頃: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- あの頃のように
- Like those days
- Like that time
- 4世紀~6世紀頃?
- ca. fourth century - sixth century
- 1863年5月頃迄
- Before about May 1863
- 島義勇:明治3年頃。
- Yoshitake SHIMA: He became a chamberlain around 1870.
- 明け方頃に出発した。
- They started off at dawn.
- 鎌倉時代末期頃に遡る。
- The date of the work has been traced back to the end of the Kamakura period.
- ほぼ同じ頃、皇子夭逝。
- The Cloistered Emperor's son dies prematurely at about the same time.
- 11世紀半ば頃に成立。
- It was completed around the middle of the 11th century.
- 同3・4年頃完成し入城。
- The castle was completed by 1576 or 1577, and Hideyoshi moved into the castle.
- 正午頃、戦いが始まった。
- The battle began around noon.
- その頃の岸壁の母は有名。
- The story of 'Ganpeki no haha' became famous at this time. (Mothers on the quay: Mothers standing and waiting desperately at the quay for their sons, namely the defeated servicemen as they came down from the vessels carrying refugees)
- There is a famous story of Ganpeki no haha, or mothers who were waiting for their sons to come back from war.
- 成立は15世紀の初め頃。
- It was established around the beginning of the 15th century.
- 若い頃の事績は不明である。
- His earlier career was unknown.
- 若い頃は夫と疎遠であった。
- She was estranged from her husband in her youth.
- 8月14日頃、敦賀に到着。
- Around September 27, 1689, arrived in Tsuruga.
- 8月21日頃、大垣に到着。
- Around October 4, 1689, arrived in Ogaki.
- 日頃から注意しておくこと。
- You must always be careful of this.
- 源氏18歳正月頃~19歳正月。
- Genji, age 18 (around New Year's day) to age 19 (New Year's day).
- 同じ頃吉野でも護良親王を破った。
- At the same time, the bakufu army defeated Prince Morinaga in Yoshino.
- しかしその頃信長は既に亡かった。
- However, Nobunaga did no exist at that time.
- また、室町時代頃に長音が生まれた。
- Furthermore prolonged sounds were created in the Muromachi period.
- 1887年(明治20年)頃の創建。
- It was founded around 1887.
- 17世紀後半頃の建築と推定される。
- The residence is estimated to have been built in the late 17th century.
- 保元の乱・平治の乱の頃の明法博士。
- He was a Myobo hakase (professor of law) at the time of the Hogen War and the Heiji War.
- 寛仁2年(1018年)頃成立した。
- It was formed around 1018.
- 坂上時通:11世紀初め頃の検非違使。
- SAKANOUE no Tokimichi - Kebiishi (an official with judicial and police powers) at the beginning of the 11th century.
- この頃が、三好氏の黄金時代であった。
- This period was the golden age of Miyoshi clan.
- また文徳天皇の頃も仕えていたらしい。
- It is also said that she was in service during or around the reign of Emperor Montoku.
- 若い頃に祖父藤原為家に和歌を学んだ。
- When he was a boy, he learned about waka poetry from his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Tameie.
- 1890年の帝国議会開設頃まで続く。
- It lasted until the Imperial Diet was established in 1890.
- 唐では874年頃から黄巣の乱が起きた。
- In 874, the Huang Chao Rebellion occurred in the Tang Dynasty.
- 同年秋頃から紀州勢の動きが活発になる。
- Starting around the fall of the same year, the Kishu army began to move actively.
- この頃には行なわれていたと推測される。
- It is supposed that people were doing ukai around that time.
- 江戸時代末期(文政~天保頃) の建物。
- The residence was built in the end of the Edo period (Bunsei to Tenpo eras).
- ヤマト王権の成立はこの頃と考えられる。
- It is believed that the Yamato kingship was established around this time.
- 平安時代の中頃から貴族社会に浸透した。
- It was introduced to the aristocratic class in the mid Heian period.
- 真夜中(午前3時頃と推定)に出発した。
- They started off in the middle of the night (presumably around 3 a.m.).
- この頃の中国地方の覇者は大内氏であった。
- The Ouchi clan was the supreme ruler in the western part of the mainland of Japan during this period.
- 同じ頃狭衣は帝の愛娘・女二宮と婚約した。
- It is around this time that Sagoromo becomes engaged to Onna Ninomiya, the emperor's beloved daughter.
- この頃、細合半斎、江田世恭らと交わった。
- Around this time, he formed close friendships with Hansai HOSOAI and Nagayasu EDA.
- この頃、西方では倭寇が朝鮮や中国を襲った。
- It was from this time that Japanese pirates, known as 'Wako,' in western Japan began raiding the coasts of Korea and China.
- 約1万2千年前頃からは縄文時代と呼ばれる。
- The period starting around 12,000 years ago is called the Jomon period.
- 古墳時代前期中頃から中期にかけて盛行した。
- This was popular from the middle of the beginning/middle of the Kofun period.
- 康平3年(1060年)頃の成立とみられる。
- It is believed to have been completed around 1060.
- 京都にあった頃は「内侍所」と呼ばれていた。
- When the Imperial Palace was in Kyoto, it was called 'Naishidokoro'.
- アブラナが咲く頃に降るためこの名前がある。
- As rain falls in the season in which flowers of oilseed rape bloom.
- サザンカが咲く頃に降るためこの名前がある。
- This name is given because it is rainfall in the period in which sazanka (Camellia sasanqua) blossoms bloom.
- 秘仏で、毎年10月-11月頃に開扉される。
- It is treated as hibutsu (a hidden Buddhist statue) and opened for public around October to November, every year.
- 坂上是則:9世紀末から10世紀中頃の歌人。
- SAKANOUE no Korenori - Kajin (Waka poet) lived from the end of 9th century to the middle of 10th century
- 仏教や儒教と同じ頃に道教も日本に渡来した。
- Dokyo was brought to Japan in almost the same era as Buddhism and Confucianism.
- 午前9時頃、倉石大尉らが崖をよじ登りだす。
- Around 9 a.m. Captain Kuraishi and others started to climb the cliff.
- 源氏が若い頃から熱をあげていた女君の一人。
- She was one of the women with whom Genji was infatuated since he was young.
- 1233年(天福元年)頃の成立とみられる。
- It is said to have been written around 1233.
- 14世紀頃は南北朝時代 (日本)と呼ばれた。
- The 14th century is called the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan).
- 主に1470年頃の状況に照らした去就を記す。
- The following description refers mainly to affiliations in or around 1470.
- この頃、守護代の地位を失ったものと思われる。
- It is possible that the Bicchu Ueno clan was dismissed as Shugodai around this time.
- この頃から、蒔田氏として正式に改称している。
- From this time, the Oshu Kira clan formally renamed themselves to the Maita clan.
- 鋳造時期は慶長4年(1599年)頃とされる。
- It was casted around 1599.
- この頃には完全に部隊はばらばらになっていた。
- The troop had been broken apart by that point.
- 早い頃に出家し、天台座主良源の弟子となった。
- In his earlier years he entered the priesthood and became a disciple of Ryogen, the head priest of Tendai Buddhism.
- またこの頃、日元間で禅僧の交流が盛んであった。
- Moreover, interaction between Japanese and Yuan Zen monks flourished in those days.
- 午前11時頃より各地で奇襲、急襲を繰り返した。
- From around eleven a.m., the army repeatedly laid an ambush or carried out surprise attacks here and there.
- 弘仁14年(823年)頃、叔父淳和天皇に入内。
- In around 823, she made her bridal entry into the court of her uncle, Emperor Junna.
- この頃、竹原・沼田両家で当主の早世が相次いだ。
- In both Takehara and Nuta families, the heads died young one after another.
- 紹巴の話が一通り終った頃、また仏法僧が鳴いた。
- When Joha finishes his story, Bupposo cries again.
- 一条天皇の代、寛弘三年(1006)頃の成立か。
- It is said to have been compiled around 1006, during the reign of Emperor Ichijo.
- その後、興国2年(1341年)頃に薩摩国に上陸。
- After that, he landed in Satsuma Province around 1341.
- 戦後昭和の頃には考えられなかったと言われている。
- Therefore, the reception is considered to have been impossible in the postwar Showa period.
- 幼い頃に外祖父の赤兄が壬申の乱で流罪に処される。
- When she was young, her grandfather Akae was banished in the Jinshin War.
- 農家風の民家で、18世紀中頃の建築と推定される。
- This private residence is built in a farmhouse style, and is estimated to date back to the mid 18th century.
- 一方、同じ頃浄土真宗の本福寺が堅田に創建された。
- Around the same time, Honpuku-ji Temple of the Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) was established in Katata.
- 戦国時代_(日本)頃からは南条氏の家臣となった。
- In the Sengoku period (Period of Warring States), the clan became a vassal of the Nanjo clan.
- 応仁の乱の頃まで京都の官人・武人として名を見る。
- He was well known as a government official and warrior of Kyoto until around the time of the Onin War.
- 午前3時頃、部隊は馬立場方面を目指して出発した。
- Around 3 a.m. the troop started off toward Umatateba.
- 30歳頃藤原為家の側室となり、冷泉為相らを産む。
- At the age of about 30 she became a concubine of FUJIWARA no Tameie, and she gave birth to Tamesuke Reizei.
- 成立は平安時代後期、11世紀後期頃と推定される。
- It is estimated to date from the latter half of the Heian period around the latter half of the 11th century.
- 明るく利発な性格で、幼少の頃から美声で知られる。
- He is cheerful and clever, having been known for his beautiful voice since he was a child.
- いわゆる「文学」という概念は、この頃に生まれた。
- The concept of so-called 'literature' was born during this period.
- 成立は鎌倉時代初期(1195年頃)と推定される。
- It is inferred that it was completed at the beginning of the Kamakura period (around 1195).
- 十代の頃から今様を好み、昼夜問わず歌いまくった。
- Since he was a teenager, he liked imayo and sung morning, noon, and night.
- 元文4年(1739年)頃、鉄製1文銭が出現する。
- Around 1739, a one-mon iron coin appeared.
- 午前6時頃、平氏軍からの攻撃により戦いは始まった。
- Around 6 a.m., the battle started with an attack by the Taira clan forces.
- 3世紀中後半から7世紀頃までは古墳時代と呼ばれる。
- The era from the latter half of third century to around the seventh century is called the kofun period (tumulus period).
- この頃が、まさに織田政権の絶頂期と言えるのである。
- The Oda government was at its peak around that time.
- この頃より、鎮守府将軍はほぼ4年ごとに任命された。
- Around this time, the Chinju-fu shogun started to be appointed around every four years.
- 19日午の刻(午後0時頃)、兼実は黒煙を天に見た。
- Around the midnight of January 10, Kanezane saw black smoke in the sky.
- 帰京ののち、天慶2年(939年)頃藤原師輔に降嫁。
- After retuning to Kyoto, she married FUJIWARA no Morosuke in 939.
- 成立は935年(承平 (日本)5年)頃と言われる。
- It is said to have been completed around 935.
- なお、この頃以降の日本は、大陸からは倭と呼ばれた。
- The continent had called Japan 'Wa' from this period onwards.
- 1195年(建久6年)頃後鳥羽天皇に再び出仕した。
- In 1195, she again started to serve for the Emperor Gotoba.
- この頃、天満の儒医都賀庭鐘に白話小説を教えられた。
- Around this time, he was taught Hakuwa Shosetsu (Chinese novel) by Teisho TSUGA, a Confucian doctor at Tenma.
- この頃「遠駝延五登」(おだえごと)(古代史論)稿。
- Around this time, he wrote a draft of 'Odaegoto' (a study of ancient history).
- その頃六条御息所も娘の秋好中宮共々都へ戻っていた。
- Rokujo no Miyasudokoro and her daughter Empress Akikonomu had come back to the capital by then.
- 遥任は奈良期の頃から行われていたが、ごく稀であった。
- The yonin practice existed from around the Nara period, but was used only rarely at that time.
- この絵巻の成立は、平安時代後期の12世紀頃とされる。
- The set of picture scrolls is said to have been made in the late Heian period, at around 12th century.
- 紀元前8世紀頃から3世紀頃までは弥生時代と呼ばれる。
- The era from around 8 B.C. to around the third century is called the Yayoi period.
- 平安時代後半頃から蝦夷を「えぞ」と読むようになった。
- '蝦夷' started to be read as 'Ezo' in the late Heian period.
- 11世紀頃から院使は、丹波氏が世襲するようになった。
- After the eleventh century, the administrator was hereditarily succeeded by the Tanba clan.
- おおよそ3世紀後半から6世紀半ば頃までの期間を指す。
- Roughly speaking, the Kofun period refers to the time that ranged from the later third century to the middle of the sixth century.
- その頃には頼むべき摂関家も既に昔日の面影はなかった。
- Imperial Princess Keishi could no longer rely on the Sekkan-ke because they had already lost their influence.
- この頃の使節の往来は他の時期と比べて格段に多かった。
- At that time, the mutual visits of those envoys between Japan and foreign countries were much more frequent compared to other periods.
- また天理市・和爾下神社も明治初年頃は祭神としていた。
- Wanishita-jinja Shrine in Tenri City, Nara Prefecture used to enshrine him as a deity in the early Meiji period.
- 慶応3年(1867年)夏頃には幕臣に取り立てられる。
- Around summertime of 1867, they were promoted to vassals of the shogunate.
- 慶長・元和 (日本)の頃の刊本では『犬筑波集』表記。
- Printed copies published during the Keicho and Genna eras were called 'Inu Tsukuba shu.'
- 死亡時期は、鎌倉時代初期の1210年頃に比定される。
- The year of his death is considered to be the early Kamakura period, about 1210.
- 鎌倉時代頃から直垂に大きな文様を入れることが流行った。
- Around the Kamakura period, it became fashionable to put large patterns on Hitatare (a kind of court dress in old days).
- 源義仲(木曽義仲)が信濃国木曽谷を領した頃から始まる。
- The family line dates back to the time when MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka (Yoshinaka KISO) wielded control over Kisodani, Shinano Province.
- 申の刻(午後4時頃)になって以下のような情報が入った。
- At four o'clock in the afternoon he received following information.
- 江戸時代前期頃に「奈良井の曲物」として紹介されている。
- It was introduced as 'magemono in Narai' in the early Edo period.
- 京阪京都交通〔*(2008年3月頃から順次導入予定)〕
- Keihan Kyoto Kotsu[2] (scheduled to be introduced in stages after around March 2008)
- 頃(けい)は市制 (単位系)における面積の単位である。
- 'Kei'or qing is a unit of area used in the Chinese traditional system of measurement (unit system).
- 天元 (日本)元年頃(978年?)出生とするのが通説。
- The generally accepted theory puts her birth around 978.
- 夕方頃に鳴沢付近にて凹地を発見し、ここを露営地とした。
- They found the depression contour near Narusawa in the evening, camping out there.
- 天暦5年(951年)頃までに執筆されたと推定されている。
- It is presumed that this literary work had already been accomplished by about 951.
- 鎌倉時代頃から組織され、取扱うのは主に荘園からの年貢米。
- Toimaru, which came to be organized during the Kamakura period, mainly handled nengumai brought forward by manors.
- 元慶8年(884年)頃、光孝天皇の第七皇子源定省と結婚。
- She married MINAMOTO no Sadami, the seventh prince of Emperor Koko, around 884.
- 天皇は菊花紋章を置紋にして40歳頃未満は長飾りをつける。
- Emperors used the Imperial Crest of the Chrysanthemum as their heraldry, and when they were younger than forty, nagakazari was added.
- 磯城皇子(しきのみこ、7世紀後半頃)は、飛鳥時代の皇族。
- Shiki no miko (around the latter half of the seventh century) was a member of the Imperial Family who lived in the Asuka period.
- 同24年(805年)頃にその一族が三善宿禰を授けられた。
- Around the year of 806, the name of Miyoshi no Sukune (third highest of the eight hereditary titles) was bestowed on the family of these court ladies.
- また、醍醐天皇の頃、相工(人相占い師)が宮中に召された。
- Also, during the reign of Emperor Daigo a soko (physiognomist) was summoned to the Imperial Court.
- 近頃は近江や京でも戦乱がおき、勝四郎は宮木のことを思う。
- Around this time, the disturbances break out in Omi and Kyo, Katsushiro remembers Miyagi.
- 夜12時頃に、倉石大尉の一隊は山口少佐の一行と合流した。
- Around 0 a.m. the troop of Captain Kuraishi joined the party of Major Yamaguchi.
- 和漢朗詠集は、平安時代末期頃から注釈の対象となっていた。
- Wakan Roei Shu has been a subject of commentaries since around the late Heian period.
- 幼い頃、姉の女一宮と共に紫の上に育てられる(「若菜」)。
- When he was young, he was brought up with his older sister, Onna Ichi no Miya, by Murasaki no ue ('Wakana').
- 五月雨の頃、源氏は故桐壺帝の妃の一人麗景殿女御を訪ねる。
- In the early summer rainy season, Genji visited Reikeiden no nyogo (Lady Reikeiden), one of the Empresses of the late Kiritsubotei (Emperor Kiritsubo).
- この頃まだ俀國は、外交儀礼に疎く、国書も持たず遣使した。
- At that time, Wakoku was not familiar with diplomatic etiquette, and the envoy went to Sui without the sovereign's message.
- 成立時期は11世紀後半から12世紀頃とされるが不明である。
- Nihongi Ryaku is said to have been created between the latter half of the 11th century and the 12th century but the exact time is unknown.
- また、この頃関東では、上杉憲実により足利学校が再興される。
- And in the Kanto during this same period, Norizane UESUGI worked to restore the Ashikaga Academy.
- そのため、1960年代後半頃からその限界が指摘され始めた。
- Therefore, their limitations have begun to be pointed out since the latter half of 1960s.
- 一説には延喜20年(920年)の頃に廃止されたともされる。
- According to an opinion, rhe Korokan was disused around 920.
- 永保元年(1081年)から康和2年(1100年)頃に成立。
- It was compiled between ca. 1081 and 1100.
- 五月雨の降る頃の夜の闇のことを五月闇(さつきやみ)という。
- Darkness in the night in the period in which samidare falls is called satsukiyami (literally, darkness in May).
- 「雍州府志」によると、江戸時代頃には小山とも呼ばれていた。
- According to 'Yoshu-shoshi' (a book describing various aspects of Yamashiro Province), this mountain was also called Mt. Oyama (小山).
- 1965年(昭和40年)頃より行政用語として使われている。
- Nantan has been used as an administrative term since around 1965.
- 延享元年(1744)の祈祷札がありこの頃の建築とみられる。
- An ofuda talisman dated 1744 was found, which shows the residence was constructed around that time.
- 武田信玄の頃には領国拡大し中央の織田・徳川勢力に対抗する。
- During the era of Shingen Takeda, the clan expanded its territory and confronted the coalition of Oda and Tokugawa.
- 阿波細川氏は14世紀中頃、細川頼之の弟・細川詮春に始まる。
- The Awa Hosokawa family started with Akiharu HOSOKAWA, a younger brother of Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, around the middle of 14th century.
- 流浪したがいつの頃からかは定かではないが徳川家康に仕える。
- After that, Masaharu wandered Japan until he began serving Ieyasu TOKUGAWA from time unknown.
- この頃から、和歌というと短歌形式のものをさすようになった。
- Subsequently, Waka became a synonym for Tanka.
- 梅雨の頃、夕霧 (源氏物語)に紫の上の一周忌の手配を頼む。
- Around the rainy season, he asks Yugiri to arrange for the first anniversary of Murasaki no ue's death.
- この頃から、与謝蕪村・高井几圭の子高井几董らと付き合った。
- It was around this time that he came to know Buson YOSA and Kito TAKAI, a son of Kikei TAKAI.
- 一説に天仁2年(1109年)5月頃の完成とする見方もある。
- There are some who believe the book was completed around approximately June of 1109.
- この頃彼女は13歳で、更級日記はこの頃からはじまっている。
- Around this time, she was thirteen, and began to write Sarashina Nikki.
- この頃、周防地区では第二奇兵隊(南奇兵隊)も作られている。
- Around this time, the second Kiheitai Army (south Kiheitai Army) was also formed in Suo Province.
- 河内源氏が東国に足掛かりを持つようになったのもこの頃である。
- At this time, Kawachi-Genji began to establish a toehold in the east.
- 夜が明けた頃には鬼はすっかり頭髪を引き剥がされて逃げ去った。
- By morning, the ogre had been completely skinned and had run off.
- この頃、後白河は統子内親王の女房・小弁(平滋子)を寵愛した。
- During this period, Emperor Goshirakawa favored Princess Toshi's wife, Koben (TAIRA no Shigeko) over others.
- さらに半世紀後の一条天皇の頃に、『拾遺和歌集』が撰進された。
- More 50 years later, around the reign of Emperor Ichijo, 'Shui wakashu (Collection of Gleanings)' was compiled and dedicated to the emperor.
- その頃には歌人として評判を得ており「歌仙落書」に入っている。
- By then she already had a good reputation as a poetess, and she was selected for 'kasen rakugaki.'
- 洋式製本による出版は、その頃から最近まで、繰り返されている。
- Books bound in Western style have been repeatedly published since then till quite recently.
- しかし、この頃から「信心せよ」との啓示を夢に見るようになる。
- However, around this time she came to have revelations in her dreams which told her 'to have faith.'
- 大嘗祭の儀式の形が定まったのは、7世紀の皇極天皇の頃とされる。
- It is also said that the ritual outlines of Onie no matsuri Festival were established around the era of the Empress Kogyoku in the seventh century.
- 明治に入ってからも昭和初年頃まで和算の伝統をひいて継承された。
- The culture, along with the tradition of wasan (Japanese mathematics), was passed down from the Meiji Period to the beginning of the Showa Period.
- この頃、江戸幕府と討幕派は、それぞれ朝廷への工作を強めていた。
- During this time both the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and the opposition force that tried to overthrow the Shogunate strongly approached the Imperial Palace for political maneuvering.
- 1276年(建治2年) この頃、京都の油販売を山崎神人が独占。
- 1276: The sale of oil was dominated by the jinin (shrine dependents) in Yamazaki.
- 鎌倉時代中頃、藤原氏藤原北家嫡流の近衛家実の四男鷹司兼平が祖。
- The original forefather was Kanehira TAKATSUKASA, the fourth son of Iezane KONOE of the Konoe Family, which was the main line of the House of Fujiwara North of the Fujiwara clan, in the mid-Kamakura period.
- 浅野氏が紀伊国を支配していた頃は、一族の浅野知近が領していた。
- Tomochika ASANO ruled Kii Province while it was under the control of the Asano clan.
- また若い頃に書いた「うたたね」は失恋の顛末を記した日記である。
- Also, 'Utatane' (Fitful Slumbers) that she wrote in her youth is a diary noting details of her broken heart.
- 十代の頃の光源氏が知り合い、影響を受けた女性たちの一人である。
- She is one of the women whom Hikaru Genji gets to know while in his teens and is influenced by.
- 近頃、頭中将の姫君である近江の君の悪評が世間の噂になっていた。
- Recently, a rumor about the bad reputation of Omi no Kimi, one of the daughters of To no Chujo, had widely spread in public.
- 若い頃に比叡山で篭居して天台教学を学び、その後高野山でも修行。
- While still young, he resided on Mt. Hiei, where he studied Tendai teachings, and also studied at Mt. Koya thereafter.
- 水上勉は舞鶴市で教員をしていた頃、犯人と実際に会っているという。
- Tsutomu MIZUKAMI said that he in fact met this criminal when he was a teacher in Maizuru City.
- 和漢朗詠集:寛仁2年(1018年)頃に藤原公任が編集した漢詩集。
- Wakan roei shu (Collection of Japanese and Chinese poems to sing) :A collection of Chinese poems edited by FUJIWARA no Kinto around 1018.
- 天正4年(1576年)5月頃から織田方の切り崩し工作が始まった。
- Around June 1576, the Oda army began a maneuver to break it up.
- 1月頃 豪雪のため飛行訓練不能、福岡海軍航空隊に疎開し訓練続行。
- Around January, extraordinarily heavy snow made the flight training impossible, so the men were moved to the Fukuoka Naval Air Base for training.
- 愚老若き頃、其山臥物 語せられしは、我関東より毎年大峯へのぼる。
- When I was young, the yamabushi said to me 'I used to visit Mount Omine from Kanto every year'.
- 本格的な攻城戦は同年12月8日酉刻(午後六時頃)からはじまった。
- Full-scale attack to the castle began around six o'clock in the evening on January 15, 1579.
- 政変や失火のためたびたび焼失し、平安中期頃から再建されていない。
- The Palace was burnt down either due to a political incident or there some accidental fire, it has not been rebuilt since middle of the Heian period.
- ウメの名所であり、見頃を迎えると遠方からも多くの観光客が訪れる。
- It is famous as plum tree viewing spot, and there are many visitors from a long distance when plum trees are in bloom.
- 三和ふれあいフェスティバル(11月第3日曜日頃)(三和町役場前)
- Miwa Fureai Festival (held on around the third Sunday of November in front of the Miwa Town Hall)
- 細川頼之の弟・頼有の子孫が14世紀中頃から和泉守護を代々務めた。
- Descendants of Yoriari, a younger brother of Yoriyuki, successively filled the post of Izumi Shugo from the mid 14th century.
- 慶長丁銀慶長豆板銀(元和 (日本)6年頃(1620年)、80%)
- Keicho Chogin Keicho Mameitagin (around 1620, 80%)
- この風潮は、11世紀中頃にはいると、改められるようになってきた。
- This evil practice began to be improved in the middle of the eleventh century.
- 午前2時頃、この事態を重く見た行軍指導部は部隊の帰営を決定する。
- About 2 a.m. Army officers decided to return to the post, taking the matter seriously.
- もっとも古いものとされる慈光寺本の成立は鎌倉中期頃と推定される。
- Jiko-ji bon, which seems to be the oldest manuscript, is presumed to have been completed in the mid-Kamakura period.
- 家康の頃はキリスト教は禁止されてはいたものの貿易は推奨されていた。
- In Ieyasu's era, Christianity was banned but trade with Portugal and Spain was not prohibited.
- 12世紀に入る頃から、国衙は本格的に荘園拡大対策に取り組み始めた。
- From the beginning of the twelfth century, kokuga began to put in serious efforts to tackle the expansion of shoen.
- 三代将軍足利義満の頃、南北朝は合一するが、事実上南朝の吸収である。
- The Northern and Southern Courts were unified when Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was the third Shogun, but it was in fact the Southern Court which was taken over by the Northern Court.
- 738年(天平10年)頃には大宝令の私的注釈書「古記」が生まれた。
- Around 738, 'Koki' (ancient records), a private commentary on the Taihoryo (law of Taiho), was published.
- 奥羽越列藩同盟に迎えられた頃に即位したというのは以下の研究による。
- According to the following studies, Prince Yoshihisa was believed to ascend the throne when he was accepted in Ouetsu-reppan alliance.
- 西条吉良の義尭の頃であり、遠江国の拠点である引間荘を奪われている。
- It was around the era of Yoshitaka of Saijokira, Saijokira lost Hikumanosho which was their home ground in Totomi Province.
- 昭和19年12月頃 甲飛第15期前期の一部、清水海軍航空隊に転出。
- Around December 1944, a part of the first half of the 15th group of the Ko-type of the preparatory pilot training course was transferred to Shimizu Naval Air Corps.
- 過所(かしょ)とは、中国の漢代より唐代の頃に用いられた通行許可証。
- Kasho refers to a passport used from the age of the Han dynasty to around the period of Tang Dynasty in China.
- その後も絶えず加筆され、寛弘末年頃に執筆されたと見られる文もある。
- After that, she wrote continuously, and some records say the book was written around 1012.
- 1008年(寛弘5年)頃に一条天皇の中宮上東門院藤原彰子に仕えた。
- Around 1008 she served Jotomonin FUJIWARA no Shoshi (also known as Akiko), Imperial Consort of Emperor Ichijo.
- 鎌倉時代頃には「将門合戦章」、「将門合戦状」と呼ばれたようである。
- It seems that during the Kamakura period, it was referred to as the 'Shomon kassen sho' or the 'Shomon kassen jo.'
- しかし10世紀中期頃、国衙行政は在庁官人の手で運営されるようになる。
- However, in the middle of the 10th century, zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods) started to manage kokuga (provincial government offices).
- 門脇禎二によれば、『丹後王国』は4世紀中・末期頃から5世紀が最盛期。
- According to Teiji KADOWAKI, the peak of 'Tango Kingdom' was the mid to late fourth century to the fifth century.
- 762年(天平宝字6年)頃、淡海三船は歴代天皇の漢風諡号を撰進した。
- Around 762, OMI no Mifune selected and presented Chinese-style posthumous names for emperors in the past.
- 京都・法金剛院 阿弥陀如来坐像(重要文化財)大治5年(1130年)頃
- Seated statue of Amida Nyorai, Hokongo-in Temple, Kyoto (an important cultural property) around 1130
- 室町時代頃より「納戸」という呼び名が代わりに用いられるようになった。
- Instead of Osamedono, the term 'nando' came to be used from the Muromachi period.
- 永仁2年(1294年)6月頃、後宇多上皇の御所冷泉万里小路殿へ移る。
- Around in July, 1294 she moved to the Retired Emperor's Palace in Reizei Madenokoji of the Retired Emperor Gouda.
- 江戸時代の初め頃から神武天皇陵を探し出そうという動きが起こっていた。
- There was a movement to find out the place of Emperor Jimmu's Mausoleum in the early Edo period.
- 正確な年は不明だが、590年前後頃に異母兄の押坂彦人大兄皇子と結婚。
- Although the exact year is unknown, around 590, she married Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko, who was her older paternal half-brother.
- この間593年(推古天皇元年)頃に後の舒明天皇こと田村皇子を儲ける。
- During the marriage, around 593, she bore the Prince Tamura, who was later to become the Emperor Jomei.
- ようやく勝家が軍を率いて江北に着いた頃、既に明智光秀は討たれていた。
- When Katsuie arrived Kohoku at last, Mitsuhide AKECHI had already been killed.
- 5月28日午前10時頃、和木の真島沖にイルティッシュ号が姿を見せた。
- Around 10:00 am on May 28, the Irtysh appeared off Cape Mashima in Waki town.
- 1900年1月23日午前3時頃、光明寺村の織物工場で火災が発生した。
- At about three o'clock in the morning on January 23, 1900, a fire broke out in a textile factory in Komyoji-mura Village.
- 翁が見つけた子供はどんどん大きくなり、三ヶ月ほどで年頃の娘になった。
- The child whom the Okina has found grows bigger and bigger, and reaches adolescence in three months.
- その頃、久秀は実力をもって大和守護を自称して大和国の平定に動いていた。
- By then, Hisahide had appointed himself the Governor of Yamato Province by virtue of physical force, and been trying to place the province under his rule.
- この頃の江戸の姿を伝える地図としては『別本慶長江戸図』が知られている。
- The most famous map of Edo in this period isThe 'Beppon Keicho Edo zu,'is known as a map that reveals Edo as it was.
- 群馬県沼田市で、古墳時代後期(6世紀中頃)の棚田遺構が見つかっている。
- Ancient structural remnants of Tanada in the latter part of the Kofun period (the middle of the 6th century) were discovered in Numata City, Gunma Prefecture.
- 1540年頃には牙符は恒常的に対馬に置かれていたものと考えられている。
- It was considered that Gafu were always placed in Tsushima around 1540.
- 679年頃に甥である草壁皇子と結婚、草壁皇子は即位する事無く早世した。
- Around 679, she got married to her nephew, Kusakabe no miko, but he died young before enthronement.
- 楽只軒は前述の朱宮御所の一部で、1668年(寛文8年)頃の造営である。
- Rakushiken is a part of the Akenomiya Palace which is described earlier and was built around 1668.
- この頃、京都は上京と下京に分かれ、それぞれ「構」によって囲まれていた。
- During this period, Kyoto was divided into Kamigyo (the northern part of capital) and Shimogyo (the southern part of capital), and each part was surrounded by 'fortifications.'
- 幼少の頃、源氏に見出されて養育され、葵の上亡き後、事実上の正妻となる。
- When she was a child she was discovered and brought up by Genji, but after the death of Aoi no Ue she becomes a virtual wife of Genji.
- 2歳年上の従姉である内大臣の娘雲居雁と幼少の頃恋をし、のち夫人とする。
- He grows to love his two-year-older cousin Kumoi no Kari, a daughter of Naidaijin, and eventually he marries her.
- いずれにしても宗尊親王の頃までには前半の編纂も終わっていることになる。
- At any rate, the former half of the work is supposed to have been completed around the time of the rule of Imperial Prince Munetaka.
- 中国では、紀元前1150年頃に「塵雨」と呼ばれていたことがわかっている。
- It is known that, in China, present kosa was called 'chenyu' (dust rain) in around 1150 BC.
- 酒井兵庫……1864年の池田屋事変以降、1865年7月頃に脱走し、斬殺。
- Hyogo SAKAI: After the Ikedaya Incident in 1864, deserted the group in about July 1865, and was killed
- 同年10月15日亥刻(午後十時頃)織田信長軍は有岡城に総攻撃を開始した。
- Around ten o'clock in the night on November 13, 1579, troops of Nobunaga ODA commenced to mount a full-scale attack on Arioka-jo Castle.
- この頃、三好之長の専横に反発する畿内の勢力は細川高国の元に結集していた。
- During this time, the forces in kinai (the five provinces in the immediate vicinity of Kyoto) opposing the tyranny of Yukinaga MIYOSHI rallied behind Takakuni HOSOKAWA.
- またこの頃から新嘗祭と大嘗祭の区別などがされ、現在にまで継承されている。
- The Daijo-sai festival (a festival to celebrate the succession of an emperor) was separated from the Niiname-sai festival (ceremonial offering by the Emperor of newly-harvested rice to the deities) around this time and still is today.
- ちなみに、マラリアに罹患していたとする説が、明治34年頃には、存在した。
- There was a theory that he had contracted malaria about 1901.
- この頃松田一族は各地に分散し、備前松田氏は北朝方の室町幕府に属していた。
- At that time, the Matsuda family spread across various areas, and the Bizen Matsuda clan belonged to the Muromachi Shogunate in the Northern Court.
- 7世紀中頃に創建された観世音寺の遺構が太宰府の条坊と正確に一致している。
- The structural remnants of Kanzeon-ji Temple which were constructed around the middle of the seventh century corresponded exactly to the jobo of Dazi-fu.
- 昭和11~12年(1936~37年)頃(諸伝あり)、不敬罪で起訴される。
- Around 1936 or 1937 (there are several theories), he was indicted for defamation of royalty.
- それぞれの話の時代は奈良時代が多く、古いものは雄略天皇の頃とされている。
- Times for many of the anecdotes were set in the Nara period and it is said that the older ones go back to approximately the days of Emperor Yuryaku.
- 武士は自身の首は敵将に供せられることを覚悟し常日頃身だしなみに気を使った。
- Samurai were prepared that their heads would be taken to the enemy anytime, therefore they always paid particular attention to grooming.
- 同じ頃、杉若勢も三宝寺河原(現上富田町)で山本勢に敗れ、討伐戦は頓挫する。
- Around the same time, the Sugiwaka troops were also defeated by the Yamamoto troops at Sanpojigawara (Sanpoji shores) (present Kamitonda-cho), which interrupted punitive expedition.
- 尚、この制限は文官任用制度が確立した明治18年(1885年)頃まで続いた。
- This policy was in effect until bunkan ninyoseido (government officials recruitement system) was established in 1885.
- この頃は、諸国行政の実権が中央から国衙に大幅に委ねられるようになっていた。
- This was the time when the actual provincial administrative power were drastically passed from the central government to the kokuga.
- 天長元年(824年)頃に阿保親王の妃となり、同2年(825年)業平を産む。
- She became the wife of Imperial Prince Abo around 824, and gave birth to Narihira in 825.
- 6歳の頃、尊雲法親王として、天台宗三門跡の一つである梶井門跡三千院に入る。
- He entered Kajii Monzeki Manzen-in Temple, one of three monzeki (temple formerly led by founder of sect, temple in which resided a member of nobility or imperial family members) of the Tendai sect as Cloistered Imperial Prince Sonun at the age of around six.
- またこの頃より、天武天皇の皇子たちは病気見舞いや弔問にしばしば遣わされた。
- Furthermore, around that time on, sons of Emperor Tenmu were frequently made to visit sick people or to make calls of condolence.
- 定員が8名の頃、92名の次侍従が置かれ、侍従と併せて100名の定員とした。
- In the period that eight chamberlains served at the Imperial Court, they also had 92 associate chamberlains, so there were 100 chamberlains in total.
- 息長宿禰王(おきながのすくねのみこ、生没年不詳)は、2世紀頃の日本の皇族。
- Okinaga no sukune no miko (息長宿禰王; year of birth and death unknown; around the second century) was a member of the Imperial family.
- 宝塚大劇場や阪神甲子園球場が開場したのはこの頃である(阪神間モダニズム)。
- The Takarazuka Grand Theater and the Hanshin Koshien Stadium were constructed around this time (Hanshin-kan Modernism: Modernism between Osaka and Kobe).
- 掌典長により宮中三殿で、剣璽等承継の儀が執り行われていた頃に執り行われた。
- There was a ceremony organized by the Chief Ritualist to pass the Sword and Jewel to the Three Shrines in the Imperial Court.
- 梅雨の語源としては、この時期は梅の実が熟す頃であることからという説がある。
- With respect to the origin of the word 'baiu,' there is a view that as fruits of Japanese apricot (written as '梅') mature in this season, it is called baiu (written as '梅雨').
- この頃から「安藤」の表記を「安東」とする例が多くなるが理由は明らかでない。
- From around this time, their surname 'Ando' came to be written frequently as '安東,' rather than '安藤,' however, the reason is not known.
- 夜5時頃倉石大尉が気づいた時には大橋中尉、永井軍医が行方不明となっていた。
- Lieutenant Ohashi and army surgeon Nagai had already disappeared when Captain Kuraishi realized it around 5 p.m.
- また同じ頃、武田崇元(武内裕)は「偽書」「偽史」「偽典」などといっていた。
- At around the same time, Sugen TAKEDA (Yu TAKEUCHI) called them 'gisho (pseudo-document),' 'gishi (pseudo-history)' or 'giten (pseudo- book).'
- この頃、米国総領事タウンゼント・ハリスが通商条約・調印を幕府に迫っていた。
- At this time, Townsend HARRIS, the USA council general, urged the Japanese government to enter into the Treaty of Amity and Commerce.
- 飛鳥浄御原令や大宝律令が制定され、本格的な国家が始動しだした頃でもあった。
- It was also the time when the Asuka Kiyomihara Code and the Taiho Code were established, and the genuine nation began.
- 東大寺山古墳は全長140メートルの前方後円墳で、4世紀後半頃に築造された。
- Todaijiyama Tumulus is a large keyhole-shaped tomb mound whose total length is 140 meters long, and was built around the latter half of the fourth century.
- 644年頃には黄砂が混ざったと見られる赤い雪が降ったという記録も残っている。
- There also remains a record that red snow, considered being snow mixed with kosa, fell around 644.
- ただ頼朝の頃から、守護が在庁官人を指揮して大田文(土地台帳)を作成していた。
- It is notable that the provincial constables had Zaicho kanjin (local district officials) prepare Ota bumi (land ledgers) from the time of Yoritomo.
- 14世紀頃から16世紀頃までは室町時代と呼ばれ、京都の室町に幕府が置かれた。
- The era from the 14th century to the 16th century is called the Muromachi period, and the bakufu was placed in Muromachi of Kyoto.
- その頃、義弘に同心した土岐詮直が挙兵して尾張国へ討ち入り、美濃国へ侵攻した。
- Around this time, Akinau TOKI, who had formed an alliance with Yoshihiro, raised an army and invaded Owari Province, penetrating as far as Mino Province.
- 正親町天皇は天正元年(1573年)頃から信長にその存在を疎まれるようになる。
- Nobunaga started minding Emperor Ogimachi in 1573.
- 幕末の頃から温泉宿がいくつか並び、街道を往来する旅人の良い宿場となっていた。
- Since the end of Edo Period, a few hot-spring hotels have stood in a row to be a good posting station for travelers coming in and going out on the road.
- 同じ頃、平安京の朝廷でも大覚寺統と持明院統による皇位継承争いが激化していた。
- Around the same time, in the Imperial court in Heian-kyo Capital as well, the struggle between Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama) and Jimyoin-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Fukakusa) to succeed the emperor had become serious.
- 午前10時頃、三上中尉率いる小隊が大滝平付近で雪中に立つ後藤伍長を発見した。
- Around 10 a.m. the platoon led by Lieutenant Mikami found Corporal Goto standing in the snow near Otakidaira.
- 慶長年間に最盛期であった金銀の産出は寛永年間を過ぎた頃から陰りが見え始めた。
- The production of gold and silver that was in its prime during Keicho era started to deteriorate after Kanei era.
- 平安中期頃、中央政界からあぶれた武士身分の下級貴族が多数、地方へ下向してきた。
- In around the mid-Heian period, a number of lower-ranking noblemen with samurai status, who were left out of the central political world, went down to the provinces.
- 9世紀・10世紀頃になると、各地で富豪と呼ばれる有力農民が登場・成長していた。
- In the ninth or tenth century, powerful farmers called fugo appeared and continued to increase their strength in various areas of the country.
- 法界寺阿弥陀堂:永承5年(1050年)頃、日野資業が自分の別荘を寺にしたもの。
- Amida Hall of Hokai-ji Temple: Originally a second house owned by Sukenari HINO, transformed into a temple by him around 1050.
- 「お」と「を」の間に音韻上の区別がなくなったのも11世紀末頃と考えられている。
- The phonological distinction between 'o' and 'wo' was considered to have faded out around the end of the 11th century.
- 光格天皇の頃は朝廷権威の復興を望み、幕府との間に尊号一件が起こるなど折衝した。
- Around the time of Emperor Kokaku, the Imperial Court tried to regain its authority, and negotiations, such as the Songo Case (an effort by the emperor to give an honorary title), were conducted with the Shogunate.
- その後も長く病に苦しんだが、一方で幼い頃から和歌の才能に優れていたといわれる。
- While she suffered from ailments long afterwards, she displayed a talent for poetry from an early age.
- 「武家と町家に日頃から遺恨重なる旗本の、白柄組に引けをとるわけにはいかない。」
- He determines to go there, saying, 'There has been a bitter grudge between the samurai class and ordinary people, so, we should not feel inferior to Shiratsuka-gumi, hatamoto.
- 13世紀中頃以降は元冦という大事件があったものの、政治体制は一応安定していた。
- Its regime remained stable enough despite the Genko (Mongol Invasions of Japan) incidents in and after the middle of the 13th century.
- 豊臣秀吉は天正13年の関白就任時頃より、諸大名らに豊臣・羽柴の姓を与え始めた。
- Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI started to give the family names of TOYOTOMI and HASHIBA to territorial lords around the time he became Kanpaku in 1585.
- 幕府が「将軍を頂点とする中央政府」を意味するようになったのは江戸時代中頃から。
- Bakufu started to mean 'the feudal government headed by a shogun' from around the mid-Edo period.
- 若い頃から博学で有名で、20代で日本最初の分類体辞典『和名類聚抄』を編纂した。
- Famed for erudition since his youth, he compiled the 'Wamyo ruijusho' (Kango-Japanese Dictionary) in his twenties, which was the first categorical dictionary in Japan.
- 里には里正が置かれたが、740年(天平12)頃を境に里は廃止され郷制に移行した。
- Each village had a head of village called 'risei' but villages were abolished circa 740 and replaced by the gosei (township system).
- この頃になると日朝双方とも財政難であり、経費節減志向でようやく一致したのである。
- Both Japan and Korea entered an era of financial difficulty at that time, and the timing was finally consented because they came to have the same cost-saving viewpoint.
- 797年(延暦16年)頃に国司交替の際に行政実績を監査する勘解由使が設置された。
- Around 797, kageyushi was introduced to audit results of the administration when a kokushi (provincial governor) was to be replaced.
- 上記に見た王朝国家体制のあり方に、11世紀中期頃から変質が見られるようになった。
- The status of Dynastic polity explained above started to change from the mid-11th century.
- 6世紀中頃ヤマトの出雲征討に伴いヤマト王権の支配下に入っていったと想定している。
- He assumes that the kingdom came under control of Yamato sovereignty along with the conquest of Izumo by Yamato in the mid sixth century.
- 朝鮮軍は6月20日昼頃に対馬の尾崎浦(朝鮮王朝実録には豆知浦とある)附近へ上陸。
- At around noon on June 20, the Korean army landed in the vicinity of Osaki inlet (according to the True Record of the Joseon Dynasty, it was at Mamejiru inlet).
- 日高郡 (和歌山県)でも3月23、24日頃には上方勢が来襲し、湯河領に侵攻した。
- In Hidaka County (Wakayama Prefecture) the Kamigata army arrived and invaded the territory of the Yukawa clan around April 22 or 23.
- 多数の小国家に分かれていた日本には、この頃から強大な権力をもった王権が成立する。
- Japan had been divided into small states, but around this period, a powerful royal authority was established.
- 16世紀中頃から銀山の開発および灰吹法の普及により国内の銀の産出が急増し始めた。
- From the mid sixth century, the silver production in Japan increased rapidly because of silver mine development and the development of cupellation-refining skills.
- また、頃から世界に先駆けて大坂(大阪)の堂島において先物取引がおこなわれていた。
- From around 1620, futures transactions were conducted at Dojima, Osaka ahead of other countries.
- 例えば、意味で分類した用語集の『下学集』(文安元年(1444年)頃成立)がある。
- For example, 'Kagaku-shu' (published around 1444) was a glossary in which the words were classified according to their meanings.
- 文化 (元号)文政の頃、京都で活躍した盲人音楽家松浦検校作曲の手事物地歌、箏曲。
- This is a Jiuta piece in the Tegotomono style, composed for koto by a blind musician Matsuua Kengyo around the Bunka-Bunsei eras.
- 頃に、落雷により本丸が焼失したと、ルイス・フロイスが著書『日本史』に記している。
- Luis FROIS recorded in his book 'Nihonshi' (The History of Japan) that Honmaru was burnt down due to a lightning strike around the year 1579.
- この頃制作された書道作品としては、『西本願寺本三十六人家集』(国宝)が知られる。
- 'Nishi-Honganji-bon Sanju-rokunin-kashu' (a national treasure) is famous as a masterpiece of calligraphy created around this time.
- さらに11世紀頃の記録には、直衣・下襲・表袴・石帯を用いた「直衣束帯」が見える。
- According to records from the 11th century, there was a style called 'Noshi Sokutai' where people wore Noshi, Shitagasane, ue no hakama, Sekitai.
- 摂関期の頃には家政機関として別当・家令・知家事・案主・侍・書吏などが設置された。
- During the regents and chancellors period, Betto, Karei, Chikeji, Anju, Samurai and Shori were established as domestic governing institutions.
- またこの頃は題詠が盛んに行われていたことにより、より華やかな技巧にあふれている。
- Moreover, around this time poems full of flowery poetic devices were composed because daiei (poetry composed on a set theme) events were held frequently.
- 一条天皇の時代、正暦4年(993年)冬頃から、私的な女房として藤原定子に仕えた。
- Around the winter of 993, during the reign of Emperor Ichijo, she began to serve FUJIWARA no Teishi/Sadako as a court lady.
- 鎌倉中期頃の成立で、山城の慈光寺に伝わったとされることから、慈光寺本と呼ばれる。
- Because it was completed around the mid-Kamakura period and has been passed down in the Jiko-ji Temple in Yamashiro, it is called Jiko-ji bon.
- 美術史家の小松茂美は第二種の筆者を源兼行(1023-1074頃活動)と推定した。
- The art historian Shigemi KOMATSU has postulated that the calligrapher of the second style was MINAMOTO no Kaneyuki (active around 1023-1074).
- 祐子内親王(後朱雀天皇第三皇女)に仕え、長久元年(1040年)頃、橘俊通と結婚。
- She served Imperial Princess Yushi (the third princess of Emperor Gosuzaku), and around 1040 she got married to TACHIBANA no Toshimichi.
- 源氏の父桐壺帝の麗景殿女御を姉に持ち、源氏とは若い頃から関係があったと見られる。
- Genji's father's Reikeiden no nyogo, Kiritsubotei was her elder sister and seems to have been associated with Genji from her earlier years.
- 国衙領(こくがりょう)は、平安時代中期頃以降の公領を、荘園に対して呼ぶ歴史学用語。
- Kokugaryo is a historical term referring to koryo (an Imperial demesne) after around the mid-Heian period, differentiated from shoen (manor in medieval Japan).
- 初期農耕文化の時代であり、おおよそ紀元前3世紀から紀元後3世紀頃までの期間を指す。
- The Yayoi period falls under the age of the early agrarian culture, and ranged from about the third century B.C. to about the third century A.D.
- 初めの頃は大倭と書かれ、奈良時代の天平9年から10年間大養徳と字を改めた事がある。
- Initially, it was written as '大倭' but was changed to '大養徳' for ten years from 737 during the Nara period.
- 慶長小判慶長一分判(慶長6年(1601年)頃、1.19匁、84.3%→86.8%)
- Keicho koban Keicho ichibuban (around 1601, 1.19 monme [a unit of weight], 84.3%=>86.8%)
- この説によれば、不改常典はその頃まで一般的だった兄弟継承を否定するために作られた。
- According this theory, Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten was elaborated in order to reject the succession of the throne from the elder brother to his little brother, which was a form of succession frequently practiced until around that time.
- 別の説では、1500年頃、小瀬付近の鮎漁権を握っていた足立新兵衛が始めたともいう。
- Some people assert that Oze ukai was inaugurated around in 1500 by Shinbei ADACHI, a person who held the right of ayu fishing at Oze.
- 明治時代の頃までは、毎年正月の修正会でこの像に白粉を塗る行事が行われていたという。
- Until around the Meiji period, an event of painting this statue with white powder was held at Shusho-e (New Year's Service) during New Year Holidays every year.
- この頃から南朝側歌人の和歌を集めた和歌集の編集を開始していたが、再び出家している。
- He started an edition of the anthology of waka poems from poets of the Southern Court, but after a while he went returned to the priesthood again.
- また、秀長を継いだ秀保もこの頃死に、豊臣宗家を支える血族の藩屏は存在しなくなった。
- In addition, Hideyasu, who succeeded Hidenaga also died around that time, and the blood relatives that could be a guarding wall to support the head family of Toyotomi disappeared.
- 幼少の頃から輝くばかりの美貌と才能に恵まれ、「光る君(ひかるきみ)」と綽名される。
- Being blessed with shining beauty and talent as a child, he was given the nickname 'Hikaru Kimi' (literally, shining prince).
- 貞和二年(1346年)頃、風雅集編纂のために貞和百首が詠進され、選考資料となった。
- In 1346, 100 poems of Jowa were offered for reference in order to compile Fugashu.
- 北朝 (日本)の貞和二年(1346)十一月九日、竟宴が催され、同四年頃までに成立。
- On December 30, 1346 (Japanese Northern Dynasty), a party after poetry selection was held, therefore the anthology should have been completed by around 1348.
- この頃には、惣村の形成に見られるように、百姓らの自治・連帯意識が非常に高まっていた。
- During this period, the level of awareness of self-governing and solidarity was rapidly raised among peasants and other commoners, as shown in the formation of soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association).
- 元亀4年(1573年)1月頃から信玄が持病を悪化させたために武田軍の進軍は停滞する。
- However, Shingen's chronic disease worsened around February (January in old lunar calendar) in 1573, and Takeda's army stopped moving.
- さらに渤海国が遼によって滅亡(926年)したのち施設は衰え、鎌倉時代の頃に消失した。
- After the collapse of the Balhae Kingdom under the Liao dynasty in 926, Korokan had gone into steady decline to fade out from history around the Kamakura period.
- 息長真手王(おきながのまてのおおきみ、生没年不詳)は5世紀から6世紀頃の日本の皇族。
- Prince Okinaga no Mate (Okinaga no Mate no Okimi; his date of birth and death were unknown) was a Japanese Imperial family during the fifth to sixth century.
- 貧しい家の娘、お菊は弟の文弥が幼い頃、石の上に誤って落としてしまい失明させてしまう。
- Okiku, a daughter of a poor family, accidentally dropped her younger baby brother Bunya on a stone, which made him blind.
- 歌道の家であった二条派出身の母から生まれたことにより、幼い頃から和歌に親しんでいた。
- Since his mother was from the Nijo school which was a popular poet's family, he was used to being exposed to poems when he was small.
- 明石家さんまと島田紳助の二人が駆け出しの頃、八瀬遊園地に揃って営業で来たことがある。
- Sanma AKASHIYA and Shinsuke SHIMADA came to Yase Amusement Park together to perform a stand-up comedy when both of them had just joined the show business.
- また、7世紀頃までの武蔵は「无射志」(むざし)と表記されていた記録も見つかっている。
- Additionally, it has been found that Musashi was represented differently, as the kanji 'Muzashi,' until the seventh century.
- 100畝中国の畝が1頃であり、畝は5尺四方の120倍(古代は100平方歩)であった。
- 1 qing equaled to 100 mu (Chinese area unit) and 1 mu was 120 times as large as 5 square chi (And in ancient times, mu was 100 square bu.)
- 諸国牧・近都牧がいつ設置されたのかは定かではないが、飛鳥時代の頃だと考えられている。
- It is not clear when shokokumaki and kintomaki were established, but it is believed that they were established around the Asuka period.
- 初期の頃の吾郷清彦は「超古代文書」という言い方を好み、「古史古伝」とは言わなかった。
- Initially, Kiyohiko AGO preferred the expression 'chokodai monjo' but did not use 'koshi koden.'
- 五月雨の頃、蛍兵部卿宮から玉鬘 (源氏物語)に文が届き、源氏はそれに返事を書かせた。
- Around the time of the early summer rains, a letter arrived for Tamakazura from Hotaru Hyobukyonomiya, so Genji had her write a reply.
- なお、記紀編纂の基本史料となった『帝紀』、『旧辞』は7世紀頃の成立と考えられている。
- In addition, it is thought that 'Teiki' (a genealogy of the Imperial Family) and 'Kyuji' (a record of stories current at court) which were the basic historical materials for the compilation of Kojiki and the Nihonshoki were established around the seventh century.
- 『花伝書』との通称が使われていた頃もあったが、後の研究の結果、現在では誤称とされる。
- The term 'Kadensho' was used at one time, but as a result of subsequent research, the term is understood today as a misnomer.
- 和泉監と芳野監は716年頃特別行政区画・行政組織としてそれぞれ河内・大和から独立した。
- Izumi Gen and Yoshino Gen were special administrative areas/administrative organization systems that became independent from Kawachi Province and Yamato Province respectively around 716.
- そのため、11世紀中期頃から中央政府は財政収入の確保を図って現実的な政策を採り始めた。
- Therefore, since around the middle of eleventh century, the central government began to adopt realistic policies in order to secure its financial revenue.
- この頃の日本列島人は縄文式土器を作り、早期以降定住化が進んでおもに竪穴式住居に住んだ。
- During this period, people in the Japanese islands made Jomon-style earthenware, and increasingly more people came to live in fixed places, mostly in pit dwellings.
- 8世紀末頃から12世紀末頃までは平安時代と呼ばれ、桓武天皇の築いた平安京が都とされた。
- The era from around the end of the eighth century to around the end of twelfth century is called the Heian period, with the Heian-kyo constructed by Emperor Kanmu as the national capital.
- たまりかねた高麗王朝は1375年頃から新たに強力な戦艦を建造して水軍の増強をはかった。
- Reaching the end of its patience, the Goryeo dynasty tried to enforce its navy by building new powerful battle ships in around 1375.
- その頃種子島に在島していた堺の橘屋又三郎と、紀州根来寺の僧津田算長が本土へ持ち帰った。
- Matasaburo TACHIBANAYA of Sakai and Kazunaga TSUDA, a priest of Negoroji Temple, Kishu Province, who were at the island around this time, took the guns home.
- 後白河院もみずから10代の頃より美濃国の青墓の傀儡を師として厳しく今様を修練している。
- Goshirakawa-in (Retired Emperor Goshirakawa) had been taking lessons of Imayo from Aohata no kugutsu in Mino Province since he was in his teens.
- 10世紀中頃より国衙から課される臨時雑役の賦課の免除を受けた荘民を指して寄人と称した。
- Yoriudo was used to indicated the shomin (shoen people) who were exempt from temporary zoyaku (odd-jobs task) taxed by the Kokuga (provincial government offices) from the middle of the 10th century.
- その頃の世相は五・一五事件・二・二六事件などが起こり、戦争の影が忍び寄る時代であった。
- The occurrence of events such as the May 15 Incident (1932) and the February 26 Incident (1936) indicated that the shadow of war was creeping over the Japanese society of those days.
- 1600年(慶長5年) 関ヶ原の戦いと同じ頃、大津城の戦いが起こり大津城下は全焼する。
- 1600: Around the same time as the Battle of Sekigahara, the Battle of Otsu-jo Castle occurred, which made the castle town of Otsu-jo Castle burned down.
- 両軍は12日頃から円明寺川を挟んで対峙し、その前夜に高山隊が山崎の集落を占拠していた。
- The two camps confronted each other from about June 12 with the Enmyoji-gawa River between them; on the night before, Takayama's corps had occupied Yamazaki hamlets.
- 明治の頃には間口9間・奥行6間の豪邸があり、最後の住人が昭和初めまで住んでいたという。
- There was a residence with a frontage of about 10.92 meters and a depth of about 10.92 meters in the Meiji period and the last residents lived until the early Showa period.
- 現代中国ではhaにも頃の字をあてている為、市制を市頃、haを公頃と書き、区別している。
- In modern China, since the same character '頃' is used to represent 'hal,' they distinguish qing in the traditional unit system from 'hal' by writing quing as '市頃' while 'ha' as '公頃.'
- この頃には老齢して病がちになり、しばしば致仕(引退)を願うが、その都度慰留されている。
- He was old by this time and was prone to illness; consequently, he often requested to be allowed to resign, but each time he was persuaded not to do so.
- 畠山高政はこの期を逃さず根来衆をもって本陣へ突撃し、午後4時頃、三好義賢を討ち取った。
- Takamasa HATAKEYAMA took this opportunity and attacked the headquarters along with Negoroshu (a group of armed priests in Negoro-ji Temple), and killed Yoshitaka MIYOSHI.
- 格式編纂の構想は、桓武天皇の頃から存在したが、嵯峨天皇の時代に「造格式所」を設置した。
- The idea of compiling the various laws had been explored since the time of Emperor Kanmu, but only began during the rein of Emperor Saga when a 'Kyakushiki (law) compilation office' was established.
- 美保飛行場は昭和14年秋から造成が始まったが、昭和17年頃までは工事が進捗しなかった。
- The construction of Miho Airport started in the fall of 1939, but the construction did not make much progress until around 1942.
- 戊辰戦争の頃から肥前藩を加え、「薩長土肥」と呼ばれる明治の主要政治勢力の母体となった。
- Around the time of the Boshin War, Sacchodo and the Hizen Domain were combined and called, 'Saccho Dohi' (Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa, Hizen), and was one of the main political forces during the Meiji Era.
- 午前11時30分頃高橋斥候長が戻ってきて帰路を発見し田茂木方面へ進軍中との報告をした。
- Around 11:30 a.m., Takahashi, the head of patrol troop, returned and informed them that they had found the way home and were marching toward Tashiromogi.
- やや遅れて成立した歌物語、『大和物語』(950年頃成立)にも、共通した話題がみられる。
- Common themes are found in 'Yamato Monogatari' (the Tales of Yamamoto) that was completed slightly later (in ca. 950).
- やぐら群は昭和40年頃に宅地造成によって主要部が破壊されたが、一部は現存しているという。
- Major part of the group caves were destroyed for housing lots development around 1965, but some caves are said to exist even today.
- 庶民が慣れ親しんだ講談や落語などでは「元亀天正の頃」といった表現のほうが一般的であった。
- In kodan (art of public storytelling) and rakugo (traditional comic storytelling), which were popular among the general public, the expression 'the periods of Genki, Tensho' was common.
- なお、この頃には越後国の上杉景勝、安芸国の毛利輝元らも、秀吉に臣従することを誓っていた。
- In addition, Kagekatsu UESUGI in Echigo Province, Terumoto MORI in Aki Province and others pledged allegiance to Hideyoshi.
- 惟宗允亮が『政事要略』を編纂した(長保4年(1002年)頃)のは、そうした時期であった。
- It was in such a period that KOREMUNE no Tadasuke compiled 'Seiji Yoryoku' in about 1002.
- 1606年(慶長11年)2期までの工事が完了し、同年の天守完成と同じ頃に直継が入城した。
- In 1606 the second-phase construction was completed, and in the same year Naotsugu entered the castle at about the same time of completion of building the tenshu.
- 鉄剣が作られた頃はそのような天皇(大王)の存在は系図上確立されていなかったことを物語る。
- It implied that the existence of such emperors (kings) wasn't established in the genealogy when the iron sword was made.
- 『太平記』によると、武芸を好み、日頃から自ら鍛練を積む極めて例が無い座主であったという。
- According to 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace), he favored military art, and kept himself trained as a usual behavior, which was rare for a Tendai-zasu.
- この頃から再び勤王派の志士が、倒幕完遂の旗印に担ぎ出すべく有栖川宮家に接近を図っている。
- The royalist again approached Arisugawa no Miya urging the overthrow of the bakufu.
- その頃、相模国では大森氏が小田原城を占拠して諸家を征服、松田氏にも攻略の手を加えてきた。
- At that time in Sagami Province, the Omori clan occupied Odawara-jo Castle and conquered other clans, and tried to overpower the Matsuda clan as well.
- しかし、12月24日頃山本城にこもって抵抗を続けていることが確認されている(『玉葉』)。
- However, it is confirmed that Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO kept up the resistance and shut himself up in Yamamoto-jo Castle around December 24 ('Gyokuyo').
- 室町時代頃から、次第に市場経済が発展し、宋銭など中国からの渡来銭が流通するようになった。
- Market economy gradually developed from around the Muromachi period, and 'toraisen' (Chinese coins) such as Song coins became current.
- 建久元年(1190年)頃、後鳥羽天皇の中宮九条任子(宜秋門院)に再出仕したが、後に出家。
- In around 1190, she returned to court to attend the Emperor Gotoba's empress, Ninshi KUJO (Gishumonin), but later she became a Buddhist nun.
- 没年については不詳であるが大治 (日本)3年(1128年)頃には生存していたようである。
- Although the year of his death is unknown, he seems to have been still alive in around 1128.
- 源重之(みなもとのしげゆき、? - 長保2年(1000年)頃?)は、平安時代中期の歌人。
- MINAMOTO no Shigeyuki (? - around 1000?) was a poet of the mid-Heian period
- 従って、その子首藤資通の頃は、美濃を本貫とする京武者であり、相模国とはなんの関係もない。
- Therefore, his son Sukemichi SUDO was only a samurai in the imperial capital whose home city was in the Mino Province, and had no relationship with the Sagami Province.
- その姿は「光る君」と愛でられた頃よりも一層美しく光り輝いており、昔を知る僧は涙を流した。
- He looks much more beautiful and shining than when he was praised as 'Hikaru kimi,' so the priests who knew him from long ago shed tears.
- 「中の関白かよひそめ侍りける頃」詠んだという次の和歌が小倉百人一首に採られて有名である。
- Her waka poem that was composed 'when Naka no Kanpaku started visiting her' is famous for being selected for the Ogura Haunting Isshu (the Ogura Anthology of One Hundred Tanka-poems by One Hundred Poets).
- 1854年頃からは二分金用の千両箱や大判が収納可能なタイプも使用されるようになっている。
- From around 1854, other types of sen-ryo-bako such as those exclusively used for ni-bu-kin (a kind of gold coin) or those possible to store oban (former Japanese biggest oval gold coin) were also began to be used.
- 清盛は、若い頃から西国の国司を歴任し、父から受け継いだ西国の平氏勢力をさらに強化していた。
- Kiyomori held the position of Kokushi (provincial governor) in Western Japan since he was young, and he further strengthened the influence of the Taira clan in the west.
- この頃、日宋貿易につながる海上交通ルート・瀬戸内海は、海賊の跋扈が大きな問題となっていた。
- Around this period, the Seto Inland Sea, part of the sea route in trade between Japan and Song, was infested with pirates.
- 占術における重要な技法に、占った結果がいつ頃現実のものとなるかを推測する「応期法」がある。
- One of important techniques of divination is 'Okiho,' which surmises when the outcome of divination comes true.
- ちょうど、その10世紀頃に、「兵」(つわもの)と呼ばれる武人が、記録や伝承の上に姿を現す。
- There were warriors called 'tsuwamono' recorded that appear in folklore around the tenth century.
- 嵯峨天皇の時代(承和 (日本)年間頃)に成立したと見られ、宇多天皇が整備して譲位後に居住。
- It seems that it was established during the period of Emperor Saga (around the Jowa era (834 - 848) in Japan), and Emperor Uda repaired it and lived there after the abdicating the throne.
- そもそも、「韓国人」の名称が使われ始めたのは李氏朝鮮が国号を大韓帝国と変えた頃からである。
- The name 'Korean' started being used when the Yi Dynasty/Joseon Dynasty changed the name of the country to 'Empire of Korea.'
- 昭和末期から平成期に入る頃になると、通勤圏が遠方ギリギリにまで拡大する傾向が目立っている。
- In the period from the end of the Showa era to the beginning of the Heisei era, the trend of expanding commutable areas to their widest limit became prominent.
- これが多々良氏の初見であり、この頃すでに在庁官人として大きな勢力を持ち始めたと推定される。
- This was the first appearance of the Tatara clan, and it is supposed that it had already started to have a great power as a Zaichokanjin around those days.
- 元亀、天正年間頃から商取引に活発に銀貨が使用されるようになると、貫、匁の表記が多くなった。
- After the silver coin started to be used actively for trading from Genki and Tensho era, kan (unit of weight) and monme were used frequently.
- 出羽弁(でわのべん、寛弘4年(1007年)頃? - 没年不詳)は、平安時代中期の女流歌人。
- Dewa no ben (around 1007? - date of death unknown) was a female waka poet in the mid Heian period.
- 仏教では13世紀中頃には道元の『正法眼蔵』、弟子の孤雲懐奘の『正法眼蔵随聞記』が成立した。
- As for Buddhism, Dogen's 'Shobogenzo' (Treasury of the Eye of True Teaching) and his pupil Koun Ejo's work, 'Shobogenzo-zuimonki' were written in around the mid-thirteenth century.
- 源氏物語がまだ断片的な短編恋愛小説だった頃から登場していたヒロインの一人だろうと言われる。
- It is said that she was one of the heroines who appeared in the tale when The Tale of Genji was still a fragment of a short love story.
- 『落窪物語』(おちくぼものがたり)は、10世紀末頃に成立したとされる中古日本の物語である。
- 'Ochikubo monogatari' (The Tale of Ochikubo) is a tale of Japan's middle ages, which reportedly originated around the end of the tenth century.
- 日本では中世頃からこの慣行があり、江戸時代になって法制化され、仇討ち(あだうち)と呼ばれた。
- This practice existed in Japan from around the medieval period; it was legislated in the Edo period and was called Adauchi (revenge).
- この頃になると、直接の耕作者である作人の耕作権が作職として確立し、惣村の形成が見られ始めた。
- By this period, the right to cultivate by sakunin (local cultivators) was established as saku-shiki (the right of the cultivator), and the formation of soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) began to appear.
- 12世紀末頃から14世紀頃までは鎌倉時代と呼ばれ、中央の公家政権と関東の武家政権が並立した。
- The eighth century is called the Kamakura period, and the Kuge (court nobles) government in Kyoto and the military government in Kamakura coexisted during this era.
- 十五世紀中頃(室町時代)、及川定嗣の子孫は葛西家に対して謀叛を起こしたが、光村がこれを鎮圧。
- In the mid-fifteenth century (the Muromachi period), the offspring of Sadatsugu OIKAWA raised a rebellion against the KASAI clan, but Mitsumura suppressed it.
- 平安遷都の794年から1185年頃まで、9世紀から12世紀に至る約4世紀にわたる時代である。
- The Heian period ranged over about four centuries from A.D. 794 (the year of the national capital transfer to Heian-kyo) to around A.D. 1185.
- 十六世紀初頭(戦国時代中頃)、光村の孫・及川重胤は江刺氏と戦って敗れ、光村の家系は衰退した。
- During the early sixteenth century (the mid-Sengoku (Warring States) period), Mitsumura's grandson Shigetane OIKAWA fought with the Esashi clan but was defeated, and consequently the Mitsumura family line went to ruin.
- 貞観 (日本)年間頃より大学寮の明経道などに倣って「医道」という呼称が定着するようになった。
- The name 'I-do' was modeled after 'Myogyo-do' (the study of Confucian classics) and others, and the name took root among the public around the Jogan era (A.D. 859 - A.D. 877).
- 養和元年(1181年)7月後半頃、加賀・能登で反乱の動きが起こり、それは越前国へと波及した。
- In the latter half of September 1181, a rebellion broke out in Kaga and Noto, and spread to Echizen Province.
- また江戸時代にも文政年間頃から「両」のことを俗称として「圓」と呼ぶ習慣が一部にあったという。
- And from around the Bunsei era (1818 to 1830) in the Edo period, it is said some called 'yen' as 'ryo' habitually.
- 弘仁年間頃に離宮として成立、弘仁7年(816年)嵯峨天皇が行幸したことが記録上の初見である。
- It was established as rikyu (an imperial villa) during the Konin period (810-824), and a visit by Emperor Saga in 816 was recorded as a first visit.
- 天智天皇の皇子の大友皇子(弘文天皇)の正妃となり、天智天皇8年(669年)頃?葛野王を産む。
- She became the lawful wife of Prince Otomo (Emperor Kobun), an Imperial prince of Emperor Tenchi, and gave birth to Kadono no Okimi around 669.
- 18代武田信虎の頃には国内はほぼ統一され、積極的に隣国である信濃国に侵攻して家勢を拡大した。
- The eighteenth head Nobutora TAKEDA unified the territory and actively expanded the clan's territory by invading neighboring Shinano Province.
- 少なくとも亮政の頃には国人層による連合制的な面が強く、代を経るごとに支配体制が強化している。
- During the Sukemasa's reign at least, the political situation was influenced by the Kokujin (local samurais) union-tinged regime; the controlling system of the Azai clan was gradually strengthened along with the generations.
- 藩財政は稙昌の頃から既に苦しく、元禄4年(1691年)には5ヵ年にわたる半知を行なっている。
- Already in financial difficulty under Tanemasa, in 1691 it halved its retainer's wages for five years.
- 西暦200年代頃の倭において矛、盾、木弓と鉄(或いは骨)の鏃が用いられていたとの記述がある。
- 'Gishiwajinden,' states that hoko (long-handled Chinese spear), shields, wooden bows, and arrowheads made of iron (or bone) were used in the 200s in Wakoku.
- 法要が一段落ついた頃、藤壺の時代から仕えていた夜居の僧が、冷泉帝に出生の秘密を密かに告げた。
- When the memorial services for her reached a certain point, a Buddhist priest on a night-watch duty, who had been serving since Fujitsubo's heyday, secretly told Emperor Reizei about the circumstances of his birth.
- 晴れて許された源氏は都へ戻ることになったが、その頃既に明石の御方は源氏の子を身ごもっていた。
- Genji was forgiven in public and would go back to the capital, but Lady Akashi was already pregnant with Genji's child by then.
- 奥の細道では、旧暦8月21日頃大垣に到着するまでが書かれている(蛤のふたみにわかれ行秋ぞ)。
- Oku no Hosomichi chronicled Basho's journey up to his arrival in Ogaki around October 4, 1689 (when he composed the haiku that says, 'Like a clam ripped from its shell, autumn is deepening now.'
- そのため1975年(昭和50年)頃までは旧戸籍謄本を取得した場合には「士族」と明記されていた。
- Because of this, when obtaining an official copy of the family register until around 1975, one was able to see the description of the warrior class.
- 一方、同じ頃同じく京都に滞在していた外山光輔も家臣の高田修とともに同じような計画を結んでいた。
- On the other hand, Mitsusuke TOYAMA, who was staying in Kyoto at the same time, was also making a similar plan with his vassal, Osamu TAKADA.
- この時期と前後して4世紀半ば(350年頃)からヤマト王権(倭国)は朝鮮半島との交易を開始した。
- Around this time, in the middle of the fourth century (around 350), the Yamato Kingdom (Wakoku) began trading with the Korean Peninsula.
- また、この頃には、各地で不平士族による反乱が頻発するようになり、日本の治安はきわめて悪化した。
- Around the same time, in various places, rebellions were frequently held by the warrior class who had complaints about the government, and it deteriorated public security in Japan.
- 成立は、平安時代の後半、12世紀末頃、後白河天皇のもとで製作された絵巻の一つと考えられている。
- It is thought to be one of the picture scrolls manufactured under Emperor Goshirakawa around the end of the 12th century, the late Heian period.
- 「延寿」の年号はすでにこの年の四月頃から奥羽を中心に流布していたことが当時の新聞で確認できる。
- The fact that era name of 'Enju' has already been known mainly in Ou region since around April of that year can be confirmed by the newspapers at that time.
- 健寿女が滋子の女房として仕えるようになったのは12歳の頃で、滋子は皇太后になったばかりだった。
- Kenju jo was around twelve years old when she started serving Shigeko as her lady in waiting, Shigeko just became Empress at the time.
- 1924年頃に開設されたスキー場で、開設当時は駅前という好立地から、多くのスキー客で賑わった。
- It was a ski ground that opened around 1924, and because of its convenient location for being in front of the railway station, it was crowded with people in the days when it opened.
- また、この頃堅田に臨済宗が広まって武士階層が多い殿原衆の間で広く支持されて祥瑞寺が創建された。
- Around that time, the Rinzai sect became popular, especially in Tonobara-shu, mainly composed of the samurai class people, and Shozui-ji Temple was established.
- この大号令を受けて、さっそく新設の三職を小御所へ召集し、同日18時頃から小御所会議が開かれた。
- Following the Decree, newly-appointed three offices were called to Kogosho Palace to hold Kogosho Conference from around 18:00 on that day.
- 古代においては、7世紀後半頃に律令制の中央・地方間の情報伝達システムとして伝馬制が整備された。
- About in the latter half of the seventh century in ancient times, the tenma system was improved as a system of transmission of information between the capital and local regions in the ritsuryo system.
- 実際には、1878年頃から日本各地で避病院の設置が進められ、患者の収容・隔離体制が整えられた。
- Actually, setting up of Hibyoin started in various parts of Japan to establish a system of patient accommodation and quarantine in about 1878.
- 駒込川の沢に到達するが、その頃の進軍は全員疲労困憊しており、隊列も整わず統制に支障が出始めた。
- They reached the stream of Komagome-gawa River, however, all soldiers were completely exhausted by then, which affected the control, breaking formation.
- 翌寛和元年(985年)母娘共に帰京するが、この頃既に徽子女王は病身であったらしく、同年卒した。
- The following year mother and daughter returned to the capital together, but Queen Kishi seems already to have been suffering from an illness at this point, and she died one year later.
- 本阿弥切(ほんあみぎれ)は、12世紀初め頃の書写と推定される『古今和歌集』の写本の通称である。
- Honamigire is a nickname for the manuscript of 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), which is assumed to have been transcribed at the beginning of the twelfth century.
- 『宇治拾遺物語』は、1213年(建保元年)から1221年(承久三年)頃にかけて成立したらしい。
- It seems that 'Uji Shui Monogatari' was compiled during the period from 1213 to 1221.
- そこで10世紀前期頃から中央政府は、軍事警察権を国司に委任するという現実的な政策を採用し始めた。
- In order to cope with such situations, the central government started to adopt from the early 10th century a realistic policy, meaning the delegation of military and police authorities to kokushi.
- だが、平安時代に入ると律令制度の崩壊とともに国学も衰退し、11世紀に入る頃までにはほぼ消滅した。
- In association with the collapse of the Ritsuryo system in the Heian period, Kokugaku also declined and ceased to exist by the beginning of the 11th century.
- 逆に戦闘が終了した亥刻(午後十時頃)には織田信長軍の万見重元ら多くの近臣と2千兵を失う事になる。
- On the other hand, by around ten o'clock in the night when the battle ended, troops of Nobunaga ODA had lost many close vassals including Shigemoto MANMI and 2,000 soldiers.
- 前者は12世紀前半の鳥羽天皇院政前期、後者は12世紀後半の後白河天皇院政の頃の作品とも言われる。
- The former were supposedly works of the early period of Emperor Toba Insei period and the early 12th century, and latter during the Insei period of Emperor Goshirakawa of the late twelfth century.
- 鳥羽離宮(とばりきゅう)は、12世紀から14世紀頃まで代々の太上天皇により使用されていた院御所。
- Toba Rikyu was used as a villa by generations of 'Daijo-Tenno' (retired emperors) from the 12th to around the 14th century.
- 2日遅れで急使を立てても、男依らはもう到着している頃合いであり、とうてい追いつくことはできない。
- Even in dispatching couriers two days after, Oyori's party were supposed to arrive and there was no way couriers were able to catch up with Oyori's party.
- 洋行帰りの実業家らが洋食のレストランをひらき、都心で成功をおさめるようになったのもこの頃である。
- It was also around this time that people like businessmen who came back from trips to Western countries opened Western style restaurants successfully in the midtown area.
- 昭和の時代にかけて、作家や芸術家のあいだに薬物や自傷による自殺が流行するのも、この頃からである。
- It was from this period to the beginning of the Showa period that drugs and suicide became popular among writers and artists.
- 幼い頃、平知盛に育てられていた関係で、平家が都落ちをした際に皇太子に擬されて、西国に連行される。
- Since he was brought up by TAIRA no Tomomori when he was small, he was an imitation Crown Prince and was taken to the western part of Japan (Chugoku, Shikoku, Kinki area) after the Taira clan escaped from the city.
- 幼い頃は年上の甥にあたる尊治親王(後の後醍醐天皇)とともに父の亀山法皇の寵愛を受けて育てられる。
- When he was small, he was brought up with much love from his father, the Cloistered Emperor Kameyama, together with his older nephew, Imperial Prince Takaharu (later Emperor Godaigo).
- 嵯峨や松尾などの桂川流域を支配していた秦氏が、6世紀頃に桂川に堰堤を築いたとされる(葛野大堰)。
- The Kadono Oi (weirs) located on the river, are believed to have been built by the Hata clan around the sixth century, who ruled the riverside of the Katsura-gawa River such as Saga and Matsuo.
- 政季が築城を開始して忠季が1495年(明応4年)頃に修築を完了したのが、檜山安東氏城館跡である。
- The site of the Hiyama Ando clan's castle, is which Masasue began constructing and Tadasue completed the restoration in 1495.
- 一方、津軽を領した下国家は15世紀半ば頃、東の八戸市方面から勢力を伸ばしてきた南部氏に追われた。
- On the other hand, the Shimonokuni family, which ruled Tsugaru Province, was forced out by the Nanbu clan, which was proceeding from the eastern area, to expand its influence.
- 幼少の頃より、当時の女性に求められる以上の才能で漢文を読みこなしたなど、才女としての逸話が多い。
- There are many anecdotes stating that, since her childhood, she had had more talent for reading Chinese classics than women were required to have in those days.
- この修造は、11世紀中頃から1160年代の南大門再建まで続き、境内の堂宇の多くが修理修造された。
- This renovation started in the middle of the eleventh century and ended with reconstruction of the Nandai-mon Gate in the 1160's with many temple buildings in the precincts repaired or renovated.
- 元禄8年(1695年)景継は「陰徳記自序」を書いており、この頃には完成していたと考えられている。
- In 1695, Kagetsugu wrote the 'Intokuki jijo' (Authorial Preface to the Intokuki), and it is thought that it was around this date that he completed work on the Intokuki.
- 能因(のういん、永延2年(988年)- 康平元年(1058年)頃?)は、平安時代中期の僧・歌人。
- Noin (988-1058) was a monk and a poet who lived during the mid-Heian period.
- 『旧辞』は宮廷内の物語、天皇家や国家の起源に関する話をまとめたもので、同じ頃書かれたものである。
- 'Kyuji' summarizes the tales within the imperial court and stories on the origin of the imperial household or nation, and was written around the same time as Teiki.
- 僧俊海の子として生まれ、1150年頃叔父である藤原俊成の養子となり、長じて従五位・中務省に至る。
- He was born to the priest Shunkai, and around 1150 he was adopted by his uncle FUJIWARA no Toshinari, growing up to have Jugoi (Junior Fifth Rank) and work at the Ministry of Central Affairs.
- 宇治拾遺物語(うじしゅういものがたり)は、13世紀前半頃に成立した、中世日本の説話物語集である。
- Uji Shui Monogatari is a collection of setsuwa monogatari (narratives) of medieval Japan that was compiled in the first half of the thirteenth century.
- 4月9日頃、倭軍は兵の一部を対馬へ撤退させ、残りを薺浦へ終結させて盛親自ら講和交渉に臨もうとする。
- Around April 9, the Japanese Army withdrew a part of their troops to Tsushima while the remaining forces got together at Seiho, and Morichika himself attempted to have peace negotiations.
- 郡は、六世紀の中葉頃の欽明朝に屯倉の設置が拡大されていき、ヤマト政権の地方政治組織となっていった。
- Districts grew from the established miyake during the reign of Emperor Kinmei in the mid-sixth century to become part of the local administration organization of the Yamato Dynasty.
- 752年(天平勝宝4年)文室氏の姓を賜って臣籍に下り、761年(天平宝字5年)頃浄三と名を改めた。
- In 752, he was granted the Funya clan and demoted to subject, and changed his name to Kiyomi around 761.
- 屋主忍男武雄心命(やぬしおしおたけおごころのみこと生没年不詳)は、3世紀から4世紀頃の日本の皇族。
- Yanushioshiotakeogokoro no mikoto (year of birth and death unknown) was a member of Japanese Imperial family, who lived in the period around the third to fourth century.
- 平安中期から後期頃から、特定の官職を一つの家系で担うことが貴族社会の中で徐々に一般化しつつあった。
- From around the mid to the end of Heian period, it was gradually becoming popular for one noble family to succeed a certain government official positions in one family within the society of court nobles.
- 17世紀中頃(1653年(承応2年) - 1655年(承応4年))に後水尾天皇の指示で造営された。
- It was built in the middle of 17th century (1653 - 1655) under the orders of the Emperor Gomizunoo.
- 鎌倉時代の終わりまで、「吉田家」を称していたが、権中納言・吉田藤長の頃から「甘露寺」を家名とした。
- Although they were called the 'Yoshida family' until the end of the Kamakura period, 'Kanroji' became their family name from the time of a Gon Chunagon (Provisional Middle Counselor) Fujinaga YOSHIDA.
- 養和年間(1181~1182)の頃、二年間にわたって飢饉があり、諸国の農民で逃散する者が多かった。
- A famine took place during the years 1181 and 1182, and many farmers in various provinces abandoned their lands.
- その頃、頼長は生死をさまよいながら、父忠実のもとを訪れるが、かかわり合いを恐れた忠実は面会を拒否。
- Around that time, Yorinaga, who hovers between life and death, attempts to visit his father Tadazane but Tadazane is afraid of getting involved in the conflict and refuses to meet him
- 作者13歳の寛仁4年(1020年)から、52歳頃の康平2年(1059年)までの約40年間の回想録。
- It is a memoir covering approximately forty years from 1020, when the author was thirteen, to 1059, she was around 52-years-old.
- 『万葉集』は基本的には五音節の枕詞が使用されており、七世紀頃には固定化されていったものと思われる。
- In 'Manyoshu' the five-syllable makurakotoba are used basically, so they are supposed to have gotten formalized about the seventh century.
- この歌集は、絢爛たる王朝文化が衰退しはじめた頃、華やかなりし昔を振り返ったともいうべきものである。
- During the time when the magnificent dynastic culture began to decline, the selector compiled this collection of poetry, looking back on the splendid past.
- だが、律令制の崩壊とともに不動穀の転用・流出が相次ぎ、9世紀終わり頃には有名無実化することになる。
- However, with the fall of the ritsuryo system, diversion and run off the fudoso warehouse occurred one after another, and by the end of the ninth century the fudoso warehouse became name only.
- 日本では江戸時代頃から、書物に「泥雨」「紅雪」「黄雪」などの黄砂に関する記述が見られるようになった。
- In Japan, descriptions of kosa started appearing around the Edo period, with the terms of 'dei-u' (mud rain), 'beni-yuki' (red snow), or 'Ki-yuki' (yellow snow).
- また11世紀中期頃には、それまでの名田より遥かに大規模な名田=別名(べちみょう)が盛んに設定された。
- In the mid-11th century, myoden which were far bigger than existing ones, called bechimyo, were actively established.
- 11世紀頃になると、内裏や大寺社の再建を目的とした臨時課税をするため、たびたび荘園整理令が出された。
- By the 11the century, the manor regulation acts were often enforced in order to impose taxes for the purpose of rebuilding dairi (Imperial Palace) and main temples and shrines.
- また、それまでは輸入に頼るのみであった木綿の栽培も16世紀頃から三河国地方において栽培されはじめる。
- And starting in the sixteenth century or thereabouts, cotton, which heretofore had had to be imported, began to be cultivated locally in Mikawa Province.
- 大型地域集団は次第に政治的な結合を強めていき、倭国連合と呼びうる政治連合体を2世紀初頭頃に形成した。
- The large-sized communities were gradually united and a political confederation that could be called a union of Way nations was established during the early second century.
- このことから坂本城には天守があり、作事が行われ翌12月頃には天守がかなり進捗していたと思われている。
- By this description, it is known that Sakamoto-jo Castle had a tenshu (main keep or tower of a castle), and it is considered that the construction of a tenshu was well under way by January 1573 after the construction of the Castle started.
- 不安定な基盤にのっていた王統が確立したのが継体の子である欽明天皇の頃(6世紀中期)だと言われている。
- It is said that around the period of Emperor Kinmei (middle of the 6th century), the son of Emperor Ketai, the lineage of the Emperor, which had been unstable, was stabilized.
- この頃、足利幕府は博多に鎮西総大将として一色範氏、仁木義長らを置いており、これらと攻防を繰り返した。
- He continued to struggle with Noriuji ISSHIKI and Yoshinaga NIKI in Hakata, the commanders in chiefs of Kyushu region deployed by Ashikaga Shogunate around this time.
- 大伴家持(おおとも の やかもち、718頃-785)は『万葉集』を編纂した奈良時代有数の歌人である。
- OTOMO no Yakamochi (Around 718 - 785) was one of the greatest poets during the Nara period, who compiled the 'Manyoshu'(the oldest anthology of tanka).
- 乎非王(おいのおおきみ・おいのみこ、生没年不詳)は、「上宮記」逸文に記される5世紀頃の皇族(王族)。
- Prince Oi (Oi no Kimi or Oi no Miko, his date of birth and death were unknown) first appeared in the Itsubun (unidentified or lost writings) written articles of the 'Joguki' (Record of the Crown Prince) being an Imperial family (Royal family) around the fifth century in Japan
- ヤマト王権では推古朝の頃には馬を管理する官職が存在しており、畿内の有力豪族により馬産が行われていた。
- In the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) at the Reign of Empress Suiko, the government post to manage the horses already existed, a powerful clan produced horses in and around the capital.
- 操り人形に過ぎなくなった頼芸は天文 (元号)21年(1552年)頃に追放され、美濃土岐氏は没落した。
- Being a mere figurehead of the clan, Yorinari was expelled from Mino around 1552 and the power of Toki clan in Mino Province declined.
- およそ紀元前10世紀中頃(ただしこの年代には異論もある)から3世紀中頃までにあたる時代の名称である。
- It is the period approximately between the middle of the 10th century B.C. (though there are some objections to this date) to the middle of the 3rd century.
- 一方この頃になると、荘園領主などが本所法によって殺人などの重罪人の処刑・追放と併せて没官が行われた。
- Around this period, on the other hand, Mokkan was carried out by the manor lords according to honjo-ho (the law for the proprietors of manor) alongside with the executions and banishments of the serious criminals such as murderers.
- 童の頃に源氏の前で催馬楽「高砂」を歌った(賢木)他、「梅枝」「藤裏葉」など祝い事の席での登場が多い。
- When he was young, he sang Saibara (genre of Heian-period Japanese court music (primarily consisting of gagaku-styled folk melodies)) and 'Takasago' in front of Genji (Sakaki (The Green Branch)), and other than this he appears at many auspicious occasions such as 'Umegae' (The Plum Tree Branch), 'Fuji no Uraba' (Wisteria Leaves), and so on.
- 大正10年頃、『長慶天皇御真筆』、『後醍醐天皇御真筆』、『日蓮上人御真筆』などを所有していると公開。
- Around 1921, he announced that he possessed 'the handwriting of the Emperor Chokei,' 'the handwriting of the Emperor Godaigo,' 'the handwriting of Nichiren Shonin' etc.
- 久時はこの頃一番二番引付頭人を務め、その祖は5代執権北条時頼の頃連署を務めた極楽寺の北条重時である。
- Hisatoki held positions of the first and the second head of the legal office around this time, and his ancestor was Shigetoki HOJO of the Gokuraku-ji Temple, who was Rensho during the reign of the fifth regent Tokiyori HOJO.
- 一方、9世紀後期頃から、富豪百姓層らが経済力や政治力、さらには私兵を擁しての軍事力すらをもつけてきた。
- From the late 9th century, meanwhile, the wealthy peasant class strengthened not only their economic and political power but also military power with private soldiers at their command.
- その頃出雲国では守護代の尼子清定が各地の反乱を鎮圧し、主家の京極氏をしのぐほど権力を持つようになった。
- Meanwhile in Izumo Province, shugodai Kiyosada AMAGO had suppressed local rebellions to grow as influential as the Kyogoku clan, its master's house.
- 儒教は日本においてはむしろ儒学として発展し、江戸時代初期から中頃にかけて朱子学や陽明学が盛んになった。
- Confucianism developed not as a religion but rather as a study, and from the beginning to the middle of Edo period, the doctrines of Zhu Xi (the shushigaku school) and the teaching of Wan Yangming (the yomeigaku school) became popular.
- 鵜匠は常日頃から鵜と一緒に生活しているため、鵜匠と鵜は呼吸の合った動きを見せ、見事に鮎を捕らえてくる。
- As usho always lives together with cormorants, usho and cormorants get along perfectly and cormorants catch sweetfishes neatly.
- As ujo always lives together with cormorants, ujo and cormorants get along perfectly and cormorants catch ayu neatly.
- 秦氏は5世紀頃に桂川の治水工事を行っていたらしいが、西京区の桂川沿岸では洪水がたびたび起こったという。
- The Hata clan is believed to have improved the Katsura-gawa River around the fifth century, but the river is said to have been flooded repeatedly around the riverside in Nishikyo Ward.
- 敷地内に建設が予定されている新庁舎は、2008年春頃に完成し、同年7月に新庁舎での業務を開始する予定。
- A new government office is scheduled to be constructed around the spring of 2008 in the same premises and will be used as the government office starting in July of 2008.
- 信保は永正年間の初め頃に空然を還俗させて足利義明と名乗らせ、下総小弓城に迎えて小弓公方として擁立した。
- Around the early Eisho era, Nobuyasu had Konen return to secular life by changing his name to Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, and brought him into Oyumi-jo Castle in Shimousa Province to make him Oyumi-kubo.
- 11世紀頃小槻孝信の代からは世襲となって、弁官を取り仕切り官中を統轄する官務家としての地位を確立した。
- Since the generation of OZUKI no Takanobu in the eleventh century, the Ozuki clan gained hereditary control over the position and solidified their status as a Kanmu family with authority over benkan (officials of the dajokan) and official works of the government.
- その後、土岐持益 (守護)の頃に富島氏と斎藤氏の争いが、美濃全土を巻き込む内乱に発展した(美濃錯乱)。
- Subsequently, at the time when Mochimasu TOKI served as Shugo, a conflict between the Tomishima clan and the Saito clan escalated into a civil war, involving the whole Mino Province (Mino Civil War).
- 同じ頃、北イタリアの都市国家は独自貨幣を発行するようになり、都市間の貨幣の交換を行う両替商が生まれた。
- At about the same time city states in northern Italy began to issue their own currencies, giving rise to the money changer who changed a city's currency for another's.
- 午前7時頃、比較的冷静だった倉石大尉は斥候隊を募り、比較的元気な15名が馬立場方面への斥候へ向かった。
- Around 7 a.m. Captain Kuraishi, who was relatively calm, collected some soldiers as a patrol troop and 15 people who remained relatively strong started off toward Umatateba.
- 五月頃に懐妊し体調の悪い状態が続くが、経験に乏しい匂宮はそれに気づかず、中の君は心さびしい日々が続く。
- She became pregnant around May and remained in poor physical condition, but inexperienced Nioumiya did not notice and Naka no Miya spent her days in loneliness.
- 御門と和歌を遣り取りするようになって三年の月日が経った頃、かぐや姫は月を見て物思いに耽るようになった。
- Three years have passed since she started to exchange poems with the Mikado, and Princess Kaguya comes to be lost in deep thought whenever she looks at the moon.
- しかしながら、応仁の乱頃より戦いの主流が歩兵(足軽)による密集戦に変わり、やがて槍にとってかわられた。
- However, the fighting method changed to close-up fighting by foot soldiers (ashigaru) after Onin War, and the naginata was eventually replaced with spears.
- 初期の頃は京都、美濃国、伊勢国、若狭国などを中心に行商を行っていたが、徐々に活動地域や事業を拡大させた。
- From the earlier period when Omi merchants peddled mainly in Kyoto and the provinces of Mino, Ise, and Wakasa, they gradually extended their businesses and the areas of activity.
- 朝鮮では、『三国史記』に、新羅時代の174年頃の記述として、「ウートゥ(雨土)」という表現が残っている。
- In Korea, the term of 'wutu' is included in descriptions for around 174 A.D. in 'Samguk Sagi' (History of the Three Kingdoms) in the Silla period.
- 更に20世紀末期頃から、かつて荘園だった史実がその地方のアイデンティティを形成する事例が増え始めている。
- Moreover, from the late twentieth century, the local areas increasingly form the identities by the historical fact that they were formerly shoens.
- 更に時代が下り江戸時代頃には、この歌は一般的な祝いの席で祝いの歌として庶民の間でも歌われるようになった。
- In further more recent years, during the Edo Period, this waka was sung among common people in general at parties as a song for celebration.
- 摂関期の頃の公家の着用した萎装束は全体的にゆったりと出来ており、服の生地自体も薄く柔らかなものであった。
- Nae-shozoku dressed by court nobles during the regency period was relaxing in general, and the fabric of the costume it self was also thin and soft.
- 7月7日辰の刻(午後8時頃)に平家継を大将軍とする反乱が勃発し、襲撃を受けた惟義の郎従が多数殺害された。
- When a rebellion headed by TAIRA no Ietsugu broke out around 8:00 PM of August 21, 1184, many of Koreyoshi's retainers were killed in the attack.
- 唐には使者の他にも学問僧や学生が渡り、隋の頃に渡った者も含め、僧霊雲、僧旻、僧清安、高向玄理が帰国した。
- Not only the envoy but also trainee monks and students visited Tang Dynasty China, and Ryoun the priest, Min the priest, Shoan the priest, TAKAMUKO no Kuromaro and those who visited China during the Sui dynasty, returned to Japan.
- 後の律令制の湯沐邑は収入源でしかないが、この頃の湯沐邑と皇子との関係には密接なものがあったと推察される。
- Tomokuyu under the Ritsuryo system was only a source of revenue, but the Tomokuyu at that time are supposed to have had a close relationship with the Prince.
- 大田皇女(おおたのひめみこ、生年不詳 - 天智天皇6年(667年)2月 (旧暦)頃)は、飛鳥時代の皇族。
- The Imperial Princess Ota (year of birth unknown - c. March, 667) was one of the Imperial Family members during the Asuka period.
- 先割れスプーンが利用された当初の頃は、食器もアルマイトのプレス加工で椀や鉢・皿といったものが利用された。
- At the time when spork was first used, the anodized, press-worked eating utensils such as bowls and plates were used at school lunch.
- しかしこの頃より脚気を患い、明治十年八月、元奥医師の遠田澄庵の転地療養の勧めがあり箱根塔ノ沢へ向かった。
- However she developed beriberi around this time, she went to Tonosawa, Hakone in August 1877 since it was recommended by former doctor of Ooku, Choan TODA, to move to different place to rest her body.
- このため、戦国時代を通じてこの頃(江戸時代初期)までは「おた」が正しい呼び方だったのではと言う説もある。
- There is, therefore, a theory that states 'Ota' was a correct pronunciation from the Sengoku period to this time (the early Edo period).
- 17世紀中期頃と推定されている『東海道絵巻物』(作者不明)は、東海道の各宿場町の景観を主に描写している。
- Among them is 'Tokaido Emakimono' (Picture Scroll of Tokaido [author unknown]), thought to be written in the middle of the 17th century; it mainly deals with the scenes of the post towns.
- 15時頃、250メートルほど進んだところで倉石大尉、伊藤中尉ら4人が発見され、生存者計9人が発見された。
- Around 3 p.m., the four including Captain Kuraishi and Lieutenant Ito were found, and as a result, the nine survivors in total were found where they had gone forward about 250 meters.
- が全員疲労が激しく翌26日午前3時頃に火事になる可能性を恐れ炭火を消し、その後は暖を取ることは無かった。
- However, they put out the charcoal fire around 3 a.m. on the 26th, the next day, afraid of a fire because they were all extremely exhausted, and they never had warmth after that.
- 長谷川特務曹長は滑落し道に迷っており、彼に従った数名は午後2時頃平沢の炭小屋を発見しそこに滞在していた。
- Sergeant Major Hasdgawa slipped behind and got lost, finding a charcoal house in Hirasawa about 2 p.m. and stayed there along with a few people following him.
- そして当日、子の刻頃、空から人が降りてきたが、軍勢も翁も嫗も抵抗できないまま、かぐや姫は月へ帰っていく。
- On the day, around midnight, somebody comes from the sky, but the troops, the Okina and Ona can't resist, and Princess Kaguya goes back to the moon.
- こうした積み重ねにより、11世紀後期の後三条天皇の頃に一国平均役が制度として確立したものと考えられている。
- After these events, it is believed that the ikkoku heikinyaku system was officially established in the late 11th century, around the time of Emperor Gosanjo.
- しかし、早くも8世紀後期頃から百姓の偽籍・浮浪・逃亡が見られ始め、個別人身支配体制にほころびが生じていた。
- However, as early as from late 8th century, the regime of people-based governance started to fray at the edges as the case of peasants' false registration, vagrancy and escape increased.
- 10世紀の初め頃から11世紀の摂関政治期を中心とする文化であり、12世紀の院政期文化にも広く影響を与えた。
- It was a culture developed during the Sekkan seiji (regency government) period from the early 10th century to the 11th century and has much influenced the culture during the Insei (cloister government) period in the 12th century.
- 約1万2千年前頃、最終氷期が終わり急激な温暖化による海面上昇が始まると、日本列島はアジア大陸から分離した。
- Around 12,000 years ago, the ice age ended and the sea level began rising corresponding to rises in the atmospheric temperature, separating the Japanese islands from the Asian continent.
- はなそぎも1597年の慶長の役の頃が主体であるが、これまで戦争全般を通じた蛮行であるがごとく語られてきた。
- Mutilation of a person's nose was conducted mainly during the time of the Keicho War in 1597, but it has been said that it was act of barbarism conducted throughout the war.
- 慶長小判(慶長6年(1601年)頃、14,727,055両(推定値)、4.76匁、84.3%→86.8%)
- Keicho koban (around 1601, 14,727,055 ryo [estimation] 4.76 monme, 84.3%=>86.8%)
- 白河別業(しらかわべつぎょう)は、9世紀から11世紀頃まで代々の藤原氏摂関家当主により使用されていた別業。
- Shirakawa betsugyo was a villa used by the head of the Regents' House of the Fujiwara clan for generations from the ninth century to about the eleventh century.
- 刊本に文明 (日本)本(文明6年(1474年)頃成立)・黒本本・天正18年本・饅頭屋本・易林本などがある。
- The printed editions included Bunmeibon (edition in Bunmei era, compiled in 1474), Kuromotobon (literally, edition of black book), Tensho 18 nen bon (edition in 1590), Manjuyabon (literally, manju [bun stuffed with azuki-bean paste] shop edition) and Ekirinbon (edition compiled by Ekirin).
- 嘉応2年(1170年)頃に制作された寄木造、玉眼の仏像で、大日如来の説いた真言の一字を人格化した仏である。
- It was the Buddha statue made around 1170 and it was done by yosegi-zukuri (a method of constructing a statue by assembling pieces of wood) with gyokugan (eyes made of crystal which were inserted into the head of a wooden Buddhist statue in order to produce a realistic appearance), personalizing the character of a mantra advocated by Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana).
- この頃には、津田左右吉らの日本古代史学者が、神話は歴史事実とは異なるとしただけで職を追われるようになった。
- Around this period, scholars of historic studies of Ancient Japan, like Sokichi TSUDA, were forced to resign simply because he regarded myths to be different from historical facts.
- 平安時代末期から近世の初め頃まで使われた語で、江戸時代に入るとこれを部屋住み(へやずみ)と呼ぶようになる。
- The term was used from the end of the Heian Period to the beginning of modern times, and in the Edo Period the son was called heyazumi (literally, a person living in a room)
- ほとんどの王妃は大妃や王大妃の頃に亡くなる場合が多いため、長生きして大王大妃になる王妃はとても少なかった。
- Since most of empresses died when they were empresses and empress dowagers, very few lived long enough to become daio ohi.
- 11世紀の前九年の役では軍団兵士の活動が見当たらず、この頃までに廃絶したかまったく形骸化したと考えられる。
- Since there were no materials showing the activities by soldiers in Gundan in the Zenkunen War (the Early Nine Years' War) in the 11th century, it is considered that Natori-dan was abolished or lost substance completely before that time.
- 一方、天領であった甲斐国では甲州金座の松木家に甲州金の発行が引き続き認められ、これは元文年間頃まで続いた。
- On the other hand, in Kai Province, which was a tenryo (a shogunal demesne), the Matsumoto family, the Koshu kin-za, was allowed to continue the issue of Koshu kin, lasting till the Gembun era (1736-1740).
- 初稿の成立は同じく跋文によれば長徳二年(996年)頃で、左中将源経房が作者の家から持ち出して世上に広めた。
- According to the afterword, the first draft was written around 996, and Sachujo (guard of the Imperial Palace) MINAMOTO no Tsunefusa took the draft from the author's residence and brought it before the eyes of the world.
- 15時頃には3日目に隊列を離れていた最後の生存者村松伍長が古館要吉一等卒の遺体と共に田代元湯で発見された。
- Around 3 p.m., the last survivor, Corporal Matsumura, who had parted from the file since the third day, was found along with the body of Private First Youkichi FURUTACHI at Tashiro Motoyu.
- 平安時代に入り、古今和歌集が編纂される頃になると、和歌といえば短歌のことをさすようになり、長歌は衰退した。
- In the Heian period, when Kokin Wakashu was assembled, the term 'waka' referred to tanka poems and choka was on the decline.
- 冷泉天皇が皇太子であった頃に帯刀先生(たちはきせんじょう)、天皇に即位すると左右の将監(しょうげん)なった
- He served as Tachiwaki Senjo (the head of the Imperial Prince's bodyguard) while the Emperor Reizei was still the Crown Prince, and then became Sayu no shogen (Lieutenant of the Right and the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) when the prince ascended to the throne.
- 父適(はじめ)の頃から家運が衰え、出家して曾祖父融(とおる)が造営した六条河原院(かわらのいん)に住んだ。
- His family's fortunes declined when his father Hajime was the family head, so he became a priest and lived in the Rokujo Kawara no In, which his great-grandfather Toru built.
- 天治元年(1124)末、初めて奏覧した(初度本)が、不備があり天治二年四月頃、改訂本を再度奏覧(二度本)。
- At the end of 1124, it was first submitted to the Emperor for inspection (shodo bon, the first book), though it had deficiencies and the revised book was submitted (nido bon, the second book) around May, 1125.
- しかし、大名の中央集権化に伴い戦国中期頃から足軽間での兵科の分離や、騎馬武者も含めた各組ごと編成が行われた。
- However, as the power of daimyo became centralized from around the mid Sengoku Period, organization of various groups, including cavalrymen, took place, such as the separation of various military branches among the foot soldiers.
- 元亨3年(1323年)に親王妃の平産祈祷が行われており、この頃には禖子が皇太子妃になっていたことが知られる。
- A safe birth for the wife of Imperial Prince was prayed for in 1323; on this occasion, it was known that Baishi became the wife of the Crown Prince.
- いっぽうでは、二条河原落書に「此頃都ニハヤル物 夜討 強盗 謀綸旨・・・」とあるように綸旨の偽造も横行した。
- Meanwhile, forged rinji ran rampant as Nijo Kawara Rakusho (the Lampoon at Nijo Riverbed) contained information that 'what ran rampant in the city around this time was a night attack, robbery, premeditated rinji, etc.'
- 秦氏が現在の桂川 (淀川水系)に灌漑工事として葛野大堰を築いた点から山背国太秦の起点は6世紀頃と推定される。
- It is estimated, from timing of the construction by the Hata clan of Kadono oi (the Kadono dam) as part of irrigation works for the present-day Katsura-gawa River (the Yodo-gawa River system), that the Uzumasa in Yamashiro Province has its origins around the sixth century.
- 尚、秀吉の小田原攻めの頃、後北条氏の家臣に岩付城代として分流の伊達房実がおり、この子孫が旗本の伊達氏である。
- Fusazane DATE, a member of the branch Date clan, served the Gohojo clan as an acting lord of the Iwatsuki Castle during the Invasion of Odawara by Hideyoshi, and his descendants were later known as the Date clan of hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu).
- 永禄末年頃、本山氏を降した長宗我部元親は、自らの実弟にして宣直の女婿である親貞をして吉良氏の名跡を継がせた。
- Around the end of Eiroku era (1558-1570), after defeating the Motoyama clan, Motochika CHOSOKABE let his biological younger brother and Nobunao's son-in-law, Chikasada, succeed to the family name of Kira.
- 「家司」という言葉は荘園制が解体に向かった室町時代頃に公家における政所制度とともにほとんど用いられなくなる。
- The term 'Keishi' was hardly used along with the Mandokoro system in the nobility in the Muromachi Period, when the manorialism was going to dissolve.
- 40歳を過ぎた頃、主君彰子の父藤原道長の家司で武勇をもって知られた藤原保昌と再婚し、夫の任国丹後国に下った。
- When she was past the age of 40 she married FUJIWARA no Yasumasa, a retainer of her master Shoshi's father, Fujiwara no Michinaga; FUJIWARA, who was famous for his bravery, went to Tango, the country of her new husband's post.
- 藤壺の死去と同じ頃、源氏の叔父である桃園式部卿宮が死去したので、その娘、朝顔は斎院を退いて邸にこもっていた。
- Around the same time during the death of Fujitsubo, Genji's uncle, Momozono Shikibukyo no Miya passed away, so his daughter, Asagao, resigned from the post of Sai-in (Imperial Princess appointed to serve the deities of the Kamo-jinja Shrines), shut herself up in the residence.
- 熊本以外の藩でも18世紀末頃から熊本藩を見習って、明律を範とした司法改革を行う藩が次々と登場するようになった。
- Outside Kumamoto, many domains followed the Kumamoto Domain and began carrying out judicial reforms modeled after the Ming code since the end of the eighteenth century.
- この頃、九州において少弐氏に擁立されていた足利直冬は九州から駆逐され、同年11月に南朝に属して尊氏に抵抗する。
- Around this time, Tadafuyu ASHIKAGAWA, who was being protected by the Shoni clan, was chased out of Kyushu and in November of the same year, he joined the Southern Court and rebelled against Takauji.
- 明治維新で朝廷権力が復活したために、各地で勤皇の神社が建立され(湊川神社もこの頃)、天皇陵が各地で定められた。
- Since the power of the imperial court was restored by the Meiji Restoration, pro-Imperial shrines were built in various places (for example, Minatogawa-jinja Shrine was also built at around this time), and Imperial mausoleums were authorized in various places.
- 多くの兄弟姉妹中で幼い頃から聡明であった内親王は異母妹である常子内親王とともに父帝より特別に寵愛されたという。
- Among her many brothers and sisters, Akenomiya had been so bright and intellectual since childhood that her father, the Emperor, particularly favored her, as well as her half-sister by different mother, Imperial Princess Tsuneko.
- 頼長は諸大夫出身の美福門院を日頃から見下していたので躊躇するが、忠実は「已に国母たり」と説得した(『台記』)。
- Yorinaga who looked down on Bifukumonin who was Shodaibu (generic term for the fourth or fifth rank) hesitated to do so, but, Tadazane persuaded him saying `已に国母たり' ('Taiki' (diary of FUJIWARA no Yorinaga)).
- そのため、820年頃に太政官首班となった藤原冬嗣は、開発奨励政策を導入することで社会の変化に対応しようとした。
- For that reason, FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu who became the leader of the Grand Council of State in around 820 years attempted to respond to a changing society by implementing the incentives for development.
- 織田信長包囲網の一翼を担って一時期信長を苦しめた毛利氏は、羽柴秀吉の前に後退に次ぐ後退でひと頃の勢力を失った。
- The Mori clan that for a certain period had harassed Nobunaga by playing a part of an encircling net was forced by Hideyoshi HASHIBA to repeatedly retreat in succession and lost all the influence they had in the past.
- 上西跡(うえにしあと、資料によっては「植西跡」「上西家跡」とも)は、明治頃まで街道宿を営んでいた上西家の遺構。
- Uenishi-ato (ruins of the Uenishi house) is a trace of the inn along a major road, managed by the Uenishi family until about the Meiji era.
- これらは、山地の隆起以前、平地を蛇行していた頃の流路をそのまま保った川による侵食によって形成されたものである。
- These were formed by erosion by the rivers that kept its meandering stream which had been already fixed on the level lands before the upheaval of the mountains began.
- 鎌倉時代、1330年8月から1331年9月頃にまとめられたとする説が主流であるが、数多くの説があり定説はない。
- The view that it was compiled between August of 1330 and September of 1331in the Kamakura period is dominant, but there are many different opinions, any of which are not accepted widely.
- 紀元前5世紀中頃に、大陸から北部九州へと水稲耕作技術を中心とした生活体系が伝わり、九州、四国、本州に広がった。
- Around the fifth century B.C., life style of rice-paddy cultivation was introduced from the continent to northern Kyushu, and it spread to Kyushu, Shikoku, and Honshu (the main island of Japan).
- 小式部内侍(こしきぶのないし、長保元年(999年)頃 - 万寿2年(1025年)11月)は平安時代の女流歌人。
- Koshikibu no Naishi (ca. 999-November, 1025) was a female poet who lived during the Heian period.
- 俊恵(しゅんえ、永久 (元号)元年(1113年) - 建久2年(1191年)頃?)は、平安時代末期の僧・歌人。
- Shune (1113 - ca. 1191) was a priest and poet in the late Heian period.
- 紫の上の病状も小康状態になった夏の末頃、見舞いにやって来た源氏は偶然柏木からの恋文を見つけ、事の真相に気付く。
- At the end of the summer, when Murasaki no ue's condition is stable, Genji, who calls on her to inquire after her health, happens to find a love letter from Kashiwagi and finds out the truth.
- 口分田の祖型は、7世紀中葉の大化の改新頃に始まり、7世紀終盤の律令形成期に口分田制度が確立したと考えられている。
- It is considered that the original kubunden system began to be formed around the Taika Reforms, or in the middle era of the seventh century, and was established towards the end of seventh century when the ritsuryo system was formed.
- 院政の形態は存在しなくても律令政治初期の頃から、上皇が「天皇家の家父長」として天皇の保護者・後見者を担ってきた。
- Since the early days of government based on the ritsuryo legal codes, when cloistered government had not yet been formed, the retired emperor had taken the role of the emperor's protector and guardian upon himself as 'the patriarch of the emperor's family.'
- 類聚名義抄(るいじゅみょうぎしょう)は、11世紀末から12世紀頃に日本で成立した、漢字を引くための辞典(字書)。
- Ruiju myogisho is a dictionary (or glossary) of Chinese characters, compiled in Japan between the late 11th century and the early 12th century.
- 天正3年(1575年)頃の寺内には少なくとも450以上の坊院があり、僧侶など五千人以上が居住していたとみられる。
- It seems that there were more than 450 priest's houses in the temple and more than 5,000 people such as priests lived there around 1575.
- 慶長小判武蔵墨書小判(むさしすみがきこばん・むさしぼくしょこばん)(文禄4年(1595年)頃、4.8匁、84%)
- Keicho koban musashisumigaki koban (around 1595, 4,8 monme, 84%)
- 10世紀頃には宮中行事とは別に太上天皇や東宮(皇太子)、皇后などの主催でも私的に季御読経が催されるようになった。
- By the tenth century, aside from court functions, Kinomidokyo came to be held privately and hosted by the Daijo Tenno (Retired Emperor), the Togu (Crown Prince) or the Kogo (Empress).
- 一方、徳川光圀が『大日本史』の編纂を始めた頃幕府も天皇陵を立派にすることで、幕府の権威をより一層高めようとした。
- On the other hand, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) tried to enhance their authority by improving mausoleums, around the time when Mitukuni TOKUGAWA started compilation of 'Dainihonshi' (Great history of Japan).
- 『延喜式』によると、神武天皇陵は、平安時代の初め頃には、東西1町、南2町で大体100m×100mの広さであった。
- According to 'Engishiki' (codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), the area of Emperor Jimmu's mausoleum was 1-cho from east to west and 2-cho from south to north ('cho' is a unit for measuring length and is approximately 109 meters), i.e., about 100m X 100m.
- だが、『萬葉集』には8世紀以前の防人の歌は無いので、防人が置かれたのは九州王朝が滅亡した7世紀末頃と考えられる。
- Since the waka poems of Sakimori were not contained in 'Manyoshu' (Japan's oldest anthology of poems) before the eighth century, Sakimori is considered to be placed when the Kyusyu dynasty was destroyed at the end of the seventh century.
- 『日本書紀』、『古事記』は8世紀初頭頃に編纂されているので、ヤマト王権が確立したのは7世紀末であると推定される。
- The 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) and the 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) were compiled around the early nineteenth century, from which it is assumed that the Yamato kingship was established in the end of the seventh century.
- 昭和18年頃より予備工事が始まり、19年から近隣の勤労奉仕や朝鮮人を動員して急速設営された柳本飛行場で開かれた。
- The preliminary construction was started around 1943, and the Corps was started at Yamagimoto Airport, which was rapidly constructed by volunteers and Koreans in the neighborhood in 1944.
- 藤原長能(ふじわら の ながとう、天暦3年(949年) - 寛弘6年(1009年)頃?)は、平安時代中期の歌人。
- FUJIWARA no Nagato (949 - c. 1009) was a waka poet in the mid-Heian period.
- 右田弘詮は、1501年(文亀元)頃、その写本42帖を手に入れることが出来、数人の筆生を雇い書き写させて秘蔵した。
- Hiroaki MIGITA could get 42 volumes of the copied manuscript around 1501, and hired a few amanuenses to make copies which he treasured.
- 12世紀中期頃には貴族社会内部の紛争が武力で解決されるようになり、そのために動員された武士の地位が急速に上昇した。
- Around the middle of the 12th century, conflicts among the aristocracy were solved by force, which increased the status of warriors who were recruited solely for this purpose.
- 秋田蘭画を広く世に紹介した人物として、直武と同郷の日本画家で明治末年頃から昭和初期にかけて活躍した平福百穂がいる。
- The person to bring Akita Ranga to a wide audience was Hyakusui HIRAFUKU, who was a Japanese-style painter from the same prefecture as Naotake and had great success from the end of the Meiji period to the early Showa period.
- 登場した頃は主に注釈・解説を行ったが、のちに下欄の用語解説・注釈から、付録としての位置づけに役割が大きく変わった。
- When the Tosho first appeared, it mainly contained notes or explanations, then, it changed its role significantly from the column for explanations or notes for entry words below to the column for supplementary information.
- 桂離宮の書院は「古書院」「中書院」「新御殿」の3つの部分に分かれ、このうち古書院の建設は1615年頃と推定される。
- The Shoin of Katsura Rikyu separated into three sections, 'Kosho in,' 'Chusho in' and 'Shin Goten,' and the Kosho in was presumed to be built in 1615.
- その後、昭和20年(1945年)頃に宮町、昭和26年(1951年)に虚空蔵山町が成立し、現在は22町となっている。
- Then, the Miyamachi town was established in 1945 and Kokuzoyamacho Town was established in 1951; accordingly, there are currently twenty-two towns.
- また、その頃になると辞表の提出そのものも儀礼化していき、上表の手続そのものが有職故実の一環として後世に伝えられた。
- At that time, handing over a Jihyo became more like a ritual and the procedure of Johyo was carried over as a part of Yushoku-kojitsu (knowledge of court rules, ceremonies, decorum and records of the past).
- 韓国併合直前の1909年頃には、通信事業の職員や設備が暴徒に襲撃され死傷者を出す事件が多発したこともあったという。
- Just before the annexation of Korea in 1909, the staffs and facilities of communication services were frequently attacked by insurgents, which caused causalities.
- 浄弁(じょうべん、生年不詳 - 延文元年/正平 (日本)11年(1356年)頃?)は、鎌倉時代の天台宗の僧・歌人。
- Joben (date of birth unknown - around 1356?) was a poet and a Tendai sect monk who lived during the Kamakura period.
- しかし、鎌倉時代後期頃から、主に地頭によって、重層的な関係を解消し、一元的な支配体系が指向されるようになっていった。
- Around the latter half of the Kamakura period, the multi-tiered relationship disappeared mainly due to the appearance of jito, and it was oriented so as to introduce a unified control system.
- 官職秘抄(かんしょくひしょう)とは、鎌倉時代初期の元治2年(1200年)頃に平基親によって書かれた有職故実の解説書。
- The Kanshoku Hisho was a reference book concerning the yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) written by TAIRA no Motochika in 1200 in the early Kamakura period.
- 江戸時代前期頃の江戸の範囲は、現在の東京都千代田区とその周辺のみであり、江戸城の外堀はこれを取り囲むよう建造された。
- In the first half of the Edo Period, the city was no bigger than present day Chiyoda Ward and its surrounding areas, and the outer moat of the Edo Castle was dug to encompass this area.
- この頃、清国より伝わった印刷技術書『欽定武英殿聚珍版程式』がもたらされ、木活字印刷の改良が進んだことが背景にあった。
- This stems from the fact that the technical book of wood movable-type printing titled, 'Kintei Bueiden Shuchinbanteishiki,' was introduced from the Qing Dynasty, and the improvement of the wood movable-type printing technique took place.
- 「阿倍氏」がいつ頃から「安倍氏」と改めたかには諸説あるが、平安時代初期の延暦〜弘仁年間説が有力であると言われている。
- There are various theories about when '阿倍氏' was altered to '安倍氏,' but the most credible theory is that it happened during Enryaku era through Konin era, which was the early Heian period.
- 雑賀党の鈴木氏が本格的に歴史にあらわれるのは「雑賀孫市」の通称で知られる鈴木孫一が活躍した16世紀の中頃以降である。
- The Suzuki clan of Saigato came to be mentioned frequently in history as from the mid-16th century, when Magoichi SUZUKI, commonly known as 'Magoichi SAIGA' took an active role.
- そのため、14世紀中頃以降の熊野三山の統治組織には大きな変化が生じ始め、三山検校が熊野を直接把握を試みるようになる。
- Therefore, Kumano Sanzan's governing organization began to undergo major changes in the middle of 14th century and Sanzan Kengyo attempted to govern Kumano directly.
- 赤染衛門(あかぞめえもん、天暦10年(956年)頃? - 長久2年(1041年)以後)は、平安時代の女房、女流歌人。
- Akazome Emon (approximately 956 - after 1041) was a nyobo (court lady) and a waka poet in the Heian period.
- 大胆で自虐的な空想が日頃の作者の深い人間洞察を反映しており、他のパロディと呼ばれる作品の中でも傑出した作品と言える。
- The author's deep insight into human nature is reflected in this book by his bold and self-deprecating imagination, thus it can be regarded as an outstanding work among his other parodies.
- 雑賀衆は15世紀頃に歴史に現れ、応仁の乱の後、紀伊国と河内国の守護大名である畠山氏の要請に応じ近畿地方の各地を転戦。
- Saikashu appeared in history around the 15th century, and after the Onin War they fought in various battles in the Kinki region responding to requests from the Hatakeyama clan, which had provided the military governor and feudal lord of Kii and Kawachi Provinces for generations.
- 平安時代中葉の10世紀後期から11世紀の頃、地方の有力農民である田堵(たと)による田地開発とその私有地化が活発化した。
- In the mid-Heian period, from the late 10th century to the 11th century, farmland development and their privatization by Tato, local powerful farmers, had been accelerated.
- In the middle of the Heian period, around the late tenth century to eleventh century, development and privatization of rice fields by locally influential farmers called Tato (cultivators) were accelerated.
- 長保4年(1002年)11月に編纂が完了したが、允亮の歿年と考えられる寛弘5年(1008年)頃まで追記がなされている。
- The compilation was finished in December, 1002, and was followed by occasional addition until nearly 1008, which is thought to be the year of Tadasuke's death.
- 9世紀中期(855年頃)には肥後で実施された記録が残っており、その後(879年ごろ)、上総でも公営田が施行されている。
- In the middle of the 9th century (about 855), it was recorded the Kueiden system was conducted in Higo Province, and that later (about 879) Kueiden was also tried in Kazusa Province.
- 大江山の鬼退治が終わってしばらくした頃、源頼光以下四天王たちが集った酒宴の席で、近頃羅生門に鬼が出るという話になった。
- A while after the successful extermination of the oni on Mt. Oe, MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu and his followers, including the Four Great Warriors, are all gathered at a banquet when word reaches them that an oni has appeared at the nearby Rashomon.
- しかし、長暦2年(1038年)頃に両者の対立から宿曜道側が暦道の批判に回ったという(『春記』長暦2年11月27日条)。
- However, in about 1038 a conflict arose between them, and the scholars of sukuyodo began criticizing those of rekido (according to an entry in 'Shunki (Spring Tale)' dated December 31, 1038).
- 政盛は永正10年(1513年)頃までに善光寺平北部の中野郷を奪取して本拠地と定め、高梨氏の全盛期を築いたとされている。
- Masamori deprived Nakano in the northern parts of Zenkojidaira and made it a base around 1513, which led to the heyday of the clan.
- この頃、朝廷においては、後嵯峨天皇以後の皇位を巡って大覚寺統と持明院統の2系統に分立して幕府に皇位継承の調整を求めた。
- During this time, concerning imperial succession after the Emperor Gosaga, the Imperial Court had split into the Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama) and Jimyoin-to (imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu), and requested that the bakufu arrange the affairs of imperial succession.
- 父帝後水尾天皇が黄檗宗の庇護に努めたこともあり、内親王も幼少の頃より、高僧の法話に聞き入り仏教への親和を深めていった。
- Since her father, Emperor Gomizuno, had endeavored to give sanctuary to the Obaku sect, since her childhood the Imperial Princess experienced a deepened sense of belonging to Buddhism as she listened to the preaching of high priests.
- 葛野王(かどののおおきみ、天智天皇8年(669年)頃?-慶雲2年(705年)12月)は大友皇子(弘文天皇)の第一皇子。
- Kado no okimi (c. 669 - December, 705) was the first prince of the Prince Otomo (the Emperor Kobun).
- 雷神の言う通り生まれついて怪力を持ち、10歳の頃には力自慢で有名な皇族の王(おおきみ)の1人と力比べで勝つほどだった。
- True to what Raijin had said, the child was born with marvelous physical strength; around the age of ten he won over one of okimi (great kings) who boasted their great strength, in a fight for measuring strength.
- 直衣は普通下襲の裾を引かないが、10世紀頃までは、直衣の下に下襲を重ね、石帯を締める「直衣布袴」がさかんに用いられた。
- Noshi was generally worn with Shitagasane without Kyo (a type of strings), until the 10th century, it was common to wear 'Noshi hoko' when people wore Noshi with Shitagasane underneath with Sekitai (a type of belt).
- この頃、田楽・猿楽といった庶民の雑芸が上流貴族の生活にも入り込んでいて、後白河も今様(俗謡)を好み熱心に研究していた。
- During this period, various artistic performances like Dengaku (ritual music and dancing performed in association with rice planting) and Sarugaku (form of theater becoming the basis for Noh) were spread among the upper class court nobles, Emperor Goshirakawa liked Imayo (Popular songs) and he studied eagerly.
- 宇多天皇の頃の歌合に参加、寛平6年(894年)宇多天皇の勅命により家集『句題和歌』(大江千里集)を撰集・献上している。
- He took part in an uta-awase (poetry contest) in the reign of the Emperor Uda, and in 894, he composed and presented a personal collection 'Kudai Waka' (Waka on Themes of Lines) (Oe no Chisato Shu) due to an imperial order from the Emperor Uda.
- 『古今和歌集』が編纂された10世紀初め頃より、漢詩の紀伝道(文章道)に対抗して「うたのみち」が唱えられるようになった。
- Since around the early 10th century when 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) was compiled, 'uta no michi' (the way of waka) was advocated against Kidendo, a study of Chinese poetry (also called Monjodo).
- 土地課税を重視する考えは9世紀前期の藤原冬嗣執政期の頃から存在していたが、個別人身支配の原則を覆すまでには至らなかった。
- Although the idea of emphasizing tax on land existed in the era when FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu was in power during the first half of the 9th century, it stopped short of reversing the principle of people-based governance.
- ちょうどその頃に登場した三浦氏の場合は、家長・三浦義明の弟は岡崎義実を名乗り、その嫡男は佐奈田義忠(真田とも)を名乗る。
- The younger brother of Yoshiaki MIURA, who was the family head of Miura clan that appeared at that time, named himself Yoshizane OKAZAKI and his legal son took the name of Yoshitada SANADA (written as 佐奈田 as well as 真田).
- 9世紀末頃からは、「追捕官符」の発布を受けた国司(国衙機構)が自らの裁量で国内の郡司・富豪層を軍事編成するようになった。
- Around the end of the ninth century kokushi (provincial officials) (in the kokuga [provincial office structure]) who received 'tsuibu kanpu' (Warrants of Pursuit and Capture) from the Imperial Court were able to form, at their discretion, troops with gunji and the rich and powerful class.
- ところが、明応6年(1497年)頃に守護代長尾氏が越後の国政を掌握すると、天王寺苧座の購入独占権が否定されるようになる。
- However, when the Nagao clan, which assumed 'Shugodai' (deputy of 'Shugo' [provincial constable]) of Echigo Province, gained control of the province administration around 1497, the clan did not permit Tennoji so-za the exclusive aoso-purchasing right.
- 童子は自分が鬼を捕まえて見せると言い、ある夜に鐘楼で待ち構え、未明の頃に鬼が現れるや、その髪の毛を捕えて引きずり回した。
- Saying that he would catch the ogre, the doji waited at shoro one night, and as soon as it appeared in the predawn hours, he caught the ogre by the hair and dragged it about.
- 一方、中御茶屋は、同じ頃後水尾上皇の皇女の御所として造営されたもので、1885年(明治18年)に修学院離宮に編入された。
- However, Naka no O-chaya was built as an Imperial Palace for the Retired Emperor Gomizunoo's Imperial princess around same time, and it was incorporated into Shugakuin Imperial Villa in 1885.
- 豊臣秀吉の京都改造の際に1587年頃より洛中の太閤検地を行い、続いて1591年には京都中心部を囲うように土居を建設した。
- When reconstructing Kyoto, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI implemented his Taiko-kenchi land survey in Rakuchu from around 1587, and in 1591 he constructed doi (mound) around central Kyoto.
- 6代将軍足利義教の頃には永享の乱で鎌倉府が衰亡し、信満の子の武田信重の代に結城合戦で功績を挙げ再興のきっかけをつかんだ。
- When the power of Kamakurafu eroded as the result of the Eikyo Disturbance in the era of sixth shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, Nobumitsu's son Nobushige TAKEDA achieved distinguished war service in the Battle of Yuki and seized the opportunity to restore the clan.
- 建武_(日本)・暦応年間頃に備前において布教活動をしていた大覚(日像門人)に宗論を挑んで敗れた松田元喬がこれを保護した。
- After Mototaka MATSUDA challenged Daikaku (a disciple of Nichizo), who was doing missionary work in Bizen during Kenmu and Rekio era (1334-1341), on a religious debate and lost, and he protected this.
- ベースとなる原史料の種類・著者を推定することの最も困難な時期が、ちょうど源平合戦の時代1180年から1184年頃である。
- The most difficult time to make an assumption about the kind of source material and its author is between 1180 and 1184, around the time of the Genpei War.
- 1751年(宝暦元年)18歳、遊蕩を覚えた反面、この頃から俳諧に遊び、戯作を耽読し、和漢の古典を探るなど、基礎を養った。
- In 1751, at age 18, he began to indulge in debauchery, but on the other hand, he strengthened the foundations of his studies, enthusiastically learning haikai (playful linked verse), reading gesaku (plays), and exploring the Japanese and Chinese classics.
- 第2次世界大戦前には「神代史」「太古史」など言われ、戦後(1970年代頃まで)には吾郷清彦が「超古代文書」と呼んでいた。
- Prior to World War II, they were called 'jindaishi (history of mythological age)' or 'taikoshi (history of ancient times)' and, after the war (until the 1970s) Kiyohiho AGO called them 'chokodai monjo (super-ancient documents).'
- この事件が事実がどうかはともかく、平氏一門の専横と源氏への日頃の軽侮に対する長年の不満が爆発は、理由として挙げられている。
- Regardless of whether this particular incident in fact occurred, the despotism of the Taira clan coupled with long years of simmering resentment among the Minamoto clan for the contempt they were forced to endure eventually led to an eruption of anger, which became the motive to raise troops in revolt.
- 13世紀から14世紀頃には、現在アイヌと呼ばれる民族と同一とみられる「蝦夷」が存在していたことが文献史料上から確認される。
- In some historical documents it can be confirmed that a group called 'Ezo,' who seem to have been identical to today's Ainu, already lived in Japan by the thirteenth century through the fourteenth century.
- 憲法の起草は、夏島(現在の神奈川県横須賀市夏島町)の伊藤博文別荘を本拠に、1887年(明治20年)6月4日頃から行われた。
- Drafting of a constitution began on around June 4, 1887, at a villa of Hirobumi ITO in Natsushima (now Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture).
- 平安時代末期、それこそ12世紀中頃の武士団の結合はどうだったのかというと、一番強い結束力はやはり「血縁」だったようである。
- The strongest bonding strength was 'blood relation' without a doubt if one contemplated about the unification of bushidan of the late Heian period or the mid-twelfth Century.
- 明の朱元璋がこの頃北九州で活動していた倭寇と呼ばれる海上勢力の鎮圧を要求する国書を懐良親王に送ると、懐良ははじめは断った。
- When Gensho SHU in Ming sent to Imperial Prince Kanenaga a sovereign's message that SHU required to have Imperial Prince Kanenaga suppress the pirates called wako (Japanese pirates) that were active in Kyushu around that time, at first, Kanenaga refused.
- この頃までは義満と義弘の関係は良好だったが、応永4年(1397年)、義満は金閣寺の造営を始め、諸大名に人数の供出を求めた。
- Up until this point, the relationship between Yoshimitsu and Yoshihiro had been very cordial, but in 1397, Yoshimitsu began construction of Kinkaku-ji Temple, and consequently wanted the various daimyo to contribute people towards this project.
- また、この頃に高瀬川を暗渠化し、京都市電を拡幅する都市計画道路が検討されたが、地元住民の反対により、河原町通に変更された。
- Around this time, the construction of a city planned road was proposed to cover the Takase-gawa River in order to widen a lane of the Kyoto City Trams, but the lane was instead laid out on the Kawaramachi-dori Street due to opposition from residents.
- このあたりは地理的には丹波国に属し、荘園制度があった頃から、このあたりに人が住み着いて山稼ぎをして生計を立てていたという。
- Geographically, this area belonged to Tanba Province and it is said that since the manorial system people lived here earning their livelihood by logging and hunting.
- 鎌倉時代末期の朝廷や室町幕府が酒屋役を「洛中辺土」に課しており、応仁の乱の頃から辺土に替わって洛外という語が一般的になる。
- The Imperial Court and the Muromachi bakufu imposed Sakaya yaku (taxes imposed on sake brewing) on 'Rakuchu Hendo' at the end of the Kamakura period, and it became general practice to use the name Rakugai instead of Hendo since around the time of the Onin War.
- また、山背国太秦は秦河勝が建立した広隆寺があり、この地の古墳は6世紀頃のものであり、年代はさほど遡らないことが推定される。
- In addition, Koryu-ji Temple, built by HATA no Kawakatsu, was located in the Uzumasa in Yamashiro Province, and burial mounds on this site do not date back further than to about the sixth century.
- 馬一頭が運ぶ荷物の目方(質量)を表す駄法と関連があるとされる記事が、1300年頃に編纂されたとされる『拾芥抄』の中にある。
- 'Shugaisho' (an ancient encyclopedia), which is said to have been compiled around 1300, has an article that it is related to daho (a system of weight units, seen for the load carried by a horse).
- 安元三年(1177)四月二十八日午後八時頃、都の東南(現在のJR京都駅付近か)で、舞人の宿屋が火の不始末が原因で出火した。
- Around 8 p.m., on April 28, 1177, a fire broke out through the careless handling of burning things in the inn of a dancer in the southeast of the capital (near the present JR Kyoto Station).
- 若い頃から朝顔に執着していた源氏は、朝顔と同居する叔母女五の宮の見舞いにかこつけ頻繁に桃園邸を訪ね、紫の上を不安にさせる。
- Genji, who had been attached to Asagao since he was young, often visited the residence of Momozono under the pretext that he called on his aunt, Onna Gonomiya, living with Asagao, to inquire after her health, which made Murasaki no ue feel uneasy.
- 藤原 敦頼(ふじわら の あつより、寛治4年(1090年) - 寿永元年(1182年)頃?)は、平安時代後期の公家・歌人。
- FUJIWARA no Atsuyori (1090 - ca. 1182) was a court noble and poet in the late Heian period.
- その頃玉鬘の実父頭中将も、夢占でかつて夕顔 (源氏物語)との間にもうけた娘が他人の養女になっているだろうと告げられていた。
- Around that time, Tamakazura's real father, To no Chujo, was told by a dream diviner that his daughter by Yugao had been adopted by someone else.
- 3.の詞書によると、行遍は若年の頃、熊野新宮の社僧・御師としてその家業に従いつつ、熊野で修行する西行から歌道を学んでいる。
- According to the foreword to the third poem, when Gyohen was young, he studied the art of composing tanka poetry under Saigyo who was leading an ascetic life at Kumano following the custom of shaso or onshi of Kumano Shingu.
- しかし、具体的な活動が記述されるのは6世紀中頃の蘇我稲目(そが・の・いなめ)からで、それ以前に関してはよく分かっていない。
- However, the specific accounts were not recorded until SOGA no Iname appeared in the mid-6th century, and events before that remain largely unknown.
- 天武天皇の頃に使用されたと考えられており(天智天皇のときに使用されたとする説もある)、白鳳文化もこの時期に最盛期を迎えた。
- The era name of Hakuo is thought to have been used around the time of the Emperor Tenmu (another theory is around the time of the Emperor Tenchi), when the Hakuho culture was also at its best.
- 傀儡子(くぐつ、傀儡とも言う)とは、9世紀頃から各資料に現れだした、諸国を旅し、芸能によって生計を営んでいた集団の事である。
- Kugutsu were groups of people who traveled around the country and made a living in the performing arts, appearing on the records from around the ninth century.
- また、口分田は原則として売買・譲渡・質入などが禁じられていたにもかかわらず、奈良時代後期頃から質入などの問題が発生していた。
- Although it was prohibited to trade, transfer and pawn kubunden, problems, such as pawning kubunden, began arising starting towards the latter half of the Nara period.
- さらに、戦後大きく後退していた日本の歴史の独自性を強調する立場が、平成初年頃から自由主義史観と称してその主張を展開している。
- In addition, the power of strongly insisting on the uniqueness of Japanese history, which has become considerably weaker after the war, has insisted its views as liberalism-based views of history.
- 西欧でも日本で早合が使用される20年程前の1550年頃から、「ペーパーカートリッジ」と呼ばれる早合と似た物が使用されていた。
- In the West, 'paper cartridges,' which were similar to hayagos, were used since around 1550, twenty years before the first use of a hayago in Japan.
- そのため、加藤清正が捕虜にした李氏朝鮮の2人の王子(臨海君・順和君)の返還と引き替えに釜山周辺の南部へ4月頃までに移陣した。
- Therefore, they moved their camps to the southern areas around Busan by May in exchange of two princes (Prince Imhaegun and Prince Sunhwagun) of Yi Dynasty Korea who had been captured by Kiyomasa KATO.
- 戦国中期頃から核家族の存在が確認されはじめ、客や遊侠といった誠実関係を中心とした支配-被支配の関係が見出されるようになった。
- Nuclear families were confirmed in the middle of the Zhangguo period and rulers and subjects relations base on sincere relationships such as Ke and Youxia.
- 天皇機関説は、明治時代の終わりから頃までの30年余りにわたって、憲法学の通説とされ、政治運営の基礎的理論とされた学説である。
- The Emperor Organ Theory had been regarded as a popular theory in the Study of Constitution over 30 years from the end of Meiji Period, and it was a basic theory related to management of politics.
- 気象庁が梅雨入り・梅雨明けの情報提供を始めたのは1955年(昭和30年)頃とされ、「お知らせ」として報道機関に連絡していた。
- It is said that the Japan Meteorological Agency began to provide information of tsuyuiri and tsuyuake around 1955 and it was communicated to information mediums as 'oshirase' (notice).
- ちょうど、その時期が卯の花が咲く頃にあたり、卯の花を腐らせるような雨ということから、卯の花腐し(くたし)とも呼ぶことがある。
- As unohana (deutzia) blossoms bloom just in this period, it is called also 'unohanakutashi,' which hints the rain that spoils blossoms.
- 醍醐天皇の時代に三善清行が大学頭・文章博士を務めて参議まで至り、延喜3年(903年)頃にはカバネを宿禰から朝臣に改められた。
- In the era of the Emperor Daigo, Kiyoyuki (or Kiyotsura) MIYOSHI was appointed Daigaku no kami (Director of the Bureau of Education) and Monjo hakase (professor of literature), rising to the position of Sangi (councilor), and the kabane (official status title) of the clan was changed from Sukune to Ason (second highest of the eight hereditary titles) around 903.
- 戦国期において水野氏が勢力を伸ばすのは、15世紀中頃、水野貞守が尾張知多郡小河(知多郡東浦町緒川)に拠点を置いたのに始まる。
- It was from the middle of the 15th century when Sadamori MIZUNO set his base in Ogawa, Chita County, Owari Province (Ogawa, Higashiura-cho, Chita County) that the Mizuno clan began expanding their power.
- 家祖鈴木重善は鈴木重家の親族で鎌倉時代から南北朝時代 (日本)の頃に三河国矢並(愛知県豊田市矢並町)に土着したと伝えられる。
- The family ancestor, Shigeyoshi SUZUKI was a relative of Shigeie SUZUKI, and it is said that he was settled in Yanami, Mikawa Province (Yanami-cho, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture) during the Kamakura period or the Period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 1月31日午前9時頃、鳴沢北方の炭焼き小屋にいた三浦武雄伍長と阿部卯吉一等卒の2人が救出されるが三浦伍長は救出後に死亡した。
- Around 9 a.m. on January 31, Corporal Takeo MIURA and Private First Ukichi ABE, who had been staying in a charcoal making shack in the northern Narusawa, were rescued, though Corporal Miura died after being rescued.
- 平安時代中期(『拾遺和歌集』頃とされる)には名声の高まりに合わせて、私家集の『赤人集』(三十六人集のひとつ)も編まれている。
- During the middle of the Heian Period, around the time when 'Shui Wakashu' (Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poems) was compiled, his private poetry collection, 'Akahito shu,' (one of the Sanjurokunin shu, or Collected Poems of Thirty-six Poets) was written as his reputation grew.
- 京都の八文字屋から出版されたものは特に「八文字屋本(はちもんじやぼん)」と呼び、元禄から18世紀中頃の明和期まで刊行された。
- Books published by the Hachimonjiya (a bookstore) in Kyoto were called 'Hachimonjiya-bon,' and were published from the Genroku era to the Meiwa era in the mid-18th century.
- 日本の室町幕府と中国の明朝との間で行われた日明貿易(勘合貿易)は、室町初期の幕府3代将軍足利義満、明の建文帝の頃に開始された。
- The Japan-Ming trade (tally trade) between the Muromachi bakufu (feudal government headed by a shogun) in Japan and the Ming Dynasty in China began around the time when the third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA of the early Muromachi bakufu governed Japan and Emperor Jianwen ruled China.
- 世界各地の農業社会では、その初期の頃から、播種期に種子を貸与し、収穫期に利子を付けて返済させる慣行が生まれたと考えられている。
- In the agrarian society worldwide, it is thought that a system, in which seeds were loaned to peasants in the planting season to make them pay back the loaned seeds and the born interest in the harvesting season, was launched in the early days.
- 平安中期頃になると、高級貴族や有力寺社(権門勢家)が、ある国の租税収取権を掌握し、国司を自由に任命する権利を得るようになった。
- Entering the middle era of the Heian period, high-class nobles, dominant temples and shrines (or powerful groups in other words) took hold of the right to collect taxes in a province, acquiring the right to freely appoint kokushi there.
- 寛平から延喜の頃と考えられている「奴婢の廃止」より後の史料にわずかに用例が残っているものの、間もなく消滅したと考えられている。
- Though a few examples remain in the historical documents after 'the abolition of slavery,' which is thought to have occurred from the Kanpyo era to the Engi era, the class most likely disappeared shortly.
- 鎌倉時代(かまくらじだい、1185年頃-1333年)は、日本史で幕府が鎌倉に置かれていた時代を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
- The Kamakura period (1185-1333, called 'Kamakura jidai' in Japanese) describes one distinct period in Japanese history in which the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was located in the city of Kamakura.
- 9世紀末頃になると、百姓らの偽籍・浮浪・逃亡が顕著となり、軍事動員の対象となるべき百姓を各戸ごとに把握することが困難となった。
- At the end of the 9th century, false registration, vagrancy, or escape by farmers became prominent; therefore, it was difficult to know for each household who could be mobilized in military affairs.
- しかし、この頃には、日清戦争後の三国干渉によって対ロシア戦を意識しだした軍部も、鉄道国有問題を第一義とするようになっていった。
- However, the military that began to be aware of the war against Russia with the Triple Intervention after the Sino-Japanese War came to consider the issue of railway nationalization as the primary purpose.
- 朝鮮半島においては、李氏朝鮮(1392年-1910年)末、19世紀頃、王の外戚、安東金氏による政治「勢道政治」が行われていた。
- In the Korean Peninsula, in the late Yi Dynasty Korea (1392 - 1910) or around the nineteenth century, 'sedo jeongchi' or politics by the Kim clan of Andong district, the maternal relative of the king, was conducted.
- その13年後の795年、淡路から和泉国に移されたのを最後に、史料上での消息が途切れる事から、この頃に亡くなったものと思われる。
- Due to the fact that there is no further mention of her in historical materials after being moved from Awaji to Izumi Province 13 years later in 795, it is believed she died around this time.
- また、元正天皇への継承は、幼かった皇太子首皇子(聖武天皇・第42代文武天皇の皇子・元明天皇の頃に立太子)の即位が前提であった。
- The succession to Emperor Gensho was based on the condition of the accession of young Prince Obito (the Prince of Emperor Shomu and the forty-second Emperor Monmu; he became a Prince during the era of Emperor Genmei) to the imperial throne.
- 一般に、南の地域ほど梅雨の到来は早く、沖縄は5月中旬から6月下旬、東北・北陸では6月下旬から7月下旬頃となるのが平均的である。
- In general, baiu comes earlier in the southern region and, on an average, it is from the middle of May to the end of June in Okinawa and from the end of June to the end of July in the Tohoku region and the Hokuriku region.
- 新古今集の代表的歌人で「願はくば花の下にて春死なむその如月の望月の頃」と詠った西行法師も吉野をたびたび訪れ多くの秀歌を残した。
- Saigyo Hoshi (Buddhist priest Saigyo), an author of the poem 'I hope to die under the cherry blossoms in spring, around the time of full moon in April,' is one of the most famous poets found in Shinkokin Wakashu and frequently visited Yoshino where he wrote many excellent poems.
- その後、元禄2年(1689年)頃より、特定の役職に対する役料支給が行われ、同5年(1692年)には役料制度が正式に復活された。
- Then, around 1689, yakuryo for specific posts was re-introduced, and in 1692, the yakuryo system was officially brought back.
- 平安時代前期、摂関政治が導入された9世紀後半頃から、諸国からの上申文書を太政官が奏上する行為を単に「官奏」と呼ぶようになった。
- From around the last half of ninth century in the early Heian Period, when regency was introduced to Japanese politics, it became called just 'Kanso' for Daijokan (the Grand Council of State) to submit to the Emperor the reports which it had received from various provinces.
- 米良氏が発行した旗本札には、文久2年(1862年)頃発行と推定される五百文、百文、四十八文の額面の御勝手座発行の銭預札がある。
- The Hatamoto-satsu issued by the Mera clan included 500-mon, 100-mon or 48-mon Zeni-azukari-satsu (銭預札; paper money equivalent to zeni copper coins) issued by Okatte-za (御勝手座; an organization to undertake the paper money) in around 1862.
- 平安京の貴族藤原兼家と常陸国の源氏の母の間に生まれ、83歳で死んだとされるが、15、16世紀頃の人物として扱われることもある。
- It is said that Oguri was born as a son of FUJIWARA no Kaneie, an aristocrat in Heian-kyo (ancient capital of Japan in present-day Kyoto), and a woman from the Minamoto clan in Hitachi Province and died at the age of 83, but he is sometimes depicted as a personality in the 15th or 16th century.
- 生まれた頃から歯が生え揃っていた、巨体であったなど周囲から恐れられ、鬼と化した後は酒呑童子と出会い舎弟となり、共に京を目指した。
- Legend has it that his most fearsome characteristics included having all his teeth at birth and being of enormous size, which struck fear into the hearts of all his neighbors; after transforming into an oni, he encountered Shuten Doji and became his underling, and then together they plotted to terrorize the capital (Kyoto).
- 農奴が保有財産を転貸することは珍しくなく、13世紀頃からは領地(領主の直轄地)での労役の代わりに金銭納入が行われるようになった。
- It was not rare for the serfs to sublease their estate, and from the thirteenth century the payment of money began instead of labor services on the land (the land directly controlled by the lords).
- 一方妙顕寺に移った36名は、同年12月13日辰刻(午前九時頃)に妙顕寺を出立し京市中引き回しの上、六条河原で首を討たれていった。
- On the other hand, 36 persons moved to Myoken-ji Temple, departed Myoken-ji Temple around nine o'clock in the morning on January 9, 1580, and after public exposure in the city of Kyoto were beheaded at Rokujogawara.
- 宮中の公式行事として確立したのは貞観 (日本)元年(859年)であるが、この頃には「四季御読経」として年間を通じて催されていた。
- Kinomidokyo was established as an official function of the Imperial Court in 859, but by this time it had already been held as a 'Shikinomidokyo' (seasonal reading of the Great Perfection of Insight Sutra) throughout the year.
- 雄輝の実子が俳優の池畑慎之介で、幼児の頃から父に厳しく仕込まれていたため、長らく「吉村雄秀」の名取名を持つ才能ある舞踊家だった。
- An actor Shinnosuke IKEHATA is Yuki's biological child and he was trained by his father when he was a child and he had been a talented dancer for a long time with the name of natori (the holder of a diploma in Japanese dance) 'Yushu YOSHIMURA.'
- 元治元年8月頃 近藤勇の態度に遺憾を感じた永倉新八、原田左之助、斎藤一、島田魁、尾関雅次郎らが会津・松平容保に非行五ヶ条を提出。
- Around August of 1864, Shinpachi NAGAKURA, Sanosuke HARADA, Hajime SAITO, Kai SHIMADA, Masajiro OZEKI and others, who were unsatisfied with Isami KONDO's attitude, submitted a five-point report of misconduct to Katamori MATSUDAIRA of Aizu.
- こうした家々は院政期の頃から音楽の家柄である「楽の家」や武門の家柄である「弓馬の家」に倣って「日記の家」と呼ばれるようになった。
- As a result, during the Insei period (during which retired Emperors ruled), such families came to be called 'Nikki no ie' (houses with diaries), a nomenclature that mimicked earlier terms like 'Raku no ie' (musical houses) for those families historically famous for their musical accomplishment, as well as 'Kyuba no ie' (houses of fine archery and horsemanship) for families considered famous for their skill in the martial arts.
- それでも不動穀引継のための儀式は実態がないまま、国司の制度が存在していた南北朝時代_(日本)頃まで継続していたと考えられている。
- Yet it is thought that the ceremony for transfer of Fudokoku did exist although there was no existence of real warehouse until the period of the Northern and Southern Courts in which the provincial governor system still existed.
- この条約が締結される頃の東アジア世界は、近代的国際法を掲げながら、実際には弱肉強食を旨とする西欧列強が浸透してくる時期にあたる。
- When this treaty was concluded, the powerful countries of Western Europe were spreading into East Asia, holding up the modern international law on one hand but practicing the principle of survival of the fittest on the other hand.
- 鎌倉時代中期頃まで、騎馬武者による個人戦を原則としたことから、足軽は従者や運搬などの兵站や土木作業に従事させられることが多かった。
- Until the mid-Kamakura period, the general practice of one-to-one combat between mounted warriors meant that it was often the case that ashigaru were engaged as servants and porters in fields such as logistics and construction.
- その上、そういった当時(古墳時代前~中期頃)に築造された可能性のある古墳もなければ、さりとて弥生時代の墳丘墓と見られるものもない。
- There were no tumuluses that could possibly have been built around that time (early to mid-Kofun period (tumulus period)), nor were there any grave mounds from the Yayoi period.
- 5世紀頃には対外的に「可畏天王」、「貴國天王」あるいは単に「天王」等と称していたものが推古朝または天武朝に「天皇」とされた等の説。
- There is a theory stating that around 5th century, they were called 'Kai Daio,' 'Kikoku Daio,' or simply 'Daio' (great king) externally, but it was fixed to 'Tenno' in the Reign of Empress Suiko or the Reign of Emperor Tenmu.
- 幕末の頃になると京都では尊皇攘夷を叫び、幕府に反対する勤王・倒幕の志士による天誅・商家への押し込みや強盗などの騒乱が横行しだした。
- At the end of Edo period, in Kyoto, riots started to prevail as though they were punishments from heaven, burglaries of merchant residences, and robberies by zealous supporters of imperialism and the shogunate-overthrowing philosophy that advocated reverence for the Emperor and expulsion of the barbarians and those who opposed the bakufu.
- 宣経の死去後家督を継いだ宣直の頃、土佐中央部に進出してきた本山氏と土佐西部の土佐一条氏に挟まれた状況を打開するため一条氏と結んだ。
- Around the time of Nobunao who succeeded the family estate after Nobutsune's death, joined the Ichijo clan to break the situation in being caught between the two clans; the Motoyama clan which had expanded power to the center part and the Tosa Ichijo clan in the west part.
- ほぼ同じ頃である慶安元年(1648年)頃に描かれた『大日本五道中図屏風』は、五街道及び江戸から長崎市までの陸路・海路を描いている。
- Around 1648, 'Dainihon Godouchuzu Byobu' (Screen Picture of Five Major Roads of Great Japan) came out; it describes five major roads of Japan and the land route and sea route to Nagasaki from Edo; the publication time was about the same with the 'Tokaido Emakimono.'
- 歌壇でも活躍し、長治2年(1105年)頃奏覧の『堀河院御時百首和歌』に出詠し、生前編纂された第四勅撰後拾遺和歌集の作者にもなった。
- He was also very active in poetry circles, composing a poem for the imperial collection of 1105, 'Horikawa-in On-toki Hyakushu Waka' (Horikawa Hundred Poems); additionally, his poem was chosen for the Goshui wakashu, the fourth imperial anthology of waka poetry, which was edited while he was still alive.
- 大中臣 頼基(おおなかとみ の よりもと、仁和2年(886年)頃? - 天徳 (日本)2年(958年)?)は、平安時代中期の歌人。
- ONAKATOMI no Yorimoto (c. 886 - c. 958) was a waka poet in the mid-Heian period.
- その中に、鎌倉時代の初めの頃、当時京都守護であった平賀朝雅とその一行が、蓮華王院の宝蔵に秘蔵されていた絵巻を見せてもらったとある。
- In that Okibumi, there was a description of Tomomasa HIRAGA, who was Kyoto-shugo (military governor of Kyoto), and his group were shown the Emaki which was secretly held in the hozo (treasure house) of Rengeo-in Temple in the early Kamakura period.
- 八月の十五夜の頃、源氏が女三宮のところで古琴を爪弾いていると、蛍兵部卿宮や夕霧 (源氏物語)がやって来て、そのまま管弦の宴となる。
- Around the 15th night of August, when Genji plays the kokin (ancient stringed instrument) at Onna Sannomiya's residence, Hotaru Hyobukyo no Miya and Yugiri come over and they have a banquet with wind and string instruments there.
- 大王(おおきみ)とは、一般に3世紀後半から7世紀末頃、古墳時代から飛鳥時代にかけてのヤマト王権(倭国)の首長を指していう歴史用語。
- Okimi is a historical term which generally refers to the chief of the Yamato sovereignty (Japan) from the latter half of the third century to the end of the seventh century which is from the Kofun (tumulus) period to the Asuka period.
- なお、「令宗」(よしむね)の姓は、惟宗氏全員の改姓ではなく、長保元年(999年)頃、允亮と彼の弟と思われる惟宗允正のみに与えられた。
- By the way, the surname 'Yoshimune' was not another name for all members of the Koremune clan, but was granted around 999 only to Tadasuke and KOREMUNE no Tadamasa, who is thought to be Tadasuke's younger brother.
- なお、日本美術史では20世紀末頃から「弘仁・貞観時代」という表記をあまり用いなくなり、「平安時代前期」と称することが多くなっている。
- In Japanese art history, the term 'Konin-Jogan Culture' has become less common from the end of the twentieth century, and the term 'early Heian period' is commonly used.
- 13世紀中期頃から、貨幣経済の浸透と商品流通の活発化、村落の形成、地頭ら武士による荘園公領への侵出など、大きな社会変動が生じ始めた。
- Starting around the middle of the 13th century, the social system started changing drastically: For example, money had become used in the economy, goods were circulated actively, and samurai, such as jito (managers and lords of manors), had advanced into shoen koryo (public lands and private estates).
- また、旧丹波国域も1965年頃から亀岡市など南丹地区は京都市との結びつきが強くなり、現在では船井郡以南を南部と指すのが一般的である。
- In addition, the Nantan area of former Tanba Province, such as Kameoka City, has become closely related to Kyoto City since around 1965, and now it is customary that, when the term of 'the south area' is used, Funai-gun and its southern areas are included in it.
- また、捜索活動初期の頃、北海道からアイヌ人一行を招き、彼等と彼等が所有する猟犬と共に捜索活動を行い、遺体発見でかなりの成果を挙げた。
- In the early stages of the search, they invited a party of Ainu tribe from Hokkaido, searching with them and their hunting dogs, finding bodies successfully.
- 複数の歌人による百首歌は、1105年(長治2年)~1106年(長治3年)頃堀河天皇に奏覧された「堀河院御時百首和歌」が最初とされる。
- The first set of one hundred poems written by a number of poets is presumed to be the 'One Hundred Waka of the Horikawa-in Era,' which was submitted to Emperor Horikawa at around 1105 to 1106.
- 右衛門尉は若い頃、妻の実家が財産家というだけで結婚してしまったが、本来好色家であるため、現在では年長の妻を娶ったことを後悔している。
- Uemon no jo got married to her just because her parents were rich, but he is naturally a lecherous man, regretting that he took a wife who is older than he.
- 天元 (日本)元年(978年)頃から書かれていたらしいが、現存するのは天元5年(982年)~長元5年(1032年)の部分のみである。
- It appears Sanesuke began writing it starting in about 978, but the only currently extant section is the portion from 982 to 1032.
- 元禄の頃には、本文の右側に読み下しに必要なふりがな、左にはそれぞれの文字が持つ、本文以外の読みについてのふりがなを振ったものが現れた。
- The period from 1688 to 1703 saw the appearance of those that contained two kinds of furigana; one was necessary for reading body texts and placed to their right, and the other to the left showed another way of reading them.
- 10世紀中期頃、国衙行政は在庁官人の手で運営されるようになり、受領の中には任国へ赴任せず、在庁官人へ行政を任せる者も多くなっていった。
- During the middle of the tenth century, the administration of kokuga came to be managed by zaichokanjins, some of the zuryos did not go to their place of assignment and often left administration to the zaichokanjins.
- しかし小規模な路線が多く経営的には苦しく、1955年(昭和30年)頃から比叡山方面への進出をもくろむ京阪電気鉄道の傘下となっていった。
- However, managing many small-scale routes led to the financial difficulties for the company, from around 1955, many routes were sold to Keihan Electric Railway, which was planning to extend their business in the Mt. Hiei area.
- 当然このような劣悪な状況では途中で飢餓や病により倒れたり、死亡したりして行旅死亡人となる者も多く、初期の頃から社会問題化し始めていた。
- As a matter of course, the severe conditions caused many people to collapse from starvation and illnesses or even die en route, causing the issue to be recognized as a social problem.
- 恬子内親王(やすいこないしんのう、不詳(848年頃?) - 延喜13年6月18日 (旧暦)(913年7月24日))。第31代伊勢斎宮。
- Imperial Princess Yasuiko (ca. 848 - July 29, 913) was the thirty-first Saigu (Imperial Princess appointed to serve the deities of the Ise-jingu Shrine) of Ise.
- ここから、1447年頃に30歳ぐらいで少なくとも3人の子息がいたことは明らかだが、それ以外のことは史料が少なく、事績も全く不詳である。
- From this, it is apparent that he was around 30 years old and had at least three sons in circa 1447, but there are few historical materials other than these facts, and his achievements are unknown.
- 本来は贈与の意味であったが、鎌倉時代初め頃より(訴訟における)和解という意味も持つようになり、中世を通じて両方の意味で用いられていた。
- The term, originally meaning the gift, came to have another meaning of settlement (in a lawsuit) in the early Kamakura period and used in both meanings throughout the medieval period.
- 「古今和歌集」序文において紀貫之は彼女の作風を、「万葉集」の頃の清純さを保ちながら、なよやかな王朝浪漫性を漂わせているとして絶賛した。
- In the preface of 'Kokinwakashu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Poetry),' KI no Tsurayuki praised her poems for their purity, which reminded him of the period of 'Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves)' and delicate dynastic romanticism.
- しかしこの頃から、徳川吉宗による殖産興業の一環として進められた政策により高麗人参の国内栽培が可能となり、人参代往古銀の鋳造は衰退した。
- However, from around that time domestic cultivation of Korean ginseng became enabled as a part of policy in which new industry is encouraged by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, and consequently, minting of Ninjindai Okogin declined.
- 統合の時期であるが、福寿寺一切経写経所の名が金光明寺一切経写経所と改名されたことが分かる文献もあり、天平14年7月頃と推測されている。
- The integration is considered to have been done around August 742 since there are documents showing the name change from the complete Buddhist scriptures copying office of Fukuju-ji Temple to that of Konmyo-ji Temple.
- 元和元年(1615年)の頃、策伝が板倉重宗の前で話した話が面白く、著書として纏めるように薦められたことから『醒睡笑』が著されたという。
- It is said that Sakuden came to write 'Seisuisho' around 1615 when Shigemune ITAKURA recommended him compiling those stories into a book because Shigemune found Sakuden's stories interesting.
- 9世紀・10世紀頃、統治体制が律令制的な枠組みから、新興階層の富豪層である田堵などに依存した名田と呼ばれる分権的な体制へ変質していった。
- Around the ninth and tenth centuries, the nation-governing system based on a framework like the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) had changed into a decentralized system called myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder) relying on rich farmers called tato who constituted a new wealthy class.
- なお、これとは別に中世の前期の頃までは、他者に対して実力による制裁権を行使できる者を公卿クラスを含めて「武士」と言い表す呼称も存在した。
- And apart from this, until the early medieval times, those who could have the right of enforcing sanctions to others on their merits, including the kugyo (the top court officials) class, were called 'bushi.'
- 戦乱といえば、15世紀前半から南部氏が仙北・鹿角に出兵(この鹿角争奪戦は永禄頃まで続く)、伊達氏の河北地方への侵食など領地争いが目立つ。
- With respect to wars, disputes over territories are prominent as seen in sending troops by the Nanbu clan to Senboku and Kazuno since the first half of the fifteenth century (this war over Kazuno continued until around Eiroku Era) and invasion into the Kahoku region by the Date clan.
- 平成8年(1996年)頃から、教育現場において、当時の文部省の指導で、日章旗(日の丸)の掲揚と同時に『君が代』の斉唱の通達が強化される。
- Since around 1996, in the field of education, under guidance by the Ministry of Education at that time, the instruction for the chorus reading of 'Kimigayo' together with raising of the Japanese (rising sun) flag (hinomaru) were strengthened.
- 菊一文字印銀(きくいちもんじいんぎん):慶長3年(1598年)頃に堺の南鐐座職人により慶長丁銀の鋳造にあたり、家康の上覧に供されたもの。
- Kikuichimonji Ingin: These Chogin were presented to Ieyasu TOKUGAWA by a craftsman of Nanryoza, Sakai City in 1598 when Ieyasu was planning to produce Keicho Chogin coins.
- 一般的には4世紀頃から6世紀頃までを指すが、時に飛鳥時代(6世紀後半 - 7世紀)をも含め、弥生時代の後、奈良時代の前をいうこともある。
- In general, this term refers to a period of Japanese history lasting from the 4th century to the 6th century, but it can sometimes refer to a period lasting from after the Yayoi Period to just before the Nara Period, including the Asuka Period (from the latter half of the 6 century to the 7 century).
- 十六世紀中頃(戦国時代末期)、頼高の孫・及川頼家の時、同族間の内紛により主君葛西氏に領地を召し上げられてこの家系も没落し多くは帰農した。
- During the mid-sixteenth century (the late Sengoku period), in the time of Yoriie OIKAWA, a grandson of Yoritaka, they were deprived of the territory by his master, the KASAI clan; subsequently, the family line went to ruin and took up farming again.
- しかし少なくとも、南北朝時代 (日本)末期の永徳3年(1383年)頃に本所が正親町三条家から同族の三条西家に譲渡される以前と考えられる。
- But at least, it must have been established before the position of 'honjo' (proprietor or guarantor of manor) was transferred around 1383 from the Ogimachisanjo family to the Sanjonishi family (relatives of the Ogimachisanjo family).
- 敏達天皇の頃、尾張国阿育知郡片輪里(現・愛知県名古屋市中区 (名古屋市)古渡町付近)のある農家に、落雷と共に子供の姿の雷神が落ちてきた。
- During the reign by Emperor Bidatsu, Raijin (God of Lightning) having the appearance of a child fell down with lightning on a certain farmhouse in Ayuchi no kori, Ayuchi no kori, Owari Province (near present-day Furuwatari-cho, Naka Ward, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture).
- なお、実際の崩御は「7月29日午後10時43分頃」と言われているが、宮内省告示に拠る崩御日時は「7月30日午前0時43分」となっている。
- The actual time and date of his death was said to be 'on July 29, around 10 o'clock forty three minutes in the afternoon,' however the officially announced date and time by the Department of the Imperial Household was 'on July 30, twelve o'clock forty three minutes in the morning.'
- 太平洋戦争勃発の前から日本では軍需物資として重要品目の一つであるニッケルの国産化が目標に掲げられ、開発が行われ終戦頃まで採掘されていた。
- From before the start of the Pacific War until the end of the war, the nickel mine was developed and dug to produce nickel as one of the important military materials in Japan domestically.
- 梅雨入り、梅雨明けしたと思われる時期に暫定的な発表を行い、例年9月頃、5月から8月の天候経過を総合的に検討して、最終的なものとしている。
- When it is deemed that tsuyuiri or tsuyuake occurs, provisional declaration is given and, after examining around September every year the progression of weather from May to August in a comprehensive manner, the judgment becomes final.
- 五月下旬頃、諸士調役兼監察の山崎烝・島田魁らによって四条小橋上ル真町で炭薪商を経営する枡屋(古高俊太郎)の存在を突き止め、会津藩に報告。
- At around the end of May, moderators and observers including Susumu YAMAZAKI and Kai SHIMADA ascertained the presence of Masuya store (Shuntaro FURUTAKA) that was operating a charcoal business in Shijo-Kobashi-Agaru-Shin-cho, and made a report to the Aizu clan.
- 後嵯峨天皇の腹心であった経任在世中は、従兄弟である経継系よりも羽振りが良かったものの政敵も多く南北朝時代_(日本)初期頃に断絶している。
- While Tsunetada who was a confidant of the Emperor Gosaga was alive, the family was more prosperous than the Tsunetsugu lineage of his cousin, but he also had a number of political opponents, and this led to the family being discontinued around the beginning of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 道教の教団の制度は2世紀頃の張角の太平道(黄巾の乱)、さらに張陵の五斗米道(天師道)の教団制度が基本にあるのではないか、と言われている。
- It is believed that the Dokyo school system was based on the social system of Taiheido (Kokin-no-ran [the yellow turban rebellion]) by Chokaku around the second century, and that of Choryo's Gotomaido (五斗米道) or Chokaku's Tenshido (天師道).
- 寺子屋の就学年齢や卒業時期は、特に定まっていた訳ではなく、およそ5~6歳で就学し、13~14歳から18歳になる頃まで修学する例が多かった。
- The starting age and graduation age at Terakoya was not particularly fixed, and many started at around 5 to 6 and graduated around 13 to 14, up to 18 years of age.
- それまでは、名主職は代々相続される権利と認識されていたが、この頃から人々の間を移り変わる権利、すなわち遷代の職と認識されていったのである。
- In other words, myoshu rights, which had been inalienable and hereditary, were now regarded as being transferable or non-hereditary rights, whose ownership changed from one generation to the next.
- しかし6月26日頃には、仁位郡(実録では尼老郡)で対馬側の伏兵に遭い多大な損害を受け、李従茂の軍は尾崎浦まで退却、戦局は膠着状態に陥った。
- But around June 26, Korean forces fell into an ambush by warriors from Tsushima in the Nii district (or the Amaro district according to the True Record), in which they suffered significant casualties, prompting Jong Mu YI to withdraw his army back to Osaki inlet and leaving the outcome of the war an uneasy stalemate.
- 清和天皇の頃に五紀暦・宣明暦の導入を主唱した大春日真野麻呂や大衍暦を日本に持ち帰った吉備真備の6代目の子孫とされる賀茂忠行が良く知られた。
- The following two figures are well-known as Reki Hakase: OKASUGA no Manomaro, who in the reign of the Emperor Seiwa advocated the introduction of Goki reki (Wuji calendar, a lunar-solar calendar developed in the Tang by Guo Xianzhi and used in China during the years 762 to 821) and Senmyo reki (a variation of the lunar calendar that was created in ancient China); and KAMO no Tadayuki, believed to be the sixth generation descendant of KIBI no Makibi, who brought the Taien calendar to Japan.
- 『続日本後紀』承和2年12月3日條によれば、刑部卿の小野岑守が以前大宰大弐であった頃に開設し、墾田百四十町をもってその運営に当てたという。
- According to the 'Shoku Nihon Koki' in a section on December 29, 835, this facility was established when the Gyobukyo (Minister of Justice) ONO no Minemori, who was formerly a Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), invested earnings from approximately 140 hectares of his cultivated land into the operation.
- 貞元 (日本)2年(977年)頃に三善朝臣の姓が授けられ、その1人であった三善茂明が主税寮兼算博士に就任し、その子孫は代々算博士を継いだ。
- Around the year of 977, the clan was given the surname of Miyoshi Ason, and among the members of the clan, Shigeaki MIYOSHI was appointed as Shuzeiryo (a position in Bureau of Taxation) in addition to Sanhakase (a position with responsibility for teaching mathematics and looking after mathematicians), the position that his descendants inherited for generations.
- しかしこの姓では、官位受領などで不利に扱われると考えたのか、すでに信光のころから源姓を称しており、家康は若い頃はむしろ藤原姓を称している。
- However whether it is because it was thought that this surname would be disadvantageous in dealing with the issue of confirming official rank or, at some stage from Nobumitsu's time onwards he took this original family name, either way Ieyasu was known by the Fujiwara surname from a young age.
- 北条 泰家(ほうじょう やすいえ、? - 1335年(建武 (日本)2年)頃?)は鎌倉時代から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての北条氏の一族。
- Yasuie HOJO (? - 1335) was from the Hojo family which existed in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 『保暦間記』によると北条義時の頃、安藤五郎が東夷地の支配として置かれたとされ、『諏訪大明神絵詞』では安藤太が蝦夷管領となったとされている。
- According to 'Horyakukanki' (A History Book of the 14th century in Japan), around the era of Yoshitoki HOJO, Goro ANDO was assigned to the eastern Ezo to control the region, and according to 'Suwa Daimyojin Ekotoba,' Andota was appointed to Ezo kanrei (a shogunal deputy in Ezo).
- 相模(さがみ、生没年不明、長徳四年頃(998年?) - 康平四年(1061年)以降か)は、11世紀初頭の女流歌人で、中古三十六歌仙の一人。
- Sagami (dates of birth and death unknown, 998? - after 1061) was a female poet in the early eleventh century, and one of the medieval 36 Immortal Poets.
- まだ道貞の妻だった頃、冷泉天皇の第三皇子為尊親王(977年-1002年)との熱愛が世に喧伝され、身分違いの恋だったとて親から勘当を受けた。
- While she was still Michisada's wife, her love affair with the third son of Emperor Reizei, Prince Tametaka (977 - 1002), became the gossip of the court, and she was disowned by her father for loving someone above her station.
- 天平文化(てんぴょうぶんか)は、時期では7世紀終わり頃から8世紀の中頃までをいい、奈良の都平城京を中心にして華開いた貴族・仏教文化である。
- Tenpyo Culture was an aristocratic and Buddhist culture that flourished in and around Heijo-kyo, the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara, from the end of the seventh century through the middle of the eighth century.
- この頃のことは、『魏志』倭人伝には、倭国乱れ互いに攻伐し合い、長い間盟主なしと伝える、その後、卑弥呼が共立されて王となる、と書かれている。
- According to 'Gishi' Wajinden (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in 'The History of the Wei Dynasty'), wars frequently broke out in Wakoku and there had been no leader for a long time, then Himiko was installed as a queen.
- 867年(貞観_(日本)9年)頃、内外官の交替手続きに関する法令を集成した『新定内外官交替式』(貞観交替式)が勘解由使においてまとめられた。
- Around 869, 'Shinjo naigekan kotaishiki' (literally, new kotaishiki for officers living in Kyoto as well as those outside Kyoto) (Jogan kotaishiki) (literally, kotaishiki in the Jokan era), in which laws and regulations concerning replacement of officers living in Kyoto as well as those outside Kyoto were collected, were compiled by kageyushi.
- 幕府もこれを認めざるえなくなり応永12年(1405年)頃に盛見に周防・長門の守護職を与え、更に豊前・筑前の守護まで加えてようやく帰順させた。
- The shogunate, no longer able to avoid acknowledging Morimi's overlordship of these lands, officially granted him the title of shugo over Suo and Nagato Provinces in 1405, and when they added the provinces of Buzen and Chikuzen to his dominion as shugo, he finally swore allegiance to the Shogun again.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には大幅な城の改築が行われるが、六角義賢(承禎)・六角義治の頃には浅井氏に敗れる(野良田の戦い)などで衰退することになる。
- Although, the castle was rebuilt during the Sengoku period (period of warring states), in the generation of Yoshikata (Shotei) ROKKAKU and Yoshiharu ROKKAKU, they were defeated in wars such as the Battle at Norada against the Azai clan.
- 11世紀中頃以後、不入の権 (日本)の拡大とともに一円支配が確立され、荘園内に居住するものは全て荘民として荘園領主に帰属されることになった。
- After the middle of the 11th century, together with the expansion of Funyu rights (Japan), Ichien shihai (reigning of whole regions) became established and all those who lived within a shoen were under the rule of the shoen landowner as shomin.
- なお1980年代のバブル景気の頃よりは、鮮魚から活魚などのような活きたまま輸送する技術も発達、こういった活魚市場の末端を寿司屋が担っている。
- From the bubble economy of the 1980s, with the development of transportation, fresh fish or live fish could be transported and sushi restaurants are situated next to such live fish markets.
- そのことなどにより、この頃すでに西郷や大久保利通らの間にも、慶喜の恭順が完全であれば厳罰には及ばないとの合意ができつつあったためと思われる。
- At this time, it appeared that between Saigo and Toshimichi OKUBO were already in agreement; they would not pursue a more severe punishment for Yoshinobu, if they could confirm Yoshinobu's allegiance to the new government, and his action would be complete and definite.
- 1世紀中頃に倭奴国王印が後漢から、3世紀中葉には邪馬台国の女王(卑弥呼)が魏 (三国)に朝貢し、倭の王であることを意味する金印を授けられた。
- During the middle of the first century, Wa no na no kokuo in (the oldest known seal in Japan) was sent to Japan from the Later Han Dynasty and in middle of third century, the queen of Yamatai-Koku Kingdom (Himiko) paid tribute to Wei dynasty (Three States Period) and presented with golden seal which implies the king of Wa (Japan).
- これらのことから、三浦の平太為次はこの合戦の頃は三浦に、そう大きな所領は持っていない、ないしはそもそも三浦には居なかったことすら推定される。
- For these reasons, it can be guessed that MIURA no Heita Tametsugu did not have a large amount of land in the Miura district around the time of this war or furthermore, that he might not have stayed there.
- 四十歳を過ぎた頃、後鳥羽院に再出仕し、再び九重の月を仰いだが、「今はただしひて忘るるいにしへを思ひ出でよとすめる月かげ」と詠んで昔を偲んだ。
- When she was past forty, she became a lady-in-waiting for Gotoba in, and looked up at the moon at court again, but recalling the old days composed the poem 'The past that I force myself to forget even now, the clear moon calls me to remember.'
- 仮に推古朝の600年頃に『上宮記』が成立したとするなら、継体天皇(オホド王)が崩御した継体天皇25年(531年)は、当時から70年前である。
- If 'Joguki' was established around 600 in the era of Empress Suiko, the year when Emperor Keitai (King Ohodo) died, that is, 531, was 70 years earlier than that.
- また元禄年間を過ぎた頃から銅の産出に陰りが見え始め、輸出用の御用銅が不足し始めたことも鋳銭事業に対する幕府の管理体制を強化させた一因である。
- After the Genroku era (from 1688 to 1703) production of copper began to decline and the bakufu was running out of copper for export, which was one of the reasons the bakufu strengthened the control of mintage.
- 8世紀後期頃から始まった古代の戸籍制度の崩壊は、平安時代に入っても止まらず、平安時代中期には、国家による直接の人民支配はもはや不可能になった。
- The collapse of the ancient family registration that had begun in the end 8th century did not stop in the early Heian period and the direct control of people by the central government became impossible in the mid Heian period.
- 14世紀中期頃には、荘園・公領内の村落が自治性を高めるようになり、畿内や西国では惣村、東国や九州では郷村とよばれる自治村落へと成長していった。
- Around the middle of the 14th century, villages within manors and government territories increased their autonomy and grew into self-governing communities, which were called soson in Kinai and western regions and goson in eastern regions and Kyushu.
- 325年頃にコンスタンティヌス1世が発布した法令は、コロヌスの半奴隷的な地位を規定するだけでなく、法廷における告訴権を保証するものでもあった。
- The law promulgated by Constantinus I in 325 not only ordained the half-slave status of colonus but also guaranteed the right of lawsuit in court.
- 7世紀頃には、蝦夷は現在の宮城県中部から山形県以北の東北地方と、北海道 (地方公共団体)の大部分に広く住み、その一部は日本の領域の中にあった。
- By the seventh century, the Emishi had lived broadly in the Tohoku region (from mid-Miyagi Prefecture through Yamagata Prefecture and to the north) and most of Hokkaido (local public entity), a part of which was included in the Japanese territory.
- 眉輪王(まよわのおおきみ、允恭天皇39年(450年) - 安康天皇3年(456年)8月 (旧暦))は、記紀に伝えられる5世紀頃の皇族(王族)。
- Prince Mayowa (Mayowa no Okimi; born in 450, and died in 456) appeared in Kiki, ('Kojiki' [A Record of Ancient Matter] and the 'Nihonshoki' [Chronicles of Japan]) as an Imperial family (royal family) in fifth century in Japan.
- 日本で1970年代から1980年代頃に給食で、食器に顔を近づけて見苦しい姿勢のまま食事する姿が社会問題としてマスメディアなどに取り上げられた。
- In 1970s to 1980s, the displeasing image of students who brought their faces closer to eating utensils and ate them at school lunch was reported by media as a social issue in Japan.
- この頃、政治の主導権を巡って後白河と二条天皇は激しく対立していたため、その出生には「世上嗷々の説(不満・批判)」があったという(『百錬抄』)。
- During this period, Emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Nijo were severely opposed to each other taking control of political power, it was said there was a lot of criticism and complaining against the birth of Prince ('Hyakurensho' (History book from the Kamakura period)).
- 18世紀中頃に作られたと見られる新道と古道の分岐点を左にとって古道を進むと、観音堂の傍を過ぎ、十津川の支流・西川のほとりの西中大谷に降り立つ。
- And the road (the old road) meets a new road which is considered to have been built in the middle of the 18th century, the old road extends to the left, passes beside Kannon-do (a temple dedicated to Kannon), and descends to Nishinaka-Otani near Nishi-kawa River, a branch of Togtsu-kawa River.
- 『枕草子』は長徳2年(996年)頃から本格的に書かれ、最終稿は長保3年(1001年)から寛弘7年(1010年)の間に完成したと考えられている。
- She put her heart into writing 'The Pillow Book' around 996, and the final manuscript seems to have been completed between 1001 and 1010.
- ②10世紀後半、天暦(947-957年)から長徳(995-999年)の間を生き、比叡山にて草庵生活を送っていた、一条天皇の時代頃の人物とする説
- (2)The view that, in the latter half of the Tenth Century, he was a person in the era of the Emperor Ichijo, who lived from Tenryaku era (947 - 957) to Chotoku (995 - 999) and lived in a thatched hut in Mt. Hiei
- しかし、室町時代半ば頃から藤原定家の流れを汲む三条西家の活動により青表紙本が優勢になり、逆に河内本の方が消えてしまったかのような状況になった。
- However, since the mid-Muromachi period, the Aobyoshi-bon manuscripts had become dominant due to the activities of the Sanjonishi family, who were descended from FUJIWARA no Teika, while the Kawachi-bon manuscripts almost disappeared.
- たとえば、『源氏釈』(12世紀)には「雲隠」を「廿六」とし、また、『白造紙』(1200年頃)の「源ジノモクロク」には「廿六クモカクレ」とある。
- For instance, 'Genji shaku' (commentaries of the Tale of Genji) (12th century) regarded 'Kumogakure' as 'the twenty-sixth' and a 'Genji catalogue' in 'Hakuzoshi' (around 1200) has mention of 'the twenty-sixth Kumokakure'.
- 『帝紀』や『旧辞』は、6世紀前半ないし中葉頃までに、天皇が日本を支配するに至った経緯を説明するために、朝廷の貴族によって述作されたものである。
- 'Teiki' or 'Kyuji' was made based on recitations from the court nobles in the Imperial court by the first half or the middle of the sixth century in order to explain the background of how Japan was reigned by the emperor.
- 10歳頃から50歳頃までの人生を綴った『更級日記』の作者として知られ、更級日記御物本奥書により、『浜松中納言物語』などの物語の作者ともされる。
- She is known as the author of 'Sarashina Nikki' (Sarashina Diary), in which she wrote about her life from about the age of ten to about fifty, and according to the postscript of Sarashina Nikki Gyobusubon (Emperor's book stock), she is considered to be the author of 'Hamamatsu Chunagon Monogatari' (The Tale of Hamamatsu Chunagon).
- 三好勢の攻撃に対し、わずかな人数でよく持ちこたえたものの、昼頃には義輝が討死し、生母の慶寿院(近衛尚通の娘で12代将軍足利義晴正室)も殉死した。
- Although they fought the Miyoshi troops well despite heavy odds, Yoshiteru died in battle by noon, and his real mother Keijuin (a daughter of Hisamichi KONOE and legitimate wife of Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, the 12th Shogun) killed herself, following her son to the grave.
- 北宋末の政和年間には限田法を行い、一品100頃(けい)~九品10頃以上の田地を所有する官戸に対して額外所有分に応じて差役と科配を課すこととした。
- The Zhenghe era at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty saw the enactment of a land ownership restriction which imposed mandatory labor and additional taxes on guanhu who owned in land in excess of between one 100-qing (approximately 666 ha) plot and nine 10-qing (approximately 66 ha) plots.
- しかし京都市警察はこれを「不法デモ」とみなし午後4時45分頃デモ隊の渡橋を阻止したため、学生ともみ合いになり橋の南側欄干(当時は木製)が倒れた。
- At about 4:45, on the bridge, the march was stopped by the Kyoto City Police which regarded the march as an illegal demonstration, then a clash occurred, it turned into a tussle, and the south rail of the bridge (wooden rails at that time) broke and fell down.
- 市辺押磐皇子(いちのへのおしはのみこ、? - 安康天皇3年(456年)10月 (旧暦))は、記紀・『風土記』に伝えられる5世紀頃の皇族(王族)。
- Prince Ichinobe no Oshiha (Ichinobe no Oshiha no Miko; his birth date is unknown and his death date was in 456) appeared in the Kiki ('Kojiki' [A Record of Ancient Matte]) and 'Nihonshoki' [Chronicles of Japan]) and Fudoki (description of regional climate, culture, etc.) as an Imperial family (royal family) in fifth century Japan.
- しかし後朱雀天皇の即位にあたり、伯父の関白頼通が養女嫄子を入内させて中宮に冊立した頃から、禎子内親王と摂関家の関係は急速に悪化していったらしい。
- However after Emperor Gosuzaku's enthronement, this was the time the Princess's uncle and the Chancellor, Yorimichi made her adopted daughter Geshi an Imperial Consort's bridal entry into court and she became Chugu, the relationship between the Princess Teishi and the Sekkan family (family eligible for the regent and the chancellor) became worse all the sudden.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)が合体した明徳の頃から半世紀の間に、文献に現れた勘解由小路義重、勘解由小路右兵衛督などは、それそれ斯波氏からの一族であった。
- Yoshishige KADENOKOJI and Kadenokoji Uhyoe-no-kami (the chief of an organization called Uhyoefu), who appear in documents in the half a century from the time of Meitoku when the Northern and Southern Courts were combined, were the families from the Shiba clan.
- 大物主は赤い矢に姿を変え、勢夜陀多良比売が用を足しに来る頃を見計らって川の上流から流れて行き、彼女の下を流れていくときに、ほと(陰所)を突いた。
- Omononushi transformed himself into a red arrow and floated downstream to strike Seyadatarahime in the hoto (genitals) just as she came to the stream to relieve herself.
- というのは、藤原定家から『明月記』を受け継いだ孫の冷泉為相は、その頃領地の訴訟をきっかけに鎌倉に滞在し、藤ヶ谷に住んで鎌倉の歌壇を指導している。
- Tamesuke REIZEI, who inherited his grandfather FUJIWARA no Teika's 'Meigetsuki,' moved to Kamakura around this time to file suit for land, living in Fujigaya and undertaking the teaching of poet circles in Kamakura.
- 円形のものが主流であるが、弥生時代の後期(2世紀から3世紀頃)頃から隅が丸い四角い形をした竪穴式住居(隅丸方形・長方形住居)が現われ始めている。
- Although the circular shape was predominant, quadrilateral-shaped pit-type dwellings with rounded corners (sumimaru-hokei & chohokei jukyo) began to appear in the latter half of the Yayoi period (circa second to third century).
- 室町時代の頃、方県郡七郷の鵜飼漁を行なっていた者が、方県郡長良(後の稲葉郡長良村、現岐阜市)と各務郡岩田(後の稲葉郡岩田村、現岐阜市)に移住する。
- During the Muromachi period, people who were engaged in ukai fishing at Shichigo, Katagata County moved to Nagara, Katagata County (Nagara Village of Inaba County, current Gifu City) and Iwata, Kagami County (Iwata Village of Inaba County, current Gifu City).
- この頃、管領職にあった勝元派の畠山政長と宗全派の畠山義就との間にあった家督継承権をめぐる闘争が激化し、さらに義政の気紛れが両派の対立に油を注いだ。
- About that time, a fight over family heirship between Masanaga HATAKEYAMA of the Katsumoto camp, who was then the Shogun's deputy, and Yoshinari HATAKEYAMA of the Sozen camp intensified, and Yoshimasa's caprice added fuel to their strife.
- 室町幕府の2代将軍足利義詮の頃には守護同士が対立し、執事の細川清氏などは失脚した後に吉野朝廷に属して京都を奪還するなど幕政は不安定な状態にあった。
- During the reign of the Muromachi Shogunate's second Shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, a conflict had arisen among the group of shugo (Protectors), and after such men as the steward Kiyouji HOSOKAWA were driven out of power, they defected to the Southern Court at Yoshino, who managed to recapture Kyoto, which left the shogunate in a very unstable position.
- 2007年2月1日、東麓遺跡において7世紀前半から中頃のものと見られる建物跡や石垣を発見したと発表され、蘇我氏の邸宅跡ではないかと注目されている。
- It was announced on February 1, 2007 that remains of structures and stone walls, which are estimated to date back from the early to mid-seventh century, were discovered at the Toroku site, and the unearthed objects are drawing attention as possible remains of Soga clan's residence.
- いつ頃から因幡山名氏に仕えたのかは不明だが、『蔭涼軒日録』延徳3年(1491年)11月6日条に山名豊時家臣として「武田左衛門大夫」の記述が見える。
- It is unknown from when the clan started to serve the Yamana clan of Inaba, but the name 'Saemontayu TAKEDA' can be seen in the 'Inryoken Nichiroku' dated December 16, 1491 as one of vassals of Toyotoki YAMANA.
- )この頃の上野氏は備中守護細川氏の下、石川氏・庄氏とともに備中守護代を務めて家格を誇っていたが、この両氏と異なり、早くに守護代の地位を失っている。
- In those days, the Ueno clan enjoyed prosperity by working as Shugodai (deputy military governor) together with the Ishikawa clan and the Sho clan under the supervision of the Hosokawa clan, the military governor of Bicchu, but unlike the other clans, the Ueno clan lost the post in early stage.
- この頃になると、職そのものが、本来の身分的な性格から単なる得分権となり、在地領主的な職を本家や領家が直接保持する場合や、その逆の場合が見られてきた。
- Meanwhile, shiki itself shifted from being an expression of an official position to being the right to tax profit, and there were cases where honke or ryoke directly held the shiki of a local lord, or the other way around meaning local lords holding the shiki of honke or ryoke.
- 頼長は徳大寺実能の長女・幸子(多子の伯母)と結婚して、徳大寺家の人々と大炊御門高倉邸に住んでいたことから、義弟・公能の娘を幼い頃から養女としていた。
- Yorinaga married the eldest daughter of Saneyoshi TOKUDAIJI, Koshi (the aunt of Masaruko), and lived in Oimikado Takakura tei with Tokudaiji family members; he adopted the daughter of his brother in law, Kinyoshi when the daughter was young.
- 1928年・(昭和3年)頃に、現嵐山渓谷周辺が京都の嵐山の風景によく似ていると(本多静六)により武蔵嵐山と命名され評判になり、多数の観光客が訪れる。
- Around 1928: Gained popularity and visited by many tourists after being named Musashi Ranzan (by Seiroku HONDA) due to the scenery around present-day Ranzan Valley closely resembling that of Arashiyama in Kyoto
- 正編は後一条天皇の万寿(1024年 - 1028年)の頃、続編は11世紀末から12世紀初頭にかけて、宮廷女性の手によって完成されたことに違いはない。
- Undoubtedly, both the principal part (during Emperor Go-Ichijo's reign, around 1024 - 1028) and the sequel (from the end of the eleventh century to the beginning of the twelfth century) were written by women at court.
- それから半世紀のちの村上天皇の頃に和歌所が置かれ、当時すでに読みにくくなっていた『万葉集』の訓読と『後撰和歌集』の撰進が梨壺の五人によって行われた。
- Fifty years later, in the reign of Emperor Murakami, Wakadokoro (Bureau of Poetry) was established, where Nashitsubo no Gonin (Five Men of the Pear Chamber) read the Chinese characters in 'Manyoshu,' which was already difficult to read at that time, in the Japanese pronunciation, and compiled and dedicated 'Gosen wakashu (Later Collection of Japanese Poetry)' to the Emperor.
- この土地支配の単位を名田と呼ぶが、この頃、郡司、土着国司などを出自とする田堵と呼ばれた富豪層は、名の経営を請け負い、負名と呼ばれるようになっていった。
- The unit of the medieval land ruling is called myoden (rice field lots in the charge of a nominal holder), and at that period the wealthy class called Tato (cultivators) that came from gunji (local magistrates) and native provincial governors undertook the management of myo and came to be called Fumyo (tiller of the public rice field).
- 本書の写本は、鎌倉時代の書写とされる九条家旧蔵本(現在は宮内庁書陵部所蔵)と、建武年間頃に抄出書写した金沢文庫旧蔵本(現在は尊経閣文庫所蔵)とがある。
- There are the following manuscripts of this document: One is the book that is said to have been copied in the Kamakura period and was formerly kept in the Kujo family (now kept in the Imperial Household Archives), and another is the book that was partially copied in around 1334 -1336 and was formerly kept in the Kanazawa Library (now kept in Sonkeikaku-bunko library).
- この頃から高市皇子は天武天皇の皇子の中で3番目とされるようになった(皇女を母にもつ草壁皇子、大津皇子に次ぐ。母親の身分による序列では10人中8番目)。
- Around that time on, Prince Takechi was regarded as the third among the princes of Emperor Tenmu (He followed Prince Kusakabe and Prince Otsu whose mother were Imperial princesses In the ranking by the status of mother, he was the eighth out of ten).
- しかし、この頃から大覚寺統を支持する公家の間で天皇派と邦良親王派への分裂が見られ始め、後者を持明院統側や幕府が支持したために天皇側は窮地に立たされる。
- However, since around this time, a split of the aristocrats into the Imperial Faction and the Prince Kuniyoshi Faction began to be visible, and the Imperial Faction was caught in a difficult situation because the Jimyoin-to lineage and the Bakufu (Shogunate) supported the latter faction.
- 当初は国号の通り「ヤマト」と読まれていたが、やがて「ジッポン」「ニッポン」などと音読されるようになり、それが平安時代頃に定着し、現在へ至ったとされる。
- At first, the characters were read in the Japanese way as 'Yamato,' and then read 'Jippon,' or 'Nippon,' which became established during around the Heian period, led up to the present day.
- さらにこの頃から十河一存や三好義賢、長慶の嫡男三好義興など有力な一族が相次いで死亡し、果ては最後まで長慶を支えた弟安宅冬康を自らの手で暗殺するに至った。
- Furthermore, roughly from that time on, influential members of the family including Kazumasa SOGO, Yoshikata MIYOSHI and Yoshioki MIYOSHI, eldest son and prospective heir of Nagayoshi, died one after another and, in the end, Nagayoshi even assassinated for himself Fuyuyasu ATAGI, his younger brother who had supported Nagayoshi the entire time.
- しかし、813年頃の出雲国「荒橿の乱」、875年の「下総俘囚の乱」、883年の「上総俘囚の乱」などのように、俘囚による騒乱が次第に発生するようになった。
- However, uprisings by the Fushu gradually emerged, as seen in 'Arakashi no Ran (rebellion)' arose in Izumo Province in 813, the 'Shimousa-Fushu no Ran (rebellion)' arose in 875 and the 'Kamiusa-Fushu no Ran (rebellion)' in 883.
- 739年頃、天武天皇の孫で新田部親王の子である塩焼王に嫁ぎ、氷上志計志麻呂・氷上川継の二人の息子を産む(ただし、一部には両者を同一人物とする説もある)。
- Around 739. she married Emperor Tenmu's grandson and Imperial Prince Niitabe's son Prince Shioyaki, and gave birth to two sons HIKANI no Shikeshimaro and HIKAMI no Kawatsugu (however, there is a theory that both are the same person).
- 中辺路・大辺路を中心に2002年頃から数度にわたり、地元自治体の公共事業(古道の整備を目的とする)、古道とその周辺での植生の刈り払いが何度か行われたが、
- Public projects (aiming to maintain Kodo) by local government bodies and cutting of vegetation in Kodo and the surrounding area have been conducted several times since around 2002 mainly in Nakahechi and Ohechi (Kumano-kodo Road).
- ---昭和30年頃まで存在したといわれ、江戸時代の物売りそのままの装束で半纏(はんてん)を身にまとい、天秤棒で薬箱を両端に掛け担いで漢方薬を売っていた。
- It is said that Josai vendors were around until 1955, selling Chinese herbal drugs by carrying them in a pair of medicine chests on a pole and they wore the same hanten (a short coat originally for craftsmen worn over a kimono) as monouri in the Edo period.
- だが、1893年頃から国民協会_(日本)と結んで対外硬路線を唱えて、現実路線に転じた自由党と対決姿勢を示し、星亨衆議院議長不信任問題で全面衝突に至った。
- However, around 1893 onwards, the party started to take the hard-line policy to tackle with foreign affairs, along with Kokumin Kyokai (National Association), and this conflicted with the Liberal party, who had shifted its position to a realistic stance, to lead a full scale confrontation by both parties, over a non-confident vote to Toru HOSHI, the chairman of the House of Representative.
- 古くは縄文時代の終わり、約2500年前頃よりアジア大陸から、春秋時代やその後の戦国時代 (中国)にかけての混乱と戦災を避けて日本に渡ってきたと思われる。
- It seems that they came to Japan avoiding turmoil and war damage of the Chunqiu period to the later Warring States period (in China) from the Asian Continent about 2500 years ago, at the end of the Jomon period in days gone by.
- 六朝時代の南朝 (中国)では、別墅(べっしょ)・別業と呼ばれて江南貴族の中には数百頃の田畠を持つ者も存在したが、あくまでも別荘の一部として捉えられていた。
- In the Nan-Dynasty during the Rikucho period they were called bessho (villa) or betsugyo (villa), some of the Ciangnan aristocracy had hundreds of fields (of rice and other crops), but they were regarded as a part of the villa.
- 箸墓古墳の築造年代についても、研究者により多少の前後はあるものの卑弥呼の没年(248年頃)に近い3世紀の中頃から後半と見る説が最近では一般的になっている。
- Opinions concerning the Hashihaka Tumulus differ among scholars, though recently it is widely accepted that the tumulus was created between the mid-third century (which is close to the year of Himiko's death in 248) and the latter half of the third century.
- 12世紀に入る頃から、荘園領主である寺社は経営安定化のために雑役免系荘園の一円支配を目指し、寺田・神田などの封戸と同様に官物徴収権も獲得するようになった。
- From the beginning of the twelfth century, some of temples/shrines, the lord of shoen, began to seek ichienshihai (complete rule of the land) of Zoyakumen kei shoen and eventually obtained the right to collect kanmotsu as with the case of fuko (lands allotted to temples/shrines) called jiden (land allotted to temples) or shinden (land allotted to shrines).
- 貞治6年(1367年)の頃には久明親王の孫・祥益が「五辻親王家」と呼ばれている(『天竜寺重書目録』)が、深草宮や祥益が親王宣下を受けた記録は残っていない。
- Although the house of the grandson of Imperial Prince Hisaaki, Shoeki is called 'the Itsutsujinomiya Imperial family' (in the book 'Tenryuji Jusho Mokuroku') around 1367, there are no records left indicating that either Fukakusanomiya or Shoeki were given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 現皇室の男系の血統が断絶する可能性が高まり、2004年(平成16年)11月頃から小泉純一郎内閣総理大臣が皇位の女系継承を容認する皇室典範の改正を提起した。
- In November 2004, with the growing concerns over the male lineage disappearance in the present Imperial Family, the Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi at the time proposed to revise the Imperial House Act so as to accept female successors to the imperial throne.
- その後、弘安三年(1280年)頃から後深草院方による後宇多退位と皇太子擁立の動きが強まり、ついに十年(1287年)十月、伏見天皇即位に伴い院政を開始した。
- The Gofukakusa-in started a movement for Emperor Gouda to abdicate and to appoint the newest Crown Prince since 1280, finally, when Emperor Fushimi succeeded to the throne in October 1287, Gofukakusa-in began his cloistered government.
- 古墳時代の4世紀中頃には、網野町に日本海側最大の前方後円墳である網野銚子山古墳(全長198メートル)、丹後町に神明山古墳(全長190メートル)が築かれた。
- Around the middle of the fourth century, in the Kofun period (tumulus period), the largest keyhole-shaped tomb mound on the Japan Sea side, Aminochoshiyama-kofun Tumulus (198 meter in entire length) was established in Amino-cho and Shinmeiyama-kofun Tumulus (190 meter in entire length) in Tango-cho.
- 紀伊国藤白(現在の和歌山県海南市)の鈴木氏は、12世紀頃に熊野から同じ紀伊国内の藤白に移り住んで以来、王子社(現在の藤白神社)の神官を代々務めた家である。
- The Suzuki clan in Fujishiro, Kii Province (present Kainan City, Wakayama Prefecture) was the family of Shinto priests at Oji-sha Shrine (present Fujishiro-jinja Shrine) during the generations, since the family moved within the same Kii Province from Kumano to Fujishiro around 12th century.
- 長兄はこの辺りに県という家のないことからやはり怪しみ、そして、これが近頃盗まれた熊野速玉大社の宝物であることに気づき、父と長兄は豊雄を大宮司につきだした。
- The oldest brother doubts his story because there is no such a house like Agata, and he notices that this is a treasured sword which was recently stolen from Kumano Hayatama Taisha Shrine, and father and older brother takes him to the head priest.
- 1883年以来、フランスの保護国であったベトナムでは日露戦争に刺激され、1904年頃、ファン・ボイ・チャウ(潘佩珠)らによって反仏運動の結社が組織された。
- Since 1883, Vietnam was a French-protected state, where, around 1904, Phan Boi Chau and others, inspired by the Russo-Japanese War, organized an association advocating the anti-French movement.
- がその状況も長くは続かず、午前10時頃には木が揺れるのを見た1人の兵士が「救助隊が来た!」と叫ぶと、他の者も「本当に来た!」「母ちゃ~ん!」と叫び始めた。
- However, it didn't last long, and around 10 a.m. a soldier, having seen a tree swinging, screamed 'There comes a rescue team!', which made others start screaming, 'It's true!', 'Mummy!', one after another.
- 落書(らくしょ)などもその系譜に含めて考えることができるが、独自のジャンルとして発達したのは江戸時代中期で、享保頃に上方で活躍した鯛屋貞柳などが知られる。
- While rakusho (lampoon) can be in the same category, Kyoka was established as a unique genre during the mid Edo period, and among famous Kyoka poets was Teiryu TAIYA, who was active in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) during the Kyoho era.
- 熊本県の 江田船山古墳から出土した鉄剣・鉄刀銘文には「台天下獲□□□鹵大王」とあり、この頃(5世紀後期)には治天下大王の称号が生まれたことを示唆している。
- On the inscriptions on an iron sword excavated from the Eta Funayama Tumulus in Kumamoto Prefecture, it says 'amenoshitashiroshimesu okimi,' suggesting that the title amenoshitashiroshimesu okimi had been born at least by this period (the end of the fifth century).
- 尊卑文脈によれば、有光~四代目の世代(鎌倉前期)の頃に、陸奥石川氏は一族・庶流の分立を進め、城・館を築き石川庄の村々に一族の地頭を配置していったと思われる。
- According to Lineage Sects of Noble and Humble, during the period of the generations from Arimitsu to the fourth head of the clan (the early Kamakura period), the Mutsu Ishikawa clan seemed to have promoted separation of the clan and the illegitimate lineage, have built castles and residents and have posted managers and lords of the manors of the clan in hamlets in the Ishikawa village.
- 祥子の弟徳川義恭の親友だった三島由紀夫は17歳の頃、祥子に片思いしていた経験に基づいて短篇小説『玉刻春』を書き、『輔仁会雑誌』168号に発表したことがある。
- Yukio MISHIMA, who was a close friend of Sachiko's younger brother Yoshiyasu TOKUGAWA, wrote a short novel 'Gyokukokushun' based on his one-sided love of Shoko and published it in 'Hojinkai-zasshi' No. 186.
- 犬山で鵜飼が始められたのは、1660年~70年頃、犬山城城主成瀬正親が三河国足助(現豊田市足助)から2人の鵜匠を呼び寄せ、御料鵜飼を行なったことからである。
- The ukai in Inuyama started around 1660 – 1670, as the lord of Inuyama-jo Castle Masachika NARUSE invited two ujo from Asuke, Mikawano-kuni (present-day Asuke, Toyota City) and had them perform the Imperial cormorant fishing.
- この頃には新令により発生した所領問題、訴訟や恩賞請求の殺到、記録所などの新設された機関における権限の衝突などの混乱が起こり始め、新政の問題が早くも露呈する。
- It was right around this time that due to these new decrees, the Court started receiving a flood of land-related problems as well as court cases and requests for rewards, and chaos caused by conflicts of authority between the mechanisms of the newly established Records office and so forth began to arise; the fact that the new government was beset with problems had come to light very quickly.
- これらの伝承の史実性はともかくとして、古墳時代の中頃(5-6世紀)には、東国人の捕虜を上記5ヶ国に移住させ、佐伯部として設定・編成したのは事実のようである。
- Whether these legendary stories are based on historical truth or not, it seems to be true that during the middle of the Tumulus period, the captives of the eastern countries were moved to the five provinces mentioned above and were set up and organized as Saeki be.
- 寺社に合わせて条坊が建設されることはない、寺社が条坊に合わせて建設されたと考えられることから、太宰府の条坊は観世音寺が創建された7世紀中頃には存在していた。
- The jobo of Dazai-fu existed around the middle of the seventh century when Kanzeon Temple was built because it is believed that temples and shrines were constructed keeping with the jobo constructed earlier, not that the jobo were constructed keeping with the temples and shrines which were constructed earlier.
- 河内本は南北朝期・室町初期までは青表紙本よりもむしろ盛んに用いられていたが、室町中期、宗祇・三条西実隆の頃から、定家の青表紙本を尊重すべきことが強調された。
- Until the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the early Muromachi periods, Kawachibon was actively used rather than Aobyoshibon (Blue Book) manuscripts, but during the mid Muromachi period, at around the time of Sogi and Sanetaka SANJONISHI, it was emphasized that importance be placed upon Teika's Aobyoshibon.
- 源義親の子である塩谷頼純が大治 (日本)5年(1130年)頃、下野国塩谷郡に下り塩谷荘司として塩谷姓を創始したのがはじまりで、塩谷荘三十三郷三万八千町を支配。
- In or around 1130, Yorizumi SHIONOYA, a son of MINAMOTO no Yoshichika, went down Shioya County, Shimotsuke Province, adopted the name SHIONOYA and governed SHIONOYA manor, with its thirty-three go thirty-eight thousand cho.
- 古墳は7世紀に入っても築造され、地方によっては8世紀まで造られているが、仏教公伝の年とされる538年頃を境に、それ以後を飛鳥時代、以前を古墳時代と呼んでいる。
- Mounded tombs were still constructed in the seventh century - in some local provinces, even until the eighth century - however, with the year 538 (around when Buddhism was introduced into Japan, they say) being the boundary, the period before this year is called the Kofun period, and the time after this is called the Asuka period.
- この移転頃から機構整備も積極的に進められ、たとえば812年には、鎮守府の定員が将軍1名、軍監(ぐんげん)1名、軍曹2名、医師・弩師(どし)各1名と定められた。
- After this relocation the institutional structure was proactively organized and, for example, in 812, the number of officials composing Chinju-fu was clearly specified; one shogun, one gungen (assistant deputy general), two sergeants, one doctor and one do-shi (commissioned officer of big bow).
- 平成17年(2005年)頃からは、日本国内を中心として両親の公務、接見に同行・同座することが多くなり、最年長の内親王として国民の前に姿を現す機会も増えている。
- Starting around 2005, there have been increasing chances of her appearing in public as Imperial Princess by accompanying her parents' doing public services, most of which are centered in Japan.
- 『甲陽軍鑑』や『雲陽軍実記』同様、この頃の歴史軍記自体が我が先祖の栄光や武勇を誇るための手段の一つであり、そのため多くの脚色があり、誤記と思われる箇所も多い。
- Much as was the case with 'Koyo gunkan' and 'Unyogun jikki,' in that period writing historical chronicles was one of the methods by which a person could praise the glory and bravery of his or her own ancestors, and hence they contain many overly dramatized sections as well as portions thought to be factual errors.
- 弥生時代中期頃から日本列島の各地に政治勢力(筑紫国、吉備国、出雲国、ヤマト王権、毛野氏など)が形成されていき、それら勢力の連合体を中国の諸王朝が倭国と称した。
- Several political forces of local clans (Tsukushi Province, Kibi Province, Izumo Province, Yamato sovereignty, and the Kenuuji clan) in verious areas in the Japanese Islands emerged around the middle of the Yayoi period, and these forces as a whole was referred to as Wakoku by the Chinese dynasties.
- 日本に仏教が伝来したのは、6世紀中期の欽明天皇のときとされているが、本格的に寺院が建立され、仏教が興隆し始めたのは、6世紀末~7世紀前期の推古天皇の頃であった。
- It is said that Buddhism was brought to Japan in the era of Emperor Kinmei, or in the middle era of the sixth century, and it is in the era of Empress Suiko, or the era from around the end of the sixth century to the first half of the seventh century, that temples were built in earnest and Buddhism started flourishing.
- この頃、個別人身支配から土地課税への転換に伴って、従来からあった租庸調・正税・雑徭・交易物などの税目が消え、新たに官物・臨時雑役などといった税目が出現していた。
- In the wake of the transition from the principle of people-based governance to the principle of tax on land, former taxes, such as Soyocho, shozei (the rice tax stored in provincial offices' warehouse), zoyo (irregular corvee) and trading goods, were abolished and new items of taxation, such as kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) and rinji zoyaku (general term for odd-job tasks), were introduced.
- すでに9世紀後期の頃から、実際に租税収取を担当する地方行政の現場では、戸籍・計帳を基盤に置いた課税方式が後退し、土地に対する課税が積極的に行われる傾向にあった。
- As early as from the late 9th century, local administrative bodies, which were actually in charge of tax collection, tended to impose tax on land rather than collecting it based on family registration/keicho.
- 10世紀初頭頃から、公田は名田と呼ばれる租税収取の基礎単位へ編成され、現地の富豪層(田堵・負名層)が名田経営と租税納入を請け負うという名体制が形成されていった。
- In the early 10th century, Koden was reorganized into the base for taxing called Myoden (rice field lots managed by a nominal holder) and the system called Myo-system, under which local wealthy peasants (Tato (cultivators)/Fumyoso (tiller of the public rice field)) were responsible for the management of Myoden as well as land tax payment, was established.
- 平安期の10世紀頃、大きな社会変化を背景として、朝廷は、徴税・軍事をもはや官司機構で担うのではなく、国司や富豪などへ請け負わせる官司請負制への転換を進めていた。
- Around the tenth century during the Heian period when a large social change occurred, the Imperial court abandoned the policy of entrusting tax-collecting affairs and military affairs solely to the central government system and promoted to entrust these affairs to kokushi (provincial governors) or rich persons, or, in other words, to introduce the kanshiukeoi-sei system.
- すでに弥生時代から西日本を中心に墳丘墓が営まれていたが、3世紀後半頃から大和盆地を中心に前方後円墳と称される日本独特の形式の大規模な墳墓が営まれるようになった。
- Burial mounds had already been constructed in the Yayoi period mainly in Western Japan, and from around the later third century, what is called zenpo-koen-fun -- a large-scale tomb peculiar to Japan -- began to be constructed mainly in the Yamato Basin.
- 既に江戸時代中期頃から各藩ともに深刻な財政難を抱えており、大坂などの有力商人からいわゆる「大名貸」を受けたり領民から御用金を徴収するなどして辛うじて凌いでいた。
- Every domain had faced serious financial difficulties since the middle of Edo period, and barely survived by borrowing money from leading merchants in Osaka etc, so-called 'daimyo-gashi' (lending money to daimyo), or collecting goyokin (money temporarily charged on farmers and merchants) from the people of the domain.
- 桃陵町は昭和26年(1951年)頃の成立、片桐町は昭和34年(1959年)の成立で、東奉行町、西奉行町、奉行前町は昭和36年(1961年)に桃陵町から分立した。
- Toryo-cho was established around 1951, Katagiri-cho around 1959, and Higashi Bugyo-cho, Nishi Bugyo-cho and Bugyomae-cho were separated from Toryo-cho in 1961.
- また、近年の考古学的成果、特に年輪年代学による新しい年代観により、大和地方での初期国家の成立が邪馬台国と同時代の2世紀頃までさかのぼるとの説が有力になっている。
- Because of the archaeological achievements of recent years, especially the new date estimations of dendrochronology, the theory which suggests the establishment of an embryonic nation in Yamato Region going back to about the 2nd century, contemporary with Yamatai, has come to be dominant.
- 収入について詳しく書かれるのは長享2年(1488年)頃からであるが、ことに後半では収入に関する記述が頻繁に見られ、金銭的に厳しい状態が続いていることが見られる。
- He started to write about his incomes in detail around 1488, and in the latter half of the diary accounts concerning incomes often appeared, which suggests that he had been badly off.
- だが、『日本書紀』によれば、法隆寺は670年に一度焼亡しており、現存する同寺の伽藍はその後(7世紀末頃)の再建であることは発掘調査の結果等からも定説となっている。
- However, according to Nihonshoki, Horyu-ji Temple burned down in A.D. 670 and the existing Saiin Garan was reconstructed later (around the end of the seventh century), and this depiction is now widely accepted, partly because the excavation and research proved the truth of the depiction.
- 戦国時代 (日本)に比較的流動性があった侍と百姓が固定化されるのが天正9年(1582年)頃から始まった太閤検地や天正16年(1588年)の刀狩などによってである。
- The classes of samurai and peasants which had social mobility to some extent in the Warring States period (Japan) were fixed by taiko kenchi (the cadastral surveys conducted by Hideyoshi) which started around 1582 and katanagari (sword hunt) which was carried out in 1588.
- 撰者未詳の図書寮本『類聚名義抄』(1100年頃)と、橘忠兼の『色葉字類抄』(2巻本1163年-1165年頃成立、3巻本1182年-1184年頃成立)がそれである。
- 'Ruiju Myogi sho' (Japanese-Chinese character dictionary from the late Heian Period), Zushoryo version whose compiler is unknown, (completed around 1000), 'Irohajirui sho' (one of Japanese dictionaries in the Heian period) (色葉字類抄) by TACHIBANA no Tadakane (the version constituted of two volumes; completed around 1163-1165), (the version constituted of three volumes; completed around 1182-1184) were newly created.
- 延宝8年(1681年)の村瀬義益『算学淵底記』によれば、17世紀中頃には江戸の各地に算額があったことが記されており、ここでは目黒不動の算額の問題が紹介されている。
- According to 'Sangaku Enteiki '(detail of sangaku) written by Yoshimasu MURASE in 1681, there were sangaku at various parts of Edo in the middle of the 17th century, and examples dedicated to the Meguro Fudo temple are described in the book.
- 大学のサークルとしての落語研究会 (サークル活動)(通称「落研(おちけん)」)が生まれたのは昭和20年代頃で、東京大学や早稲田大学のものが始まりだと言われている。
- From the 1940s and 50s rakugo study associations known as ochiken began to appear in several universities as a form of extra-curricular activity, Tokyo University and Waseda University being among the first.
- その頃「正徳の治」を推し進めていた間部詮房や新井白石は、若年の将軍の権威付けのために皇女の降嫁を計画しており、天英院に対抗する権威を朝廷に求めた月光院も賛成した。
- During this time Akifusa MANABE and Hakuseki ARAI, who were preparing to proceed 'Shotoku no chi' (the peaceful era of Shotoku), planned to have the young Shogun marry with the Princess from the Imperial Palace, as the Shogun would have more authority in this way, Gekkoin agreed to this plan who wished to have more authority for herself inside the Imperial Palace against Teneiin.
- 現存している茅葺き屋根の家屋の多くが江戸時代中頃から末期にかけて建てられたものであり、昔話に出てくる民家を思わせる屋根形状が特徴である「北山型民家」に分類される。
- Many of the existing thatched-roofed houses were built between the mid and late-Edo period that are classified as the 'Kitayama-style houses,' characterized by the shape of roof reminding one of houses in folk tales.
- 鎌倉時代中期頃に成立したと見られる『松島日記』と題する紀行文が清少納言の著書であると信じられた時代もあったが、江戸時代には本居宣長らによって偽書と判断されている。
- 'Matsushima Diary,' a travelogue that seems to have been completed in the middle of the Kamakura period, was once believed to have been written by Sei Shonagon, but it was concluded to be a forged book by Norinaga MOTOORI and others of the Edo period.
- 『周礼』に記された都城の態様がいつ頃から具現化されたのかは明らかではないが、中国の歴史上、このような純然たる都城制が採用されたケースはほとんど見ることができない。
- It is not clear when this type of Tojo written in 'The Rites of Zhou' came into practice, but such pure and simple application of Tojo system can hardly be seen throughout the Chinese history.
- 元和 (日本)6年(1620年)頃に鋳造された慶長豆板銀に始まり、安政6年(1859年)の安政豆板銀まで常に丁銀と同じ銀品位で鋳造され、江戸時代を通じて発行された。
- Since Keicho Mameitagin around 1620, Mameitagin had been steadily minted in the same quality as Chogin until Ansei Mameitagin in 1859 throughout the Edo Period.
- ところが、午後1時頃より愛宕山 (京都市)上空から黒雲が垂れ込めて平安京を覆いつくして雷雨が降り注ぎ、それから凡そ1時間半後に清涼殿の南西の第一柱に落雷が直撃した。
- Ironically, however, around one o'clock in the afternoon on that day, dark clouds lowered on Mt. Atago (Kyoto City) and overwhelmed Heiankyo along with a thunderstorm -- About an hour and a half later, a thunderbolt struck the first pillar at the southwest corner of the Seiryoden.
- 鎌倉幕府滅亡から建武の新政を経る頃には、国氏の孫である今川範国が子達を率いて足利尊氏の北朝に属し、各地で戦功を挙げた事により駿河国・遠江国2ヶ国の守護に任ぜられた。
- When the Kenmu Restoration occurred after the fall of the Kamakura bakufu, Norikuni IMAGAWA, a grandson of Kuniuji, and his sons sided with the Northern Court of Takauji ASHIKAGA and distinguished themselves on the fields of battles and were appointed to shugo (military governors) of two provinces: Suruga and Totomi.
- しかし第7代藩主・小出英タケの頃から飢饉や旱魃、洪水などの天災によって藩財政の窮乏化が表面化し、天明7年(1787年)には凶作と米価高騰などから百姓一揆が発生する。
- However, from around the time that Hidetake KOIDE became the seventh lord, the domain was assailed by a series of disasters including famine, drought, and flooding, weakening the finances of the administration, and, in 1787, a bad harvest and jump in rice price caused a peasant's revolt.
- 13世紀の頃、足利義氏 (足利家3代目当主)の長男・長氏が三河国碧海郡吉良荘(現・愛知県西尾市・幡豆郡)を本拠としたのを契機に、「吉良」を名乗りとしたことに始まる。
- It originated from around the13th century, the first son of Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA (the third family head of the Ashikaga family), Osauji established his home base in Kiranosho, Aomi County, Mikawa Province (present Nishio City and Hazu County, Aichi Prefecture), then commenced calling himself, 'Kira.'
- それらの点から、五味文彦は吾妻鏡の成立は1297年(永仁5年)以降、1304年(嘉元2年)7月までの間、つまり1300年頃であろうとし、それが現在定説となっている。
- Considering these points, Fumihiko GOMI concluded that the completion of Azuma Kagami was between 1297 and July of 1304, or around 1300, which is an established theory now.
- 笠松宏至などの研究により、32人の交名の文書が、相論(訴訟)の証拠物件として提出されたのは1299年(永仁7年:改元にて正安元年)頃となることが明らかになっている。
- A study conducted by Hiroshi KASAMATSU and others revealed that a document with all the names of the 32 individuals were submitted as evidence for the lawsuit around 1299.
- しかし、1970年代・1980年代頃から、史料に基づく実証的な研究が進んでいくと、平氏政権も鎌倉幕府に先立って武家政権的な性格を呈していたことが判明するようになった。
- However, when empirical research based on historical documents became popular during the 1970s and 1980s, it was discovered that the Taira clan administration had bushi government-like characteristics before the Kamakura bakufu.
- 養和の北陸出兵(ようわのほくりくしゅっぺい)とは、養和元年(1181年)7月頃から活発化した北陸地方反乱勢力に対する平家の追討活動のことである(養和元年11月まで)。
- The Yowa no Hokuriku syuppei (the dispatch of troops to Hokuriku region in the Yowa period) was conducted by the Heike in order to track down and kill the rebelling powers in the Hokuriku region, and intensified around September 1181 (ending around December 1181 or January 1182 (November 1181 by the old lunar calendar)).
- 『龍雲寺文書』によれば、永禄~天正の頃、当寺に「大宮様」が住んでいたが、武田方の軍役を務めていたため、徳川家康に攻められ、寺を焼いて信州に逃走している(1580年)。
- According to the 'Documents of the Ryoun-ji temple,' during the era of Eiroku and Tensho, 'Omiya sama' used to live in this temple, as he was during military service in the Takeda forces, the temple was attached by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, he burnt the temple and escaped to Shinshu (1580).
- かつて、京都と伏見を結ぶ運河であった頃は、現在の鴨川合流点のやや上流側で鴨川を東へ横断したのち、一部区間で竹田街道と並行、濠川と合流し伏見港を経て淀川に合流していた。
- When it was a canal that connected Kyoto and Fushimi, it crossed the Kamo-gawa River eastward slightly above today's joint with the Kamo-gawa River, running in parallel with the Takeda-kaido Road in some sections, joining with the Hori-kawa River, and then flowed into the Yodo-gawa River via Fushimi Port.
- 室町時代の焼失後に再建された堂が傷んだため、修理ではなく新築することとし、寛政10年(1798年)頃造営に着手、文化 (元号)5年(1808年)頃完成したものである。
- Because the hall rebuilt after destruction by fire in the Muromachi period was damaged, it was decided not to repair but to rebuild and construction work was commenced in 1798 and it was completed around 1808.
- 2月2日11時頃地震が発生し、その際平沢の炭小屋で屋根が崩れその中にいた長谷川特務曹長、阿部寿松一等卒、佐々木正教二等卒、小野寺佐平二等卒の4人の生存者が発見される。
- Around 11 o'clock on February 2, an earthquake occurred, breaking down the roof of the shack in Hirasawa, and four survivors; Sergeant Major Hasegawa, Private First Hisamatsu ABE, Private Masanori SASAKI and Private Sahei ONODERA who were staying in the shack were found.
- 日本の税体系は,10世紀頃の籍帳支配崩壊に伴う公地公民制の崩壊をうけて,課税が個別的人身賦課方式から土地賦課方式へ転換されるまで,人頭税を財源の中心とするものであった。
- Jintozei (primitive taxes which were imposed individually) were the core financial resources in the tax system of Japan until around the 10th century, when the taxation system was converted from an individual tax imposition system to a land tax imposition system: this conversion was triggered by the collapse of the system of complete state ownership of land and citizens, after the managing system based on the family register and Keicho (the yearly tax registers) had collapsed.
- 10世紀頃から、律令制で規定していた古代の戸籍制度・班田収授による租税制度がほぼ崩壊し、現地派遣の筆頭国司である受領へ租税納入を請け負わせる国司請負制へと移行し始めた。
- Since around the 10th century, the tax system consisting of the ancient family registration system and handen shuju sei (a system of periodic reallocations of rice land) stipulated by the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) had almost collapsed, gradually shifting into the kokushi ukeoi system, which made Zuryo (the head of Kokushi [provincial governors] who was sent to local provinces to administer) undertake tax collection in their provinces.
- 寛政年間(1690年代)頃から農村や漁村へも広がりを見せ始め、江戸時代中期(18世紀)以降に益々増加し、特に江戸時代後期の天保年間(1830年代)前後に著しく増加した。
- From the 1690s, it spread to agricultural and fishing villages, and became even more widespread after the middle of the Edo period (eighteenth century), especially around the Tenpo era (1830s) during the late Edo period.
- そのうちの1人である源頼朝は、6月末頃から河内源氏累代の家人とされる相模・伊豆・武蔵の武士団への呼びかけを始めて、8月17日には、伊豆在住の山木兼隆を襲撃して殺害する。
- One of them, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, from near the end of June started to call to bushi groups in Sagami, Izu and Musashi that were traditionally vassals of the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), and attacked and killed Kanetaka YAMAKI, who lived in Izu, on August 17.
- 鹿児島神社の割註に「兼右云。」とあることから、吉田兼右の在世である16世紀頃に成立したであろうこと、吉田家あるいは吉田家に近い人物が編纂に係わっていることが推測できる。
- From the note for the Kagoshima-jinja Shrine, 'Kanemigi said', it is presumed that the book was written about the sixteenth century which Kanemigi YOSHIDA had been alive, with the cooperation from the Yoshida family or a friend of the family.
- 1889年(明治22年)に開校した東京美術学校(現・東京芸術大学美術学部)では「美学及び美術史」が開講され、この頃から「美術史」の語は現代と同様の意味で使用されている。
- Tokyo Fine Arts School (today's fine arts faculty of Tokyo University of the Arts), which started in 1889, opened the course of aesthetics and art history, and around then the word of art history began to be used with a similar meaning to today's.
- 貴族の装束がそれまでの柔らかなシルエットの萎装束(なえしょうぞく)より、大振りで角が切り立ったかのような強装束(こわしょうぞく)へと移り変わっていったのもこの頃である。
- It is around this time when shozoku (costume) of court nobles changed from nae-shozoku (not starched soft fabric costume) with a soft silhouette to kowa-shozoku (stiffly starched costume) with a big square silhouette.
- この養和の出兵ならびに寿永の出兵は義仲討伐という名目ではなくあくまでも北陸反乱勢力の討伐であり、北陸反乱諸勢力も養和の出兵の頃から義仲の配下にいたわけではないのである。
- The Yowa no Hokuriku syuppei (the dispatch of troops to Hokuriku region in the Yowa period) and the dispatch of troops in the Juei period were not to find and kill Yoshinaka but to find and kill the rebel forces in Hokuriku, and the rebel forces in Hokuriku were not under Yoshinaka's command from the time when troops were dispatched to Hokuriku.
- この頃までの代々の天皇の出自や系統については、記紀の記述通りの「万世一系」ではなく、倭国内各地の有力豪族の間での、複雑な権力移動が裏にあったのではないかという説もある。
- As for the origin and lineage of Emperors around this period, there is also a theory stating that it was not 'bansei ikkei' (an unbroken line) like described in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), but had complex movement of powers in behind and between the powerful local ruling families in various places inside Wakoku.
- 文徳天皇の頃から藤原北家が天皇の外戚として摂政・関白につく摂関政治がある程度形成されていたが、醍醐の子である朱雀天皇・村上天皇兄弟の頃に、摂関政治が確立することとなる。
- Since the era of Emperor Montoku, the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan became Regent and Chancellor as the Emperor's maternal relatives and the regency government was partly established, during the era of Emperor Daigo's child, brothers of the Emperor Suzaku and Emperor Murakami, this government was fully established.
- 日本では古墳時代に古墳の副葬品として馬具が見られることからこの頃に乗馬文化が導入され、軍事的利用される馬の育成は日本列島の各地へ広まり、特に東国において分布が拡大する。
- From seeing the harness as burial goods of the old tomb it proved that a cavalry horse culture started at the tumulus period in Japan, and then raising horses for military use spreaded to various places in the Japanese Islands, especially the distribution expanded in the eastern country.
- 『龍雲寺文書』によれば、永禄~天正の頃、当寺に「大宮様」が住んでいたが、武田氏方の軍役を務めていたため、徳川家康に攻められ、寺を焼いて信州に逃走している(1580年)。
- According to 'Ryoun-ji Temple documents,' during the period of Eiroku to Tensho, 'Omiyasama' lived in the temple, but because he was envolved in the position of military service of the Takeda clan side, he was attacked by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and the temple was burnt down, which forced him to escape to Shinshu (1580).
- これを検討すると、河内国太秦には弥生中期頃の高地性集落(太秦遺跡)が確認されており、付近の古墳群からは5~6世紀にかけての渡来人関係の遺物が出土(太秦古墳群)している。
- A fortified hilltop settlement dating from the middle of the Yayoi period was found in the Uzumasa in Kawachi Province (the Uzumasa site), and artifacts of the fifth to sixth centuries relating to Toraijin (the Chinese and Koreans who settled in Japan in the fourth to seventh centuries), have been excavated (from a cluster of nearby burial mounds).
- 6月23日 (旧暦)午後2時頃、軍勢を鎌倉へ引き上げた義時は、合戦の様子を聞いた時政に対し、重忠の一族は出払っていて小勢であり、謀反の企ては虚報で、重忠は無実であった。
- Around two o'clock on the afternoon on July 18, Yoshitoki, who came back to Kamakura with his army, was asked about the battle by Tokimasa; he told him that the attempted rebellion against Tokimasa was just a rumor, and that he was innocent, as his army was small, due to the fact that his family had gone away.
- こうした「値下げを強要すれば安く米が手に入る」という実績は瞬く間に市から市へと広がり、8月17日頃からは都市部から町や農村へ、そして8月20日までにほぼ全国へ波及した。
- Thus this achievement which was 'if we enforce price reduction, we can get rice at a low price' spread from city to city immediately, and from around August 17, riots spread from urban areas to town or agricultural community and then reached almost everywhere in the country by August 20.
- 天皇は幼少時から病弱であったとされ、『続日本後紀』には7歳の頃からの様々な病歴が記載され、即位後もしばしば薬(丹薬・石薬)の調薬をして医師並みの知識を有していたとされる。
- The Emperor had been weak since birth, and in the record of 'Shoku Nihon Koki' his medical history since age seven is listed; after his enthronement he often compounded medicines (Tanyaku, Ishiyaku), and his knowledge was as good as that of a doctor in his time.
- 6代将軍の足利義教の頃には将軍家の「弓馬師範」としての地位を確立し、以後的始め、馬始めなど幕府の公式儀礼をしばしば差配し、当時における武家の有職故実の中心的存在となった。
- In the period of the sixth shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, it established the position of 'the master of kyuba' of the shogun family and often managed the official ceremonies of bakufu such as Mato-hajime and Uma-hajime (first horse riding in beginning of year) as the key player of yusoku kojitsu of samurai families around that time.
- 15世紀初め頃までは40巻揃っていたが、その後散逸し、塙保己一の門人、稲山行教が10巻分の写本を三条西家で発見(異説として柳原紀光の校訂本説もある)し、初めて刊行された。
- Until about the early fifteenth century, all 40 volumes of Nihonkoki History Book were in existence, but eventually certain volumes were dispersed and lost; however, Yukinori INAYAMA, one of the disciples of Hokinoichi HANAWA, found 10 volumes of the manuscript at the residence of the Sanjonishi family and published them for the first time (There is an opposing view that the published volumes were based on Norimitsu/Motomitsu YANAGIHARA's recension.).
- 中頃は2分金の贋物が多かったのと、この札の信用が増加したため、流通は疎開したが、終わりにはこの札の贋物がしきりに行われ、真贋の区別が難しくなったため、流通は再び梗塞した。
- Although circulation increased in the middle of the period due to an increase in the credit of Dajokan bills, circulation decreased once again at the end of the period as a result of the frequent appearance of counterfeit bills, which were difficult to distinguish from genuine bills.
- 上原は、法華堂に葺かれている瓦に着目して堂の創建年代を天平13年初夏から14年7月頃と見、この堂が福寿寺の金堂であり、さらには金光明寺の金堂にもなった、という説をだした。
- Focusing on the roof tiles of the Hokkedo Hall, Uehara estimated that the foundation of the hall was some time between early summer of 741 and August 742, and presented a theory that this hall was the Kon-do Hall of Fukuju-ji Temple and then used as the Kon-do Hall of Konmyo-ji Temple.
- 平安時代の後期、院政期頃にすこしづつ形を成してきた所謂「イエ」の概念が、更に家格の形成、家業・家職の固定化として京の公家社会から進んでいったことを五味文彦は示唆している。
- Fumihiko GOMI suggested that the concept of 'Family,' which was gradually being formed in the late Heian, the period of the rule of a cloistered emperor, began to spread among the court nobles' society in Kyoto, forming house status and fixing family business and trade.
- このため、禅宗以外の寺院を含めて本来の祠堂銭だけではなく、余剰資金の運営手段として貸付を行うようになり、室町時代に入る頃には寺院は営利目的の金融業と同じようになっていった。
- Consequently, temples other than those of the Zen sect began to lend money as a way to manage surplus funds as well as Shidosen, and in the early Muromachi period, temples were operating similar to for-profit financial institutions.
- 隆備ははじめ佐幕派であったが、禁門の変で御所の警備を務めた頃から次第に官軍側に与するようになり、慶応4年(1868年)1月には西園寺公望を通じていち早く新政府側に帰順した。
- Takamoto initially supported the shogun, but began to lean towards the government army side after serving as a guard of the old imperial palace during the Hamaguri Rebellion, and, in January 1868, he quickly took the side of the new government with the help of Kinmochi SAIONJI.
- 元和通宝(げんなつうほう)は、元和 (日本)元年(1615年)もしくは2年(1616年)頃に鋳造されたとされる、江戸時代の元号を用いた銅銭であり、寛永通宝以前のものである。
- Genna Tsuho is a copper coin named after an era in the Edo period, which is thought to have been minted in around the first or second year of the Genna era (1615 or 1616) in Japan, and it is older than the Kanei Tsuho coin.
- 248年頃、狗奴国との戦いの最中に卑弥呼が死去し、男王が後継に立てられたが混乱を抑えることができず、「壹與」(壱与)または「臺與」(台与)が女王になることで収まったという。
- It is apparent that although a man was appointed king when Himiko died during the war against Kuna (another state in Japan) around 248, he was unable to resolve the turmoil at the time, which was only cleared up when 'Iyo' (壹與 [壱与]) or 'Toyo' (臺與 [台与}) became a queen sovereign.
- 9世紀中期~10世紀頃になると、従来の律令制(編戸制・班田制など)による統治に限界が見られるようになり、中央政府は租税収入を確保するため、社会の実情に即した国制改革を進めた。
- From the mid 9th century to the 10th century, the conventional administration based on the ritsuryo system (such as henko-sei, the organization of the citizens, and handen-sei, the ritsuryo land-allotment system) faced its organizational limit, and the central government promoted a nation-wide reform of the system to reflect the actual social situations in order to maintain the level of the tax revenue.
- 永禄8年(1565年)5月19日午前8時頃、義輝を廃し義輝の従弟足利義栄を将軍に擁立しようと画策する松永久秀ならびに三好三人衆らの軍勢は、義輝のいる二条御所を包囲、攻撃した。
- About 8 a.m., June 27, 1565, the troops led by Hisahide MATSUNAGA and the three men of the Miyoshi family, intending to oust Yoshiteru and helping Yoshiteru's cousin Yoshihide ASHIKAGA to win the position of Shogun, besieged and attacked the Imperial Palace in Nijo, where Yoshiteru lived.
- 戦国時代初期の頃は通常農閑期に行われる戦は農民兵たちにとって支給される賃金と陣中食はじめ兵糧、即ち現金収入がある出稼ぎと食い扶持減らしの出来る一挙両得の短期雇用の場であった。
- At the beginning of the Sengoku Period, battles which were usually conducted in off-season for farmers were an opportunity for peasant soldiers for short-term employment with ikkyoryotoku (killing two birds with one stone) where they could obtain wages to be paid and army provisions including a combat ration, in other words, cash income and a decrease in payment for food.
- 南条元続はそれに先立つ天正11年(1583年)の末に帰国しており、暫定的な形ではあるものの八橋城を除く東伯耆3郡を同12年(1584年)1月頃には毛利氏より引き渡されていた。
- Back to his home in the end of 1583, Mototsugu NANJO had been placed in charge by the Mori clan, though tentatively, of three countries in the east Hoki Province, except Yabase-jo Castle, by January 1584.
- 糸花は、横目扇でなく白地の扇ながら幼い皇太子の檜扇に松の飾りがあるという承久2年(1220年)の記録(玉蘂)があり、鎌倉時代中期頃より文献で蜷飾りが確認できる(装束式目抄)。
- There is a record in 1220 (Gyokuzui (Michiie KUJO's diary)) that thread flower of pine was found on the hiogi of young crown prince, although it was a plain-wood fan instead of cross-grained fan, and nina decoration can be found in the documents in the mid-Kamakura period (Shozoku Shikimokusho).
- 明治時代に入る頃まで月ヶ瀬村は烏梅(若い梅の実の燻製。ベニバナ染料に必要な材料。)の一大生産地であり、月ヶ瀬梅林は烏梅の原料となる梅の実を収穫する用途で規模を拡大していった。
- Until early Meiji period, Tsukigase Village had been the major producer of Ubai (a smoked young plum required to produce Safflower dyes), which contributed to the growing size of Tsukigase Bairin to gather more plums for Ubai.
- 常盤井宮、木寺宮両家は、室町時代の後期頃には断絶したと考えられるが、この2つの宮家に次いで創設され、以後、戦後の皇籍離脱まで約550年間の長きに渡って続いたのが伏見宮である。
- The Tokiwainomiya and the Kideranomiya family were presumed to be discontinued at around the end of the Muronachi period, the Fushiminomiya family was established after these two Miyake, and continued to survive for five hundred and fifty years until renouncing membership in the Imperial Family after the War.
- 福知山市を含む周辺地域では縄文時代の始め頃から人が住んでいたといわれ、広範囲において数多くの古墳やその住居跡が出土したことから、かつては多数の有力豪族が居たと考えられている。
- It is said that people lived in the surrounding area including Fukuchiyama City from the beginning of the Jomon period; many influential powerful families are thought to have lived here because many ancient tombs and dwellings were found across a wide area.
- そのため、その性格は多分に実権よりも名誉や権威に重きがおかれた役職であったが、熊野別当家の没落につれ、14世紀中頃以降、熊野に対する実権を掌握するようになっていった(歴史)。
- Therefore, characteristically the position emphasized honor and authority rather than the real power; however, as Kumano betto family's power had declined, Kumano Sanzan Kengyo came to seize the power in Kumano after the middle of the 14th century.
- 5世紀頃(宋 (南朝))の江南で活躍した道士、陸修静(りくしゅうせい 406年 - 477年)はさまざまな流れのあった道教をまとめあげる事に大きな寄与をした、と言われている。
- It is said that Rikushusei (406 - 477) in the Song (Southern) Dynasty around the fifth century contributed significantly to the unification of various Dokyo schools that existed at that time in Konan (Jiangnan).
- 更に1960年代頃から朝鮮半島で広がった民族主義の影響もあり、特に朝鮮半島の研究者により、記紀に記されているヤマト朝廷の直接的な任那支配は誇張されたものだとの主張がなされた。
- Furthermore, due to the influence of nationalism which spread in the Korean Peninsula from the 1960s, researchers, especially those in the Korean Peninsula, insisted that the records in Kiki (Kojiki [A Record of Ancient Matter] and Nihonshoki), which say that Yamato Dynasty directly controlled the Mimana, were exaggerated.
- オランダ正月の背景には、8代征夷大将軍徳川吉宗による洋書輸入の一部解禁以降、蘭学研究が次第に盛んとなり、この頃には蘭癖と称されたオランダ文化の愛好家が増加していたことがある。
- As a background to Oranda Shogatsu, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the eighth Seii Taishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) lifted the ban partially on the import of the western books, which triggered the increasing of Dutch studies and Dutch devotees, called Ranpeki who adored Dutch cultures.
- 台与以後、しばらく倭国による中国王朝への朝貢の記録は途絶えていたが、4世紀後期ごろから東晋など南朝への朝貢が再び見られるようになり、この朝貢は5世紀末頃まで断続的に行われた。
- After the rule of Tayo, there were no records that the Wakoku ruler had offered tribute to the Chinese dynasties for a few centuries, but around the late fourth century, records of tribute to the Southern Dynasty, including the Eastern Jin dynasty, were found and the tribute had been sent intermittently till the end of the fifth century.
- 600名にのぼるデモ隊は夜9時頃市警本部に向かい玄関前で抗議集会を開始したが催涙弾などで強制排除され、10時過ぎに再び集合して抗議団を編成、市警本部長に面会を要求しようとした。
- At nine p.m. about 600 students started a protest in front of the headquarters of the City Police, however it was soon broken up by tear bombs and so on; the students gathered again after ten o'clock and formed a delegation to request the Chief of the City Police to meet them.
- 1983年には、ニューヨークの寿司店「初花(はつはな)」が、ニューヨーク・タイムス紙のレストラン評で最高の4ッ星を獲得、この頃までには寿司のイメージが転換していたことが窺える。
- In 1983 the sushi restaurant 'Hatsuhana' in New York got the best four-star restaurant rating in The New York Times and we see that until that time the image of sushi changed.
- また福岡市博多区の那珂遺跡群(奴国の遺跡)では3世紀頃の「都市計画」によって造られたとみられる国内最古の「道路(幅7メートル・南北へ1.5キロ以上の直線)」跡が見つかっている。
- In Naka sites (the remains of Nakoku) in Hakata Ward, Fukuoka City, the nation's oldest site of a `road was found (7meters wide, 1.5 kilometers in a north-south direction) assumed to be developed based on `city planning' in the third century.
- 尚、小判については正徳小判から享保小判への変更に付き若干の品位向上となったが、丁銀についても金貨とのバランスの関係から初期の頃に品位を若干向上させる変更を行ったとする説もある。
- As for koban (former Japanese oval gold coin), the karat was upgraded a little when shotoku koban was changed to kyoho koban, and there is a theory that the karat of chogin was also upgraded in the early stage to keep a balance with gold coin.
- それ以前は、古代の戸籍制度・計帳・班田収授法などに立脚した律令制統治が行われていたが、この頃には、人民の浮浪・逃亡・偽籍が著しく増加したため、律令制統治が行き詰まりを見せていた。
- Before that, Japan had been ruled by the ritsuryo system of governance (a constitutional form of governance) built on an ancient family register system, tax book, handenshuju-no-ho (law on the distribution and collection of farmlands) and so on, but at that time, vagrancy, elopement, false family registration of the people dramatically increased and the ritsuryo system of governance ran into an impasse.
- 11世紀の侍階層出現の頃より現れて公家の家政機関に奉仕する役目を担うが、四位・五位へ昇進する諸大夫より下位に置かれて、基本的には六位に置かれていた(稀に五位に昇る者が存在した)。
- The position first appeared in around the 11th century when the samurai rank system was created, and it fulfilled the role of serving the household institution of court nobles, however, it ranked under Shodaibu (aristocracy lower than Kugyo) who would raise to Shii (Fourth Rank) or Goi (Fifth Rank), mainly placed at Rokui (Sixth Rank) (rarely, some rose to Goi).
- 親王に常に従軍していた僧義観の日記からは、四月頃からすでに用語などは天皇扱いであったことが知られ、彰義隊に擁立された頃には践祚したか、少なくともその計画があったことが推測できる。
- According to the diary of priest Gikan who always joined the army with Prince Yoshihisa, it is known that terms used for the emperor have been applied to Prince Yoshihisa since around April, and thus it can be assumed that he ascended the throne when he was put up by shogitai or at least accession to the throne was scheduled.
- 旧暦の元旦から6日頃まで、静かな夜に社前の海上に現れたというもので、最初に1個現れた火が次第に数を増して50個ほどになり、それらが集まってまた1個に戻り、明け方に消え去るという。
- From New Year's Day to the day six in an old lunar calendar it appeared above the sea in front of shrine gate at quiet night, where firstly the one fire appeared and it gradually increased to about fifty and they aggregated into one fire again and disappeared at dawn.
- 江戸時代後期の学者であり、東山の景観を好んだことで知られる頼山陽が、自らを「三十六峯外史」と号していたことからも、江戸時代頃には「三十六峰」の考えが知られていたものと推測される。
- The fact that Sanyo RAI, a scholar of the late Edo period, who was well-known for his fondness for the landscape of Higashiyama, called himself 'Sanju-Roppo Gaishi' implies that the notion of 'Sanju-Roppo' presumably became common around the Edo period.
- また山口博は、天暦7年(953年)10月28日 (旧暦)に皇太后藤原穏子により昭陽舎で菊合が開かれており、穏子は翌年昭陽舎で没していることから、その頃には完成していたとしている。
- On the other hand, Hiroshi YAMAGUCHI argues that Empress FUJIWARA no Onshi held a chrysanthemum contest in Shoyosha on December 7, 953 and died the next year, and therefore Gosenwakashu had been completed at that time.
- 景戒は、下の巻三十八に自叙伝を置いて妻子とともに俗世で暮らしていたと記しており、国家の許しを得ない私度僧に好意的で、自身も若い頃は私度僧であったが後に薬師寺の官僧になったという。
- Keikai included his autobiography in Chapter 38 of Volume 3 in which he wrote that he lived with his wife and children in the secular society, and, having been a shidoso (lay Buddhist monk) himself in his youth albeit became an official monk of Yakushi-ji Temple later on, was sympathetic with lay Buddhist monks who were not recognized as legitimate Buddhist monks by the state.
- 藤原京の頃を頂点として、次第に政事庶務の中心が朝堂院から周辺官衙に移っていき、平安京の頃にはその規模は縮小され、朝賀や即位、饗宴など、主に朝廷の盛典、儀礼に用いられるようになった。
- After the peak period of Fujiwara-kyo (the Fujiwara Palace; the ancient capital of Fujiwara), the center of political and general affairs had gradually shifted from the chodoin to the kanga (government office) around them, and by the time of Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto), the scale of the chodoin had been reduced; as such, the chodoin came to be used mainly for rituals and ceremonies of the Imperial Court such as Choga (New Year's greetings or well-wishes offered by retainers to the Emperor), enthronement and a banquet.
- 続いて延暦16年(797年)頃には、更に大納言神王・右中弁橘入居らによって刪定令格(さんていりょうかく)全45条が編纂され、同年6月9日 (旧暦)(797年7月7日)に施行された。
- Subsequently around 797, Santei Ryokaku Code with 45 articles was compiled by Major Counselor, Miwao, Middle Controller of the Right, TACHIBANA no Irii and so on and was enforced on July 7, 797.
- その一方で、鎌倉時代には地頭による侵食を受け、室町時代には守護(守護大名)によって蚕食されるなど、武士の進出に伴って次第に解体への道を進み、戦国時代 (日本)頃までにほぼ形骸化した。
- The system, however, was encroached on by Jito (lords of the manors) in the Kamakura period and by Shugo Daimyos (provincial constables) in the Muromachi period, and thus gradually dismantled in accordance with the rise of samurais and almost became a mere formality by the time of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan).
- 平安時代(へいあんじだい、794年-1185年頃)とは、794年に桓武天皇が平安京(京都)に都(首都)を移してから、鎌倉幕府の成立までの約390年間を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
- The Heian period denotes a period of Japanese history spanning roughly 390 years, from 794 when Emperor Kanmu moved the capital to Heian Kyo (ancient Kyoto) to the establishment of the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in 1185.
- また生没年も伝わっていないが、資料・作品等から寛弘5年(1008年)に30歳位と推測されるので、逆算して天延元年(979年)頃生? - 長和五年(1016年)頃没?と推定されている。
- Also, her dates of birth and death are unknown, but it is suggested that she was about 30 years old in 1008, based on historical materials and her works; by counting backwards from that age, she would have been born around 979 and died around 1016.
- だが、後に厭魅蠱毒事件の続発によって呪禁そのものが危険視されたこと、同様に道教の呪術を取り入れた陰陽道の台頭によって8世紀末頃には事実上廃止され、9世紀には呪禁師の制度自体が消滅した。
- But with the later occurrence of the Enmi kotoku jiken (an incident in which a witch doctor committed murder), jugon itself began to be seen as dangerous, and furthermore the practice of jugon was abandoned by the end of the eighth century due to the rise of onmyodo (the yin-yang arts of magic and divination), which also derived from Daoist incantations; by the dawn of the ninth century, even the institution of jugonshi had disappeared.
- この頃の事は国人衆の記述が多い『余目氏旧記』にも出でこない事を考えると、足利一門として大崎氏や最上氏と同列に認識されていたと思われ、塩松氏(石橋氏)は高い家格を誇っていたこともわかる。
- Because what happened to the clan at that time was not written in the 'Amarume shi Kyuki' (Old Record by the Amarume Clan) which had many details of local lords, the clan, which was ranked in the same level as the Osaki and the Mogami clans as a family of the Ashikaga clan, boasted of high family status.
- それでも室町時代半ば頃から藤原定家の流れを汲む三条西家の活動により古い時代の本文により忠実だとされる「青表紙本」が優勢になり、逆に「河内本」の方が消えてしまったかのような状況になった。
- All the same, 'Aobyoshibon' became dominant and 'Kawachibon' receded because, since the middle of the Muromachi period, 'Aobyoshibon' came to be considered truer to the texts of old times by the Sanjonishi family, which was in the line of FUJIWARA no Sadaie.
- 天元 (日本)4年(981年)頃、陸奥国守・橘則光(965年 - 1028年以後)と結婚し、翌年一子橘則長(982年 - 1034年)を生むも、武骨な夫と反りが合わず、やがて離婚した。
- In 981, she married TACHIBANA no Norimitsu (965 - 1028), the Governor of Mutsu Province, and a year later she bore him a child, TACHIBANA no Norinaga (982 - 1034); however, she couldn't get along with her rough husband, and before long she divorced him.
- 合せて、10世紀末頃には、造東大寺所(前造東大寺司)の知事僧も勤務を怠けるようになってきたため、東大寺は、南大門や羂索院双倉、大仏殿後戸などは、傷みに傷んで、倒壊寸前か、してしまった。
- Furthermore, at the end of the tenth century, the governor monk of the Office of Todai-ji Temple Construction (successor to the Agency of Todai-ji Temple Construction) began to neglect his work, which resulted in collapse or almost collapse of terribly deteriorated structures, including the Nandai-mon gate, the twin treasure houses of Kensaku-in, and the back door of the Great Buddha Hall.
- しかし、平安時代中頃から僧一人一人の力が強くなると私僧房ばかりに目が行くようになって力がなくなると、組織を政所内部に組込んで修理所とし、荒廃が進んでいた堂宇の営繕に努めるようになった。
- But the organization was integrated into the Office of Administration as the repair section in order to put much effort into maintenance and repair of the deteriorating temple buildings since much attention had been paid to the priests' private quarters due to the power transition to individual monks during the mid Heian period.
- 慶運(けいうん/きょううん、永仁年間(1293年-1299年) - 正平 (日本)24年/応安2年(1369年)頃)は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての天台宗の僧・歌人。
- Keiun, also known as Kyoun (born sometime during the 1293-1299, and died in 1369), was a poet and monk of the Tendai sect who lived in the latter days of Kamakura period into the middle of Japan's Northern and Southern Court period.
- また守護は、当初は国司の業務や地頭の権限への介入を禁じられていたが、応仁の乱以後の地方定住と権力の拡張の結果次第に領主化して室町後期には地方支配も進み、この頃の守護は守護大名と呼ばれる。
- At first, it was prohibited for shugo to intervene in the tasks of Kokushi and the authorities of Jito, however, as a result of settlement in local areas and expansion of authorities after the Onin War, they gradually became feudal lords and cemented their grip in local areas by the late Muromachi period; shugo in this period are especially called shugo-daimyo (Japanese territorial lords).
- 江戸時代中期頃には、条件に関わらず一律の石盛が採用されるようになり、干減引が廃されて屋敷地と上畠を下田の石盛1石1斗に揃え、畠についてはそこから2斗下りする方法が採用されるようになった。
- During the middle of the Edo period, Kokumori based on evenness came to be adopted regardless of any conditions; Kangenbiki was abolished and Kokumori taken on residential areas and high-grade fields were altered to be the same amount of lower-grade rice paddies, or 1 Koku and 1 To, while for fields, the method of exercising Nitokudari from this amount was adopted.
- だが、後に厭魅蠱毒事件の続発によって呪禁そのものが危険視されたこと、同様に道教の呪術を取り入れた陰陽道の台頭によって8世紀末頃には事実上廃止され、9世紀には呪禁博士の制度自体が消滅した。
- But with the later occurrence of the Enmi kotoku jiken (an incident in which a witch doctor committed murder), jugon itself began to be seen as dangerous, and furthermore the practice of jugon was abandoned by the end of the eighth century due to the rise of onmyodo (the yin-yang arts of magic and divination), which also derived from Daoist incantations; by the dawn of the ninth century, even the institution of the jugon hakase had disappeared.
- なお始めの名称は「冷然院」であったが、たびたび火災による焼失と再建を繰り返したことから「然」の字が「燃」に通じ不吉であるとされて、天暦8年(954年)頃の再建の際に「冷泉院」に改称した。
- The original name was 'Reizenin' (冷然院), and it was renamed 'Reizeiin' (冷泉院) when it was restored around 954, because 'Reizenin' (冷然院) was considered unlucky for the reason that the character of '然' was similar to '燃' which means 'burn'; in fact, it had burned out and been restored a few times.
- この頃の後白河と清盛の関係は良好で、嘉応2年(1170年)福原にある清盛の別荘で宋人を引見して日宋貿易に興味を示し、承安元年(1171年)12月には清盛の娘・平徳子が高倉天皇に入内する。
- During this time the relationship between Goshirakawa and Kiyomori was favorable, Goshirakawa showed his interest in the trading between Japan and Sung, when he granted a person from Sung an audience at Kiyomori's villa in Fukuhara in 1170, TAIRA no Kiyomori's daughter, TAIRA no Tokuko officially entered the Imperial Palace to become Emperor Takakura's wife in December 1171.
- 文明_(日本)15年(1483年)頃には備前国西部に確固とした力を築いていたためか、守護の赤松氏から警戒され、赤松政則の追討の命を受けた浦上則宗の一族の浦上則国に攻め込まれることとなる。
- Because of the Matsuda clan's having built the unchallenged power in the western Bizen Province in around 1483, the Akamatsu clan, the Shugo, was wary of them, and Norikuni URAGAMI, a family member of Norimune URAGAMI, who was ordered to hunt down and kill them by Masanori AKAMATSU, attacked them.
- また、アメリカ南西部のモゴヨン文化(Mogollon)文化やホホカム文化(Hohokam)文化の人々は、9世紀頃まで、入り口部分を張り出し状にした竪穴住居に住んでいたことが知られている。
- The people of Mogollon and Hohokam cultures of southwestern United States are known to have lived in such pit-type dwellings with the entrance protruding outward, until around ninth century.
- 名体制を確立するため、現地支配に当たる国司の筆頭者の権限強化が求められるようになり、10世紀中頃には租税収取・軍事警察などの分野で中央政府から現地赴任筆頭国司への大幅な権限委譲が行われた。
- As strengthening the authority of the head of kokushi, who were responsible for local administration, was required in order to maintain the above system, a big transfer of authority from the central government to the head of kokushi was made in the mid-10th century concerning tax collection and military police.
- 能の起源について正確なことはわかってはいないが、7世紀頃に中国大陸より日本に伝わった日本最古の舞台芸能である伎楽や、奈良時代に大陸より伝わった散楽に端を発するのではないかと考えられている。
- Although the origin of Noh is not clear, it is generally believed that Noh originated from gigaku (ancient pantomime in which performers wear masks), Japan's oldest theatrical art that was introduced from China during the seventh century, and sangaku (form of theater popular in Japan during the eleventh to the fourteenth century) introduced from the Asian continent during the Nara period.
- 先割れスプーンが学校給食に用いられだしたのがいつ頃からかは定かではないが、1950年代から1960年代よりプレス加工で大量生産の利くこの食器は、小学校などで供される給食に利用されていった。
- Although it is not certain when spork has been started using at school lunch, these eating utensils which can be mass-produced by press copies from the master came to be used at school lunch in schools such as elementary school from 1950s to 1960s.
- 奴隷としての賤民は早い時代に消滅したが、被差別階級としての賤民(いわゆる“穢多”“非人”)が中世の頃から顕著に見られ始め、近世を通じて存続し、明治4年(1871年)の解放令まで残っていた。
- Senmin as a slave disappeared in an early period, but Senmin as a discriminated class (so-called 'Eta' [one group comprising the lowest rank of Japan's Edo-period caste system, people whose work usually involved handling human bodies or animal carcasses] and 'Hinin' [one group comprising the lowest rank of Japan's Edo-period caste system, often ex-convicts or vagrants]) started appearing obviously in the medieval period, survived throughout the early-modern times, and existed until Kaiho Rei (Emancipation Edict) was promulgated in 1871.
- 1946年(昭和21年)に京都バスを設立して京都電燈の傘下であった京都地区のバス会社をまとめ、1950年(昭和25年)頃には京都と福井で合わせて120.9kmもの路線網を擁することになった。
- In 1946, Kyoto Bus was founded by merging the subsidiary bus companies of Kyoto Dento in the Kyoto area, which eventually covered the routes consisting of 120.9 km in Kyoto and Fukui by 1950.
- だが、応仁の乱以後には将軍の臨席は減少し、11代将軍足利義澄の頃には将軍主宰とされながら実際には将軍が臨席する事は無く、側近である内談衆が決定事項を将軍に取り次いで裁可を得る仕組みとなった。
- After the Onin War, the shogun's presence at gozen-sata became less, and in the tenure of the eleventh shogun Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA, the shogun namely chaired, but did not attend gozen-sata, which resulted in a procedure whereby naidan shu (judges), shogun's entourages, brought the decisions to the shogun for the approval.
- 室町時代に最初の最盛期を迎えたが、やがて天童氏など同族内の争いが絶えず起こったために衰退し、最上義定の頃の1514年(永正11)には伊達氏と長谷堂城で戦って敗北し、一時は伊達氏の配下になる。
- Although it reached the high watermark in the Muromachi period, it came to decline due to frequent inter-clan conflicts, such as one with the Tendo clan, and Yoshisada MOGAMI was defeated by the Date clan in the battle of Hasedo-jo Castle in 1514 and became under control of the Date clan temporarily.
- 当初古田が権威あるとされる研究誌での公表を行っていた頃には評価とあわせ批判をしていたものの、現在では主要な百科事典や邪馬台国論争史を著述した研究書においても記載されることなく無視されている。
- While FURUTA's publication in authoritative journals were studied and criticized before, today, it was never publicized in major encyclopedias or in research books describing the Yamatai-koku kingdom history dispute and was neglected.
- 律令初期は原則どおり議政官会議における決定を受けて太政官符が発給されたと考えられているが、平安中期頃になると、上卿(太政官筆頭)が主宰する陣定での決定をもとに太政官符が発給されるようになった。
- During the early period under the Ritsuryo system, it is considered that Daijokanpu was issued in accordance with the principles following the decision of the Giseikan Conference, but in the middle of the Heian period, Daijokanpu came to be issued based on Jin no Sadame (one of the Imperial conferences) hosted by Shokei (court novels who work at Imperial Court as high rank post) (the top official of Daijokan).
- この頃、朝鮮半島や中国の沿岸などで倭寇(前期倭寇と呼ばれる)と呼ばれる海上集団が活動し始めており、懐良親王は倭寇の取り締まりを条件に明朝から冊封を受け、「日本国王」としての権威で勢力を強める。
- Around this time, maritime groups of pirates called Wako (meaning Japanese pirates) began to raid the coasts of the Korean peninsula and China (these are labeled the 'early period Wako' to distinguish them from later pirate groups of the same name), and a request, called a Sakuho, from the Ming court that the pirates be brought under control was sent to Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, addressed to the 'King of Japan'; Kaneyoshi thereby received a boost to his authority.
- また、逢坂から南へ抜ける奈良街道(奈良に都があった頃の北陸道)、東山を日ノ岡の南で越える渋谷街道(東国と六波羅探題を結んだ)や京都府道118号勧修寺今熊野線、大岩街道など数多くの街道があった。
- There were many roads that passed through the city: the Nara Kaido Road that extended south from Osaka (the Hokurikudo Road when Nara was capital), the Shibuya Kaido Road that crossed Mt. Higashi south of Hinooka (linking eastern regions with Rokuhara Tandai (the Kamakura Shogun's Kyoto Agent)), present-day the Kajuji Imagumano Line of Kyoto Prefectural Route 118, and Oiwa Kaido Road.
- 源氏物語が、紫式部によって「いつ頃」・「どのくらいの期間かけて」執筆されたのかについて、いつ起筆されたのか、あるいはいつ完成したのかといった、その全体を直接明らかにするような史料は存在しない。
- There is no historical material that immediately reveals 'when' and 'for how long' Murasaki Shikibu wrote 'The Tale of Genji,' nor is there any indication of when she started or finished writing.
- 浅井氏の家臣団は元々浅井氏の家臣であった譜代系である田辺・保多・矢野・遠藤らのほかに、かつて京極氏家臣団の頃に同格であった海津・小山・三田村・八木・布施・今井・磯野・阿閉などの名前が挙げられる。
- For the retainers of the Azai clan, as well as the hereditary vassals of the Azai clan such as the Tanabe, the Hota (保多), the Yano and the Endo, there were who once in the same position as the Asai clan as retainers of the Kyogoku clan, such as the Kaizu (海津), the Koyama, the Mitamura, the Yagi, the Fuse, the Imai, the Isono and the Atsuji.
- 紀貫之(き の つらゆき、貞観 (日本)8年または14年(866年、872年)頃? - 天慶9年5月18日 (旧暦)(945年6月19日)?)は、日本の平安時代前期から中期の歌人、随筆家である。
- KI no Tsurayuki (866 or 872? - June 19, 945?) was a poet and essayist from the early to the middle Heian period.
- 寛弘二年(1005年)12月29日 (旧暦)より、一条天皇の中宮・藤原彰子(藤原道長の長女、のち院号宣下して上東門院)に女房兼家庭教師役として仕え、少なくとも同八年頃まで奉仕し続けたようである。
- In December 29 (according to the lunar calendar) of 1005, she began serving the Empress of Emperor Ichijo FUJIWARA no Shoshi/Akiko (the oldest daughter of FUJIWARA no Michinaga, and later given the name of the Retired Emperor Jotomonin) as a court lady-cum-tutor, and she served the Empress at least until 1011.
- 江戸時代から明治時代にかけて、これらの歌集に登場する「内の御方」(今上天皇)は後亀山天皇であるとの見解が支配的であったため、この頃に書かれた系図や歴史書は、後亀山天皇の生母を嘉喜門院としていた。
- From the Edo to Meiji period, it had been a dominant view that the word 'uchino onkata' (means the present Emperor) which appeared in the collections of poetry referred to Emperor Gokameyama, so the genealogies and history books written around this time said that Emperor Gokameyama's real mother was Kakimon-in.
- 平氏は、西国の勢力を再編成して軍の再建を進め、瀬戸内沿岸で義仲軍を徐々に押しやり、寿永3年(1184年)1月に義仲が頼朝政権軍(源範頼・源義経軍)に滅ぼされる頃には福原を回復するまでに至っていた。
- The Taira clan reorganized the west forces and reestablished its troops, gradually pushing Yoshinaka away at the Setouchi seacoast, and by the time Yoshinaka was eliminated by the Yoritomo government troops (troops of MINAMOTO no Noriyori and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune) in January 1184, they had recovered Fukuhara.
- しかしその頃、時を同じくして船によって琵琶湖を渡っていた丹羽長秀が「一度坂本に戻るべし」という部下の反対にあうも機は今を置いて他に無いと判断し、進路を変更して海津への上陸を敢行した事で戦局は一変。
- However, Nagahide NIWA, who was then crossing Lake Biwa by boat, decided that now was the time; despite objections from his subordinates that he should return to Sakamoto for the present, Nagahide changed his course and ventured a landing on Kaizu, which decisively turned the tide of the battle.
- 南北朝時代_(日本)前期(14世紀中頃)に書かれた事がほぼ確実とされている『増鏡』の冒頭にも『増鏡』が『弥世継』の続きである事が明言されており、当然にこの時代には『弥世継』が存在していた事になる。
- In the opening pages of 'Masu Kagami,' which is almost certain to have been written in the first half of the period of (Japanese) Northern and Southern Courts (around the middle of the 14th century), the author made a definite statement that 'Masu Kagami' was a sequel to 'Iya Yotsugi,' which naturally suggests that 'Iya Yotsugi' had already existed in that time.
- それでも政盛の孫の高梨政頼の頃まで独立性を保ってきたが、村上氏を撃破した甲斐国の武田信玄の侵攻を受け、弘治 (日本)年間(1555 - 1558)に本拠地中野郷から信越国境に近い飯山郷まで後退した。
- Until the time of Masayori TAKANASHI, a grandson of Masamori, the Takanashi clan remained independent, but Shingen TAKEDA, of Kai Province, who had destroyed the Murakami clan, invaded the land of the Takanashi clan and they retreated to the Iiyama area close to the boundary of Shinano and Echigo from Nakano, the base, between 1555 and 1558.
- 院宮給の成立については諸説あるが、三宮への年官は淳和天皇の頃に成立し、残りの三宮の年爵・院の年官・年爵も宇多上皇が院宮給のありかたについて触れた『寛平御遺誡』が成立した寛平年間には既に存在していた。
- Although there are various theories on when Ingu kyu was established, nenkan for Sannomiya came into existence during the era of Emperor Junna, while nenshaku for the Sannomiya, as well as nenkan and nenshaku for In, had already existed in the Kampyo era after 'Kampyo-Goyuikai/Kampyo-no-Goyuikai' (a group of precepts for governing) was established and the retired Emperor Uda mentioned what he thought should be the ingu kyu.
- 若い頃(とりわけ明治10年代)には、侍補で親政論者である漢学者元田永孚や佐々木高行の影響を強く受けて、西洋の文物に対しては懐疑的であり、また自身が政局の主導権を掌握しようと積極的であった時期がある。
- During his younger days (especially between 1876 to 1885), he was greatly influenced by Nagazane MOTODA and Takayuki SASAKI, scholars of the Chinese classics who acted as his jiho (aides) and were supporters of direct imperial rule, and there was a period when he was skeptical about western literature and tried to actively gain control of the government.
- もとは天田郡(現在の福知山市)および何鹿郡(現在の綾部市)の地域だけを示す呼称であったようだが、昭和40年頃より行政用語として、丹後地方に属する加佐郡(現在の舞鶴市)を加えたものをいうようになった。
- Chutan used to indicate only the area in Amata-gun (present-day Fukuchiyama City) and Ikaruga-gun (present-day Ayabe City), but, now indicates the area including Kasa-gun (present-day Maizuru City) in the Tango region since around 1965, as an administrative term.
- 関東ベエ・奥州ベエたちは、秋の収穫を済ませてから旅立ったため小辺路を通行する頃にはすっかり厳冬期にはいっており、しばしば「雪が三尺も積もった峠を平気で越えて、萱小屋や大股や水ヶ峯の宿屋に泊まった」。
- Such kanto-be and oshu-be began their trips after finishing harvests in Autumn, therefore they had to walk Kohechi in midwinter, however, 'most of them crossed passes on which snow lay about 90.9 centimeters high without any difficulties and stayed at inns in Kayagoya, Omata or Mizugamine'.
- だが、この頃、室町幕府が足利義満のもとで全盛期を迎えており、至徳 (日本)3年(1386年)には延暦寺以下京都の有力寺社が京都の地域内において私的権力を行使する事が制限された(警察権の幕府への集中)。
- However, the Muromachi bakufu, in its prime under Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, regulated Enryaku-ji Temple and other powerful temples and shrines in Kyoto which exercised their private power within the Kyoto area in 1386 (Concentrating police authority in the bakufu).
- 延久2年(1070年)から永久 (元号)2年(1114年)までの記録があるが、治暦年間(1065年-1068年)頃から記していたとも言われるが、京都大学文学部所蔵の自筆1巻を残し、ほとんどが散逸する。
- Although there are records from the diary from the year 1070 to 1114, it is likely that Tamefusa began writing it between 1065 and 1068; most of it has been scattered and lost except for volume one of his own writing, which is kept at the Faculty of Letters in Kyoto University.
- 安田元久などの旧来の学説では、源義家の後三年の役の頃から、「武士の棟梁」たる清和源氏と、在地武士団との主従関係が生まれ始めたとするが、『奥州後三年記』に見える義家の郎党の主力は京武者コネクションである。
- According to the former academic theories by Motohisa YASUDA, the master and servant relationship between the local bushidan and toryo of bushi of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) began from the time of the Gosannen War (the Later Three Years' War) of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, but the power of Yoshiie to be master over his retainers seen in 'Oshu-gosannen-ki' (A Chronicle of Later Three Year's War in Oshu) was connected with samurai in Kyoto.
- 平安京の頃から、後の京都の基礎となった左京地域を唐の都・洛陽に擬えて「洛陽」と呼び、市内を洛中(らくちゅう)、外側を辺土、後に洛外(らくがい)と呼んだが(京都と洛陽を参照)、具体的な定義は曖昧であった。
- From around the time of Heian-kyo, the Sakyo area, which became the basis for the subsequent city of Kyoto, was called 'Rakuyo' after the Tang Dynasty Chinese capital Luoyang (Rakuyo in Japanese), and the area within the city was called Rakuchu, while the outside area was called Hendo (remote region) and later called Rakugai (refer to Kyoto and Rakuyo), but definitions were ambiguous.
- 長徳四年(998年)頃、親子ほども年の差がある山城国守藤原宣孝と結婚し、長保元年(999年)に一女・藤原賢子(かたいこ・けんし)(大弐三位)を儲けたが、この結婚生活は長く続かず、まもなく宣孝と死別した。
- In about 998, she married a governor of Yamashiro Province FUJIWARA no Nobutaka, who was old enough to be her father; in 999 she bore him a daughter, FUJIWARA no Kataiko/Kenshi, but this marriage life didn't last long because Nobutaka died soon afterward.
- 格式編纂の構想は、桓武天皇の頃から存在したが、嵯峨天皇の時代に「造格式所」を設置して、藤原冬嗣を総裁として藤原葛野麻呂・秋篠安人・藤原三守・橘常主・興原敏久らと事にあたらしめてから編纂事業が本格化した。
- The idea of compiling the laws was around from the time of Emperor Kanmu, but the project only went into full swing when a 'law office' was established during Emperor Saga's reign, and FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu was appointed as the head, with FUJIWARA no Kadonomaro, AKISHINO no Yasuhito, FUJIWARA no Mimori, TACHIBANA no Tsunenushi, and OKIHARA no Miniku as members.
- 具体的には、「いざ鎌倉」などに代表される緊急時の軍役、内裏の警護である大番役、幕府の警護である大番役、後の元寇の頃には異国警固番役や長門警固番役という形で行われ、また関東御公事と言われる経済負担もあった。
- Specifically, there was military service during emergencies such as 'Iza, Kamakura' (mobilization to Kamakura at the time of emergency), Obanyaku (the job of guarding Kyoto) to protect for dairi (Imperial Palace) or bakufu, Ikokukeigobanyaku and Nagato keigoban during later Mongol invasions, and Kanto-mikuji which was an economic burden.
- その後、鎌倉時代後期頃より再び妃が置かれるようになるが、この時期になると有力な外戚の存在が皇位継承を左右するようになっており、妃そのものの地位は皇后・中宮に次ぐ地位の妃という意味しか持たなくなっていった。
- After that, Hi was replaced in the late Kamakura period, but the powerful maternal relative influenced succession to the Imperial Throne and the status of Hi was the third rank after Empress and the second consort of an emperor.
- しかしながら、律令制度下の太上天皇制度が王権を分掌していることから事件が起きたという評価がなされるようになり、2003年頃から一部の高校用教科書では「平城太上天皇の変」という表現がなされるようになっている。
- However, some have concluded that this incident occurred because in the Daijo tenno (retired emperor) system under the Ritsuryo system sovereign power was divided, and the expression 'the Incident of the Retired Emperor Heizei' has been used in some high school textbooks since 2003.
- ついで、同年12月13日辰刻(午前九時頃)に尼崎城の近く、織田信忠が陣をはっていた七つ松に有岡城の本丸にいた人質が護送され、97本の磔柱を建て家臣の妻子122名に死の晴着をつけ、鉄砲で殺害されたようである。
- Around nine o'clock in the morning on January 9, 1580, hostages in honmaru of Arioka-jo Castle were sent to Nanatsumatsu where Nobutada ODA had taken up a position and 97 crosses were erected and 122 wives and children of subordinates were made to wear festive dress and killed with guns.
- 挙兵当時から右筆として居たのは藤原邦通だが、1184年頃から藤原俊兼、二階堂行政、大江広元、三善康信らの京史、つまり朝廷に仕えていた中・下級実務官僚が鎌倉に下り、後に政所となる公文所や問注所の担い手となる。
- FUJIWARA no Kunimichi was a senior officer of writing when the army was raised, but after around 1184, the middle and lower class officials serving the Imperial court such as FUJIWARA no Toshikane, Yukimasa NIKAIDO, OE no Hiromoto, and Yasunobu MIYOSHI went down to Kamakura to be in charge of Monchujo and Kumonjo, the Office of Administration which later became Mandokoro.
- 藤原定家の『明月記』は『吾妻鏡』1200年(正治2年)3月27日条から頼家・実朝将軍記に限って使用されているが、『吾妻鏡』の編纂者がそれを借り受け、書写したとしたら、その時期は1290年頃から以降となろう。
- 'Azuma Kagami' referred to the records in FUJIWARA no Teika's 'Meigetsuki,' although it is confined only to the record of Shogun Yoriie and Sanetomo since March 27, 1200, and if the compiler of 'Azuma Kagami' borrowed and copied the diary, it would have been around 1290.
- その権威が頂点に達したのは太平洋戦争時であり、昭和13年(1938年)の国家総動員法が発令された頃より、軍部により現人神(あらひとがみ)と神格化され、天皇を中心とした戦時国家体制が作られた(皇国史観を参照)。
- It was at the time of the Pacific War that authority reached its peak, and after the period when the National General Mobilization Act was issued in 1938, the Emperor was deified as Arahitogami, and the system of the nation under war with the Emperor in the center was established by the military (refer to Kokoku Shikan, or Emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto).
- 磐城国の閼伽岳山頂の寺から東を見ると、4,5里(約16-20キロメートル)の彼方に海が見え、日暮れの頃、海上の高さ約1丈(約3メートル)の空中に提灯か花火の玉のような赤い怪火の出没する様子がよく見えるという。
- About 16-20 kilometers eastward from the temple on the summit of Mt. Akadake in Iwaki Province, the sea was seen and at dusk a red mysterious fire like a paper lantern or a ball of firework appeared about three meters above the sea, which was very visible.
- 行事所(ぎょうじしょ)は、9世紀中頃に大嘗祭(だいじょうえ)などに現れ、徐々に恒常・臨時を問わず様々な行事に設けられた機能性を重視したプロジェクトチームであり、必要な物資の調達を含む行事事務全般を取り仕切る。
- The Gyojisho came into existence in the Daijoe (first ceremonial offering of rice by newly-enthroned Emperor) and so on in about the middle ninth century, gradually grew into a functionality-oriented project team in various regular/temporal rites and festivals, and dealt with general affairs of rites and festivals including supplying necessary goods.
- 近世における枕草子注釈の最高峰として、同じ年に刊印された加藤盤斎(1625-1674)の『清少納言枕草紙抄』を圧倒したばかりでなく、明治まで版を重ねて広く流布した(元禄の頃にはすでに海賊版が横行したという)。
- As the pinnacle of commentary on 'Makura no Soshi' in the early modern period, it not only overwhelmed Bansai KATO's (1625 - 1674) 'Seishonagon Makura no Soshi Sho,' another commentary on 'The Pillow Book' which was published the same year, but it was also widely circulated in multiple editions until the Meiji period (it is said that pirated editions were already commonplace circa the Genroku era (1688 - 1703).
- 以前、学界では平氏政権を貴族政権的な性格が強いとする見解が主流であったが、1970年代・1980年代頃からは、平氏政権が地頭や国守護人を設置した事実に着目し、最初期の武家政権とする見解が非常に有力となっている。
- In the past, many theories in the field considered the Taira clan administration as being a strongly aristocratic administration, but from around the 1970s and 1980s, the theory that the Taira clan administration was the first warrior class government which focussed on the fact that the Taira clan administration established Jito (local lord of a manor) and Province officers became dominant.
- 規定品位は初期は五十二匁位(84.6%)前後(五十二匁二分位(84.29%)は平均値とされる)であったが、後の三代目後藤庄三郎良重の頃すなわち寛永年間以降は、「見増の位」五十匁七分位(86.79%)に上昇した。
- Its regular carat was around 52 monme (84.6%) in the early time (52 monme 2 bu [84.29%]is average), rising to 50 monme 7 bu (86.79%) which is 'the value of Mimasu' around the time of the 3rd Shosaburo Yoshishige GOTO, after Kanei era, later.
- 以後、高橋・安曇の両氏が長官職を担当した時は「奉膳」を名乗り、(安曇氏は高橋氏との衝突の末、桓武天皇の頃に断絶し、奉膳職は高橋氏の世襲職となった)高橋氏・安曇氏以外の者が長官職を担当したときは「正」を名乗った。
- After that, when both the Takahashi and Azumi clans were in charge of the director post, they identified themselves as 'buzen' (after the Azumi clan was at strife with the Takahashi clan and was extinguished during the time of Emperor Kanmu, and thus the position of buzen became seshu shiki [hereditary agency] of the Takahashi clan) and when the other clans except for the Takahashi and Azumi clans were in charge of the director post, they identified themselves as 'Kami.'
- 後年は冊子形式を用いているが、これは実隆が政治の実際から離れ、出家した頃(永正13年(1516年))に符合し、実隆が日記を家記としてではなく、備忘録的なものと位置づけるようになったのではないかと推測されている。
- The later years' entries took a form of booklet, and these years corresponded to the years when Sanetaka left politics and became a priest (in 1516), which makes us imagine that Sanetaka came to consider a diary not a family record but a memorandum.
- この頃の皇位継承のルールには、兄弟承継、大兄承継、群臣推挙、先帝遺詔(更に近年では即位要件に年齢制限(30歳以上)があったとする説もある)などがあり、これらが複雑にからんで皇位継承が行われていたと推定されている。
- There was a regulation in terms of Imperial succession in those days such as the succession between brothers, the succession of eldest brothers, being nominated by aides, following the will of a former Emperor, etc, (there was a theory developed from a recent study that there was an age limit, up to thirty years old, for succeeding to the throne), it is presumed after fulfilling such complicated requirements, Imperial succession was decided.
- 以前からくすぶっていた新県構想は請願権の獲得によって一気に高まり、明治23年(1890年)の夏頃には「会見郡・汗入郡・日野郡3郡の島根県編入案」と「鳥取・島根両県を合併させ、会見県を新設する案」の2つが示された。
- The previously-existing conception of creating a new prefecture grew rapidly after the right of petition was obtained, and in the summer of 1890, 2 ideas such as 'incorporating Aimi, Aseri and Hino counties into Shimane Prefecture' and 'incorporating Tottori and Shimane Prefecture and create Aimi Prefecture' were presented.
- その頃、明治政府の参与を免ぜられて京都に引籠もっていた愛宕通旭はかつて廷臣八十八卿列参事件にも加わった事があり、「天皇の藩屏」たる公卿が薩長の下級武士によって政治の中枢から切り離されていくことに苛立ちを感じていた。
- At the same time, Michiteru OTAGI, who had been dismissed from the position of councilor to the Meiji Government and retired to Kyoto, felt irritated that, despite having participated in the demonstration held by 88 retainers of the Imperial Court and been part of 'the protective wall for the emperor', he had now been cut off from the center of politics by lower-ranking samurai from Satsuma and Choshu.
- 日本書記には、「仁徳天皇の頃に『佐伯部』(さえきべ)といわれる猪名県で形成され、近畿に属したヤマト王権の軍隊が仁徳天皇へ馬を召し上げた」と書かれており、古来から猪名県はヤマト王権と密接な関係にあったとみられている。
- Nihonshoki says 'During the period of Emperor Nintoku, an army called 'Saekibe' under Yamato sovereignty, which was formed by Ina no Agata and belonged to Kinki region, presented a horse to the Emperor', and therefore it is thought that Ina no Agata had a close relationship with Yamato sovereignty from ancient times.
- 2つの絵巻は傍証にしか過ぎないが、武士団の蔓延はいつから、という問いに対しては、ちょうど12世紀に入ろうとする頃から、「保元の乱」、「平治の乱」を第一の節目として、更に源平の争乱においてピークに達したと見られている。
- Two picture scrolls were just circumstantial evidence, but the expansion of bushidan started around the time when entering twelfth century and 'Hogen Disturbance' and 'Heiji Disturbance' were the first phrase and reached the peak with the Genpei War if asked about when it started.
- 租税としての「所当」も本来は適切に賦課された官物・雑役・地子などの租税のことを指していたが、12世紀初頭頃より、単に「所当」をもって(公事や臨時雑役などの臨時の賦課に対する)正規の賦課を意味する言葉となったのである。
- Shoto,' which meant tax, originally indicated taxes properly levied such as kanmotsu (produce tax), zoyaku (miscellaneous labor services), and jishi (land tax); but from the beginning of the 12th century, 'shoto' solely meant a regular levy (in contrast to such extraordinary levies as kuji and extraordinary odd-jobs).
- 木地師とは、山で木を採り椀や盆などの木製品に仕上げる職人で、奥高野から吉野にかけての山域には近江国小椋村(滋賀県東近江市永源寺町)を本拠地とした江州渡(こうしゅうわたり)木地師と呼ばれた人々が大正の頃までいたという。
- Kiji-shi were craftsmen who collected woods in mountains and made wooden products, such as bowls and trays, and it is said that in the mountain range from Okukoya to Yoshino there had been such craftsmen called 'Koshuwatari Kiji-shi' who had their base mainly in Ogura Village, Omi Province (Eigenji-cho, Higashiomi City, Shiga Prefecture) until the Taisho era.
- 所務とは、元来、務めるところという字義どおり仕事・職務を意味する言葉だったが、平安時代の荘園公領制の展開に伴い、荘園や公領の管理職務に付随する権利・義務を表すようになり、鎌倉時代頃には転じて所領等の不動産管理を意味した。
- Originally, the word 'shomu' meant jobs and duties, as suggested by the characters which mean 'work that is related to the place'; however, with the development of shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates) during the Heian period, the word came to express the concept for the rights and obligations pertaining to the managerial work in shoen (manors) and koryo (the imperial teritories), and further during the Kamakura period, the word was extended to mean the property management of domains such as shoryo.
- 転地療養先では地元住民との交流も行われたようで、箱根塔ノ沢環水楼(和宮湯治時は中田暢平旅館)中野敬次郎氏に1960年代、当時98歳の平塚きわという老婆が幼い頃、村の子供達を招待して菓子を振舞われた宮の思い出を語っている。
- It seemed Kazunomiya had some contact with the local people where she stayed to rest up, Keijiro NAKANO of Kansuiro, Tonosawa, Hakone (it was Choan TODA Hotel while Kazunomiya stayed in the hot-spring resort) remembers an old lady, Kiwa HIRATSUKA who was ninety eight years old at that time, talking about Kazunomiya, that she used to have children of the village over to give some sweets during 1960s.
- これらの史料から安東氏は、鎌倉中期頃から陸奥に広範囲の所領を有した北条氏宗家(得宗)の被官(御内人)として蝦夷の統括者(蝦夷沙汰代官職)に任ぜられ、北条氏を通じて鎌倉幕府の支配下に組み込まれていったものと考えられている。
- Based on these historical materials, it is thought that the Ando clan was appointed to the administrator of Ezo (Ezosata daikan [local governor]) as a hikan (bureaucrat) (Miuchibito) of the head family of Hojo clan (Tokuso [the patrimonial head of the main branch of the Hojo clan]), which had an extensive territory in Mutsu Province from the mid-Kamakura period, and then through the Hojo clan, the Ando clan came to be controlled under the Kanamura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- また、元亨3年(1323年)頃に現在の韓国全羅南道新安郡沖で沈んだ商船が昭和51年(1976年)に発見され、元から日本への輸入品とみられる大量の中国製陶磁器や銅銭をはじめ、日本・中国製の遺物が多数発見された(新安沈船)。
- Also, the merchant ship sank off the coast of present-day Sinan, Jeollanam-do, in the South Korea around 1323 was discovered in 1976 and the goods appeared to be imported from the Yuan Dynasty to Japan, a large amount of Chinese pottery and the copper coin, as well as a lot of relics made in Japan and China were discovered (the wrecked ship found in Shinan, South Korea).
- 慶長古鋳小判(けいちょうこちゅうこばん)は初期の慶長小判と位置付けられるもので、慶長5年(1600年)頃、慶長の幣制の成立の前年に家康の方針により武蔵墨書小判の墨書を極印に改め一般流通を前提として鋳造させたものとされる。
- Keicho Kochu Koban is defined as the early Keicho Koban, cast based on Ieyasu's plan, changing sumigaki of Musashi Sumigaki Koban to hallmark, around 1600, previous year in which the currency system of Keicho was established, supposed to be circulated publicly.
- 従ってちょうど『吾妻鏡』の編纂時期とみられる頃には赤橋家は寄合衆には加わっておらず、そのことが反映されているのだとしたら、これは例外ではなく逆に『吾妻鏡』の編纂は1302年前後、1304年までの間であることの傍証となる。
- Therefore around the possible period of Azuma Kagami's compilation, the Akahashi family didn't attend Yoriai-shu, and if that was reflected in 'Azuma Kagami,' it would not be an exception, but be evidence to prove that it was compiled around 1302, or by 1304.
- おなじ頃、中関白藤原道隆(953 - 995年)の妻となり、内大臣伊周(974 - 1010年)・中納言藤原隆家(979年 - 1044年)・僧都隆円(980 - 1015年)の兄弟及び長女藤原定子を含む三男四女を生んだ。
- Around the same time, she got married to Naka no Kanpaku (Middle Regent) FUJIWARA no Michitaka (953 - 995), and gave birth to three sons and four daughters who were; Minister of the Center Korechika (974 - 1010), Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Takaie (979 - 1044), Sozu (second rank monk) Ryuen (980 - 1015), and eldest daughter, FUJIWARA no Teishi.
- 『上宮記』逸文は近年、黛弘道の研究によって推古朝の遺文である可能性も指摘され、その内容の信憑性や実際の血統については前述のとおり議論が分かれているものの原帝紀の編纂(欽明天皇朝か)と同じ頃に系譜伝承が成立したものと思われる。
- Recently, Hiromichi MAYUZUMI's study pointed out the possibility that the surviving fragment of 'Joguki' is a remaining document from the Reign of Empress Suiko, and, even though its credibility and the truth of genealogy remain an open question as mentioned above, the tradition of genealogy appears to have been established around the same time as when Gentekiki (the ur-text of Teiki [records of Emperor's family tree]) was compiled (possibly in the reign of Emperor Kinmei).
- 全81巻と「陰徳記序および目録」1冊で、戦国時代 (日本)の山陰地方、山陽地方を中心に、室町時代13代将軍足利義輝の時代から、慶長の役まで(永正8年(1507年)頃-慶長3年(1598年)頃までの約90年間)を書く軍記物語。
- It is a war chronicle comprising 81 volumes plus a separate volume entitled 'Intokuki jo oyobi mokuroku' (Preface and Table of Contents for the Intokuki); it is focused mainly on the Sanin and Sanyo regions and begins its account in the time of the thirteenth Shogun of the Muromachi period, Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, and continuing until the Keicho Campaign (or in other words, it covers a roughly 90-year span from 1507 to 1598).
- 天福 (日本)元年(1233年)頃、『新勅撰和歌集』撰進に際し藤原定家に選考歌の提出を求められ、詠歌を纏めたのがこの家集である(右京大夫の歌で『新勅撰集』に選ばれたのは二首に止まるが、のちの『玉葉和歌集』には十首採られた)。
- This poetry collection was compiled in response to FUJIWARA no Teika's request around 1233, when he asked her to present some poems to select for the compilation of the 'Shin chokusen wakashu' (New Imperial Anthology of Japanese Poetry) (Only two poems by Ukyo no Daibu were selected for the 'Shin chokusen shu' but later, ten poems were selected in the 'Gyokuyo Wakashu' (Collection of Jeweled Leaves)).
- 『詞花集』と『金葉集』との違いでもっとも顕著なのは、『金葉集』の近代重視に対し、『詞花集』では、最多入集歌人が曾禰好忠(17首)・和泉式部(16首)であることが示すとおり、中頃(後拾遺和歌集時代)の歌人を重視する方針をとる。
- The most significant difference between 'Shika shu' and 'Kinyo shu' is that 'Kinyo shu' considered the contemporary poets to be important while 'Shika shu' treated the poets around the period of Goshui Wakashu (Later Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poetry) with respect; it is illustrated by the fact that the poets whose poems were selected most were SONE no Yoshitada (17 poems) and Izumi Shikibu (16 poems).
- 平安時代に入ると、蔵人など後宮出入りの職権を持つ官職が登場するようになると、後宮十二司の役割が低下し、10世紀の中頃には内侍司に他の11司の機能が吸収・統合される形で後宮の機構改革が行われながら摂関政治期を迎えることになった。
- In the early Heian period, job grades such as kurodo that had authority of comings and goings in the kokyu appeared, which lowered the role of the kokyu junishi, and in the middle of the tenth century, while the structural reform of the kokyu was performed in the form of the functions of eleven tsukasa being absorbed/integrated by the Naishino tsukasa, the Sekkanseiji Period (regency period) made a start.
- この記述を根拠として、朝廷内での文字の常用はおそらく西暦600年前後、厩戸皇子(聖徳太子)の頃であり、継体天皇即位の頃については文字としての記録は無く、口頭での言い伝えとして大和朝廷周辺に記憶があったのみであるとする説もある。
- Based on this description, there is a theory that characters probably began to be used commonly in the Imperial Court around 600 during the era of Prince Umayado (Prince Shotoku) and that there were no records of characters around the time of the enthronement of Emperor Keitai, which was only remembered as a tradition by the people of the Yamato Dynasty.
- また南北朝期の頃から、荘園公領制を支えていた職の体系が動揺し始めており、それまで職(しき)の継承は世襲による場合が多かったのに対し、職が金銭で売買されたり、必ずしも世襲によらなくなるなど、職の遷代と呼ばれる現象が起きつつあった。
- Besides, the system of shiki (the right of property, title, etc.) underlying Shoen koryo sei; the land governance system in the middle ages, started becoming unstable with the `transfer of shiki;' shiki was transferred using money or was not always succeeded by heredity while the succession of shiki (the right of property, title, etc.) had been based on hereditary transfer in most cases until then.
- 定形化の成立が何時頃であるのかは詳らかではないが、「そらみつ」を「そらにみつ(空に満つ)」と改めたのも人麻呂であろうと思われ(『万葉集』巻1・29番歌)、枕詞の創造・再解釈に関しては、この歌人によるところが多いことは事実である。
- We cannot know exactly when the formalization was completed, but can guess that it was Hitomaro who revised 'sora mitsu' into 'sora ni mitsu' ('Manyoshu' Vol. 1, 29th poem), so it is true that this kajin (waka poet) made a significant contribution to the creation and reinterpretation of makurakotoba.
- その結果、中央財政にも影響を与えるようになり、宋王朝では乾興 (宋)元年(1022年)に官僚荘園を30頃、将吏衙前荘園を15頃に制限する提案が出されたものの失敗し、その後限田免役法を行って免役の範囲や寄進に制約を課そうとしている。
- As a result, the finance of the central government was influenced by this and during the Sung dynasty in 1022, the proposition that the manors owned by a bureaucrat be limited to 30 and shorigozenmaeshoen to 15 was issued but it failed and later the regulations of tax exemptions were promulgated to impose the restrictions on the range of tax exemptions and the donations.
- なお『宇津保物語』ではさまざまな直衣が登場するが、『枕草紙』では「桜直衣」(表が白で裏が紫や赤系統の直衣)、『源氏物語』では二藍や縹の夏直衣がさかんに現れ、10世紀末頃より後世定番化する配色の直衣が流行しはじめていたことがわかる。
- There were various type of Noshi in 'Utsuho monogatari' (The Tale of the Hollow Tree), 'Sakura Noshi' (white on outside and the lining was purple or other red or similar color) was often used in 'Makura no soshi' (The Pillow Book), Futaai or light blue Noshi was often used in 'Genji monogatari' (The Tale of Genji), we can imagine that the popular color which became common in the later years, was the latest in fashion at around the end of the 10th century.
- 広隆寺の記録などから、6世紀頃に河内国讃良郡太秦(現在の大阪府寝屋川市太秦)を本拠地とした秦河勝が、現在の桂川 (淀川水系)に灌漑工事として葛野大堰を築き、この地を朝廷より与えられ、直轄領としたかこの地に本拠を移したと考えられる。
- A record kept in Koryu-ji Temple and others suggest that HATA no Kawakatsu, who had established his foothold in Uzumasa, Sasarano-kori, Kawachi Province (present-day Uzumasa, Neyagawa City, Osaka Prefecture) during the sixth century, moved his base to this region given by the Imperial Court, because he succeeded in building Kadono Oi River Dam for the irrigation of the present day Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system).
- この頃の武蔵国司は、時政の後妻牧の方の娘婿平賀朝雅であり、比企能員の変の翌月の建仁3年(1203年)10月、朝雅は京都守護のため上洛し、朝雅の上洛後に時政が将軍実朝の命によって武蔵国務職に任じられ、武蔵国衙の行政権を掌握していた。
- In November 1203, when Tomomasa HIRAGA, the kokushi of Musashi Province and the son-in-law of Tokimasa's second wife, went to the capital (Kyoto) as the military governor of Kyoto, Tokimasa came to hold executive power of the Musashi no Kokuga (local government of Musashi) as ordered by the shogun Sanetomo.
- 江戸における嘉永年間(1850年頃)の就学率は70~86%といわれており、イギリスの主な工業都市で20~25%(1837年)、フランス1.4%(1793年)、ソビエト連邦20%(1920年、モスクワ)と、外国に比べ就学率が高かった。
- The percentage of children attending school was about 70 to 86 % in the Edo period around 1850s, and was higher compared to foreign countries such as 20 to 25% for major industrial cities in Britain (1837), 1.4% for France (1793) and 20% for the Soviet Union (1920, Moscow).
- こうした明法勘文は、朝廷・院庁の政治的権威が京都とその周辺部で堅持されていた南北朝時代 (日本)の頃までは盛んに作成されていたが、以後政治的権力の失墜とともに明法道も衰退し、明法勘文が作成されることはほとんど無くなったとされている。
- Myobo kanmon had been actively created by the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), when the political power of the Imperial Court and In no cho was well retained in and around Kyoto, but Myobodo declined with the downfall of such political power and Myobo kanmon were no longer created.
- こうした経緯も含め、藤原良房は仁明朝期頃から次第に権勢を強め、文徳天皇が東宮だった頃に嫁がせていた娘、染殿后藤原明子 (染殿后)(あきらけいこ)がちょうど天皇即位の年にようやく産んだ、第四皇子惟仁親王(のちの清和天皇)を立太子させる。
- Given the situation, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa started to enhance his political power during Emperor Nimmyo's reign; he let his grandchild, his fourth prince, Korehito (later called Emperor Seiwa), whose mother was Some dono no kisaki (Empress) FUJIWARA no Akirakeiko (Empress Some dono) (Akira Keiko) become the crown prince, married while the Emperor was the crown prince, and finally had Prince Korehito in the same year as the Emperor's enthronement.
- 設立の由来については、遣唐使として唐に渡った菅原清公が、唐の昭文館・崇文館を参考にして承和 (日本)元年(834年)頃に設立したとされているが、文章博士が設置された神亀5年(728年)以後に文章生を収容する宿舎があったとする見方もある。
- As the origin of foundation, it was accepted that SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi, who went as a Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China, founded the Monjoin around 834 modeled after 昭文館 and 崇文館 in Tang -- On the other hand, there was another opinion that there had been a dormitory for monjosho (student of literary studies in the Imperial University) after 728 when the Monjo hakase was founded.
- 同じ頃、天皇や院、寺社、摂関家などの他の権門に仕えていた神人・寄人・供御人などの非農業民である職能民に対して、本来在家として課される公事を免除される(免在家)とともにその代償としてそれぞれの職能に応じた奉仕を行い、これも「公事」と称した。
- During the same period, nosyokumin (workers engaged in special vocations), who were non-peasants including jinin (shrine associates), yoriudo (a dependent, frequently one who served a noble house or proprietor) and kugonin (purveyors to the imperial household) who served another influential family such as Emperor, In, temples, Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) and so on were exempted from kuji that was supposed to be imposed to zaike (local cultivator household) (Menzaike), and as a compensation, they provided with service corresponding to their professional ability, which was also called 'kuji'.
- 当初は学生が東西いずれの曹に属するかという規定は定まっていなかったが、文章生が文章得業生となり対策を受ける際には所属する曹とは反対の曹の文章博士から出題を受けることとなっていたため、当然その頃にはいずれかの曹に属していなければならなかった。
- Although it was not defined which of the toso and seiso the students were to belong at the beginning, when monjosho became Monjo tokugosho (Distinguished Scholars of Letters) and took taisaku (civil service examination), it was decided that the Monjo hakase of the so other than that the monjosho belonged to set the examination, which meant that the monjosho had to belong to either the toso or the seiso by that time.
- 田安家徳川宗武の七男・松平定信(後の松平定信)が幼少の頃から英明を謳われ、後継と目されたが、時の権力者・老中田沼意次や、子の徳川家斉(後の家斉)を推す徳川治済(一橋家当主)らの画策で、陸奥国白河藩主・松平定邦の養子にさせられたとも言われる。
- The seventh son of Munetake TOKUGAWA of the Tayasu family, Masamaru (later Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA), was famous for his intelligence since childhood and considered to be a successor, but roju Okitsugu TANUMA, an influential person in those times, and Harusada TOKUGAWA (the head of Hitotsubashi family) who backed up his son Ienari TOKUGAWA made him being adopted as a son of Sadakuni MATSUDAIRA, the lord of Shirakawa Domain in Mutsu Province.
- 自由民権運動最中の1880年頃より、東京日日新聞や朝野新聞などで人権の擁護と天皇制の維持の両立のために、制憲のための会議を招集して憲法草案を作成し、天皇の合意を得られた国約憲法をもって憲法とすべしとの論調が張られ、民権家達にも影響を与えた。
- During the Movement for Liberty and People's rights sometime around 1880, the Tokyo Nichinichi Newspaper, the Choya Newspaper, and other major newspapers claimed that, in order to simultaneous support both the people's rights and Imperial order, a congress of the people should be convened to formulate constitutions drafts, which would be instituted once it met with the Emperor's approval, and this opinion greatly influenced the populace.
- ただし五味文彦は、それ以前の1235年頃に、「頼朝将軍記」とかの『原吾妻鏡』と呼べるような歴史書が原型として出来上がり、同じころに京都では『原平家物語』が著され、また東国では『原曽我物語』がつくられたということもあり得るのではないかとする。
- However Fumihiko GOMI considers that history books which deserve to be called 'The original Azuma Kagami,' like 'A Record of Shogun Yoritomo,' were completed in their original form around 1235, and around the same time, 'The Original Tale of the Heike,' and in the eastern provinces, 'The Original Tale of Soga' could also be said to have been written.
- 間もなく山陰道鎮撫総督西園寺公望から丹波に王政復古(日本)の募兵があり、前年末頃から御所警備などの勤王奉仕策を練っていた山国では、平安時代以来の皇室との関係と郷中復古(禁裏御料回復)の願いから、直ちにこれに応じて自弁による農兵隊が結成された。
- Soon after, imperial loyalist (anti-bakufu) troops recruited by Kinmochi SAIONJI, the general placed in charge of pacifying the Sanindo highway and the surrounding area, appeared in Tanba Province, and in Yamaguni, whose inhabitants had been training to serve the imperial cause, for example by standing guard at the imperial palace in Kyoto, since the end of the previous year (1867), they were also hoping for a restoration of their own hamlet along with a resumption of the ties with the imperial house they had held since the Heian period, desires which quickly prompted them to form, at their own expense, a fighting force of farmers.
- 16世紀中頃すなわち戦国時代より戦費調達および賞賜のための金銀需要が拡大し、日本各地において金鉱山および銀山の開発が活発となり増産が行われ、特に銀は世界一、二位を競うほどの産出高を誇るようになり、全世界の約三分の一を産出したと推定されている。
- Since the middle of the 16th century, namely the Sengoku period, demand for gold and silver increased for financing the war effort and for giving awards, and therefore gold and silver mines were actively developed to increase the production of gold and silver, especially the latter, the production of which was world's biggest and is estimated to have reached one third of the entire world's production.
- なお、「朱子学は憶測にもとづく虚妄の説にすぎない」と朱子学批判をおこなった荻生徂徠が頃に吉宗に提出した政治改革論『政談』には、徂徠の政治思想が具体的に示されており、これは日本思想史のなかで政治と宗教道徳の分離を推し進める画期的な著作でもあった。
- In addition, around 1726 a political reform theory, 'Discourse on Government' (Seidan) was submitted to Yoshimune by Sorai OGYU, who criticized the doctrines of Zhu Xi, saying that 'the doctrines of Zhu Xi was only a delusional theory based on speculations,' and this book not only demonstrated Sorai's political philosophy concretely but stood out as an epoch-making work in Japanese history of thought which promote the separation of politics from religious morals.
- 『白造紙』、『紫明抄』あるいは『花鳥余情』といった古い時代の文献には宇治十帖の巻数を「宇治一」、「宇治二」というようにそれ以外の巻とは別立てで数えているものがあり、この頃すでにこの部分をその他の部分とは分けて取り扱う考え方が存在したと見られる。
- Some old literature like 'Hakuzoshi,' 'Shimei-sho Commentary' and 'Kachoyojo' number the 'Ten Quires of Uji' like 'Uji 1,' 'Uji 2,' considering that these chapters are somewhat different from the others, which suggests that some people in those days already considered that this part should be separate from the others.
- 平安時代中期頃から見られるが、当初は親王・女御などの生計に資するために判官以下の官職に限って給したが、後には太上天皇や三宮 (后妃)、大臣などに支給対象が広げられ、支給される役職も権守や介などにも広げられた(ただし大臣は掾・大舎人に制限された)。
- The custom had been observed from the mid Heian period: at first, it was limited to the government posts at the rank of hangan (inspector [third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo period]) and below in order to support Imperial Princes and consorts financially; later it was extended to Daijo Tenno (retired emperors), Sangu (the Empress, the Dowager Empress, the Grand Dowager Empress), and ministers (however, it was limited to jo [secretary of provincial offices] and Otoneri [royal attendant] among ministers), and the government posts granted were also extended to gon no kami (provisional governor) and suke (provincial governor) other than hangan.
- これを、アイヌに仏教を強要したためとする意見もあるが、この頃元 (王朝)が樺太アイヌを攻撃したことが元史に記録されており、ここでいう「ゑぞ」をアイヌではなく広く北方の異民族と解し、安藤氏がアイヌを率いて元に討たれたのではないかと推察する説もある。
- Some researchers interpret this as the fact that he had forced Buddhism to the Ainu, however, others suppose that the Ando clan that lead the Ainu might have been defeated by Yuan Dynasty because the Yuan's attack against the Ainu in Sakhalin (Karafuto) Island around that time was documented, and therefore, the word 'Emishi' here might indicate the northern foreign people in general, and not meaning precisely the Ainu.
- 在京の頃の歌風と比べ、東下後の歌風は、「雅」がまるで感じられず、まるで別人に取って代わったと言ってもいいような変化(それも、素人あるいは、一般庶民のような野臭い歌風に急変したとする)であるため、それをもって、替え玉であると言うことを唱える人もいる。
- Some people said some of Kazunomiya's poems after she moved to Edo, compared with the ones she wrote while she was in Kyoto, were not elegant at all, it was almost like someone else wrote the poems for her (it is said the poems were not even professionally written, her style changed into an unprofessional, dull style all of a sudden), there was a theory that someone was acting as a double in place of Kazunomiya.
- 九戸の乱後に氏郷が加増された頃から、蒲生家における家老職にあたる仕置奉行の筆頭として政務を執っていた郷安であったが、文禄の役で氏郷が名護屋に出陣している際に、会津で重臣の蒲生郷可、蒲生郷成らと一触即発の自体を招くなど、家中では対立する人々が多かった。
- Satoyasu worked as the head of a police magistrate in the Gamo family, which held the position of chief retainer to perform political duties from the time when Ujisasato received additional estates after the Kunohe War, but there were many who antagonistic to each other within the family as he came into the hair-trigger situation with the chief retainers Satoyoshi and Satonari GAMO in Aizu, while Ujisato raised the army and traveled to Nagoya during the Bunroku War.
- 郡山記の成立年代は定かではないが、最も新しい記事が弘化3年(1847年)12月付の十津川村でのものであることや、伴存から門弟の堀田龍之介にあてた弘化4年(1847年)12月27日付の書簡で群山記の構成を伝えていることから、弘化4年頃のことであると見られる。
- It is not exactly clear when Gunzanki was written, but because the latest article was about Totsukawa-mura Village in January 1847 and Tomoari mentioned the construction of the Gunzanki in the latter to his disciple Ryunosuke HOTTA dated on February 1, 1848; it is thought to be around 1848.
- イルティッシュ号投降事件(イルティッシュごうとうこうじけん)は、日本海海戦で損傷を受けたロシアのバルチック艦隊の特務艦イルティッシュ号が航行不能となり、1905年(明治38年)5月28日午後2時頃、島根県那賀郡都濃村和木(現・江津市和木町)で投降した事件。
- The Irtysh surrender incident is the incident in which the crew of a special service vessel of the Russian Baltic Fleet called the Irtysh, which had been damaged in the Battle of Tsushima and stalled at sea, surrendered in Waki district, Tsuno village, Naka County (present-day Waki town, Gotsu City), Shimane Prefecture at about 2:00 pm on May 28, 1905.
- 7世紀になり、ヤマト王権が大陸の政治システムの影響を受けるようになると大型の方墳、円墳へと変化し、さらに7世紀中頃から8世紀初頭まで天皇陵には八角墳が採用されるようになる(舒明陵の段ノ塚古墳、天智陵の御廟野古墳、天武・持統合葬陵の野口王墓、文武陵の中尾山古墳)。
- In the 7th century, when the Yamato kingdom came under the influence of the political system of the Chinese continent, emperors' tumuli came to be built in a large rectangular or round shape, and from the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, in an octagonal shape (e.g. Dannozuka Tumulus of Emperor Jomei, Gobyono Tumulus of Emperor Tenchi, Noguchino Imperial Tumulus of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jito, and Nakaoyama Tumulus of Emperor Monmu).
- また、白河天皇は退位後の寛治4年(1090年)頃に旧の覚円の僧房を御所(白河泉殿)とし、続いて永久 (日本)3年(1115年)に白河泉殿を改築して白河南殿を造営、更に元永元年(1118年)にはその隣接地に白河北殿を新造して2つの御所を行き来しながら院政を行った。
- Emperor Shirakawa started to use Kakuen's once-used living quarters as his Gosho (Imperial Palace) (Shirakawa Izumi-dono) around 1090 after his retirement, then in 1115, erected the Shirakawa Minami-dono (South Imperial Palace) rebuilding the Shirakawa Izumi-dono, further in 1118, at the adjoining site, erected the Shirakawa Kita-dono (North Imperial Palace), and conducted the Insei (rule by the Retired Emperor) shuttling between the two Palaces.
- 小判の鋳造は当初、家康の領国貨幣時代は江戸から始まったが、慶長6年(1601年)頃から京都、慶長12年(1607年)から元和 (日本)2年(1616年)頃までは駿河国、さらに、元和7年(1621年)から当時最大の産金を誇った、佐渡国にも金座が設立され鋳造された。
- Casting of Koban started in Edo during the time of Ieyasu's territory currency, then kin-za (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of gold during the Edo period) was built in Kyoto around 1601, in Suruga Province between 1607 and 1616 and in Sado Province, which boasted the largest amount of gold mining.
- 江戸時代では、『卜養狂歌集』に「その頃世にはやる唐人歌とて、のんせんふらんらん露の情なやといふ事を歌ひける」(『松の落葉』には大津追分絵踊に「浮世のんせんふんらんらん」とある)、『毛吹草』に「小歌の中の句に、ふうらいふらいふる妻いとし軒の雪、此句唐人歌歟」とある。
- In the Edo period, 'Bokuyo Kyokashu' (Bokuyo Collection of Comic Tanka) described a song as 'a popular tojinuta singing about のんせんふらんらん露の情なや' (in 'Matsu no ochiba' [a book on Shinto, the history and the language by Takanao FUJII], '浮世のんせんふんらんらん' was compiled as the song for Otsu Oiwake-e odori dance), and also 'Kefukigusa' (a book for haikai including manners and selection of works) described a song as 'a kouta song has a line, ふうらいふらいふる妻いとし軒の雪, from tojinuta.'
- 全40巻で、南北朝時代 (日本)を舞台に、後醍醐天皇の即位から、鎌倉幕府の滅亡、建武の新政とその崩壊後の南北朝分裂、観応の擾乱、2代将軍足利義詮の死去と細川頼之の管領就任まで(1318年 (文保2年) - 1368年(貞治6年)頃までの約50年間)を書く軍記物語。
- It is a war chronicle in 40 volumes that describes the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) from 1318 through 1368 (for about 50 years), starting from Emperor Godaigo's ascension to the throne and continuing through the fall of the Kamakura shogunate, the Kemmu Restoration and the split into northern and southern courts that followed its collapse; the Kanno disturbance, and the death of the second shogun, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, and ending with the assumption of the office of kanrei (deputy shogun) by Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA.
- 12世紀に入ると既存の官物率法に代わって、国衙領の公田のみならず、荘園の年貢に対しても一国平均役・御家人役などの形で公租が賦課されるようになり、これらの賦課による貢納物に対しても官物という言葉が用いられるようになり、南北朝時代 (日本)の頃までこの呼称が用いられた。
- In the twelfth century, in place of the previous Kanmotsu rippo, public taxes called Ikkoku heikinyaku (taxes and labor uniformly imposed on shoen manors and provincial lands) and Gokeninnyaku (odd-jobs for vassals) were collected from not only Kokuga owned public fields but also Shoen, and the tithes from these taxes were also called Kanmotsu and this term was used until the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 韓国では、過去約100年間のデータから、1930年代後半から1940年代前半にかけて、黄砂の発生頻度が1990年代後半以降と同程度かそれ以上であったこと、1940年代後半から1950年代頃までは減少傾向で、それ以降増加傾向であり、晩秋から早春にかけての発生頻度が増えている。
- In South Korea, the following are found from data available for the last approx. 100 years: The occurrence frequency of kosa in the period from the latter half of 1930s to the first half of 1940s was almost the same level or more than that in the period after the latter half of 1990s, the frequency was in a decreasing trend in around the period from the latter half of 1940s to 1950s, and it has been in an increasing trend thereafter, with the occurrence of kosa increasing in the season from the late autumn to the early spring.
- 幕府は17世紀末の元禄年間以降、貨幣の中に含まれる金を減らし、貨幣の発行量を多くすることによって貨幣発行益を上げて財政を持ち直そうとしたが、いずれも過度のインフレーションを招き失敗に終わっている(徳川綱吉の元禄小判、徳川吉宗の元文小判、徳川家斉の頃の南鐐二朱銀の発行など)。
- Since the Genroku era at the end of the 17th century the shogunate government had tried to restore their finances by the issue of coins with low content of gold and silver and the further issue of currency so as to get profits from the issue of coinage, but every case caused hyper-inflation and resulted in failure (the issue of the genroku gold coin [genroku koban] by Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, Genbun gold coin [genbun koban] by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, Nanryo silver coin (nanryo nishu gin) around the era of Ienari TOKUGAWA, and so on).
- 「つわもの」の語源は明らかではないが、竹内理三は、大槻文彦が『大言海』の中で「鍔物(つみはもの)の略にて、兵器、特に鍔(つば)あれば云うとぞ」と書かれていることを紹介しながら、9世紀頃までは武器を指した言葉であることは間違いがなく、10世紀頃から「武者」と同義になるとする。
- The origin of the word 'tsuwamono' is uncertain, but Rizo TAKEUCHI referred to it as 'the abbreviation of tsuwamono (guard) or a weapon mentioned especially when there is a tsuba (sword guard)' in 'Daigenkai' (literally, great sea of words, a Japanese dictionary) by Fumihiko OTSUKI, and applied to weapons until the ninth century without a doubt and became a synonym for 'busha' from the tenth century.
- この年代は信頼が置けないが、この頃の書紀の記述は丁度干支二巡分(120年)年代が繰り上げられているとされており、訂正すると372年となって制作年の太和四年(369年)と符合することから、朝鮮の史書『三国史記』には記述がないものの、書紀の記述はこの剣を指していると考えられる。
- This date is not reliable, but the date in Nihonshoki around this period is said to have moved up 120 years, and if it is corrected, the year becomes 372, which corresponds to the year of creation (369), therefore it is considered that the description in Nihonshoki refers to this sword, though there is no description in 'Samguk Sagi,' a history book of Korea.
- しかし、『今鏡』では「幼くより類なく見とり奉らせ給ひて、ただ四の宮をとか思ほせりけるにや侍りけむ(幼い頃よりこの上なく素晴らしい方と思って、后にするならどうしても四の宮(篤子内親王)をとお思いになられたようだ)」とあり、堀河天皇自身がこれを強く望んでの入内であったとしている。
- However, 'Imakagami' (The Mirror of the Present) describes 'Having thought she was a wonderful woman since childhood, he seemed to want the fourth imperial princess (Imperial Princess Tokushi) as his empress by all means,' purporting that her entry into court was strongly desired by Emperor Horikawa.
- 同じ6月1日の夕、光秀は1万3000の手勢を率いて丹波亀山城を出陣し京に向かった(光秀は亀山城 (丹波国)には事件前にも後にも死ぬまで立ち寄っておらず、坂本城より3000の兵で本能寺に向かい、到着したのは本能寺が焼け落ちた午前7時半より数時間後の9時頃だったとする説もある)。
- On the same day, June 1 in the evening, Mitsuhide departed the Tanba Kameyama-jo Castle to Kyoto at the head of an army of 13,000 (There is another view that Mitsuhide did not visit Kameyama-jo Castle (Tanba Province) before or after the event and he moved toward Honno-ji Temple from Sakamoto-jo Castle at the head of 3,000 troops and arrived around nine o'clock, that is several hours after seven thirty A.M. when the Honno-ji Temple burnt down.)
- 江戸時代初期は依然として、灰吹金および灰吹銀といった地金に極印を打った秤量貨幣が広く通用しており、幕府はこのような領国貨幣を整理して、慶長金銀に統一するため、各地の有力金銀鉱山を幕府直轄の天領として管理し、寛文8年(1668年)年頃には諸国での金銀吹分け(分離・精錬)を禁止した。
- In the early Edo period, Hyodo kahei (currency valued by weight) such as cupellated gold and silver which had hallmark on metal, was circulated widely, and bakufu banned cupellation of gold and silver (isolation and ore refining) in feudal lord's territories around the country in 1668, controlling major gold and silver mines as tenryo (a shogunal demesne) under the direct control of bakufu to organize territory currency like Hyodo kahei and unify them into Keicho gold and silver.
- しかし、発祥地は二説あり、明治26年に現在の三木市吉川町 (兵庫県)市野瀬の山田篤治朗が発起人となり、現在の西宮市にある蔵元の辰馬悦蔵と交渉し、取引を開始した説と、明治24年から翌明治25年頃に現在の加東市社町上久米集落の住民が現在の神戸市灘区の本嘉納商店と取引を開始した説がある。
- However, there are two theories for its birthplace; one is that in 1894 Atsujiro YAMADA lived in the present Ichinose, Yoshikawa-cho, Miki City, Hyogo Prefecture, as the originator, negotiated with Etsuzo TATSUMA who was Kuramoto presently located in Nishinomiya City and started dealings, and another theory is that from 1891 to 1892 residents lived in Kamikume settlement, Yashiro-cho, Kato City started dealings with Honkano Shoten located presently in Nada Ward, Kobe City.
- 古今和歌集において、紀友則の「み吉野の山べにさける桜花雪かとのみぞあやまたれける」(春歌上)と詠まれているのが桜についての初見ではあるが、この頃はまだ、百人一首にも選出されている、坂上是則の「あさぼらけ有明の月とみるまでに吉野の里にふれる白雪」(冬歌)に代表される雪の歌が優勢であった。
- Cherry blossoms first appeared in KI no Tomonori's poem, 'When I saw Mt. Yoshino covered with cherry blossoms, I thought it must have snowed' (Spring Poems Part 1), in Kokin Wakashu (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), but around that time, snow poems remained more common, such as 'At dawn, when the sky began to lighten a little, I saw sparkling white snow that carpeted the country of Yoshino and I thought the moon might be lingering' (Winter Poems) by SAKANOUE no Korenori, which is selected for One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets.
- それでも明応7年(1498年)頃より京都の住民に対する地子銭徴収が次第に増加していったこと、永正5年(1508年)以後の酒屋役徴収の強化命令が幕府から出されている事から、この時期に京都の人口回復が軌道に乗り出したと考えられ、明応9年の祇園祭の前後数年間が京都の本格的な復興期と考えられている。
- Yet, considering that the sum of jishi sen (miscellaneous taxes imposed on fields and houses under the manorial system) collected from Kyoto residents from around 1498 and the issuance of a Bakufu order for a more strict collection of sakaya yaku (taxes imposed on sake breweries by the Muromachi Bakufu) in 1508, the population of Kyoto presumably began to increase steadily again; the few years before and after the Gion Festival in 1500 are regarded as the phase of the real recovery of the city.
- 特に安政の大獄を断行した大老井伊直弼が桜田門外の変で横死して後、公武合体を望む幕府が征夷大将軍徳川家茂の正室として孝明天皇の妹和宮の降嫁を求めた1861年(文久元年)頃から、薩摩藩・長州藩・土佐藩などの雄藩が中央政界への進出をうかがうようになり、尊王攘夷派がぞくぞくと京都に集まるようになった。
- In the Sakuradamongai Incident (1860), extremists murdered Tairo (a councilor of the Council of Five Elders) Naosuke II who had conducted Ansei no Taigoku (the suppression of extremists by the Shogunate), soon after that, in 1861 the Shogunate offered the lawful marriage of Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') the 14th shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA with Kazunomiya (a younger sister of Emperor Komei) to the Imperial Family for the purpose of gaining the Imperial Court's cooperation; especially since then, statesmen of strong clans including the Satsuma clan, the Choshu clan and the Tosa clan aimed for advance to the political center, and the following of Sonno Joi came to Kyoto one after and another.
- 「....独島、もしくは竹島、リアンクール岩礁として知られる島については、この通常無人の岩礁は、我々の情報によれば朝鮮の一部として扱われたことは一度もなく、1905年頃からは、日本国島根県隠岐島支庁の管轄下にありました。この島に朝鮮によりこれまで領有権の主張がされたとは見られません......
- ....As regards the island of Dokdo, otherwise known as Takeshima or Liancourt Rocks, this normally uninhabited rock formation was according to our information never treated as part of Korea and, since about 1905, has been under the jurisdiction of the Oki Islands Branch Office of Shimane Prefecture of Japan. The island does not appear ever before to have been claimed by Korea......
- だが、実際には同帝の皇子英仁親王(のちの後桃園天皇)が五歳の幼さであった事、桃園天皇治世末期に生じた竹内式部一件(宝暦事件)では、天皇が幼い頃から自分に付き従っていた側近達を擁護して側近達の追放を要請した摂関家との対立関係に陥った事から、英仁親王が即位した場合に同じ事が繰り返される事が憂慮された。
- However when the Takenouchi Shikibu incident (the Horeki Incident) occurred, Emperor Momozono protected his aides who worked for him since his childhood and it caused conflict between members of the family eligible for regents and chancellors who demanded the aides be expelled from their positions, as the Emperor had his Prince Hidehito (later known as Emperor Gomomozono) who was five years old, it was concerned that the same thing might happen to the Prince after his enthronement.
- 光綱の子孫・及川光重は、下総国の結城氏の家臣となって下総に土着、その子孫・及川光房は白河結城氏の家臣となり奥州(福島県)にも所領を得た(喜多方市に「笈川村」という地名あり、あるいはこの頃の及川氏に関係あるやにも思われるが、この地名ができたのは承応年間以後のことでそれ以前は新国(にっくに)といった)。
- Mitsutsuna's offspring Mitsushige OIKAWA became a retainer of the Yuki clan in Shimousa Province and was localized in Shimousa, and Mitsushige's offspring Mitsufusa OIKAWA became a retainer of the Shirakawa Yuki clan and obtained territory in Oshu (Fukushima Prefecture) (there is the place name 'Oikawa village' in Kitakata City, which may suggest that there was a relationship with the Oikawa clan in those days, but the birth of the place name was after the Shoo era and previously it was called Nikkuni).
- 日本の達成が難しいと囁かれ始めた 2007年頃になって、京都議定書自体が欧米諸国による政治的な圧力であるという陰謀論(そもそも根拠が示されていない、既に支持を失った議論を蒸し返しているなどの理由により懐疑論にもなり得ていないもの)が、一部評論筋や個人の論評などで、にわかに唱えられはじめるようになった。
- Around 2007 when it was whispered that it seemed unlikely for Japan to achieve the goal, some critics or individuals began to claim a conspiracy theory that Kyoto Protocol itself was a political pressure from Western countries (it is a groundless theory and is far from even being skepticism because it is based on the issue which was once discussed and consequently lost its supporters).
- 実際に効力を持っていたと考えられている「儀式」としては、弘仁11年(820年)に嵯峨天皇に完成が上奏された「内裏式」とほぼ相前後して編纂された「内裏儀式」(前後関係については不明)があり、続いて貞観 (日本)年間に編纂された「貞観儀式」(「“儀式”」)、村上天皇の頃に作成された「新儀式」が知られている。
- As 'Gishiki' which might have been virtually effective, 'Dairi Gishiki' which was compiled almost simultaneously with 'Dairi shiki,' the completion of which was reported to Emperor Saga in 820 (it was unknown which of them was completed first), then 'Jogan Gishiki' ('Gishiki') which was compiled in the Jogan era, and 'Shingishiki' which was made during the tenure of Emperor Murakami, were known.
- このため、日本の大名、商人らが朝鮮に通交する者が急増したが、彼らの中には交易に不都合があると倭寇に変貌するような者もいたので、朝鮮政府は1407年頃国防上の見地から興利倭船の入港地を慶尚左道都万戸所在地の東莱県富山浦(現在の釜山広域市)と慶尚右道都万戸所在地の金海府乃而浦(現在の慶尚南道鎮海市)に限定した。
- Therefore, the number of Japanese daimyo (feudal lord) and merchants trading with Korea rapidly increased, but because some of them turned into wako (Japanese pirates) once they found unfavorable terms of trade, the Korean government eventually restricted the port of entry for koriwasen (ship for trading with Korea) only to Busanpo, Tongne Prefecture (present Busan Metropolitan City), the location where Local naval officer of Gyeongsang left-sided Prefecture was, and, Naijiho, Jinhae Prefecture (present, Jinhae City, Gyeongsang-namdo Prefecture), the location where Local naval officer of Gyeongsang right-sided Prefecture was, around 1407.
- 宮内庁は同陵を大阪府茨木市太田三丁目の太田茶臼山古墳(前方後円墳・全長226m)に比定しているが、築造時期は5世紀の中頃とみられており、近年、同府高槻市郡家新町の今城塚古墳(前方後円墳・全長190m)から兵馬俑の如き埴輪群が発見され、6世紀前半の築造と考えられる同古墳を真の継体天皇陵とするのが定説になっている。
- Although the Imperial Household Agency identifies the Ota Chausuyama Tumulus (large keyhole-shaped tomb mound, 226-meter-long) in 3 Ota, Ibaraki City, Osaka Prefecture as Emperor Keitai's mausoleum, its construction is presumed to date back to about the mid-fifth century, so the accepted notion of today is that his true mausoleum is Imashirozuka Tumulus (large keyhole-shaped tomb mound, 190-meter-long) in Gunge Shinmachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture which is estimated to have been built in early sixth century because of the cluster of Haniwa (a clay figure artifact) like the lifelike images of soldiers and horses in the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, were discovered there.
- 後に「武士」として登場する、関東の開発領主達の11世紀末までの状況がどうだったかといえば、当時はその所領支配は、郡司、郷司などの公的な職の体系を媒介として、開墾を行い、村落を形成することを課題としはじめた頃であり、領地支配、あるいはその拡大において、隣接する開発領主との抗争が日常化するほどの飽和点にはまだ至ってはいない。
- The situation of kaihatsu-ryoshu in the Kanto region that later appeared as 'bushi' in the late eleventh century used soryo ruling through gunji, goji, and other public duties to start cultivating and forming villages and was not up to a saturated level to quarrel constantly with neighboring kaihatsu-ryoshu over the ruling and expansion of manors.
- だが、1883年頃から政府の圧力が強まり、加えて自由党の板垣退助の洋行問題を巡る疑惑追及を行うと、逆に自由党側からも前島や尾崎・犬養と関係が強く同党の機関紙となっていた郵便報知新聞などが政府の資金を受けているとの疑惑が出されて 岩崎弥太郎を海坊主になぞらえた「海坊主退治」キャンペーンが繰り広げられたことから、泥仕合となった。
- Around 1883, as the pressure from the government increased, the party looked into the alleged problems of the Liberal party concerning Taisuke ITAGAKI's going abroad, but instead encountered a backlash from the Liberal party to fling mud at each other, with a scandal that insisted Yubin Hochi Shinbun newspaper, the party's official publication, having a strong relationship with Maejima, Ozaki and Inukai, was financed by the government, through a campaign of to denounce 'monstrous' Yataro IWASAKI.
- ただし、草稿は存在してある程度写本などの形で所有されていたらしく、一条天皇の時代の寛弘7年(1010年)頃に天皇や藤原道長が新国史の編纂再開を検討したものの天皇崩御によって実現しなかったとされること(『権記』同年8月8日条・『御堂関白記』同8月29日条など)、藤原通憲作成の図書目録などによると40巻本と50巻本があることが分かる。
- However, it seems that a draft did exist and was owned to some extent in various manuscript forms, and it is known that around 1010, during the reign of Emperor Ichijo, the emperor and FUJIWARA no Michinaga appear to have considered the resumption of compiling the Shinkokushi, although this was never realized due to the emperor's death (entries in 'Gonki' (FUJIWARA no Yukinari's diary) on eighth month eighth day in the same year, and in the 'Mido Kanpaku ki' on fourth month twenty-ninth day in the same year),and that, according to a catalogue made by FUJIWARA no Michinori, there existed versions both in 40 and 50 parts.
- なお、了悟による源氏物語の注釈書「光源氏物語本事」において、ころに成立した更級日記の逸文と伝えられるものの中に、作者である菅原孝標女が頃に『源氏物語』を読んだ際、「ひかる源氏の物がたり五十四帖に譜ぐして」(「譜」と呼ばれるものを手元に置いて(読んだ))とする記述があり、この「譜」が何であるのかを諸家に尋ねて回った記録が残されている。
- According to 'Hikaru Genji monogatari honji,' a commentary on The Tale of Genji written by Ryogo, in some of the legendary surviving fragment of Sarashina Nikki (The Sarashina Diary), which was completed around 1060, SUGAWARA no Takasue's daughter, the author of the diary, wrote around 1020 that 'I read 54 chapters of The Tale of Genji keeping a book called '譜' at hand,' and there is a record which says that she visited around various scholars to know what the '譜' was.
- これに対して後嵯峨天皇の頃から実際の人事権者である治天の君の人事決定を迅速に人事担当者に伝える必要性から、治天の君(天皇親政の場合は天皇)の命令を受けた職事蔵人が、口宣を上卿に渡す前にあらかじめ下書きを名目としてもう1通案文を口宣と全く同じ様に作成して、この案文に口宣を出した治天の君の院宣(あるいは天皇の綸旨)を添えて実務担当者に渡した。
- But from the tenure of Emperor Gosaga, in order to meet the requirement of conveying personnel change made by the Chiten no kimi -- who had the virtual right of personnel management -- to the official responsible for personnel matters as soon as possible, the shikiji kurodo who received the order issued by the Chiten no kimi (or the Emperor if under the personal rule of the Emperor) drew up a copy of the draft proposal of kuzen on the pretext of making an incomplete version of the kuzen and handed the copy of the draft proposal with inzen (document transcribed a retired emperor's order) of the Chiten no kimi who issued the kuzen (or a document transcribed of the Emperor's order) to the working-level officials, before submitting the kuzen to the shokei.
- これは一説には江戸時代の中頃から「三大仇討ち」として喧伝されてきた「曾我兄弟の仇討ち」(曾我兄弟は富士山の裾野市で巻狩りが行なわれた際にこれに乗じて仇討ちを行なった)、「赤穂浪士の討ち入り」(播磨国赤穂藩浅野家の家紋が「丸に違い鷹の羽」だったことから)、「伊賀越えの仇討ち」(伊賀国はなすびの産地として知られていたことから)のことを言ったものである。
- According to one theory, this expression referred to the Adauchi cases that were widely known from the middle of the Edo period as the 'Three Major Adauchi Cases': 'Adauchi by the Soga brothers' (the Soga brothers performed Adauchi by taking advantage of the makigari (a form of hunting by surrounding the target from various directions) which took place in Susono City at the foot of Mount Fuji); 'Ako Roshi no Uchiiri' (since the seal of the Asano family of the Ako clan, in Harima Province, was a 'hawk's feather without a circle'); and 'Igagoe no Adauchi' (since Iga Province was known as an area for the production of eggplant).
- その理由は、「仲哀天皇がいまだ崩御していないという建前をとったためその代理だから」という意味か、または「特に理由はなく、称制も広義の摂政の中の一種という建前でただ慣習的に称制という言葉が使われなかっただけ」というわけなのか、あるいは「応神天皇は胎中天皇と称されたように胎児の頃からすでに正式な天皇であってその代理」という主旨なのか、いずれにしてもよくわからない。
- The reason for above is unknown, although there are some possibilities of the following, 'since Emperor Chuai's death was not announced officially after he died, and it was temporary measure,' or 'there was no particular reason, the word Shosei was being used as a custom, since it also meant Regent after all,' or 'Shosei meant temporarily government since Emperor Ojin was officially considered as proper Emperor and he was called Emperor Taichu (Taichu means inside mother's womb).'
- この頃になると、算博士の世襲化が進み算道によって奉試に合格するとともに、譜第の家系であることが算博士就任の要件とされるようになり、当初は家原氏・大蔵氏が平安時代前期には世襲化も兆候を見せるものの長続きせず、両氏の没落後は小槻氏・三善氏の両氏が世襲するようになり、自己の算道を家学・秘伝化し、また有能な門人を養子として家名を継承させることで他氏を排除するようになった。
- Around this time, the heredity of San hakase grew in importance, and being part of a hereditary family joined passing Hoshi as a requirement for assuming the role of San hakase; initially, in the early Heian period, the Iehara and Okura clans began to make it into the heredity, but this did not last; then, after the ruin of the preceding clans, the Ozuki and Miyoshi clans began to utilize heredity, made their own Sando into hereditary learning and secret teachings, and excluded other clans by adopting capable disciples to inherit the family name.
- また、「雲居の雁」、「落葉の宮」、「朧月夜 (源氏物語)」、「軒端荻」、「浮舟 (源氏物語)」、「柏木 (源氏物語)」、「玉鬘 (源氏物語)(夕顔尚侍)」、「夕霧 (源氏物語)」、「秋好中宮」、「髭黒」、「葵の上」といった登場人物の呼称中で本文中に現れず、『源氏物語』が読まれる中で使われるようになってきた名前がいつ頃から使われるようになったのかを知る手がかりにもなる。
- It also gives us a hint as to when the following names came to be used such as 'Kumoi no Kari,' 'Ochiba no Miya,' 'Oborozukiyo,' 'Nokiba no Ogi,' 'Ukifune (The Tale of Genji),' 'Kashiwagi (The Tale of Genji),' 'Tamakazura (Naishi no Kami - Principal Handmaid) (The Tale of Genji),' 'Yugiri (The Tale of Genji),' 'Empress Akikonomu,' 'Kurohige,' 'Aoi no ue,' and so on, that do not appear in the text but were generated while people were reading 'The Tale of Genji.'
- この頃は天皇の権威の低下が著しく、室町幕府三代将軍足利義満は、自分の子足利義嗣を皇位継承者とする皇位簒奪計画を持ったと言われるが、義満の死後、朝廷が義満に太上(だいじょう)天皇の尊号を贈ろうとした際には、室町幕府四代将軍足利義持がこれを固辞している(義満が自分より義嗣をかわいがっていたため、父を快く思わなかったためといわれている)ので、その真相については未だ定かではない。
- Around this period, the Emperor's loss of power was remarkable, and the 3rd Shogun of Muromachi Bakufu, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, is said have planned to take over the Imperial throne by making his son, Yoshitsugu ASHIKAGA, heir, but since the death of Yoshimitsu, when the Imperial Court tried to give the honorable title Daijo Tenno to Yoshimitsu, the 4th Shogun of Muromachi Bakufu, Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, strongly refused to accept this (it is said that it was because he didn't like his father since Yoshimitsu cared more about Yoshitsugu than himself), the truth is not yet certain.
- 光秀がいつ頃から謀反を決意していたかは明らかではないが、亀山城出陣を前にして、愛宕権現での連歌の会で光秀が詠んだ発句、「時は今 天が下知る 五月哉」は、「時(とき)」は源氏の流れをくむ土岐氏の一族である光秀自身を示し、「天が下知る」は、「天(あめ)が下(した)治る(しる)」、すなわち天下を治めることを暗示していると解し、この時点で謀反の決意を固めていたのだとする説もある。
- Although it is not clear since when Mitsuhide made his mind to rebel, there is a view that he made his mind to rebel at the time of the party for renga (linked-verse) in the Atago-gongen Shrine before going to battle from the Kameyama-jo Castle by understanding the first line made by Mitsuhide, 'Tokihaima amegashitashiru satsukikana' (The time is now in May which everybody knows), as 'toki' means Mitsuhide himself, who belonged to the Toki clan which descended from the Minamoto clan and 'amegashitashiru' as 'to govern the area under the heaven,' namely governing the whole country.
- 一方、本能寺から200mの近辺に教会のあったルイス・フロイスの『日本史』(Historia de Iapan)では、「(午前3時頃と言われる)明智の(少数の)兵たちは怪しまれること無く難なく寺に侵入して(6月2日に御所前で馬揃えをする予定であったのを織田の門番たちは知っていたので油断したと思われる)、信長が便所から出て手と顔を清めていたところを背後から弓矢を放って背中に命中させた。
- According to 'Historia de Iapan' by Luis Frois whose church was only 200 meter away from the Honno-ji Temple, '(Around three o'clock in the morning), (a small number of) warriors of the Akechi clan invaded the temple without being suspected (It seems that Oda's gatekeepers lost their sharpness because they knew that umazoroe (a troop review) in front of the Imperial Palace was planned for the next day.), and shot Nobunaga, who came out from the toilet and was washing his hands and face, in the back using bows and arrows.
- なお、『日本書紀』に引く「百済本記」(「百濟本記爲文 其文云 大歳辛亥三月 軍進至于安羅 營乞乇城 是月 高麗弑其王安 又聞 日本天皇及太子皇子 倶崩薨 由此而言 辛亥之歳 當廿五年矣」)によれば、531年頃に天皇と太子・皇子が共に薨去したという所伝があるといい、継体天皇の死後、安閑天皇・宣化天皇の朝廷と欽明天皇の朝廷が並立していたとか、2朝間に内乱があったと見る説もある(「辛亥の変」説)。
- According to the 'Kudarahonki' (Original records of Paekche) quoted by 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), a legend has it that Emperor Keitai and Prince died together around 531, and another theory has it that after the death of Emperor Keitai, two Imperial Courts existed at the same time, one was reigned by Emperor Ankan and Emperor Senka, the other was reigned by Emperor Kinmei, and they had a domestic conflict ('Shingai Coup' theory).
- 元来、半済とは「年貢の半分を納付する」という意味より百姓の年貢の半分を免除することを意味していたが、南北朝時代 (日本)頃から、守護が軍費・兵糧を現地調達するために、荘園・公領の年貢の半分を軍勢に預け置くことが、半済として行われ始め、1352年に最初の半済令が幕府から出された(なお、南北朝・室町時代においても年貢の半分免除の意味で「半済」という言葉が用いられる場合も存在しており注意を要する)。
- 'Hanzei' originally meant 'paying half of the tax' and thus meant, at that time, absolving peasants of half of their customs or taxes; however, in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, 'Hanzei' was used to mean that half of the customs or taxes on the manors and lands under the control of the feudal government were submitted to the troops in order for provincial constables to cover military expenditure and provisions locally, and the first hanzei law was enforced by the feudal government in 1352 (Note that 'Hanzei' was also used to mean absolving peasants of half of their customs or taxes in the Northern and Southern Courts period and the Muromachi period).
- 実際の柳生氏の事項が明らかになるのは、南北朝時代 (日本)の柳生永珍(別名:宗珍、大膳亮柳生永家の子とされる)の頃からで、柳生家の家譜である『玉栄拾遺』によると、元弘3年(1331年)に、南朝 (日本)として、六波羅探題の北条仲時・北条時益の軍勢と戦った永珍は戦功によって、後醍醐天皇から賜った大和国小楊生(大楊生とも)庄の領主となり、柳生氏と名乗った事から始まるとされる(ただし、『玉栄拾遺』の記述自体も伝承の域を出ないという)。
- The first record that mentions the Yagyu clan is about Nagayoshi YAGYU (Muneyoshi YAGYU) who was believed to be a child of Daizen no suke (person who was in charge of meals in the Imperial Court) Nagaie YAGYU in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan); and according to a genealogy of the Yagyu clan 'Gyokuei Shui,' Nagayoshi supported the Southern Court and fought against the forces of Nagatoki HOJO and Tokimasu HOJO who had their base at Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto), and for the achievement in the battles, Emperor Godaigo gave him the possession and status of the lord of Koyagyusho district (or Oyagyusho district) in Yamato Province, ever since then, he called himself the Yagyu clan; however, it is said that the articles in 'Gyokuei Shui' are nothing but folklore.