豊富な品揃えが支持されて市民生活と密着しているところが最大の特徴となっている。
- Unlike supermarkets and department stores, the distinctive characteristics of Nishiki Market are closely related to the everyday lives of local people, and is known for the seasonal, quality fresh foods and wide range of items.
- 慶長3年9月(1598年10月)、朝鮮半島の泗川市で島津義弘率いる島津氏軍7千が明の武将董一元率いる数万(後述)の明・朝鮮連合軍と戦って撃退した戦い。
- Seven thousand army soldiers of the Shimazu clan led by Yoshihiro SHIMAZU fought against the tens of thousands of soldiers (mentioned afterwards) of Ming and Korean Allied Forces led by TON Yi Yuan, who was the busho (military commander) of Ming, in Sacheon City on Korean Peninsula in October 1598.
- 具体的には後述するが、注目すべきなのは、朝鮮側の修正要求は冊封国としての体面的なものが多く、後々問題となる領事裁判権は一切問題とならなかった点である。
- The details will be described later, but an important point was that while Korea required amendments to maintain their honor as a tributary country, they did not mind at all about consular jurisdiction, which would later become a problem.
- 第9則 指定された開港場以外において密貿易を行い、その地の官僚に摘発された時は、日本の管理官に引き渡し、日本側は没収した金品を全て朝鮮側に交付すべし。
- Regulation 9 - If illegal trade at a site outside the appointed ports was exposed by the government officials of the area, the criminal would be given over to the officer of the Japanese administration, and Japan should return all of the confiscated money and goods to Korea.
- これは、台湾や朝鮮とは異なり南樺太は内地からの移住者が多かったため、内地からの移住者については内地の法令をそのまま適用するのが相当であったためである。
- That's because many residents of Southern Sakhalin were immigrants from the inland unlike Taiwan and Korea, and it was considered proper that the laws of the inland were applied to the immigrants without modifications.
- 倭国(後の日本)にとって百済は同盟国であり、当時の倭国の政治指導者である天智天皇(後の天智天皇)は、百済復興を強力に支援しようと、朝鮮半島へ出兵した。
- Kudara was an ally of Wakoku (later Japan), and Naka no Oe no Oji (later Emperor Tenchi), who was the political leader of the country at that time, dispatched troops to the Korean Peninsula in an effort to vigorously back up Kudara to restore.
- 日本側は外務省理事官森山茂と広津弘信、朝鮮側は東莱府の官僚が交渉のテーブルに着いたが、やはり書契に使用される文字について両者の認識に食い違いが生じた。
- Shigeru MORIYAMA and Hironobu HIROTSU, a councilor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, from Japan and bureaucrats from Dongrae-Bu (the administrative districts in Korea) sat down at the negotiating table, but the same as before, there were differences between them about the words used in the sovereign's messages.
- 柳は1924年(大正13年)1月に山梨県池田村(現在の甲府市郊外)村長で郷土史研究者の小宮山清三の自宅を訪れ、小宮山家所蔵の朝鮮陶磁の調査をしていた。
- Yanagi visited the home of the mayor of Ikeda Village (today's outskirts of Kofu City), in Yamanashi Prefecture and the local history researcher, Seizo KOMIYAMA in January 1924 to research Korean ceramic ware of the Komiyama family.
- 「日本は済物浦条約に基づき、出兵して変に備えさせて、朝鮮での争いを永久になくし、東洋全局の平和を維持しようと思い、清国に協同して事に従おうと提案した。」
- Japan, with an intention to remove conflicts eternally in Korea and maintain peace in the entire East, dispatched troops under the Jemulpo Treaty and proposed Quing to work together to do so.'
- 黒木為楨大将率いる日本陸軍の第1軍 (日本軍)は朝鮮半島に上陸し、4月30日-5月1日、安東(現・丹東)近郊の鴨緑江岸でロシア軍を破った(鴨緑江会戦)。
- The First Troops of the Imperial Japanese Army under the command of General Tamemoto KUROKI landed on the Korean Peninsula and defeated the Russian army on the shores of the Oryokko River near Anton (present Tanton) in an engagement that lasted between April 30th and May 1st (Battle of the Oryokko River).
- 前述のように朝鮮通信使は主として将軍家を祝賀するためにやってきた国使であり、中国皇帝に対する朝貢使節と同様の役割、すなわち将軍の権威の誇示に利用された。
- As described above, Chosen Tsushinshi was a national envoy that came to Japan to make congratulations to the shogun family, and was provided with the same role as an envoy to bring tributes to a Chinese emperor or was used for showing the prestige of shogun.
- 「宣祖実録(せんそじつろく、ソンジョシルロク)宣祖二十五年壬辰五月條」によると、このとき朝鮮の民衆は既に王や大臣を見限り、日本軍に協力する者が続出した。
- According to 'the record for May of the 25th year of Sonjo in 'Senso Jitsuroku' (literally, factual stories in the era of Sonjo),' The Korean people had already given up on Sonjo and many persons who cooperated with the Japanese army appeared one after another.
- このため秀吉は和平に際し、明の皇女を天皇に嫁がせる事や、朝鮮南部の割譲など、到底明側には受け入れられない講和条件を提示し、明の降伏使節の来朝を要求した。
- Therefore, while negotiating peace, Hideyoshi proposed conditions of peace unacceptable to Ming, such that a princess of Ming marry the emperor of Japan and the cession of the southern part of Korea and required the dispatch of an envoy to surrender from Ming.
- 1896年2月11日、親露派の李範晋や李完用らによってクーデターが行われ国王の高宗 (朝鮮王)がロシア在外公館に移り執務(露館播遷)を行うようになった。
- On February 11, 1896, pro-Russian Bum Chin Lee, Lee Wan-yong and others carried out a coup d'etat, so King Gao Zong (Korean King) transferred to a Russian government establishment to carry out his work (Rokanhasen).
- また、朝鮮半島の史書『三国史記』「新羅本紀」文武王十年(670年)12月条には、「倭国、号を日本に更む。自ら言う、日出づるに近きを以て名を為す」とある。
- In the clause of December, 670 of Shilla Hongi (History of Shilla), 'Samguk Sagi' (History of the Three Kingdoms), a history book of Korean Peninsula, there is a description that says 'Wakoku was renamed Nippon because the land is close to the place where the sun rises.'
- これは高度な型染め技術を用いて一つの型紙で黄色や赤、緑などの多色使いの鮮やかな文様を描く染物で、本土でも袋物などの生地として珍重されるなど人気を博した。
- It is a dyeing technique of drawing a colorful pattern with multiple colors such as yellow, red, and green using a single pattern paper by an advanced technique of dyeing with patterns, and it became so popular in the mainland that it was used to make pouches and the like.
- もっとも朝鮮側にしてみれば使者は表向きが「祝賀使」であり実態は「賊探使」に過ぎず、秀吉に対して「朝貢」したつもりも「服属」したつもりも無かった訳であった。
- Although the Joseon Dynasty officially sent 'celebratory delegates,' their real intention was to learn about Japan's current situation, and they did not intend to pay 'tributes' or yield allegiance to Hideyoshi.
- 一方で、諸大名中最大の石高を持ちながら、関東移封直後で新領地の整備のために九州への出陣止まりで朝鮮への派兵を免れた徳川家康が隠然たる力を持つようになった。
- On the other hand, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who had the largest Kokudaka (assessed yield; tax system based on rice, measured by reference to the rated annual yield of the domain) among daimyo, but as he had been moved to Kanto just before, he only headed troops to Kyushu, but was exempt from going to Korea to fight in order to consolidate new territory, came to have latent powers.
- また一説には、友好使節のはずの朝鮮通信使が、当時の朝鮮人と日本人の間の文化の違いからかえって偏見を生み、のちの征韓論や韓国併合に繋がったとする考えがある。
- There is another view of considering that the Chosen Tsushinshi, which should come for friendly purpose, bore distorted views due to cultural differences between the Japanese and the Korean at that time, leading to Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea) and the annexation of Korea in later years.
- 明治維新後に対馬府中藩を介して朝鮮に対して新政府発足の通告と国交を望む交渉を行うが、日本の外交文書が江戸時代の形式と異なることを理由に朝鮮側に拒否された。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the Meiji government noticed Korea to establish a new government and negotiated to have diplomatic relations, but Korea rejected them because the format of diplomatic papers was different from the one of Edo period.
- さらにいえば、日本の砲艦外交的姿勢は無論朝鮮の屈服を促すものであったが、同時に日本国内の「征韓論」を唱える不平士族の溜飲を下げることも狙ったものであった。
- Moreover, the gunboat diplomatic attitude of Japan was of course an attempt at urging Korea to submit, but at the same time it aimed to appease the complaints of the former samurai class who advocated the policy of conquering Korea by military force.
- 朝鮮総督府(ちょうせんそうとくふ)は、1910年(明治43年)、韓国併合によって日本統治時代の朝鮮を統治するために、当時の大日本帝国が設置した官庁である。
- Chosen Sotoku-fu was a government office established by the Empire of Japan of the day in 1910 in order to govern Korea in the period of Japan's rule by the annexation of Korea.
- また漢唐の訓詁学や清の考証学との違いを鮮明にするときは、(宋 (王朝)明)理学と呼び、同じ理学でも朱子学と区別する際には心学あるいは明学、陸王学ともいう。
- In order to highlight its differences with Kunko-gaku (exegetics) during the Kan and Tang dysnasties and Koshogaku (study of old documents) during the Qing dynasty, Yomei-gaku is sometimes called Somin Ri-gaku, which is a general term used to describe Confucian studies during the Song and Ming dysnasties, and among Ri-gaku, Yomei-gaku is further called Shin-gaku, Min-gaku, or Rikuo-gaku to distinguish it from Shushi-gaku (Zhu Xi school).
- 版籍奉還という日本国内の難問を無事に乗り越えた1870年、朝鮮との国交交渉を有利にするため、冊封体制の頂点にたつ清朝と対等の条約、日清修好条規を締結した。
- In 1870 when Japan finished the 'Hansekihokan' (returning of lands and people to the emperor), a challenge in the domestic policy, successfully, Japan concluded the equal treaty (Japanese-Qing Treaty of Amity) with the Qing dynasty, which was at the top of the tributary system, because it would be advantageous to diplomatic negotiations with Korea.
- 四神相応(しじんそうおう)は、中国・朝鮮・日本において、天の四方の方角を司る「四神」の存在に最もふさわしいと伝統的に信じられてきた地勢や地相のことをいう。
- The term 'Shijin-so-o' refers to the topography and land physiognomy that are traditionally believed to be the best suited for the 'Four Gods' that govern the four directions of the heavens in China, Korea and Japan.
- 他の東アジア諸国と同様に「道教」や「儒教」(儒教は哲学や思想であるが宗教ではないとする見解もある)も受容しているが、その影響は朝鮮半島や中国ほどではない。
- As in the case of other East Asian countries, Japan has also accepted 'Taoism' and 'Confucianism' (there is an opinion that Confucianism is a philosophy or thought, but not a religion), but was not influenced by those as much as the Korean Peninsula and China.
- 中国語では「」(トウジャ - dòuzhā)または「」(トウフジャ - dòufuzhā)、朝鮮語では「」(ピジ)と呼び、精進料理や家庭料理の材料にする。
- It is called 'toja' or 'tofuja' in Chinese and it is called 'piji' in Korean and it is used for a vegetarian dish and home cuisine.
- その中で最も東端に位置する蔚山城が未完成のまま、年末から翌慶長3年(1598年)初めにかけて明・朝鮮軍の攻撃を受けるが撃退に成功する(第一次蔚山城の戦い)。
- When Urusan-jo Castle, at the east most edge of Korea, was under construction, the Japanese forces were attacked by the Ming-Korean forces from the end of 1597 to the beginning of 1598; the Japanese fought the enemy off (the first Battle of Ulsan).
- 一方、朝鮮の両班階層(支配層)の間では明の援軍のおかげにより朝鮮は滅亡を免れたのだという意識(「再造之恩」)が強調され、明への恩義を重視する思想が広まった。
- On the other hand, among yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea) (ruling class) of Korea, understanding that Korea could narrowly avoid ruin thanks to reinforcements from Ming ('再造之恩') was underscored and the thought to attach importance to gratitude towards Ming spread widely.
- 日清戦争は明治維新後近代国家形成をめざす日本と1860年代から洋務運動による近代化を進める中国(清朝)との間で行われた、朝鮮等をめぐる両者の全面戦争である。
- The Japanese-Sino War was a total war over Korea between Japan, aiming at the creation of a modern state after the Meiji Restoration, and China (the quing dynasty), in the process of modernization since the Western Affairs Movement in the 1860's.
- 日本軍は釜山西方の制圧を画策して、第一次晋州城攻防戦(1592年9月、細川忠興指揮の日本軍対金時敏指揮の朝鮮軍)を生起させるが苦戦したうえ、攻城に失敗した。
- Intending to conquer the area west of Busan, the Japanese army caused the first Siege of Jinju (in September 1592, the Japanese army commanded by Tadaoki HOSOKAWA versus the Korean army commanded by Kim Si-min) and, after hard battles, failed in attack on the castle.
- 三省堂の『朝鮮の歴史 新版』では、一進会が1909年に出した声明について、民衆の声を代表しておらず、かつ「会員100万人」も実体のない数字だったとしている。
- In 'History of Korea, New Edition' published by Sanseido, there is an mention that the statement issued by Isshinkai in 1909 was not representing people's voice, and that the number described as 'one million members' was unsubstantial.
- 朝鮮は頑としてこれに応じることなく、明治6年になってからは排日の風がますます強まり、4月、5月には、釜山において官憲の先導によるボイコットなども行なわれた。
- The movement of anti-Japanese became more active in 1873 instead of accepting the delegates from Japan, and then Korean officials led a boycott of Japanese goods and people in April and May.
- 結果的に、李氏朝鮮外交に翻弄された日本政府は、遂に痺れを切らし、小艦を釜山に派遣し東莱府館員を艦上に招待し発砲演習を見せつけることにより、局面打開を図った。
- The Japanese government was at the mercy of the Joseon Dynasty's diplomacy and they lost their patience at last, so they made a breakthrough; dispatched a small warship to Pusan and invited the members of Toraifu on board to show the shooting exercises.
- 釜山の倭館は朝鮮側が日本、特に対馬藩の使節や商人を饗応するために設けた施設であったが、明治政府は対馬藩から外交権を取り上げ、朝鮮との交渉に乗り出そうとした。
- The Japanese consular office in Busan was established by Korea to entertain Japanese envoys and merchants especially from the Tsushima domain, but the Meiji government tried to deprive the Tsushima domain of the diplomatic rights and start direct negotiations with Korea.
- また、6世紀前半には仏教が朝鮮半島より伝来し(日本の仏教の項を参照)、さらに遣隋使・遣唐使の派遣もあって、農業・鍛鉄・建築など多方面にわたって技術が発展した。
- In addition, Buddhism was introduced into Japan from the Korean Peninsula in the first half of the 6th century (cf. the article on Japanese Buddhism) and through dispatches of missions to Sui and Tang Dynasty China technological developments were made in many areas including agriculture, iron working, and architecture.
- 1400年、朝鮮王朝は興利倭船の入港場を釜山浦・薺浦(慶尚南道鎮海市)に限定するが徹底されず、1407年に居住地領主の行状(渡航証明書)の所持が義務化される。
- Although the Korean kingdom restricted the port to Koriwasen to enter the Busan Inlet (釜山浦) and Jepo (薺浦) (Chinkae City, Gyengsangnam-do (South Gyeongsang Province) 慶尚南道鎮海市) in 1400 but it was not completely observed; and the Korean kingdom required Koriwa to bear gyojo (passport) issued by the lord of their residence in 1407.
- 李氏朝鮮王朝では釜山に集結中の日本軍を朝鮮水軍で攻撃するように命令したが、度重なる命令無視のために三道水軍統制使の李舜臣は罷免され、後任には元均が登用された。
- Although Yi Dynasty Korea ordered the Korean navy to attack the Japanese army that had assembled in Busan, Yi Sun-sin, who was the Naval Commander of the Three Provinces, was removed from his post because of repeatedly ignoring orders and Won Gyun was appointed the successor.
- しかし攻撃は失敗し、帰路に巨済島で停泊していたところを水陸から攻撃され、朝鮮水軍は幹部指揮官、元均、李億祺、崔湖の戦死と共に壊滅的打撃を被った(漆川梁海戦)。
- However, the attack failed and, when they anchored at Geoje Island on their way back, they were attacked both from the land and sea and the Korean navy suffered catastrophic damage including deaths of senior commanders, Won Gyun, Lee Eokgi, and 崔湖 (the Naval Battle of Chilcheollyang).
- かつてはこの時に「侮日掲示」を朝鮮側が行ったとされ、実際に明治日本側にそう報告されたが、近年の研究ではその報告書の記述が作為であったことが明らかとなっている。
- Previously, it was said that on this occasion Korea did 'an insulting act against Japan,' which was reported to Japan side, but according to recent studies, it is cleared that this description of the report was an artificiality one.
- 朝鮮半島の高麗・李氏朝鮮では、国内文書や史書などに「倭」「倭奴」の記述が見られるが、これについて、高麗・朝鮮が日本を蔑視していたことの表れだとする指摘がある。
- Descriptions of 'wa' and '倭奴' can be found in domestic literatures and history books at the ages of Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty in Korean Peninsula, and some people says that is the express of contempt for Japan by Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty.
- それまで世界とは限定的な国交しか持たなかった朝鮮が、開国する契機となった条約であるが、近代国際法に詳しい人材がいなかったため、朝鮮側に不利なものとなっている。
- Korea, which had engaged in only limited diplomatic relations up to this point, was able to open the country due to the treaty, however it was unequal to the Korean side as they did not have specialists in modern international law.
- その強い姿勢は「西洋蛮人の侵犯に戦わない事は和議をする事であり、和議を主張することは売国行為である」と書かれた斥和碑を朝鮮各地に建てたことに窺うことができる。
- His firm attitude can be seen written on monuments which were erected throughout Korea, reading 'No fighting against encroachment of the Western barbarians means doing peace negotiations, and doing negotiations is selling our nation.'
- 「達(ダチ)」を「ダル」と読むのは中古漢語の入声tが朝鮮語漢字音で流音lに変化したため達datは朝鮮半島でdalに変わり、その音が日本に伝わったためとされる。
- It is considered that the reason for reading '達' ('dachi') as 'daru' is that the nissho (one of the four tones in Chinese) 't' of kango (words of Chinese origin) which was used in the Middle Ages changed into the liquid 'l' in the Korean pronunciation of kanji (based on adopted Chinese pronunciations), and 達 'dat' changed into the sound 'dal' in the Korean Peninsula on its way to Japan.
- それまで都城を領していた北郷氏は北郷忠能が幼少であったことと、朝鮮出兵で軍役の不足があったこともあり、祁答院へ移され石高も6万9千石から3万7千石へ減らされた。
- The Hokugo clan originally held Miyakonojo, but since Tadayoshi HOKUGO was underage and there weren't enough soldiers for the invasion of Korea, the clan was transferred to Kedoin and the size of its territory was reduced to 37,000 from 69,000 koku.
- 江華島事件後の朝鮮では、急進的欧米化を進めようとする親日的な開化派(独立党)と、漸進的改革を進めようとする親清的な守旧派(事大党)との対立が激しくなっていった。
- In Korea after the Ganghwa Island incident, confrontation escalated between the Enlightenment Party (Independence Party), the pro-Japanese group seeking radial westernization, and the Conservative Party (Serving the Great' Party), the pro-Qing group seeking gradual reforms.
- 明の征服を企図していた豊臣秀吉は、天正15年(1587年)九州征伐に際し、臣従した対馬の領主・宗氏を通じて「李氏朝鮮の服属と明遠征の先導(征明嚮導)」を命じた。
- Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI who had intended to conquer Ming required through So clan who was the feudal lord of Tsushima and rendered homage and service to Hideyoshi on the occasion of the Kyushu Conquest in 1587, 'Yi Dynasty Korea's yielding allegiance to Hideyoshi and guidance for expedition to Ming.'
- 江戸時代後期に開国し、明治新政府が成立した日本では1868年(慶応4年)12月19日に新政権樹立の通告と国交と通商を求める国書を持つ使者を李氏朝鮮政府に送った。
- In the second half of the Edo period, Japan opened its secluded economy to the world, and the New Meiji Government sent to the government of the Joseon Dynasty an envoy holding a letter with the sovereign's message which informed them of the founding of a new administration of Japan and requested to establish relations and start to trade on December 19, 1868.
- それらから大韓民国や朝鮮民主主義人民共和国には、そもそも本協約が結ばれた1905年の段階で既に無効であった、すなわち当初から効力が発生していないとする説がある。
- Because of these arguments, there exists a claim in the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea that the treaty was already invalid in the first place at the stage of 1905, when it was concluded, i.e. it did not come into force from the beginning.
- 当時唐では、玄宗 (唐)皇帝に対する「安史の乱」が勃発し、朝鮮半島では新羅が日本の国使との会見を拒否するなど、対外的な緊張が高まり九州の防備が急務となっていた。
- In those days, in Tang 'An Shi Rebellion' broke out against Emperor Xuan Zong, in the Korean Peninsula Silla rejected the meeting with the national envoy from Japan, and the other events happened, so that the foreign strain was growing higher and the defense of Kyushu had become urgent.
- しかし、近年では「米だけで造ってある酒」という、もとは当たり前だった前提がかえって新鮮なイメージを呼び、純米酒は日本酒のなかに一つのカテゴリーを形成しつつある。
- In recent years, however, the preconditioned, 'sake produced only from rice,' which was taken for granted in the past, gives a fresh image and junmaishu has been forming one of the categories in the world of sake.
- また大久保達はこれ以降、政治の実権を握る事になったが、いわゆる「征韓論」に対しては大久保らも、交渉決裂に際して朝鮮半島での武力行使の方針自体には反対ではなかった。
- Okubo and other leaders, who held power after this event, also were not against Seikanron and the policy of executing military power in the Korean Peninsula after a breakdown in negotiations.
- 明応の政変において足利義材から将軍職を奪った足利義澄・細川政元は、義材を擁する大内義興所有の牙符を無効化しようと図り、1504年、朝鮮王朝に牙符の改給を提案する。
- Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA and Masamoto HOSOKAWA, who deprived Yoshitane ASHIKAGA of the position of shogun in the Meio disturbance, planned to invalidate Gafu owned by Yoshioki Ouchi, who supported Yoshitane, and in 1504, asked the Yi-Dynasty to renew Gafu.
- 日本美術の流れを理解するには、常に中国や朝鮮半島の美術史と対比して考えねばならず、日本の美術が日本人のみの手によって自律的に発達したものと考えることは誤りである。
- Therefore, in order to understand the trend of Japanese art, it should always be compared with the art history of China and Korea, and if you think Japanese developed their art all by themselves, it is wrong.
- 鉄道、道路、上下水道、電気、病院、学校、工場などのインフラの整備を行い、近代教育制度や近代医療制度の整備を進め、朝鮮半島の近代化に役立ったと主張する研究者もいる。
- Some researchers insist that it helped the Korean Peninsula modernized by improving infrastructure such as railways, roads, water and sewerage, electricity, hospitals, schools and factories, and establishing the modern educational system and modern medical system.
- 明治政府のお雇い外国人ギュスターヴ・エミール・ボアソナードは、事件を処理するために派遣される使節への訓令について、以下を決して朝鮮に譲歩すべきではないと具申した。
- Gustave Emile BOISSONADE, a foreign specialist in the Meiji government, gave an instruction to the envoy who would be dispatched to dispose the incident that they should not concede Korea the following points.
- 旧朝鮮総督府庁舎は撤去されたが、旧ソウル駅舎(旧京城駅)(塚本靖設計と言われる)や韓国銀行本店(旧朝鮮銀行、辰野金吾設計)などについては保存措置が講じられている。
- Although the former Chosen Sotoku-fu building was removed, preserving measures were taken for the former Seoul station building (the former Keijo station) and the headquarters of the Bank of Korea (the former Bank of Chosen, designed by Kingo TATSUNO).
- 日本の学者等によって、韓国のこのような教育が「文化先進国の朝鮮」と「文化劣等国の日本」という意識を韓国民に植え付け韓国起源説の根拠となっているとも指摘されている。
- It is pointed out by Scholars in Japan that such education in Korea has implanted in Korean minds the images of 'Korea, a culturally advanced nation' and 'Japan, a culturally inferior nation' and has formed the foundation of the theory that all of the culture in Japan originated in Korea.
- 豊臣秀吉の死後、朝鮮から帰国した忠恒に石田三成もしくは徳川家康が伊集院忠棟に叛意があることを伝えたという日州庄内軍記の記述があるが、それを裏付ける同時代史料はない。
- According to Nisshu Shonai Gunki, there is an entry stating that Mitsunari ISHIDA or Ieyasu TOKUGAWA told Tadatsune, who had returned from Korea after the death of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, that Tadamune IJUIN was thinking of rebellion, but there is no other historical evidence of the same era to prove it.
- 8月30日、朝鮮と済物浦条約を調印し、日本人被害者への補償5万円、公使館の損害と日本の出兵への補填金50万円と公使館警護のため若干の軍隊の漢城駐留などを取り決めた。
- On August 30, the Jemulpo Treaty was signed with Korea in which Korea promised to pay 50,000 yen for Japanese victims and 50,000 yen for damaged legation and compensation for dispatching Japanese forces and allowed a small-scale Japanese military presence in Hanseong.
- 牙符とは文字を刻んだ象牙を半割りにした割符であり、円周は四寸五分、片面に「朝鮮通信」と篆書体(てんしょ)で刻まれ、反対面には発給年次「成化十年甲午」と彫られていた。
- Gafu was an inscribed ivory tally split into halves, each of which was 13.6 cm round with one of the halves inscribed with 'Korean communication' in Tensho characters and the other half inscribed with the year issued '1474.'
- 1711年(正徳元年)に従事官の李邦彦が客殿から対岸に位置する仙酔島や弁天島 (福山市)の眺望を「日東第一形勝(朝鮮より東で一番美しい景勝地という意」)と賞賛した。
- In 1711, Bangyan LI, an officer of the envoy, praised the scenery of Sensui-jima Island and Benten-jima Island located on the opposite shore was the '日東第一形勝' (meaning that the most beautiful scenic area in the east of Korea) when viewed from the guest hall.
- だが、朝鮮通信使が実際に書いた日記(日東壮遊歌 など)などの当時の資料を紐解くと、進んだ文化を持つ日本の繁栄ぶりが描写されており、韓国の教育とは相違が見受けられる。
- However, when reading documents concerning that time, for example, actual written diaries (such as Nittosoyuka), it is found that Japan was advanced culturally and was prosperous, showing differences between what is educated in Korea and reality.
- 例えば大正12年刊行の拓殖事務局『植民地要覧』では朝鮮・台湾・樺太・関東州・南洋群島を「我が植民地と解せらるる」としていた(同書では南満州鉄道付属地も扱っている)。
- For instance, the government stated, 'Korea, Taiwan, the Kwantung Leased Territory, the South Sea Islands were considered as Japan's territories' in 'Colonial handbook' issued by Takushoku Office in 1923 (The handbook also mentioned about the land appurtenant to South Manchuria Railways).
- かつては朝鮮語の「ナラ(国という意味)」との関連性を指摘する学者もいたが、現在はほぼ否定されている(「均す(なら-)『平らにする』」という意味が語源とされている)。
- There used to be scholars who suggested a possible connection with the Korean word 'nara' (meaning a country), however, this theory is no longer accepted (the origin of the word is believed to be 'to flatten').
- 20世紀初頭まで続いた李氏朝鮮では、各国王一代の編年記録(実録)が編纂されつづけ、『朝鮮王朝実録』と呼ばれているが、紀伝体による李氏朝鮮王朝の正史は作られていない。
- During the era of the Joseon dynasty, which lasted until the beginning of the twentieth century, the chronological accounts (veritable records) of each king's reign continued to be compiled into what is called the 'Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty', but no official history in the biographical annal format was ever created for the Joseon dynasty.
- しかし、新羅が朝鮮半島統一の勢いを駆って侵攻して来る事を恐れ、海岸の防備を固めるなどを怠らず、両国の関係は持統天皇即位後、交流はあるものの、次第に悪化する事になる。
- However, fearing that Silla would invade Wakoku due to the momentum gained in unifying the Korean Peninsula, Wakoku kept reinforcing their defensive measures along the sea coast, and although there was exchange between the two countries, their relations deteriorated after the enthronement of Emperor Jito.
- これらの実態から、当時、朝鮮半島を実行支配していた日本との協約を無効だとする解釈は「法の不遡及」的解釈であるとする考え方が日本や有効・合法論においての考え方である。
- Under these circumstances, the interpretation that the treaty with Japan who actually ruled the Korean Peninsula at that time was invalid is regarded as 'legally non-retroactive' interpretation in Japan and among the advocates of validity and/or legality.
- 慶長3(1598)年9月末から10月初めにかけて明と朝鮮の連合軍は西から順天倭城(小西行長軍)、泗川倭城(島津軍)、蔚山倭城(加藤清正軍)、に対して同時攻勢を掛けた。
- The Ming and Korean Allied Forces simultaneously attacked Suncheon Waeseong (Yukinaga KONISHI army), Sacheon Waeseong (Sacheon Japanese Castle) (Shimazu army), and Ulsan Waeseong (Ulsan Japanese Castle) (Kiyomasa KATO army) from the west between early to mid-October 1598.
- 一般庶民に対しても朝鮮に来港し自由に交易を行うことが許可され、こうして派遣された交易船は興利倭船、交易のみを目的として訪れる日本人は興利倭人もしくは興利倭と呼ばれた。
- Japanese citizens were also allowed to visit Korea and trade freely with the Koreans, and the ship dispatched for them were called Koriwasen and the Japanese citizens who visited Korea only for commercial purposes were called Koriwa.
- 朝鮮出兵における五島勢(ちょうせんしゅっぺいにおけるごとうぜい)では、豊臣秀吉の文禄・慶長の役における、肥前国五島藩(福江藩、現長崎県五島列島)の動きについて述べる。
- Here is the article 'The Goto troops in Japan's Invasion of Korea' about the activities of Goto Domain in Hizen Province (Fukue Domain, the present Goto Islands in Nagasaki Prefecture) in the Bunroku and Keicho War led by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 弥生式土器は地理的に中国大陸や朝鮮半島に近い北部九州で最初に出現したもので、他の地方でも縄文式土器に代わって製作されるようになり、北海道を除く日本全国に分布している。
- The Yayoi pottery was made at first in the northern part of the Kyushu region, which is situated close to China and the Korean Peninsula, and then Yayoi pottery began to replace Jomon pottery in other regions as well, so the excavation site of the Yayoi pottery ranges nationwide except for Hokkaido Island.
- 倭の五王による南朝への奉献以来約1世紀を経て再開された遣隋使の目的は、東アジアの中心国・先進国である隋の文化の摂取が主であるが、朝鮮半島での影響力維持の意図もあった。
- The dispatch of envoys to China was resumed one century after the tributary envoys to the Southern Dynasty sent by the five kings of Wa (Japan), with the primary purpose of learning about Sui culture, as they were a key and leading country in East Asia, but also with the intention of maintaining Japanese influence over the Korean Peninsula.
- 一進会を率い、韓日併合論を説いた宋秉畯らは朝鮮総督府中枢院顧問となり、合併後の朝鮮の政治にも大きく影響を与え続け、その後、その功績により宋秉畯には伯爵位が与えられた。
- Song Byung-joon and others who led Isshinkai and supported the theory as to Japan's annexation of Korea assumed office as adviser of Chusuin (a government office in Korea) of Chosen Sotoku-fu and kept affecting on the Korean politics after the annexation, and later Song Byung-joon was given a title of count for his achievement.
- 室町時代にはいると、兵庫津は足利義満による日明貿易の拠点となり、遣明船の発着港としてにぎわったほか、李氏朝鮮や琉球王国の船も来航して再び国際貿易港としての地位を得た。
- In the Muromachi period, Hyogo no tsu became the base for the trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty in China by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, flourished as the arrival and departure port for Kenminsen (envoy ships dispatched to Ming China), the ships from Yi Dynasty Korea and The Ryukyu Kingdom came there and again got the status of an international port.
- 倭王武は、祖先の功業の成果として、東国の毛人の国々のみならず、対馬海峡を渡って南朝鮮の国々まで、ヤマト王権の威力が行き渡っているかのように誇らしげにうたいあげている。
- Waobu described the achievements of his ancestors in the Johyobun and boasted the power of Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) as if it was ruling over not only the east country of Japan where Emishi lived but also the countries of South Korea across Tsushima Straits.
- 日本統治時代の台湾での評価は朝鮮に比べて肯定的であり、特に日本時代に育った層は、その時代を懐かしみ、評価する者も多く、そのような声を載せた著書も数多く出版されている。
- The public evaluation of the Japanese rule is more positive in Taiwan than in Korea, and many people, especially those who grew up under Japanese rule, long for the days of the Japanese rule and value it, and there have been many books carrying such voices too.
- また当時の朝鮮において興宣大院君が政権を掌握して儒教の復興と攘夷を国是にする政策を採り始めたため、これを理由に日本との関係を断絶するべきとの意見が出されるようになった。
- In the Korea at that time, Heungseon Daewongun took the reins of government, he started to adopt a national policy that revives the Confucianism and expulsion of foreigners, and caused to develop an opinion that break off relations with Japan.
- 渡来人(とらいじん)とは、広義には、海外から日本に渡って来た人々を意味するが、狭義には、中国大陸から南西諸島・朝鮮半島などを経由して、古代日本に渡来帰化した人々を指す。
- Toraijin refers to people who came to Japan from abroad in a broad sense, but it also refers to people who became naturalized citizens of Japan from the Chinese continent via the Nansei Islands or the Korean Peninsula in ancient times in a limited sense.
- 公式の場において使われることはないが、現代の中華人民共和国や大韓民国・朝鮮民主主義人民共和国などでは、日本や日本人に対して侮蔑的な意味を込めて「倭」を用いることがある。
- Wa' is no longer used officially but is sometimes used as a contemptuous meaning in the Chinese Republic, Korean Republic and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
- 逆にソウル大学校教授李栄薫は、韓国で教えられている「日帝による土地収奪論」は神話であり、客観的数値で見ても日本が編入した朝鮮の土地は10%に過ぎないとする研究者もいる。
- On the other hand, researchers such as Lee Yong-hoon of the Seoul National University say that the 'land requisition by Empire of Japan' taught in South Korea is a myth, and the Korean land incorporated by Japan was only 10% from the viewpoint of objective figure.
- 7月16日条約改正交渉の結果、領事裁判権を廃止する日英通商航海条約調印を経て、20日大鳥公使は朝鮮政府に清軍の撤退と朝清間の条約廃棄を3日間の期限で回答するよう通告した。
- After the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation was signed on July 16 as the result of negotiation over treaty revisions to do away with consular jurisdiction right, Minister Oshima gave notice to the Korean government requesting the withdrawal of Qing troops and the denunciation of Sino-Korean treaties with a response demanded within three days.
- ヤマト王権と朝鮮半島諸国との交易が活発化した背景には、北方の高句麗から圧迫を受けつつあった百済が対抗のために近隣諸国(新羅・加羅諸国)と連携を強めていたことが挙げられる。
- It is thought that trade between Wakoku and the Korean kingdoms increased as Baekje, under pressure from Goguryeo to the north, began strengthening alliances with neighboring kingdoms such as Silla and Gaya.
- 受職人(李氏朝鮮から官職を授かった日本人)及び受図書人(「図書」と呼ばれる通交許可証を持つ日本人)に対する再審査を行い、実態の伴わない者の資格を剥奪してその人数を減らす。
- Reducing the number of Jushokunin (Japanese given Korean government post by the Yi Dynasty Korea) and Jutoshonin (Japanese given Korean government evidence called 'Tosho' to be granted special privileges in trading) by re-examining them and disqualifying those who were in name, but not in deed.
- なお、戦力に自信のあった日本軍は上陸後も戦国の常識に従って何度も李氏朝鮮を交渉により服属させようと試みており、朝鮮の武力制圧が既定路線であるかのような認識は間違いである。
- The Japanese army, confident of their war potential, tried, even after their landing, to subjugate Yi Dynasty Korea by negotiation in accordance with common sense in the Warring States period and, therefore, it is wrong to conclude that subjugation of Korea by military power was the predetermined policy.
- 古来より8月 (旧暦)(グレゴリオ暦(新暦)では9月ごろ)は、空気が乾燥して月が鮮やかに見え、かつ、湿度も低く夜でもそれほど寒くないため、観月に最も良い時節とされていた。
- Since ancient times, in August of the old calendar (around September in the newer Gregorian calendar), the air is dry and the moon is clearly seen, and it is not too cold even at night with lower humidity; this has been regarded as the best time of year for moon viewing.
- 元々は琉球固有の植物や中国風の模様が主流だったが、本土向けの輸出が進むにつれて友禅染の文様を取り入れた紅型が増えていき、友禅も紅型に使われる鮮やかな色彩を取り入れていく。
- Originally, patterns of Ryukyuan native plants and Chinese patterns were mainly used, but bingata taking in the yuzen patterns increased as the export to the mainland increased, and yuzen also took in the vivid colors used in bingata.
- 三国干渉および北清事変後中国東北部(満州)を勢力圏としていたロシア帝国による朝鮮半島への南下(朝鮮支配)を防ぎ、日本の安全保障と半島での利権を確保することを目的とした戦争。
- It was a war to protect the sovereignty of Japan and secure Japanese rights and interests in the peninsula by preventing the southward expansion of the Russian Empire (the domination of Korea), which established a presence in Northeastern part of China (Manchuria) after the Triple Intervention and the Boxer Rebellion.
- 特に「聞く銅鐸」の紋様の不鮮明さは埋納時から発掘までの土中での経年劣化ではなく、磨く等の行為によるものとされており(佐原真)、祭りの度に繰り返し掘り出し磨かれたためという。
- Especially, unclearness of the patterns on the 'dotaku to hear,' which is thought to have been created due to a treatment such as polishing, not due to degradation over time in the ground from a burial through to an excavation, possibly shows that they were repeatedly dug out and polished every time a ceremony was held (Makoto SAHARA).
- この事件が朝鮮政府に与えた衝撃は大きく、変革を拒否する鎖国攘夷勢力の反対をおさえて日本との国交回復を検討することになり、翌1876年に日朝修好条規(江華条約)が締結された。
- This incident brought such a terrible shock to the Korean government that they had to consider the recovery of the diplomatic relations with Japan by surmounting all objections by the supporters of expulsion of foreigners, and concluded the Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity (the Treaty of Ganghwa) in 1876.
- 平安中期には流行した、永承7年(1052年)に末法の世が訪れるという予言思想である末法思想が成立した信仰形態であると考えられており、起源は中国や朝鮮半島にあるとも言われる。
- This practice is considered to be a form of belief of 'mappo-shiso' (latter day pessimism, which prevailed in the middle of the Heian period, predicting that the mappo era ('latter day') would come in 1052), which may have originated in China or the Korean Peninsula.
- また、明軍と李氏朝鮮との交渉により鴨緑江より朝鮮側の兵糧供給は李氏朝鮮側の調達及び輸送と取り決められたため、自軍と政府の維持も含めて李氏朝鮮は民衆から過酷な食料調達を行った。
- As it was decided in negotiations between the armies of Ming and Yi Dynasty Korea thet, with respect to supply of provisions to the area on the Korea side from the Yalu River, Yi Dynasty Korea was responsible for procurement and transportation, Yi Dynasty Korea cruelly conducted confiscation of goods and services from common people including maintenance of both their own army and the government.
- 幕末には経済学者佐藤信淵は土地国有化と海外進出を行う絶対主義国家を論じ、吉田松陰は幽囚録で蝦夷地開拓とともにカムチャッカ半島、朝鮮、台湾、満州等への侵略統治論を展開していた。
- In the closing days of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Nobuhiro SATO, an economist argued absolutism of nationalizing lands and finding ways into foreign countries, while Shoin YOSHIDA argued in his book titled yuin-roku (descriptions in prison) reclamation of Ezo and invasion for the control of such as the Kamchatkan Peninsula, Korea, Taiwan, and Manchuria.
- 日朝修好条規(にっちょうしゅうこうじょうき)は、1876年(明治9年、朝鮮暦高宗 (朝鮮王)13年)に日本と李氏朝鮮との間で締結された条約とそれに付随した諸協定を含めて指す。
- The Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity refers to the treaty between Japan and the Joseon Dynasty concluded in 1876 and all agreements subsidiary to it.
- 明治19年(1886年)、宮内省、内務省、文部省による法隆寺の宝物調査が実施された際の目録には「朝鮮風観音」とあり、この頃からこの像を「観音」と見なす説のあったことがわかる。
- The list, which was compiled when research was conducted on treasures of Horyu-ji Temple by the Imperial Household Ministry, Ministry of Interior, and Ministry of Education in 1886, indicated 'Korean-style Kannon'; this tells us that there was a theory according to which this statue was considered 'Kannon' since around this time.
- 1873年6月の閣議(いわゆる留守政府)において参議板垣退助が交渉の行きづまりを打開するため陸軍一大隊の朝鮮への派遣を主張、西郷隆盛は使節の派遣と自らその職への任命を主張した。
- In a cabinet meeting (of the so-called rusu seifu - government while heads were away) in June 1873, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Sangi (the Councilor), claimed to dispatch a battalion of Army to Korea to resolve the deadlock in negotiations, and Takamori SAIGO demanded that an envoy be dispathced and he be appointed as the envoy.
- 釜山倭館に来航した対馬藩家老は1867年、明治新政府の成立を興宣大院君政権に通告したが、朝鮮側は日本の新しい主権者が「皇上」と名乗っていることを理由に国書の受け取りを拒否した。
- In 1867, a Karo (chief retainer) of the Tsushima clan who visited Busan Wakan notified the Heungseon Daewongun administration that the new Meiji government had been established, but the Korean government rejected receipt of the Japanese sovereign's message, saying Japan's new sovereign identified himself as 'Emperor.'
- しかしながら、『史記』の中ですでにその原則は崩れており、匈奴や朝鮮、酷吏列伝など列侯とは到底関係ない伝がいくつも立てられおり、単に伝を連ねたものと解釈した方が良いかもしれない。
- However, the general rule was no longer existed and there were a lot of 'den' (history), which were irrelevant to 'rekko' (titled liege) in 'Shiki' such as den of Xiongnu, den of Korea and den of an unsparing officials, so it may be better to understand that 'retsuden' is just a series of 'den.'
- 1896年7月、開化派の流れを汲む人たちが朝鮮の自主独立、法治主義の確立、新教育の振興、農業の改良、工業の育成、愛国心、君主への忠誠心の培養を訴え李完用らが独立協会を設立した。
- In July 1896, the people following Kaika group called for the independence of Korea, establishment of legalism, promotion of new education, improvement of agriculture, encouragement of industry and raising of patriotism and loyalty to monarch, and Lee, Wan-yong and others founded the Independence Club.
- その一方で、大和民族は朝鮮半島やベトナムなど、他の中華文明圏とは違い、中国に直接支配された経験はなく、受け入れた海外の文化(とりわけ中華文明)を独自に消化していく余裕があった。
- On the other hand, the Yamato race could originally afford to assimilate foreign cultures (especially that of China), having had no experience of being controlled directly by China unlike other nations under the Chinese sphere of influence, such as the Korean Peninsula and Vietnam.
- (2)古都奈良の文化財は日本建築と日本美術の進化のひときわ優れた証拠性を有しており、それらは中国と朝鮮との文化的つながりの結果であり後世の発展に重要な影響を与えることになった。
- 2. Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara is exceptionally useful evidence of the development of Japanese Architecture and Art and the result of cultural ties among Japan, China, and Korea; it had the important influence on the development which took place in later years.
- しかし国書の中に「皇」「勅」の文字が入っており、冊封体制下では「皇」は中国の皇帝にのみ許される称号であり、「勅」は中国皇帝の詔勅を意味していたので、朝鮮側は受け取りを拒否した。
- However, the Joseon Dynasty refused to receive the letter because it contained the Chinese characters '皇' (Royal, imperial) and '勅' (imperial decree) despite the fact that '皇' was allowed to be used only for the Chinese emperor and '勅' signified the imperial rescript under the tributary system.
- 朝鮮が清朝の冊封から独立した国家主権を持つ独立国であることを明記したが、片務的領事裁判権の設定や関税自主権の喪失といった不平等条約的条項を内容とすることなどが、その特徴である。
- It was described in the treaty that Korea was a nation independent from the tributary system of the Qing dynasty, holding state sovereign power, however it was characteristic of an unequal treaty with the provisions describing the establishment of one-sided consular jurisdiction and the loss of tariff autonomy.
- 李・朴は対馬藩のもたらす国書に「皇」や「勅」とあるのは単に自尊を意味するに過ぎず、朝鮮に対して唱えているのではない、受理しないというのは「交隣講好の道」に反していると主張した。
- YU and PARK insisted that the words 'imperial' and 'imperial order' written in the sovereign's message delivered by the Tsushima clan was not a statement to Korea but simply showed Japan's pride, and that to reject the acceptance of the message would be to oppose 'the way to peace and amity.'
- 一説にはこの親王宣下の背景には豊臣秀吉の後押しがあり、朝鮮出兵が成功して明を征服した暁には後陽成天皇を北京市に遷して、良仁親王を日本の天皇にする計画が存在したとも言われている。
- One theory proposes that Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was behind the decision to grant him the status of Shinno, and it is said that there were plans to relocate Emperor Go-Yozei to Beijing as Emperor of China and install Ryonin as the Emperor of Japan in the event that the Japanese invasion of Korea (1592–1598) became successful and conquered the Ming Dynasty of China.
- 調査が規制されていることに関して、英語圏のメディアにおいては、宮内庁が陵墓指定古墳の調査を認めない理由は天皇家が朝鮮半島出身である証拠を公けにしたくないからであるとする説がある。
- Mass media in English-speaking countries say that the Imperial Household Agency refuses investigations of kofun designated as Imperial mausoleums because the Imperial Family are trying to hide evidence showing that they are originally from the Korean Peninsula.
- その為、不平両班や被差別階級、困窮した農民、盗賊による反乱、蜂起、及び朝鮮軍によるその鎮圧、また朝鮮王朝内部の政争による粛正や処刑などが行われ、混乱は戦災を更に悲惨なものとした。
- Therefore, revolts and uprising of discontented yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea), discriminated classes, impoverished farmers, and thieves occurred and got suppression by the Korean army during their cleanup and executions occurred out of struggles for power in the Korean court were conducted and the such turmoil created further misery in the midst of the war damage.
- なお、明帝国は日本船の来航を禁止していたので、中国は(ポルトガル居留地マカオを除けば)朱印船渡航先とはならず、朝鮮との交易も対馬藩に一任されていたので、朱印状は発行されなかった。
- Since the Ming Empire forbade Japanese ships from visiting China, Chinese ports (except for Macao inhabited by Portuguese) were not included among the destinations of Shuinsen ships, and shuinsen licenses were not issued to ships that traded with Korea, either, since trading with Korea was entrusted entirely to Tsushima Domain.
- 天智天皇は即位以前の天智天皇2年(663年)に百済の復興を企図して朝鮮半島へ出兵して新羅・唐連合軍と戦うことになったが、白村江の戦いでの大敗により百済復興戦争は大失敗に終わった。
- Before his accession, Emperor Tenchi took up arms against Siila and Tang allied forces to attempt the recovery of Baekje in 663 but this war turned into a fiasco due to the loss of the Battle of Hakusukinoe.
- 高い経済発展とは裏腹にその果実の大部分が在朝日本人や日本企業に分配され、米をはじめとする多くの食料が日本に贈られ、朝鮮人(とりわけ農村部)への分配度は低かったとする研究者もいる。
- Some researchers believe that, contrary to the high economic development, most of the profit were distributed to the Japanese people and companies in Korea, and most of the food including rice were given to Japan, which made the distribution ratio to the Koreans (especially in the rural area) low.
- 貿易は鎖国政策を布いていたために、主流は長崎市の唐人屋敷における中国、出島におけるオランダとの交易であるが、対馬藩を仲介した李氏朝鮮との倭館での交易も幕府の公認を受けたものだった。
- Under the seclusion policy, foreign trades were mainly limited to those with China at the Chinese residential area in Nagasaki, and with the Netherlands at Dejima island, but also through Tsushima Domain, trade with Yi Dynasty of Korea was authorized by the shogunate government at the consular office (wakan).
- また、出兵に参加した大名たちによって連れてこられた朝鮮人儒学者との学問や書画文芸での交流、そして陶工が大陸式の磁器の製法、瓦の装飾などを伝えたことで日本の文化に新たな一面を加えた。
- New aspects were added to Japanese culture by intercommunion in scholarship and calligraphy and painting as well as creative writing with Korean Confucians who were brought to Japan by daimyo who took part in dispatch to Korea and transmission by potters of manufacturing process of continental ceramics and the decoration of roof tiles.
- 1885年4月全権大使伊藤博文と李鴻章により天津条約が結ばれ、四ヶ月以内の日清両軍の朝鮮からの撤退と、以後出兵時の事前通告および事態の沈静化後すみやかに撤収すべきことが定められた。
- Plenipotentiary Hirobumi ITO and Li Hung Chang signed the Treaty of Tianjin, which provided that both Japanese and Qing troops will withdraw from Korea within four months and hereafter give a prior notice in dispatching their troops, and call troops home as soon as things have calmed down.
- 文禄・慶長の役(ぶんろく・けいちょうのえき)は1592年(日本:文禄元年、明および李氏朝鮮:万暦20年)から1598年(日本慶長3年、明および朝鮮万暦26年)にかけて行われた戦役。
- The Bunroku-Keicho War was a war conducted during the period from 1592 (Japan: Bunroku one; Ming and Yi Dynasty Korea: Banreki twenty) to 1598 (Japan: Keicho three; Ming and Yi Dynasty Korea: Banreki twenty-six).
- 豊臣政権時から江戸時代後期に至るまでは、この戦役が日本が明の征服を目指す途上の朝鮮半島で行われたものであることから唐入り・唐御陣、あるいは高麗陣・朝鮮陣などの呼称が用いられていた。
- From the time of the Toyotomi Government to the late Edo period, as Japan carried out this war on the Korean Peninsula on the way to conquer Ming, it was called 'karairi' (literally, entering China), 'karagojin' (literally, China war), or 'Korai jin' (the Goryeio war), and 'Chosen jin' (literally, Korea wa).
- 第七款 朝鮮の沿岸は島嶼岩礁が険しいため、きわめて危険であるので、日本の航海者が自由に沿岸を測量してその位置や深度を明らかにして地図を編纂して両国客船の安全な航海を可能とするべし。
- Provision 7 - because the rugged and precipitous coast of Korea is extremely dangerous, the Japanese navigators should be able to measure the coast freely and make up a map to show the position and the depth in order to ensure safety of the navigation of passenger boats of both countries.
- こうした結果、朝鮮半島で流行していた伝染病が予防され、農地の開発等により食糧生産が増加(併合当初米の生産量が約1千万石 (単位)であったものが、20年後には2千万石へと倍増)した。
- As a result, the infectious disease that was spread in the Korean Peninsula was prevented, and food production increased (the rice production at the time of the annexation was about 10 million koku [crop yield], which increased to 20 million koku 20 years later) due to development of agricultural land.
- が、この朝鮮使を宗氏は「朝貢使」と称して秀吉に謁見させると、秀吉からしてみると、要求に応じ「朝貢使」を派遣し「服属」してきた朝鮮に、以前からの要求通り征明の先導(征明嚮導)を命じた。
- However, as the So clan introduced these Korean delegates as 'tributary delegates' to Hideyoshi, he believed that the Joseon Dynasty had sent 'tributary delegates' to yield allegiance to him as he had demanded, and ordered them again to be the guide for conquest of the Ming (Seimin kyodo).
- 戦争が開始され、日本軍・明軍・朝鮮軍による現地調達による食料消費と治安悪化のために農民が耕作を放棄することで流民が流民を生み、飢えた民衆は敵味方より略奪することで飢えを凌ごうとした。
- After the war began, because of the consumption of food locally procured by troops of Japan, Ming, and Korea and the deteriorated safety, farmers gave up cultivation and roaming people created further roaming people, and starved people tried to keep hunger at bay by robbing both from enemies and by obtaining favors.
- しかし、積極的な主戦論を主張していたロシア海軍や関東州総督のエヴゲーニイ・アレクセーエフらは、朝鮮半島でも増えつつあったロシアの利権を妨害される恐れのある妥協案に興味を示さなかった。
- Fearing that the expansion of Russian interests on the Korean peninsula would be impeded, neither the Russian navy, which advocated war, nor Евгений Алексеев, the governor-general of the Kwantung Leased Territory expressed interest in the settlement.
- 付録第十款 朝鮮は海外諸国との国交がないが、今後朝鮮に国交のない諸国の船が遭難し、漂着する人がいれば、日本の管理官がいる開港地まで送り届け、そこから遭難者の本国に送還することとする。
- Appendix of provision 10 - Although Korea did not have diplomatic relations with other foreign countries, if the ships of those countries were shipwrecked and somebody drifted ashore, they would be sent to the city of an open port where a Japanese officer was stationed, and then the victims would be sent back to their own countries from there.
- また、日本のいけばな・華道では、色鮮やかな花だけでなく、枝ぶりや木の幹の美しい表情、葉や苔まで、自然植物すべてを総じて「はな」と呼び鑑賞するのも、海外のアレンジの概念とは一線を画す。
- Also, Ikebana and Kado of Japan is distinctively different from the concept of flower arrangement in the Western countries, in that not only colorful flowers, but also all plants such as leaves and moss, as well as beautiful expressions of foliage and tree trunks, are collectively called 'hana' (flower) and are appreciated.
- これは長年の倭寇対策で船体破壊のための遠戦指向の朝鮮水軍に対して、船員制圧のための近戦指向の日本水軍では装備や戦術の差もあって、正面衝突の海戦をすると日本水軍が不利であったことによる。
- This was because direct naval battles were unfavorable to the Japanese navy because of the differences in equipment and tactics between the Korean navy that was oriented to distant combat (battles with missiles) to break the vessel's body because of their experiences over a long period in coping with wako (Japanese pirates) and the Japanese navy that was oriented to close combat to suppress sailors.
- 『無量義経』『仏説盂蘭盆経』『十王信仰』『十句観音経』など、原典がサンスクリット語などのインドの言葉ではなく、中国や朝鮮半島において漢文で成立したものが偽経(疑経)と呼ばれることもある。
- Further, original scriptures such 'Muryo gikyo' (Sutra of Immeasurable Meanings), 「仏説孟蘭盆経」, 'Juo-shinko' (Ten Kings (Ten Judges of Hell) belief), 'Jikku Kannongyo' that were not written in Indian languages such as Sanskrit and were established in Chinese characters in China and Korea are sometimes considered to be forged scriptures.
- 三・一独立運動に衝撃を受けた日本政府は、武力だけで朝鮮支配は不可能と判断し、また大正デモクラシー期における政党内閣の登場や、武断政治批判の日本国内世論にも配慮し、武断政治を一部変更した。
- The Japanese government, shocked by the March First Movement, found that it was impossible to rule Korea only by force of arms, and changed its Budan seiji partly, also in consideration of the emergence of the party cabinet in the Taisho Democracy period and Japanese domestic public criticism of Budan seiji.
- 現在中国や朝鮮半島で酒造用に用いられているのは麦麹(餅麹)がほとんどであり、その中身はクモノスカビやケカビが中心であるが、日本酒は米麹(バラ麹)であり、その中身は純粋なコウジカビである。
- Today, while wheat malt (or mochi-koji [a kind of malt fermented on rice cake]) is mainly used for liquor brewing in China and the Korean Peninsula with rhizopus and mucor, malted-rice (or bara-koji [a kind of malt made of heated grain such as wheat]) with pure Aspergillus oryzae is used for Japanese liquor.
- 昭和25年(1950年)6月朝鮮戦争が勃発し、日本に特需景気をもたらし始めると、密造酒の撲滅のためにその機会を狙っていた政府は、同年12月、明治時代前期はじめて全酒類の減税に踏み切った。
- When the Korean War began in June, 1950 and brought a special procurement boom to Japan, the government, who aimed to have a chance to eliminate illegal liquors, decreased the tax of all liquors for the first time since the early Meiji period in December of the same year, 1950.
- 食用外でも、アリルイソチオシアネートの殺菌作用及び植物の老化を早めるエチレンガスの発生を抑制する作用を利用して、食品・野菜用の抗菌・消臭・鮮度保持材として冷蔵庫などで使用する製品もある。
- Taking advantage of allyl isothiocyanate's action of killing bacteria as well as controlling the emission of ethylene gas, which promotes the aging of plants, wasabi is also used for antibacterial goods and deodorants, and in freshness-preserving agents for food/vegetables kept in refrigerators.
- 日清戦争(にっしんせんそう、中国語甲午戦争、第一次中日戦争、英語)は、1894年(明治27年)7月から1895年(明治28年)4月にかけて行われた主に朝鮮王朝をめぐる大日本帝国と清の戦争。
- Japanese-Sino War (Kogo war in Chinese, First Sino-Japanese war in English) is a war fought between the Empire of Japan and the Quing Dynasty over Korean Dynasties from July 1894 through April 1895.
- 明の冊封国であった李氏朝鮮に征明嚮導の意思はなく、秀吉は明への遠征のため先ず朝鮮の制圧を決め、文禄元年(1592年)4月(和暦。漢数字表記の月は以下同じ)、16万人の大軍を送ることとなる。
- The Yi Dynasty Korea, which had been Sakuho-koku (countries to confer a peerage with a Saku paper) of Ming, did not have the intention of leading troops to conquer Ming and Hideyoshi decided to conquer Korea at first in order to make a successful expedition to Ming and a large army of 160,000 were sent in May 1592 (according to the traditional Japanese calendar).
- が、1937年に日中戦争が勃発すると朝鮮でも戦時体制下で皇民化教育が推進され、日本が敗戦を迎えるまで各種の人的資源の動員や、商行為を通して様々な資源、食品の日本への大量移送なども行われた。
- But in 1937, when the Sino-Japanese War occurred, Japanization was promoted under the wartime regime in Korea, and all sorts of human resources were mobilized and various resources and food were transported in large numbers through business practices to Japan until Japan was defeated.
- しかし最近は、上槽した年の秋を待たず6月より前に出荷する酒に「新酒」というラベルを貼って、ひやおろしから差別化して新鮮さをアピールする酒が増えたために、「新酒」の定義に混乱が生じつつある。
- Recently, however, there is some confusion about the definition of shinshu because of the increase of sake which is shipped before June without waiting for the autumn in the year of joso labeling it as 'shinshu' to discriminate with hiyaoroshi (refer to definition below).
- また一進会は、日露戦争時に設立され、日韓軍事同盟においてロシアを侵攻を阻止することが、ロシアの大韓帝国に対する影響力を弱め、さらには欧米列強のアジア進出を防ぎ、朝鮮の復興になると考えていた。
- Also, Isshinkai which was founded in the middle of Russo-Japanese War had a thought that blocking Russia's invasion under the Japan-Korea Military Alliance could weaken Russia's influence on the Korean Empire, that it further could prevent the allied western powers from advancing into Asia, and that it finally could lead to the restoration of Korea.
- ここでは、高麗の前身の国家である「百済」を引き合いに出し「手掌ヲ穿傷......」(手の平に穴をあけてそこへ縄を通す」の意)云々のやり方を、朝鮮半島において古来より続く伝統的行為としている。
- He here explains that making a hole in the palms to lace a rope through was a traditional act continuing from ancient times in the Korean peninsula, taking 'Baekje,' which was the predecessor of Goryeo, for example.
- 日本は朝鮮の農地にて、水防工事や水利工事をし、金融組合や水利組合もつくったことで、朝鮮農民は安い金利で融資を受けることができるようになり、多大な利益をもたらすようになったとする研究者もいる。
- Some researchers say that Japan worked on flood prevention and water supply, and established financial association and water supply association in Korean agricultural land, which allowed Korean peasants to get a loan with low interest rate, and to make a big profit.
- 朝鮮独立運動の活動家・李奉昌(イ・ボンチャン)が1932年1月8日、桜田門外において陸軍始観兵式を終えて帰途についていた昭和天皇の馬車に向かって手榴弾を投げつけ、近衛兵一人を負傷させた事件。
- Lee Bong-chang, an activist for Korean independence, hurled a grenade at the horse-drawn carriage of the Emperor Showa when the Emperor was on his way home after the military review of the Japanese Army taken place outside the Sakuradamon Gate, and in the Incident one imperial guard was injured.
- 実家の佐竹氏に戻った義広は名を「蘆名盛重」と改めて、常陸江戸崎城主となる(江戸崎藩)が、関ヶ原の戦いの際には、旗幟を鮮明にしなかった実兄・佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)と行動を共にしたために改易した。
- Yoshihiro returned to his parents' family, renamed himself Morishige ASHINA and became the lord of Edosaki-jo Castle (in the Edosaki Domain), but he was deprived of his territory because he acted in concert with his elder brother, Yoshinobu SATAKE (also known as Ukyo Daibu), without taking a clear stand during the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 日朝で激しいやりとりがあったが、弁理公使花房義質が日朝間を頻繁に往来して、ついには1880年12月漢城に公使館を設置し長期滞在して既成事実化するようになると、朝鮮側も黙認せざるを得なくなった。
- During the severe discussion between the two sides, minister resident Yoshimoto HANABUSA traveled often between Japan and Korea, and finally Japan established a consular office in Hanseong in December 1880, Hanabusa stayed there for a long term to create a fait accompli, and Korea had no choice but to concede.
- 征韓論(せいかんろん)は、日本の明治初期において、当時留守政府の首脳であった西郷隆盛、板垣退助・江藤新平・後藤象二郎・副島種臣らによってなされた、武力をもって朝鮮を開国しようとする主張である。
- Seikanron is the insistence of the members of the 'Rusu-seifu' on making Korea open to the world by military power (Rusu-seifu means the government while heads of government are away: the heads of Rusu-seifu were Takamori SAIGO, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shinpei ETO, Shojiro GOTO, and Taneomi SOEJIMA).
- 倭の五王による中国への冊封要請遣使は、4世紀後期から倭国が朝鮮半島南部の伽耶諸国群へ資源・利権獲得のために介入しようとしたため、その地の冊封を受けて大義名分を得ようとしたものと考えられている。
- According to one belief, the five Kings of Wa, who intended to intervene in Gaya, located in the southern part of Korea, for acquiring concessions of natural resources there from the latter half of the fourth century, dispatched an envoy to China to submit to a suzerain-vassal relationship with the Chinese sovereign so that they might make use of such a relationship on the pretext of their intervention in Korea.
- 言論、集会、結社の自由も、(国際世論への配慮のため)一部のキリスト教徒を除き大きく制限され、朝鮮警察事務をすべて日本軍に委任し、通常の警察でなく軍の憲兵(軍事警察)が一般警察官を兼ねるとした。
- Freedom of speech, assembly and association was strictly limited except a part of Christians (for consideration of international opinions), and all the Korean police administration was delegated to the Japanese army, of which kenpei (military police) doubled as general policemen instead of the regular police.
- 静岡県の焼津からは1889年(明治22年)の東海道本線開通以後、鉄道輸送により東京・大阪など大都市まで流通させるようになったが、鮮魚よりも日持ちする生利節でも腐敗してしまうことがあったという。
- From Yaize in Shizuoka Prefecture, since the opening of the Tokaido Main Line in 1889, it had become distributed even to the metropolitan areas of Tokyo and Osaka, but sometimes namaribushi became rotten although though it could be kept longer than than fresh fish.
- 交渉中特に問題となったのは、公使がソウルに官舎を構えるか否か(公使派出問題)、日本の役人が朝鮮内地を移動できるか否か、開港地における一般日本人の移動範囲、米や雑穀の輸出入といったテーマであった。
- They had long arguments about those topics in particular, such as whether the ministers would establish the official residence (a problem of dispatch of ministers), whether Japanese government officials could move inland in Korea, the range of traveling for general Japanese in the places where ports were opened, and import and export of rice and grain.
- 朝鮮を属国としていた清との日清戦争に勝利し、朝鮮半島への影響力を排除したものの、中国への進出を目論むロシア、フランス、ドイツからの三国干渉によって、下関条約で割譲を受けた遼東半島は清に返還された。
- In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-'95, Japan defeated the Qing Dynasty, and removed its influence over its formal vassal Korea; However, in spite of the fact that the Liaodong Peninsula was ceded to Japan by the Qing under the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Japan was prompted to return Liaodong to the Qing under pressure from the Triple Intervention of Russia, France, and Germany that sought to secure their own ambitions in China.
- 外交面では、北九州が古来中国の王朝や朝鮮半島などとの交流の玄関的機能を果たしていたという背景もあり、海外使節を接待するための迎賓館である鴻臚館(こうろかん)が那津(現在の福岡市中心部)に置かれた。
- Due to the fact that Kitakyushu had played a role as a front gate to interact with dynasties in China and Korean Peninsula since ancient times, Korokan, a State Guest House to entertain foreign emissaries, was placed in Natsu (present central Fukuoka City).
- 具体的にはある程度保存の利くアルコール飲料(ビールやウィスキーなど)、コーヒー、ハム・ソーセージといった食品が多いが、クール便(冷蔵輸送)の拡充によって魚介類や牛肉などの産直生鮮食品も利用される。
- For example, preservable foods such as alcohol (beer or whiskey), coffee, ham, and sausage are usually preferred, but also fresh food such as sea food and beef are used as refridgerated transportation has become available.
- 水分を40%程度含み、保存期間に制限があるため、長期保存が可能な鰹節よりも生産量は少なく、鉄道での輸送が始まるまでは生産地周辺の地域、鮮魚より少し広い程度の範囲にしか流通させることができなかった。
- Because freshness is limited, as it contains about fourty percent water, the amount of the product was less than for dried bonito which could be stored for a longer time, and product can only be distributed near the place of production, a little larger area than for fresh fish until transportation by railway began.
- 戦役以後、総じて朝鮮人の間では日本に対する敵意が生まれ、平和な貿易関係を望む対馬の宗氏も朝鮮王朝に強く警戒され、日本使節の上京は禁じられ、貿易に訪れた日本人も釜山に設けられた倭館に行動を制限された。
- After the war in general, among Korean people, hostility against Japan was generated and the So clan which wished a peaceful trade relationship took strong precautions, the visit of a Japanese diplomat to the capital was prohibited and Japanese people visited for the purpose of trading were also restricted in their activities and were forced to stay in Wakan (consular office) established in Busan.
- この時の使節団訪朝前に、日本では寺島宗則外務卿が、「朝鮮輸出税は今より無論に是を徴せす。彼国より輸入し来る物品と雖少数、且多くは実用品にて国害となるへき物品無之候」と三条太政大臣に意見具申している。
- Before the envoy visited Korea from Japan, Munenori TERASHIMA, the chief of the Foreign Ministry, gave his opinion to the Grand Minister Sanjo, 'Export duties to Korea will not be imposed from now on. As the imported products from Korea would be not so many and most of them were utilities, those would not be harmful to our country.'
- 江戸時代後期に、国学や水戸学の一部や吉田松陰らの立場から、古代日本が朝鮮半島に支配権を持っていたと『古事記』・『日本書紀』に記述されていると唱えられており、こうしたことを論拠として朝鮮進出を唱えた。
- They insisted on sending military to Korea on ground that some scholars of Kokugaku (the study of Japanese classical literature) and Mito-gaku (the scholarship and academic traditions that arose in the Mito Domain), and Shoin YOSHIDA said that ancient Japan had hegemony over Korean peninsula according to 'Kojiki' (The Record of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihon-shoki' (Chronicles of Japan).
- 日本の文永11年・元の至元11年10月(1274年11月)に、忻都、金方慶らに率いられ、モンゴル人・漢人・女真人・高麗人など非戦闘員を含む3万人を乗せた船が朝鮮の月浦(合浦。現在の馬山)を出発した。
- In November 1274, the ships departed from Gappo in the Korean peninsula (now Masan) with 30,000 people on board, including non-soldiers, led by Xin Dou, Kim Bang-gyeong and others, consisting of people of Mongol, Han, Jurchen, and Goryeo.
- 日本酒は、牛乳などと同じく、新鮮さが命であるため、「生酒」の問題点はもちろんのこと、そうではない火入れをしてある酒であっても、原則的には出荷後はできるだけ早く飲んだほうがよい、と一般に言われている。
- As freshness is very important to sake, the same as with milk, it is generally said that, regarding the problems of 'namazake,' even for sake that has undergone hiire, it is better to drink it as soon as possible after shipment.
- 朝鮮総督府警察は普通警察に移行した後も、日本内地の警察には無い機関銃、野砲等の重装備を保有しており、日本の支配が及ばない中国領から越境してくる独立派武装勢力との戦闘を行うなど警察軍的性格を有していた。
- The Chosen Sotoku-fu Police possessed heavy arms including machine guns and field guns, which the police in the mainland in Japan didn't, even after they were shifted to the regular police, and they had a character as a police army, which fought against pro-independent armed groups crossing the border of the Chinese territory which was out of Japan's control.
- 朝鮮総督府は宮殿正門の光化門を移築の上保存し、朝鮮王朝の正宮だった景福宮の付随的な建物の多くは破却したが(一説に8割以上とも)、正殿の勤政殿や慶会楼などの象徴的な建物の大部分は保存されることとなった。
- The Gwanghwamun gate as the main gate of the palace was moved and conserved in the Chosen Sotoku-fu, and although most of the annexed buildings of the Gyeongbokgung Palace, the main palace of the Korean Dynasties, were destroyed (some say it was more than 80%), the most parts of the symbolic building including the Geunjeongjeon Hall as the main hall and the Gyeonghoeru Pavilion were conserved.
- 偽使派遣勢力は牙符制の発効を恐れ、1474年の牙符発給を受けた日本国王使を対馬で一時拘束する、あるいは1480年に偽王城大臣使を朝鮮に派遣し、牙符が散逸したとする撹乱情報を伝えるなど、妨害を試みている。
- For fear of having Gafusei come into effect, the powers to dispatch the pseudo envoys attempted to disturb the effectuation by catching the King of Japan envoy who had received Gafu in 1474 at Tsushima, or dispatching the pseudo Ojo-daijin envoys to Korea in 1480 to spread a false rumor that the Gafu were scattered.
- 対外政策としては明に替わり日本がその中心になる華夷思想を打ち出し、ルソン・琉球国・高山国(当時、台湾に存在すると考えられていた国)・李氏朝鮮などに服属と朝貢を求める武威を背景にした強硬政策を推進している。
- In regards to diplomatic policy, Hideyoshi insisted 'Sinocentrism' in which Japan would be the center instead of Ming and based on military force, applied a hard-line policy that required Luzon, Ryukyukoku, Takasagun (the country believed to exist in Taiwan in those days), Joseon Dynasty and others to yield allegiance and bring tributes to Japan.
- なお、大命降下された宇垣から入閣交渉を受けた小磯国昭(当時朝鮮軍 (日本軍)司令官)は「引き受けたとしても、東京に来る途中で「予備役編入」の電報が陸軍上層部から届いて、それで終わりですよ」と答えたという。
- Also, it is said that Kuniaki KOISO (commander of Korean Army (Japanese Army) at that time) who was given an offer to join the Cabinet by Ugaki who held an imperial command, answered, 'Even if I accept it, I will probably receive a telegram addressed 'Yobieki Transfer' from the upper stratum of the Army, and that's it.'
- 明治期における人類学的な区分では、坪井正五郎が先史時代の先住民であるコロボックル、国内の他民族であるアイヌ(及び樺太アイヌ)、琉球、朝鮮人・台湾漢人、台湾先住民などを除いた集合としての大和民族を主張した。
- Based on anthropological classification done in the Meiji period, Shogoro TSUBOI asserted that the Yamato race was an aggregation which did not include the Korobokkuru, which was prehistorical aborigines, the Ainu tribe (and Sakhalin Ainu), Ryukyu people, Korean people, the Han race of Taiwan, the aborigines in Taiwan and others.
- 柳は小宮山から地蔵菩薩像を贈られるとそれから半年の間に懸案であった朝鮮民族美術館の開館などを済ませると、小宮山らの協力を得て木喰仏の調査研究のため木喰の故郷である丸畑をはじめ日本各地を奔走することになる。
- Although Yanagi was given the statue of Jizo Bosatsu by Komiyama, he was obliged to work on pending tasks for half a year such as opening the Korean Folklore Art Museum etc., but after he opened the museum, he started researching mokujiki-butsu and was throughly engaged in visiting many places in the country such as Mokujiki's birthplace, Maruhata, with the cooperation of Komiyama.
- その場合、中国や朝鮮半島に由来しながらも主題や様式において日本的特徴を持つものを意味するのか、あるいは油彩技法が到来する以前に日本で制作された図画一般まで指すのか、定義があいまいなまま使われることも多い。
- In that case, the term 'Nihon-ga' is used loosely and it is unclear whether it refers to those drawings having origins in China or the Korean peninsula but with themes and styles that have Japanese characteristics, or those drawings in general which originated in Japan before the arrival of the oil painting technique.
- 1544年に発生した蛇梁倭変により、1512年に宗氏と朝鮮王朝の間で締結された壬申約条は破棄され、日本国王使(室町幕府使節)および大内氏・少弐氏の使節を除き、日本からの通交(外交を兼ねた貿易)は禁じられた。
- In the saryan wahen (Coup of Shinryo IWAYA) which occurred in 1544, the Jinshin Yakujo concluded between the So clan and the Yi-Dynasty in 1512 was denounced; thereafter, trading (trade concurrent with a diplomacy visit) from Japan was inhibited except for the King of Japan envoy (the Muromachi bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun] envoy) and the envoys from the Ouchi clan and the Shoni clan.
- 白村江の戦い(はくすきのえのたたかい、はくそんこうのたたかい)は、663年(天智2)8月に朝鮮半島の白村江(現在の錦江 (韓国)近郊)で行われた倭国(後の日本)と百済の遺民の連合軍と唐・新羅連合軍との戦い。
- The Battle of Hakusukinoe (also known as the Battle of Hakusonko) was a battle that took place between the allied forces comprised of Wakoku (later to be named Japan) and the surviving people of Kudara against Silla-Tang allied forces on August 663 in Hakusonko (the current outskirts of South Korea) on the Korean Peninsula.
- 日朝関係は豊臣秀吉の文禄・慶長の役によって破壊され、関係の復旧に意欲を示した徳川家康は対馬国の宗氏を通じて国交回復の交渉を行い、結果寛永13年(1636年)に朝鮮通信使という名の使節の最初の者が送られてきた。
- The relationship between Korea and Japan was destroyed by the Bunroku-Keicho War in the Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI era, but Ieyasu TOKUGAWA began the process of repairing the relationship through the So clan in Tsushima Province and the first Korean delegacy named Chosen Tsushinshi was sent to Japan in 1636.
- また、そのルーツに関しても、黄河流域~山東半島、揚子江流域、満州~朝鮮半島など様々で、渡来の規模とともに今なお議論の対象となっている(最近の遺伝子研究ではおおむねにおいて渡来人は北東アジア起源が有力である)。
- In addition, as to the roots, it is said that they originated from various places such as from the Yellow River basin to the Shandong Peninsula, the Yangzi jiang, or from Manchuria to the Korean Peninsula, and until now still the subjects of discussion are the roots and the scale of torai (one compelling theory is that Toraijin mostly came from the North East Asia according to the latest genetic research).
- 強硬派から(マシュー・ペリー同様嫌がらせのために)測量や航路研究のためとし朝鮮近海に軍艦を派遣して軍事的威圧を加える案が出ると、外務大輔の寺島宗則は太政大臣三条実美や右大臣岩倉具視の了承を得てこれを承認した。
- The hard-liners of Japan suggested to Munenori TERASHIMA, Gaimu-taifu (post of Foreign Ministry) to dispatch a warship to inshore of Korea in the name of measuring the coastline and investigating passages (to harass them as well as Matthew [Calbraith] PERRY did), and he accepted it under the approval of Sanetomi SANJO, the Grand Minister, and Tomomi IWAKURA, Minister of the Right.
- 日本側は従来の冊封体制的な交隣関係から、条約に基礎づけられた関係へと、日朝関係を変化させることを企図したのであるが、一方朝鮮側はこれまでどおり冊封関係にとどまり、その中で日本との関係を位置づけようとしていた。
- Japan attempted to change the style of the relationship with Korea from that of peace and amity based on the conventional tributary system to that based on a treaty, whereas Korea intended to maintain the conventional tributary system and establish a relationship with Japan under its framework.
- 日本軍は、漆川梁海戦で朝鮮水軍を壊滅させると進撃を開始し、たちまち全羅道の道都全州を占領、忠清道の稷山で明軍と交戦(稷山の戦い:双方とも自軍の勝利と記録)した後、京畿道 (朝鮮八道)の安城市・竹山まで進撃した。
- Having wiped out the Korean navy at The naval Battle of Chilcheollyang, the Japanese forces attacked and conquered the cities of Chonju of Jeolla Province, fought against the Ming force at Shokusan (the Battle of Shokusan: both forces recorded they had won.), and also attacked Chikusan, Anjo-city of Gyeonggi Province (Eight Provinces of Korea).
- ロシアは閔妃を通じ売り払われた鍾城・鏡源の鉱山採掘権や朝鮮北部の森林伐採権、関税権などの国家基盤を取得し朝鮮半島での影響力を増したが、ロシアの進める南下政策に危機感を持っていた日本がこれらを買い戻し回復させた。
- Japan became alarmed when Russia enhanced its grip and influence over the Korean peninsula by acquiring vital state assets such as the mining rights in Chongsong and Gyeongwon sold off by Empress Myeongsong, timber rights in the north, and tariff rights, and purchased back and restored many of these.
- ヤマト王権は百済との友好関係を基盤として朝鮮半島南部に経済基盤・政治基盤を築いていたが、半島における百済勢力の後退によりヤマト王権が保持していた半島南部の基盤が弱体化し、このことが鉄資源の輸入減少をもたらした。
- The Yamato Kingdom maintained an economic and political base in southern Korea owing to their friendly relationship with Baekje, but as Baekje's power diminished, this base weakened, leading to a decline in iron imports.
- 李氏朝鮮王朝では日本へ派遣した使節が帰国し、その報告が西人派(正使の黄允吉は戦争が近いことを警告)と東人派(副使の金誠一は日本の侵略はあったとしても先の話と否定)で別れ、政権派閥の東人派が戦争の警告を無視した。
- During the Yi Dynasty Korea, delegates dispatched to Japan returned and the Seijinha group (黄允吉, who was seishi (senior envoy), warned that war would occur in the near future) and the Tojinha group (金誠一, who was the vice envoy, denied saying that invasion by Japan would not be in the near future) made different reports and the Tojinha group, the fraction in power, ignored the warning about the potential of war.
- また夜中、炎上する筥崎宮より出た白装束の者30人ばかりが矢を射掛けたところ、元兵は恐怖し夜明けも待たず(朝鮮通信使のころでも夜間の玄界灘渡海は避けていた)我先にと抜錨し撤退は壊走となり玄界灘で遭難した、という。
- It further says that at the midnight, about thirty people in white came out from burning Hakozaki-gu Shrine and shot arrows at the Yuan soldiers, who were horrified and hurriedly withdrew in their ships without waiting for dawn, and in this chaotic flight, the ships are said to have wrecked in the Genkai-nada Sea (even Korean envoys in the Edo period avoided crossing the Genkai-nada Sea at the night).
- 1443年(世宗 (朝鮮王)25年)朝鮮通信使書状官として日本に赴いた後、成宗の命を受けて作成したもので、日本の天皇家や国王(各時代の権力者)、地名、国情、交聘往来の沿革、使臣館待遇接待の節目などを記録している。
- After being dispatched to Japan as the recorder of travel logs for the Joseon envoy, Shin wrote the book in 1443 under the order of King Seongjong and it records details including those of Japan's Imperial Family, lords (influential people throughout the ages), place names, the state of national affairs, the movements of the diplomatic mission, and rules of the reception met by the envoy, and so on.
- 日本以外には、移民(日系人)としてブラジルを始めとするラテンアメリカ諸国、アジア、ヨーロッパ、アメリカ合衆国など世界中に分布してはいるが、近隣の民族である漢民族や朝鮮民族と比べると日本国外への移住者は比較的少ない。
- They also live as immigrants of Japanese descent in countries around the world such as Latin America including Brazil, Asia, Europe and the United States; however, Japanese immigrants are relatively few in number compared to neighboring races such as the Han race and Korean race.
- アジア諸国の西欧列強による植民地化と日本による朝鮮王朝の開国と干渉に刺激された結果、清国と朝鮮の関係を伝統的な宗属関係から近代的な宗主国と属国の関係(宗主国と植民地の関係)に改めて朝鮮を自勢力下に留めようとした戦争。
- As western powers colonized Asian countries and Japan forced Korea to open the country to the world and intervene in it, Qing, as a result, was spurred into using this war to try to transform the conventional relationship between Qing and Korea based upon a concept of a family with the same origin into a modern suzerain-dependency relationship (suzerain-colony relationship) and keep Korea under control.
- しかし、その形式が従来と違い文中に中国皇帝のみが使用する「皇」や「勅」の語があったことで、朝鮮側はそれらは朝鮮にたいし日本を上位におくととらえ、また近代化を進める日本を「仮洋夷」として警戒してその受け取りを拒否した。
- However, the Korean government refused to accept it saying that the note was written in a style that differed from the conventional one and containing words '皇' and '勅'--traditionally used only by Chinese emperors-- suggested that Japan was superior to Korea, and warning that Japan's modernization was based on 'a presumed doctrine of excluding western threats.'
- 朝鮮王朝建国当初においては対馬以外の地域からも興利倭船が派遣されていたが、入港場の制限・行状所持の義務化・文引制の施行等、通交統制が進み通交経費の増加に伴い、対馬以外の地域から派遣される興利倭船は姿を消すことになる。
- Although Koriwasen were dispatched from regions other than Tsushima at the beginning of the Korea kingdom, as the regulation on the traffic progressed and traffic expenses increased such as restriction on the ports for Koriwasen to enter, requirement for Koriwa to bear gyojo, enforcement of bunin system (require all the passenger to bear passage permission issued by the So clan), Koriwasen dispatched from the region other than Tsushima gradually disappeared.
- 大倉喜八郎や福田増兵衛といった政商、第一銀行といった大資本が朝鮮貿易に参入するようになると、対馬商人たちは経済的に脇に追いやられるようになり、本来貿易が許されないはずの開港地の外縁へと暴力的に進出していくようになる。
- As the businessmen with political ties, Kihachiro OKURA and Zohei FUKUDA, and the holders of great capital such as the Bank of Daiichi started to enter the trade with Korea, the merchants in Tsushima were expelled economically and furthermore advanced violently to the outskirts of the open ports.
- 朝鮮総督は天皇に直隷して、委任の範囲内に置ける朝鮮防備のための軍事(後に陸海軍司令官への軍事請求権に改正)を行使したり、内閣総理大臣を経由して立法権、行政権、司法権や王公族及び朝鮮貴族に関する多岐な権限を持っていた。
- The Chosen Sotoku-fu belonged directly to the Emperor, and it could use military force (later revised to the military claim right to the Commander of Army and Navy) to protect Korea in the range of delegation, and had legislative, executive and judicial power through the prime minister, and a wide variety of authority on royal families and Korean noble families.
- このことにより、朝鮮半島の人口は、併合前の1906年には1600万人程度だったものが1940年には2,400万人程となり、平均寿命も併合時(1910年)24歳だったものが、1942年には45歳まで伸びることとなった。
- This made the population of the Korean Peninsula, which had been 16 million in 1906 before the annexation, become to 24 million in 1940, and the average life expectancy, which had been 24 years at the time of the annexation (in 1919), increase up to 45 years in 1942.
- 藤黄は、水を数滴皿にそそぎ、すれば鮮黄色になるが、使用時に膠液をくわえればなおよい、臙脂は、綿にひたしてあるから、綿を使用分切り取り、皿に入れ、熱湯を少し加え、あぶら分の無い杉箸などで強く搾れば、濃赤色の液汁が出る。
- Gamboge should be used by placing some water into a plate and kneading it until it turns a vivid yellow, and it is good to add some glue solution when using; while dark red pigment has usually already been soaked into a cotton cloth so cut the necessary amount of cloth when needed and put it on a plate, then add a small amount of boiling water and squeeze it hard with Japanese cedar chop sticks which do not contain oil, to release the dark red pigment.
- 桂は、「満州問題に対しては、我に於て露國の優越権を認め、之を機として朝鮮問題を根本的に解決すること」、「此の目的を貫徹せんと欲せば、戦争をも辞せざる覚悟無かる可からず」という対露交渉方針について伊藤と山縣の同意を得た。
- Katsura received approval from Ito and Yamagata on the following policies to be negotiated with Russia 'We will recognize the rights of Russia concerning the issue of Manchuria, and we would like to use this opportunity to decisively settle the issue of Korea,' 'If we want to achieve this, we must be prepared to go to war.'
- (洋弓は人指し指から薬指を使って弦を保持する『地中海式(図Fig.1)』を採る)蒙古式の取り掛けはトルコ・モンゴル・中国・朝鮮など短弓を使用する地域にも共通して見られ、また蒙古式を採る射法では多く矢を弓の右側に番える。
- (Yokyu (Western-style archery) adopts 'Mediterranean style (figure.1)' in which a string is held with the forefinger, mid finger and annular finger.) The Torikake of Menggu style is seen commonly in regions where Tankyu is used such as Turkey, Mongolia, China, and Korea, and in the Menggu style of shooting an arrow is often set on the right side of the bow.
- 大韓帝国内でも李氏朝鮮による旧体制が維持されている状況では独自改革が難しいと判断した進歩会は日韓合邦を目指そうと鉄道敷設工事などに5万人ともいわれる大量の人員を派遣するなど、日露戦争において日本への協力を惜しまなかった。
- The Shinpo-kai, which determined that the pursuit of reforms was difficult under systems of the former Yi Dynasty sought political union with Japan and voluntarily collaborated in support of Japan during the Russo-Japanese War; for instance, it reportedly deployed 50,000 people to construct railways.
- 外地関係共済組合...朝鮮総督府の逓信官署共済組合・交通局共済組合、および台湾総督府の専売局共済組合・営林共済組合令・交通局逓信共済組合・交通局鉄道共済組合(旧令による共済組合等からの年金受給者のための特別措置法第2条)
- Gaichi related mutual benefit associations ⋯ Mutual benefit associations of the Communication office and Transportation bureau of Chosen Sotoku-fu and Mutual benefit associations of Monopoly bureau, Forestry enterprise, and Communication department and Railway department of Transportation bureau of Taiwan Sotoku-fu (Article 2 of the Act on Special Measures concerning Beneficiaries of Pension of Mutual Aid Association Established under Former Ordinances).
- 古代朝鮮三国時代 (朝鮮半島)の百済復興のための新羅・唐連合軍との白村江における敗戦、元 (王朝)朝およびそれに服属する高麗による元冦と豊臣秀吉の朝鮮出兵を除けば、これらの三国間で日本が関係した戦争は歴史上きわめて少ない。
- Historically, there were just a few wars among three countries that Japan was involved in, except for a defeat in Hakusonko (Battle of Baekgang) in the battle with Silla-Tang allied forces over the revival of Baekje during the three Kingdoms period (of Korean history) of ancient Korea, Genko (Mongol Invasions of Japan) by Yuan (Dynasty) and Goryeo under its control, and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's invasion of Korea.
- 先鋒と交渉役を務めた小西行長や宗義智の日本軍一番隊は、しばしば秀吉が考える「李氏朝鮮の服属と明遠征の先導(征明嚮導)」を「朝鮮に明への道を借りる(假途入明)」に言い換えた上で李氏朝鮮に求めに応じるよう交渉を呼びかけている。
- The First Division of the Japanese army of Yukinaga KONISHI and Yoshitomo SO, who acted as the spearhead and negotiators by changing Hideyoshi's idea 'subjection of Yi Dynasty Korea and guiding expedition to Ming' to 'to borrow roads to Ming from Korea' and asked Yi Dynasty Korea to negotiate to accept the requests.
- 日本の防人は、大化の改新の後、663年に朝鮮半島の百済救済のために出兵した倭軍が白村江の戦いにて唐・新羅の連合軍に大敗したことを契機に、唐が攻めてくるのではないかとの憂慮から九州沿岸の防衛のため設置された辺境防備の兵である。
- In Japan, sakimori was deployed for the defense of outlying territories such as the coast of Kyushu due to the fear of a possible invasion by Tang Dynasty China after the major defeat suffered by Japanese troops, who had been dispatched to aid Baekje on the Korean peninsula, by the allied forces of Tang Dynasty China and the Silla Kingdom at the Battle of Baekgang in 663.
- 興利倭は倭寇の転身したものであり、明で倭寇を働きその略奪品を持って朝鮮へ交易に訪れる、あるいは船中に武器を携帯し防備の厚い所では交易を行う一方、防備の薄い所では倭寇と化す者もあり、朝鮮王朝にとって油断のならない相手であった。
- Koriwa were originally wako; therefore, they were cunning fellows to the Korean kingdom such that some of them raided Ming and brought their pillage to Korea to trade with Koreans, or were on board bearing arms and traded in their pillage at strictly guarded places and conducted raids as wako on the poorly guarded places.
- また、大日本帝国時代には台湾と朝鮮半島を領有し、さらにアジアや南洋の各地に進出して分布域を広げ、その地域に一定の社会基盤を築いていったが、太平洋戦争(大東亜戦争)が終結した時、日本の主権が失われたため日本本土へ帰っていった。
- In the Imperial Japanese period, they occupied Taiwan and the Korean Peninsula, moving into the countries of Asia and the South Seas, expanding their range of distribution and establishing a standardized social foundation; however, they returned to Japan's mainland as Japan's sovereign power was lost when the Pacific War (The Greater East Asian War) ended.
- まず、当時の国際慣習法規範において国家を代表する個人に対する脅迫による強制調印は無効であると認めつつも、本協約に関しては個人(皇帝・高宗 (朝鮮王))の強制と脅迫に関する歴史的資料に乏しいことから、無効論を退ける立場がある。
- First, admitting that compulsory signing due to a threat against an individual who represents a state is invalid in the norm of the international common law in those days, there is a position to repulse the views of invalidity on the ground that historical data related to this treaty on compulsion and a threat against the individual (Emperor Gao Zong [King of Korea]) are insufficient.
- 西軍の敗北後、恵瓊は逃亡したが京都で奥平信昌隊に捕縛され、西軍首脳の1人として、六条河原にて斬首された(彼が処刑されたのは、もともと反徳川の旗幟を鮮明にしていなかった毛利氏を西軍に引き込んだことが原因と推測する見解もある)。
- After the defeat of the Western army, Ekei escaped but was captured by Nobumasa OKUDAIRA's military unit in Kyoto, and went to the guillotine as one of the leaders of the Western army at Rokujokawara (there is a view that the reason for his execution was that he brought the Mori clan into the Western army, though the Mori clan had not initially made clear its position as anti-Tokugawa).
- こうした入港場の制限は興利倭の生活を困窮させるものであり、1427年に倭寇出身の対馬の実力者早田左衛門太郎が慶尚道全域において任意に交易出来るよう朝鮮王朝に請願するが拒絶され、代わりに塩浦(蔚山広域市)のみ入港場に追加された。
- That entry restriction would drive Koriwa into a corner -- In 1427, Saemontaro SODA, who was originally wako and influential figure in Tsushima, made a petition to the Korea kingdom to allow them free trade all over Gyengsangnam-do: In response, the Korea kingdom rejected the petition but added Yeompo, Ulsan-Gwangyeoksi (Ulsan Metropolitan City 蔚山広域市) instead.
- 民族運動の要求を一部受容し、運動を分裂・弱体化させることで安定的支配を構築することを目指したが、政策の基本は内地延長主義、すなわち同化主義であり、朝鮮と日本内地の制度的差別を縮小し、現地の不満を減少させ同化をはかるものである。
- They aimed to establish stable governance by accepting part of the demands of the nationalist movement so as to disrupt and weaken the movement, but the basis of their policy was mainland expansionism, or assimilation, in order to achieve integration by narrowing the system gap between Korea and the Japanese mainland and reducing dissatisfaction in the area.
- 例えば、『記紀』の記述によると、広開土王碑が伝える朝鮮半島奥深くに侵入しての高句麗との戦闘は一切伝えられていないし、倭の五王の遣使も伝わらない(倭王武の上表文によると5世紀の最も重大な外交問題は対高句麗問題であるにも関わらず)。
- For example, the Kiki does not say anything about the battle against Koguryo in the depths of the Korean Peninsula (mentioned in the Gwanggaeto Stele), or about envoys of the Five Kings of Wa (despite the most important diplomatic issue in the fifth century being a relationship with Koguryo as Waobu's johyobun).
- 牙符制が導入されるまで日本国王使・王城大臣使に対する査証の手段は存在せず、1450年代から貿易利権を目当てに王城大臣使を名乗る偽使が出現し、1470年代には偽使により「朝鮮遣使ブーム」と呼ばれる偽王城大臣使の大量通交が発生する。
- No endorsement for the King of Japan envoy nor the Ojo-daijin envoy existed until Gafusei was introduced, and from the 1450s, pseudo envoys representing the Ojo-daijin envoy appeared with the intention of acquiring the rights and interests of trading, and in the 1470s, diplomatic boom by pseudo envoys called 'sending of diplomatic missions to Korea boom' occurred.
- ところが、日本側が一旦帰国した森山からの報告を受けた後に、大阪会議や佐賀の乱への対応で朝鮮問題が後回しにされて「九月協定」への了承を先延ばしにしているうちに、朝鮮では大院君側が巻き返しが図られて再び攘夷論が巻き起こったのである。
- However, after Japanese side received a report from Moriyama who was coming back to home country for the time being, and while responding to the Osaka conference and the Saga War the Korea problem was left behind and postponed the approval for the 'September Agreement', and Daewongun regained his strength, and the principle of excluding foreigners arose again in Korea.
- 錦市場(にしき いちば)は、京都市街ほぼ中央に位置する錦小路通のうち「寺町通 - 高倉通」間の商店街で、魚・京野菜などの生鮮食品食材や、乾物・漬物・おばんざい(京都言葉で日常の惣菜)などの加工食品を商う老舗・専門店が集まる市場。
- Nishiki Market is a shopping street which is on Nishikikoji-dori Street between 'Teramachi-dori Street and Takakura-dori Street,' and approximately located in the center of Kyoto City; there are a lot of long-established stores and specialty stores that sell fresh foods like fish and Kyoto vegetables, and processed foods such as dried goods, tsukemono (Japanese pickled vegetables), and obanzai (precooked food in Kyoto dialect).
- 前近代における冊封体制下において、「皇上」や「奉勅」ということばは中国の王朝にのみ許されたことばであって、日本がそれを使用するということは、冊封体制の頂点に立ち朝鮮よりも日本の国際地位を上とすることを画策したと朝鮮は捉えたのである。
- Because Japan used the words 'imperial' and 'imperial order,' which were only allowed to be used by the Chinese dynasty under the tributary system of the premodern era, Korea understood that Japan was attempting to stand at the top of the tributary system and get a higher position in the world than Korea.
- 木版に絹篩(ふるい)を通して絵具を移して摺る木版摺りは、やわらかい風合いがあるが型染めの捺染では、硬く鋭い鮮明な紋様がやや冷たい感じとなるが、型合わせができるため、多くは三枚から四枚の型紙を用いて染める多色摺りの追っかけ型を用いた。
- While woodblock printing, in which paint is applied on printing blocks through a silk sieve, has a soft taste, printing (print-type dyeing) with dyes with models gives a somewhat cold impression from it's hard, sharp, and clear patterns, but because it enables combining patterns together, many makers adopted a casing type of multicolored printing in which usually three or four model papers were used.
- フェノロサが最初に使った「日本画」という言葉は、西洋から渡来した油彩画に対して、それまでに日本にあった図画全般を単に指すものではなく、中国や朝鮮半島に由来しながらも、日本の中で熟成、独自に発展した様式について言っているものであろう。
- It is thought that the term 'Nihon-ga' used by Fenollosa for the first time did not simply refer to all drawings existing in Japan prior to the arrival of western oil painting, but more specifically to the style which had roots in China and the Korean Peninsula but was developed independently and matured in Japan.
- 江戸時代を通じて朝鮮通信使一行のための迎賓館として使用された備後国鞆の浦(現在の広島県福山市鞆町)の福禅寺境内の現在の本堂と隣接する客殿(対潮楼)は江戸時代の1690年(元禄3年)に建立され、日本の漢学者や書家らとの交流の場となった。
- The guest hall (called Taichoro) adjacent to the present main hall in the premises of Fukuzen-ji Temple in the Tomonouwa of the Bingo Province was built in 1690 in the Edo period and was used as a state guest hall for Chosen Tsushinshi throughout the Edo period, also becoming a place where Japanese scholars of the Chinese classics and Japanese calligraphers interacted with Tsushinshi.
- その性質上当然に施行されるべき法律は別として、朝鮮統治のために設置された朝鮮総督府の長たる朝鮮総督が発する命令(制令)という形で立法権を委任するほか、内地に施行される法律につき勅令で朝鮮にも施行することができるようにする方針を採った。
- With the exception of the laws that should be enforced in Korea for its nature, the government delegated the legislative power to the governor-general of Chosen Sotokufu, which was founded for the administration of Korea, by granting authority to issue orders (laws) and also allowed the laws enforced in the inland to be enforced in Korea with imperial edicts.
- 北インドの地で生まれた世界宗教としての仏教は、主として東南アジア方面(クメール王朝、シュリーヴィジャヤ王国)に伝播した上座部仏教(南伝仏教)と、西域(中央アジア)を経由して中国から朝鮮半島などへ広がった大乗仏教(北伝仏教)に分かれる。
- Buddhism, which began in northern India as a world religion, is mainly categorized into Theravada Buddhism (Nanden bukkyo [Buddhism that spread from India to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asian countries such as Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia]) which spread in southeast Asia (Khmer Dynasty, Sriwijaya Kingdom), and Mahayana Buddhism (Hokuden bukkyo [Buddhism that spread from India to northern Asia]) which spread to China, the Korean peninsula, and other regions through the western regions of China (Central Asia).
- それは国家の統治権が及ぶ範囲を「化内」、それが及ばない外部を「化外」と区別し、さらに化外を区分して唐を「隣国」、朝鮮諸国(この時代には新羅と渤海)を「諸蕃」、蝦夷・隼人・南島人を「夷狄」と規定する「東夷の小帝国」と呼ぶべきものであった。
- It was a country worthy of the name 'small empire of eastern barbarians' and classified its sphere of sovereignty as 'kenai,' everywhere outside of this as 'kegai' and further classified kegai into Tang (defined as a 'neighboring country') 'shoban' (literally, miscellaneous barbarians, consisting of kingdoms in Korea: Silla and Balhae in this period) and 'Iteki,' including Ezo (northerners), Hayato (an ancient tribe in Kyushu) and inhabitants in southern islands.
- 日本軍に大きく後れを取った李氏朝鮮であったが、釜山を基点として支配領域を広げていた日本軍後方部隊のうち、海岸移動を行っていた船団に対して李舜臣率いる朝鮮水軍が4月と5月の二回の出撃で積極的に攻撃を加え、備えのない日本船団は被害を受けた。
- Although Yi Dynasty Korea had been beaten by the Japanese army, the Korean navy headed by Yi Sun-sin attacked, twice in May and June, actively fleet of ships that had been moving along the coast among troops at the rear of the Japanese army that had been expanding the area under its control based at Busan, and the Japanese fleet of ships that had not prepared for the damages suffered.
- また怨敵を降伏させ、諸々の異論を制御せんとする時、浄室において道場を安置し、身を沐浴し、鮮潔の衣をまとい、草座の上にうずくまり、仏舎利尊像がある前、または舎利制底ある所にて、焼香・散華・飯食供養し、白月八日布灑星合する時に請召するとある。
- It also shows that Kenrojishin prepares dojo (place of Buddhist practice or meditation) in the pure place, takes bath, wears the clean clothing, crouches on soza (a seat made of grass), holds the service for shoko (incense offering), sange and meals in front of busshari sonzo (the statue put Buddha's ashes) or in the place with shari seitei, and 請召 in 白月八日布灑星, in beating a bitter enemy and controlling various objections.
- また江戸時代には、対外的には長崎出島での中国・オランダとの交流と対馬藩を介しての李氏朝鮮との交流以外は外国との交流を禁止する鎖国政策を採った(ただし、実際には薩摩に支配された琉球による対明・清交易や渡島半島の松前氏による北方交易が存在した)。
- In the Edo period, as a foreign policy, the shogunate government adopted the national seclusion policy which banned interactions with foreign countries other than those with China and the Netherlands in Dejima island in Nagasaki and Yi Dynasty of Korea through the Tsushima Domain, (although actually Ryukyu under the control of the Satsuma Domain commerced with Ming and Qing, and the Matsumae clan in Oshima Peninsula traded with the Ainu).
- 中国や朝鮮での風水における四神相応は、背後に山、前方に海、湖沼、河川の水(すい)が配置されている背山臨水の地を、左右から砂(さ)と呼ばれる丘陵もしくは背後の山よりも低い山で囲むことで蔵風聚水(風を蓄え水を集める)の形態となっているものをいう。
- Shijin-so-o topography in the feng shui of China and Korea indicates the form of Zofujusui (storing wind and collecting water) in which the terrain is enclosed by having tall mountains at the back (Haizan-Rinsui), a lake, river, or sea in the front (Sui), and smaller hills or mountains (Sa) on both sides.
- 江戸時代末期・明治時代の開国による外交関係の樹立から大陸情勢への関係が不回避となると、当時の武将達が三韓征伐を想起したように、秀吉の朝鮮出兵もクローズ・アップされるようになり、大陸への進出は豊臣秀吉公の遺志を継ぐ行いだと考えるものも多くなった。
- When involvement in situations in the continent became inevitable as a result of the establishment of diplomatic relationships by opening Japan in the last days of the Edo and the Meiji periods, same as commanders at the time of war were reminded of sankan-seibatsu (the conquest of three countries in old Korea), dispatch of troops by Hideyoshi came to be closed up and many came to consider advancing into the continent was conduct following Hideyoshi's wishes.
- 先述のように現実の社会矛盾が取り繕われ隠蔽されたなかで天皇が多額の公費により巡幸を行っていることを悲しむとともに、米軍占領下での再軍備や朝鮮戦争が進行していた当時の情勢を踏まえ、日本が戦争に巻き込まれそうになった時の対応などを問うものであった。
- In this letter, students expressed sadness for the Emperor's tour on the ground that it was done using a big amount of tax money while social problems were being glossed over and concealed, and based on the situation at the time where Japan's re-militarization was in progress under U.S. occupation and the Korean War was becoming serious, they asked about Japan's attitude if it was on the verge of being dragged into the war.
- ところが、台湾出兵の発生と大院君の失脚によって征韓を視野に入れた朝鮮遣使論は下火となり、代わりに純粋な外交による国交回復のための特使として外務省の担当官であった森山茂(後に外務少丞)が倭館に派遣され、朝鮮政府代表との交渉が行われることとなった。
- However, the debate to dispatch an envoy to Korea with a view of subjugation of the Korea died down due to the occurrence of the Taiwan expedition and the downfall of Daewongun, instead, an official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Shigeru MORIYAMA (Later became Gaimu shojo who's post at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) was dispatched to Wakan (consular office) as a special envoy for restoring relations by pure diplomacy, and started to negotiate with the representatives of Korean government.
- この間、百済滅亡によって亡命してきた百済人や、仏教の僧侶など大なり小なりユーラシア大陸や朝鮮半島から海を渡ってきた人々(渡来人または帰化人)もいたが、それぞれ少数であったために大和民族に統合・同化され、国内での大和民族の優位性は変わらなかった。
- During this time, there were people who came from the Eurasian Continent or the Korean Peninsula by sea, such as the Paekche people in exile due to the collapse of Kudara (Paekche) and Buddhist monks, however, they were minorities and assimilated with the Yamato race, having no effect on the predominance of the Yamato race.
- ここで交渉は再開されるはずであったが、1872年(明治5年)5月外務省官吏・相良正樹は、交渉が進展しない事にしびれを切らし、それまで外出を禁じられていた草梁倭館(対馬藩の朝鮮駐在事務所)を出て、東莱府へ出向き、府使との会見を求めた(倭館欄出)。
- On this occasion, the negotiation was going to be reopened, but 相良正樹, the government official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, lost his patience because the negotiation was not proceeded at all, so he went to Toraifu, although he was prohibited to go out of Choryang-dong Wakan (the residence office of the Tsushima clan), and he demanded to meet with an ambassador of Toraifu in May of 1872 (go out of Wakan).
- 新井としては、「征夷大将軍」は日本国内でこそ威権があるが海外では何を意味するのかが不明であり、大君の称も朝鮮では王子の嫡子に対する称号として用いられていたため、この際、足利時代にも一度国書で使用された「国王」に変更すべきであるというものであった。
- Although Seitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) had authority in Japan, the role of Seitaishogun was unclear in abroad and also, the title of Tycoon was used for heir of prince in Korea, so Arai proposed to change the address to 'King' that was used in sovereign's message in the Ashikaga period.
- 外地郵便貯金・外地郵便為替・外地郵便振替貯金...朝鮮、台湾、関東州、樺太、千島列島、南洋群島、小笠原諸島、火山列島、硫黄鳥島、伊平屋村及び北緯27度以南の南西諸島(大東諸島を含む)にあった郵便局で扱われたもの(軍事郵便貯金等特別処理法第2条)。
- Gaichi postal saving, Gaichi money order, Gaichi money order saving ⋯ Services provided by the postal offices located in Korea, Taiwan, the Kwangtung Leased Territory, Sakhalin, Kurile Islands, the South Sea islands, Ogasawara Islands, Volcano Islands, Iotori Island, Iheya-Village and a part of Nansei Islands located below 27 degrees north latitude including Daito Islands (Article 2 of the Act on Special Treatment of Military Postal Savings, etc.).
- これに対しては幕府内反対派の林家から「国王は天皇を指し、将軍が国王を名乗るべきではなく、無用の改変。平地に波風を立てるもの」、また対馬藩藩儒雨森芳洲から「李氏朝鮮は急激な変革を特に嫌う。再考願いたい」とそれぞれ反論をうけたが結果として実現している。
- The Hayashi family, one of the bakufu members opposing Arai's plan, insisted, 'King means Emperor, therefore, Shogun should not introduce himself as King, this is an useless reform. This only causes a flutter in the dovecotes,' and also Hoshu AMENOMORI, a Confusion scholar in Tsushima domain opposed it saying, 'the Joseon Dynasty doesn't like sudden reformation. Please reconsider,' but as a result, the changes were implemented.
- 当時の政府は、外国人顧問から聴いた母国の植民地法制を参考にしつつ、日本の領域 (国家)たる外地(南樺太、台湾、朝鮮)には憲法の効力が及ぶのに対し、日本の領土ではない外地(関東州、南洋群島)には憲法の効力が及ばないという考え方を前提にして、統治方針を決めた。
- The government consulted foreign advisors and, referring to the legislation systems of the advisors' home coutries, established a governing policy based on the premise that the Constitution should be in force in Gaichi which were included in Japan's territories (Southern Sakhalin, Taiwan, and Korea) and should not be in force in Gaichi which were not included in Japan's territories (the Kwantung Leased Territory and the South Sea Islands).
- 弥生時代初期とされる青銅器の鉛同位体を測定すると、殷(商)・周(西周)時代の青銅器と鉛同位体の比率などがほぼ一致しており、この鉛は他の地域時代にて青銅器として見られることがないため、中国大陸や朝鮮半島から流入した青銅器等を鋳直して作成されたとする説がある。
- There is a theory that dotaku were made by recasting bronze wares imported from mainland China and the Korean Peninsula because a measurement of lead isotope ratio shows nearly same values between bronze wares presumably made in the early Yayoi period and those produced in the Yin (Shang) dynasty and Zhou (Western Zhou) dynasty and also because no bronze wares composed of such lead are seen in other areas or eras.
- 朝鮮における壬午事変・甲申政変や清の戊戌の変法の失敗、長続きしなかったイランのイラン立憲革命やロシア帝国のセルゲイ・ヴィッテ改革、ピョートル・ストルイピン改革などが典型である(朝鮮の改革運動については金玉均など、清の改革については光緒帝、黄遵憲なども参照)。
- The examples of unsuccessful reforms are as follows: the Imo Incident and the Gapsin Corp in Korea; the Hundred Days' Reform in Qing; the Persian Constitutional Revolution in Iran; and the Reform of Sergei Witte and the Reform of Pyotr Stlypin in Russian empire (Regarding the movement of the reforms in Korea, refer to the article of 'Kim Ok-gyun,' and regarding the reforms in Qing, refer to the articles of 'Guangxu Emperor' and 'Huang Zunxian').
- 朝鮮側がこの条項になんら抵抗を示していないのは、先に述べたように国際法についての無関心からくるのであるが、それ以外に江戸時代の対馬藩との往来の頃には民事案件であろうと刑事のものであろうと、日本人犯罪者は倭館の日本人責任者に引き渡していた慣例があったためである。
- One reason why Korea did not resist this provision was that they were indifferent to international law, as described before, but there was another reason that during the Edo period when they traded with the Tsushima clan, traditionally the criminals were given over to the Japanese in charge in the Japanese consular office, no matter whether it was a civil or criminal case.
- 憲法学者・行政法学者であった美濃部達吉は、「法律上の意義に於ての殖民地」を「国家の統治区域の一部にして内地と原則として国法を異にし」たものと定義し、「朝鮮、台湾、樺太、関東州及南洋群島が此の意義において植民地なることは疑いを容れず」と述べている(『憲法撮要』)。
- Tatsukichi MINOBE, a scholar of constitutional law and administrative law, defined 'colonies in the legal aspect'as 'a part of the national territories where different state laws were adopted' and stated, 'it was positive that Korea, Taiwan, Sakhalin, the Kwantung Leased Territory and the South Sea Islands were considered as colonies based on the above definition' ('Abstract of the Constitution').
- 島津家がこの泗川の戦いで明軍を撃退して味方の組織的な撤退を可能にしたこと、また直後の露梁海戦で小西軍の脱出を可能にした(その際に、朝鮮水軍大将李舜臣を討取った)という功績は五大老達から高く評価されており、島津家は文禄・慶長の役に参加した諸大名で唯一の加増に預かった。
- Gotairo (Council of Five Elders) highly regarded the fine deeds of the Shimazu family, who defeated the Ming army and permitted the systematic retreat of its allies and assisted an escape of the Konishi army in the Battle of Noryang (they killed Korean Marine General Yi Sun-sin in the process) which occurred soon after, and the Shimazu family was the only one that was awarded with the estate among various daimyo that participated in the Bunroku-Keicho War.
- 19世紀、欧米列強のアジア侵略に対抗するため、清朝は、朝鮮やベトナム、琉球などの冊封国を保護国あるいは併合することによって中国皇帝を中心としたアジアの伝統的な国際関係をそのまま近代的国際関係へと移行させて清の地位と影響力を保持しようとし、冊封国に対して保護国化を強めた。
- In the 19 century, in order to resist the invasion of the western powers in Asia, the Qing dynasty tried to shift the traditional international relationships in Asia to the modern ones with the Qing emperor in the center intactly to maintain the influential status by means of changing the subordinate countries under the tributary system, such as Korea, Vietnam and Ryukyu, to protected states, or merging them, thus promoted to make its subordinate countries protectorates.
- この年代は信頼が置けないが、この頃の書紀の記述は丁度干支二巡分(120年)年代が繰り上げられているとされており、訂正すると372年となって制作年の太和四年(369年)と符合することから、朝鮮の史書『三国史記』には記述がないものの、書紀の記述はこの剣を指していると考えられる。
- This date is not reliable, but the date in Nihonshoki around this period is said to have moved up 120 years, and if it is corrected, the year becomes 372, which corresponds to the year of creation (369), therefore it is considered that the description in Nihonshoki refers to this sword, though there is no description in 'Samguk Sagi,' a history book of Korea.
- 日本民族への教化政策であると同時に、版図内の諸民族(朝鮮人、台湾人、南洋群島島民など外地の住民や大東亜戦争時の占領地である東南アジアの先住諸民族、また稀にアイヌや琉球人など内地に住むものもこの範疇にいれる場合がある)に対して行われた強制的な同化政策・教化政策とも言われている。
- It is said to be an edification policy for the Japanese race as well as a mandatory assimilationism and edification policy for peoples within the territories as shown in the figure (residents in foreign parts such as Koreans, Taiwanese, and the South Sea Islands residents as well as aboriginal people in South East Asia who lived in territories during the Greater East Asian War, and in rare cases, the Ainu tribe and Ryukyu [currently known as Okinawa], who lived within Japan).
- 李氏朝鮮との国交問題が暗礁に乗り上げている中、朝鮮の宗主国である清との国交締結を優先にすべきとの考えから1870年7月27日(明治3年6月29日 (旧暦))柳原前光・花房義質を派遣して予備交渉を行い、次いで正規の大使として伊達が送られ、副使となった柳原とともに詰めの交渉を行った。
- While the issue on the diplomatic relations with Joseon Dynasty was stranded on a reef, Japan considered that the diplomatic relations with Qing which was a suzerain power of Korea should be concluded in priority to that, therefore, Sakimitsu YANAGIWARA and Yoshimoto HANABUSA were sent for the preliminary negotiations on July 27, 1870, followed by Date, a legitimate commander-in-chief, who led the negotiations to the final conclusions along with above mentioned Yanagiwara who had been appointed as a vice commander prior to it.
- 韓日併合の目的を達成した一進会は、その後、韓国統監府が朝鮮内の政治的混乱を収拾するために朝鮮の政治結社を全面的に禁止したため、解散費用15万円を与えられ、他の政治結社と同様に解散したが、一進会を率いた宋秉畯らは朝鮮総督府中枢院顧問となり合併後の朝鮮の政治にも大きく影響を与え続けた。
- After Isshinkai accomplished the annexation between Korea and Japan, Kankoku Tokan-fu (South Korea Protection Agency) entirely forbade making any political association in Korea in order to suppress the political confusion in Korea, so they were compelled to dismiss as the other political associations did in exchange of 150 thousand yen given as dissolution allowance, but Song Byung-joon and others who had been leading Isshinkai assumed office as adviser of Chusuin (a government office in Korea) of Chosen Sotoku-fu (Governor-General of Korea) and kept affecting on the Korean politics after the annexation.
- なぜなら、朝鮮との国交問題そのものは未解決であること、伊地知正治のように征韓派でも政府に残留した者も存在すること、そして天皇の勅裁には朝鮮遣使を「中止」するとは書かれず、単に「延期」するとなっており、その理由も当時もっとも紛糾していたロシアとの問題のみを理由として掲げていたからである。
- Because, the issue of diplomatic relations itself with Korea was unsolved, and there's a remains existence who was a Seikan-ha (supporters for subjugation of the Korea) like Masaharu IJICHI, and, in the imperial decision made by the emperor, it wasn't mentioned to 'cancel' dispatching an envoy to Korea, but simply said to 'postpone' it, and the reason they stated was only the problem with Russia that has been the most tangled at that time.
- やがて広大な領土支配のため北部と西部方面の辺境地域を藩部とし南のネパール、ビルマ、シャム、越南(ベトナム)、東の朝鮮及び琉球(なお琉球は日本側とも冊封関係にあった)を冊封して清を中心とする国際秩序をアジアに構築、北辺ではシベリアに進出したロシア帝国との間に条約を締結して国境を漸次確定した。
- The dynasty soon established an international order in Asia with Qing as the center by joining northern and western remote regions as its provinces and had its vassal system with Nepal, Burma, Siam, and Vietnam in the south and Korea and Ryukyu Islands (although ryukyu had also a peerage relationship with Japan) in the east, and temporarily defined its northern border by concluding a treaty with the Russian Empire that had advanced into Siberia.
- しかし、対等合併論自体は日本の朝鮮併合論(朝鮮が日本に従属し、主権を放棄する形で植民地となる。)とは明らかに異なり、寧ろ併合後の日本が一進会すらも用済みとして切捨て、植民地統治を開始したことを踏まえて、「一進会もまた犠牲者であり、必ずしも責められるべき点ばかりではなかった」とする同情的意見も強い。
- But the theory as to the equal consolidation itself was clearly different from that of Japan's annexation of Korea (Korea is supposed to depend on Japan and be colonized abandonning their sovereignty), rather, taking into account the fact that Japan cut off even Isshinkai as a worn-out after the annexation and launched the colonial domination, many of the researchers also have a sympathy that 'Isshinkai is also one of victims and what they did is not necessarily accusable'.
- 近年注目されるミトコンドリアDNA研究によると、縄文人も弥生人もどちらも北東アジア(中国、シベリア、ブリヤート人、朝鮮半島)に類似したデオキシリボ核酸が多く分布しており、縄文人を南方系、弥生人を北方系とする埴原和郎の二重構造説は疑問視されてはいるが、日本民族が多重構造であること自体は肯定的な意見が強い。
- According to recent mitochondrial DNA research, both the Jomon people and Yayoi people have DNA resembling that of the people of North East Asia (China, Siberia, Buryat and Korean), casting doubt on the multiple structure theory of Kazuro HANIWARA, which purported the Jomon people to be a southern lineage and Yayoi people a northern lineage, though it confirms the multiple structure theory of the Japanese race itself.
- このため、日本の大名、商人らが朝鮮に通交する者が急増したが、彼らの中には交易に不都合があると倭寇に変貌するような者もいたので、朝鮮政府は1407年頃国防上の見地から興利倭船の入港地を慶尚左道都万戸所在地の東莱県富山浦(現在の釜山広域市)と慶尚右道都万戸所在地の金海府乃而浦(現在の慶尚南道鎮海市)に限定した。
- Therefore, the number of Japanese daimyo (feudal lord) and merchants trading with Korea rapidly increased, but because some of them turned into wako (Japanese pirates) once they found unfavorable terms of trade, the Korean government eventually restricted the port of entry for koriwasen (ship for trading with Korea) only to Busanpo, Tongne Prefecture (present Busan Metropolitan City), the location where Local naval officer of Gyeongsang left-sided Prefecture was, and, Naijiho, Jinhae Prefecture (present, Jinhae City, Gyeongsang-namdo Prefecture), the location where Local naval officer of Gyeongsang right-sided Prefecture was, around 1407.
- さらに朝鮮に対する基本姿勢として、三条はこの江華島事件に対して「相応なる賠償を求む」べきとしながら、使節団の目的を「我主意の注ぐ所は、交を続くに在るを以て、・・・和約を結ぶことを主とし、彼能我が和交を修め、貿易を広むるの求に従ひときは、即此を以て雲揚 (軍艦)の賠償と看做し、承諾すること」だと述べていた(強調、加筆者)。
- Furthermore, as a basic attitude towards Korea, Sanjo considered 'Japan should require suitable compensation,' while stating about the purpose of the envoy 'the main objective is to continue the negotiation, then conclude a treaty of peace, when they conclude the peace treaty and obey the demand to expand trading, we should regard this attitude as compensation for the battle ship and accept it' (emphasized and amended by the writer).
- 金完燮の『親日派のための弁明』(2002)では、一進会の運動を、李氏朝鮮政府の圧政をはねのけようとする農民階級(東学党→進歩会)と、支配階級出身で朝鮮の近代化をめざす改革派知識人グループ(維新会)、そして朝鮮近代化を支援することで「攻撃的な防御」を確保しようとする日本、の3つの改革勢力が結集されたものとして高く評価している。
- In 'Explanation for the sake of pro-Japan' by Kim Wansop (2002), the author highly evaluated the Isshinkai's movement, comparing their movment with a concentration of three revolutionary powers consisted of peasants who tried to reject the oppression of Joseon Dynasty Government (Togaku-to => Shinpo-kai), the group consisted of revolutionary intellectuals from governing class aimed at modernization of Korea (Ishin-kai) and Japan which tried to secure the 'aggressive protection' by supporting the modernization of Korea.
- 大久保ら岩倉使節団の外遊組帰国以前の8月17日、一度は閣議で西郷を朝鮮へ全権大使として派遣することが決まったが、翌日この案を上奏された明治天皇は「外遊組帰国まで国家に関わる重要案件は決定しない」という取り決めを基に岩倉具視が帰国するまで待ち、岩倉と熟議した上で再度上奏するようにと、西郷派遣案を却下している(岩倉の帰国は9月17日)。
- Prior to the homecoming of the official travel group of Iwakura Mission including OKUBO, on the August 17, dispatch of SAIGO to the Korea as an ambassador plenipotentiary was once approved in a Cabinet meeting, but when the Emperor Meiji received a report of the proposal on the next day he rejected the SAIGO's dispatch plan based on the agreement that 'won't decide important matters related to the country until the official travel group's homecoming', and asked them to wait for homecoming of Tomomi IWAKURA, and report it again after deep deliberation with IWAKURA (IWAKURA comes home on September 17).
- 日露戦争(にちろせんそう、露語 ルースカ・イポーンスカヤ・ヴァイナー、1904年(明治37年)2月6日 - 1905年(明治38年)9月5日)は、大日本帝国とロシア帝国(ロシアと同盟していたモンテネグロ(当時はモンテネグロ公国)も宣戦布告するも、実際の戦闘には参加せず)との間で朝鮮半島と満州(中国東北部)南部を主戦場として発生した戦争である。
- The Russo-Japanese War (Русско-японская война in Russian, February 6, 1904 - September 5, 1905) was a war which broke out between the Great Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire (Although Montenegro, [Then known as the Principate of Montenegro] which was in an alliance with Russia declared war against Japan, it did not participate battle.) and was primarily fought on the Korean Peninsula and southern Manchuria (northeastern China).
- 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国・大韓民国では文禄の役を壬辰倭乱(じんしんわらん、、イムジンウェラン、戦役総称として使う場合もあり)、慶長の役を丁酉倭乱(ていゆうわらん、、チョンユウェラン)または丁酉再乱(ていゆうさいらん、、チョンユヂェラン)と呼んでいる(北朝鮮では壬辰祖国戦争(じんしんそこくせんそう、、イムジンチョグクチョンジェン)と呼ばれる場合もある)。
- In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea, the Bunroku War is called Imjin Waeran (It is also used as the generic name of the Wars), and the Keicho War is called Chonyu Ueran or Chonyu Jeran (In the North Korea, in certain cases it is also called Imjin chogukuchonjen).
- 織田信長、伊達政宗、大友義鎮ほか有力大名の海外との通商、豊臣秀吉の南蛮貿易により南蛮酒として古酒(くーす)と称される琉球泡盛や、桑酒、生姜酒、黄精酒(おうせいしゅ)、八珍酒、長命酒、忍冬酒(にんどうしゅ)、地黄酒(じおうしゅ)、五加皮酒(うこぎしゅ)、豆淋酒(とうりんしゅ)などなどの中国・朝鮮の珍酒や薬草酒、さらにヨーロッパからのワインも入ってきた。
- Ryukyu Awamori, which was called kusu (old awamori) as nanbanshu, unique liquors and herb liquors from China and Korea such as kuwazake (rice wine with mulberry), rice wine with ginger, oseishu (rice wine with Japanese Solomon's seal), hatchinshu (Eight unique sake), chomeishu (Longevity sake), nindoshu (Lonicera sake), jioshu (Rehmannia root sake), ukogishu (Siberian Ginseng sake) and torinshu (black soybean sake), as well as wine from Europe were imported through overseas trade by powerful Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) such as Nobunaga ODA, Masamune DATE, and Yoshishige OTOMO, and the trade with countries in South Seas mainly Spain and Portugal by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 1260年にモンゴル帝国の第5代皇帝(ハーン、ハーン)に即位した後のいわゆる「元 (王朝)」(大元ウルス、大元朝、元朝)の皇帝クビライは、1268年(日本の文永5年・大元朝の至元 (元世祖)5年)に第2代皇帝オゴデイ以来の懸案であった南宋攻略を開始する一方、既に服属していた朝鮮半島の高麗を通じて、1266年に日本に初めて通交を求める使者を送ろうとしていた。
- Kublai, who in 1260 became the fifth emperor (Khan) of the Mongol Empire that was later called 'Yuan' (the Great Yuan Ulus, Great Yuan Dynasty or Yuan Dynasty), in 1266 planned to send the first envoys to establish diplomatic relations with Japan, through Goryeo in the Korean peninsula, which had already become its subject, while starting to conquer the Southern Sung Dynasty in 1268, which had been its long-standing aim since the reign of the second emperor Ogodei.
- 容易に李氏朝鮮の首都である漢城が陥落すると、日本の諸将は5月に漢城にて軍議を開き、各方面軍による八道国割と呼ばれる制圧目標を決めた(平安道から一番隊小西行長他、咸鏡道から二番隊加藤清正他、黄海道から三番隊黒田長政他、江原道から四番隊毛利吉成他、忠清道から五番隊福島正則他、全羅道から六番隊小早川隆景他、慶尚道から七番隊毛利輝元他、京畿道から八番隊宇喜多秀家他)。
- After Hancheong, which had been the capital of Yi Dynasty Korea, fell easily, Japanese commanders held a war council in June in Hancheong and determined targets of subjugation called Hachidokuniwari (literally, dividing the country into eight routes) by each corps (the First Division of Yukinaga KONISHI and others from Pyeongan Province, the Second Division of Kiyomasa KATO and others from Hangyong Province, the Third Division of Nagamasa KURODA and others from Hwanghae Province, the Forth Division of Yoshinari MORI and others from Gangwon Province; the Fifth Division of Masanori FUKUSHIMA and others from Chungcheong Province; the Sixth Division by Takakage KOBAYAKAWA and others from Jeolla Province, the Seventh Division by Terumoto MORI and others from Gyeongsang Province, and the Eighth Division of Hideie UKITA and others from Gyeonggi Province).
- 国際連盟事務局からの海外領土等の名称及び順序に関する照会に対し、外務省は1930年8月、朝鮮(英語:Chosen)・台湾(英称:Taiwan)・樺太(英称:Karafuto)・関東州租借地(英称:The leased Territory of Kwantung)・日本国委任統治南洋群島(英称:The South Sea Islands under Japanese Mandate)と回答している。
- In response to an inquiry about the names and rank orders of the overseas territories from the Office of League of Nations, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that Korea (English name: Chosen), Taiwan (English name: Taiwan), Sakhalin (English name: Karafuto), The Kwantung Leased Territory (English name: The leased Territory of Kwantung), and the South Sea Islands Mandate (English name: The South Sea Islands under Japanese Mandate) were the overseas territories.
- 日本は日露戦争中である1904年の第一次日韓協約締結により韓国の財政・外交に対し関与する立場となっていたが、日露戦争の講和条約であるポーツマス条約(1905年9月5日)により韓国に対する優越権をロシアから承認され、また高宗 (朝鮮王)が他の国に第一次日韓協約への不満を表す密使を送っていたことが問題となったこともあり、日本からの信頼を無くしていた大韓帝国に対し、より信頼できる行動をとることを求めるため、この協約を結ぶこととなった。
- Although Japan was in the position to take part in Korean finance and diplomacy due to the conclusion of the First Japan-Korea Treaty in 1904 during the Russo-Japanese War, she decided to conclude this treaty in order to required the Korean Empire, who had lost trust from Japan, to take more reliable actions, because Japan had been approved of the priority rights over Korea by Russia due to the Treaty of Portsmouth (September 5, 1905), the peace treaty of the Russo-Japanese War, and also because it became a problem that Gao Zong (King of Korea) had sent a secret agent to other countries to show his discontent with the First Japan-Korea Treaty.
- 朝鮮併合がなった際、初代総督寺内正毅は『小早川、加藤、小西が世にあれば、今宵の月をいかにみるらむ(秀吉公の朝鮮征伐に参加された小早川・加藤・小西の諸将が今生きていれば、朝鮮を日本のものとしたこの夜の月をどのような気持ちでみられるだろうか)』と歌を詠み、外務部長だった小松緑はこれに返歌して、『太閤を地下より起こし見せばやな高麗(こま)やま高くのぼる日の丸(太閤殿下を蘇らせ見せ申し上げたいものだ、朝鮮の山々に高く翻る日の丸を)』と歌い、共に太閤の成し得なかった朝鮮の編入が成功したことを喜んだ。
- When annexation of Korea was completed, Masatake TERAUCHI who was the first Governor-General of Korea, composed a waka, 'If Kobayakawa, Kato, and Konishi were alive, how would they look the moon of tonight' (If Kobayakawa, Kato, and Konishi, who were commanders took part in the war by Hideyoshi to conquer Korea were still alive, how would they look at the moon of tonight after obtaining Korea for Japan) and Midori KOMATSU who was the secretary of foreign affairs, composed in reply to it 'I would like to awake Taiko (Hideyoshi) from the underground and make him look at Hinomaru (national flag of Japan) above the mountains of Korea' (I would like to revive Taiko and show him Hinomaru flaunting above mountains of Korea) and they were delighted at success to annex of Korea which Hideyoshi could not achieve.
- 大久保は、説得に大院君が耳を貸すとは思えず西郷が朝鮮に行った場合必ず殺される(殺されずとも大院君が使節を拒否した場合は開戦の大義名分になってしまう)、そうなった場合結果的に朝鮮と開戦してしまうのではないかという危機感、当時の日本には朝鮮や清、ひいてはロシアとの関係が険悪になる(その帰結として戦争を遂行する)だけの国力が備わっていないという戦略的判断、外遊組との約束を無視し、危険な外交的博打に手を染めようとしている残留組に対する感情的反発、朝鮮半島問題よりも先に片付けるべき外交案件が存在するという日本の国際的立場(清との琉球帰属問題(台湾出兵参照)、ロシアとの樺太、千島列島の領有権問題、イギリスとの小笠原諸島領有権問題、不平等条約改正)などから猛烈に反対、費用の問題なども絡めて征韓の不利を説き延期を訴えた。
- OKUBO didn't think Daewongun lend an ear to persuasion, and thought SAIGO will be killed (even if he won't be killed, if Daewongun rejected the envoy, it can be a legitimate reason for outbreak of war) inevitably when he went to Korea, and he felt a sense of danger that they will start the war with Korea as a result, and his strategic decision that Japan doesn't have national strength at that time to strain the relationship (as a result, wage a war) with Korea, Qing, and eventually Russia, an emotional backlash to the remaining group that ignored agreement and about to dabble in diplomatic gambling, he strongly opposed because of the presence of a diplomatic matters (Ryukyu attribution issue with Qing [see the Taiwan expedition], territorial right problem on Sakhalin and Kurile Islands with Russia, territorial right problem on Ogasawara Islands [Bonin Islands] with England, revision of the unequal treaty) that must be dealt with before Korean Peninsula problem on Japanese international standing, and he correlated it with expenses etc and appealed postponement by telling disadvantage of subjugation of Korea.
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