陸: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 北陸道
- Hokurikudo
- Hokuikudo
- Hokurikudō
- 北陸朝廷
- 'Hokuriku Chotei' (The Imperial Court In The Hokuriku Region)
- 陸奥守。
- He became Mutsu no Kami (governer of Mutsu Province)
- His post was Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province).
- Mutsu no kuni no Kami (Governor of Mutsu Province).
- He was the Mutsu no kami (Governor of Mutsu Province).
- 陸奥石川氏
- Mutsu Ishikawa clan
- 北陸朝廷説
- Hokuriku Chotei Theory
- 衝背軍上陸
- Disembarkation of Shohaigun
- 常陸土岐氏
- The Hitachi-Toki clan
- 陸奥権介。
- He served as Mutsu no Gon no suke (provisional vice governor of Mutsu Province).
- He was the Gon no suke (provisional vice governor) of Mutsu.
- 常陸江戸氏
- The Hitachi-Edo Clan
- 丹後海陸交通
- TANGO KAIRIKU KOTSU Co., Ltd.
- Tango Kairiku Koutsu Co., Ltd.
- 常陸の武田氏
- The Takeda clan in Hitachi Province
- 養和の北陸出兵
- Yowa no Hokuriku syuppei (the dispatch of troops to the Hokuriku region in the Yowa period)
- 中部・北陸地方
- Chubu and Hokuriku region
- 陸奥国のこと。
- Refers to Mutsu Province.
- 例:常陸府中藩。
- Example: Hitachifuchu Domain.
- 常陸谷田部細川家
- Hitachi Yatabe Hosokawa family
- 南部は内陸性気候
- The southern part: the inland climate
- 中国大陸部・台湾
- Mainland China and Taiwan
- 第四皇子:常陸宮
- The fourth prince: Hitachi no Miya
- 新宮氏 (陸奥国)
- The Shingu clan (Mutsu Province)
- 陸軍奉行 大鳥圭介
- Army Bugyo, Keisuke OTORI
- 気候は内陸性気候。
- The city has an inland climate.
- 常陸の武田氏(3)
- The Takeda clan in Hitachi Province (3)
- 常陸の武田氏(1)
- The Takeda clan in Hitachi Province (1)
- 常陸の武田氏(2)
- The Takeda clan in Hitachi Province (2)
- 太陽が丘陸上競技場
- Taiyogaoka athletics stadium
- 末摘花常陸宮の娘。
- Suetsumuhana, a daughter of Hitachi no Miya
- 陸軍奉行並 土方歳三
- Army Bugyo Nami, Toshizo HIJIKATA
- 陸軍省 明治5年7月
- In July, 1872: The Department of War
- 丹後海陸交通梅田駅発
- Departure from Umeda Station: TANGO KAIRIKU KOTSU Co., Ltd.
- 丹後海陸交通宮津駅発
- Departure from Miyazu Station: TANGO KAIRIKU KOTSU Co., Ltd.
- 陸奥国安達郡に住す。
- He lived in Adachi-gun, Mutsu Province.
- 陸軍中将にまで進む。
- He was promoted to a lieutenant general (army).
- 陸軍砲兵大佐となる。
- He became an army artillery colonel.
- 陸上競技場兼球技場。
- Athletics and ball game ground
- 某更衣…常陸宮の母。
- Nanigashi no Koi (a certain lady in waiting in the court) --- the mother of Hitachi no Miya.
- 陸軍省・海軍省の設置
- Established the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Navy
- 陸軍省 明治10年1月
- In January, 1877: The Department of War
- 広幡忠朝:陸軍大尉侯爵
- Tadatomo HIROHATA: He was a captain of the Army and he also had a title of marquis.
- 開国後の大陸進出への影響
- Impact of the advance into the continent after opening of Japan
- 陸海軍裁判頭取 今井信郎
- Trial Chief of Army and Navy, Nobuo IMAI
- 陸海軍裁判頭取 竹中重固
- Trial Chief of Army and Navy, Shigekata TAKENAKA
- 司令長官:谷干城陸軍少将
- Commander in Chief: Takeki TANI, Major General of the Imperial Army
- 参謀長:樺山資紀陸軍中佐
- Chief of Staff: Sukenori KABAYAMA, Lieutenant Colonel of the Imperial Army
- 大隊長:立見尚文陸軍少佐
- Battalion Commander: Naobumi TATSUMI, Major of the Imperial Army
- 軍旗:河原林雄太陸軍少尉
- Battle Flag: Yuta KAWARABAYASHI, Second Lieutenant of the Imperial Army
- 松岡佑起(陸上競技選手)
- Yuuki MATSUOKA (Track and Field Athlete)
- 後正三位勲一等陸軍少将。
- He was later granted the rank of Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) and the First Order of Merit, and he was also appointed as the Army Major General.
- 陸軍大将大迫尚道の三男。
- He was the third son of the Army General named Naomichi OSAKO.
- 三浦芳聖の主張する北陸朝廷
- Hokuriku Chotei that was claimed to have existed by Yoshimasa MIURA
- 6月、山縣が陸軍卿となる。
- In June, YAMAGATA became the Minister of Army.
- 陸軍省 明治10年1月8日
- In January 8, 1877: The Department of War
- 司令長官:野津鎮雄陸軍少将
- Commander in Chief: Shizuo NOZU, Major General of the Imperial Army
- 陸軍少将・歩兵第4旅団長。
- In the same year, he held the rank of major general in Imperial Army and as a brigade commander was charged with the infantry's fourth division of the Imperial Army.
- そして、紀伊国に上陸した。
- She finally landed on the Kii Province.
- 母は蘇我赤兄の娘、常陸娘。
- Her mother was HITACHI no Iratsume, a daughter of SOGA no Akae.
- 7月3日 常陸平潟に上陸。
- August 20: this force lands in Hirakata in Hitachi Province.
- 日本陸上競技連盟第2種公認
- Authorized as Category 2 Athletics Stadium by the Japan Association of Athletics Federations
- 丹後海陸交通が走っている。
- Buses operated by Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd. runs across.
- 総大将:陸源範頼、海源義経
- Commanding generals: on land, MINAMOTO no Noriyori; at sea, MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune.
- 常陸介 : 中将の君の夫。
- Hitachi no suke (assistant governor of Hitachi Province): The husband of Chujo no Kimi.
- - 陸海軍大将を以て充てる。
- The Army General was assigned to the post.
- そして、上陸軍を揚げている。
- The army disembarked there.
- 陸軍省 明治10年2月13日
- In February 13, 1877: The Department of War
- 連隊長心得:川上操六陸軍少佐
- Assistant Regimental Commander: Soroku KAWAKAMI, Major of the Imperial Army
- 参謀副長:児玉源太郎陸軍少佐
- Deputy Chief of Staff: Gentaro KODAMA, Major of the Imperial Army
- 連隊長心得:乃木希典陸軍少佐
- Assistant Regimental Commander: Maresuke NOGI, Major of the Imperial Army
- その後は陸軍で職務に励んだ。
- Thereafter, he devoted himself to his duties in the Army.
- 暖かく乾燥した大陸性の気団。
- It is a warm and dry continental air mass.
- 常陸介の後ろ盾を求めていた。
- He had been seeking Hitachi no suke's support.
- 6月6日 海軍陸戦隊編成開始。
- June 6: The Naval Landing Forces began to be formed.
- - アメリカ軍、仁川広域市上陸
- The U.S. army landed in Incheon Metropolitan City.
- - 陸海軍佐尉官を以て充てる。
- An army or navy field officer, or company officer was appointed to the post.
- 5月5日、田ノ浦に官軍が上陸。
- On May 5, the government army landed at Tanoura.
- 常陸国の江戸氏は本姓は藤原氏。
- The real family name of the Edo clan of Hitachi Province was Fujiwara.
- 常陸宮正仁親王(1935年生)
- The Imperial Prince Hitachi no miya Masahito (born in 1935)
- アジア大陸諸国の皇太子・王太子
- Crown princes in Asian countries
- 帰国後は大日本帝国陸軍に勤務。
- After returning to Japan, he worked for Imperial Japanese Army.
- 松平頼隆(常陸府中藩初代藩主)
- Yoritaka MATSUDAIRA (the first lord of Hitachifuchu Domain)
- 藤原範季(陸奥守・式部権少輔)
- FUJIWARA no Norisue, who had titles of Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province) and Shikibu gonnoshosho (Junior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial).
- 常陸坊海尊…義経四天王の一人。
- Hitachibo Kaison: one of the Yoshitsune's four heavenly kings
- 常陸国府中(常府。石岡市の旧称)
- Fuchu, Hitachi Province (or Jofu for short) (the old name of Ishioka City)
- 大尉:川村景明陸軍大尉(-4月)
- Captain: Kageaki KAWAMURA, Captain of the Imperial Army (April -)
- 蒸気船に対し、陸蒸気と呼ばれる。
- Compared to the steamboat on the ocean, the steam locomotive was called 'Oka Joki.' (literally mean, the 'steam locomotive on the ground')
- 陸軍大将、大本営附、米国へ出発。
- In the same year, Prince Sadanaru was promoted to the General in the Imperial Japanese Army, then to severe in the Imperial headquarters, later would leave for the United States.
- 父宮の遺志を継いで、陸軍に進む。
- He started his career in the army following his father's will.
- 松平頼元(常陸額田藩主→守山藩)
- Yorimoto MATSUDAIRA (the lord of Nukada Domain in Hitachi Province [which was later relocated to become Moriyama Domain])
- 陸奥将軍府(福島県伊達郡霊山町)
- The General's Outpost in Mutsu (in the Ryozen machi, in Date gun of modern-day Fukushima Pref.)
- 小君 : 常陸介と中将の君の子。
- Kogimi: The daughter of Hitachi no suke and Chujo no Kimi.
- 大隊長:川村景明陸軍少佐(4月-)
- Battalion Commander: Kageaki KAWAMURA, Major of the Imperial Army (April -)
- 常照とは貞陸の出家後の法号である。
- Josho is the Buddhist name of Sadamichi given after he had become a priest.
- 6月12日に清国軍が牙山に上陸する。
- On June 12, the Qing force landed at Asan.
- - 陸海軍少将又は佐官を以て充てる。
- An army or navy major, or field officer was appointed to the post.
- 参謀:鮫島重雄陸軍工兵中尉(4月-)
- Staff Officer: Shigeo SAMEJIMA, First Lieutenant of kohei (military engineers) (April -)
- 薩軍の長囲策の破綻と官軍衝背軍の上陸
- Failure of the Drawn-Out Siege and Disembarkation of Shohaigun of the Government Army
- また、宗村を中村常陸二郎としている。
- Also, Munemura is identified as 中村常陸二郎.
- 小浜城 (陸奥国)(福島県二本松市)
- Obama Castle (Mutsu Province) (Nihonmatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture)
- Obama-jo Castle (Mutsu Province) (Nihonmatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture)
- 常陸江戸氏は、藤原秀郷那珂氏の一族。
- The Hitachi-Edo clan was a family of the Naka clan related to FUJIWARA no Hidesato.
- 1493年~1507年 - 伊勢貞陸
- 1493~1507 - Yoshioki OUCHI
- 1486年~1490年 - 伊勢貞陸
- 1486~1490 - Sadamichi ISE
- 近衛歩兵第4連隊長、任陸軍歩兵大佐。
- Then, he was promoted to Imperial Guard infantry fourth division regimental commander, holding the post of colonel in the infantry of the Imperial Army.
- 楠大典 『陸奥圓明流外伝 修羅の刻』
- Acted by Taiten KUSUNOKI 'Mutsu Enmei Ryugaiden Shura no Toki'.
- 水戸銭(みとせん):常陸国水戸で鋳造。
- Mito-sen: This coin was minted in Mito, Hitachi Province.
- 西郷が陸軍元帥と近衛都督を引き受ける。
- SAIGO took over the posts of the marshal and the commander of the imperial guard.
- 古史通にて高天原を常陸国多賀郡と比定。
- He identified Takamanohara with Taga District, Hitachi Province, by comparison in 'Koshitsu' (a history book written by Hakuseki ARAI).
- 海軍陸戦隊が旅順要塞への砲撃を開始した。
- The Naval amphibious forces shell the Lushun Fortress.
- 本丸跡は現在は完全に陸続きとなっている。
- At present, the place where the Honmaru stood is accessible by land.
- 同年7月山縣は陸軍中将・近衛都督を辞任。
- In July 1871, YAMAGATA resigned as a lieutenant general and the commander of imperial guards.
- 司令長官:大山巌陸軍少将(4月13日-)
- Commander in Chief: Iwao OYAMA, Major General of the Imperial Army (April 13 -)
- 参軍:山縣有朋陸軍中将・川村純義海軍中将
- Sangun: Lieutenant General of the Imperial Army Aritomo YAMAGATA and Vice Admiral of the Imperial Navy Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA
- - 伊達行宗(伊達行朝)の本拠→陸奥国府
- It was the headquarter of Yukimune DATE (Yukitomo DATE) and also where Mutsu kokufu (the provincial capital of Mutsu province) was placed.
- 左京区は京都における北陸への玄関である。
- Sakyo Ward is placed at the gateway to the Hokuriku region from Kyoto.
- 住江工業(陸運/海運用車両座席メーカー)
- Suminoe Industries (Maker of seats for land and sea transport vehicles)
- 明治6年(1873年) 陸軍幼年学校入学
- In 1873, Imperial Prince Fushimi Sadanaru entered the Army Cadet School.
- 高階経仲(右衛門佐・春宮権大進・常陸介)
- TAKASHINA no Tsunenaka, who possessed the titles of Uemon no suke (provisional captain of the Right Division of Outer Palace Guards), togu-gonnodaishin (official post of the affairs related to the imperial prince), and Hitachi no suke (the assistant governor of Hitachi Province).
- 国府の陸上交通のためには駅家が置かれた。
- 'Umaya' (facilities for providing horses, foods, etc.) were established for traffic over land.
- 3月15日、依願により三等陸軍将を免ず。
- March 15: Excused from service under the Third General of Army upon request.
- 朝鮮戦争の際には敵前上陸の演習が行われた。
- Opposed landing maneuvers were held there during the Korean War.
- 仙台銭(せんだいせん):陸奥国仙台で鋳造。
- Sendai-sen: This coin was minted in Sendai, Mutsu Province.
- 11月29日、山城屋和助が陸軍省内で自殺。
- On November 29, Wasuke YAMASHIROYA committed suicide inside the building of the Ministry of Army.
- 総督は海軍大将の斎藤を除く全てが陸軍大将。
- Each of the Sotoku except Saito, the Full Admiral, was the Army General.
- 明治初期の大日本帝国陸軍の主力小銃となる。
- It became the main rifle used by the Imperial Japanese Army in the early Meiji period.
- 司令長官:山田顕義陸軍少将(3月28日-)
- Commander in Chief: Akiyoshi YAMADA, Major General of the Imperial Army (March 28 -)
- 司令長官:曾我祐準陸軍少将(4月16日-)
- Commander in Chief: Sukenori SOGA, Major General of the Imperial Army (April 16 -)
- 司令長官:三浦梧楼陸軍少将(3月10日-)
- Commander in Chief: Goro MIURA, Major General of the Imperial Army (March 10 -)
- 次兄・津軽義孝は常陸宮妃華子の父に当たる。
- Her younger brother, Yoshitaka TSUGARU is the father of Princess Hitachi Hanako.
- このため徳川常陸介家と呼ばれることがある。
- Therefore, the Kishu Tokugawa family is also referred to as the Tokugawa Hitachi no Suke family in some cases.
- 1957年 陸上自衛隊大久保駐屯地を設置。
- 1957: The Okubo military station of Ground Self-defense Force was established.
- 大陸に渡りハルピンで徳永商会相談役となる。
- He went to the Chinese Continent and became an advisor of Tokunaga Shokai in Harbin.
- 閏4月24日、軍人として三等陸軍将に補す。
- April 24, leap month: Assigned to the Third General of Army as a soldier.
- そのため、北陸への出兵が最重要視されていた。
- Therefore, the dispatch of troops to Hokuriku was given paramount importance.
- 719年(養老3)天下の民戸に陸田を給する。
- In 719, fields were distributed among minko (private houses) all over Japan.
- 陸奥国の一族、遠野菊池氏は肥後菊池氏の一族。
- The Tono Kikuchi clan, a family settled in Mutsu Province, belonged to the Higo Kikuchi clan.
- 常陸国の一族、常陸菊池氏は肥後菊池氏の一族。
- The Hitachi Kikuchi clan, a family settled in Hitachi Province, belonged to the Higo Kikuchi clan.
- 深草に陸軍第16師団 (日本軍)が置かれる。
- The 16th Division of the Japanese army was stationed in Fukakusa.
- 明治17年(1884年) 陸軍歩兵中佐に昇進
- In 1884, Imperial Prince Fushimi Sadanaru was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the infantry of the Imperial Army.
- 松平義昌(大久保松平家=陸奥梁川藩初代藩主)
- Yoshimasa MATSUDAIRA (the founder of the Okubo Matsudaira family; the first lord of Yanagawa Domain in Mutsu Province)
- 義仲を恐れた朝廷は北陸道を宣旨から除外した。
- However, being afraid of Yoshinaka, the Imperial Court excluded the Hokurikudo from the decree.
- 母が結婚し、養父とともに下った常陸国で育つ。
- Her mother gets married, and she goes down to Hitachi Province with her stepfather and grows up there.
- 1925年には元陸軍大臣田中義一が総裁となる。
- In 1925, the former Minister of Army Giichi TANAKA became the president.
- 陸軍省大日記「大日記 壬申 7月 府県之部庚」
- The Diary of the Department of War: '大日記 壬申 7月 府県之部庚'
- 司令長官代理:黒川通軌陸軍大佐(4月15日-)
- Deputy Commander in Chief: Michinori KUROKAWA, Colonel of the Imperial Army (April 15 -)
- こうして官軍主力と鹿児島上陸軍の連絡がついた。
- In this way, the main government forces came into contact with their forces landed in Kagoshima.
- 正式には『陸海軍軍人に賜はりたる敕諭』という。
- Its formal name was 'The Imperial Rescript granted to Soldiers and Sailors.'
- 清和源氏、大和源氏源頼親流石川氏(陸奥石川氏)。
- A branch of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) or Yamato-Genji, MINAMOTO no Yorichika line Ishikawa clan (the Mutsu Ishikawa clan).
- 総督は日本の現役の陸軍大将か海軍大将が歴任した。
- The Sotoku position was held by the Japanese active-duty Army General or Admiral.
- 倭国軍は、三派に分かれて朝鮮半島南部に上陸した。
- The Wakoku force divided up into three groups and landed on the Korean Peninsula.
- 伊達氏初代は朝宗とし常陸入道念西は宗村している。
- The founder of the Date clan is recorded as Tomomune, and Hitachi-nyudo Nensai is identified as Munemura.
- 丹後海陸交通(丹海バス・本社・京都府・与謝野町)
- TANGO KAIRIKU KOTSU Co., Ltd. (Tankai Bus, headquartered in Yosano-cho, Kyoto Prefecture)
- 会津藩 - 陸奥斗南藩3万石に転封(23万石)。
- Aizu Domain: the territory was changed to Mutsu-Tonami Domain with 30 thousand goku (230 thousand goku).
- 3月14日 (旧暦)、陸奥国斗南藩に預替となる。
- March 14 (old calendar): Turned over to the custody of the Tonami Clan of Mutsu Province.
- 当時、陸相辞任の影響は非常に大きかったのである。
- Thus, at that time, the effect of the resignation of the Minister of the Army was very large.
- 1895年1月20日に日本陸軍は栄城湾に上陸する。
- On January 20, 1885, the Japanese Army landed at Rongcheng bay.
- 陸軍省は資金運用を理由として公金貸し付けを行った。
- The Ministry of Army lent the public money to him on grounds of fund management.
- 官位は元帥 (日本)陸軍大将菊花章金鵄勲章内大臣。
- The official court rank of the Imperial Prince Fushimi Sadanaru was general in the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), Orders of the Chrysanthemum, received the Golden Pheasant Kunsho (Medal), and Minister of the Interior.
- 皇子はその美しさにひかれて、近くの海岸に上陸した。
- Attracted by their beauty, he landed on the nearby seashore.
- なお、常陸谷田部藩は支藩ではなく、独立の藩である。
- The Hitachi Yatabe Domain was not a branch domain, but an independent domain.
- 牛久藩(うしくはん)は、常陸国河内郡に存在した藩。
- The Ushiku Domain was a feudal domain that lay in Kawachi County of Hitachi Province.
- しかし尊氏は陸奥の北畠軍に敗北し九州に落ち延びる。
- However, Takauji was defeated by the Kitabatake forces in Mutsu and fled to Kyushu.
- 峰山駅より丹後海陸交通バス乗車、所要30〜33分。
- Riding from Mineyama Station by a bus operated by Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd., takes thirty to thirty-three minutes to reach the beach.
- 網野駅より丹後海陸交通バス乗車、所要11〜14分。
- Riding from Amino Station by a bus operated by Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd., takes eleven to fourteen minutes to reach the beach.
- 北近畿タンゴ鉄道 宮津駅からバス(丹後海陸交通)。
- Bus operated by the TANGO KAIRIKU KOTSU Co., Ltd. from Miyazu Station of the Kitakinki Tango Railway
- 北近畿タンゴ鉄道 網野駅からバス(丹後海陸交通)。
- Bus operated by the TANGO KAIRIKU KOTSU Co., Ltd. from Amino Station of the Kitakinki Tango Railway
- 鉄道:JR北陸本線河毛駅下車、タクシーで約10分。
- Railway: From Kawake Station, JR Hokuriku Main Line, approximately 10 minutes by taxi.
- 旧陸上幕僚監部調査部調査第2課別室のシンボルマーク
- A symbol for the special room of Investigation Section II in Investigation Division in the old Ground Staff Office
- 開拓使が廃止されることになると、陸軍省に移管された。
- It was transferred to the Ministry of Army when the Hokkaido Development Commissioner was abolished.
- 秀吉は佐竹義重に常陸21万貫の所領安堵状を発給する。
- Hideyoshi issued a certificate for the land of Hitachi of 210,000 kan (787,500 kg) crop yields to Yoshishige SATAKE.
- また初代頼宣が常陸国に封じられ常陸介にも叙任された。
- The first family head, Yorinobu, was given a fief in Hitachi Province and appointed as Hitachi no Suke (the vice-governor of Hitach Province) to become a kunimochidaimyo (a daimyo [Japanese feudal lord] with a vast fiefdom).
- 松平通春(陸奥梁川藩主、のち尾張藩七代藩主徳川宗春)
- Michiharu MATSUDAIRA (the lord of Yanagawa Domain in Mutsu Province; later, the seventh lord of Owari Domain, Muneharu TOKUGAWA)
- 源義光の子・武田義清が常陸国那珂郡武田郷より起こる。
- It was founded by Toshikiyo TAKEDA, the son of MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu, in Takeda-go, Naka-gun, Hitachi Province.
- そのうちの一人が北陸地方に逃れて源義仲に助けられる。
- One of them, however, was able to flee into the Hokuriku region and was helped by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka.
- 4月27日 (旧暦)、陸奥国会津藩主の後継者となる。
- April 27 (old calendar): Became the successor to the Chief of the Aizu-han Clan of Mutsu Province.
- 他氏との混同を避けるために陸奥石川氏と呼ぶことが多い。
- The Ishikawa clan was often called the Mutsu Ishikawa clan so as not to be confused with other Ishikawa clans.
- 10月24日に大山巌大将率いる第2軍が金州に上陸する。
- On October 24, the second force led by General Iwao OYAMA landed at Jinzhou.
- 陸軍はその海軍の兵食改革(麦飯支給)に否定的であった。
- The army was skeptical about reforming food for solders (keaping barley rice) like the Navy did.
- 船は警戒を受けるが、結局上陸を果たし、交易に成功する。
- Although the vessel was alerted, they were eventually allowed to land and succeeded in trade.
- 近畿地方から北陸地方にかけての地域をテリトリーとした。
- The territory of the company were the Kinki and Hokuriku regions.
- 初代総督は樺山資紀で当初は陸海軍の将官が総督を務めた。
- The first governor-general was Sukenori KABAYAMA, and the general of Army and Navy filled the role of the governor-general at first.
- 大日本帝国全権弁理大臣 陸奥宗光(外務大臣 (日本))
- Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Munemitsu MUTSU (Minister of State for Foreign Affairs [Japan])
- 還俗後の諱(俗名)は「陸運(むつとき)」としたという。
- He was said to use 'Mutsutoki' as his secular name (imina) after he returned to secular life.
- 常陸国谷田部藩(茨城県つくば市)1万6200石の藩主。
- The family was the lord of the Yatabe Domain in Hitachi Province (Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture) with 16,000 koku.
- 長秀の孫の丹羽光重は陸奥国二本松藩の藩主となっている。
- Nagahide's grandchild, Mitsuhide NIWA, became the lord of the domain of Nihonmatsu, Mutsu-no-kuni.
- この動きに対して直義は北陸方面へ脱出して鎌倉へ逃げた。
- Sensing this conspiracy, Tadayoshi fled to the northern area and reached Kamakura.
- 陸奥守、内蔵頭、皇后宮大夫、参議、大宰大弐を歴任した。
- He successively served as Governor of Mutsu Province, Chief of the Bureau of Palace Storehouses, Senior Steward in the Office of the Empress's Household, Councilor, and Deputy Governor of Dazaifu in Kyushu.
- 家系は常陸平氏の平成幹の流れを汲むという平姓の芹沢氏。
- The SERIZAWA family has the surname of TAIRA and is said to descend from TAIRA no Narimoto of Hitachi Heishi.
- 遣唐使を度々送り、唐をはじめとする大陸の文物を導入した。
- Kentoshi (Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty China) were frequently dispatched and introduced the culture from the mainland (such as Tang China) to Japan.
- その権限は在朝鮮アメリカ陸軍司令部軍政庁に引き継がれた。
- Its authority was passed to the United States Army Military Government in Korea.
- 土佐勤皇党、海援隊 (浪士結社)、陸援隊、奇兵隊、赤報隊
- Tosaginno-to Party, Kaientai (an association of roshi organized by Ryoma SAKAMOTO), Rikuentai Army (an association of roshi organized by Shintaro NAKAOKA), Kiheitai Army, Sekihoutai Army
- 歴史上、武蔵国と常陸国で勢力を振るった氏族が有名である。
- In Japanese history, the Edo clan who were in power in Musashi and Hitachi Provinces are particularly well-known.
- 大陸浪人・馬賊として著名な伊達順之助は宗敦の6男である。
- Junnosuke DATE, a famous Tairiku-Ronin (those who lived or roamed around China or Korean Peninsula to promote their political activities) or Bazoku (mounted bandit), was the sixth son of Muneatsu DATE.
- その早い例は鳥坂城(鶏冠城)、そして常陸の真壁城である。
- Its early example was Tossaka-jo Castle (Tosaka-jo Castle) and Makabe-jo Castle of Hitachi Province.
- 天長年間に上総国、常陸国、上野国が親王任国に定められた。
- In the Tencho period (824 -834), Kazusa Province, Hitachi Province and Kozuke Province were assigned to shinno-ninkoku (see below).
- 当の『古事記』に陸上の産屋の中で子を産む和邇の話がある。
- In the 'Kojiki,' there is a story of a wani giving birth in a birthing room on land.
- 陸軍はこれを村田銃と命名して全軍の小銃の切り替えを進めた。
- The Army named it the Murata rifle and they replaced conventional ones in the entire Army.
- 最終的に陸軍は、罹患者・約4万人、病死者・数千人であった。
- About 40,000 solders suffered from the disease and thousands of solders died of the disease.
- 司令長官:小松宮彰仁親王陸軍少将(明治10年5月29日-)
- Commander in Chief: Imperial Prince Komatsunomiya Akihito, Major General of the Imperial Army (May 29, 1877 -)
- 伊達初代も常陸入道念西も宗村とし、宗村の前名を頼宗とする。
- The founder of the Date clan and Hitachi-nyudo Nensai are identified as Munemura, and the previous name of Munemura is described as Yorimune.
- 伊達氏初代も常陸入道念西も宗村とし、二代を義広としている。
- Both the founder of the Date clan and Hitachi-nyudo Nensai are identified as Munemura and the second family head is described as Yoshihiro.
- 安倍氏(あべ し)は平安時代の陸奥国(後の陸中国)の豪族。
- The Abe clan was a Gozoku (local ruling family) in Mutsu Province (later Rikuchu Province, and Oshu is another name of Mutsu Province) who lived during the Heian period.
- 俊章は貴族院_(日本)、陸軍少将、山形県知事などを務めた。
- Toshiaya filled various posts including as a member of Kizokuin (the House of Peers), Army Major General and the Governor of Yamagata Prefecture.
- 親王・王‐満18歳に達した後に、原則、陸軍又は海軍の武官。
- Imperial Princes and Princes: in principle, military officer of the Army or Navy upon their 18th birthdays.
- 2月11日 (旧暦)、京都守護職を免じ、陸軍総裁職に補任。
- February 11 (old calendar): Resigned as Kyoto Shugoshoku and was appointed Rikugun Sosaishoku (Commander of the Army).
- 故常陸の宮家に縁があり、その姫(末摘花)を源氏に紹介した。
- She had a connection with the late Prince Hitachi's family, and introduced Genji to the princess there (Suetsumuhana).
- この大陸侵攻・朝鮮出兵は戦争途中で秀吉の死によって終結する。
- The invasion of the Asian continent and the dispatch of troops to Korea finished upon Hideyoshi's death.
- 山城屋は公金返済が不可能であったため、陸軍省内部で割腹自殺。
- Since YAMASHIROYA was unable to repay the public money, he committed suicide through disembowelment inside the building of the Ministry of Army.
- また、前期には東北地方・北陸地方を中心に超大型住居が現れる。
- Additionally, super-sized structures were built mainly in the Tohoku and Hokuriku regions in the first half of the period.
- 旧幕府軍は陸軍と海軍に分かれ、以下のような組織となっていた。
- The Old Bakufu was separated into Army and Navy taking the organization as follows.
- 6日、黒川通軌大佐率いる別働第4旅団が宇土戸口浦に上陸した。
- On April 6, the detached 4th brigade led by Colonel Michinori Kurokawa landed at Toguchiura in Uto.
- 伊佐氏 (常陸国)の居城、藤原実宗(伊達氏の遠祖)が築城か。
- The Isa Castle was the main castle of the Isa clan, and the Castle is said to have been built by FUJIWARA no Sanemune (a forefather of the Date clan)
- 鎮守府古代 鎮守府: 古代の陸奥国に置かれた軍政を司る機関。
- Chinju-fu Kodai Chinju-fu (Ancient military base): An organization to control the military based in the ancient Mutsu Province.
- 隆謌の次の四条隆愛(たかちか)も陸軍に入り、騎兵少佐となる。
- Takachika SHIJO, Takauta's son, also joined the army and became a lieutenant commander in the cavalry.
- 時行の挙兵に応じて北陸地方では北条一族の名越時兼が挙兵する。
- In the Hokuriku region, Tokikane NAGOSHI, a member of the Hojo clan, raised an army in response to Tokiyuki.
- おもに東岸部では、朝鮮半島や中国大陸などからの漂着物が多い。
- A variety of things from the Korean Peninsula and mainland China are washed ashore on the eastern coast of the peninsula.
- 16日、西郷は解軍の令を出し、書類・陸軍大将の軍服を焼いた。
- Saigo issued a command of dissolution of the army on the 16th, and burned the documents and his full general military uniform.
- 軍令機関が陸海軍並列対等となった初めての戦争であることに留意。
- It should be noted that this was the first war in which military commanders issued directives towards and between the Army and the Navy on a parallel and equal basis.
- 4月12日、釜山に上陸した日本軍は翌13日より攻撃を開始した。
- The Japanese army landed in Busan on May 23 and commenced attack from the next day, on May 24.
- これに対して、上原勇作陸軍大臣が、単独で帷幄上奏して辞職した。
- In response to this, War Minister Yusaku UEHARA acted as iaku-joso (to make comments on military affairs to the Emperor with full responsibility of the results) and resigned.
- 中国大陸の高度な文明制度を取り入れて、本格的な国家が誕生した。
- The genuine nation launched adopting highly-civilized system from mainland China.
- 屯田兵に募集に関する陸軍省告示 明治23年(1890年)10月
- Notification of the Ministry of Army Concerning Recruitment in October, 1890
- 追ってきた唐水軍の一部は日本に上陸し、侵攻したとする説もある。
- There is a theory that some of the Tang sea warriors reached Japan and invaded the country.
- 台湾総督府の設立当初は民政、陸軍、海軍の3局が設置されていた。
- In its early days, the Sotoku-fu was composed of three bureaus: Home Affairs, Army, and Navy.
- 黒田清隆中将が参軍となり、この上陸衝背軍を指揮することにした。
- Lieutenant General Kiyotaka KURODA was appointed to Sangun to command the Shohaigun, which is to disembark.
- 南北朝時代_(日本)に常陸国に下って山内上杉家の家臣となった。
- They went to Hitachi Province, and became a vassal of the Yamanouchi-Uesugi family in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 明治14年(1881年) 陸軍歩兵少佐に昇進、大日本山林会総裁
- In 1881, Imperial Prince Fushimi Sadanaru was promoted the rank of major in the infantry of the Imperial Army; he then became the president of The Dai Nihon Sanrinkai (The Japan Forestry Association).
- 一時は上野国まで進んだが頼朝とは合流せずに北陸方面へ転進する。
- At one point, he progressed to Kozuke Province, but did not join Yoritomo and went towards the Hokuriku region.
- 義仲は北陸道への脱出をはかるが、これへ範頼の大軍が襲いかかる。
- Yoshinaka attempted to escape to Hokuriku-do (northern prefectures), but was attacked by Noriyori's enormous army.
- 親王任国に充てられたのは、常陸国、上総国、上野国の3国である。
- Provinces which were designated as Shinno-ningoku were Hitachi Province, Kazusa Province and Kozuke Province.
- ここで誰も居なくなった和田岬から、悠々と尊氏の本隊が上陸した。
- The main body of Takauji's forces landed unchallenged at Wadamisaki which had been abandoned by all opposition.
- 陸奥介坂上好蔭(坂上田村麻呂の曾孫)とともに出羽国へ向かった。
- Yasunori left for Dewa Province along with Mutsu no Suke (Deputy Governor of Mutsu Province) and a great-grandson of SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro, SAKANOUE no Yoshikage.
- 滋賀県(しがけん)は、琵琶湖を取り囲んでいる近畿地方の内陸県。
- Shiga, in the Kinki region, is an inland prefecture that encompasses Lake Biwa (Biwako).
- また陸上交通は、巨椋池を避けるように盆地の外縁部を通っていた。
- Overland traffic went through the outer edge of the basin as if to avoid Ogura-ike Pond.
- 夏暑く、冬は寒い、また雨が少ない盆地特有の内陸性の気候である。
- It has an inland climate, hot in summer, cold in winter and little rain, typical of a basin.
- 当時、平家方は内陸の拠点を失い、弓箭の補給もままならなかった。
- At that time, after having lost its inland base, the Taira family side was suffering from the shortage of arrows and other supplies.
- 陸上交通:五街道(東海道、中山道、日光街道、甲州街道、奥州街道)
- Land transport: the five main highways (gokaido) (Tokai-do Road, Nakasen-do Road, Nikko-kaido Road, Koshu-kaido Road, and Oshu-kaido Road)
- 戦後も小池が辞任するまで『医海時報』に陸軍批判の投稿がつづいた。
- Even after the war, articles criticizing the Army continued to be published in the 'Ikai Jiho' (Medical Newsletter) until Koike's resignation.
- 6月6日、乃木希典大将率いる第3軍 (日本軍)が大連に上陸した。
- On July 6th, the IJA Third Army led by General Maresuke NOGI landed in Dalian.
- 禅僧の往来による、宋学、医術、印刷術、陶芸、水墨画などの大陸文化
- Continent culture introduced by Zen monks such as the Sung Study (Neo-Confucian), medicine, printing art, ceramic art and ink-wash painting.
- その後、室町時代になると陸の権力が海にも次第に及ぶようになった。
- After that, during the Muromachi period the power on the land gradually began to reach the power on the sea.
- ただし陸奥国では、一軍団の数が千人を越えたと思われる時期がある。
- However, in Mutsu Province, 1 Gundan seemed to have more than 1,000 soldiers at one period.
- これにより、陸海軍省ともに、大臣を武官に限るとの定めをなくした。
- This also removed the rule for both the Department of War and the Navy that only a military officer could be installed as a minister.
- また新大陸発見で世界的なインフレーション(価格革命)が発生した。
- Moreover, inflation (price revolution) on a global scale broke out following the discovery of the New World.
- 南蛮貿易に関係のない内陸部などでもキリシタン大名は増えていった。
- The number of Christian daimyo continued to increase, even in landlocked regions and other areas unconnected the trade with Spain and Portugal.
- 伊達氏初代も常陸入道念西も朝宗とし、二代を為重=宗村としている。
- Both the founder of the Date clan and Hitachi-nyudo Nensai are identified as Tomomune DATE, and the second family head is described as Tameshige who is identified as Munemura DATE.
- 明治31年(1898年) 陸軍中将・姫路第10師団 (日本軍)長
- In 1898, it was at this time that Prince Sadanaru received promotion to lieutenant general of the Imperial Army and appointed commander of the Himeji tenth division (Japanese Imperial Army).
- 昭和天皇にも面白さを紹介、弟の常陸宮などとも対局したと言われる。
- Not only he explained to the Emperor Showa how interesting the game is, but also he is said to have played Mah-jong with his younger brother, Hitachi-no-miya and others.
- 中世には朝鮮半島や大陸との交易で栄え、日本海交易が発達していた。
- During the Medieval Period, these Sanshin-shichiso flourished through trading with the Korean Peninsula and the Chinese continent when the Japan Sea Trade was active.
- このような行政区画以外にも、東国・坂東と陸奥国・出羽国があった。
- In addition to these administrative areas, there were also Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) and Bando (old Kanto region) as well as Mutsu Province and Dewa Province.
- 特に大日本帝国陸軍では、将兵は全文暗誦できることが当然とされた。
- It was taken for granted that officers and soldiers in Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) in particular recited all the sentences.
- 明治2年(1869)4月9日、新政府軍が蝦夷地乙部に上陸を開始。
- On April 9, 1869, the army of the new government started to land in Otobe, Ezo.
- 長州兵約700名も29日に摂津打出浜に上陸して、西宮に進出した。
- About seven hundred Choshu soldiers landed at Settsu Uchidehama on 29th, then moved to Nishinomiya.
- 統帥権を独立させ、陸海軍は議会や政府に対し一切責任を負わないこと。
- The supreme command should be independent, and the army and navy had no responsibility for the assembly and the government.
- 第16師団(だいじゅうろくしだん)は、大日本帝国陸軍の師団の一つ。
- The Sixteenth Division was one of the divisions of the Imperial Japanese Army.
- 4月、山縣が山城屋事件に関する司法省の追及を受けて陸軍大輔を辞任。
- In April, YAMAGATA resigned as vice-minister of Army due to the ongoing internal investigation of the Yamashiroya Incident by Ministry of Justice.
- 「陸海空軍その他の戦力は、これを保持しない。」(日本国憲法第9条)
- Army-Navy-Air Force, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained.' (Japanese Constitution, article 9)
- なお、皇太子は陸海軍少尉に任官、近衛師団に入隊するのが常であった。
- Meanwhile, with the appointment to the second lieutenant of Army and Navy, the Crown Prince customarily enlisted in the Guards Division.
- その他、遣唐使がもたらした大陸文化に影響を受けた天平文化が栄えた。
- In addition, Tenpyo culture (culture in the Tenpyo era), affected by the continental culture brought to Japan through Kento-shi (Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty China), flourished
- 737年(天平9)陸奥(むつ)と出羽(でわ)とを結ぶ道が開かれた。
- A road connecting Mutsu and Dewa was opened in the year 737.
- 陸軍とは対照的に麦飯を用いた海軍では、脚気死亡者がほとんどなかった。
- In stark contrast to the Army, the Navy which rationed its sailors rice with barley had almost no deaths due to beriberi.
- 朝廷は、義仲に配慮して北陸道は除いたものの、頼朝の要求をほぼ認めた。
- The Imperial Court capitulated to the majority of Yoritomo's requests with the exception of Hokuriku-do out of consideration for Yoshinaka.
- その直後から加賀国・能登国・若狭国の北陸豪族達が反乱活動を開始する。
- Immediately afterwards, powerful families in the Hokuriku region (including Kaga Province, Noto Province and Wakasa Province) began to rebel.
- ついで、8月平通盛・平経正が追討使として北陸に出陣する(『吉記』)。
- Following this, TAIRA no Michimori and TAIRA no Tsunemasa departed for Hokuriku as envoys for the search and kill expedition in September or October (August by the old lunar calendar) ('Kikki' (a diary by Tsunefusa YOSHIDA)).
- 首府マニラが新大陸とのガレオン貿易の要港で、中国船の来航も多かった。
- Its capital, Manila, was the strategic port of the galleon trade with the New World, and many Chinese ships arrived there.
- そして警固衆を陸上の土豪や国人と同じように家臣団に組み入れていった。
- And they incorporated kegoshu as well as dogo (local clan) and kokujin (local samurai) into their group of vassals.
- 博多湾西部から上陸した兵は、麁原(現在の祖原山)、別府に陣を構えた。
- The soldiers having disembarked at the western part of Hakata Bay took a position at Sohara (now Mt. Sohara) and Beppu.
- (陸稲は約3500年前から存在。約6000年前からという説もある。)
- (It is said that upland rice has existed for about 3500 years, but there is another theory of about 6000 years.)
- 明治4年(1871年)に横浜港を船で出発し、サンフランシスコに上陸。
- They left Yokohama Port by ship in 1871, landing on San Francisco.
- 司令長官:大山巌陸軍少将(2月27日-)・高島鞆之助(3月28日-)
- Commander in Chief: Iwao OYAMA, Major General of the Imperial Army (February 27 -), and Tomonosuke TAKASHIMA (March 28 -)
- 1898年(明治31年) - 旧陸軍歩兵第20連隊が駐屯開始をする。
- 1898: The twentieth Infantry Regiment of the Imperial Japanese Army is stationed.
- 那珂氏は平安時代末期に那珂郡に本拠地を置き、常陸の豪族として栄えた。
- Based in Naka County at the end of the Heian Period, the Naka clan was a powerful local ruling family in Hitachi.
- 明治22年(1889年) 陸軍少将に昇進、第3回内国勧業博覧会総裁。
- In 1889, Imperial Prince Fushimi Sadanaru was promoted to the rank of major general of Imperial Army, that same year he became a president of The Third National Industrial Exhibitions.
- 昭和16年、陸軍に採用された戦闘機は一式戦闘機(通称隼)としている。
- In 1941, the fighter employed by the Army was named as Type 1 fighter (commonly called as Hayabusa (falcon)).
- 寿永2年(1183年)7月、北陸道での敗戦により平家が京を脱出した。
- In July, 1183, Heike escaped from Kyo (the imperial capital) due to the defeat in the battle at Hokurikudo (an old Japanese geographical region situated along the northwestern edge of Honshu).
- 中国大陸方面では北の揚子江気団と南の熱帯モンスーン気団がせめぎあう。
- In the Mainland China area, the Yangzi jiang air mass in the north and the tropical monsoon air mass in the south struggle with each other.
- 江戸時代には、内陸から耳川で運ばれた木材などの積換え港として栄えた。
- In the Edo period Mimitsu flourished as the port where wood brought from the inland along Mimi-kawa River was reloaded.
- これらの暴発は、陸軍総裁勝海舟の暗黙の承認や支援を得て行われていた。
- Kaishu KATSU, the Rikugun Sosai was cognizant of the spontaneous battles fought by the individually formed army units, and from this tacit understanding he came to support the battles of the individual units.
- 他にも日本の禅僧が貿易船に便乗して中国大陸に渡り修行する例もあった。
- Also, there were cases of Japanese Zen monks to hitch rides on merchant ships and migrate to the Chinese continent to undergo training.
- 834年には、元は陸奥国印を使っていたのが新たに鎮守府印を賜っている。
- The official seal of Mutsu Province had been used in the Chinju-fu but in 834 an official seal of the Chinju-fu was created and supplied.
- 三男:源義光は、甲斐源氏・常陸源氏の祖となり、武田氏・佐竹氏などの祖。
- The third son: MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu became the founder of Kai-Genji and Hitachi-Genji, which are the ancestor of such clans as Takeda and Satake.
- この借金の背景には、陸軍省保管の現銀が価格低落を被っていたことがある。
- The background of this borrowings was the declined price of silver coins kept by the Ministry of Army.
- 同時に陸で唐・新羅の軍は倭国・百済の軍を破り、百済復興勢力は崩壊した。
- At the same time, the Silla-Tang allied forces beat the land forces of Wakoku and Kudara, resulting in the demise of the Kudara restoration force.
- 伊達初代も常陸入道念西も宗村とし、二代は為重、三代はその子義広とする。
- The founder of the Date clan and Hitachi-nyudo Nensai are identified as Munemura, and the second family head is described as Tameshige, and the third family head is described as Yoshihiro, son of Tameshige.
- 田村氏…陸奥国田村郡に起こり坂上浄野の曾孫の田村古哲にはじまるという。
- The Tamura Clan - originated from 古哲 Tamura, who was the great-grandson of SAKANOUE no Kiyono, in Tamura-gun, Mutsu Province.
- 明治8年(1875年) 陸軍士官学校 (日本)入学、第一王子博恭王誕生
- In 1875, Imperial Prince Fushimi Sadanaru entered The Imperial Japanese Army Academy; it was at this time his first prince (son) was born, named Prince Hiroyasu.
- 天平10年(738年)には、北陸道と南海道を除く諸道で健児を停止した。
- In 738, the operation of kondei was totally suspended in all regions except for the Hokuriku-do and the Nankai-do Regions.
- 江戸幕府が倒れた近代以降、明治新政府の下で陸軍省・海軍省が設置された。
- In early modern times following the collapse of the Edo bakufu, the Meiji new government created the Ministries of War and Navy.
- 浮舟がその実の娘でないと知って婚約破棄、常陸介の実の娘と婚約し直した。
- After he learned that Ukifune was not the biological daughter of Hitachi no suke, he broke off his engagement with her and made another engagement with Hitachi no suke's biological daughter.
- 『御伽草子』では龍宮は海中ではなく、島か大陸にあるように書かれている。
- In 'Otogi zoshi' Ryugu was described not as somewhere in the sea but on an island or continent.
- 山岡は西郷を知らなかったこともあり、まず陸軍総裁勝海舟の邸を訪問する。
- Since Yamaoka would not have a chance to meet with Saigo, Yamaoka first visited the residence of Kaishu KATSU, Rikugun Sosai.
- 西海道は大陸との外交・防衛上の重要性から大宰府が置かれて諸国を管轄した。
- The Saikaido was so important to diplomacy with and security against the continent that Dazaifu was located there to control provinces.
- さらにニコライ2世やアレクセイ・クロパトキン陸軍大臣も主戦論に同調した。
- Furthermore, both Nicholai II and the Minister of the Army, Aleksei Kuropatkin advocated war.
- 陸続きの部分に三の丸を配し、二の丸・北の丸・本丸が琵琶湖に突出していた。
- While the Sannomaru (outer part of the castle) was situated inland, the Ninomaru (second bailey), the Kita-no-maru (north compartment of the castle), and the Honmaru (the keep of a castle) were built over and into the water.
- そこに山城屋の一件を聞いた陸軍省会計監督・種田政明が密かに調査を始めた。
- Moreover, Masaaki TANEDA, the accounting manager of Ministry of Army, heard the news on YAMASHIROYA and started investigation secretly.
- 朱熹の主張する学説は性即理説といわれ、陸象山の学説心即理説と対比された。
- The theory advocated by Hsi CHU was called the Seisokuri setsu and compared with the theory by Xiangshan LU, the Shinsokuri setsu (Chinese philosophical theory in which it is believed that one's mind is the law of moral acts).
- 667年、天智天皇は都を難波から内陸の大津京へ移し、防衛網を完成させた。
- In 667, Emperor Tenchi transferred the capital from Naniwa to Otsu-kyo on the inland side, and completed construction of the defensive lines.
- 常陸入道念西を朝宗としているが、有宗が早世したから宗村が襲封したとある。
- Hitachi-nyudo Nensai is identified as Tomomune, and it says that Munemura succeeded the reign of the clan as Arimune died young.
- また陸軍演習場も備えており京都府と兵庫県の北部を警備担任区域としている。
- Additionally, a practice ground for the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force was also built, and Kyoto Prefecture and the northern part of Hyogo Prefecture have been designated as a security area.
- 同年、政宗の十男・伊達宗勝が仙台藩より3万石を分知され陸奥一関藩を立藩。
- In the same year, the tenth child of Masamune, Munekatsu DATE, was allowed to have a portion of the Sendai Domain (30,000 goku) and founded the Mutsu-Ichinoseki Domain.
- 内陸部の世屋高原には近畿有数のブナ林が広がり、大江山は鬼伝説で知られる。
- The inland Seya highland area contains one of the largest Japanese beech forests in the Kinki region while Mt. Oe is famous for legends about ogres.
- 全域が内陸性気候で、北部は日本海側気候、南部は瀬戸内海式気候を併せ持つ。
- The entire area of the prefecture has inland climate, and nothern area and southern area also have climate of Japan Sea area and Seto Inland Sea climate, respectively.
- この年は、源頼義が陸奥の安倍貞任を討ち、前九年の役が終結した翌年である。
- The following year MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi defeated Sadato ABE in Mutsu and the Zen Kunen no Eki (Former Nine Years' War) came to an end.
- 新政府軍は上野戦争で彰義隊を駆逐して江戸を制圧すると北陸地方へ進軍する。
- The army of the new government routed the Shogi-tai in the Battle of Ueno, gained control of Edo, and took the war to the Hokuriku region.
- (陸奥平定後は『古事記』同様に、甲斐酒折宮へ入り、「新治…」を詠んだ。)
- (After he subdued Mutsu, he went to the Sakaorimiya in Kai and composed the poem above just as in the 'Kojiki.')
- また、この3年で3回陸軍士官学校 (日本)を受験するが、不合格に終わる。
- In addition, he tried to take the examination for the Military Academy (Japan) three times during these three years, but failed.
- 末摘花_(源氏物語)(すえつむはな) : 常陸宮(ひたちのみや)の姫君。
- Suetsumuhana: The princess of Prince Hitachi.
- 西南戦争後も西郷は中国大陸に逃れて生存しているという風聞が広まっていた。
- Rumor had it that Saigo escaped to China and the continent and still alive after Seinan War was spread.
- 清は6月7日には日本に派兵を通告し12日に900名の軍隊が牙山に上陸した。
- Qing informed Japan of the dispatch of the troops on June 7, and 900 soldiers landed at Asan on the 12th.
- ちなみに1882年の朝清商民水陸貿易章程では清の宗主権が明文化されている。
- As a side note, Korea-Qing Land and Commercial Sea Activity Treaty singed in 1882 explicitly expressed Qing's suzerainty.
- 759年には、将軍以下の俸料と付人の給付が、陸奥の国司と同じと決められた。
- In 759, it was decided that payment of remuneration and provision of servants for the shogun and for his subordinate officers should be the same as those for Kokushi (provincial governor) of Mutsu Province.
- 議題は平氏追討の勧賞・京中の狼藉・関東北陸荘園への使者派遣についてだった。
- The agendas were praise and encouragement of searching and killing the Taira clan, violence in the capital and dispatching an envoy to shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in Kanto and Hokuriku regions.
- 北陸方面の平定には、越前国敦賀の大名である大谷吉継が担当することとなった。
- Yoshitsugu OTANI, who was a daimyo in Tsuruga, Echizen Province, assisted with the suppression of the Hokuriku area.
- 水稲農耕とともに大陸からもたらされた新しい集落の境界施設と考えられている。
- The use of moat is thought to have been introduced to Japan from the Chinese continent along with wet-rice cultivation, forming a new style of village boundary.
- ニコライの一行は長崎と鹿児島に立ち寄った後に神戸市に上陸、京都に向かった。
- Nicholas's fleet first called in Kagoshima, then Nagasaki, and then Kobe.
- 陸上部隊は、唐の将、孫仁師、劉仁原及び新羅王の金法敏(文武王)が指揮した。
- The land forces were commanded by the Tang generals Sonjinshi and Ryujingen as well as by Silla's Kimhobin (King Munmu).
- しかし、27日に上陸して本営を設けた川村参軍は情勢を判断して増援を求めた。
- Yet, having landed and established the headquarters in Kagoshima on April 27, Sangun KAWAMURA made a request for reinforcements based on his estimation of the situation.
- さらに、同時期に陸奥国在住で後に権守となった藤原説貞と同格に扱われている。
- Moreover, in this document, Tsunekiyo was treated on an equal basis with FUJIWARA no Tokisada, who resided in Mutsu Province around the time and later became Gon no kami (a provisional governor).
- 伊達氏は一介の国人領主といえども、大国 陸奥国にあって有力な武家であった。
- Even though the Date clan was no more than a kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lord), it rose as an influential samurai family of Mutsu Province, one of the major provinces of Japan.
- 奥州藤原氏の滅亡後、鎌倉幕府は関東の武士を送り込んで陸奥・出羽を支配した。
- After the destruction of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan, Kamakura bakufu took over the Mutsu and Dewa provinces by sending samurai into the Kanto region.
- その後、義仲を頼って来た以仁王の子(北陸宮)を推戴し、北陸一帯を平定した。
- Later, Prince Mochihito's son (Hokurokunomiya), who sought out Yoshinaka, was crowned and the Hokuriku area was brought under his control.
- さかのぼって同年前半、常陸の源義広 (志田三郎先生)が反頼朝の兵を挙げた。
- Going back to the first half of the same year, MINAMOTO no Yoshihiro (Shida Saburo Senjo) in Hitachi Province took up arms against Yoritomo.
- 管国は関東地方と伊豆国・甲斐国で、1392年に陸奥国・出羽国が追加された。
- Its original jurisdiction included the Kanto region, Izu Province and Kai Province, and Mutsu Province and Dewa province were added in 1392.
- それ以外の島周辺の海底は水深100m程度の平坦な大陸棚地形を形成している。
- Other parts of the sea floor around the island form a flat continental shelf approx. 100m below the surface of the sea.
- 代わって中国大陸には暖かく乾燥した揚子江気団ができ始め、勢力を強めていく。
- Instead of it, warm and dry Yangzi jiang air mass begins to be spawned and increases its strength.
- 市内全域を、丹後海陸交通(丹海バス・本社:京都府与謝野町)が担当している。
- Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd. (Tankai Bus, the central ofice: Yosano-cho, Kyoto Prefecture) was in charge of the entire city.
- この演習により、ダグラス・マッカーサーは仁川上陸作戦を成功させたといわれる。
- It is said that those maneuvers led to the success of General Douglas MacArthur's Incheon landing operation.
- ロシア側 黄海の制海権確保の前提に基づき、日本側の上陸を朝鮮半島南部と想定。
- Russia-side: Premised on their capability to maintain naval superiority on the Yellow Sea, Russia assumed that the Japanese would land their forces on the southern Korean Peninsula.
- 北陸方面:柴田勝家を方面軍総司令官として、与力に前田利家や佐々成政らを配属。
- Hokuriku region: Katsuie SHIBATA was appointed as commander in chief of the region, and Toshiie MAEDA and Narimasa SASSA were assigned as yoriki (mounted warrior belonging to a general in the Sengoku period).
- こうした背景の中、藩閥出身で陸軍の影響力が強い第三次桂太郎内閣が組閣された。
- The third administration of Taro KATSURA, a member of the Meiji oligarchy representing dominant former feudal domains and strongly influenced by the Japanese Imperial Army, was formed under these circumstances.
- 後には人口が多い平民が主流になり、その出身地は東北と北陸地方とが多くなった。
- In later years, the mainstream of immigrants was shifted to commoners, the most populous social class, from Tohoku and Hokuriku regions.
- 20日には黒田清隆参軍率いる1箇大隊半と警視隊500名余が日奈久に上陸した。
- On February 20, one and a half battalions led by Sangun Kiyotaka KURODA and the Keishi-tai troop of more than 500 strong disembarked at Hinagu.
- 1695年綱村の二男・伊達村和が仙台藩より3万石を分知され陸奥水沢藩を立藩。
- In 1695, the second son of Tsunamura, Murayori DATE, was allowed to have a portion of Sendai Domain (30,000 goku) and founded the Mutsu-Mizusawa Domain.
- 藤孝の後、和泉上守護家の流れは次男・細川興元が継ぎ常陸谷田部藩の祖となった。
- After Fujitaka, the second son Okimoto HOSOKAWA succeeded the line of the Shugo family of upper Izumi Province, and became the founder of the Hitachi Yatabe clan.
- これに対抗するため、幕府は関東や陸奥の有力国人を京都扶持衆として直臣化した。
- To compete with such power, Bakufu directly hired strong local persons in the land of Kanto and Mutsu, as Kyoto Fuchi-shu.
- 内陸性気候、それに併せて市南部は瀬戸内海式気候、市北部は日本海側気候を示す。
- It has Inland climate as well as Seto Inland Sea climate in the south and Japan Sea area climate in the north.
- 10月20日、蝦夷地鷲の木に上陸後、歳三は間道軍総督となり五稜郭へ向かった。
- After landing on Washinoki of Ezo on October 20th, Toshizo became General of Kando Army and headed for Goryokaku.
- 中国大陸では1斤=500グラムと定められたため、1担=50キログラムとなる。
- AS one kin was determined equivalent to 500 g in the mainland China, one tan is equivalent to 50 kg.
- 鎮守府(ちんじゅふ)は、陸奥国に置かれた古代日本における軍政を司る役所である。
- Chinju-fu is an office in charge of military affairs in ancient Japan, located in Mutsu Province.
- そのうえで、海軍陸戦隊と海兵隊大日本帝国陸海軍を上陸させて第2砲台を放火した。
- Then they sent Naval Landing Forces and Marine Corps and Landing Forces of the Empire of Japan to set fire to the second gun battery.
- 環濠集落は稲作文化と同時に大陸から伝来し、列島東部へ波及したと考えられている。
- The moat settlement is thought to have introduced to Japan from the Chinese continent along with wet-rice cultivation, spreading eastward on the archipelago.
- これに対して日本政府は遠隔地での兵站確保は困難であるとして陸軍の派遣は断った。
- The Japanese Government refused the request for the dispatch of the army saying that it was difficult to maintain military depots in such distant places.
- 唐・新羅連合軍は、水陸併進して、倭国・百済連合軍を一挙に撃滅することに決めた。
- The Silla-Tang allied forces decided to wipe out the allied forces of Wakoku and Kudara in one blow by simultaneously advancing via land and sea.
- 伊達氏初代も常陸入道念西も宗村とし、二代は資宗=義広とし、三代に時綱を挙げる。
- Both the founder of the Date clan and Hitachi-nyudo Nensai are identified as Munemura, and the second family head is described as Sukemune who is identified as Yoshihiro, and the third family head is described as Tokitsuna.
- この八田一族からは、主に常陸国、肥前国の小田氏や安芸国の宍戸氏などが輩出する。
- This Hatta family produced the Oda clans in Hitachi Province and Hizen Province and the Shishido clan in Aki Province in particular.
- 北側の傘松公園へは丹後海陸交通のバス・観光船などで一の宮へ行き徒歩で府中駅へ。
- To get to Kasamatsu Park on the north side, take the Tango Kairiku Kotsu Bus or Tour Boat to Ichinomiya and walk toward Fuchu Station.
- その故事にちなみ、紀伊国へ移封されたのちも頼宣の子孫は代々常陸介に叙任された。
- Because of this, successors of Yorinobu were appointed Hitachi no Suke for generations although his fief was later moved to Kii Province.
- 1629年、幕府は、沢庵ら幕府に反抗した高僧を出羽国や陸奥国への流罪に処した。
- In 1629, the bakufu exiled Takuan and other high priests who rebelled against the bakufu to the Provinces of Dewa and Mutsu.
- 漫画『陸奥圓明流外伝 修羅の刻 織田信長編』において、雑賀党鈴木氏の家紋として
- As a crest of the Saigato Suzuki clan in a comic book of 'Mutsu Enmeiryu Gaiden Shura no Toki, Oda Nobunaga' (a side story of Mutsu Enmei School, a period of carnage, Nobunaga ODA version)
- なお『茶経』の作者とされる陸羽にちなんだものだという説も一部にあるようである。
- There is another presumption that the name came from Lu Yu, who is considered to be the author of 'The Classic of Tea.'
- 氏郷は郷安を寵愛し、岩瀬郡の長沼城 (陸奥国)に3万5000石を与えて厚遇した。
- Ujisato favored Satoyasu and granted him the estate of Naganumajo Castle in Iwase District (Mutsu Province) with 35,000 koku (6,314 cubic meters of rice-crop yield).
- さらに多数の軍船を揃えて小西行長を水軍の将とし、海陸両面から根来・雑賀を攻めた。
- In addition, Yukinaga KONISHI became the commander of navy with many military ships and they attacked Negoro and Saiga from both sides of sea and land.
- 江戸時代には、主に大坂を中心とした西日本および北陸、東北と広域に亘って流通した。
- In the Edo period, Chogin were circulated widely in western Japan mainly in the Osaka and Hokuriku and Tohoku regions.
- 陸軍は3年後からの兵力倍増を、海軍は翌年からの8カ年で48隻の建艦計画をたてた。
- The Army planned to double it's solders and the Navy planned to build 48 warships in eight years begining the following year.
- いち早く到着した東路軍は防塁のない志賀島に上陸するが、日本軍の斬り込みを受ける。
- The Eastern Route Army arrived earlier and disembarked Shika no shima Island where there was no defense wall, but they were attacked by the Japanese army.
- 皇族軍人(こうぞくぐんじん)とは、大日本帝国陸軍・海軍の将官となった皇族を指す。
- Ko-zoku Gunjin refer to the members of the imperial family who became general officers of the Imperial Japanese Army or Imperial Japanese Navy.
- そして任期が過ぎても帰京せず、国香は常陸大掾、良将は鎮守府将軍を勤めるなどした。
- Takamochi did not return to Kyoto after he served out his term, and his sons Kunika filled the post of Hitachi no daijo (Senior Secretary of Hitachi Province) and Yoshimasa of Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North).
- その後、重政は罪を許されて再び常陸国、遠江国に1万5000石の所領を与えられた。
- Later, Shigemasa was pardoned and again granted fiefs of 15,000 koku in rice in Hitachi Province and Totomi Province.
- 第2代藩主・山口弘隆のとき、領地が常陸国、下総国に集められ、牛久に陣屋を構えた。
- During the reign of Hirotaka YAMAGUCHI, the second lord of the domain, fiefs were consolidated in Hitachi Province and Shimousa Province, and jinya (the headquarters) was set up in Ushiku.
- 朝鮮軍は6月20日昼頃に対馬の尾崎浦(朝鮮王朝実録には豆知浦とある)附近へ上陸。
- At around noon on June 20, the Korean army landed in the vicinity of Osaki inlet (according to the True Record of the Joseon Dynasty, it was at Mamejiru inlet).
- 都道府県の面積一覧は全国で10番目に狭く、内陸県では奈良県、埼玉県に次いで狭い。
- The area of Shiga Prefecture is the tenth smallest in Japan, and the third, following Nara and Saitama Prefectures, of the inland prefectures.
- 遷都については、「続日本紀」には、水陸の交通の便が理由であるとの記述が見えるが、
- The 'Shoku Nihongi' (historical books written in the Heian period) describes the reason for the transfer of the capital as easy access to water and land transportation; however,
- 義弘は本拠が大陸と近い地理を活かして李氏朝鮮との貿易を営み巨万の富を蓄えていた。
- Making the most of the close proximity of his seat of power to mainland Asia, Yoshihiro also worked to build trade relations between the Ouchi and the Joseon dynasty in Korea, thereby amassing a vast fortune.
- これにより、朝廷の旧習を一新して外交を進め、海軍や陸軍を整えることを図るとする。
- Because of this the Imperial court decided to part with conventional ways and move ahead with diplomatic ties, while improving the navy and army.
- (ここで吉備武彦を越(北陸方面)に遣わし、日本武尊自身は信濃(長野県)に入る。)
- (Here Yamato Takeru no Mikoto sent KIBI no Takehiko to Koshi (present-day Hokuriku area), and he himself went on to Shinano (present-day Gunma Prefecture).)
- 1905年(明治38年)7月18日に京都府で編成された大日本帝国陸軍の師団である。
- It was a division of the Imperial Japanese Army established in Kyoto Prefecture on July 18, 1905.
- さらに淡路国の菅達長の水軍も加わり、18日には水陸から岸和田・泉大津市を脅かした。
- In addition, the navy of Michinaga KAN in Awaji Province also joined the army, so that they threatened the area of Kishiwada and Izumiotsu Cities from sea and land on April 28.
- 11月2日平通盛は北陸の遠征に何の実績を上げることもできずに帰京する(『吉記』)。
- On December 16, TAIRA no Michimori returned to Kyoto without having accomplished anything on his expedition to Hokuriku ('Kikki' (a diary by Tsunefusa YOSHIDA)).
- 飲料水の欠乏により淡水補給のため、自らボートに乗りこみ水を求めに陸に向かっていた。
- To supply fresh water against shortage of drinkable water, Inoue himself boarded a small boat from the Japanese warship Unyo and was approaching the land.
- これについては、元の艦隊が偶発的に同地に辿り着いて上陸を試みたものと見られている。
- They are considered to have been the Yuan fleet that accidentally reached there and attempted to disembark.
- ジパングは、カタイ(中国大陸)の東の海上1500マイルに浮かぶ独立した島国である。
- Zipangu was an independent island country, which was located 1,500 miles across the sea to the east of Catai (an alternative name for the Chinese continent).
- 屯田ははじめ札幌市近くの石狩地方に展開し、しだいに内陸や道東部などに範囲を広げた。
- Tondenhei settlements first developed in Ishikari areas in the vicinity of Sapporo City, and gradually expanded to the inland and Doto areas (eastern part of Hokkaido).
- 10月下旬に劉永福が大陸に逃亡、日本軍が台南を占領したことで台湾民主国は崩壊した。
- At the end of October, Yung-fu LIU fled to the continent and the Japanese army occupied Tainan, which events marked the collapse of the Republic of Formosa.
- 明治28年(1895年) 貞愛親王率いる陸軍歩兵第4旅団、台湾の嘉義布袋港に上陸。
- In 1895, Prince Sadanaru led the Imperial Army infantry's fourth division brigade, landing on Hotei Harbor, in Chiayi City, Taiwan.
- のちに妹の嫁ぎ先秋田実季を頼り常陸国宍戸藩に赴き、そこで客分として迎え入れられた。
- Later he went to Shishido Domain of Hitachi Province relying on Sanesue AKITA, his younger sister's husband, and was welcomed as a guest.
- 篠川公方や斯波氏陸奥守家も滅ぼされるなど、東北地方といえど、平穏無事ではなかった。
- Even the Tohoku Region could not be uneventful as seen by the fact that Sasagawa-kubo and the Shiba clan (governor of Mutsu Province) were subverted.
- 水田による班田が原則でありながら、水田の不足より陸田が混ぜられて支給されたりした。
- Although paddy fields should have basically been supplied as handen, fields with no water supply available were sometimes supplied because paddy fields available were limited.
- 東海道・東山道(中山道)・北陸道の合流地であることから、陸上交通の要衝でもあった。
- Since Shiga was also a meeting point of Tokai-do Road, Tosan-do Road (Nakasen-do Road) and Hokuriku-do Road, it was a strategic stop for land transport.
- 杉豊後入道は機制を制して舟で尼崎市に上陸して八幡の陣を突き決戦することを主張した。
- Bungo Nyudo SUGI advocated that they seize the opportunity they had been given and travel by ship to Amagasaki City, where they could launch a surprise attack against the army at Hachiman and fight one great battle where all would be decided.
- 旧国名の常陸国(ひたち)は、ひたかみのくにへの道(ひたかみみち)の転訛といわれる。
- The former name of the province, Hitachi no kuni, is said to be corrupted from 'Hitakami no kuni eno michi' or 'Hitakamimichi' (the road to Hitakami).
- 上記のようなエピソードが残されており、当時の陸軍に与えた影響の大きさを物語っている。
- Events such as the abovementioned episode reveal the influence of Russo-Japanese War over post-war developments in the army.
- 同日、日本陸軍先遣部隊の第12師団 (日本軍)木越旅団が朝鮮の仁川広域市に上陸した。
- On the same day, the frontline Japanese troops, the Kigoshi Brigade of the 12th Division, landed on the city of Incheon.
- 1880年(明治13年)、日本陸軍の村田経芳が日本で最初の国産小銃の開発に成功する。
- In 1880, Tsuneyoshi MURATA of theJapanese Army succeeded in developing the first Japanese-made rifle.
- また、釜山から漢城までの輸送路がゲリラ攻撃されると内陸部では兵糧備蓄の不安が起きた。
- In addition, as the transportation route from Busan to Hansong was attacked using guerrilla tactics, inland bases became concerned about their emergency provisions.
- アメリカ大陸を横断しワシントンD.C.を訪問した後、ヨーロッパへ渡り各国を訪問した。
- They visited the European countries after crossing the continent of the United States of America and visiting Washington, D.C.
- 所領も下野、陸奥、三河、丹波など西国にも及び、支族は数十にも及ぶ有力御家人であった。
- The family was a powerful Gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) whose territories expanded to Shimotsuke, Mutsu, Mikawa, and the Saigoku (western part of Japan, especially Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki) such as Tanba, who had dozens of branch families.
- 貞陸は延徳2年(1490年)より明応7年(1498年)まで室町幕府政所執事を務めた。
- Sadamichi was Mandokoro Shitsuji (chief of Mandokoro, the Administrative Board) of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) from 1490 through 1498.
- 山脈を隔てて東側となる東日本や太平洋側、内陸部では観測数は少ないが、時々観測される。
- In the eastern part of Japan, on the Pacific Ocean side and in the inner areas, located across mountain ranges, kosa is sometimes observed though not so often.
- 鉄道:北近畿タンゴ鉄道 峰山駅下車、丹後海陸交通バスに乗り換え、久僧下車、徒歩5分。
- By train: Get off at Mineyama Station on the Kitakinki Tango Railway, transfer to the Tango Kairiku Kotsu Bus, get off at Kyoso and walk for five minutes.
- 中国大陸部や台湾では「梅雨」(メイユー)、韓国では「장마」(チャンマ・長霖)という。
- In mainland China and Taiwan, it is called '梅雨' (pronounced as 'mei-yu') and, in Korea, '장마' (pronounced as 'chan-ma' and written as '長霖' in Chinese characters).
- 経ヶ岬分屯基地は、航空自衛隊入間基地の分屯基地で、小規模な場外離着陸場をもっている。
- The Kyogamisaki Sub Base belongs to the Iruma Airbase of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force, and has a small landing field (airport).
- 北条朝時率いる北陸道軍4万騎も砺波山で京方を撃破して、加賀国に乱入して京を目指した。
- Tomotoki HOJO, in command of the 40,000 strong army coming along the Hokurikudo, also crushed the capital faction forces at Mt. Tonami and forced his way into Kaga Province, homing in in on the capital.
- 2月13日 (旧暦)(3月20日)、軍事総裁職に転職(陸軍総裁職の名称変更による)。
- February 13 (old calendar) (March 20): Transferred to Gunji Sosaishoku (Commander of the Military) -because the post of Rikugun Sosaishoku (Commander of the Army) was renamed.
- 自らの手で元服を行い、奥州藤原氏宗主、鎮守府将軍藤原秀衡を頼って陸奥国平泉に下った。
- He celebrated his attainment of manhood (genpuku) by himself, and went down to Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province counting on the protection of Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense in the North) FUJIWARA no Hidehira, who was the head of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan.
- 当日は陸援隊の中岡慎太郎や土佐藩士の岡本健三郎、画家の淡海槐堂などに訪問されている。
- On that day Kaientai's Shintaro NAKAOKA, Tosa clan's Kenzaburo OKAMOTO, painter Kaido OMI, and others visited Ryoma.
- 午前2時に、清国兵の襲撃により松崎直臣陸軍歩兵大尉ほかが戦死する(日本側初の戦死者)。
- At 2 AM, a sudden attack of Qing soldiers killed Japanese soldiers including Naomi MATSUZAKI, Infantry Captain (the first war deaths on the Japanese side).
- 鎮守府は通常の守備と城柵の造営・維持など陸奥国内の軍政を主な任務としていたと言われる。
- The Chinju-fu is said to have been in charge of military affairs in Mutsu Province, including ordinary defense and the construction and maintenance of josaku (official defense site).
- 10月には都で北陸の援兵の計画が練られるが実際には援軍は派遣されなかった(『玉葉』)。
- In November or December (October by the old lunar calendar), a plan was developed to deliver reinforcements, but in reality, reinforcements were not dispatched ('Gyokuyo' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane)).
- 陸上の荘園では開発領主が武芸をもって世業とするようになり、武士階層の成立が進んでいく。
- In shoen (manor in medieval Japan), as kaihatsu-ryoshu (local nobles who actually developed the land) armed themselves and made it their profession, the establishment of the samurai class proceeded.
- ただ陽明学は宋代の陸象山の学を継承したものではあるが、その継承は直接的なものではない。
- Although Yomeigaku inherited the teachings of Lu Hsiang-shan of the Song period, it was not a direct succession.
- 貞陸の孫の伊勢貞孝とその子伊勢貞良は、12代将軍足利義晴、13代将軍足利義輝に仕えた。
- A grandchild of Sadamichi, Sadataka ISE and his son, Sadayoshi ISE, served the 12th Shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA and the 13th Shogun Yoshiteru.
- 1884年(明治17年)は陸軍少将、さらに1892年(明治25年)中将に昇進している。
- In 1884 he was promoted to Army Major General and in 1892 he was promoted to Lieutenant General.
- 大日本帝国憲法下においては、天皇は大日本帝国陸海軍の大元帥として統括する立場にあった。
- According to the Meiji Constitution (Constitution of the Empire of Japan), the Emperor was in the position to supervise the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy as Daigensui (Commander-in-chief).
- 平家盛が上陸して当地の領主となり、宇久氏(後の福江藩主五島氏の前身)を名乗ったという。
- It is said that Taira no Iemori landed here, became the landlord of this area and called himself the Uku clan (the predecessor of the lord of Fukue domain Goto clan).
- 俘囚(ふしゅう)とは、陸奥国・出羽国の蝦夷のうち、朝廷の支配に属するようになったもの。
- The Fushu were Emishi who lived in the provinces of Mutsu and Dewa and came under the control of the Imperial Court.
- 軍人勅諭(ぐんじんちょくゆ)は、1月4日に明治天皇が陸海軍の軍人に下賜した詔勅である。
- The Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors was Shochoku (imperial edict) that Emperor Meiji issued to soldiers of the army and the navy on January 4.
- (熊襲討伐後は吉備や難波の邪神を退治して、水陸の道を開き、天皇の賞賛と寵愛を受ける)。
- (After he subdued the Kumaso, he destroyed evil deities in Kibi and Naniwa and opened the routes on land and water, and the emperor praised him and bestowed favor upon him.)
- 西園寺は、この後大正天皇に呼び出され、天皇の口から直接陸相の辞表提出の件を知らされた。
- Saionji was later summoned by Emperor Taisho, and he was told by the Emperor directly about the Minister of Army's submission of his letter of resignation.
- 鉄道業等の陸上輸送事業は、1942年(昭和17年)3月に京福電気鉄道として分離発足した。
- The land transportation business, such as the railway business, was started separately with the foundation of Keifuku Electric Railroad in March 1942.
- そして、この北陸方面軍の一員として、近江国大津城の城主・京極高次が加わっていたのである。
- And as a member of the Hokuriku area force Takatsugu KYOGOKU, the lord of Otsu-jo Castle in Omi Province, was part of the Yoshitsugu army.
- 寺内正毅(1910年 - 1916年)(1911年まで陸軍大臣兼任、1911年以降専任)
- Masatake TERAUCHI (1910-1916) (he doubled as the Minister of Army until 1911, and assumed the position fulltime from 1911)
- 元軍は10月19日 (旧暦)には博多湾に現れ、湾西端の今津に停泊し一部兵力を上陸させた。
- The Yuan army appeared in Hakata Bay on October 19 (according to old lunar calendar), and anchored ships at Imazu, located at the western edge of the bay, to disembark some of its soldiers.
- 山城屋は陸軍省から更に金を借り出し、フランスの商人と直接取引をしようとフランスに渡った。
- He borrowed more money from the Ministry of Army and went to France to deal directly with French merchants.
- そこで明代の朱子学者たちは、陸九淵の心学を取り入れて道徳実践の学を補完するようになった。
- Therefore, Neo-Confucian scholars in Ming Dynasty adopted the Shin school (Mind school) by Jiuyuan LU to complement moral practice learning.
- 「心即理」は陸象山が朱子の「性即理」の反措定として唱えた概念で、王陽明はそれを継承した。
- Shin soku ri' is a concept advocated by Lu Hsiang-shan as the antithesis to Zhu Xi's 'Sei soku ri', and taken up by Wang Yangming.
- 奥州藤原氏滅亡時、平泉には陸奥、出羽の省帳、田文などの行政文書の写しが多数あったという。
- It is said that there were many copies of administrative documents, such as shocho (account books or registers managed by central administrative offices) concerning Mutsu and Dewa Provinces and tabumi (registers of areas or ownerships of rice fields), left in Hiraizumi at the end of the Oshu Fujiwara clan.
- そもそも斯波氏の名乗りの起源は陸奥紫波郡とされており、奥州は斯波氏にとっては本貫である。
- To begin with, Shiba-gun County of Mutsu Province is said to have been the origin of the family name of the Shiba clan, so the Oshu region was the birthplace for the Shiba clan.
- 親王は皇族として唯一内大臣府を務め、軍人として最高位の元帥 (日本)陸軍大将に就任した。
- Imperial Prince Fushimi Sadanaru was the only member of the Imperial family who served at the Minister of Interior's Office, or to be assigned as the highest ranking officer in the Japanese Imperial Army, that of general.
- 陸軍軍医総監などを務めた橋本綱常が、勲功により、明治28年10月31年男爵に叙せられる。
- Tsunatsune HASHIMOTO who served as the army surgeon general was made a baron on October 31, 1895 in recognition of his acts of valor.
- 彼らは陸奥・出羽の国衙から食糧と布を与えられる代わりに、服従を誓い、特産物を貢いでいた。
- They received food and cloth from Kokuga in the Mutsu and Dewa provinces, and they swore obedience to Kokuga and contributed their local specialties to them.
- 工業では、国内有数の内陸工業団地、長田野工業団地があり、その総出荷額は年々増加している。
- In the field of manufacturing industry, there is the Osadano Industrial Park (one of the largest inland industrial parks) in the city and its total value of annual shipment has been increasing.
- 琵琶湖があることから内陸県で唯一漁港を持ち、日本の漁港一覧と、海に面する5府県より多い。
- Shiga, in which Lake Biwa is located, is the only inland prefecture that has fishing ports, the number of which is greater than that of other five prefectures that face sea.
- 冬の間、シベリアから中国大陸にかけての広範囲を、冷たく乾燥したシベリア気団が覆っている。
- During winter, a wide range from Siberia to China is covered by cold and dry Siberia air mass.
- 一方、鹿児島市の城山公園に立つ、郷土の彫刻家安藤照作による銅像は軍装(陸軍大将)である。
- On the other hand, the statue, which was erected at Shiroyama koen Park in Kagoshima City by native sculptor Terusaku ANDO, depicted him in his military uniform (full general).
- これらのことから、当時北陸地方・東北地方に南朝方武将の擁立する「朝廷」が存在したとされる。
- Based on these historical sources, the Imperial Court is deemed to have existed in the present Hokuriku and Tohoku Regions at that time, which was backed up by the warlords taking the side of the Southern Court.
- この時期の将軍は按察使または陸奥守を兼任するのが通例で、中には3官を兼任する場合もあった。
- In those days, the shogun generally doubled as Azechi (inspector of the provincial government) or as Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province), and some even held three positions at once.
- 春又は秋の東北の季節風に乗って大陸へ渡り、5月以降、西南西の季節風に乗り、日本へ帰国した。
- Ships left for the Asian continent in Spring or Autumn using a northeast seasonal winds and returned to Japan after May using a west-southwest seasonal winds.
- 日本軍は海戦の不利を悟って、積極的な出撃戦術から消極的な水陸共同防御戦術へ方針を変更した。
- The Japanese army woke up their disadvantages in naval battles and switched their methods from positive sally tactics to passive joint defense by navy and army.
- 海賊衆は陸の悪党と同様に徒党を組んでの略奪行為や金銭を代償に取った船舶航行の警護を行った。
- Kaizoku shu, as well as Akuto on land (villains during medieval times), banded together and were engaged in looting activities or guarding ship navigation in exchange for money.
- 明治以後、陸軍大学校卒業者が付けた徽章が天保通宝に似ていた事から「天保銭組」と称せられた。
- After the Meiji period, as the badge that Rikugun Daigakko (the Army War College) graduates wore resembled the Tenpo-tsuho, they came to be called 'Tenpo sen gumi' (team of Tenpo-tsuho).
- 特に弥生時代や古墳時代を通じて、玄界灘沿岸は、アジア大陸との窓口という交通の要衝であった。
- The coasts of Genkai-nada Sea were an important point of traffic that served as a contact point to the Asian Continent, especially through the Yayoi Period and Kofun period (tumulus period).
- 畿内はもちろん、西は九州から東は常陸国・上野国(こうづけ)まで造籍の実施されたことを示す。
- It indicates that family registers were established not only in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) but also from Kyushu in the west to Hitachi and Kozuke Provinces in the east.
- 同時に大日本帝国陸軍歩兵第20連隊は、このときから現在の福知山駐屯地に駐屯するようになる。
- Simultaneously, the twentieth Infantry Regiment of the Imperial Japanese Army was stationed at the present-day Camp Fukuchiyama.
- しかし、水戸家自体が関八州にあり、また治める常陸国は延喜式における大国かつ親王任国である。
- However, the Mito family was based within kanhasshu (eight provinces which composed the Kanto region in the Edo period) and governed Hitachi Province, which had been recognized as a taikoku (the best ranked provinces) and Shinno-Ningoku (provinces whose official governors were the Imperial princes) in Engishiki (a set of ancient Japanese governmental regulations).
- 水戸徳川家(みととくがわけ)は、常陸国水戸市にあった徳川氏の一支系で、徳川御三家のひとつ。
- The Mito Tokugawa family was one of branches of the Tokugawa family rooted in Mito City in Hitachi Province, and one of Tokugawa Gosanke (three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family).
- 明治時代には陸軍を中心に迂回奇襲説が、近年では信長公記に基づいて正面攻撃説が主流であった。
- In the Meiji period, it was particularly believed by the army that the Oda army attacked by way of a detour, but in recent years, the belief that they attacked head-on has been favored, based on Shincho Koki (Biography of Nobunaga ODA).
- 全体としての人口は、陸奥国や武蔵国のような多いところで2、3千人に達したと推定されている。
- The population is presumed to have reached 2,000 to 3,000 in a dense area such as Mutsu Province and Musashi Province.
- 金沢行き(北陸ハイウェイバス)、上野駅、千葉中央駅行き、東京ミッドナイトエクスプレス宇治号
- For Kanazawa (Hokuriku Highway Bus), Ueno Station, Chiba-chuo Station, and The Tokyo Midnight Express Uji-go bus
- 武将たちも覚悟を定め、平教盛は入水、平経盛は一旦陸地に上がって出家してから還り海に没した。
- Many warriors also having readied themselves for the end; TAIRA no Norimori leapt into the sea, while TAIRA no Tsunemori briefly climbed up onto land and took the tonsure before he also jumped into the sea.
- 中国大陸部では各都市の気象台が、台湾では台湾気象局が梅雨入りと梅雨明けの発表を行っている。
- In the Mainlnad China, local meteorological observatory in each city and in Taiwan, Central Weather Bureau announce tsuyuiri and tsuyuake.
- 更に日本刀は元において武具として珍重され、後世まで中国大陸への輸出が行われるようになった。
- In addition, Japanese swords were cherished as arms in the Yuan Dynasty and continued to be exported to the Chinese continent in the future generations.
- 他方陸軍は7月の大本営通達を受けて、第三軍は旅順攻囲戦の第一回総攻撃を8月19日に開始した。
- On August 19th, the IJA Third Army under the directives of Imperial headquarters initiated its first all-out seige of Lushun.
- 陸奥宗光はこのため『ニューヨーク・ワールド』に弁明せざるを得なくなる事態に陥ることとなった。
- This put Japan in a position to force Munemitsu MUTSU to make an excuse in 'Newyork World.'
- 当時の日本陸軍は、まだしっかりした冬季装備と厳寒地における正しい防寒方法を持っていなかった。
- The Japanese Army in those days did not have proper equipment for winter and did not know how to combat cold in areas of intense cold.
- 軍需品の納入などにたずさわっていたが、陸軍省の公金15万ドルを借用して生糸相場に手をだした。
- While he was engaged in overseeing the delivery of military supplies, he borrowed 150,000 dollars of public money from the Ministry of the Army and started to invest in the silk market.
- この時期から倭国は大陸とは別個の天下であるという意識が生じたのだとする説が有力となっている。
- One theory becomes popular that around that time, Wakoku began to be conscious that it was another realm of China.
- 大橋立と小橋立は可動橋で結ばれ(右写真手前の陸と砂嘴の間)、その下を遊覧船など小型船が通る。
- Daitenkyo and Shotenkyo are connected by a drawbridge (in the picture on the right, between the land in the foreground and the sand spit), below which tour boats and other small boats pass.
- その後、陸軍士官学校時代にスケートを趣味としていたことから、日本スケート連盟会長に就任する。
- As he enjoyed skating as a hobby while attending the Military Academy, he assumed the President of Japan Skating Federation.
- 上総国ばかりでなく常陸国や下総国にも勢力を拡大、坂東に武士団を形成し武家平氏の基盤を固めた。
- They expanded their power from Kazusa Province into Hitachi Province and Shimousa Province, forming armed groups in the Bando (old Kanto) region, which became the foundation of the Taira clan as samurai.
- 越後国では守護代長尾氏が実権を握り、上杉謙信を生み、1576年までに北陸地方をほぼ制圧した。
- In the Echigo Province, shugodai, the Nagao clan, assumed the real power and gave birth to Kenshin UESUGI and almost took control of the Hokuriku Region by 1576.
- 草香(東大阪市日下)に上陸した神武軍は最初の戦いで、応戦した長髓彦(ながすねひこ)に敗れる。
- The Jinmu Army landed on Kusaka (Higashi Osaka City) was defeated in the first battle against the army of Nagasunehiko.
- 虫麻呂が歌に詠んだ地域は、常陸国から駿河国にかけての東国と、摂津国・河内国・京都などである。
- Mushimaro's poems cover the areas in the eastern part of Japan from Hitachi to Suruga Provinces as well as the western part of the country such as Settsu, Kawachi, and Kyoto.
- 805年5月、帰路の途中和田岬(神戸市)に上陸し、最初の密教教化霊場である能福寺を開創する。
- On his way back, he landed at Cape Wada (Kobe City) in May, 805, and founded Nofuku-ji Temple, which was the first site where the edification of Esoteric Buddhism took place.
- それとともに、来島氏を森藩、九鬼氏を三田藩と水軍大名を次々に内陸に移して海事から切り離させた。
- Besides that, the Tokugawa clan separated suigun daimyo one after another from maritime affairs by transferring the Kijima clan to the Mori domain and the Kuki clan to the Santa domain.
- これについては常陸国信太郡との関連を指摘する説があり、香取神宮と物部氏の関連も指摘されている。
- There is a theory regarding this that points to a connection with Shita County, Hitachi Province, and also a connection between Katori-jingu Shrine and the Mononobe clan.
- 明治には、1912年の明治天皇崩御の際に殉死した陸軍軍人の乃木希典の殉死が社会的影響を与えた。
- In the Meiji period, the officer of land forces, Maresuke Nogi, committed junshi upon the death of Emperor Meiji in 1912, which exercised a social influence.
- 陸軍省のもとで屯田兵の所管組織は屯田兵本部、屯田兵司令部と改称し、一般の部隊の編制に近づいた。
- Under the Ministry of Army the presiding organizations of tondenhei were renamed Tondenhei Headquarters, Tondenhei Command Center and became more similar to the formation of general military units.
- 11世紀半ば、陸奥国には安倍氏 (奥州)、出羽国には出羽清原氏という強力な豪族が存在していた。
- During the middle of the eleventh century, two powerful families existed in the area; the Abe clan (Oshu [Mutsu province]) ruled Mutsu Province, and the Dewa Kiyohara clan ruled Dewa Province.
- 中央政権の支配も関東以南ほど強くは及んでいなかったが律令制の時代には陸奥国と出羽国が置かれた。
- Although the central government had less control there than in the south of the Kanto region, it set up Mutsu and Dewa Provinces in the area during the era ruled under the ritsuryo system.
- 貞親の子の伊勢貞宗、孫の伊勢貞陸は台頭する細川氏の細川政元と協調し引き続き幕政に重きをなした。
- Sadamune ISE, a child of Sadachika, and Sadamichi ISE, a grandson of Sadachika, cooperated with Masamoto HOSOKAWA who was from the rising Hosokawa clan and continued to have the influential position in the bakufu..
- 陸軍騎兵学校の教官をつとめ、太平洋戦争時には、大本営参謀として、ガダルカナル島作戦に参加した。
- He worked as an instructor at the cavalry school of army and in the Pacific War he took part in the Battle of Guadalcanal as staff officer of the Imperial headquarters.
- ただ、発生地周辺の中国内陸部やモンゴルでは、単なる黄砂の降下よりも砂嵐による被害の方が大きい。
- However, in the inner part of China and Mongolia located near places where kosa is produced, damage due to sandstorms is more serious than the simple falling of kosa.
- 明治6年5月に徴兵令が実施されたのに伴い、元帥が廃止されたので、西郷は陸軍大将兼参議となった。
- In May 1873, the position of marshal was abolished along with the conscription ordinance being effected, Saigo became a General in the Army, and was concurrently Sangi councilor.
- これは勝家が北陸に領地を持ち、冬には雪で行動が制限されることを理由としたみせかけの和平であった。
- In fact, this was a false truce offer plotted by Katsuie, who feared being locked up in his territory in Hokuriku by heavy snows once winter came.
- 加えて北陸街道から京への要衝に位置していたことから、越前・加賀の一向一揆に備えるためでもあった。
- In addition, this castle was constructed as a fortress against an uprising of Ikko sect followers in Echizen Province and Kaga Province, because it was situated at the strategic point on the route from Hokuriku-kaido Road to the capital.
- 撤退命令を受領した小西行長は11月、明・朝鮮の陸水諸将と交渉や買収で無血撤退の約束を取り付ける。
- Having received the withdrawal order, Yukinaga KONISHI succeeded in December to obtain a promise of bloodless withdrawal through negotiations with and by bribing the Ming and Korean commanders of the army and navy.
- 朝鮮水軍の李舜臣が釜山西方に展開中の日本軍を攻撃し、数千の日本陸軍と水軍が対応の為に拘束された。
- The Korean navy with Yi Sun-sin attacked the Japanese army that was in the process of deploying to the west of Busan, and thousands of troops in the Japanese army and navy had to remain there to deal with it.
- 1579年に常陸の多賀谷重経から織田信長に献上された名馬の体高は四尺八寸(145センチ)である。
- A fine horse presented by Shigetsune TAGAYA to Nobunaga ODA in 1579 was 145 centimetres tall.
- 伊達氏初代も常陸入道念西も宗村とし、朝宗と宗村は親子で、中村氏は朝宗の次男の朝定が継いだとある。
- The founder of the Date clan and Hitachi-nyudo Nensai are identified as Munemura, and Tomomune and Munemura are described as a father and son, and it says that the Nakamura clan was succeeded by the second son of Tomomune, Tomosada.
- 1905年(明治38年)7月18日 - 旧大日本帝国陸軍第16師団 (日本軍)が深草に置かれる。
- July 18, 1905: The sixteenth Army Division of the now-defunct Imperial Japanese Army was established in Fukakusa.
- 甲斐国、美濃国、下野国、三河国、尾張国、相模国、武蔵国、常陸国等に石橋村がありこれ等より起こる。
- The clan derived from Ishibashi-mura villages in various Provinces including Kai, Mino, Shimotsuke, Mikawa, Owari, Sagami, Musashi, Hitachi.
- 常照愚草(じょうしょうぐそう)は、戦国時代 (日本)初期の山城国守護職・伊勢貞陸による有職故実。
- Jisho-guso is a Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) written by Sadamichi ISE, the military governor of Yamashiro Province in the early Sengoku Period (the Period of Warring States) in Japan.
- そして夏になり、義仲軍が北陸で平氏軍に相次いで勝利し、以仁王遺児の北陸宮を奉じて上洛を果たした。
- In the summer, after a series of victories over the Taira clan army in the Hokuriku region, MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka's army entered into the capital under Hokuriku no Miya, who was a son of the deceased Prince Mochihito.
- 頼朝は、義仲に対する優越を確実にするため、宣旨の対象地域に北陸道を加えるよう朝廷へ要請していた。
- Yoritomo had requested that the Imperial Court include the Hokurikudo into the area covered by the decree in order to ensure his superiority over Yoshinaka.
- 一方京阪から遠い北部(彦根市・米原市・長浜市など)は京阪だけでなく北陸とも文化的に共通点を持つ。
- On the other hand, the northern part (including Hikone, Maibara and Nagahama Cities), which is distant from Kyoto or Osaka, has a lot in common culturally not only with Kyoto and Osaka but also with the Hokuriku region.
- 大陸との貿易の推進を図る義満にとっても朝鮮と強いつながりを持つ義弘の存在は目障りなものになった。
- To Yoshimitsu, who was trying to plan how to proceed in forging trade links with mainland Asia, the existence of someone like Yoshihiro, possessing as he did such a strong bond with Korea, must have been quite obtrusive.
- 大野がやむを得ず引き返したところ、同じく陸軍奉行添役の安富才助から歳三の戦死を知らされたと言う。
- OHNO had no choice but to return, and he was informed by Saisuke YASUTOMI, who was also an Assistant General of the Army, that Toshizo had died in the battle.
- 10月2日から4日にかけて明・朝鮮軍が水陸から順天倭城を攻撃したが、これを撃退する(順天の戦い)。
- From October 31 to November 2, the Ming and Korean armies attacked the Suncheon Waeseong from both land and sea, but the Japanese army fought them off.
- ただし、当時の大陸産の蒙古馬などもほぼ同程度の大きさであり、決して体格に問題があったとはいえない。
- Yet it was not unusual as the Mongolian horse from the Asian continent of the time was about the same size.
- こうした疑義から出発し思索する中で陸象山の学へと立ち帰り、それを精緻に発展させたのが陽明学である。
- Contemplating these questions, Wang Yangming went back to the teachings of Lu Hsiang-shan, and elaborately developed them into what became Yomei-gaku.
- 下国家と上国家は、それぞれ陸奥国北辺と出羽国北辺で蝦夷管領の役割を果たしていたとも推察されている。
- It is also supposed that the Shimonokuni family and the Kaminokuni family were each in charge of Ezo kanrei in the northern border with Mutsu Province and the northern border with Dewa Province, respectively.
- 常陸入道念西と伊達朝宗が同一人物であるとする明確な記録があるわけではなく別人であるという説もある。
- There is no clear record that Hitachi-nyudo Nensai and Tomomune DATE are the same person, however, and some people believe the two are completely different people.
- また、1522年伊達稙宗が奥州探題・大崎氏らを差し置いて陸奥守護職に就くなど下克上の芽は見られる。
- Also, a sprout of gekokujo could be seen in the fact that Tanemune DATE assumed the position of Mutsu shugoshiki (provincial constables of the Mutsu Province) in 1522 over the head of the Osaki clan (in the post of Oshu Tandai (supervisors for the civil government and military affairs in Mutsu Province)) and his son.
- 陸軍燃料研究所のアルコールの蒸気の満ちた実験室で実験を繰り返していたため、酒にめっぽう強くなった。
- Because he conducted repeated experiments in the alcohol-vapor-filled army fuel research center laboratory, he developed a strong tolerance for alcohol.
- 「自称天皇」の一人・三浦芳聖は、尊良親王が北陸朝廷の天皇であり、自らがその子孫であると主張している。
- Yoshimasa MIURA called himself Emperor (he was just one of those who did the same thing) because, Miura claimed, Imperial Prince Takayoshi had been the Emperor of Hokuriku Chotei and he himself was the Takayoshi's descendant.
- 日本軍が築いた朝鮮の城塞を守っていた2万の守備軍を含め、総勢14万1500人が朝鮮半島に再上陸した。
- The army of over 141,500 men, including the defensive force of 20,000 soldiers who had been guarding the fortresses in Korea built by the Japanese army, landed on the Korean Peninsula for the second time.
- 現在、出雲国風土記、常陸国風土記、播磨国風土記、肥前国風土記、豊後国風土記の物が、一部残存している。
- Presently, parts of Izumo Province Fudoki, Hitachi Province Fudoki, Harima Province Fudoki, Hizen Province Fudoki and Bungo Province Fudoki are existent.
- 反面、武蔵国は六浦や品川湊などの良港を抱え、西国や内陸部に広がる「内海」との交易を活発に行っていた。
- Having good ports such as Mutsuura and Shinagawa Minato Port, on the other hand, Musashi Province was actively engaged in trade with provinces in the west and the 'inland sea' stretching over the internal region.
- 大治5年(1130年)に義清の嫡男清光の乱暴が原因で父子は常陸を追放され、甲斐国へ配流されたという。
- It is said that Yoshikiyo and his eldest son Kiyomitsu were banished from Hitachi to Kai Province in 1130 due to Kiyimitsu's violence.
- 日本海に面しており、気候は日本海側気候が見られるが、冬の雪は北陸程は多くはなく、雨の日が比較的多い。
- Kitakinki, which faces the Japan Sea, shows a Japan-Sea side climate pattern but has less snow than Hokoriku and instead has many rainy days.
- もともと信頼の一門は武蔵国・陸奥国を知行国としており、両国と深いつながりを持つ源義朝と連携していた。
- Nobuyori's branch of the Fujiwara clan had long controlled the provinces of Musashi and Hitachi through their fiefs there, and had a friendly relationship with MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, who had strong ties to both provinces.
- 明治時代に入っても、依然として馬による輸送が重視されて「陸運会社」の結成が新政府によって奨励された。
- Even as it became the Meiji period, transportation by horses was still valued, and an establishment of a 'land transportation company' was encouraged by the new government.
- また、保則の手持ちの兵力が寡兵であるため常陸国、武蔵国の兵2000を動員する許可を朝廷に求めている。
- Subsequently, Yasunori requested the deployment of 2,000 soldiers from Hitachi and Musashi provinces because the soldiers under him were outnumbered.
- 6月、夷俘の軍勢が大挙して再度秋田城を襲い、官軍は大敗を喫して、藤原梶長も陸奥国へ逃げ帰ってしまう。
- In June the Ifu's forces attacked Akita-jo Castle again in droves and completely defeated the imperial forces, causing FUJIWARA no Kajinaga to flee to Mutsu Province.
- 5月、朝廷は藤原梶長を押領使に任じて陸奥国より騎兵1000、歩兵2000を派遣して鎮圧に向かわせた。
- In May the Imperial Court appointed FUJIWARA no Kajinaga to Oryoshi (military officer to subdue a rebellion) and deployed 1,000 soldiers on horseback and 2,000 foot soldiers from Mutsu Province in order to suppress the rebellion.
- - かつては鞆の浦に浮かぶ島のひとつだったが、慶長時代の鞆城築城時に埋め立てられ陸続きとなっている。
- It used to be one of the islands at Tomonoura, but today the island is connected to the main island which was made so by land reclamation at the time of constructing the Tomo-jo Castle in Keicho era (1596 to 1615).
- 『常陸国風土記』等には倭武天皇-橘皇后、大橘姫など表現されており、各種の地名起源説話が伝わっている。
- They are recorded as Yamato Takeru no Sumeramikoto (倭武天皇, Emperor Yamato Takeru) and Tachibana no Okisaki (橘皇后, Empress Tachibana) or O Tachibana Hime (大橘姫) in records such as the 'Hitachi no kuni fudoki' (the topography of Hitachi Province), and various kinds of anecdotes explaining the origins of place names have survived.
- この間、西郷は、7月12日、西郷に嫡男寅太郎が誕生し、9月に大目付・陸軍掛・家老座出席に任命された。
- At this time, Saigo's heir, Torataro was born on July 12, and Saigo was granted the title of Ometsuke, Rikugun-Kakari (Department of the Army) and Attendant at the Chief Retainer's Office.
- さらにその後には陸軍大将・近衛都督を兼務し、大久保、木戸ら岩倉使節団の外遊中には留守政府を主導した。
- And after that, he held the posts of full general and Konoe-totoku (regulator of Konoefu), and he took charge of the Rusu-seifu (a temporary government while the permanent officials are away) when Okubo and Kido went to the official travel of Iwakura Mission.
- 『常陸国風土記』茨城郡条には、土着民である「山の佐伯、野の佐伯」が王権に反抗したことが記されている。
- In Ibaraki in 'Hitachi no kuni fudoki' (the topography of Hitachi Province), it is written that the natives 'Saeki of the mountains and Saeki of the fields' had resisted the sovereignty.
- 永承6年(1051年)、頼遠は子の源有光とともに陸奥守源頼義に従って奥州に下向、前九年の役に従軍した。
- In 1051, Yorito, together with his son MINAMOTO no Arimitsu, went to Oshu (Northern Honshu, the region encompassing Mutsu and Dewa provinces) following the Governor of Mutsu Province, MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi, to serve in Zen Kunen no Eki (Former Nine Years' Campaign.)
- 攻略に当たっていた日本軍の歩兵第18連隊長佐藤正 (陸軍草創期)大佐は銃弾を受け左足切断の重傷を負う。
- Colonel Tadashi Satoh, the commander of the 18th infantry regiment of the Japanese army (in the pioneer days of the Army) engaged in an assault and was shot in his left leg, suffering serious injury, resulting in an amputation.
- また、『常陸国風土記』では武渟川別が、『丹後国風土記』では丹波道主命の父である彦坐王が記述されている。
- Takenunakawa wake no mikoto was also written about in the 'Hitachi no kuni fudoki' (the topography of Hitachi Province), as well as Hikoimasu no miko, father of Tanbamichi nushi no mikoto, who was referred to in 'Tango no kuni fudoki' (the topography of Tango Province).
- 『日本書紀』によると、崇神天皇10年(紀元前88年?)にそれぞれ、北陸、東海、西道、丹波に派遣された。
- According to the 'Nihon Shoki,' each of these generals was dispatched to Kuga no michi (Hokuriku circuit), Umitsu michi (Tokai circuit), Nishi no michi (Sanyo circuit) and Tanba michi (Sanin circuit), in the 10th year of Emperor Sujin's reign (88 B.C. ?)
- 『蒙古襲来絵詞』によると竹崎季長が鳥飼潟から祖原へ追撃、上陸地点より500メートル付近まで押し返した。
- According to 'Moko Shurai Ekotoba' (Picture Scroll of the Mongol Invasion), Suenaga TAKEZAKI chased the enemy from Torikaigata to Sohara, and forced it back to the place about 500 meters from where they had disembarked.
- それを、明治期の陸軍が教科書に史実として記載したことから、一気に「三段撃ち」説が広まったものとされる。
- This was described as a historical fact in a textbook by the Army in the Meiji period, so that 'sandan-uchi' became widely spread.
- 仕上げは、小判に食塩、硝石、胆礬、緑礬、薫陸などの薬剤を塗り火で焙って色揚げが行われ金色が整えられた。
- For finishing, enhancement of the color was performed by applying agent such as salt, niter, chalcanthite, melanterite or kunroku (a sort of resin) to koban and warming koban over a flame to make gold color complete.
- この政変は「陸軍のストライキ」と言われ、以降、国政において軍部大臣現役武官制が注目される契機となった。
- This political change was called 'the Strike of the Army' and then triggered the Gunbu Daijin Geneki Bukan sei to attract attention in national politics.
- しかしながら、西郷軍の南進を阻止すべく鹿児島湾、重富に上陸した第2旅団にこれを阻まれ、失敗に終わった。
- However, prevented by the 2nd brigade that had landed at Shigetomi in the Kagoshima bay to prevent the southern advancement of Saigo's forces, the attempt failed.
- 陸奥国における伊達氏の庶家は多いが、伊達氏として国人領主の地位を保った家系が、駿河国・但馬国にあった。
- While there were many branch families of the Date clan in Mutsu Province, Date family lines which held the post of kokujin ryoshu (a local samurai lord) also existed in Suruga Province and Tajima Province.
- 斯波氏は、足利家氏が陸奥国の斯波郡(岩手県紫波郡)を所領としたことから斯波氏と称するのを始まりとする。
- The Shiba clan originally took its name from the area called Shiba-gun County (Shiba-gun, Iwate Prefecture) of Mutsu Province where Ieuji ASHIKAGA became a ruler.
- 京都盆地(山城盆地)の中に位置しているので、内陸性気候を呈しており、夏と冬、昼と夜とで温度差が大きい。
- Located in the Kyoto Basin (or the Yamashiro Basin), Kyoto City has an inland climate and a significant difference in temperature between summer and winter as well as between day and night.
- 代わって、常陸国土浦藩から朽木稙昌が3万2000石で入り、以後、朽木氏13代の支配で藩政は安定化した。
- After Tanemasa KUTSUKI took over the domain with 32,000 koku from the Tsuchiura Domain in Hitachi Province, the Kutsuki clan ruled for 13 generations, stabilizing the domain administration.
- 日本では、気象庁により、黄砂とは大陸性の土壌粒子によって視程が10km以下になる現象と定義されている。
- In Japan, the Meteorological Agency defines kosa as the phenomenon in which visibility is reduced to less than 10 km due to soil particles originating on the continent.
- また東国も、美濃国以東の東海・東山道は源頼朝政権の勢力下におさめられ、北陸道は源義仲の支配下にあった。
- Likewise, in Togoku, the Tokaido and the Tosando areas located east of Mino Province had been put under the influence of the Minamoto no Yoritomo government, and the Hokurikudo was under the control of MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka.
- 719年(養老3年)前後、藤原宇合が常陸守であった頃に宇合の下僚となり、以後宇合の庇護を受けたという。
- At some point around 719, he became a subordinate of FUJIWARA no Umakai who was then Hitachi no kami (governor of Hitachi Province) and thereafter Mushimaro was under Umakai's patronage.
- 4月、藩政改革と陸海軍の拡張を進言し、それが入れられると、5月1日から小松・桂らと藩政改革にあたった。
- In April, he was counseled about increasing the reformation of the domain duties and the military and navy, and after these suggestions were approved, he worked for reformation of domain duties with Komatsu and Katsura.
- 陸上の武士のように、平安時代後期(古代末期)には海上で活動する軍事勢力「海賊」が活躍するようになった。
- During the late Heian period (the end of ancient times), military forces like 'pirates' became active at sea, much like warriors on land.
- また、欧州大陸型の司法制度を採用し、行政訴訟の管轄は、司法裁判所にはなく、行政裁判所の管轄に属していた。
- Japanese judicature was modeled after the European judicial system, and administrative lawsuit was not under jurisdiction of courts of law, but administrative courts.
- 新宮氏は新宮城_(陸奥国)を築城して居城とし、また、新宮熊野神社を厚く信仰して多くの寄進を行なっている。
- The Shingu clan built Shingu-jo Castle (Mutsu Province) and resided there, and had deep faith in Shingu Kumano-jinja Shrine and donated large amounts.
- この年の10月20日連合国軍がレイテ島に上陸し、大本営はレイテ島の戦いを予定したが第16師団は壊滅した。
- The Allies invaded Layt Island on October 20 of that year, and the Imperial headquarters were planning the battle on Layt Island while the Sixteenth Division was annihilated.
- だがモンゴル帝国の南下による宋の衰亡により、大陸へ帰還したり日本へ土着する者が現れるなどで縮小していた。
- However, the residential area had became smaller because such merchants returned to China or settled in Japan with the collapse of the Sung Dynasty.
- (東北地方・北陸地方などでは雪融け水が利用できるため、夏季の気温要件が充分なら可耕地が更に広く出来た。)
- (In the Tohoku and Hokuriku regions, due to the availability of meltwater, cultivable lands were made even larger if the temperature in the summer was appropriate.)
- 1606年(慶長11)9月23日、徳川家康の十一男である徳川頼房が常陸国下妻10万石を与えられ家を興す。
- On October 24, 1606, Yorifusa TOKUGAWA, the 11th son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, was given a fief of one hundred thousand koku (which yielded approx. 18 million liters of rice) in Shimotsuma in Hitachi Province, and started his own family.
- また、常陸入道念西が伊達朝宗であるというのも、年代や系図の照合によってそのように比定されているのである。
- Also, others suggest that Hitachi-nyudo Nensai is in fact Tomomune DATE based on the time period in which they both lived and their family trees.
- 1392年(明徳3年)、甲斐武田家12代武田信春の子・武田信久が甲斐国より常陸国北浦に下り居城を構えた。
- Nobuhisa TAKEDA, the son of the twlefth head of the Kai-Takeda clan Nobuharu Takeda, moved from Kai Province to Kitaura in Hitachi Province in 1392 and constructed his residential castle.
- 鎌倉時代前期の源通親は内大臣となり、権勢を振るい「源博陸(はくろく・はくりく=関白の異名)」と称された。
- MINAMOTO no Michichika, who was in power during an early part of the Kamakura period, became the Naidaijin and was called 'MINAMOTO no Hakuriku (Hakuroku)' (synonym of Kanpaku), because he wielded considerable influence.
- 陸奥国・出羽国にとどまった俘囚は、同じ地域の朝廷派の人々と異なり、租税を免除されていたと考えられている。
- It is thought that the Fushu who stayed in the Mutsu and Dewa provinces were given remission from payment of So (a type of tax), unlike people of the same region who took the side of the Imperial Court.
- 穏便に開国・倒幕を行いたかった海・陸援隊とは逆に、武力による倒幕を目指していた薩摩の仕業との声も根強い。
- There are also many who believe that it was the deed of Satsuma, aiming to overthrow the shogunate by force, which is the opposite to the peaceful approach taken by the Kaientai (an association of masterless samurai organized by Ryoma SAKAMOTO) and the Rikuentai (an association of masterless samurai organized by Shintaro NAKAOKA).
- 徳山港には、1913年(大正2年)に建てられた「五卿登陸處」碑(周南市徳山・晴海埠頭の親水公園)がある。
- At Tokuyama-ko port, there is a monument dedicated to the place where the 'Five Nobles Landed' (at the water park at Harumi-futo wharf in Shunan City, Tokuyama) that was built in 1913.
- 戦後は大陸からの引揚げの拠点となり、平桟橋には13年にわたって約66万人の人々が祖国への帰還を果たした。
- After World War Two it was a repatriation port for returnees from the Chinese continent; about 660 thousand people returned home at Taira-sanbashi Bridge over thirteen years.
- その反面、陸から200mもないので素人のゴムボートですら渡船が容易であり、一大釣りスポットと化している。
- On the other hand, being located in less than 200 m from the main land, the island can be easily reached by rubber boats and has become a big fishing site.
- 古代より大陸との交流が盛んな所で近年の考古学的発掘によりこの地方に一大勢力があったことが確認されている。
- Areas on the Tango Peninsula have had close contact with the Asian continent since ancient times, and archaeological excavations in recent years have shown that powerful clans existed in the region.
- 本土決戦を目前にした陸軍が航空部隊・航空総軍の戦闘司令所として建設されたもので、二つの壕に分かれている。
- It was built as the top headquarters of air battle units of the Imperial Japanese Army in preparation for the coming decisive battles in the mainland, and it consisted of two shelters.
- 松平 容保(まつだいら かたもり)は、幕末の大名・陸奥国会津藩9代目藩主であり、また最後の藩主でもある。
- Katamori MATSUDAIRA was a Daimyo, and the 9th and last Chief of the Aizu Clan of Mutsu Province.
- しかし、780年(宝亀11年)には陸奥国で伊治呰麻呂の反乱がおこるなど、東北地方では蝦夷の抵抗が強まった。
- However, resistance by Ezo in the Tohoku region became stronger as seen in the revolt of 780 by KOREHARI no Azamaro in Mutsu Province.
- が、明軍は漢城を捨てずに抗戦の構えを見せた為に、日本軍は冬季の内陸駐屯を避けて朝鮮南岸へ布陣して越冬した。
- However, because the Ming army did not leave Hansong and showed a willingness to fight back, the Japanese army did not stay inland in winter but took up their position on the southern coast of Korea and stayed there over the winter.
- 一方海上についてみると、中国の東方には広大な海が広がるが、歴代の統一王朝は首都を内陸の関中や河南省に置いた
- Meanwhile, in terms of the sea, though there is a vast sea to the east of China, each successive unified kingdom set its capital in the inland Guangzhong or in Hunan Province.
- 1896年、陸海軍両局が統合され軍務局に、また民政局より総務、法務、通信の各局が分離し7局体制が確立した。
- In 1896, the army and navy bureaus were merged to form the Military Affairs Bureau, and the General Affairs, Judicial and Communication Bureaus were separated from the Home Affairs Bureau, which separation resulted in the establishment of the seven-bureau system.
- 3月24日、長崎を出発した別働第2旅団(山田少将)・別働第3旅団(川路少将)は25日午後、八代に上陸した。
- On March 24, the detached 2nd brigade (led by Major General Yamada), having started from Nagasaki, landed at Yatsushiro, and the detached 3rd brigade (led by Major General Kawaji) also landed there in the afternoon of March 25.
- 同年11月、澄元・之長らが摂津国兵庫に上陸、瓦林正頼(別名:河原林政頼)の越水城を落とす(越水城の合戦)。
- During December of the same year, Sumimoto and Yukinaga landed in Hyogo in the Settsu Province and captured Koshimizu-jo Castle, owned by Masayori KAWARABAYASHI (瓦林正頼, also known as 河原林政頼) (The Battle of Koshimizu-jo Castle).
- また経清は陸奥奥六郡を牛耳る豪族・安倍頼時の娘を娶って縁戚関係を結び、安倍氏一門の南方の固めとなっていた。
- Additionally, Tsunekiyo married a daughter of ABE no Yoritoki, a member of the local ruling family who controlled Okuroku-gun (six counties in the middle of Mutsu Province) in Mutsu Province, to form a relative alliance with them and took charge of the south side defense of the Abe clan's family territory.
- 遠野菊池氏もその一族で、海路より青森県八戸に上陸し岩手県遠野に辿り着いたとされ、家紋にいわれが残っている。
- The Tono Kikuchi clan is said to have been one of these cases, and the clan landed in Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture by sea and reached Tono, Iwate Prefecture, and the origin remained with its family crest.
- かつては山国郷(京北山国・黒田地区)の木材が桂川を下り、下流の嵯峨・梅津などで陸揚げされて京都に運ばれた。
- Wood from Yamaguni-go (Keihoku Yamaguni and Kuroda area) were once carried downstream by the Katsura-gawa River and landed at Saga or Umezu for transportation to Kyoto.
- 皇族としては初めての外地における殉職者となったため、陸軍大将に特進の後国葬に付され、豊島岡墓地に葬られた。
- Since he was the first member of the Japanese imperial family known to have died outside of Japan, and the first to have died in war, he was specially promoted to Army General and then a state funeral was held for him and he was buried at Toshimagaoka Cemetery.
- 幕末、明治維新期の四辻公賀は、国事に奔走し維新後は、越後府知事、三等陸軍少将、宮内権大丞、雅楽助を務めた。
- Kinyoshi YOTSUTSUJI worked hard in the government from the end of Edo period to the Meiji Restoration, and then served as the Governor of Echigo Prefecture, a major in the army, and Kunaigondaijo, and gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music) no suke after the Restoration.
- 約1万2千年前頃、最終氷期が終わり急激な温暖化による海面上昇が始まると、日本列島はアジア大陸から分離した。
- Around 12,000 years ago, the ice age ended and the sea level began rising corresponding to rises in the atmospheric temperature, separating the Japanese islands from the Asian continent.
- 同年2月、義経は阿波勝浦へ上陸後、在地武士を味方に引き入れて陸路屋島の平氏本陣を攻め落した(屋島の戦い)。
- In February, Yoshitsune landed at Kastuura in Awa Province and drew the local bushi to his side and defeated the Taira clan stronghold at Yashima (the Battle of Yashima).
- 南巻 王昌齢『詩格』、皎然『詩議』、(唐)殷璠『河岳英霊集』、元兢『古今詩人秀句』(西晋)、陸機「文賦」。
- The volume of South: 'Poetry Rules' by Wang Changling, 'Discussion on Poetry' by Jiaoran, 'He yue ying ling ji' by Yin Fan in China (Tang), 'Elegant Lines of Poets Past' by Yuan Jing in China (Western Jin), 'About Prose and Rhapodies' by Lu Ji.
- 問丸(といまる)は、年貢米の陸揚地である河川・港の近郊の都市に居住し、運送、倉庫、委託販売業を兼ねる組織。
- 'Toimaru' were organizations specialized in transport, warehousing and commission sales, which based themselves in cities by the rivers and ports where nengumai (rice paid as land tax) was unloaded.
- 4年半後の1881年2月7日の福井県発足によって嶺南は滋賀県から分離され、内陸県である現在の領域となった。
- However, four and half years later, on February 7, 1881, Fukui Prefecture was established and Reinan was separated from Shiga and incorporated into Fukui, which resulted in making Shiga the present inland prefecture.
- 陸上の動物が水中の動物を騙して水(ほとんどは川)を渡るという説話は、東南アジアやインドなどに分布している。
- Stories in which a land animal deceives an aquatic creature to cross a body of water (river in most cases), can be found in Southeast Asia and in India.
- 尚、陸軍において、刀剣、槍、銃剣、ナイフなどの鋭器や棍棒などの鈍器を用いた至近距離の戦闘は白兵戦と呼んだ。
- In Navy, battles at close range using sharp weapons including swords, spears, bayonet drills, and knives and dull weapons such as bats were called hand-to-hand combat.
- しかし、現在の日本各地の地方名の多く(北陸地方、山陽地方、山陰地方、北海道など)は、五畿七道に由来している。
- However, today's many local region names around Japan (Hokuriku region, Sanyo region, Sanin region and Hokkaido) originate from the gokishichido.
- 日本側 陸軍は第一軍で朝鮮半島へ上陸、鴨緑江を渡河しつつ、在朝鮮のロシア軍と第一会戦を交えた後に満洲へ進撃。
- Japanese-side: The army would land their First Army on the Korean Peninsula and climb northwards and engage occupying Russian forces and assault Manchuria by crossing the Oryokko River.
- 1874年4月に蕃地事務局を設置し、長官に大隈重信、陸軍中将の西郷従道を事務局長に任命して全権が与えられた。
- In April 1874, Banchi Office (Taiwan Expedition Office) was established and Shigenobu OKUMA was appointed as director general and Lieutenant General Tsugumichi SAIGO as commander of the Taiwan expeditionary force, giving them full authority.
- ただ、陸軍省官制では大臣に「将官」をあてると定め(別表)、海軍省官制では特に定めを置かなかった(別表参照)。
- It was ruled that 'Shokan' will be placed as a minister (appendix) according to the Department of War regulations, however, there was no specification in the Department of the Navy regulations (see appendix).
- 安東氏(あんどうし)は、日本の中世に本州日本海側最北端の陸奥国津軽地方から出羽国秋田郡の一帯を支配した武家。
- The Ando (安東) clan was a samurai family, which ruled extensively from Tsugaru region of Mutsu Province, situated in the northernmost region on the Japan Sea side of Honshu to the Akita Country of Dewa Province, during the medieval Japan.
- 仙台藩に身を寄せ、奥羽越列藩同盟の盟主に擁立された(一説には俗名(諱)を「陸運(むつとき)」としたという)。
- He took refuge in the Sendai Domain and he was put up as the leader of Ouetsu-reppan alliance (One theory has it that he used 'Mutsutoki' as his secular name (imina)).
- 幕府滅亡時には兄の高時と行動を共にせず、兄の遺児である北条時行を逃がした後、自身も陸奥国へと落ち延びている。
- Yasuie did not join his elder brother, Takatoki, at the fall of the bakufu, and after releasing Tokiyuki HOJO, his elder brother's son, withdrew to Mutsu Province.
- 執筆年代は明らかではないが、貞陸が大永元年(1521年)に59歳で没していることから、それ以前の著作となる。
- It is not clear when Sadamichi wrote the book; however, he wrote it in 1521 or earlier as he died at the age of 59 in that year.
- 三重県と大阪府を繋ぎ、紀伊半島を内陸に迂回する国道477号の長大なルート上で最も高い標高に位置する峠である。
- It is the highest pass on the very long National Route 477, which connects Mie Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture with taking the route inland of Kii-hanto Peninsula.
- 西部(大津市と高島市)は畿内と若狭湾・北陸とを短絡する要地であり、江戸時代には西近江路・鯖街道が通っていた。
- The western part (Otsu and Takashima Cities) is a key area which connects 'Kinai' and Wakasa Bay/Hokuriku region in the shortest way and Nishiomiji Road and Saba-kaido Road (the highway used to transport fish such as 'saba' [mackerel] to Japan's ancient capital, Kyoto) went through the part in the Edo period.
- 以後、戊辰戦争の舞台は江戸市街での上野戦争や、北陸地方、東北地方での北越戦争、会津戦争、箱館戦争として続く。
- Afterwards, the staging of the Boshin War led to the Ueno War in the urban area of Edo, the Hokuetsu War in the Hokuriku and Tohoku regions, the Aizu War, and then the Hakodate War.
- 1589年、奥州統一を目指す伊達政宗に摺上原の戦いで大敗した蘆名義広は常陸国に逃走し、ここに蘆名氏は没落する。
- In 1589, Yoshihiro ASHINA was soundly defeated in the Battle of Sekigahara by Masamune DATA, who strived to unify the Oshu region, and fled to Hitachi Province, bringing an end to the Ashina clan.
- 日本の文化は常に中国大陸および朝鮮半島を主とする外来文化の影響を受け、仏教が文化全般に多大な影響を与えていた。
- Japanese culture had been always influenced by foreign culture - mainly by that of China and Korea - and Buddhism introduced from them greatly influenced the whole of Japanese culture.
- 伊達初代も常陸入道念西も為宗(念西の長子も為宗となってるので誤記か?)とし、時綱・義広の兄弟を念西の子とする。
- The founder of the Date clan and Hitachi-nyudo Nensai are identified as Tamemune (although it might be a writing error as the eldest son of Nensai is also identified as Tanemune), and both Tokitsuna and Yoshihiro are described as sons of Nensai.
- その後、第50代桓武天皇から派生した桓武平氏は東国を親王任国として自領化していった(常陸国・上総国・上野国)。
- Thereafter, the Kanmu-Heishi, which was descended from the fiftieth Emperor Kanmu, took over Togoku (Hitachi Province, Kazusa Province and Kozuke Province) by appointing imperial princes to the governors of the provinces.
- 合戦では、足利直義を司令官とする陸上軍の主力は西国街道を進み、少弐頼尚は和田岬の新田軍に側面から攻撃をかけた。
- During the battle, the main line of the land army commanded by Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA proceeded along the Saigoku-kaido Road, and Yorihisa SHONI mounted an attack on the flanks of the Nitta forces in Wadamisaki.
- 新田軍は箱根・竹ノ下の戦いでは敗北し尊氏らは京都へ入るが、やがて陸奥国から下った北畠軍の活躍もあり駆逐された。
- But the NITTA army was defeated in the battles of Takenoshita in Hakone, and Takauji's forces entered Kyoto; Takauji was finally driven from the city later through the efforts of the KITABATAKE army, which had marched down from Mutsu Province.
- 鹿児島行幸から帰る途中、近衛兵の紛議を知り、急ぎ帰京して解決をはかり、7月29日、陸軍元帥兼参議に任命された。
- On the way home from Kagoshima, where he had been visiting the Emperor, he heard of the complicated discussion of guardee, and hurried to Kyoto to settle the problem, and he was appointed to be the Marshal of the Army, and concurrently Sangi councilor in July 29.
- 10世紀に編まれた延喜式にも陸奥国に7団を置くことが規定されているが、その活動を直接裏付けるような史料はない。
- The Engishiki (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) compiled in the 10th century also specified the deployment of seven troops in Mutsu Province, but there are no historical materials to directly support their activities.
- が、2月6日天皇親征の方針が決まると、それまでの東海道・東山道・北陸道鎮撫総督は先鋒総督兼鎮撫使に改称された。
- However, on February 6th, the Emperor implemented a change in policy, he decider to lead the army and to conquer Tokugawa family; these former pacification governor-generals of Tokaido, Tosando, and Hokurikudo had their positions adjusted to Spearhead governor and Chinbushi (temporary government post).
- 統帥権は、慣習法的に軍令機関(陸軍参謀本部・海軍軍令部)の専権とされ、シビリアンコントロールの概念に欠けていた。
- The supreme command was thought to belong to military organs (the Staff Headquarters of Army and the Imperial Navy General Staff) by tradition, and not to be under civilian control.
- 『出雲国風土記』がほぼ完全に伝存するほか、常陸国、播磨国、豊後国、肥前国の風土記のそれぞれ一部が伝えられている。
- 'Izumo no kuni fudoki' (the local reports of Izumo Province) still exists in its almost complete form and a part of each fudoki from Hitachi Province, Harima Province, Bungo Province and Hizen Province still remains.
- 治承・寿永の乱以前から北陸各地では、延暦寺の末寺である白山神社の衆徒・神人たちと国衙勢力との間に対立が見られた。
- In various locations in the Hokuriku region, the monk-soldiers and the jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) of Hakuzan-jinja Shrine, a branch shrine of Enryaku-ji Temple, had clashed with kokuga seiryoku (the force of the provincial headquarters) even before the Jisho-Juei War.
- 辛うじて陸地にいた元軍兵士も、旧暦7月7日(ユリウス暦7月23日)の竹崎季長らによる鷹島奇襲などでほぼ消滅した。
- Most Yuan soldiers who had managed to disembark also perished by a surprise attack on Taka-shima Island by Suenaga TAKEZAKI and others on July 7 according to old lunar calendar (July 23 according to the Julian calendar).
- 東横映画には、マキノ光雄と根岸寛一を中心に、大陸から引き上げた満州映画協会OBが製作スタッフとして参加していた。
- Within Toyoko Film Company there were some former members of the production staff of the Manchukuo Film Association who had returned from mainland China such as Mitsuo MAKINO and Kanichi NEGISHI.
- 現在の陸上自衛隊第7普通科連隊が駐屯する福知山駐屯地には、かつては大日本帝国陸軍歩兵第20連隊の駐屯地があった。
- The camp for the twentieth Infantry Regiment of the Imperial Japanese Army used to be stationed in Camp Fukuchiyama where the present-day seventh Infantry Regiment of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force now is stationed.
- 蓮如上人が京より北陸へ布教をする際、当村を含む街道を通り、村々を真言宗・日蓮宗等から改宗させたと記録されている。
- It is recorded that, when visiting the Hokuriku area from the capital to preach, Rennyo Shonin (a famous priest of Jodo-shu Sect in the Muromachi period) used a road that passed this village, and made many villagers in villages along the road changed their religious sects from Shingon-shu Sect or Nichiren-shu Sect to his Jodoshin-shu Sect.
- しかし、鉄道や道路などの陸運網が発達していくにつれ、利用価値が次第に薄れていき、運河としての機能を失っていった。
- As the land transportation network including railroads and roadways developed, the Nishitakase-gawa River gradually lost its usefulness and function as a canal.
- 範頼軍は3万余騎(『源平盛衰記』)をもって陸地に布陣して平氏の退路を塞ぎ、岸から遠矢を射かけて義経軍を支援した。
- Noriyori took about 30,000 horsemen (according to 'the Chronicle of the Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and the Taira') from his army and drew up his battle lines on land to cut off the Taira's avenue of retreat, supporting Yoshitsune's army by shooting arrows long-distance from the cliffs.
- 釜山周辺に布陣していた日本軍は7月16日漆川梁の海戦で朝鮮水軍を殲滅すると陸上でも全羅道を目指して進撃を開始する。
- The Japanese army, which was based near Busan, demolished the Korean navy in the Battle of Chilcheollyang on August 28 and, as for the land war, started its advance toward Jeolla-do.
- 757年(天平宝字元年)に仲麻呂の子藤原朝狩が陸奥守となり、新たに勢力外だった土地に桃生城および雄勝城を建設した。
- In 757, FUJIWARA no Asakari, a son of Nakamaro, was appointed Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province) newly building Momonou-jo Castle and Okachinoki Castle in an area which was formerly out of their control.
- 康平6年(1063年)、有光はその軍功により従五位下安芸守に任じられ、陸奥国(後の磐城国)白河郡の地を下賜された。
- In 1063, Arimitsu was appointed to Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade, Governor of Aki Province and granted the land of Shirakawa-gun County in Mutsu Province (later Iwaki no kuni) for distinguished war service.
- なお、大宰府・陸奥国(後に出羽国を追加)にも漏刻は設置されたが、博士は置かれずに守辰丁が管理していたとされている。
- Rokoku was also installed in the provinces of Dazaifu and Mutsu (later Dewa Province was added), but Hakase was not appointed and Shushincho seemed to have operated the rokoku.
- また『古事記』によれば、北陸道を平定した大彦命と、東海道を平定した武渟川別が合流した場所が会津であるとされている。
- According to 'Kojiki,' Aizu was the place where Obiko no mikoto and Takenunakawa wake no mikoto joined together after having conquered Kuga no michi (Hokuriku region) and Umitsu michi (Tokai region) respectively.
- そして、家康が畿内を留守にしている隙をついて伏見城を落とし、次いで北陸地方や伊勢国伊勢方面の平定に乗り出していた。
- He then captured the Fushiki-jo Castle exploiting Ieyasu's absence from the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara), and after that he set out to suppress the Hokuriku region and Ise area in Ise Province.
- 同年12月、陸軍省は廃止されて第一復員省へ、海軍省は廃止されて第二復員省へ、それぞれ改組されて軍部大臣は消滅した。
- In December of the same year, the Department of War was abolished and became the Department of Veterans Affairs I, the Department of the Navy was abolished and became the Department of Veterans Affairs II; the Military Ministers was reorganized and dismantled.
- 1940年には米内内閣が畑俊六陸相の単独辞職により崩壊するなど、日本の軍国主義の深刻化に拍車をかけることになった。
- The single resignation of War Minister Shunroku HATA in 1940 caused the Yonai Cabinet to fail and spurred Japanese militarism to further intensify.
- その後、陸奥国において金鉱を発見し、東大寺盧舎那仏像の建立に貢献した功により、百済王敬福が従三位を授けられている。
- Subsequently, Kyofuku Kudara no Konikishi was conferred Junior Third Rank for his meritorious deeds, which included discovery of a gold mine in Michi Province, and his contribution towards building the statue of Birushana Buddha in Todai-ji Temple.
- しかしながら、官軍が八代に上陸し、宇土から川尻へと迫っていたため、この兵力は熊本にいる薩軍との合流ができなかった。
- However, since the government army landed in Yatsushiro and closed in on Kawajiri from Uto, these soldiers could not join the Satsuma army in Kumamoto.
- また、由良氏も常陸国牛久に5400石の領地を与えられ、数流に分かれた由良氏の中の嫡流家は1000石の高家となった。
- Further, the Yura clan was awarded a territory of 5400 koku in Ushiku, Hitachi Province, and the main branch family of the Yura clan which had been divided into several lines became an honorable family with a territory of 1000 koku.
- 貞家が成良親王の廂番から奥州管領(奥州探題の前身)にまで出世し、陸奥国多賀城に拠って足利政権の奥州統治の要となる。
- Sadaie was promoted to Oshu Kanrei (shogunate deputy of the northern regions [the former position of the Oshu Tandai who supervised for the civil government and military affairs in Mutsu Province]) from hisashi ban (a person who keeps the night watch staying under the eaves of building) of Imperial Prince Nariyoshi, and settled in Taga-jo Castle in Mutsu Province then became the key person for the Oshu rule of the Ashikaga Administration.
- 3隻で出発したが、途中嵐のため、2隻は徳山藩の徳山港(現・山口県周南市)に上陸し、ここから陸路で三田尻に向かった。
- They departed with three boats, but due to a storm, two landed in Tokuyama-ko port (present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture, Shunan City) in Tokuyama Domain, and headed to Mitajiri over land.
- 以仁王の令旨によって挙兵、都から逃れたその遺児を北陸宮として擁護し、倶利伽羅峠の戦いで平家の大軍を破って上洛する。
- By Prince Mochihito's order he raised an army, named [Mochihito's] bereaved son Prince Hokuriku who ran away from the capital and supported him; he reached Kyoto after defeating a vast force of the Heike clan at the Battle of Kurikara-toge.
- 古くから神話を現実的に解釈しようという要求から、大和、九州、北陸、富士山等実在の場所であったとの説もとなえられた。
- Since ancient times, there has been a view that it was located in the real place such as Yamato, Kyushu region, Hokuriku region, or Mt. Fuji from a viewpoint of interpreting the mythology realistically.
- 文禄元年(1592年)3月13日、予定通り、一番隊小西行長、宗義智ら1万8700人を渡海させて朝鮮半島に上陸させた。
- On April 24, 1592, he had the first division including Yukinaga KONISHI, Yoshitoshi SO and 18,700 other soldiers cross the sea and land in the Korean Peninsula as scheduled.
- 陸王心学と合わせて人間や物に先天的に存在するという理に依拠して学説が作られているため宋明理学(宋明理学)と呼ばれた。
- Shusigaku was also called Sominrigaku (Neo-Confucianism in the Sung and Ming dynasties) since its theory was based on 'Li' (reasons), which innately exist in human beings and things, together with Wang LU Shin school (Wang LU Mind school).
- 朝鮮半島の百済や高句麗を通じて伝えられた中国大陸の南北朝時代 (中国)の文化の影響を受け、国際性豊かな文化でもある。
- It was an abundantly cosmopolitan culture, influenced by the Northern and Southern Dynasties period culture of the Chinese continent, which was introduced to Japan via the Korean kingdoms of Baekje and Goguryeo.
- さらに続くUボートの魚雷攻撃をかわしながら、3,266名中約1,800人のイギリス陸軍将兵と看護婦の救助に成功した。
- Deflecting U-boats' attack with torpedoes still going on, it saved 1,800 out of 3,266 British military officers, soldiers and nurses.
- 東征大総督として有栖川宮熾仁親王が任命され、東海道・中山道・北陸道にそれぞれ東征軍(官軍とも呼ばれた)が派遣された。
- Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito was appointed as Tosei Daitokutfu (the Great Governor-General in charge of the military expedition to the east), and dispatched the expeditionary force to the east (also called the Imperial army) to the areas of Tokai-do Road, Nakasen-do Road, and Hokuriku-do Road.
- 1月29日、政府は鹿児島県にある陸軍省砲兵属廠にあった武器・弾薬を大阪へ移すために、赤龍丸への搬出を秘密裏に行った。
- On January 29, the government secretly carried the arms and ammunition from the arsenal of the Army Ministry in Kagoshima into the ship Sekiryu-maru to transfer them to Osaka.
- しかしながら、これ以降も上述の通り、明治陸軍は諸外国と同様に火力優勢(銃砲火力の優劣が勝敗を決する)を採用している。
- However, as described above, even after this war, the Army in the Meiji period aimed at gaining fire superiority (the policy that the quality of the firepower of guns and artillery decides the war) as in other nations.
- また、藤原基衡は院の近臣で陸奥守として下向してきた藤原基成と親交を結び、基成の娘を秀衡に嫁がせ院へも影響を及ぼした。
- Additionally, FUJIWARA no Motohira formed a friendly relationship with FUJIWARA no Motonari, who was one of close aides of the cloistered emperor and had been sent as Mutsu no Kami (the governor of Mutsu Province), and had Motonari's daughter marry Hidehira (Motohira's son); thus he expanded his influence on the cloistered emperor.
- 途中伊予国に滞在した懐良親王は、宇都宮貞泰を連れて薩摩谷山に上陸、海路肥後国宇土において15代菊池武光に迎えられた。
- The Imperial Prince Kanenaga, who stopped over in Iyo Province on his way, landed on Satsumataniyama accompanied by Sadayasu UTSUNOMIYA, arrived at Udo of Higo Province from the sea and he was welcomed by the 15th head, Takemitsu KIKUCHI.
- 戦後はアメリカ進駐軍舞鶴分遣隊が駐屯、舞鶴港が政府の在外邦人引き揚げ港に指定され、大陸からの引き揚げの拠点となった。
- A detachment from the US occupation army was stationed at Maizuru City after the war, while the Government designated Maizuru as a port to receive forces being recalled from the mainland.
- 南朝の北畠親房は関東地方で南朝勢力の結集を図り、篭城した常陸国小田城にて南朝の正統性を示す「神皇正統記」を執筆する。
- Chikafusa KITABATAKE, of the Southern Court, planned to concentrate the Southern Court's forces in Kanto, and wrote the Jinno shotoki (Succession of Heavenly Imperial Rulers), a document trying to show the Southern Court's legitimacy, while besieging Oda castle in Hitachi Province.
- そうした中で6世紀前期に近江国から北陸地方にかけての首長層を背景としたオホド王(継体天皇)が現れヤマト王統を統一した。
- During the early sixth century, King Ohodo (Emperor Keitai) appeared from among the chiefs of regions between Omi Province and the Hokuriku region and unified the Yamato royalty.
- これに対して蝦夷は709年および720年に反乱を起こし、720年の時には陸奥按察使上毛野広人が殺害される事態となった。
- In response, Ezo started a revolt in 709 and 720 and, in 720, KAMITSUKENO no Hirohito, who was the Mutsu no azechi (Inspector of Mutsu), was killed.
- 1895年3月下旬からアメリカの仲介で、日本側が伊藤博文と陸奥宗光、清国側が李鴻章を全権に下関市で講和会議が開かれた。
- Since late March, 1895, a peace conference was held in Shimonoseki City through the intermediation of the USA, with full authority being given to Hirobumi ITO and Munemitsu MUTSU on the Japanese side and to Hung Chang LI on the Qing side.
- これに危機感を抱いた新田義貞・脇屋義助は恒良親王・尊良親王を奉戴して1336年(延元元年)10月に北陸へ落ちて行った。
- Having a sense of crisis about this situation, Yoshisada NITTA and Yoshisuke WAKIYA had Imperial Prince Tsuneyoshi and Imperial Prince Takayoshi over them, and went to the Hokuriku Region in November 1336.
- 1183年7月、源義仲が平氏を京都から追放したが、義仲勢力は推戴する北陸宮の天皇即位を迫り、京内で乱暴な行動を重ねた。
- In July, 1183 MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka expelled the Taira clan from Kyoto, but his forces pressed for the enthronement of Hokuriku no Miya as emperor and committed numerous violent acts within Kyoto.
- 特に中国大陸の影響を受けて緑釉陶器が平安貴族たちの間で愛されており、畿内に設置された官工房では生産が追いつかなかった。
- Influenced in particular by the Chinese continent, ryokuyu toki was so popular among nobles during the Heian period that production in the government craft centers established in the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) were unable to keep up with demand.
- 8月19日、摂津国の大手軍が動き、細川持常、赤松貞村は陸路から、細川持親は海路から塩屋(神戸市)の教康の陣を攻撃した。
- On September 13, the major army in the Settsu Province made an advance and Mochitsune HOSOKAWA and Sadamura AKAMATSU attacked from land route and Mochichika Hosokawa attacked the Noriyasu's camp at Shioya (present-day Kobe City) from sea route.
- 劉仁軌、杜爽及び元百済太子の扶余隆が率いる170余隻の水軍は、熊津江に沿って下り、陸上部隊と会合して倭国軍を挟撃した。
- Ryujinki, Toso and the former Kudara Prince Fuyo Ryu led approximately 170 boats of sea warriors down the Ungjin River and merged with the land forces to attack the Wakoku military from both flanks.
- 北陸新幹線・敦賀駅から小浜線沿いに進み小浜駅から西京都駅(亀岡駅)を経由して新大阪駅へ行く若狭ルートが計画されている。
- The construction of the Wakasa route was planned in order to connect Tsuruga Station of the Hokuriku Shinkansen and Shin-Osaka Station, running along the Obama Line via Obama Station and Nishikyoto Station (Kameoka Station).
- 元禄10年(1697年)、美濃国郡上藩より井上正岑が4万7,000石で入るが、これも短期間で常陸国下館藩へ移封される。
- In 1697, Masamine INOUE from the Gujo Domain in Mino Province took over Kameyama with assigned revenues of 47,000 koku, but his family was also quickly transferred, in their case to the Shimodate Domain in Hitachi Province.
- 天台仏教・山岳仏教が日本各地へ広がり、豊後国東半島(豊貴寺大堂など)や北陸地方(平泉寺など)などで動きが顕著であった。
- Tendai Buddhism and Mountain Buddhism spread all over Japan and the regions where this was prominent included Kunisaki peninsula in the Bungo Province (including Main Hall in Fuki-ji Temple) and Hokuriku Region (including Heisen-ji Temple).
- 文化的とは当時流行した大陸の禅の匂いであり、美的とは能阿弥、相阿弥、芸阿弥といった同朋衆などの目利きの確かさであった。
- What was meant by cultural was that it had the smell of continental Zen that was popular back then, and artistically the accuracy of Doboshu, Noami, Geiami, and Soami, as the judges.
- 1493年(明応2年)には自ら自治を放棄する集会を開き惣国は解体され、新しい守護の伊勢貞陸の支配下に入ることになった。
- In 1493, the sokoku held a meeting to abandon its autonomy and the organization was dismantled; the community was then put under the rule of Sadamichi ISE, a newly appointed shugo.
- 政子の裁決で出撃策が決定され、素早く兵を集め、5月22日には軍勢を東海道、東山道、北陸道の三方から京へ向けて派遣した。
- Masako judged a sortie towards Kyoto the best course of action, so it was decided to launch an attack; samurai were quickly assembled, and on May 22 they were dispatched to converge on the capital from three sides, along the Tokaido (Eastern Sea road), the Tosando (Eastern Mountain road), and the Hokurikudo (the road through Hokuriku, the area on the Japan Sea side northwest of modern-day Tokyo).
- 中央で近衛府の武官として立ち、793年に陸奥国の蝦夷に対する戦争で大伴弟麻呂を補佐する副将軍の一人として功績を上げた。
- SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro came to notice as an officer in the Imperial Guards in Kyoto and achieved military success as one of the Vice Shoguns in OTOMO no Otomaro's army in the war against the Ezo people in Mutsu Province in 793.
- 一時、薩軍は鹿児島城下の大半を制したが、上陸展開した政府軍が3日に城下の大半を制し、6日には城山包囲態勢を完成させた。
- At one time, Satsu-gun occupied most of the land under Shiroyama castle, but the Government army, which landed and deployed thereafter, occupied the area under the castle by the 3rd, and they completed preparations for a siege of Shiroyama on the 6th.
- 平治の乱で父が敗死したことにより鞍馬寺に預けられるが、後に陸奥国平泉町へ下り、奥州藤原氏の当主藤原秀衡の庇護を受ける。
- After his father was defeated and killed in the Heiji Disturbance, he was confined in Kurama-dera Temple, but later went down to the town of Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province to seek refuge under the protection of FUJIWARA no Hidehira, head of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan.
- 陸奥国の軍団は磐城団が増設されて7団7000人となり、承和10年(843年)に1000人を増員して7軍団に割りふった。
- The number of Gundan of Mutsu Province was increased to seven troops with 7,000 soldiers by adding Iwaki-dan, and soldiers were allotted to seven Gundan by increasing 1,000 soldiers in 843.
- 名取団(なとりだん)は、8世紀初めから10世紀まで日本の陸奥国(後の陸前国)名取郡に置かれた軍団 (古代日本)である。
- Natori-dan refers to Gundan (army corps in ancient Japan) deployed in Natori County, Mutsu Province (later Rikuzen Province), Japan from the early 8th century to the 10th century.
- 当初は尼崎城に陸揚げされ有岡城に届けられていたが、次第に織田信長軍の砦が築かれると、尼崎ルートの補給路は使えなくなった。
- At the beginning, provisions were landed to Amagasaki-jo Castle and sent to Arioka-jo Castle, but as forts of troops of Nobunaga ODA were constructed one by one, the supply route via Amagasaki became inoperable.
- 新宮氏(しんぐうし)は、鎌倉時代~室町時代初期にかけて陸奥国(後の岩代国)耶麻郡新宮荘(福島県喜多方市)を支配した氏族。
- The Shingu clan ruled Shingu-sho, Yama-gun (present-day Kitakata City, Fukushima Prefecture), Mutsu Province (later Iwashiro no kuni) from the Kamakura period to the early part of the Muromachi period.
- しかし、陸軍の旅順攻略参戦を頑なに拒む海軍の意向を受け、満洲軍総司令部の指示により旅順に向けて漸進を余儀なくさせられる。
- However, the Third Troops was forced to move gradually to Lushun under orders of the General Headquarters of the Japanese Army in Manchuria, which accepted the Navy's rejection of the participation of the Army in the capture of Lushun.
- 呉市では、海軍陸戦隊が出動し、民衆と対峙するなか、銃剣で刺されたことによる死者が少なくとも2名でたことが報告されている。
- It was reported that at least 2 people were killed by a bayonet in Kure City while Naval Landing Forces were called out and facing the people,
- 1890年(明治23年)3月27日には、陸軍官制および海軍官制を改正し、「職員」に武官を任用するとの原則規定を削除した。
- In March 27, 1890, the Army and the Navy regulations were revised and the rule to install military officers as 'personnel' in principal was crossed off.
- 長久元年(1040年)より国府の推挙により数ヵ年修理職として在京し、陸奥国・藤原登任の下向に同行し帰省したとの説もある。
- There is a theory which says that he had worked as shurishiki (a government officer responsible for the construction and repair of buildings in the Imperial Palace) in Kyoto for several years since 1040 on the recommendation of kokufu (a provincial office) and that he returned to his hometown accompanying Mutsu no Kami (the governor of Mutsu Province), FUJIWARA no Narito.
- 嫡流は信濃と京都に分かれ、庶流は信濃国内はもちろん、阿波国、備前国、備中国、石見国、三河国、遠江国、陸奥国にも広がった。
- The main branch split into two in Shinano and Kyoto, and the branch lines spread within Shinano Province as well as to Awa Province, Bizen Province, Bichu Province, Iwami Province, Mikawa Province, Totomi Province and Mutsu Province.
- その傍証として関は、『陸奥話記』において安倍頼時が「大夫(五位の官位を持つ者の通称)」と呼ばれていることを指摘している。
- As its corroborating evidence, Seki indicated that ABE no Yoritoki is called 'Daibu' (a common name of those who had been granted Goi [Fifth Rank] as an official rank) in 'Mutsu Waki' (A Record of Mutsu, or A Chronicle of the Earlier Nine Years' War).
- 1982年(昭和57年)には陸上競技場、第2競技場、第1野球場、公園センターなどの施設が完成し、一部の公園で開園された。
- 1982: Facilities such as an athletics stadiums including the Daini stadium, the Daiichi baseball stadium, and a park center were completed, and the park was partially opened.
- 後、貞観11年(869年)3月15日に、名取団の大毅刑部本継が柴田郡権大領の阿倍陸奥永宗とともに外従五位下を授けられた。
- Thereafter, on May 4, 869, OSAKABE no Mototsugi of Natori-dan was granted Ge-jugoinoge (Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) given to persons outside Kyoto) along with ABENOMUTSU no Nagamune, Gon no tairyo (Provisional Chief Administrative Officer) of Shibata County.
- これ以降、寛永通寳は鉄銭が中心となり、金座直轄の亀戸、伏見、石巻および常陸国常陸太田市などの銭座で大量の鉄銭が鋳造された。
- After that, Kanei Tsuho was produced mostly in iron, and a great number of iron coins were minted in zeniza in Kameido, Fushimi, Ishinomaki and Ota City, Hitachi, Hitachi Province which were under direct control of kin-za.
- このうち安倍氏が陸奥国の国司と争いになり、これに河内源氏の源頼義が介入し足掛け12年に渡って戦われたのが前九年の役である。
- Then, one of them, the Abe clan, started a fight against kokushi (provincial officers dispatched by the central government) of Mutsu Province, and MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi from Kawachi-Genji (the Minamoto clan) intervened in it; this led to the battle known as the Zenkunen War (the Early Nine Years' War), which continued for as many as twelve years in total.
- また確たる史料はないものの亘理郡の有力者で五位に叙せられ、陸奥の在庁官人として権守候補であった可能性は高いと見られている。
- It is also thought that Tsunekiyo was an influential person in Watari County who was titled Goi (Fifth Rank) and that it is very likely that he was a candidate for Gon no kami (a provisional governor) of Mutsu Province among zaichokanjin (locally hired government officials during the Heian period), although there are no historical materials that can validate it for sure.
- 例えば常陸大掾氏、千葉氏、上総氏の系図を見ると、その時期に兄弟子弟が、周辺の郷や名(みょう)に分散し、その名の字を名乗る。
- For example, the brothers and children during that period were scattered across the go and myo in the surrounding area and they named their surnames after that myo when observing the family tree of the Hitachi no Daijo (Daijo clan of Hitachi Province), Chiba, and Kazusa clans.
- しかし、新政府は有栖川宮熾仁親王を大総督宮とした東征軍を組織し、東海道軍・東山道軍・北陸道軍に別れ、江戸へ向けて進軍した。
- The new government appointed Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito as the supreme commander and organized the expeditionary forces to the east; the forces were then divided into the Tokaido-gun army, the Tosando-gun army, and the Hokurikudo-gun army, and they all advanced to Edo.
- 9月に後醍醐天皇は皇子の懐良親王を征西大将軍に任じて九州へ派遣し、新田義貞に恒良親王・尊良親王を奉じさせて北陸へ下らせる。
- In the ninth month, Emperor Godaigo appointed Imperial Prince Kanenaga Seisei taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the western barbarians') and dispatched him to Kyushu, while Yoshisada NITTA went into Hokuriku (the region north-northeast of Kyoto) in obedience to Imperial Princes Tsunenaga and Takanaga.
- 北陸は既に雪深かったために勝家は援軍が出せず、さらに勝家の養子でもある城将柴田勝豊は、わずかな日数で秀吉に降伏してしまった。
- Katsuie could not send reinforcements due to the deep snow in Hokuriku, and moreover, the castle commander Katsutoyo SHIBATA, who was also Katsuie's adopted son, readily surrendered to Hideyoshi after only a few days.
- ところが高次は吉継が北陸から美濃国へと転進する最中に突如東軍に寝返り、手勢3000名を率いて大津城に籠城し防備を固め始めた。
- However, while Yoshitsugu was changing his course from the Hokuriku area to Mino Province, Takatsugu suddenly switched to the East side, led his 3,000 soldiers to Otsu-jo Castle and fortified the defenses there.
- このように現役武官制と言っても現役武官の誰でも陸相に出来るというわけではなく、「軍の総意」にかなわない人事は不可能であった。
- Thus, not every active officer was eligible to be a Minister of War even though it was called the active military officer system; it was impossible for candidates who did not meet 'the military consensus.'
- 承平天慶の乱において平将門が新皇として関東八ヶ国の国司を任命した際も、常陸と上総の国司は「常陸国」「上総国」を任命している。
- After the Johei and Tengyo War, TAIRA no Masakado appointed persons to the kokushi of eight provinces in the Kanto region in the capacity of the new emperor, but he appointed 'Hitachi no suke' (assistant governor of Hitachi Province) and 'Kazusa no suke' (assistant governor of Kazusa Province) to the kokushi of Hitachi and Kazusa respectively.
- そのため、梅雨前線の近くに台風や熱帯低気圧が接近または上陸すると、水蒸気をどんどん供給された梅雨前線が活発化して豪雨となる。
- Therefore, if typhoon or tropical cyclone comes close to or lands in the vicinity of bail front, the baiu front which has been supplied with plenty of moisture vapor becomes active resulting in torrential rain.
- 主に平野部では瀬戸内海式気候、京都府南部・滋賀県南部・奈良県北部・三重県伊賀地方・伊賀地方などの内陸部は内陸性気候に属する。
- The plains mainly belong to the Seto Inland Sea climate, while the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture, the southern part of Shiga Prefecture, the northern part of Nara Prefecture and the Iga region of Mie Prefecture belong to the inland climate.
- また、『古語拾遺』本文では1箇所天孫降臨の神勅と、他に祝詞説明の注に、現存の風土記では『常陸風土記』冒頭2語あるのみである。
- 'Kogo shui' (Gleanings of Old Words) mentions the name only in an oracle of tenson korin and note on norito, and among the extant fudoki (description of regional climate, culture, etc.), 'Hitachi Fudoki' mentions the name only twice in the opening line.
- 藩の差引の立場から北陸道本営(新発田市)には赴かなかったが、総督府下参謀の黒田清隆・山縣有朋らは西郷のもとをしばしば訪れた。
- He did not go to headquarters of Hokurikudo (Shibata City) because of his position, which was to command the domain, but Shimo-sanbo staff, Kioytaka KURODA and Aritomo YAMAGATA came to visit Saigo sometimes.
- 西郷に対し「わしは世界の海援隊をやります」と語り、その様子を同席していた陸奥宗光がことあるごとに回想して語ったとされている。
- Allegedly, Ryoma told Saigo, 'I will manage Kaientai, looking toward the world.' Munemitsu MUTSU who shared the table with them, also allegedly remembered this scene and spoke about it in every opportunity.
- 統一国家が確立してゆく中で、大陸から漢詩が入ってきた影響もあり、個人の気持ちを個々に表現する歌が盛んに作られるようになった。
- In the process of giving unification to Japan, Chinese poetry was introduced to Japan from the Chinese Continent, and under its influence poems to express individual feelings were energetically composed.
- 例えば、寺院では寺院の住持の交替の際に仏具・法具などの什器や文書などの一覧を記した資財帳や土地を記した水陸田目録が作成された。
- At temples, for example, books of materials were drawn up, in which Buddhist altar fittings, ritual implements and documents were listed as well as a list of paddy fields and farmland.
- また、東海道新幹線や山陽新幹線、北陸自動車道などの交通網や、今後想定される東海地震や南海地震などの名称にもその名残が見られる。
- Names of transportation networks such as the Tokaido Shinkansen, the Sanyo Shinkansen, and the Hokuriku Expressway, and names of predicted earthquakes such as the Tokai Earthquake and the Nankai Earthquake have the vestiges of the gokishichido.
- 6月10日海軍陸戦隊400と大鳥圭介公使が漢城に入り、後続部隊を合わせて4000名の混成旅団が首都周辺に駐留することとなった。
- On June 10, 400 squadrons of Japanese Navy, Land Forces, and the minister to Korea Keisuke OTORI entered Hanseong with a plan that a total of 4,000 solders of mixed brigades with the following troops would be stationed in the capital and the surrounding area.
- 攘夷論のいまだおさまらぬ慶応4年2月15日 (旧暦)(1868年3月8日)、フランス領事一行は大阪から陸路、堺に入ろうとした。
- On March 8, 1868, when people who supported the principle of excluding foreigners were still active, the party of the French consulate was entering Sakai from Osaka by land.
- 古田博司は、昭和の陸軍が現実感を失った組織になってしまった理由について、儒教化とりわけ朱子学化したからだとの所説を述べている。
- Hiroshi FURUTA expressed his opinion that the reason why the army in the Showa period became an organization that lost its sense of reality was the commitment to Confucianism, especially the commitment to Neo-Confucianism.
- この旅団は3月19日、艦砲射撃に援護されて日奈久南方の州口及び八代の背後に上陸し、薩軍を二面から攻撃して八代の占領に成功した。
- On March 19, that brigade disembarked at the rear of Sugu, which was south to Hinagu, and at the rear of Yatsushiro, covered by naval bombardment, and succeeded in occupying Yatsushiro by attacking the Satsuma army on both sides.
- 傍系として、常陸国守護小田氏や、三河国の出身で江戸時代には徳川家譜代大名として小田原藩を治めた大久保氏が祖と仰ぐ武茂氏がいる。
- The collateral line of the Utsunomiya clan includes the Oda clan, Hitachi no kuni Shugo (Provincial Military Governor of Hitachi Province) and the Mumo clan regarded as the ancestor of the Okubo clan, which was from Mikawa Province and governed the Odawara domain as a fudai daimyo (feudal lord and hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) in the Edo period.
- 江戸通泰は佐竹氏に臣従の姿勢を見せたものの、独自の勢力を保ち、古河公方家の家督争いなどで混乱が続く常陸西部及び南部に進出する。
- Although Michiyasu EDO acted as a vassal to the Satake clan, he, independent-minded, expanded his sphere of influence to the western and southern areas of Hitachi where there were a series of disturbances such as succession disputes within the Furukawa kubo family.
- 当時の秋田郡周辺の人々は、越後、加賀など祖先を北陸地方に持つ人が特に多く、東国に起源をもつウジも少なくなったかったとみられる。
- Many of the people around then Akita County had ancestors coming from the Hokuriku region, such as Echigo Province, Kaga Province, and so on, and not a few of them had Uji originating from Togoku.
- スペインはポルトガルに遅れてアメリカ大陸を経由しての太平洋航路を開拓し、ルソン島のマニラを本拠として日本を訪れるようになった。
- With Spain having developed Pacific Ocean shipping routes via the American continent, Spanish ships came to visit Japan following Portugal with their operation center located at Manila in Luzon.
- 一つは、古事記に記された、崇神天皇の弟 日子坐王(ひこいますのみこ)が土蜘蛛 陸耳御笠(くぐみみのみかさ)を退治したという話。
- One legend in the Kojiki (Japan's ancient chronicle) holds that Emperor Sujin's brother Hikoimasuno-miko exterminated KUGUMIMI no Mikasa, a tsuchigumo (those in ancient times who were not subjects of the Yamato court).
- 一般に、南の地域ほど梅雨の到来は早く、沖縄は5月中旬から6月下旬、東北・北陸では6月下旬から7月下旬頃となるのが平均的である。
- In general, baiu comes earlier in the southern region and, on an average, it is from the middle of May to the end of June in Okinawa and from the end of June to the end of July in the Tohoku region and the Hokuriku region.
- 信長の軍団・柴田勝家の北陸統治にみられるように、武士団にとって簡単に国替えを行うことは大きな負担と不安を与える事が考えられる。
- As seen in the governing of the Hokuriku region by Katsuie SHIBATA, one of Nobunaga's warriors, it can be imagined that changing the provinces all the time placed a heavy burden and great anxiety on those warriors.
- 翌1891年(明治24年)7月27日には、陸軍省官制を改正して、大臣および次官に「将官」をあてるとの定めを削除した(別表参照)。
- In July 2, 1891, the Department of War regulation was revised: the rule that a minister and Suke will be installed as 'Shokan' was crossed off.
- 江戸忠通・江戸通政・江戸重通は佐竹義重 (十八代当主)と同盟を結び、佐竹氏は南奥に、江戸氏は常陸南部にそれぞれ積極的に進出する。
- Tadamichi EDO, Michimasa EDO and Shigemichi EDO formed an alliance with Yoshishige SATAKE (the 18th family head) and the Satake clan extended its influence to the deep south and the Edo clan to the southern areas of Hitachi.
- 一方で、証如の時代の末期から、北陸をはじめとする地方の本願寺教団では、本願寺の統制を外れて独自路線を歩む者もあらわれつつあった。
- On the other hand, from the end of Shonyo's period the Honganji Buddhist sect in regions like Hokuriku started to become something of a maverick, escaping from the control of Hongan-ji Temple.
- また、丹後海陸交通が運営する遊覧船が湾内を巡回しており、伊根町の観光名所の一つである伊根の舟屋の見物を目的に観光客が多く訪れる。
- Also, there are pleasure boats operated by Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd. that go around inside the bay, and there are many tourists who visit to see the Ine no Funaya Houses (houses built on the water's edge in Ine) which is one of the tourist (sightseeing) spots in Ine Town.
- 「世界史の哲学」は大日本帝国陸軍の皇道派により国体思想として攻撃されていたが、大川周明『近世欧羅巴植民史』の亜流とする説もある。
- Although the 'philosophy of world history' was criticized as being the ideology of the kokutai (national polity) by the Kodo-ha ('Imperial Way' faction) of the Imperial Japanese Army, there is another view that it was heavily based on Shumei OKAWA's 'Colonization in Early-modern European History.'
- 『周礼』に「公事不私議」(曲礼・下)という文言があり、中国大陸からの律令制の導入とともに用いられた言葉であったと考えられている。
- There is a wording of 'Kujifushigi 公事不私議' (Kyokurai 〔review of rites〕・ Shimo (the second of two volumes) 曲礼・下) in Shurei (Rites of Zhou), so it could be considered the words began to be used accompanied by introduction of the ritsuryo system from the Chinese continent.
- この時日本は台湾の略取を目的にその条件となる日本軍による占領を行うため、3月23日歩兵一個旅団を台湾島西方の澎湖諸島に上陸させた。
- Aiming to seize Taiwan this time, Japan sent an infantry brigade to the Penghu islands west of Taiwan island on March 23rd to create a precondition for the Japanese troops to occupy it.
- 源義家の後を継いだ河内源氏四代の源義忠は京都に進出し、河内源氏の本拠地の石川荘は、義家の六男の源義時(陸奥六郎義時)が相続し守る。
- MINAMOTO no Yoshitada who was in the fourth generation of Kawachi-Genji succeeded MINAMOTO no Yoshiie and went into Kyoto, and the Ishikawa manor, base of Kawachi-Genji was inherited and kept by the sixth son of Yoshiie, MINAMOTO no Yoshitoki (Mutsu no Rokuro Yoshitoki).
- 博多では海岸付近で激しい矢戦となり、日本軍は敗走したが殿軍の少弐景資が追撃してきた劉復亨を射倒すなどして、内陸への侵入を阻止した。
- In Hakata, they had a fierce arrow battle near the coast, and the Japanese army lost and withdrew, but prevented the enemy from advancing inland, using the rearguard unit led by Kagesuke SHONI, shooting an arrow at LIU Fu-heng, who came in pursuit.
- そこで、薩軍は南下してくる官軍、また上陸してくると予想される官軍、熊本鎮台に対処するために、熊本城強襲策を変更して長囲策に転じた。
- Then, as countermeasures against the government army that was approaching from north, the government army that was going to disembark, and Kumamoto Garrison, the Satsuma army changed its plan of storming Kumamoto Castle to the drawn-out siege plan.
- 官軍の八代上陸の報を得た薩軍は、熊本長囲軍の一部を割き、三番大隊指揮長永山弥一郎率いる5箇中隊・都城隊・二番砲隊を八代に派遣した。
- In response to the report of disembarkation of the government army at Yatsushiro, the Satsuma army dispatched five companies led by Commander of the 3rd battalion Yaichiro NAGAYAMA, Miyakonojo troop, and the 2nd battery from the besieging army at Kumamoto Castle.
- 平安時代の末に藤白鈴木氏から出た鈴木重家・亀井重清の兄弟は、源義経に郎党として仕え、陸奥国衣川 (岩手県)で主君を守って戦死した。
- At the end of the Heian period, Shigeie SUZUKI and his brother Shigekiyo KAMEI, who were from the Fujishiro Suzuki clan and served MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune as roto (a retainer), died in a battle in Koromogawa, Mutsu Province (Iwate Prefecture), protecting their master, Yoshitsune.
- 1579年、上杉謙信が死ぬと常陸の佐竹氏、安房の里見氏などが北条氏の侵攻に抵抗したが、北条氏の勢力拡大を抑えることができなかった。
- In 1579, as Kenshin UESUGI died, the Satake clan in Hitachi, the Satomi clan In Awa and so on resisted against invasion by the Hojo clan but they could not prevent expansion of influential power of the Hojo clan.
- 翌年、但馬、隠岐を経て出雲に上陸した後、尼子再興の伝令を発すると、5日後には尼子勝久の元に尼子家旧家臣、3000の軍勢が集まった。
- After they reached Izumo through Tajima and Oki the next year, they dispatched a messenger concerning the intention of the reconstruction of the Amago family, and in five days three thousand troops consisting of former vassals of the Amago family gathered for Katsuhisa AMAGO.
- 織田氏は畿内や北陸における一向宗との戦い(石山合戦)や西の毛利氏との戦いに忙殺されていたため、しばらく軍を東へ向けることはなかった。
- Caught up in battles with the Ikko Buddhist sect (Battles of Ishiyama) in the Kinai (areas around Kyoto and Nara) and Hokuriku regions and battles with the Mori clan in western Japan, the Oda clan was unable to send its army to areas to the east of its territory for a while.
- 元軍は大陸での野戦でも、騎馬兵の機動力を生かし、敵と一定の距離を保って馬上からの騎射で相手を損耗させる事を主な戦法の一つにしている。
- Even in an open battle on the continent, one of the main tactics of the Yuan army was to damage the enemy by shooting arrows from horseback, maintaining certain distance from it and taking advantage of the mobility of the cavalry.
- 軍部大臣現役武官制(ぐんぶだいじんげんえきぶかんせい)とは、軍部大臣(陸軍大臣、海軍大臣)の補任資格を現役の武官(軍人)に限る制度。
- Gunbu Daijin Geneki Bukan sei (Military Ministers to be Officers on Active-duty Rule) is a regulation to limit the appointing authority of Military Ministers (Minister of War and the Navy) to only active military officers.
- 同年4月1日に発送電部門を日本発送電、配電部門を関西配電、北陸配電に出資、以降清算に入り、1944年(昭和19年)に、清算を完了した。
- On April 1, 1942, the electric power generation and transmission department of Kyoto Dento contributed to Japan Electric Generation and Transmission Company and the electric power distribution department contributed to Kanasai Haiden and Hokuriku Haiden, and at the same time the liquidation of the company started, which was completed in 1944.
- 海戦用の水軍や朝鮮沿岸を西進する作戦を持たなかった日本軍は、陸戦部隊や後方で輸送任務にあたっていた部隊から急遽水軍を編成して対抗した。
- The Japanese army that did not have a navy for fighting on the sea nor a plan to proceed to the west along the coast of Korea, they hastily organized a navy with troops for land combat and troops that had been engulfed in transportation in the rear to cope with the Korean navy.
- このことから明らかなように国家の目は内陸に向いており、本格的な海上兵力を養成して海外に直接国家が乗り出していったことはあまり多くない。
- As this fact indicates, the kingdom looked inland, and there were not many instances where the kingdom directly developed its own full-fledged navy to advance abroad.
- 琉球王国は江戸時代には日本(薩摩藩)と中国大陸の清の間で両属関係にあり、日本で明治政府が成立すると、帰属を巡る政治問題が起こっていた。
- The Ryukyu Kingdom belonged to both Japan (the Satsuma domain) and Qing on the Chinese continent during the Edo period and the territorial dispute became a political issue after the establishment of the Meiji government in Japan.
- 1942年には台湾で陸軍特別志願兵制度が始まり、1944年には徴兵制も実施され、それに伴い、台湾からも衆議院を選出できるようになった。
- The volunteer soldier recruiting system and the army draft system started in 1942 and 1944 respectively, in line with which incidents House of Representative members were selected from Taiwan as well.
- なお、頼芸の弟・土岐治頼は分流の常陸国江戸崎土岐氏を継いでおり、美濃を追われた頼芸は一時江戸崎(現在の茨城県稲敷市)に身を寄せている。
- Meanwhile, Haruyori TOKI, the younger brother of Yorinari succeeded to the reigns of the Edosaki-Toki clan, which was the branch family of the Toki clan, in Hitachi Province, and Yorinari, who was expelled from Mino, temporarily took refuge in Edosaki (present-day Inashiki City, Ibaraki Prefecture).
- 波多野稙通より知らせをうけた細川晴元は三好勝長、三好政長に出陣を命じ、阿波国より堺に上陸、同年12月13日に中嶋の堀城を占領し越年した。
- Informed by Tanemichi HATANO of the situation, Harumoto HOSOKAWA ordered Katsunaga MIYOSHI and Masanaga MIYOSHI to proceed with their army, entered Sakai from Awa Province, occupied Horijo Castle in Nakajima on January 5, 1527, and saw the new year (according to the old lunar calendar) with it still under their control.
- ただし、後白河は北陸道を宣旨の対象地域から除き、上野・信濃も義仲の勢力圏と認めて、頼朝に義仲との和平を命じた(『玉葉』10月23日条)。
- However, Goshirakawa removed Hokuriku-do Road from the area covered by the Senji, acknowledged Ueno and Shinano as Yoshinaka's sphere of influence, and ordered Yoritomo to make peace with Yoshinaka ('Gyokuyo,' entry of November 16).
- しかし、1月3日毛利秀元等が率いる援軍が到着し、翌4日水陸から明・朝鮮連合軍を攻撃敗走させ2万人の損害を与えて勝利した(蔚山城の戦い)。
- On February 8, however, rescue forces headed by Hidemoto MORI and so on arrived and, on the next day, February 9, attacked and routed the allied Ming and Korean forces and caused 20,000 casualties and won the battle (the Battle of Ulsan).
- その一環として、延暦11年6月(792年)、陸奥国・出羽国・佐渡国・西海道諸国を除く諸国の軍団・兵士を廃止し、代わって健児の制を布いた。
- As part of that reform, in June 792, he discharged cohorts and soldiers deployed in all provinces except for Mutsu Province, Dewa Province, Sado Province, and provinces in the Saikai-do Region, and established the kondei system instead.
- 義仲軍は、北陸宮を推戴しながら京都へ進軍して源行家、多田行綱(源行綱)、安田義定(源義定)らの多方面攻撃によって平氏の京都防衛線を破る。
- Yoshinaka's forces held Hokurokunomiya as their leader and progressed towards Kyoto and defeated the Kyoto protection line of the Taira clan with attacks from all directions by MINAMOTO no Yukiie, Yukitsuna TADA (MINAMOTO no Yukitsuna)and Yoshisada YASUDA (MIMAMOTO no Yoshisada).
- 2006年10月1日より、丹後海陸交通との協働により、実証実験として市内の一部地域にて「上限200円バス」を運行したところ好評であった。
- The '200-yen fare cap bus' in cooperation with Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd started to run on a trial basis on October 1, 2006, and it was highly evaluated.
- また、陸軍が後任の陸相を送らない限り、西園寺内閣は軍部大臣現役武官制の規定によって陸相が得られないこととなって辞職するよりほかなかった。
- Also, unless the Army appointed a succeeding officer, according to the rules of Military ministers who were officers on active-duty, the Saionji Cabinet was unable to obtain a military officer, and Saionji was given no other choice but to resign.
- 禁門の変を理由に幕府は、第一次長州征伐を決行、同時期に、英米仏蘭4ヶ国艦隊の反撃に遭い、上陸され砲台を占拠された(四国艦隊下関砲撃事件)。
- On the pretext of the Kinmon Incident, the shogunate government carried out the First Choshu Expeditions, but at the same the combined fleet of Great Britain, United States, France and the Netherlands made a counterattack and got to land to occupy the gun battery (the Shimonoseki Bombardment).
- 当時は城や柵(城柵官衙と呼ばれる施設)が作られ、その周囲に柵戸(きのへ)と呼ばれる民が関東や北陸地方から移民させられて耕作に当たっていた。
- At that time, castles and josakukanga (a castle-like facility used as governmental office) were constructed and people called Kinohe, forced to immigrate from Kanto and Hokuriku regions, lived around such castles and josakukanga, and were engaged in farming.
- また、元老でありながら参謀総長として戦争を指揮した山縣有朋の発言力が高まり、陸軍は「大陸帝国」論とロシアによる「復讐戦」の可能性を唱えた。
- The war increased the influence of Aritomo YAMAGATA who took command in the war as the Chief of the General Staff, even though he was also a Genro (elder statesman), and the Army raised the possibility that Russia could develop into a 'Continental Empire' or pursue a 'War of Revenge.'
- 朝鮮政府は日清両軍の撤兵要求を回答、7月23日未明に陸軍第五師団の二個大隊が漢城の電信線を切断して朝鮮王宮を3時間にわたり攻撃・占領する。
- The Korean government responded that it wanted both Japanese and Qing troops to withdraw, and early on July 23, two battalions of the fifth Army Division cut the telegraph wire in Hanseong and occupied the Korean Palace after a three hour attack.
- 北陸朝廷(ほくりくちょうてい)は、南北朝時代 (日本)に南朝 (日本)方武将の擁立や僭称により北陸に存在したと考えられる朝廷のことである。
- 'Hokuriku Chotei' refers to the Imperial Court that is deemed to have existed during the period of Northern and Southern Courts in the present Hokuriku Region, which was backed up - and was claimed to have legitimacy - by warlords taking the side of the Southern Court.
- その他、敗因はさまざまに語られるが、上記のとおり重複する点も含めて、日本軍が元軍の上陸前に船や陸上から攻撃を与えたことも要因の一つである。
- Although various other reasons are considered to have led to the defeat, one of the reasons was the fact that the Japanese army attacked the Yuan army in boats or on shore, before it disembarked, including the attacks described above.
- 土岐氏は美濃国のみならず常陸国、上総国など関東に点在した他、美濃国内には明智氏、土井氏、金森氏、蜂屋氏、肥田氏など多くの庶流が輩出された。
- The families of the Toki clan were not only in Mino Province but also scattered around the Kanto region such as Hitachi and Kazusa Provinces, and many branch families such as Akechi, Doi, Kanamori, Hachiya, and Hida clans were generated from the Toki clan in Mino Province.
- 親王が率いていた台湾征討軍の主敵は、清国軍の残党で中国人勢力が二つあったが、両者ともに親王薨去の段階ではすでに大陸に引き上げていたあった。
- The main enemy of the Taiwan expedition by the Japanese military forces led by Prince Yoshihisa was the remnants of the Qing army consisted of two Chinese forces, but both forces have already returned to the continent when Prince Yoshihisa died.
- 七道は京を中心にして四方にのびる幹線交通路(水路も含む)に沿った行政区分で、東海道・東山道・北陸道・山陰道・山陽道・南海道・西海道である。
- The shichido were administrative areas that followed the main roads (including water channels) which stretched away from the capital in all directions, and consisted of Tokaido, Tosando, Hokurikudo, Sanindo, Sanyodo, Nankaido and Saikaido.
- 常陸国の場合、鎌倉時代ではあるが掾官、中座、書生、一分の他国舎人・国雑色・国掌・国承仕・御子と呼ばれる身分差があったことが文書から伺える。
- In the case of Hitachi Province during the Kamakura period, we can see in documents that there were status distinctions such as takokushajin, kunizoshiki, kokusho, kokushoji and miko in jokan, chuza, shosei and ichibun.
- 菅野文 『北走新選組』 - 収録されている短編のうち『殉白』は土方歳三を主役とし、蝦夷共和国の陸軍奉行をつとめた大鳥圭介とのからみを描く。
- By Aya KANNO 'Hokusou Shinsengumi'- of the short comics included in this book, 'Junbaku' has Toshizo HIJIKATA as the main character, and describes his relationship with Keisuke OTORI, who served as the General of the Army.
- 陸軍大臣には直接天皇に上奏する帷幄上奏が制度上認められてはいたが、閣僚が首相を通さずに直接天皇に辞表を提出したのは前代未聞のことであった。
- Even though the Minister of Army was allowed, in principle, to state his intentions directly to the Emperor, a power known as iaku-joso (to make comments on military affairs to the Emperor with full responsibility for the results), in reality this was the very first time a cabinet member bypassed the Prime Minister and submitted a letter of resignation directly to the Emperor.
- そして、義経が陸から、梶原景時が海から屋島を攻めるという作戦を立てていたのであり、景時が止めるのも聞かずに嵐の海に漕ぎ出したわけではない。
- Then, Yoshitsune did make up a plan, in which he would start to attack Yashima from inland, while Kagetoki KAJIWARA would attack from the sea, therefore, it is not true that he sailed out to the sea under a rainstorm without listening to Kagetoki's detention.
- その際、関係する帳簿と長州系軍人の借金証文類も焼き払われた為、事件の真相は解明されることなく、陸軍省会計監督長船越衛の処分をもって収束する。
- Because all the relevant account books and debt bonds issued by military men from Choshu were burned away then, the truth of the incident was not clarified and the investigation ended with punishment of the accounting manager of the Ministry of Army Mamoru FUNAKOSHI.
- 10月20日 (旧暦)(太陽暦では11月25日)、船団は東に進み百道浜つづいて地行浜、長浜、那ノ津、須崎浜(博多)、東浜、箱崎浜に上陸した。
- On October 20 (according to old lunar calendar, on November 25 according to solar calendar), the fleet moved towards the east, disembarking at Momochihama, and then at Jigyohama, Nagahama, Nanotsu, Suzakihama (Hakata), Higashihama, and Hakozakihama.
- 湖西には、大津から若狭国へ向かう西近江路や若狭街道、京都から琵琶湖などを経て今庄町から北陸道につながる北国街道などの各種交通路が整備された。
- Various transport routes were constructed to the west of the lake, such as the Nishi-omi-ji Road and the Wakasa Kaido Road stretching from Otsu to Wakasa Province, and the Hokkoku Kaido Road linking Kyoto and, via Lake Biwa, Imajo-cho, where the road connected to the Hokurikudo Road.
- 陸奥権介となり、鎮守府将軍小野春風を助け、878年の元慶の乱(秋田城で蝦夷が起こした反乱)を鎮圧するために出兵するなど軍人としても活躍した。
- He became Mutsu Gon no suke (provisional vice governor of Mutsu Province), and aided Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North) ONO no Harukaze, playing an important military role in suppressing the rebels in the Gangyo War (a rebellion staged by Ezo (northerners) in Akita-jo castle).
- さらに、細川定禅が海路を東進し生田神社の森(神戸市三宮、御影付近)から上陸すると、義貞は退路を絶たれる危険を感じて東走し、楠木軍は孤立する。
- Jozen HOSOKAWA proceeded east by sea and landed at the forest of Ikuta-jinja Shrine (Sannomiya and Mikage areas of Kobe City), causing Yoshisada to fear that his path of retreat may be cut off and flee eastward, leaving the Kusunoki army isolated.
- 過去に、先に梅雨入りした中国地方より後に梅雨入りした北陸地方が先に梅雨明けしたり、関東地方の梅雨明けが西日本より大幅に遅れたりした例がある。
- In the past, there were cases in which tsuyuake occurred in the Hokuriku region earlier than in the Chugoku region in which tsuyuiri occurred earlier and tsuyuake in the Kanto region was delayed largely compared to western Japan.
- 明治28年(1895年)に陸軍大学校露語科教示嘱託、明治32年(1899年)に再び東京外国語学校 (旧制)(現東京外国語大学)が設立された。
- In 1895, he became a part-time lecturer in the Russian language department at Rikugun Daigakko (the Army War College), and then, in 1899, Tokyo Gaikokugo Gakko (the Tokyo School of Foreign language under the old system, the present-day Tokyo University of Foreign Studies) was established again.
- 田村麻呂が若年の頃から陸奥国では蝦夷との戦争が激化しており、延暦8年(789年)には紀古佐美の率いる官軍がアテルイの率いる蝦夷軍に大敗した。
- From the time of Tamuramaro's youth, there had been a raging war with the Ezo people in Mutsu Province and in 789, the government army led by KI no Kosami was heavily defeated by the Ezo army led by Aterui.
- 独立後はは本土決戦に備えた陸戦訓練や、美保海軍航空隊大和海軍航空隊と海軍乙航空隊近畿海軍航空隊が展開する柳本飛行場の整備活動に追われていた。
- After it became independent, it was busy with training for land fighting as a preparation for the homeland fighting and maintenance of Yanagimoto Airport where Yamato Naval Air Corps of Miho Naval Air Corps and Kinki Naval Air Corps of Naval Otsu Air Corps were deployed.
- その後は、花隈城に一旦陸揚げした物資を神呪寺城、鷲林寺城や宝塚市の洞窟に一旦保管し、その後夜間に昆陽野を横切り有岡城に運ぶルートを使っていた。
- After that, goods which were landed to Hanakuma-jo Castle were stored in Kannoji-jo Castle, Jurinji-jo Castle and caves in Takarazuka and the route to carry to Arioka-jo Castle in the night by crossing Koyano.
- 福岡城址に駐屯する大日本帝国陸軍歩兵第24連隊に所属した鏡山猛が、弾薬庫の歩哨のかたわら鴻臚館の瓦の破片を採取したことも中山説の傍証となった。
- Nakayama's opinion was supported by Takeshi KAGAMIYAMA belonging to the 24th Infantry Regiment of the Imperial Japanese Army which was stationed at the ruins of Fukuokajo Castle, who gathered fragments of tiles used for Korokan while watching the ammunition depot.
- 征韓論派の下野の後政府は内務卿大久保利通の主導のもと1874年台湾蕃地事務長官に大隈重信、同都督に陸軍中将西郷従道を任命して出兵準備をさせた。
- After resignation of supporters of Seikanron, the government led by Toshimichi OKUBO, Secretary of Interior, appointed Shigenobu OKUMA as chief secretary of Taiwan Banchi and Tsugumichi SAIGO, lieutenant general (army), as Totoku governor general of Taiwan in 1874 to prepare for the dispatch of troops.
- それはおもに東北地方平泉の中尊寺金色堂、陸奥国の白水阿弥陀堂、伯耆国の三仏寺、豊後国の富貴寺など、寺院建築の遺構にその傾向が顕著にうかがえる。
- Those tendencies were prominent in structural remnants from temple architecture such as; the Chuson-ji Temple Konjiki-do Hall (golden hall) in Hiraizumi in Tohoku region, the Shiramizu Amida-do Hall (temple hall having an enshrined image of Amitabha) in Mutsu Province, the Sanbutsu-ji Temple in Hoki Province, and Fuki-ji Temple in Bungo Province.
- 『鎌倉持氏記』は前者の代表で、かつ永享の乱・結城合戦を描くすべての軍記の源流になったことが梶原やその後の佐藤陸の研究でほぼ確定的となっている。
- 'Kamakura Mochiuji ki' is an example of the first type, and it has become almost definite from the research of Kajiwara and later Riku SATO, that it was the basis of all military records that depict the Eikyo Rebellion and Yuki Battle.
- 湖と山の間、5kmほどの狭い平地に立地する彦根は、中山道と北陸道(俗に北国街道と称)が合流し、水陸から京都に至る東日本と西日本の結節点である。
- Hikone, located in a narrow plain area stretching about five kilometers between a lake and a mountain, is the point where Eastern and Western Japan meet and two roads Nakasen-do Road and Hokuriku-do (commonly called Hokkoku-kaido Road) join together, and from this point the roads to Kyoto by land or water begins.
- 同日夕刻、領事一行を迎えるべくフランス海軍のコルベット艦デュプレクス (コルベット)は堺港に入り、士官以下数十名の水兵が上陸、市内を徘徊した。
- In the evening, Dupleix, a corvette of the French Navy, arrived at the Sakai port to pick up the party, and several dozens of French sailors of under-officer ranks landed on the area to roam around the city.
- この中国情勢の混乱を勢力圏拡大の好機と判断した陸軍大臣の上原勇作は、当時の第三次西園寺公望内閣に対し朝鮮半島に2個師団を新設するよう提言した。
- Deciding that the political confusion in China was a prime opportunity for Japan to expand its power, War Minister Yūsaku UEHARA proposed to the third administration of Prime Minister Kinmochi SAIONJI to create two new infantry divisions on the Korean Peninsula.
- 奥州藤原氏の遠祖である藤原頼遠は諸系図によると「太郎太夫下総国住人」であったと記され、陸奥国(後の陸中国)に移住した経緯はよく分かっていない。
- According to some genealogies, FUJIWARA no Yorito, a remote ancestor of the Oshu Fujiwara clan, was 'Taro (a word used to express the first, biggest or best things) Taihu (officers whose rank were Goi [Fifth Rank] or above), a resident of Shimousa Province,' but it is not clear how and why he moved to Mutsu Province (later, Rikuchu Province).
- 江差に上陸して開陽丸の沈没していく姿を見守っていた榎本と歳三は、そばにあった松を叩いて嘆き合ったと言われ、今でもその「嘆きの松」が残っている。
- ENOMOTO, who landed in Esashi, and Toshizo watched Kaiyomaru sink, and they are said to have punched a pine tree which stood nearby and lamented together; the 'Nageki no Matsu' (pine tree of lament) still remains today.
- 寛永3年(1626年)に常陸国水戸の富商・佐藤新助が、江戸幕府と水戸藩の許可を得て鋳造したのが始まりだが、この時はまだ、正式な官銭ではなかった。
- In 1626, Shinsuke SATO, a rich merchant in Mito, Hitachi Province, started minting this coin upon obtaining the permission of Edo bakufu and Mito Domain, but this coin was not a coin officially permitted by the government yet at this time.
- 5月29日近衛師団の台湾北部への上陸後唐総督らは台湾を脱出し、清仏戦争の英雄劉永福が民主国政府により大将軍に任じられて台北陥落後の抵抗を担った。
- On May 29, when the Imperial Guards landed in the northern part of Taiwan, Governor Tang and other leaders escaped from the island, but the government of the Republic of Formosa appointed Liu Yongfu, a hero in Sino-French War, as commander in chief and took the responsibility for resistance after the fall of Taipei.
- このように、移転後の鎮守府は、多賀城にある陸奥国府と併存した形でいわば第2国府のような役割を担い、胆沢の地(現在の岩手県南部一帯)を治めていた。
- Thus the Chinju-fu after the relocation served as a second kokufu, which operated separately from the Mutsu kokufu located in Taga-jo Castle, and controlled Isawa (south of Iwate Prefecture).
- 一般的に、鎮守府の前身は『続日本紀』に見える「鎮所」(ちんじょ)であり、陸奥国府があったとされる多賀城付近に併設されていたものと推測されている。
- It is generally assumed that the predecessor of Chinju-fu was Chinjo (Pacification headquarters) mentioned in Shoku Nihongi (Chronicle of Japan Continued), which was attached to Taga-jo Castle where Mutsu kokufu (the provincial capital of Mutsu province) is supposed to have been located.
- やむを得ず、都に残っている高倉天皇の皇子2人の中から新天皇を擁立することを決めるが、ここで義仲は突如として以仁王の子息・北陸宮の即位を主張する。
- Having no choice, he decided to enthrone one of the two princes of Emperor Takakura, but Yoshinaka suddenly insisted on enthroning Hokuroku no miya, the son of Prince Mochihito.
- 1919年8月20日勅令により総督武官制を廃止し、制度上は文官でも総督就任可能としたが、実際には実現せず、斎藤以外の総督はすべて陸軍大将だった。
- By the imperial edict of August 20, 1919, military Sotoku system was abolished, which allowed a civil officer to assume the Sotoku post subject to the system, but this didn't realize in reality, and all the Sotoku other than Saito were Army Generals.
- また、古くから水上交通路としても利用されており、明治時代に鉄道が開通するまでは、京都市・大阪市から東山道・北陸地方への物資輸送に利用されていた。
- Moreover, the lake has been used for water transport since ancient times, and until the railroad opened in the Meiji period it had been used to carry goods from Kyoto City and Osaka City to Tosando and the Hokuriku region.
- 琵琶湖が淀川となって大阪湾に流れる位置から、京都が首都だった時代には、若狭湾で陸揚げされた物資が、琵琶湖の湖上交通で京都や大坂に輸送されていた。
- Goods unloaded at the ports in Wakasa Bay were transported via Lake Biwa to Kyoto and Osaka from the point where the river from Lake Biwa running to Osaka Bay became the Yodo-gawa River during those periods when Kyoto was the capital.
- 鎌倉時代、源頼朝による奥州合戦に従軍し、石那坂の戦いで戦功を挙げた常陸入道念西が、頼朝より伊達郡の地を与えられ、中村に変わり伊達朝宗を名乗った。
- During the Kamakura Period, Hitachi-nyudo Nensai, who joined the army of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in the Battle of Oshu, was granted Date County from Yoritomo for his distinguished war service in the Battle of Ishinazaka, and later changed his name from Tomomune NAKAMURA to Tomomune DATE.
- 初代藩主・朽木稙昌の父・朽木稙綱 (土浦藩主)は徳川家光のもとで御小姓番頭、奏者番を務め、常陸土浦に3万石を与えられ、譜代大名として厚遇された。
- The first lord, Tanemasa KUTSUKI's father, Uetsuna KUTSUKI (the lord of the Tsuchiura Domain) who served as Okosho Bangashira (the chief of the bodyguard of the Shogun) and Sojaban (an official in charge of the ceremonies) under Iemitsu TOKUGAWA was treated well as a fudai daimyo (a hereditary daimyo) with an award of 30,000 koku in Hitachi Tsuchiura.
- その中でも丹国は、のちのヤマト王権に並ぶ独立性を持っていたとする説(丹後王国論)があるように、大陸との交易により力を備えていたと考えられている。
- In particular Ninokuni is thought to have secured power through trade with the Chinese continent; one theory (Tango Kingdom theory) says that the kingdom was as independent as Yamato Dynasty, which was established later.
- 後醍醐は、新田義貞に恒良親王、尊良親王を奉じさせて北陸へ、懐良親王を九州へ派遣し、北畠親房は常陸国へ赴いて、それぞれ諸国で南朝勢力の結集を図る。
- Godaigo sent Yoshisada NITTA with Imperial Princes Tsuneyoshi and Takayoshi to Hokuriku, Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi to Kyushu, and Chikafusa KITABATAKE to the province of Hitachi to gather troops at each location for the Southern Court.
- 烟田氏の例は、確かに時期は早いが、烟田氏自体が、常陸大掾氏からの分流である鹿島氏の庶流であり、その所領は僅かに4ヶ村であったことにも見てとれる。
- The example of the Kamata clan was at the early stage, but the Kamata clan itself was a branch family of the Kagoshima clan branch family that deviated from the Hitachi Daijo clan, and this could be interpreted that its estate had a few, but four villages.
- 水軍を用意できなかった新田軍は、本陣を二本松(和田岬と会下山の中間)に置き、和田岬にも脇屋義助・大館氏明などの軍勢を配置して水軍の上陸に備えた。
- Nitta's army was unable to raise a navy, so established its headquarters in Nihonmatsu (between Wadamisaki and Egenoyama) and also deployed the forces of Yoshisuke WAKIYA and Ujiaki ODACHI in Wadamisaki in preparation for the naval landing.
- 「地乗り」と呼ばれる陸地を目印とした沿岸航海が主流の時代に、沼隈半島沖の瀬戸内海を横断するには鞆の浦で潮流が変わるのを待たなければならなかった。
- During the period when a near-coasted voyage using the geonavigation called 'Jinori' was the mainstream, people had to wait for the changing tide at Tomonoura to sail across the Seto Inland Sea off the Numakuma Peninsula.
- しかし、弘仁6年(815年)8月に陸奥国は4団4000人を増員し、あわせて6団6000人から6交代制で常時1000人の軍団兵士を駐屯地に置いた。
- However, in August (old calendar) 815, Mutsu Province increased the number of troops and that of soldiers to 4 and 4,000, respectively, and always stationed 1,000 soldiers by having 6,000 soldiers in 6 troops in total work in 6 shifts.
- まず、弘仁2年(811年)に陸奥国の軍団兵士は4000人から2000人に減らされ、玉造団と名取団に1000人ずつ計2000人を残すのみとなった。
- First of all, the number of soldiers in the Gundan of Mutsu Province was reduced from 4,000 to 2,000 in 811, and only 2,000 soldiers in total, 1,000 each for Tamatsukuri-dan (army corps in Tamatsukuri County, Mutsu Province) and Natori-dan, remained.
- その後も一進一退の攻防が続いたが、応永27年(1420年)に蘆名盛政は新宮城_(陸奥国)を落とし、当主・新宮盛俊は戦死し、残党は越後に落ち延びた。
- Even after that, they fought back and forth at each other, but in 1420 Morimasa ASHINA conquered Shingu-jo Castle (Mutsu Province) and Moritoshi SHINGU, the lord of the castle, was killed in battle and the remainders (of the defeated party) escaped to Echigo.
- 続いて奥保鞏大将率いる第2軍 (日本軍)が遼東半島の塩大墺に上陸し、5月26日、旅順半島の付け根にある南山のロシア軍陣地を攻略した(南山の戦い)。
- The Second Troops (the Japanese Army) under the command of General Yasukata OKU landed on Yandayu on the Liaodong Peninsula and captured the Russian position in Nanshan May 26th (Battle of Nanshan).
- 秀吉上陸を察知した島津軍は北部九州を半ば放棄、島津氏の支配が表面的な占領軍政に過ぎなかったこともあり、瞬く間に島津氏の支配している城を陥落させる。
- Upon sensing the landing of Hideyoshi, Shimazu's army almost abandoned northern Kyushu, and Hideyoshi captured castles ruled by the Shimazu clan instantly, partly because the rule by the Shimazu clan was nothing more than a formal rule by occupation forces.
- 日本軍最左翼に位置するためあらたに派遣された明水軍が加わり水陸からの激しい攻撃を受けるが防衛に成功し、明・朝鮮連合軍を後退させた(順天城の戦い)。
- Since it was located in the extreme left wing of the Japanese camp, it was attacked fiercely both from sea and land, but he succeeded in defending their position and forced the Ming and Korean forces to retreat (the Battle of Suncheon Castle).
- 近畿から東海、北陸にかけての広い範囲、現在の愛知県、岐阜県、富山県、滋賀県、京都府、奈良県に相当する地域に跨って甚大な被害を及ぼしたと伝えられる。
- It was said to have devastated a large area across the Kinki, Tokai and Hokuriku regions, which is equivalent to the current area of Aichi Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, Toyama Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture and Nara Prefecture.
- 1944年(昭和19年)、東條内閣が総辞職した際に、東條英機が後継の小磯内閣の陸軍大臣として居残るという動きがあった(東條は首相兼陸相であった)。
- In 1944, when the Tojo Cabinet dissolved, there was a move by Hideki TOJO to remain as the Minister of War for the replacement Koiso Cabinet (Tojo was the Prime Minister and the War Minister).
- 大日本帝国陸軍の場合、同年制式採用兵器の数字は百式重爆撃機、一〇〇式司令部偵察機、一〇〇式輸送機など海軍と異なり零ではなく百(一〇〇)としている。
- In the case of the Imperial Japanese Army, the number for the weapons employed in the same year was not zero as in the Navy but 100 such as Type 100 heavy bomber, Type 100 headquarters reconnaissance plane, Type 100 transport plane, etc.
- なお、軍団・兵士が廃止されなかった地域、すなわち、佐渡・西海道では海外諸国の潜在的な脅威が存在していたし、陸奥・出羽では対蝦夷戦争が継続していた。
- Meanwhile, as for those regions in which conventional cohorts and soldiers were not abolished, Sado Province and the Saika-do Region still faced potential threats from abroad, and Mutsu and Dewa Provinces continued fighting against Ezo.
- 8月14日、義仲は新帝即位に介入し、今度の大功は自らが推戴してきた北陸宮の力であるとして、この宮を天皇として即位させるよう朝廷に執拗に申し立てた。
- On August 14th, Yoshinaka intervened on the enthronement of the new emperor by claiming that this great achievement was due to Prince Hokuriku whom he backed up; he insisted the Imperial Court to enthrone the Prince as the emperor.
- 寿永元年、北陸では逃れてきた以仁王の子を北陸宮として擁護し、以仁王挙兵を継承する立場を明示し、京の重要な食料供給源である北陸を勢力圏として固めた。
- Prince Mochihito's son evacuated to Hokuriku, and supporting him as Prince Hokuriku [Yoshinaka] declared his continued support of Prince Mochihito's army in 1182 and took control of Hokuriku, which was an important food source for the capital.
- 大東亜戦争中に京都学派と大日本帝国海軍との間で定期的に行われ、東條内閣打倒や大日本帝国陸軍の方針の是正が話し合われた秘密会合の常連出席者であった。
- They were regular participants of closed-door meetings during the Greater East Asia War that were periodically held between the Kyoto School and the Imperial Japanese Navy, topics being about the overthrow of the Tojo cabinet and the restoration of the course of the Imperial Japanese Army.
- 新政府は7日に慶喜追討令を出し、9日に有栖川宮熾仁親王を東征大総督(征討大総督)に任じ、東海・東山・北陸三道の軍を指揮させ、東国経略に乗り出した。
- The new government issued the decree to find and kill Yoshinobu on the 7th, and on the 9th, Imperial Prince Taruhito, Arisugawa-no-miya was appointed to Tosei-daitokufu, and was allowed to take command of Tokai, Higashiyama and the Three Roads of Hokuriku to work for Togoku-keiryaku (the government of the eastern countries).
- この戦争により、陸軍においては白兵突撃至上主義が、海軍においては艦隊決戦至上主義が確立され、後の太平洋戦争まで両者共に大きく影響を及ぼすことになる。
- The Russo-Japanese War cemented the centrality of charge tactics in the army, and decisive encounter between fleets in the navy tactics that would significantly influence both institutions until the Second World War.
- 遊牧民族であるモンゴル人は船上の戦法を心得ておらず、モンゴル軍が有効に活用し、連戦連勝を重ねてきた得意の騎馬隊を上陸戦のため使うことができなかった。
- Since the Mongols were a nomadic people, they were not familiar with conducting battle in ships, and also could not use their cavalry, which they had been using well to achieve successive victories.
- 日本陸軍はスナイドル銃を主力装備としていたが、その弾薬は薩摩藩が設立した兵器・弾薬工場が前身である鹿児島属廠で製造され、ほぼ独占的に供給されていた。
- The Japanese Army had Snider rifles as the main weapon, and the ammunition was manufactured and almost exclusively supplied by the Kagoshima arsenal, which had been developed from the arms and ammunition plant set up by the Satsuma Domain.
- 師房の五世孫内大臣源通親(1149年 - 1202年)は高階栄子と組んで時の関白九条兼実を追い落とし、「源博陸」とあだ名されるほどの権勢家であった。
- Naidaijin (minister) MINAMOTO no Michichika (1149 to 1202), who was Morofusa's fifth-generation grandson, expelled the chief advisor to the Emperor Kanezane KUJO in a conspiracy with TAKASHINA no Eishi, and was a person who flaunted his power, thereby earning the nickname 'Gen Haku Riku.'
- 水戸家の支系(御連枝)は、讃岐国高松藩の高松松平家、陸奥国守山藩の守山松平家、常陸国常陸府中藩の府中松平家、常陸国宍戸藩の宍戸松平家の4家を数える。
- The subsidiary lines (called 'Gorenshi') of the Mito family were the Takamatsu Matsudaira family of Takamatsu Domain in Sanuki Province, the Moriyama Matsudaira family of Moriyama Domain in Mutsu Province, the Fuchu Matsudaira family of Hitachifuchu Domain in Hitachi Province, and the Shishido Matsudaira family of Shishido Domain in Hitachi Province.
- 現在もそれらを踏襲する名神高速道路・新名神高速道路・北陸自動車道・国道1号・国道8号・国道21号や東海道新幹線・東海道本線・草津線・北陸本線が通る。
- Roads and railways that have adhered to the roads mentioned above go through the area: Meishin Expressway, Shin Meishin Expressway, Hokuriku Expressway, Route 1, Route 8, and Route 21, and Tokaido Shinkansen, JR Tokaido Main Line, JR Kusatsu Line, and Hokuriku Main Line.
- 5月、勝元は北陸に落ちていた政長を含む全国の同盟者に呼びかけ、花の御所を制し、戦火から保護するという名目で将軍らを確保、天皇、上皇を室町亭に迎える。
- In May, Katsumoto successfully called on his allies nationwide, including Masanaga who had taken refuge in Hokuriku, to occupy Hana no Gosho, took into custody the Shogun and others on the pretext of protecting them from warfare, and invited the incumbent and retired emperors to Muromachi-dai.
- 現在では、1担は100斤と定義されており、中国大陸ではちょうど50 キログラム、香港では60.478982 kg、台湾ではちょうど60 kgとなる。
- Currently one tan is defined as 100 kin, and it is equivalent to exactly 50 kg in the mainland China, 60.478982 kg in Hong Kong and exactly 60 kg in Taiwan respectively.
- 780年(宝亀11年)には伊治呰麻呂が陸奥按察使紀広純を殺害し多賀城を焼き払うという事態に至り、これ以降蝦夷征討といわれる果てしない戦いへと突入する。
- In 780, KOREHARI no Azamaro killed KI no Hirozumi, the Mutsu no Azechi (Inspector of Mutsu), and burnt down Taga-jo Castle, spurring endless war thereafter known as Ezo Seito ('The Ezo Conquest').
- 西郷軍の士気が高かったのは西郷隆盛が総大将であったからだと考え明治政府は、天皇を大日本帝国陸軍・海軍の大元帥に就かせて軍の士気高揚を図るようになった。
- Reasoning that the supreme commander Takamori SAIGO raised the fighting spirit of Saigo's army, the national government in the Meiji period appointed Emperor to the commander-in-chief of the Imperial Army and Navy to raise the morale of the armies.
- そのもっとも早い例は、1234年(天福 (日本)2)に常陸大掾氏の一族・烟田(かまた)秀幹が、その相伝の所領4ヶ村を、嫡子朝秀への継がせた譲状である。
- Its earliest example was Hidemoto KAMATA of the Hitachi Daijo clan, who passed his estate of four villages over to his legitimate child, Tomohide in 1234.
- 柴田勝家 - 上杉対策を前田利家、佐々成政らに託し京に向かったが、越前・近江国境の北陸道に到達したところで合戦の情報が入り、そのまま清洲城に向かった。
- Katsuie SHIBATA: Leaving anti-Uesugi maneuvers to Toshiie MAEDA, Narimasa SASSA and others, he headed for Kyoto, but when he reached Hokurikudo on the border of Omi and Echizen provinces, he learned of the outbreak of the battle, and went straight on to Kiyosu-jo Castle.
- 車:北陸自動車道長浜インターチェンジから滋賀県道37号中山東上坂線を左折して国道東上坂交差点まで直進し、国道東上坂交差点で左折して国道365号を北上。
- Car: From Nagahama Interchange of Hokuriku Expressway, turn to the left to Shiga Prefectural Road 37 Nakayama-Higashikozaka Line, drive straight, turn to the left at Higashikozaka Intersection of the National Road and drive on National Road 365 to the north.
- 明治44年(1911年)の段階の陸軍入隊者の感染検査で、鹿児島県九州本島部分出身者の感染率は4%を超えていたし、北は青森県まで感染者が確認されている。
- In infection tests of army recruits conducted as of 1911, the infection rate was found to be greater than 4% among individuals from Kagoshima Prefecture on Kyushu Island, with the infection found in as gar north as Aomori Prefecture.
- さらに五畿七道として、畿内と東海道・東山道・北陸道・山陰道・山陽道・南海道・西海道の七道に区分され、その内部は66国と壱岐国・対馬国の2嶋が配分された。
- In addition, as Goki shichido (lit. 'five provinces and seven circuits,' the name for ancient administrative units), the whole region was divided into kinai (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara), the 'seven circuits' of Tokaido, Tozando, Hokurikudo, Sanindo, Sanyodo, Nankaido and Saikaido, which were divided into 66 provinces and two islands, Iki Province and Tsushima Province.
- 舞鶴鎮守府隷下の舞鶴海軍航空隊は偵察部隊であるため、舞鶴軍港の防空に必要な陸上機が駐留できる基地として、中郡 (京都府)京丹後市に河辺飛行場を造成した。
- The Maizuru Naval Air Squadron which belonged to the Maizuru Naval Rear Unit Headquarters was a patrol unit, so the Kawabe Air Base was constructed in Kyotango City, Chugun (Kyoto Prefecture) so that the army planes necessary to defend the air space above Maizuru military port could be stationed.
- 黒木為楨大将率いる日本陸軍の第1軍 (日本軍)は朝鮮半島に上陸し、4月30日-5月1日、安東(現・丹東)近郊の鴨緑江岸でロシア軍を破った(鴨緑江会戦)。
- The First Troops of the Imperial Japanese Army under the command of General Tamemoto KUROKI landed on the Korean Peninsula and defeated the Russian army on the shores of the Oryokko River near Anton (present Tanton) in an engagement that lasted between April 30th and May 1st (Battle of the Oryokko River).
- 古くは縄文時代の終わり、約2500年前頃よりアジア大陸から、春秋時代やその後の戦国時代 (中国)にかけての混乱と戦災を避けて日本に渡ってきたと思われる。
- It seems that they came to Japan avoiding turmoil and war damage of the Chunqiu period to the later Warring States period (in China) from the Asian Continent about 2500 years ago, at the end of the Jomon period in days gone by.
- マルコ・ポーロの東方見聞録に登場する黄金の国ジパングのイメージは、奥州藤原氏(後に安東氏)による十三湊大陸貿易によってもたらされたと考える研究者もいる。
- Some researchers believe that the image of the golden country of Jipang, which is mentioned in 'The Travels of Marco Polo,' was brought about through trade with the Asian continent through the port of Tosaminato by the Oshu-Fujiwara clan (later the Ando clan).
- 湖上を介した水運は陸上交通の発達によって斜陽となったが、高度経済成長期には琵琶湖から運河を掘削して日本海や太平洋・瀬戸内海を結ぶ運河構想が持ち上がった。
- Water transport via the lake declined due to the development of road transport, but the plan to build canals from Lake Biwa to the Sea of Japan, the Pacific Ocean and the Seto Inland Sea were conceived during a period of high economic growth.
- これらの地方王国は、北陸地方(越国)や山陰地方(因幡国、出雲国など)や北部九州(筑紫国、末盧国など)の地方王国と共に、日本海沿岸の一大勢力を築いていた。
- These local kingdoms, along with counterparts of Hokuriku region (Koshi Province), Sanin region (Inaba Province and Izumo Province), Northern Kyushu (Tsukushi Province and Matsura Kingdom), had great influence throughout the Japan Sea side of Japan.
- それを受けた薩摩藩軍楽隊隊員の依頼を当時薩摩藩歩兵隊長である大山弥助(後の大山巌、日本陸軍元帥)が受け、大山の愛唱歌より歌詞が採用された(前節も参照)。
- Yasuke OYAMA, who was at that time the commander of the infantry of the Satsuma Domain, (later Iwao OYAMA, who was a marshal of the Imperial Japanese Army) received the request from the squad leader of the military band of the Satsuma Domain, who acted in response to the advice, and the words were adopted from Oyama's favorite song (Also, refer to the preceding clause).
- 天長3年に初めて3国の太守に任じられたのは、賀陽親王(常陸国太守)、仲野親王(上総国太守)、 葛井親王(上野国太守)で、いずれも桓武天皇の皇子であった。
- Those who were firstly appointed to the kokushu of the above three provinces in 826 were Imperial Prince Kaya (Taishu of Hitachi Province), Imperial Prince Nakano (Taishu of Kazusa Province), and Imperial Prince Kadoi (Taishu of Kozuke Province) and all of them were Emperor Kanmu's princes.
- 旧幕府軍は松前、江差などを占領するも、要となる開陽丸を座礁沈没させて失い海軍へ兵力は低下、宮古湾海戦を挑んだものの敗れ、新政府軍の蝦夷地への上陸を許す。
- Even though the former Shogunate forces occupied Matsumae and Esashi, they wrecked the Kayo Maru Warship, the core of their forces, and in effect the navy deteriorated; they fought against the new government's forces at the Battle of Miyakowan Bay, but lost, allowing the government's forces to land at Ezochi.
- また漢唐の訓詁学や清の考証学との違いを鮮明にするときは、(宋 (王朝)明)理学と呼び、同じ理学でも朱子学と区別する際には心学あるいは明学、陸王学ともいう。
- In order to highlight its differences with Kunko-gaku (exegetics) during the Kan and Tang dysnasties and Koshogaku (study of old documents) during the Qing dynasty, Yomei-gaku is sometimes called Somin Ri-gaku, which is a general term used to describe Confucian studies during the Song and Ming dysnasties, and among Ri-gaku, Yomei-gaku is further called Shin-gaku, Min-gaku, or Rikuo-gaku to distinguish it from Shushi-gaku (Zhu Xi school).
- 明治政府は有栖川宮熾仁親王を鹿児島県逆徒征討総督(総司令官)に任じ、実質的総司令官になる参軍(副司令官)には山縣有朋陸軍中将と川村純義海軍中将を任命した。
- The Meiji government appointed Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito to Governor-General on Suppression of the rebellion of Kagoshima Prefecture (supreme commander), and appointed Lieutenant General of the Imperial Army Aritomo YAMAGATA and Vice Admiral of the Imperial Navy Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA to Sangun (seconds-in-command), which were to be the virtual supreme commanders.
- 以後、安東尋季、安東舜季、安東愛季、秋田実季まで5代にわたり下国家檜山安東氏の居城となり、ここを本拠に陸奥国比内、同国阿仁方面に勢力を拡大したと見られる。
- After that, the castle was used by Hirosue ANDO, Kiyosue ANDO, Chikasue ANDO, Sanesuke AKITA as the headquarters of the Hiyama Ando clan of Shimonokuni family during five generations, and it seems that the clan extended its influence toward Hinai as well as Ani in Mutsu Province, using the castle as its stronghold.
- 尊卑文脈によれば、有光~四代目の世代(鎌倉前期)の頃に、陸奥石川氏は一族・庶流の分立を進め、城・館を築き石川庄の村々に一族の地頭を配置していったと思われる。
- According to Lineage Sects of Noble and Humble, during the period of the generations from Arimitsu to the fourth head of the clan (the early Kamakura period), the Mutsu Ishikawa clan seemed to have promoted separation of the clan and the illegitimate lineage, have built castles and residents and have posted managers and lords of the manors of the clan in hamlets in the Ishikawa village.
- 留守政府の元で徴兵令(海陸警備ノ制)・学制(教令率育ノ道)・司法改革(審理刑罰ノ法)・地租改正(理財会計ノ方)といった新しい制度が行われていくことになった。
- Various new systems were implemented by rusu-seifu, including Conscription Ordinance (kairiku keibi no sei), education system (kyoiku sotsuiku no michi), judicial reform (shinri keibatsu no ho) and land tax reform (rizai kaikei no ho).
- 江戸の他においても弾左衛門の支配は、関八州(水戸藩・日光東照宮)、伊豆国、陸奥国の南端、甲斐国・駿河国の一部に及び、当該地域の非人は弾左衛門の配下となった。
- Kanhasshu or the eight provinces of Kanto region (the Mito Domain ・Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine), Izu Province, the southern end of Mutsu Province and a part of Kai Province ・Suruga Province besides Edo were in the control of Danzaemon, so Hinin people in these regions were under Danzaemon.
- 第二次西園寺公望内閣のとき、緊縮財政による国家財政再建や行政整理を理由に、西園寺公望首相が、陸軍による「二個師団増設」の要求を拒否した(二個師団増設問題)。
- During the second Kinmochi SAIONJI Cabinet, because of the national financial reconstruction and the administration by reduced budget, Prime Minister Kinomochi SAIONJI refused the Army's 'two division expansion' demand (two divisions' expansion issue).
- 鎌倉時代には陸奥国・下野国・常陸国の他にも出雲国、但馬国、伊勢国、駿河国、備中国、上野国、出羽国、越後国などでも地頭職を得ており、各地に分流が派生している。
- During the Kamakura Period, the Date clan was appointed as jitoshiki (manager and lord of manor) not only in Mutsu Province, Shimotsuke Province and Hitachi Province, but also in other provinces including Izumo Province, Tajima Province, Ise Province, Suruga Province, Bicchu Province, Kozuke Province, Dewa Province and Echigo Province, which helped its branch families spread in those areas.
- 江戸や品川は利根川(現在の古利根川・中川)や荒川 (関東)などの河口に近く、北関東の内陸部から水運を用いて鎌倉・小田原城・西国方面に出る際の中継地点となった。
- Due to their proximity to the Ara-kara River and Tone-gawa River (present-day, Furutone-gawa River and Naka-gawa River) estuaries, the ports of Edo and Shinagawa served as important hubs for riverine transportation from inland areas of the northern Kanto to places such as Kamakura and Odawara Castle, and locations as far as western parts of Japan.
- 総勢3万余の大軍が瀬戸内海を渡り新居郡内の御代島・沢津(共に現新居浜市)の二手に分かれて上陸し現地の城を破り進軍、新居の総大将 金子元宅率いる金子城を目指す。
- Huge numbers of troops totaling more than 30,000, crossed the Seto Inland Sea and landed from two directions, at Miyoshima and Sawatsu in Nii County (both of them are situated in what is now Niihama City), and, after destroying the castles there, the troops proceeded to Kaneko-jo Castle, which was dominated by Motoie KANEKO, the commander general in Nii County.
- しかし攻撃は失敗し、帰路に巨済島で停泊していたところを水陸から攻撃され、朝鮮水軍は幹部指揮官、元均、李億祺、崔湖の戦死と共に壊滅的打撃を被った(漆川梁海戦)。
- However, the attack failed and, when they anchored at Geoje Island on their way back, they were attacked both from the land and sea and the Korean navy suffered catastrophic damage including deaths of senior commanders, Won Gyun, Lee Eokgi, and 崔湖 (the Naval Battle of Chilcheollyang).
- また、陸続きの隣国が存在せず、また天皇を君主とした国家体制が続いてきたこともあり、隣国との通謀や亡命の可能性が低く、天皇を抜きとした政権転覆も考えにくかった。
- Japan was an island country and with its stable state system with the emperor, betrayal or defection to neighboring countries, as well as overthrowing the government without an emperor, was unlikely.
- 前代との大きな相違は、日本列島の文化が外来の文化や技術の影響を受けるようになったことであり、稲作農耕と金属器が中国大陸からもたらされ、文化は新たな時代に入った。
- What differed greatly from the previous period was that Japanese culture became influenced by foreign culture and technology, and rice growing and metal artifacts, both from China, led Japanese culture to a new age.
- 同年には再び知門下省事・申思佺、侍郎・陳子厚および潘阜ら高麗使臣が正使・黒的、副使・殷弘をともなって派遣され、第2回目の使節が日本へ上陸したが、これを黙殺した。
- In the same year, vasslas from Goryeo were sent again, including chancellor Shin Shisen, assistant chancellor Chin Shiko and Hanpu, accompanying chief envoy Kokuteki and vice-envoy Inko, but Japan ignored these second envoys who reached there.
- 安倍氏は北上川流域の奥六郡(現在の岩手県内陸部)を拠点として糠部(現在の青森県東部)から亘理・伊具(現在の宮城県南部)にいたる広大な地域に影響力を発揮していた。
- The Abe clan established its foothold in Okuroku-gun (inland six districts, at present the inland area of Iwate Prefecture) surrounding the Kitakami-gawa River, and exhibited great influence on the vast regions from Nukanobu (at present the eastern part of Aomori Prefecture) to Watari and Igu (at present the southern part of Miyagi Prefecture).
- 伊達稙宗は陸奥守護職に補任し、奥州探題であった大崎氏の内紛を解決して、大崎義宣を養子に入れて傘下に取り込み、出羽国の最上氏も勢力圏に組み込むなど大きく飛躍した。
- After appointed as Mutsu shugoshiki (provincial constables of Mutsu Province), Tanemune DATE drastically increased its influence by adopting Yoshinobu OSAKI in return for solving an internal conflict of the Osaki clan (then-Oshu Tandai), and putting the Osaki clan and later the Mogami clan of Dewa Province under control.
- そのほかにも、地球温暖化により内陸部の降水量減少や気圧配置の変化が引き起こされ、それらが乾燥化や強風の増加をもたらして、黄砂の増加に関係しているとの考えもある。
- In addition, there is also another theory that global warming has been related to an increase in kosa in the following way: Global warming has caused the amount of rainfall in the inner land to decrease and has also caused the atmospheric pressure patterns to change, consequently expanding dry area and increasing the occurrence of strong winds.
- 平氏一門は保元の乱の結果、清盛が播磨守、平頼盛が安芸守、平教盛が淡路守、平経盛が常陸介となり兄弟で四ヶ国の受領を占めるなど、その実力は無視できないものがあった。
- The end result of the Hogen Rebellion was favorable to the Taira clan, with Kiyomori made governor of Harima Province and TAIRA no Yorimori governor of Aki Province, TAIRA no Norimori governor of Awaji Province, and TAIRA no Tsunemori assistant governor of Hitachi Province; the Taira's power and influence, what with a single set of brothers now controlling four provinces, could no longer be ignored.
- その後、幹部を決定する選挙が行われ、榎本を総裁とする蝦夷共和国(五稜郭が本陣)が成立、歳三は幹部として陸軍奉行並となり、箱館市中取締や陸海軍裁判局頭取も兼ねた。
- Subsequently, an election to determine leaders was held, and Ezo Republic (headquarters in Goryokaku) was established; Toshizo, as one of the leaders, became vice-minister of the Army and concurrently served as Torishimari of Hakodate city and chief of the Court of the Army and the Navy.
- 大正2年(1913年)の予算策定に向けて歳出1割減を目標としたが、大日本帝国陸軍は2個師団の増設を要求し、大日本帝国海軍もまた戦艦3隻建造を予算案に盛り込んだ。
- His draft of the budget for 1913 aimed to reduce spending by 10%, but the Imperial Japan Army demanded the addition of two military divisions, and the Imperial Japan Navy also added construction of three battleships in the budget proposal.
- しかし、鎌倉幕府との結びつきが強かったことを理由に新政府に冷遇され、第14代石川貞光の時、陸奥守北畠顕家は古来から石川氏が治めていた領地を結城家や和地氏に与える。
- Nevertheless, the Ishikawa clan was treated coldly by the new government for the reason that it was tied closely with the Kamakura bakufu, and in the time of Sadamitsu ISHIKAWA, the fourteenth head of the family, the Governor of Mutsu Province, Akiie KITABATAKE, distributed the fief traditionally succeeded and controlled by Ishikawa clan to the Yuki family and the Wachi clan.
- 白村江の戦いの翌年(664年)に行政機能は内陸の大宰府(現在の太宰府市)に移転、那津のほとりには大宰府の機関のひとつとして海外交流および国防の拠点施設が残された。
- After the transfer of the administrative function to the inland office 'Dazaifu' (Government Headquarters in Kyushu located at the present Dazaifu City) in 664, one year after the Battle of Hakusukinoe, a facility functioning as a base for overseas exchanges as well as national defense was left near Nanotsu as one of the organizations belonging to the Dazaifu.
- その他、美濃国では大垣城が全壊焼失、近江国では長浜城 (近江国)が全壊し城主山内一豊の息女与祢姫が死亡するなど、近畿、東海、北陸にかけての各地で甚大な被害が出た。
- The greatest damage was brought on the regions of Kinki, Tokai and Hokuriku by the earthquake, such as the case of the Ogaki-jo Castle of Mino Province which was completely destroyed and burned, as well as the case of the Nagahama-jo Castle of Omi Province which was also completely destroyed and Yonehime, who was the daughter of the castellan Katsutoyo YAMAUCHI, died.
- この圧力に対抗するため、陸奥、出羽及び越後の諸藩により奥羽越列藩同盟(北部政府)が結成され、輪王寺宮公現法親王(のちの北白川宮能久親王)が擁立された(東武皇帝)。
- To address this move, an alliance was formed among clans in Mutsu, Dewa, and Echigo (in the north-eastern region of Japan), supporting Cloistered Imperial Prince Rinojinomiya Kogen, later Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa (also known as Tobu Emperor).
- 薩軍の主力が北部戦線に移った後も熊本城の長囲は続けられていたが、官軍衝背軍の上陸と熊本鎮台との連絡がついたことから長囲策は破綻し、戦線は熊本城の南部東部に移った。
- Although the Satsuma army kept the drawn-out siege of Kumamoto Castle even after it transferred the main force to the northern front, the drawn-out siege failed and the front moved to the south and east of Kumamoto Castle when Shohaigun (rear attack force) of the government army disembarked and established communications with Kumamoto Garrison.
- 当初、関東や北陸で勃興した反平氏勢力は、旧勢力の期待するところであって平氏政権を排除した後は、それまでの歴史の通りにいずれ中央政府に帰順するものと考えられていた。
- Initially, the anti-Taira clan forces that began in the Kanto and Hokuriku regions were acting as the old regime anticipated and it was thought that after the Taira clan government was removed, the country would return to a central government as in the past.
- 29日、従来は危険なために公示したうえで標識を付けて白昼運び出していたのに、陸軍の草牟田火薬庫の火薬・弾薬が夜中に公示も標識もなしに運び出され、赤龍丸に移された。
- On the 29th, because it is dangerous, they announced and pledged that it would be carried out in the daytime, but the gun powder and explosives were carried out from Kusamuta Magazine of the army to the Sekiryu-maru without notice or a sign at night.
- 漢城に集結して和平交渉を始めていた日本軍だが、本土から釜山までの海路の補給は維持していたが、釜山から漢城までの陸路の治安が悪化して食糧などの補給が滞りがちであった。
- The Japanese army that had assembled in Hancheng and commenced peace talks, maintained the route for supplies by sea from Japan to Busan, but the security of the land route from Busan to Hancheng had deteriorated and, therefore, supplies of food etc. were stacking up.
- 1913年(大正2年)6月13日、第1次山本内閣において、陸軍省官制および海軍省官制を改正して、軍部大臣の補任資格を現役将官に限るとの規定を削除した(附表、別表)。
- In June 13, 1913, with the first Yamamoto Cabinet, the Department of War and the Department of the Navy were revised; the rule to limit the Military Ministers' appointing authority to only active officers was crossed off (appended table, appendix).
- この制度を復活させた広田内閣は、腹切り問答によって自らが制定した軍部大臣現役武官制による陸軍大臣と揉めて、議会を解散する要求を拒絶する代わりに総辞職に追い込まれた。
- The Hirota Cabinet, which revived this system, had a conflict due to the Harakiri Mondo (the Harakiri questionaires) with the Minister of War over Gunbu Daijin Geneki Bukan sei which he formulated himself, and was driven to resign instead of commanding the assembly to dismiss.
- 明治政府は、陸奥国から4国を分立させ、出羽国を2国に分割し、北海道 (令制)に11国を新設し、さらに琉球国を置いて85国としたが、国単位での行政機関を置かなかった。
- The Meiji government separated 4 provinces from Mutsu Province, divided Dewa Province into 2 provinces, newly established 11 provinces in Hokkaido and established Ryukyu Province to set up 85 provinces in total, but it did not found administrative organs in every province.
- よって、頼朝の要請した対象地域には現在義仲が軍事的に占領している全地域すなわち京都を含めた畿内一帯も含まれていたが、北陸道の除外によって畿内も当然除外されたとする。
- Therefore, the area that was requested by Yoritomo to be covered by the decree had included the whole area under Yoshinaka's military occupation at that time, namely the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) including Kyoto, but there is no doubt that the Kinai region was excluded from the decree at the time of the exclusion of the Hokurikudo, according to KOUCHI.
- 近年では、旧丹波国にも工業団地が造成され、畿内(大阪市)から丹後(舞鶴市)を経て北陸(敦賀市)を結ぶ舞鶴若狭自動車道が建設されるなど、南北格差の是正が図られている。
- In recent years, the disparity between the northen and southern areas has been corrected gradually, for examples, through the construction of industrial parks in the former Tanba Province area and that of Maizuru Wakasa Expressway, which connects the Hokuriku region (Tsuruga City) to the Kinai region (Osaka) via Tango (Maizuru City).
- 洋学校(現・愛知県立旭丘高等学校)卒業後、当時、ロシアとの間に結ばれた千島樺太交換条約をうけて、ロシアに対する日本の危機感を持ち、陸軍士官学校 (日本)を受験した。
- After Shimei graduated from a school of western studies (the present-day Aichi Prefectural Asahigaoka High School), the Treaty of Saint Petersburg, signed between Japan and Russia at the time, roused in him a feeling that Japan was in a crisis against Russia, and he applied to the Military Academy (Japan).
- このように江戸時代に既に存在した義経が大陸渡航し女真(満州)になったという風説から、明治時代になると義経がチンギス・ハーンになったという説が唱えられるようになった。
- There was also another rumor which had already existed during the Edo period that Yoshitsune went to the continent and became a Jurchen (in Manchuria), and based on this rumor, a legend that Yoshitsune had become Genghis Khan, that was born in the Meiji period.
- 出雲国守護の塩冶高貞も足利尊氏に味方、扶重も尊氏方に属し、延元2年/建武4年(1337年)には北陸方面で戦い、金ヶ崎城攻略戦や美濃国での北畠顕家への押さえに当たった。
- As Takasada ENYA, the military governor of Izumo Province, took the side of Takauji ASHIKAGA, Sukeshige also belonged to the side of Takauji and fought in the north central region where he participated in the battle of reducing Kanagasakijo Castle as well as suppressing of Akiie KITABATAKE in Mino Province in 1337.
- 養和の北陸出兵(ようわのほくりくしゅっぺい)とは、養和元年(1181年)7月頃から活発化した北陸地方反乱勢力に対する平家の追討活動のことである(養和元年11月まで)。
- The Yowa no Hokuriku syuppei (the dispatch of troops to Hokuriku region in the Yowa period) was conducted by the Heike in order to track down and kill the rebelling powers in the Hokuriku region, and intensified around September 1181 (ending around December 1181 or January 1182 (November 1181 by the old lunar calendar)).
- また、安芸国の小早川氏、伊予国の越智氏や河野氏、三浦半島の三浦氏、津軽地方の安東氏などは、陸の武士であると同時に支配下の沿海土豪からなる水軍を擁した海賊衆でもあった。
- And the Kobayakawa clan in Aki Province, the Ochi and Kono clan in Iyo Province, the Miura clan in the Miura Peninsula and Ando clan in Tsugaru region were not only samurai on land, but also Kaizoku shu (pirates) that held suigun navies made up of coastal local ruling clans.
- 弥生式土器は地理的に中国大陸や朝鮮半島に近い北部九州で最初に出現したもので、他の地方でも縄文式土器に代わって製作されるようになり、北海道を除く日本全国に分布している。
- The Yayoi pottery was made at first in the northern part of the Kyushu region, which is situated close to China and the Korean Peninsula, and then Yayoi pottery began to replace Jomon pottery in other regions as well, so the excavation site of the Yayoi pottery ranges nationwide except for Hokkaido Island.
- また、大陸側でも、広開土王碑400年条の「任那」が初出で、『宋書』では「弁辰」が消えて、438年条に「任那」が見え、451年条に「任那、伽耶」と2国が併記されている。
- Similarly, even on the mainland side, 'Mimana' appears at the very beginning of the Article of year 400 of the Gwanggaeto Stele, and from 'Sungshu' (Book of the Sung Dynasty), 'Byeonjin' disappears, and 'Mimana' appears in the Article of year 438, and lastly, in the Article of year 451, the two countries of 'Mimana, Gaya' are written down together.
- そこで村田三介は三将に寡兵が随従する策を、野村忍介は野村自身が寡兵を率いて海路で小浜に出て、そこから陸路で京都に行き、行幸で京都にいる天皇に直接上奏する策を主張した。
- Then, Sansuke MURATA said that a small army should accompany the three leaders, whereas Oshisuke NOMURA said that he would lead a small army to Obama by sea and from there to Kyoto by land to directly report the matters to the Emperor who would be there for an imperial visit.
- これは明治時代に旧大日本帝国陸軍参謀本部が制定したものとされ、安居神社にある「眞田幸村戦死跡之碑」には戦死の地の選定に関しての参謀本部の関与を示す一文が刻まれている。
- This is assumed to have been established by Imperial Japanese Army Saff Headquarters in the Meiji period, and on 'Sanada Yukimura Senshi Ato no Hi (monument) ' in Yasui-jinja Shrine, one sentence showing the involvement of the Saff Headquarters in selecting the place where Yukimonura died.
- さらに、徳大寺実則の長女順子は、鷹司信輔の父である鷹司煕通(陸軍少将、侍従長)へ嫁ぐ、というように、鷹司家と徳大寺家は網の目のような連綿とした濃い血のつながりがある。
- Moreover, as Sanetsune TOKUDAIJI's eldest daughter Junko married Hiromichi TAKATSUKASA (an army major-general and the grand chamberlain), the father of Nobusuke TAKATSUKASA, the Takatsukasa and Tokudaiji families have a finely meshed pattern of strong blood connections.
- 頼朝は、後白河法皇から上洛を催促されたが、鎌倉に留まって逆に法皇へ東海道・東山道・北陸道の国衙領・荘園をもとのように、国司・本所へ返還させる内容の宣旨発布を要請する。
- Yoritomo was requested by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa to come to Kyoto, but he stayed in Kamakura and asked the Cloistered Emperor to issue an imperial order regarding the return of Kokugaryo (property governed by the local provincial office), and shoen (private estates) in Tokai-do, Tosan-do and Hokuriku-do Roads back to the kokushi (provincial governors) and honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor).
- また、これに関連して義材派の山城守護・伊勢貞陸(貞宗の子)が、山城国一揆を主導してきた国人層を懐柔して政元への抵抗を試み、また、政元も対抗策として同様の措置を採った。
- Also, in connection to this, the military governor of Yamashiro, Sadamichi ISE (the son of Sadamune), who was close to Yoshiki, won over the local samurai class who had led an uprising in Yamashiro Province and tried to resist Masamoto, and Masamoto used the same technique as a countermeasure.
- 日本海が海上交易の中心だった明治以前には、若狭湾で陸揚げされた物資が琵琶湖を通じて京都、さらには淀川経由で大阪方面へと運ばれており、内水系の重要港湾が数多く存在した。
- When Japan Sea was the center of commerce at sea before the Meiji period, goods landed from Wakasa Bay were carried to Kyoto via Lake Biwa, and then to Osaka via the Yodo-gawa River, which meant that there were a lot of important inland water ports in Shiga.
- 江戸時代には、上述の内陸水系物流ルート上の京都・大坂(上方)に、海路では西廻り航路(北前船)や東廻り航路(菱垣廻船・樽廻船)が繋がり、陸路では五街道などが整備された。
- In the Edo period, the westward sea route (from the northeast Japan to Osaka)(kitamae-bune vessel), and the eastward sea route (from the northeast Japan to Edo) (higaki-kaisen vessel, taru-kaisen vessel) were connected with Kyoto and Osaka (Kamigata area) on the inland water logistics route stated above, and the five main roads (Gokaido) were prepared as land routes.
- 渡来人(とらいじん)とは、広義には、海外から日本に渡って来た人々を意味するが、狭義には、中国大陸から南西諸島・朝鮮半島などを経由して、古代日本に渡来帰化した人々を指す。
- Toraijin refers to people who came to Japan from abroad in a broad sense, but it also refers to people who became naturalized citizens of Japan from the Chinese continent via the Nansei Islands or the Korean Peninsula in ancient times in a limited sense.
- 日露戦争当時、日本海軍はロシア海軍が本土に上陸する地点は若狭湾であると想定し、京都への侵攻を防ぐため舞鶴に海軍基地、舞鶴から高浜町にかけての海岸沿いには砲台を設置した。
- Before the Russo-Japanese War, the Imperial Japanese Navy assumed that the landing point of the Russian Navy would be Wakasa Bay, so they established a naval base in Maizuru and gun batteries along the coast from Maizuru to Takahama-cho.
- だが、尊氏・義詮らと道誉らは密約があり京都への挟撃を試みたともいわれ、直義は桃井、斯波、山名をはじめ自派の武将を伴って京都を脱出し、北陸地方・信濃国を経て鎌倉市へ至る。
- However, Takauji and Yoshiakira had a secret treaty with Doyo and tried to pincer-attack Kyoto, so Tadayoshi escaped from Kyoto via the Hokuriku region and Shinano Province to reach Kamakura City, together with his warriors such as Momonoi, Shiba, and Yamana,
- なお、戦力に自信のあった日本軍は上陸後も戦国の常識に従って何度も李氏朝鮮を交渉により服属させようと試みており、朝鮮の武力制圧が既定路線であるかのような認識は間違いである。
- The Japanese army, confident of their war potential, tried, even after their landing, to subjugate Yi Dynasty Korea by negotiation in accordance with common sense in the Warring States period and, therefore, it is wrong to conclude that subjugation of Korea by military power was the predetermined policy.
- 通常長官である守(かみ)、及び権守(ごんのかみ)であるが、親王任国の上野国、常陸国、上総国など守、権守が現地赴任しない国では次官の介(すけ)、権介(ごんのすけ)であった。
- The zuryo was usually a position taken by a kami (長官, director) who was also a kami (守, governor) or a gon no kami (権守, provisional governor), but in shinno ninkoku (provinces whose gubernatorial posts were reserved as sinecures for imperial princes, and where the kami or the gon no kami was not dispatched), such as the provinces of Kozuke, Hitachi, and Kazusa, the position was fulfilled by a jikan (次官, assistant director) who was also a suke (介, vice governor of provincial offices) or a Gon no suke (権介, provisional vice governor).
- 「古史古伝」という言い方は、吾郷清彦が著書『古事記以前の書』(大陸書房、1972年)で最初に提唱したもので、この段階では「古典四書」「古伝三書」「古史三書」とされていた。
- The term 'koshi koden' was proposed by Kiyohiko AGO in his book 'Kojiki izen no sho (documents before Kojiki)' (published by Tairiku Shobo, 1972) and, at this stage reference was made to 'koten sisho (four classics),' 'koden sansho (three legends)' and 'koshi sansho (three ancient historical documents).'
- 北陸道軍の戦況が思わしくないため、西郷の出馬が要請され、7月23日、薩摩藩北陸出征軍の総差引(司令官)を命ぜられ、8月2日に鹿児島を出帆し、10日に越後国柏崎に到着した。
- Saigo was asked to take command because the war was not progressin well, and on July 23 he was appointed the Sosasihiki commander of the Satsuma Domain army going to Hokuriku, and on August 2, he sailed from Kagoshima and arrived at Kashiwazaki, Echigo Province on 10th.
- この北行伝説の延長として幕末以降の近代に登場したのが、義経が蝦夷地から海を越えて大陸へ渡り、チンギス・ハーン(ジンギスカン)になったとする『義経=ジンギスカン説』である。
- The Yoshitsune-Genghis Khan theory, which posits that Yoshitsune went across the ocean to China from Ezo and became Genghis Khan, was born in the modern age after the end of Edo period as one further developed from the northern refuge theory.
- 当時、東海道・東山道も反乱勢力に制圧されていたが、北陸は平家の兵糧の補給地として大切な地域との認識があり、鎮西と並んで平家が反乱を早急に鎮圧しなければならない地域であった。
- At that time, the rebel forces had taken control of the Tokai-do and Tosan-do Roads as well, but Hokuriku was recognized as an important supplier of army provisions, so it was this region as well as Chinzei (nickname of Kyushu) where the Taira clan had to suppress the rebellion.
- 『おもろさうし』の「雨降るなかに大和の兵団が運天港に上陸した」とある記述は「平維盛が30艘ばかり率いて南海に向かった」という記録を基に平維盛一行のことだとされることがある。
- The description found in 'Omoshirososhi' saying 'the troops of Yamato landed at Unten-ko in the rain' is sometimes considered to refer to Taira no Koremori and his party, based on the record saying 'Taira no Koremori went toward the southern sea commanding 30 ships.'
- しかし、その後裔氏族は美濃のみならず、常陸国・甲斐国・三河国・伊勢国・近江国・山城国・河内国・大和国・但馬国・播磨国・丹波国・吉備国・若狭国・因幡国など広汎に分布している。
- Besides the Mino province, his descendants expanded upon their territories into many different places such as Hitachi Province, Kai Province, Mikawa Province, Ise Province, Omi Province, Yamashiro Province, Kawachi Province, Yamato Province, Tajima Province, Harima Province, Tanba Province, Kibi Province, Wakasa Province and Inaba Province.
- 天正4年(1576年)、越後国の上杉謙信と対峙している北陸方面軍団長・柴田勝家への救援を信長に命じられるが、秀吉は作戦をめぐって勝家と仲たがいをし、無断で帰還してしまった。
- In 1576 Hideyoshi was ordered to help Katsuie SHIBATA, who was in the middle of war to Kenshin UESUGI of Echizen province, as a head of northern troops, but he disagreed with Katsuie over mission and made a retreat without permission.
- 明治政府により、大日本帝国になってはドイツ帝国の軍制を取り入れた大日本帝国陸軍とイギリスを規範とした大日本帝国海軍の二つの軍隊が編成され、軍事技術や練兵が近代化へ向かった。
- After the Meiji Government established itself as the Empire of Japan, two military forces; Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), which introduced the military system of the German Empire, Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), which modeled on the British Empire, were organized, and thus, military technology and military drills were modernized.
- 1936年(昭和11年)、広田内閣のとき、陸軍省官制及び海軍省官制に「大臣及次官ニ任セラルル者ハ現役将官トス」との規定を設けて(附表、別表)、軍部大臣現役武官制を復活させた。
- In 1936, during the Hirota Cabinet, the regulation 'a candidate that a minister and a Suke (vice minister) appoint shall be an active general' was implemented as the Department of War and the Navy regulation (appended table, appendix) and Gunbu Daijin Geneki Bukan sei was revived.
- 一方で出羽国に奥州合戦後も御家人として在地支配を許された豪族が多いことから、在地領主の家人化が進んだ陸奥国と押領使としての軍事指揮権に留まった出羽国の差を指摘する見解もある。
- On the other hand, based on the fact that there were many local ruling families which were empowered to rule their local lands as gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate) in Dewa Province even after the battle of Oshu, some point out the difference in the influence of the Oshu Fujiwara clan between Mutsu and Dewa Provinces—local lords in Mutsu Province had been vassalized by the Oshu Fujiwara family, while it was merely allowed military command as Oryoshi in Dewa Province.
- 伏見宮貞愛親王(ふしみのみや さだなるしんのう、安政5年4月28日 (旧暦)(1858年6月9日) - 大正12年(1923年)2月4日)は、日本の皇族、大日本帝国陸軍軍人。
- Imperial Prince Fushimi Sadanaru (Fushiminomiya Sadanarushinno) was (June 9, 1858 to February 4, 1923) a Japanese Imperial family and a member of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).
- 五条からの国道168号線が柳本以南へ開通するのはさらに遅れ、昭和30年代の電源開発とともにようやく本宮町まで陸路がつながると、果無峠は生活道としての役割を終えることとなった。
- Many years after that, National Highway 168 from Gojo was extended to the south of Yagimoto, and when the road finally connected to Hongu-cho with the electric power development in the 30's of the Showa era, Hatenashi Pass ended the role as a community road.
- 9月23日、西郷が陸軍大将兼参議・近衛都督を辞し、位階も返上すると上表したのに対し、すでに宮中工作を終えていた岩倉は、閣議の決定とは別に西郷派遣延期の意見書を天皇に提出した。
- Saigo resigned as General of the Army, and as concurrent Sangi councilor, and as Konoe-totoku on September 23, and announced that he would return these ranks, but Iwakura, who finished maneuvering in the Imperial Court, submitted an opinion document for the indefinite postponement of dispatching Saigo separetely from a decision of the Imperial Court.
- 時代が下って鹿児島県の城山公園に建てられた銅像が、陸軍大将の正装で直立不動の姿勢であるのは、西郷の名誉回復という観点からすれば、未亡人が本来期待した銅像の姿に近いといえよう。
- The times changed, and the statue that was erected at Shiroyama Park in Kagoshima Prefecture portrays him standing at attention in the full dress of a full general, which is the statue that his wife was originally expected to see from the point of view of the restoration of Saigo's Honor.
- 1873年6月の閣議(いわゆる留守政府)において参議板垣退助が交渉の行きづまりを打開するため陸軍一大隊の朝鮮への派遣を主張、西郷隆盛は使節の派遣と自らその職への任命を主張した。
- In a cabinet meeting (of the so-called rusu seifu - government while heads were away) in June 1873, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Sangi (the Councilor), claimed to dispatch a battalion of Army to Korea to resolve the deadlock in negotiations, and Takamori SAIGO demanded that an envoy be dispathced and he be appointed as the envoy.
- 伊達の名は陸奥国伊達郡(現福島県・中通り北部…伊達市 (福島県)、伊達郡、一部は福島市)に由来し、この地名は古代には「いだて」または「いだち」、中世以降は「いだて」と呼ばれた。
- The family name, DATE, was derived from the county name ''Date' in Mutsu Province (present-day, the northern area of Nakadori, Fukushima Prefecture [specifically, the area covers Date City of Date County plus a part of Fukushima City]), but the county was originally called 'Idate' or 'Idachi' in ancient times and changed to 'Idate' in the Medieval Period.
- 他方、外交が重視される時期や、奈良盆地の既存勢力と距離を置きたい場合には、日本海-若狭湾-琵琶湖-淀川-大阪湾-瀬戸内海の内陸水系物流ルート沿いの琵琶湖南岸以南に都が置かれた。
- On the other hand, in time periods focusing on diplomacy, or if an emperor wanted to establish themselves at a distance from the existing powers in the Nara Basin, their capitals were placed to the south of the southern coast of Lake Biwa along the inland water system logistics route from the Japan Sea, via Wakasa Bay, Lake Biwa, the Yodo River, Osaka Bay and to the Seto Inland Sea.
- これを憂慮した後白河上皇は、頼朝へ上洛を求めたが、頼朝は逆に東海道・東山道・北陸道の荘園・国衙領を元のように国司・本所に返還させる内容の宣旨(寿永二年十月宣旨)の発給を要求した。
- Concerned by this, Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa requested that Yoritomo come to Kyoto, but instead Yoritomo requested that the issue of the declaration of October in 1183 (Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji) ordering shoen (manors in medieval Japan) and Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) in Tokai-do, Tosan-do and Hokuriku-do to be returned to kokushi (provincial governors) and honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor).
- しかし当時の船は航海力も攻撃力も未熟であり、陸上への依存が強いため水陸共同防御戦術は有効に機能し、以降の李舜臣の攻撃は戦果があがらず精彩を欠くようになり、出撃も滞ることとなった。
- However, as vessels at that time were immature both in capability for navigation and combat power and they were dependent to support from the land, the joint defense by navy and army worked effectively and, after that, attacks by Yi Sun-sin could not achieve good results in battle and became lackluster and the number of sorties decreased.
- 大陸に超大国唐が出現し東アジアの勢力図が大きく塗り変わる中で起きた戦役であり、倭国(日本)も領土こそ取られなかった物の、国防体制・政治体制の変革が起きるなど大きな影響を及ぼした。
- This military campaign took place in the midst of the major transformation of power relationships in East Asia caused by the rise of the super power of the Tang Dynasty in mainland China, and although there were no territorial concessions made from Wakoku (Japan), the event had enough impact to cause substantial changes in Wakoku's defense system as well as its political system.
- 第二次世界大戦後の経済成長において、畿内の一角に当たる旧山城国はいち早く発展したのに対して、北陸地方と山陰地方を結ぶ北部は、日本海側の要衝であるにも拘らず軽視される傾向にあった。
- In the era after WWII when the Japanese economy grew rapidly, the area of former Yamashiro Province, occupying part of the Kinai region, developed quickly, but the northern area, connecting the Hokuriku region and the Sanin region, tended to be ignored, though the area is located in an important position on the Japan Sea side.
- 翌年の治承5年(1181年)6月、越後国から攻め込んできた城助職を信濃川横田河原の戦いで破り、一時上野国(群馬県)へ進むが、関東地方で挙兵した源頼朝とは合流せずに北陸道に進んだ。
- In June of the following year, 1181, he defeated Sukemoto JO who invaded from Echigo Province at the Battle at Yokotagawara; he advanced to Kozuke Province (Gunma Prefecture) at one point, but proceeded to Hokuriku-do without joining MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who raised an army in Kanto area.
- なお開戦時、麦飯派の寺内正毅が陸軍大臣であった(麦飯を主張する軍医部長がいた)にもかかわらず、大本営が「勅令」として指示した戦時兵食は、日清戦争と同じ白米飯(精白米6合)であった。
- In spite of the fact that Masatake TERAUCHI, an advocate of rice boiled with barley, was the Minister of Army (There was a high-ranking army surgeon who recommended rice boiled with barley); however, the rations provisioned by the Imperial headquarters through an 'imperial edict' was cooked rice (Six Go of polished rice) which was the same as in the Sino-Japanese War (1894-'95).
- また、出兵に参加した大名たちによって連れてこられた朝鮮人儒学者との学問や書画文芸での交流、そして陶工が大陸式の磁器の製法、瓦の装飾などを伝えたことで日本の文化に新たな一面を加えた。
- New aspects were added to Japanese culture by intercommunion in scholarship and calligraphy and painting as well as creative writing with Korean Confucians who were brought to Japan by daimyo who took part in dispatch to Korea and transmission by potters of manufacturing process of continental ceramics and the decoration of roof tiles.
- 「砲第五号 砲兵支廠鹿児島属廠設置之スナイトル弾薬器械其廠ヘ備附其廠ニ於テ製作可致此旨相達候事但入費之儀ハ其廠額金之内ヲ以取計 追而不足之節可申出事 十年一月八日 陸軍卿山県有朋」
- 砲第五号 砲兵支廠鹿児島属廠設置之スナイトル弾薬器械其廠ヘ備附其廠ニ於テ製作可致此旨相達候事但入費之儀ハ其廠額金之内ヲ以取計 追而不足之節可申出事 十年一月八日 陸軍卿山県有朋'
- この他に、明治8年(1875年)4月には西郷と大山県令との交渉で確保した荒蕪地に、桐野利秋が指導し、永山休二・平野正介らが監督する吉野開墾社(旧陸軍教導団生徒を収容)もつくられた。
- And the other is the Yoshino-Kaikonsha school (Kyu-Rikugun Kyododan Seito (students of former Imperial Army's school)), which Toshiaki KIRINO lead and Kyuji NAGAYAMA and Shosuke HIRANO supervised, and it was established in the wasteland that was secured by negotiation between Saigo and Kenrei OYAMA on April 1875.
- 1851年(嘉永4年)、薩摩藩主島津斉彬の台湾偵察の密命を受け、若き日の西郷隆盛は、台湾北部基隆から小さな漁村であった宜蘭県蘇澳鎮南方澳に密かに上陸、そこで琉球人を装って暮らした。
- Takamori SAIGO, who was younger, received a secret order to conduct reconnaissance in Taiwan from Saiakira SHIMAZU, the lord of domain of Satsuma, so he landed in a small fishing village, Nampo-o, So-chin, Giran-ken (Nan Fang Ao, Suao Township, Yilan County) from North of Taiwan, Keelung, and he lived there pretending to be Ryukyuan.
- これは、当時、一大国民運動となっていた護憲運動の影響を受けて、山縣有朋・桂太郎らを中心とする軍部と藩閥の反対を押し切り、山本権兵衛内閣総理大臣と木越安綱陸軍大臣が断行したものである。
- This, at the time, was influenced by a major civic movement, the Constitution Protection Movement, when Prime Minister Gombei YAMAMOTO and War Minister Yasutsuna KIGOSHI pushed through the disagreements among the military and the domain clique including Arimoto YAMADATA and Taro KATSURA.
- 途中仙台で会津戦争で敗走した伝習隊、旧新選組や彰義隊の残党を吸収し、北上、森町 (北海道)に上陸し、各地を平定、五稜郭を攻略し、府知事清水谷公考を敗走させ、蝦夷全島を支配下に置いた。
- On the way, in Sendai, he merged the remnants of Denshutai (Edo shogunate's army) which was put to rout in the Aizu War, Old Shinsengumi and Shogitai, then reached Kitakami and Morimachi (Hokkaido) where he suppressed each region, captured Goryokaku, got the Prefectural Governor, Kinnaru SHIMIZUDANI, on the run and put the whole Ezo Island under his control.
- しかし、下国家はなおもかつての勢力圏の支配の意欲を捨てておらず、東海将軍を称して内外に出羽、陸奥北部から蝦夷にかけての支配圏を誇示しようとした(これには否定的見解も出されている。)。
- However, Shimonokuni family still did not give up the attempt to continue controlling where was once its sphere of influence, and tried to display the controlling range from the northern Mutsu Province to Ezo, by proclaiming itself Tokai Shogun (general of Tokai) within and outside the territory (About this, there are some contradictions).
- 西園寺は陸軍の仕業であることに気づき、興津より上京して首相田中義一を呼びつけ、政府としてこの問題をしっかり調べ、もし犯人が日本人であるならば厳罰に処す必要があることを申し渡している。
- Saionji suspected that the Army had a hand in the incident, and went to the capital from Okitsu, summoned Prime Minister Giichi TANAKA, and advised him that the government must thoroughly investigate this affair, and if the guilty party was Japanese, a harsh punishment should be exacted.
- 1886年8月には清の北洋艦隊のうち定遠など4隻の軍艦が長崎港に入港した際、上陸した水兵が日本の警官隊と衝突し、双方に死傷者を出す(死者日本側2名、清側8名)騒ぎ(長崎事件)となった。
- In August 1866, when four fleets including the Dingyuan of the Qing North Sea Fleet arrived in port in Nagasaki, sailors that landed entered into conflict with the Japanese police force, resulting in deaths on both sides (two deaths on the Japanese side and six deaths on the Qing side) (Nagasaki incident)
- なお、後年の編纂物である『吾妻鏡』などには一連の北陸出兵が「義仲討伐の為」と記されているが、当時の記録には、『玉葉』寿永2年(1183年)5月16日条まで義仲の名前は記載されていない。
- The books compiled in later years, including 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), state that the serial dispatch of troops to Hokuriku was 'in order to seek out and kill Yoshinaka' but Yoshinaka's name was not recorded in the records made at the time, until the June 14, 1183 entry in 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane).
- 一方、581年に建国された隋は中国大陸を統一し楊堅・煬帝の治世に4度の大規模な高句麗遠征を行ったもののいずれも失敗し、これが有力な原因となって弱体化、618年に煬帝が殺害されて滅んだ。
- On the other hand, the Sui Dynasty, which was founded in 581, unified mainland China, but their failure to achieve any results even after conducting four large scale expeditions to Kyoguryo during the reign of Yo Ken (Yang Jian) and Yo-dai (Emperor Yang) served as a major cause of its decline and finally its demise when Yo-dai was assassinated in 618.
- 以来、覚如の子孫が継承した本願寺は教団の形成を進め、室町時代の第5代綽如のとき北陸地方へと進出、第7代存如の時代までに加賀国、能登国、越前国、近江国などで本願寺教団が形成されていった。
- Thereafter, Hongan-ji Temple, inherited by the descendants of Kakunyo, proceeded to the formation of the Honganji Buddhist sect, the influence of which expanded to the Hokuriku region via the fifth generation (Shakunyo) and the seventh generation (Zonnyo); the Honganji Buddhist sect was formed in Kaga-no-kuni, Noto-no-kuni, Echizen-no-kuni, Omi-no-kuni, and so on.
- 関東地方の後北条氏、東北地方の伊達氏は信長に恭順する姿勢を見せており、これで信長の目の前に立ちはだかる敵は、中国地方の毛利氏、四国の長宗我部氏、北陸地方の上杉氏、九州の島津氏となった。
- The Gohojo clan in the Kanto Region and the Date clan in the Tohoku Region signaled their allegiance to Nobunaga and, as a result, enemies that stood in Nobunaga's way were the Mori clan in the Chugoku Region, the Chosokabe clan in the Shikoku Region, the Uesugi clan in the Hokuriku Region and the Shimazu clan in Kyushu.
- 西郷らは明治4年(1871年)からの官制・軍制の改革および警察制度の整備を続け、5年(1872年)2月には兵部省を廃止して陸軍省・海軍省を置き、3月には御親兵を廃止して近衛兵を置いた。
- Saigo and others kept maintaining the reform of the system of bureaucracy from 1871, the system of military, and also system of police, in February 1872, they abolished the Ministry of Hyobu and installed the Ministry of War and Ministry of the Navy, and in March the Goshimpei was abolished and installed guardee.
- 天元 (日本)4年(981年)頃、陸奥国守・橘則光(965年 - 1028年以後)と結婚し、翌年一子橘則長(982年 - 1034年)を生むも、武骨な夫と反りが合わず、やがて離婚した。
- In 981, she married TACHIBANA no Norimitsu (965 - 1028), the Governor of Mutsu Province, and a year later she bore him a child, TACHIBANA no Norinaga (982 - 1034); however, she couldn't get along with her rough husband, and before long she divorced him.
- 全国通用を前提とするものであるが、金鉱山が主に常陸国、甲斐国、伊豆国および佐渡国などに位置し、金貨の一般通用は家康により新たに取り入れられた政策であったため主に関東地方を中心に流通した。
- It was planned to circulate nationwide, however, the distribution was mainly in Kanto Region because gold mines were located in Hitachi, Kai, Izu and Sado Provinces and the policy of circulating gold coins in public was newly adopted by Ieyasu.
- その後平家によって北陸への遠征は計画がされるが大嘗祭の準備を名目に翌養和2年(1182年)の出兵は見送られ、寿永2年(1183年)に大遠征が開始されるまで北陸出兵は見送られることになる。
- Later, the Taira clan planned an expedition to Hokuriku, but the dispatch of troops was put off in the name of preparations for the Daijo-sai festival (a festival to celebrate the succession of an emperor), and it was ultimately postponed until 1183, when the mighty expedition started.
- ところで、最古の埴輪である都月形円筒埴輪と最古の前方後円墳の副葬品とされる大陸製の三角縁神獣鏡とが、同じ墓から出土しないで、前者が出ると後者が出ないし、その反対もあることが知られていた。
- By the way, it was known that Totsuki-style cylindrical Haniwa, which are the oldest Haniwa, and Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror (triangular-rimmed mirror) made in continent, which are thought to be the oldest burial goods of large keyhole-shaped tomb mound, were not found in the same tomb, that is, when the former were unearthed from a tomb, the latter were not found there, and vice versa.
- しかし父親の藤原正頼が従五位下であったことと比較し頼遠が無官であることから、平忠常の乱において平忠常側についた頼遠が罪を得て陸奥国に左遷され、多賀国府の官人となったものと推測されている。
- However, from the fact that Yorito bore no official title while his father, FUJIWARA no Masayori, was titled Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), it is inferred that Yorito was demoted to Mutsu Province by the Imperial Court for his having taken Tadatsune's side during the revolt of TAIRA no Tadatsune and became an official of Taga no Kou (the provincial office in Mutsu Province).
- 北白川宮能久親王(きたしらかわのみや よしひさ しんのう、1847年4月1日(弘化4年2月16日 (旧暦)) - 1895年(明治28年)10月28日は、幕末・明治時代の皇族、陸軍軍人。
- Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa (April 1, 1847 - October 28, 1895) was a member of the imperial family and a military man in the army over the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period.
- 例えば畠山重忠(はたけやまのしょうじへいじろうしげただ)は武蔵国畠山荘を荘司として所領とし、藤原経清(わたりごんのたいふふじわらのつねきよ)は陸奥国亘理郡を郡司として所領としたのである。
- For instance, HATAKEYAMA no Shojiheijiro-Shigetada, who was a shoji in Hatakeyamano-sho, Musashi Province, owned that place as his territory, and Watarigon no Taifu FUJIWARA no Tsunekiyo, who was a gunji in Watari District, Mutsu Province, owned this place as his territory.
- このため一部の本省人は「犬(煩いかわりに役には立つ)の代わりに豚(食べるばかりで役たたず)が来た」(狗走豬擱來)と大陸からやってきた人間を揶揄し、日本の統治時代を部分的・相対的に肯定した。
- Some native-born Taiwanese made a mockery of the people from mainland China and affirmed partially and relatively the Japanese ruling, saying, 'dogs (annoying but useful = Japanese) left and pigs (which did nothing but eat = mainland Chinese) came' (狗走猪擱來).
- しかし西園寺は日露戦争を要因とした財政難や国際関係の問題などを理由に拒否した為、上原は軍部大臣現役武官制を利用して西園寺内閣を内閣総辞職へ追い込み、陸軍主導の内閣を成立させようと画策した。
- However, SAIONJI's refusal on grounds of fiscal problems stemming from the Russo-Japanese War and of issues of international relations led to UEHARA driving the Saionji administration to mass resignation by taking advantage of the law requiring that the military-related ministers to be named from among active-duty military officers in order to form an army-led administration.
- 5月22日、川村参軍は第4旅団1個大隊半・別働第3旅団2個中隊を右翼、別働第1旅団2個大隊半を左翼として軍艦4隻と小舟に分乗させ、艦砲で援護しながら重富に上陸させて薩軍の後方を攻撃させた。
- On May 22, Sangun KAWAMURA made one and a half battalions of the 4th brigade and two companies of the detached 3rd brigade as the right flank and two and a half battalions of the detached 1st brigade as the left flank get on board four warships and small boats, and made the troops land at Shigetomi while supporting them with bombardment from the warships and made them attack the Satsuma army in the rear.
- 熊本城の包囲が解けた4月23日、政府は参軍川村純義海軍中将を総司令官として別働第1旅団(旅団長高島鞆之助)・別働第3旅団2個大隊(田辺良顕中佐)を主力とする陸海軍混成軍を鹿児島に派遣した。
- On April 23 when the siege of Kumamoto Castle was released, the national government sent an army-and-navy-mixed troop whose main forces were composed of the detached 1st brigade (led by Commander Tomonosuke TAKASHIMA) and two battalions of the detached 3rd brigade (led by Lieutenant Colonel Yoshiaki TANABE) to Kagoshima with Sangun Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA, Vice Admiral of the Imperial Navy, as the Supreme Commander.
- 関ヶ原の戦い後、慶長7年(1602年)、常陸国常陸宍戸藩(現茨城県笠間市)50,000石に国替となり、さらに正保2年(1645年)には陸奥国三春藩(現福島県三春町)55,000石に移った。
- After the Battle of Sekigahara, in 1602, the clan was transferred to the Hitachi-Shishido Domain in Hitachi Province (present Kasama City, Ibaraki Prefecture) with a stipend of 50,000 koku crop yield, and furthermore, in 1645 it was transferred to the Miharu Domain in Mutsu Province (present Miharu-cho, Fukushima Prefecture) with 55,000 koku.
- 初期の軍団の配置は不明だが、その当時陸奥国の国府が名取郡の郡山遺跡に所在したと推定されること、後述する2軍団時代に名取団が残された事からも、名取団が古くから置かれたと見るのが自然であろう。
- Although the deployment of initial Gundan is unknown, it is natural to consider that Natori-dan was deployed from old times because Kokufu (ancient provincial office/capital) of Mutsu Province was located at Koriyama Ruins in Natori County at that time, and Natori-dan remained in the era of two Gundan stated below.
- また、構成員の中には秀次の近侍として仕えた富田高定(前田利長に仕えて、関ヶ原で北陸にて戦死)を含める場合もあるなど、史料によっては八人ではなく七人ともされ、さらにメンバーも変わることがある。
- In another case, Takasada TOMITA, who served Hidetsugu closely, later served Toshinaga MAEDA and died during the Battle of Sekigahara, was included as a member, and depending upon the historical documents, the number of the members were seven, and not eight, and there was a case in which even the members themselves were different.
- 朝鮮独立運動の活動家・李奉昌(イ・ボンチャン)が1932年1月8日、桜田門外において陸軍始観兵式を終えて帰途についていた昭和天皇の馬車に向かって手榴弾を投げつけ、近衛兵一人を負傷させた事件。
- Lee Bong-chang, an activist for Korean independence, hurled a grenade at the horse-drawn carriage of the Emperor Showa when the Emperor was on his way home after the military review of the Japanese Army taken place outside the Sakuradamon Gate, and in the Incident one imperial guard was injured.
- その結果、法皇は義仲への配慮のため北陸道は除いたが、ほぼ上記の内容を認める寿永二年十月宣旨を頼朝へ発して東海道・東山道の荘園・国衙領を元の通り領家に従わせる権限(沙汰権)が頼朝に認められた。
- As a result, the Cloistered Emperor issued 'Juei Ninen ju gatsu no senji,' an Imperial order close to the content above, except that Hokuriku-do Road was excluded in order to honor Yoshinaka and gave Yoritomo the right (Sata ken) to return shoen and Kokugaryo in the Tokai-do Road and Tosan-do Road back to their owners.
- 冠島とともに京都府指定冠島沓島鳥獣保護区(集団繁殖地)に指定されており(面積は両島で471ヘクタール、うち特別保護地区44ha)、無人島で海鳥の繁殖保護のため原則として上陸が禁止されている。
- Along with Kanmuri-jima Island, it is designated as the Kanmurijima and Kutsujima islands game reserve (collective breeding place) by Kyoto Prefecture (the total area of both islands is 471 hectares, including 44 hectares of special protection area), and is an uninhabited island, with visits largely banned in order to protect breeding sea birds.
- 後醍醐天皇は京都を脱出して吉野へ逃れ、「北朝に渡した神器は贋物であり光明天皇の皇位は正統ではない」と主張して吉野に南朝(吉野朝廷)を開き、北陸や九州など各地へ自らの皇子を奉じさせて派遣する。
- Emperor Godaigo, on the other hand, escaped from Kyoto, fleeing to Yoshino and insisting that 'The Imperial Regalia I handed over to the Northern Court are fake; Emperor Komyo's throne is not the true Imperial throne' before establishing his own Court at Yoshino (the Southern Court), sending his own sons in obedience to his wishes to various areas, including Hokuriku and Kyushu.
- 中世に興起した常陸国芹沢村(現茨城県行方市玉造町芹沢)の豪族、芹沢氏から発祥し、関ヶ原の戦いの戦功により幕臣となり、のちに水戸藩上席郷士(士分)となった芹沢家の当主貞幹の三男として生まれた。
- He was born as the third son of Sadamoto, then the head of the SERIZAWA family; this family originated from a powerful family named SERIZAWA that arose during the middle ages in Serizawa Village, Hitachi Province, became a vassal of the Tokugawa Shogunate through distinguished services in the Battle of Sekigahara and subsequently became a Senior Goshi samurai of Mito Clan.
- 実家の佐竹氏に戻った義広は名を「蘆名盛重」と改めて、常陸江戸崎城主となる(江戸崎藩)が、関ヶ原の戦いの際には、旗幟を鮮明にしなかった実兄・佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)と行動を共にしたために改易した。
- Yoshihiro returned to his parents' family, renamed himself Morishige ASHINA and became the lord of Edosaki-jo Castle (in the Edosaki Domain), but he was deprived of his territory because he acted in concert with his elder brother, Yoshinobu SATAKE (also known as Ukyo Daibu), without taking a clear stand during the Battle of Sekigahara.
- なお、文禄元年への改元は12月8日(グレゴリオ暦1593年1月10日)に行われたため、4月12日の釜山上陸で始まった戦役初年の1592年のほとんどの出来事は元号的には天正20年の出来事である。
- As the name of era changed to 'Bunroku' on December 8 (January 10, 1593 by the Gregorian calendar), almost all events in 1592, the first year of the War, that began with landing at Busan on April 12, occurred in Tensho 20 as far as name of the era is concerned.
- ジュール・ブリュネは陸軍奉行・大鳥圭介の補佐役となり、4個「旅団」はフランス軍人(アルテュール・フォルタン、ジャン・マルラン、アンドレ・カズヌーヴ、フランソワ・ブッフィエ)を指揮官としていた。
- Jules Brunet was appointed as assistant of Keisuke OTORI Army Bugyo, and four 'brigades' were led by french commanders, Arthur Fortant, Jean Marlin, Andre Cazeneuve and François Bouffier.
- また、逢坂から南へ抜ける奈良街道(奈良に都があった頃の北陸道)、東山を日ノ岡の南で越える渋谷街道(東国と六波羅探題を結んだ)や京都府道118号勧修寺今熊野線、大岩街道など数多くの街道があった。
- There were many roads that passed through the city: the Nara Kaido Road that extended south from Osaka (the Hokurikudo Road when Nara was capital), the Shibuya Kaido Road that crossed Mt. Higashi south of Hinooka (linking eastern regions with Rokuhara Tandai (the Kamakura Shogun's Kyoto Agent)), present-day the Kajuji Imagumano Line of Kyoto Prefectural Route 118, and Oiwa Kaido Road.
- 大江山の位置する丹後地方は古くから大陸との交流が深く、渡来人は高度な金属精錬技術により大江山で金工に従事、多くの富を蓄積していた、これに目を付けた都の勢力は兵を派遣、富を収奪し支配下に置いた。
- The Tango region where the mountain range is located had close contacts with the Asian continent from ancient times, and immigrants were engaged in metal work; with their advanced technique in metal refining, and having accumulated a large fortune, those who recognized this in the capital sent an army to pillage the wealth, and rule the region.
- 元寇(げんこう)とは、日本の鎌倉時代中期に、当時大陸を支配していたモンゴル帝国(元 (王朝))及びその服属政権となった高麗王国によって2度にわたり行われた日本侵攻(遠征)の、日本側の呼称である。
- Genko is the Japanese name of two invasions (expeditions) that Japan suffered in the middle Kamakura period from the Mongol Empire (Yuan Dynasty), which was then dominant on the continent, and its subjected kingdom, the Kingdom of Goryeo.
- 小辺路の大半が属する奈良県南部の山岳地帯は、内陸性山岳気候もしくは太平洋に影響を受けた海洋性山岳気候に属し、さらに台風の通過経路でもあることから、日本でも有数の多雨地帯であることが知られている。
- The mountainous region of the south of Nara Prefecture where most parts of Kohechi go through belongs to the continental highland climate or oceanic highland climate influenced by the Pacific Ocean, and it is on the path of typhoons, therefore, it is known as one of the areas that have significantly high rainfall.
- 山岡の下交渉を受けて、徳川家側の最高責任者である会計総裁・大久保一翁、陸軍総裁・勝海舟と、東征軍参謀・西郷隆盛との江戸開城交渉は、田町(東京都港区 (東京都))の薩摩藩江戸藩邸において行われた。
- After preparing for negotiations with Yamaoka, the representatives were gathered at the residence of the Satsuma clan in Edo, located at Tamachi (Minato Ward, Tokyo) to conduct the negotiation for the Surrender of Edo-jo Castle: The highest personnel responsible representing the Tokugawa family side, Ichio OKUBO who was the Kaikei Sosai, Kaishu KATSU who was the Rikugun Sosai, and Takamori SAIGO who was staff officer of the 'expeditionary force to the east.'
- 後に昭和に入ってから軍部が大きくこれを利用し、陸海軍は天皇から直接統帥を受けるのであって政府の指示に従う必要はないとして、満州事変などにおいて政府の決定を無視した行動を取るなどその勢力を誇示した。
- Later during the Showa period, the military insisted that they needed to follow only a direct order from the emperor, and did not have to follow the government because they had the supreme command, and took advantage of the supreme command to act ignoring the government to show its influence such as raising the Manchurian Incident.
- しかしその頃、時を同じくして船によって琵琶湖を渡っていた丹羽長秀が「一度坂本に戻るべし」という部下の反対にあうも機は今を置いて他に無いと判断し、進路を変更して海津への上陸を敢行した事で戦局は一変。
- However, Nagahide NIWA, who was then crossing Lake Biwa by boat, decided that now was the time; despite objections from his subordinates that he should return to Sakamoto for the present, Nagahide changed his course and ventured a landing on Kaizu, which decisively turned the tide of the battle.
- これは、カリスマ的指導者である西郷に対抗して権威のある貴種を旗印として用いるためと、どちらか一方を総司令官にせずに、同じ中将の2人を副官に据えることで、陸軍と海軍の勢力争いを回避するためであった。
- This is because the government needed a person of noble birth with authority as their symbol to oppose the charismatic leader SAIGO and also had to avoid causing a power struggle between the Army and the Navy by appointing Lieutenant General and Vice Admiral to the seconds-in-command instead of appointing one of them to the supreme commander.
- 近年の研究では、陸奥国一宮鹽竈神社の神人であり鹽竈神社の神領の管理をしていたこと、「津軽山賊」と記載された史料があること等から、「海民」、「山民」としての性格を持つ豪族であったとも推定されている。
- In the recent studies, the following things are assumed: the clan was a jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) at Ichinomiya Shiogama-jinja Shrine in Mutsu Province, in charge of the management of the shrine estate of Shiogama-jinja Shrine, it can be understppd that it was a local ruling lord which had certain characters of 'Kaimin' (maritime people) as well as 'sanmin' (mountain people) according to the historical materials in which the clan's name registered as 'Tsugaru Sanzoku' (bandit of Tsugaru).
- 昭和43年に志田諒一が『勝田市史』において発祥を義光の子である源義清 (武田冠者)(武田冠者)が常陸国那珂郡武田郷(現・茨城県ひたちなか市武田、旧勝田市)において武田姓を名乗ったとする説を提唱した。
- Ryoichi SHIDA asserted in his book 'The History of Katsuta City' published in 1968 that the founder of the clan was Minamoto no Yoshikiyo (Takeda kaja), a son of Yoshimitsu, who used the Takeda clan as a family name in Takeda-gori, Naka-gun, Hitachi Province (Takeda, Hitachinaka City, formerly Katsuta City, Ibaragi Prefecture).
- 恭順派として旧幕府の全権を委任された陸軍総裁の勝海舟は、幕臣山岡鉄舟を東征大総督府参謀の西郷隆盛に使者として差し向け会談、西郷より降伏条件として、徳川慶喜の備前預け、武器・軍艦の引渡しを伝えられた。
- With the full authority of the former Shogunate as a member of the kyojun-ha (pro-surrender group), Kaishu KATSU (commander in chief of the Shogunate army) sent a retainer of the Shogunate, Tesshu YAMAOKA as an emissary to Takamori SAIGO, the staff of the tosei supreme commander's office, for negotiation; Katsu relayed the terms of surrender: Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA's confinement to Bizen (Bizen-azuke) and the surrender of weapons and warships.
- そして、5月2日に西郷の命を受けた谷干城・赤松則良が率いる主力軍が、江戸幕府から引き継いだ小さな軍艦2隻で長崎を出航すると政府もこれを追認、5月6日に台湾南部に上陸すると台湾先住民と小競り合いを行う。
- Then, on May 2, when the main unit led by Tateki TANI and Noriyoshi AKAMATSU left Nagasaki by order of Saigo in two small warships which were got from the Edo Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the government officially approved it and on May 6, when they went ashore in southern Taiwan, they skirmished with the Taiwanese aborigines.
- 京都へ向かう天皇の行列は2名の陸軍大尉を先頭に賢所の神鏡を奉安した御羽車、昭和天皇の乗る6頭立て馬車・香淳皇后の乗る4頭立て馬車・皇族代表・内大臣(牧野伸顕)・内閣総理大臣(田中義一)の馬車と続いた。
- The parade of the Emperor heading to Kyoto consisted of two army captains at the head, following a palanquin which the divine mirror of Kashikodokoro (Imperial Sanctuary) enshrined, a coach-and-six which Emperor Showa rode, a coach-and-four which Empress Kojun rode, a coach of the Naidaijin (minister of the center) (Nobuaki MAKINO), a representative of royal family, and the Prime Minister (Giichi TANAKA).
- 使いを遣わして貢物を献じた目的として、中国大陸の文明・文化を摂取すると共に、南朝の威光を借りることによって、当時の日本列島中西部の他の諸勢力、朝鮮半島諸国との政治外交を進めるものがあったと考えられる。
- The purpose of dispatching envoys and presenting tribute seems to have been to develop a political diplomacy with the other powers in the mid-western part of Japanese archipelago and Korean peninsula with the help of the prestige of the Southern Dynasty, as well as absorbing the civilization and caulture of the Chinese continent.
- さらにこの結果に基づき、政府と陸軍の援助を受け、大江山鉱山から11キロしか離れていない与謝郡吉津村(当時。現在の京都府宮津市と与謝野町岩滝)に専用のニッケル製錬施設、岩滝製錬所を建設することになった。
- Furthermore, based on this result, they received assistance from the government and the army, and established Iwataki Smeltery, a smelting facility exclusively for nickel, which was only 11 kilometers away from Oeyama Mine in the former Yoshizu village, Yosa County (now Miyazu City, Kyoto Prefecture and Iwataki, Yosano-cho).
- 平家方は序盤は鎌倉方が静まり返るほど矢を射かけて互角以上に戦っていたが、射尽すと逆に水上からは義経軍に、陸上からは範頼軍に射かけられるままとなり、防御装備の貧弱な水手・梶取たちから犠牲となっていった。
- The Taira forces made the opening attack, in which they fired so many arrows they stopped the Kamakura forces in their tracks, and were more than holding their own in the battle, but once they ran out of arrows, they were attacked in turn by Yoshitsune's archers on sea, and Noriyori's archers on land, and the Taira were mowed down, starting with their boatmen and rowers, who lacked adequate defensive equipment.
- ただし、この説は明治当初に海軍が陸軍に対抗して自ら国歌の必要性を理解した上で発起したということを知らしめるために利用されていた節があり、現在の国歌研究においては「大山発案説」が事実であると見られている。
- However, this view seems to have been used by the Navy to compete with the Army by making it known that the Navy made the proposal understanding the necessity of the national anthem and, according to the present study of the national anthem, it is understood that 'Oyama's ' was the fact.
- 後世の編纂である『百錬抄』や『吾妻鏡』は、その後木曾義仲が北陸道から京に攻め上ったことから、北陸での戦いは木曾義仲の進路を塞ぐ為との刷り込みがあり、そのための編者の誤解であろうと上杉和彦は指摘している。
- Kazuhiko UESUGI pointed out that 'Hyakuren-sho' and 'Azuma Kagami' were compiled years later, and the compilers would have had preconceived notions that the battle at Hokuriku was fought to prevent Yoshinaka KISO invading Kyo because he fought up to Kyo through Hokurikudo.
- 結果的に、そのレーションの不備と輸送能力・インフラ整備の問題(輸送中に一万石の挽割麦の大半が変敗したという記録がある)等により、陸軍は約25万人の脚気患者を出し、うち約2万7,800人が病死したとされる。
- Approximately 27,800 of 250,000 army beriberi patients are said to have died due to improper rationing, and logistics and infrastructure problems (Records reveal that most of the 10,000 koku [approximately 1.8 million liters of crop yield] of barley groats spoiled in transit).
- 上述の親治にはじまる大和国の宇野氏をはじめ、織田信雄に仕えた土方雄久の土方氏、肥後国の隈部氏、陸奥国の石川氏、三河国の高木氏、楠木正成を討ち取ったとされる伊予国の大森彦七などが大和源氏の末裔を称している。
- The following clans claimed to be the descendants of Yamato-Genji: the Uno clan from Yamato Province, starting from the above-mentioned Chikaharu; the Hijikata clan of Katsuhisa HIJIKATA, who served Nobukatsu ODA; the Kumabe clan of Higo Province; the Ishikawa clan of Mutsu Province; the Takagi clan of Mikawa Province; and Hikoshichi OMORI of Iyo Province, who is believed to have slain Masashige KUSUNOKI.
- この後双方とも周囲の勢力を自らの協力体制に持ち込もうと盛んに調略を行うが、北陸の柴田氏の後方にある上杉景勝や信孝の地盤である美濃国の有力部将・稲葉一鉄が羽柴秀吉になびくなど、やや秀吉に有利な状況にあった。
- While both sides then actively devised various stratagems in order to win over the surrounding powers, the situation became slightly advantageous to Hideyoshi HASHIBA, due to his gaining allies in Kagekatsu UESUGI, the man behind the Shibata clan in Hokuriku (the northern region), and Ittetsu INABA, a powerful commanding officer in Mino Province, the stronghold of Nobutaka.
- なお、大命降下された宇垣から入閣交渉を受けた小磯国昭(当時朝鮮軍 (日本軍)司令官)は「引き受けたとしても、東京に来る途中で「予備役編入」の電報が陸軍上層部から届いて、それで終わりですよ」と答えたという。
- Also, it is said that Kuniaki KOISO (commander of Korean Army (Japanese Army) at that time) who was given an offer to join the Cabinet by Ugaki who held an imperial command, answered, 'Even if I accept it, I will probably receive a telegram addressed 'Yobieki Transfer' from the upper stratum of the Army, and that's it.'
- 大阪において大阪府知事選挙、大阪市長選挙、大阪を選挙区として補欠選挙などがあるとき、世界陸上大阪大会のような大規模なスポーツ競技があるときは、「大阪○の陣」(○には季節が入る)とマスコミなどから呼ばれる。
- When there are elections in Osaka such as an election for Osaka Prefecture Governor, for Osaka City Mayor, or for by-elections in Osaka electoral district, and large-scale athletic meetings such as Osaka World Championships in Athletics, each of them is called by the media 'Osaka O no Jin' (the name of a season is put in O).
- 土方 歳三(ひじかた としぞう)、天保6年5月5日 (旧暦)(1835年5月31日) - 明治2年5月11日 (旧暦)(1869年6月20日))は、新選組副長、蝦夷共和国陸軍奉行並箱館市中取締裁判局頭取。
- Toshizo HIJIKATA (6th year of Tenpo, May 5th (Lunar Calendar)(May 31, 1835) - 2nd year of Meiji, May 11th (Lunar Calendar)(June 20, 1869)) was the vice commander of Shinsen-gumi, vice-minister of the Army for Ezo Republic, and also chief of the Court for Torishimari of Hakodate city.
- 京都府は南北に細長く、内陸側に位置し、「山の背」とも表記された南部(旧山城国)と、日本海に面し、丹国(にのくに)と呼ばれた北部(旧丹波国、旧丹後国)との格差が大きく、南部と北部では異なる地域を形成している。
- With Kyoto Prefecture's land shape being long in the north-south direction, the southern inland area (former Yamashiro Province), which is sometimes called a 'mountain ridge' area, and the northern area (former Tanba Province and former Tango Province), which is located facing Japan Sea and was once called Ni Province, are markedly different in their characteristics, causing a pronounced difference between the two regions in various aspects.
- だが、元の日本侵略の要因として経済的な利権を求めたことが挙げられるように、元側に日本との経済的関係を望む意向が強く、反対に日本側も日宋貿易によって確立された中国大陸との経済的関係の維持を望む意向が強かった。
- However, one of the reasons why Yuan Dynasty wanted to invade Japan was to gain the economic advantage; therefore, Yuan Dynasty was eager to establish the economic ties with Japan and Japan also had a strong desire to maintain the economic ties with the Chinese continent established by the trade between Japan and Sung Dynasty in China.
- 後装式(元込め)のスナイドル銃をいち早く導入し、集成館事業の蓄積で近代工業基盤を有していた薩摩藩は、イギリスから設備を輸入して明治5年の陸軍省創設以前からスナイドル弾薬の国産化に成功していた唯一の地域だった。
- The Satsuma Domain was armed with breech-loading Snider rifles before others; based on the modern industrial base that had been built up through the industries at Shuseikan, the domain was the only region in Japan to succeed in domestic production of ammunition for Snider rifles by importing facilities from England before the Army Ministry was established in 1872.
- なお王陽明の「心即理」は基本的に陸象山のそれをトレースしたものであるが、陸が心に天理・人欲という区別を立てなかったのに対し、王陽明は朱子と同様「天理を存し人欲を去る」という倫理実践原理を持っていた点は異なる。
- Shin soku ri' (literaly, mind is nothing but ri) as advocated by Wang Yangming is basically a copy of Lu Hsiang-shan's idea, the only difference being that Lu Hsiang-shan did not divide one's mind into Tenri and Jinyoku but Wang Yangming, like Zhu Xi, believed in the 'awareness of the heavenly principal (tenri) expels human desires'.
- この本が受け入れられた背景として、日本人の判官贔屓の心情だけではなく、かつての入夷伝説の形成が江戸期における蝦夷地への関心と表裏であったように、領土拡大、大陸進出に突き進んでいた当時の日本社会の風潮があった。
- In the background of the popularity of this book, there was not only the Japanese people's sympathy for Yoshitsune (Hogan-biiki), but also the trend that existed at that time, in which the Japanese society was keen to extend its territory toward the continent, and this was a phenomenon comparable with the legend of Yoshitsune's migration to Ezo (Hokkaido) called Nyui Densetsu, which was born with the rise of the people' interest in Ezo during the Edo period just as two sides of the same coin.
- 補給の混乱を防ぐために、陸軍省は九州へ派遣される兵の装備をいったんスナイドル銃に統一させてから送り出していたが、動員規模が拡がるにつれて早くも3月にはスナイドル弾薬500万発の備蓄を使い果たして弾薬が欠乏した。
- In order to prevent confusion in supplying ammunition, the Army Ministry dispatched troops to Kyushu after having the whole troops armed with Snider rifle; as the scale of the mobilized troops grown, the Army Ministry had already run out of stockpiles of 5 million rounds of Snider Ammunition and become lack of ammunition in March.
- しかし、16日、天台座主・覚快が罷免となり親平氏派の明雲が復帰、17日、太政大臣・藤原師長、大納言・源資賢、参議・藤原光能、大宰大弐・藤原親信、越前国守・藤原季能、大蔵卿・高階泰経、陸奥国守・藤原範季らが解官。
- However, Kakukai, who was the head priest of the Tendai sect of Buddhism was dismissed from his post on 23rd (16th in old lunar calendar) and Myoun of the pro-Taira clan party was reassigned, and FUJIWARA no Moronaga, Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state), MINAMOTO no Suketaka, Dainagon (chief councilor of state), FUJIWARA no Mitsuyoshi, Sangi (councillor), FUJIWARA no Chikanobu, Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), FUJIWARA no Sueyoshi, Governor of Echizen Province, TAKASHINA no Yasutsune, Okurakyo (Minister of the Treasury), FUJIWARA no Norisue, Governor of Mutsu Province were dismissed from their court official posts on 24th (17th in old lunar calendar).
- 冬の間、本州付近を支配していた大陸高気圧の張り出しや、移動性高気圧の通り道が北に偏り、一方で、その北方高気圧の張り出しの南縁辺に沿って、冷湿な北東気流が吹いたり、本州南岸沿いに前線が停滞し易くなるために生ずる。
- This phenomenon occurs because of the fact that a front tends to become stationary along the southern shore of Honshu as expansion of continental anticyclone which was dominant during winter in the vicinity of Honshu or the path of the migratory anticyclone leans to the north, and on the other hand, cold and wet northeast airstream flows along southern edge of the expansion of anticyclone from the north.
- 行政区画は、天皇の権力の及ぶ範囲、畿内(大和・摂津・河内(後、和泉が分立)・山城)と七道(東海・東山・北陸・山陰・山陽・南海・西海)に分け(道制)、その下に66国と壱岐国(いき)嶋、対馬国(つしま)嶋が置かれた。
- Administrative areas were divided between the areas ruled by the emperor, the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara - Yamato, Settsu, Kawachi [Izumi later became separate], and Yamashiro), and the shichido (the seven districts of ancient Japan - Tokaido, Tosando, Hokurikudo, Sanindo, Sanyodo, Nankaido and Saikaido) (called 'Dosei,' a system of administrative areas according to main roads), and 66 provinces were created below these in addition to Iki Province and Tsushima Province.
- しかし、上空に寒気が流入したり、クラウドクラスターと呼ばれる積乱雲の親雲が中国大陸付近から東進してくると、梅雨前線付近で大量の水蒸気が凝結して雲を作り、対流活動が活発化して、しばしば積乱雲を伴った強い雨雲となる。
- If cold air flows into the sky, or parent cloud for cumulonimbus called cloud cluster advances toward the east from the vicinity of Mainland China, however, a large amount of moisture is condensed to form cloud in the vicinity of the baiu front which cloud becomes strong rain cloud often accompanied by cumulonimbus.
- しかし、17日夜に八条院、18日に上西門院・亮子内親王が法住寺殿を去り、北陸宮も逐電、入れ替わるように後鳥羽天皇、守覚法親王、円恵法親王、天台座主・明雲が御所に入っており、義仲への武力攻撃の決意を固めたと思われる。
- However, on the night of January 8, Hachijoin left Hojuji-dono Palace, on January 9, Josaimonin and the Imperial Princess Ryoshi left, Hokuroku no miya ran away, and, as if to replace them, Emperor Gotoba, Cloistered Imperial Prince Shukaku, Cloistered Imperial Prince Ene, and Myoun of Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) entered the Imperial Palace, and judging from the move, it is considered that Goshirakawa had made up his mind to attack Yoshinaka.
- 黄砂(こうさ)とは、特に中華人民共和国を中心とした東アジア内陸部の砂漠または乾燥帯の砂塵が、風を伴う砂嵐(砂じんあらし)などによって空に巻き上げられ、春を中心に東アジアなどの広範囲に飛来し、地上に降り注ぐ気象現象。
- Kosa indicates the following weather phenomenon: Dust in inland deserts or dry zones in eastern Asia centered around People's Republic of China, is flung up into the air, for example, by a sandstorm, and is carried and falls over a wide area of eastern Asia centered around spring.
- 朝鮮総督は天皇に直隷して、委任の範囲内に置ける朝鮮防備のための軍事(後に陸海軍司令官への軍事請求権に改正)を行使したり、内閣総理大臣を経由して立法権、行政権、司法権や王公族及び朝鮮貴族に関する多岐な権限を持っていた。
- The Chosen Sotoku-fu belonged directly to the Emperor, and it could use military force (later revised to the military claim right to the Commander of Army and Navy) to protect Korea in the range of delegation, and had legislative, executive and judicial power through the prime minister, and a wide variety of authority on royal families and Korean noble families.
- その後、逃走者が発見された場合には逃亡先の戸籍に編入させられる「当所編附」あるいは元の本貫地への強制送還させられる「本貫還附」の措置が取られた(ただし、陸奥国・出羽国の本貫者については「本貫還附」が決められていた)。
- Later, when those that fled were found, measures either 'tosho henpu' that made them admitted to the family register that they had fled to, or 'hongan kanpu' that had them deported back to their original honganchi, was taken (however, for people with hongan in Mutsu Province and Dewa Province, 'hongan kanpu' was taken).
- 江戸時代後期、慶応3年(1867年)に15代征夷大将軍徳川慶喜が大政奉還を行って江戸幕府が消滅し、山岡鉄太郎の斡旋により新政府軍の大総督府参謀である西郷隆盛と徳川家陸軍総裁の勝海舟の会談で江戸城の無血開城が決定する。
- In 1867 in the late Edo period, the Edo bakufu ruined due to the Taisei Hokan conducted by the 15th Seii Taishogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, then through the mediation of Tetsutaro YAMAOKA, the bloodless surrender of Edo Castle was decided at a meeting of Takamori SAIGO, a general officer of the grand government general, and Kaishu KATSU, president of the Tokugawa family's army.
- 源光信(美濃源氏)、多田行綱(多田源氏)、山本義経(近江源氏)、武田信義、一条忠頼、安田義定(甲斐源氏)、伊豆国の源頼朝、陸奥国の源義経などの名があるが、当時の重要人物の欠落や錯誤が多く、後世の創作と考えられている。
- The list includes such names as MINAMOTO no Mitsunobu (of the Mino Genji), Yukitsuna TADA (of the Tada Genji), Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO (of the Omi Genji), Nobuyoshi TAKEDA, Tadayori ICHIJO, Yoshisada YASUDA (of the Kai Genji), as well as MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in Izu province and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune in Mutsu province, but many of the most important and powerful people of the day are missing from the list and there are many errors, prompting some to consider the list a literary fiction added later.
- さらに太平洋戦争の勃発にともなって香港、マレー半島、シンガポール、フィリピンなどで日本軍が捕獲した多数の連合軍捕虜、中国大陸からは強制連行されてきた中国人労働者、さらに朝鮮半島から徴用された朝鮮人が現場に投入された。
- Furthermore, following the outbreak of the Pacific War, many prisoners of the allied forces who the Japanese army captured in Hong Kong, the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, the Philippines, etc., Chinese laborers who were forced to be brought against their will from the Chinese continent, and Koreans who were drawn from the Korean Peninsula were poured into the scene of labor.
- 近代になると鞆の浦の拠点性はますます低下していき、1913年(大正3年)の鞆鉄道線開通により陸上交通の利便性は向上したものの、半島の先端という孤立した環境や開発可能な平野部が少ないことなどから近代化の波に取り残された。
- Modern Tomonoura had gradually lost its importance as a hub, and even the enhanced land traffic convenience based on the opening of railroads by Tomotetsudo Co., Ltd., in 1913 could not prevent Tomonoura from failing to catch up the others amid the sweeping tide of modernization due to locational disadvantages of being an isolated tip of peninsula and lacking developable plains.
- 京都に集結した諸将は、北陸から信越、東海、九州の筑前、豊後、豊前が大半であったが、「東軍」には細川氏一族が畿内と四国の守護を務めていたことに加えその近隣地域にも自派の守護を配置していたため、地理的には優位を占めていた。
- Whereas the military leaders having gathered in Kyoto had mostly come from Hokuriku, Shinetsu, Tokai, and Kyushu provinces of Chikuzen, Bungo, and Buzen, the Eastern camp had a geographical advantage because not only members of the Hosokawa family were shugos in the provinces around the capital and in Shikoku but also shugos affiliated with the family were appointed in neighboring areas.
- 近江商人は八幡堀の地の利を活かし、地場産物(畳表、蚊帳、米、酒など)を陸路や水路を利用して各地へ搬出し、各地の産物を持ち帰り、再び各地へ送り出すといった「諸国産物回し」と呼ばれる商法によって、各地の産業振興に貢献した。
- Taking advantage of Hachiman-bori Canal's geographical advantage, Omi merchants adopted a trade scheme called 'Shokoku Sanbutsu Mawashi (circulation of goods among regions)' in which they shipped local goods (tatami straw mats, mosquito nets, rice, rice wine and others) via land and water and returned with goods from other regions, which in turn were shipped elsewhere, and through this cycle contributed to industrial development in various parts of the country.
- こうした干渉に対し、首相伊藤博文は列国会議開催による処理を提案したが、外相陸奥宗光は会議によってさらなる干渉を招く恐れを主張し、イギリス、アメリカ合衆国、イタリアなど他の列強の協力で勧告を牽制し、撤回させようと目論んだ。
- In response to the coordinated interventions, then-Japanese prime minister, Hirofumi ITO, made a proposal to the congress to hold a conference with the world powers, but then-foreign minister, Munemitsu MUTSU, claimed it might cause further intervention and proposed instead to invite other world powers, such as the UK, the U.S.A. and Italy, to counter and revoke the recommendation.
- これらの史料から安東氏は、鎌倉中期頃から陸奥に広範囲の所領を有した北条氏宗家(得宗)の被官(御内人)として蝦夷の統括者(蝦夷沙汰代官職)に任ぜられ、北条氏を通じて鎌倉幕府の支配下に組み込まれていったものと考えられている。
- Based on these historical materials, it is thought that the Ando clan was appointed to the administrator of Ezo (Ezosata daikan [local governor]) as a hikan (bureaucrat) (Miuchibito) of the head family of Hojo clan (Tokuso [the patrimonial head of the main branch of the Hojo clan]), which had an extensive territory in Mutsu Province from the mid-Kamakura period, and then through the Hojo clan, the Ando clan came to be controlled under the Kanamura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- しかし、寿永2年(1183年)5月に源義仲の軍が北陸から一気に京へ進軍すると、義仲軍に主力を壊滅させられていた平氏は、ついに安徳天皇を伴って京を脱出し大宰府に下向するが、豊後の武士・緒方維栄に撃退され屋島にたどり着いた。
- However, in May 1183, MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka's troops swept into Kyoto from Hokuriku, and the Taira clan, whose main forces were crushed by Yoshinaka's troops, finally decided to escape Kyoto and headed towards Dazaifu accompanied by Emperor Antoku, but were repelled by Koreyoshi OGATA, a bushi of Bungo and landed on Yashima Island.
- このとき、西郷の参議・近衛都督辞職は許可されたが、陸軍大将辞職と位階の返上は許されなかった(岩倉・木戸・大久保らは、これらを許可しないことによって、西郷ら遣韓派をいずれ政府に復帰させる意図があることを示したのであろう)。
- At the time, Saigo's resignation of the position of councilor and Konoe-totoku was approved, but his resignation of the title of full general was not approved, nor was he allowed to return that rank (based on this failure to receive approval, Iwakura, Kido and Okubo had plans to restore Saigo and the supporters of those in favor of sending an ambassador to Korea return to government).
- こうして田原方面から引き上げ、その後部線を保守している間に、上陸した政府背面軍に敗れた永山が御船で自焚・自刃し、4月8日には池上が安政橋口の戦いで敗れて、政府背面軍と鎮台の連絡を許すと、薩軍は腹背に敵を受ける形になった。
- They withdrew from the direction of Tahara, and while protecting their flank, NAGAYAMA, who had failed his objectives with the back army of the government that had landed, was censured himself and committed suicide with his sword, and also Ikegami failed at the Battle of Anseibashi-guchi on April 8, and upon being allowed to communicate with the back army and Chindai, the Satsu-gun was like an attacked both in front and rear.
- 奥州藤原氏(おうしゅうふじわらし)は前九年の役・後三年の役の後の寛治元年(1087年)から源頼朝に滅ぼされる文治5年(1189年)までの間、陸奥国(後の陸中国)平泉を中心に出羽国を含む東北地方一帯に勢力を張った一族である。
- The Oshu Fujiwara clan was the clan whose power stretched over the entire Tohoku region, which centered on Hiraizumi in Mutsu Province (later Rikuchu Province) and included Dewa Province, from 1087 after the Zenkunen War (the Early Nine Years' War) and the Gosannen War (the Later Three Years' War) to 1189, when it was destroyed by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
- 複雑化した話では、田村麻呂は伊勢の鈴鹿山にいた妖術を使う鬼の美女である悪玉(あくたま)と結婚し、その助けを得て悪路王(あくろおう)や大武王(おおたけおう)のような鬼の頭目を陸奥の辺りまで追って討つ(人名と展開は様々である)。
- In more complex versions, Tamuramaro marries Akutama, a beautiful oni living in Mt. Suzuka in Ise who practises witchcraft, and with her help, fights against oni leaders named Akuro-O or Otake-O to drive them off to Mutsu (names and details vary).
- 近現代では、ジェームズ・チャーチワードが一連のムー大陸関連書で基礎史料として引用した「ナーカル」という粘土板が架空の来歴に基づく偽書だったのではないかと疑われている例(ジェームズ・チャーチワード主張)などを挙げることができる。
- In the modern and present-day eras, the ckay tablet called ' Narcal,' which was quoted by James Churchward as a basic historical material in his book related to 'Continent of MU,' is suspected to be a gisho of fictitious origin (James Churchward insists).
- 元に滅ぼされた南宋(1279年に滅亡)から日本へ渡った蘭渓道隆・兀庵普寧や、北条時宗の招きに応じて来日した無学祖元、元からの国使として来日した一山一寧など、13世紀末から14世紀前半にかけて大陸から日本へ渡来した禅僧は多かった。
- Many Zen priests visited Japan from the late 13th century to the early 14th century including Rankei Doryu (Lanxi Daolong) and Gottan Funei, who crossed over to Japan from Southern Sung Dynasty (ruined in 1279), Mugaku Sogen, who visited Japan by invitation of Tokimune HOJO, and Issan Ichinei (Yishan Yining), who visited Japan as a kokushi (envoys dispatched from provincial governors) from the Yuan Dynasty.
- 続いて設立された立憲政友会を与党とする山本権兵衛内閣は軍部大臣現役武官制の廃止など陸海軍の内閣への発言力を弱める改革に着手したが、海軍高官の贈賄事件(シーメンス事件)の影響により再び国民の怒りを買いに内閣総辞職を余儀なくされた。
- The next administration led by Prime Minister Gonbei YAMAMOTO, with Rikken Seiyukai (Friends of Constitutional Government) as mainstream party, worked on reform to curb the influence of the Imperial Army and Navy in civilian government, including the abrogation of the law requiring military-related ministers to be active-duty military officers, but was forced into mass resignation in face of public ire over the corruption scandal involving high-ranking navy officers (Siemens Scandal).
- 山県有朋もかつて西郷のもとで御親兵・陸軍省創設のために働いており、鹿児島私学校徒を激昂させた鹿児島スナイドル弾薬製造設備の搬出では薩摩閥の大山巌に協力するなど、薩摩閥内部の西郷vs大久保の争いに長州閥が便乗する構図となっていた。
- Aritomo YAMAGATA once worked under SAIGO to found Goshinpei and the Army Ministry, but on the other hand, cooperated with Iwao OYAMA of the Satsuma clique in transferring the production equipment of Snider Ammunition from Kagoshima, which made Kagoshima Shigakko students angry; as such, the Choshu clique took advantage of the struggle between SAIGO and OYAMA within the Satsuma clique.
- 万延元年からは東大工町、慶應元年(1865年)からは水戸(「ト」字)、慶應2年(1866年)からは陸奥大迫(「盛」字)、石巻(「千」字)、深川十万坪(「ノ」字)、慶應3年(1867年)からは安芸国広島市(「ア」字)でも鋳造された。
- The minting of four-mon iron coin also started in Higashidaiku-cho in 1860, in Mito (coin marked with a letter of 'ト') in 1865, in Ohasama, Mutsu Province (coin marked with a letter of '盛'), Ishinomaki (coin marked with a letter of '千') and Jumantsubo of Fukagawa (coin marked with a letter of 'ノ') in 1866, and in Hiroshima City, Aki Province (coin marked with a letter of 'ア') in 1867.
- 著名な平氏出身者としては例えば東国に独立政権を樹立しようとして失敗した下総国・常陸国の平将門、時代が下って貴族政権で台頭した平清盛の先祖も東国出身の土着平氏であり、これを倒した源頼朝を支えた坂東平氏も同じ土着系平氏の末裔であった。
- Famous members of the Taira clan included the following: TAIRA no Masakado of Shimousa Province and Hitachi Province, who tried but failed to establish an independent government in Togoku; TAIRA no Kiyomori, who led the aristocratic government; and the Bando-Heishi, supporters of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who had toppled Kiyomori; ironically, both Kiyomori and the Bando-Heishi could trace their ancestry back to the lineage of the Taira clan that was native to the Togoku.
- 通信使は釜山広域市から海路、対馬に寄港し、それから下関市を経て瀬戸内海を航行し、大坂からは川御座船に乗り換えて淀川を遡航し、淀よりは輿(三使)、馬(上・中官)と徒歩(下官)で行列を連ね、陸路を京都を経て江戸に向かうルートを取った。
- Tsushinshi came to Edo through the following route: The envoy got on board a ship at Pusan Metropolitan City, called at Tsushima, sailed through the Seto Inland Sea via Shimonoseki City, changed ships to Kawa gozabune (a roofed pleasure boat with a tatami floor and shoji used in a river) at Osaka, sailed up the Yodo-gawa River, and from Yodo, went by road in a procession of palanquins, each of which carried one of the three highest-ranked persons of the envoy, horses on which high or middle officers of the envoy rode and the other lower officers of the envoy who walked, via Kyoto.
- 親王家の庶子として生まれ、幼くして都を遠く離れた江戸の地で僧侶として過ごし、一時は「朝敵」の盟主となって奥州の地を転々とし、後には陸軍軍人として台湾平定の英雄とされ、異国の地で不運の死をとげた数奇な人生はヤマトタケルにたとえられた。
- His checkered life (he was born as an illegitimate child in an Imperial Prince's family, he spent his childhood as a priest in Edo far away from Kyoto, he became the leader of 'an enemy of the emperor' and moved from place to place in Oshu for a while, then he became a military man in the army and he was considered a hero of suppression of Taiwan, finally he died an unfortunate death in a foreign country) was compared to Yamato Takeru.
- 義仲はその皇子を「北陸宮」と名付けて、上洛時にこれを押し立てて平氏とともに西走した安徳天皇に代わって皇位に就けようと画策するが、かつて以仁王が勝手に親王を称して令旨を発行したことを不快に思っていた後白河法皇によって退けられたという。
- Yoshinaka nicknamed this imperial prince 'Prince Hokuriku,' and when he triumphantly marched into the capital a few years later, he planned to put him forward as a potential replacement for Emperor Antoku, who had fled with the Taira to the west, on the imperial throne, but was forced to abandon the idea by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, who had been displeased by prince Mochihito's usurpation of the title of 'imperial prince' when he issued his command.
- 佐竹氏と、千葉氏、上総氏一族との対立はここに始まり、それが解消するのは、1180年の源頼朝の旗揚げに、千葉介、上総介一族が合流し、「富士川の戦い」に平家を破ったあと、転じて常陸に佐竹氏を攻めて敗走させるまで待たなければならなかった。
- The conflict between Satake, Chiba, and Kazusa clans started here and was solved with the mobilization of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in 1180 where Chiba no suke (assistant governor of Chiba Province) and Kazusa no suke clans gathered, defeated Taira clan in 'the Battle of Fujikawa River,' attacked the Satake clan of Hitachi, and made them flee after losing the battle.
- 横山城は美濃国の関ヶ原(岐阜県関ケ原町)から浅井氏の本拠地である小谷城(滋賀県湖北町)の西側を通る北陸脇往還街道のすぐ脇に立地するうえに、小谷城から6-7kmほどの距離しかないため、織田信長は重要な前線基地として横山城の攻略を目指した。
- Because Yokoyama-jo Castle was located in Sekigahara of Mino Province (the present-day Sekigahara-cho, in Gifu Prefecture) and near the Hokuriku-wakiokan road running through the west side of the base of the Azai clan, Odani-jo Castle (in Kohoku-cho, Shiga Prefecture), and located only six or seven kilometers from Odani-jo Castle, Nobunaga ODA attempted to capture Yokoyama-jo Castle as an important front-line base.
- この言葉は、弘仁6年(815年)に朝廷が編纂した古代氏族の系譜集『新撰姓氏録』が、皇別(天皇・皇子の子孫)・神別(天津神・国津神の子孫)・諸蕃(朝鮮半島・中国大陸から渡来した人々の子孫)の3種に氏族を分類していることにちなむ造語である。
- The word 'Kobetsu Sekke' is originally coined by 'Shinsen Shojiroku'(Newly Complied Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility), the pedigree record of ancient cognate clans edited by the Imperial Court in 815 which classified clans into three types: Kobetsu (descendants of emperors and princes), Shinbetsu (descendants of Amatsukami [heavenly god] and Kunitsukami [god of the land]), and Shoban (descendants of migrants from Korean Peninsula and the Chinese Continent).
- 義綱は、改易となった後、慶長2年(1597年)正月2日より常陸国の佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)に仕え、慶長7年(1602年)に佐竹氏が出羽国に転封となると、これに従い、出羽国平鹿郡横手に移り十二所城代を務め、子孫は、佐竹氏の家老職などを務める。
- After Yoshitsuna was ordered 'kaieki', he served Yoshinobu SATAKE (Ukyo no daibu (Master of the Western Capital Offices)) in Hitachi Province from February 18, 1597 and when, in 1602, the SATAKE clan was ordered to change its territory in Dewa Province, he followed this and moved to Yokote, Hiraka County, Dewa Province and served as Jodai (the keeper of the castle) of Junisho-jo Castle and his offsprings served as Karo (chief retainer) of the SATAKE clan and so on.
- 安東氏の所領は稲作には必ずしも適さない土地に広がっており、その内陸部から得る利益は少ないものの、日本海に大きな交易網を形成することにより多大な経済的利益を得ることが可能な沿岸部の良港を押さえていたことから、海の豪族とする見方がされている。
- The Ando clan's territory, which was extended on the land infeasible for cultivation, and the profits gained from the inner land was scarce, however, the clan was gripping key ports along the coast, which had possibility to provide the clan an enormous benefit through a large-scale trading net in the Sea of Japan, and in this sense, the clan can be considered as a maritime local ruling family.
- 皇別とは弘仁6年(815年)に朝廷が編纂した古代氏族の系譜集『新撰姓氏録』が、皇別(天皇・皇子の子孫)・神別(天津神・国津神の子孫)・諸蕃(朝鮮半島・中国大陸その他から渡来した人々の子孫)の3種に氏族を分類していることにちなむ用語である。
- Kobetsu is a term associated with the classifications of three kinds of shizokus, namely Kobetsu (descendents of Emperors and Imperial Princes), Shinbetsu (descendents of Amatsukami [god of heaven] and Kunitsukami [god of the land]), and Shoban (descendents of immigrants from Korean Peninsula, Mainland China, and other areas) described in 'Shinsen Shojiroku (Newly Compiled Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility), a genealogy of ancient cognate clans compiled by the Chotei (Imperial Court) in 815.
- あるいはこの当時、出雲国は実際に越国(北陸地方)との交戦状態にあり、『出雲国風土記』には意宇(オウ)郡母里(モリ)郷(現在の島根県安来市)の地名説話において「越の八口」を平定したと記されており、これがこの神話の原型ではないかという説もある。
- There is also another opinion about a prototype of this myth; Izumo Province was actually in a state of war with Koshi Province in those days, and 'Izumo no kuni fudoki' (the topography of Izumo Province) states that 'eight mouths in Koshi' were suppressed in the tale of the place-name concerning Mori village, Ou county.
- 太平洋戦争勃発後、無尽会社は戦時統合の対象とされ、都道府県別に1社に「強制的に合併させられた」と第二地方銀行協会は記念誌で主張しているが、これは、陸上交通事業調整法のような直接的法律に基づき行なわれた明確な処分ではないので、実態は未詳である。
- After the Pacific War broke out, Mujin companies became the target of wartime integration and a Second Association of Regional Banks asserted in an anniversary magazine that they were 'forced to merge' into one company per prefecture, but this was not a clear disposition performed based on direct law like the Land Transportation Business Coordination Act, therefore, actual conditions are not known.
- 江戸時代末期・明治時代の開国による外交関係の樹立から大陸情勢への関係が不回避となると、当時の武将達が三韓征伐を想起したように、秀吉の朝鮮出兵もクローズ・アップされるようになり、大陸への進出は豊臣秀吉公の遺志を継ぐ行いだと考えるものも多くなった。
- When involvement in situations in the continent became inevitable as a result of the establishment of diplomatic relationships by opening Japan in the last days of the Edo and the Meiji periods, same as commanders at the time of war were reminded of sankan-seibatsu (the conquest of three countries in old Korea), dispatch of troops by Hideyoshi came to be closed up and many came to consider advancing into the continent was conduct following Hideyoshi's wishes.
- 大正に入り、アメリカ合衆国に学び牧師となっていた小谷部全一郎は、北海道に移住してアイヌ問題に取り組んでいたが、アイヌの人々が信仰するオキクルミが義経であるという話を聞き、義経北行伝説の真相を明かすために大陸に渡って満州・モンゴル高原を旅行した。
- During the Taisho period, Zenichiro OYABE, who after having studied in the United States became a priest and migrated to Hokkaido, and while he was working for the issues concerning the Ainu, he heard about Okikirmuy, that the Ainu people believed was Yoshitsune, and then, he went over to the continent to travel to Manchuria and the Mongolian plateau to find out the truth of the Yoshitsune north refuge legend.
- 台湾では戦後、国共内戦に破れ遷台した中国国民党が、それまで台湾に住む本省人を弾圧(白色テロ、1947年に発生した二・二八事件はその最大規模のものである。)、大陸反攻を国是とし軍事を優先とした政策を実施したため、台湾のインフラ整備は後回しにされた。
- In postwar Taiwan, the Kuomintang Party, which was defeated by communist forces in the Chinese civil war and moved to Taiwan, suppressed the native-born Taiwanese who had been living in Taiwan before the Kuomintang related immigration wave (the White Terror and the 228 incident in 1947 was the largest scale suppression) and developed the military-first policy with the national credo of 'counterattack the mainland,' and as a result, the development of the infrastructure in Taiwan was put on the back-burner.
- そもそもの発端は、平将門の叔父達の「婿入り先」であって、それによって平将門の叔父達は関東、特に常陸国、上総国、下総国、武蔵国などに地盤を築いたと見られ、その「婿入り先」同士の利害対立が、平将門と叔父、従兄弟同士の抗争に結びついていった形跡がある。
- It originally started with the 'family the groom married into' uncles of the TAIRA no Masakado, and uncles of TAIRA no Masakado built a structure in Kanto region especially in Hitachi, Kazusa, Shimousa, and Musashi Provinces, and there was a trace that the conflict of interest between 'places where the grooms married' led to the struggle between TAIRA no Masakado, his uncle, and cousins.
- この事件をきっかけに蓑田胸喜ら原理日本社の右翼、および菊池武夫 (陸軍軍人)(貴族院 (日本))や宮澤裕(衆議院・立憲政友会所属)らの国会議員は、司法官赤化の元凶として帝国大学法学部の「赤化教授」の追放を主張、司法試験委員であった滝川を非難した。
- Due to this incident, Muneki MINODA and others from the right wing group, Genri Nihonsha, Takeo KIKUCHI (army veteran) (House of Peers (Japan)), Yu MIYAZAWA (House of Representatives, affiliated with Rikken Seiyukai) and other Diet members proposed the exile of 'Red (communist) Professors' in the Faculty of Law in imperial universities as the cause of communist judges and accused Takigawa, who was a member of the bar test board.
- 倭国王は、大陸王朝に対しては倭国王もしくは倭王と称したが、倭国内においては、熊本県の 江田船山古墳から出土した鉄剣・鉄刀銘文に「台天下獲□□□鹵大王」とあったことから王または大王 (ヤマト王権)、治天下大王(あめのしたしろしめすおおきみ)と称していた。
- While the King of Wa called himself the King of Wakoku, or the King of Wa to the dynasties in the Asian Continents, in the country, he called himself the king or the great king (Yamato sovereignty), or amenoshitashiroshimesu okimi (the title of the king of Wa), judging from an iron sword carved with letters, ' 台天下獲□□□鹵大王 (the title of king),' which was excavated in the Eta Funayama Tumulus in Kumamoto Prefecture.
- その後、軍団が復活すると、健児は軍団の兵士として位置づけられ、10世紀ごろには、健児維持に用するための健児田が設定されたり、全国定員が約3600人(陸奥・出羽・佐渡にも置かれるようになったが、西海道には置かれなかった)とされていたことなどが判っている。
- It has been discovered that kondei soldiers were later included in the cohort system once the cohorts were revived, and subsequently, a special tax exemption system called kondei-den was established in order to maintain kondei, and approximately 3,600 kondei soldiers were deployed throughout the country (kondei were deployed in Mutsu, Dewa, and Sado Provinces as well, but not deployed in the Saikai-do Region) as a general rule in the tenth century.
- 三室戸敬光は昭和初期に貴族院 (日本)議員(会派は研究会)に互選され、特に1935年(昭和10年)に起こったいわゆる天皇機関説問題に際して、男爵菊池武夫 (陸軍軍人)議員とともに美濃部達吉を追求し辞職に追い込み、さらには国体明徴声明を岡田内閣に出させている。
- During the early Showa period, Yukimitsu MIMURODO was elected a member of the House of Peers (belonging to the group 'Kenkyukai') through mutual election; and in a dispute over the 'Emperor as an organ of government Theory' started in 1935, Yukimitsu, together with another member of the House, Baron Takeo KIKUCHI (a Japanese Imperial Army soldier), questioned Tatsukichi MINOBE, the advocate of the theory, and forced him to resign from the House of Peers, and also, made the Okada Cabinet to issue the Kokutai Meicho proclamation.
- しかし、この戦いの後に中央で足利尊氏が室町幕府を開いた後も菊池氏は南朝方として頑強に抵抗を続け、さらに南朝の後醍醐天皇の皇子である懐良親王が伊予国の宇都宮貞泰と共に九州に上陸して幕府勢力と戦い、一時期九州は懐良親王率いる征西軍府の南朝方が圧倒的優位の地となる。
- However, after the battle, Takauji ASHIKAGA established the Muromachi Shogunate as the central government, but the Kikuchi clan continued to resist stubbornly as the Southern Court side; furthermore, Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, an Imperial prince of Emperor Godaigo, along with Sadayasu UTSUNOMIYA of Iyo Province landed in Kyushu to fight the Shogunate side, and the Southern Court side led by Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi in the anti-western forces posts dominated Kyushu for a while.
- また1580年から1640年までスペイン王がポルトガル王を兼ねたため(ポルトガルの歴史参照)、ポルトガル・イエズス会と密接な関係にある天正遣欧使節の一行も、ポルトガルから陸路スペインに入って各地を訪問、1584年11月にはマドリードでフェリペ2世に謁見している。
- Since the King of Spain also served as the King of Portugal from 1580 to 1640 (see the History of Portugal), the Tensho era mission to Europe, which was closely related to the Society of Jesus, entered Spain by land from Portugal and visited various places, and was presented to Felipe the Second in Madrid in November 1584.
- この時の官軍側には、司令官の谷干城少将(後に農商務大臣)、参謀長の樺山資紀中佐(後に海軍大臣・軍令部長)はじめ、児玉源太郎少佐(後に陸軍大臣・参謀総長)、川上操六少佐(後に参謀総長)・奥保鞏少佐(後に参謀総長・元帥)など、後年の大物軍人・政治家らが参加していた。
- At this time, persons who would later become leading military men and statesmen participated in the government army: Major General Tateki TANI (later, Minister of Agriculture and Commerce) as Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Colonel Sukenori KABAYAMA (later, Navy Minister, Chief of the Naval General Staff) as Chief of Staff, as well as Major Gentaro KODAMA (later, Army Minister, Chief of the General Staff), Major Soroku KAWAKAMI (later, Chief of the General Staff), Major Yasukata OKU (later, Chief of General Staff, General of the Army), for example.
- スナイドル弾薬の調達を担当した陸軍省の西郷従道と原田一道は、大量の弾薬を調達すべく、海軍省から弾薬製造設備を借り受けたり、外国商人から空薬莢500万個の購入を計画したり、あるいは清国から弾薬を借り受けるなど、前線で戦う兵士達の火力を支える弾薬調達に東奔西走した。
- Tsugumichi SAIGO and Ichido HARADA of the Army Ministry, who were responsible for supplying Snider Ammunition, rushed about frantically busy supplying ammunition to support firepower of soldiers fighting in the front line by taking every possible measures like obtaining permission to use the facilities to produce ammunition from the Navy Ministry, planning to purchase 5 million empty cartridge cases from a foreign merchant, and borrowing ammunition from the Qing dynasty in order to supply a great deal of ammunition.
- 、長崎の出島への折衝のみを前提としてきた幕府のこれまでの方針に反して、江戸湾の目と鼻の先である浦賀に強行上陸したアメリカ合衆国のマシュー・ペリーとやむなく交渉した幕府は、翌年の来航時には江戸湾への強行突入の構えをみせたペリー艦隊の威力に屈し日米和親条約を締結した。
- In 1853 the shogunate government was forced to change the conventional foreign policy that foreign negotiation should be conducted only in Dejima island in Nagasaki and have talks with Matthew Perry of the United State who landed defiantly at Uraga, in the backyard of Edo, and next year concluded the Japan-U.S. Treaty of Peace and Amity, yielding to the pressure from the Perry squadron in readiness to enter the Edo Bay.
- スナイドル銃が陸海軍に制式採用されてから以降、その弾薬供給が鹿児島属廠に独占されていたため、重要拠点である東京・大阪の鎮台兵には、後装式ながら紙製薬莢を使うツンナール銃(ドライゼ銃)を装備した兵が多かったが、ツンナール銃とスナイドル銃は全く違う弾薬を使用していた。
- After the Snider rifle having been formally adopted by the Army and the Navy, the arsenal in Kagoshima had exclusively supplied ammunition for the rifle; therefore, the most soldiers of the garrisons in the key strongholds of Tokyo and Osaka were armed with Zundnadel gun (Dreyse needle-gun), which is the breechloader to be loaded with a paper cartridge case and uses completely different ammunition from that for Snider rifle.
- これは新国家建設のためには「海陸警備ノ制」(軍事)・「教令率育ノ道」(教育)・「審理刑罰ノ法」(司法)・「理財会計ノ方」(財政)の4つの確立の必要性を唱え、その実現には府藩県三治制の非効率さを指摘して府・藩・県の機構を同一のものにする「三治一致」を目指すものとした。
- In order to construct the new nation, the above proposal argued the necessity of establishing four systems, namely a 'military system' (military), an 'education system' (education), a 'judicial system' (judiciary) and a ' financial/accounting system' (finance), and pointed out the inefficiency of the fu-han-ken sanchisei and proposed to adopt 'sanchi-icchi' (conformation of tripartite governance) system under which fu, han and ken would adopt the same system.
- 市内に所在する日本有数の内陸型工業団地の長田野工業団地や、アネックス京都三和(愛称:エコートピア京都三和)工業団地には東京証券取引所ならびに大証や、ジャスダックなどに株式上場している多数の企業またはその子会社が拠点を置いており、それが与える地元の雇用の影響は大きい。
- Many companies listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange, Osaka Securities Exchange or Jasdaq Securities Exchange, Inc. or their subsidiaries, have their bases located in the Osadano Industrial Park which is one of the largest inland industrial parks, and the Annex Kyoto Miwa Industrial Park (nicknamed Ecotopia Kyoto Miwa) located in the city, and have a large influence on local employment.
- 天正の陣(てんしょうのじん)は、1585年(天正13年)に全国統一を目指す羽柴秀吉(豊臣秀吉)の命を受けた中国・毛利氏の小早川隆景率いる軍勢が四国は伊予国新居郡(現在の愛媛県新居浜市)に上陸し、金子城城主 金子氏金子元宅率いる地元勢力を圧倒的な戦力で制圧した戦である。
- The Battle of Tensho (Tensho no Jin) was one in which the army led by Takakage KOBAYAKAWA, of the Mori clan in the Chugoku region, landed at Nii County, Iyo Province (the present-day Niihama City, Ehime Prefecture) in Shikoku in 1585, doing so at the orders of Hideyoshi HASHIBA (Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), who was attempting to integrate the entire nation, and defeated the local troops led by the lord of Kaneko-jo Castle, Motoie KANEKO, of the Kaneko clan, with overwhelming force.
- とはいえ一介の国人であった伊達氏が、京都扶持衆に列したのを契機に中央政界との緊密性を獲得し、陸奥国守護職補任、さらには室町幕府において足利一門にのみ許されてきた奥州探題職に補任、かつ足利一門屈指の名門で斯波氏の同族 大崎氏に庶子を入嗣として送り込み事実上の傘下に治めた。
- Nevertheless, what a mere local lord, the Date clan, had done at that time, such as establishing a close relationship with a central government after appointed as Kyoto fuchishu, holding the posts of Mutsu shugoshiki and even Oshu Tandai which was reserved for the Ashikaga clan and also putting the Osaki clan, a family line of the Shiba clan (the most powerful Ashikaga family) under its control by sending its illegitimate child to the Osaki clan, were not what other local lords could easily achieve.
- 千葉介、上総介一族が、頼朝に加担したのは、『吾妻鏡』にいうような、両氏が累代の源氏の郎等であったからではなく、平家と結んだ下総の藤原氏、そして常陸の佐竹氏の侵攻に対して、頼朝を担ぐことによってそれを押し返し、奪い取られた自領を復活する為の起死回生の掛けであったといわれる。
- It is said that the reason why the families of Chiba no suke and Kazusa no suke joined Yoritomo was not because they were followers of the generations of the Genji family as stated in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East); rather, they supported Yoritomo to fight back against the attacks by the Fujiwara clan of Shimosa, who was aligned with the Taira family, and the Satake clan of Hitachi in an attempt to recover their lost territories, which was a revival gamble.
- 丹後天橋立大江山国定公園(たんごあまのはしだておおえやまこくていこうえん)は、京都府京丹後市から京都府舞鶴市の由良川河口右岸に至る「丹後半島海岸地区」及び、丹後半島内陸部の「世屋高原地区」、福知山市の旧大江町地域を中心とした「大江山連峰地区」の3地区で構成された国定公園。
- The Tango-Amanohashidate-Oeyama Quasi-National Park consists of the three areas of 'the seashore area of the Tango peninsula,' which covers the area from Kyotango City of Kyoto Prefecture to the right-side shore of the estuary of Yura-gawa River in Maizuru City, of 'the Seya highland area,' an inland area of the Tango peninsula, and of 'the Oe-yama mountain range area' centered on the former Oe-cho area of Fukuchiyama City.
- 千葉介、上総介一族が、頼朝に加担したのは、『吾妻鏡』が美化して伝えるような、両氏が代々源氏の家人であったからではなく、平家と結んだ下総国の藤原氏、そして常陸国の佐竹氏の侵攻に対して、頼朝を担ぐことによってそれを押し返し、奪い取られた自領を復活する為の起死回生の掛けであった。
- The reason why Chiba and Kazusa no Suke clans supported Yoritomo was not only because they both were the servants of Minamoto clan as beautified by 'Azuma Kagami,' but to repel the invasion of the Fujiwara clan of Shimousa Province and the Satake clan of Hitachi Province by supporting Yoritomo and to recover their stolen estate as a gamble to turn things around from facing a complete defeat.
- これより、南下政府軍、また上陸してくると予想される政府軍、熊本鎮台に対処するために、熊本城攻囲を池上にまかせ、永山弥一郎に海岸線を抑えさせ、篠原国幹(六箇小隊)は田原に、村田・別府(五箇小隊)は木留に、桐野(三箇小隊)は山鹿に分かれ、政府軍を挟撃して高瀬を占領することにした。
- After that, he had to deal with the situation that the Southern Government army and Government army were suspected to have landed, and the Kumamoto Chindai, thus, he left the seige of Kumamoto castle to Ikegami and had Yaichiro NAGAYAMA control the shoreline, and sent the shotai platoon separately with Kunitomo SHINOHARA (Rokka-shotai platoon) to Tahara, meanwhile Murata and Beppu (Goka-shotai platoon) were at Kitome, and Kirino (Sanka-shotai platoon) was at Yamaga, thus they tried to attack the Government army from both sides and capture Takase.
- 派生氏族は公家ばかりではなく、藤原道兼宇都宮氏・小田氏、藤原長家那須氏、勧修寺流上杉氏、藤原山蔭伊達氏、藤原利仁斎藤氏・加藤氏、藤原秀郷奥州藤原氏・足利氏 (藤原氏)・小山氏・結城氏・佐野氏・小野崎氏など、主に関東・北陸・東北を中心に活躍した多数の武家が藤原北家の末裔と称した。
- The derivative clan was not merely limited to court nobility but also included a large number of samurai families that had influence mainly in Kanto, Hokuriku and Tohoku, claiming to be descended from the Northern House--such as the FUJIWARA no Michikane-Utsunomiya clan, the Oda clan, the FUJIWARA no Nagaie-Nasu clan, the Uesugi clan of the Kajuji group, the Fujiwara-Yamakage-Date clan, the FUJIWARA no Toshihito-Saito clan, the Kato clan, the FUJIWARA no Hidesato-Oshu Fujiwara clan, the Ashikaga clan (the Fujiwara clan), the Oyama clan, the Yuki clan, the Sano clan and the Onosaki clan.
- 吉野の山中にて南朝を開き、京都朝廷(北朝 (日本))と吉野朝廷(南朝)が並立する南北朝時代に後醍醐天皇は、尊良親王や恒良親王らを新田義貞に命じて北陸へ向かわせたほか、懐良親王を征西将軍に任じて九州へ、宗良親王を東国へ、義良親王を陸奥国へと、各地に自分の皇子を送って北朝方に対抗させようとした。
- In the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts, in which the Kyoto Court (Northern Court [Japan]) and Yoshino Court (Southern Court) both stood, the Emperor Godaigo, who set up the Southern Court in the middle of Mt. Yoshino, not only ordered Yoshisada NITTA to dispatch the Imperial Prince Kanenaga and the Imperial Prince Tsuneyoshi to Hokuriku region and appointed the Imperial Prince Korenaga Seisei shogun to dispatch him to Kyushu region, but also dispatched other imperial princes of his own to various places such as the Imperial Prince Muneyoshi to the eastern Japan, and the Imperial Prince Norinaga to Mutsu Province, in order to oppose the Northern Court.
- さらに明和2年(1765年)から金座監督の下、江戸亀戸、明和4年(1767年)から京都伏見、明和5年(1768年)からは仙台石巻(「千」字)、常陸国常陸太田市(「久、久二」字)などの銭座で鉄一文銭が大量に鋳造され、銭相場は下落し安永7年(1778年)頃には一両=6000文前後を付けるに至った。
- Moreover, since a large amount of one-mon coins was minted at zeniza in Kameido, Edo from 1765 under the supervision of kinza (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of gold during the Edo period), at zeniza in Fushimi, Kyoto from 1767, and at zeniza in Ishinomaki of Sendai (coin marked with a letter of '千'), Hitachiota City, Hitachi Province (coin marked with a letter or letters of '久' or '久二') and so on from 1768, the market price of currency fell and dropped to about 6,000 mon per ryo in around 1778.
- しかし、纏向遺跡に搬入された土器特徴から、考古学的にはおそくとも弥生時代末期までには、纏向遺跡の地を支配する勢力を中心に東海地方から北陸・近畿・阿讃瀬戸内・吉備・出雲ならびに北部九州までの各地の政治勢力がなんらかの形で参加したヤマト王権の原型ともいえる緩やかな政治連合が形成されていたことになる。
- However, from features observed in pottery from the Makimuku sites, it is believed that by the end of the Yayoi Period at the latest, regional political powers from the Tokai region down through Hokuriku, Kinki, Asan Setouchi, Kibi, Izumo to northern Kyushu participated in the central polity located in the Makimuku sites, forming a loose political alliance that is thought to have been the foundation of the Yamato Kingdom.
- 不合朝69代神足別豊鋤天皇の代にミヨイ、タミアラが陥没した(なおこのミヨイ、タミアラの文字は1940年10月の『天国棟梁天皇御系図宝の巻き前巻・後巻』児玉天民著が初出である)とムー大陸(1938年6月号の『神日本』の「陥没大陸ムー国」が日本での初期紹介)やアトランティス大陸を思わせる記述がある。
- There is a description that explains Miyoi and Tamiara collapsed (the characters for Miyoi and Tamiara are first seen in the books '天国棟梁天皇御系図宝の巻き前巻・後巻' by Tenmin KODAMA in October 1940) in the era of the sixty-ninth emperor of the Aezu dynasty, the Emperor Kantaru waketoyosuki, which reminiscent of the Continent of Mu first introduced into Japan in 'Kanbotsu tairiku Mu koku' (Collapsed Continent of Mu) in 'Kami Nihon,' June 1938 edition) or the Continent of Atlantis.
- 地子稲収入は畿内・伊賀国では正税の補充に、大宰府管内諸国では対馬国・多禰国(後に廃止)の公廨の補充に、陸奥国・出羽国では兵士の兵糧や蝦夷への狄禄の補充に充てられ、他の令制国では中央に近い諸国や沿岸諸国では舂米の形で、それ以外の国々では地子交易を行って軽貨の形で太政官厨家に納入されることが定められていた。
- Jishito revenue was used for replenishment of shozei (the rice tax stored in provincial offices' warehouse) in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) and Iga Province, and for maintaining public offices for Tsushima Province and Tane Province (abolished later) in provinces within Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region), and for replenishment of army provisions for soldiers and for stipends to Ezo (northerners) in Mutsu Province and Dewa Province, and in other provinces under ryoseikoku (province), jishito was paid to Daijokan (Grand Council of State) in the form of shomai (rice made by pounding it in a mortar) in provinces near the central government or sea and in the form of keika (fabrics such as silk or cotton or other local specialties) after doing jishi trade in provinces other than those.
- 太平洋戦争末期の1945年3月21日の九州沖航空戦の際、「神風特別攻撃隊第一神雷桜花隊・第一神雷攻撃隊」(ロケット特攻機「桜花 (航空機)」と、その母機である一式陸上攻撃機で編成された攻撃隊)は、九州南方沖に迫った米海軍高速空母機動部隊に対する攻撃に出撃したものの、敵の艦上戦闘機部隊の迎撃により全滅した。
- During the air battle off Kyushu of March 21, 1945 in the closing days of the Pacific War, the 'First Jinrai Oka Kogekitai and First Jinrai Kogekitai' (attack units comprised of rocket powered 'Oka' (aircraft) and their carrier aircraft, the Type 1 Attack bomber) launched attacks on the US Navy high-speed aircraft carrier task force which was closing in on the southern offshore, but were intercepted and destroyed by enemy carrier-based fighter units.
- このため、天武天皇は大陸の礼楽思想を取り入れる意図をもって五節舞を考案したとする見方もある(なお、聖武天皇が元正上皇のために孝謙天皇(孝謙天皇)に五節舞を舞わせた際に、天皇が上皇に対して「天武天皇が天下統治のために礼と楽を整備するために五節舞を考え出された」と述べている(『続日本紀』天平15年5月辛丑条))。
- Based on this interpretation, a number of people assert that Emperor Tenmu invented the Gosechi no mai with the aim of introducing Reiraku philosophy (ancient Chinese philosophy emphasizing propriety and music) (Incidentally, when Emperor Shomu got Empress Koken to dance in a Gosechi no mai for the Retired Empress Gensho, the Emperor said to the Retired Empress, 'Emperor Tenmu invented Gosechi no mai with the intention to govern the nation and in order to make rei (propriety) and raku (music) take root among the people' ('Shoku Nihongi' - June 3, 743)).
- 両書を比較した場合、成立が後となる『大日本国一宮記』が記載を改めたとすると、同一社の神名を書き換えている神社19社の内14社が『延喜式神名帳』の記載神名に基づいて訂正されており、また卜部宿禰奥書『諸国一宮神名帳』では陸奥国一宮と豊後国一宮に式外社が記載されていたものが『大日本国一宮記』では式内社へ変更されている。
- 'Dainihonkoku Ichinomiya-Ki' corrected mistakes of 19 shrines' names in the copy of 'Shokoku Ichinomiya Jinmyocho' (only if the writer had known the copy), and based on 'Engi-shiki Jinmyocho' (the Catalogue of High-Ranking Shrines collected in 'Engi-shiki') made the 14 corrections of those mistakes; besides it re-categorized some shrines of Mutsu Province and Bungo Province, which the copy of 'Shokoku Ichinomiya Jinmyocho' had categorized into Shikigaisha (shrines which hadn't been listed in 'Engi-shiki Jinmyocho), into Shikinaisha (time-honored shrines which had been listed in 'Engi-shiki Jinmyocho').
- しかし、現役の自衛官が防衛大臣を兼ねることはともかく、かつて職業軍人であった者や自衛官であった者が、防衛大臣に就任すること自体は憲法違反にあたらないと解されている(例えば、旧海軍経理学校出身の中曽根康弘(中佐)、松野頼三(少佐)、山下元利(中尉)らや陸上自衛隊自衛官(二等陸尉)であった中谷元が防衛庁長官に就任している)。
- However, whether or not an active Self-Defense Official concurrently serves as a Secretary of State for Defense, it is understood that appointment of a career military man or a Self-Defense official to a Secretary of State for Defense itself is not illegal (For instance, Yasuhiro NAKASONE (lieutenant colonel) who graduated from the Naval Paymasters' School, Raizo MATSUNO (major), Ganri YAMASHITA (lieutenant), and Gen NAKATANI who was in the Japanese Self-Defense Forces (First Lieutenant) were appointed to Chief Secretary of State for Defense).
- 現状としては内陸型工業団地としては比較的大規模な長田野工業団地が高度経済成長を経た1974年(昭和49年)に整備着手がなされたことによる、工業や商業が主な福知山の産業になっているが、それらのかつての伝統と歴史を復活させようと総合的な学習の時間で学ばせる教育機関や、そういった活動の趣旨の民間団体が結成されるなどの動きも見られる。
- Currently heavy industries and commerce are the main industries of Fukuchiyama due to the development of Osadano Industrial Park (comparatively large inland industrial parks), which started in 1974 after the rapid economic growth; the development of this park has spawned some movements by educational institutions to implement a comprehensive curriculum to teach former traditions and history, together with the formation of private organizations which aim to carry out such activities.
- 鎌倉末期から南北朝時代における安東氏の支配領域は、安藤宗季(上記の季久とする説が有力)による譲り状や安藤師季に対する北畠顕家安堵状によると、陸奥国鼻和郡絹家島、尻引郷、行野辺郷、蝦夷の沙汰、糠部郡宇曾利郷、中浜御牧、湊、津軽西浜以下の地頭御代官職となっており、現在の青森県地方のうち八戸近辺を除く沿岸部のほとんどと推定されている。
- It is supposed that, the Ando clan's territory during the late Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts consisted of the major part of the coastal regions except for the vicinity of current Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, according to the documents such as a letter of concession by Munenori ANDO (the widely-accepted theory is that it was the same person as the above mentioned Suehisa) and Akiie KITABATAKE's certificate for the land directed to Morosue ANDO, in which it is mentioned that the clan was in charge of Jitoondaikan (deputy military governor) in Kinuka-jima, Shirihiki-go and Ikunobe-go, Ezo no sata of Hanawa County, Mutsu Province and in Usori-go, Nakahama-mimaki and Minato Tsugaru-nishihama of Nukabe County, Mutsu Province, and others.
- 鉄一文銭の総鋳造高は明治時代の大蔵省による流通高の調査により、6,332,619,404枚とされ、中でも明和年間以降の鋳造高が特に多く、亀戸では2,262,589貫文(2,262,589,000枚)、伏見1,422,782貫文(1,422,782,000枚)、常陸太田690,500貫文(690,500,000枚)などとなっている。
- The survey on the amount of circulated coins which was conducted by the Ministry of Finance in the Meiji period revealed that 6,332,619,404 one-mon iron coins were minted in total, and the amount of one-mon iron coins minted in and after the Meiwa era was especially high as shown by the following figures: 2,262,589 kanmon (2,262,589,000 coins) in Kameido, 1,422,782 kanmon (1,422,782,000 coins) in Fushimi, 690,500 kanmon (690,500,000 coins) in Hitachiota, and so on.
- 武家源氏として名を馳せた清和源氏においては畿内に始まり各地に土着しており、源満仲の子から摂津源氏、大和源氏、河内源氏とに分かれ、河内国を本拠地とした河内源氏の源義家(八幡太郎義家)はその主流で、その子孫は鎌倉幕府を開いた源頼朝に代表される武士として栄え、さらに河内源氏からは石川源氏、甲斐源氏、常陸源氏、下野源氏(足利氏)、上野源氏(新田氏)などが分派している。
- Seiwa-Genji, who enjoyed its fame as military Genji, originated in Kinai, or current Kansai region, spread to various regions, and then split up into Settu-Genji, Yamato-Genji and Kawachi-Genji after MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, and MINAMOTO no Yoshiie (Taro Yoshiie HACHIMAN) of the Kawachi-Genji, who were based in Kawachi Province, was the mainstream of them, whose descendants flourished as samurai represented by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who established the Kamakura bakufu, and other clans such as Ishikawa-Genji, Kai-Genji, Hitachi-Genji, Shimotsuke-Genji (Ashikaga clan) and Kozuke-Genji (Nitta clan) were descended from Kawachi-Genji as well.
- 京都七口は元来、京都と七道を結ぶ街道の入口として設置されたと考えられ、大原口(小原口・八瀬口→北陸道)・鞍馬口(出雲路口)・粟田口(東三条口→東海道)・伏見口(宇治口・木幡口→南海道)・鳥羽口(→西海道)・丹波口(西七条口・七条口→山陰道)・長坂口(→(丹波道))の7つと言われているが、これは関所が廃止された江戸時代以後の説で史実に即しているのか疑問を持たれている。
- It is thought that Kyoto nanakuchi were originally set as entrances to the roads connecting Kyoto and seven circuits, and are said to be the Oohara entrance (the Ohara Entrance, the Yase entrance: the Hokuriku road), the Kurama entrance (the Izumo road entrance), the Awata entrance (the Higashi-sanjo entrance: the Tokai road), the Fushimi entrance (the Uji entrance, the Kohata entrance: the Nankai road), the Toba entrance (the Saikai road), the Tanba entrance (the Nishi-shichijo entrance, the Shichijo entrance: the Sanin road) and the Nagasaka entrance (the Tanba road); however, this theory came about after the Edo Period and when such checkpoints had been abolished, so there are doubts surrounding whether these are historical facts.
- 大日本帝国陸軍参謀であった石原莞爾は、「人類が心から現人神(あらひとがみ)の信仰に悟入したところに、王道文明は初めてその真価を発揮する。最終戦争即ち王道・覇道の決勝戦は結局、天皇を信仰するものと然らざるものの決勝戦であり、具体的には天皇が世界の天皇とならせられるか、西洋の大統領が世界の指導者となるかを決定するところの、人類歴史の中で空前絶後の大事件である。」と主張した。
- The general officer of the Imperial Japanese Army, Kanji ISHIWARA said 'Where all the human beings believe in the Arahitogami, the civilization of the rule of Right shows its real value for the first time. The last war, the final match between the rule of right and the rule of might is in fact a match between people who believe in the Emperor and people who don't. So the war is to decide if the Emperor becomes the Emperor of the world or the Western President becomes the leader of the world. This is the biggest event of all time in our history.'
- 16世紀第4四半期の時点で、安東氏上国家・湊家が秋田郡、南部氏三戸南部氏(盛岡南部氏)が糠部郡、奥州探題大崎氏が大崎地方、葛西氏が登米郡、羽州探題最上氏が最上地方・村山地方、伊達氏が信夫郡・伊達郡・置賜地方・刈田郡・柴田郡・宮城郡を、蘆名氏が会津・耶麻郡・大沼郡・河沼郡・蒲原郡・安積郡・岩瀬郡、二本松氏(畠山氏)が安達郡、田村氏が田村郡、陸奥石川氏・白河結城氏が白河郡、相馬氏が行方郡 (磐城国)・宇多郡・標葉郡、岩城氏が楢葉郡・岩城郡・磐前郡・菊田郡・多賀郡において安堵を実行した発給文書が残っている。
- There remain issued documents for approval of a landowner as of the forth quarter of the sixth century, Akita-gun for the Ando clan (Uekuni family and Minato family), Nukanobu region for the Nanbu clan (Sannohe Nanbu clan (or, Morioka Nanbu clan)), Osaki region of the Osaki clan which was Oshu Tandai, Tome-gun for the Kasai clan, Mogami and Murayama regions for the Mogami clan which was Ushu Tandai, Shinobu-gun, Date-gun, Okitama region, Katta-gun, Shibata-gun, and Miyagi-gun for the Date clan, Aizu Yama-gun, Onuma-gun, Kawanuma-gun, Kanbara-gun, Asaka-gun, and Iwase-gun for the Ashina clan, Adachi-gun for the Nihonmatsu clan (Hatakeyama clan), Tamura-gun for the Tamura clan, Shirakawa-gun for the Mutsu Ishikawa clan and Shirakawa Yuki clan, Namegata-gun (Iwaki Province), Uda-gun and Shineha-gun for the Soma clan, and Naraha-gun, Iwaki-gun, Iwasaki-gun, Kikuta-gun and Taga-gun for the Iwaki clan.