霜: 386 Terms and Phrases
- 霜
- frost
- Shimo
- Shimozaki
- Sou
- hoarfrost
- rime
- 霜田
- Shimota
- Shimoda
- Tsuyuda
- 霜穴
- frost hollow
- frost pocket
- 霜柱
- frost columns
- ice needles
- frost pillars
- ice column
- ice filament
- ice pillar
- needle ice
- 風霜
- wind and frost
- hardships
- 水霜
- frozen dew (at the end of autumn)
- amniotic fluid
- 初霜
- first frost of the year
- 秋霜
- autumn frost
- fall frost
- Akishimo
- 霜降
- speckled with white
- salt and pepper (colour, color)
- created by intertwining white and coloured fibres
- marbling
- blanching by exposure to boiling and then icy water
- 'frost descent' solar term (approx. Oct. 23)
- Shimofuri
- Shuangjiang (solar term)
- 霜月
- eleventh month of the lunar calendar
- Aki
- Shimotsuki
- Shimodzuki
- Sougetsu
- 霜越
- Shimoetsu
- Shimokoe
- Shimokoshi
- Shimogoe
- Shimogoshi
- 貴霜
- Kushan (dynasty of India, approx. 60-375 CE)
- Kisou
- 幾星霜
- many months and years
- 防霜林
- frost prevention forest
- 霜除け
- covering which protects against frost
- 別れ霜
- late frost
- frost in late spring
- 忘れ霜
- late frost
- frost in late spring
- 貴霜朝
- Kushan dynasty (of India, approx. 60-375 CE)
- 霜よけ
- covering which protects against frost
- frost protection
- 霜降り
- speckled with white
- salt and pepper (colour, color)
- created by intertwining white and coloured fibres
- marbling
- blanching by exposure to boiling and then icy water
- 霜枯れ
- nipped by frost
- bleak
- 霜囲い
- covering which protects against frost
- 耐霜性
- frost hardiness
- frost resistance
- 霜鳥典雄
- Shimotori Norio (h) (1978.3.18-)
- 皮霜作り
- Kawashimo-zukuri (to prepare sashimi with skin)
- 霜点温度
- frost point temperature
- 霜で覆う
- frost
- cover with frost
- 無霜期間
- frostless period
- non-frost duration
- frostless duration
- 霜降り月
- eleventh lunar month
- 霜枯れ時
- winter (season)
- slack or off season
- 霜枯れる
- to be withered or nipped by frost
- 霜月騒動
- The Shimotsuki Incident
- 大霜降枝尺
- peppered moth (Biston betularia)
- 霜降り作り
- fish, chicken, shellfish, etc. blanched by exposure to boiling and then icy water
- 霜を置いた
- gray
- grey
- frosted
- hoary
- 霜点湿度計
- frost-point hygrometer
- 霜(風による)
- wind frost
- wind-borne freeze
- 霜(輻射による)
- outgoing radiation type of forst
- outgoing radiation type of freeze
- radiation frost
- 霜で花が傷んだ。
- Frost touched the flowers.
- 早霜 (駆逐艦)
- Japanese destroyer Hayashimo
- 霜月 (駆逐艦)
- Japanese destroyer Shimotsuki
- 朝霜 (駆逐艦)
- Japanese destroyer Asashimo
- 霜のつかない電球
- unfrosted light bulbs
- 秋霜 (駆逐艦)
- Japanese destroyer Akishimo
- 清霜 (駆逐艦)
- Japanese destroyer Kiyoshimo
- 霜に覆われている
- covered with frost
- 霜島ケイの小説。
- A novel by Kei SHIMOJIMA
- 夕べ霜が降りた。
- It frosted last night.
- 代表的な霜月神楽
- Typical Shimotsuki kagura
- 霜が花をいためた。
- Frost touched the flower.
- 秋の霜が七月を斬る。
- Autumn frosts have slain July.
- 草に霜が降りている。
- There is frost on the grass.
- 霜でおおわれたグラス
- a frosty glass
- 霜や冬の天気の擬人化
- a personification of frost or winter weather
- 霜月騒動後の鎌倉幕府
- Kamakura bakufu after the Shimotsuki incident
- 『封殺鬼』(霜島ケイ)
- 'Fusatsuki (Fusatsu ogre)' (Kei SHIMOJIMA)
- 'Fusatsuki' (Kei SHIMOJIMA)
- 霜で花はみんな枯れた。
- The frost killed all the flowers.
- 初霜 (初春型駆逐艦)
- Japanese destroyer Hatsushimo
- 霜は露が凍ったものだ。
- Frost is frozen dew.
- 霜月騒動(1285年)
- 1285: The Shimotsuki Disturbance occurs.
- これを霜月騒動という。
- This clash is called the Shimotsuki Incident.
- 寒い日(霜が降りる日)
- cold/frost days
- 霜によって明示される寒さ
- coldness as evidenced by frost
- 遠山郷霜月まつりを参照。
- See Toyamago Shimotsuki matsuri (November festival in Toyama-go Village).
- 天龍村の霜月神楽を参照。
- See Tenryumura no Shimotsuki kagura (Tenryu-mura Village Shimotsuki kagura).
- 霜はまだ溶け始めていない。
- The frost has not begun to thaw yet.
- 今朝は霜がたくさん降りた。
- We had a heavy frost this morning.
- その後に霜が降りました。
- and after the snow came the frost.
- 祖国よ、汝はいと星霜重ねり
- Nunarput utoqqarsuanngoravit
- 堅いが、季節にふさわしい霜
- a hard but seasonable frost
- 車の窓の霜を取り除きなさい
- Defrost the car window
- 御火焚や霜うつくしき京の町
- Bonfires burning/the frost is beautiful/Kyoto town
- 保呂羽山の霜月神楽を参照。
- See Horowasan no Shimotsuki kagura (Mt. Horowa Shimotsuki kagura).
- 今朝地面は霜で覆われていた。
- The ground was covered with frost this morning.
- その植物は霜で被害を受けた。
- The plants were damaged by the frost.
- 表面に霜や氷が形成されること
- the formation of frost or ice on a surface
- 霜月神楽、花祭りとも言われる。
- It is also known as Shimotsuki-kagura (kagura played in November) or Hanamatsuri (flower festival).
- 及び、九峯道虔などの石霜門下。
- It also includes disciples of Sekisho such as 九峯道虔.
- 喜んだのは雪と霜だけでした。
- The only people who were pleased were the Snow and the Frost.
- 霜が作物に大きな損害を与えた。
- The frost did much harm to the crops.
- その植物は遅霜で被害を受けた。
- The plants were damaged by the late frost.
- リンゴの花は霜でいたんでいた。
- The apple-blossom was touched by the frost.
- 日本の牛は広範囲に霜降りがある。
- In Japan beef has a high degree of marbled fat.
- 冬の朝には車の窓に霜が沢山つく。
- Car windows accumulate frost on winter mornings.
- 早咲きの花はみんな霜にやられた。
- All the early flowers were bitten by the frost.
- 以下は代表的な霜月神楽を掲げる。
- The following are typical Shimotsuki kagura.
- 10月23日 - 霜降(そうこう)
- October 23, Soko (lit. frosting)
- 霜は農作物に悪影響を及ぼしました。
- The frost had a bad effect on the crops.
- さわやかで晴れたよると霜の降りた朝
- crisp clear nights and frosty mornings
- 霜と洪水は、これらの月にまれである
- frost and floods are uncommon during these months
- 佐々木霜吉一等卒が帰路を発見した。
- Private First Shimokichi SASAKI found the way to return.
- (地面について)霜によって固くなった
- (of the ground) made hard by frost
- 法名:傳正院殿前霜台功山道忠大居士。
- Posthumous Buddhist name: '傳正院殿前霜台功山道忠大居士'
- その霜でオレンジの収穫がだめになった。
- The frost rendered the orange crop worthless.
- 遠山郷霜月まつり(1979年2月3日)
- Toyamago Shimotsuki-matsuri Festival (November Festival) (February 3, 1979)
- ジャック・フロスト(霜の妖精)の名刺だ。
- That was Jack Frost's card.
- (植物について)霜からの保護を必要とする
- (of plants) requiring protection from frost
- 1285年(弘安8年) 霜月騒動後に罷免
- In 1285, he was dismissed after the November Incident.
- 徳山宣鑑、石霜慶諸、洞山良价、夾山善会など
- It includes Senkan TOKUSAN, Keisho SEKISHO, Ryokai TOZAN and Zenne KASSAN.
- 寒い、霜枯れた、噛みつくような日であった。
- It was cold, bleak, biting weather:
- 同じ霜降り肉でも、尾の身より歯ごたえがある。
- Although being marbling as Onomi, this meat is more tough to chew.
- 11~3月:花祭り (霜月神楽)(東栄町、他)
- November through March: Flower Festival (Shimotsuki Kagura) (Toei cho and others)
- 肉も表面が変化し霜降りになる程度に湯通しする。
- Similarly, blanch the pork to the extent that its surface becomes marbled.
- 霜が早く降りたために作物はひどい災害を受けた。
- The crop suffered serious damage as a consequence of the early frost.
- 弘安8年(1285年)11月、霜月騒動で死亡。
- He was killed in the Shimotsuki Disturbance (internal strife among Kamakura shogunate retainers) in November 1285.
- 松阪牛に比べて肉の繊維や霜降りのきめが細かい。
- Omi beef has more fine-textured meat fiber and marbling than Matsuzaka beef.
- 霜月騒動で失脚した御家人たちも徐々に復帰した。
- The retainers who fell from power at the Shimotsuki Incident were gradually brought back.
- 弘安8年(1285年)11月の霜月騒動で死亡。
- In December, 1285, he died at the Shimotsuki Incident (political change of Kamakura Bakufu).
- 兄の泰盛が霜月騒動で滅ぶ5ヶ月前のことである。
- It was five months before his older brother Yasumori died down due to the Shimotsuki Sodo (political change of Kamakura Bakufu).
- 天正五丁丑八月廿四日柱立、同霜月三日屋上葺合候。
- A ceremony celebrating the raising of the ridge beam was held on October 15, 1577, and roof was thatched on December 22 in the same year.
- 安達氏の一族で、父は霜月騒動で討たれた安達宗顕。
- He was a member of the Adachi family and his father was Muneaki ADACHI, who was killed in the Shimotsuki incident (the political coup against the Kamakura bakufu).
- ラーセンの霜で黒くなっている唇が皮肉っぽく曲がった
- Larsen's frost-blackened lips curved cynically
- 心あてに折らばや折らむ初霜のおきまどはせる白菊の花
- Shall I break a branch off as it pleases me?; the white chrysanthemums of the first frost fool me when I put out my hand.
- 生け垣に霜が降りて固くなっていた−Wm.フォークナー
- hedgerows were rimed and stiff with frost-Wm.Faulkner
- 新鮮な果物として売り物にならない霜枯れしているブドウ
- frostbitten grapes unsalable as fresh fruit
- (ガラスについて)霜に似ている粗いコーティングを持つ
- (of glass) having a roughened coating resembling frost
- その日には、寒さも霜もない。 (ゼカリヤ書 14:6)
- It will happen in that day, that there will not be light, cold, or frost. (Zechariah 14:6)
- 弾正忠に任官され、弾正忠の唐名である「霜台」を称する。
- Appointed 'Danjo no Chu' (an officer in the Danjodai or Board of Censors), he called himself 'Sotai,' the Chinese equivalent of 'danjo no chu.'
- 天龍村の霜月神楽(1978年5月22日 下伊那郡天龍村)
- Tenryu village's Shimotsuki kagura dance (May 22, 1978; Tenryu-mura, Shimoina-gun)
- この霜月騒動と呼ばれる内乱の結果、平頼綱が実権を握った。
- This disturbance called the Shimotsuki Incident resulted in TAIRA no Yoritsuna's assumption of control.
- - 尾びれの付け根の霜降り肉で、現在は最高級部位とされる。
- - It is marbled meat at base of tail fin, and is considered the highest class portion today.
- 快晴の、一月のある日のことで、足元は霜がとけてぬれていた。
- It was a fine, clear, January day, wet under foot where the frost had melted, but cloudless overhead;
- 氷の結晶が最初の霜のときに形成されるのでこのように言われる
- so-called because ice crystals form on it during first frosts
- 霜のついていない状態、凍っていない状態にする、あるいはなる
- make or become free of frost or ice
- 恩を受けながら霜月騒動で泰盛方として戦う事のなかった季長。
- Suenaga did not fight for Yasumori at the Shimotsuki Incident although he was indebted to him.
- 豚トロ、Pトロ(ピートロ):豚の頬から肩にかけての霜降りの肉
- Tontoro or pitoro (P toro): marbled pork spanning from the cheek to the shoulder
- 外には厳しい霜がおり、窓は厚い氷のクリスタルで覆われていた。
- for a sharp frost had set in, and the windows were thick with the ice crystals.
- 寒さや霜(しも)がまるで剣のようによだかを刺(さ)しました。
- The cold and frost pierced him like a sword.
- 頼綱は霜月騒動の7年後、平禅門の乱で貞時によって滅ぼされた。
- Seven years after the Shimotsuki Incident Yoritsuna was killed by Sadatoki at the Heizeimon Incident.
- 異名として「霜台記」(「霜台」は、弾正台の別名)などがある。
- It is also called 'Sotai ki' ('Sotai' is another name for the Danjoin).
- ミンククジラでは霜降り程度が弱く、厳密にはほとんど存在しない。
- On minke whales, the meat of this portion is less markedly marbled, with no marbled portion existing in the strict sense.
- それから幾日もたたないうちに、寒が戻り、辺り一面霜で被われた。
- Not many days later, winter set in again with renewed frost and cold.
- 植物などが、粉末状のコーティングで霜で覆われたように見えるさま
- having a frosted look from a powdery coating, as on plants
- 「葦辺ゆく鴨の羽交(はがひ)に霜降りて寒き夕へは大和し思ほゆ」
- 'In such a freezing cold evening that there is frost on the wings of a wild duck while it is drifting around a clump of reeds, I terribly miss my home Yamato.'
- ところが、何も見えないので、已むを得ず寝間着の袖で霜を拭い落した。
- He was obliged to rub the frost off with the sleeve of his dressing-gown before he could see anything;
- とにかく身を切るように寒い冬で、長い間厳しい霜がおり風が強かった。
- It was a bitter cold winter, with long, hard frosts and heavy gales;
- 額兵隊(仙台藩)、雷神隊(桑名藩)、凌霜隊(郡上藩)、天誅組、天狗党
- Gakuheitai (Army in Western system: Sendai domain), Raijintai (a Japanese guerilla warfare unit formed in 1868 during the Boshin War: Kuwana domain), Ryosotai (Gujo domain), Tenchugumi (the Heavenly Avenging Force), Tengu-to Party
- 夜がどうであろうとも、霜がおり、寒く、または温かくて、湿っていようとも
- whatever the evenings be--frosty and frore or warm and wet
- 夜あけ方になりますと、森中は、きら/\した白い霜にくるまつてゐました。
- and in the morning dawn the whole forest glittered with hoar frost,
- 長氏の子満氏は霜月騒動で安達泰盛に与し、北条氏による討伐を受けて戦死。
- Mituuji, a child of Osauji, took the side of Yasumori ADACHI during the Shimotsuki Sodo (a political change to the Kamakura Bakufu), subsequently Mituuji was subdued and killed by the order of the Hojo clan
- 霜をまつ籬(まがき)の菊の宵のまにおきまよふ色は山のはの月(新古今集)
- During the early evening, as a chrysanthemum on the hedge awaits the frost, it turns shiny white as if we had frost already -- the moonlight from the edge of the mountain is reflecting on the flower (Shin Kokinshu).
- 文保元年(1317年)に霜月騒動で討たれた父宗顕の33回忌供養を行う。
- In 1317, he had a memorial service for the thirty-third anniversary of the death of his father, Muneaki, who was killed in the Shimotsuki incident.
- 雷 - 台風 - 初霜 - 初冠雪 - 鰯雲 - 小春日和 - 木枯らし
- thunder - typhoon - the first frost of the year - the first snow on a mountain - cirrocumulus - Indian summer - cold blast
- 火よ、あられよ、雪よ、霜よ、み言葉を行うあらしよ、 (詩篇 148:8)
- Lightning and hail, snow and clouds; stormy wind, fulfilling his word; (Psalms 148:8)
- 氷はだれの胎から出たか。空の霜はだれが生んだか。 (ヨブ記 38:29)
- Out of whose womb came the ice? The gray frost of the sky, who has given birth to it? (Job 38:29)
- 安達一族が滅ぼされた弘安8年(1285年)の霜月騒動では難を逃れている。
- When the Shimotsuki Disturbance (internal strife among Kamakura shogunate retainers) occurred in 1285, which led to the destruction of the Adachi clan, Yorikage escaped the incident unscathed.
- 秋山下氷壮夫とは、秋の山に霜がおりている様を神格化したもの、と言われる。
- An autumn mountain covered with frost is said to be deified as Akiyamanoshitabiotoko.
- 弘安8年(1285年)の霜月騒動で父宗顕をはじめ一族の多くが滅ぼされた。
- Most of the Adachi family, including Tokiaki's father Muneaki, were killed in the Shimotsuki incident in 1285.
- 『十三夜』-霜滿軍營秋氣淸 数行過雁月三更 越山併得能州景 遮莫家郷憶遠征
- 'The Thirteenth Night' - The military camp is covered with frost on clear fall days; Geese are flying in rows in the evening; Now we've brought the mountains in Echigo and Ecchu together with Noto, and the view is wonderful; However, people in our hometown must be worrying about this expedition now.
- 鎮魂祭の際に行われた霜月神楽を祖とする湯立・神楽などが行われることが多い。
- And in the winter festivals of the present day, yudate or boiling water kagura (sacred music and dancing performed at shrine) whose origin dates back to shimotsuki kagura (November kagura) is often performed at the Tamashizume no matsuri festival.
- 凍った白霜は頭の上にも、眉毛にも、また針金のような顎にも降りつもっていた。
- A frosty rime was on his head, and on his eyebrows, and his wiry chin.
- (フロントガラス、冷蔵庫または飛行機の翼などから)氷や霜を除去するヒーター
- heater that removes ice or frost (as from a windshield or a refrigerator or the wings of an airplane)
- 炉があったところだけは、いくら寒い日でも霜が降りないという言い伝えがある。
- One legend has it that the place which used to have his furnace never frosts even on an extremely cold day.
- 主は雪を羊の毛のように降らせ、霜を灰のようにまかれる。 (詩篇 147:16)
- He gives snow like wool, and scatters frost like ashes. (Psalms 147:16)
- 父の顕時は霜月騒動で連座しており、貞顕の出仕にも影響を与えたと考えられている。
- His father Akitoki was implicated in the Shimotsuki Sodo (political change of Kamakura Bakufu) and it is considered to have had an impact on Sadaaki's serving.
- 故郷伊賀上野で墓参をし「手にとらば消えんなみだぞあつき秋の霜」の一句をのこした。
- When he visited his mother's grave in his hometown Iga Ueno, he wrote a poem, 'Te ni toraba kien namida zo atsuki aki no shimo,' (should I take it in my hand it would melt in these hot tears: autumn frost).
- 北条顕時や安達氏など霜月騒動で没落を余儀なくされた勢力も徐々に幕府中枢に復帰した。
- Vigorous vassals such as Akitoki HOJO and the Adachi clan who were forced to give in the Shimotsuki Incident gradually came back to the center of the bakufu.
- かわいそうな木は、まだ霜と雪ですっかり覆われ、北風はその上を吹き荒れておりました。
- The poor tree was still quite covered with frost and snow, and the North Wind was blowing and roaring above it.
- この他にも伝統的な霜月神楽の全てあるいは一部を継承した神楽は全国各地に存在している。
- Other kagura continue to practice either the whole or part of traditional Shimotsuki kagura but are not mentioned here.
- 廻転のはやい車輪は、常磐木の黒ずんだ葉から水烟のように霜だの雪だのを蹴散らして行った。
- the quick wheels dashing the hoar-frost and snow from off the dark leaves of the evergreens like spray.
- 保呂羽山の霜月神楽(1977年5月17日 横手市大森町八沢木 保呂羽山霜月神楽保存会)
- Mt. Horowa Shimotsuki kagura dance (May 17, 1977; Yasawagi, Omori-machi, Yokote City; Horowa-san Shimotsuki Kagura Hozonkai [Association for the Preservation of the Mt. Horowa November Kagura])
- ですからこの庭はいつでも冬で、 北風と、霰と、霜と、雪が木々の間で舞い踊っておりました。
- So it was always Winter there, and the North Wind, and the Hail, and the Frost, and the Snow danced about through the trees.
- 6月5日 宮津湾で駆逐艦「初霜 (初春型駆逐艦)」を標的とした夜間爆撃訓練中、1機墜落。
- June 5: One plane crashed during night training using the destroyer Hatsushimo (Hatsuharu type destroyer) as the target in the Miyazu Bay.
- 持統天皇2年(688年)には筑紫館で新羅国使全霜林を饗したと『日本書紀』に記されている。
- According to the 'Nihonshoki,' Tsukushi-no-murotsumi was used to entertain 全霜林, an envoy of the Silla Kingdom in 688.
- - あごからほほにかけての関節周辺の肉で、鹿の子状に脂肪の中に筋肉が散り、霜降り状態のもの。
- - Meat around joints from jaw to cheeks where muscles are spread among fat in a white-spotted pattern, making the meat look marbled.
- 冬は、夏を夢みてゐたのでした。夜があけると、太陽は、その白い霜を、枝々から消しちらしました。
- which the sun shook from the branches,- and this was the summer dream of Winter.
- 「時方に孟秋の暮つかた、籬落の菊花綾を布き、万朶の梢錦をまとうのとき、天寒く霜気瓦を圧す。」
- 'As the day ebbs in autumn (a season when chrysanthemum blooms under the hedge, and creeping branches exude a scarlet hue), it becomes colder, and tiles are covered with chilly air.'
- 洪水、激しい暴風、干魃、霜の冷害、空気汚染の問題などは全て現代社会にしばしば影響を与えている。
- Floods, violent wind storms, droughts, killing frosts, and the problems of air pollution have all, on occasion, influenced modern society.
- 仙台城内の青葉山 (仙台市)に霜月騒動の翌々年の2月に建てられた高さ2m近い巨大な板碑がある。
- In Aobayama in Sendai-jo Castle (in Sendai City) there is a huge monumental stone tablet in almost two-meter height, which was built in March 1287, two years after the Shimotuski Incident.
- また源頼朝御落胤説があり、これが後に孫の安達泰盛の代になり、霜月騒動で一族誅伐に至る遠因となる。
- There was a theory that Kagemori had been an illegitimate child of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and thereafter, this theory indirectly caused the killing (of someone who is guilty) of the family in the Shimotsuki sodo (the political change of Kamakura Bakufu, the shogunate government) in the period of Kagemori's grandson, Yasumori ADACHI.
- 足利氏はこの頃泰盛に接近し、霜月騒動では一族吉良氏の足利上総三郎(吉良満氏か)が泰盛に与同している。
- The Ashikaga clan approached Yasumori at the time and Kazusa no Saburo ASHIKAGA (believed to be Mitsuuji KIRA) from the Kira clan of the Ashikaga family, agreed with and assisted Yasumori during the Shimotsuki Incident.
- 予選会では、立高跳び優勝の後藤欣一、立幅跳び優勝の泉谷祐勝、走幅跳び優勝の霜田守三などの選手もいた。
- In a preliminary competition, Kinichi GOTO won in standing high jump, Sukekatsu IZUMITANI won in standing long jump, and Morizo SHIMODA won in running long jump, respectively.
- パトラッシュは、ときどき霜やひどくぬかるんだ道や、リュウマチによる手足の痛みにとても苦しめられました。
- He suffered a great deal sometimes from frost and the terrible roads and the rheumatic pains of his limbs;
- 霜月騒動で上野国の守護が安達氏から得宗家へと替わり、上野でも得宗専制の影響が強くなってきたと見られる。
- It seems that the influence of the Tokuso family's autocracy reached Kozuke Province after its shugo (military governor) changed from the Adachi clan to the Tokuso family after the Shimotsuki Incident.
- 明治初年其業を卒るや、遠く加奈太政廳聘に應じ留まること三星霜にして其業更に進み、而して任滿ち歸朝する。
- After graduating from the school in 1868, he accepted the invitation from the government of Canada and went to Canada; during his stay for three years, he furthered his learning, and after the end of the term, he returned to Japan.
- 朝とても早くに、身が引き締まるほど寒く霜がおり、入り江は灰色にかすみ、さざなみが岩にそっと打ち寄せていた。
- very early--a pinching, frosty morning--the cove all grey with hoar-frost, the ripple lapping softly on the stones,
- 「だから一年中ここに住もうぜ」 雪は大きな白い外套で草を覆い、霜は木々をすっかり銀色に塗りつぶしました。
- 'so we will live here all the year round.' The Snow covered up the grass with her great white cloak, and the Frost painted all the trees silver.
- 霜月神楽(しもつきかぐら)とは、11月_(旧暦)(グレゴリオ暦の12月から翌年1月)に行われる神楽のこと。
- Shimotsuki kagura is kagura (sacred music and dance performed at shrines) that is performed in November (according to the old lunar calendar; December through to January of the following year according to the Gregorian calendar).
- だが、亀山は関東申次の西園寺実兼との不和に加えて、霜月騒動で失脚した安達泰盛と親しかった事が幕府を刺激する。
- However the bakufu did not like the fact that Kameyama did not get along well with Kanto Moshitsugi, Sanekane SAIONJI, also he was close to Yasumori ADACHI who lost his position from being involved in the Shimotsuki Disturbance.
- 『百人一首』の歌(かささぎの渡せる橋におく霜の白きを見れば夜ぞ更けにける)は、『万葉集』には入集していない。
- His poem (On the night of the Star Festival, a magpie bridges over the Milky Way, looking at the stairs in the palace with white frost, I feel evening deepens into the night) in 'Hyakunin Isshu' (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets) was not included in 'Manyoshu.'
- 神はひょうをもって彼らのぶどうの木を枯らし、霜をもって彼らのいちじく桑の木を枯らされた。 (詩篇 78:47)
- He destroyed their vines with hail, their sycamore fig trees with frost. (Psalms 78:47)
- 霜月騒動の影響で昇進が遅れていた金沢流は、執権北条貞時の抜擢によって幕府中枢へのエリートコースに登る事になる。
- Kanesawa line, which was held back on a promotion due to the Shimotsuki Sodo, got into the fast lane to the nucleus of the bakufu by this selection by the regent Sadatoki HOJO.
- 霜が降りるような天気だというのに、今朝見てみるとどうにもすぐに食べてしまわないとまずいことになりそうだったから、
- when there were signs that, in spite of the slight frost, it would be well that it should be eaten without unnecessary delay.
- 彼は霧と霜の中を駆け出して来たので、身体が煖まって、どっからどこまで真赤になっていた。スクルージのこの甥がですよ。
- He had so heated himself with rapid walking in the fog and frost, this nephew of Scrooge's, that he was all in a glow;
- それがために歌唄いは仰天して、その鍵の穴を霧と、それよりももっと主人と性の合った霜とに任せて置いたまま遁げ出した。
- that the singer fled in terror, leaving the keyhole to the fog and even more congenial frost.
- 秋になると日はだんだん短くなり夜はさむくなってきました。彼女は初霜が木の葉を黄色や赤に変えていくのをみていました。
- In the fall, when the days grew shorter and the nights colder, she watched the first frost turn the leaves to bright yellow and orange and red.
- 尊王攘夷の念が強く、北野天満宮に「雪霜に 色よく花の魁て 散りても後に 匂う 梅が香」という句を記した額を献じた。
- He had a strong desire to carry out Sonno-joi, and presented a frame to Kitano Temman-gu Shrine, in which the poem 'Before snow and frost melt, colorful flowers are in bloom, and the scent of plumb blossoms remain even after they fall' was written.
- これ以後、鎌倉期を通じて安達氏が秋田城介を世襲した(安達泰盛が滅ぼされた霜月騒動は「秋田城介の乱」とも呼ばれる)。
- Thereafter, the Adachi clan continued to inherit the title of Akita Jonosuke for the rest of the Kamakura period (and in fact the Shimotsuki Incident, in which Yasumori ADACHI was overthrown and ruined, is also called the 'Akita Jonosuke's rebellion').
- その間に『新編水滸画伝』『近世怪談霜夜之星』『椿説弓張月』などの作品を発表し、馬琴とともにその名を一躍不動のものとした。
- At that time, they published such works as 'Shinpen Suikogaden,' 'Kinsei Kaidan Shimoyo no Hoshi' and 'Chinsetsu yumiharizuki (The Crescent Moon),' which made his name famous together with Bakin.
- 時宗没後の弘安8年(1285年)11月には霜月騒動と呼ばれる武力衝突が起こり、泰盛は敗死し、以後頼綱の専制政治が始まる。
- After the death of Tokimune, an armed conflict referred to as the Shimotsuki Incident occurred in November, 1825 (December, 1825 in new calendar); as a result Yasumori lost and died, and Yoritsuna's despotic government started afterward.
- 長時間漬けてねっとりした質感をもたせたものや、切りつけて数分程度の短時間漬けるもの、湯霜にしてから漬けるなどの仕事がある。
- Marinating in soy sauce includes the immersion of the red flesh in soy sauce-based seasoning liquid for a long time for rich texture, the immersion of sliced red flesh in it for a short time, the immersion of yushimo-processed red flesh (making the surface marbled, for example, by pouring hot water over it) in it.
- 有体に言ってしまえば、花弁に霜が触れるなどして植物組織が損傷を受け色が変わったもので、園芸用語で言う「霜焼け」に過ぎない。
- As it is, the petals change their color simply because the tissues are damaged by, for example, frost; this is called 'frostbite' in gardening terms.
- あたりは冬めいて薄暗く、生彩を無くし、そして緩い、潤むような重苦しい霜気が、肌に沁み入り、彼の知覚を鈍磨させるようだった。
- It was grey, deadened, and wintry, with a slow, moist, heavy coldness sinking in and deadening all the faculties.
- 奈良女子大学の講堂の緞帳は、小倉遊亀の「爛漫」、滋賀県立大津高等学校の体育館の緞帳は「うす霜」という原画によるものである。
- The curtains of the auditorium of Nara Women's University were designed based on her painting 'Ranman' (literally, in full bloom), and likewise, the curtains of the gymnasium of Shiga Prefectural Ohtsu High School were designed based on her 'Usushimo' (literally, thin frost).
- 霜月騒動(しもつきそうどう)とは、鎌倉時代後期の弘安8年(1285年)11月17日 (旧暦)に鎌倉で起こった鎌倉幕府の政変。
- The Simotsuki Incident was a political change in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) that occurred in Kamakura in the latter half of the Kamakura period on December 21, 1285.
- この没落士族のテーマは、同じ黙阿弥の『霜夜鐘十時辻占』、落語の『鰻屋 (落語)』や明治期の文学作品に多く取り上げられている。
- The theme of a ruined man of the warrior class was taken up by many literary works of the Meiji period such as 'Shimoyonokane Juji no Tsujiura'(Frosty Night Bell and 10 O'clock Fortune-Teller at the Corner) by the same Mokuami and 'Unagi-ya' (eel restaurant) which is a rakugo (comic story telling).
- しかし、時宗が1284年に急死すると、翌1285年、平頼綱は泰盛を突如襲撃・殺害し、泰盛派の御家人らを討伐した(霜月騒動)。
- However, when Tokimune died suddenly in 1284, TAIRA no Yoritsuna killed Yasumori in a sudden assault and exterminated the gokenin of the Yasumori faction in the following year of 1285 (the Shimotsuki Incident).
- 1285年(弘安8年)11月に得宗家執事(内管領)平頼綱と、外戚安達泰盛との権力闘争が霜月騒動となってあらわれ安達一族が滅ぶ。
- In November, 1285, the November Disturbance between TAIRA no Yoritsuna, under secretary (Inner regent) of the Tokuso family, Yasumori ADACHI, a maternal relative, struggling for power, and the Adachi family was ended.
- 善昭門下に石霜楚円、瑯琊慧覚が出、蘊聡門下からは楊岐派の楊岐方会、黄龍派の黄龍慧南が出て、その一門が中国全土を制覇することとなった。
- Sekiso Soen and Roya Ekaku (瑯琊慧覚) who were Zensho's disciples, and Yogi Hoe of the Yogi school and Oryu Enan of the Oryu school, who were Shonen's disciples, appeared and their group dominated all over China.
- 大内弘幸の子・大内弘世は、長門国守護の厚東氏と戦い、正平 (日本)13年(1358年)にその拠点霜降城を攻略して厚東氏を九州に逐った。
- Hiroyuki OUCHI's son, Hiroyo OUCHI fought against Nagato no kuni Shugo (provincial constable of Nagato Province), Koto clan and conquered the base, Shimofuri-jo Castle in 1358, and drove the Koto clan out to Kyushu.
- その降りた露がかわくと、荒野の面には、薄いうろこのようなものがあり、ちょうど地に結ぶ薄い霜のようであった。 (出エジプト記 16:14)
- When the dew that lay had gone, behold, on the surface of the wilderness was a small round thing, small as the frost on the ground. (Exodus 16:14)
- 時宗の死後、御家人層の支持を持つ泰盛が幕政を主導して弘安徳政を開始するが、御内人の代表である内管領の平頼綱と対立し、霜月騒動で滅ぼされる。
- After Tokimune's death, Yasumori, who had the support of the gokenin, led the shogunate administration and initiated the Koan-tokusei (political reforms instituted in the Koan era); however, a dispute with Yoritsuna TAIRA (a head of the Tokuso family who was a representative of the miuchibito) led to him being overthrown in the Shimotsuki incident.
- 3時を回った頃は、身をさすように寒く霧がかかった、霜の降りた午後だったが、僕はドアの前に立ちつくし、親父のことで悲しい思いでいっぱいだった。
- and about three o'clock of a bitter, foggy, frosty afternoon, I was standing at the door for a moment, full of sad thoughts about my father,
- 「和田合戦」、「承久の乱」、「宝治合戦」、「二月騒動」、「霜月騒動」など、現在使用されている鎌倉時代の事件名称の多くは本書の記述に由来する。
- The names of incidents which occurred during the Kamakura period such as 'Battle of Wada,' 'Jokyu War,' 'Battle of Hoji,' 'February Riot,' 'Shimotsuki Incident,' etc. are used widely today, and most of them are derived from the descriptions in this book.
- 霜月騒動の折には、安達泰盛と対立した平頼綱が「泰盛の子安達宗景が藤原氏から源氏に改姓し将軍にならんとする陰謀あり」と執権北条貞時に讒言している。
- At the time of the Shimotsuki Sodo (political change of Kamakura bakufu), TAIRA no Yoritsuna's opponent Yasumori ADACHI defamed Regent Sadatoki HOJO by claiming 'there is a plot in essence that Yasumori's child Munekage ADACHI is Fujiwara clan therefore unless he changes his name to Minamoto clan he can not become Shogun.'
- 時顕が文保元年(1317年)年に霜月騒動で討たれた父宗顕の33回忌供養を行った際の記録には、その頃まで泰盛の供養がタブーであった事が記されている。
- The account of the 33rd memorial service for Yasumori, who perished in the Shimotsuki Incident, held in 1317 by his son Tokiaki mentions that it had been a taboo to hold a memorial service for Yasumori till then.
- 冬になって木々のこずえが、銀色の葉でも連ねたように霜(しも)で包まれますと、おばあさんはまくらの上で、ちょっと身動きしたばかりでそれを緑にしました。
- If she happened to look out on a cold winter's day when the trees were covered with hoar-frost and the white foliage looked as if it were made of silver, she had but to turn her head a little on the pillow, and all the trees were green;
- その人事は単に家を継いだだけに等しかったが、その年は1285年(弘安8年)の霜月騒動によって得宗家被官・内管領の平頼綱が実権を握っていた時期にあたる。
- For the personnel affairs, he just acceded to the position at the time that hikan (low-level bureaucrat) of the Tokuso family, TAIRA no Yoritsuna of Uchi-Kanrei (head of Tokuso Family) held the real power after the Shimotsuki Incident in 1285.
- それから3年後の1293年(正応6年)に北条貞時が平頼綱を討ち(平禅門の乱)、平頼綱の時代の人事を否定し、霜月騒動以前の北条時宗の時代への回帰を計る。
- In 1293, three years later, Sadatoki HOJO subjugated TAIRA no Yoritsuna (Heizenmon-no-ran [Heizen Gate Incident]), rejected the personnel affairs in the days of TAIRA no Yoritsuna and tried to restore the personnel affairs in the days of Tokimune HOJO before the Shimotsuki Incident.
- また群れが発情した時、わたしが夢に目をあげて見ると、群れの上に乗っている雄やぎは皆しまのあるもの、ぶちのもの、霜ふりのものであった。 (創世記 31:10)
- It happened during mating season that I lifted up my eyes, and saw in a dream, and behold, the male goats which leaped on the flock were streaked, speckled, and grizzled. (Genesis 31:10)
- 高橋慎一朗は、この事件における時村の立場を、霜月騒動と同様の「得宗政権を支える二者の対立に起因する」も、「嘉元の乱は霜月騒動の縮小再生産だった」としている。
- Shinichiro TAKAHASHI says that Tokimura's position in this incident was forced to take 'due to confrontation between two persons supporting the Tokuso family-based government' as in the Shimotsuki incident (November disturbance), and that 'Kagen War was reproduction on a diminished scale of the Shimotsuki incident.'
- 髭切りの太刀は霜月騒動で行方不明になったのち、12月5日に探し出され、貞時によって「赤字の錦袋」(平氏を称する北条氏は赤旗)に包まれて再び法華堂に奉納された。
- Although the Higekiri sword was lost during the Shimotsuki incident, it was discovered on January 8, and Sadatoki indicated it was wrapped by 'Red brocade' (Red was the flag color of the Hojo clan who refered themselves as the Taira clan.)
- 雪 - 霜柱 - 氷柱 - スキー - アイススケート - クリスマスツリー - 有馬記念 - 焚き火 - イルミネーション - 麦踏み - 箱根駅伝 - 雪虫
- snow - hoarfrost - ice pillar - skiing - ice skating - Christmas tree - Arima Kinen Nakayama Grand Prix - bonfire - illuminations - treading barley plants - Hakone Ekiden - wooly aphid
- 霧と霜とは、その家の真黒な古い玄関の辺りにまごまごしていたが、ちょうどそれは天気の神がじっと悲しげに考え込みながら、閾の上に坐っているのかと思われる位であった。
- The fog and frost so hung about the black old gateway of the house, that it seemed as if the Genius of the Weather sat in mournful meditation on the threshold.
- このとき季長に恩賞の便宜を取り計らった安達泰盛や少弐景資らは、弘安8年(1285年)の霜月騒動で滅びており、恩義のある彼らへの鎮魂の意味があるとも指摘されている。
- It is also said that the picture scroll was drawn in order to pray for the repose of the souls of Yasumori ADACHI and Kagesuke SHONI who had helped Suenaga to receive rewards but were killed in the Shimotsuki Incident (a coup to destroy Gokenin [immediate vassals of the shogunate] by Miuchibito [private vassals of the tokuso]) in 1285.
- 1285年(弘安8年)の霜月騒動後に罷免されるが、1293年(永仁元年)北条貞時が平頼綱を討った平禅門の乱で、貞時は霜月騒動以降に平頼綱が主導した人事を否定した。
- He was dismissed after the Shimotsuki Incident in 1285, but in 1293, Sadatoki HOJO got his revenge on TAIRA no Yoritsuna in the Heizenmon Incident and threw out the personnel structure that TAIRA no Yoshitsuna had set up after the Shimotsuki Incident.
- 弘安8年(1285年)の霜月騒動で14歳の執権貞時を擁する平頼綱によって安達一族の多くが滅ぼされたが、頼綱が貞時によって誅された後に安達一族の幕府復帰が認められた。
- Many members of the Adachi clan were killed by TAIRA no Yoritsuna who supported a 14-year-old shikken, Sadatoki, at Shimotsuki Incident in 1285, but the Adachi clan was allowed to return to the political activities at the Kamakura bakufu after Yoritsuna was killed by Sadatoki.
- しかし、弘安8年(1285年)に泰盛とその与党が平頼綱らのクーデタ(霜月騒動)により殺害・追放されて幕府の政策が転換すると、その影響が朝廷にも及び、亀山院政は動揺した。
- However, in 1285, Yasumori and his group members were killed and exiled in a coup d'etat by TAIRA no Yoritsuna (Shimotsuki Incident) leading to a change in direction of bakufu measures that affected the Imperial Court, stunning the Kameyama Cloistered Government.
- 頼綱が有力御家人の安達泰盛を霜月騒動で滅ぼして恐怖政治を敷いたり、北条高時の時代に長崎高綱(円喜)・長崎高資父子が専横を極めたように、内管領には執権や得宗を凌駕する者も現れた。
- There appeared some Uchi-kanrei whose political power overshadowed the regents and the Tokuso family; for example, Yoritsuna destroyed Yasumori ADACHI, a senior vassal, in the Shimotsuki Incident and unleashed a reign of terror, or Takatsuna (Enki) NAGASAKI and his son Takasuke NAGASAKI ruled with tyranny in the time of Takatoki HOJO.
- それゆえ主はユダの王エホヤキムについてこう言われる、彼の子孫にはダビデの位にすわる者がなくなる。また彼の死体は捨てられて昼は暑さにあい、夜は霜にあう。 (エレミヤ書 36:30)
- Therefore thus says Yahweh concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah: He shall have none to sit on the throne of David; and his dead body shall be cast out in the day to the heat, and in the night to the frost. (Jeremiah 36:30)
- 神の使は言った、『目を上げて見てごらん。群れの上に乗っている雄やぎは皆しまのあるもの、ぶちのもの、霜ふりのものです。わたしはラバンがあなたにしたことをみな見ています。 (創世記 31:12)
- He said, 'Now lift up your eyes, and behold, all the male goats which leap on the flock are streaked, speckled, and grizzled, for I have seen all that Laban does to you. (Genesis 31:12)
- 『保暦間記』によれば、霜月騒動の原因は、宗景が曾祖父の安達景盛が源頼朝の落胤であると称して源氏に改姓したところ、平頼綱が安達氏が謀反を企んで将軍になろうとしている、と讒言したためとしている。
- According to 'Horyakukanki' (A History Book of the 14 century in Japan), the cause of the Shimotsuki Incident was that TAIRA no Yoritsuna gave a slander that the Adachi clan conspired a rebellion to become Shogun, as Munekage changed his name into MINAMOTO, saying that his grand-grandfather, Kagemori ADACHI was an illegitimate child of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
- 同年11月17日、泰盛と内管領平頼綱の対立による霜月騒動で安達一族が滅ぼされると、北九州にいた盛宗は少弐景資と共に岩門城に籠もり、頼綱方である景資の兄少弐経資の軍勢と戦って敗死した(岩門合戦)。
- On Decemebr 21 in the same year, when the Adachi clan was destroyed by the Shimotsuki Incident, which was led by the conflict between Yasumori and Uchi-Kanrei (head of Tokuso Family) TAIRA no Yoritsuna, Morimune who was in northern Kyushu secluded himself in Iwato-ji Castle with Kagesuke SHONI, and fought with a troop of Kagesuke's brother, Tsunesuke SHONI, which backed Yoritsuna, but was defeated and dead (battle in Iwato).
- 北条得宗家執事の平頼綱は、鎌倉幕府鎌倉幕府の執権一覧北条時宗が死去し、その子北条貞時が9代執権となった翌1285年(弘安8年)、政治路線で対立していた有力御家人安達泰盛や泰盛派の御家人を霜月騒動で討伐した。
- TAIRA no Yoritsuna, who was the steward of the Hojo Tokuso family (main branch of the Hojo family), avenged a senior vassal Yasumori ADACHI and other vassals of Yasumori's faction, with whom he had conflicts in political lines, in the Shimotsuki Incident in 1285, which was a year after Tokimune HOJO, who was one of the regents of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), died and Tokimune's son Sadatoki HOJO became the ninth regent.
- これは、自販機の普及による販売競争激化に加え、1975年に発生したブラジル大霜害の影響で生豆価格が高騰していたことから、極端に低濃度の製品や代替物を使用した粗悪品が市場に流通してしまう恐れが生じたことによる。
- It was caused by an intensified sales competition due to the spread of vending machines and the fears that extremely low-concentrated products or inferior products containing substitute ingredients might be distributed on the market in view of rising prices of unroasted beans due to great frost damage in Brazil during 1975.
- 日本では牛肉料理に脂身の繊細にのった霜降りが好まれるが、ハンバーグの場合には脂身が少ないほうが肉の風味が濃く味わえるため適しており、加えて赤身肉は日本では安価な傾向が強いことも家庭料理に向いている理由となっている。
- In Japan, well marbled beef is preferable for meat dishes, but in the case of hamburgers, lean meat with low fat is more suitable to taste the meat flavor itself and is also cheaper, thus being appropriate for home made cooking.
- 第4代当主・足利泰氏は幕府に無断で出家(一説では、謀反の疑いがあったとされるが真偽は不明である)・引退し、第5代当主・足利頼氏と上杉重房の娘の間に生まれた第6代当主・足利家時は霜月騒動に関連して自害したと言われている。
- The fourth family head Yasuuji ASHIKAGA retired and entered the priesthood without any permission from the Shogunate (one theory, unsupported by evidence, says he did so because of a charge of rebellion), and the sixth family head Ietoki ASHIKAGA, born to the fifth head Yoriuji ASHIKAGA and a daughter of Shigefusa UESUGI, is said to have committed suicide because of his involvement in the Shimotsuki Disturbance.
- 亀山は失意のうちに正応2年に出家(41歳)し、翌正応3年に霜月騒動で所領を失った武士浅原為頼らが内裏に乱入し伏見を殺害しようとする事件が起きると関与を疑われ、起請文を幕府に提出して身の潔白を主張しなければならなかった。
- Kameyama was disappointed and became a priest in 1289 (aged 41), and was accused of being involved in an incident where bushi Tameyori ASAHARA and others who lost their territory during the Shimotsuki Incident, invaded the Imperial Palace and tried to assassinate Fushimi, and had to submit an appeal to the bakufu to clear his name in 1290.
- 臨済宗が再び活気に満ち溢れるようになるのは、北宋代であり、石霜楚円の門下より、ともに江西省を出自とする、黄龍慧南と楊岐方会という、臨済宗の主流となる2派(黄龍派・楊岐派)を生む傑僧が出て、中国全土を席巻することとなった。
- It was in the Northern Song dynasty that Rinzai School became vibrant again, below the gates of Sekiso SOEN, along with Enan OURYU and Houe YOUGI who came from Jiangxi province and created the two main sectes of Rinzai (Ouryu and Yougi), and swept across all of China.
- 「そもそも當國摂州東成郡生玉に荘内大坂といふ在所は往古よりいかなる約束のありけるにや、さんぬる明応第五の秋下旬のころより、かりそめながらこの在所をみそめしより、すでにかたのごとく一宇の坊舎を建立せしめ、年はやすでに三年の星霜をへたりき。
- Although I do not know what kind of promise I made in ancient times, it has been three years since I saw this village, Shonai Osaka in the Ikutama Higashinari district of Sesshu, at the end of fall 1496, and built a vihara.
- 合戦の状況を語る唯一の一次史料である霜月騒動覚聞書によると、11月17日の午前中、松谷の別荘に居た泰盛は、世間が騒がしくなった事に気付き、昼の12時頃塔ノ辻にある出仕用の屋形に出かけ、貞時邸に出仕したところを頼綱の手勢の襲撃を受けて殺害された。
- According to the Shimotsuki Incident note, the only primary archive describing the incident, when Yasumori was in his second house in Matsutani in the morning of December 21, he noticed a restlessness in the world and went back to his residence in Tonotsuji around midday to prepare to attend court, but he was attacked and killed by Yoritsuna's soldiers when he arrived at Sadatoki's residence.
- 射距離によって標的のどの部分を狙うか、伝書に図入りで示され、目的に応じた各種の「射撃姿勢」が描かれ,各据銃姿勢による体の各部位の力の配分や、息遣い、また、「寒夜聞霜(照準時の心持として寒夜に霜を聞くことができるような精神統一)」等を名言として伝えた。
- In the book of secrets, which part of the target to be aimed at in different shooting ranges is shown with illustrations; various 'shooting postures' for different purposes, how to distribute power of each part of the body in each shooting posture, and how to take a breath are also described; the desirable state of mind at sighting a target is expressed with a skillful metaphor as Kanya bunso (mental concentration that one can even sense the frosts coming in a winter night).
- この祭日は地方によって違いがみられ、東北地方では「三九日」(みくにち)、関東地方の北西部から甲信越地方にかけては「十日夜」(とおかんや)、西日本から千葉県・茨城県・埼玉県の一部など太平洋沿岸にかけてでは「亥子」(いのこ)、九州では霜月祭などと呼ばれる。
- This festival day varies from region to region; it is called 'Mikunichi' in Tohoku region, 'Tokanya (the night on the 10th day of October)' from northern west of Kanto region through Koshinetsu region, 'Inoko' from western Japan through a part of Chiba, Ibaraki, and Saitama Prefectures along the Pacific coast, and Shimotsuki-matsuri Festival in Kyushu region.
- 昭和9年(1934年)頃に発行された越前襖紙の見本帳には、有馬紙。東風紙・すみれ紙・飛雲紙・飛龍紙・七夕紙・野分紙そのほか大正水玉紙・霜降紙・大麗紙・大典紙・金潜紙・銀潜紙・落花紙などの多彩な紙名が見えるが、このなかの主要なものは、岩野平三郎が考案したものである。
- In the sample book of Echizen fusuma paper published around 1934, there are various names of paper such as Taisho mizutama-shi (Taisho waterdrop paper), shimofuri-shi (pepper and salt paper), tairei-shi (paper of a extreme beauty) (大麗紙), taiten-shi (paper of a great ceremony), kinsen-shi (paper with gold in hiding), ginsen-shi (paper with silver in hiding) and rakka-shi (paper of falling cherry-blossom petals) (落花紙) other than arima-shi (fusuma paper including buckwheat chaff), tofu-shi (paper of east wind) (東風紙), sumire-shi (paper of a violet) (すみれ紙), tobikumo-gami (indigo-blue and purple fiber-included paper which looks like flying clouds), hiryu-shi (paper of a flying dragon) (飛龍紙), tanabata-gami (paper of the Star Festival) (七夕紙), nowaki-gami (paper of a storm), and the major papers among these were invented by Heizaburo IWANO.
- 明治以降も、「霜夜鐘十時辻占」(1879)・「天衣粉上野初花」(通称 河内山と直侍)(1881)・「島鵆月白浪」(通称 島ちどり)(1881)・「四千両小判梅葉」(1885)・「盲長屋梅加賀鳶」(1886)などの作品が作られ、いずれも今日の歌舞伎における重要な演目となっている。
- In the Meiji period onward, the following plays were composed and are today counted among major kabuki plays: 'Shimoyonokane jujino tsujiura' (1879), 'Kumoni magou uenono hatsuhana' (commonly called Kochiyama to Naozamurai) (1881), 'Shimachidori tsukino shiranami' (commonly called 'Shimachidori') (1881), 'Shisenryo kobanno umenoha' (1885), 'Mekuranagaya umegakagatobi' (1886).
- この理由については、従来幕府による朝廷権力の掣肘であるとする見解が主流であったが、近年では亀山が西園寺実兼との不和に加え、霜月騒動で失脚した安達泰盛と親しかった事や、「新制」に対し熱心であった態度が東国のみならず全国へ実効支配を広げようとする得宗勢力の不審を呼んだのではないかとする説が有力となっている。
- Conventionally, it was believed in general that interference in the authority of the imperial court from the bakufu resulted in the above circumstances; but recently it is widely believed that, in addition to the friction between Kameyama and Sanekane SAIONJI, Kameyama's intimacy with Yasumori ADACHI who fell during the Shimotsuki Incident, as well as his ambition for 'Shinsei' (law reconstitution) produced suspiciousness among the Tokuso (the patrimonial head of the main branch of the Hojo clan) family who aimed to control not only the eastern part, but the entire country.
- 足助氏はその後も御家人として存続したが、4代目惣領・足助重方とその子・足助親重は官位を有し昇殿をも許されるなど朝廷との繋がりは依然として深く、加えて一族の中には有力御家人安達氏との縁戚がおり、弘安8年(1285年)の霜月騒動で一族の足助重房が連座して滅ぼされたことなどから、次第に鎌倉幕府への不満を強めていくこととなる。
- After that, the Asuke clan survived as a vassal of the shogunate, but its relationship with the Imperial Court was still so close that the fourth head, Shigekata ASUKE, and his son Chikashige ASUKE had been given official rank and allowed to enter the denjo room in the palace; moreover, its dissatisfaction with the Kamakura bakufu increased because of problems such as the Shimotsuki Affair in 1285, in which Shigefusa ASUKE was involved and destroyed because, in the Asuke clan, there were relatives of the powerful gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods), Adachi clan.
- 霜月神楽の方法はそれぞれの地域・神社によって差異はあるものの基本的には儀式に先立って特定の川や滝から汲んだ水を釜で沸かした湯を神前に供えて、祈祷の湯立を行った後に参加者に振り掛けることで祓禊となし、招待神の名前が書かれた神名帳を読上げるところから始まり、前夜の素面による採物舞の神招き、神讃めの願上、夜半の招待神の神送り、直会(なおらい)、後夜の鬼や翁などの面形舞の神遊び、祝福の式の順序で行われる。
- Though the style of Shimotsuki kagura varies from one region or shrine to another, it is basically conducted in the following order: prior to the ceremony, water drawn from a specific river or waterfall is boiled in a large pot and offered before the gods; after the yudate prayer, participants are splashed with hot water purify them; the kagura then begins with the reading of a list of invited deities; before midnight, the unmasked Torimonomai (dance of symbolic offerings) is performed; prayers are offered in praise of the deities; the invited gods are seen off at midnight; a naorai (feast) is held; after midnight is the Kamiasobi (kagura), with the dancers wearing Oni (demon) or Okina (old man) masks; a blessing ceremony is held.