首: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- がん首
- head of a pipe, incl. the bowl and stem attachment
- neck
- goose-neck
- 首の伝説
- Legends of the Gibbetted Head
- Legends of the Gibbeted Head
- 日本の首都
- The Capital of Japan
- 全国の首塚
- Kubizuka across Japan
- 主な首長墓
- Main tombs of Shucho
- 老中首座。
- He was promoted to roju shuza.
- 隼人塚、凶首塚
- Hayato-zaka Burial Mound and Kyoshu-zuka Burial Mound
- 首都機能の移転
- Transferring of the functions of the capital
- 軽皇子首謀者説
- The theory of Prince Karu being the ringleader
- 多様な首都の認識
- Cognition of a Capital in Various Ways
- - 首席で卒業。
- She graduated at the top of her class from the school.
- 辞典による日本の首都
- Capital of Japan defined by dictionaries
- 中綬を首に佩用する。
- The Neck Ribbon is worn around the neck.
- (首都建設法の廃止)
- (abolition of national capital construction law)
- 足利三代木像梟首事件
- The incident of Ashikaga-sandai mokuzo kyoshu
- 首は粟田口に晒した。
- His head was on public display at Kuritaguchi.
- 斬首の後、水戸にて梟首
- Beheaded and the severed head was exposed in Mito
- 青色ゴム乳首様母斑症候群
- blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome
- つづいて首の名字をいう。
- Continuing on, the surname of the head was announced.
- 満祐は快く首を返還した。
- Mitsusuke gave back the head quite readily.
- 首塚:崇禅寺 (大阪市)
- Kubizuka, tomb of his severed head: Sozen-ji Temple (Osaka City)
- 5代目の頭首として登場。
- In this story, Hanzo HATTORI appeared as the fifth head.
- 太く短い首、福々しい顔。
- He had a thick and short neck and a round face.
- 副総理(副党首)になる。
- He became the Deputy Prime Minister.
- 一部の地域首長古墳が巨大化
- Shucho Kofun mounds of enormous size were built in the some parts or regions in Japan.
- 首札は、もとは木札だった。
- Kubi-fuda tag (paper tags identifying the head) were originally made of wood.
- 首は一目で、二目とは見ない。
- The severed head was to be viewed with one eye; not both eyes.
- そこで首を又一つ取りました。
- We cut another person's head off there.
- 現在でいう首都圏と同義である。
- Kinai possessed the same meaning as the national capital region at the present time.
- 浅利勝頼の首塚秋田県能代市檜山
- Kubizuka of Katsuyori ASARI: located at Hiyama, Noshiro City, Akita Prefecture.
- 約三百首の和歌が含まれている。
- It includes about 300 poems.
- 公事五十番歌合・公事百首とも。
- It is also called Kujigojuban Utaawase or Kuji Hyakushu.
- 長男・鳩山一郎(政治家、首相)
- Eldest son: Ichiro HATOYAMA (a statesman, Prime Minister)
- 寺では首塚を作り手厚く弔った。
- At the temple, a kubizuka (tomb for the head) was made, and Nobutaka was given proper mourning.
- 頼信は忠常の首をはねて帰京した。
- Nobuyori beheaded Tadatsune and returned to Kyoto.
- 首都機能・武家政権に注目したもの
- The view paying attention to the function of capital and samurai (militarist) government.
- 首謀者5名は大磯宿で斬罪の酷刑。
- The five ringleaders received capital punishment of decapitation in Oiso-juku.
- これが終って首を北の方へ捨てる。
- Once this had finished the head was disposed of in a Northerly direction.
- 首実検を乞う者もまた同じである。
- Persons asking to view the severed head wore the same.
- 伽耶初代王首露王の子孫と称する。
- They claim themselves as the descendants of King Suro-wang, the first king of Gaya.
- 臣(しん)は、漢字の部首の一つ。
- Shin (臣) refers to one of the radicals of Chinese character.
- 次期首相奏薦に伴う重臣会議の出席者
- The List of Attendees for the Senior Statesmen's Conferences for Recommending the Next Prime Ministers to the Emperor
- 蘇我入鹿の首塚奈良県高市郡明日香村
- Kubizuka of SOGA no Iruka: located at Asuka-mura, Takaichi-gun, Nara Prefecture.
- 帰るときは首を台にのせて持ち退く。
- When returned, the head was placed on the tray and taken away.
- その首は京の六条河原でさらされた。
- His head was put on public display at Kyoto's Rokujo-gawara riverbed.
- 先ほどの首を持って内へ入りました。
- We brought the severed head in.
- 討ち取った明人の首は3万余とある。
- They beheaded thirty thousand Ming people.
- 首塚は京都市東山区の法観寺にある。
- Yoshinaka's head mound is in Hokan-ji Temple in Higashiyama Ward in Kyoto City.
- 首塚(参考):安国寺 注;兵庫県。
- (Reference) Kubizuka: Ankoku-ji Temple, note: Hyogo Prefecture
- 静岡県富士市の源立寺に首塚がある。
- Kubizuka (tomb of the head) of Ujimasa is now found in Genryu-ji Temple of Fuji City, Shizuoka Prefecture.
- 松平信康の首塚愛知県岡崎市朝日町森畔
- Kubizuka of Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA: located at Moriguro, Asahi-cho, Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture.
- 近藤勇の首塚愛知県岡崎市本宿 法蔵寺
- Kubizuka of Isami KONDO: located at Hozo-ji Temple, Motojuku, Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture.
- 首が落ちるのを怖がっていられぬ」)。
- I am not afraid of my head being cut off.')
- 皇居の所在地(=首都とする説)の変遷
- Change of the Imperial Palace Address (= View that the Imperial Palace Address is the national capital region)
- 肩衣袴のときは太刀をもち、首を見る。
- When wearing formal samurai kimono, a long sword was worn when viewing a head.
- 渡辺崋山は逮捕、高野長英は自首した。
- Kazan WATANABE was arrested and Choei TAKANO surrendered himself to the police.
- 将門の首は京にもたらされ梟首とされた。
- Masakado's severed head was brought to Kyoto, where it was exposed to the public.
- 首謀者の黄巣も元々塩の密売人であった。
- The leader of the war, Chao HUANG, was originally a trafficker of salt.
- 首都建設法(昭和25年法律第219号)
- Capital Construction Law (Law No. 219, 1950)
- その首は平安京へ運ばれ、晒し首となる。
- His head was transported to Heian-kyo, and it was put on public display.
- 愛国百人一首にもとられており、名高い。
- His poem became famous and was selected for the Aikoku Hyakunin Isshu.
- さあ、斬れ」と答えて義平は斬首された。
- Kill me now.' Yoshihira was then decapitated.
- 死後、利休の首は一条戻橋で梟首された。
- After his death, Rikyu's head was hung at the Ichijo Modori-bashi Bridge.
- そのため、一同はその地に首を埋葬した。
- Therefore, the team buried the head then and there.
- 画像-21:『百人一首之内 山部赤人』
- Picture-21 'Hyakunin-Isshu no Uchi YAMABE no Akihito'
- 首級は塩漬けにされた後、水戸へ送られた。
- The severed head was salt-preserved and sent to Mito.
- 歴代の首長の出身家系は次のとおりである。
- The lineage of the past Emirs are as follows.
- つまり、首謀者のみ絞、従犯は流刑である。
- That is, only the main offender was hanged, and accomplices were banished.
- 5月31日には全羅道首都全州を占領した。
- On May 31, Jeonju, the capital ofJeolla Province was occupied.
- 勅撰和歌集では詞花和歌集に初出(一首)。
- Chosen as the first poem in Shika Wakashu (Waka Collection of Verbal Flowers) of the anthology of waka poems (collected) by Imperial command.
- 結局、後継首相には山本権兵衛が決まった。
- In the end, Gonbei YAMAMOTO was selected to be the succeeding Prime Minister.
- 小牧・長久手の戦いの首塚愛知県長久手町岩作
- Kubizuka for the dead in the Battle of Komaki-Nagakute: located at Yazako, Nagakute-cho, Aichi Prefecture.
- 現代的な複都制については首都複都制を参照。
- Regarding the modren mullti-capital system, refer to Shutohukutosei.
- この時岩永が大尉の喉に匕首を振り下ろした。
- Iwanaga then attempted to slit the throat of the Senior Lieutenant with his short sword.
- 中国の首都(長安)をモデルとした都市である
- It is a city modeled on the capital of China (Changan).
- サアドの首長在位はわずか10日間であった。
- Saad's tenure as Chief was only 10 days.
- 歯を染めてある首には、「お歯黒」をつける。
- When the teeth of a severed head were stained, 'Ohaguro' (black painted teeth) was applied.
- 道三と義龍は義絶し、義龍は父の首を取った。
- Dosan and his son, Yoshitatsu, severed their ties as father and son, and Yoshitatsu killed his father.
- なお、首を討たれた際、鼻も削がれたという。
- It is said that Dosan's nose was also sliced off when he was killed.
- 足利義教の首塚と伝えられる宝篋印塔がある。
- There is a tombstone called the Hokyo-Into that is said to be Yoshinori ASHIKAGA's kubizuka.
- 現在も尚家の子孫は沖縄、首里に健在である。
- Still today the descendants of the Sho family live in Shuri district of Naha City, Okinawa Prefecture.
- 吉良上野介に一番槍をつけ、その首級をあげた。
- He instigated a war against Kira Kozuke no Suke and managed to kill him by decapitation.
- 残りの約50名は捕縛され、一部は斬首された。
- The remaining 50 or so members were captured and some of them were beheaded.
- 鬼の首塚岐阜県可児郡御嵩町中 国道21号沿い
- Kubizuka of Oni (Ogre): located along National Route 21, Mitake-cho Naka, Kani-gun, Gifu Prefecture.
- 天草四郎の首塚(千人塚)熊本県上天草市原城址
- Kubizuka of Amakusa Shiro, (also being referred to as Senninzuka [memorial mound of 1000 people]): located at the ruins of Hara castle in Kami Amakusa City, Kumamoto Prefecture.
- 茨城県笠間市池野辺には天狗党員の首塚がある。
- In Kasama City, Ibaraki Prefecture, there is a Kubizuka (tomb of the head) for Tenguto members.
- 板の裏から表に長い釘を出し、首の切口を刺す。
- A long nail pierced the board from front to back which was pushed into the head at the point the head was severed from the body.
- 第15代 サバーハ(現首長)… ジャービル系
- The fifteenth chief Sabah (current Emir): Jabir line
- 世々、杖刀人の首と為り、奉事し来り今に至る。
- I have served the king as a head of Jotojin (a guard who protected noble men) until today.
- 53人の首は大坂天王寺の阿倍野でさらされた。
- The 53 heads were shown at Abeno in Osaka Tennoji.
- 時の首相犬養毅は辞表を提出するも慰留された。
- Then-prime minister, Tsuyoshi INUKAI, submitted his letter of resignation but was persuaded to stay in office.
- しかも家康と並ぶ五大老の上首の地位であった。
- In addition, he was appointed as Joshu (the head of a group) of Gotairo who was equal to Ieyasu.
- この時、足立の以外にも首級1つを挙げている。
- This time he gained another severed head in addition to that of Adachi.
- 平将門の首塚東京都千代田区大手町 (千代田区)
- Kubizuka of TAIRA no Masakado: located at Ote-machi, Chiyoda-ku (Chiyoda Ward), Tokyo.
- 木曽義仲の首塚(八坂墓)京都市東山安井の法観寺
- Kubizuka of Yoshinaka KISO (also being referred to as Yasaka haka; haka literally means a tomb): located at Hokan-ji Temple, Yasui Higashiyama, Kyoto City.
- 首謀者は、反兼実派の土御門通親と丹後局である。
- The ringleaders were Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO and Tango no tsubone, anti-Kanezane.
- 一方首都長安を防衛する左右羽林軍は六万足らず。
- On the other hand, the Left and the Right Urin (bodyguard) armies that guarded the capital of Changan had less than 60,000 men.
- 時平の死後、弟の藤原忠平が太政官首班となった。
- After Tokihira's death, his younger brother, FUJIWARA no Tadahira, became the chief of Daijokan.
- 初代総理(党首)は大隈重信、副総理は河野敏鎌。
- The first leader of the party was Shigenobu OKUMA, and the deputy was Togama KONO.
- 定家自身の作で「百人一首」に収められているのは
- The following poem composed by Sadaie himself is collected in 'Hyakunin Isshu' (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets).
- その歳三の気迫に圧されて市村は首を縦に振った。
- ICHIMURA was overwhelmed by such strong spirit of Toshizo and agreed to carry out his order.
- 同日後継首相を決めるための元老会議が開かれた。
- On the same day, a council of Genro was held in order to pick the succeeding Prime Minister.
- 義景の首は信長によって、京都で獄門に曝された。
- Nobunaga got Yoshikage's head and exposed it at a prison gate in Kyoto.
- 西郷頼母(会津藩家老。戊辰戦争の際の会津藩首脳)
- Tanomo SAIGO (A Karo officer in the Aizu domain. In Boshin Civil War, he was one of the main figures from the Aizu domain.)
- 5月2日:時村討手の先登の者十二人首を刎ねらる。
- May 2: The twelve leading persons concerned with killing Tokimura were decapitated.
- 征韓論をめぐる明治六年政変で政府首脳が分裂した。
- The political upheaval of 1873 caused by the Seikanron (subjugation of Korea) debate brought in a schism between government leaders.
- 義民(ぎみん)とは、飢饉などの際の一揆の首謀者。
- Gimin is a ringleader of uprising during a famine and the like.
- 京職(きょうしき)は律令制における首都行政機関。
- Kyoshiki refers to a capital administrative agency in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- ただ高時の首塚を伝えるやぐらは、各所に存在する。
- However, caves that are said to be Kubi-zuka (a burial mound for a head) for Takatoki HOJO exists in various places.
- 行器に入れる首は朝敵の首または一門の首にかぎる。
- Food containers were only used for heads of emperor's enemies or heads of kin.
- 近藤勇:1868年4月25日、官軍によって斬首。
- Isami KONDO: Beheaded April 25, 1868 by the government army
- 義朝と正家の首は、正月9日京都で獄門に晒された。
- The heads of Yoshitomo and Masaie were put on display at the prison gate in Kyoto on February 24, 1160.
- 10月1日、家康の命により六条河原で斬首された。
- On October 1, he was decapitated at Rokujo-gawara, the place of execution, by order of Ieyasu.
- 『新勅撰和歌集』以下の勅撰集に11首が入集する。
- From his poems, eleven were selected for inclusion in various Imperial anthologies of waka poems, such as, 'Shin Chokusen Wakashu' (New Imperial Collection).
- 『新古今和歌集』以下の勅撰和歌集に36首が採録。
- His thirty six poems were adopted in 'Shin Kokin Waka Shu' and other Imperial anthologies of Japanese poetry.
- まずは大切な家人の政清を助け、景安の首をはねた。
- He first saved his valuable retainer Masakiyo, and then beheaded Kageyasu.
- 天保10年(1839年)12月2日 - 老中首座
- December 2, 1839: He was promoted to roju shuza.
- 倭の首都として十分な威容を備えていたと考えられる。
- It can be said that it had sufficient presence as the capital of Wa.
- 首を挿げ替えられた前将軍義材は復権活動に終始する。
- The former Shogun Yoshiki, who was rehabilitated, was preoccupied with the activity for reinstatement.
- 条約を結んでいる各国を訪問し、元首に国書を提出する
- To visit the countries that had a treaty with Japan, and submit the official letters to the heads of these countries.
- 歌人としては『古今和歌集』に30首が入集している。
- As for his career as a poet, he had 30 of his poems selected for 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry).
- 蕃書調所の首席教授に任ぜられ、幕臣に取立てられた。
- Genpo was also appointed as a leading professor of Bansho shirabesho (the Institute for Western Studies) and promoted to the Shogun's direct retainer.
- 父同様、その首が明智方に発見されることはなかった。
- Neither his nor his father's heads were recovered by the Akechi army.
- 吉良上野介の首は潮田又之丞の持つ槍の先に掲げられた。
- Kira Kozuke no Suke's head was placed on the end of Matanojo USHIODA's spear.
- また、国際的にも東京都が日本の首都とみなされている。
- Moreover, Tokyo is also internationally regarded as the Capital of Japan.
- そこで、覚悟して端座して念仏をとなえ首を刎ねられた。
- Tadanori then prepared himself, sat upright, chanted nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation), and was beheaded.
- 後継の首相には海軍大将で薩摩閥の山本権兵衛が就いた。
- The post of the prime minister was taken over by Gonbei YAMAMOTO, who was the navy general and a pillar of the Satsuma clique (the clique formed by the politicians from the former Satsuma Domain).
- 東西の帝都である東京と京都が並立して首都とするもの。
- The view asserting that Kyoto as the imperial capital in west and Tokyo as the one in east are both capitals equally.
- 義親の首は七条河原で検非違使に渡され、梟首となった。
- Yoshichika's head was passed to kebiishi (officials with judicial and police powers) at Shichijogawara and exposed to the public.
- つまり博多湾の近くに倭国の首都があったと考えられる。
- That means the capital of Wakoku was located in the vicinity of Hakata Bay.
- 首長層は弥生時代の墓制墳丘墓に葬られるようになった。
- The chief and upper ranks were buried in a grave mound in the burial system of the Yayoi period.
- 宗盛・清宗父子は京への帰還途上の近江国で斬首された。
- Munemori and his son Kiyomune were beheaded in Omi Province while they were en route back to the capital.
- 郡領にはかつての国造一族などの在地首長が任ぜられた。
- Local heads such as family members of kuni no miyatsuko were appointed as gunryo.
- 夕日が中村平野を染める前に首実検を行えたほどである。
- They even carried out kubijikken (identifying of severed heads) before the sun had set over the Nakamura Plain.
- 『新勅撰和歌集』には、最高の35首が収められている。
- Thirty-five of his best poems were collected within 'Shin chokusen wakashu' (New Imperial Anthology of Japanese Poetry).
- その後九戸氏は豊臣秀次に一族もろとも斬首されて滅亡。
- After that, all KUNOHE clan were cut off the head and subverted by Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI.
- 宇郷の首は加茂川河岸に槍に刺し斬奸状と共に晒された。
- UGO's head was thrust into a spear, and with a document explaining why he was killed, it was put on public display on the riverbank of the Kamo-gawa River.
- しかし、2008年現在もなお首塚は発見されていない。
- However, as of 2008, the tomb hadn't been found.
- 淀殿が醍醐の花見の際に詠んだ和歌が三首残されている。
- Three Waka that she composed at a cherry blossom viewing party at Daigo remain.
- 平安遷都など歴代の遷都をそのまま首都の移動とするもの。
- The view asserting that the successive transfer of capitals such as the transfer of capital in Heian era is the movement of capital.
- なお、この際に以下のような政府首脳間の合意が為された。
- On this occasion, the following agreement was made among government leaders.
- 明智光秀の首塚京都市白川通三条下ル 和菓子「餅寅」の横
- Kubizuka of Mitsuhide AKECHI: located at the side of `Mochitora`-a Japanese confectionery shop-at Sanjo-Sagaru (to the south of Sanjo), Shirakawa-dori Street, Kyoto City.
- まず矢をわたし、つぎに首桶の綴目を先方にむけてわたす。
- Firstly, the arrow was passed over then, the bucket holding the head was handed over with the seam facing the recipient.
- 夏期においては穂垂首は軍鑑の確認に止める場合もあった。
- During summertime displaying severed heads on pikes was halted in certain cases.
- また松方正義首相、山田顕義法相らが死刑適用に奔走した。
- The prime minister, Masayoshi MATSUKATA and the justice minister, Akiyoshi YAMADA also worked hard to enforce the death sentence.
- この将門の首に関連して、各地に首塚伝承が出来上がった。
- Anecdotes about the burial mound of Masakado's head is passed down in various regions.
- 伊東甲子太郎は、山南の死をいたんで4首の和歌を読んだ。
- Kashitaro ITO wrote four poems of waka in mourning Sannan's death.
- また、天皇や首相が重臣から意見を聞くことも行われていた。
- Also, the senior statesmen had opportunities to give their opinions to the Emperor and the Prime Ministers.
- また、国家の首都機能を複数の都市に置く制度にもいわれる。
- This system also refers to the system in which capital functions are placed in several cities.
- また、佐久間盛政は逃亡するものの捕らえられて斬首された。
- Morimasa SAKUMA tried to run away but was captured and decapitated.
- 首実検の前には、武士の婦女子により首に死化粧が施された。
- Prior to making the identification of the severed head, the samurai womenfolk would apply funereal cosmetics to the head.
- その時の首と(先に寺の門前で取った首)で二つ取りました。
- We cut off two heads in total: one from a person in the hall and one from a person who was in front of the temple earlier.
- 第二款 日朝両国が相互にその首都に公使を駐在させること。
- Provision 2 - ministers of Japan and Korea should reside in the capitals of each other's country.
- 試し切りの際に、斬首後の死骸を載せる台を土壇場といった。
- The platform on which the beheaded corpse was placed for testing the sharpness of swords was called dotanba.
- しかし、信長の死体が消えたため、信長の首はとれなかった。
- However, because Nobunaga's body had disappeared, Mitsuhide, could not get Nobunaga's head.
- 教養があり、和歌を好み、武家百人一首にも選出されている。
- He was well-educated and fond of making waka (Japanese poems); one of his waka was selected in Buke Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred warrior-poets).
- 黒鳥兵衛の首は塩漬けにされ、埋めた場所に首塚が造られた。
- Hyoe KUROTORI's head was kept in salt and buried in a place, where Kubi-zuka (burial mound for his head) was constructed.
- 黒鳥兵衛の斬られた首の落ちた所が現在の新潟市黒鳥である。
- The place where Kurotori's decapitated head fell was present Kurotori, Niigata City.
- 高等科第四級を首席で卒業するも、上級に進まずに退学した。
- She graduated from the fourth grade of the advanced course at the top of her class, but left the school without advancing to the upper grades.
- 頼朝は助命を考えたが、祐経の遺児に請われて斬首を申し渡す。
- Although he considered sparing his life, Yoritomo was appealed to by Suketsune's orphaned child and sentenced Goro to decapitation.
- 翌6日夜、県側は一揆首謀者の宿舎を急襲し、彼等を捕縛した。
- On the night of the next day, 6th, the Prefectural Office made a raid on a camp where ringleaders of the uprising stayed, and arrested them.
- その首を見ると涙を禁じ得ず、大変気の毒な事をしたと述べた。
- He expressed his regret for what he had done when he looked at Shigetada's dismembered head.
- 飛鳥宮(飛鳥時代)以前に、首都に相当する都城は存在しない。
- Before the Asuka Imperial Palace (Asuka period), there was no capital corresponding to a capital zone.
- その首領は「林黒児」といい、元は売春婦だったとも言われる。
- Its chieftain was called 'Lin Heier' and she was said to be a former prostitute.
- 介錯として首に突き刺された刀は地面にまで突き刺さっていた。
- A sword stabbed in his neck which assisted other stabs were piercing even into the ground.
- 全島から30通以上の血判状が発見され、首唱者も特定できた。
- From all the islands, more than 30 petitions sealed with blood were found, and also the initiators were specified.
- 首板は、首1つのときは板の竪横1尺6寸、竪足を3本つける。
- The size of kubi ita (board used to place a head) was 30.3 cm and 18.18 cm in case of one head with three vertical legs attached.
- 7月1日、季瓊真蘂が坂本城を訪れ、義教の首の返還を求めた。
- On July 27th, Shinzui KIKEI visited Sakamoto-jo Castle and required Mitsusuke to give back Yoshinori's head.
- この陰謀の首謀者は諸説あるが伊尹が仕組んだという説もある。
- There were various theories that Koretada was the mastermind of this rebellion and arranged all of this.
- 文明15年(1483年)10月に『新百人一首』を撰定する。
- In 1483 he chose 100 poems from 100 poets for a new anthology of waka poems entitled the 'Shin Hyakunin-Isshu.'
- この時利家は矢を抜く事なく戦後の首実験にも参加したという。
- It is said that at this time Toshiie attended also the identification of severed heads after the war without pulling out the arrow.
- 義経の首は鎌倉へ送られ景時と和田義盛がこれを検分している。
- Yoshitsune's head was sent to Kamakura and Kagetoki and Yoshimori WADA examined it.
- 五郎は起き上がると業盛の首を取り、兄を井戸から引き上げた。
- Goro got up and killed Narimori, and then pulled his older brother up from the old well.
- 塩漬けの首により、塩分を含んだ水が地中から湧き出している。
- Since Hyoe's buried head was once conserved in salt, the salty groundwater continuously springs out from the earth.
- ある意味では国家首脳部の戦争責任を曖昧にする論理と言える。
- In a way, it may be understood as reasoning which obscures the war responsibility of state high command.
- 討ち入り後に赤穂浪士たちが自首し、浪士たちの処分にあたった。
- He took charge of punishing Ako roshi who surrendered after the raid.
- なお、その家族一族郎党も斬首刑となった(1882年10月)。
- Furthermore, their families and their whole clans were beheaded in October 1882.
- 川中島の戦いの首塚長野市八幡原史跡公園内に2基と公園外に1基
- Kubizuka for the dead in the Battle of Kawanakajima: two Kubizuka inside and one outside of the Hachimanpara historic park, Nagano City.
- そして、かつて平清盛が首都を計画した福原京まで進出していた。
- They then advanced to Fukuwara District where TAIRA no Kiyomori had once planned to establish the capital.
- 小栗正矩(越後国高田藩松平家首席家老。越後騒動の中心人物)。
- Masanori OGURI (The chief Karo officer of the Matsudaira family in the Takada domain, Echigo Province. The central figure in Echigo Sodo [a disturbance in Echigo].)
- 政友会は議会での孤立と党首不在という2つの非常事態に陥った。
- And this internal unrest drove the Seiyukai into a state of emergency, in which the party had to suffer the isolation in the Diet and the lack of its leader.
- ペリーは首里城への訪問を打診したが、王国側はこれを拒否した。
- Perry made inquiries about a visit to Shuri-jo Caste, but the Kingdom refused.
- 4 首都建設法(昭和二十五年法律第二百十九号)は、廃止する。
- 4. National capital construction law (law No 219, 1950) is abolished.
- (一応首謀者とされる2人の「首」は蝦夷側から提出されている。
- The 'heads' of two supposed ringleaders were at least offered by the Emishi side.
- ムバラクはサバーハ家中興の英主とされ「大首長」と尊称される。
- Mubarak is considered to be a wise lord for leading the restoration of the House of Al-Sabah and is respectfully called 'Paramount Chief.'
- 首を置き据えるには、柾目の方を先にして、木目を竪にして置く。
- When the severed head was put in place, straight grain was in front and wood grain running vertically.
- その中の1首で、冒頭に置かれたものが「君が代」の原歌である。
- The original poem of 'Kimigayo' is included in them and placed at the top.
- 先住民は逃げた者を敵とみなし、次々に殺害し54名を斬首した。
- The aborigines considered the escapees to be their enemies and killed 54 people by beheading them one after another.
- 捕えられた春王、安王は、護送途中の美濃国垂井宿で斬首される。
- Captured An'omaru and Shun'omaru were decapitated in Tarui-juku of the Mino Province on the way being escorted.
- 真蘂が京へ首を持ち帰り、6日に等持院で義教の葬儀が行われた。
- Shinzui brought the head back to Kyoto and the funeral ceremony for Yoshinori was held at Toji-in Temple on the 6th.
- 騒動の首謀者とみなされた大楽源太郎は、九州の久留米へ逃れる。
- Gentaro DAIRAKU who was thought to have been the ringleader of the dispute ran away and went to Kurume, Kyushu region.
- 秀吉侵攻軍はわずか19日で朝鮮の首都ソウル特別市を落とした。
- The invasion army of Hideyoshi took Seoul Special City, the capital of Korea, in only nineteen days.
- 清も軍を増派したが首都に入ることは控えて牙山を動かなかった。
- Quing increased its troops, but did not move from Asan to enter the capital.
- 首もしくは胴体は光秀とともに本能寺に晒されたと言われている。
- It is said that his head and body, along with Mitsuhide's, were gibbeted at Honno-ji Temple.
- 「義仲の首が渡され、平家の首は渡さないのは全く理由が無い。」
- There is no reason why the public exhibition of the heads of the Taira family is not permitted, while Yoshinaka's head was allowed to be put on display.'
- 道三の首は、義龍側についた旧臣の手で道三塚に手厚く葬られた。
- Dosan's head was courteously buried in Dosan Zuka (Dosan's grave) by his former retainers who sided with Yoshitatsu.
- 彼が運んだと伝わる「首掛け石」という凹型の巨石が城内にある。
- There is a huge concave-shaped stone called 'Kubikakeishi' in the castle which is said to have been carried by him.
- 不意を突かれた黒鳥兵衛は、ついに討ち取られ、首をはねられた。
- The attack was so swift that Hyoe KUROTORI was finally defeated and decapitated.
- 義親ら討ち取った者たちの首を掲げて行列を組んで堂々と凱旋した。
- He and his troops returned with glory parading in lines with the heads of Yoshichika and others upheld.
- 首を見知ったときは、なにがし討取、なにがしの首、と2行で書く。
- When the identity of the head was known, 'Certain individual killed' and 'Certain individual's head' were written as separate lines.
- 中国史書に名の残るこの時期のヤマト王権の首長を倭の五王という。
- The chiefs of Wa in this era were recorded as the five kings of Wa in history books in China.
- 一方政変により下野した大隈重信は翌年立憲改進党の党首となった。
- In the following year, Shigenobu OKUMA, who had left the position in the 1881 Political Crisis, was appointed as the leader of the Rikken Kaishinto (Constitutional Reform Party).
- こうして、「明治国家」の元首としてふさわしい存在になっていく。
- Finally, he became fit to be the head of the 'Meiji State.'
- また、宇都宮頼綱に依頼され撰じた「小倉百人一首」が有名である。
- Also, 'Ogura Hyakunin Isshu' (The Ogura's Sequence of One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets), which Sadaie compiled upon a request by Yoritsuna UTSUNOMIYA, has enjoyed popularity.
- 首相岸信介、佐藤栄作兄弟の実家佐藤家は忠信の末裔を称している。
- The Sato Family, a family home of the Prime Minister Nobusuke KISHI and the Prime Minister Eisaku SATO who are also sibling, called themselves the descendants of Tadanobu.
- 飛鳥寺境内と甘樫丘にほど近い場所に、「入鹿の首塚」が存在する。
- There is the Iruka's Head Tomb close to Asuka-dera Temple precincts and Amagashino-oka Hill.
- 正盛は京へ凱旋し、朝廷より恩賞が授けられ、義親は梟首とされた。
- Masamori went back to Kyoto and was awarded Onsho (reward grants) and Yoshichika's severed head was exposed in public.
- 実朝の首級は持ち去られ、公暁は食事の間も手放さなかったという。
- Kugyo took Sanetomo's head away and he is believed not to have left it far from him even during meals.
- 退陣する首相が重臣会議に出席した例は1934年の斎藤実しかない。
- Makoto SAITO in 1934 presents the only case in which a resigning Prime Minister attended a senior statesman conference.
- 玉木為之進ら数名は天誅組の作戦に抗議し、天の辻で斬首されている。
- Including Tamenoshin TAMAKI, several people from Totsukawa Village protested the strategy employed by Tenchu-gumi and were beheaded.
- なお、日本国憲法下では、首相は現在のところ全て衆議院議員である。
- Under the current constitution of Japan, all the Prime Ministers have been from the House of Representatives.
- 川崎九郎次1名のみが首謀者として罪を引受け、他の者は釈放された。
- Only Kuroji KAWASAKI was arrested, undertaking the responsibility as a ringleader of the turmoil, while the other members were released.
- ニューヨーク大学医学部を首席で卒業し、医学博士・医師免許を取得。
- He graduated from New York University Medical School as the top student, obtaining a doctoral degree of medical science and a medical license.
- 第二番目の鬼神:摩醯首羅神(まけいしゆらしん・まけいしゅらしん)
- The second fierce god: Makeishurashin (Makeishiyurashin)
- 入道首は左手で切口をとらえ、大指で耳の上をかかえてお目にかける。
- Heads of those who entered priesthood were held at the point of severance by the left hand and, the thumb used to hold the ear when being viewed.
- 首台には、そば折敷(おしき)、つまり角を切らない折敷をもちいる。
- A lacquered wooden tray for soba noodles was used for the severed head: basically a lacquered wooden tray with four angles still remaining.
- その橋の際に人一人がいたので、そのまま我らはその首を取りました。
- There was a man near the bridge, and we cut off his head right away.
- 内閣総理大臣は、国務大臣の首班ではあるものの対等な地位とされた。
- A prime minister was the head of ministers, but his status was equal as one of the other ministers.
- 翌日には政府と王宮を襲い領議政(首相)と旻氏系高官らを殺害した。
- On the following day, the rioters attacked the government and the palace and killed the supreme leader (prime minister) and high ranking officials of the Min family.
- しかし首を切られた後でも頼光の兜に噛み付いていたといわれている。
- But it is said that even after Shuten Doji's head was cut off, he bit Yorimitsu's helmet.
- 大正8年(1919年)1月13日、パリ講和会議の首席全権となる。
- January 13, 1919: Became the chief delegate of the Paris Peace Conference.
- 主人公・サスケに敵対する公儀隠密の首領として服部半蔵が登場する。
- Hanzo HATTORI appeared as the boss of a shogunate spy group and fought against the main character, Sasuke.
- 長男は鳩山一郎(政治家、首相)、次男は鳩山秀夫(法学者)である。
- His eldest son was Ichiro HATOYAMA (statesman, Prime Minister) and his second son was Hideo HATOYAMA (scholar of law).
- 以降は江戸へ戻って三人だけで独自に吉良上野介の首を狙うようになる。
- After that, he returned to Edo and began looking for the chance to kill Kira Kozuke no Suke with three of them.
- 裁判の結果、首謀者に懲役12年、他の3人に懲役9年の判決が下った。
- After the trial, the mastermind was sentenced to 12 years in prison and the other three suspects were sentenced to 9 years in prison.
- 諸国印は、各国で用いるもので、日本の首都に差し出す公文書に用いた。
- Shokokuin Seal was used in provinces when sending official documents to the capital of Japan.
- 奴国は2万戸と記され倭の首都として十分な人口があったと考えられる。
- Nakoku is stated as a country with 20,000 families, which shows that Nakoku was the country with a population sufficient to the capital of Wa,
- そして咎めた後に争いとなり、里右衛門は喜兵衛の首を刎ねてしまった。
- After they blamed the conduct, both parties started fighting and finally Riuemon decapitated Kihei.
- 平安時代末の福原京を首都とみなせるか否かについては近年議論がある。
- There have been discussions as to whether to consider Fukuhara-kyo as a capital.
- 行刑の場で行われる事は少なく、刑死者に対する首実検の例も多くない。
- The head identification process rarely occurred at prisons; there are few occasions when the process of identification occurred for individuals who were executed.
- 略式の首実検では、具足を脱いで、小具足で首を実検することがあった。
- Simplified identification processes consisted of a person removing their armor to identify the head.
- 首桶の作り方は、高さ1尺8寸、口の広さ8寸、わげもので、かぶせ蓋。
- Buckets for heads were made to stand 54.54 cm tall with an opening 24.24 cm in diameter with a lid on top.
- また、百穂はアララギ派の歌人でもあり、以下の短歌7首を詠んでいる。
- Hyakusui was also a poet of the Araragi School and wrote the following seven tanka.
- 光保は信西の首を切って京都に戻り、首は大路を渡され獄門に晒された。
- Mitsuyasu cut off Shinzei's head and returned to Kyoto, where the head was processed down the main streets of the capital before being exposed on the city's prison gate.
- 他の者も多くは自首したり捕縛された後に殺害されたり、獄死している。
- Many other people surrendered, were captured and murdered, or later died in prison.
- 当時の政府首脳である参議の半数と軍人、官僚約600人が職を辞した。
- Half of the Sangi (councillor) that was the government leaders at that time, and about 600 military men and bureaucracies left their services.
- 平城京(へいぜいきょう、へいじょうきょう)は、かつての日本の首都。
- Heijo-kyo (also pronounced Heizei-kyo) used to be the ancient capital of Japan.
- 柬埔寨 メコン河流域のプノンペンを首府とするカンボジア王国である。
- Cambodia of the Cambodia Kingdom had its capital, Phnom Penh, in an area along the Mekong River.
- 辞世の句として『東照宮御実記』に以下の二首を詠んだと伝わっている。
- It is recorded in 'Toshogu-gojikki' that the following two poems were the last ones he composed before his death.
- 首都とは国中一番のみやこ、帝城、中央政府のある所、首府のことである。
- A capital is the no.1 city in a country, the Imperial Palace, the place where the central government is located.
- - 富岡製糸場の首長(責任者)、建設から近代製糸技術の導入まで(仏)
- - He was involved with the Tomioka Silk Mill from its construction to the introduction of modern yarn-making technology, serving as the mill's chief (in other words, the one in charge of the mill)
- 以下のことから大宰府は、九州王朝の首都(倭京)であったと考えられる。
- As described below, Dazai-fu is regarded as the capital (wakyo) of the Kyushu dynasty.
- 貴人の首ならば、生絹(すずし)で包んで、桶の綴目に面を向けて入れる。
- Noble's heads were wrapped in silk, and placed in a bucket facing the seam.
- そこで朝廷が宗成を尋問した所、宗成は伊予親王こそ首謀者だと自白した。
- Then, the Imperial court inquired of Munenari and Munenari confessed that Imperial Prince Iyo himself was a ringleader.
- 金海許氏は、金官伽耶の首露王の子孫とし、金海金氏と同本貫扱いとする。
- The Gimhae Heo clan is considered to be the descendants of King Suro-wang of Gimgwan Gaya, and treated equally with the hongan of the Gimhae Kim clan.
- 宗右衛門は伊丹方の侍と馬上で渡りあい、首四つをあげて尼崎に凱旋した。
- Soemon fought on horse back with samurai of the Itami side and obtained four heads and returned victorious to Amagasaki.
- 首府マニラが新大陸とのガレオン貿易の要港で、中国船の来航も多かった。
- Its capital, Manila, was the strategic port of the galleon trade with the New World, and many Chinese ships arrived there.
- 翌5月には首都・漢城(漢陽・現在のソウル特別市)を日本軍が占領する。
- In the next month, June, the Japanese army occupied the capital, Hancheng (Hanyang; present Seoul Special City).
- 翌年には明治新政府も京都から東京に移され、日本の事実上の首都となる。
- In the following year, all of the functions of the new Meiji government were transferred to Tokyo from Kyoto, paving the way for Tokyo to become the capital city of Japan.
- 最も著名なのが東京千代田区大手町 (千代田区)の平将門の首塚である。
- The most noted of which is of the burial mound for Masakado's head located in Ote-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo.
- 「よくよく準備をして、鍛冶屋に言いつけて首に厚く鉄を巻きつけておけ」
- Just get ready and ask a blacksmith to put a thick iron around your neck.'
- 701年12月27日 (旧暦) 外孫、首皇子(聖武天皇)誕生(43)
- December 27, 701: A grandchild, Prince Obito (later Emperor Shomu), was born (aged 43).
- 平野らは更に藩としての挙兵への同調を求めるが、藩首脳部は消極的だった。
- Hirano furthermore asked the domain to go along with their undertaking, but the leaders of the domain were reluctant.
- 一揆勢は潰走し、首謀者や殺害の下手人はほとんどが数日の内に捕縛された。
- The defeated uprising party fled in disorder, and its ringleaders and murderers were arrested within a few days.
- 最悪の場合は、切腹や斬首を受ける形で、その責めを全うすることもあった。
- In the worst cases, some Karo officers completed their duties as far as Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) or decapitation.
- 8月23日帯方郡と楽浪郡を支配していた公孫淵が司馬懿により斬首される。
- On 23rd August, Gongsun Yuan, who had controlled Daifang and Lelang Commandery (an ancient county in the northern Korean Peninsula), was beheaded by Sima Yi.
- 歴史上、日本の首都は、天皇の住まいである皇居の所在によって定められた。
- In history, Japanese capital was determined by the address of the Imperial Palace, the Emperor's residence.
- 監視役の同心が説教しても開き直る(「どんなことをしても首が落ちるだけ。
- Even when a Doshin, who was working as a supervisor, reprimanded them, they talked back ('whatever I do, my head will fall off in the end.
- 「大竜丸」となった後は、新たに竜頭の彫刻が船首に追加されていたという。
- It is said that after it was named 'Dairyu Maru', a sculpture of a dragon head was newly added to its prow.
- 札をつける箇所は大将分の首は左鬂の髪、入道ならば耳に穴をあけてつける。
- The place to affix a tag for a commander was the left side of the topknot, for priests and others a hole was pierced in the ear.
- 「法曹至要抄」によれば、もし群盗共殺の時は、下手人および頭首人を移す。
- According to 'the Hossoshiyosho,' if a gang of robbers commit a murder, the murderer and his boss shall be removed to a province.
- 清盛は直ちに西光を呼び出して拷問にかけ、全てを自供させると首を刎ねた。
- Kiyomori immediately sent for Saiko and when he admitted to all of the charges under torture, he was beheaded.
- 現在の地に建国され初代サバーハが首長に選出されたのは1756年である。
- The first Sabah selected as Emir since the country was built at its present location was 1756.
- 「天慶年間平将門ノ首ヲ晒(さら)シタ所也(なり)」と由緒書きにはある。
- The plaque at the site that testifies to its authenticity and recounts the history states that, 'This is where TAIRA no Masakado's head was put on public display during the period of Tengyo.'
- 晒し首が歴史上で確認される最も古い確実な例が、この将門の晒し首である。
- The placing of Masakado's decapitated head on public display is the oldest confirmed example of the practice in history.
- 義経の首は泰衡の弟・藤原高衡に護衛され、43日間かけて鎌倉に送られた。
- The Yoshitsune's decapitated head was carried by Yasuhira's smaller brother, FUJIWARA no Takahira, to Kamakura, and it took 43 days.
- 寛政3年(1791年)頃から描きはじめた「美人大首絵」で人気を博した。
- He achieved great popularity with his 'Bijin Okubi-e' (close-up portraits of beautiful women) which he began to compose around 1791.
- 果たして京都市中を引き回された盛政は、やがて宇治市・槙島で斬首された。
- Morimasa was dragged around the city of Kyoto and later beheaded in Makishima, Uji City.
- 責任を回避すべく、茲矩は斎村政広が焼き討ちの首謀者と申し出たとされる。
- It is said that, in order to avoid his responsibility, Korenori claimed that Masahiro SAIMURA was the mastermind of the fire attack.
- 惟政の首級を挙げたのは当時池田氏の傘下の国人であった中川清秀とされる。
- It is said that Kiyohide NAKAGAWA who was a Kokujin (local lord) and served the Ikeda clan got Koremasa's severed head.
- 淀殿が我が子かわいさのために頑強に首を縦に振らなかったと言われている。
- It is said that Yodo-dono opposed strongly because of her love for her son.
- 政府首脳の月俸が数百円の時代、外国人で数百円から千円を越えるものもいた。
- During an era in which the top-level ministers in the government were being paid monthly salaries of a few hundred yen, foreigners were being paid a monthly wage that ranged between several hundred yen to over one thousand.
- このため松方正義首相は12月25日に衆議院解散を初めて行うこととなった。
- Consequently, prime minister Masayoshi MATSUKATA dissolved the House of Representatives for the first time on December 25.
- 首謀者の名から、伊治呰麻呂の乱(これはりのあざまろのらん)とも呼ばれる。
- It is also called the KOREHARI no Azamaro War by the name of the ringleader.
- 首の台の無い場合は鼻紙またはふつうの扇裏を台として首を受けるように出す。
- In situations when there was no tray for the head, tissue paper of a folding fan was provided upon which to rest the head.
- 当時の作法では切腹は士分の者にしか許されず、足軽は斬首と定められていた。
- The custom at that time was that only people of Shibun were allowed Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) and Zanshu (beheading) was for Ashigaru upon execution.
- 前者は部首別に分類された漢字の読みや意味を出典とともに掲げたものである。
- The former listed readings or meanings of Kanji (Chinese characters) classified by radical index with original sources.
- つまり、氏や姓を持つ首長や豪族の民までも把握できたのかと言うことである。
- In other words, it is doubtful that tabs were also kept on people controlled by chiefs and Gozoku (local ruling families) who had a family or clan name.
- このいわゆる「一億総懺悔論」が東久邇宮首相の主要な政治理念とみなされた。
- The opinion of a so-called 'national confession of Japanese war guilt' was regarded as the main political doctrine of Prime Minister HIGASHIKUNINOMIYA.
- この項では日本の首都(にっぽんのしゅと、にほんのしゅと)について記述する。
- In this article, we describe the history of capitals and their changes in Japan.
- 日本の首都にあたるみやこは有史以来、畿内(現在の近畿地方)で遷都してきた。
- Since the dawn of history, the 'Miyako' corresponding to the capital of Japan had been repeatedly relocated within Kinai (present Kinki region, or provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara).
- 首謀者と目された人物の名前から竹内式部一件(たけうちしきぶいっけん)とも。
- It is also called the Takenouchi Shikibu Incident after the person who was regarded as the ringleader.
- 弾圧の対象者は重臣から一般藩士まで及び、斬首14名、処罰20名にのぼった。
- The targets of crackdown ranged from senior vassals to common feudal retainers and the fourteen were decapitated and the twenty were punished.
- 2009年(平成21年)現在、日本の首都を直接定める現行法令は存在しない。
- As of 2009, there is no existing law which directly prescribes the capital in Japan.
- しかし、個別人身支配と郡司の首長権が崩壊すると両制度とも機能しなくなった。
- However, these systems became non-functional after the people-based governance system and chieftaincy of gunji collapsed.
- また、本文以外の巻首・巻末・頭書などに、様々な教材を載せたものが出現した。
- In addition, various teaching materials were seen at the beginning and the end of a book as well as in the space above the body texts.
- 首級の確認は、寝返りした、または捕虜となった敵方に確認させることもあった。
- The validation of a severed head was also sometimes made by a prisoner of war or an enemy combatant turncoat.
- 武士は自身の首は敵将に供せられることを覚悟し常日頃身だしなみに気を使った。
- Samurai were prepared that their heads would be taken to the enemy anytime, therefore they always paid particular attention to grooming.
- 首謀者の二人は明治4年12月3日(1872年1月12日)、切腹させられた。
- The two masterminds were forced to commit seppuku on January 12, 1872.
- 源頼朝を首長とする鎌倉幕府は、治承・寿永の乱で勝利して平氏政権を打倒した。
- The Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with MINAMOTO no Yoritomo as its chief defeated the Taira clan government in the Jisho-Juei War.
- 日本軍は全羅道から忠清道にかけての掃討を順調に行い、首都の漢城を脅かした。
- The Japanese army made a clean sweep of the enemy between Jeolla-do and Chungcheong-do and threatened the capital, Hansong.
- 島津側では「討ち取った首は3万余、打ち捨てた死体数知れず」といわれている。
- According to the Shimazu side, they 'beheaded thirty-thousand heads and an unknown amount of people were killed and cast aside.'
- 平氏滅亡後、奈良衆徒の要求で引き渡され、木津川 (京都府)畔で斬首された。
- After the Taira clan were destroyed, he was handed over to Nara priests upon their request, and was beheaded on the bank of Kizu-gawa River in Kyoto Prefecture.
- 火災に乗じて逃亡することを恐れた役人により、他の囚人とともに斬首となった。
- Officials who were frightened about the escape of those incarcerated due to the fire beheaded Furutaka together with other prisoners.
- 首は賜死の一因ともされる大徳寺山門上の木像に踏ませる形でさらされたという。
- His head was also displayed under the foot of the wooden statue that was said to be one of the reasons of his death, at the main gate of the Daitoku-ji Temple.
- 権大納言冷泉為和らより学んだと言われ、現在も1000首を超える歌がのこる。
- It is said that he studied under Gon-Dainagon Tamekazu REIZE and others, and over 1000 pieces of poems still remain to this day.
- 敦盛が取って返すと、直実は敦盛を馬から組み落とし、首を斬ろうと甲を上げる。
- As soon as Atsumori retraced his steps, Naozane wrestled Atsumori down the horse and thrust his hand into the air to kill the man.
- この計画都市(奴国)こそ邪馬壹國にあった3世紀の倭の首都であると考えられる。
- This developed city (Nakoku) is believed to have been the capital of Wa during the third century.
- クウェートでは、首相であることは次期皇太子の最有力候補であることを意味する。
- In Kuwait, the Prime Minister is considered the most likely candidate as the next Crown Prince.
- 7月、首謀者である後鳥羽上皇は隠岐島、順徳上皇は佐渡島にそれぞれ配流された。
- In the seventh month, the ringleaders of the rebellion, the retired Emperors Gotoba and Juntoku, were exiled to the islands of Oki and Sado, respectively.
- 原敬首相は、長谷川好道総督を更迭し穏健派の斎藤実総督(海軍大将)を任命した。
- Prime Minister Takashi HARA replaced Yoshimichi HASEGAWA as Sotoku, and appointed moderate Makoto SAITO as Sotoku (Admiral).
- その後、秀吉の執拗な捜索により近江国堅田で捕縛され、六条河原で斬首となった。
- Hideyoshi had him pursued, and was eventually arrested at Katata in Omi Province, and then beheaded at Rokujogawara (the execution ground located on the bank of the Kamo-gawa River).
- 伝紀貫之筆巻9の巻首の断簡17行がもと高野山に伝来したことからこの名がある。
- This name was given because the 17 lines at the opening part of the ninth scroll attributed to KI no Tsurayuki were originally descended to Koyasan.
- 5月1日に西郷は坂本龍馬を同行して鹿児島に帰り、京都情勢を藩首脳に報告した。
- In May 1, Saigo returned to Kagoshima with Ryoma SAKAMOTO, and reported Kyoto's situation to the executives of the domain.
- 1945年(昭和20年)8月17日、戦後最初の首相となり東久邇宮内閣を組閣。
- On August 17, he became the first post-WWII Prime Minister and organized the Higashikuninomiya Cabinet.
- 亡骸は勝長寿院に葬られたが首は見つからず、代わりに記念に与えた髪を入棺した。
- His body was buried at Shochoju-in Temple, but his head was still missing, so the commemorative hair was put into his coffin.
- 九州王朝説では、大宰府が、古代北九州王朝の首都(倭京)であったと主張している。
- The Kyushu dynasty theory maintains that Dazai-fu was the capital (the City in Yamato) of the ancient Kitakyushu dynasty.
- 直実は首を取ろうとするが、武者の顔を見ると化粧をした美しい顔立ちの少年だった。
- While Naozane was attempting to slice the young warrior's neck, but discovered the warrior was a young boy with a beautifully featured face painted in makeup.
- 第二條 内閣總理大臣ハ内閣ノ首班トシ機務ヲ奏宣シ旨ヲ承テ大政ノ方向ヲ指示スヘシ
- Article 2: The Prime Minister shall report on the affairs of state to the Emperor, receive the Emperor's instructions and direct the course of policies as the first among ministers.
- Article 2: The Prime Minister shall be the head of the Cabinet and indicate the political direction on behalf of the Emperor after informing the Emperor of important political affairs.
- 「三左衛門」とは、首謀者とされた3名がいずれも左衛門尉であったことに由来する。
- The term 'San-saemon' originated due to the fact that all of the three (san in Japanese) leaders of the attempt held the position of Saemon no jo (third-ranked officer of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards).
- 889年(寛平元年)、強盗首物部氏永(もののべのうじなが)等が蜂起し発生した。
- In 889, MONONOBE no Nagauji, the head of a group of bandits, and others started the war.
- 家継が討ち取られて梟首され、侍大将の富田家助・家能・家清入道らが討ち取られた。
- Ietsugu was defeated and his head put on public display, while TOMITA no Iesuke, Ieyoshi and Iekiyo Nyudo, who were Samurai Daishos (commander of warriors), were defeated and killed.
- 目標は、首都圏および京阪地区に飛来する花粉の発生源を10年間で半減させるもの。
- The project aims to halve the sources of pollen carried to the Tokyo area and the Kyoto-Osaka region within 10 years.
- 大毅・少毅(あわせて軍毅という)もまた郡領と同じく在地の首長層から任命された。
- Like gunryo (collective term for the dairyo and shoryo ranks of district manager), daiki and shoki (collectively called gunki) were also appointed from local leaders.
- 結果、古麻呂の子で首謀者とされた大伴継人は死刑、直前に死去していた家持は除名。
- As a consequence, OTOMO no Tsuguhito (son of Komaro and alleged mastermind) was condemned to death, and Yakamochi, who had died just before the incident, was excommunicated.
- 吉備地方の首長の埋葬儀礼に使われた特殊器台・特殊壺が発達した筒形の埴輪をいう。
- The cylindrical Haniwa are developed from ceremonial vessel stand and ceremonial jar used in the burial rituals of a chief of Kibi region.
- 筒川の里、日下部首等の先祖に姿容秀美の筒川嶼子という者、即ち水江浦島子がいた。
- A good-looking man, Tsutsukawa no Shimako, or Mizunoe Urashima no ko, who was an ancestor of KUSAKABE no Obito and others, lived in the region of Tsutsukawa no sato.
- これは首都への公使駐在と釜山の他二港の開港と日本人の居留通商などを認めさせた。
- With this treaty, Japan forced Korea to allow the Japanese envoy to reside in the capital, open Busan and other two ports, and authorize Japanese residents to trade.
- 2月13日、通盛の首は討ち取られた他の一門の者たちと共に京で獄門にかけられた。
- On April 2, the head of Michimori was exposed in the Capital of Kyoto together with the heads of other family members killed in the battles.
- 教経の童の菊王丸が首を取ろうと走りよるが、継信の弟の佐藤忠信がこれを射落とす。
- Kikuo-maru, a page to Noritsune, ran up to Tsugunobu SATO to cut off his head, but Tadanobu SATO, Tsugunobu's younger brother, shot him down.
- 義経は近江国で宗盛父子を斬首し、重衡を重衡自身が焼き討ちにした東大寺へ送った。
- Yoshitsune executed Munemori and decapitated his son in Omi Province and sent Shigehira to Todai-ji Temple, to which Shigehira himself once set fire to in the battle.
- 父が殺されたため、京へ戻って平清盛の暗殺を図るが失敗し、捕えられて斬首された。
- When his father was killed, he returned to Kyoto for assassination attempt on TAIRA no Kiyomori; After the failure, he was arrested and decapitated.
- 大正9年(1920年)9月7日、公爵に昇叙(パリ講和会議首席全権の功による)。
- September 7, 1920: He was promoted to Prince (due to his achievements as a chief delegate at the Paris Peace Conference).
- 大石良雄(赤穂藩浅野家首席家老。元禄赤穂事件で名をあげ、忠臣蔵の主人公となった)
- Yoshio OISHI (the chief Karo officer of the Asano family in the Ako domain. He became famous due to the Ako Incident in the Genroku era, becoming the main character in the Chushingura story [a story of loyal retainers].)
- この地域では首長の葬送儀礼には、特殊器台形土器と特殊壺形土器が数多く使用された。
- Many tokushu-kidai (ceremonial vessels stand) shaped earthwares and tokushu tsubo (ceremonial jar) shaped earthenware were used in the burial ritual of the chief in this region.
- ただしその後継としては、松平定信派の松平信明 (三河吉田藩主)が老中首座となる。
- However, Nobuaki MATSUDAIRA (the feudal lord of the Mikawa Yoshida Domain), who took the side of Sadanobu in the Edo bakufu, succeeded Sadanobu as chief 'roju.'
- 首都北京近辺における義和団の横行を許したのは、義和団の強大化だけが原因ではない。
- The Boxers were permitted to go on rampages in neighborhoods of the capital Beijing, but the massive scale of the Boxers was just one reason for this.
- 下人所従は武士身分でないため、戦場において首を取っても手柄になることはなかった。
- Even if the latter should slay an enemy on the battlefield, no credit was given because they did not have samurai status.
- 髻を右手にとり、首の面を先にして、すこし仰向け、左を御覧あるようにお目に掛ける。
- The head was shown by viewing from the left by taking the topknot in the right hand holding the face of the head outwards then raising the face upwards a little.
- ここで嫡男・織田信忠から高遠城主仁科盛信の首が届き、これを長良川の河原に晒した。
- He then received the head of Morinobu NISHINA, Lord of Takato-jo Castle, from his legitimate son, Nobutada ODA, and exposed the head to public view along the Nagara-gawa River.
- 1584年8月10日 (天正12年旧暦7月5日)ポルトガルの首都リスボンに到着。
- August 10, 1584 - Reached Lisbon, the capital of Portugal.
- 西アジアや中央アジアなどとの交流も活発であり、首都長安は国際都市として繁栄した。
- There was also active exchange with West and Central Asia and the capital Changan flourished as an international city.
- 国兼の首は名護屋城に届けられて浜辺に晒され、胴体は佐敷五本松に埋められたという。
- Kunikane's head was sent to the Nagoya-jo Castle and left on the beach as an example, and his body was buried in Gohonmatsu, Sashiki.
- わたの原 八十島かけて 漕ぎ出でぬと 人には告げよ 海人の釣舟(百人一首11番)
- Now my ship has set sail over the sea, will the fishing boats let that person in Kyoto know of my journey towards those countless islands (11th of the One Hundred Waka Poems by One Hundred Poets).
- 一族で豊臣氏方として戦うが翌年の大坂夏の陣で敗れ、捕らえられて伏見で斬首された。
- He fought for the Toyotomi clan with his family, but they were defeated in Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka) next year, and he was captured and beheaded in Fushimi.
- 色紙型の料紙二葉を継ぎ合わせたものに、古歌一首を散らし書きしたのでこの名がある。
- The name Tsugishikishi is derived from the fact that two sheets of paper were fixed together, and a poem would be written in a free-form style thereupon.
- 平山の死体は胴体と首が離れており、芹沢と同衾していたお梅も首を切られ惨殺された。
- HIRAYAMA's head was cut off from his body, and Oume, who was sleeping in the same bed as SERIZAWA, was also brutally murdered with her head cut off.
- この際、「最後の元老」であった西園寺は近衛を首班として推薦することを断っている。
- However, 'the last Genro' Saionji refused to recommend Konoe as the head of the cabinet.
- 期待していた近衛文麿に離反され、首相に推薦したことを最後まで後悔していたという。
- Fumimaro KONOE, of whom he had high expectations, distanced himself from him, and it is said that he regretted until the end that he had recommended him as a prime minister.
- 首皇子(後の聖武天皇)が生まれると、娘藤原光明子(後の光明皇后)を後宮に入れた。
- When Obitono-oji (later Emperor Shomu) was born, Fuhito sent his other daughter, FUJIWARA no Komyoshi (later Empress Komyo), to the kokyu.
- 西郷の首はとられるのを恐れ、折田正助邸門前に埋められた(折田邸門前説が最も有力。
- Saigo's head was probably buried in front of the gate of Shosuke ORITA's due to the fears that someone would take it (the most reliable theory is it was in front of the gate of Orita residence.
- すると利家は、次のように言って着るのを拒んだという(古心堂叢書利家公夜話首書)。
- Then, Toshiie is said to have refused to put it on saying as follows (the headnote of Night Stories of Lord Toshiie, Koshindo Sosho [Koshindo Collection]).
- 泣き崩れた小村を両脇から伊藤博文と山県有朋が抱えて首相官邸へ連れて行ったという。
- It is said that Hirobumi ITO and Aritomo YAMAGATA carried Komura, who collapsed in tears, in arms from both side to Shushokantei (prime minister's official residence).
- 2月13日、一ノ谷の戦いで討たれた他の平家一門の首とともに京都で獄門に処された。
- On February 13, the head of Narimori was exposed in Kyoto with other heads of the Taira clan killed in the Battle of Ichinotani.
- いったんこの暴動は収まったが、その後、暴行の首魁が捕縛され処刑されることとなった。
- This riot ended quickly, but the leaders of the assault were arrested later and sentenced to be executed.
- 複数人いた家老のうち最も地位の高いものは筆頭家老・家老首座・一番家老など呼ばれた。
- The head of the Karo officers was called Hitto-garo, Karo-shuza, or Ichiban-garo.
- しかし狭義には対外戦争遂行等に関して開かれた元老・閣僚・軍部首脳の合同会議をさす。
- But in a narrow sense, Gozenkaigi indicated joint meetings of elder statesmen, cabinet members and high-rank officers of the military held to discuss the pros and cons of wars against foreign countries and so on.
- つまりヤマト王権とは別の倭王が北部九州に常駐し、そこに倭の首都があったことになる。
- In other words, another king of Wa, who was not the king of the Yamato kingship, resided in northern Kyushu, where the capital of Wa was located.
- 島津軍は敵の総大将・祐安を初め名のある武者だけで160余人、500の首級を挙げた。
- Shimazu's army took 500 heads in the ensuing battle, including those of some 160 famous warriors, such as the commanding general, Sukeyasu.
- 首は神戸城では受け取りを拒否され、検視大塚俄左衛門が伊勢関町の福蔵寺に持ち帰った。
- Kanbe-jo Castle refused to accept Nobutaka's head, so the coroner, Gazaemon OTSUKA, brought it back to Fukuzo-ji Temple in Seki-machi, Ise Province.
- 12月3日に萩で関係者の判決が言い渡され、首謀者とされた前原と奥平は即日斬首された。
- The court delivered sentence on people in conspiracy on December 3rd in Hagi, and MAEBARA and OKUDAIRA, who were thought to be ringleaders, were beheaded at once.
- ちなみに、本事件で斬首になったのは重臣3人、藩士11人で、奇妙なことに符合している。
- In fact in this incident, the number of senior vassals who were decapitated was three and the one of feudal retainers was eleven, which were of one accord.
- 日本では戦功を首実検で確認していたため、その首を弔うものとして多数の首塚が作られた。
- In Japan war performances were verified by identifying the heads of those killed in the battle; in order to console those heads, many Kubizuka were built.
- 第二条 内閣総理大臣ハ各大臣ノ首班トシテ機務ヲ奏宣シ旨ヲ承ケテ行政各部ノ統一ヲ保持ス
- Article 2: The Prime Minister, as the head among the ministers, shall report affairs of state to the Emperor, receive his instructions, direct the course of policies, and supervise each organ of the administration.
- 首(おびと)、史(ふひと)、村主(すくり)、勝(すくり)などの姓(カバネ)を称した。
- The clans who received the position of Momo Amari Yaso no Tomo had the hereditary titles such as Obito, Fuhito Sukuri, and Sukuri.
- 若此御法度を相背 其者逃し候ニ付而は 其一人之代ニ三人首をきらせ 彼相手之所へ可下渡
- If this law is violated and the transgressor is deliberately set free, then two or three people must be decapitated in substitution for him or her and their heads must be handed to his or her former master.
- (3)奈良の建築遺産は、奈良が首都であった時代に開花した日本文化の唯一の証左である。
- 3. The architectural heritage in Nara Prefecture is the only evidence of the Japanese culture flourished in the period when Nara was a capital.
- 斉は短期間で倒れたが、唐は弱体化して首都・長安周辺のみを治める地方政権へと凋落した。
- Although the Qi Dynasty fell in a short time, the Tang Dynasty was weakened and reduced to a local government which ran only Chang'an, the capital.
- この首塚には移転などの企画があると事故が起こるとされ、現在でも畏怖の念を集めている。
- An accident occurs whenever there is a plan to transfer the burial mound, and it is greatly feared even to this day.
- すみの江の岸による浪よるさへや夢のかよひぢ人目よくらむ(古今和歌集、百人一首18、)
- The waves are gathered on the shore of Sumi Bay, and in the gathered night, when in dreams I go to you, I hide from people's eyes (Kokin Wakashu (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets) 18).
- 「首を斬られた者がどうして喰らいつけるのか」と問うと、「すぐに喰らいつくのではない。
- Being asked 'how a man who had his head cut off could possibly bite someone?' he answered 'I am not going to bite you right after.'
- 当時、新聞記者だった石橋湛山(後の首相)は山縣の死を「死もまた、社会奉仕」と評した。
- Tanzan ISHIBASHI, who was a newspaper journalist back then (but later became the Prime Minister) commented on Yamagata's passing saying, 'Death can also be public service.'
- 西南戦争後の、首の無い西郷の死体を本人のものと特定させたのは、この巨大な陰嚢である。
- After the Sennan War, his enlarged scrotum was used to ensure that the headless body in fact belonged to Saigo.
- 首謀者の奈良麻呂については続日本紀に記録が残っていないが、同様に獄死したと思われる。
- It seems that Naramaro who was the mastermind also died in the prison although there is no record in Shoku Nihongi (Chronicle of Japan Continued).
- 秀次及び同日切腹した関係者らの遺体は金剛峰寺に葬られ、秀次の首は三条河原へ送られた。
- The corpses of Hidetsugu along with those who committed seppuku were buried at Kongobu-ji Temple, and the head of Hidetsugu was sent to Sanjogawara.
- だが、超然主義者の前首相山縣有朋を始め、松方自身が率いる薩摩藩藩閥からも反対論が出た。
- However, there was opposing argument from the previous prime minister, Aritomo YAMAGATA holding on to the doctrine of superiority as well as Satsuma Domain clique led by MATSUKATA himself.
- (原文 罷昔在天皇等所立子代之民処々屯倉及臣連伴造国造村首所有する部曲之民処々田荘。)
- (Original text: All of the Koshiro and Miyake established by the previout emperors and all of the Kakibe and Tadokoro owned by Omi, Muraji, Tomo no miyatsuko, Kuni no miyatsuko and Mura no obito shall be abolished.)
- この騒動の首謀者は山之内某で、久米郡 (伊予国)を中心に3000人もの参加者があった。
- The riot was led by a certain YAMANOUCHI, and about 3,000 people mainly from Kume-gun county (Iyo Province) joined the riot.
- これに危機感を抱いた頼家ら鎌倉幕府首脳は奉行人である中原親能を上洛させて弁明に努めた。
- During this situation, the leaders of the Kamakura bakufu, including Yoriie, felt a sense of crisis, and sent Chikayoshi NAKAHARA, the government commissioner, to Kyoto to explain the situation.
- これにより、首以外の鍍金は済んだものの、もう一つ頼みの奥州からはなかなか届かなかった。
- Owing to these offerings, the Great Buddha was plated with gold except the head, but the contribution was not delivered timely from Oshu, an another reliable source.
- この時、福島城兵岡左内は城から打出て、政宗方木幡四郎左衛門を組み伏せ、その首を取った。
- At this time, Sanai OKA, a member of the Fukushima-jo Castle garrison went out of the castle and cut off the head of Shirozaemon KOWATA on the Date side by pinning him to the ground.
- 朝鮮半島に居住し帰化しない日本人を朝鮮では恒居倭と呼び、首領を頭とする自治が行われた。
- Unnaturalized Japanese residents in the Korean Peninsula were called kokyowa, and they were self-governed headed by their leader.
- 首は、実検ののち、捨てることも、獄門にかけることも、首桶にいれて敵方に送ることもある。
- After making a viewing, the head was sometimes disposed, affixed to a prison gate or sent in a bucket back to the enemy.
- 結果、応仁の乱は首都・京都を焦土としただけで何ら勝敗を決することなく終結したのである。
- Hence, the Onin War ended without any sort of conclusive victory for either side; the only thing it had accomplished was the near-total destruction of the capital, Kyoto.
- 信玄は、八幡原で勝鬨を上げさせて引き上げ、政虎も首実検を行った上で越後へ帰還している。
- Shingen left Hachimanbara after he made his soldiers give a shout of victory, and Masatora as well returned to Echigo after having identified severed heads.
- 公卿達は義経らの強い態度に押され、結局13日に平家の首は都大路を渡り獄門にかけられた。
- The court nobles were pressured to consent to permission, and finally on the 13th of the same month, the heads of the Taira family were exhibited in public after being pulled along Miyako-oji Avenue.
- 9月、泰衡が家人に裏切られてその首が幕府軍に陣中に送られ、義盛・重忠が首実検を行った。
- In October, Yasuhira was betrayed and killed by a Kenin (retainer) and his head was sent to the camp of Kamakura army, and Yoshimori and Shigetada examined it.
- しかし、為義は許されず、息子たちも捕えられ、勅命により義朝によって斬首されてしまった。
- However, not only was Tameyoshi not pardoned, his sons were also ordered arrested, and Yoshitomo was forced by imperial decree to decapitate his own father and brothers.
- そして12月15日、吉良上野介の首をあげて泉岳寺へ進む赤穂浪士の中に弟源蔵の姿があった。
- On January 31, the younger brother Genzo was making his way to Sengaku-ji Temple along with other Ako Roshi after cutting Kira Kozuke no Suke's head off.
- また首謀者である奈良麻呂の名が続日本紀に残されていないが、同じく拷問死したと考えられる。
- Furthermore, even though Naramaro's name did not appear in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), he was considered to be dead in jail like other members.
- 貴族院規則4条で「皇族ノ議席ハ議員ノ首班ニ置キ其ノ席次ハ宮中ノ列次ニ依ル」となっていた。
- Article 4 of Kizokuin Kisoku (the rules of Kizokuin) states 'The seats for the imperial family councilors should be right at the front and their order of seating should follow their hierarchy in the palace.'
- 作戦に容喙出来なかった東條英機首相兼陸相が国務・統帥の一元化を図って参謀総長を兼任した。
- Prime Minister and the Minister of Army Hideki TOJO who could not accept the strategy also served as an additional post of the Chief of the General staff planning the unification of national affairs and supreme command.
- 1906年1月7日、桂太郎に替わって西園寺公望が首相に就任、第1次西園寺内閣が発足した。
- On January 7, 1906 Kinmochi SAIONJI became prime minister, replacing Taro KATSURA, and the first Saionji Cabinet was started.
- 同年8月2日、首謀者・奥平昌綱は捕らえられ、那覇に送られて県庁で懲役5年を申し渡された。
- On August 2 of the same year, the initiators including Shoko OKUHIRA were captured and sent to Naha, and they were sentenced to five years in prison.
- 百済王の近肖王(太子の近仇首王=貴須王)から倭王の「旨」のために造った、との解釈もある。
- There is an opinion that Geunchogo, the king of Paekche (his prince, King Geungusu = King Kurusu) made it by 'order' of the king of Wa.
- 本能寺の変に対し羽柴秀吉は逸早く京に駆け付け首謀者である明智光秀を破った(山崎の戦い)。
- Upon the occurrence of the Honnoji Incident, Hideyoshi HASHIBA arrived in Kyoto before anyone else and defeated the leader, Mitsuhide AKECHI, in the Battle of Yamazaki.
- 刺客が立ち去り、八木家の人々が様子を見に行くと部屋は血の海で平山の首は胴から離れていた。
- In the room, after the assassins left, the Yagi family made the grizzly discovery of a bloody pool in which Hirayama's decapitated head and body lied.
- 郎党下河辺氏が主を祭った伝わる茨城県古河市の頼政神社(こちらにも頼政の首塚伝説が存在)。
- Yorimasa-jinja Shrine is also where his burial mound is located (the venue of another legend on the mound where his head was buried); it is traditionally believed that Yorimasa's vassal of the Shimokobe clan enshrined their master.
- 首は、美酒に浸けて運ばれたものの、折からの暑気で腐敗し、誰の首かわからなくなったという。
- It is said that although the head was dipped in fine sake, it discomposed due to the hot climate during that season and it became unidentifiable.
- また、西郷の首も戦闘終了後に発見され、総指揮を執った山縣有朋の検分ののちに手厚く葬られた
- Saigo's head was discovered after the end of the war, and after the inspection by Aritomo YAMAGATA, who took charge of the matter, it was buried with all the proper honors.
- 最終的には藤堂高虎に命じて雑賀党の首領・鈴木重意を謀殺させることで平定した(紀州征伐)。
- Finally he had Takatora TODO kill Shigeoki SUZUKI, a head of Saika party, by a trap and conquered Kishu (Conquest of Kishu)
- これを聞いて土屋は今まさに吉良の首をあげて悦びの泣き声をあげているのだろうと思ったという。
- Tsuchiya thought they were crying out of joy since they had managed to kill Kira.
- 京都も東京も帝都だが、本来首都は京都であり、東京は施政の便宜上天皇がいる場所だというもの。
- The view asserting that both Kyoto and Tokyo are regarded as imperial capitals, but Kyoto is originally the capital and Tokyo is the place where Emperor exists for convenience'sake.
- この時代は、首都たる奈良(794年以降は京都)で失脚した貴族の左遷先となる事例が多かった。
- During this period, there were many cases where nobles that fell from power in the capital Nara (Kyoto since 794) were demoted.
- 評の設置により、地方豪族らは半独立的な首長から、評を所管する官吏へと変質することとなった。
- By the establishment of koori, the status of each local gozoku was changed from a semi-independent local chief to a government official who administered koori.
- この説は、単なる伽耶地方の首長連合を後世に日本府と称したとするものであり架空説といわれる。
- This theory is called fiction theory, which claims that a mere combination of chiefs in the Gaya Province was named Mimana Nihon-fu by the later generations.
- そして、同月19日、はやくも正盛から義親と従類5人の首を切ったとの戦勝報告が京都へ入った。
- On January 19, a war victory report of cutting the heads of Yoshichika and his five subordinates was already sent to Kyoto.
- 寛政5年(1793年)、松平定信が老中を辞任すると、新たに老中首座には松平信明が就任した。
- When Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA resigned as roju (senior councilor) in 1793, Nobuaki MATSUDAIRA became the head of roju.
- 島田らは刀を捨てて、同日、大久保の罪五事と、他の政府要人の罪を挙げた斬奸状を手に自首した。
- Shimada and others abandoned their swords, and on the same day, they surrendered themselves to the police, handing over their zankanjo which included the five crimes of Okubo and those of other important governmental persons.
- また、戦死者の格式に応じて供物が用意され、大将の首にはコンブや酒などが供えられるなどした。
- Also, offerings were arranged for formalities of individuals who died on the battlefield; for commanders, offerings of kelp and sake were prepared.
- その後、ジャービルの子孫とサリームの子孫がほぼ交互に首長の位につくことが慣行となってきた。
- Later, it became tradition to alternate the post of Emir between the descendants of Jabir and the descendants of Salim.
- 1988年、前年のSF大作『首都消失』に続き、日中合作の超大作映画『敦煌 (映画)』公開。
- Following the science-fiction film 'Shuto Soshitsu' in 1987, the Sino-Japanese mega-production 'Tonko' was released in 1988.
- 前九年の役で切り落とした首は1万八千、その片耳を取り集めて、乾して皮古二合に入て上洛した。
- He collected one ear from each of the 18,000 heads he beheaded in the Earlier Nine Years' War, dried them and brought them to Kyoto.
- 古典『太平記』では、清氏失脚の首謀者は佐々木道誉であり、清氏に野心があったと記されている。
- In the classic text 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace), it is noted that the ringleader behind the downfall of Kiyouji was the ambitious Doyo SASAKI.
- 文治元年(1185年)3月27日、上人は希義の鬢髪を首にかけて鎌倉を訪れ、頼朝と対面した。
- On March 27, 1185, hanging Mareyoshi's benpitsu (the hair on the sides of the head) from his neck, Rinyu-shonin visited Kamakura and met Yoritomo.
- これに対して韓国統監であった伊藤をはじめとした日本政府首脳は激昂し、高宗を強制的に排除した。
- The Japanese heads of state, including ITO, who was the Inspector General of Korea, were enraged and forced Gojong out of office.
- また、大宰府に転任した藤原広嗣が、首都から遠ざけられたことを恨んで740年に反乱を起こした。
- In addition, FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu, who was transferred to Dazai-fu, held a grudge from being displaced from the capital and rose in revolt in 740.
- 最初に挙げられている首都の設置は、650年(白雉1)の難波長柄豊崎宮への遷都により実現した。
- The first object mentioned in this article, the establishment of the capital, was realized by the transfer of the capital to Naniwa no Nagara no Toyosaki no Miya Palace in 650.
- 第六條 各國務大臣ノ任免ハ内閣總理大臣之ヲ奏宣シ、内閣總理大臣ノ任免ハ首席國務大臣之ヲ奏宣ス
- Article 6: Any appointments or dismissals of Cabinet Ministers shall be reported to the Emperor by the Prime Minister, and the appointment or dismissal of the Prime Minister shall be reported to the Emperor by the ranking Minister of State.
- Article 6: The appointment and dismissal of each Minister of State shall be stated by the Prime Minister to the Emperor, and the appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister shall be informed by the head of the Minister of State.
- 明治政府は1870年に斬首など従来の死刑執行方法に代わり絞首刑にすると太政官布告が出された。
- The Meiji Government issued an edict of Dajokan (Grand Council of state) to replace old methods of capital punishment such as decapitation by hanging in 1870.
- 時代が下るにつれ、大型集落が小型集落を従え、集落内で首長層が力を持ってきたと考えられている。
- It is thought that later in the period, large settlements subdued smaller settlements and the chief and upper ranks started to seize power in the settlement.
- 逮捕後、道行は博多で斬首されたとも、赦免されて愛知県知多市の法海寺を開いたともいわれている。
- It is believed that after the arrest, Dogyo was beheaded in Hakata, or that he was absolved and founded Hokai-ji Temple in Chita City, Aichi Prefecture.
- やがて、浪合に進出していた信長の元に勝頼・信勝父子の首が届いたのは3月14日のことであった。
- It was March 14, 1582 when the heads of Katsuyori and his son, Nobukatsu, reached Nobunaga who had invaded Namiai.
- 実検のときは、大将とお目に掛ける者の間、大将の左方に奏者が居て、首をあげた者の名を披露する。
- When the viewing was taking place, located to the left of the commander between the commander and those individuals looking at him was a sosha (a person in charge of informing a shogun or daimyo of the name of visitors to the residence before a meeting) who announced the name of the person who severed the head.
- 6月には信西の首をとった源光保と子の源光宗が謀反の疑いで薩摩国に配流され、14日殺害された。
- In July, MINAMOTO no Mitsuyasu and his son Mitsumune, who had taken Shinzei's head, were exiled to Satsuma Province on suspicion of plotting against the government, and were killed on the fourteenth day.
- 直弼は地面を這おうとしたが、有村が発した薬丸自顕流の「猿叫」とともに、首は鞠のように飛んだ。
- Naosuke tried to crawl away, but ARIMURA issued the 'monkey cry' of the Yakumarujigen School, and his head flew like a ball in the air.
- 小泉純一郎は首相在任当時、御誓文を元にした決まり文句「万機公論に決すべし」をよく使っていた。
- When Junichiro KOIZUMI was the Prime Minister, he often used the phrase 'all matters decided by open discussion' from Charter Oath.
- また、明の朝鮮支援軍が駆けつけると、辺りに散らばる首の殆どが朝鮮の民であったと書かれてある。
- It was written that, when the Ming army supporting Korea rushed forward and arrived, almost all heads which were scattered were those of Korean people.
- 忠房は同記に翌年斬首されることが書かれており、矛盾するので前者の忠房は維盛の誤りとみられる。
- The same record also mentions that Tadafusa was beheaded the following year, which conflicts with the above description and it would be reasonable to conclude that it is Koremori, not Yoshifusa, that is discussed in the above.
- 首謀者は院近臣の藤原成親、西光、俊寛らで、このうちに成親の嫡男の藤原成経は教盛の娘婿だった。
- The lead conspirators were FUJIWARA no Narichika, Saiko and Shunkan, and Narichika's son, FUJIWARA no Naritsune, who was Norimori's son-in-law.
- 近江国(滋賀県)滋賀郡古市郷(現在の大津市)に生れ、俗名は三津首広野(みつのおびとひろの)。
- He was born in Furuichi Village, Shiga County, Omi Province (present day Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture), and his popular name was MITSU no Obito Hirono.
- 溝尾庄兵衛が、光秀の首を持ち帰られたとされる谷性寺(亀岡市宮前町)には明智光秀公首塚がある。
- There is a grave for Mitsuhide AKECHI's head in Kokusho-ji Temple (Miyamae-cho, Kameoka City) where Shobei MIZOO brought it.
- 天狗党に近い藩首脳が更迭され、代わって反対派の諸生党が台頭すると、玉造組は即時に弾圧された。
- Leaders of the Clan close to Tengu-to Party were changed, and when Shosei-to Party which was opposed to Tengu-to Party gained power, Tamatsukuri-gumi was immediately suppressed.
- 敗れた仲麻呂は妻子と琵琶湖に舟をだして逃れようとするが官兵石村石楯に捕らえられて斬首された。
- Nakamaro tried to run away with his wife and sons to Biwa-ko Lake by boat, but was caught by an army personnel, IWARE no Iwatate, to be beheaded.
- なお、岐阜城攻防戦で討ち死にした家臣の首級は江戸へ送られ、麻布原の首塚に供養されたとされる。
- It is said that the severed heads of his retainers who were killed in the battle of the besieged Gifu-jo Castle were sent to Edo and their memorial service was held in the tomb of the heads in Azabuhara.
- 重衡は29日に帰京し、この時持ち帰られた49の首級は、ことごとく溝や堀にうち捨てられたという。
- Shigehira returned to Kyoto on the 29th and it is said that 49 severed heads brought back then were all thrown out to ditches and moats.
- 盛信の首のない遺体は彼を崇める地元の領民によって埋葬され、そこは今も「五郎山」と呼ばれている。
- Morinobu's headless body was buried by local residents who revered him, and his burial mound is called Mt. Goro even today.
- 10月17日 (旧暦)(11月13日)、常禅寺において猪熊が、鴨川の河原で兼安が斬首となった。
- On November 13, Inokuma and Kaneyasu were beheaded at the Jozen-ji Temple and on the bank of the Kamo-gawa River, respectively.
- 第二の統一王朝高麗は半島の南北から租税の米穀を首都の開城に廻送するために海上ルートを利用した。
- The second unified kingdom Goryeo used routes on the sea to send tax rice collected from the north and south to its capital Kaesong.
- この不敵な内容に忠清が激怒し、兵法に反して使者2人の首を斬った(『山槐記』『玉葉』『吉記』)。
- Furious at this bold letter, Tadakiyo, in violation of the art of warfare, beheaded the two envoys who had brought the letter (source: 'Sankaiki' (Tadachika NAKAYAMA's diary), 'Gyokuyo,' and 'Kikki' (Tsunefusa YOSHIDA's diary)).
- 「碑文の古きものは、伊豫道後温泉の碑、山城宇治橋の碑、船首王の墓誌等がその最なるものである。」
- The inscription at Iyo Dogo hot spring, the inscription at the Uji-bashi bridge in Yamashiro, and the inscription on the tomb of Funeno ono obito (船首王), and the like are the oldest inscriptions.'
- これが現在でも老ノ坂峠にある首塚大明神で、伝承の通り首から上の病気に霊験あらたかとされている。
- The Kubizuka Daimyo-jin, literally 'head mound great Shinto god,' located at Oi no Saka Pass, is believed to be the Shinto shrine where the head of Shuten Doji was enshrined, and today is visited by many people hoping to be cured of diseases above the neck.
- 業盛が上になって四郎の首を搔こうとするが、そこへ泥屋五郎が助けに現れて、業盛に兜に取りついた。
- When Narimori sat astride Shiro and tried to cut off his head, Goro DOROYA who came to help Shiro threw his arms around Narimori's kabuto (helmet).
- 18日、天誅組は鈴木源内を梟首し、五条を天朝直轄地として、この年の年貢を半減することを宣言する。
- On September 30, Tenchu-gumi displayed the severed head of Gennai SUZUKI and declared that as the Imperial demesne the land tax of Gojo City for that year would be reduced to half of what had been taxed until previous year.
- 国内は異国排斥を唱える攘夷論が高まっていたこともあって、老中首座の阿部は開国要求に頭を悩ませた。
- ABE who was head of the Roju, was especially worried that domestic support for excluding foreigners was on the rise.
- そこで、旧法、現行法及び慣習法の読み方によって、東京(東京都)を唯一の首都と解さない論者もいる。
- Therefore, some advocates do not take Tokyo as the only capital of Japan by interpreting the difference between old laws, existing laws and common laws.
- 最悪、武士としたまま名誉の死を遂げる切腹も申し付けられず斬首刑を受け、お家断絶の可能性もあった。
- In the worst case, the warrior was not given Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment), the honorable death for warriors, but was beheaded and there was a possibility of Oie-danzetsu (disassociation from the family line).
- 軽傷者は全員切腹が命じられ、無疵の者は士分から駕篭かきにいたるまで全員が斬首、家名断絶となった。
- Those who had minor injuries were ordered to commit seppuku, while those who had no injuries, whether they were samurai or palanquin bearers, were decapitated after being forced to forfeit the family name.
- 明治天皇の2度の東京行幸により太政官も東京に移され、東京が事実上の首都と見なされるようになった。
- Since Emperor Meiji visited Tokyo twice the Dajokan moved to Tokyo, and from this point Tokyo was considered the de facto capital.
- 『女士道』によると首は石坂周造がとりもどし、山岡英子(山岡鉄舟の妻)が保管し遺族に渡したという。
- According to Joshido, his head was retrieved by Shuzo ISHIZAKA and was kept by Fusako YAMAOKA (the wife of Tesshu YAMAOKA), who returned it to Hachiro's family.
- 利休の弟子の古田織部、細川忠興らの助命嘆願も空しく、利休は切腹して果て、首が一条戻橋で晒された。
- Although Oribe FURUTA, Tadaoki HOSOKAWA and other disciples asked Hideyoshi to spare Rikyu's life, Rikyu committed Seppuku and died; and his head was displayed at Ichijo-modoribashi Bridge.
- 尾崎は9月6日に参内して明治天皇に謝罪し、更に辞職をするなら一蓮托生と大隈重信首相に食いさがった。
- OZAKI visited the Imperial Palace on September 6 to apologize to the Emperor Meiji, and asked Prime Minister Shigenobu OKUMA persistently to resign together.
- 政府首脳(閔氏一族)が事大政策を採る中、金玉均らは国王高宗 (朝鮮王)のいわば「一本釣り」を計画。
- While the government leaders (the Min family) were serving the Great, Ok-gyun KIM planned to take aim at Gojong-King of Korea only.
- 3世紀前半が最盛期であった邪馬台国は福岡平野の奴国(当時としては大都市の2万戸)を首都としていた。
- Yamatai-Koku kingdom, that peaked in the first half of the third century, placed its capital in Nakoku with 20,000 families, a big city at that time, in Fukuoka hirano.
- しかし、ペリーはこれを無視して、武装した兵員を率いて上陸し、市内を行進しながら首里城まで進軍した。
- Ignoring the refusal, Perry landed with armed soldiers and marched through the city of Naha to Shuri-jo Castle.
- このため、延暦19年(800年)に一旦、陰首・括出の禁止が出されて走還のみが認められることになる。
- Consequently, onshu and kasshutsu were temporarily banned in 800 and only sokan was permitted.
- 義朝は平氏軍と頼政軍の攻撃を受け、山内首藤俊通・片桐景重らが必死の防戦をする間に戦場から脱出した。
- When Yoshitomo's army came under the joint attack of the Taira forces as well as Yorimasa's army, Toshimichi YAMANOUCHI-SUDO and Kageshige KATAGIRI, among others, fought a delaying action to the death, and taking full advantage of the time they had bought him, Yoshitomo slipped away from the battlefield.
- 島津方は田北鎮周・佐伯宗天など主だった武将を初め2000から3000の首級を挙げた(耳川の戦い)。
- Shimazu's army took 2,000 to 3,000 heads in the fighting, (the Battle of Mimi-kawa), including those of senior commanders, such as Shigekane TAKITA and Soten SAIKI.
- 宗盛は鎌倉で頼朝と面会した後、京への送還の途中で近江国篠原宿で源義経の部下橘公長により斬首された。
- After meeting Yoritomo in Kamakura, Munemori was beheaded by TACHIBANA no Kiminaga, MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune's subordinate at Shinohara-shuku in Omi Province.
- 有名な「天の原 ふりさけみれば 春日なる 三笠の山に いでし月かも」は、百人一首にも選ばれている。
- The following famous poem of Nakamaro's was selected as a poem for Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets); 'On the horizon—isn't that the same moon that rises in spring over the Hill of Mikasa?'
- 内閣職権を廃して内閣官制を導入、「大宰相主義」を否定して内閣総理大臣を「同輩中の首席」と位置づけた。
- He abolished the Naikaku Shokken and introduced the Naikaku Kansei, to deny 'Dai saiso (great prime minister)-ism' and position the prime minister as 'the top among colleagues'.
- 日本史においては、歴史的用語として、古墳時代・大和時代ごろまでの地方の首長層、在地勢力を豪族と呼ぶ。
- In the Japanese history, as a historical term, a local chief class and local power clan until the Kofun period (tumulus period) and the Yamato period were called Gozoku.
- 彼の弟である田丸稲之衛門の次女八重(諸生党によって斬首)も、17歳とは思えない辞世の句を残している。
- Also, Yae (beheaded by shoseito), the second daughter of Hyobu's younger brother Inanoemon TAMARU, left a death haiku which cannot be believed to have been written by a 17-year-old.
- 第二条 この法律で「首都圏」とは、東京都の区域及び政令で定めるその周辺の地域を一体とした広域をいう。
- Article 2: In this law, 'national capital region' means the wide area incorporating Tokyo and its nearby area.
- また、首を敵にひきわたすときは暇乞いの矢といって、征矢1筋をそえ、右に持って、首桶の緒を左手にもつ。
- Also, when heads were handed-over to the enemy this act was called 'arrow of farewell'; a single used arrow from the battlefield was carried in the right hand and the cord securing the bucket with the head in it was carried in the left hand.
- しかし当時の老中首座土屋政直が従来どおり来日を招聘すべしと異論を挟んだため、白石も折れた経緯がある。
- However, there was the background that Masanao TSUCHIYA, the head of roju (member of shogun's council of elders) at that time, insisted on inviting Tsushinshi as in the past and Hakuseki had to make concessions.
- ヤマト政権は、地方の大首長を国造などに任命し、政治的支配をそのまま認める形で、全国的に支配していた。
- The Yamato Dynasty appointed local leaders as kuni no miyatsuko, and controlled all of the provinces via such political control.
- 戦国時代 (日本)における落武者は、首に対する恩賞や所持品を狙う農民による落武者狩りの対象とされた。
- During the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), ochimusha were hunted by farmers who sought their belongings or reward in exchange for their head.
- 水稲農耕に必要な首長権力や、共同体の結束強化、内部と外部での階級差を反映しているとも考えられている。
- The different size of moats were probably representing how strong a chieftaincy's controlling power was over wet-rice cultivation in the area, how tight the community was united, or the difference in villager classes who lived inside and outside the moat.
- これは首露王と王妃許氏の間に10人の息子がおり、そのうち2人に許姓を名乗らせたと言う事から来ている。
- This stems from the fact that King Suro-wang and his wife from the Heo clan had ten sons, two of which were given the family name of Heo.
- それは『続日本紀』養老5年(721年)に大津首・津守通の両名が陰陽博士として登場しているためである。
- It is because two Onmyo hakase, OTSU no Obito and TSUMORI no Toru, appeared in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) in its entry about the year 721.
- 13世紀には、高麗はモンゴル帝国の攻撃を避けるために首都を江華島に移して数十年にわたる抗戦を続けた。
- During the thirteenth century, Goryeo transferred its capital to Gonghwa Island in order to avoid attacks from the Mongolian Empire, and continued resistance activities for decades.
- また、首都については、当初京都では旧弊が多いとして、大阪市遷都論が大久保利通を中心として唱えられた。
- In addition, Toshimichi OKUBO insisted at first that the capital should be transferred to Osaka as there were many old-fashioned customs related to the old regime in Kyoto.
- のち利三の首は彼と親交の深かった絵師の海北友松により京都市左京区浄土寺真如町の真正極楽寺へ葬られた。
- Toshimitsu's head was subsequently buried by a painter named Yusho KAIHOKU, within the precints of the Shinsho Gokuraku-ji Temple located in Jodojishinnyo-cho of Sakyo Ward in Kyoto City, as it is known today.
- そして、ある夜、首が胴体を求めて白光を放って東の方へ飛んでいったと言い伝えられ、頸塚は京都にはない。
- Then, one night the head emitted a white light and flew due east in search of its body; therefore, the head burial mound is not found in Kyoto.
- しかし主君の命令には逆らえず、結局は本能寺の変に首謀者の一人として参加せざるを得なくなったとされる。
- It is assumed, however, that he could not disobey the order of his lord, and was in the end compelled to take part in the Honno-ji Incident as one of the principle co-conspirators.
- 白氏文集の詩を道風が興に乗じて書いた巻子本で、巻首が「玉泉南澗花奇怪」の句で始まるのでこの名がある。
- The Hakushimonju (an anthology of poems by Hakkyoi (also known as BAI Juyi), a famous Chinese poet) caught the interest of Michikaze, who then penned a Kansubon that began with the first words from the poem 'Strange flowers in Nankan, Gyokusen,' giving the scroll its name.
- 『後撰和歌集』(歌番号637)と『新勅撰和歌集』(歌番号1282)に1首ずつ入集する歌人でもあった。
- He was a Kajin poet, and his poems were collected in 'Gosen Wakashu' (Later selected collection of Japanese poetry) (Poem Number 637) and 'Shin chokusen wakashu' (A new anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) (Poem Number 1282).
- 文久3年4月13日幕府の刺客、佐々木只三郎、窪田鎮章など6名によって麻布一ノ橋で討たれ首を切られた。
- On April 13th of the 3rd Year of Bunkyu, Hachiro was attacked by 6 assassins of the Shogunate, including Tadasaburo SASAKI and Shigeaki KUBOTA, at Azabu Ichinohashi, and was beheaded.
- 義仲は天台宗の最高の地位にある僧の明雲の首を「そんな者が何だ」と川に投げ捨てたという(『愚管抄』)。
- It is said that Yoshinaka tossed the head of Myoun, the monk of the highest rank in Tendai Shu, into the river, saying 'Who cares about such a man?' ('Gukansho')
- 以降、近衛は、彼らグループの中心として、親ソ的な現在の陸軍首脳部を追うことで終戦を目指すようになる。
- After that, Konoe, as the central figure in their group, aimed to end the war by ousting the then pro-Soviet leaders of the Army.
- 康平5年(1062年)、国府側が出羽清原氏と結ぶと劣勢となり、9月には厨川の戦いに敗れて斬首された。
- However, when the Kokufu side built an alliance with the Dewa Kiyohara clan in 1062, the Abe clan was pushed into an inferior position, leading to the beheading of Sadato after being lost in the Battle of Kuriyagawa in September.
- また、信康の首塚は若宮八幡宮(岡崎市)(信長死去までは菅生八幡宮)に存在し、祭神として合祀されている。
- Moreover, the tomb of Nobuyasu's head is in Wakamiya Hachimangu Shrine in Okazaki City, (formerly known as Sugao Hachimangu until Nobunaga's death) and it is enshrined together as a deity.
- この詔書の趣旨について、東京を京都と並び首都とすること(複都論)を定めたに過ぎないと解する立場がある。
- Concerning this edict, another view asserts multiple capitals in which Tokyo is the capital along with Kyoto.
- また原が衆議院に議席を有する現役衆議院議員の初の首相であったことから政党内閣として画期的存在とされた。
- It was an epoch-making party cabinet in the regard that Hara was the first prime minister who was an incumbent member of the House of Representative.
- 今後、クウェートの首長位はジャービル系が独占し、サリーム系は凋落の道をたどるであろうと予測されている。
- In the future, the post of Chief is expected to be monopolized by the Jabir line and it is predicted that the Salim line will decline.
- 織田信忠の首こそ無事であったが、「荒木村重軍強し」との評判は京都まで伝わり今様が流行るまでにいたった。
- Although the head of Nobutada ODA was safe, news that 'Troops of Murashiga ARAKI was strong' was communicated even to Kyoto so that imayo (popular style of song since Heian period) became popular.
- 2001年に小泉首相の所信表明演説が書籍として出版された際のタイトルは「万機公論に決すべし」であった。
- In 2001 the policy speech of Prime Minister Koizumi was published as a book with the title '万機公論に決すべし (all matters decided by open discussion).'
- 斬首される前に三成は柿(干し柿)を勧められたが「柿を食べると身体に障る」と言って食べなかったとされる。
- Though Mitsunari was offered a dried persimmon before his execution, he said, 'Persimmons aren't good for the health,' and therefore refused to eat it.
- 首は三条河原に晒された後、生前親交のあった春屋宗園・沢庵宗彭に引き取られ京都大徳寺の三玄院に葬られた。
- After his head was pilloried at Sanjo-gawara, it was placed in the care of Soen SHUNOKU and Soho TAKUAN, who had formed close relationships with Mitsunari, and was buried at Sangenin in Daitoku-ji Temple, Kyoto.
- その成親が平氏打倒の首謀者であったことで、重盛の面目は丸潰れとなり政治的地位を失墜させることになった。
- Because of the fact that Narichika actually was the leader of the conspiracy to bring down the Taira clan, Shigemori was greatly ashamed and lost his political standing.
- 文治5年(1189年)6月13日_(旧暦)、首実検が和田義盛と梶原景時らによって、腰越の浦で行われた。
- On June 13, 1189 (old lunar calendar), the head was examined by Yoshimori WADA and Kagetoki KAJIWARA at Koshigoe no Ura beach.
- 同日、巡査たちとは別に、大久保が派遣した野村綱が県庁に自首した(野村の口供書は『薩南血涙史』に掲載)。
- On the same day, Tsuna NOMURA, who was sent by Okubo, surrendered himself at a prefectural office, separately from the patrol officers, and the deposition of Noguchi is reported in '(Satsunan Ketsurui (bitter tears) shi (the history of Satsunan, the south part of Satsuma)'.
- 何を参考にして作成されたのか明確な資料は現存していないが、構造は当時のイギリスの絞首刑台に良く似ている。
- Today there remain no materials that tell what was referenced to prepare the Scheme, but the structure of the devices shown in the Scheme resembles that of gallows which were used in England in those days.
- 道の字は⻌(しんにょう)が終わりを、首が始まりを示し、道の字自体が太極にもある二元論的要素を表している。
- The 首 part of the 道 character means the start, while the remaining encircling portion means the end, so the character itself reflects the dualism of Taiji (the root of all things).
- 3世紀の後半には、西日本各地に特殊な壺形土器、器台形土器を伴った弥生時代の墓制墳丘墓(首長墓)が現れる。
- At the end of the third century, one of the Yayoi period's burial systems was called the funkyubo (grave mound or tumulus) [tombs of Shucho (head of an organization, chief)]; these tumulus appeared all over western Japan, and those funkyubo would have contained unique tsubogata doki (jar-shaped pottery vessels, unglazed earthenware) and kidaigata doki (stand-shaped pottery vessels, unglazed earthenware) inside.
- 警察が首謀者、リーダーと目していた人物らは、14、15日に相次いで逮捕され、逮捕者の数は67名となった。
- The police arrested the persons whom they regarded as ringleaders on February 14 and 15 and totally sixty-seven demonstrators were arrested.
- 作法はすべからく戦場にあるが如く、大将の首級などは敵方から奪還に来襲することも大いにあり得るからである。
- Etiquette was maintained as if on the battlefield; decapitated heads of commanders were highly likely to have been recovered from the enemy side.
- 王権形成が進み古墳時代に入ると、首長層は共同体の外部に居館を置くようになり、環濠集落は次第に解体される。
- Once Wakoku had advanced its sovereignty by early Kofun (tumulus) period, chiefs began placing their residences outside the village, and moat settlements were gradually dismantled.
- 殉死(じゅんし)とは、王や皇帝、首長、祭司王などの喪や埋葬に際して、近親者や従者がそれを追って死ぬこと。
- Junshi is applied to the death of a close relative or a follower of a king, an emperor, a chief, or a priest, resulted from suicide to follow his or her master in death.
- 高野勢は大将南蓮上院弁仙と副将橋口隼人らがこれを防ぎ、竹田ら四将を討ち取り甲首131を挙げる勝利を得た。
- The Koya army including the general commander Bensen of Nanrenjo-in Temple and the vice-commander Hayato HASHIGUCHI prevented it and killed four samurai such as Takeda and got 131 koshu (the head of a warrior).
- これに対して、新井白石や徳川吉宗ら歴代の幕府首脳はこうした動きにたびたび禁令を発して取締りを強めてきた。
- As a countermeasure, successive leaders of the Bakufu, such as Hakuseki ARAI and Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, often issued prohibitions on these acts.
- 衆議院に「鉄道国有に関する建議案」が提出、可決され、調査期間として首相直属の鉄道国有調査会が設置された。
- The bill of proposal on railway nationalization' was submitted to the House of Representatives and passed, and the Committee on railway nationalization under the direct control of the Prime Minister was established.
- 以蔵も過酷な拷問に耐えたが、遂に全てを白状し、慶応元年(1865年)5月11日に打ち首、晒し首となった。
- Izo endured severe torture, but he finally made a full confession and was beheaded on May 11 1865, and his head was put on public display.
- 関ヶ原の戦いまで成羽(鶴首)城主の地位にあったが、関ヶ原の戦い後、備中成羽からの離封を余儀なくされ没落。
- He remained in the position of lord of Nariwa-jo Castle (Kakushu-jo Castle) until the Battle of Sekigahara, after which he was forced to leave Nariwa in Bicchu Province and lost his power.
- また藩首脳部は、崋山ら反対派の慰撫の目的もあって、友信に前藩主の格式を与え、巣鴨に別邸を与えて優遇した。
- The top management of the domain also granted the status of former domain lord to Tomonobu and gave him preferential treatment by giving him a separate residence at Sugamo, partly for the purpose of soothing the opposition group, including Kazan.
- 死後、秀次の一族・妻妾・息子・娘・家臣の多くが粛清され、秀次の首は秀吉によって京都の三条河原に曝された。
- After his death, the family of Hidetsugu, his wives and concubines, sons and daughters along with many of his vassals, were purged, and the head of Hidetsugu was exposed by Hideyoshi at Sanjogawara in Kyoto.
- 元老が議会勢力に妥協した結果、当時衆議院第一党であった憲政党の首班大隈と板垣に大命が降下されて組閣された。
- As a result of compromise of Genro (elder statesman) to force of the Diet, OKUMA, who was the head seat of the Constitutional Party, the leading party in the House of Representatives at that time, and ITAGAKI formed the cabinet, receiving an Imperial mandate.
- 加屋・斎藤らは銃撃を受け死亡し、首謀者の太田黒も銃撃を受けて重傷を負い、付近の民家に避難したのち自刃した。
- KAYA, SAITO and others were shot to death, and the ringleader OTAGURO, too, was injured by gunshot, took refuge to a nearby private house and then committed suicide.
- 裁判の結果、事件の首謀者9人が台湾総督府によって死刑に処され、有期刑や行政処分にあった者も97人を数えた。
- The outcome of the trial resulted in the execution of nine ringleaders of the affair by the Governor General of Taiwan, and more than 97 people were sentenced to imprisonment for a definite term or an administrative punishment.
- 大宰府(倭京618年~695年)は九州王朝の首都であり、日本最古の風水の四神相応を考慮した計画都市である。
- Dazai-fu (618-695 in the city in Yamato) is the capital of the Kyushu dynasty, and it is the oldest city developed adopting Shijin-soo of Feng Shui (geomancy).
- 外務大臣井上馨は条約改正のため鹿鳴館外交と呼ばれる欧化政策を採り、その一環として壮大な首都建設を構想した。
- Minister of Foreign Affairs, Kaoru INOUE employed the policy of Europeanization which was called the Rokumeikan (Rokumeikan guest house) diplomacy to aim at revising the European treaties and the grand capital construction was an integral part of the policy.
- 憲法施行に際し、時の黒田清隆首相らは、政府は政党の外に立って政策遂行にあたるべきだと主張した(超然主義)。
- In enforcing the Constitution, the then Prime Minister Kiyotaka KURODA and others insisted that the government should execute its policies without being influenced by political parties, which was called Chozen shugi (Transcendentalism).
- 初出は『日本書紀』にある持統天皇5年(691年)条で、木素丁武・沙宅万首が呪禁博士であったことが知られる。
- The jugon hakase first appears in the written record in the section of the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) detailing the year 691 that Chobu MOKUSO (木素丁武) and Banshu SATAKU (沙宅万首) were the jugon hakase.
- 986年(寛和2年)に比叡山内延暦寺横川にあった首楞厳院で、25人の僧が結集して結成された念仏結社である。
- It was a Nenbutsu association established in 986 by 25 monks who gathered at Shuryogonin in Enryaku-ji Temple, Yokawa within Mt. Hie.
- しかし、大同 (日本)元年(806年)には復活し、更に斉衡2年(855年)に再度、陰首・括出が禁止された。
- Onshu and kasshutsu were reinstated in 806, but were banned again in 855.
- 首長となったサバーハは、異母弟ナワーフを皇太子に、甥ナーセルを首相に任命し、要職をジャービル系で独占した。
- After Sabah became Chief, he named his younger half brother Nawaf, who has the same father, as Crown Prince and his nephew Nasser as Prime Minister, and major positions are taken up by the Jabir line.
- 4年「今より以降国郡に長を立て、県邑に首を置かむ。即ち当国の幹了しき者を取りて、其の国郡の首長に任ぜよ。」
- Year 4 'Appoint heads of provinces and districts, install chiefs of territories and villages; appoint the ruler of this province as head of that province and district.'
- 1871年(明治4年)10月、宮古島から首里へ年貢を輸送し、帰途についた琉球御用船が台風による暴風で遭難。
- In October 1871, a Ryukyu-controlled ship was caught in a violent typhoon and went missing on their way home after carrying nengu (annual tribute) from Miyako Island to Shuri.
- 刀子娘の事件は、異母兄弟の首皇子の競争相手を排除しようとしての藤原不比等・県犬養三千代夫婦の陰謀とされる。
- The Tone no Iratsume's incident is allegedly a conspiracy hatched by FUJIWARA no Fuhito and his wife Agata no INUKAI no Michiyo to eliminate rivals and ensure the enthronement of Prince Obito, who was Fuhito's half brother born from a different mother.
- 710年(和銅3)に平城京に遷都されるまで持統・文武・元明の三天皇が居住した16年間、日本の首都であった。
- Fujiwara-kyo was the Imperial capital of Japan for 16 years for the reigns of Empress Jito, Emperor Monmu, and Empress Genmei until its capital was relocated to Heijo-kyo in 710.
- 攻略には至らなかったがこの攻撃で籠城側は抗戦を断念し、翌22日、主だった者53人の首を差し出して降伏した。
- The besiegers could not capture the castle, but the besieged gave up resistance with this attack and surrendered, submitting 53 heads of important persons on the following day, the 2nd.
- 一方海上についてみると、中国の東方には広大な海が広がるが、歴代の統一王朝は首都を内陸の関中や河南省に置いた
- Meanwhile, in terms of the sea, though there is a vast sea to the east of China, each successive unified kingdom set its capital in the inland Guangzhong or in Hunan Province.
- そのため、選択に迫られた首脳は8月17日午後4時、官軍の長井包囲網を脱するため、遂に可愛岳突破を決意した。
- Therefore, the leaders of the Satsuma army, who were forced to make a decision, at last decided at 4 PM, August 17, to break through Mt. Eno in order to get rid of the siege of Nagai Village laid by the government army.
- 列聖式には日本正教会から、首座主教である全日本の府主教主代郁夫と、東日本の主教セラフィム辻永昇が陪祷した。
- Daniel (Ikuo) NUSHIRO, the Metropolitan Bishop of All Japan, and Seraphim Noboru TSUJIE, Bishop of Eastern Japan, attended the canonization ceremony as representatives of the Japanese Orthodox Church.
- 伝承ではその後、首は藤沢に葬られ白旗神社に祀られたとされ、その際に使われたという首洗い井戸が残されている。
- According to the traditional literature, the head was buried at Fujisawa and enshrined at Shirahata-jinja Shrine, and the well that is said to have been used at that time to wash the head still remains.
- 幕府の追討軍が送られてくるのは確実であり、忠光ら首脳部は協議の末、本陣を要害堅固な天の辻へ移すことを決める。
- It was certain that the hunt force of the bakufu would be sent; leaders including Tadamitsu had a conference, after which they decided to move the headquarters to Ten no Tsuji where the fort was stronger.
- 第2次桂内閣は、1908年(明治41年)7月12日に大命降下を受けた桂が、首相と大蔵大臣を兼務して発足する。
- The Second Katsura Cabinet assumed office on July 12, 1908 by the Prime Minister Katsura serving concurrently as Minister of Finance under the imperial command.
- 首都移転は皇室の座所の移動(御動座)を伴うものだとするもの(1996年の橋本龍太郎内閣総理大臣の国会答弁)。
- Relocation of capital should be accompanied with the movement of zasho (a room for a noble person) (an account in the Diet by prime minister Ryutaro Hashimoto in 1996)
- そして1932年5月、海軍青年将校らによる犬養毅首相の暗殺(五・一五事件)をもって政党内閣は終わりをつげた。
- In May 1932, young Naval officers assassinated Prime Minister Tsuyoshi INUKAI (the May 15th Incident), which put to an end to party cabinets.
- 『万葉集』は759年(天平宝字3年)までの歌約4500首を収録した歌集で、雄略天皇の歌が巻頭をかざっている。
- 'Manyoshu' is a collection of about 4,500 poems up until 759 and a poem by the Emperor Yuryaku is placed at the front.
- 会議では、最初に西園寺が後継首相に推薦されたが、これを受ければ勅語に反することになるとして西園寺は固辞した。
- During the meeting, at first, Saionji was recommended as the succeeding Prime Minister, but Saionji firmly declined because accepting this recommendation would betray the Ordinance.
- 不比等の死後、首皇子が皇位に就くと、不比等の4人の男子(藤原四兄弟)と長屋王ら反対派の対立が深まっていった。
- When Obitono-oji succeeded to the throne after Fuhito's death, there arose a conflict between the four sons of Fuhito (four Fujiwara brothers) and their opponents led by Nagayao, which deepened as time progressed.
- 総理大臣松方正義ら政府首脳が大逆罪の適用を強く主張していたこともあり、大審院は事件を自ら処理することとした。
- The Prime Minister, Masayoshi MATSUKATA, and other senior Japanese governmental officials strongly insisted on the application of high treason, so the Daishin-in decided to deal with the incident by themselves.
- この器具は死刑囚のうなじに縄をかけ、その縄の先に20貫(約75Kg)の重石を吊り下げて絞首する仕組みであった。
- This equipment had a structure to choke a condemned by tying a rope around his nape of neck, then setting heavy stones corresponding to 20 kan (unit of volume, approx.3.75 kg) (about 75 kg) at the end of the rope.
- 大坂の役にて徳川家康本陣が真田信繁隊の突進を受けた際に、旗奉行に不首尾があり、このことを家康は厳しく詮議した。
- When the headquarters of army of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was attacked by the squad of Nobushige SANADA in the Siege of Osaka, the Hata Bugyo ended in failure, which was strictly questioned by Ieyasu.
- 1世紀には倭国が北部九州を中心にとした地域に成立し、倭国王は博多湾近くの倭奴国に首都をおいて漢に朝貢していた。
- In the first century, Wakoku was established mainly in the northern Kyushu, and the king of wakoku established the capital in Wanonanokuni (small country in the Hakata area of Fukuoka prefecture) close to the Hakata Bay, paying tribute to the Han dynasty.
- 『隋書』に「都於邪靡堆、則魏志所謂邪馬臺者也」とあり、邪馬臺国は7世紀まで倭の首都として存続したと考えられる。
- Since there was a description of people from Yamatai-koku in 'Suishu' (the Book of the Sui Dynasty), Yamatai-koku as the capital of Wa probably existed until the seventh century.
- そこで、里右衛門は戻り、三之允に3箇所傷を負わせたところ、喜兵衛が助けようとし、里右衛門は喜兵衛の首を刎ねた、
- Therefore, Riuemon returned to the site and inflicted three wounds on Sannojo, and when Kihei tried to rescue his son, Riuemon decapitated Kihei.
- 宝亀元年(770年)には蝦夷の首長が賊地に逃げ帰り、翌2年の渤海使が出羽野代(現在の秋田県能代市)に来着した。
- In 770, a chief of the Emishi/Ezo army was defeated in a battle with the Imperial army and was forced to retreat to his homeland, and in the following year, 771, a delegate from Bo-Hai Dynasty arrived at Noshiro of Dewa Province (modern day Noshiro City in Akita Prefecture).
- 律令制に置いては首都を東西に分けて東側を「左京(さきょう)」、西側を「右京(うきょう)」と呼ぶ慣わしがあった。
- In the Ritsuryo system, it was conventional to divide the Capital into the east part and west part, and to call the east part 'Sakyo,' and call the west part 'Ukyo.'
- 爵位を持たない衆議院議員を首相とする初の内閣となったということで、民衆からは「平民宰相」と呼ばれ、歓迎された。
- He was called 'Commoner Prime Minister' and welcomed by the people since it was the first cabinet whose prime minister was a member of the House of Representatives who did not have the peerage.
- 『貫首秘抄』に、摂関・蔵人らが天皇の御作法や政治への顧問、幼帝の教育の方法を知るための必見の書と書かれている。
- It is described as a must-read for Sekkan (regents and advisers) and Kurodo (Chamberlain) to learn the Emperor's manners and the way of working as a political advisor and educating young emperors in 'Kanjuhisho' (accounts on the hints on Kurodo, written by FUJIWARA no Toshinori).
- 火災後、「見渡せば京も田舎となりにけり芦の仮屋の春の夕暮」と書かれた落首が市中に貼られた(『元禄宝永珍話』)。
- After the fire, there was a satirical poem posted around the city, which read: 'Looking around, I see how even the city of Kyoto was turned into countryside./A spring even-fall visits our temporary abode made of reed' ('Genroku Hoei Chinwa' (Comical Stories from the Eras of Genroku and Hoei)).
- これに対して黄金を下したため、これを見た農民たちは武田方の名のあるものを探して殺し、その首を織田方に献上した。
- Given gold in exchange for these heads, farmers searched for important members of the Takeda clan to kill them and present their heads to Oda's army.
- この他にも諏訪刑部・諏訪采女・段嶺某・長篠某といった者たちを農民を使って殺させ、その首が織田方へと献上された。
- Nobutada ODA also employed farmers to kill many other people, including ministers of justice, court ladies and persons named Damine or Nagashino, whose severed heads were presented to his army.
- しかしながら、家康は長安の半ば腐敗した遺体を掘り起こして斬首し、さらにその首を安倍川の川原で晒し首にしている。
- However, Ieyasu had Nagayasu's half-decayed dead body dug out, decapitated it, and exposed the head on the river bed of the Abe-gawa River to be viewed publicly.
- 追討軍は為朝を恐れてなかなか上陸しなかったが、加藤景廉が既に自害していると見極め薙刀をもって為朝の首をはねた。
- The imperial army would not land on the island for quite some time out of fear of Tametomo, but Kagekado KATO, ascertaining that he had already committed suicide, went and cut off Tametomo's head using his naginata (halberd).
- 代官所の人数は30人程で、意気軒昂な天誅組に抗することができず代官所方は敗北し、鈴木源内は首を刎ねられてしまう。
- The number of people in the magistrate's office was about 30; they were unable to resist Tenchu-gumi whose members were in high spirits; accordingly the magistrate's office was defeated and Gennai SUZUKI was decapitated.
- 結局、政府からの処分は、徳島藩側主謀者小倉富三郎・新居水竹ら10人が斬首(のちに藩知事の嘆願陳情で切腹になる)。
- Eventually, the punishment from the government was that 10 people, including Tomisaburo OGURA and Suichiku NII, who were the key leaders from the Tokushima Domain, were decapitated (they committed Seppuku [ritual suicide] at the petition to appeal of the governor of the domain, later).
- 国司が引き渡しを命じると、永基は法師の首を斬り梟首したが、誰の首かもわからず、永基は検非違使の尋問を受けている。
- At the order of Kokushi (provincial governor), Nagamoto beheaded the hoshi and exposed his head to the public, but it was not clear whose head it was and Nagamoto was questioned by kebiishi (officials with judicial and police powers).
- そこへ義時率いる大軍が襲いかかり、激戦4時間余りののち、重忠は愛甲季隆の矢に討たれ、首級を取られた(享年42)。
- He was attacked by an army led by Yoshitoki HOJO, and after four hours of battle he was shot by Suetaka AIKO's arrow and beheaded (he was 42 years old).
- 戦死者の霊を弔うため戦場近くに隼人塚、朝廷側の拠点であった豊前国には凶首塚(現在の宇佐市百体神社)が建てられた。
- Hayato-zuka burial mound was built near the battlefield and Kyoshu-zuka burial mound (present Hyakutai-jinja Shrine in Usa City) was built in Buzen Province where the base of the Imperial court was located, in order to mourn for the war dead.
- 藩鎮の総数は50を超え、首都長安・副都洛陽の周辺部を除いた全ての地域が藩鎮の支配下に置かれるようになるのである。
- The total number of hanchin amounted to more than 50, and all the districts except for the areas around the capital Changan and the sub-capital Luoyang were placed under hanchin's control.
- 陰首(おんしゅ)とは、律令制において戸籍や計帳から欠落している者及び浮浪の者が自主的に名乗り出て登録されること。
- Under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), onshu was the registration of a person who came forward after having been missing from the family registers or the keicho (yearly tax registers), or after having been away from the place of registry.
- 秀吉の朝鮮出兵は「鼻を削いで首にかえよ」という残虐な侵略戦であったため長く朝鮮民衆の間にその非道が語り継がれた。
- Hideyoshi's invasion into Korea was a war of cruel aggression and a story of cruel acts as shown in his order to 'cut off the nose instead of the head' as a reminder passed down from generation to generation.
- 崇峻天皇は猪を指して「いつか猪の首を切るように、朕が憎いと思う者を斬りたいものだ」と発言し、多数の兵を召集した。
- Pointing to the boar, Emperor Sushun declared that he wished to chop off the head of the person he hated in the same way he would chop off the head of that boar; and, he gathered a large number of soldiers.
- 2月に捕虜となった義仲の家臣樋口兼光を重国が預かり、郎党が首を切ろうとしたが斬り損じたため、高重が兼光を斬った。
- In February, Shigekuni took in custody Kanemitsu HIGUCHI, one of the retainers of the captive Yoshinaka, and Shigekuni's retainers tried to behead Kanemitsu but failed, so Shigekuni killed him instead.
- 泰衡は義経の首を差し出し、先に殺害した弟頼衡と同じく義経派であった別の弟藤原忠衡も殺して、頼朝に助命を願い出る。
- Yasuhira forwarded the head of Yoshitsune, in addition to killing his other younger brother FUJIWARA no Tadahira, who was also on Yoshitsune's side, as he did with his younger brother Yorihira, and begged Yoritomo for his life.
- 暴動収拾後も人々の反発は収まらず、桂太郎首相は立憲政友会を率いる西園寺公望と密かに会談を持って収拾策を話し合った。
- People's repellence couldn't calm down even after the revolt was suppressed, so Prime Minister Taro KATSURA secretly had a meeting with Kinmochi SAIONJI, Leader of the Rikken seiyukai, to discuss about the relief program.
- 渡辺悌輔、月岡帯刀、川崎九郎次等、捕縛された首謀者と殺害の下手人等の合わせて7名はいずれも9月10日に処刑された。
- Seven criminals including Teisuke WATANABE, Tatewaki TSUKIOKA, Kuroji KAWASAKI and the other arrested ringleaders and murderers were put to death on September 10th.
- これに対し律令政府は、蓄銭叙位令発布と同時に私鋳銭鋳造を厳罰に定め、首謀者は死罪、従犯者は没官、家族は流罪とした。
- On the other hand, Ritsuryo government severely punished the minting of Shichusen as soon as Chikusen-joirei was issued; furthermore, the government anounced that ringleaders would be executed, accessories would be confiscated, and their families would be deported.
- しかしながら、喜兵衛は惣右衛門を救いたい一念から里右衛門に打ってかかったため、里右衛門は喜兵衛の首を打ち落とした。
- However, solely hoping to rescue Soemon, Kihei rushed at Riuemon and hit him, so Riuemon decapitated Kihei.
- 摂関家における歌合で記録に残るものでは、建治元年(1275年)の一条実経による摂政家月十首歌合以来のものであった。
- According to the records of utaawase (waka poetry contest) hosted by sekkanke (the families which produced the regent and the chief adviser to the emperor), it was the first utaawase since Sekkanke Tsukijusshu Utaawase was held by Sanetsune ICHIJO in 1275.
- ペルシア湾の最深部に位置する小国クウェートは、サバーハ家が首長(アミール)の称号を名乗り統治している君主国である。
- Kuwait, a small country located at the far end of the Persian Gulf is a monarchy with the House of Al-Sabah ruling as chief (Emir).
- これは、手首に親指を当てて脈拍を計る様子を形取ったものであり、そこから親指の幅を指す現在の寸の意味になったという。
- This represents the shape that a thumb is counting somebody's pulse by feeling the wrist, which is said to lead to the character's present meaning of the breadth of a thumb.
- 更に馬術や鷹狩りなどにも抜群の力量を示して「龍山公鷹百首」という鷹狩りの専門的な解説書を兼ねた歌集も執筆している。
- In addition, he displayed outstanding competence in horsemanship and falconry, writing 'Ryuzankotakahyakushu (龍山公鷹百首),' which was an anthology of waka and a technical guide for falconry.
- 江戸時代末期に尊皇攘夷派により尊氏、義満の木像と合わせて三条河原に梟首される事件が起こる(足利三代木像梟首事件)。
- At the end of the Edo period there was an incident in which the head was displayed on the dry bed of the Kamo-gawa River, along with the wooden statues of Takauji and Yoshimitsu, by Sonno-Joi faction (Ashikaga Shogun Portrait Pillory Incident).
- (4)奈良における皇室宮殿の配置と現存文化財の設計は、初期アジアの首都群の建築と都市設計に関するきわだった例である。
- 4. The layout of the imperial household palace in Nara Prefecture and the designs of the existing cultural properties are remarkable examples of early Asian architecture in a capital city and city planning.
- これは革命前のフランスでは絞首刑で稀に蘇生した死刑囚がいたが、この場合国王が赦免した事例があったことが参考とされた。
- This was referred to a case in France before the revolution in which there was a condemned who resuscitated after hanging and the king pardoned the condemned.
- 飛鳥時代の多くの期間は、この地域に天皇(大王 (ヤマト王権))の宮が置かれており、今日的にいえば日本の首都であった。
- For the most part of the Asuka period, the emperor (or okimi [great king]) of Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) had a palace in the area, that is, Asuka-kyo was what is now called the capital of Japan.
- ただし、南朝 (日本)の本拠は全て行宮、すなわち仮の拠点として扱われ、正式な首都は平安京と見なしていたと推測される。
- But it is presumed that the headquarter of Southern Court was treated as Angu (a tentative foothold), and Heian-Kyo was regarded the official capital.
- しかし国家元首に謁見すること、すなわち清朝皇帝と会見することは、長い間非常に高いハードルがあったと言わねばならない。
- However, to have an audience with a head of China, namely an emperor, there was a very high bar for long time.
- また彼らは古代以来の首長層に替わって、出挙を通じて公民を隷属下に収めていき、地方の人民支配の主体ともなりつつあった。
- Also, they took the place of the ruling-class since ancient times, forced the public into a servile position through suikyo (land lease at interest) and became dominant local governors of the people.
- 彦根藩では、これに先立って直弼の腹心だった長野主膳や宇津木六之丞を斬首・打ち捨てに処したが、減封は免れられなかった。
- Although Naosuke's confidants, Shuzen NAGANO and Rokunojo UTSUGI, had already been decapitated and killed by the Hikone clan, their families still incurred a reduction in land value.
- 役人が位階獲得を目的に私鋳銭を製造しないよう、私鋳銭製造に対しては官位剥奪、「斬」(首を切る極刑)の罰が加えられた。
- In order to prevent government officials counterfeiting coins in order to obtain Ikai (Court rank), any person who manufactured counterfeit coins was punished with removal of official rank and 'zan' (execution by decapitation).
- 「大宰」の本来の意味は中国の宰相(総理大臣)であり、「大宰府」とは「政治を行う所」つまり「首都」という意味に取れる。
- The original meaning of `Dazai' is the prime minister of China, and based on that, `Dazai-fu' can be taken as the meaning of `the place where the affairs of state are conducted,' or `the capital.'
- またでは、実は敦盛は後白河院のご落胤で、直実はそれを知っていて、自分の息子小次郎の首を刎ねたという記述となっている。
- In the Kabuki play of 'Ichinotani Futaba Gunki Kumagaya Jinya no ba', Atsumori is portrayed as an illegitimate child of the retired Emperor Goshirakawa, and Naozane, who knew it, beheaded his own son, Kojiro, instead.
- また後室の県犬養三千代の力添えにより、皇室との関係を深め、文武天皇に娘宮子を嫁がせ首皇子(聖武天皇)を産ませている。
- With the support of Agata no INUKAI no Michiyo (later TACHIBANA no Michiyo), a dowager, Fuhito deepened the relations with the Imperial family and married off his daughter, Miyako, to the Emperor Monmu, to both of whom Fuhito's grandson, the Prince Obito (later Emperor Shomu), was born.
- また、秀吉は津田盛月・富田一白を上使として北条氏に派遣し、名胡桃事件の首謀者を処罰して即刻上洛するよう要求している。
- Also, Hideyoshi sent Moritsuki TSUDA and Ippaku TOMITA to the Hojo clan as an envoy of the shogun, and demanded that the clan punish the ringleader of the Nagurumi Incident and immediately visit the capital.
- そこで伊藤は主だった元勲の入閣を条件に組閣を行うことを表明、黒田清隆・山縣有朋の両首相経験者の入閣を得て組閣を終えた。
- Thus, ITO announced to organize the Cabinet on condition that major genkuns (the statesmen who contributed in Meiji Restoration) should join the Cabinet, and completed organization of the Cabinet with two ex-prime ministers, Kiyotaka KURODA and Aritomo YAMAGATA joining the Cabinet.
- 戦争そのものは長州藩が謝罪して終わったものの、長州藩家老3人と藩士11人が切腹し、征長軍は2度にわたり首実検を行った。
- The war itself was over with the apology of the Choshu Domain, but the three chief retainers and eleven feudal retainers of the domain committed Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) and conquering army of Choshu identified severed heads twice.
- 1946年(昭和21年)6月25日、衆議院本会議における日本国憲法案の審議の初め、当時の吉田茂首相は御誓文に言及した。
- On June 25, 1946, at the beginning of consideration of the Constitution of Japan in the Lower House, Prime Minister Shigeru YOSHIDA referred to Charter Oath.
- 1368年、紅巾の乱の首領朱元璋が南京市で即位して明を建国し、この年を「洪武元年」としたのち、一世一元の制を採用した。
- In 1368, Gensho SHU (Chu Yuan-chang), a leader of the Red Turban Rebellion, established a new era named 'Kobu' starting with the year when he ascended to the throne in Nanjing City to found the Ming Dynasty, and later introduced a system of one era per Emperor.
- そうした中で6世紀前期に近江国から北陸地方にかけての首長層を背景としたオホド王(継体天皇)が現れヤマト王統を統一した。
- During the early sixth century, King Ohodo (Emperor Keitai) appeared from among the chiefs of regions between Omi Province and the Hokuriku region and unified the Yamato royalty.
- 約5時間かけて行われた秀次の家族らの処刑後、その遺体は一箇所に埋葬され、その埋葬地には秀次の首を収めた石櫃が置かれた。
- After the execution of the family of Hidetsugu which took about five hours, the corpses were buried in one place, and a cist (a box-shaped funerary urn made of stone) in which the head of Hidetsugu was put, was placed at the burial ground.
- だが、南都の大衆は兼康勢60余人の首を切り、猿沢の池の端に並べるという挙に出て兼康は命からがら帰京し、清盛を激怒させた。
- However, Nanto Daishu (monks residing in Nanto) decapitated more than 60 of Kaneyasu forces and placed them along the edge of Sarusawa-no-ike Pond, and Kaneyasu returned to Kyoto with his bare life, which made Kiyomori furious.
- 更に7世紀の倭の首都であった大宰府にも極めて近い(1世紀の倭国王の印である漢委奴国王の金印の発見された志賀島にも近い)。
- Furthermore, it is very close to Dazai-fu which was the capital of Wa (it is also close to Shikano-shima Island where the golden seal of Kanno Wano Nano Kokuo (the King of Japan, Chinese Colony), the seal of the king of Wa in the first century was found).
- 更に鎌倉幕府が成立すると、その首長たる鎌倉殿の家臣のことを、鎌倉殿への敬意を表す「御」をつけて御家人と呼ぶようになった。
- Moreover, since the kamakura bakufu (feudal government headed by a shogun) was established, vassals of Kamakura-dono (i.e. the lords of Kamakura) were called gokenin (御家人) with '御' prefixed to honor the lord.
- 律令制においては、国司が郡司・富豪などの地方の有力者の馬を駄賃と引換に徴発して年貢を日本の首都に運ばせるのが主であった。
- In the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), a Kokushi (provincial governor) usually had nengu (land tax) delivered to the Japanese capital by requisitioning horses of local leaders, such as a Gunji (local magistrate) or wealthy families in exchange for dachin.
- 翌年正月には早くも義親の首を携えて華々しく凱旋し、白河は正盛を但馬守に任じた(ただし、その後も義親生存説が根強く残る)。
- The next month, he returned victoriously with Yoshichika's head, and Shirakawa named Masamori as Tajima no kami (chief officer of Tajima Province) (However, a rumor that Yoshichika still lived persisted).
- 1584年11月25日(天正12年旧暦10月23日) スペインの首都マドリードでスペイン国王フェリペ2世の歓待を受ける。
- November 25, 1584 - Entertained by Felipe the second, King of Spain, in Madrid, the capital of Spain.
- 仁川は朝鮮の首都漢城の外港にあたる地であるため交渉は非常に難航したが、朝鮮側が妥協して1881年2月受諾を通告してきた。
- The negotiation ran into trouble extremely as Incheon was the outer harbor of Hanseong, the capital of Korea, but Korea compromised and notified Japan of their acceptance in February 1881.
- 蒲生騒動における一連の騒動は、秀吉の意を受けた三成によって操られていた、もしくは三成本人が首謀者であったという説がある。
- There was a view that the disturbances of Gamo-sodo were manipulated by Mitsunari, who had received the command of Hideyoshi, or Mitsunari, as the head conspirator.
- 「日本による遼東半島所有は、清国の首都北京市を脅かすだけでなく、李氏朝鮮の独立を有名無実にし、極東の平和の妨げとなる。」
- Aquisition of the Liaodong Peninsula by Japan not only threatens Beijing City, a capital of Qing, but also undermines the independence of the Joseon Dynasty and hinders the efforts of establishing peace in the Far East.'
- 6月、宗盛が頼朝と対面したのち父子は再び京へ帰され、清宗はその途中の近江国篠原宿にて、義経の郎党堀景光により斬首された。
- In June, after Munemori met with Yoritomo, Munemori and Kiyomune were sent back to Kyoto; however, on the way, Kiyomune was beheaded by Kagemitsu HORI, a retainer of Yoshitsune's, in Shinohara shuku, Omi Province.
- (なお、ここで描かれる若年利家は馬上にて槍先、腰元にいくつもの敵首をぶら下げている桶狭間凱旋図の利家と同じ構図である。)
- (It should be noted that the young Toshiie described in this scene is in the same composition as Toshiie in the picture of triumphantly returning from Okehazama in which Toshiie is riding a horse with a lot of severed enemy heads hanging on the spear point and around his waist.)
- 秀衡の予感が当たったのか、跡を継いだ泰衡は義経派であった弟達を殺害し、頼朝に屈して義経を襲撃しその首を鎌倉へ差し出した。
- As if Hidehira's misgivings proved right, the successor, Yasuhira killed his younger brothers who were in the Yoshitsune group and, yielding to Yoritomo, attacked Yoshitsune, whose head was offered to Kamakura.
- 芳年は写生を大切にしており、幕末の動乱期には斬首された生首を、慶応4年の戊辰戦争では戦場の屍を弟子を連れて写生している。
- Yoshitoshi placed great importance on sketching so that he took his disciples to sketch heads just severed during the upheavals at the end of Edo period and corpses in battlefields of the Boshin War in 1868.
- 首相は、政治犯の釈放や言論・集会・結社の自由容認の方針を組閣直後に明らかにし、選挙法の改正と総選挙の実施の展望も示した。
- The Prime Minister announced his plan to accept the release of political prisoners and allow freedom of speech, assembly, and association immediately after forming a cabinet, and indicated his vision of an amendment to the Election law and the implementation of a general election.
- この後、片岡源五右衛門や礒貝十郎左衛門らは、浅野内匠頭の墓前で髻を切って吉良上野介の首級をあげることを泉下の主君に誓った。
- After that, Gengoemon KATAOKA, Jurozaemon ISOGAI and others cut their chignons off in front of Asano's grave and promised their lord to avenge Kira Kozuke no Suke.
- 絞罪器械図式(こうざいきかいずしき;明治6年太政官布告第65号)は日本の死刑執行の際に使用される絞首器の図式を定めた法令。
- Kozai Kikai Zushiki, the edict of Dajokan (Grand Council of State) No.65 of 1873, is an act which stipulates the scheme of devices to be used for judicial hanging in Japan.
- 当時多く築造された弥生時代の墓制墳丘墓は大型地域集団の首長墓と見られ、身分差が生じ始めていたことの現れだと考えられている。
- It is considered that many mound-type graves built during the period, a style was one of the grave styles characteristic of the Mayor period, and were for chiefs of these large-sized communities, and it is considered that society started becoming hierarchical.
- 其児名加差披余其児名乎獲居臣世々為杖刀人首奉事来至今獲加多支鹵大王寺在斯鬼宮時吾左治天下令作此百練利刀記吾奉事根原也(裏)
- The name of his child was Kasahi(ha)yo; The name of his child was Owake no Omi; I have served the king as a head of Jotojin (a guard who protected noble men) until today; When Wakatake(ki)ru(ro) King's temple was located in Shikinomiya, I served and supported him; So as a token of my service, this sword was made (the back side).
- さらに、日本兵の首に賞金を掛けたため都市部で朝鮮軍・明軍による朝鮮領民の首無し死体が続出するなど荒廃した状況が伝えられる。
- Furthermore, as a prize was offered for the heads of Japanese soldiers, it is reported there were situations in which a large number of bodies without heads of Korean people taken by the Korean and Ming troops in urban districts.
- 西郷は10日から本小路・無鹿・長井村笹首と移動し、14日に長井村可愛に到着し、以後、ここに滞在した(『大西郷突囲戦史』)。
- Saigo moved to Honkoji, Mushika to Sasakubi, Nagai-mura starting on the 10th, and arrived at Nagai-mura on the 14th, after that he stayed there ('Daisaigo Totsui Senki (war chronicles of the Great Saigo breaking through the besieging armies))'.
- しかし、夜間岐阜まで逃げ延びるのは不可能であったため、和田は秀信の母と自分の娘である秀信の妻を刺殺し、首だけを送り届けた。
- However, WADA killed Hidenobu's mother and wife who was also WADA's daughter and sent their severed heads to Hidenobu because it was impossible for them to run away to Gifu during the night.
- 「岐阜四天王」の一人飯沼長資(小勘平)が奮戦、一柳家家老大塚権太夫を討ち取り首級を閻魔堂の秀信のもとに届けるなど善戦した。
- Nagasuke IINUMA (Kokanpei), a 'Gifu Shitenno' (the four famous warriors in Gifu) fought bravely and well, killing Gondayu OOTSUKA, the chief retainer of the Hitotsuyanagi family, and sending his severed head to Hidenobu at Enma-do Temple.
- そして合図の笛を吹き後、玄関前に集合した赤穂浪士たちは表門番人の三人に吉良の首を見せて間違いなく上野介であることを確認した。
- After they whistled as their signal to have Ako Roshi gather around by the entrance, they showed his head to three people who were guarding the front gate, and it became clear that it was Kozuke no Suke.
- このために、大藩の大名、江戸城を陰で仕切る大奥の首脳でも奥右筆との対立を招くことは自己の地位を危うくする危険性を孕んでいた。
- Consequently, any confrontations with Oku-yuhitsu (who managed everything in Edo-jo Castle behind the scenes) carried the risk of compromising one's position, and this was true even for the daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) of Taihan (a large domain) or the heads of the O-oku (the inner halls of Edo Castle where the wife of the shogun and her servants resided).
- また地方の首長層であった豪族たちの多くは郡司層に姿を変えてゆき、中央から派遣される官僚である国司の監督下で地方統治を行った。
- Many of Gozoku who were belonging to the local chief class were transformed into the class of Gunji (local magistrates), and reigned over regions under the supervision of Kokushi (provincial governor) who was dispatched from the central government.
- この間、立憲政友会と立憲国民党の提携が成立し、とくに立憲政友会党員の尾崎行雄や立憲国民党党首の犬養毅が中心となって活躍した。
- Meanwhile, the Seiyukai and the Kokuminto formed an alliance thanks to the great efforts of a member of the Seiyukai, YUKIO OZAKI, and the Kokuminto leader, Tsuyoshi INUKAI.
- 1985年には「旧勲章名誉回復に関する懇談会」という国会議員の集まりがつくられ、当時の中曽根康弘首相に同様の要請をしている。
- In 1985 this League organized a gathering of National Diet members and held a 'panel discussion on the reinstatement of the honors of the Golden Kite Medal,' and submitted the same request for reinstatement to then-Prime Minister Yasuhiro NAKASONE.
- 義親の首は京都で梟されたが、生存の噂が絶えず、その後、次々に「義親」を名乗る者が現れ、事件の余波は20年以上に渡って続いた。
- The head of Yoshichika was exposed to public scorn or ridicule in Kyoto, but the rumor of his living continued and a person calling himself 'Yoshichika' appeared one after another and the aftermath of this incident lasted more than 20 years.
- 1868年(明治元年)、天皇が京都から東京へ行幸するに際して発せられた江戸ヲ称シテ東京ト為スノ詔書には、「首都」の語はない。
- In the imperial edict (shosho), issued at the time of imperial visit to Tokyo from Kyoto in 1868, there was no word for 'capital.'
- だが、宣戦布告後2ヶ月も経たないうちに欧米列強国軍は首都北京市及び紫禁城を制圧、清朝は莫大な賠償金の支払いを余儀なくされる。
- However, the forces of allied western powers took over the capital Beijing as well as the Forbidden City within two months of the proclamation of war, and the Qing dynasty was forced to pay an enormous amount of reparations.
- 本来は2月 (旧暦)・3月 (旧暦)・4月 (旧暦)・恋を題材としてそれぞれ10番(40番80首)にて行われる予定であった。
- Originally, 10 pairs of tanka were planned to be read for each topic of February (in the lunar calendar), March (in the lunar calendar), April (in the lunar calendar), and love (or summer), which added up to 40 pairs (80 tanka).
- ムバラクのあと、長男ジャービルが第8代、次男サリームが第9代の首長となり、さらにジャービルの息子アハマドが第10代を継いだ。
- After Mubarak, his first son Jabir became the eighth, his second son Salim became the ninth and Jabir's son, Ahmad became the tenth chief.
- 有村次左衛門のほか広岡小之次郎、山口辰之介、鯉渕要人は彦根藩士たちの必死の反撃で重傷を負い、他の藩邸に自首したのち自刃した。
- In a desperate counterattack by the Hikone Domain, Jizaemon ARIMURA, Nenojiro HIROOKA, Tatsunosuke YAMAGUCHI, and Kaname KOIBUCHI incurred serious injuries and, after surrendering themselves, died by their own swords.
- 首は難波橋に晒され、耳は脅迫文と共に同月24日に正親町三条実愛・中山忠能の屋敷に投げ込まれ、両公卿の辞職を招くこととなった。
- His head was put on public display at Naniwa-bashi Bridge, and on the 24th of the same month, his ears were thrown inside the house of Sanearu Ogimachi-SANJO and Tadayasu NAKAYAMA with a ransom note, resulting in resignation of both of the court nobles.
- 文治5年(1189年)、藤原秀衡の後を継いだ藤原泰衡が義経を殺し、6月にその首が鎌倉へ届けられ、義盛と景時が首実検を行った。
- In 1189, FUJIWARA no Yasuhira, who took over from FUJIWARA no Hidehira, killed Yoshitsune, and his head was sent to Kamakura in July for Yoshimori and Kagetoki to examine it.
- 変事を知らない平野は19日に五条に到着して、天誅組首脳と会って意気投合するが、その直後に京で政局が一変してしまったことを知る。
- Hirano arrived in Gojo on 19, not knowing about the calamity, he met the leader of the Tenchugumi and found him as kindred spirit, but soon he heard about the sudden political change in Kyoto.
- 忠常の首はいったん梟首とされたが、降人の首をさらすべきではないとして従者へ返され、また忠常の子の平常将と平常近も罪を許された。
- Tadatsune's head was exposed, but it was returned to his followers since the head of Koin (person of surrender) should not be exposed and the sins of Tadatsune's children TAIRA no Tsunemasa and TAIRA no Tsunechika were forgiven.
- 同年8月に事件が発覚して林をはじめとする首謀者や片岡健吉ら高知在住の幹部が逮捕され、翌年8月に大審院において有罪判決が下った。
- The plot came to light and the ringleaders led by Yuzo HAYASHI and other prominent individuals, who lived in Kochi Prefecture, including Kenichi KATAOKA, were arrested in August of that year and found guilty by the Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan in August of the following year.
- 11月20日、五条河原で源光長以下百余の首がさらされ、義仲軍は勝ち鬨の声を挙げた(『百錬抄」同日条、『吉記』は21日とする)。
- On January 11, 1184, with more than 100 severed heads laid on Gojogawara, Yoshikuni's army gave a shout of victory ('Hyakuren sho,' entry of January 11, 1184; 'Kikki' recorded the date as January 12).
- むしろ朝鮮通信使のように、慶弔といった事柄に対し随時使節を送れば良いと主張し、そして首都に常駐することに非常な懸念を表明した。
- Korea insisted that ministers should be dispatched at any time such as occasions of congratulation or condolence as the messenger of Korea did, so they were very concerned about the permanent residence of a minister in the capital.
- に公布され、翌に施行された大日本帝国憲法は4条で「天皇ハ國ノ元首ニシテ統治權ヲ總攬シ此ノ憲法ノ條規ニ依リテ之ヲ行フ」と定めた。
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan, promulgated in 1889, taking effect the following year, stipulated in Article 4 that 'the Emperor is the head of the state and holds all sovereignty but is to execute its authority according to the Articles of the Constitution.'
- 6月10日海軍陸戦隊400と大鳥圭介公使が漢城に入り、後続部隊を合わせて4000名の混成旅団が首都周辺に駐留することとなった。
- On June 10, 400 squadrons of Japanese Navy, Land Forces, and the minister to Korea Keisuke OTORI entered Hanseong with a plan that a total of 4,000 solders of mixed brigades with the following troops would be stationed in the capital and the surrounding area.
- 出自については不明だが、織田信長に仕え、永禄3年(1560年)、桶狭間の戦いでは負傷した服部一忠を助け、今川義元の首を挙げた。
- Although his birthplace is not known, he served Nobunaga ODA and he helped Kazutada HATTORI who had been injured in the Battle of Okehazama in1560 and beheaded Yoshimoto IMAGAWA.
- だが、大隈の密奏も岩倉・井上毅の意見書も他の政府首脳には詳細が明かされなかったために、伊藤がこの事情を知ったのは6月末であった。
- However, because the details of the secret proposal made by Okuma and the written opinions by Iwakura and Inoue were not disclosed to government leaders, Ito finally came to know the situation at the end of June.
- 当初は文書の全面に太政官印を押していたが、奈良時代後期には文書の首尾と中間にあたる中央部の計3ヶ所と日付の付近に1ヶ所に限った。
- At first, Daijokanin was stamped on the whole part of documents but in the later Nara period, only the 3 areas in the header, footer, and center, plus 1 area near the date were allowed to be stamped.
- これは白河法皇、鳥羽天皇が実見するまでの騒ぎになったが、結局、義親は既に討滅されているのだからと、この者は偽者とされ梟首された。
- This became a big incident which made the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa and the Emperor Toba actually see him, but after all he was killed and his head was exposed to the public as a false person since Yoshichika had already extinguished.
- アメ又はアマ・タラシヒコは『古事記』、『日本書紀』に見られる呼称と一致し、大王・天君は首長以外にも用いられた尊称であるとされる。
- Ame or Ama tarashihiko is consistent with naming that appeared in the 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) or the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), and Okimi (great king) or Amakimi was regarded as an honorific title which was not only used for chiefs, but also for others.
- 防人の目的は、九州王朝の首都である大宰府(倭京)占領にあり、「夷(異民族)を以て夷を征(制)す」というヤマト王権の政策であった。
- The purpose of sakimori (soldiers deployed for boarder defenses) was to occupy Dazai-fu (the city in Yamato) that was the capital of the Kyushu dynasty, which reflected the policy of the Yamato kingship; `a foreign land must be conquered by foreigners.'
- とりあえずモデルケースになる区間として、首都東京と港がある横浜市の間、29kmの敷設を行う事が1869年(明治2年)に決定した。
- Finally, in 1869, a 29-kilometer railroad construction between Tokyo, the capital of Japan, and Yokohama City, where a port was located, was decided as a model section.
- 曾我兄弟の仇討ちでは敵討後に捕えられた弟五郎時致は斬首されており、頼朝の代の先例に準じる御成敗式目の規定はこの処置に沿っている。
- In the Adauchi by the Soga brothers, the younger brother, Goro Tokimune SOGA, who was captured after Katakiuchi, was beheaded; and the provisions of Goseibai-shikimoku, which conform to the precedents during the reign of Yoritomo (MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, a shogun), reflect this disposition.
- 奈良時代に成立した『万葉集』には防人のために徴用された兵や、その家族が詠んだ歌が100首以上収録されており、防人歌と総称される。
- 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), a collection of poetry written during the Nara period, contains more than 100 poems collectively called sakimori-no-uta (Sakimori poems) that were composed by soldiers drafted for sakimori and their family members.
- 鎌倉の武士たちが院宣に従い、義時は討滅されるであろうと信じきり、幕府軍の出撃を予測していなかった後鳥羽上皇ら京方首脳は狼狽した。
- Blithely assuming that the samurai of Kamakura would obey the Imperial decree and strike down Yoshitoki, the retired Emperor Gotoba and the rest of the capital faction leaders had not anticipated the shogunal sortie, and were thrown into considerable panic.
- また、蜂起した原住民部族に対する出草(首狩り、理蕃政策の一環として法律で規制されていた風習)が、鎮圧に協力した部族に許可された。
- The headhunting of rebelling tribes called shusso (a practice of headhunting which was legally permitted as a part of the riban seisaku) was admitted for the tribes cooperating in the suppression of rebellion.
- 田は赴任する前に当時首相であった原敬と協議し、台湾での同化政策の推進が基本方針と確認され、就任した10月にその方針が発表された。
- Prior to his departure, Den conferred with then-Prime Minister Takashi HARA, with whom he agreed to pursue an assimilation approach in Taiwan as a principle policy, and formally announced the new policy in October of the year when he assumed the position.
- 一方妙顕寺に移った36名は、同年12月13日辰刻(午前九時頃)に妙顕寺を出立し京市中引き回しの上、六条河原で首を討たれていった。
- On the other hand, 36 persons moved to Myoken-ji Temple, departed Myoken-ji Temple around nine o'clock in the morning on January 9, 1580, and after public exposure in the city of Kyoto were beheaded at Rokujogawara.
- 以上から、信長の方面軍制度は、急激な勢力拡大を可能にしたが、同時に自分の首を絞めることとなったため、失敗したとも言えるのである。
- Therefore, it is safe to say that Nobunaga's regional army system was a failure, because it enabled him to extend his power but dug his own grave as well.
- 信長の息子たちの中で一番容貌が父に似ていたと言われ、英雄百人一首に描かれている肖像は(服装を除けば)若き日の信長に酷似している。
- It is said that, of all Nobunaga's sons, Nobutaka bore the closest resemblance to his father, and his portrait in the Hero Hyakunin Isshu (a collection of one hundred poems by one hundred poets) looks much like Nobunaga in his youth (except for his costume).
- 中国では、風水説(四神相応)と並び首都建設の基本であったが、宋 (王朝)の時代に入ると条坊制に基づいた都はあまり作られなくなった。
- Jobosei, as well as Fusui-setsu (feng shui theory) (Shijin-soo [an ideal topography for the four Taoist gods, with a river in the east, a broad avenue in the west, a basin in the south, and a hill in the north]), was a basic idea of constructing capitals in China, however, construction of cities based on Jobosei became unpopular with the beginning the Sung Dynasty period.
- 法的な規定は無かったが、大日本帝国憲法の下で首相を決定することができる権限を持っていた人物たちで、いわゆる藩閥政治を形成していた。
- Although there was no legal provisions to stipulate it, these nine people had the authority to name a Prime Minister in accordance with the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and they had developed the so-called Han-batsu Seiji (government dominated by cliques from the major han).
- なお免官となった古賀は翌1872年、愛宕通旭らとともに新政府転覆のための挙兵を企てた(二卿事件)ことをもって梟首に処せられている。
- In addition, dismissed Koga with Michiteru OTAGI were sentenced to exposure of their severed heads in 1872 on the charge of the attempt to topple the government (Nikyo Jiken [The Incidents triggered by two court nobles]).
- もとはオスマン帝国の宗主権の下にあったが、1899年、第7代首長ムバラクがイギリスの保護国となることでオスマン帝国の支配を脱した。
- Originally under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, in 1899, the seventh Emir Mubarak decided to escape the control of the Ottoman Empire by becoming a protectorate of the British Empire.
- 一帯の一般船舶129隻を焼き払い20隻を奪い、民家1939戸を焼き払い、また104(実録には首級114)の島民を殺害したとされる。
- Of the ordinary ships in this area, they burned 129 and captured 20, and burned down 1939 dwellings as well as killed 104 inhabitants of Tsushima (or according to the True Record, they took a total of 114 heads).
- 大王(おおきみ)とは、一般に3世紀後半から7世紀末頃、古墳時代から飛鳥時代にかけてのヤマト王権(倭国)の首長を指していう歴史用語。
- Okimi is a historical term which generally refers to the chief of the Yamato sovereignty (Japan) from the latter half of the third century to the end of the seventh century which is from the Kofun (tumulus) period to the Asuka period.
- この憲法は、天皇が黒田清隆首相に手渡すという欽定憲法の形で発布され、日本は東アジアではじめて近代憲法を有する立憲君主国家となった。
- This constitution was thought to be the constitution enacted by the emperor, so it was promulgated by handing it down from the emperor to Prime Minister, Kiyotaka KURODA, and Japan became the first constitutional monarchy with a modern constitution in East Asia.
- 長官の赴任に同行した佐賀藩士島義勇首席判官は、銭函(現小樽市銭函)に開拓使仮役所を開設し、札幌市で市街の設計と庁舎の建設を始めた。
- A leading magistrate and former feudal retainer of the Saga clan, Yoshitake SHIMA, who accompanied the chief of the Development Commission, established a temporary office in Zenibako (present-day, Zenibako, Otaru City) and started the designing of the urban district of Sapporo City and the construction of a head office in Sapporo.
- 言い伝えでは討ち取られた首は京都の七条河原にさらされたが、何ヶ月たっても眼を見開き、歯ぎしりしているかのようだったといわれている。
- According to the legend, Masakado's decapitated head was put on public display at Shichijogawara in Kyoto, but it looked as if his eyes were wide open and he was grinding his teeth even after many months.
- 延長6年(928年)11月、道風が勅命を奉じて宮中の屏風に書いたときの下書きで、大江朝綱が作った律詩八首と絶句三首が書かれている。
- In December 928, Michikaze was commissioned by imperial order to make drafts for the Imperial Court, preparing calligraphy drafts of poems written by OE no Asatsuna; eight 'risshi' style Chinese poems and three 'zekku' style poems.
- 『吾妻鏡』では、教経もこの戦いで安田義定の軍に討たれたとあり、同月13日に討ち取られた他の一門の首とともに京で獄門にされたとある。
- In 'Azuma Kagami,' it is reported that Noritsune also was slain in this battle by Yoshisada YASUDA's troop and his head was exposed in the Capital of Kyoto together with heads of other slain family members on April 2.
- また一説では童子は死に際に今までの罪を悔い、死後は首から上に病気を持つ人々を助けることを望んだため、大明神として祀られたともいう。
- Another version tells that Shuten Doji, as he was dying, repented all his sins and wished to help people who suffer diseases above their neck and was therefore enshrined as a Daimyo-jin, literally a great Shinto god.
- 伊藤は8月31日に首相を辞任し、同年9月18日に松方正義が組閣するまで、黒田清隆・枢密院 (日本)議長が内閣総理大臣を臨時兼務した。
- ITO resigned the prime minister in August 31, and Kiyotaka KURODA, the Chairman of the Privy Council (Japan) also served temporarily as the prime minister until organization of the Cabinet by Masayoshi MATSUKATA on September 18 of the same year.
- 前首相の松方正義が自らの閣僚にも見放されて内閣を放り出すという事態は、8月2日に大命を受けた伊藤にも今後の政権運営に不安を抱かせた。
- The situation that the previous prime minister Masayoshi MATSUKATA gave up the Cabinet because he lost the support of the members of his own Cabinet also made ITO who received the imperial command on August 2, feel concern about future government management.
- 古墳時代以降は、皇居のための宮殿(御所)建設と周辺の市街地整備を一体として行い、首都にふさわしい都市を計画的に建設するようになった。
- After Tumulus period, it became to carry out the construction of the Imperial Palace and improvement of urban areas simultaneously and to build a city suitable to a capital in a well-planned way.
- その後政府は蝦夷の首長を郡司に任命して部族集団の間接的な支配を行い、また個別に服属してきた者は俘囚として諸国に移民させられたりした。
- Later, the government appointed the chief of Ezo as a gunji (region manager) in order to indirectly control tribal groups, and forced people individually picked out for subjugation to migrate to other countries as fushu (barbarians).
- 「度々の合戦で勇猛であったので前からの勘当を許して召し使おうというところであったのに、衛府に任官して首を切られるとはどういう事か。」
- As he was brave in many battles, he deserved to be forgiven for having been disowned by his family, but how could he have been fired if he was appointed to the position of efu (a palace guard).'
- 政子は義高を討った為に大姫が病になったと憤り、親家の郎従の不始末のせいだと頼朝に強く迫り、頼朝はやむなく藤内光澄を晒し首にしている。
- Masako was enraged at Yoshiktaka being killed, blaming it for causing Ohime's illness; and Yoritomo was forced to kill Mitsuzumi TONAI, whose head was then displayed in public.
- 首は公暁の追っ手の武常晴が神奈川県秦野市大聖山金剛寺(実朝が再興した寺)の五輪塔に葬ったといわれ、御首塚(みしるしづか)と呼ばれる。
- It is said that Sanetomo's head was buried by Kugyo's executioner Tsuneharu TAKE at Gorinto (a gravestone composed of five pieces) in Daiseizan Kongo-Ji Temple (which Sanetomo revived), Hatano City, Kanagawa Prefecture, and the tomb is called Mishirushizuka.
- 10月1日に同党が結成されると、前首相山縣有朋が結党直後の同党を揺さぶるために総裁に就任した伊藤に強引に政権を押し付ける形で成立した。
- This party was formed on October 1, and the cabinet was established by ITO who assumed the party president and imposed the Government by the previous Prime Minister, Aritomo YAMAGATA to disturb this party just after formation.
- そして首謀者の金玉均は、首相にあたる「領議政」に大院君の親戚の一人の李載元、副首相に朴泳孝、自らを大蔵大臣のポストに置く事を表明した。
- The ringleader Ok-gyun KIM announced that Jae-won Lee, one of the Heungseon Daewongun's relatives, would be appointed to be the 'supreme leader' as the prime minister, Yong-hyo PAK to be the deputy prime minister, and himself to be the minister of finance.
- 与党となった憲政党のうち、旧進歩党 (日本)系の大隈を首相に、旧自由党 (日本)系の板垣退助を特に内務大臣 (日本)に迎えて組織した。
- Among the Constitutional Party in power, the cabinet was organized with OKUMA from the former Progressive Party (Japan) as the Prime Minister and Taisuke ITAGAKI from the former Liberal Party (Japan) as Minister of Home Affairs.
- また、首相の桂太郎と海相の山本権兵衛は小村を新橋駅に出迎え両脇を挟む様に歩き、爆弾等を浴びせられた場合は共に倒れる覚悟であったという。
- Besides, Prime Minister Taro KATSURA and Minister of the Navy Gombei YAMAMOTO seemed to be ready for being killed by bombs along with KOMURA if it happened, so they walked putting KOMURA between them after they welcomed him at Shimbashi Station.
- オホキミはヤマト王権で使用されていた首長の呼称と一致するが、九州王朝説では「大王」は九州・関東などでも使用された称号であるとみている。
- Okimi (great king) is consistent with the title of chief used in Yamato kingship, but in the Kyushu dynasty theory, `okimi' is regarded as the title used in Kyushu or the Kanto region.
- 冒頭に五箇条の御誓文を掲げてこれを政府の基本方針と位置づけ、国家権力を総括する中央政府として太政官を置き、2名の輔相をその首班とした。
- The Constitution of 1868 stated the Imperial Covenant Consisting of Five Articles at the beginning to define the basic policy of the new government, established Dajokan (Grand Council of State) as the central government to control national authority, and assigned two hosho (co-equal executive officers) as the heads of Dajokan.
- 実際には、何らかの事情によって、4月と夏が5番ずつ略されて計30番60首で行われた(ただし、記録には省略されたものも採録されている)。
- In reality, five pairs of tanka were omitted for some reason from each of April and summer, so 30 pairs (60 tanka) were read, while a document also contained the omitted ones.
- 伏屋式が主流で、壁立式は拠点集落の大形住居に限られ、首長居館として権威を示す形式として弥生・古墳の両時代に築造されたと考えられている。
- While the fuseya type was predominant, the kabedachi type was limited to large-scale structures in key settlements, believed to be built in both Yayoi and Kofun (tumulus) periods as an architectural style aimed at demonstrating authority as the residence of the chieftain.
- 歌人としては、晩成型であったが、『六百番歌合』、『正治百首』などに参加して、やがて藤原定家と並び称される歌人として評価されるに至った。
- He succeeded late for a Kajin poet, but he participated in 'Roppyakuban utaawase' (The Poetry Match in 600 Rounds) and 'Shoji Hyakushu' (Hundred-Poem Sequence of the Shoji Era) and gained a reputation as a Kajin poet standing on equal ground with FUJIWARA no Teika (Sadaie).
- その間、後にフランス首相となるジョルジュ・クレマンソーや、留学生仲間の中江兆民、松田正久らと親交を結び、こうした人脈は帰国後も続いた。
- During this time, he became friends with Georges Clemenceau, who later became the Prime Minister of France, and fellow scholars who came abroad to study, such as Chomin NAKAE and Masahisa MATSUDA, with which network he continued even after he came back to Japan.
- 実際に死刑囚房にいた合田士郎の著作『そして、死刑は執行された』(恒友出版)によれば、生き残る為に首を鍛える死刑囚がいたという記述がある。
- According to a literary work, 'Soshite shikei ha shittkou sareta' by Shiro GODA, (Kohyu syuppan Co., Ltd.) there were actually some condemned who tried to tone up their neck.
- この日の夕方、鎌倉内で重忠の同族で討伐軍に加わっていた稲毛重成父子、榛谷重朝父子が重忠を陥れた首謀者として三浦義村らによって殺害された。
- In the evening, the ringleaders of the entrapment of Shigetada, i.e. Shigenari INAGE and his son and Shigetomo HANGAYA and his son, who were part of Shigetada's family and were part of the army in Kamakura, were killed by Yoshimura MIURA and his entourage.
- 本来は課役負担者の確保が趣旨であったが、平安時代に入ると陰首・括出は地方より税負担の軽い畿内に移住するための法の抜け穴として利用された。
- The purpose of the regulation was originally to secure tax payers, but during the early Heian period, onshu and kasshutsu were used as a legal loophole to migrate to the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) where the tax burden was lighter than in other provinces.
- 六角獄舎に捕縛されていた囚人の多くは火災が延焼することを恐れた役人により、釈放されることなく斬首されている(詳細は六角獄舎の項を参照)。
- Most prisoners in Rokkaku prison house were beheaded, instead of being released, by prison officers for fear of spreading flames (see the Rokkaku prison house for further details).
- (なお、金海金氏と金海許氏と仁川李氏は別姓であるが始祖を同じ金官伽耶の首露王としているため同本貫として扱われ、結婚が認められなかった。)
- (The Gimhae Kim clan, the Gimhae Heo clan, and the Incheon Ri clan have different family names, but they share the originator as King Suro-wang in Gimgwan Gaya, and were treated as the same hongan, which prevented them from getting married.)
- 白雉2年(651年)に左大臣巨勢徳陀子が倭国の実質的な首班となっていた中大兄皇子(後の天智天皇)に新羅征討を進言したが採用されなかった。
- In 651, the Minister of the Left Kose no Tokuda counseled Prince Naka no Oe (later to become Emperor Tenchi), who was the actual head of state at the time, to send a punitive force to Silla, but this plan was not adopted.
- その他、頼政自害後に郎党の猪早太らが頼政の叔父源国直の領地がある美濃国山県郡に首を持ち運び葬ったとの伝承がある岐阜県関市の蓮華寺がある。
- There is a legend that one of Yorimasa's retainers I no Hayata brought the head of Yorimasa after his suicide to Yamagata-gun, Mino Province, where Yorimasa's uncle MINAMOTO no Kuninao had his fief, and buried it at Renge-ji Temple, Seki City, Gifu Prefecture.
- 1936年(昭和11年)の二・二六事件直後には岡田啓介首相の後継として初めての大命降下があったが、この時は健康問題を理由に辞退している。
- Immediately after the February 26th Incident in 1936, he received an imperial command to succeed Prime Minister Keisuke OKADA, but he declined at the time, using his health as an excuse.
- このほか、『武徳安民記』では福島正則勢が430、池田輝政勢が490、浅野幸長勢が308の首級をあげたことが8月28日の項に記されている。
- The column in 'Butoku Anminki' on October 5 also said that Masanori FUKUSHIMA's army severed 430 heads, Mitsumasa IKEDA's army severed 490 and Yoshinaga ASANO's army severed 308 heads.
- 12月3日に福岡臨時裁判所で関係者の判決が言い渡され、首謀者とされた今村と益田は即日斬首され、約150名に懲役、除族などの懲罰が下された。
- As sentences were passed on the people involved at the Fukuoka provisional court on December 3, Imamura and Masuda, who were considered ringleaders, were beheaded on the same day and penalties including imprisonment with work and deprivation of the family status were imposed on about 150 people.
- 協定はサンクトペテルブルクにおいて、山縣有朋元首相(当時)と、ロシア帝国の外務大臣アレクセイ・ロバノフ=ロストフスキー公の間で交わされた。
- The agreement was signed in Saint Petersburg by the ex-prime minister of Japan, Aritomo YAMAGATA, and the Russian foreign minister, Prince Alexey Lobanov-Rostovsky.
- 大航海時代になると金融の中心は経済の変動に追いつけずに衰退しつつあった北イタリアから、次第にイングランドの首都ロンドンへと移るようになる。
- In the Age of Exploration, the financial center gradually shifted from North Italy which was on the decline, failing to catch up with the volatile economy, to London, the capital of England.
- 列強が勢力を模索する時代の中で、韓国には日本が、フィリピンにはアメリカが影響力を持つと、日米首脳が相手国の権利を認め合った協定といわれる。
- It is assumed that in this agreement, which was entered into at a time when powerful countries were trying to extend their power, the heads of Japan and the United States agreed to the following rights for each other: that Japan had the right to influence South Korea and that the United States had the right to influence the Philippines.
- これに直接的な関連は無いが、1990年代前半に地方分権法案が審議され日本の遷都が検討された際に、仙台市も首都候補都市として挙げられていた。
- Irrelevant of this directly, Sendai City was named as one of the candidates for the capital when the draft 'law of decentralization of authority' was deliberated and the transfer of the capital in Japan was examined in the early 1990's.
- その後、同様の規定は中断したり復活したりしていたが、1900年(明治33年)に、山縣有朋首相の主導で、軍部大臣現役武官制を明確に規定した。
- Afterwards, the same restriction was repeatedly aborted and revived; however, Gunbu Daijin Geneki Bukan sei was redefined by Prime Minister Aritomo YAMAGATA in 1900.
- 死罪(しざい)とは、江戸時代に庶民に科されていた6種類ある死刑のうちの一つで、斬首により命を絶ち、死骸を試し斬りにする斬首刑の刑罰のこと。
- Shizai is one of the 6 types of capital punishment imposed on commoner criminals in the Edo Period, in which the criminal was beheaded and the corpse was used to test the sharpness of swords.
- 2月13日、総司令部は松本国務大臣と吉田茂首相に対し、2月8日に提出された「松本試案」に対する回答として、「マッカーサー草案」を手渡した。
- On February 13, GHQ handed 'the MacArthur draft' to the Minister of State, Joji MATSUMOTO and the Prime Minister, Shigeru YOSHIDA in reply to 'the Matsumoto draft' submitted on February 8.
- まず長宗我部隊が霧を隠れ蓑に藤堂高虎隊5,000を奇襲し、藤堂一族その他多数の首を獲ったが、幕府方の援軍に阻まれ、後退中に追撃を受け壊滅。
- To begin with, Chosokabe troop, covered by fog, made a surprise attack on Takatora TODO troop of 5,000 soldiers and cut off many heads of the Todo Family and others, however, they were blocked by auxiliary forces of the bakufu and destroyed by bakufu's chase when they were retreating.
- その詳しい動向は不明であるが、以仁王の挙兵で自害した頼政の首は国政の美濃の領地内(現在の岐阜県関市蓮華寺)に葬られたという伝説が存在する。
- Although the situation in details was unknown, there is a legend that the head of Yorimasa who killed himself during the Rising of Prince Mochihito was buried in the Mino territory of Kunimasa (present Renge-ji Temple, Seki City, Gifu Prefecture).
- 陸軍大臣には直接天皇に上奏する帷幄上奏が制度上認められてはいたが、閣僚が首相を通さずに直接天皇に辞表を提出したのは前代未聞のことであった。
- Even though the Minister of Army was allowed, in principle, to state his intentions directly to the Emperor, a power known as iaku-joso (to make comments on military affairs to the Emperor with full responsibility for the results), in reality this was the very first time a cabinet member bypassed the Prime Minister and submitted a letter of resignation directly to the Emperor.
- 然うして光緒5年(1879年)の所謂琉球処分の断行で琉球藩に沖縄県が設置されると、王号を剥奪され居城の首里城も追われ、琉球王国は消滅した。
- Thus, in 1879 the Ryukyu Kingdom was forcibly demolished and the Okinawa Prefecture was created instead, SHO Tai was forced to abdicate and vacate the royal residence of Shuri-jo Castle, whereby the Ryukyu Kingdom disappeared.
- 内務大臣 (日本)山崎巌は治安維持法なしでは治安維持に責任が持てないとして辞意を表明し、首相もこれを支持するかたちで内閣は翌日総辞職した。
- Iwao YAMAZAKI, Home Minister expressed his intention to resign as he could not be responsible for maintaining security without the Peace Preservation Law, which the Prime Minister supported, and the cabinet resigned en masse on the next day.
- 一進会は、1909年12月「韓日合邦を要求する声明書」を純宗 (朝鮮王)、第二代韓国統監曾禰荒助、首相李完用に送り、韓日合邦を要請している。
- In December 1909, Isshinkai sent the 'Statement to request the consolidation of Korea and Japan' to Sunjong (Korean King), Sone ARASUKE, the 2nd Inspector General of Korea, and Prime Minister Lee, Wan-yong to request the consolidation of Korea and Japan.
- この議定書は、列国協議のもとで清朝に拒否を一切認めない形で認められ、首都北京を占領された清朝(西太后・李鴻章)はこれを呑まざるを得なかった。
- This protocol was approved under the conferences between the Powers with no rejection of the Qing Dynasty accepted; the Dynasty (the Dowager Empress/Li Hongzhang) could not help but accept the protocol.
- これらのことから、紐を巻きつけて首にかけたり腰にまいたりして持ちはこんだと考えられており、上野佳也は個人所有を明確にしていたと位置づけている
- These facts suggest that people probably were carrying ishisaji around their neck or waist by tying the string around it, and Yoshiya UENO positions it as a manifestation of individual ownership.
- ほどなくして、宮古島に首里から20名の警官が来島し、旧王朝以来の島役場「在番仮屋」を訪れて、在番代表の仲村親雲朝諒に、以下のように伝達した。
- Shortly afterwards, 20 police officers came from Shuri to Miyako Island, visited the island office 'Zaiban kaiya' and informed the representative of Zaiban, 仲村親雲朝諒, of the following.
- 土豪という用語は、室町・戦国期に頻出する歴史用語であるが、大和朝廷時代の歴史用語として、地方首長である国造層を指す語としても使用されている。
- Dogo is a historical term that frequently appears in relation to the Muromachi period and the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) but when used in reference to the period of Yamato dynasty, it refers to kuninomiyatsuko (provincial governor) class of local heads.
- 前後の状況証拠から、軽皇子が真の首謀者であり、皇極の退位・孝徳の即位という日本初の譲位を断行するために蘇我氏を倒したとする説(遠山美都男)。
- The theory states that from the circumstance evidence Prince Karu was the true ringleader and killed the Soga clan in order to carry out the Japanese first abdication; Kogyoku stepping down from the throne and Kotoku ascending the throne (suggested by Mitsuo TOYAMA).
- これについては、日本の律令制が、律令に基づく国家による人民支配と並行して、在地首長による氏族制的な人民支配をも内包していたとする見解がある。
- This has led to the view that the Japanese Ritsuryo system included the ruling of the people by local powerful clans in parallel with the ruling of the people by the state based on the Ritsuryo system.
- 皇族を首相にして内外の危機を押さえようとする構想であったが、皇室に累を及ぼさぬようにということで木戸幸一内大臣の反対によりこの構想は潰れた。
- Although it was proposed as a means of averting crises at home and abroad by making a member of the Imperial family Prime Minister, the nomination was killed by Koichi KIDO, Minister of the Interior, who opposed it as he thought it might bring trouble to the Imperial family.
- 先日のような挙動は改めたがよからう」と諭したが、以蔵は「先生それでもあの時私が居なかったら、先生の首は既に飛んでしまつて居ませう」と返した。
- Such actions taken a few days ago are better to be mended' and tried to persuade him, but Izo said in return 'But Mr. Katsu, if it weren't for me, your head must already have been slain.'
- 老人であり、白小袖を着ていることからこの死体をよく調べてみると面と背中に傷があったので吉良に間違いないと判断し、一番槍の十次郎が首を落とした。
- When they examined the dead body, since he was an old man wearing a white robe, they were certain that it was Kira with scars on his face and his back, and his head was cut off by Jujiro, since he was the first to attack him.
- 農民5名が「暴動首魁ノ所為」、雲龍寺住職1名が「暴動教唆ノ所為」、農民17名が「扇動の所為」で、それぞれ重罪、残りの28名は軽罪で起訴された。
- Five peasants were charged with collective rioting and Unryu-ji Temple's chief priest was charged with masterminding a riot and seventeen peasants were charged with fomenting a riot, and the rest of twenty-eight peasants were charged with a minor offense.
- 船首形状は多様で、伊勢船の戸立(とだて)造り、弁才船の水押(みよし)造り、上部を箱造り下部を水押造りとする二形(ふたなり)船の折衷形式がある。
- The shape of bows varied widely depending on ships and Todate style of Ise ships, Miyoshi style of Bensai ships and the blending style of Futanari ships, whose upper side was box style and lower side was Miyoshi style, were seen.
- 大将や重臣が、討ち取ったと主張する者にその首を提出させ、相手の氏名や討ち取った経緯を、場合によっては証人を伴い確認した上で戦功として承認する。
- General and senior retainers required the individual claiming to have made the kill to provide the severed head and the details surrounding the kill and the deceased's name; in some situations, recognition of valor occurred following corroboration from a witness.
- 江戸時代、大名家が改易されると、何らかの重い罪を受けての場合は大名は斬首(島原の乱の松倉勝家)または切腹(元禄赤穂事件の浅野長矩など)となる。
- In the Edo period, when a Daimyo family became subject to kaieki, they were beheaded (Katsuike MATSUKURA in the Shimabara War, for example) or were forced to carry out Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) (Naganori ASANO in the Genroku Ako Incident, for example) if they committed a serious crime.
- それでも、いよいよ財政的に行き詰まった旧幕府軍首脳は、箱館の豪商から金品を徴収しようとしたが、これは土方歳三が強硬に反対して取り止めになった。
- When the financial situation finally got to the deadend, the leaders of the Old Bakufu planned to collect money and valuables from wealthy merchants in Hakodate, but Toshizo HIJIKATA was strongly againt it, and the plan was turned down.
- 当時まだ元服前の小姓として初陣した萱津の戦いでは、合戦の際に目立つ様、自ら朱色に塗った上記の三間半柄の槍を持って首級ひとつを挙げる功を立てた。
- In the Battle of Kayatsu which he took part in for his first battle as a page who had not yet his coming of age celebrated at that time, he carried the above-mentioned spear with a shaft being 6.3 m which he himself lacquered vermilion so that it would stand out in the battlefield, and he made an achievement of gaining a severed head with his spear.
- 邸内の火の始末をしたあと、吉良邸を出て、辰の刻(午前8時ごろ)浅野内匠頭の墓がある泉岳寺に着き、墓前に吉良上野介の首級を供え、仇討ちを報告した。
- After putting out the fire, they left Kira's residence and arrived at Zengaku-ji Temple at around 8 a.m., where Asano Takumi no Kami's grave is, and reported the successful revenge by placing Kira Kozuke no Suke's head
- 首塚(くびづか)とは、合戦などにおいて討ち取られた者の首、捕虜に取られた者の首、あるいは斬首刑にされた罪人の首を供養するための「塚」の事である。
- Kubizuka (tomb of heads) is a tomb for the repose of those souls whose heads (kubi; literally means neck in Japanese) were severed because they were killed in battles and the likes, or captured, or punished by beheadings.
- 松山藩は騒動の首謀者を死罪にするため、中央政府に御仕置伺い書を提出したが、良民にたいし危害を加えたわけではないとして徒刑(懲役)の処罰となった。
- Matsuyama domain submitted a letter to the central government to condemn the leader of the riot to death, however the leader was sentenced to penal servitude because he didn't harm law-abiding people.
- 平氏政権による福原京の計画が平安京との複都構想だったとし、また鎌倉幕府の置かれた鎌倉が、京都と首都機能を分担した事実上の複都制であるとするもの。
- The view asserting that the plan for Fukuhara-kyo by the Heike family was a plan for a system of multiple capitals with Heiankyo, and that Kamakura, where Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shogun) was located, bore the functions of a capital with Kyoto, therefore, the multi-capital system existed in Kamakura era.
- このように中華思想的な発想がすぐさま清朝首脳部から一掃されたわけではなく、むしろ中国を特別な存在として国際法の適用外であることを当然としていた。
- As explained above, the idea based on Sinocentrism was stuck in minds of topsiders of the Qing dynasty, and those topsiders recognized China as a special exception and thought international law should not be applied to China.
- 軍船が他国の河川を無断で遡航することは国際法違反であり、この場合さらに首都方面に行こうとしたことから、日本軍の行動は挑発だったと考えられている。
- Sailing the rivers of foreign countries without permission is a violation of the international laws, and in this case, it was assumed that the Japanese army's act was provocation against Korea, because they were going to the capital.
- このことから、当時の実態はヤマト王権が他の首長より優越はしているが強い支配関係にはなく、ヤマトと他地域の連合政権的な性格だったと考えられている。
- From these records, it is thought that although the Yamato Kingdom was superior to other chiefs, it was not a strongly dominant relationship, but rather more like a coalition government.
- セルゲイ・ヴィッテ首相は、戦争によって負けることはないにせよロシアが疲弊することを恐れ、戦争回避論を展開したが、これは皇帝達によって退けられた。
- Prime Minister Sergei Witte expressed opposition to the war in the fear that though Russia would not lose, it would could exhaust the country; However, his assertions were rejected by the Emperor and others.
- 首級は京都・一条戻橋に晒された後京都浄福寺に、遺体は帖佐の総禅寺に、それぞれ葬られ、霊は島津氏歴代の菩提寺・福昌寺 (鹿児島市)にて供養された。
- The severed head was stored in Jofuku-ji Temple in Kyoto after being exposed at Ichijo Modori-bashi Bridge in Kyoto, and the dead body was placed in the Chosa of the Sozen-ji Temple; a kuyo (memorial service for the dead) was given at the family temple, Fukusho-ji Temple in Kagoshima city.
- 渤海の使節は前年9月に蝦夷地に漂着し、大使・高仁義ら16名は蝦夷に襲われて死亡、首領・高斉徳ら8名が生き残って出羽国に助けを求めたものであった。
- In September the year before, the envoys from Bokkai washed ashore in Ezochi (inhabited area of Ainu); 16 people including the ambassador Ko Jingi were attacked and killed by the Ezo (the Ainu people), and 8 others including the chieftain Ko Seitoku survived and reached Dewa Province, asking for help.
- 明治2年に東京城(江戸城)が皇城とされ太政官が東京に移されたことと、明治4年府県の順序で東京が第一とされたことで東京が首都の地位を得たとするもの。
- The view stating that Tokyo acquired the position of capital with the appointment of Tokyo Castle (Edo Castle) as the Imperial Palace and the movement of Dajokan (Grand Council of State) to Tokyo, and Tokyo acquired the first position in the order among prefectures in 1871, with which Tokyo acquired the position of capital.
- 福原京(ふくはらきょう)は、平安時代末期の治承4年(1180年)、計画のみに終った和田京に続いて、平清盛の主導で造営が進められた日本の首都の通称。
- Fukuhara-kyo is the name of a capital city which TAIRA no Kiyomori wanted to establish and promoted after a plan to build Wada-kyo had ended in failure 1180 (towards the end of Heian period).
- 清盛の前に引き出された信頼は自己弁護をするが、信西殺害・三条殿襲撃の首謀者であり最後まで武装して参戦していたことから、戦闘員とみなされ処刑された。
- When he was hauled before Kiyomori, Nobuyori did try to justify his actions, but given that he was the ringleader in the death of Shinzei and the assault on Sanjo Palace, and had taken up arms and fought in the battle right up until the very moment of defeat, he was judged an enemy of war and executed.
- 罪人に対して科されるため、漢代以前には、外性器を切り落とした後も十分な治療もされず、熱した土に首から下を埋めるなどの荒っぽい方法がとられたという。
- Since this was the penalty conducted against criminals, they were not treated well after the excision of the genitals, and a rough treatment method was taken by burying them under heated soil to their neck, which was seen among those castration penalty cases conducted before the Han Dynasty period.
- 1944年(昭和19年)、東條内閣が総辞職した際に、東條英機が後継の小磯内閣の陸軍大臣として居残るという動きがあった(東條は首相兼陸相であった)。
- In 1944, when the Tojo Cabinet dissolved, there was a move by Hideki TOJO to remain as the Minister of War for the replacement Koiso Cabinet (Tojo was the Prime Minister and the War Minister).
- さらに島津歳久が秀吉によって一揆の黒幕とみなされ、島津義久の追討を受けて死亡したほか、一揆に家臣が参加したという理由で肥後の阿蘇惟光が斬首された。
- In addition, Toshihisa SHIMAZU was accused of being the mastermind behind the uprising by Hideyoshi and was hunted and killed by Yoshihisa SHIMAZU, and Koremitsu ASO was also decapitated as a punishment for his vassals joining the uprising.
- 翌年の1108年(天仁1)1月29日に平正盛は源義親の首級を持って京に凱旋、大々的な凱旋パレードが行われ、平正盛が白河院の爪牙として脚光を浴びる。
- TAIRA no Masamori returned in triumph to Kyoto on January 29, 1108, carrying the head of MINAMOTO no Yoshichika, a victory parade was performed in his honor, and Masamori rose to prominence as the 'claws and teeth' of Emperor Shirakawa.
- 『新選組始末記』によると悪行の数々を握られて切腹せねば法度に照らして斬首すると詰め寄られ、遊蕩先の祇園新地の料亭山緒でついに切腹させられたという。
- According to 'Shinsen-gumi Shimatsuki,' a lot of his evil deeds were disclosed and he was pressed to commit seppuku or accept decapitation according to the law, and finally he was forced to commit seppuku at fancy Japanese-style restaurant Yama no O in Gion Shinchi where he enjoyed himself.
- 条約勅許問題や将軍後継問題などで策謀を巡らせたため、安政の大獄において幕府からの厳しい追及を受けたが、観念して自首したために比較的軽い罪になった。
- Since he devised stratagems for the problems on imperial sanction on treaties and the Shogun's successor, he was severely interrogated from the bakufu during Ansei no Taigoku, but because he surrendered voluntarily, the charges against him were relatively light.
- 三村 親成(みむら ちかしげ、生年不詳 - 慶長14年10月1日 (旧暦)(1609年10月28日))は、三村期~毛利期の備中国成羽(鶴首城)主。
- Chikashige (親成) MIMURA (year of birth unknown - October 28, 1609) was a lord of Nariwa-jo Castle (Kakushu-jo Castle) in Bicchu Province during the reign of the Mimura clan and Mori clan.
- ただし、その後にアメリカの鉄道王ハリマンが満洲における鉄道の共同経営を提案したのを首相や元老の反対を押し切って拒否した件については評価が分かれる。
- However his evaluation is divided as regards his act of rejecting a proposal from HARRIMAN, the railway magnate who offered the joint management of railway in Manchuria, despite opposition of Prime Minister and Genro (elder statesman).
- これに激怒した原や他の閣僚達の抗議を受けた渡辺が孤立するに至って伊藤は辞任を表明、5月10日から班列であった西園寺公望枢密院議長が臨時首相を務めた。
- WATANABE was isolated by protest of HARA and other Cabinet members who were furious about this, which led ITO to announce his resignation, and from May 10 the Chairman of the Privy Council, Kinmochi SAIONJI who was a minister without official announcement served as the temporary prime minister.
- 制度導入当初は、重臣とは「内閣総理大臣の前官礼遇を賜りたる者及び枢密院議長」であったが、1940年に単純に「首相経験者及び枢密院議長」に改正された。
- When the senior statesmen system was first introduced, a senior statesman was defined as 'persons who had been granted the privileges of his former post as Prime Minister as well as the Chairman of the Privy Council'; however, in1940 the definition was revised to simply 'former Prime Ministers and the Chairman of the Privy Council.'
- 3月1日(旧暦2月4日 (旧暦))、武田耕雲斎ら幹部が来迎寺境内において斬首されたのを最初に、3月20日(旧暦2月23日)までの間に353人が斬首。
- On March 1, Kounsai TAKEDA and other core members were beheaded in the precincts of the Raiko-ji Temple first and a total of 353 members were beheaded by March 20.
- 1719年の朝鮮通信使申維翰の『海遊録』によれば、都(首都)は初め大和にあり、その後豊臣秀吉が大坂に、徳川家康が江戸に移したと認識されていたという。
- According to 'Kaiyuroku' written by Sin Yu-han, a member of Chosen Tsushinshi (the Korean Emissary), the capital in Japan was first located in Yamato, and after that Hideoyoshi TOYOTOMI moved it to Osaka and then Ieyasu TOKUGAWA transferred it to Edo.
- 1943年(昭和18年)に制定された東京都制(昭和18年法律第89号)では、「効率的な首都行政を行うことを目的とする」と、立法段階で説明されている。
- In Tokyo, a regulation established in 1943 (law No. 89, 1943), explained the stage of its legislation as follows: 'Tokyo aims to enforce an effective administration.'
- 当初の鎌倉幕府は東国を中心に成立した鎌倉殿を主宰者とする武士を首班とした地方政権であり、承久の乱後、全国政権へと飛躍し、権力を拡大させたものである。
- The Kamakura Bakufu was originally a local government headed by the Kamakura-dono founded in the Tokoku region which presided over the samurai but rapidly developed throughout the nation and expanded its power following the Jokyu War.
- 渡良瀬川の治水と首都圏への水道供給を主目的にした多目的ダム、草木ダムが渡良瀬川上流の群馬県勢多郡東村 (群馬県勢多郡)に作られた(1977年竣工)。
- A multipurpose dam, Kusaki Dam was built in Azuma Village, Seta County, Gunma Prefecture (present Seta County, Gunma Prefecture), along the upper stream of Watarase-gawa River mainly for controlling flood of Watarase-gawa River and for supply of water for the metropolitan area (completed in 1977).
- 朝鮮への援兵を、同時期に行われた寧夏のボバイ、播州(四川省)の楊応龍の二人の辺境地方の地元民族首長反乱の鎮圧とあわせて、「万暦の三征」と呼んでいる。
- Reinforcement troops for Korea were called 'Three Expeditions in the Banreki Period' together with suppressing two other concurrent uprisings by local ethnic chiefs, Bobai in Ningxia and You Ouryu in Banshu (Sichuan Province).
- しかし、国務省では妥協ではなく力によって日本を封じ込めるべきだと考え、10月2日、アメリカ国務省は日米首脳会談を事実上拒否する回答を日本側に示した。
- However, the Department of State decided not to compromise but instead to contain Japan by force and, on October 2, indicated to Japan a response that effectively rejected a Japan-U.S. summit.
- その後任をめぐって旧進歩党_(日本)・旧自由党_(日本)両派の対立は深刻化し、妥協点を見出せないまま、大隈首相は独断で進歩派から犬養毅を後任に推した。
- While the confliction over the successor between the both former Progressive and the former Liberal factions (Japan) became worse, it could not reach a compromise, Prime Minister OKUMA recommended Tsuyoshi INUKAI for the successor from the Progressives on his own authority.
- 第1条には「従前の天皇等が立てた子代の民と各地の屯倉、そして臣・連・伴造・国造・村首の所有する部曲の民と各地の田荘は、これを廃止する。」と定められた。
- Article 1 provided that 'all of Koshiro people groups ruled by the previous emperors, Miyake lands set up by the previous emperors, and Kakibe people groups and Tadokoro lands controlled by their owners titled Omi, Muraji, Tomo no miyatsuko, Kuni no miyatsuko and Mura no obito should be abolished.'
- 第一条 この法律は、東京都を新しく我が平和国家の首都として十分にその政治、経済、文化等についての機能を発揮し得るよう計画し、建設することを目的とする。
- Article 1: This law aims to plan and construct Tokyo Metropolis so as to develop fully the functions of politics, economy and culture of Tokyo as the capital of the peace state.
- ・註2:「敵兵悉ク福嶋ヘ逃入ノ後、公、羽黒山ノ麓、黒沼神社ノ邊ニ御本陣ヲ備エラレ、首級ヲ実検シ玉フ。濱尾漸齋御側ニ同候シ、披露ス」(『伊達治家記録』)
- Note 2: 'After all the enemies ran away to the Fukushima-jo Castle, Masamune set up the headquarters in the Kuronuma-jinja Shrine at the foot of Mr. Haguro to inspect severed heads; Zensai HAMAO (濱尾漸齋) stood next to him to show the heads' ('Date chika kiroku').
- さらに、私家集『拾塵和歌集』を編纂、自作の歌1100余首を残すとともに、准勅撰連歌集『新撰菟玖波集』も後援し、そのなかには自らの歌も多く撰ばれている。
- Furthermore, he edited a private waka collection, the 'Shujin Waka-shu', and not only left 1100 of his own poems but also supported 'Shinsen Tsukuba-shu', a quasi imperial anthology of waka poetry, for which many of his own poems were selected.
- 『続日本紀』の記述は光仁天皇を最終的に皇位継承者として認めた称徳天皇が神託事件の首謀者であった点をぼかした以外は事実をほぼ忠実に伝えていると解している。
- He thinks that things described in 'Shoku Nihongi' are generally accurate except that the author avoided to write clearly that the true ringleader of this Oracle Incident was the Empress Shotoku, who eventually approved Emperor Konin as her successor.
- この事件については立志社の指導者である板垣退助・後藤象二郎らは無関係で片岡も林ら過激な首謀者の巻き添えとなったとする見解が『自由党史』以来の通説である。
- Ever since the 'History of the Liberal Party' was compiled, the consensus has been that Taisuke ITAGAKI and Shojiro GOTO, leaders of the Rishisha, had nothing to do with the plot and that KATAOKA and HAYASHI were just associated with the radical ringleaders.
- 同時に、私鋳を行った者に対して官位剥奪、杖罪などを適用されることが規定されたが私鋳は止まず、後に首謀者に対する刑は死罪 (律令法)に引き上げられている。
- Although the law to strip the court ranks of those who carried out the act of shichusen and to give them a flogging was also laid down at the same time the ban the issued, production of shichusen did not stop, and in later years, the punishment given to the ringleader of the crime became more and more severe to the point where the death penalty was given to the criminals under the Ritsuryo code of law.
- 第7編「国民の職分を論ず」において、主君のために自分の命を投げ出す忠君義士の討死と、主人の命令を守れなかったために首をくくった権助の死を同一視している。
- In the seventh volume 'Consideration of the jobs of people', he painted a very loyal hero who sacrificed himself to his lord, and an ordinary man who killed himself because he could not uphold the order from his lord, with the same brush.
- 『万葉集』には長歌1首・短歌8首が入集している(18-4050・4053、19-4201・4203・4209・4210・4222・4231・4252)。
- One Choka (long poem) and 8 Tanka (thirty-one syllables' poem) of Hironawa's were selected for 'Manyoshu' (18-4050, 4053, 19-4201, 4203, 4209, 4210, 4222, 4231, 4252).
- 頼光たちは討ち取った首を京へ持ち帰ったが、老ノ坂で道端の地蔵尊に「不浄なものを京に持ち込むな」と忠告され、それきり首はその場から動かなくなってしまった。
- Yorimitsu and his team brought the head to Kyoto, but when they heard advice from a roadside Jizoson (Ksitigarbha) at Oi no Saka saying 'Do not bring a filthy thing to Kyoto,' the head stopped moving even an inch at all since then.
- 賀川豊彦(社会運動家)・松田竹千代(立憲民政党代議士。戦後、衆議院議長)・三木武夫(代議士。戦後、首相)らとともに「日米同志会」を立ち上げて会長となる。
- He worked with Toyohiko KAGAWA (engaged in a social movement), Takechiyo MATSUDA (a parliamentarian of Rikken Minsei-to political party, who became the Chairman of House of Representatives after the Second World War), Takeo MIKI (a parliamentarian who became the Prime Minister after the Second World War), etc. to found 'Japan-U.S. Fellow Association,' and he became the first chairman.
- なお、今昔物語集等を根拠として、頼時自身は反乱の首謀者ではなく蝦夷反乱に同調しようとしたとの嫌疑が掛けられたことに伴うものである等の見解が出されている。
- In addition, according to Konjaku monogatari shu (The Tale of Times Now Past), he did not mastermind the rebellion; this incident was followed by the fact that he was suspected of exploiting the uprising of Emishi (Japanese northerners).
- 首班が議会(衆議院)に議席を持たないという意味ではやや条件を欠くが、軍部大臣以外を政党人によってかためたという点では、日本史上初の政党内閣であるといえる。
- Although the cabinet lacked the condition in the sense that the head seat did not have position in the diet (the House of Representatives), it was Japan's first party cabinet in terms of the fact that the cabinet members were not from the military but from political parties.
- 第2条は、政治の中枢となる首都の設置、畿内・令制国・郡といった地方行政組織の整備とその境界画定、中央と地方を結ぶ駅伝制の確立などについて定めるものである。
- Article 2 was to stipulate the establishment of the capital as the political center, the organizations of local administrative offices in Kinai (regions surrounding the capital city), Ryoseikoku (provinces) and counties, the border demarcation between the regions, and the establishment of ekiden-sei (the transportation system) to connect the capital with the other regions.
- これによりニコメディア、シルミウム、メディオラヌム、アウグスタ・トレウェロルムの4都が置かれ、ローマは首都機能を失ったが、名目的には帝国の都として続いた。
- Because of this, four capitals were placed in Nicomedia, Sirumium, Meduiolanum and Augusta Treverorum respectively, and Rome lost its capital functions but nominally remained as the capital of the Empire.
- 九州王朝説(きゅうしゅうおうちょうせつ)とは、古田武彦によって提唱された、7世紀末まで九州に王朝があり、大宰府(太宰府)がその首都であったとする説である。
- Kyushu ocho setsu is a theory that a dynasty existed in Kyushu until the end of the seventh century and Dazai-fu was the capital of the dynasty, advocated by Takehiko FURUTA.
- 各巻とも水晶に金銀透彫りの金具をほどこした軸首や金銀の砂子(すなご)・切箔(きりはく)などを多用した料紙、あるいはまた紐などに当時の工芸技術を伝えている。
- The head of an axis with metal fittings with kingin sukashi-bori (openwork carving on gold or silver), the ryoshi in which gold or silver fine powders and kirihaku (decorative metal pattern on sculptures or paintings) are richly used, and the strings used in each scroll show the craft skills at that time.
- その直後、障子が開け放たれるや甲冑を着た武者たちが宴の座敷に乱入、赤松氏随一の剛の者安積行秀が播磨国の千種鉄で鍛えた業物を抜くや義教の首をはねてしまった。
- Just after that, shoji (a paper sliding door) were opened and armored warriors burst into the place for feast and Yukihide AZUMI, the bravest and strongest man in the Akamatsu clan, drew a sword hardened Chigusa-tetsu (special iron for sword) in the Harima Province and cut Yoshinori's head off.
- ところが、『玉葉』には晒し首になった者たちのうちで教経については生存の風聞がある事を示す記述があり、『醍醐雑事記』などは壇ノ浦の戦いで自害したとしている。
- However, in 'Gyokuyo,' there is an article stating that there was a rumor for Noritsune among family members whose heads were exposed that he was still alive and, in 'Godaizatsujiki', it is reported that Noritsune committed suicide in the Battle of Dan-no-ura.
- 水戸学に発する尊氏観はその後も継承され、尊王思想が高まった幕末期には尊皇攘夷論者によって等持院の尊氏・義詮・義満3代の木像が梟首される事件も発生している。
- Mitogaku's view of Takauji was inherited by the later generations, and in the late Tokugawa period when Sonno-Joi (Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarian) culminated, the heads of wooden statues of Takauji, Yoshiakira and Yoshimitsu (ASHIKAGA) in Toji-in were pilloried.
- 2つの首級を持参して信長の面前に出ると、今回は戦功が認められ、信長から300貫(一説に450貫文)の加増を受けて、ようやく帰参を許された(『信長公記』)。
- When he brought these two severed heads and advanced to the front of Nobunaga, his distinguished war services were recognized this time, and he was allowed to return to the service with chigyo of 300 kan (or 450 kanmom by another opinion) increased by Nobunaga ('Shinchoko-ki' [Biography of Nobunaga ODA]).
- 天皇の宮(首都)を飛鳥から難波宮(現在の大阪市中央区 (大阪市))に移し、蘇我氏など飛鳥の豪族を中心とした政治から天皇中心の政治への転換点となったとされる。
- The palace of Emperor (the capital city) was transferred from Asuka to Naniwanomiya Palace (present Chuo Ward, Osaka City), which is said to have become the turning point from the politics centered around Gozoku (local ruling families) such as the Soga clan to the politics centered around Emperor.
- 県側は一揆勢が新潟町に入るのを阻止するため平島(現新潟市)に軍を集め、8日午後、北上してきた一揆勢に威嚇射撃を行い、突撃しようとした首謀者の1人を射殺した。
- The Prefectural Office mustered an army in Heijima (present-day Niigata City) in order to prevent the uprising party from entering Niigata-machi, and on the afternoon of 8th, fired warning shots against the uprising party moving toward the north, shooting one of the ringleaders who intended to charge.
- 元老会議は後継首相に桂太郎を指名したが、桂は半年前に内大臣兼侍従長になったばかりであり、この点に関して「宮中・府中の別」を乱すものとして非難の声があがった。
- The conference of elder statesmen appointed Taro KATSURA as the next prime minister, but he had already assumed both Minister of Palace and Grand Chamberlain just half a year before, and his nomination became a target for criticism as a violation of the principle of separation between the Imperial Family and the Japanese government organization.
- それでも、緒嗣は冬嗣の死後、淳和・仁明天皇朝において15年以上も台閣の首班の座を維持し、従兄弟甥にあたる藤原吉野も地方官として治績を挙げ、中納言に昇進した。
- Otsugu still eventually maintained the head seat of Taikaku (cabinet) more than 15 years after the death of Fuyutsugu during the eras of Emperors Junna and Ninmyo, while his cousin's son FUJIWARA no Yoshino also left accomplishments as a local officer, and was promoted to Chunagon (vice-councilor of state).
- この作品は1985年にテレビ朝日の土曜ワイド劇場で元死刑囚役に三浦友和、義妹役に大場久美子を起用して「白の処刑 絞首台から生き返った男」として映像化された。
- This novel was adapted into a drama in 1985 by TV Asahi Corporation for Saturday Waido Theather, entitled 'Shiro no shokei Koshudai kara ikikaetta otoko' (White execution the man, who came back from scaffold alive), acted by Tomokazu MIURA as former condemned and Kumiko OBA as his sister-in-law.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)(1336年 - 1392年)は、「観応の擾乱正平一統」(1351年 - 1352年)の短期間を除き平安京が北朝 (日本)の首都である。
- During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) (1336-1392), except for the short time of Kanno Disturbance (1351-1352), Heian-Kyo was the capital of the Northern Court (Japan).
- 1923年(大正12年)に発せられた関東大震災直後ノ詔書(大正12年9月12日)では、東京がすでに首都であることを既定のこととして記載された文言が出てくる。
- In the imperial edict (September 12th, 1923) issued just after the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, the following statement expressed Tokyo as the capital, and that it should be transformed and developed further.
- しかし、越訴頭人は初代の頭人が金沢実時・安達泰盛であったように引付衆の中でも執権・連署を除く上首(最上位)もしくはそれに次ぐ御家人が任じられる慣例があった。
- However, among Hikitsukeshu, particularly joshu (the head) or second-tier vassal, except regency and rensho (assistant to regents), were customarily appointed as ossotonin; for example, the first ossotonin were Sanetoki KANEZAWA and Yasumori ADACHI.
- 宇多天皇は、891年(寛平3年)の関白藤原基経の死後摂関を置かず、源能有を事実上の首班として藤原時平と菅原道真、平季長等の近臣を重用し各種政治改革を行った。
- Emperor Uda did not appoint Sekkan (regents and advisers) after the death of Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Mototsune in 891, and carried out various political reforms using MINAMOTO no Yoshiari as a virtual leader, promoting trusted vassals such as FUJIWARA no Tokihira, SUGAWARA no Michizane, and TAIRA no Suenaga.
- 第二次西園寺公望内閣のとき、緊縮財政による国家財政再建や行政整理を理由に、西園寺公望首相が、陸軍による「二個師団増設」の要求を拒否した(二個師団増設問題)。
- During the second Kinmochi SAIONJI Cabinet, because of the national financial reconstruction and the administration by reduced budget, Prime Minister Kinomochi SAIONJI refused the Army's 'two division expansion' demand (two divisions' expansion issue).
- 織田信長は比叡山焼き討ち、長島一向一揆、越前一向一揆で大量虐殺を行ったが、今回も同様の処刑とあって織田信長の軍勢の中にも断案に首を傾げる者もいたようである。
- Nobunaga ODA had conducted genocidal killing in the cases of the fire attack against Mt. Hiei, Nagashima ikkoikki (an uprising of Ikko sect followers in Nagashima), and Echizen ikkoikki, and as similar execution was conducted in this case also, certain of Nobunaga ODA's troops inclined their heads.
- 1878年2月、得度して真宗大谷派の僧侶となり、東本願寺育英教校に入学、その留学生として東京大学予備門に進み、1887年に東京大学文学部哲学科を首席で卒業。
- In February 1878, he entered the Buddhist priesthood, becoming a monk of the Otani school of Jodo Shinshu, and after entering Higashi Hongan-ji's Ikuei School, he was chosen to go to the University of Tokyo's preparatory school (Tokyo Yobimon), graduating from the university's Department of Philosophy of the Faculty of Letters with highest honors in 1887.
- この乱で義朝に属した武士は東国落ちを余儀なくされたが、『平治物語』の記述によれば景重は義朝軍が敗退する直前に山内首藤俊通らと共に六条河原で討死したとされる。
- Although samurai warriors who sided with Yoshitomo had to flee down to the eastern part of Japan upon Yoshitomo's defeat in this war, Kageshige and others including Toshimichi YAMANOUCHISUDO were killed in action at Rokujo-gawara riverbed, Kyoto, immediately before the Yoshitomo forces were defeated according to the description of 'Heiji Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heiji War).
- 信西は義朝・信頼の軍勢に追われ、伊賀国の山中で源光保に捕らえられて首をはねられた(クーデターそのものは清盛によって鎮圧され、後の平氏政権の基礎が固まった)。
- Shinzei was pursued by Yoshitomo and Nobuyori's army, captured in the mountains of Iga Province by MINAMOTO no Mitsuyasu and beheaded (The coup was put down by Kiyomori, and the foundation for Taira government to come in later years was established).
- 1881年 ハワイ王国(当時)のカラカウア (ハワイ王)が、他国の国家元首として初めて訪日、明治天皇に謁見し、新たに日本からハワイへ移民を送ることに合意する。
- In 1881, King Kalakaua of the Kingdom of Hawaii was the first head of a foreign country to visit Japan, where he met the Meiji Emperor and agreed to accept more Japanese immigrants to Hawaii.
- だが、そのためには紙幣消却を進める為の財源捻出のために大幅な緊縮予算とデフレーションの発生を覚悟しなければならず、伊藤博文ら政府首脳や明治天皇に同意を求めた。
- To do this, however, Matsukata had to prepare himself for a drastically austere budget to come up with the finances needed for moving forward with the incineration of paper money and for a possible outbreak of deflation, for which he sought the approval of the senior government officials including Hirobumi ITO and the Emperor Meiji.
- 実際、福原への遷都宣言が出されたことはなく、行宮滞在中も行事は京都で行われている上、遷都計画が頓挫した後は、京都を首都とする方針が政権中枢にて決定されている。
- In fact,the edict for the transfer of the capital to Fukuhara was not issued, and rites and festivals were conducted in Kyoto even while Angu was set up in Fukuhara,and after the capital transfer plan came to a sudden stop, the policy of setting the capital in Kyoto was decided by the chief executives of the government.
- 五世紀中葉に房総半島の一角に本拠をもつ小首長が畿内の倭王のもとに武人として奉仕し、その功績によって銀象嵌の銘文をもつ鉄剣を下賜されるという関係が成立していた。
- By the middle of the fifth century, there had been a system in which a minor chief who was based in a part of the Boso Peninsula served a king of Wa in the Kinai District as a warrior, and the chief was granted an inscribed iron sword inlaid with silver due to his achievements.
- そのため、貞満が出発直前の後醍醐天皇に、「当家累年の忠義を捨てられ、京都に臨幸なさるべきにて候はば、義貞始め一族五十余人の首をはねて、お出であるべし」と奏上。
- Then, Sadamitsu appealed Emperor Godaigo who was just to depart, saying, 'now that you will go back to Kyoto, shedding the all the fealty that our family have rendered you for many years, before you leave you should decapitate Yoshisada and more than 50 members of our family.'
- しかし慶長4年(1599年)、徳川家康と本多正信の主従が策した家康暗殺疑惑事件の首謀者の一人として家康にその罪を問われ、下野国(栃木県)に流罪とされてしまう。
- However, in 1599 following questioning by Ieyasu, he was banished to Shimotsuke Province (Tochigi Prefecture), under suspicion of being a ringleader of a failed plot to assassinate Ieyasu that had been hatched by servants of Tokugawa Ieyasu and Masanobu HONDA.
- 武家に付随する所従は合戦において戦場に同行し、馬の口引き、敵の首担ぎなどの職責を担ったが、通常士分とは認められておらずその首を取っても手柄とは見なされなかった。
- As Shoju were subordinate to the military family, they attended their master on the battlefields in wartime doing such labor as packhorse driving or carrying the enemy's head; nevertheless, they were not regarded as samurai warriors, and even if they carried the enemy's head, it was not considered as a military achievement.
- 三浦義澄は義平の叔父、上総介広常は義朝を養君として擁立していた上総氏の嫡子、山内首藤氏は源氏譜代の家人であり、いずれも義朝と個人的に深い関係を有する武士である。
- Yoshizumi MIURA was Yoshihira's uncle while Hidetsune KAZUSANOSUKE was the heir of the Kazusa clan, who backed Yoshitomo, having adopted him as their liege lord, and the Yamanouchi-Sudo clan had been vassals of the Minamoto for many generations, meaning that all of these warriors had close personal relationships with Yoshitomo.
- また留守官は明治3年5月に京都府から宮中に移され、同年12月に京都の宮内省に合併、明治4年(1871年)8月23日には廃され、東京への首都機能の移転が行われた。
- The Rusukan was moved from Kyoto Prefecture to the imperial court by May of 1870, where it was combined with the Imperial Household Ministry in December, then removed in August 23, 1871, and then all of the capital organizations were moved to Tokyo.
- 箱館戦争が終結すると、首謀者の榎本武揚・大鳥圭介・松平太郎らは東京辰の口に投獄されたが、黒田清隆らによる助命運動により、明治5年(1872年)1月に赦免された。
- When the Hakodate War was over, the mastermind of the war, Takeaki ENOMOTO, Keisuke OTORI, and Taro MATSUDAIRA were imprisoned in Tatsunokuchi, Tokyo, but they were pardoned in January, 1872, because of a movement to save their lives led by Kiyotaka KURODA.
- (事件とは、)朝鮮人か恒居倭か正体不明な海賊を恒居倭だと決め付け、見せしめに倭館の前に首を晒す、あるいは無実の日本人が海賊と間違われて斬られる、(などである。)
- The incidents which triggered this outburst of anger were, for example, the incident that the hensho insisted that some pirates who might or might not be kokyowa were definitely kokyowa and displayed their heads in front of the wakan as a warning, and the incident that ordinary Japanese people were killed on a false charge of pirates.
- 1898年(明治31年)6月、明治政府は、日本最初の政党内閣として憲政党による隈板内閣(首相:大隈重信、内務大臣 (日本):板垣退助、ともに首班)を成立させた。
- In June, 1898, the Meiji Government established the Waihan Cabinet (Prime Minister: Shigenobu OKUMA, the Minister of Dometic Affairs (Japan): Taisuke ITAGAKI, both were shuhan [chairman of their respective parties]) organized by Kenseito (a political party in the Meiji period in Japan) as the first party cabinet in Japan.
- 神田明神の「かんだ」は、首を斬られて殺された将門の胴体、つまり「からだ」が変化したものという説もあるし、坂東市内の胴塚周辺の地名は「神田山(かどやま)」である。
- The name 'Kanda' of Kanda Myojin, according to one theory, is said to be derived from the word for body, 'karada,' representing the torso of Masakado after he was decapitated; the name of the area where the burial mound of Masakado's torso is located in Bando City is 'Kadoyama' (the first two characters are written with the same two characters as Kanda).
- 陸奥へ達した朝廷軍は、蝦夷側の首領阿弖流爲の根拠地である胆沢の入り口にあたる衣川村に軍を駐屯させて日を重ねていたが、5月末に桓武天皇の叱責を受けて行動を起こした。
- The Imperial army reached Mutsu Province and spent several days staying in Koromogawa Village at the entrance of the Isawa where the chieftain Aterui of the Emishi side was based, then after the Emperor Kanmu's reprimand, it took action at the end of June.
- ところが、夜になっても幕府軍が押し寄せる様子はなかったため、領国に帰って抵抗することに決め、邸に火を放つと、将軍の首を槍先に掲げ、隊列を組んで堂々と京を退去した。
- However, there were no sign of the army of bakufu even in the evening, so they deciced to go back to their territory and wait to fight, so they hold up shogun's head on a spear point and left Kyoto proudly, drawing up in line after setting fire to the residence.
- 大正デモクラシーの波にのって成長し、1917年第一党に復帰、1918年米騒動後、1918年(大正7年)に原敬が首班となって、日本最初の本格的な政党内閣を組織した。
- Riding the wave of Taisho Democracy, the Seiyu Party returned to the leading party in 1917 and after rice riot in 1918, Takashi HARA was nominated as shuhan (the head seat) and organized the first full-fledged party government in Japan in 1918.
- また唐の文化や国力、首都長安の偉容や繁栄などを報告したことが、藤原京と長安との差がかけ離れていることを自覚することとなって、遷都を決めた要因となったと考えられる。
- Also, his reporting on culture, power of the nation and the dignity and prosperity of the capital, Changan, of Tang made the government conscious of the large difference between Fujiwarakyo and Changan, which resulted in the decision to transfer the capital.
- 4月6日の時点では講和条件に異議なしと日本に伝えたが、首相クロートヴィヒ・ツー・ホーエンローエ=シリングスフュルストや外相マーシャルは列強との共同行為を提案した。
- Germany once conveyed its consent to the peace conditions to Japan on April 6, but Germany's then-prime minister, Chlodwig Karl Victor Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, and then-foreign minister, Marshall, proposed a concerted intervention in Japan's affairs with other world powers.
- 江戸末期に老中首座となった水野忠邦は、天保の改革の一環として上知令(江戸城大阪城の十里四方を天領とする)を発令したため、周辺に領地を持つ大名から大きく非難された。
- As a part of the Tempo Reforms, Tadakuni MIZUNO, who became the head of Roju (senior councilors of the Tokugawa Shogunate) at the end of the Edo period, issued Agechi-rei (confiscation command of territory) to turn the area within a radius of 10 ri (one 'ri' is about 3.927km) from the Edo and Osaka Castle into tenryo, and daimyo lords having territories around these castles criticized him severely.
- このうち、国司には中央から派遣されたが、郡司・里長はかつての在地首長である地域の豪族層が終身官として任命され、実質上自分の支配地域を行政単位として認められていた。
- The provincial governor was sent from the central government, whereas the local magistrate or village chief was appointed for life from local powerful clans who had ruled the area, which virtually meant that they were approved to govern the areas they originally ruled as administrative districts of the central government.
- この雲揚が同年9月20日首都漢城に近い要塞地帯であった江華島に接近し、発砲されたとの理由で3日間にわたり戦闘し22日には永宗島の砲台を攻撃、占領する事件が起きた。
- On September 20 of the same year, an incident occurred: this Unyo approached Ganghwa Island, which was the stronghold base near the capital Hanseong, and fought for three days insisting that she had been fiired, then on 22nd, she attacked the gun batteries and seized Yeongjong Island.
- 1868年(慶応4年)の鳥羽伏見の戦いに際しては京に残り、薩摩藩に捕われ、同藩邸に収容されたが、同藩首脳部はその人物の優秀さを知っており決して粗末に扱わなかった。
- He stayed in Kyoto during the Battle of Toba-Fushimi in 1868, and was captured by the Satsuma clan and taken to the residence of Satsuma Domain, however the top leaders of the Satsuma clan did not kick him around because they knew his excellence.
- 『玉葉』によると、寿永3年(1184年)2月9日一ノ谷の合戦後、義経は討ち取った平家一門の首を都大路に引き渡し獄門にかける事を奏聞する為、少数の兵で都に駆け戻る。
- According to 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of Kanezane KUJO), after the Battle of Ichinotani on February 9, 1184, he ran back to Kyoto with a few retainers to ask for the Imperial court's instruction of what to do with the heads of the Taira family, because he wanted permission to display them publicly on Miyako-oji Avenue.
- 東京帝国大学法科の首脳は京大法科を支持、当時の奥田義夫文部大臣も「教授ノ任免ニ付テハ総長カ職権ノ運用上教授会ト協定スルハ差支ナク且ツ妥当ナリ」と京大法科を支持した。
- The head of the law school of Tokyo Imperial University supported the law school of Kyoto Imperial University, and then Minister for Education Yoshio OKUDA also supported the law school of Kyoto Imperial University by saying 'in the case of the appointment and dismissal of professors, it is all right and appropriate for the president to conclude the agreement with faculty councils.'
- 本能寺の変の首謀者である明智光秀の討伐において最大の功績を上げた豊臣秀吉は、信長の嫡孫にあたる三法師(織田秀信)を傀儡の後継者として指名し、信長の実質的後継を奪う。
- Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who had the greatest record of achievements after hunting down and killing Mitsuhide AKECHI--the ringleader of the Incident at Honnoji temple--nominated Hidenobu ODA, the grandson of Nobunaga, as a puppet ruler (Hidenobu was only two at the time), thereby usurping the lion's share of successional power for himself.
- それまでの天誅は、開国派や公武合体派であった個人を狙ってのものが大半であったが、この事件では足利将軍の木像を梟首することで暗に倒幕の意味を持つものとして重視された。
- Heaven's punishment used to be given to those individuals that were a part of groups which were for opening Japan to the world, integrating the imperial court and the shogunate, but this incident was counted because destroying the heads of wooden images of the Ashikaga Shoguns implied that they wished to overthrow the Shogunate.
- 首級は備後国鞆の浦に在していた時の室町幕府15代将軍足利義昭や毛利輝元により実検が行われ、その後地元の人たちが手厚く葬った首塚が現在も残る(鞆の浦・静観寺山門前)。
- Shikanosuke's decapitated head was identified by Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, the then 15th shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), who was staying at Tomonoura in Bingo Province, and Terumoto MORI, after which it was interred by the local residents, with all due respect, in a burial mound located in front of the gate of Seikan-ji Temple, remains in the temple grounds to this day.
- 「讃岐国司解」とは、貞観9年(867年)2月16日、那珂郡 (讃岐国)と多度郡に住む因支首(いなぎのおびと)一族から出された和気公(わけのきみ)への改姓願いである。
- Sanuki no Kokushinoge' was an application for change of the family name submitted on March 29, 867, to Prince Wake by the INAGI no Obito clan who lived throughout Naka County and Tado no Gori (Sanuki Province).
- 天保5年(1834年)に水野忠成が病没したため、代わって本丸老中に任ぜられ、天保8年(1837年)に勝手御用掛を兼ねて、天保10年(1839年)に老中首座となった。
- To replace Tadaakira MIZUNO, who died of disease in 1834, Tadakuni was appointed as roju of Honmaru Palace, and also promoted to roju shuza (the head of roju) in 1839 after additionally held the post of katte goyo-gakari (director of finance) in 1837.
- こうした動きに対し、桂首相は明治天皇の諒闇中(服喪期間)であるから政争を中止するように諭した大正天皇の詔勅(優詔)を受けてこれを乱発し、政府批判を封じた(優詔政策)。
- Against this movement, Prime Minister Katsura frequently abused 'Shochoku' (imperial edict) of Emperor Taisho, which was originally issued by the Emperor to stop the political disputes, respecting the period for mourning of former Emperor Meiji (Imperial Edict Tactics), and tried to silence the people's criticism of the government.
- 官庁集中計画(かんちょうしゅうちゅうけいかく)は明治時代の首都計画で、議事堂や官庁などを霞が関付近に集中し、パリやベルリンに並ぶ華麗なバロック都市を建設しようとした。
- The government offices centralizing plan was the city plan of the capital of Tokyo which was organized in the Meiji period; it planned to build a splendid baroque city which would be equivalent to Paris or Berlin by centralizing official buildings such as the Congress Hall and government offices around Kasumigaseki area in Tokyo.
- 地位・格式・立場を示す姓(カバネ)としては、公(きみ)、臣(おみ)、連(むらじ)、造(みやつこ)、直(あたい)、首(おびと)、史(ふひと)、村主(すぐり)などがある。
- Kabane which denoted ranks, social statuses and positions included kimi, omi, muraji, miyatsuko, atai, obito, fuhito and suguri.
- 関東の独立を掲げた武将で、代表的な怨霊でもある平将門を祭る神田明神は、大手門前(現在の首塚周辺)から、江戸城の鬼門にあたる駿河台へと移され、江戸惣鎮守として奉られた。
- Kanda Myojin-Shine which enshrined TAIRA no Masakado, a renown samurai who sought the independence of the Kanto region and who said to have later turned into a vengeful ghost, was relocated from Ote-mon Gate (The area surrounding the present day Kubi-zuka [Mound of Heads]) to Surugadai to the northeast of Edo Castle which was known as a kimon (Literally translated as the 'demons gate,' which signified an inauspicious direction in Onmyodo [yin-yang philosophy]), and enshrined their as a Shinto deity and protector of Edo.
- 義朝は自らの戦功に代えて、為義と弟たちの助命を願うが許されず、7月30日 (旧暦)に源義朝によって斬首された(場所は、『兵範記』では船岡、『保元物語』では七条朱雀)。
- In spite of Yoshitomo's plea for the life of Tameyoshi and his younger brothers for their distinguished war services, they were not pardoned and on August 24, they were beheaded by Yoshitomo, either in Funaoka, according to 'Heihanki' (TAIRA no Nobunori's diary), or in Shichijo-Suzaku, according to 'Hogen Monogatari' (Tales of the Hogen War).
- 伯父である藤原永手系に代わって北家の嫡流となり、傍流ゆえに大臣になれなかった父・真楯より一階級上の右大臣に至り、平城天皇朝~嵯峨天皇朝初期にかけて台閣の首班を務めた。
- He took over from FUJIWARA no Nagate, his uncle, as the main line of the Northern House and, unlike his father, who was from a branch family and therefore unable to become a minister, he reached the rank of Udaijin (Minister of the Right), which is one rank higher than that of his father, serving as the head of the government from the early days of Emperor Heizei's reign to the beginning of the reign of Emperor Saga.
- なお、容保は禁門の変での働きを孝明天皇から認められその際書簡と御製(和歌)を賜ったのだが、彼はそれらを小さな竹筒に入れて首にかけ、死ぬまで手放すことはなかったという。
- Furthermore, Katamori had been honored with a letter and poem from Emperor Komei in recognition of his work in the Kinmon Incident, which he placed in a small bamboo tube that he hung around his neck and never let go of until he died.
- しかし、実戦では滅法強かったと言われている(斬り合いの時、足下の砂を相手にぶつけてひるんだ隙に斬り伏せたり首を絞めて絞殺したりなど、縦横無尽に戦闘をしていたという)。
- Nevertheless, it is said that he was awfully strong in actual fighting (it is said that he fought with no restraints, for example, by throwing the sand on the ground at his opponent and slashing or strangling him while heflinched from Toshizo's initial attack).
- 歳三は江戸へ向かい勝海舟らに直談判し近藤の助命を嘆願したが実現せず、慶応4年(1868)4月25日、近藤は板橋近辺(現JR板橋駅前に墓所有り)にて処刑(斬首)される。
- Toshizo went to Edo and directly negotiated with Kaishu KATSU and others and pleaded them to spare KONDO's life, but he was not successful; KONDO was executed (beheaded) on April 25 1868, at a place close to Itabashi (currently, his tomb is located in front of JR Itabashi Station).
- これは、戦功確認として斬った敵将の首を一々軍奉行に認定されるまで後生大事に持っているのではなく、近くにいる仲間に確認してもらったらすぐその場に捨てよというものだった。
- Samurai used to carry the heads of commanders from opposing armies who they had killed as proof of distinguished service in battle until gaining approval from a military commissioner, however, Moronao made a military command to abandon the head as soon as a fellow samurai had checked it.
- 太田蘭三の小説「白の処刑」(2004年に講談社から文庫化)では、冤罪で処刑された死刑囚がレスリングで鍛えた首のおかげで執行後に蘇生し、放免となり真犯人を追う内容である。
- In a novel entitled 'Shiro no Shokei (literally, White Execution)' written by Ranzo OTA, (in 2004, paperback edition was published by Kodansha Ltd.), a condemned, who is falsely charged, is executed but resuscitates thanks to his hardened neck through wrestling training, then he is set free and chases the real culprit.
- 正中の変(しょうちゅうのへん)とは、鎌倉時代後期の1324年(正中 (元号)元年)に起きた、後醍醐天皇による鎌倉幕府討幕計画が事前に発覚して首謀者が処分された事件である。
- The 'Shochu Incident' occurred in 1324 (late Kamakura period), where a plan to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu by Emperor Godaigo was discovered beforehand and the main perpetrators were executed.
- おそらく北の方から入った弥平次殿と母衣衆の二人が、「首はうち捨てろ」とおっしゃるので従い、堂の下へ投げ入れ、(堂の)正面から入りましたが、広間にも一人も人がいないでした。
- Yaheiji (Mitsuhide AKECHI) and a member of the horo shu (elite courier guards), who had probably entered the premises of the temple from the north side, told us to discard the head, and so we followed his order and threw the head under the temple; we entered the temple from the front entrance, but could not see anyone in the main hall.
- 1世紀には倭国が北部九州を中心とした地域に成立し、倭国王は博多湾近くの倭奴国に首都をおいて漢に朝貢し、後には太宰府に都を移して7世紀末まで存在したとする九州王朝説がある。
- According to the theory of the Kyushu dynasty, Wakoku had been founded by the first century around the area of the northern part of Kyusu, and the King of Wa placed the capital in Wanonanokuni near the Hakata Bay and offered tribute to the Han Dynasty, and then transferred it to Dazaifu (govermental headquarters in northern Kyushu from the late Kofun period (300-700) through the Heian Period) to exist till the end of the seventh century.
- フランコ自身は王政復古を望んでいたが、フアン (バルセロナ伯)元皇太子がフランコ体制を支持せず、フランコ自身が首相と摂政を兼ねる総統に就任して全権を掌握する体制が続いた。
- Although Franco himself desired to restore royal rule, former Crown Prince Juan (Count of Barcelona) did not support the Franco government, so that Franco assumed the post of supreme ruler which covered both the posts of prime minister and regent and maintained the political system in order for him to keep full power of control over the nation..
- この「天皇の軍隊の最高幹部がなんら倫理的葛藤なしに天皇の指名した首相を拒否・打倒する」事態については、山本七平・小室直樹・堺屋太一などが社会評論の題材として分析している。
- Shichihei YAMAMOTO, Naoki KOMURO, and Taichi SAKAIYA analyzed the matter that 'the top Army executives of the emperor refuses or dismisses a prime minister who the Emperor designates' as a subject of social criticism.
- 竈門神社の縁起にあるように「四神相応の地」といわれ、首都としての立地条件を備えており、また、これは水城等の建設された664年や大宰府が建設された618年には確定していた。
- As described in engi (writing about the history) of Kamado-jinja Shrine, it is said to be `the place for Shijin so,' and it was conveniently located as a capital before 664 when mizu-shiro (castles on lakes or marshes for defensive reasons) was constructed or 618 when Dazai-fu was constructed.
- 浪士が自宅に踏み込んできたとき賀川は二階へと逃げ込み隠れていたが、運悪く帰宅した幼い子どもが浪士たちに捕われ厳しい詰問を受けるのを見て自ら階下へ降りたところを斬首された。
- When the roshi made a raid and stepped into his house, KAGAWA went upstairs and hid himself; but on seeing his young children who unfortunately came home and were cruelly questioned by the roshi that had captivated them, he went downstairs on his own will, and was beheaded.
- 耳塚 豊臣秀吉による文禄・慶長の役の際、海を隔てて首しるしを持ち帰れないために、その代わりとして持ち帰った耳を集めて葬ったものと伝えられる塚で、首塚と同様の意味合いをもつ。
- Mimizuka (tomb of ears) is a tomb where the ears of the killed persons in the Bunroku-Keicho War were said to be gathered and buried as the substitute of heads, because it was impossible to bring back the severed heads from overseas; it has the same meaning as Kubizuka.
- これらの全般的な特徴として、まず首位の昇叙があり、ついでそれに連なる直系親族のみに対し氏姓の変更が行われるといった順序により同族の中から有力な者が抽出されるという点にある。
- The general characteristic of these lies in the point that at the beginning the top rank is raised and then for the direct line that connected with the raised rank changes of clan name and hereditary title is made; because of this procedural order, an influential person is extracted.
- 内閣総理大臣は「内閣ノ首班トシ機務ヲ奏宣シ旨ヲ承テ大政ノ方向ヲ指示」(2条)し、また「行政全部ヲ統督」(4条)すると定められ、少なくとも形式上は強力な権限を与えられていた。
- The Naikaku-shokken stipulated that the Prime Minister 'shall report state affairs to the Emperor, receive the Emperor's instructions, and direct the course of policies as the first among ministers' (Article 2) and 'maintain unity among the different branches of the administration' (Article 4); the Prime Minister, therefore, possessed extensive authority, at least formally.
- 横浜港鎖港督促の沙汰が10月13日(旧暦9月1日 (旧暦))には慶喜に対して、10月26日(旧暦9月14日 (旧暦))には朝廷に参内した首席老中酒井忠績に対して行なわれる。
- An demand notice to exclude foreign ships from the Yokohama port was made to Yoshinobu on October 13, and the same was made to the chief roju Tadashige Sakai who visited the Imperial Court on October 26.
- (被告のうち1名は公判途中で死去)兇徒聚集罪は認められなかったが、当時現場にいなかった、首謀者とされる農民らに重い刑を科すという意味では、検察側の主張に沿った判決となった。
- None of the peasants were found guilty of mass rioting (one accused person died during the public court,) but it could be said that the sentence was given in line with the prosecution's claim because the peasants whom the prosecutions regarded as ringleaders were imposed on a heavy penalty, even though they were not at the incident site.
- 百姓に属する民の主体であった公民は、平安時代初期までは古来の地方首長層の末裔である郡司層によって編成され、国衙における国司の各国統治、徴税事務もこの郡司層を通じて成された。
- The citizens, who were main constituents of people belonging to the hyakusho class, were organized by the gunji class, the descendants of classes of ancient local governments' heads up to the early Heian period, and the ruling and tax collection by kokushi (provincial governors) at kokuga (provincial government offices) were conducted through the gunji class.
- また、その後の戊辰戦争時、劣勢となった近藤勇は越谷で大久保大和と称して新政府軍に出頭したが、新政府軍に加わっていた加納道之助に正体を看破されて捕縛され、ついに斬首となった。
- Later, during the Boshin Civil War, Isami KONDO, finding himself in an inferior position, turned himsel in the new government troops under the alias of Yamato OKUBO at Koshigaya; however, his identity was revealed by Michinosuke KANO who had joined the troops, and he was captured and beheaded.
- 特に憲法制定過程における枢密院審議においては、そのすべてに臨御し、また国会開設前後の立憲政治未成熟期に首相が頻繁に辞任・交代した際も、政局の調停者として重要な役割を担った。
- For example, he attended all the Privy Councils, and he also played an important role as an arbitrator of political situations during the regular prime ministers' resignations and change, as the constitutional politic was immature soon after the Diet was established.
- 後継首相の選定は、薩摩閥の推す松方正義が高齢を理由に辞退、同じく薩摩閥の山本権兵衛、山県閥の平田東助が政権運営の困難を理由に辞退したことで混迷し、大命は桂に降ることとなった。
- Selection of the successor to the prime minister was complicated due to the successive declines to assume the post; Masayoshi MATSUKATA, recommended by the Satsuma clique, declined it for his old age, and Gonbei YAMAMOTO of the Satsuma clique and Tosuke HIRATA of the Yamagata faction declined it for the anticipated difficulties to manage the administration, and in the end the Imperial command was issued to Katsura to form a Cabinet.
- この協定は、東京で日本の桂首相とウィリアム・タフト特使が1905年7月27日の朝から外務次官珍田捨巳の通訳の下で行なった会合の記録から、長い機密の会話の部分で構成されている。
- This agreement consists of meeting records containing portions of a long, confidential conversation between the Japanese Prime Minister Katsura and the US special envoy Taft with the help of a translator, Sutemi CHINDA, the Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, held in Tokyo on the morning of July 27, 1905.
- 彼は日本の民間からエルトゥールル号事件の犠牲者の遺族に対する義捐金を集めるキャンペーンを行い、事件の翌々年に集まった義捐金を自ら携えてオスマン帝国の首都イスタンブルに渡った。
- He started a fund-raising campaign among Japanese citizens to collect contributions for the families of the victims of the Ertuğrul incident; after two years, he travelled to Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, carrying the collected donations.
- 『続史愚抄』によれば、建武5年8月28日 (旧暦)に朝廷で行われた「暦応」改元の決定は幕府側には伝えられず、足利尊氏ら幕府首脳は9月4日 (旧暦)になって初めて知ったという。
- According to 'Zoku Shigusho' (Historical work published in 1791), the decision to change the name of the era to 'Ryakuo' in the Imperial Court on October 19, 1338 was not conveyed to the bakufu, and it was not until October 25 that the seniors in the bakufu, including Takauji ASHIKAGA knew of the change.
- 直弼の首は遠藤邸に置かれていたが、所在をつきとめた彦根藩側が、闘死した藩士のうち年齢と体格が直弼に似た加田九郎太の首と偽ってもらい受け、藩邸で典医により胴体と縫い合わされた。
- Although Naosuke's head was kept at the ENDO residence, the Hikone clan which found out where his head was, having been deceived, took the head of Kurota KATA, who was chosen from feudal retainers dying on a battle field because he was a similar age and build to Naosuke, and sewed it to Naosuke's body, with the help of a doctor in the hantei (the residence maintained by a daimyo in Edo).
- が、承久3年(1221年)に後鳥羽上皇が倒幕の兵を挙げると基綱は上皇方として参加し、その敗北とともに討ち取られ梟首されたとの記録が残る(『吾妻鏡』同6月20日 (旧暦)条)。
- However, it is documented that when the Retired Emperor Gotoba raised an army to overthrow the Shogunate, Mototsuna took part in the Retired Emperor's side, and that when it was defeated, he was killed and his severed head was exposed (the article of July 18, 1221 in 'Azuma Kagami' [The Mirror of the East]).
- 佐々氏は、元々は尾張守護代・岩倉城主、織田信安に属していたとされ(武功夜話)、信長公記首巻によれば、成政は織田信長暗殺を企んだという風聞が流れ、釈明したという話が残っている。
- The Sassa clan was said to originally belong to Nobuyasu ODA, a guard of Owari and head of the Iwakura-jo Castle (Bukoyawa) and according to Shinchoko-ki (biography of Nobunaga ODA), there is a anecdote that since there was a rumor that Narimasa attempted to assassinate Nobunaga ODA, Narimasa apologized.
- その首は丸太に釘で打ち付けられ、朝廷に送られた(この故事に倣い、後年源頼朝によって藤原泰衡の首も同様の措置がされた。平泉の中尊寺に現存する泰衡の首には、釘の跡が残っている)。
- The head of Sadato was nailed on a log and sent to the Imperial Court (in later years, the head of FUJIWARA no Yasuhira was also sent by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo to the Court following the example of this. The head of Yasuhira stored in Chuson-ji Temple of Hiraizumi still shows a trace of nailing).
- 本項では、黒田内閣の事績とともに、黒田の総理辞任後2ヵ月間にわたって存在した内大臣・三條實美を首班とする三條暫定内閣(さんじょう ざんてい ないかく)の背景についても解説する。
- In this section mentioned are achievemens of Kuroda Cabinet as well as the background of Sanjo Provisional Cabinet lead by Sanetomi SANJO, Minister of the Interior, that existed for two months after Kuroda's stepping down from his position as Prime Minister.
- また、備後国の山内首藤氏は、南北朝時代 (日本)の1351年(貞和7)に、分轄相続によって結束力の薄れた一族11人が、一致団結して足利冬直につくことを誓約した文章が残っている。
- In addition, the Yamauchisudo clan of Bingo Province had an emblem made from a pledge in 1351, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to serve Fuyuji ASHIKAGA by unifying eleven members that became less unified due to divided inheritance.
- 源頼朝による鎌倉幕府の成立以後、元服や移徙などの重要な儀礼の際には椀飯が行われ、とりわけ年始に行われる「歳首の椀飯」は武家政権の最も重要な儀式の1つとして行われるようになった。
- After the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, oban was served at important ceremonies such as Genpuku (coming of age) and Ito (moving), and the 'Saishu no oban' that was served in the beginning of the year became one of the most important ceremonies of the buke (military) government.
- また、大規模な集落については、長期間継続し、人口も集住し、周辺に小集落が存在し、首長の居宅や祭祀用の大型掘っ立て柱建物があり、金属器生産が行われ、遠隔地との交流物品が出土する。
- Larger settlements were surrounded by neighboring smaller settlements, were used over a longer time with a larger number of population, contained the chief's residence and a large pit facility where rituals were held, produced metal ware in the village, and various materials received from remote regions in trade are excavated from remaining sites.
- また、記録によれば、一万数千の首の内、偽首を取られるなど殺害された民衆が数多くおり、生き残ったものの奴隷狩りに遭った者の数は大人から年端の行かぬ子供まで数千人に達したとされる。
- According to documents, among ten and some thousands of beheaded people, many ordinary people were included who were murdered for nisekubi (false head) and the number of people who survived but were captured as slaves reached as many as thousands from adults to young children.
- この朝臣が作られた背景には、従来から有った、臣(おみ)、連(むらじ)、首 (曖昧さ回避)(おびと)、直(あたい)などの姓(かばね)の上位に位置する姓(かばね)を作ることでした。
- The reason why Asomi was introduced was to create a superior kabane to the others such as Omi, Muraji, Obito, Atai or so on which had long been in existence.
- その一方で義経の自害の後、景時と和田義盛ら郎従20騎がその首を検分した時、「観ル者ミナ双涙ヲ拭ヒ、両衫ヲ湿ホス(見る者皆涙を流した)」とあり、義経への批判と哀惜の両面が伺える。
- After Yoshitsune's suicide, when Kagetoki and Yoshimori WADA accompanied by their 20 retainers examined his head, the book wrote, 'All the people who saw his head shed tears,' showing the ambivalence of criticism against and attachment for Yoshitsune.
- 伏見宮貞成親王は『看聞日記』で、比叡山の事件を噂した茶商人が即座に斬首された事につき「万人恐怖シ、言フ莫レ、言フ莫レ」(『看聞日記』永享七年2月8日_(旧暦)条)と評している。
- Prince Fushiminomiya Sadanari in his 'Kammon Diary' commented on an incident in which a tea merchant who talked about the Hieizan incident was beheaded on the spot, saying 'Everyone fears, say nothing, say nothing' (from the 'Kammon Diary' entry of February 8, 1435).
- つまり、4月23日に「仰ト号シテ」連署北条時村を「夜討」した12人はそれぞれ有力御家人の屋敷などに預けられていたが、10日もたってから「此事僻事(虚偽)なりければ」と斬首された。
- In other words, each of the twelve persons who killed Tokimura Hojo, assistant to shikken, in a night, saying that 'they had been ordered to do so,' was held into custody in the residence of a powerful retainer of the shogun, but in ten days, all of them were decapitated 'saying that the reason was false.'
- 首実検(くびじっけん)とは、前近代、配下の武士が戦場で討ちとった敵方の首級(くび・しるし)の身元を大将が判定し、その配下の武士の論功行賞の重要な判定材料とするために行われた作業。
- In feudal days of old, lower ranked samurai took the heads severed from the bodies of foes killed on the battlefield to their commanders for identification called 'Kubi jikken'; this activity took place because a severed head was crucial piece of identification evidence leading to conferring of honors on lower ranking samurai.
- また、現存している記録に残された冠位とその人物が属している姓の水準が一致している例が多い(臣・連以外の姓より大徳が輩出された例は無く、村主・首以下の姓で小徳を輩出した例は無い)。
- There are many examples of courtly rank coinciding with the hereditary title level to which the person belonged (there are no examples of people with titles other than Omi and Muraji being awarded the rank of Daitoku, or of people below Suguri and Kashira being awarded the rank of Shotoku).
- また「二・二六事件」後、石原廣一郎から後継首班には「近衛公ヲ措イテ人ガ無」く、「是非老公ニ御推薦願ヒ度イ」と依頼されるとこれを西園寺に伝え、近衛文麿への大命降下に一役買っている。
- After the 'February 26th Incident', when Hiroichiro ISHIHARA asked him to 'request SAIONJI the recommendation' of Duke KONOE, as 'there is no other person except for him,' he transferred this message to SAIONJI, and played an important role in issuing an Imperial command to appoint Fumimaro KONOE.
- 二条城の門前に晒された際に、折敷に盛った強飯と赤鰯を足軽からあてがわれ、「戦に負けて捕らわれることは恥としないが、かくも卑陋な物を食わせるとは無礼な奴。早く首を刎ねよ」と怒った。
- When he was pilloried in front of the gate of the Nijo-jo Castle and was provided kowaii (steamed rice) and akaiwashi (pickled sardines) put on an oshiki (wooden tray) by an ashigaru (common foot soldier), he got angry and said 'I don't feel ashamed to be defeated in battle and captured, but it is impolite to serve such poor food. Behead me immediately,'
- 姫君の血の酒や人肉をともに食べ安心させた上、酒盛りの最中に頼光が神より兜とともにもらった「神便鬼毒酒」という酒を酒呑童子に飲ませて体が動かなくされたうえで寝首を掻かれ成敗された。
- After being put at ease with a feast of noble women's blood and flesh, at the height of festivities, Yorimitsu slipped Shuten Doji some poisoned sake called 'Jinbenkidoku-shu,' which he had given, together with a helmet, by a god and when Shuten Doji was paralyzed after drinking the sake, Yorimitsu cut off his head.
- 北条時宗は鎌倉の龍ノ口刑場(江ノ島付近)で杜世忠以下5名を斬首に処した(これは、使者が日本の国情を詳細に記録・偵察した、間諜(スパイ)としての性質を強く帯びていたためと言われる)。
- Tokimune HOJO executed Shizhong DU and other four men at Tatsunokuchi Execution Site (near Eno-shima Island) (it is said to have been because the envoys were mostly spies in nature, recording and investigating the conditions of Japan in detail).
- 重盛にとって義兄の成親が平氏打倒の首謀者だったことは衝撃だったが、頼盛も謀議に加わっていた法勝寺執行・俊寛が妻・大納言局の兄弟だったことから、厳しい視線にさらされたものと見られる。
- It came as a great shock to Shigemori that his brother in law, Narichika, was the leader of the plot to topple the Taira clan, and it seems that Yorimori also was subjected to close scrutiny due to the fact that Shunkan, Hossho-ji Temple executive, who was a brother of his wife, Dainagon no tsubone, was a party to the plot.
- 翌天文21年(1552年)に尾張下四郡を支配する織田大和守家(清洲織田氏)の清洲城主、織田信友と信長の間に起こった萱津の戦いで初陣し、首級ひとつを挙げる功を立てる(村井重頼覚書)。
- In 1552, he took part in the war for the first time in the Battle of Kayatsu which was broken out between Nobunaga and Nobutomo ODA, the lord of Kiyosu-jo Castle of the Oda Yamato no Kami family (the Kiyosu Oda clan) who governed Owari Shimo Yongun (the lower four counties of Owari), and made an achievement of getting one severed head (Memoranda of Shigeyori MURAI).
- 首塚には、後に怨霊となる恐れがある単独の者(敵武将など)のものや、雑兵であっても多数の戦死者が出た場合(関ヶ原の戦いなど大きな戦い)のものなどがあり、今なお、全国各地に多数存在する。
- There are Kubizuka enshrining a single person (like an enemy samurai commander) who was feared to become Onryo (a vengeful ghost) later, and also there are Kubizuka enshrining many solders killed in one battle (in a huge battle like the Battle of Sekigahara) together even though they were zohyo (common soldiers); a great number of both types of Kubizuka still exist throughout Japan.
- 内閣職権において内閣総理大臣は内閣の統率者(首班)としており総理大臣に強い権限が与えられたのに対し内閣官制では内閣総理大臣は他の国務大臣と同等なものとなり総理大臣の権限は弱められた。
- While Naikaku-shokken gave a strong power to the Prime Minister as a leader (shuhan (the head)) of the cabinet, the Cabinet Organization Order conformed the Prime Minister to Ministers of State, making the power of the Prime Minister weaken.
- 律令制の導入により社会構造が変化し、豪族らが単なる共同体の首長から私的所有地を持つ領主的な性格を持つようになるに伴い、共同体による祭祀に支えられた従来の神祇信仰は行き詰まりを見せた。
- As the social structure changed by introducing the system of the ritsuryo legal codes, local ruling families, who were simply the head of a community, became like feudal-lords with private property, and the conventional Jingi belief supported the religious service by a community was in a deadlock.
- 平安時代(へいあんじだい、794年-1185年頃)とは、794年に桓武天皇が平安京(京都)に都(首都)を移してから、鎌倉幕府の成立までの約390年間を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
- The Heian period denotes a period of Japanese history spanning roughly 390 years, from 794 when Emperor Kanmu moved the capital to Heian Kyo (ancient Kyoto) to the establishment of the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in 1185.
- 有村らは勝鬨をあげ、刀の切先に直弼の首級を突きたてて引き上げにかかったが、昏倒していた小河原秀之丞が鬨の声を聞いて蘇生し、主君の首を奪い返そうと有村に追いすがって後頭部に切りつけた。
- As ARIMURA and the others celebrated their victory and headed back with the head of Naosuke at the tip of a sword; Hidenojo OGAWARA, who had been lying unconscious on the ground, regained consciousness by a shout of victory and, in an effort to take back his master's head, went after ARIMURA, striking him in the back of the head with a sword.
- 安帝紀に「倭国王帥升等」とあるように、倭国王は地域の小国家ではなく、いくつかの地域国家連合の首長としての「倭国の王」と考えることができ、これは倭国の成立を示すものではないかとされる。
- As it is written 'the King of Wa Suishora' in the Record of Emperor An, it is possible to think that the King of Wa was not a toparchy of the region, but was a 'King of Wa' as a chief of several regional nations, and this is thought to be the establishment of Wakoku (country of Wa).
- 確かに徳川氏の記録が伝えるように、後北条氏時代の江戸城は最重要な支城とまではみなされず城は15世紀の粗末なつくりのまま残されていたが、関八州の首府となりうる基礎はすでに存在していた。
- As the records of the Tokugawa clan reveal, the Edo Castle was not regarded as a vital branch-castle in the time of the Gohojo clan and its modest structure that was constructed in the 15th century remained; However, it should be noted that the foundations that would enable Edo to develop into the capital of eight provinces had already been laid.
- 西園寺は陸軍の仕業であることに気づき、興津より上京して首相田中義一を呼びつけ、政府としてこの問題をしっかり調べ、もし犯人が日本人であるならば厳罰に処す必要があることを申し渡している。
- Saionji suspected that the Army had a hand in the incident, and went to the capital from Okitsu, summoned Prime Minister Giichi TANAKA, and advised him that the government must thoroughly investigate this affair, and if the guilty party was Japanese, a harsh punishment should be exacted.
- 以上のことから、事件の真の首謀者は他ならぬ称徳天皇自身であったとし、指名者が非皇族の道鏡であったという問題点を克服するために宇佐八幡宮の神託を利用したのが事件の本質であったとしている。
- From the above, HOSOI makes a point that the true ringleader of this incident was none other than Empress Shotoku herself, and the true nature of this incident was that the empress used the oracle from the Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine to overcome the problem that the person whom she wanted to appoint as her successor was Dokyo who was from a non Imperial family.
- 都城とは広義には城壁で囲まれた都市全般を指すが(→城郭都市)、狭義には「条坊制」に則って設計・建設された首都あるいは副都(陪都)で、「羅城」と呼ばれる城壁で市域を囲郭されたものをいう。
- In a broad sense, Tojo refers to city at large surrounded by walls (walled city) and, in a more limited sense, it refers to a capital or secondary capital city (Baito) designed and constructed in conformity with 'jobosei' (street plan of ancient capital) whose city area was surrounded by walls called 'Rajo'.
- 天保の改革を主導した老中首座水野忠邦は、アヘン戦争で清国がイギリスに敗れ、また日本近海にも外国船がしばしば出没する状況にてらし、将来、日本にも外国が攻めてくることもありうるとみていた。
- Roju shuza (the head of Roju, senior councilors of the Tokugawa shogunate) Tadakuni MIZUNO, who led Tempo Reforms, believed that foreigners might attack Japan in the future, considering the defeat of Qing in the Opium War and the situation in those days in which foreign ships were frequently witnessed in the sea around Japan.
- 治承元年(1177年)の鹿ケ谷事件により後白河天皇と平清盛の関係は危機的状況となったが、この時は清盛も首謀者の藤原成親・西光の処刑と参加者の配流にとどめ、法皇自身の責任は問わなかった。
- The relation between Emperor Goshirakawa and TAIRA no Kiyomori came into crisis due to the Shikagatani Incident in 1177, but Kiyomori limited the scale of the incident to the execution of FUJIWARA no Narichika and Saiko, who were the heads conspirators, and the exile of participants, and did not put the blame on the emperor at this time.
- 老中首座の阿部正弘(備後福山藩主)は、海防参与徳川斉昭(水戸藩主)らや、松平慶永(越前藩主、のち春嶽)・島津斉彬(薩摩藩主)ら親藩・外様大名をはじめ、庶民にいたるまで対応意見を求めた。
- Masahiro ABE, the head of roju (member of shogun's council of elders) (the lord of Bingofukuyama domain), asked a broad range of people, including a coastal defense officer Nariakira TOKUGAWA (the lord of Mito domain), Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA (the lord of Echizen domain), Nariakira SHIMIZU (the lord of Satsuma domain), and other various kinds of lords across the country, as well as ordinary people, about how they should respond to the situation.
- 以後、元老・山縣有朋に支えられた桂と元老・伊藤博文に支えられた西園寺が交互に首班となって組閣したことから、の日露戦争後から、の大正二年の政変までの時期を桂園時代(けいえんじだい)と呼ぶ。
- Thereafter, the time from the end of Russo-Japanese war and the coup in 1913 was called 'Kei-En era' (Katsura-Saionji era): Katsura, supported by Aritomo YAMAGATA, a Genro and Saionji, supported by Hirobumi ITO, another Genro, took turns becoming a Prime Minister and forming his cabinet.
- 事件後、約14000名が処罰され、首謀者とされた田代栄助・加藤織平・新井周三郎・高岸善吉・坂本宗作・菊池貫平・井上伝蔵の7名には死刑判決が下された(ただし、井上・菊池は欠席裁判での判決。
- After the incident about 14000 people were punished and seven people who regarded as leaders including Eisuke TASHIRO, Orihei KATO, Shuzaburo ARAI, Zenkichi TAKAGISHI, Sosaku SAKAMOT, Kanpei KIKUCHI and Denzo INOUE were sentenced to death (however, Inoue and Kikuchi were tried in their absence.
- 1914年(大正3年)4月、第1次山本内閣総辞職、清浦奎吾流産を受け、窮した元老は再び大隈重信を首班指名して大命を降下させ、特に昭和戦後に非常に悪名高くなった第2次大隈内閣を成立させた。
- In April, 1914, due to the mass resignation of the first Yamamoto cabinet and the abortive attempt to form the Keigo KIYOURA government, the Genro (elder statesmen) had no alternative but to nominate Shigenobu OKUMA as the shuhan again and order him to be imperial commander letting down the imperial command and made him establish the second OKUMA Government, which resulted in infamous one especially after the Showa War.
- 一方、鹿児島では、2月9日に県庁に自首してきた野村綱から、「大久保から鹿児島県内の偵察を依頼されてきた」という内容の自供を得て、西郷暗殺計画には大久保利通も関与していたと考えるに至った。
- On February 9, in Kagoshima, Tsuna NOMURA surrendered to the prefectural office and confessed that he was sent by OKUBO on reconnaissance in Kagoshima Prefecture; accordingly, it was concluded that Toshimichi OKUBO was engaged in the plan of assassinating SAIGO.
- しかし、義仲と後白河院の関係が悪化すると院方に付き、同年11月の法住寺合戦では多田源氏の多田行綱らと共に院方の主力として御所の防衛に当たるが、激闘の末に子の光経共々討ち取られ梟首された。
- Mitsunaga, however, sided with the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa when Yoshinaka became antagonistic to Goshirakawa, and stood up together with Yukitsuna TADA of the Tada-Genji to defend the Imperial Palace as main forces of the Retired Emperor's army at the time of the Battle of Hoju-ji Temple in November 1183, but he was killed in action together with his son Mitsutsune after the fierce fight, with his severed head exposed to the public.
- その後、永禄3年(1560年)、出仕停止を受けていたのにも関わらず、信長に無断で桶狭間の戦いに参加して朝の合戦で首一つ、本戦で二つの計三つの首を挙げる功を立てるも、帰参は許されなかった。
- Later in 1560, while Toshiie had been sentenced to prohibition of serving, he took part in the Battle of Okehazama without Nobunaga's permission, and he made achievements of killing enemies and severing three heads in total, one in the morning battle and two in the final battle, but he was not allowed to return to the service for Nobunaga.
- 第一生命保険のサラリーマン川柳、住友生命保険の創作四字熟語、自由国民社の新語・流行語大賞、東洋大学の現代学生百人一首と並んで、現代の日本の世相を反映する一つの指標として使われることが多い。
- It is often accepted as an indicator representing the social conditions of present day Japan together with the Salaryman Senryu (the salary man senryu poetry contest) hosted by the Dai-ichi Mutual Life Insurance Company, the Sosaku Yojijukugo (Creation of a four-character compound) announced by Sumitomo Life Insurance Company, the Shingo ryukogo taisho (the grand prize for the new word of the year, and the grand prize for the best vogue word of the year) presented by Jiyu Kokuminsha, and the Gendai gakusei hyakunin isshu (One hundred poems of modern students) collected by Toyo University.
- 『日本書紀』ではこの都城のことは、首都が「新益京(あらましのみやこ、あらましきょう、しんやくのみやこ、しんやくきょう)」(持統天皇六年正月十二日条)、皇居が「藤原宮」と呼びわけられている。
- In the article in February 7, 692 in 'Nihonshoki,' this capital was recorded as 'Aramashi no miyako, Aramashi-kyo, Shinyaku no miyako, or Shinyaku-kyo,' and the Imperial Palace was recorded as 'Fujiwara Palace.'
- 「天壌無窮ノ宏謨(てんじょうむきゅうのこうぼ)」(御告文)という皇祖皇宗の意思を受け、天皇が継承した「国家統治ノ大権」(上諭)に基づき、天皇を国の元首、統治権の総攬者としての地位に置いた。
- The emperor inherited 'prerogative of sovereignty' following Imperial ancestors' will represented by the sentence, 'Promises which lasted forever like heaven and earth' in the Imperial instruction, and he acquired a status of a head of state and became a person who held all rights of sovereignty.
- 四国の者たちは淡路島へ逃れ、この地の源義嗣、源義久兄弟(源為義の子)を大将に城を構えて対抗しようとしたが、教経はこれを攻め潰して、義嗣を討ち取り、義久を生け捕り、叛いた130余人を斬首した。
- People from the Shikoku region escaped to Awaji-shima Island and tried to confront the Taira family by occupying a castle under the command of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsugu and MINAMOTO no Yoshihisa, who were sons of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, but Noritsune attacked and defeated them, slaying Yoshitsugu, capturing Yoshihisa alive, and beheading over 130 persons who had betrayed the Taira family.
- また元服直後に参戦した稲生の戦いでは、合戦中に右目の下に矢を受け、味方が引く事を促すも、「まだ一つも首級を挙げてない」と顔に矢が刺さったまま敵陣に飛び込み、弓を射た本人を討ち取る功を立てた。
- And in the Battle of Inou which Toshiie took part in immediately after he had his coming of age celebrated, because he was shot under the right eye with an arrow, the men on his side urged him to withdraw, but after he said, 'I have not gained even one severed head,' he dashed into the enemy forces with the arrow stuck into his face, and made a great achievement of killing the very man who shot him with a bow.
- なお、同年11月27日に伊藤が乗っていた人力車が馬車と衝突して大破し、転落した伊藤が重傷を負ったために井上馨内務大臣 (日本)が臨時首相代理を翌年2月7日まで務めるという交通事故が起きている。
- On November 27 of the same year, there was an traffic accident that the jinrikisha (a taxi-like vehicle pulled by a man) carrying ITO crashed a horse-drawn buggy and wrecked, and ITO fell off and badly injured, so the Minister of Home Affairs, Kaoru INOUE (Japan) served as the acting temporary prime minister until February 7 of the next year.
- しかし、郡司・百姓層の要求が多分に自利的であることに藤原道長を首班とする太政官も次第に気付き始め、1110年代後期~1120年代にかけて国司解任に至る事例は約5割から約2割へと激減していった。
- However Daijokan headed by FUJIWARA no Michinaga became aware that some claims of Gunji and farmers are rather selfish and thus claims that won dismissal of the Kokushu dramatically dropped from about 50% to 20% during the period between the latter half of the 1110's and the 1120's.
- 県(アガタ)と県(コホリ)との違いは、前者が在地首長の支配力に依存し、間接的に地方を把握するものであったのに対し、後者は直接的に地方の把握・支配の体系を作り出そうとしていたところにあるだろう。
- The difference between agata and kohori may be that the former depends on the control of a local head and managed indirectly, whereas the latter was part of an organization that attempted direct management and control.
- 征韓論(せいかんろん)は、日本の明治初期において、当時留守政府の首脳であった西郷隆盛、板垣退助・江藤新平・後藤象二郎・副島種臣らによってなされた、武力をもって朝鮮を開国しようとする主張である。
- Seikanron is the insistence of the members of the 'Rusu-seifu' on making Korea open to the world by military power (Rusu-seifu means the government while heads of government are away: the heads of Rusu-seifu were Takamori SAIGO, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shinpei ETO, Shojiro GOTO, and Taneomi SOEJIMA).
- ワカタケル王に比定される倭王武が中国へ送った上表文にはヤマト王権が各地を征服していった様が記述されているが、考古史料からは倭国内部に独自性を持った首長層が多数存在していたことが示唆されている。
- A description in the Johyobun (Memorial to the Emperor), sent to China by Waobu, a figure identified as the King Wakatakeru, shows that the Yamato Kingdom appeared to conquer various regions, although some historical materials suggest that many chiefs maintained their autonomy.
- 律令制下における国司による地方統治は、民衆に対して古来の首長権の権威をもって望む郡司層との協力関係に依存するものであったが、しだいにこの権威は平安時代初期の律令制のほころびとともに低下していく。
- The local governance by Kokushi under the ritsuryo system relied on a cooperative relationship with the class of Gunji, who ruled with the authority of ancient chieftainship over people, but this authority declined gradually along with fraying of the ritsuryo system in the early Heian period.
- だが、国防方針の最終決定から首相を排除したことは、逆に政府から国防方針の実行を迫る保証が取れなくなってしまう事を意味し、実際に2個師団増設問題を財政問題を理由に拒絶されるなどの問題点も浮上した。
- To exclude the prime minister from the final decisions on the policy for national defense meant that the implementation of the policy could not be guaranteed by the government and, in fact, adding two more divisions was rejected due to the financial problem.
- 次々と院近臣の逮捕・所領の没収が始まり、院に伺候していた検非違使・大江康業は自邸に火を放ち自害、白河殿倉預の藤原兼盛は手首を切られ、備後前司・為行、上総前司・為保は殺害されて海へ突き落とされた。
- The dismissal of close vassals of the cloistered emperor, the arrest and confiscation of estates started, and close vassals of cloistered emperor, Yasunari OE, who had the title of Kebiishi, lit his own palace on fire and committed suicide, FUJIWARA no Kanemori, who was the Shirakawa-dono kuraazukari, had his wrists cut off, and Tameyuki, who was the former governor of Bingo Province, and Tameyasu, who was the former governor of Kazusa Province, were assassinated and pushed into the ocean.
- しかし、建武元年(1334年)3月9日に北条家の残党らによる鎌倉侵攻事件などがあったことから北条一族の徹底的な殲滅が強められることになり、9月9日に北条時治らと共に京都阿弥陀峰で斬首に処された。
- However, the remnants of the Hojo family caused Kamakura Invasion Incident on April 21, 1334, therefore exterminating the Hojo family was conducted more severely, and Takanao was killed by decapitation at Kyoto Amidaga-mime Peak together with Tokiharu HOJO and others on October 15.
- 定秀は定頼の家臣として享禄3年(1530年)の京都出陣や享禄4年(1531年)の浅井亮政との戦いなどでは29の首級を挙げるなど(蓑浦の戦い)、定頼の主要な合戦の大半に参加し、大いに武功を挙げた。
- Sadahide participated in most of Sadayori's major battles such as the departure for Kyoto in 1530, and beheaded 29 enemy generals in the war against Sukemasa AZAI in 1531 (the Battle of Minoura) as a vassal of Sadayori, and distinguished himself in those wars.
- 『続日本紀』和銅元年正月(708年) の詔に「亡命山澤。挾藏禁書。百日不首。復罪如初。」とありこの時期にはヤマト王権の「正規のイデオロギー(日本書紀)」と相反する書物が残っていたことを示している。
- The imperial decree on New year's day in 708 of 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) contains the description 'A man who run away to the countryside with the banned book will be panished as notified at first if he does not turn himself in' which shows that documents inconsistent with 'the legitimate ideology (Nihonshoki)' of Yamato kingship remained during this period.
- 一方で、法皇は義家の対抗馬を用意し、弟の源義綱を積極的に起用し、同7年(1093年)に出羽国で平師妙・平師季が叛乱を起こすと起用して鎮圧させ、義綱は師妙・師季の首を掲げ堂々行列して京都へ凱旋した。
- On the other hand, the Cloistered Emperor created a rival to Yoshiie by making active use of his brother, MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna, to crush the insurrection led by TAIRA no Morotae and TAIRA no Morosue in Dewa Province in 1093; the outcome of this saw Yoshitsuna return to Kyoto in triumph, proudly parading the severed heads of Morotae and Morosue.
- 例えば将来的に東京からの首都移転が行われた場合、東京の改称が行われた場合などに、それ以前と以後を区別する必要性から、明治以後の歴史の一括表現としてこの言葉が用いられる可能性があると考えられている。
- For example, if the capital is relocated from Tokyo or if Tokyo is renamed, the term 'Tokyo period' may be used for collectively referring to the period since the Meiji era in order to distinguish the times before and after such relocation or rename.
- その後、1937年(昭和12年)に宇垣一成(予備役陸軍大将)に対して天皇から首相候補に指名されて組閣命令が下った際、陸軍から陸軍大臣の候補者が得られずに組閣を断念せざるを得ない状態へ追い込まれた。
- Afterwards, when Kazushige UGAKI (Yobieki Army General) was named by the Emperor to be a candidate for Prime Minister, he could not obtain a candidate for the Minister of War from within the Army and driven into a situation in which he had to give up forming the Cabinet in 1937.
- また摂家筆頭という血筋や、貴公子然とした端正な風貌(当時の日本人にあっては長身であった)に加えて、対英米協調外交に反対する現状打破主義的主張で、大衆的な人気も獲得し、早くから首相待望論が聞かれた。
- Furthermore, in addition to his noble and handsome appearance (he was quite tall for a Japanese of the time) and the fact that he was from the top-ranking Sekke family, he advocated overturning the diplomatic status quo and was popular with the public and was soon being mentioned as a Prime Minister-in-waiting.
- 備中兵乱後、一定の功績が毛利氏より認められて備中成羽(鶴首)城主の地位は安堵されたが、備中松山・三村本家の叛乱を諫止できなかった咎を問われ、所領は原封の半分以下といわれる約8千石にまで減封された。
- After the Disturbance of Bicchu, the Mori clan recognized his achievements in some extent and allowed him to remain in the position of lord of Nariwa-jo Castle (Kakushu-jo Castle), but decreased his territory to about 8,000 koku, which was less than half of his original territory, for his failure to prevent the rebellion of the Mimura head family.
- 一方で、現役の貴族院議員の首相は伊藤博文を始め、松方正義、大隈重信、桂太郎、西園寺公望、高橋是清、清浦奎吾、加藤高明、若槻禮次郎、近衛文麿、東久邇宮稔彦王、幣原喜重郎、吉田茂などかなりの数に上った。
- On the other hand, serving Kizokuin councilors who became the Prime Ministers were Hirobumi ITO, Masayoshi MATSUKATA, Shigenobu OKUMA, Taro KATSURA, Kinmochi SAIONJI, Kirekiyo TAKAHASHI, Keigo KIYOURA, Takaaki KATO, Reijiro WAKATSUKI, Fumimaro KONOE, Prince Higashikuninomiya Naruhiko, Kijuro SHIDEHARA, Shigeru YOSHIDA and more.
- 現在では共和国元首という意味で「大統領」と訳されるが、当時にあっては読者にそういう知識は無かったので新造語をあてても、正確に読者に伝わらないと考えられ、そのまま言語の音を漢字に置き換えたものである。
- Today, it is translated as '大統領' to mean a head of republic, but, at that time, since readers had no knowledge of that kind, it was considered that, even if they used a newly created word, readers could not understand correctly and it was determined to express pronunciation of the work in Chinese characters.
- なお、前方後円墳の出現は、ヤマト王権の成立を表すと考えられており、前方後円墳に宮山型の特殊器台・特殊壺が採用されていることは、吉備地方の首長がヤマト王権の成立に深く参画したことの現れだとされている。
- The appearance of large keyhole-shaped tomb mound is thought to be representing the establishment of Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) and adopting Miyayama type of ceremonial vessel stand and ceremonial jar in large keyhole-shaped tomb mound showed that a chief of Kibi region deeply involved in the establishment of Yamato sovereignty.
- 秦漢の首都はいまだ詳細茫漠たるものであるが、確認できる都城址としては三国時代 (中国)に入ってから魏 (三国)が都したギョウ、その後の西晋朝洛陽では条坊制に則した都城が成立していたものと思われている。
- Ye, the capital of Wei dynasty during the Three States Period (China) has been confirmed as tojo, and later Luoyang, the capital of Western Jin Dynasty, seems to have been built according to jobosei, while the details of capitals of Qin and Han remain vague.
- だが、大規模な軍事衝突にも関わらず、参加諸大名の士気は低く、かと言って勝利の際の利益配分を期待しなかったわけではないため、結果的に首都で延々と11年間も決着が付かない軍事衝突を断続的に行う事になった。
- Yet despite the enormous size of the armies involved, morale among the various participating daimyo was low; this wasn't to say that they weren't hoping to be rewarded if their side was victorious, but as a result of this situation, inconclusive and intermittent fighting ravaged the capital for the next eleven years.
- 更にこの時の火災で打撃を受けた東大寺盧舎那仏像そのものも後日首が落下してしまい、修理費用も無くそのまま放置され、大仏と大仏殿の両方の再建が行われたのは、120年以上も後の貞享・元禄年間のことであった。
- Furthermore, the head of Rushanabutsu (the great statue of Buddha) damaged during this fire fell off on a later day, and was left as it was with no budget for repair; it was not until the Jokyo to Genroku years, more than 120 years afterwards, that both the statue itself and its hall were reconstructed.
- 埴輪の起源は、弥生時代後期後葉の吉備地方の首長のお墓であると考えられている弥生墳丘墓(例えば、楯築遺跡)から出土する特殊器台・特殊壺(特殊器台型土器・特殊壺型土器とも呼称される)であるといわれている。
- The origin of the Haniwa is thought to be Tokushu-Kidai (ceremonial vessel stand) and Tokushu Tsubo (ceremonial jar) (they are also called Tokushu-Kidaigata Doki and Tokushu Tsubo Gata Doki respectively) unearthed from Yayoi grave mound (Tatetsuki Tumulus for example), which was likely to be the grave of a chief of Kibi region in the latter part of the late Yayoi Period.
- そこで道長は自らの孫が天皇に即位して外祖父となるまでは摂政・関白には就かず、太政官の事実上の首席である左大臣(一上)と関白に近い権限を持つ内覧を兼任することによって最高権力を行使しようとしたのである。
- Therefore, Michinaga did not assume the position of Regent or Kanpaku until his own grandson became the Emperor so that he was the Emperor's grandfather on the Emperor's mother's side, and he tried to exert his highest power of authority by holding a joint appointment as Sadaijin (Ichinokami), effectively the chief figure in Dajokan, and as Nairan, which had the authority close to that of Kampaku.
- 葛山が、最後まで頑強に抗議したための憤死とも、反発への見せしめのために3人の軽輩者の内、年長者で従順な島田や、尾関ではなく、血の気の多く首脳陣に怖じない葛山に責任を負わせて手打ちにしたともいわれている。
- According to one theory, Kazurayama made a strong protest against the conciliation so tenaciously that he finally died of indignation, but according to the other theory, in order to show an example to the revolt, the leaders of the force, who did not pick up Shimada nor Ozeki because both of whom were younger and obedient to their seniors, deliberately chose Kazurayama, who was hot-blooded and fearless even in front of the leaders, to silence him and close the case, putting all the responsibility upon him.
- そして、同年8月2日 (旧暦)(9月5日)には三条河原において、秀次の家族及び女人らも処刑されることになり、秀次の首が据えられた塚の前で、遺児(4男1女)及び正室・側室・侍女ら併せて39名が処刑された。
- On September 5, 1595, the family of Hidetsugu including the women were executed at Sanjogawara; a total of 39 people including the bereaved children (four boys and one girl), a lawful wife, concubines, and waiting women were executed in front of the tumulus where the head of Hidetsugu was laid.
- この事件と同時期の1884年、イギリスでジョン・リーという死刑囚は、絞首台の落とし戸が3度も開かず停止されたという(原因は、落とし戸が湿気のために膨張し、重量がかかると戸が開かなくなったためとされている)。
- In 1884, around the same time of the incident, there was a condemned called John Lee in England and the execution was discontinued because the falling door didn't open despite three times of attempt (It is said to have been caused by swollenness of the door due to moisture, which was stuck and didn't open when someone stood on it).
- 第十二条 東京都の区域により行う都市計画事業については、東京都が国の首都であることにかんがみて必要と認めるときは、建設省、運輸省その他その事業の内容である事項を主管する行政官庁がこれを執行することができる。
- Article 12: Concerning the city planning activities enforced depending on the area of Tokyo Metropolis, related administrative ministries such as the Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Transport and others can execute those activities, if they are recognized to be necessary, based on Tokyo being considered to be the Capital of Japan.
- 阿部死後、老中首座となった堀田正睦は、ハリスの圧力や第二次アヘン戦争における清の敗北などの情勢から通商条約締結は不可避と考え、孝明天皇の勅許を求めるべく、京都において関白九条尚忠を通じて工作をおこなわせた。
- After the death of Abe, Masayoshi HOTTA, who assumed the position of the head of roju, thought the conclusion of the treaty would be inevitable due to pressure from Harris and the surrounding situation in which the Qing dynasty was defeated in the second Opium war, and started work in Kyoto, through Naohisa KUJO, Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), to get imperial permission from the Emperor Komei.
- 高輪談判(たかなわだんぱん)とは、明治2年7月12日(1869年8月19日)に、東京高輪において開催された明治政府首脳とイギリス・フランス・アメリカ合衆国・イタリア・北ドイツ連邦の5ヶ国の駐日公使による会談。
- The Takanawa negotiation was a conference held by the the head of the Meiji Government and the ambassadors of England, France, United States of America, Italy, and Germany, in Takanawa, Tokyo Prefecture on August 19, 1869.
- 10月5日に東京の品川湾から出航した大日本帝国海軍の「比叡 (コルベット)」「金剛 (コルベット)」2隻により、生存者たちは翌1891年(明治24年)1月2日にオスマン帝国の首都イスタンブルに送り届けられた。
- The survivors were sent back by two corvettes of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 'Hiei' and 'Konogo,' which had departed from Shinagawa Bay in Tokyo on October 5, arriving in Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, on January 2 of the next year, 1891.
- ところが、水野をはじめとした幕府首脳は幕府権力の保護を受けた株仲間の弱体化や、商取引の制度的基礎になっていたという現実を理解出来なかったために、株仲間を解散させれば、全国的な流通網を動かせると考えたのである。
- However, Mizuno and other heads of the bakufu could not understand the fact that kabunakama got weak due to the protection by the power of bakufu and kabunakama was the institutional basic of trading and thought that they could control the national distribution network if kabunakama were dissolved.
- 現在の東京の幹線道路網の大きな部分は新平に負っていると言ってよく、特に下町地区では帝都復興事業以降に新たに街路の新設が行われておらず、帝都復興の遺産が現在でも首都を支えるインフラとしてそのまま利用されている。
- It is possible to say that the road network of Tokyo today was mostly produced by him, especially those roads in Shitamachi district, (or traditional working-class area in Tokyo), where any new streets were constructed newly since his urban revival project of the imperial capital, therefore, the legacy of the reconstruction project is still used today as the essential infrastructure that supports the capital.
- ところが、大久保忠教は旗奉行の不首尾は古参譜代衆を差し置いて新参者に旗奉行のような要職を任せた家康の失態であり、高齢の家康には汚名返上の機会はないと思い、旗は倒れなかったと主張して聞かなかったという逸話がある。
- An anecdote is told about this, however, that Tadataka OKUBO strongly insisted that the flag was never fallen, because he worried that if it was revealed that the failure of Hata bugyo was attributable to failure of Ieyasu who left such an important post as Hata bugyo to newcomers by neglecting senior fudaishu (hereditary daimyo), no opportunity would be left for old-age Ieyasu to clear such dishonor.
- 陸奥はかつて立志社の獄の首謀者とされた事から明治天皇の信任が薄かったとされている(第1次山縣内閣の農商務大臣就任には、明治天皇は同意こそしたものの不快感を示している)が、伊藤はその能力を高く買っていたのである。
- Mutsu is said to have been felt less confident by the Emperor Meiji because he had once been considered a ringleader of the Risshisha no goku (Imprisonment of the Risshisha [Self-reliance Association]) (the Emperor Meiji agreed about his assumption of a Minister of Agriculture and Commerce in the First Yamagata cabinet but showed annoyance.), however, Ito highly appreciated his ability.
- もし、成功しなかった場合はその集団の敗北とされ、代表者は神を欺いた罰として引廻・斬首などになり、極端な場合には五体引き裂かれた上に引き裂かれたままの遺骸を埋めた塚を複数個設置してその線上を境界線とした例もあった。
- If a representative failed, his group was deemed to lose the dispute and he was dragged around the city or decapitated as punishment for trying to deceive God, or in extreme cases, he was torn apart into five pieces (hands, legs and head) and several mounds under which the torn pieces of mortal remains were buried were built in a line and defined as boundaries.
- それは、臣と称する豪族は、蘇我氏・吉備氏など、一般に地名をウジの名とし、それぞれの地域を基盤とする首長であったのに対して、連と称した豪族は、大伴氏・物部氏など、トモとしての職掌を名にもつ伴造のウジとしたのである。
- Compared to the powerful clans who called themselves Omi, who generally used place names for their uji names, such as the Soga clan and Kibi clan and were chiefs who used their area as a base, those who called themselves Muraji had the uji name after the Tomonomiyatsuko who had the names of their official duties as a Tomo, such as the Otomo clan and Mononobe clan.
- 死に臨んで定子が書き残した遺詠「夜もすがら契りし事を忘れずは こひむ涙の色ぞゆかしき」は、『後拾遺和歌集』に哀傷巻頭歌として収められ、また、鎌倉時代初めに編まれた小倉百人一首の原撰本「百人秀歌」にも採られている。
- The poem she left on her death bed, 'Yomosugara Chigirishi Koto o Wasurezuba Koin Namida no Irozo Yukashiki (Please do not forget our all-night bonding/I wonder what color tears you will shed after my death) ' was included as an elegy in 'Goshui Wakashu' and used in OGURA Hyakunin Isshu's original anthology, 'Hyakunin Shuka.'
- 一級史料と評される信長公記には天正2年(1574年)の正月の宴席において箔濃(はくだみ、漆塗りに金粉を施すこと)にした義景、久政・長政父子の三ツ首を御肴として白木の台に据え置き、皆で謡い遊び酒宴を楽しんだとある。
- In Shinchoko-ki (the biography of Nobunaga ODA), evaluated as a first class historical source, there is a description that they put the three heads of Yoshikage, Nagamasa and Hisamasa covered with hakudami (gold dust on a lacquered surface) on a platform made of plain wood as decorations and sang and played to enjoy the New Year feast in 1574.
- 次の応仁2年(1468年)については御暦奏の記録はなく、かつ章首の朔旦冬至が実施された最後のもの(朔旦冬至に御暦奏を行う意義の消滅)であったことから、その前年に発生した応仁の乱の影響で廃絶したものと考えられている。
- Since no record existed of the goryakuso in 1468 and the last sakutan toji was carried out at Shoshu (the merit of carrying out goryakuso at the sakutan toji disappeared), it is thought that goryakuso was abolished due to the Onin War that broke out the previous year.
- 「承知」と叫ぶや義平は鎌田政清、後藤実基、佐々木秀義、三浦義澄、首藤俊通、斎藤実盛、猪俣党、猪俣党、熊谷直実、波多野延景、平山季重、金子家忠、足立遠元、上総広常、関時員、片切景重の坂東武者17騎を率いて駈け出した。
- Yoshihira shouted with 'Certainly,' and immediately rushed with 17 bando musha including Masakiyo KAMATA, Sanemoto GOTO, Hideyoshi SASAKI, Yoshizumi MIURA, Toshimichi SUDO, Sanemori SAITO, Inomata Party, Naozane KUMAGAI, Nobukage HATANO, Sueshige HIRAYAMA, Ietada KANEKO, Tomoto ADACHI, Hirotsune KAZUSA, Tokikazu SEKI and Kageshige KATAGIRI.
- 続いて前総理・松方正義と進歩党 (日本)党首の大隈重信の入閣を計画するが、これに大隈にライバル意識を抱く板垣と超然主義を固守する山縣が反発、これを見た伊藤はこれ以上の政権維持は困難であるとみて辞表を提出したのである。
- Subsequently, ITO schemed to take the previous prime minister Masayoshi MATSUKATA and the leader of the Progressive Party (Japan), Shigenobu OKUMA into the Cabinet, but ITAGAKII who had a strong rivalry against OKUMA and YAMAGATA who persisted in the doctrine of superiority rebelled against this, and as a result, ITO considered that it was difficult to keep administration anymore and submitted the letter of resignation.
- これを受けて大久保や西郷、土佐藩出身のの佐々木高行らは、薩摩・土佐両藩が自ら自首したこと、両藩は私利私欲のためではなく、維新実現のための軍備調達の必要からやむを得ず行ったことであるとして両藩への恩赦を求めたのである。
- In response to this, OKUBO and SAIGO, and Takayuki SASAKI from the Tosa Domain asked for pardon for both countries, as the Satsuma and Tosa Domains surrendered themselves, and as both domains unavoidably issued counterfeit money, not for self-interest, but because of the necessity for armament supplies to realize the restoration,
- 甲陽軍鑑には「その日の(事前にあった別の)戦いに勝ったと思った今川軍が略奪に散る中、織田軍が味方のように入り交じり、義元の首を取った」とあり、又別の史料で徳川家康が「今川軍が略奪し、油断していた」と証言したのも確認。
- Koyo Gunkan states that 'just when the Imagawa army thought they had won the battle (another previous battle) that day and went off for looting, the Oda army was mixed up in them and took Yoshimoto's head,' while another historical source confirms that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was quoted as saying 'the Imagawa army was looting, and caught off guard.'
- しかし、10月26日に安重根によって伊藤博文が暗殺されたことにより早期併合に反対する有力な政治家がいなくなったこと、および初代首相であり元老のひとりでもあった伊藤を暗殺されたことによって日本の世論が併合に傾いていった。
- However, the Japanese public opinion grew in favor of the annexation, because an influential statesmen objecting to the early annexation disappeared due to the assassination of Hirobumi ITO by An Jung-geun on October 26th, and ITO, who was the first prime minister and one of the elder statesmen, was assassinated.
- 天武天皇10年(681年)の帝紀・旧辞の記定事業に平群子首(こびと)が参画していること、持統天皇5年(691年)に「墓記(纂記)」上進を命じられた諸氏族に平群氏が含まれることは、同氏伝承の成立とも関わって留意されよう。
- We should note, related with the formation of the legend of the clan, that in 681 HEGURI no Kobito participated in the project of Teiki (the genealogy of the Imperial Family) and Kyuji (a record of stories current at court) and also included in the various clans asked to submit an 'epitaph' in 691.
- ところで、古今和歌集巻七の賀歌22首のうち18首は、特定の個人の具体的な祝い(ほとんどが算賀だが出生慶賀もある)に際して詠まれたものだが、最初の4首は読み人知らずで、作歌年代も古いと見られ、歌が作られた事情もわからない。
- In Volume seven of the Kokin-Wakashu, eighteen wakas out of twenty-two gaka were made on the occasion of concrete celebrations of specific individuals (most of them for longevity, but some were for celebrating birth.), the author is not known for the first four wakas and they seem to have been made in an older time and under a situation which is not known.
- こうした干渉に対し、首相伊藤博文は列国会議開催による処理を提案したが、外相陸奥宗光は会議によってさらなる干渉を招く恐れを主張し、イギリス、アメリカ合衆国、イタリアなど他の列強の協力で勧告を牽制し、撤回させようと目論んだ。
- In response to the coordinated interventions, then-Japanese prime minister, Hirofumi ITO, made a proposal to the congress to hold a conference with the world powers, but then-foreign minister, Munemitsu MUTSU, claimed it might cause further intervention and proposed instead to invite other world powers, such as the UK, the U.S.A. and Italy, to counter and revoke the recommendation.
- そこで近衛は対中撤兵による交渉に道を求めたが、これに反対する東条英機陸相は総辞職か国策要綱に基づく開戦を要求し、両者は東久邇宮稔彦王を次期首相に推すことで一致し、10月16日に内閣は投げ出され、10月18日に総辞職した。
- Konoe sought a path to a negotiation by withdrawing from China, but Minister of the Army Hideki TOJO, who opposed this, demanded either the resignation of all cabinet members or the start of war based on the national policy outline, so the two of them agreed on recommending Prince Higashikuninomiya Naruhiko as the next prime minister, and on October 16, the cabinet was dismantled, with the cabinet members resigning en masse on October 18.
- そもそも行基が生きていた時代の「行基図」が実際に存在するならば、日本の首都は大和国平城京(数年の例外はあっても)に存在したのであるから、大和国を中心とした地図であった筈であるがこうした地図は実際のところ見つかってはいない。
- If the 'Gyoki-zu' which was made when Gyoki was alive would exist in the first place, then the map should have been centered around Yamato Province because Japan's capital was located in Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara) in Yamato Province (except for several years), but such a map has not been actually found.
- これに対して吉田晶は、日本府の実体を半島の先進的な文物を入手するため設置された会議で、倭から派遣された卿、任那数ヶ国の君主を意味する旱岐層、大伽耶の大首長、安羅、多羅の次旱岐など現地の王や豪族、官人層により構成されたとした。
- In contrast, Akira YOSHIDA claimed that the true status of Mimana Nihon-fu was a committee established to gain access to the advanced culture of the Peninsula and consisted of Kyo (lords) dispatched from Wa, local kings, powerful families and government officials, including Han gie who was the monarch of the countries of Mimana, paramount chiefs of Dae Gaya, sub Han gie of Alla and Tara.
- ただし、地方自治法において、「都」制度が道府県制度と並び規定されているが、都制度の適用があるのは、現在の東京都を区域とする地方自治体に限定されるとは規定されず、また、いわゆる首都の所在地の自治体に適用されるという規定もない。
- However, in the Local Autonomy Law, 'Metropolis system' is stipulated along with the prefectural system, but it is not stipulated that application of the Metropolis system is limited only to Tokyo, and there is no regulation says the Metropolis system should be applied only to the municipality near the location of Tokyo.
- また『平家物語』によれば、成親が立ち上がって瓶子(へいじ)が倒れ、後白河が「あれはいかに」と問うと成親が「平氏(瓶子)たはれ候ぬ」と答え、俊寛がそれをどうするか尋ねると西光が「頸をとるにしかず」と瓶子の首を折り割ったという。
- According to the 'Heike Monogatari' (The Historic Romance of Taira Family), a sake bottle (called 'heiji', the same pronunciation as 'the Taira clan' in Japanese) fell over when Narichika stood up and when Goshirakawa asked, 'what was that?' Narichika answered, 'the sake bottle (heiji) fell over,' and when Shunkan asked what to do with it, Saiko said 'we must take its neck (kill)' and broke the neck of the bottle.
- 1279年(日本の弘安二年・元の至元十六年)、元は江南軍司令官である南宋の旧臣范文虎の進言により、使者が殺されたことを知らないまま周福を正使とする使者を再度送ったが、大宰府にて全員斬首に処される(総計、5名という説が有力)。
- In 1279, without knowing the execution of the envoys, the Yuan Dynasty sent envoys again with Shufuku as their chief, in accordance with a proposal by Wen-hu FAN, who was the chief commander of the Southern Yangtze Army and used to be a vassal of the Southern Sung Dynasty, but all the envoys were executed in Dazai-fu (five in total according to the most accepted theory).
- しかしゲオルギオスに竹の杖で背中を打たれ、ニコライに随伴していた人力車夫の向畑治三郎に両足を引き倒され、同じくゲオルギオス付き車夫の北賀市市太郎に自身の落としたサーベルで首を斬りつけられた後、警備中の巡査に取り押さえられた。
- But, Prince George struck TSUDA's back with his bamboo cane, and then a rickshaw driver in Nicholas's entourage, Jisaburo MUKOUHATA grabbed TSUDA's legs and pulled him to the ground, and furthermore, a rickshaw driver in George's entourage, Ichitaro KITAGAICHI picked up TSUDA's saber and injured TSUDA's neck with it, and finally TSUDA was arrested by a patrol officer.
- 美濃源氏土岐氏の棟梁であった父光長と共に在京し、検非違使、左衛門尉を務めたとされる(『尊卑分脈』)が、寿永2年(1184年)の法住寺合戦で父が後白河院方に加わったため光経もこれに従い、死闘の末に父と共に討ち取られ梟首された。
- It is recorded in 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' (a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy) that he resided in Kyoto together with his father Mitsunaga, who was the family head of the Toki clan of Mino-Genji (Minamoto clan), and assumed such titles as Kebiishi Saemon no Jo (third-ranked officer with judicial and police powers in the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards), and when his father sided with the army of the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa in the Battle of Hoju-ji Temple in 1184, he also accompanied his father and fought together in a fierce battle, but he and his father were killed in action and their heads were exposed to the public.
- 切腹の際に怒りのあまり臓物をなげつけたという説もあるが、医学的検証からそのようなことは不可能であること、腹に刀をいれたとたん介錯するという作法があることから、そういった逸話とともに創作された辞世の句か落首の類とも考えられる。
- There is a story that he was so enraged during seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) that he flung his entrails away; however, not only has this been proven impossible from a medical standpoint, but also due to the manner of Kaishaku (to assist someone in committing hara-kiri by beheading him), his head must have been cut off the moment the sword entered his abdomen, so the story is fictitious, and it is likely that the death haiku or rakushu (satire) was made up along with it.
- 老中首座阿部正弘は、6月6日(同年7月11日)に国書を受け取るぐらいは仕方ないだろうとの結論に至ったため、嘉永6年6月9日(1853年7月14日)にペリー一行の久里浜上陸を許し、浦賀奉行の戸田氏栄・井戸弘道がペリーと会見した。
- On June 6 (July 11 of 1853), Roju Shuza (Senior Councilor of the TOKUGAWA Shogunate) Masahiro ABE concluded that he had no alternative but to receive the letter himself and thus he permitted Perry's party to come ashore in Kurihama on June 9 (July 14, 1853), where The Uraga Bugyo, Ujiyoshi TODA and Hiromichi IDO presented themselves for an interview with Perry.
- 建武中元二年(57年)、博多湾沿岸に所在したと見られる倭奴国の首長が、後漢の光武帝から倭奴国王に冊封されて金印(倭奴国王印)の賜与を受けており(『後漢書』「」)、当時は北部九州の勢力が倭国内の中心勢力であったと考えられている。
- In 57, a chieftain of Wanonanokuni (small country in Hakata area of Fukuoka Prefecture), which is believed to have been located along the Hakata Bay, had suzerain-vassal relationship with the Emperor Kobu-tei (Emperor Guangwu) of the Latter Han Dynasty, who invested him with Wakoku by giving golden stamp (Wa no na no kokuo in [the oldest known seal in Japan]), ('History of the Latter Han Dynasty'), therefore, the center of Japanese political force is believed to have been located in the northern part of Kyushu at that time.
- 明治6年(1873年)2月には、前々年に台湾で起きた宮古島民殺害事件(→台湾出兵を参照)の処理交渉の特命全権公使として清の首都北京市へ派遣され、日清修好条規批准書の交換・同治帝成婚の賀を述べた国書の奉呈、および交渉にあたった。
- In February 1873, he was dispatched to the Qing Dynasty capital Beijing as the envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to handle the Mudan Incident (refer to the Taiwan Expedition) which occurred two years earlier in Taiwan, and was successful in negotiating for the ratification of the Japan-Qing Treaty of Friendship and passing on a sovereign message of congratulations to the Qing emperor.
- 一般的な操法として、右手に鎖、左手に鎌を持ち、敵の頭部・顔面・脛・小手の部分を狙って分銅を打ち付けたり、敵の武器を鎖で叩き落したり、敵の手首や足に鎖を絡めさせたりしながら、敵の動きを封じた後左手に持った鎌刃で斬りつけ止めを刺す。
- As a general art of handling, a person holds a chain in his right hand and kama in his left hand to take aim at the enemy's head, face, shank and forearm to hit with the weight, use the chain to knock off the enemy's weapon, entangle the chain with the enemy's wrist or leg while containing the movements of the enemy and then slashing the enemy with a blade of kama held in the left hand to kill him.
- これに対し、ほぼ同時期に行われた大隈重信の葬儀は、同じ首相経験者であり維新の元勲であったのにもかかわらず国葬にならなかったものの(「国民葬」とされた)、各界の著名人が出席し、一般参列者によってごった返すなどあまりに対照的だった。
- On the other hand, the funeral service of Shigenobu OKUMA, which was held around the same time, was attended by famous people from a variety of fields, and the venue was crowded with the general attendants although his was not a state funeral (it was a 'national funeral' instead), even though Okuma was also a former Prime Minister and a genkun of the Imperial Restoration just as Yamagata had been.
- この大赦論は、荒木貞夫が陸相時代に提唱していたもので、かれ独特の国体論に基づくものであったが、二・二六事件以降は皇道派将校の救済の意味も持つようになり、真崎甚三郎の救済にも熱心だった近衛は、首相就任前からこれに共感を示していた。
- This amnesty theory had been advocated by Sadao ARAKI, based on his own theory of national policy, when he was the Minister of the Army but after the February 26 Incident, it began to also imply saving the commissioned officers of the Kodoha faction, and because Konoe was eager to save Jinzaburo MAZAKI, he had shown signs of empathizing with this even before becoming Prime Minister.
- 他に70年代から80年代の主な説に、倭国からの単なる使者とした説(請田正幸)、伽耶地方の首長連合による対倭国外交機関とする説(奥田尚)、百済による伽耶地方統治のための機関で倭系百済官人・倭系傭兵がいたとする説(金鉉球)などがある。
- Other major theories in the 1970s and 80s regarded Mimana Nihon-fu as just an envoy from Wakoku (Masayuki UKEDA), or as a diplomatic institution for Wakoku established by the combination of chiefs of Gaya region (Hisashi OKUDA), or as a governing institution for Gaya region set up by Baekje, which employed Japanese officials and troops there (Kim Hyun-koo).
- しかも交渉は双方の首都から離れた倭館のある釜山で開かれ、相手側政府の状況は勿論、担当者が自国政府の状況も十分把握できない状況下で交渉が行われたために相互ともに相手側が「九月協定」の合意内容を破ったと非難を始めて、6月には決裂した。
- In addition, the negotiation was held in Busan distant from both capitals the Wakan located, and under the circumstances that the person in charge were unable to grasp the whole situation of their own government as well as other side's government, started blaming each other for violation of 'September Agreement' mutually, and then, it was broken off in June.
- 義家が2歳のときに用いた「源太が産衣」という鎧と、生け捕った敵千人の首を髭ごと切ったことから「髭切」と名付けられた刀は、河内源氏嫡子に伝えられる宝となり、後の平治の乱では源頼朝が用いたという逸話が鎌倉時代初期の『平治物語』にある。
- The armor which 2-year-old Yoshiie wore, 'Genta ga Ubuginu' (the baby clothes of Genta), and the katana (Japanese sword) called 'Hige kiri' (beard cutter) that was named for cutting off the bearded heads of a thousand prisoners, became treasures passed down to the Kawachi-Genji clan heir, and there is an anecdote in the 'Heiji Monogatari' (The Tale of Heiji) that Yoritomo MINAMOTO used it during the Heiji no ran (Heiji Rebellion).
- このときに討ち入り時の綱領「人々心覚」が定められ、その中で武器、装束、所持品、合言葉、吉良の首の処置など事細かに定め、さらに「吉良の首を取った者も庭の見張りの者も亡君の御奉公では同一。よって自分の役割に異議を唱えない」ことを定めた。
- The program called 'reminders for people' was then decided, which stated the details of weapons, clothes, one's belongings and signals at the time of the raid as well as how to treat Kira's head, and also described that 'the one who cut off Kira's head and guards in the yard will be considered to be equal in terms of serving our deceased lord; therefore, you must not question your roles.'
- 特に剣豪として江戸で名を馳せていた堀部武庸(馬廻役200石)、高田吉次の子孫であり槍の達人の高田郡兵衛(馬廻役200石)、堀部の剣の同門である奥田孫太夫 (武具奉行馬廻役150石)などが強硬に吉良上野介の首級をあげるべきと主張した。
- Especially Taketsune HORIBE (bodyguard, 200 koku), who was known to be a great swordsman in Edo, Yoshitsugu TAKATA's descendant Gunbe TAKATA, who was known for his spear skills (bodyguard, 200 koku), and Magodayu OKUDA (magistrate for arms and armor as well as a bodyguard, 150 koku), who came from the same sword school as Horibe, strongly suggested killing Kira Kozuke no Suke.
- 留守政府(るすせいふ)とは、明治初期において、明治政府首脳部で組織された岩倉使節団が欧米歴訪中にその留守を守るために組織された体制を指す(明治4年11月12日 (旧暦)(1871年12月23日)-明治6年(1873年)9月13日)。
- Rusu-seifu refers to the Establishment organized to protect the nation in early Meiji Period while Iwakura Mission, which consisted of leaders of the Meiji government, was visiting Europe and America (December 23, 1871 - September 13, 1873).
- 例えば、額から右眼にかけて致命的な傷痕があり、更に右手首を骨折していた人骨が見つかっているが、右手首の骨折は、攻撃から身を守る際につけられる、防御創と呼ばれる種類の傷としては一般的なもので、争いによる受傷者である可能性は極めて高い。
- For example, a human bone with fatal wound across the forehead to right eye and broken right wrist, which is a typical defensive wound that happens when defending from attack, was excavated, and it is very likely that the person was wounded by fighting.
- つづいて縁の無い折敷に土器(かわらけ)を2つかさねて、向こうにコンブ1きれを置いて、コンブを首の口によせ傍に置き、上の杯に2度酒をつがせ、飲ませる体にして傍にふせて置き、またコンブを口に寄せ、下の杯に酒を2度いれて飲ませる体にする。
- As matters progressed, two earthenware plates were placed on top of each other on an rimless tray; on the far side a laver of dried konbu (kelp) was placed, which was then placed toward the head's mouth; sake (rice wine) was poured twice into the upper earthenware plate which is then placed face down near the head as if to give a drink; in addition, sake was again poured twice into the lower earthenware plate and placed as if to give a drink after the kelp was again placed toward the mouth.
- その後、浅野の遺臣である大石良雄以下赤穂浪士47名(四十七士)が翌15年12月14日 (旧暦)(1703年1月30日)に吉良屋敷に討ち入り、主君に代わって吉良上野介を討ち果たし、その首を泉岳寺の主君の墓前に捧げたのち、幕命により切腹した。
- After that, 47 Ako Roshi (lordless samurai of Ako Domain), including Asano's surviving retainer Yoshio OISHI, made a raid upon Kira's residence to successfully kill Kira Kozuke no Suke as revenge for their lord on January 30, 1703, and presented his head to their lord's grave in Sengaku-ji Temple before committing seppuku by the order from the shogunate.
- 三條は1869年(明治2年)に太政官制太政官制が導入されて以来、実権はさておき、名目上は常に明治新政府の首班として諸事万端を整えることに努めてきたが、伊藤博文の主導する内閣制度の導入によってこれに終止符が打たれたのはこの4年前のことだった。
- Setting aside the question about his real power, SANJO had always strived to organize everything as head seat of new Meiji government since the System of Departments of State was introduced in 1869, but it was four years earlier that it was put an end by the introduction of cabinet system led by Hirobumi ITO.
- この両論に疑問を表明したのは後藤守一、原田大六、森浩一、伝世鏡論に疑問や同笵鏡の分有関係の解釈について斎藤忠、系統的・理論的に批判した内藤晃、鏡の賜与だけをもって大和政権と地方首長との政治関係の成立を考察するのは困難とする西嶋定生などがいた。
- Shuichi GOTO, Dairoku HARADA and Koichi MORI raised questions regarding the two theories, Tadashi SAITO posed questions regarding Densei-kyo mirror ron and the explanation of the fact that Dohan-kyo mirrors were owned by more than one owner, Akira NAITO criticized the theories systematically and theoretically, Sadao NISHIJIMA insisted that the establishment of a political relationship between the YAMATO Administration and heads of local governments cannot be explained only in accordance of mirrors.
- このときの「彼らは常に口を開けば、直ちに忠愛を唱へ、恰も忠君愛国の一手専売の如く唱へておりますが—(中略)—玉座を以て胸壁となし、詔勅を以て弾丸に代へて政敵を倒さんとするものではないか」のフレーズで知られる尾崎行雄の桂首相弾劾演説は有名である。
- On this occasion, Yukio OZAKI made a well-known address calling for the impeachment of Prime Minister Katsura, saying, 'when he and his fellows open their mouths, they speak about loyalty to the Emperor and patriotism as if they had a monopoly on these qualities,... but I suspect they use the imperial throne as a bulwark to defend themselves from attack by their political opponents, and use imperial edicts (Shochoku) as political bullets with which to topple their opponents.'
- 大山らが登場させて後は専ら国歌として知られるようになった『君が代』だが、それまでの賀歌としての位置付けや、天皇が「國ノ元首ニシテ統治権ヲ総攬」していた(大日本帝国憲法による)という時代背景から、戦前にはごく自然な国家平安の歌として親しまれていた。
- Although 'Kimigayo' became to be known mainly as the national anthem after having been made to appear by Oyama and so on, it was liked before the War as a very natural song for cerebrating peace of the nation because of its position as gaka in the past and historical background that the emperor 'was the head of state and had a ruling power' (the Constitution of the Empire of Japan).
- 『伊藤家文書』によると当日、本間は料亭から酔って退出したところを数人の男に取り囲まれて両腕を押さえつけられ、刀と脇差を取り上げられながらも激しく抵抗して格闘し数名を怯ませたものの、わずかな隙にわき腹を刺され、瀕死のところに止めをさされて斬首された。
- According to 'Documents of the Ito family, 'HONMA was surrounded by a couple of men when he came out drunk from a fancy Japanese-style restaurant, and although both of his arms were pinned down and his long and short swords were taken away, he furiously fought against them and made some of them shrink back; however, in an unguarded moment, he was stabbed in the ribs, and was beheaded when he was on the verge of dying.
- 総理在任期間は54日と最短であるものの、玉音放送の時点では戦争継続を唱える軍人も少なくなかったり(宮城事件参照)、同じ皇族の梨本宮も逮捕されるという非常に困難な時期に総理となったわけで、東久邇宮稔彦首相でなければこの急場を凌げなかったとも言われる。
- The fact that only held office for 54 days may be due to the fact that he became Prime Minister at an extremely difficult time when a large number of military personnel advocated the continuation of the war (Refer to the Kyujo [place where Emperor lives] Incident) and this was at the time of the broadcast of the Emperor's announcement of Japan's surrender as well as an Imperial family member, Nashimoto no Miya was arrested, thus some say that it was only Prime Minister Naruhiko Higashikuninomiya who could pull the country through the crisis.
- しかし上杉家家臣が編纂した「大河内文書」によると、小林平八郎は逃げようとしたところを赤穂浪士につかまり、「上野介はどこか?」「身分が低い家臣なので知りません」「身分の低い家臣がなぜ絹の寝巻きなど着ている?」という問答の末に首をはねられたといわれている。
- However, according to 'Okochi Bunsho' (Okochi's Record) which was edited by the retainers of Uesugi family, when Heihachiro KOBAYASHI was caught by Ako Roshi trying to escape, he was beheaded after being asked and answered 'where is Kozuke no Suke?' 'I am just a low ranking retainer and do not know anything.' 'why are you wearing a silk nightwear if you are a low ranking retainer.'
- また5世紀末から6世紀初めにかけて、それまで首長墓を造営してきた古墳群の多くが衰退し、新興の古墳群が出現していることから、ワカタケル大王の王権強化策は成功したが、その一方で旧来の勢力からの反発を招き、その結果として王権が一時的に弱体化したとの説もある。
- Furthermore, since towards the end of the fifth and the beginning of the sixth centuries many of the old burial mounds where chiefs were entombed went into decline and new types of burial mounds emerged, it is thought that King Wakatakeru's strategy for strengthening sovereignty succeeded, although his power was temporarily weakened by rebellions from the former powers.
- なお、しばしば総理大臣候補として名前が取り沙汰されながら結局死ぬまで選ばれなかった原因として、第3次桂内閣逓信大臣だった護憲運動時に前首相で政友会総裁の西園寺公望の失脚を画策し、最後の元老となった西園寺に嫌われていたことが大きいことを徳富蘇峰が語っている。
- Soho TOKUTOMI mentioned that the reason why Goto was not chosen to become the prime minister even though he had been often named as a candidate largely depended on the fact that he was disliked by Kinmochi SAIONJI, the last senior statesman (genro), because he orchestrated the downfall of Saionji, the former prime minister and chairman of the Constitutional Party of Political Friends (Rikken Seiyukai), when he was the Minister of Communications in the third KATSURA Cabinet promoting the Constitution protection movement.
- もっとも有名なものには、エレナが発見したとされる十字架の遺物、アルメニア王アブガルス3世に贈られ、エデッサからコンスタンティノポリスにもたらされたマンドリオン(手で描かれたのではない聖像)、コンスタンティノポリスの聖母マリアの衣、洗礼者ヨハネの首などがある。
- The most famous relics include relics of the cross discovered by Elena, the Mandylion (an icon not painted by human hand) brought to Constantinople from Edessa that was presented to the King of Armenia, Abgarus III, Virgin Mary's clothes in Constantinople, and John the Baptist's head.
- 薩長は、土佐藩、佐賀藩をも巻き込み、開国以来の違勅条約に対する反対論と外国人排撃を主張、実行に移そうとする「攘夷」を、国学の進展などにより江戸時代後期から広がっていた国家元首問題としての尊王論とを結びつけ、「尊皇攘夷」を旗頭に「倒幕」の世論を形成していった。
- Satsuma and Choshu domains, together with Tosa and Saga domains, advocated the 'anti-shogunate movement' based on the 'antiforeign imperialism' insisting that the treaties with the Western powers, which were concluded against the imperial order, should not be accepted in the first place and that foreigners should be expelled out of Japan, and placating those who were about to resort to force for the cause of exclusionism, these domains tried to unite exclusionism with the imperialism on the supremacy of the emperor.
- このように京域中央に宮殿を配する制が中国の歴史上もっともよく見られる形であり、多くの王朝で同様の都城制が採用されていたが、北魏の首都洛陽、隋唐朝の長安では宮殿を都城の北端中央に配し、その南に朝廷(官衙街=皇城)、さらに南方に東西の市を配するという方式がとられた。
- The most common layout of the Chinese ancient capitals placed the palace in the middle of the premises and many dynasties adopted similar Tojo system, but, on the other hand, Luoyang of Northern Wei and Changan of Sui and Tang Dynasty placed their palace in the center of northern end, to the south of which was the imperial court (town of kanga [government office], that is, an administrative district), and at further south were the east and west markets.
- 後花園天皇の実父である後崇光院が著した『看聞日記』をはじめとする同時代の日記類によれば、事件は9月24日に起こり、首謀者は南朝の後亀山天皇あるいはその弟の子孫とされる金蔵主、通蔵主の兄弟、鎌倉時代の後鳥羽上皇の後胤を称する源尊秀、日野氏傍流の日野有光、日野資光ら。
- According to diaries written at that time such as the 'Kanomon Nikki (Diary)' written by Emperor Hanazono's biological father, Gosukoin, the incident occurred on September 24 and the main people behind the incident were the Kinzosu and Tsuzosu brothers who were thought to be descendants of the Southern Court Emperor Gokameyama or his brother, MINAMOTO no Takahide, who claimed to be a descendant of the Retired Emperor Gotoba (Kamakura period) and Arimitsu HINO and Sukemitsu HINO, who came from a branch line of the Hino clan.
- 「首を水にて能く洗ひ、血又は土などを洗ひ落し、髪を引きさき、もとゆひに髻を高くゆひ上ぐべし。もし、かねつけおしろいべになどつけたる首ならば、其の如くにこしらへ(原文のまま)べし、顔に疵付きたらば米の粉をふりかけて、疵をまぎらかす也、紙札に首の姓名を書いて付くる也」
- 'A severed head must: be well washed with water, blood and grime washed off, have the hair combed, and arranged as before in a topknot; if you are applying face powder or lip rouge to the head at the same time, you must apply it as if to yourself (as per original text), if there are wounds on the face sprinkle rice flour on the damage to conceal the wound and write the full name of the head (i.e.. deceased) on a slip of paper and affix to the head.'
- 南北朝鮮では当時一進会が民衆のみならず知識人からも強い批判を受けていたこと、それまで一進会が同じくチンイルパの李完用首相と共に日本の朝鮮侵出を援護してきたことなどから、この声明書に対して「国権防衛運動、義兵闘争、愛国啓蒙運動などに反するもの」であると非常に批判的である。
- Because the Iljinhoe group were receiving strong criticism not only from the general public but also from intellectuals at that time and the group was back Japan's invasion of Korea together with another Chinilpa Prime Minister Lee Wan-Yong, in North and South Korea, people were fiercely critical toward this statement as 'a view opposing the protection of national sovereignty, the effort of the Righteous Army (Korean army) and the patriotic enlightenment movement.
- 皮肉にも7月になって大久保利通と木戸孝允・大隈重信の対立を原因とする政争の結果、大蔵省首脳が民部省の同じ役職を兼務していたことで統合されていた民部省に新たに東京府知事であった大木喬任が大隈の後任の民部大輔に就任し、吉井友実(少輔)・松方正義(大丞)ら大久保派が就任した。
- Ironically in July, Takato OKI who was the Governor of Tokyo prefecture was inaugurated as Minbu no taifu (a senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Popular Affairs) of Minbusho that was in effect unified with Okurasho because the heads of Okurasho doubled as the corresponding posts of Minbusho, succeeding OKUMA, together with Tomozane YOSHII and Masayoshi MATSUKATA (who was Taijo, Senior Secretary) also assuming office, as a result of the political strife caused by the confrontation between Toshimitsu OKUBO against Takayoshi KIDO and Shigenobu OKUMA.
- この時、当時重臣になっていた広田が小磯に対して「僕と寺内君(現役武官制復活当時の寺内寿一陸相)の合意で、陸相人事は三長官の合意に関係なく新首相が自由に指名していいということになっているから」と告げて、小磯はこれを一つの根拠として東條の陸相留任を阻止したという逸話がある。
- At that time, Hirota who was then Jushin (chief retainer) told Koiso, 'An agreement has been made between Mr. Terauchi (Hisaichi TERAUCHI who was the Minister of War during revival of Geneki Bukan sei) and me, as for the personnel affairs, we've accepted to designate a new Prime Minister regardless of the consent of three Kami' and it is said that this incident was one of the reasons for Koiso preventing Tojo from remaining as the Minister of War.
- 毛利方は安国寺恵瓊を高松城に送り込んで説得を試みたが、宗治は主家である毛利家と城内の兵の命が助かるなら自分の首はいとも安いと述べ、自らと兄である清月と家臣の難波伝兵衛、末近左衛門の4人の首を差し出す代わりに籠城者の命を助けるようにという嘆願書を書き、安国寺恵瓊に託した。
- Mori attempted to convince Muneharu by sending Ekei ANKOKUJI over into Takamatsu-jo Castle, but Muneharu said he was not afraid to lose his life as long as he could save the Mori clan, his master, and the lives of his troops, leaving a petition to Ekei ANKOKUJI, which was to save the lives of the besieged in exchange for the lives of the four people: his brother Seigetsu, his vassals Denbe NANBA and Saemon SUECHIKA, and himself.
- 時朝は、身の丈が当時としては高く178cmもあり、その恵まれた体格から武勇に優れていたが、文化人としても名が高く、宇都宮新和歌集には、宇都宮頼綱に次ぐ51首もの歌が収録されており、時朝の詩集である『前長門守時朝入京四舎打聞集』の写本が現在、宮内庁書陵部に秘蔵されている。
- Tokitomo was 178 cm tall and taller than average in those days, skilled in martial arts due to his privileged body, famous as a cultured person so that his 51 poems whose number was next to Yoritsuna UTSUNOMIYA were contained in 'Utsunomiya Shin Wakashu'(the second collection of Utsunomiya group's poetry), and a copy of Tokitomo's poems 'Collection of Poetry Written by Tokitomo KASAMA' is stored in Imperial Household Archives.
- 公式令によれば、訴えの起こす場合には地方においては郡司→国司→太政官、首都においては京職→刑部省→太政官の順序を取ることが定められており(太政官で訴えが受理されなければ、天皇に上奏することが許される)、この手続に反する訴えをした場合には笞刑40の刑に課された(『闘訟律』)。
- According to the Kushiki-ryo (law on state documentary forms in the Yoro Code), the fixed course of a suit in local districts was a gunji (local magistrate), a kokushi (provincial governor), the Daijokan (Great Council of State) in that order, and in the Capital the Kyoshiki (Capital Bureau), the Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice), the Daijokan in that order (if appeals were not accepted by the Daijokan, people were allowed to report to the emperor), and if people made an appeal against this procedure, they were given 40 strokes of cane ('Toshoritsu').
- 慶応2年(1866年)の徳川家茂の死を機会に朝廷の名において列藩召集を行なおうとするが失敗、孝明天皇の崩御の際には毒殺説が流れ、首謀者として疑われた(一説に自分が成り上がろうとして孝明天皇を暗殺し、幼く操縦しやすいと思われる明治天皇を早く即位させ利用した、という説もある)。
- In 1866, he tried to summon personnel of various domains in the name of the Imperial court when Iemochi TOKUGAWA died, but this attempt failed. When Emperor Komei died, there was a rumor that he was poisoned and Tomomi was suspected of killing him (there has been a theory that Tomomi assassinated Emperor Komei in order to raise his own position so that he could make young and easily manipulable Emperor Meiji take over the throne).
- 近衛の後を承けたのは前枢密院議長の平沼騏一郎だったが、平沼内閣には近衛内閣から法相(兼逓相)、文相、内相、外相、商工相(兼拓務相)、海相、陸相の七閣僚が留任したうえ、枢密院に転じた近衛自身も班列としてこれに名を連ねたため、あたかも首をすげ替えただけの様相を呈すことになった。
- Konoe was succeeded by former Chairman of the Privy Council, Kiichiro HIRANUMA, but with the Minister of Law (and Minister of Communications and Transportation), the Internal Minister, the Foreign Minister, the Minister of Commerce (and Minister of the Colonies), the Minister of the Navy and the Minister of the Army remaining in office, and Konoe himself joining the Privy Council and becoming a minister without portfolio), Hiranuma's cabinet appeared the same as Konoe's with just a different head.
- 首謀者である健岑と逸勢の地位が、このような謀反を計画するにはあまりにも低く(また、家系的にも傍流出身で「藤原氏による他氏排斥」の対象にもなり得ない)、また計画に関与したとしたとして処罰された人々も叛乱に荷担する動機が見当たらないことから、事件自体をでっちあげとみなす説もある。
- Since the positions of the chief plotters, Kowamine and Hayanari, were so low (and also from branch lines of lineages that would not even be a target for 'elimination of other clans by the Fujiwara clan') for planning such an insurrection and the people who were punished for being associated with the plan had no motives, there is a theory that proposes that the whole incident was made up.
- …抑モ東京ハ帝国ノ首都ニシテ政治経済ノ枢軸トナリ国民文化ノ源泉トナリテ民衆一般ノ瞻仰スル所ナリ一朝不慮ノ災害ニ罹リテ今ヤ其ノ旧形ヲ留メスト雖依然トシテ我国都タル地位ヲ失ハス是ヲ以テ其ノ善後策ハ独リ旧態ヲ回復スルニ止マラス進ンテ将来ノ発展ヲ図リ以テ巷衢ノ面目ヲ新ニセサルヘカラス…
- 'Tokyo is the capital of the empire and the political and economic center, and the source of Japan's culture. Tokyo suffered an enormous disaster this time and can not cling to its old situation, but still holds status as capital of the empire, therefore, it is necessary not only to restore it to what it used to be but also have it undergo a complete new transformation.'
- 「される」とするのは、光秀のものとされる首が夏の暑さで著しく腐敗し、本当に光秀かどうか確かめようがなかったからである(土民の槍で致命傷を負ったため、家臣の溝尾茂朝に首を打たせ、その首は竹薮に埋められたとも、坂本城又は丹波亀山の谷性寺まで溝尾庄兵衛が持ち帰ったとも言われている)。
- He is 'supposed to have been pierced' because the head assumed to be his rotted in the hot summer and could not be identified; some theories say that Mitsuhide, fatally injured, asked his subordinate Shigetomo MIZOO to cut off his head, which was then buried in a bamboo grove or carried by Shobei MIZOO to Sakamoto-jo Castle or Kokusho-ji Temple.
- 足利三代木像梟首事件(あしかがさんだいもくぞうきょうしゅじけん)は、江戸時代後期、幕末の文久3年2月22日 (旧暦)(1863年4月9日)に、京都等持院にあった室町幕府初代征夷大将軍足利尊氏、2代足利義詮、3代足利義満の木像の首と位牌が持ち出され、賀茂川の河原に晒された事件である。
- In the incident of Ashikaga-sandai mokuzo kyoshu, heads of the wooden images and the mortuary tablets of the first Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) Takauji ASHIKAGA, the second Seii taishogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, and the third Seii taishogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA were taken away from Kyoto Jito-in Temple on April 9, 1863 in the late Edo period, and were cast to the riverbed of Kamo-gawa river.
- 昭和天皇は幣原喜重郎首相が連合国軍最高司令官総司令部に主導されて作成した草案を初めて見た際に、「これで結構だが、これまでも皇室が決して独裁的なものでなかったことを示すために、明治天皇の五箇条の御誓文を加えることはできないだろうか」と述べ、急遽GHQの許可を得て加えられることになった。
- When the Emperor Showa saw the draft of prime minister Kijuro SHIDEHARA led by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) for the first time, the Emperor said 'it is fine, but to show that the Imperial Family has never been dictatorial, it that possible to add Charter Oath of Five Articles of the Emperor Meiji?' and it was added in haste under permission from GHQ.
- 韓日合邦を要求する声明書(かんにちごうほうをようきゅうするせいめいしょ)とは、1909年12月4日、大韓帝国で日本の影響下にあったチンイルパ一進会(公称会員数百万人・実数数万人程度)が皇帝純宗 (朝鮮王)、韓国統監曾禰荒助、首相李完用に送った朝鮮と日本の対等合併を要望する声明書である。
- The statement of Requesting the Equal Merger of Korea and Japan is a statement to request an equal merger between Korea and Japan sent to Emperor Sunjong (of the Korean Empire), the Resident-General of Korea Arasuke SONE and Prime Minister Lee Wan-Yong on December 4, 1909 by a group of Chinilpa (literally 'people friendly to Japan') called Iljinhoe which was under the influence of Japan in the Korean Empire (officially reported membership was a few million but actual membership was a few ten thousands).
- 桂園時代は、桂に代表される官僚・軍部と西園寺に代表される有力政党である立憲政友会が「情意投合」と呼ばれる連携体制を組んで交互に内閣総理大臣に就任した(この間にも松方正義や山本権兵衛、平田東助などを首相に擁する動きはあったものの、両者以上の政権基盤を持たずにいずれも断念に追い込まれている)。
- In the Kei-En era, bureaucrats and military typified by Katsura and a leading political party Rikken seiyukai typified by Saionji built a collaborative system called 'emotional agreement' and they alternately served as the prime minister (In the meantime, there was a move to field Masayoshi MATSUKATA, Gonbei YAMAMOTO and Tosuke HIRATA as prime minister, but none of them had stronger foundations of administration than those of the two, so they were forced to give up).
- 教科書としては、『庭訓往来』『商売往来』『百姓往来』など往来物のほか、文字を学ぶ『千字文』、人名が列挙された『名頭』『苗字尽』、地名・地理を学ぶ『国尽』『町村尽』、『四書五経』『六諭衍義』などの儒学書、『国史略』『十八史略』などの歴史書、『唐詩選』『百人一首』『徒然草』などの古典が用いられた。
- Text books included Oraimono such as 'Teikin Orai' (collection of letters used for family education), 'Shobai Orai' (a Guide to Commerce), 'Hakusho Orai' (a Guide to Farming), 'Senjimon' (a poem consisting of one thousand Chinese characters) for learning characters, 'Nagashira,' 'Myojizukushi' for learning names of people, 'Kunizukushi,' 'Chosonzukushi,' for learning place names and geography, 'Shishogokyo,' 'Rikuyuengi' for Confucianism, and history books such as 'Kokushiryaku,' 'Juhasshiryaku' and classics such as 'Toshisen,' 'Hyakuninisshu' and 'Tsurezuregusa.'
- 長引く南朝遺臣の討伐に加え同年7月11日 (旧暦)(8月12日)、義教と不仲であった弟の義昭の出奔をみた幕府首脳は、大覚寺が南朝ゆかりであること、玉川宮、護聖院宮らの南朝皇族も共に逃亡したことなどから、後南朝・義昭に加え、当時幕府派の関東管領上杉憲実と対立していた鎌倉公方足利持氏の連携を疑った。
- On August 12, 1437 when the shogunate was trying to subdue the surviving retainers of the Southern Court, Yoshiaki, who was at odds with his older brother Yoshinori ran away, so the leaders of the shogunate suspected the involvement of not only Yoshiaki of Gonancho (Second Southern Court) but also Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura Kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) who was in conflict with Norizane UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), because Daikaku-ji Temple (from where Yoshiaki ran away) was associated with the Southern Court and also imperial princes of the Southern Court, Tamagawa no miya and Goshoin no miya ran away, too.
- 『甲陽軍鑑』に拠ると、永禄7年(1564年)7月に義信の傅役である飯富虎昌、側近の長坂源五郎(昌国)、曽根周防守らが信玄暗殺の密談をしていたが、計画は事前に虎昌の実弟・山県昌景の密書により露見し、永禄8年(1565年)1月、虎昌以下は謀反の首謀者として処刑され、80騎の家臣団は追放処分となった。
- According to the 'Koyo Gunkan', Yoshinobu's tutor,Toramasa OBU, his close associate Gengoro (also known as Masakuni) NAGASAKA, and Suo no kami (the governor of Suo Province), Sone secretly plotted in July 1564 to assassinate Shingen, but the plot was exposed beforehand in a secret letter from Toramasa's younger brother, Masakage YAMAGATA, resulting in, in January 1565, the execution of Toramasa and the other two as ring leaders of the rebellion, and the expulsion of eighty cavalry members of Yoshinobu's retainers.
- 大日本帝国憲法、衆議院議員選挙法が公布された翌日(1889年(明治22年)2月12日)、黒田は鹿鳴館で開催された午餐会の席上において「超然主義演説」を行って政党との徹底対決の姿勢を示したが、その一方で立憲改進党前総裁(実質は党首)で外務大臣 (日本)の大隈重信を留任させて条約改正の任にあたらせた。
- The day after the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and the election law of the members of the House of Representatives were issued (February 12, 1889), KURODA made the speech called 'speech of the doctrine of superiority' in order to show his attitude to cope with the political parties to the bottom in the luncheon held at Rokumeikan, and on the other hand, he had Shigenobu OKUMA, who was also the former president of the Constitutional Progressive Party, stay in the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs (Japan) to assign the mission to revise the treaty.
- 大宰府の少弐資能(武藤資能)は蒙古国書(日本側では牒状と記録)と高麗王書状を受け取り、鎌倉幕府へ送達する(しかし、日本側からの返牒の気配がなかったためか、太宰府来着から七ヶ月後に潘阜は高麗へ帰還しており、高麗は同年10月には潘阜の遣使が不首尾に終わった旨を元朝宮廷側に潘阜ら自らが赴くなどして報告している)。
- Sukeyoshi SHONI (Sukeyoshi MUTO) of Dazai-fu received the letter from the Mongol Empire (letter and records according to Japanese materials) and the one from the king of Goryeo, and sent them to Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (however, Hanpu returned to Goryeo seven months after his arrival at Dazai-fu, possibly because Japan showed no intention to reply, and in October of the same year, Goryeo reported to the Yuan imperial court, by envoy Hanpu himself visiting there, that he had gained no fruit).
- 通説によれば、延喜年間に延喜格式と並行して編纂が行われたとされ、『本朝法家目録文書』及び『本朝書籍目録』によれば、ともに10巻とし、前者には約90条の目録を掲げているが、『北山抄』・『江家次第』・『中右記』などにその逸文とされるものが記載されており、藤原俊憲の『貫首秘抄』でも職事が持つべき書として挙げている。
- It was commonly accepted that Engi Gishiki was compiled in parallel with Engi Kyakushiki during the Engi era -- According to 'Honcho hoke mokuroku monjo' (Catalogue of legalist documents in our country) and 'Honcho shoseki mokuroku' (Catalogue of books in our country), Engi Gishiki and Engi Kyakushiki were in ten volumes respectively and ninety items were listed for the former; and such documents as 'Hokuzansho' (Manual of court rules and customs), 'Goke shidai' (Ritual Compendium by the House of Oe), and 'Chuyuki' (The Diary of the Minister of the Right, written by Munetada FUJIWARA) recorded the parts which was considered to be a surviving fragment of the former; and 'Kanju hisho' (also referred to as Kanzu hisho; Secret Notes by Head Chamberlain) written by FUJIWARA no Toshinori recommended the former as a must for Shikiji (Chamberlains).
- しかし東京都が首都とみなされる理由としては、日本国憲法で「日本国の象徴であり日本国民統合の象徴」と規定される天皇が常在し、皇居が東京都に所在すること、同じく憲法で国会(立法府)、首相官邸や中央省庁(行政府)、最高裁判所(司法府)という三権の最高機関のいずれもが東京都(中でも千代田区)に所在することが挙げられる。
- As for reasons supporting that Tokyo is regarded the Capital of Japan, two are generally given: the Emperor who is prescribed by Japanese Constitution as 'the symbol of Japan and the symbol of Japanese people's integration' is permanently stationed and the Imperial Palace is located in Tokyo, and also the highest organs of the three powers ruled by Japanese Constitution such as the Diet (legislature), the prime minister's official residence and central government ministries and agencies (administration) and the Supreme Court (administration of justice) are located in Tokyo (they are especially concentrated in Chiyoda Ward).
- 国債・合邦・自主・戦利・特権・平時・民主・盟邦・野蛮・越権・海峡・各処・過大・慣行・管制・急行・強制・共用・協力・君権・現今・現在・合法・公約・誤解・国会・私権・実権・実務・首位・主権・上告・商事・聖書・専権・全国・戦時・戦前・船内・全廃・属地・奪回・直行・特約・突然・物件・砲弾・某国・例外・聯邦・権利etc。
- nation debt, annexation, independence, prize of war, special privilege, time of peace, democratic, allied power, barbarian, exceeding one's authority, strait, in every, excessive, traditional practice, system of government, express, compulsion, common, cooperation, right of ruler, present, present, lawful, pledge, misunderstanding, national assembly, private, real power, practical business affairs, first place, sovereignty, final appeal, business affairs, bible, exclusive prerogative, whole country, wartime, prewar, on boat, total abolition, appurtenant land, recapture, direct, special contract, sudden, article, cannonball, certain country, exception, federation, right etc.
- 義朝側の戦力は、三条殿襲撃に参加した源重成・源光基・源季実、信西を追捕した源光保などの同盟軍、子息の義平・源朝長・頼朝、叔父・源義隆、信濃源氏・平賀義信などの一族、鎌田正家・後藤実基・佐々木秀義などの郎等により形成され、義朝の勢力基盤である関東からは、三浦義澄・上総介広常・山内首藤氏などが参戦したに過ぎなかった。
- The warriors fighting on Yoshitomo's side included MINAMOTO no Shigenari, MINAMOTO no Mitsumoto, and MINAMOTO no Hidezane, all of whom had taken part in the raid on the Sanjo Palace, and MINAMOTO no Mitsuyasu and others who had tracked down and captured Shinzei, as well as Yoshitomo's sons Yoshihira, Tomonaga, and Yoritomo and his uncle MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka and Yoshinobu HIRAGA and others of the Shinano branch of the Minamoto clan, and his army took shape around his retainers, including Masaie KAMATA, Sanemoto GOTO, and Hideyoshi SASAKI; yet from the Kanto, the source of Yoshitomo's power, only a handful, including Yoshizumi MIURA, Hidetsune KAZUSANOSUKE (TAIRA no Hidetsune), and some warriors of the Yamanouchi-Sudo clan were present to fight with him.
- 明治6年(1873年)の対朝鮮問題をめぐる政府首脳の軋轢は、6月に外務少記森山茂が釜山から帰って、李朝政府が日本の国書を拒絶したうえ、使節を侮辱し、居留民の安全が脅かされているので、朝鮮から撤退するか、武力で修好条約を締結させるかの裁決が必要であると報告し、それを外務少輔上野景範が内閣に議案として提出したことに始まる。
- Discord in the government and amongst the executives regarding the problem in Korea in 1873 began after Shigeru MORIYAMA, who held the rank of Gaimu-shoki, returned from Busan, and the Yi Dynasty Korea insulted the ambassador after refusing the Japanese sovereign's message, so he reported that it would be necessary to either decide to evacuate from Korea, or to conclude the conclusion problem of treaty of amity by force, and Kagenori UENO with Gaimu-sho title submitted these reports to the ministry as a bill.
- 現在、大阪城天守閣で所蔵されている、自らも大坂の役に参戦した黒田長政が絵師を集めて描かせたとされる屏風絵「大坂夏の陣図屏風」の左半分には、徳川方の雑兵達が大坂城下の民衆に襲い掛かり、偽首を取る様子や略奪を働き身包みを剥がすところ、さらには川を渡って逃げる民衆に銃口を向ける光景、そして女性を強姦にする様子などが詳細に描かれている。
- At the left hand of painting of 'Osaka Natsu no Jinzu Byobu' (Folding screen with painting of Summer Sieze of Osaka) in the possession of the Tenshukaku (keep or tower) of Osaka-jo Castle, which Nagamasa KURODA who joined in the war ordered painters to make, there are detailed scenes that warriors of Tokugawa side assaulted the public in the town of Osaka-jo Castle, trying to get nisekubi (fake head as a proof to kill someone for awards), plundering and despoiling their possessions including clothes, shooting those who try to escape crossing over river, and raping women, and so on.
- 更に1887年4月4日に久宮静子内親王が亡くなったにも関わらず、4月20日に首相官邸で仮装舞踏会を開催(ただし、実際は駐英公使の依頼により会場を貸しただけであった)し、4月26日に井上馨邸で天覧歌舞伎が行われた事に対する非難から、仮装舞踏会では政府高官による婦女暴行が行われているという風説(三島通庸の記録より)まで飛んだのである。
- In addition, even a rumor went around that government officials sexually assaulted women in the fancy ball (according to the record of Michitsune MISHIMA) because they were accused of holding a costume ball in the prime minister's official residence on April 20 despite the death of Imperial Princess Shizuko HISANOMIYA on April 4, 1887, (in fact, they merely let a venue for the dance at the request of the minister to Britain), and were also accused of taking place Tenran Kabuki (Kabuki the royal family attend to watch) in the house of Kaoru INOUE on April 26.
- なお「日本の首領」で三船敏郎、佐分利信、片岡千恵蔵が同じ場面で競演した際には、挨拶の順は1)三船(1920生、戦後デビュー)が二人に挨拶し、2)次に佐分利(1909生、1931デビュー)が片岡に「佐分利でございます」と挨拶して3)最後に千恵蔵(1903生、1927デビュー)が「おう」と返事を済ませて大物同士の挨拶が済んだとされる。
- When Toshiro MIFUNE, Shin SABURI, and Chiezo KATAOKA performed together in the same scene of the yakuza film 'Nihon no Don,' they greeted each other in the following fashion: first, Mifune (born in 1920 and who made his debut after the Second World War) said hello deferentially to the two seniors, then Saburi (born in 1909 and debuting in 1931) introduced himself to Kataoka with the words 'I'm Saburi, sir,' and lastly Kataoka (born in 1903 and debuting in 1927) said to the two juniors, 'Hello, guys.'
- その一方で、パークスが談判を仕切ったためにフランス公使によって出された損害賠償要求は事実上無視され、大隈の通貨改革についての異論は公使達からも三条・岩倉ら太政官首脳からも出されること無く、内外からの承認を得る形となり、結果的には明治政府による自主的な通貨改革そのものについては、大隈案に沿った形での方針が認められることになったのである。
- On the other hand, because Parkes ran the negotiation, the claim for loss put out by the French minister was virtually ignored, and objections to OKUMA's currency reform did not occur by the ministers or the heads of the Daijokan, such as SANJYO and IWAKURA, leading to an agreement from both Japan and foreign countries, and as a result the independent currency reform by the Meiji Government itself was accepted to take the shape of a policy in accordance with OKUMA's proposal.
- 一方、自治体としての東京都が公式に用いている「東京都」の英称は ' Tokyo Metropolis' (metropolisは首都・首府・大都市、あるいは主要都市・中心市)で、都知事は 'Governor'(知事)として国際会議に出席するなど、東京都という1つの自治体で都市の扱いになっており、対外的に23区と多摩地域や島嶼部を分離する意味はない。
- On the other hand, the common name that Tokyo officially uses, is 'Tokyo Metropolis' (note, metropolis means capital, metropolis, big city or main city, central city), and the Governor of Tokyo attends the international conferences as 'Governor,' so Tokyo is treated as a single autonomous body and there is no meaning to separate the Tama area and islands area from the 23 boroughs.
- 当日の早朝、一行は決行前の宴を催し一晩過ごした東海道品川宿(東京都品川区)の旅籠を出発し、東海道(現在の国道15号)に沿って進み、大木戸を経て札ノ辻を曲がり、網坂(東京都港区 (東京都)、慶應義塾大学付近)、神明坂、中之橋(現在の首都高速都心環状線を過ぎる)を過ぎて桜田通りへ抜け、愛宕神社 (東京都港区)(港区)で待ち合わせたうえで、外桜田門へ向かう。
- Early that morning, the group left the inn at Shinagawa (Shinagawa Ward, Tokyo) where they had had a party the night before, and proceeded along the Tokaido (now the National Route 15); they turned at Fudanotsuji after going through Okido; they passed Amisaka (near present-day Keio University, Minato Ward, Tokyo), Myojinzaka and Nakanohashi (now the Tokyo Metropolitan Expressway Ring Route) to Sakurada Street, and finally assembled at the Atago Jinja Shrine on the street leading to the Sakuradamon Gate.
- 昭和元年(1926年)12月28日、践祚直後の昭和天皇は西園寺に対し特に勅語を与え(「大勲位公爵西園寺公望ニ賜ヒタル勅語」)、これにより、西園寺は「最後の元老」として引き続き内閣総理大臣奏薦の任に当たることが制度上確定、昭和15年(1940年)1月の米内内閣までは何らかの形で首班推奏に関与し続けることになる(第二次近衛内閣については奏薦を謝絶している)。
- On December 28, 1926, Emperor Showa, who had just been enthroned, issued an ordinance to Saionji in particular ('Ordinance given to the Supreme Order Prince Kinmochi SAIONJI'), and by this, it became institutionally certain for Saionji to be 'the last Genro' and to continue serving as an advisor regarding the appointment of the Prime Minister, and he continued in one way or another to be involved in the recommendations of the Cabinet Chiefs until the Yonai Cabinet was formed in January, 1940 (he declined to give recommendations to the Second Konoe cabinet).
- 桂太郎首相は、戦争中の政局の安定を図るため、立憲政友会との提携を希望して原敬との間で次の政権は政友会総裁の西園寺公望に禅譲するという政権授受の密約を交わす(ただし近年の原と桂の双方の日記の研究によって、当初はその時期を明確にしていなかったこと、日比谷焼討事件後の桂内閣の弱体化に危機感を抱いた双方の合意によって具体的な時期が定まったことが明らかになっている)。
- Taro KATSURA, Prime Minister, expected the alliance with the Seiyu party in order to stabilize the political situation during the war and made a secret promise with Takashi HARA that he would transfer the position of Prime Minister to Saionji (however, the recent study on the diaries kept by Hara and Katsura proved that, at first, they did not clarify the date of transfer and that they decided the date, with a sense of crisis about the weakened Katsura cabinet after the Hibiya Incendiary Incident).
- 容易に李氏朝鮮の首都である漢城が陥落すると、日本の諸将は5月に漢城にて軍議を開き、各方面軍による八道国割と呼ばれる制圧目標を決めた(平安道から一番隊小西行長他、咸鏡道から二番隊加藤清正他、黄海道から三番隊黒田長政他、江原道から四番隊毛利吉成他、忠清道から五番隊福島正則他、全羅道から六番隊小早川隆景他、慶尚道から七番隊毛利輝元他、京畿道から八番隊宇喜多秀家他)。
- After Hancheong, which had been the capital of Yi Dynasty Korea, fell easily, Japanese commanders held a war council in June in Hancheong and determined targets of subjugation called Hachidokuniwari (literally, dividing the country into eight routes) by each corps (the First Division of Yukinaga KONISHI and others from Pyeongan Province, the Second Division of Kiyomasa KATO and others from Hangyong Province, the Third Division of Nagamasa KURODA and others from Hwanghae Province, the Forth Division of Yoshinari MORI and others from Gangwon Province; the Fifth Division of Masanori FUKUSHIMA and others from Chungcheong Province; the Sixth Division by Takakage KOBAYAKAWA and others from Jeolla Province, the Seventh Division by Terumoto MORI and others from Gyeongsang Province, and the Eighth Division of Hideie UKITA and others from Gyeonggi Province).
- ところが1433年(永享5年)に比叡山が幕府に十二か条からなる要求を行い、義教は応じたものの、それにもかかわらず僧兵が暴動を起こすに至って激怒し自ら兵を率いて比叡山を攻撃、比叡山側は降伏して一旦は停戦するものの翌年には足利持氏の依頼で義教を比叡山が呪詛しているとの報を受けるに及んで再び出兵、比叡山の高僧を数人斬首するに至り、やがて 1435年(永享7年)2月には比叡山僧侶を焼身自殺に追い込んだ。
- In 1433, Yoshinori accepted 12 conditions issued by Hieizan Enryaku-ji Temple but, outraged when monks nonetheless started rioting, led his army in an attack on the temple, forcing it to surrender and accept a ceasefire; however, the following year, Yoshinori received a report from Mochiuji ASHIKAGA that the temple was placing a curse on him, leading him to again send troops and behead several high priests, and in March 1435, the temple's cornered monks immolated themselves.
- 明治4年7月14日 (旧暦)(1871年8月29日)に断行された廃藩置県の後始末が済まないうちに、岩倉使節団の計画が持ち上がり最終的に岩倉具視・大久保利通・木戸孝允ら明治政府を主導してきた首脳の多くが加わる一大使節団となったことから、使節団の外遊中の留守を守るとともに廃藩置県の後始末を行うための組織として太政大臣三条実美を筆頭に西郷隆盛・井上馨・大隈重信・板垣退助・江藤新平・大木喬任らによって結成された。
- The Iwakura Mission project came up before the completion of Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishement of prefectures) that had been set about on August 29, 1871, in the project Tomomi IWAKURA, Toshimichi OKUBO, Takayoshi KIDO and many other leaders of the Meiji government finally joined the great delegation, and therefore the Establishment was organized by Grand Minister Sanetomi SANJO at its head, Takamori SAIGO, Kaoru INOUE, Shigenobu OKUMA, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shinpei ETO and Takao OKI in order to protect the nation and to settle the affairs of Haihan-chiken while the Iwakura Mission was traveling abroad officially.
- 邪馬台国九州説を発展させ、大宰府(太宰府)を首都とする九州王朝が成立したが、663年(天智元年)「白村江の戦い」の敗北をきっかけとしてヤマト王権により滅亡させられたとする古田武彦が唱えた九州王朝説の所論によれば、大化の改新として仮託された事件により後の天智天皇・天武天皇が権力奪取する以前の記紀の神代神話と皇統譜や事跡の記述の多くは九州王朝からの剽窃による創作であり、それまでのヤマト王権は統一王朝ではなかったとする。
- Developing the Yamatai-koku Kingdom in Kyushu, by the Kyushu Dynasty Theory advocated by Takehiko FURUTA that the Kyushu Dynasty was established with the capital Dazaifu but was destroyed by the Yamato Administration triggered by the lost in 'Battle of Hakusukinoe' (Battle of Baekgang) in 663, most of the immemorial myth, the genealogy and the achievements of the Imperial Family in Kojiki and Nihon Shoki before later Emperor Tenchi and Emperor Tenmu seized the political power through the incident called Taika Reforms were fiction by plagiarism from the Kyushu Dynasty and until then, the Yamato Administration was not a unified dynasty.
- 幕府軍によって変の首謀者たちが討たれ、剣が奪い返された後も神璽は後南朝に持ち去られたままであったが、1457年(長禄元年)に至って、1441年(嘉吉元年)の嘉吉の乱で取り潰された赤松氏の復興を願う赤松家遺臣の石見太郎、丹生屋帯刀、上月満吉らが、大和国・紀伊国国境付近の北山(奈良県吉野郡上北山村か)あるいは三之公(同郡川上村 (奈良県))に本拠を置いていた後南朝に臣従すると偽って後南朝勢力を襲い、南朝の末裔という自天王・忠義王兄弟を殺害して神璽を奪い返した(長禄の変)。
- Shogunal forces hunted down and executed the ringleaders of the Incident and recaptured the sword, but the Grand Jewels remained with the Gonancho forces who fled in 1457, the surviving retainers of the Akamatsu clan - which had been crushed in the Kakitsu Rebellion of 1441 - including Taro ISHIMI, Tatewaki NIUNOYA, and Mitsuyoshi KOZUKI, wishing to restore the Akamatsu clan's fortunes, went to the Gonancho headquarters at Kitayama near the provincial borders of Yamato and Kii Provinces (possibly referring to modern-day Kamikitayama village in Yoshino district, Nara Pref.), or perhaps at Sannoko (in Kawakami village of Yoshino district, Nara Pref.), and pretended to become vassals of the Gonancho before turning on them and striking down many of their forces, murdering Princes Jitenno and Tadayoshiten who were brothers and Imperial descendants of the Southern Court bloodline, before recapturing the Grand Jewels (in what became known as the Choroku Incident).
- 10月28日、千葉常胤・三浦義澄・千葉胤正・三浦義村・畠山重忠・小山朝政・結城朝光・足立遠元・和田義盛・和田常盛・比企能員・所左衛門尉朝光・民部丞行光・葛西清重・八田知重・波多野忠綱・大井実久・若狭忠季・渋谷高重・山内首藤経俊・宇都宮頼綱・榛谷重朝・安達盛長・佐々木盛綱・稲毛重成・安達景盛・岡崎義実・土屋義清・東重胤・土肥惟光・河野通信・曽我祐綱・二宮四郎・長江明義・諸の次郎季綱・天野遠景・工藤行光・中原仲業以下御家人66名による景時糾弾の連判状を一夜のうちに作成し、将軍側近官僚大江広元に提出した。
- On November 25, 1199, a letter of covenant which accuses Kagetoki was prepared overnight and submitted to Hiromoto OE, an aide official to the shogun, by sixty-six gokenin, including Tsunetane Chiba, Yoshizumi MIURA, Tanemasa CHIBA, Yoshimura MIURA, Shigetada HATAKEYAMA, Tomomasa OYAMA, Tomomitsu YUKI, Tomoto ADACHI, Yoshimori WADA, Tsunemori WADA, Yoshikazu HIKI, TOKORO Saemon no jo Tomomitsu, MINBU no jo Yukimitsu, Kiyoshige KASAI, Tomoshige HATTA, Tadatsuna HADANO, Sanehisa OI, Tadasue WAKASA, Takashige SHIBUYA, Tsuneyoshi YAMAUCHISUDO, Yoritsuna UTSUNOMIYA, Shigetomo HANGAYA, Morinaga ADACHI, Moritsuna SASAKI, Shigenari INAGE, Kagemori ADACHI, Yoshizane OKAZAKI, Yoshikiyo TSUCHIYA, Shigetane TO, Koremitsu DOI, Michinobu KONO, Suketsuna SOGA, Shiro NINOMIYA, Akiyoshi NAGAE, MORO no Jiro Suetsuna, Tokage AMANO, Yukimitsu KUDO, and NAKAHARA no Nakanari.
- アイスランド、アゼルバイジャン、アラブ首長国連邦、アルジェリア、アルバニア、アルメニア、イエメン、イラン、インド、ウガンダ、エチオピア、エリトリア、オマーン、ガイアナ、ガーナ共和国、カーボヴェルデ、カタール、ガボン、カメルーン、ガンビア、カンボジア、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国、ギニア、ギニアビサウ、キプロス、キリバス、キルギス共和国、クウェート、グルジア、グレナダ、ケニア、コートジボワール、コンゴ共和国、コンゴ民主共和国、コロンビア、サウジアラビア、シエラレオネ、ジブチ、ジャマイカ、シリア、シンガポール、スーダン、スリナム、スリランカ、スワジランド、赤道ギニア、セネガル、タンザニア、チュニジア、トーゴ、ドミニカ国、ドミニカ共和国、ナイジェリア、ナウル、ナミビア、ネパール、ハイチ、パキスタン、バヌアツ、バハマ、パラオ、バーレーン、バルバドス、ハンガリー、バングラデシュ、ブータン、ブルキナファソ、ブルンジ、ベナン、ベネズエラ、ベラルーシ、ベリーズ、ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ、ボツワナ共和国、マケドニア共和国、マダガスカル、マラウィ、南アフリカ、ミャンマー、モーリシャス、モーリタニア、モザンビーク、モルドバ、モロッコ、モンゴル、ヨルダン、ラオス人民民主共和国、リビア、リベリア共和国、ルワンダ、レソト、レバノン
- Iceland, Republic of Azerbaijan, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Albania, Almenia, Yemen, Iran, India, Uganda, Ethiopia, Eritoria, Oman, Gaiana, Republic of Ghana, Republic of Cape Verde, Qatar, Gabonese Republic, Republic of Cameroon, Republic of The Gambia, Cambodia, North Korea, Republic of Guinea, Republic of Guinea-Bissau, Republic of Cyprus, Republic of Kiribati, Kyrgyz Republic, State of Kuwait, Georgia, Grenada, Republic of Kenya, Republic of Cote d'Ivoire, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Colombia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Republic of Sierra Leone, Republic of Djibouti, Jamaica, Syrian Arab Republic, Singapore, Sudan, Republic of Suriname, Sri Lanka, Kingdom of Swaziland, Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Republic of Senegal, United Republic of Tanzania, Republic of Tunisia, Republic of Togo, Commonwealth of Dominica, Dominican Republic, Nigeria, Republic of Nauru, Republic of Namibia, Nepal, Haiti, Pakistan, Republic of Vanuatu, Commonwealth of The Bahamas, Republic of Palau, Kingdom of Bahrain, Barbados, Hungary, People's Republic of Bangladesh, Butan, Burkina Faso, Republic of Burundi, Republic of Benin, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Republic of Belarus, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Botswana, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Malawi, Republic of South Africa, Union of Myanmar, Republic of Mauritius, Islamic Republic of Mauritania, Republic of Mozambique, Republic of Moldova, Kingdom of Morocco, Mongolia, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Libya, Republic of Liberia, Republic of Rwanda, Kingdom of Lesotho, Republic of Lebanon