闘: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 戦闘
- battle
- fight
- combat
- warfare
- hostilities
- The Battle
- fighting
- Battles
- 春闘
- spring offensive (Japanese unions)
- spring labor offensive
- annual spring round of labor offensive
- Shuntō
- 死闘
- life or death struggle
- mortal combat
- struggle to the death
- 格闘
- hand-to-hand fighting
- grappling
- scuffling
- 共闘
- joint struggle
- common (united) front
- 暗闘
- secret feud
- pantomime (in kabuki)
- Danmari (a term for kabuki)
- 苦闘
- agonizing
- struggle
- a bitter struggle
- 拳闘
- prizefighting
- boxing
- pugilism
- 健闘
- fighting bravely
- strenuous efforts
- good luck!
- good fight
- 乱闘
- fray
- fighting
- brawling
- scuffle
- affray
- dogfight
- donnybrook
- free-for-all
- melee
- meleee
- 奮闘
- hard struggle
- strenuous effort
- physical effort
- push
- 闘諍
- fight
- struggle
- conflict
- 挌闘
- hand-to-hand fighting
- grappling
- scuffling
- 闘牛
- bullfighting
- corrida
- Tōgyū
- 闘う
- to fight
- to battle
- to combat
- to struggle against
- to wage war
- to engage in contest
- 闘い
- battle
- fight
- struggle
- conflict
- 闘鶏
- cockfight
- fighting cock
- 闘病
- fighting against an illness
- 闘争
- strife
- conflict
- struggle
- fighting
- warfare
- 闘茶
- tea-tasting contest
- Tocha (a tea competition)
- 闘犬
- dogfighting
- a fighting dog
- Dog fighting
- 闘士
- fighter (for)
- militant
- champion (of)
- boxer
- 闘志
- fighting spirit
- Toushi
- 闘牙進
- Touki Susumu (h) (1974.7.4-)
- 戦闘艦
- combat ship
- combat vessel
- 戦闘機
- fighter (aircraft)
- pursuit plane
- Fighter aircraft
- 戦闘服
- uniform
- Battle Dress Uniform
- 戦闘帽
- field cap (used by Japanese troops in WW II)
- 格闘技
- martial arts which involve fighting without weapons
- combat sport
- one-on-one fighting sport
- Combat sports
- 格闘家
- martial artist
- fighter
- 敢闘賞
- Fighting Spirit Prize
- 決闘者
- duellist
- duelist
- dueller
- dueler
- 網闘士
- retiarius (type of gladiator)
- net fighter
- 挌闘技
- martial arts which involve fighting without weapons
- combat sport
- one-on-one fighting sport
- 全共闘
- All-Campus Joint Struggle League
- student group active at universities throughout Japan between 1968 and 1969
- 闘わす
- to compete
- to vie
- to contend
- to make fight against another (person, animal)
- to pit against
- to set against
- to debate
- to argue
- 闘牛士
- matador
- bullfighter
- toreador
- Torero
- 闘牛場
- a bullring
- Tougyuujou
- 闘争心
- belligerence
- fighting spirit
- 闘構え
- kanji 'fighting' radical
- わが闘争
- Mein Kampf (by Adolf Hitler, 1925-1926)
- 戦闘経過
- The process of war
- The progress of battle
- 闘鶏国造
- Tsuge no Kuni no Miyatsuko
- 奮闘する
- battle
- stroke
- struggle
- exert oneself
- 春闘相場
- average of raise in the annual spring wage talks
- 職場闘争
- labor unrest
- labour unrest
- 条件闘争
- negotiation of conditions
- 戦闘ロボ
- battle robot
- war robot
- 順法闘争
- labor slowdown
- labour slowdown
- work-to-rule
- 三角闘争
- three-cornered fight
- 善戦苦闘
- putting up a good fight against some odds
- 格闘技会
- martial arts competition
- combat sports competition
- 悪戦苦闘
- hard fighting
- hard struggle
- fighting against heavy odds
- 我が闘争
- Mein Kampf (by Adolf Hitler, 1925-1926)
- 法廷闘争
- carrying conflicts into the courts
- 文化闘争
- Kulturkampf (1872-1887)
- 奮闘努力
- try one's best
- all-out effort
- strenuous efforts
- 力戦奮闘
- fighting with all one's might
- fighting up against
- making strenuous efforts
- 非戦闘員
- non-combatant
- civilian
- 闘病生活
- fighting against an illness
- fighting illness
- 闘い構え
- kanji 'fighting' radical
- 闘志満々
- brimming with fighting spirit
- being strong in the will to fight
- burning with combativeness
- 闘志満満
- brimming with fighting spirit
- being strong in the will to fight
- burning with combativeness
- 次期戦闘機
- fighter experimental
- 歩兵戦闘車
- infantry fighting vehicle
- Infantry fighting vehicles
- 困難と闘う
- to contend with difficulties
- 戦闘爆撃機
- fighter bomber
- Fighter-bomber
- 格闘ゲーム
- beat'-em-up game
- fighting game
- 拳闘家痴呆
- dementia pugilistica
- boxer's dementia
- punch-drunk syndrome
- 要撃戦闘機
- fighter interceptor
- 貴闘力忠茂
- Takatouriki Tadashige (1967.9-)
- 貴闘力忠成
- Takatouriki Tadashige (h) (1967.9.28-)
- 病との闘い
- Battles with diseases
- 軍隊格闘技
- Military combat sport
- 小雑賀の戦闘
- The battle at Kozaika
- 戦闘後の経緯
- Progress after the battle
- 主家との暗闘
- The tacit fight against the master
- 闘将ダイモス
- Tosho Daimos
- Tōshō Daimos
- 奮闘努力する
- strenuous
- struggle
- 重量拳闘選手
- heavy weight boxer
- 戦闘支援計画
- combat support plan
- 全学共闘会議
- All-Campus Joint Struggle League
- student group active at universities throughout Japan between 1968 and 1969
- 歩兵戦闘車両
- infantry fighting vehicle
- 自由闘志結社
- Society of Free Officers
- 闘志を燃やす
- to burn with combativeness
- 平氏一族の私闘
- The TAIRA clan conflict.
- 武力闘争に発展
- Developing to the military fight
- 次期支援戦闘機
- fighter support experimental
- 格闘美神 武龍
- Fighting Beauty Wulong
- 闘将!!拉麺男
- Tatakae!! Rahmen Man
- 戦闘電子戦情報
- combat electronic warfare intelligence
- 戦闘陣地の前縁
- forward edge of the battle area
- 零式艦上戦闘機
- A6M Zero fighter
- Mitsubishi A6M Zero
- 高田馬場の決闘
- The duel at Takadanobaba; and
- 鍵屋の辻の決闘
- The duel at Kagiya no Tsuji;
- 空中機動戦闘計器
- air combat maneuvering instrumentation
- 孤軍奮闘(する)
- fight a lonely battle
- 闘魔鬼神伝ONI
- Touma Kijinden ONI
- 闘士ゴーディアン
- Toshi Gordian
- Gordian Warrior
- 海軍戦闘兵器学校
- Naval Fighter Weapons School
- 戦闘は終結する。
- The conflict was over.
- 骨法 (格闘技)
- Koppo (a martial art with bare hands) (kakutogi)
- 決闘! 高田馬場
- Ketto! Takadanobaba
- 「地黄八幡」の闘将
- Worrier of 'Jio-Hachiman' (God of worriers with yellow flags)
- 安保詠・学園闘争詠
- Anpo-ei and Gakuentoso-ei
- 戦闘中の行方不明者
- missing in action
- 戦闘神になった背景
- Background of becoming the fighting deity
- 臨兵闘者皆陣裂在前
- nine cuts mudra (mudra: hand posture which forms a part of Hindu prayer)
- exorcism-purification spell
- 一、私ノ闘争ヲ不許
- One shall not be allowed to engage in a private battle.
- 機動武闘伝Gガンダム
- Mobile Fighter G Gundam
- 爆闘宣言ダイガンダー
- Bakuto Sengen Daigunder
- 戦闘メカ ザブングル
- Sentou Mecha Xabungle
- Combat Mecha Xabungle
- 炎の闘球児 ドッジ弾平
- Hono no Tokyoji Dodge Danpei
- Honō no Dōkyūji: Dodge Danpei
- 戦闘隊形は陣立ともいう。
- Battle array is also called jindate.
- 戦闘ノイローゼにかかった
- shell-shocked
- 手裏剣使用による格闘技術
- Combat techniques using shuriken
- 闘茶の方法には複数ある。
- There are several ways to hold a tocha.
- その後の観音寺城の戦闘年表
- Combat Timeline of Kannonji-jo Castle after the War
- 宮本武蔵:『布袋見闘鶏図』
- Musashi MIYAMOTO: 'Hotei Ken Tokei-zu' (Hotei Watching a Cockfight)
- 格闘料理伝説ビストロレシピ
- Fighting Foodons
- 戦闘が始まった模様である。
- A war seemed to have started.
- 幕兵との戦闘も行われている。
- They also fought with the bakufu forces.
- 激闘!クラッシュギアTURBO
- Gekito! Crush Gear Turbo
- 帝釈天とよく戦闘した神である。
- Ashura often battled with Taishakuten.
- 訳:大名は私闘をしてはならない。
- Translation: Daimyo must not have a private disputes.
- 源平合戦での戦闘(屋島・壇ノ浦)
- Battle in the Genpei War (Yashima and Dannoura)
- 同年9月まで戦闘経緯は不明である。
- After that, details of progress of the war are not known until October.
- これ以後伊賀方面で戦闘はなかった。
- After that, there was no battle in Iga area.
- 闘鶏や猿楽、松はやしなどを好んだ。
- He enjoyed cockfighting, Sarugaku (comical mimicry and speech performance during the Heian period) and Matsu Hayashi (a festival held at a temple or shrine, where people prayed for good luck and put a pine tree up).
- しかし、戦闘がなかったわけではない。
- However, this does not mean there was no battle.
- 第1回帝国議会に向け議会闘争に入る。
- They started the political campaign for the first Imperial Diet.
- 幕末の戦闘ほど世に悲しい出来事はない
- There is nothing more tragic than the battles at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate
- 6月3日 (旧暦) 大坂の力士と乱闘
- June 3rd, scuffled with sumo wrestlers of Osaka.
- 戦闘には参加しないが名誉な職である。
- They did not participate in the battle, but this was an honorary job.
- これは戦闘隊形においても同様である。
- The same can be said about the battle array.
- 実際の戦闘はパイク兵が主体であった。
- Mainly pike soldiers fought in actual fighting.
- 闘牌伝説アカギ ~闇に舞い降りた天才~
- Akagi
- 前四勾陣土神 家在辰 主戦闘諍訟 凶将
- 前四勾陣土神 家在辰 主戦闘諍訟 凶将
- 会津・桑名藩の応援は戦闘後に到着した。
- Aizu and Kuwana clans arrived there to support them after the battle.
- 鎌倉の別荘で長期の闘病後、64歳で死去。
- After the long battle against disease at her summer cottage in Kamakura, she died at the age of sixty-four.
- 闘鶏御田 ...... 猪名部御田とも。
- Tsuge no Mita: He was also called Inabe no Mita.
- 保元の乱では一方の大将として義朝と共闘。
- Cooperating with Yoshitomo, he fought as a warlord in the Hogen Rebellion.
- 総合空手(格闘空手、バーリトゥード空手)
- Sogo karate (kakuto karate, baritudo karate)
- 暗闘(だんまり)は、歌舞伎の演出の一つ。
- Danmari (暗闘) is a piece of choreography in Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors).
- 安保闘争後、前衛短歌が行き詰まりを見せた。
- About the time when the conflict subsided, the avant-garde tanka poetry came to a dead end.
- これ以後の戦闘で、高市皇子の名は見えない。
- In the battles after this operation, the name of Prince Takechi was not found in any historical materials.
- 会所では主に闘茶と、時には茶礼が催された。
- Mainly Tocha and occasionally Sarei was performed in Kaisho.
- だが、いかんせん孤軍奮闘の感を禁じ得ない。
- Yet he was, after all, fighting a lonely battle.
- その選手は総合格闘技の試合で当身技も使う。
- Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu players use atemi-waza in the match of Mixed Martial Arts.
- 第二次世界大戦中、第442連隊戦闘団に所属。
- He was a member of the 442nd Regiment during World War II.
- 中世の日本では、主に戦闘員である武士がいた。
- Samurai were professional warriors in medieval Japan.
- 近藤隊は数名で斬り込み、真夜中の戦闘となる。
- A few members of the KONDO squad attacked them and got into a battle in the middle of the night.
- もっとも、忍者は直接戦闘することを極力避けた。
- Actually, Ninja minimized chances of direct fighting.
- ここに有岡城の戦いの戦闘は終結することになる。
- With this, the battles of the War of Arioka-jo Castle ended.
- 戦闘は川を隔てて矢を飛ばしあう射撃戦となった。
- The battle became a shooting fight with bow and arrows across the river.
- 戦闘法は逆の手に盾を持って使用したとみられる。
- It seems that hoko was used together with a shield which was held with the other hand during the battle.
- 平安時代の戦闘は一騎駆けの騎馬戦が主であった。
- During the battles in the Heian Period, one general mounted on horseback leading the troops was the main style.
- 悪戦苦闘の末、ようやくすべての作業が終了した。
- After a hard struggle, all of the work has finally been finished.
- 闘茶も茶道の一部として編入されることとなった。
- Tocha, which came to be regarded as part of Japanese tea ceremony, became incorporated into it.
- 親分の仇を討つため町奴は白柄組と大乱闘となる。
- A free-for-all develops between machi-yakko and Shiratsuka-gumi, because machi-yakko frantically try to take revenge for their boss.
- このように両軍総帥の督戦する中で戦闘は行われた。
- In this way, the battle was fought, while the top commanders of both sides were urging their soldiers to fight more vigorously.
- 脱亜論までの宮廷権力闘争と事大主義外交の歴史背景
- Historical Background of Strife over Authority at the Imperial Court and Sadaejuui (Loving and admiring the great and powerful) Diplomacy in Korea before the 'Datsu-A Ron'
- 両軍末院の野に戦い奮闘数合にして勝敗未だ決せず。
- The two sides clashed several times in the fields of Matsuin, but there was no decisive winner.
- 闘鶏大山主 ...... 古墳時代の伝説上の人。
- Tsuge no Oyamanushi: He was a legendary person in the Kofun period (tumulus period).
- ―60年安保闘争・70年前後の学園紛争を詠んだ歌
- Poems composed on the conflict over the Japan-US Security Treaty in 1960 and the campus disturbances around 1970.
- 御霊合戦は畠山の私闘、宗全のクーデターに終わる。
- Goryo Gassen ended up as an internal strife of the Hatakeyama family and a coup-d'etat by Sozen.
- 中央政界の権力闘争を契機として広がった戦国時代。
- The Sengoku Period (the period of civil war) started by the power struggle among daimyos in the central political world.
- 投剣、手離剣、削闘剣、流星、花ち弁ともいわれる。
- They are also known as token (throwing swords), shuriken (手離剣, or throwing blades), small throwing blades, shooting stars, and small throwing blades.
- 同年2月には最前線での戦闘に二度に渡って参戦した。
- In February of the same year, he participated in two battles at the front.
- 鉄砲が戦闘形式を一変させ、天下統一への道を開いた。
- Firearms drastically changed the form of battle, and opened the road to the unification of the whole country.
- 残存兵力はその後の抗日義兵闘争に加わったともされる。
- It is said the remaining soldiers participated in the later anti-Japanese gihei wars.
- 図2は一般的な備(戦闘前)を模式図化したものである。
- Figure 2 shows the pattern diagram of a general sonae (before battle).
- 川中島の戦いの主な戦闘は、計5回、12年余りに及ぶ。
- The Battle of Kawanakajima included five major battles, covering slightly more than twelve years in total.
- 江戸時代までの武士階級は戦闘に参加する義務を負った。
- The samurai class was obliged to participate in battle until the Edo period.
- その後、入り乱れるが、燈火を消し、暗闇での戦闘となる。
- Following this, they fell in confusion but someone turned the lamp off and they fought in the dark.
- この時の戦闘では塹壕に拠る抜刀白兵戦が繰り広げられた。
- The fights this time were hand-to-hand ones with swords based in trenches.
- 以後義和団は清朝をも敵にまわし戦闘せざるを得なくなる。
- From then on, the Boxers had to fight even the Qing Dynasty as an enemy.
- 戦闘は2月12日夜中、川を挟んだ矢の応酬から始まった。
- The battle started at midnight on March 14 with the exchange of arrows across the river.
- 地井武男 『新撰組 池田屋の血闘』1992年、東京放送
- Acted by Takeo CHII 'Shinsen-gumi Ikedaya no Ketto' Year 1992, Tokyo Broadcasting System.
- 地元資本のスーパーでは、スーパーイワキが健闘している。
- A local supermarket, Super Iwaki, is still surviving.
- 手裏剣を隠し武器、格闘用の小武器に使用する技術がある。
- According to one technique, shuriken are used as camouflaged weapons or smaller weapons for combat.
- 一転して派手な激闘となる後段との対比が楽しい能である。
- It is an enjoyable Noh piece, with the contrast with the latter part that features a showy, fierce fight scene.
- ここは暗闘で演じられ、道玄の滑稽な逃げ方が笑いを誘う。
- This scene is performed in the dark, and the ridiculous manner of Dogen's running makes the audience laugh.
- 幕府方も連続した戦闘に疲弊したため、追撃を行わなかった。
- The bakufu side, also exhausted with a series of battles, did not chase them.
- また、清軍との間に王宮で戦闘が続き、双方に死者を出した。
- Additionally, a conflict with the Quing continued in the palace, leading to deaths on both sides.
- 戦闘時は土佐国浪士・大秋鼎を斬殺し、褒賞金を賜っている。
- In the fight he killed Kanae OAKI, a Roshi from the Tosa Domain, and received reward money for it.
- 義朝軍を相手に奮闘する様が『保元物語』に活写されている。
- The manner in which he struggled against the army of Yoshitomo is described vividly in the 'Hogen Monogatari' (The Tale of the Hogen War).
- 乱戦や狭い空間での闘いでは長柄武器に対して有利だったこと
- In a tumble fight or a fight in a small area, it has an advantage against long handle weapons.
- 日本では、史学界で階級闘争史観が支配的だった時代がある。
- In scientific field of Japanese historical research, a view based on the history of class struggle was once predominant.
- 最初の闘茶も本茶と非茶を飲み分ける遊びとして始められた。
- The first tocha was held as a game to differentiate between honcha and hicha.
- なお、日本では組み合う格闘技的な競技を総じて相撲と呼ぶ。
- In Japan, 'sumo' is also used as a generic term which refers to fighting sports in which two players come to grips with each other.
- これに対し、官軍は阜上からこれを砲撃し、戦闘が開始された。
- For this, the government army bombarded them from a hill, starting a battle.
- この方面の戦闘は激戦で西鄉小兵衛以下、薩軍諸将が戦死した。
- The battle in this area was so fierce that a lot of commanders of the Satsuma army including Kohei SAIGO were killed in the battlefield.
- 同じ日の夕刻、防衛線の中核たる積善寺城でも戦闘が始まった。
- In the evening of the same day, a battle also began at the Shakuzenji-jo Castle which was the core of the defense line.
- 合戦に際して行軍隊形から敵との戦闘に備え、各隊を配置する。
- Each squad was positioned in the marching formation in preparation for a battle against the enemy.
- 然し、この戦闘に於いて頭部に重傷を負い再び内地後送される。
- However, in this battle, he was seriously injured on the head and sent back to Japan again.
- 豊後口警視徴募隊に抜刀隊として参加し、同年5月に戦闘参加。
- He joined the Bungoguchi Keishi Chobotai (Bungoguchi Enlisted Commissary Troops) as a member of the 'Army Cutting with a Gouge,' and in May of the same year he took part in a battle.
- 備の隊列順は概ね戦闘隊形(陣立)に組みやすい順で組まれる。
- Sonae's squad line up was arranged in the order that was convenient for organizing into most battle arrays (jindate (battle arrays)).
- 対馬の糠岳(ぬかだけ)で戦闘が行われた事から糠岳戦争とも。
- Because the major battle was fought at Nukadake on Tsushima, it is also referred to as the Nukadake War.
- 戦闘は平地戦で、徳川軍は朝倉軍と、織田軍は浅井軍と対峙した。
- The battle took place in level ground where Tokugawa troops faced Asakura while Oda faced Azai.
- この戦いは大きな戦闘は無かったのではないか、という説もある。
- According to other accounts, this battle may not have developed into a great battle.
- 若年だったため戦闘(会津戦争など)には参加しなかったと言う。
- It is said that he was too young to join in combats (such as the Aizu War).
- 頼朝死後に続く幕府内部における権力闘争の最初の事件であった。
- This was the first incident caused by a power struggle started inside the shogunate following the death of Yoritomo.
- 一部は部隊規模で脱走し、戊辰戦争では各地で戦闘を繰り広げた。
- Some troops escaped, and in various places, they joined the battles in Boshin War.
- この戦闘には歩兵隊や伝習隊など多数が動員されたが、敗北した。
- A lot of soldiers from infantry and Denshutai joined these battles, but they were defeated.
- 浪士たちが遊郭へ登ると力士の仲間たちが駆けつけ乱闘となった。
- After the ronin entered the red-light district, friends of the sumo wrestler came to exact revenge, and a fight broke out.
- 髭黒太政大臣亡き後の北の方玉鬘 (源氏物語)の奮闘記を描く。
- It describes a struggle of Tamakazura, Kita no kata (the woman living in the north of the house; wife) of Higekuro Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state), after his death.
- インドにおいては財宝神とされ、戦闘的イメージは殆ど無かった。
- In India, it was considered as a treasure god and was hardly depicted as a warrior.
- 戦闘拠点であるとともに、食品や武器や資金の集積場所でもある。
- It was not only a bastion, but also a storage location for foods, weapons and funds.
- 『建武式目』にも茶寄合(闘茶)禁止令が出されている程である。
- The criticism was so fierce that Cha-yoriai (Tocha) Kinshi-rei (Ban on Cha-yoriai (Tocha)) was imposed by the 'Kenmu Code.'
- 清心も鬼薊清吉と名乗る盗賊に墜ちていた(暗闘で演じられる)。
- Seishin has also turned into a robber called Seikichi ONIAZAMI (this scene is performed in a dark setting).
- 有名な使用者は、廣瀬陽太(オリンポス16闘神)のほら貝奏者。
- Horagai (conch shell) player Yota HIROSE of Olympos 16 Toshin is among well-known horagai users.
- しかし、これ以外は具体的な戦闘推移は何も分らなくなるのである。
- However, except for these elements, we would not understand the practical transitions in the combat progression.
- 延岡隊は京塚を守って健闘したが、弾薬が尽きたので後線に退いた。
- The Nobeoka-tai troop fought bravely, keeping Kyozuka, but retreated to the rearguard because they run out of ammunition.
- 古代では戦闘目的の為に組織された集団を「軍(いくさ)」と呼ぶ。
- The group formed for the battle was called as 'ikusa' (written as 軍, current word for army) during ancient times.
- この日の戦闘で日本軍の戦死黒田兵29人、明軍の戦死200餘人。
- The dead in this day's battle numbered 29 soldiers in the Kuroda troops for the Japanese army and about 200 soldiers for the Ming army.
- 仏教受容問題に権力闘争が重なり、蘇我氏と物部氏は激しく争った。
- Started with the disagreement on Buddhism, a confrontation between Umako and Okoshi, coupled with a power struggle, became increasingly fierce.
- 9月27日に庄内の鶴岡城を接収してこの方面の戦闘を終わらせた。
- He took Tsuruoka-jo Castle in Shonai on September 27, and ended the battle in this area.
- 遂には十津川郷士たちも離反し、天誅組は実質的な戦闘力を失った。
- Finally, samurai from Totsugawa area in Nara defected from Tenchu-gumi, and Tenchu-gumi lost the substantial fighting capability.
- 6日に行なわれた戦闘では知盛らによって近江源氏が打ち破られた。
- Tomomori and others defeated Omi-Genji in the battle that took place on 6th.
- 因みに一般的イメージの小姓とは異なり、純然たる戦闘部隊である。
- Incidentally, the kosyogumi was different from kosho (pageboy) in the general conception and was purely a combat troop.
- このため、唐代の祖師たちは苦闘を重ねながら悟ってきたのである。
- For this reason, masters in the Tang dynasty struggled to enlightenment through much hardship.
- したがって、乗馬戦闘のための鎧で徒歩戦には向かない構造である。
- It is armor for battles on horseback and the structure is not suitable for walking troops.
- 屋内に踏み込んだ沖田は奮戦したが、戦闘中に倒れて戦線離脱する。
- OKITA went inside the building and fought hard, but collapsed during the battle and withdrew from it.
- 茶についても闘茶から村田珠光流の茶の湯へと流行が移っていった。
- The tocha shifted to cha no yu (tea ceremony) of the Juko MURATA school concerning tea.
- これも弓兵集団と騎士団の戦闘で騎士団が全滅した戦いの例である。
- As an example this shows that the entire groups of cavalry were devastated in the battle between spearman groups and cavalry.
- 執権北条高時は酒色と闘犬や田楽に興じ堕落した日々を送っている。
- The regent Yasutoki HOJO spent degenerate days, drinking sake, enjoying dogfight, dengaku (ritual music and dancing in shrines and temples).
- 騙された弥十郎は一人で多くの敵を相手に壮絶な乱闘を繰り広げる。
- Yajuro, having been tricked, fights alone a fierce battle against many enemies.
- 元禄赤穂事件と鍵屋の辻の決闘に並ぶ、日本三大仇討ちの一つである。
- This was one of three major incidents of revenge in Japan along with the Genroku Ako Incident and duel at Kagiya no Tsuji (the Key-Maker's Corner).
- 薩軍の配置は戦闘によって大幅に入れ替わりがあるので確定しがたい。
- The formation of the Satsuma army can not be defined definitely, because it was drastically changed depending on the battle.
- 農村民運動 国家と非合法的実力闘争を展開した北ドイツの農民運動。
- Peasants and Villagers' Movements: peasants' movements in northern Germany that built up illegal campaigns against the state using force.
- また、戸婚律や闘訟律の逸文なども引用されている点でも重要である。
- It is also important because rare contents such as Kokonritsu (law related to registrations like census, marriage etc.) and Toshoritsu (law related to assault and malicious prosecution) were quoted in it.
- 驕兵は戦闘のときにも十分な恩賞が約束されねば戦おうとしなかった。
- Kyohei did not even fight in a battle if they were not adequately compensated.
- しかし政季もまた南部氏と対立し戦闘に敗れて蝦夷島に撤退している。
- However, Masasue, who came to oppose the Nanbu clan, lost in the battle and withdrew to Ezogashima.
- それに反発した郡司・百姓層が階級闘争として国司苛政上訴を行った。
- Gunji and farmers who were opposed to Zuryo appealed Kokushi kasei joso as a class struggle.
- 柔術が組み技、組み討ち技が主な武術・格闘技と考えている人も多い。
- Many people also think jujutsu is the martial arts (a combat sport) whose main techniques are kumi-waza, or kumiuchi-waza.
- この戦いを境に戦国時代 (日本)より続いた大規模な戦闘が終焉した。
- With this battle as the last one, large-scale battles which had continued since the Sengoku period(Japan) came to an end.
- 頼徳勢は善戦するが、補給と戦闘の終息を考慮し再び那珂湊へ後退する。
- Yorinori and his force fought well but again retreated to Nakaminato considering the recruital and end of the battle.
- 屯田兵は明治10年(1877年)に西南戦争に参加して戦闘を重ねた。
- Since the participation in the Seinan War in 1818, tondenhei had fought a series of battles.
- 深谷上杉家の上杉憲盛は武蔵国にとどまって北条氏との戦闘を継続した。
- Norimori UESUGI of the Fukaya-Uesugi family remained in Musashi Province and continued to fight against the Hojo clan.
- 山岳信仰以外には、歴史的な戦闘が行われた戦場の跡などの場所がある。
- In addition to places connected to mountain worship, reijo also include sites where historical battles were fought.
- 現在では世界中で有効な武道、格闘技、スポーツとして親しまれている。
- Today, karate is loved as a martial art, combat sport and sport with worldwide popularity.
- 弁慶が包囲陣に討ちかかり戦闘となったため義経一行は館から脱出する。
- Benkei attacks the surrounding enemies and a battle started, and Yoshitsune and his party ran away from the residence.
- 戦闘は激しいものとなり、夕方、官軍は民家に火を放ち、二川に退却した。
- The battle became fierce, and in the evening, the government army retreated after setting fire to private houses.
- 増援を得た薩軍と官軍の戦闘は24、25日と続き、戦況は一進一退した。
- The battle between the reinforced Satsuma army and the government army continued through 24th and 25th without being decided.
- 小倉市方面の戦闘指揮では、まず軍艦で門司・田ノ浦の沿岸を砲撃させた。
- In the area of Kokura City, he began the attack by commanding his warships to fire cannons at the coast of Moji and Tanoura.
- しかし、この戦闘に於いて西久保少佐は敵弾が咽喉動脈を貫通し即死する。
- However, in this battle, the enemy's bullet penetrated the throat artery of Major Nishikubo and he died instantly.
- 「御旗を渡して激闘の末逃げ延びた事にすれば芋瀬庄司の立場も守れる。」
- If we pretend that we relinquished the Imperial standard and escaped safely after a fierce fight, we can save Shoji IMOSE's face as well.'
- この決闘での安兵衛の活躍が「18人斬り」として江戸で評判になりった。
- Yasubei's performance in the duel became the talk of the town of Edo as 'Juhachi-nin giri' (cutting down of 18 men with a sword).
- 結局この脱出行で戦闘はおきず、その後の大国の活動について記録はない。
- No fight actually broke out during this escape and no records were kept of Okuni's later actions.
- その行為に怒った力士の仲間が駆けつけ乱闘となり力士側に死傷者が出た。
- Comrades of the sumo wrestlers angered by this act rushed to the scene which resulted in a scuffle; some of the sumo wrestlers died or were injured.
- まともな戦闘能力を失った大内義長は内藤隆世の守る長門国且山城に逃亡。
- Yoshinaga OUCHI, who had lost decent fighting capability, fled into Katsuyama-jo Castle in Nagato Province which was protected by Takayo NAITO.
- 装填したあと火蓋を縛っておいたこよりを戦闘の際に切る動作に由来する。
- That, when shooting, you cut the spill tied to the pan cover after loading.
- 翌年にかけて日本軍は反日義勇軍1万4千人との1774回の戦闘を行った。
- The Japanese army fought against 14,000 people of the Anti-Japan voluntary army for 1774 times until the following year.
- このころ、薩軍は田原方面での戦闘の激化に伴って兵力が不足してきていた。
- Around this time, the military force of the Satsuma army became insufficient due to the battle intensified in the Tabaru area.
- 一方日本の右軍は稷山での戦闘の後、京畿道に入り安城・竹山まで進撃した。
- On the other hand, after the battle of Shokusan, the right army of Japan entered the Gyeonggi-do and invaded Anseong and Chuksan.
- 箱館戦争中も非戦闘員として扱われ、通訳の田島応親よりフランス語を学ぶ。
- During the Hakodate War, he was treated as a noncombatant and learned French from an interpreter, Masachika TAJIMA.
- 慶応2年(1866年)、幕府は長州征討を号令、6月に戦闘が開始される。
- In 1866 the Shogunate ordered a second punitive expedition to Choshu, with operations starting in July.
- 大乗戒壇は権力闘争の原因ともなり、天台宗の山門寺門の争いは有名である。
- The Daijo kaidan also caused power struggles, among which one between Sanmon (referring to Enryaku-ji Temple) and Jimon (referring to Onjo-ji Temple) of the Tendai Sect is well-known.
- 例えば、当時流行していた連歌・闘茶の類で、会所の主室がその会場だった。
- For an example, the master guest room of the kaisho was a hall to perform things such as renga and tocha popular at that time.
- このように、俘囚の戦闘技術は揺籃期の武士へと継承されていったのである。
- In this way, the Fushu's skills in battle were handed down to samurai, who at that time were in the early developmental stage.
- 発生期の武士の戦闘補助を行った従卒と同一の階層とみなされたわけである。
- They were regarded as those who were the same class as the jusotsu who helped the bushi in the early times in battle.
- 闘茶(とうちゃ)とは、中世に流行した茶の味を飲み分けて勝負を競う遊び。
- The term 'Tocha' refers to a tea competition where participants taste different kinds of tea to compete in discerning them, which was popular in the medieval period.
- 本作では、戦闘中に突如現れた厩戸の姿に昏倒し、心臓発作を起こして死ぬ。
- In this story, he fell unconscious when he saw Prince Umayado appear suddenly during the battle and he died of a heart attack.
- 芸州口では、長州藩と岩国藩が幕府歩兵隊や紀州藩兵などとの戦闘が行われる。
- The Choshu clan and the Iwakuni clan fought against the bakufu's infantry and the Kishu clan army in Geishu-guchi.
- 8月2日に高鍋を突破され敗退した薩軍は、美々津に集結し戦闘態勢を整えた。
- After having been broken through and seized Takanabe on August 2, the Satsuma army was concentrated in Mimitsu and made preparations for fights.
- 『高麗史』によると、やがて日暮となり戦闘を解し、日本軍は大宰府に帰った。
- According to 'Koraishi,' it soon became dark and the battle ended, and the Japanese army returned to Dazai-fu.
- 家老・一族と藩主との権力闘争は軋轢を生み、多くの御家騒動を引き起こした。
- The strife over authority between the Karo (chief retainer) or the lord's own family and the lord of the domain led to conflicts and caused many family troubles.
- 結果として冬季の戦闘で多くの将兵が凍傷にかかり、相当な戦力低下を招いた。
- Consequently, many solders suffered from frostbite during battles in winter, significantly reducing military power.
- 「たかだか小さな戦闘において敗れただけであり、ロシアは負けてはいない。」
- 'Russia only lost in some minor battles but as a whole has not been defeated.'
- 対英条約改正交渉を行い駐英公使として領事裁判権撤廃の条約改正に奮闘した。
- He made strenuous efforts to negotiate on the revision of the treaty with the Britain to abolish the counselor jurisdiction.
- 大政奉還により幕府が消滅した後も所属部隊の多くが戊辰戦争で戦闘を続けた。
- Many troops of bakufu rikugun continued battles in Boshin War even after the bakufu was overthrown in Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor).
- 庄内藩は4月24日、清川口から侵攻してきた新政府軍と戦闘に突入していた。
- The Shonai Domain had been engaged in a battle since May 16 with the new government's forces advancing from Kiyokawaguchi.
- 『古事記』のこの戦闘場面に武内宿禰は登場せず、全て武振熊の功績とする)。
- (In the 'Kojiki,' there was no description about Takenouchi no Sukune in the scene of the battle and all the achievements were credited to Takefuru Kuma.)
- 郎党と同様、武士に従いながら戦闘に参加したのが「家の子」(子弟)である。
- Like roto, 'ienoko' (followers) followed samurai and participated in battles.
- 北九州の覇権をかけた合戦であると同時に、大友・大内間の最大の戦闘となった。
- It was a battle for hegemony over northern Kyushu and the biggest battle between OTOMO and OUCHI.
- しかしこの決闘は後世の伝説で、当時、五条の大橋はまだなかったとされている。
- Their duel is a story that was created in later years, and in those days, there was no bridge known as Gojo-Ohashi yet.
- 先手とは先陣・先鋒という意味であり、戦闘時には徳川氏の先鋒足軽隊を勤めた。
- Sakite meant van or spearhead, and served as ashigaru-tai (foot soldier units) of the spearhead of TOKUGAWA clan in battles.
- 松永長頼も700兵を指揮し奮闘したが及ばす、ほぼ全員が玉砕したようである。
- Nagayori MATSUNAGA led 700 soldiers and fought hard, but it appears that almost all of the soldiers died with honor.
- 戦闘作戦中だったため薨去は秘匿され、宮中における発喪が11月5日となった。
- Since he died during the war, his decease was concealed and it was announced on November 5 in the imperial court.
- 崇仏、排仏論争は蘇我氏が語り伝えたもので、馬子と守屋の政治権力闘争であった。
- Stories of the disputes over the worship or abolishment of Buddhism were handed down by the Soga clan, but there really existed a struggle for political power between SOGA no Umako and MONONOBE no Moriya.
- 大久保忠隣や本多正純のように幕府内部の権力闘争に敗れて改易された大名もいた。
- Furthermore, there were Daimyo such as Tadachika OKUBO and Masazumi HONDA who were subject to kaieki because they lost the power struggle inside the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- そうした武士が戦闘目的の為の集団を組織したときそれを「武士団」と呼ぶとする。
- It was called 'bushidan' when such bushi grouped together for battle.
- 弁慶は道行く人を襲い、通りかかった帯刀の武者と決闘して999本まで集めたた。
- He attacked passers-by, fought samurai with his swords and collected 999 swords.
- 画像-6:『義経一代記 五条ノ橋之図』 牛若丸と武蔵坊弁慶、五条大橋の闘い。
- Picture-6 'Yoshitsune Ichidai-Ki Gojo no Hashi no Zu': a fight between Ushiwaka-maru and Musashibo Benkei on the Gojo-ohashi Bridge.
- しかし、戦闘の最中深手を負い、その後、七月下旬(22日頃)に屯所で死亡した。
- Because he was seriously injured in the fight, however, he died at the headquarters of the Shinsengumi in late August (around 23rd).
- 闘鶏国造(つげのくにのみやつこ・つげこくぞう)は大和国北東部を支配した国造。
- Tsuge no Kuni no Miyatsuko (also called 'Tsuge Kokuzo') was a Kuni no miyatsuko (the head of a local government) who ruled the northern-east of Yamato Province.
- 激しい闘争の行われている場所、あるいはそのような場所を連想させる状況を指す。
- It refers to the place where fierce fighting is going on or the situation associated with such a place.
- また、格闘用の使用法を手裏剣の裏、打剣(相手に投擲する方法)を表と表記する。
- Additionally, the ura (back) of shuriken is for combat, while the omote (front) is used for daken (methods for toteki at the opponent).
- それでも、闘茶は歌舞伎者らによって歌舞伎茶(茶歌舞伎)として愛好され続けた。
- But tocha remained popular among kabuki mono (eccentric people who attracted public attention with their eye-catching clothes, peculiar hairstyle, and weird behavior over the Sengoku period (period of warring states) and the early Edo period) in the form of Kabuki-cha (Tea of Kabuki) (also known as Cha-kabuki (Tea Kabuki)).
- 「スポーツ」を「格闘技」に置き換えても同じようなとらえ方がそれぞれ存在する。
- Even if the 'sport' is replaced with 'kakutogi' (combat sports), there is a view that regards them as the same.
- 軍隊も戦闘中でない全将兵が休暇として帰宅させられキャンプや基地は閉鎖される。
- As to armed forces, all officers and soldiers who are not in engagement are returned home as their leave and camps and bases are closed.
- 類似の格闘技の中では、特に常に前に出て押すことを重視するところに特徴がある。
- Sumo is unique when compared to similar types of martial arts in that sumo emphasizes having a wrestler to keep pushing forward.
- その後も小倉藩と長州藩の戦闘は続くが、これで事実上、幕府軍の全面敗北に終わる。
- Although the battle between the Kokura clan and the Choshu clan continued even after that, the Choshu conquest practically ended with the total defeat of the bakufu army.
- 前九年の役から『平家物語』の時代まで、武士の戦闘は騎馬武者の弓射が中心である。
- The battles of bushi mainly consisted of mounted warrior archers from the Zenkunen War (the Early Nine Years' War) to the period of the 'Tale of Heike.'
- 実際に「川中島」で戦闘が行われたのは、第二次の犀川の戦いと第四次のみであった。
- On only two occasions, the battles were actually fought in 'Kawanakajima': One was in the Battle of the Sai-gawa River, or the second battle, and the other was in the fourth battle.
- 開拓使で黒田が育てた屯田兵は、入れ替わりに戦線に到着し、以後の戦闘で活躍した。
- The former legionaries who were trained by Kuroda arrived at the front in turn, and fought actively in the subsequent battles.
- 久安5年(1149年)、義国の郎党、京洛において乱闘し、義国が責任を問われる。
- In 1149, as Yoshikuni's roto (retainer) scuffled in Kyoto, Yoshikuni was accused of that.
- が、3月6日勝沼で東征軍と戦闘して敗れ、下総国流山(千葉県流山市)へ転戦した。
- However, the 'Koyo Chinbutai' engaged the 'expeditionary force to the east' earlier at Katsunuma, losing the battle on March 6th; then, 'Koyo Chinbutai' continued to skirmish in one place after another onward toward the Nagareyama District, Shimosa Province (Currently this location is Nagareyama City, Chiba Prefecture).
- 馬が騎馬として軍陣に利用されるにつれて、戦闘様式や武芸に技法に変化が生まれた。
- Warriors began to ride horses during battles, which brought changes to both battlefield tactics and military techniques.
- 日本の『闘訟律』は全文が残されていないため、この規定が存在したかは不明である。
- Because Japanese 'Toshoritsu' has some missing parts, it is unknown if it included this regulation.
- このため三好三人衆は松永久秀との戦闘を停止して織田信長と雌雄を決しようとした。
- Thus, the Miyoshi Sanninshu and Hisahide MATSUNAGA ceased their fights and get together against Nobunaga.
- 新政府軍は戦闘中に官軍の証である錦の御旗を掲げたため旧幕府軍の戦意が低下した。
- The former lost the will to fight because during the battle the latter raised the Imperial standard as proof of their being the Imperial forces.
- 在学中は全学自治会同学会の委員長として竹本処分闘争以降の京大学生運動を導いた。
- When he was a student, he spearheaded the student movement at Kyoto University after 'Takemoto shobun' struggle as the chairman of the national student association.
- 大相撲、プロ野球、高校野球、日本プロサッカーリーグ、格闘技(プロレス・K-1)
- Grand sumo tournament, professional baseball games, high-school baseball, Japan Professional Football League, and combative sport (professional wrestling, K-1)
- また侘び茶側でも茶の違いを知るための鍛錬の一環として闘茶を見直す動きが現れた。
- Furthermore, some followers of wabicha began to discover new merits of tocha, which was regarded by them as part of training to tell the difference of tea.
- (安保闘争などで、過激派が、火炎瓶、投擲爆弾、発煙筒などでも使用したとされる)
- (Such as in Anpo Toso [Japanese national campaign against the Security Treaty], it is said that the radicals used it for fire bottles, throwing bombs and smoke bombs).
- 中山安兵衛(のちの堀部武庸)の「高田馬場の決闘」を題材にしたオリジナル歌舞伎。
- 'Duel! Takadanobaba' is an original kabuki play based on 'Duel at Takadanobaba' of Yasube NAKAYAMA (later Taketsune HORIBE).
- しかし、個別の衝突はあったものの蝦夷と朝廷との間には全面的な戦闘状態はなかった。
- However, besides individual battles, there was no full-scale war between the Emishi/Ezo and Imperial armies.
- 頼徳は入城させるよう市川と交渉するが、水戸郊外で対峙した両勢力は戦闘状態に陥る。
- Although Yorinori negotiated with Ichikawa to go into the castle, they ended up going into a battle in the suburbs of Mito.
- 良兼は内通者から情報を得て、石井の館に夜襲をしかけるが将門軍は奮闘し撃退される。
- Led by a betrayer of Masakado, Yoshikane attacked Ishii at night but retreated by Masakados' struggle.
- 惣無事令(そうぶじれい)とは、豊臣秀吉が出した、大名間の私闘を禁じた法令である。
- Sobuji-rei was an edict that prohibited duels between daimyo (feudal lords), issued by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 脚気の原因がわからなかった時代の日清・日露戦争は、まさに脚気との闘いでもあった。
- It could be said that the Sino-Japanese War (1894-'95) and the Russo-Japanese War, which were fought in an age when the causes for beriberi were unknown, were indeed, also struggles against beriberi.
- 1月3日鳥羽街道・伏見街道において薩摩軍との戦闘が開始された(鳥羽伏見の戦い)。
- On January 3, battles started between the bakufu and the Satsuma clan on Toba-kaido Road and Fushimi-kaido Road (The Battle of Toba-Fushimi).
- 朝鮮人は反撃のために約700人を集結させ、京都駅前で的屋・博徒と大乱闘になった。
- To retaliate, Koreans gathered about 700 people and a major clash erupted including the vendors and the gamblers in front of Kyoto station.
- 越後の戦闘が決してから、黒田は秋田に上陸して庄内を背後から攻略する作戦を立てた。
- After the conclusion of the battle in Echigo, Kuroda planed a strategy to land on Akita Prefecture and capture Shonai from behind.
- 彼らの挑発に乗せられる形で戦端が開かれ、宇喜多勢1万7000と激闘を繰り広げた。
- Their provocation provided the offensive spark, and their battle against the Ukita army 17,000 strong was started.
- 『保暦間記』によれば北条宗方の野心とされるが、北条一門の暗闘の真相は不明である。
- According to 'Horyakukanki,' it was due to the ambition of Munekata HOJO, but the truth of what happened behind the scenes of the battle of the HOJO family is unknown.
- また、唐の『闘訟律』には官吏の車駕に対して直接訴えを起こすことは禁じられていた。
- 'Toshoritsu' of the Tang Dynasty banned making a direct appeal to government officials in a palanquin.
- そこで登場したのが安保闘争に参加した若者、西の清原日出夫、東の岸上大作であった。
- Then came along Hideo KIYOHARA of the West and Daisaku KISHIGAMI of the East-two young men who had participated in the conflict over the Japan-US Security Treaty.
- 戦闘時に使用する坂戸山頂上付近の「本丸」は、標高634メートルの平坦地にあった。
- The Honmaru (the keep of the castle), which was located near the top of Sakato-yama Mountain and was used in battles, was constructed on a flat area at 634 meters above sea level.
- だが、東山文化へと移行していく15世紀中頃からこうした闘茶は衰退の様相を見せた。
- But tocha began to decline in the middle of the fifteenth century when the culture was changing into Higashiyama Bunka (Culture of the Eastern Mountain).
- 格闘技イベント『K-1 PREMIUM Dynamite!!』(TBSテレビ系)
- The Martial Arts Event 'K-1 PREMIUM Dynamite!!' (affiliated with TBS Television)
- 頼徳は水戸城下の神勢館に進んで更に入城の交渉を行うが市川は拒絶し、戦闘は拡大した。
- Yorinori moved to Shinseikan, in the castle town of Mito-jo Castle, and tried again and negotiated with Ichikawa but he refused Yorinori to come into the castle, and the battle went worse.
- 初陣(ういじん)は日本における武士階級の子弟が初めて戦闘行為に参加することをいう。
- Uijin is the first battle that young people in the Japanese samurai hierarchy participated in.
- 非戦闘員は二の丸に逃れたが、そこに織田信長軍が突入してきたので本丸にひいていった。
- Noncombatants fled to ninomaru (second bailey), but as troops of Nobunaga ODA rushed into Ninomaru, they retracted to honmaru (the keep of the castle).
- その後、義隆は宮を落ち延びさせるため奮闘し、満身創痍となり力尽き、切腹し自害した。
- After that, Yoshitaka worked hard to let Imperial Prince escape safely, but he was injured all over, exhausted, and committed seppuku.
- 同年10月、両者は党類を引き連れて源光信邸前で乱闘となり、「大津義親」が殺された。
- In October of the same year, the two brought their followers and started a scuffle in front of the mansion of MINAMOTO no Mitsunobu and 'Otsu Yoshichika' was killed.
- 清盛の軍勢は源為朝との戦闘で大きな被害を出し、形勢不利と見た清盛は撤退を指示した。
- Kiyomori's force was seriously damaged in the battle against MINAMOTO no Tametomo. Anticipating his loss, Kiyomori ordered his forces to withdraw.
- その一方で、近藤らは新撰組内部で凄惨な権力闘争を行い、敵対勢力を容赦なく殺害した。
- At the same time, KONDO and others were in a terrible struggle for power within Shinsen-gumi, and mercilessly killed their opponents.
- 男性の闘争本能を呼び起こさせることで、地域社会の若者層の暴走を抑えることであった。
- By evoking men's combative instinct, the festival could keep the young people from rampages.
- 後を追う幕府軍も一定間隔を置いて追尾するのみで簡単に戦闘を仕掛けようとはしなかった。
- The army of bakufu which was pursuing Tenguto just followed them while keeping certain distance from them and did not easily start the battle.
- 勝頼最後の戦となった田野の四郎作・鳥居畑では、信長の大軍を僅かな手勢で奮闘撃退した。
- In Shirotsukuri, Toriibata in Tano, which was the last battlefield of Katsuyori, he bravely fought off Nobunaga's large army with a small number of troops.
- 尾張墨俣渡にて御家人らと先陣争いで乱闘になったのが頼朝の耳に届き、怒りを買っている。
- Yoritomo got angry when he heard about internal fighting for the vanguard position happening at Sumimata watashi-Ferry in Owari Province.
- このような形で鴎外が関わってきた論争は「戦闘的評論」や「論争的啓蒙」などと評される。
- The dispute Ogai was involved in was sometimes called 'aggressive criticism' or 'controversial philosophy.'
- 徳麻呂の名は、『日本書紀』が記す倭(大和国)の中道(なかつみち)での戦闘中に現れる。
- Tokomaro is mentioned in the scene of the battle at Naka-tsu-michi Road of Yamato (Yamato Province), in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan).
- 大蛇は懐妊するが、子の生まれることを恐れ隠れようとした神泉苑に棲む龍女と格闘になる。
- The giant snake became pregnant but as she was trying to hide in Shinsen-en Garden for fear of giving birth to the child, she started fighting against Ryujo (dragon woman) who was living there.
- 但しこの差料は池田屋事件の激闘の為に修復不可能なほどにぼろぼろになったそうである)。
- But it is said to have been ruined in the fierce fighting of the Ikedaya Incident.
- 三好党らによる戦乱などで困難を窮めながらも京都地区の布教責任者として奮闘した。極める
- He strove as the missionary in charge of the Kyoto district even under difficult circumstances such as it being war-torn by warring groups such as the Miyoshi clique.
- 日本神話においては、それに天孫民族と隼人族との闘争を重ね合わせたものとも考えられる。
- In Japanese mythology, the fighting between the people of Tenson and the people of Hayato was added.
- 天皇方は頼政、源重成、平信兼らの軍兵を投入するが、上皇方は各門で奮戦して激闘が続く。
- The emperor's side deployed Yorimasa's, MINAMOTO no Shigenari's, and TAIRA no Nobukane's forces, but the retired emperor's side fought hard at each gate and fierce battles continued.
- 道長もまた、995年に甥藤原伊周(道隆嫡男)との権力闘争に勝ち、内覧に就任している。
- In 995, Michinaga won the struggle for power with his nephew FUJIWARA no Korechika (Michitaka's heir) and took the post of Private Inspector.
- 騎馬隊の任務は足軽隊の戦闘で手薄になった箇所への突撃・突破とそれに対する逆襲である。
- The task of the cavalry was to attack and penetrate through the areas where fighting by the foot soldiers became sparse, and also to counterattack in such cases.
- 日本では回茶・飲茶勝負・茶寄合・茶湯勝負・貢茶、中国では茗茶・銘闘などの異名がある。
- It is also called kaicha (another name of tocha), incha shobu (tea competition), cha-yoriai (a meeting of samurai where they played tocha, igo, and other kinds of game), chato shobu (tea competition), or kocha (a kind of tea competition) in Japan, while it is also known as meicha (a Chinese name of the tea competition), meito (a Chinese name of the tea competition), etc. in China.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の剣術(兵法)は、戦場での総合的な戦闘技術を包括したものであった。
- Kenjutsu (art of warfare) in the Sengoku period (Japan) integrated various combat skills on the battlefields.
- このような不満が官僚社会に蔓延すれば闘争につながり、結果として民を苦しめることになる。
- The spread of such frustration in the bureaucracy would lead to struggles, which, as a result, would bring common people suffering.
- 稷山の戦い(ショクサンのたたかい)は慶長の役において日本軍と明軍との間で戦われた戦闘。
- The Battle of Shokusan was fought between the Japanese army and the Ming army during the Keicho Campaign.
- 殿軍の組長として十番隊を指揮し主だった新選組の戦闘には原田の名が必ずあり活躍している。
- Commanding the Tenth Unit as the leader of the rear guard, Harada participated in all major fights of Shinsengumi.
- 寿永3年(1184年)2月の一ノ谷の戦いでは、父・知盛に従い、源氏方の源義経軍と戦闘。
- In the Battle of Ichinotani broke out in February 1184, he fought against the troops belonging to the Minamoto clan that were commanded by MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, with his father Tomomori.
- 折衷学を大成させたことで知られ、学派闘争を否定し古文辞学(荻生徂徠)を痛烈に批判した。
- He is known as the founder of the eclectic school ('Secchugaku-ha' in Japanese) of Japanese Confucianism, who denied conflicts among various schools and severely criticized Sorai OGYU's Kobunjigaku (the study of archaic words and phrases).
- 天文5年、土岐頼武と土岐頼芸の守護職を巡る闘争に関与し、朝倉景高、大野郡穴間城を攻略。
- In 1536, Takakage became involved in a conflict between Yoritake TOKI and Yorinari TOKI over the position of Shugoshiki (military governor), and captured Kagetaka ASAKURA's Anama-jo Castle in Ono-gun.
- しばらくして戻ると新撰組が池田屋の周辺を取り囲んでいて、吉田は奮闘の末、討ち死にする。
- When he later returned, he found the Ikedaya surrounded by the Shinsengumi and, after a hard fight, he was killed.
- 大きくなった袖は、いざ戦闘の際には邪魔になるため袖口に袖を絞る紐を通す慣例が始まった。
- It became customary to put the cord through the opening of the sleeve, which became bigger, to tie it up since it was in the way during a time of battle.
- 百姓一揆の闘争形態の分類として、代表越訴、惣百姓一揆、村方騒動、国訴などがあげられる。
- The form of struggle represented by hyakusho ikki can be classified into daihyo osso (illegal direct petition made by a representative of the village), so hyakusho ikki (political appeal made by all the peasants in a village under the control of officials), murakata sodo (infighting that develops into accusation), kokuso (or kuniso; a legal petition made by peasants tied up across the border of the province), etc.
- 宗教組織は、依然として僧兵組織の維持や、戦闘拠点となりうる寺院の造営に力を振り分けた。
- Religious organizations still used powers for maintenance of organizations of armed priests and constructions of buildings for temples that could be used as the base of battle.
- 同様の理由により、自衛隊の戦闘糧食(レーション)にもこれを含むメニューが見受けられる。
- The menu including konpeito is found in the ration used by the Japan Self-Defense Forces for the similar reason.
- 印地(いんじ)とは、日本で石を投擲することによって対象を殺傷する戦闘技術、行事である。
- Inji is a Japanese combat technology that kills and wounds the objects by slinging, or an event.
- 海や河で戦闘、あるいは身を守るための泳ぎで、かつては武士のたしなみとして重んじられた。
- They were swimming techniques for samurai to fight in the water and rivers, or to protect themselves, and were considered important as the necessary accomplishments of a samurai.
- 1147年 平清盛は祇園闘乱事件がきっかけで、鳥羽法皇より30斤の贖銅を命ぜられている。
- In 1147, TAIRA no Kiyomori was ordered by the Cloistered Emperor Toba to pay 30 kin of copper due to the Gion Brawling Incident.
- 特に俘囚が有していた高い戦闘技術は、新たに形成されようとしている軍制に強い影響を与えた。
- In particular, the high-level fighting technique possessed by fushu strongly affected the newly formed military system.
- 根来衆の主要兵力は和泉の戦線に出払っていて、寺には戦闘に耐えうる者はほとんどいなかった。
- The main force of Negoro shu went out to the battle line of Izumi and few people who could fight stayed at the temple.
- 八幡堀は琵琶湖の水を引いて作られた堀で戦闘の用をなすだけでなく運河の役割も果たしていた。
- Drawing its water from Lake Biwa, Hachiman-bori Moat served not only as a moat during battles, but also as a waterway.
- 3月、範頼は上洛の際の乱闘騒ぎの咎で謹慎させられ、何度も嘆きわびてようやく許されている。
- In March, Noriyori was placed on probation because of an uproarious fight while traveling to Kyoto, he continuously apologized for this and was forgiven at long last.
- 決闘の場所も、義経記では、五条の大橋ではなく、堀川小路から清水寺での出来事とされている。
- The site of the encounter is also not on the Gojo-Ohashi Bridge, but somewhere between Horikawa-Koji street to Kiyomizu-dera Temple according to the Gikeiki.
- また、西郷の首も戦闘終了後に発見され、総指揮を執った山縣有朋の検分ののちに手厚く葬られた
- Saigo's head was discovered after the end of the war, and after the inspection by Aritomo YAMAGATA, who took charge of the matter, it was buried with all the proper honors.
- 「鎮西戦闘鄙言」では村田と池上が中軍を指揮し、西郷と桐野が中軍で総指揮をとったとする)。
- Murata and Ikegami took command of the middle army, and Saigo and Kirino took charge of the middle army at 'the battles in Kyushu in country dialect').
- そのグラウンドで行われたコンサートが、「三里塚闘争」をスローガンにした「幻野祭」である。
- The concert, held on the grounds under the slogan of 'Sanrizuka conflict,' was the 'Genyasai Festival.'
- 屋島の戦いの後も、瀬戸内海を中心に小規模な戦闘が続いて両者とも一進一退を繰り返していた。
- After the Battle of Yashima, skirmishes continued to occur in the Seto Inland Sea and the battle front went back and forth.
- なお、この戦闘の最中、新選組結成時からの主要幹部隊士の一人であった井上源三郎が戦死する。
- Incidentally, Genzaburo INOUE, a ranking officer of the Shinsengumi since its foundation, was killed during the intense battle.
- これにより、復元されている律は、名例律・衛禁律・職制律・賊盗律、そして闘訟律の一部である。
- The restored Ritsu includes Meirei Ritsu, Eikin Ritsu, Shikisei Ritsu (Office Penal Laws), Zokuto Ritsu (Theft Laws) and part of Tosho Ritsu (Court Rules).
- かくしてニコライ2世は、1904年2月10日、アレクセーエフに対し日本との戦闘行為を容認。
- Hence, Nicholai II permitted Алексеев militarily engage Japanese forces on February 10th, 1904.
- 「私は母のおかげで、生活の苦労を感じずに絵を生命とも杖ともして、それと闘えたのであった。」
- It was because of my mother that I was able to paint, making pictures my life and my crutch, without experiencing life's hardships.'
- 備の戦闘隊形は西洋のテルシオやテルシオテルシオへの挑戦などの陣形と異なり厳密な操典はない。
- Sonae's battle array was unlike the western-style tercio (Spanish square) or tercio to tercio attack formation in that there were no strict rules.
- そしてそのほとんどが、平安時代における藤原氏が関係する政争、あるいは宮廷闘争の結果である。
- Most of them resulted from the political strives involving the Fujiwara clan or the conflicts in the imperial court.
- 山崎の戦い時には明智光秀側、豊臣秀吉側双方から市街での戦闘を避けるよう協定がなされていた。
- Mitsuhide AKECHI and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI made an agreement to avoid combating in the city during the Battle of Yamazaki.
- 逃散(ちょうさん)とは、日本の中世から近世にかけて行われた農民抵抗の手段、闘争形態である。
- Chosan was means of resistance and forms of struggle waged by farmers in Japan from the middle ages to the early modern period.
- 『決闘! 高田馬場』(けっとう たかだのばば)は、三谷幸喜作・演出による日本の歌舞伎作品。
- Ketto! Takadanobaba (Duel! Takadanobaba) is a Japanese kabuki play written and directed by Koki MITANI.
- 1944年 第100歩兵大隊が日系人志願兵によって組織された第442連隊戦闘団に統合される。
- In 1944, the 100th Infantry Battalion was integrated into the 442nd Regiment, which consisted of Japanese volunteers.
- 一方で、兵力と火力に勝っていながら、鎮台兵は戦術的戦闘ではしばしば西郷軍の士族兵に敗北した。
- On the other hand, although having been superior in troop strength and firepower, soldiers in Kumamoto Garrison were often defeated by soldiers from warrior class in Saigo's army in strategic fights.
- それに対し記紀には広開土王碑に見られるような高句麗などとの激しい戦闘を伝えるものが全くない。
- In comparison, the kiki (Kojiki and Nihonshoki) has no description of any furious battles with Koguryo, written on the Gwanggaeto Stele.
- 『礒貝富森両人覚書』も、邸内ではたびたび戦闘が起きたが、長屋の侍は出てこなかったとしている。
- It is also described in 'Isogai Tomimori Ryonin Oboegaki' that although much fighting took place in the residence, no single samurai came out of their long house.
- 宝亀8年(777年) 出羽において戦闘継続、出羽国軍蝦夷に敗れるも翌年までには一旦反乱収束。
- In 777, fighting against rebels continued in Dewa Province, and although the army of Dewa Province did succumb to the Emishi on one occasion, the rebellions were temporarily put down in the following year, 778.
- これにより備は同時代における西洋の戦闘隊形に較べ高い機動力と地形に対する適応力を持っていた。
- Because of this, compared to the western battle array of the same period, sonae possessed higher mobility and topographical adaptability.
- 結果、この事件を期に不本意ながらも将門の戦いは「私闘」から朝廷への「叛乱」となってしまった。
- As a result, this event changed the battle of Masakado from a 'private battle' to 'rebellion' against the Imperial Court, regardless of his intention.
- 橘はその戦闘で死亡し、同日付で陸軍歩兵中佐に進級し勲四等旭日小綬章及功四級金鵄勲章を賜った。
- Tachibana died in this battle, and posthumously he was promoted to the Lieutenant Colonel of the Infantry Regiment of Army and conferred the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette and the Order of Golden Kite, Fourth Class.
- また、豊臣秀長死後の豊臣政権内の不安定さから来る政治闘争に巻き込まれたため、という説もある。
- Also, some people say that Rikyu got involved in the political conflict around the instability of the TOYOTOMI administration after the death of Hidenaga TOYOTOMI.
- 例えば天皇の息子(皇太子)と弟(皇太弟)というように、皇位継承をめぐって権力闘争が起こった。
- There were power struggles over succession to the Imperial Throne, such as an emperor's son (crown prince) and his younger brother (the younger brother of an emperor who is the heir apparent).
- 鎌倉でのこの戦闘の後、この地で死んだ北条一族を弔うため、足利尊氏によって宝戒寺が建てられた。
- After this war in Kamakura, Takauji ASHIKAGA built Hokai-ji Temple to pray for the Hojo clan that was killed here.
- 近年のCQCを重視する各国の軍用格闘技に柔術の技が採り入れられていることもある(サンボ等)。
- In some countries where close quarters combat (CQC) has been stressed on recently, the techniques of jujutsu are introduced into their own military combat sports, such as Sambo.
- この時期こそ、じつは日本が近代醸造学の基礎を確立しようと奮闘していた時期でもあったといえる。
- In fact, it was during that period that Japan was struggling to form foundations for modern zymurgy.
- しかし、天狗党は数々の戦闘を経験した精鋭であり、一説には数十門とも言われる大砲を所持していた。
- However, Tenguto was an experienced army and one theory even says that they had dozens of cannons.
- 戦場となった朝鮮半島では日本軍、朝鮮軍、明軍の戦闘や駐留の他、統治不全によって治安が悪化した。
- On Korean Peninsula, which was the battle field, public safety deteriorate because of disorderly governance in addition to battles between troops of Japan, Korea, and Ming as well as their presence there.
- ゆえに戦闘において前衛が大損害を被れば、それ以上無理押しをしないのが彼らの常識的な対応だった。
- Therefore, it was their common response that if the vanguard was greatly damaged in the battle they did not fight daringly any more.
- 先鋒の朝倉景鏡を押し返すなど健闘を見せるが、浅井対馬・玄蕃の2千に側面から攻撃を仕掛けられる。
- Although Yoshinari's forces fought bravely by pushing back Kageakira ASAKURA who led the allied forces, they were attacked on the flank by 2,000 soldiers from the Genba and Tsushima ASAI armies.
- 尚、『吾妻鏡』には2万騎とあるが『延慶本平家物語』では1万騎、『源平闘諍録』では1千騎である。
- Moreover, 'Azuma Kagami' described Hirotsune's soldiers as being 20,000 even though they were 10,000 and 1000 in 'Enkeihon The Tale of the Heike' and 'Genpei Tojoroku'(a record of Genpei battles), respectively.
- 2時間近くの激闘の末に、浪士たちは遂に吉良上野介を探し出し、これを討ち果たして、首級を取った。
- After a fierce battle lasting nearly two hours, the Ako Roshi cornered Kozukenosuke KIRA, killed him, and severed his head.
- この披露会にて伊藤公より、「東西分局勢 黒白闘雌雄 坐看輸贏迹 賢愚老此中」の詩章を贈られる。
- In this reception he was given a shi-sho (context of a poem or a book with musical components) from Ito: '東西分局勢 黒白闘雌雄 坐看輸贏迹 賢愚老此中.'
- 戦闘における騎馬の重要性からも院御厩別当への就任は軍事貴族である忠盛にとって大きいものだった。
- It was was very important for Tadamori, who was a military noble, to accede to the betto of Miumaya no tsukasa because of the importance of calvalry to battles.
- つまり最後の五百年では仏教徒の間で論争が闘わされ正しい教えが隠没してしまう、ということである。
- In essence, there will be disputes among Buddhists and correct teaching will be forgotten in the period of the final 500 years.
- 秀吉は、それを桶に入れて、京や大阪の街角を練り歩かせ、戦闘が順調に推移していることを喧伝した。
- Hideyoshi ordered them shown in tubs all over the streets in Kyoto and Osaka in order to play up the success of the battles.
- やがて、三人衆軍・筒井軍は退却したものの、以後も大和国内をはじめとする畿内各地で戦闘が続いた。
- Although the troops of the three men and Tsutsui retreated in the meantime, warfare continued in various places in the areas surrounding the capital, including Yamato Province.
- 発生は平安時代とされ、検非違使の雑用役・戦闘予備員として従軍した「下部」が足軽の原型とされる。
- The status of ashigaru is thought to have originated during the Heian period from the shimobe (miscellaneous servants and attendants) who served kebiishi (police and judicial chiefs) in the capacity of performing miscellaneous duties and acting as reserve soldiers.
- 皆がいぶかるところへ石川伊豆守が駆け付け、大野親子を誅せんと戦闘をしかけ共に闘うことを勧める。
- Ishikawa Izu no kami rush to people here who are feeling uneasy and urges them to start fighting together to defeat the father and son of the Ono.
- 武士の道は弓馬の道とされ弓術、馬術が武士の必須の武芸であり、合戦での戦闘のための技芸であった。
- The way of samurai (warriors) was considered the way of kyuba (archery and equestrianism), and therefore, kyujutsu and bajutsu (Japanese horse-back technique) were the compulsory bugei (military arts) and the practical art for fighting in the battles.
- 落人(おちゅうど、おちうど)は、戦闘に敗れて僻地に隠遁したもの、およびその末裔を指す言葉である。
- Ochudo (or ochiudo) indicates persons who were defeated in a fight and escaped to and lived in a remote rural area or the person's descendants.
- 武器と戦闘様式から見ても、平安時代から鎌倉時代、鎌倉幕府の滅亡までの間ではそう大きな変化は無い。
- There were no big transformations of weapons and battle formations from the Heian to the Kamakura period and the fall of the Kamakura bakufu.
- 関ヶ原の戦いでは長束正家は西軍に属し、関ヶ原に布陣していたが戦闘には参加できず水口城に敗走した。
- At the Battle of Sekigahara, Masaie NATSUKA joined the West Camp but was unable to participate in the battle and fled to Minakuchi-jo Castle.
- 逆に戦闘が終了した亥刻(午後十時頃)には織田信長軍の万見重元ら多くの近臣と2千兵を失う事になる。
- On the other hand, by around ten o'clock in the night when the battle ended, troops of Nobunaga ODA had lost many close vassals including Shigemoto MANMI and 2,000 soldiers.
- 幕府海軍(ばくふかいぐん)とは、江戸幕府が設置した、海上戦闘を任務とした西洋式軍備の海軍である。
- Bakufu kaigun (navy) was a navy with western-style armaments which was organized by Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to accomplish battles at sea as a mission.
- 火縄銃は、世界的に見ても異常な速度で瞬く間に日本全土に普及し、戦国時代の戦闘の形態を一新させた。
- Use of matchlock guns spread at a high speed that was unusual compared even with world standards, and they became used throughout Japan in quite a short time, completely changing fighting styles during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
- しかし、これらは大名の石高、戦時における戦闘要員、後方要員双方の動員、各備の任務により増減する。
- However, these numbers increased or decreased depending on the daimyo's kokudaka (a system for determining land value for tribute purposes in the Edo period), wartime combat personnel as well as the reserves for rearguard supporters that needed to be mobilized, and the task of each sonae.
- 左右翼隊の健闘でさしもの薩軍も遂に重富から撃退され、次いで磯付近で包囲攻撃を受け、北方に敗走した。
- Though having resisted strongly, the Satsuma army was driven away from Shigetomi by the troops in both right and left flanks that fought bravely, and then was besieged near the beach and routed towards the north.
- 各所で苛烈な近距離戦闘が発生した第二次上海事変での日本兵の主な武器は手榴弾や十年式擲弾筒であった。
- In the Second Shanghai Jihen (Shanghai incident), in which short-distance battles occurred in various places, the main arms of the Japanese soldiers were grenades and tenth-year (Taisho 10, or 1921) type grenade launchers.
- どちらも権力闘争のために入れ替わり近隣外国の力を利用したのでどちらかが「開化派」とはいえなかった。
- Both groups used the power of neighboring and foreign countries in turn for their strife over authority, so neither of them were really 'the Gaehwadang' (Progressive group).
- なお、大牟礼山/大村山は「おおむれさん」と読み、大内軍の陣があったことから戦闘名としても使われる。
- 大牟礼山 and 大村山 (Mt. Omure) read 'Omure san', which was also used as the battle name because the OUCHI army pitched camp there.
- 1888年には従来の内乱鎮圧型の鎮台を改編し、6師団と近衛師団を創設して海外での戦闘能力を高めた。
- In 1888, the conventional garrison --the system effective for claiming domestic conflicts-- was reorganized with the creation of six divisions and Guard Divisions to increase the ability to fight abroad.
- 秀吉は人も動物も皆殺しにするよう厳命し、城内にいた者は非戦闘員はおろか馬や犬猫に至るまで全滅した。
- Hideyoshi harshly ordered the killing of all people and animals, so that all in the castle including not only noncombatants but also horses, dogs and cats were killed.
- また、このころより、評論的啓蒙活動は、戦闘的ないし論争的なものから、穏健的なものに変わっていった。
- Also, from around this time, the nature of his activities became less confrontational and more moderate.
- 近江攻防(おうみこうぼう)は、治承・寿永の乱の中で起きた近江源氏・園城寺僧兵と平家との一連の戦闘。
- The offense and defense in Omi Province were a series of battles between Omi-Genji (the Minamoto clan) and Onjo-ji Temple's armed priests versus Heike (the Taira family) during the Jisho-Juei War.
- 文久3年7月頃、山南は土方と共に呉服商「岩城升屋」に押し入った不逞浪士数名を激しい戦闘の末に撃退。
- Around August 1863, Sannan and Hijikata had a fierce battle against a few repined masterless samurai who intruded into a kimono fabrics dealer called 'Iwaki Shoya' and repelled them.
- こうして一転賊軍となった信頼・義朝らは討伐の対象となり、ついに12月27日京中で戦闘が開始される。
- In contrast, Nobuyori and Yoshitomo became rebels, and the battle to put them down occurred on December 27 in Kyoto.
- これは被支配者である農民による階級闘争の結果、支配層から土地所有権を奪取したと評価するものである。
- In this view, they think peasants, who had been unilaterally controlled by rulers, captured land ownership from the rulers as a result of a class struggle.
- 1637年の島原の乱以降は一揆は沈静化し、強訴や逃散など百姓一揆と呼ばれる闘争の形態が主流となる。
- Ikki uprisings abated after the Shimabara War of 1637, and a form of struggle called hyakusho ikki, including goso and chosan (farmer's desertion from his land as a form of resistance), began to comprise the majority of ikki.
- 戦後も自衛隊格闘術や警察の逮捕術の技術に大きな影響を及ぼし、現在も機動隊などで研修が行われている。
- After the war, it greatly influenced the techniques of the combat skill of the Self-Defense Forces and taihojutsu (arresting art) of the police, and training continues today among riot police, etc.
- 甲冑を装着した武者同士の太刀による戦闘方法は、当然、巨人がただ刀を振り回せばよいものとは異なった。
- Unlike those with good builds, fighting styles between heavily-armored samurai was not simply swinging about swords.
- この時足立大尉は必死の反撃をし格闘したが、中島も持っていた短刀で加勢し2人で滅多突きにして殺害した。
- Senior Lieutenant Adachi fought hard, but Nakajima joined Iwanaga with his own short sword and stabbed him to death, striking him a countless number of times.
- 大規模な戦闘になったのか、京都への再侵攻を試みたのか、阿波国への帰着の突破を計ろうとしたのかは不明。
- Whether it developed into a great battle, whether they attempted to invade Kyoto again, and whether they attempted to force their way back to Awa Province remains unknown.
- それ以上の期間にわたる戦闘の際には兵粮奉行が小荷駄隊を率いて領内から兵糧を輸送を行う事になっていた。
- During longer battles, a Hyoro Bugyo was in charge of leading a Konidatai (caravan of men and animals carrying supplies) to transport provisions from the domain.
- このように実際に戦闘に加わらないものに対し、格別の配慮をするのが田中吉政の城攻めであるとされている。
- Thus, he is said to have been thoughtful of people who were not participants in a battle as he attacked a castle.
- 一族同士雌雄を決することを望み、弓を捨てて馬上組みあい、双方落馬しながら格闘し遂に重茂を討ち取った。
- Members of the same family, they wanted to fight to a decisive finish, so they both threw away their bows and fought each other on horseback; when they fell from their horses, they continued to fight hand-to-hand until Yoshihide eventually killed Shigemochi.
- とくに長時間戦闘をおこなった義朝勢は50人以上の死者を出し、重傷者も80人を超えるという有様だった。
- Yoshitomo's army had a long fight in which more than 50 warriors were killed and more than 80 were injured.
- 領地のために命を張った戦国武士などは、戦闘で命が残る「冥加」にかけて、「茗荷」の紋を好んで使用した。
- In order to survive in the struggle for lands, many samurais in the Sengoku period preferred to use a picture of Myoga as their symbol on the battlefield, because the pronunciation of the term Myoga is the same as that of the term (冥加), which means luck.
- それはアメリカ軍における一般的な兵営食であり、大戦中はレーション(缶詰の戦闘食)としても汎用された。
- It was a regular food in the US Army barracks, and was widely used as a ration (canned food in battle) during the war.
- この時の神出鬼没のゲリラ戦やその高い戦闘力の印象が、甲賀武士達を全国に知らしめることになったのである。
- The name of Koga warriors became well-known throughout the country because their elusive and effective guerrilla warfare and high combat ability in this battle were so impressive.
- 高崎藩などに大勝した事が更に天狗党の武名を高め、その後の通過地でも戦闘を避ける藩が増える事に繋がった。
- The fact that Tenguto won the battle against Takasaki Domain and other domains raised the military fame of Tenguto and increased the number of domains avoiding to enter into a battle against Tenguto.
- なお安城渡の戦闘で第21連隊の木口小平二等卒は死んでも信号ラッパを離さずに吹き続けたという逸話が残る。
- Fro reference, there is a story that a private second class solder of the 21st regiment, Kohei KIGUCHI, never let his signal bugle fall from his lips when killed during battle on the outside of Anseong.
- その際に頼朝に寵愛されていた佐奈田義忠と死闘を繰り広げ、長尾定景(新六)の助けにより一命を取り留めた。
- On that occasion, Kagehisa was engaged in a life-and-death combat against Yoshitada SANADA, who was a favorite of Yoritomo, and he survived the combat with the help of Sadakage (Shinroku) NAGAO.
- しかし、増田明道兵部少丞等他の海軍担当官との関係は良好とは言い難く、佐野の奮闘は空回りでしかなかった。
- However, a relationship between governors in charge of navy, including a Hyobu shojo Meido MASUDA, was not a friendly one and the effort of Sano failed to show results.
- 長州征討などで活動し、江戸幕府が大政奉還で消滅した後も戊辰戦争において榎本武揚に率いられ戦闘を続けた。
- It was engaged in battles including the Choshu Conquest, and the bakufu kaigun led by Takeaki ENOMOTO continued battles in the Boshin War even after the bakufu was overthrown in Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor).
- 海軍伝習に訪れたオランダ海軍の教師団のうちの海兵隊員らから、歩兵戦闘や隊員の指導を受けたこともあった。
- They had received trainings including the training on the battle of foot soldiers from the marines among the Dutch army's instructors who visited for navy training.
- 武士が山麓の平地に居館を、背後の山に山城を築き、戦闘になると山城に立て篭もるといった様式が一般化する。
- It became common that warriors constructed their residence on the flatlands at the foot of a mountain and their castle on the mountain behind the residence, and barricade themselves in the castle when the battle started.
- 平安時代の末期、皇族・貴族内部の権力闘争が、保元の乱・平治の乱といった軍事衝突に発展するようになった。
- The power struggle amongst Imperial family members and the aristocracy during the later Heian period led to military conflicts such as Hogen Rebellion and Heiji Rebellion.
- この戦闘で数名の尊攘過激派は逃走したが、続く翌朝の市中掃討で会津・桑名藩らと連携し20余名を捕縛した。
- Although some of the radical nationalists escaped from the battle, the next morning more than 20 people were arrested by carrying out clearing operations with Aizu, Kuwana, and other clans.
- ヤクザ映画などでは、白鞘のままの刀で格闘する場面が見られるが、当然激しい使用に耐えられるものではない。
- Yakuza movies often show battle scenes using shirasaya swords, but, as might be surmised, they are not stout enough for rough use.
- だが、時代が下るにつれて院の近臣間でも権力闘争が起こり、1159年(平治元年)の平治の乱の一因となった。
- However, as times went by, strife over authority arose among In no Kinshin, which was one of the causes of the Heiji War in 1159.
- 多賀城の略奪についても、その指揮官は不明であり、征東大使藤原継縄の投入後も戦闘は拡大したと見られている。
- The commander of the plunder of the Taga-jo Castle is unknown as well, it is considered that even after Seito Taishi (great general who subdues the eastern barbarians) FUJIWARA no Tsugutada joined, the battle was further expanded.
- 戦術が単騎による個人戦から集団戦闘へと変遷するに従い、軍役は所領や収穫量を基準としたものになっていった。
- As the military strategy changed from the one-to-one duels by horsemen to the party and army battle, the military service had been based on the area and the crop yields of the territory.
- 近世以前、軍事における戦略、戦術、戦闘、(格闘も含む場合がある)、について体系化したものを兵法といった。
- Before the modern times, systematized war strategies, tactics, battles (may include wrestling) in military affairs were referred to as Heiho (art of warfare).
- 李氏朝鮮の宮廷内の親日派と親露派の権力闘争による不安定な政治情勢は、日露双方の利益を危険にさらしていた。
- The unstable political situation in Korea due to the power struggle between the pro-Japanese and Russian factions in the Joseon dynasty was endangering the interests of both Japanese and Russian sides.
- 幕府陸軍(ばくふりくぐん)とは、幕末に江戸幕府が編成した陸上戦闘を任務とした西洋式軍備の軍事組織である。
- Bakufu rikugun is a military organization with western-style armaments which was organized by Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in the Edo Period to accomplish battles on land as a mission.
- これらの城は律令制が崩れると共に廃れ始め、武士の時代に築かれ始めたものが戦闘拠点としての狭義の城である。
- These castles began to crumble as the ritsuryo system collapsed, and the castles were built in the age of samurai as military bases.
- 本土決戦を目前にした陸軍が航空部隊・航空総軍の戦闘司令所として建設されたもので、二つの壕に分かれている。
- It was built as the top headquarters of air battle units of the Imperial Japanese Army in preparation for the coming decisive battles in the mainland, and it consisted of two shelters.
- ちなみに、ここで言う上層とは、厳密には発生期の武士と同様に、騎馬戦闘の権利資格を有する階層の武士を指す。
- Strictly speaking, upper class bushi indicates the class of bushi who had the right to fight on horseback, which had been used to define bushi since the beginning of the bushi class.
- 空手道(からてどう)もしくは空手(からて)とは、沖縄で発祥した拳足による打撃技を特徴とする武道、格闘技。
- Karatedo (also known as karate), a martial art and a combat sport developed in Okinawa, is characterized as a striking art that uses kicking.
- 巣伏の戦い(すぶしのたたかい)は奈良時代に東北地方(後の陸中国)で発生した、朝廷軍と蝦夷による戦闘である。
- The Battle of Subushi was a battle between the Imperial army and Emishi (natives of the Japanese islands of Hokkaido and northern Honshu that opposed and resisted the rule of the Japanese Emperors) occurred in Tohoku region (later Rikuchu Province) in the Nara period.
- 「鎌倉九代後記」によれば、基氏は約6年間もの長期間、南朝方との戦闘のため鎌倉を離れて入間川沿いに在陣した。
- According to 'Kamakura Kudaigoki' (a history book in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to Kamakura period), Motouji stayed at the side of Iruma-gawa River, away from Kamakura, for 6 years to fight against Southern Court.
- 高田馬場で果し合いをすることになり、安兵衛は助太刀を買って出て、相手方3人を斬り倒した(高田馬場の決闘)。
- When Rokurozaemon had to fight a duel in Takadanobaba, Yasubei assisted him in the duel and cut down three enemies (Duel in Takadanobaba).
- 慶応4年正月3日鳥羽 (洛外)(京都市)で薩摩藩兵と衝突し、戦闘となった(詳細は鳥羽・伏見の戦いを参照)。
- On January 3, 1868, the army of the Tokugawa shogunate confronted the army of the Satsuma Domain at Toba ('Rakugai;' on the outskirts of Kyoto in Kyoto City); this incident would lead to a battle (Please refer to The Battle of Toba-Fushimi).
- 尚、陸軍において、刀剣、槍、銃剣、ナイフなどの鋭器や棍棒などの鈍器を用いた至近距離の戦闘は白兵戦と呼んだ。
- In Navy, battles at close range using sharp weapons including swords, spears, bayonet drills, and knives and dull weapons such as bats were called hand-to-hand combat.
- また、武田氏への共闘を目的に上杉謙信のもとに使者を送り、今川・北条・上杉三国同盟を結ぶ(実態は越相同盟)。
- Furthermore, he sent a messenger to Kenshin UESUGI with an aim to form a coalition against the Takeda clan, and he formed the Imagawa, Hojo and Uesugi alliance (the Etsu-So Alliance, or the Echigo and Sagami Alliance).
- 義政は畠山の私闘への関わりを禁じるが、宗全は後土御門天皇や後花園上皇らを室町亭に避難させ、義就に加勢する。
- Yoshimasa forbade involvement in the personal strife within the Hatakeyama family, but Sozen arranged for keeping Emperor Gotsuchimikado and the Retired Emperor Gohanazono sheltered in Muromachi-dai, and gave support to Yoshinari.
- 室町時代、禅宗文化が栄え、茶礼が盛んになったが、上層階級の間では、義政の時代まで闘茶も広く親しまれていた。
- The sarei became popular as the Zen culture became prosperous during Muromachi period, and tocha was widely popular within the upper class people until the time of Yoshimasa.
- 手裏剣(しゅりけん)は、敵の戦闘力を減退させるため相手に打つ、小形の刀剣・針様などの形状をもつ武器である。
- A shuriken is a small weapon shaped like a sword or needle, thrown at an opponent to diminish the fighting power of an enemy.
- 戦場における組討の技術(弓・鉄砲、槍、刀剣の間合いに続く格闘における技術。敵将の首を取ることも行われた。)
- The techniques of kumiuchi at a battleground: While making some space, fighters fought against the opponents with an arrow, a harquebus, a spear, or a sword, and then they used these techniques in a physical combat; by that means, they also cut off the head of the opponents' leader.
- 約8時間といわれる戦闘とその後の追撃戦の間に、両軍合わせて2万人近い死者が出たとするのは信じがたい話である。
- It is unlikely that a total of about 20,000 men were killed during the period between the 8-hour battle and the subsequent one.
- 通盛は越前国国府に入るが、越前・加賀の住人は従わず、9月6日水津にて反乱勢力と通盛との間に戦闘が行なわれる。
- Michimori entered the provincial capital of Echizen Province, but the residents of Echizen and Kaga did not obey him, and on October 22, a war broke out between the rebel forces and Michimori at Suizu.
- 「自由民権家は皆明治維新を闘った尊皇家で、天皇の存在に国民の権利、利益の究極の擁護者の地位を仰ぎ見ていた。」
- Democratic activists used to be people with reverence for the emperor who had fought during the Meiji restoration, and they considered the emperor as the ultimate advocate of public rights and benefits.'
- 久安3年(1147年)に清盛が祇園闘乱事件を引き起こして処罰されたことにより、家盛の存在感は急速に高まった。
- In 1147, because Kiyomori was being punished for causing a disturbance in Gion, Iemori suddenly rose in prominence.
- 7月18日細川沿橋頭の戦闘では伝令を務めたが、この時榴霰弾の破裂によって臀部及び脚部を負傷、内地後送される。
- On July 18, in the battle at Qiaotou near to Xichuan, he served as orderly, and during the battle he was injured in buttocks and legs by shrapnel, and sent back to Japan.
- 例えば、口をきけたのが「3日後」ではなく即日で、韓国の軍の奈良盆地進入後ただちに戦闘が起きたとする説もある。
- Some historian says that Kome told the gods' message within the day he became mute instead of three days later, and soon after Karakuni's army came into Nara Basin, the battle began.
- 古代インドの戦闘神であるが、インド・イラン共通時代における中央アジア、イラン方面の太陽神が起源とも言われる。
- It was a war god in ancient India and it is said to originate from the Sun god in the central and Iranian districts during the period of the Indo-Iranian language.
- 仏教が流布する以前の古代インドの鬼神、戦闘神、音楽神、動物神などが仏教に帰依し、護法善神となったものである。
- The ancient Indian gods such as the fierce god, the war god, the music god and the animal god, before the dissemination of Buddhism, came to believe in Buddhism and transformed to Goho zenjin (good deities protecting dharma).
- 合戦に限らず、人間と人間が生命を賭けて闘うというのは極めて異常な事態であり、特別な覚悟が求められるのである。
- It is quite an abnormal situation when people fight risking their lives, not just in battle, and they need to have a special determination.
- 開戦時での兵力や兵站は旧幕府軍が圧倒的に優勢であったが、小銃での戦闘に習熟した新政府軍に対応できず大敗した。
- At the beginning of the war, the former Shogunate forces were far superior in military strength and logistics, but later were severely defeated by the new government's forces accustomed to battle with rifles.
- その結果、戦国大名は軍事行動を行うための軍制整備の一環として、単独での戦闘が可能な備の編成を行う様になった。
- As a result, the Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku Period) began to organize sonae with independent battling capability, as part of a military system improvement in preparation for military actions.
- 細川氏が内部の権力闘争により弱体化すると、足利氏を補佐するという名目で、近江国の六角氏による介入が強まった。
- When the Hosokawa clan was weakened because of an internal struggle of power, the Rokkaku clan in Omi Province increased its interference under the pretext of assistance to the Ashikaga clan.
- 突き・蹴りのみならず、投げ技・組技・寝技なども取り入れ、いわゆる総合格闘技に近い形での試合を行う流派を指す。
- Sogo karate refers to karate organizations and circles that adopt mixed martial arts-style games, which incorporate not only striking and kicking arts but also throwing, sparring and grappling techniques.
- 1897年以降、ロシアの侵略政策が露骨になると独立協会は反露闘争を展開、国王の高宗に王宮に戻ることを要請した。
- After 1897, as Russia's aggressive policy was getting obvious, the Independence Club carried out an anti-Russia fight and demanded King Gao Zong to come back to the royal palace.
- これは、近世的な個人的武技に頼る戦闘では、近代戦において勝利を得るのが困難であることを理解していたからである。
- This is because they understood that an army depending on personal fighting ability like the one used in the early modern times would be difficult to win modern wars.
- 城主六角高頼、陣代山内政綱らは京都におり東西の戦闘に参加していたので、観音寺城の留守居役の伊庭行隆が迎え出た。
- The Rusuiyaku (guards of castles when the lords were absent) of Kannonji-jo Castle, Yukitaka IBA fought against him, because both the lord, Takayori ROKKAKU and the Jindai (representatives of lords), Masatsuna YAMANOUCHI were in Kyoto, fighting in the war.
- 実際の戦闘では毛利方の水軍の使用する焙烙玉・雑賀衆の使用する焙烙火矢の前に織田方の水軍は壊滅的な打撃を受けた。
- During the battle, horokudama (cooking-pot bombs), employed by the navy of Mori and horokubiya (cooking-pot fire arrows), employed by Saikashu (a group of local samurai from Kii Province, also on the Mori side) gave devastating damages to the navy of the Oda.
- または、本陣備中の騎馬隊組頭が足軽組を(明確なものではないが)指揮下に置く事で備の戦闘指揮官を務める事になる。
- Or, the captain of the cavalrymen within the army headquarters sonae served as the battle commander of the sonae by placing the foot soldiers (although not clear) under his command.
- しかし、律令体制下の軍団と武士団は、ともに戦闘目的の為に組織された集団であっても、それぞれ異なった実態である。
- Although the army and bushidan under the Ritsuryo system were groups both founded for battle, they were different.
- 同年11月、暗殺された伊東の遺体収容時、迎撃する新選組との乱闘を切り抜けて薩摩藩邸に保護される(油小路事件)。
- In November of the same year, when he went to retrieve the body of Ito who had been assassinated, he was attacked by Shinsengumi but survived the fight, and was sheltered in the residence of Satsuma Domain (Aburanokoji Incident).
- 積極的に戦っていたという話と、極力戦闘を避けて長州人を助けたというような話と、後世、正反対の証言が残っている。
- There were completely different stories, one that he fought actively and the other that he tried to avoid fighting and to help people of the Choshu clan.
- 1079年(承暦3)8月 美濃国で源国房と闘乱を起こした右兵衛尉源重宗(清和源氏満正流4代)を官命により追討。
- In August 1079, he was ordered by the Imperial Court to hunt down and kill Uhyoe no jo (officer of the Right Division of Middle Palace Guards), MINAMOTO no Shigemune (the fourth generation of the Mansei line of the Seiwa branch of the Minamoto clan) for causing the feud with MINAMOTO no Kunifusa in Mino Province.
- 湛快は熊野本宮にあって田辺に進出し別宮として新熊野社(現在の闘雞神社)を設け、日高郡進出の足がかりをつかんだ。
- While he served at the Kumano Hongu shrine, he founded a betsugu (shrine associated with the main shrine) named Imakumano-sha Shrine (present Tokei-jinja Shrine), thereby gaining ground to advance into Hidaka-gun.
- しかし、実行寸前で古高が新撰組に捕らえられ、計画に関与していた者の多くが池田屋事件で闘死、もしくは捕縛された。
- But immediately before the implementation of the plan, Furutaka was arrested by the Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate), and many of the people involved in the scheme were killed or arrested in what was known as the Ikedaya Incident.
- それを作者の自らの解釈を交えながら、乱による荒廃した都、その哀惜や悲嘆、乱の原因から戦闘場面に移る克明な描写。
- It depicts in vivid detail the devastated capital and the grieves and laments of war, from the causes to the scenes of fighting, while mixing in the author's own interpretations.
- その戦闘中に新政府軍は鈴の音を鳴らし、包囲したと思わせる行動をとり、自軍が包囲されたと思った土方軍は動揺した。
- During the battle, the army of the new government rang bells to trick the enemy into thinking that they were surrounded; HIJIKATA's army thought that they were surrounded and was upset.
- これ以降、源氏一族が権力闘争の中で次々に命を落とす中で、世間と隔絶した中で一人修行に励み、人々の尊崇を集めた。
- While the members of the Minamoto clan were killed one after another amid a struggle for supremacy, he devoted himself to religious practice completely isolated from the general world, and as a result he earned respect from many people.
- 激闘の末、弾薬が尽きた藤孝は自身のもつ「古今伝授の書」が戦火で忘却されるのを恐れ、それを後陽成天皇に献上した。
- Fujitaka, running out of ammunition after a fierce battle, worried that his 'Kokindenju no Sho' might be damaged and lost in the war, so he offered it to Emperor Goyozei.
- 当時、国衙は在地領主・田堵農民層との闘争でその支配体制が危機に瀕していたため、武力による補強が求められていた。
- At that time, military reinforcements were necessary because the organizational system of Kokuga was threatened by conflict between local landowners and the Tato farmer class.
- 戦闘用に野良着を改造したもので、前述の通り、闇に紛れるため色は黒ではなく茶色に近いものを着用していたとされる。
- It was a costume altered working clothe for fighting and it was not black but more like brown in order to lurk in the night.
- そんなある日、村上・中津川の策略にはめられた叔父の菅野六郎左衛門が、高田馬場で多勢に無勢の決闘に追い込まれる。
- One day, Rokurozaemon SUGANO, his uncle, falls into the snares of Murakami and Nakatsugawa and is forced to fight a duel at Takadanobaba, where he was outnumbered.
- 江戸時代に大きく発展したため、戦闘で着用する甲冑は前提とされず、平時の服装での斬り合いを想定している型が多い。
- As Kenjutsu developed considerably during the Edo period, most of kata (forms of Kenjutsu) were created under the assumption that the fight would be in a peaceful time between people wearing ordinary clothes, not a fight on a battlefield in which people would wear kacchu (armor).
- 決して、実際の戦闘で役立つ思想や哲学ではないが、高潔な人格を尊ぶ道徳性は、いつの時代にも必要とされるものである。
- It is not a way of thought or philosophy which is useful in actual battle, but is necessary in all ages, due to its morality in respecting those of noble character.
- 日露戦争中ではあるが、この条約が結ばれた時期には朝鮮半島での戦闘は終了し、韓国は事実上日本の占領下に入っていた。
- Although it was in the middle of the Russo-Japanese War, by the time this agreement was signed, the battle on the Korean Peninsula had ended and Korea was virtually under the rule of Japan.
- 若干のもみ合いを除けば学生と警官隊との衝突(乱闘)というような事態はなかったため、一人の逮捕者も発生しなかった。
- Also, as there were no clashes (brawls) between students and the police force with the exception of some jostles, no one was arrested.
- その後戦闘状態に突入したが、夜半から大雨がふり出し細川澄元、三好之長らは雨音にまぎれて阿波国へ落ち延びていった。
- Then, the two sides engaged in battle, but, as it began to rain heavily around midnight, Sumimoto HOSOKAWA, Yukinaga MIYOSHI and others ran away through the roaring sound of the heavy downpour to Awa Province.
- 近江国水口で宿の主と乱闘して取り押さえられ引き渡され、幕府の代官が茂勝だとわかり驚いたという逸話も残されている。
- There is also an anecdote which says that he was suppressed and handed down when he had a fight with the owner of the inn in Mizuguchi Omi Province, and the local governor of the bakufu was surprised to find out that it was Shigekatsu.
- この時代から鎌倉時代では、戦法は武士同士の一騎討ちが主で、戦闘の手段は主に弓、太刀、長巻、薙刀、鎧通しを用いた。
- From this period to the Kamakura period, mainly one-on-one battles by warriors, bows, swords, nagamaki, naginata (a long pole with a sharp curving sword), and yoroidoshi (dagger like thrusting blade for use against an armored opponent) were used in the battle.
- 関ヶ原では徳川家康に内応する吉川広家が前に居座って動かず、実際の戦闘には加わることが出来ないまま西軍は壊滅した。
- In Sekigahara, while he could not take part in the actual battle because Hiroie KIKKAWA, who took Ieyasu TOKUGAWA'S side, settled down in front of him, the Western forces were annihilated.
- 12月27日には徳川軍によって掛川城が包囲されたが、泰朝をはじめとした家臣たちの奮闘で半年近くの籠城戦となった。
- On December 27, Kakegawa-jo Castle was surrounded by the Tokugawa army, but senior vassals headed by Yasutomo and others struggled for almost half a year in a defensive battle in which they confined themselves within the castle.
- 『世界まる見え!テレビ特捜部』にて紹介された海外番組で科学的に解析した結果、忍術が世界最強の格闘技と証明された。
- According to the scientific analysis performed by a TV show abroad that was introduced in a Japanese TV show 'Sekai Marumie Terebi-tokusobu,' Ninjutsu was proven to be the world's fiercest martial art.
- そして、保元元年(1156年)に鳥羽が没した直後、崇徳と後白河の間で戦闘が起こり、後白河が勝利した(保元の乱)。
- Subsequently, immediately after Toba died in 1156, war broke out between Sutoku and Goshirakawa, and Goshirakawa won (in the Hogen Rebellion).
- この時代の海戦では非戦闘員の水手・梶取を射ることは戦の作法に反する行為だったが、義経はあえてその掟破りを行った。
- At this point in history, the shooting of noncombatants like navigators or oarsmen in a naval battle was considered against the etiquette of war, yet Yoshitsune dared to break this unwritten rule.
- 一方の尼子側は宇山久兼が私財をなげうって購入した兵糧を密かに間道から月山富田城に運び入れつつ、奮闘を続けていた。
- Meanwhile, the Amago side continued the battle by secretly carrying provisions Hisakane UYAMA had bought with his own money into Gassan Toda-jo Castle from a side road.
- ならばと全員で度胸試しに出かけると、綱の番になって門に入ると鬼に出会ってしまい、格闘の末、鬼の腕を切り落とした。
- They all rush out, eager to prove their mettle against the oni if the rumor of its presence are true, and it happened to be Tsuna's turn, so he entered under the gate, encountered the oni, and fought a duel with him, the end result of which was that he managed to slice off the oni's arm.
- 官軍との戦闘は5月9日に始まったが、5月15日には、破竹隊の赤塚源太郎以下1個中隊が官軍に下るという事件が起きた。
- On May 9, battles with the government army started, and on May 15, the incident occurred in which a company of the Hachiku-tai troop, including Gentaro AKAZUKA, surrendered to the government army.
- また佐藤進一はその戦闘様式の変化を、槍の登場と合わせて「悪党」や「溢者」を前身とする「武士」層の末広がりとされる。
- Furthermore, Shinichi SATO described that battle formation transformation as the last spread of the 'bushi' class that had 'akuto' (rebel or a villain in medieval times) and 'aburemono' (a good-for-nothing) as their predecessors.
- 野口は芹沢と行動を共にして、芹沢が引き起こした乱行である大坂力士の乱闘、大和屋焼き打ちに関与したと見なされている。
- It is considered that Noguchi was acting with Serizawa together and involved in the Osaka wrestlers brawl incident and the Yamatoya fire attack incident which Serizawa caused.
- 明治9年(1876年)には福岡県で興行を行っていた際に秋月の乱に遭遇し、力士と反乱氏族の戦闘になったが平定に活躍。
- In 1876 during the Fukuoka tournament, he faced Akizuki-no-ran War (turmoil of Akizuki) where sumo wrestlers fought against rebellious clans, and he played an active role in the suppression of the war.
- そして清正ら武闘派7将による石田三成襲撃事件が勃発した際には、秀家は佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)とともに三成を救出した。
- When Mitsunari ISHIDA was attacked by seven generals in the military government group, including Kiyomasa, Mitsunari was rescued by Hideie and Yoshinobu SATAKE (Ukyo no Daifu [Master of the Western Capital Offices]).
- この合戦で北畠氏は東軍についたが、教具は足利義政から上洛を許されず大和国長谷寺にいて洛中の戦闘には参加していない。
- The Kitabatake clan entered the war on the 'eastern' army side, but Noritomo, who was staying in Hasedera Temple at that time, did not participate in the war unfolded inside the capital, because Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA prohibited him from going to the capital.
- 以後、反対闘争は自由民権運動以後の「地租軽減運動」や初期帝国議会における「民力休養」論などに舞台を移すことになる。
- After this, the conflicts were taken over to 'the movement for land-tax reduction' following Jiyu Minken Undo and the theory for 'the reduction of people's tax burden' seen at an early stage of the Imperial Diet.
- 一方、庄内藩は官軍を撃退したが、奥羽越列藩同盟の崩壊に伴い戦闘を続けられなくなり、9月26日 (旧暦)に降伏した。
- Meanwhile, the Shonai Clan drove the Imperial army back but, they became unable to continue to fight with the Ouetsu-reppan alliance breaking down and surrendered on November 10, 1868.
- 大乗仏教時代に、その闘争的な性格から五趣の人と畜生の間に追加され、六道の一つである阿修羅道(修羅道)の主となった。
- With a combative character, it was added between human and chikusho (Buddhist realm of beasts) of Goshu in the Mahayana Buddhism period and became the master of Ashura-do, Asura realm (path of bellicose demons) which was one of Rokudo (six posthumous worlds).
- だが、この乱をきっかけにした戦闘は応仁の乱終結後も地方へと拡大し、関東の享徳の乱も更に10年近く戦いが継続された。
- However, the armed conflict that began in the Onin War spread out to more rural areas and continued even after the fighting petered out in the capital, and in Kanto, the Kyotoku Incident extended the bloodshed for almost ten additional years after the Onin War ended.
- しかし、非常に使い勝手が悪く、戦闘では主流な武器にはなれず、せいぜい農民が害獣を追い払うのに使用する程度であった。
- However, they were not made user-friendly to such an extent that they could not be used as a major weapon in fighting, being used only by farmers for expelling harmful animals.
- 幸い、東海道において官軍は一度の戦闘もなく江戸に到着し、4月11日(新暦5月3日)江戸城は無血のうちに開城される。
- Luckily the government army did not experience any battles until they reached Edo, the Edo castle was opened on April 11 without any bloodshed.
- これ以外にも闘茶の方法として「二種四服茶」・「四季茶」・「釣茶」・「六色茶」・「系図茶」・「源氏茶」などがあった。
- In addition, there were other kinds of tocha such as 'Four Cups of Tea of Two Kinds of Tea Leaf', 'Shiki-cha' (Tea of Four Seasons), 'Tsuri-cha' (literally, 'Classification of Tea'), 'Rokushoku-cha' (Tea of Six Colors), 'Keizu-cha' (Tea of Genealogical Chart), 'Genji-cha' (Tea of Genji), etc.
- 当時の公式記録としては、「井伊直弼は急病を発し暫く闘病、急遽相続願いを提出、受理されたのちに病死した」となっている。
- An official record of the time states that 'Naosuke II had a sudden illness and, while struggling with the disease, he submitted a request for his succession, which was accepted shortly before his death.'
- しかし、明治末年からの長い婦人運動苦闘の歴史を経て、日本女性の中には政治的権利を希求する意識が着実に醸成されていた。
- Nonetheless, the long struggle by women's movements since the last year of the Meiji period had led to a desire for political rights among Japanese women.
- この紫原(むらさきばる)方面の戦闘は鹿児島方面でおこなわれた最大の激戦で、官軍211名、薩軍66名の死傷者を出した。
- This battle fought in the Murasakibaru area was the most furiously fought one in the Kagoshima area, and the government army had casualties of 211 and the Satsuma army had those of 66.
- かつては元軍の集団戦術、いわゆる組織戦闘に対して、当時の日本側は一騎打ちを基本とした戦い方をしていたと言われていた。
- It used to be said that Japan at that time fought basically by means of one-to-one battle against the Yuan army which fought in organized groups.
- 複雑な地形での機動や備単位での迂回、行軍隊形から戦闘隊形への即座転換などをこなす事ができるが、正面衝力は大きく劣る。
- It also allowed mobility and enabled individual units to take a detour on complex land formations, as well as instantaneous transition from the marching formation to a battling array, but its impact of head-on collisions was quite inferior.
- 皇室にもたびたび絵を献上し、太平洋戦争中には自らが売却した絵の代金を戦闘機の制作費用として軍に寄付するなどしていた。
- He frequently presented his paintings to the Imperial Family, and during the Pacific War he contributed the proceeds from the sale of his own paintings to the military for the manufacture of fighter planes.
- しかし、すでに内紛で弱体化していた三好軍は内部統率すら執れる状況ではなく、ほとんど織田軍と戦闘することなく敗走した。
- However, the Miyoshi's army had already became weak due to the internal conflict and they could not control their army, and lost without really fighting against the Oda army.
- 同年禁門の変をが発生、その報復として二度も長州征伐が試みられたが、幕府は将軍の徳川家茂を病で失い、戦闘でも敗北した。
- In the same year, the Kinmon Rebellion took place and the shogunate government twice attempted to attack the Choshu clan in retribution for the rebellion, but was defeated following the loss of their leader, Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA, through illness.
- また、17世紀の武術家の名前が何人か伝えられているが、彼らがいかなる格闘技をしていたのか、その実態は明らかではない。
- Also, the names of a handful of seventeenth-century martial artists have been passed on by word of mouth, but there are no clear descriptions of what kinds of martial arts they practiced.
- 当初は、座頭級の役者の紹介は、「連ね」という長い科白を言い合ったり、一対一で乱闘したりするなど、素朴なものであった。
- Initially, the introduction of zagashira-class actors took the simple forms of each making a long speech, called 'tsurane,' or fighting violently between two actors.
- 慶長19年(1614年)11月19日 (旧暦)、戦闘は木津川口の砦においてはじまる(木津川口の戦い (1614年))。
- On November 19 (the old calendar), 1614, a combat began in the fort of Kizugawa-guchi (the Battle of Kizugawaguchi, 1614).
- ここに両軍入り乱れた最終決戦が行われ、奮闘虚しく金子元宅はじめ金子軍の武将はことごとく討ち果て毛利軍の勝利と終わった。
- Both sides fought the final battle in disarray, in which Motoie KANEKO and all military commanders (busho) of the Kaneko side, who had struggled in vain, were killed, and the Mori side emerged victorious.
- 千石堀城に籠るのは城将大谷左大仁以下根来衆の精鋭千四、五百人、他に婦女子など非戦闘員が四、五千人加わっていたとされる。
- It is said that 1,400-1,500 elite units of Negoro shu including the castle commander Sadahito OTANI (大谷左大仁) and 4,000-5,000 noncombatants including women and children took refuge in Sengokubori-jo Castle.
- 師直は直義と性格的に正反対だったこともあって直義との対立が次第に深まっていき、幕府を二分する権力闘争へと発展していく。
- The conflict arose from the opposite personalities of Moronao and Tadayoshi, with strife over authority dividing the bakufu into two groups.
- さらに、家信の在世中に荒木又右衛門、河合又五郎の鍵屋の辻の決闘があり、敵討ちが終わった後、式部家にお預けとなっていた。
- In addition, while Ienobu was still alive, a duel called 'Kagiya no Tsuji no Ketto' (the Duel at the Key-Maker's Corner) was fought between Mataemon ARAKI and Matagoro KAWAI; after Mataemon struck down his enemy, he was was placed in the custody of the Shikibu family.
- そのため、南岸確保に城付きの4人の武将の内として長光寺城に配属され、下旬には戦闘となったが、佐久間信盛と共に撃退した。
- Therefore he was deployed in Chokoji-jo Castle as one of the four busho in charge of the castle to secure the south shore; the battle started in July, and he and Nobumori SAKUMA fought them off.
- 金州・普蘭店・熊岳城を経て明治28年1月10日蓋平城を攻略、2月24日小平山の戦闘に参加し3月6日には営口を攻撃する。
- They went through Jinzhou, Pulandian and Xiongyuecheng, and January 10, 1895, captured Gaipingcheng; then on February 24, he took part in the battle of Xiaopingshan, and on March 6, attacked Yingkou.
- 養父・範長は赤松氏によって自害させられ、本人も戦闘中に気を失ってしまい、居合わせた甥の機転によって辛うじて逃げ延びた。
- His foster father Norinaga was forced to kill himself by the Akamatsu clan, and also, Takanori fainted during a battle, but his nephew's quick thinking made it possible for him to get out of the battle.
- 芹沢は大坂で力士と乱闘事件を引き起こし、京都で乱暴狼藉を繰り返したことが朝廷の怒りを買い会津藩に召捕りの命が下された。
- In Osaka, SERIZAWA caused a fight with a sumo wrestler, and his repeated violent activities in Kyoto angered the imperial court, which ordered his arrest.
- 10月17日富士川の戦いの前日、当時の戦闘の作法として武田軍が維盛の陣に送ってきた書状には下記のように書かれてあった。
- On October 17, the day before the Battle of Fujigawa, the Takeda army sent a letter to Koremori's camp, following the rules of warfare of that time, which said as follows:
- また、この濃尾平野の勢力は、魏志倭人伝に記載のある倭の女王卑弥呼の邪馬台国と闘った狗奴国との関係を想定する学者もいる。
- Some scholars also link the forces in the Nobi Plain with the Kina-koku Kingdom, which fought against the Yamatai-koku Kingdom ruled by Himiko, the queen of Wa-koku (that is, the oldest recorded name for Japan), described in Gishiwajinden (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in 'The History of the Wei Dynasty').
- 室町時代においては、飲んだ水の産地を当てる闘水という遊戯から、闘茶という、飲んだ茶の銘柄を当てる一種の博打が流行した。
- During the Muromachi period, there was a gambling game called Tocha (tea competition), where participants were made to guess the tea brand and place of production developed from the game Tosui (water competition).
- 郎党は、武士と同身分であるとは言い切れないものの、在地武士と同様に騎乗する権利を持ち、戦闘に参加する義務を負っていた。
- Roto could not be declared as having equal status to samurai but had the right to ride a horse like local samurai and the obligation to participate in battles.
- 奇兵隊などの諸隊は1863年(文久3年)の下関戦争の後に藩に起用された高杉晋作らの発案によって組織された戦闘部隊である。
- Those several Choshu Domain's troops including Kiheitai Army were organized by the proposer Shinsaku TAKASUGI who was chosen to be one of the retainer of Choshu Domain after Shimonoseki War in 1863.
- 妙見山に布陣していた河上は生野の町で闘死しようとするが、騙されたと怒った農民たちが「偽浪士」と罵って彼らに襲いかかった。
- Kawakami who was on Mt. Myoken with his men for the battle formation, tried to die heroically in Ikuno Town, but the farmers, who thought they had been deceived, got angry, execrated them as 'fake roshi' and attacked them.
- 城主不在にもかかわらず城兵は健闘し敵を寄せ付けなかったが、やがて城内で一部の兵が裏切り敵を手引きしたため奮戦空しく落城。
- Despite the fact that the lord of the castle was absent, the garrison fought very spiritedly and prevented the enemy from drawing close, but soon after one portion of the garrison betrayed their comrades, switched sides and guided the attackers into the castle, rendering vain all the hard fighting and making surrender inevitable.
- 弓削の戦いで六角高頼に敗れた、六角政暁と京極持清の連合軍は雪辱を果たすべく、第一次観音寺城の戦いに続き戦闘準備を整えた。
- The allied forces of Masaaki ROKKAKU and Mochikiyo KYOGOKU, who were defeated by Takayori ROKKAKU in the Battle of Yuge, prepared for action after the first battle of Kannonji-jo Castle so as to avenge their defeat at that battle.
- 筒井勢などは傘下の大和衆・伊賀衆を合わせて八千人で戦闘に臨んだが、城兵の銃撃の前に死傷者は数千人に上り、進撃を阻まれた。
- Among the 8,000 soldiers of the Tsutsui troops including its followers Yamato shu and Iga shu, several thousand soldiers were killed or injured by the shooting of the castle soldiers and could not progress.
- 決闘の場所の場所を五条の大橋とするのは、明治の伽噺作家の巌谷小波(いわやさざなみ)の書いた「日本昔噺」によるものである。
- The venue of their fight at Gojo-Ohashi Bridge was first created in 'Nihon Mukashibanashi' (the Ancient Tales of Japan), authored by nursery tale writer Sazanami IWAYA in the Meiji period.
- その八代国治は、『吾妻鏡』の価値について、原と同じように政権闘争史に関する史料としては、一等史料として信用し難いとする。
- Like Hara, Kuniji YASHIRO also considered that as a first-class historical material concerning the history of a struggle for political power, it is hard to believe 'Azuma Kagami.'
- 幕府軍との戦闘においては、兄弟の信能とともに芋洗方面の守備に就くが、敗戦が明らかになると乱軍の中を脱出し行方不明となる。
- When fighting with the army of bakufu, Soncho and his brother Nobuyoshi defended the Imoarai district, but upon the realization of their defeat, he cut himself loose from the battalion and was on the run.
- 日本の相撲以外の多くの相撲系の格闘技は、レスリングにおけるフォールのように、相手の背中が地面に着かないと勝ちにならない。
- In many sumo-like Japanese fighting sports except for sumo, a player wins if his or her opponent's back touches the ground just like a fall in wrestling.
- 翌3月2日、織田軍30000余は総攻撃を開始し、仁科盛信や小山田昌行らは少数ながらも勇戦奮闘し、織田軍と激闘を繰り広げた。
- On March 2, 1582, the Oda army of about 30,000 soldiers launched an all-out attack, and Morinobu NISHINA and Masayuki OYAMADA bravely fought against the Oda army, fighting fierce battles despite their small numbers.
- 織田信長は比叡山焼き討ち (1571年)では非戦闘員も含む3,000名を殺害していることから、単なる脅しとは思えなかった。
- As Nobunaga ODA had killed 3,000 persons including noncombatants in the fire attack against Mt. Hiei (1571), it did not seem just a threat.
- 7月には柳本に戦闘機隊が進出し、乙飛行隊の海軍乙航空隊近畿海軍航空隊司令部が置かれるなど、柳本は増強の一途をたどっていた。
- In July, the fighting troops moved to Yanagimoto, and Yanagimoto was increasingly reinforced with the Headquarter of the Kinki Naval Air Corps of Naval Otsu Air Corps of Otsu Air Corps.
- 以前には、こうした例は、戦闘の際に矢を何本も射込まれて、やっと倒れた人物と解釈されることが多く、「英雄」などとも呼ばれた。
- Previously, these examples were interpreted as a person who fell in a battle after being shot with many arrows and the person was called a 'Hero.'
- 平将門が一族の私闘から国家への反逆に走って最後に討ち取られるまでと、死後に地獄から伝えたという「冥界消息」が記されている。
- The book chronicles TAIRA no Masakado's downward spiral from intra-family strife to full-fledged rebellion against the state, also depicting his final moments and death and even beyond, recording as it does the so-called 'message from the underworld' he is said to have sent after his death from hell.
- 戦闘の後、落ち延びる長州勢は長州藩屋敷に火を放ち逃走、会津勢も長州藩士の隠れているとされた中立売御門付近の家屋を攻撃した。
- After the battle, the Choshu forces, who managed to escape, set fire to the Choshu estate in Kyoto and fled, while the Aizu forces attacked an estate near the Nakadachiuri Gate, thought to be where Choshu soldiers were hiding.
- 茶の湯は、南北朝時代に行われていた闘茶や茶寄合が、東山時代に村田珠光により侘び茶が開始され、戦国時代に千利休が完成させる。
- Regarding the tea ceremony, the tocho (tea leaf contests) and cha yoriai (tea parties) held in the Northern and Southern Court period developed, thanks to Shuko MURATA, into wabicha (a tea ceremony characterized by an affecting rusticity and simplicity) in the Higashiyama period, which was perfected by Sen no Rikyu in the Sengoku period.
- なお、敵討は決闘であるため、敵とされる側にもこれを迎え撃つ正当防衛が認められており、殺害した場合は「返り討ち」と呼ばれる。
- Because Katakiuchi was a duel, it was allowed for the target of the revenge, or the opponent, to act in self-defense by a counterattack; if the opponent killed the avenging party, this was called 'Kaeriuchi.'
- 戦国大名は、ほぼ恒常的に相互間の戦闘を繰り返すとともに、領国内の土地や人を一円支配(一元的な支配)する傾向を強めていった。
- Sengoku daimyo repeated battles among them almost constantly and strengthened the tendency to rule monitically (centralized control) land and people in their own territory.
- 1936(昭和11)年日活製作の映画『赤西蠣太』では、原田甲斐役の片岡千恵蔵が、本作の刃傷の場を意識した乱闘を演じている。
- In 'Capricious Young Man' (Akanishi Kakita), a film produced by Nikkatsu Corporation in 1936, Chiezo KATAOKA playing Kai HARADA performed a battle scene influenced by the scene of Attack of this play.
- 甲冑武者同士の戦闘は最終的には組討による決着に至ることが多く、ここにおける技法が組討術であり後の柔術の源流の一つとなった。
- Fighting between heavily-armored samurai often finally came to an end by grappling, and grappling skills employed in such fighting became one of the origins of Jujutsu (one of the classical Japanese martial arts).
- 父の代に新発田藩を放逐となり浪人していたが、高田馬場の決闘での活躍により、堀部弥兵衛の婿養子となり、赤穂浅野家の家臣となる。
- Although his family was expelled from Shibata Domain in his father's time and he was simply a wandering ronin (masterless samurai), his performance in the duel at Takadanobaba was so impressive that he was adopted as a son-in-law by Yahei HORIBE and became a vassal of the Ako Asano family.
- 享和2年(1802年)12月にも百姓による年貢軽減を求める一揆が発生し、織田軍と百姓との間で乱闘による死傷者が多数出ている。
- A riot broke out also in December 1802, demanding reduction in rice levy, and ended with heavy casualties both among the Oda force and the farmers.
- 一騎討ちの例は実はそれほど多くはないとされるが、基本的に、騎馬武者による弓射戦が戦闘の基本形態であり、個人戦がベースである。
- There were not many examples of single-hand to hand combat, cavalry with archers were the basic battle formation based on battles between individuals.
- 三木三郎や加納鷲雄、富山弥兵衛、篠原泰之進らが逃走したが、ただ一人武装していた服部は、塀を背にして最期まで孤軍奮闘している。
- While Saburo MIKI, Washio KANO, Yahei TOYAMA and Tainoshin SHIMOHARA escaped, Hattori, the only one who was armed, fought alone till his last breath with his back to a wall.
- このように、弓・火器、槍、刀剣の間合いに続く格闘において、微力でもって剛強の人を組み伏せた時の形状などが集められ研究された。
- In this manner, information began to be collected on the proper timing and distance at which to use bows, firearms, spears, and swords, as well as information on battles themselves and on methods allowing wrestlers without great strength to pin strong opponents on the ground.
- 関東各地の後北条氏のほとんどの支城は本城である小田原城よりも先に陥落したが、忍城では小田原開城後の7月初旬まで戦闘が続いた。
- Most of the Gohojo clan's subsidiary castles in the Kanto area had fallen prior to Odawara Castle, which was the main castle, but even after the surrender of Odawara Castle the attack on Oshi Castle continued till early July 1590.
- 家系からすれば天皇家の嫡流でもあったが、祖父と父が権力闘争に敗れたこともあり臣籍降下して兄在原行平らとともに在原氏を名乗る。
- Narihira was a direct-line descendent of the Imperial Family, but entered civillian life and took the clan name of Ariwara with his older brother, ARIWARA no Yukihira, after his grandfather and father had been defeated in power struggles.
- なお五趣説では認めないが、六道説では、常に闘う心を持ち、その精神的な境涯・状態の者が住む世界、あるいはその精神境涯とされる。
- Though it is not recognized in the theory of Goshu (Five Realms), in the theory of Rokudo it refers to the world in which people with fighting spirit at any time live in such mental condition, or refers to such a mental condition.
- たとえ相手が完全に戦闘力を失ったかのように見えてもそれは擬態である可能性もあり、油断した隙を突いて反撃が来ることが有り得る。
- Even if the opponent seems to have lost fighting power completely, it can be camouflage, and the opponent may return the attack by taking advantage of one's being off guard.
- 具体的には力士に対し健闘を称えたり芸妓の技芸や旅館の仲居の接客に対し、非日常(ハレ)を演出してくれる事に対する感謝でもある。
- Some specific situations include showing gratitude to Sumo wrestlers for a good show, to geisha for their performance or to nakai (waitresses in a ryokan or traditional restaurant) for offering extraordinary (Hare) service.
- 百錬鉄火 - 鎬を削るような厳しい訓練や戦闘の数々という意味で、軍国主義にあった時代に、百戦錬磨に掛けて使われた言葉である。
- Hyakuren Tekka - is a word that was used to describe various hard trainings and battles in which people engage with a fierce struggle, and it was used during the period of militarism, playing on words linked with hyakusen renma (experiencing various battles to become battle-wised).
- ただ、公家日記によると京都周辺で落武者狩りが行われ、60名前後が捕縛、処刑されたとあるので、小規模な戦闘はあったと思われている
- Judging from the description in kuge-nikki (noblemen's diaries) that 'the hunt for defeated warriors began around Kyoto and some sixty warriors were arrested and executed,' it could be considered that there was a small-scale battle.
- 一連の戦闘によって北信濃の武田氏勢力は拡大し、長尾氏の有力な盟友であった高梨氏は本拠地中野(善光寺平北部)を失って弱体化する。
- Through the series of the fights, the territory of the Takeda clan in the northern Shinano area expanded, and the Takanashi clan, which was a powerful sworn ally of the Nagao clan, declined, losing Nakano (in the northern part of Zenkoji-daira) that was its main area.
- 何度かの戦闘の結果、新羅は再び唐の冊封を受け、唐は現在の清川江以南の領土を新羅へ与えるという形式をとって両者の和睦が成立した。
- As a result of several battles, Silla became a vassal under the Tang Dynasty again, and the two parties reached a reconciliation by Tang giving the territory south of Seisenko River.
- 1285年(弘安8年)11月に得宗家執事(内管領)平頼綱と、外戚安達泰盛との権力闘争が霜月騒動となってあらわれ安達一族が滅ぶ。
- In November, 1285, the November Disturbance between TAIRA no Yoritsuna, under secretary (Inner regent) of the Tokuso family, Yasumori ADACHI, a maternal relative, struggling for power, and the Adachi family was ended.
- 織田氏の処置は、本願寺などの諸勢力との闘いが続く中で、毛利氏との軋轢を一時的に軽減するための政治的な目的があったと考えられる。
- It seems that the Oda clan took the foregoing actions with the political objective of temporarily alleviating friction with the Mori clan, under circumstances in which they were engaged in ongoing conflicts on several fronts, such as that of Hongan-ji Temple.
- 子だくさんだったが、鉄幹の詩の売れ行きは悪くなる一方で、彼が大学教授の職につくまで夫の収入がまったくあてにならず孤軍奮闘した。
- Akiko and Tekkan had many children, but sales of Tekkan's poetry kept falling, so she worked very hard as the sole bread-winner until her husband gained a position as a college professor.
- それは、身分の低い、例えば同朋衆が、連歌や闘茶などの遊びの際に同席して、同じ空間を共有できる場として、会所があったからである。
- It was because Kaisho was a place where people of lower status, such as Doboshu, could attend the games of renga and Tocha (Tea Gambling where the player had to guess the tea brand) and share the same space.
- 北条氏得宗家(宗家)最後の当主北条高時が闘犬や犬追物にはまって政治を省みなくなり、鎌倉幕府滅亡の原因となったとする伝説がある。
- Legend has it that Inuoumono was the reason of the down fall of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) because the last head of the Tokuso Family of the Hojo clan (Soke, [head of family, originator]), Takatoki HOJO, devoted himself in dogfights and Inuoumono then neglected the politics.
- 一方で、剣道の戦闘方法に精神美を求め至上の価値を置く「復興された武士道」思想は、日本人が近代戦を本質的に理解することを妨げた。
- On the other hand, the thought of a 'restored Bushido (the way of the samurai)' which sought spiritual beauty and found supreme value in the fighting method of Kendo, interfered with Japan's essential understanding of modern warfare.
- 結果として鎮圧側につくことでこれらの目的を達成しようとする者が雪崩的に増加し、叛乱的な条件闘争を図った側を圧倒して乱は終結した。
- There was a great increase in the number of Samurai working with the Imperial army; the Samurai that sided with the rebels were outnumbered, thus putting an end to the conflict.
- 上総国の江戸時代初期の石高から鎌倉時代初期の石高を概算しても、『源平闘諍録』の1千騎(約3千名)ぐらいが実状に近いと推定される。
- It is conjectured that the closest number to reality would be 1,000 warriors on horseback (about 3,000 people) as depicted in 'Genpei Tojo-roku,' roughly estimated from the crop of rice yielded in the Kazusa Province from the early Edo period to the early Kamakura period.
- 観応の擾乱(かんのうのじょうらん)は、南北朝時代 (日本)の1350年-1352年の観応年間に頂点に達した室町幕府内の権力闘争。
- The Kanno Disturbance was a power struggle within the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) that reached its height during the Kanno era from 1350 to 1352 of the Northern and Southern Court period.
- 後半は主に出羽において戦闘が継続したが、伊治呰麻呂らの協力もあり、宝亀9年(778年)までには反乱は一旦収束したと考えられている。
- Although fighting continued mainly in the Dewa province for the last half of this period, most rebellions by Emishi/Ezo people are considered to have ceased by 778, partly thanks to the collaboration of IJI no Azamaro and others.
- 三方ヶ原の戦いの際の信盛の「戦意喪失」の末の逃亡は、真正面から戦闘をした家康や平手汎秀らの武士としての姿勢とは程遠いものがあった。
- Nobumori's escape after 'losing the will to fight' at the Battle of Mikatagahara was far from the attitude of samurai which Ieyasu and Hirohide HIRATE took to face the battle from the front.
- 後三年の役は清原氏の私闘とされ、何の恩賞もなく清衡にも官位の賞与も無かったが、一族最後の残存者として奥六郡を領する勢力者となった。
- Go Sannen no Eki was considered as a private battle between the members of the Kiyohara clan, and no reward nor court rank was awarded to Kiyohira, but he became a powerful man possessing six counties in Mutsu Province as the last survivor of the family.
- また、戦闘描写などもいくつかカットされており、これは『今昔』がこの作品の細部よりも、物語の流れに興味を持っていたことを示している。
- Several descriptions of battles are also omitted, showing that 'Konjaku' is more involved in the flow of the narrative than the details of 'Mutsuwa-ki.'
- 逆にこの「小路騒動(こうじそうどう)」と呼ばれた闘争を契機に藩論が一気に尊皇倒幕へと統一され、在郷家臣団を含む倒幕軍が結成された。
- This battle known as the 'Koji disorder' had the unintended effect of unifying opinion in the domain behind pro-imperialism, and an army was organized for the overthrow of the bakufu and their subordinates in the region.
- 10代菊池武房は文永の役・弘安の役に際して、鎌倉幕府から博多に召集され、一族郎党を率いて元 (王朝)軍と戦闘を交え敵を討ち取った。
- The 10th head, Takefusa KIKUCHI was called from the Kamakura bakufu to be Hakata to participate in Bunei War and Koan War, and fought against the army of Yuan leading the whole family and defeated the enemy.
- 闘茶の全盛期であった南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代初期にかけて最も盛んに行われたのが、四種十服茶(ししゅじつぷくちゃ)であった。
- Shishu Jippuku-cha (tea competition, with ten cups of tea of four kinds of leaf) was most popular in the golden age of tocha from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the early Muromachi period.
- しかし、1973年、空手はソ連政府によって、他の武道などとともに突然禁止され、代わってサンボ (格闘技)が推奨されるようになった。
- However, in 1973, karate--together with other martial arts--was abruptly banned by the Kremlin, and Sambo (martial art) was encouraged instead.
- 今日の空手は打撃技を主体とする格闘技であるが、沖縄古来の空手には取手(トゥイティー、とりて)と呼ばれる関節技や投げ技も含んでいた。
- The modern karate is a combat sport characterized mainly by a striking art, but the traditional Okinawan karate embraced grappling techniques called 'toitee, or torite,' as well as throwing techniques.
- 世界各地に棒状の武器を使用する戦闘技法が過去に存在または伝来しており、それを日本では日本武術の棒術と類似するため棒術の語をあてる。
- Martial techniques using a stick-shaped weapon existed or were introduced in various places across the world, which are called Bojutsu in Japanese because of the similarity to Bojutsu in Japanese martial arts.
- 旧日本陸軍の銃剣術は、現在は競技武道の銃剣道となり、陸上自衛隊で、戦後に制定された自衛隊銃剣格闘とともに戦技として訓練されている。
- The jukenjutsu of the former Japanese Army became jukendo (the martial art using the bayonet), which is a kind of Kyogi Budo (athletic martial arts) now and is performed as a training of combat techniques at the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) together with the Self-Defense Force 銃剣格闘 (bayonet drill and combat techniques).
- このため、鎖鎌術を伝授する流派では、鎖分銅をかわされた場合の戦闘を考慮した(鎌の部分を利用した)接近戦戦闘法を繰り返し稽古している。
- For this reason, pupils in schools teaching the art of the kusarigama repeatedly practice a close quarters combat style (utilizing the portion of kama) that takes into account situations in which the opponent has managed to dodge the chain weight.
- 武士道は個人的戦闘者の生存術としての武士道であり、武名を高めることにより自己および一族郎党の発展を有利にすることを主眼に置いている。
- Bushido is a way of survival as an individual fighter, which focuses on developing oneself and the family, bringing them an advantage by achieving military renown.
- 日本軍が白兵戦を重視し始めたのは、第一次世界大戦の研究を通じて採用された浸透戦術によって、白兵戦闘が多発すると予見されてからである。
- The Japanese Army started placing importance on hand-to-hand fights when it was predicted that hand-to-hand fights would occur frequently when the infiltration strategy, employed through a study on the First World War, was to be used.
- 台湾で抗日武力闘争が発生していた時期、総督府は武力による鎮圧以外にその統治体制を確立し、教育の普及による撫民政策をあわせて実施した。
- During the armed anti-Japanese movement that was taking place in Taiwan, the Sotoku-fu tried to establish a ruling system other than suppression by armed forces and it implemented the policy to pacify the Taiwanese people through the spread of education.
- 神官や儒者は思想上の問題から、戦闘にかかわる意思がないことを誇示するために、武士の印であった月代を剃らないでそのまま髪を残していた。
- Shinto priests and Confucians, in order to show that they had no intention to fight for ideological reasons, did not make Sakayaki (shaved forehead), which was a symbol of samurai (warriors), and retained their hair.
- 将門のこれまでの戦いは、あくまで一族との「私闘」であったが、この事件により不本意ながらも朝廷に対して反旗を翻すかたちになってしまう。
- The conflicts that Masakado had in the past were 'internal family conflicts', but now he was becoming a threat to the Imperial Court against his will.
- 歴史学では刀狩令や海上賊船禁止令、喧嘩停止令など、私闘を抑制する一連の法令と併せて豊臣平和令(とよとみへいわれい)と呼ぶ場合もある。
- In the discipline of history, Sobuji-rei is sometimes referred to as one of Toyotomi heiwa-rei (Toyotomi's peace edicts), a series of edicts to control personal conflicts such as Katanagari-rei (an edict prohibiting peasants from possessing arms), Kaijo kaizokusen kinshi-rei (an edict outlawing pirates), and kenka teishi-rei (an edict prohibiting fights and violence with weapons).
- 薩軍は勇戦し、4月9日、再び隈府に攻め入った官軍を撃退したが、弾丸・武器の不足によりこれ以上の戦闘を不可能と考え、赤星坂へ撤退した。
- On April 9, the Satsuma army bravely fought and drove off the government army that invaded Waifu again, but according to the judgment that it could not keep on fighting due to lack of bullets and arms, it retreated to Akahoshizaka.
- そうした事情もあってか、保元の乱(1156年)に際しても、はじめ上洛して父為義の指揮下に入りながらも、実際の戦闘には参加していない。
- It might be due such circumstances that he did not take part in the actual battles during the Hogen Disturbance in 1156, even though at first he went up to Kyoto and was under the command of his father Tameyoshi.
- 通信手段が未発達な古代にあって朝鮮半島で戦うには、司令部は前線近くの北部九州に置かなければ戦闘に間に合う適切な判断や指示は下せない。
- To fight on the Korean Peninsula in ancient times without communications, the headquarters would require to be placed in northern Kyushu close to the battlefront, otherwise, timely and proper measures or orders for battle couldn't be carried out.
- 重源が再建した大仏殿は、戦国時代 (日本)の永禄10年(1567年)、三好三人衆との戦闘で松永久秀によって再び焼き払われてしまった。
- The Great Buddha Hall reconstructed by Chogen was once again burnt to the ground by Hisahide MATSUNAGA in his conflict with the miyoshi sanninshu (three chief retainers of the Miyoshi clan) in 1567 during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
- 翌4日も戦闘が続き、5日になると明治天皇が小松宮彰仁親王に錦の御旗を与え(岩倉具視が偽造したという説もある)、新政府軍が官軍となる。
- The battle continued on the following day (January 28), and on January 29, Emperor Meiji granted the Imperial standard to Imperial Prince Komatsunomiya Akihito (some believe Tomomi IWAKURA forged it); consequently, the new government's forces became the Imperial forces.
- 武士たちのぶつかり合いによる戦闘という戦場の一般的なイメージの裏で、雑兵たちは戦闘以上に「乱取り」と呼ばれる略奪行為に熱中していた。
- In the back of this general image of battlefields, battles by struggling samurai zohyo, were keen on depredation called 'randori' than battle.
- 更に村田珠光・武野紹鴎・千利休によって侘び茶が形成されていくと、闘茶は享楽的な娯楽・賭博として茶道から排除されるようになっていった。
- As wabicha (literally, 'poverty tea style'; known as the tea ceremony) was established by Juko MURATA, Joo TAKENO, and SEN no Rikyu, tocha, which was regarded as a luxurious entertainment or gambling at the time, came to be excluded from Japanese tea ceremony.
- 小倉口では、総督・小笠原長行が指揮する九州諸藩と高杉晋作、山縣有朋ら率いる長州藩との戦闘(小倉戦争)が関門海峡をはさんで数度行われた。
- In Kokura-guchi, the alliance of Kyushu domains lead by the commander Nagamichi OGASAWARA and the Choshu clan lead by Shinsaku TAKASUGI and Aritomo YAMAGATA had several armed contacts across the Kanmon-kaikyo Strait (Ogura War).
- 江戸時代の軍役令によると、大名は幕府の命に応じて表高1万石あたり概ね2百人程度の軍勢(非戦闘員を含む)を動員する義務を課せられていた。
- The order of military service issued by bakufu in the Edo period enforced daimyo to mobilize about 200 people (including noncombatants) for every 10,000 koku of omote-daka (kokudaka officially recognized by the Edo bakufu).
- 朝廷の年中行事のほか、鴨川 (淀川水系)の川原で繰り広げられる飛礫合戦、広場での闘鶏、稲荷祭や今宮祭など当時の庶民の姿も活写している。
- In addition to the annual events held at the Imperial Court, it vividly features the common people at that time in stone-throwing fight held around the field of Kamo-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system), in cockfighting held in the open space, in Inari Festival, or in Imamiya Festival.
- 当初は朝鮮は戦後には支配下に繰り入れられるべき領土であり、日本の国内戦同様に非戦闘員である民衆は保護の対象であり殺戮は禁止されていた。
- At the beginning, it was understood that Korea was a territory that should be included in the territories under control of Japan and, same as a war in Japan, common people who were noncombatants should be the object of protection and it was prohibited to kill them.
- ここに至り、田堵負名層らによる対受領闘争(「凶党」行為)はほとんど見られなくなり、代わって荘園と公領間の相論・武力紛争が頻発し始めた。
- Then the conflicts in which persons of the Tato fumyo class fought against zuryo ('gangster'-like acts) almost ceased, and instead, disputes and armed conflicts between manors and Koryo (an Imperial demesne) began occurring frequently.
- 配置についてから敵軍と盛んに戦ったのは坂本財らの部隊で、鴨蝦夷の部隊が戦闘に加わったかどうかは不明だが、5日には敵に圧倒されて退いた。
- In the records, the description of the fight between Emishi's troop and the enemy is not found; one of the troops sent by Fukei was led by SAKAMOTO no Takara, and they had a bitter fight with the enemy, then, on July 5 (in old lunar calendar), all the troops sent by Fukei had to retreat once, so Emishi's troop is considered to have retreated at the same time.
- 鎌倉時代にはこうした意図的な戦闘行為を故戦(こせん)、それに対する防衛を防戦(ぼうせん)と呼び、これらを一括して「故戦防戦」と呼んだ。
- In the Kamakura period this deliberate conduct of hostilities was called kosen (intentional war) and defensive action was called bosen (defensive war), and they were collectively known as 'kosen-bosen'.
- 複数の上皇が併存することもあったが、治天となりうるのは1人のみであり、治天の地位を巡って上皇・天皇同士の闘争さえ発生した(保元の乱)。
- Although there were times when some retired emperors existed, only one person was called Chiten, there was even an incidents of fighting between a retired emperor and the emperor to take the position of Chiten (the Hogen War).
- しかし、明治になってから永倉新八が残した回想録には、法度「禁令」という物があり ここには「私ノ闘争ヲ不許」を欠く4ヵ条が示されている。
- However, in the memoirs left by Shinpachi NAGAKURA in the Meiji era there is mention of a Hatto 'Prohibition,' consisting of 4 Articles, excluding 'One shall not be allowed to engage in a private battle.'
- 嘉応元年(1169年)、尾張の知行国主・藤原成親の目代が日吉神社の神人と闘争事件を起こしたため、延暦寺は成親の流罪を要求して強訴する。
- In 1169 when the Lord of Owari Province, a local magistrate of FUJIWARA no Narichika, started a fight against Shito priest in Hie-jinja Shrine, Enryaku-ji Temple strongly demanded Narichika be banished.
- 戦闘において圧倒的な強さを示した連合軍であったが、その後の占領地支配には手を焼き、中国の領土支配の困難さに嫌でも気づかざるを得なかった。
- The allied army showed extreme strength during battles, but they found occupation challenging, and were made aware of the difficulty in conquering Chinese territory.
- 例として、十津川郷士の一人中井庄五郎が友人の土佐脱藩士と、京の四条の川畔を酔って歩いてた際、酒の勢いで刀を抜いて乱闘になったことがある。
- For example, Shogoro NAKAI, one of Totsukawa goshi, was walking the path along a river in Shijo of Kyoto with his friend who had left Tosa Domain; they were drunk and outran a sword by force of liquor, and began a confused fight with strangers.
- 3日、早朝の霧に乗じた薩軍の急襲を別働第3旅団は激闘5時間の末、これを退け、追撃して緑川を越えて薩軍の側背を衝き、進んで甲佐を占領した。
- On April 3, the Satsuma army raided the detached 3rd brigade under the cover of fog in the early morning, but the brigade drove back the Satsuma army after a five-hour fierce battle, chased it across the Midori-kawa River, attacked the back side and the flank of the Satsuma army, and seized Kosa after further advancement.
- 16歳の頃、後三年の役(1083年 - 1087年)に従軍した景政が、右目を射られながらも奮闘した逸話が「奥州後三年記」に残されている。
- He went to the front in the Gosannen no Eki (the Later Three Years' War [1083 - 1087]) when he was 16 years old; 'Oshu-gosannen-ki' (A Chronicle of Later Three Years' War in Oshu) includes an anecdote in which he kept fighting in spite of his right eye being shot by an enemy soldier.
- 中世以降、近世の終わりまで一般大衆の動員は工兵・兵站といった後方任務に限られており、彼らの戦闘要員としての動員は非常時にしか見られない。
- From the middle ages to the end of the early modern era, the recruitment of ordinary people was limited to the support roles of kohei (military engineering) and heitan (military logistics) and such individuals were only mobilized for battle in emergency situations.
- 江戸時代以降は、必ずしも城が中心とは限らず、戦闘を想定しない行政施設としての陣屋を中心としたケースもあるが、それらも含めて城下町と呼ぶ。
- After the Edo period, in some cases, a castle was not necessarily the center, but the jinya, a non-military governmental facility, was the center, and these were also called jokamachi.
- 越後長岡藩(北越戦争参照)・会津(会津戦争参照)・秋田(秋田戦争参照)などで激しい戦闘がおこなわれたが、いずれも新政府軍の勝利に終わった。
- Many hard battles were fought in the Echigo-Nagaoka domain (Hokuetsu War), Aizu (Aizu War), Akita (Akita War), and other parts of Japan, but the armed force of the new government won all of them.
- 倭国軍の戦闘構想は、先ず扶余豊璋を帰国させて百済復興軍の強化を図り、新羅軍を撃破した後、後続部隊の到着を待って唐軍と決戦することにあった。
- Wakoku's military strategy was first to bring home King Hosho to strengthen the Kudara restoration force, then, after crushing the Silla force, to wait for the arrival of the reinforcements to fight against the Tang forces.
- その後も荒木村重討伐で功、天正10年(1582年)の武田征伐では信長に従って甲信に入るが、織田信忠が武田を滅ぼしたあとで戦闘には参加せず。
- Later he made a contribution at the attack on Murashige ARAKI, then at subjugation of the Takeda clan in 1582, he followed Nobunaga and went to the Koshin region but already Nobutada ODA had destroyed the Takeda clan, so he did not join the battle.
- 承平 (日本)5年(935年)10月、良正は将門追討の兵をあげ、それを察知した将門もすぐさま出陣、21日常陸国新治郡川曲村にて戦闘となる。
- In October, 935, Yoshimasa led his army in order to defeat Masakado, and sensing this, Masakado immediately departed for the front, and on 21st, they fought against each other in Kawamagari Village, Niihari County, Hitachi Province.
- そして、2回目の慶長の役では、諸将が、真面目に戦闘を遂行している証として、討ち取った李氏朝鮮・明兵の鼻を切り取り、日本に送るように命じた。
- In the second invasion called the Keicho War, he ordered the severed noses of killed soldiers of Joseon Korea and the Ming Dynasty to be sent to Japan as proof of his army's bravery in battle.
- 瀬田川の橋(後の瀬田の唐橋)をめぐって戦闘が発生、弘文天皇(明治3年(1870年)に弘文天皇の諡号を贈られる。)は自決し近江大津宮は廃絶。
- A battle erupted over the bridge of the Seta-gawa River (later Seta no Karahashi Bridge), and Prince Otomo (he was given a posthumous name as Emperor Kobun in 1870) committed a suicide, which made the Imperial Palace Omi Otsu extinct.
- 俘囚が有していた狩猟技術・武芸技術は、乗馬と騎射を中心とするものであり、俘囚の戦闘技術は当時登場しつつあった武士たちへ大きな影響を与えた。
- Fushu's hunting and military arts were centered on horseback riding and Kisha (shooting an arrow while riding a horse), and thus many samurai who came to the forefront at the time were heavily influenced by the Fushu's skills in battle.
- 彦根藩と高田藩が小瀬川であっさりと壊滅したが幕府歩兵隊と紀州藩兵が両藩に替わって戦闘に入ると幕府・紀州藩側が押し気味ながらも膠着状況に陥る。
- Although the Hikone clan and the Takada clan were destroyed instantly in Ozegawa, the bakufu's infantry and the army of the Kishu clan took over them to fight back, and the situation became a stalemate with a slight predominance of the bakufu and Kishu clan side.
- 1943年 第100歩兵大隊が欧州戦線に投入される(イタリアやフランスを転戦し、モンテ・カッシーノの戦いなど各地での激闘ぶりを賞賛された)。
- In 1943, the 100th Infantry Battalion was deployed to Europe and fought on the front in Italy and France, where they were commended for their fierce fighting in various battles, such as that in Monte Cassino.
- 本来、医者は非戦闘員(金創医)として戦場に出るため、誤射を防ぐ目的で髪を剃り上げていたので、江戸の人々は無髪の頭を見れば医者か僧とわかった。
- Normally doctors, who went to the war fronts as noncombatants ('kinsoi' or surgeons), shaved their head in order to avoid being shot by mistake; hence, men without a hair were recognized either as a doctor or as a monk in the Edo period.
- 外国に対して私的に戦闘行為をする目的で、その予備又は陰謀をした者は、三月以上五年以下の禁錮に処する。ただし、自首した者は、その刑を免除する。
- A person who prepares or plots to wage war privately upon a foreign state shall be punished by imprisonment without work for not less than 3 months but not more than 5 years; provided, however, that the person who surrenders him/herself shall be exculpated.
- 山腹からの敵の進入を防ぐという考え方は中国の万里の長城に通じるものであるものの、目的は極めて軍事的で、戦闘員保護のための局地的なものだった。
- Although the idea of preventing enemies from invading from mountainsides dates back to at least the Great Wall of China, nobori-ishigaki were localized structures with the purely military objective of protecting combatants.
- 登場人物が暗闇(くらやみ)という設定の中で、互いに探り合いながら死闘を繰り広げたり、物語の鍵となる物品を奪い合ったりする立ち回りをすること。
- In the choreography where the setting is usually dark, the actors on the stage move violently, engaged in mortal combat groping with each other or scrambling for a key object in the story.
- 水戸藩もこれに応じて市川らを中心とする追討軍を結成し、1864年8月8日(元治元年7月7日 (旧暦))に諸藩連合軍と天狗党との戦闘が始まった。
- In response to these orders, the Mito Domain organized an army to search out and kill Tenguto with Ichikawa and others playing important roles, and on August 8, 1864, a battle between the allied force of domains versus Tenguto began.
- 義親の父・源義家に対しては後三年の役を私闘と見なして恩賞を与えず、義家が所有していた荘園を没収したうえ、新たに義家への土地の寄進も禁じられた。
- About MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, Yoshichika's father, the Go Sannen no Eki was considered a strife resulting from a personal grudge and Yoshiie was not awarded, furthermore, Yoshiie's private estates was confiscated and new donation of land to Yoshiie was banned.
- 尚之助と離別した八重は「裁縫より鉄砲」と果敢に闘うが落城、「あすの夜はいづくの誰かながむらむ馴れにしみ空に残す月影」と城内の壁に簪で刻書した。
- After separated from Shonosuke, Yae fearlessly fought saying 'Gun more than sewing,' but finally surrendered the castle after engraving a poem 'Who would see the moon in my familiar sky tomorrow night?' on the castle wall using a Kanzashi (an ornamental hairpin).
- 大酒飲みだった新井は、慶応2年(1866年)9月の三条制札事件の際にも、大量の酒を飲んだ後で、泥酔状態のまま現場へ向かって戦闘に及んだと言う。
- It is said that Arai, a heavy drinker, went to the site of the Sanjo-ohashi Bridge Noticeboard Incident dead drunk after having a lot of sake (rice wine) and took part in the battle in September, 1866.
- 1969年、京大全学共闘会議の実質的な指導部の一人であった高瀬泰司(元京都府学連委員長)が、同年、京大教養部で「バリ祭」「反大学」を演出した。
- In 1969, one of the substantial leaders of the All Student Joint Struggle Council of Kyoto University, Yasuji TAKASE (former chairman of the Kyoto federation of students) organized 'Barricade Festival' and 'Anti-University' at Faculty of Liberal Arts, Kyoto University.
- 比較的格闘戦能力に劣る部隊もしくは少数部隊が、自然もしくは人工の障害と飛び道具を利用して防戦態勢をとり、押し寄せる強力な伝統的野戦軍を破った。
- The troops or tiny corps which had relatively low combat capability utilized natural or artificial obstacles and shooting weapons and were on the defensive, and defeated a strong surging open battle army.
- 日本統治前期の抗日活動は台湾を制圧し清朝への帰属を目指すものであり、台湾人としての民族自覚より清朝との関係の中で発生した武装闘争であると言える。
- The anti-Japanese movement in the early days of the Japanese rule aimed at gaining control of Taiwan and coming under the jurisdiction of the Qing dynasty and it could be regarded as the armed resistance occurred in the connection with the Qing dynasty rather than the one happened due to heightened nationalism.
- これに対して、受傷人骨の中でも、明らかに武器によってつけられたと考えられる傷のある人骨の存在は、戦闘の存在を示す証拠として扱うことが可能である。
- Among these human bones with trauma, there are human bones with a clear sign of weapon trauma and they are treated as the evidence of the existence of battles.
- すなわち、継続的に戦闘が行われる戦国期においては、戦国大名はいつでも、迅速に、また長期的に政略的・軍事的要地に精兵を動員できるようにしたかった。
- This means that during the Sengoku period when the battles were conducted continuously, Sengoku daimyo wanted to mobilize their strongest warriors to politically and militarily important places anytime, swiftly and over the long term.
- 北京議定書(ぺきんぎていしょ)とは、1901年9月7日に北京市で調印された義和団の乱における列国と清・義和団との戦闘の事後処理に関する最終議定書。
- The Peking Protocol is a final protocol signed in Beijing City on September 7, 1901, concerning the follow-ups of battles between the powerful countries (Great Powers) and Qing/Boxers in the Boxers Uprising.
- 宮廷での権力闘争に幻滅し、次第に外国勢力の力を借りてでも韓国の近代化を成し遂げようとする方向に傾いていきつつあった一部開化派の人々が設立した団体。
- It was an organization founded by a part of Kaika group which was tired of the struggle for power in the court and heading to the direction to accomplish the modernization of South Korea even if it needed foreign countries' supports.
- 西国各地を襲撃して朝廷に勲功評価の条件闘争を仕掛け、これを脅かしたが、平将門の乱を収拾して西国に軍事力を集中させた朝廷軍の追討を受けて滅ぼされた。
- Sumitomo made several attacks as a conditional strike for merits against the Imperial Court in several places in Saigoku (the western part of Japan), but he was defeated and killed by the Imperial army which was able to concentrate its military power in Saigoku after putting an end to the war against TAIRA no Masakado.
- また戦後に咸鏡道に建てられた日本軍撃退記念碑の北関大捷碑には加坡の戦闘で斬殺した日本兵から左耳825個を切り取って朝鮮王へ送った記録が残っている。
- On Hokkantaishohi, which is a monument raised in Hangyong Province after the war to commemorate repulsion of the Japanese army, it is recorded that 825 left ears were cut from Japanese soldiers killed by the sword in the battle in Kaba for the King of Korea.
- 途中、駿河国清見関にて偶然居合わせた在地の武士たちと戦闘になり、同国狐崎にて嫡子景季、次男景高、三男景茂が討たれ、景時は付近の西奈の山上にて自害。
- On the way, a sword fight occurred at Kiyomigaseki checking station in Suruga Province with local samurai who happened to be there, and his legitimate son Kagesue, second son Kagetaka and third son Kageshige were killed at Kitsunegasaki in the same province; Kagetoki committed suicide on the top of a neighbouring mountain in Nishina.
- 同じころ、芝近辺に出没する三人組の辻斬りを懲らしめたり、刀のこじりが当たったことが原因で真剣勝負の決闘に及んだ会津、肥後の侍を調停したりしている。
- Around the same time, he chastised a group of three tsujikiri (killing in the street to test a new sword) who appeared in the neighborhood of Shiba, and mediated between samurai of Aizu and Higo, who fought with real swords because the tip of a sheath hit the samurai.
- 鞍馬天狗の映画版は、1924年の実川延笑主演の『女人地獄』に始まり、1965年の市川雷蔵 (8代目)主演の『新 鞍馬天狗 五条坂の決闘』まである。
- The movie versions of Kurama Tengu start from 'Nyonin Jigoku' (Hell with Women) starring Ensho JITSUKAWA in 1924 to 'Shin Kurama Tengu, Gojozaka no Ketto' (The Dual at the Slope of Gojo, The New Kurama Tengu) starring Raizo ICHIKAWA (the eighth Kurama Tengu) in 1965.
- 庄内藩士は、降伏に伴い、薩摩藩邸焼き討ち事件や東北戦争における戦闘を咎められて厳しい処分が下されると予想していたが、予想外に寛大な処置が施された。
- It was expected that the Shonai Clan retainers would be severely punished being condemned for the incident of setting fire to the Satuma Clan residence and fighting during the Tohoku War, but they received a surprising clemency.
- この頃、管領職にあった勝元派の畠山政長と宗全派の畠山義就との間にあった家督継承権をめぐる闘争が激化し、さらに義政の気紛れが両派の対立に油を注いだ。
- About that time, a fight over family heirship between Masanaga HATAKEYAMA of the Katsumoto camp, who was then the Shogun's deputy, and Yoshinari HATAKEYAMA of the Sozen camp intensified, and Yoshimasa's caprice added fuel to their strife.
- 清盛の前に引き出された信頼は自己弁護をするが、信西殺害・三条殿襲撃の首謀者であり最後まで武装して参戦していたことから、戦闘員とみなされ処刑された。
- When he was hauled before Kiyomori, Nobuyori did try to justify his actions, but given that he was the ringleader in the death of Shinzei and the assault on Sanjo Palace, and had taken up arms and fought in the battle right up until the very moment of defeat, he was judged an enemy of war and executed.
- 日本において、信長周辺にこれらヨーロッパ軍事知識がどのように伝わっており、長篠の戦闘などに応用されたという可能性は興味深く、今後の研究が待たれる。
- In Japan, how European military knowledge was introduced into the people around Nobunaga and the possibility that the knowledge was applied to the Battle of Nagashino is interesting and remains to be proved.
- 戦闘は午前5時に始まり午後2時まで続いたと伝えられており、死者は浅井朝倉方で1800人、織田徳川方で800人、負傷者は各方その3倍と推定されている。
- It is said that the battle started at five in the morning and lasted until two in the afternoon, and the estimated death toll was 1,800 on Azai and Asakura sides and 800 on Oda and Tokugawa sides, and the wounded was three times as much on each side.
- 租界を攻撃していた清朝の正規軍、聶士成(じょうしせい)の武衛前軍や馬玉崑(ばぎょくこん)率いる武衛左軍と衝突したが、戦闘は連合軍が清朝側を圧倒した。
- The official army of Qing dynasty was attacking the Concession (foreigners in China holding autonomy or extraterritoriality), but the frontal army of Chinese imperial guard division led by Nie Shicheng, and the left Chinese imperial guard division led by Bagyokukon, clashed with allied forces and the Qing dynasty side was defeated during the battle.
- 織田軍は既に四面楚歌の状態であるため、石山に監視のための軍を置くと、朝廷に働きかけて本願寺軍に矛を収めるよう詔勅を出すなど、本願寺との戦闘を避けた。
- Because the Oda army was already surrounded by enemies on all sides, it avoided a battle by asking the Imperial Court to issue an imperial rescript to urge Hongan-ji Temple to lay down its arms while a troops for surveillance was kept in Ishiyama.
- 陽成天皇は後の記録には暴君として描かれており、それによると天皇は蛙を捕え、蛇を捕え、または犬と猿を闘わせて喜び、人を木に登らせて墜落死させたという。
- Emperor Yozei is described as a tyrant in later records, which recount that he was said to have enjoyed catching frogs and snakes, having dogs and monkeys fight with each other, and ordering people to climb trees so he could watch them fall to their deaths.
- 磐井軍と麁鹿火軍の決戦が行われたのは、528年11月、筑紫三井郡で、激しい戦闘の後に磐井は捕らえられ、麁鹿火に斬られたとされている(『日本書紀』)。
- Iwai's army fought against Arakahi's in November 528 in Mii no kori of Chikushi Province, and after a fierce fighting Iwai was captured and killed by Arakahi using a blade ('Nihonshoki').
- 忠興は9月15日の関ヶ原本戦で石田三成隊と激闘を演じた功績から、戦後の慶長7年(1602年)、家康から豊前国中津藩39万9000石に加増移封された。
- Because of Tadaoki's success in the fierce fighting with Mitsunari ISHIDA's troops at the Battle of Sekigahara on September 15, Ieyasu in 1602 gave him additional land in Nakatsu Domain in Buzen Province with a yield of 399,000 koku.
- 応永21年(1414年)には興福寺の訴えにより幕府が仲裁に乗り出し、国人衆が幕府に直属し私闘をしない旨の誓約をしたが、争乱の火はくすぶり続けていた。
- Although the shogunate arbitrated the conflict in 1414 upon receiving an appeal from the Kofuku-ji Temple and made Kokujin-shu (local samurai) promise to report to the shogunate and never to have a duel, the fire of conflict continued to simmer.
- 道長と伊周の対立は続き、7月24日 (旧暦)(8月22日)には陣座で諸公卿を前に激しく口論し、その3日後2人の従者が都で集団乱闘騒ぎを起こしている。
- The standoff between Michinaga and Korechika continued, and on August 22, they had an acrimonious argument in front of various nobilities in Court, and 3 days later, two of their squires instigated a mass brawl in the capital.
- それでも第1回衆議院議員総選挙においては41議席を獲得し(院内会派名としては議員集会所)、民力休養問題では地租軽減を支持して共闘の姿勢は崩さなかった。
- Even so, the party gained 41 seats in the first election for the House of Representatives, and continuously worked together with the Liberal party in favor of reducing land taxes to encourage the private sector.
- その後の源平の争乱時にも、彼らは国衙を、或いは荘園を通じ、公権に基づき動員される場合には「駆武者」(かりむしゃ)と呼ばれ、戦闘の中核部隊ではなかった。
- Even during the later the Genpei War, they negotiated through either Kokuga or shoen (manor in medieval Japan), called as 'Karimusha' when mobilized due to civil rights, and were not a central fighting force of a battle.
- 徳川軍は大軍ゆえの油断や連携の拙さ、真田信繁や毛利勝永らの奮闘もあって、一時は徳川家康の馬印が倒れ、家康自身も自決を覚悟するほどの危機にも見舞われた。
- Due to strenuous efforts of Nobushige SANADA and of Katsunaga MORI as well as inattention and bad cooperation among big forces, the Tokugawa forces met such a dangerous situation for a while that the Uma-jirushi (massive flags used in Japan to identify a daimyo or equally important military commander on the field of battle) of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA fell and Ieyasu himself made his mind to kill himself.
- ただし浦上氏の赤松氏に対する下克上は、他家のそれと比較すると比較的穏和なものであり、但馬国の山名誠豊が播磨へ侵攻してきた際は、赤松氏と共闘してもいる。
- However, gekokujo (the revolt of vassals against their lords) of the Uragami clan against the Akamatsu clan was relatively less strict compared with that by other clans and the Uragami clan fought together with the Akamatsu clan when Nobutoyo YAMANA from Tajima province invaded Harima province.
- さらに対立する村落間の紛争もしばしば自らの保有する武力によって解決され、村落ごとに高地に城砦を備え、また成員が戦闘訓練を受けていることも通例であった。
- Disputes (trouble) between conflicting rural communities were also settled by their own military power and it was usually the case that each community built fortresses at high altitudes and all members had combat training.
- この闘争は正にそうして発生した富をめぐって朝廷から地方統治と租税徴収を任された受領と、富を集積していた富豪百姓層が、激しく衝突したものだったのである。
- These conflicts were brought about by severe competition for wealth between Zuryo who took responsibility in the local governance and tax collection and the wealthy farmer class who were gathering wealth.
- 日本国内外で同じような形態の格闘技としては、モンゴルのブフ、中国のシュアイジャオ、朝鮮半島のシルム、沖縄本島のシマ、トルコのヤールギュレシなどがある。
- There are similar fighting sports in Japan and other countries such as Bukh in Mongolia, Shuai Jiao in China, Shilm in the Korean Peninsula, Shima in Okinawa, and Yagli Gures in Turkey.
- また、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部による武道の禁止が契機となって、戦闘技法であることをやめて精神修養のみを目的とする新たな現代武道が発祥・隆盛している。
- Moreover, with the Budo Ban by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers as a turning point, the new gendai budo which had given up being battle techniques and which emphasized only moral improvement was formed and has been prospering.
- 井伊家の飛び地であった世田谷領の代官をつとめた大場家の記録によると、表向きは闘病中とされていた直弼のために、大場家では家人が病気平癒祈願を行なっている。
- Records of the Oba family, the governors of the Setagaya region, an outland of the Ii family, also indicate that Naosuke had been at home struggling with a disease and that the Oba family's Kenin (slaves of nobles) were praying for his recovery.
- 其所で、子爵は、幹部は、戦闘線に出なくともいいのであろうからと云ふので、余等一同は、栗の粥を啜り、砲弾で死んだ軍馬の肉を、是幸いと取って煮染にして喰ふ。
- Since Viscount TANI said that high-ranking officers need not to go into battle, all of us sipped chestnut porridge, and jumped at the opportunity to stew the meat of military horses shot dead and ate it.
- 代表的なものには、歌合・絵合・貝合などがあり、その他にも鳥合(闘鶏)・花合(花いくさ)・小鳥合(こちらは小鳥の品評会)・虫合・前栽合・扇合・琵琶合など。
- Among the most well-known games of monoawase were utaawase (poetry match), eawase (picture match), and kaiawase (shell match), as well as toriawase (bird match) (also known as tokei [cockfight]), hanaawase (flower match) (also known as hanaikusa [flower battle]), kotoriawase (bird bench show), mushiawase (insect match), senzaiawase (plant match), ogiawase (fan match), and biwaawase (lute match).
- 戦闘に堪え得る乗馬と鎧、そして馬を乗りこなしての騎射(弓)の訓練ができる者とは、平安時代後期ではごく一握りの特種技能集団でしかあり得なかったはずである。
- Only a handful of special skill unit forces existed during the late Heian period, that could go through horseback training, wear armor, and practice horseback skills that could stand battle, and could shoot arrows while riding a horse.
- 日露戦争の戦闘は、1904年2月8日、旅順港に配備されていたロシア旅順艦隊(太平洋艦隊 (ロシア帝国海軍))に対する日本海軍駆逐艦の奇襲攻撃に始まった。
- Russo-Japanese War started was initiated by Japan with a surprise attack on the Russian Pacific Fleet (Lushun Fleet) stations in the port of Lushun on February 8th, 1904.
- 大坂城での戦闘では浪人衆の活躍や大坂城の防御力により、幕府軍は苦戦、城内に攻め入ろうにも撃退ばかりされ、特に真田丸の戦いでは幕府方が手酷い損害を受ける。
- In the battle of the Osaka-jo Castle, because of struggle of roninshu and the defending capability of Osaka-jo Castle, the troops of the bakufu fought against heavy odds and, although they tried to invade the castle, they were beaten back every time and, especially during the battle at Sanadamaru, the bakufu side suffered heavy casualties.
- この時代の武士特有の活動に戦闘があり、また客を迎えてもてなす接客や対面の行事もあったため従来どおりの寝殿造では対応しきれないところがあったとされている。
- Traditional shinden-zukuri style could not fill the needs of the samurai of this era because of typical samurai activity such as fighting, entertaining guests and taimen events (meetings to confirm the relationship between lord and retainer).
- 軍事作戦上の齟齬や各国軍の戦闘への積極性の違いも原因であったが、そもそも北京に早く到達すべきかどうかという根本的な点で意見の一致を見ていなかった為である。
- The contradicting military strategies and the difference in the enthusiasm of each army toward the battle were causes, but it was mainly due to lack of basic agreement about whether to arrive in Beijing early or not.
- 兵粮奉行(ひょうろうぶぎょう)または小荷駄奉行(こにだぶぎょう)は、日本の戦国時代_(日本)において行軍・戦闘中の兵糧輸送(小荷駄)を担当する奉行のこと。
- Hyoro Bugyo or Konida Bugyo refers to a bugyo (magistrate) who was in charge of the transportation of provisions (konida) during marches and battles during the Sengoku period (period of Warring States) in Japan.
- 嘉応2年(1170年)7月3日、摂政・松殿基房の車と行き違った時に下馬の礼をとらなかったため、基房の家来と乱闘騒ぎを起こして資盛は恥辱を受けて逃げ帰った。
- On August 23, 1170, he was involved in a scuffle with a retainer of the regent, MATSUDONO Motofusa, because he failed to dismount his horse and pay his respects to the regent, when their paths crossed on the road, the regent traveling in a carriage, upon which, being insulted by the confrontation, fled and returned to the capital.
- 慶長5年(1600年)の関ヶ原の戦いでは、細川家は、関ヶ原、丹後田辺城、豊後杵築城と三方面で戦闘したが、興長は忠興に従って会津征伐、関ヶ原の戦いへ赴いた。
- In the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, the Hosokawa family took part in battles in three regions of Sekigahara, Tango Tanabe-jo Castle and Bungo Kitsuki-jo Castle, but Okinaga, following Tadaoki, went on an expedition against Aizu and to the Sekigahara battle field.
- 1864年(元治元年)、長州藩は禁門の変、下関戦争、長幕戦争と厄続きであったため、藩内の政権闘争で主戦派(主に長州正義派)が恭順派(主に俗論派)に敗れた。
- In 1864, the Choshu Domain was consecutively hit by troubles, such as the Kinmon Incident, the Shimonoseki War, and the Choshu-Bakufu War, and this series of misadventures lead the belligerent war faction (mainly formed by the 'Choshu Justice Party' [reformists of the Choshu clan]) to lose in a power struggle with the deference faction (mainly formed by conventional party).
- 同日赦免された長州藩兵が入京したこともあり、大久保は強気に出るが、京都には会津藩・桑名藩などの徳川方諸藩の兵も駐在しており、戦闘回避を求める声も強かった。
- Although Okubo was acting in a strong attitude, gaining momentum by the return of samurai of the Choshu clan to Kyoto just discharged on the same day, there existed a strong call to avoid war from soldiers of Aizu Domain, Kuwana Domain and other domains on Tokugawa side, residing in Kyoto.
- 尼子遺臣団は尼子氏再興の志を秘めて山名氏の軍勢に加わり、山名氏に謀叛して鳥取城に篭った武田高信と闘い、因幡国を転戦、甑山城での戦いにて決定的な勝利を得た。
- The Amago Remnant Corps joined forces with the Yamana clan, intent on restoring the Amago clan to their former status, and fought against Takanobu TAKEDA, who had rebelled against the Yamana clan and was holed up in Tottori-jo Castle; after that, they fought on successive fronts in Inaba Province, wining a decisive victory in the battle at Koshikiyama-jo Castle.
- 淳和上皇や恒貞親王は皇太子に立てられる事によって権力闘争に巻き込まれる事を憂慮して度々事辞退の申し入れをしたものの、嵯峨上皇や仁明天皇に慰留されてしまう。
- Although the Retired Emperor Junna and Imperial Prince Tsunesada refused to accept the position of Crown Prince many times, fearing to becoming involved in the power struggle, the Retired Emperor Saga and Emperor Ninmyo persuade them not to resign from the position of Crown Prince.
- 「赤門前の場」の捕物は『東海道四谷怪談』の「隠亡堀の場」や『神明恵和合取組』(め組の喧嘩)の「八ツ山下の場」とならぶ、暗闘の傑作のひとつに数えられている。
- The arrest in 'Akamon mae scene' is counted as one of the masterpieces of veiled enmity along with 'Onbobori scene' of 'Tokaido Yotsuya Kaidan' (Tokaido Yotsuya Ghost Stories) and 'Yatsuyamashita scene' of 'Kamino Megumi Wago no Torikumi' (Megumi no kenka (the fight of Megumi)).
- 当時は朝鮮は、人材登用という思想でなく親族を優先的に高官に抜擢するという旧弊を断ち切れず、閔妃派が興宣大院君派と宮廷での権力闘争を繰り広げていた時であった。
- At that time, in Korea, it was when there was no hiring of personnel outside of families and they could not shed their old system of selecting high officials from families and the Queen Min group was fighting with the Heungseon Daewongun (regent of Joseon) group in the Imperial Court.
- 前期王朝国家において、田堵負名層は在庁官人として国衙の行政実務に協力する一方で、しばしば一国単位に結集して朝廷への上訴や受領襲撃といった反受領闘争を行った。
- In the early dynastic nation-state, the tato and fumyo class cooperated with kokuga's administrative affairs as local officials but at the same time, they often gathered country by country to appeal to the Imperial Court or to wage anti-zuryo conflicts such as attacks against zuryo.
- 915年(延喜15)2月、上野国で上毛野(かみつけぬの)基宗、貞並らに大掾藤原連江(つらえ)らが加わる反受領闘争があり、受領藤原厚載(あつのり)が殺される。
- There was an anti-zuryo (provincial governor) conflict in Kozuke Province in February 915 caused by KAMITSUKENU no Motomune, Sadanami (貞並), FUJIWARA no Tsurae, with the title of Daijo, and they assassinated FUJIWARA no Atsunori, who was the Zuryo.
- 二才(にせ=若者。15歳頃から24歳頃)時代に石見半兵衛に決闘を申し込まれ、それを論難して以来、石見が属する上之園方限(ほうぎり)の郷中の士と親交を結んだ。
- While he was greenhorn, he was challenged to a duel by Hanbei IWAMI, and after he refuted Hanbei, he became good friends with residents of the Ueno residential district of samurai to which Iwami belonged.
- 少数とはいえ天然の要害を利用した堅城であった矢野城に立てこもった蓮覚は、多勢の武田軍を相手に奮戦奮闘し、寄せ手の吉川師平が討死、多くの将兵が負傷、死亡した。
- Shutting himself in the Yano-jo Castle, built strongly utilizing a natural fortress, Renkaku with his small force furiously fought against the outnumbering TAKEDA force and killed many enemies including Shihei YOSHIKAWA and injured many others.
- 中央政府は、ただちに藤原継縄を征東大使に任命し軍をだしたが何の成果もなく戦闘は拡大した、肝心の呰麻呂がどんな役割を果たしたかその後どうなったかは不明である。
- Central government appointed FUJIWARA no Tsugutada as Seito taishi (great general who subdues the eastern barbarians) and sent the army but the battle became larger without results and it is unknown that key person Azamaro played a what part and what happened to him after that.
- 読み本系の中では略本系が語り本と最も近い関係にあることは、源平闘諍録の本文中に平曲の曲節に相当する「中音」「初重」が記されていることからも確実視されている。
- It is regarded as certain that among the yomihon group, the ryakuhon is the closest to the kataribon group because Genpei Tojoroku (a record of Genpei battles) contains a record concerning 'chuon' (mediant) and 'shoju' (lowest octave), which were equivalent to a tune of heikyoku.
- 中世前期まで戦場での主要な戦闘法であったが、南北朝時代 (日本)頃から弓射の主体は歩兵となり、騎兵も下馬して射るようになったため、騎射戦闘は消滅していった。
- Kisha was a major fighting style on the battlefield until early medieval times, but foot soldiers came to play a major role of Yumiire since around the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and horse soldiers also learned to shoot alighting from horses, so that the fighting style of Kisha had disappeared.
- 古武道(こぶどう)(古流武術、古武術等もほぼ同義)とは、日本の伝統的な、徒手もしくは鈍器や刃物、火器などの武器による闘いのための技術を体系化したものの総称。
- Kobudo is a generic name which refers to the systematized Japanese traditional martial arts to fight without arms or with arms like dull weapons, cutting tools, firearms, and so on (kobudo is sometimes called koryubujutsu, kobujutsu, etc. which have almost the same meaning as kobudo).
- 1866年(慶応2年)6月7日に幕府艦隊の周防大島への砲撃が始まり、13日には芸州口・小瀬川口、16日には石州口、17日には小倉口でそれぞれ戦闘が開始される。
- On July 18, 1866 (表記の変更), the fleet of the bakufu opened fire on Suo-oshima Island, and fights started successively in Geishu-guchi on July 24 (表記の変更), Sekishu-guchi on July 27 (表記の変更), and Kokura-guchi on July 28 (表記の変更).
- 元治元年(1864年)の池田屋事件では、吉田稔麿ら同志と会合中に新選組に襲撃されるが、乱闘から長州藩邸に逃げ込み、事件の生き証人としてその悲報を国許に伝える。
- In the Ikedaya Incident in 1864, he was attacked by Shinsengumi during the meeting with other fellow members including Toshimaro YOSHIDA, but escaped from the scuffle to the Choshu hantei, and then went to inform the people in the Choshu Domain of this sad news as a witness.
- 薩摩討つべしとの主戦論が沸騰し、「討薩表」を携えた滝川が翌慶応4年(1868年)正月3日鳥羽で薩摩藩兵と衝突し、戦闘となった(詳細は鳥羽・伏見の戦いを参照)。
- Pro-war argument heated up calling for attacking Satsuma, and Takigawa, who carried with him the statement to the Emperor to avenge Satsuma, encountered samurai of the Satsuma clan at Toba in January 27, 1868 and a war broke out (for more detail, refer to the Battle of Toba-Fushimi).
- ただ鳥羽・伏見の戦いがはじまると、朝廷ではこれを徳川家と島津家の私闘と見なす意見が出るなかにあって、積極的な関与・主戦論を主張し岩倉ら倒幕派公卿に注目された。
- However, when the Battle of Toba Fushimi broke out, even though there were opinions within the Imperial Court that viewed it as a personal battle between the Tokugawa Family and the Shimazu Family, he suggested active involvement in the battle and advocated it, thereby drawing attention from Court nobles who wanted to overthrow the Shogunate, such as Iwakura.
- 平行して尊氏は直義を追って東海道を進み、駿河薩捶山(静岡県静岡市清水区)、相模早川尻(神奈川県小田原市)などでの戦闘で撃ち破り、直義を捕らえて鎌倉に幽閉した。
- At the same time, Takauji chased Tadayoshi along the Tokaido, and defeated him at the battles of Mt. Satsutamayama in Suruga Province (present-day Shimizu Ward, Shimizu City, Shizuoka Prefecture) and Hayakawajiri in Sagami Province (present-day Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture). Takauji captured Tadayoshi and confined him in Kamakura.
- 一向宗と結んで、時の権力者織田信長と闘うために街の周囲に環濠土塁をうがち、西から今井を守るべく櫓などを備えた城構え(現今西家住宅地)を築き城塞都市化している。
- Banding together with the Ikkoshu sect in the fight against the then powerful Nobunaga ODA, Imai-go was turned into a fortress whereby a moat as well as earthen walls were built around the town and, to guard the westernmost of that town, a castle-like structure (the present Imanishi-ke Jutaku site) equipped with various appropriate features such as turret was constructed.
- 武士は、一般に「武芸に通じ、戦闘を職業とする軍人、あるいは兵法家のこと」とされるが、これだけでは平安時代以前の律令制体制下の「武官」との違いがはっきりしない。
- Generally, bushi refers to 'a service member who is a master of military art and battle or a military strategist,' but by this definition, the difference between the 'military officer' under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) before the Heian period and the bushi is not clear.
- もっとも三十歳代になると、日清戦争後に『めさまし草』を創刊して「合評」をするなど、評論的啓蒙活動は、戦闘的ないし論争的なものから、穏健的なものに変わっていった。
- In his thirties, however, the nature of his critical philosophical activities changed from one of fighting and criticism to a moderate one, for instance beginning to issue the Mezamashi-gusa (Eye-awakening grasses) magazine after the Sino-Japanese War and publishing joint reviews in it.
- この時の日本軍は元軍の集団戦法や新兵器などに苦戦したが、暴風雨の到来によるとも指揮官たちの方針の分裂が原因とも言われるモンゴル軍の撤退で全面的戦闘は回避された。
- Although the Mongolian army fought well against the Japanese army bearing a large number of soldiers equipped with new weapons, they were forced to withdraw due to either a storm or conflict between commanders over the policy, and thus a full-scale war was avoided.
- この多聞山からの火、また、10月10日の久秀の焼き討ちもあって、一連の戦闘の結果、南都は般若寺、興福寺やその塔頭なども焼失したが、東大寺の被害もまた大きかった。
- As a result of a series of batt;es with fire from Mt. Tamon and fire set by Hisahide on November 20, 1567, many religious facilities in Nanto were destroyed by fire, including Hannya-ji Temple, Kofuku-ji Temple and its subtemples, as well as catastrophically damaging Todai-ji Temple.
- 尚、このとき上総介広常が率いてきた軍勢は『吾妻鏡』では2万騎とあるが『延慶本平家物語』には1万騎、『源平闘諍録』には1千騎であり、『吾妻鏡』が一番誇張が大きい。
- Besides, according to 'Azuma Kagami,' the forces Hirokazu KAZUSANOSUKE led then consisted of 20,000 warriors on horseback, but 'Enkeibon Heike Monogatari' says 10,000 warriors, and 'Genpei Tojo-roku' (A Record of Genpei Battles) says 1,000, meaning 'Azuma Kagami' exaggerated the number most.
- もっとも『愚管抄』によれば義朝はすぐに内裏を出撃して六波羅に迫ったとあるので、内裏で戦闘が行われたかどうかは定かでなく、話を盛り上げるための創作の可能性もある。
- According to 'Gukansho,' Yoshitomo immediately left the Dairi for Rokuhara; however, it is not certain that there were in fact any battles at the Dairi, and therefore, this could be an embellishment to make the story more thrilling.
- 承安2年(1172年)12月、伊賀国住人が春日社神人と闘争を起こし神人が殺害されたため、興福寺の大衆は伊賀国住人の処罰を要求して、春日社の神木を奉じて強訴した。
- In December 1172, the people from Iga Province fought against the priests of Kasuga-sha Shrine and one of their priest was killed, after this the priests from Kofuku-ji Temple demanded the ones responsible from Iga Province, be punished, they gave a sacred tree from Kasuga-sha Shrine to make the plea.
- 国衙軍制と武士身分が確立する過程で、初期の武士が自分たちの地位確立を目指して行った条件闘争が武装蜂起にまで拡大し、平将門と藤原純友らによる承平天慶の乱に至った。
- Through the process of the establishment of the kokuga forces system and the samurai status, the conditional strike, which was originally started by the first samurai to establish their position, turned into an armed uprising, resulting in the Johei-Tengyo Revolt fought by FUJIWARA no Sumitomo and TAIRA no Masakado.
- まさか鬼の生き残りがいるわけがないと思った綱が羅生門に行ってみると、そこには茨木童子(または美女にばけた茨木童子)がいて、やはり格闘の末、鬼の腕を切り落とした。
- Tsuna had been certain that no oni had survived the earlier purge, yet sure enough, as soon as he reached Rashomon, there stood Ibaraki Doji (in some versions Ibaraki Doji had taken the form of a beautiful maiden), and indeed the result of their duel was that Ibaraki Doji had his arm cut off.
- その後、玉田、松月堂などの一門は昭和初期で命脈がつきたが、本来は江戸の屋号である旭堂が二代目南陵の奮闘もあって、上方講談唯一の屋号として今日まで継承されている。
- Subsequently, the TAMADA and SHOGETSUDO families came to an end during the early Showa period, but the KYOKUDO, originally a trade name in Edo, has been inherited as the only trade name in kamigata kodan to date, by the great efforts by Nanryo KYOKUDO the second.
- この雲揚が同年9月20日首都漢城に近い要塞地帯であった江華島に接近し、発砲されたとの理由で3日間にわたり戦闘し22日には永宗島の砲台を攻撃、占領する事件が起きた。
- On September 20 of the same year, an incident occurred: this Unyo approached Ganghwa Island, which was the stronghold base near the capital Hanseong, and fought for three days insisting that she had been fiired, then on 22nd, she attacked the gun batteries and seized Yeongjong Island.
- このような受傷人骨の例は縄文時代にもないわけではないが、弥生時代には前代と比べて明らかに数が増加しており、縄文時代と比べて戦闘が頻繁に起こったことは確実といえる。
- There are these types of human bones with trauma from the Jomon period, however the number of cases clearly increased during the Yayoi period and definitely the battles were more frequent compared to the Jomon period.
- ところが、この戦い中に三好三人衆は義継を拘禁していたが、永禄10年(1567年)2月、義継は三人衆の下を脱出し、松永久秀と和睦し、三人衆に対し共闘するようになる。
- However, Yoshitsugu who had been detained by the three men of the Miyoshi family during this battle, in March and April 1567, escaped from the three men and made peace with Hisahide MATSUNAGA, with whom he formed a joint front against the three men.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)に悪党の活動が活発化し下克上の風潮が流行すると、伝統的な戦闘形態は個人戦から集団戦へと変化し始め、足軽の活躍の場は土一揆・国一揆にも広まった。
- As the activity of villains increased and the trend of vassals revolting against their lords became more commonplace during the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the traditional way in which warfare was conducted began to make the transition from a one-to-one combat to a group battle strategy, and the utilization of ashigaru even spread to the suppression of local and provincial uprisings.
- また、それを攻める木曽義仲軍は、由緒正しい武士ばかりか「東国武士は夫(人夫)までが弓箭にたづさいて候えば」と報告されるように、人夫までが弓箭を携えて戦闘に参加する。
- The invading army of Yoshinaka KISO supposedly consisted of samurai from noble families as well as 'even the Buyaku (laborer) of Togoku samurai had Kyusen' that even laborers served as archers when joining battle.
- もちろん、『今昔物語集』巻第25第5 「平維茂、藤原諸任を罰ちたる語」に、「騎馬の兵70人、徒歩の兵30人」とあるように、歩兵もいるが、歩兵の戦闘描写は見られない。
- Of course, there was reference to foot soldiers in 'seventy cavalry and thirty foot soldiers' within the 'Story about Punishing TAIRA no Koremochi and FUJIWARA no Morotoo' in Section five of Volume twenty-five of 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu,' but there were no battle scenes depicted of foot soldiers.
- 謙信と他大名との鉄砲、弓、馬などの軍事編成の比はさほど差異はなく、戦術的にも大きな違いはないが、上杉軍は敵と敵のぶつかりあい、直接戦闘では圧倒的な強さを誇っていた。
- When comparing Kenshin and other daimyo (Japanese feudal lords), in a military organization such as teppo (gun), bows, horses and so on there was only a small difference, and not much difference in strategies, but the Uesugi army was proud of their own overwhelming strength in direct combats with enemies.
- さらに、佐賀県吉野ヶ里遺跡や福岡県筑紫野隈・西小田遺跡などでは、中期前葉の男性甕棺数が女性の倍にも達する事実は男性が戦闘に参加する機会が多いことを示すと考えられる。
- Moreover, the fact that a number of kamekan (earthenware jar-coffin) for males excavated at the Yoshinogari site at Saga Prefecture and Kuma/Nishioda site at Chikushi City, Fukuoka Prefecture is double the number of female's, which is interpreted as the males had more occasion to join in battle.
- 突撃した大友軍は親将が杉長門を一騎討ちで討ち取るなど、初期はよく戦ったが、数で勝る大内軍は鶴翼の陣に切り替え、前後左右から少数の大友軍を攻め、壮絶な死闘が展開された。
- In the beginning, the swooping down Otomo army successfully fought the enemy such that Chikamasa defeated Nagato SUGI in a one-on-one fight -- On the other hand, since the Ouchi army outnumbered the Otomo army, it changed their battle formation to kakuyoku (crane's wing), and encircled and attacked the Otomo army, which resulted in a fierce and desperate battle.
- しかし、実戦では滅法強かったと言われている(斬り合いの時、足下の砂を相手にぶつけてひるんだ隙に斬り伏せたり首を絞めて絞殺したりなど、縦横無尽に戦闘をしていたという)。
- Nevertheless, it is said that he was awfully strong in actual fighting (it is said that he fought with no restraints, for example, by throwing the sand on the ground at his opponent and slashing or strangling him while heflinched from Toshizo's initial attack).
- 士族を中心にした西郷軍に、徴兵を主体とした政府軍が勝利したことで、士族出身の兵士も農民出身の兵士も戦闘力に違いはないことが実証され、徴兵制による国民皆兵体制が定着した。
- The fact that the government army, mostly composed of conscripted soldiers, won the war against Saigo's army, mainly consisted of persons in the warrior class, verified that the fighting ability of soldiers from the warrior class and that of those from farmers were not different; accordingly, a system of general conscription was established.
- もっとも江戸時代の大名の居城においても、山麓の居館と戦闘時に立て篭もる背後の山城の組み合わせという中世的様式を受け継いだ城も多く、岩国城、萩城、鹿児島城がこれにあたる。
- However, many of the Daimyo's residential castles of the Edo period inherited the medieval style, which combined the residence at the foot of the mountain and the mountain castle behind the residence to barricade themselves in case they had a battle, including Iwakuni Castle, Hagi Castle and Kagoshima Castle.
- 弓騎兵は『カルラエの戦い(紀元前53年)』、『ワールシュタットの戦い(13世紀)』で中心的役割を果たし、両戦とも敵兵が弓騎兵に対して直接戦闘に固執した為に勝利を収めた。
- The archery cavalry played an important role in the Battle of Karurae of 53 B.C. and the Battle of Warushutatto (the 13th century), since as the enemies in both battles tried to fight directly with the archery cavalry, they were able to win.
- 1457年(長禄元年)には、嘉吉の乱で没落した赤松氏の遺臣が長禄の変で神璽(勾玉)を奪い返し後南朝を殲滅する奮闘をしたので、翌年には三種の神器は北朝の手中に揃っている。
- In 1457 after the Choroku Incident occurred when Akamatsu clan's remaining aides, who lost in battle during the Kakitsu War, took away the sacred jewel (Shinji, Magatama) and fought against the Second Southern Court to exterminate them, during the following year the three sacred jewels were handed over to the Northern Court.
- こうして本営が浜町に後退したために、優勢だった薩軍右翼各隊も東方へ後退せざるを得なくなり、関ヶ原の戦い以来最大の野戦であった「城東会戦」はわずか一日の戦闘で決着がついた。
- Since the headquarters were moved to Hamacho, the troops of the Satsuma army in the right flank, which were in an advantageous state in the battle, were also forced to move to the east, bringing an end to the 'battle of Joto', the largest field battle after the Battle of Sekigahara, only in one day.
- しかしながら、その解釈は鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)のもので、同時代の『実躬卿記』の同年5月8日条にも「凡珍事々々」とある通り、北条一門の暗闘の真相は不明である。
- However, the interpretation was made in the era from towards the end of the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan), and as described 'a very strange incident' in the article on May 8, the same year, in 'Sanemikyoki' (Kugyo (top court official) Sanemi's diary), the truth of secret feuds in the Hojo clan is unclear.
- こうして「武士団」を「中世封建社会の担い手となる在地領主層を中核とする戦闘的権力組織で、内部構造としては、主従的な、階層関係(ヒエラルヒー)が認められるもの」と規程する。
- This type of 'bushidan' was 'a militarily ruled society that was centralized around estate owners supporting medieval feudal society, centrally formed on a master and servant hierarchical relationship.'
- 秀郷は下野国(現在の栃木県)の在庁官人として勢力を保持していたが、延喜16年(916年)隣国上野国国衙への反対闘争に加担連座し、一族17(18?)名とともに流罪とされた。
- Hidesato had power as a local official in Shimotsuke Province (present Tochigi Prefecture), but, in 916, he joined and involved in anti-local government movement in the neighboring province, Kozuke Province and he was condemned to exile together with 17 (18?) family members.
- 弘治2年(1556年)、信長と、その弟の織田信勝による織田家の権力闘争である稲生の戦いでは、宮井勘兵衛なる小姓頭に右目下を弓で射抜かれながらも討ち取るという功績を上げる。
- In 1556, in the Battle of Inou which was the strife over authority of the Oda family fought between Nobunaga and his younger brother Nobukatsu ODA, although Toshiie was shot under the right eye with an arrow by the head of the enemy's pages named Kanbei MIYAI, he made a great achievement by killing this shooter.
- 承暦3年(1079年)には、多芸郡において同じく美濃国内に地盤を有する源重宗と大規模な合戦を演じたことから、後に両者とも朝廷に召され国房は私闘の罪により弓庭に拘じられた。
- In Tagi District in 1079, he fought in the big battle against MINAMOTO no Shigemune, who was also based in Mino Province, therefore the both parties were summoned to Imperial Court later, and Kunifusa was confined in Yuniwa for the duel.
- 実に2個師団に相当する兵士が脚気で命を落とし、また戦闘力低下のために戦死した兵も少なくなく「(鴎外は)ロシアのどの将軍よりも多くの日本兵を殺した」との批判も存在している。
- Two divisions' worth of soldiers died from beriberi, and many soldiers were killed in the war through lack of energy due to the disease, so Ogai was criticized for contributing more to the deaths of Japanese soldiers than any Russian general.
- 天文13年、越前に逃れてきていた土岐頼純(土岐頼武嫡男)を美濃守護とするため、尾張の織田信秀と共闘し、美濃の斎藤道三および土岐頼芸を攻め、井口城(稲葉山城)下を焼き払う。
- In 1544, in order to get Yorizumi TOKI (the legitimate son of Yoritake TOKI), who had escaped into Echizen Province, appointed as Shugo (Governor) of Mino Province, Takakage enlisted the help of Nobuhide ODA from Owari Province and attacked Dosan SAITO and Yorinari TOKI of Mino Province, then proceeded to burn down the town surrounding Inokuchi-jo Castle (Inabayama-jo Castle).
- 遅くとも建武 (日本)4年(1337年)には成立したと見られている軍記物語『源平闘諍録』以降、将門は日本将軍(ひのもとしょうぐん)平親王と称したという伝説が成立している。
- Legend holds that Masakado had come to be referred to by the title Hinomoto Shogun TAIRA no Shinno at the time that the military epic, 'Gen-pei Tojoroku,' was completed, which is considered to have been written in 1337 at the latest.
- 2006年に首長ジャービルが長い闘病の末に死去、皇太子サアドがただちに首長位を継承したものの、サアドもすでに高齢かつ病身で、首長としての公務に耐えられる状態ではなかった。
- In 2006, the Chief Jabir died after a long period of battling disease, and although the Crown Prince Saad became chief, he was also elderly and sick and was not in any condition to conduct the duties as chief.
- これは、かつて日本は朝鮮半島で闘ったことがあるというわずかな記憶と、女帝斉明天皇が新羅遠征のために、筑紫朝倉宮まで行幸した故事を元に、創作されたとする仮説が唱えられている。
- Scholars formed a hypothesis that Japan may have fabricated the tale of Sankan-Seibatsu based on a vague memory of a battle on the Korean peninsula and a historical event of an Imperial visit to the Tsukushi Asakra Palace during the expedition to Silla by Empress Saimei.
- 優れた馬などは最前線にて用いられたために、小荷駄隊は足軽及び農村から徴発された人夫(陣夫)が駄馬や荷車に兵糧などを載せて引率するという機動性・戦闘力いずれも劣る部隊である。
- Since swift horses were used on the front lines, a Konidatai was a troop with inferior mobility and fighting capability that carried provisions on daba (packhorses) and carts by ashigaru (common foot soldiers) and laborers (servicemen) levied from farming villages.
- 山鹿方面では第三旅団の先鋒1個中隊の増援を得て24日に転進して来た野村忍介の5個小隊と対戦することになったが、高瀬道を進んだ部隊は薩軍と戦闘をすることもなく高瀬を占領した。
- In the Yamaga area, the group of the 14th regiment was reinforced with a company that spearheaded the 3rd brigade, and fought the five platoons led by Oshisuke NOMURA, which was transferred to there on February 24, whereas the other group of the 14th regiment had pushed through the Takase Road and occupied Takase without fighting the Satsuma army.
- 保元元年(1156年)の保元の乱で源義朝に従い、平治元年(1159年)の平治の乱では義朝の長男源義平に従い、待賢門での戦闘で平重盛の軍勢500騎に17騎で戦いを挑んでいる。
- During the Hogen Disturbance in 1156, he followed MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, and during the Heiji Disturbance in 1159, he was with MINAMOTO no Yoshihira, Yoshitomo's first son, and fought against TAIRA no Shigemori's forces of five hundreds horsemen, leading only seventeen horsemen in the fight at Taikenmon.
- 明治18年に主席訓導(実質的には校長だった)を勤めた綴子小学校は父十湾ら南部藩の兵士が18年前の戊辰戦争で戦闘を行い、民家を焼き討ちにして撤退していった綴子集落の中にある。
- Tsuzureko Elementary School, where Naito worked as the major Kundo (virtuallly, the headmaster) in 1885, was located in Tsuzureko hamlet, where the Nanbu Domain soldiers, including his own father, Juwan, fought in the Boshin War and burned down many houses when they escaped.
- 元治元年1月、徳川家茂警護のため大阪滞在中、高麗橋そばの呉服商「岩城升屋」(岩木とも)に不逞浪士数名が押し入った際、土方歳三・山南両名が駆けつけて激しい戦闘の末に撃退した。
- In February 1864, while he was staying in Osaka to guard Iemochi TOKUGAWA, a few repined masterless samurai intruded into a kimono fabrics dealer called 'Iwaki Shoya,' and both Toshizo HIJIKATA and Sannan rushed to the scene and repelled them after a fierce battle.
- 直弼の首は遠藤邸に置かれていたが、所在をつきとめた彦根藩側が、闘死した藩士のうち年齢と体格が直弼に似た加田九郎太の首と偽ってもらい受け、藩邸で典医により胴体と縫い合わされた。
- Although Naosuke's head was kept at the ENDO residence, the Hikone clan which found out where his head was, having been deceived, took the head of Kurota KATA, who was chosen from feudal retainers dying on a battle field because he was a similar age and build to Naosuke, and sewed it to Naosuke's body, with the help of a doctor in the hantei (the residence maintained by a daimyo in Edo).
- 不破数右衛門が父佐倉新助にあてた書状では本当は不破は庭の見張り担当であったが、こらえ難くて独断で邸内へ突入してしまい、邸内では長刀を振るう当主吉良義周と遭遇し、戦闘になった。
- According to a letter sent from Kazuemon FUWA to his father Shinsuke SAKURA, he was originally responsible for guarding the yard; however, he could not stand it and made his way into the residence where he ended up fighting against the head of Kira family Yoshimasa KIRA who was battling with his long sword.
- その後、初七日法要を済ますと輝宗の弔い合戦のため早くも二本松氏の二本松城を包囲し、畠山氏救出のため集結した、佐竹氏・蘆名氏など3万の反伊達連合軍と安達郡人取橋で死闘を演じた。
- Soon after the memorial service on the sixth day after Terumune's death, Masamune besieged the Nihonmatsu-jo Castle of Nihonmatsu clan for an avenging battle of Terumune's death; his troops engaged in a fierce battle against anti-DATE allied forces of Satake and Ashina clans with 30,000 soldiers organized for saving Hatakeyama clan, at the Hitotori-bashi Bridge in Adachi District.
- 国司苛政上訴(こくしかせいじょうそ)は、日本の平安時代に郡司・田堵・負名・百姓階層が地方官である国司(受領)の苛政・非法を中央政府(太政官)へ訴えた行為、現象または闘争形態。
- Kokushi kasei joso refers to acts and phenomena of appeals and armed struggles by Gunji (local magistrates), Tato (cultivators), Fumyo (tiller of the public rice field), and the farmer class in order to complain to the central government Daijokan (Grand Council of State) about tyrannies and illegal behaviors of Kokushi (or Zuryo) (provincial governors), Chihokan (local officials) during the Heian period in Japan.
- かつて韓国では、空手道を「コンスドー」(空手道)「タンスドー」(唐手道)と呼んでいたが、韓国流に変化・発展させ、新たな格闘技とし、蹴り技に特化をし、名称もテコンドーとなった。
- In South Korea, karatedo was once called konsudo or tansudo, but it developed into a new martial art called taekwondo, which, being arranged and improved in the Korean style, focuses on a kicking art.
- 黒澤は、そうした現実の格闘ではあり得ない舞踊的表現を排除したリアルな殺陣の表現を探っていた(「羅生門 (映画)」、「七人の侍」、脚本を書いた「荒木又右ヱ門 決闘鍵屋の辻」)。
- KUROSAWA had been searching for a more realistic way to express swordfights (as seen in 'Rashomon', 'Seven Samurai', and 'Ketto Kagiya no Tsuji' (The Duel at the Key-Maker's Corner) for which he wrote the script), eliminating the element of dance performance which is impossible in a real fight.
- 倭は朝鮮半島で数世紀に渡って継続的な戦闘を続け、「白村江の戦い」では約1千隻の軍船・数万の軍勢を派遣し唐の水軍と大海戦を行うなど、高い航海術・渡海能力を有していたと考えられる。
- It would appear that Wa had a high level of seamanship and the ability to travel across the ocean in that Wa continuously fought on the Korean Peninsula more than a few centuries and in `the battle of Hakusukinoe,' they dispatched one thousand warships and several tens of thousands of soldiers to fight against Suigun (warriors battle in the sea) of Tang at sea.
- この戦闘によって討手1人(道島五郎兵衛)と新七ら6名(有馬新七・柴山愛次郎・橋口壮介・西田直五郎・弟子丸龍助・橋口伝蔵)が死亡、2名(田中謙助・森山新五左衛門)が重傷を負った。
- In this fight, one member of the anti-rebel group died (Gorobe MICHIJIMA), while six members of the rebel group were killed (Shinshichi ARIMA, Aijiro SHIBAYAMA, Sosuke HASHIGUCHI, Naogoro NISHIDA, Ryusuke DESHIMARU, and Denzo HASHIGUCHI) and two were badly wounded (Kensuke TANAKA and Shingoezaemon MORIYAMA).
- 遊牧民族の彼らは牧草を求め常に移動しならが生活、また屢々馬に跨がり他民族と闘っていたが、彼らのこういった生活文化の中で自然的必要性から騎射は開発・発展して来たものと考えられる。
- Since they were nomadic tribes, they moved around to live to look for good vegetation and also fought against other tribes on horseback, and it is presumed that Kisha was developed and improved through the manner of their lifestyle, as it was naturally necessary for them.
- 私軍(わたくしいくさ・私戦(しせん))とは、近世以前の日本において太政官符や宣旨、幕府の命令などの公的命令によらずして、敵討や自力救済のために行われる小規模な武力行使・戦闘行為。
- Watakushiikusa (also called shisen [private warfare]) is a small-scale military/battle conducted in Japan before the early-modern period for Katakiuchi (revenge) or for self-preservation, without an official order such as Daijokanpu (official documents of Daijokan, which is the office of the supreme political leader), senji (imperial decree) or an order from bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- また、この毛利氏との戦闘の中で宗麟は宣教師に鉄砲に用いる火薬の原料である硝石の輸入を要請し、その理由として自分はキリスト教を保護する者であり毛利氏はキリスト教を弾圧する者である。
- In addition, in the battle with the Mori clan, Sorin requested the missionary to import saltpeter, the raw material of gunpowder used in guns, for he was the person to protect Christianity and the Mori clan was the clan to suppress.
- この後11月26日 (旧暦)には鴫野・今福で(鴫野の戦い・今福の戦い)、11月29日 (旧暦)には博労淵、野田・福島において激しい戦闘が行われた(博労淵の戦い、野田・福島の戦い)。
- The battle was followed by furious battles in Kamono/Imafuku on November 26 (the old calendar) (Battle of Kamono/Battle of Imafuku), and in Bakurobuchi, Noda/Fukushima on November 29 (the old calendar) (Battle of Bakurobuch, Battle of Noda/Fukushima).
- 全日本学生自治会総連合では少数派(非主流派)であった所感派の思想的・政治的影響下にあった当時の同学会(京都大学の全学学生自治会)は、1950年度のレッド・パージ粉砕闘争を主導した。
- Dogakukai (students' self-governing association of Kyoto University) which was under the philosophical/political influence of the Shokan sect, a minority group (a non-mainstream faction) of the All-Japan Federation of Students' Self-governing Associations, played a leading role in the anti Red Purge struggle in 1950.
- 百姓、すなわち田堵負名層は公領に属する者と荘園に属する者に分かれ、荘園公領間の武力抗争の当事者となった結果、前期王朝国家に見られたような一国単位に結集する闘争形態は急速に消滅した。
- Hyakusho, i.e., the tato and fumyo class, was separated into hyakusho belonging to koryo and hyakusho belonging to shoen, and became parties of armed conflicts between shoen and koryo and as a result, the conflict forms observed in the early dynastic nation-state in which people gathered country by country disappeared rapidly.
- 世界の歴史上の人物をモチーフにしたキャラクターによる対戦型格闘ゲームに登場する、日本の忍者をモデルとするキャラクターのうちのひとりとして服部半蔵 (ワールドヒーローズ)が登場する。
- In this versus beat'em-up game which uses historical persons from around the world as a motif, Hanzo HATTORI appears as a character modeled on Japanese ninja (World Heroes).
- 勇猛な美男子であったといい、毛利軍で猛将として知られた菊池音八や、有名な品川大膳との闘い、信貴山城攻略での松永久秀の家臣河合将監をいずれも一騎打ちで討ち取ったという逸話が知られる。
- He is said to have been brave and good-looking; there is a well-known anecdote that depicts his slaying each of the following in single combat; Otohachi KIKUCHI (菊池音八), who is famous for having been a strong general of the Mori force; Daizen SHINAGAWA (the fight against this samurai is famous); Shogen KAWAI, a retainer of Hisahide MATSUNAGA (slain at the time of assault on Shigisan-jo Castle).
- 戦後になると、上方落語同様に衰退著しく、二代目旭堂南陵と二代目旭堂小南陵(後の三代目旭堂南陵)父子のみの状態が続き、1965年に二代目が亡くなった後は三代目の孤軍奮闘が長く続いた。
- After the war, it went into a substantial decline like kamigata rakugo (rakugo as performed in the Kyoto-Osaka region), consisting only of Nanryo KYOKUDO the second and his son, Konanryo KYOKUDO the second (later Nanryo KYOKUDO the third), for a certain period of time, and following the death of Nanryo the second in 1965, Nanryo the third fought a long, lonely battle.
- たとえば南方では、現地人と客家がしばしば対立して土客械闘という争いを起こしていたが、地方官は客家を弾圧することが多く、救いを求めて客家が一斉にキリスト教に入信するようなことがあった。
- For example, local and Hakka people frequently opposed each other, resulting in a dispute called the Punti–Hakka Clan War, but the local officials often suppressed the Hakka, and seeking help, all the Hakka became believers of Christianity.
- 太平洋戦争では1941年(昭和16年)11月6日に第14軍 (日本軍)戦闘序列に編入され、緒戦のフィリピンの戦い (1941-1942年)に参戦し、マニラ陥落後フィリピンに駐屯した。
- The Fourteenth Division (Imperial Japanese Army) was dispatched to the front lines on November 6, 1941 and fought at the beginning of the war in the Philippines (1941-1942), and stationed there after Manila fell.
- 元暦2年(1185年)5月17日 義経が兄である源頼朝の怒りを買い、鎌倉入りを許されず腰越に留まっていた時、義盛は頼朝の妹婿である一条能保の家人と些細な事から乱闘騒ぎを起こしている。
- On May 17, 1185, Yoshimori started a fight with a retainer of Yoshiyasu ICHIJYO, a husband of Yoritomo's younger sister, about a trivial matter when Yoshitsune was refused permission to go to Kamakura and was ordered to stay at Koshigoe since he incurred the wrath of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, his older brother.
- 出現当初の銅剣や銅矛など武器形青銅器は、所有者の威儀を示す象徴的なものであると同時に、刃が研ぎ澄まされていたことなどから実際に戦闘に使われる実用武器としても使われていた可能性が高い。
- Weapon type bronze ware bronze swords and bronze halberds were a dignity symbol of the owner at the time of emergence, and it is possible that they were used as actual weapons, as its edge was sharpened.
- 旧南宋軍は被征服者のため元への忠誠心も全く無く、さらに元々南宋は金で兵士を募集する募兵という形をとっており、数は多いが所詮は寄せ集めであり、士気・忠誠心も低く、戦闘能力も高くなかった。
- The former Southern Sung army had no loyalty to the Yuan Dynasty, because it was a conquered army, and furthermore, it had recruited soldiers through payment so that its soldiers were large in number but simple people who had low morale, loyalty, and fighting strength.
- 石山の次に大きい一揆であった加賀一向一揆は柴田勝家と交戦していたが、講和条件には加賀江沼・能美2郡を本願寺に返付する条項があったため信長と顕如がそれぞれ停戦を命じたものの戦闘は続いた。
- The second largest ikki, Kaga Ikko Ikki, in which the ikki force fought against Katsuie SHIBATA, continued even after Nobunaga and Kennyo ordered them to cease the battle because the peace agreement included a provision to return the two districts, Enuma and Nomi in Kaga Province to Hongan-ji Temple.
- そのため、戦国大名家の職制では、武者奉行と同格の戦闘経験が豊富な熟練の老臣が任じられるケースが多く、直接戦闘に参加して武功を上げるよりも輸送する小荷駄を敵軍から防衛する事が求められた。
- As a preventative measure, an accomplished roshin (key retainer) with a wealth of combat experience in rank with Musha bugyo (magistrate of warriors), who was often appointed in the organization of a Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lords in the Sengoku period) family, was given the task of protecting the transport of Konida from enemy armies rather than directly joining the battle in order to distinguish himself.
- 第16師団は、1905年(明治38年)7月18日に編成され直ちに満州に派遣されたが、戦闘は概ね終結しており9月5日には講和条約(ポーツマス条約)が締結された為、戦闘には加わっていない。
- The Sixteenth Division was dispatched to Manchuria on July 18, 1905 immediately after its formation but did not join the battle since it already ended and the peace treaty (Treaty of Portsmouth) was signed on September 5.
- 宮崎県飫肥地方(現日南市)発祥の四半的弓道は、戦国時代に農民が半弓を持って戦闘に参加して勝利に貢献した功により、領主から遊戯用として使用を許されたと伝わるもので、同地で愛好されてきた。
- Shihanmato Kyudo, originating from the Obi district, Miyazaki Prefecture (presently Nichinan City) was said to have allowed archery games by a lord because of the farmer's contribution to a victory in battle using the Hankyu, small-sized bow, during the Sengoku Period.
- こうした闘争をどう評価するにせよ、地域統治と収税の効率化のためにこうした富豪百姓層の成長を助け、彼らが莫大な利権を獲得する契機を与えたのはまぎれもなく受領を筆頭とする国衙機構であった。
- No matter what evaluations are given to these conflicts, it is clear that the mechanism of Kokuga (provincial government offices) headed by Zuryo helped such a wealthy farmer class grow to control the region and collect taxes more efficiently and gave them opportunities of acquiring huge vested interests.
- 「ギャートルズ」など一部の漫画で、木の柄に紐で石斧をくくり付けた道具が、動物の捕殺や闘争などに使われる場面が描かれているが、柄に紐で固定しただけでは強度・耐久性が不充分で使用に耐えない。
- Some cartoons such as 'GON, THE STONE-AGE BOY' depicts the scene such as characters uses the tools in which stone ax is fastened to wood handle with string, for capture and killing of animals or fighting; however, only fastening to wooden handle with string is insufficient in strength and durability and unavailable.
- しかし、義仲と後白河院の関係が悪化すると院方に付き、同年11月の法住寺合戦では多田源氏の多田行綱らと共に院方の主力として御所の防衛に当たるが、激闘の末に子の光経共々討ち取られ梟首された。
- Mitsunaga, however, sided with the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa when Yoshinaka became antagonistic to Goshirakawa, and stood up together with Yukitsuna TADA of the Tada-Genji to defend the Imperial Palace as main forces of the Retired Emperor's army at the time of the Battle of Hoju-ji Temple in November 1183, but he was killed in action together with his son Mitsutsune after the fierce fight, with his severed head exposed to the public.
- 龍仁戦闘の直後の翌7月には李舜臣による水軍の活動を抑えるために加藤嘉明、九鬼嘉隆と共に急遽連合水軍として編成されるが、功を逸って単独で抜け駆けした脇坂安治は閑山島海戦で李舜臣に大敗した。
- In the July after the Yongin Battle, he hastily joined forces with Yoshiaki KATO and Yoshitaka KUKI to take on the naval forces of Yi Sun-sin but Yasuharu WAKISAKA, eager for glory, went out alone and, at the Battle of Hansan Island, was thoroughly defeated by Yi Sun-sin.
- ただしそれも、年齢を経た結果というよりも、自分の死に場所を見つけたという悟りに近い気持ちと、明日にも闘いで命を落とすかも知れない隊士の士気を上げるための、計算の上であったとする説もある。
- However, there is a view that this was not because he has become older, but this was a calculated action based on his realization that he has found a place to die, as well as for motivating his men who could die tomorrow in a battle.
- 明治時代以降、国民食として短期間に全国に広まった最大の理由は、帝国陸海軍の隊内食・戦闘食の副食として採用されたため、兵役終了後の元兵士達により、その味が全国の家庭に持ち帰られ、浸透した。
- The most reason why fukujinzuke had become popular nationwide rapidly from the Meiji period as a national food, is that fukujinzuke was introduced by the Imperial Army and Navy as a subsidiary food for rations in barracks and combat, and the retired soldiers brought the taste of fukujinzuke back to their homes, then spread.
- そして戦闘員と一般農民の区別がまだ生じていなかった為に、当時の関東の合戦は、敵の本拠地、「営所」を攻撃するだけでなく、「与力伴類の舎宅、員(かず)の如く焼き払う」という焦土戦術がとられた。
- In addition, fighters and normal peasants were not segregated, the battle at Kanto was to not only to attack the 'camp' of the enemy, but was to 'burn down the residence and servants' and used the battle technique to burn everything to ashes.
- しかしながら、前代に比べて武器の発達が見られず、特に近接武器が副葬品以外ではほとんど認められないこと、受傷人骨の少なさなどから、具体的な戦闘が頻発していたと主張する研究者はあまり多くない。
- However, not many researchers insist on the occurrence of actual battles as there was little development in weapons compared to the previous generation, especially very few weapons for close combat are found apart from burial goods and few human bones with trauma were excavated.
- そこで、藩兵に依拠しない形での政府直属軍隊の創設を図る大村らと、鹿児島(薩摩藩)・山口(長州藩)・高知(土佐藩)藩兵を主体にした中央軍隊を編成しようとする大久保らとの間で激論が闘わされた。
- There was heated debate between Omura's group, which wanted to create a domain-independent military under direct control of the government, and Okubo's group, which wanted to reorganize a centralized military based on the armies of Kagoshima (Satsuma Domain), Yamaguchi (Choshu Domain) and Kochi (Tosa Domain).
- 江藤新平が建白書の直後に士族反乱の佐賀の乱(1874年)を起こし、死刑となっていることで知られるように、この時期の自由民権運動は政府に反感を持つ士族らに基礎を置き、武力闘争と紙一重であった。
- As Shinpei Eto is known to have been executed for causing the Tosa War, a revolt by family with samurai ancestors in 1874, this period of the Jiyu Minken Undo movement was characterized by the antigovernment movement led by members of the former samurai class (Shizoku) and often erupted into violence.
- 古典『太平記』や、『増鏡』、『保暦間記』、『鎌倉九代記』など後世に成立した記録では、闘犬や田楽に興じた暴君、暗君として書かれる傾向にあり、江戸時代から明治にかけての史学でもその傾向があった。
- According to records established in later generation, including Japanese classics 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace), 'Masukagami' (The Clear Mirror), 'Horyakukanki' (A History Book of the 14th century in Japan) and 'Kamakura kudaiki' (Records of nine generations of the Kamakura), he tends to be described as a tyrant who enjoyed dogfight and dengaku (ritual music and dancing in shrines and temples) and the trend continues in History in Edo to Meiji period.
- これまで足軽は戦闘の主役ではなかったが、戦国時代 (日本)を迎え集団戦が本格化・大規模化していくと、訓練された槍・弓 (武器)・鉄砲の足軽隊が組織され備の主要な部隊として活躍するようになる。
- Ashigaru had not yet been utilized as the main element of battle forces but as they became more well organized and increased in number during the Sengoku period (Japan), they were given training and ashigaru units bearing spears, bows (weapons) and guns were created, going on to form the backbones of armies.
- これ以外にも独自に護身術としての合気道の可能性を研究する合気道家や独立会派も複数有り、総合格闘技や空手の中に合気道と共通の技や捌きが見られることから、護身術としての有用性を見出す意見もある。
- There are various other aikido practitioners and independent factions that study the possibilities of aikido as an art of self-defense, and since there are techniques and movements in mixed martial arts and karate that are common to those of aikido, some consider it useful as an art of self-defense.
- 『タイムズ』(1894年11月28日付)や『ニューヨーク・ワールド』(同年12月12日付)により、「旅順陥落の翌日から四日間、非戦闘員・婦女・幼児などを日本軍が虐殺した」と報じられたのである。
- 'The Times' (dated on November 28, 1894) and 'New York World' (dated on December 12, 1894) reported, 'Japanese troops massacred non military personnel, women, and children for four days after Lushun fell.'
- 1937年(昭和12年)7月に日中戦争が勃発すると、師団は西尾寿造中将司令官の第2軍 (日本軍)戦闘序列に編入され華北戦線に投入、同年11月上海派遣軍隷下上海市戦線に転じ南京攻略戦に参戦した。
- The division was incorporated into the second army (Imperial Japanese Army) under Toshizo NISHIO, who held the title of Chujo (Middle Captain) commander when the Sino-Japanese War broke out in July 1937, and it was placed in the frontlines of the Northern China battle line before joining the Shanghai Expeditionary Army on the Shanghai City battle line in November of the same year to participate in the Battle of Nanking.
- これらのことからすると、久政が織田氏を見限って朝倉氏との共闘を選択したのは、従来言われてきたような復古的・情緒的理由からではなく、戦国大名としての戦略的な思考によるものではないかと考えられる。
- Taking this into account, the reason Hisamasa abandoned the Oda clan to choose the coalition with the Asakura clan seems to not have been his reactionary emotion, but the result of his strategic perception as a feudal lord.
- 服部武雄は隊内でも相当な二刀流の使い手として鳴らしていたため、服部の孤軍奮闘は鬼気迫るものがあったというが、最後は服部の刀が折れたスキを狙って原田左之助が繰り出した槍によって、落命したという。
- Takeo HATTORI was famous as being skillful in using two swords at once, and his bloodcurdling presence of fighting alone overwhelmed the men he fought against; however, he was killed by Sanosuke HARADA's spear when his sword broke.
- 日本の合戦では戦闘時、上級武士の指揮下に少人数ずつの銃手(鉄砲足軽)が組織化されて、この戦闘単位ごとに勲功を競うといった運用形態をとっていたこともあり、個々の銃手の命中率が重要視されたのである。
- At the time of a battle in Japan, gunners (teppo-ashigaru, foot soldiers fighting with firearms) were organized in small groups under the command of high-ranking warriors, and these units vied for exploits of war, therefore accuracy rate of individual gunners was of high concern.
- 田辺城は小野木重勝、前田茂勝らが率いる1万5000人の大軍に包囲されたが、幽斎が指揮する籠城軍の抵抗は激しく、また攻囲軍の中に幽斎の歌道の弟子も多く戦闘意欲が乏しかったこともあり長期戦となった。
- Although Tango Tanabe Castle was surrounded by an army of 15000 solders led by Shigekatsu ONOGI and Shigekatsu MAEDA, the resistance of the besieged army led by Yusai was severe, and there were many of Yusai's poetry students among the besiegers who were reluctant to fight, so the battle became a prolonged struggle.
- しかし、宮廷の対立が戦闘によって解決したこと、とりわけ京都市街を戦場とし、数百年ぶりに死刑が執行されたことは、当時の人々に大きな衝撃を与え、貴族から庶民まで武士の力を強く印象づけることとなった。
- People at that time, however, were surprised by the fact that the internal conflict of the Imperial Court was resolved militarily, particularly in a battle in the urban area of Kyoto, and the death penalty was imposed for the first time in hundreds of years; commoners as well as nobles were left with a strong impression of samurai power.
- 戦闘部隊としての戦国時代から江戸時代における足軽の動員は多様な階層からの徴募制が採られており、その召抱える条件も戦時における一時的なものや平時においても雇用され続ける者など様々な待遇が存在した。
- Ashigaru were conscripted from diverse levels of society as combat troops from the Sengoku period to the Edo period, and there were various employment terms which ranged from temporary employment during wartime to continued employment during peacetime.
- だが、その後も天皇と良房の暗闘は続き、良房の圧力の前に在位中には内裏の外れにある東宮や嵯峨上皇の離宮だった冷然院などに居住して、遂に一度も内裏正殿を居住の間として生活を送ることはなかったという。
- However, the darkness between Emperor Montoku and Yoshifusa continued, and it is said while Emperor Montoku was in power he moved to the togu (a palace for a crown prince) located at the end of the palace, or Reizen-in where the Retired Emperor Saga's palace was located far from the palace; he never lived or spent time in the main building of the palace because Yoshifusa had put political pressure on him.
- つまり、京の貴族社会から脱落しかけていた状況を、当時多発していた田堵負名、つまり地方富豪層の反受領武装闘争の鎮圧の任に当たり、武功を朝廷に認定させることによって失地回復を図ったとも考えられている。
- After that, Takamochi, who had fallen from aristocratic society in Kyoto, tried to restore his status by suppressing anti-Zuryo (provincial governors) movements, which were frequently being staged by tax collectors of the upper class in the province, and thereby highlighting his military prowess to the Imperial Court.
- しかし、その跡継ぎ聖武天皇には安積親王薨去後はついに男子の跡継ぎが生まれず、一族藤原氏と他氏貴族との権力闘争などもあいまって、崩御後20年も経たないうちに天武皇統は事実上断絶してしまう事となった。
- Her son, the Emperor Shomu, however, failed to produce single male heir after the Prince Asaka died, which, coupled with power struggle between the Fujiwara family and other noble families, practically led to the extinction of the lineage of the Emperor Tenmu, less than 20 years from the emperor's demise.
- また、それまでの権力闘争の結果、兄弟もなく、父聖武天皇にも兄弟がなく、他に適当な天武天皇の子孫たる親王、王が無かったため、藤原永手や藤原百川の推挙によって天智天皇系の白壁王(光仁天皇)が即位した。
- Since neither she nor her father Emperor Shomu had brothers, who had all died in power struggles, and there was no Imperial Prince, Prince or other descendants of Emperor Tenmu, who would have been adequate to accede to the throne, Shirakabe no okimi (Prince Shirakabe) (Emperor Konin), from the line of Emperor Tenchi, was enthroned with the recommendation from FUJIWARA no Nagate and FUJIWARA no Momokawa.
- 日本の文永11年・元の至元11年10月(1274年11月)に、忻都、金方慶らに率いられ、モンゴル人・漢人・女真人・高麗人など非戦闘員を含む3万人を乗せた船が朝鮮の月浦(合浦。現在の馬山)を出発した。
- In November 1274, the ships departed from Gappo in the Korean peninsula (now Masan) with 30,000 people on board, including non-soldiers, led by Xin Dou, Kim Bang-gyeong and others, consisting of people of Mongol, Han, Jurchen, and Goryeo.
- 記録がないために戦闘の終了時期は不明だが、9月には藤原小黒麻呂が征東大使となり、翌天応 (日本)元年(781年)には「征伐事畢入朝」と『続日本紀』に見えることから乱は終結に向かったと推察されている。
- The time the battle ended is unknown since no records exist, however, considering the description of 'Shoku Nihongi,' as FUJIWARA no Oguromaro became the Seito Taishi in October and 'the subjugation was done' in 781, the following year, it is estimated that the war was subdued then.
- これに対して東洋自由党・同盟倶楽部・立憲改進党・国民協会_(日本)・政務調査会_(明治時代の政党)の5党派がこれに呼応して、「日英通商航海条約締結の反対」・「清国への早期開戦」を掲げて共闘を約した。
- East Liberal Party, Alliance Club, the Constitutional Progressive Party, National Association (Japan), and Policy Affairs Research Council (political party in the Meiji Period) were allied and advocated 'Opposition to the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation' and 'Quick Start of War against Qing' and form a united.
- 本来のインドラ神は、阿修羅とも戦闘したという武勇の神であったが、仏教に取り入れられ、成道前から釈迦を助け、またその説法を聴聞したことで、梵天と並んで仏教の二大護法善神となった(インドラの項を参照)。
- Originally, Indra was a war god that fought with Ashura, but it became one of the two good major deities of Buddhism with Bonten after it was incorporated to Buddhism, and it was considered to have helped Shaka before gaining enlightenment and hearing its preaching (see the article on Indra).
- 9月15日 (旧暦)の関ヶ原における合戦では、毛利秀元・吉川広家とともに徳川家康軍の後方に陣取ったが、前に布陣する広家が家康にひそかに通じて毛利軍の参戦を阻んだため、戦闘に参加することなく終わった。
- At the Battle of Sekigahara on September 15 (old lunar calendar), he took up a line at the rear of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's force with Hidemoto MORI and Hiroie KIKKAWA, but he could not join the fight because Hiroie at the front line communicated with Ieyasu secretly and prevented Mori force's from participating in the battle.
- ヨーロッパ、中国などの大陸では、都市を囲む城壁と砦のような武士の戦闘拠点とを区別し、ドイツ語では Stadtmauer と Burg、英語では city wall と castle として区別する。
- In Europe, China and other continents, there is a distinction between a wall surrounding a city and a battle site of soldiers, such as a fortress, and the former is called Stadtmauer in German and a city wall in English and the latter is called Burge in German and a castle in English.
- 朝鮮総督府警察は普通警察に移行した後も、日本内地の警察には無い機関銃、野砲等の重装備を保有しており、日本の支配が及ばない中国領から越境してくる独立派武装勢力との戦闘を行うなど警察軍的性格を有していた。
- The Chosen Sotoku-fu Police possessed heavy arms including machine guns and field guns, which the police in the mainland in Japan didn't, even after they were shifted to the regular police, and they had a character as a police army, which fought against pro-independent armed groups crossing the border of the Chinese territory which was out of Japan's control.
- 今日では世直しを求める側面や一揆の動機・目的・要求などに大きな差があること、全てが一揆の形態ではなく、自由民権運動との連携を通じた署名・意見書などの提出による合法的な反対闘争の存在などが分かっている。
- Recent studies show that some revolts had aspects of social reform; motives, purposes and requirements of the revolts varied; and some of them did not take a form of revolt but a form of legal conflict, such as submitting signatures and written opinions in cooperation with Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- 大日本協会の動きに対して東洋自由党・同盟倶楽部・立憲改進党・国民協会・政務調査会_(明治時代の政党)の5党派がこれに呼応して、「日英通商航海条約締結の反対」・「清国への早期開戦」を掲げて共闘を約した。
- The Toyo Jiyuto (Oriental Liberal Party), the Domei Club (Alliance Club), the Rikken Kaishinto (Constitutional Progressive Party), the Kokumin Kyokai, and the Policy Affairs Research Council of the five parties of the Meiji period, promised to bond together to fight in response to the Dai Nihon Kyokai's campaign, chanting slogans such as 'protesting the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation' and 'wage a early war against Qing.'
- 水野勝成の子・水野成貞は、旗本となったが、その子・水野成之(十郎左衛門)知行3,000石が幡随院長兵衛と乱闘し殺害したことは不問に処されたが、その後行跡怠慢により母の実家の蜂須賀家にお預かりとなった。
- Narisada MIZUNO, Katsunari MIZUNO's son, became a hatamoto, but his son, Nariyuki (Jurozaemon) MIZUNO, who had the chigyo (enfeoffment) equivalent to 3,000 koku, killed Banzuiin Chobei after being in a fight with him; his wrongdoing was condoned for this time, however, after that, he was sent to his mother's family house, the Hachisuka family, for being negligent of his duties.
- 特に江戸時代には、敵討の中でも曾我兄弟の仇討ち(1193年、『曽我物語』)、鍵屋の辻の決闘(1634年)、元禄赤穂事件(1702年、『忠臣蔵』)は「三大仇討ち」と呼ばれ、多くの作品で人々に親しまれた。
- Particularly in the Edo period, of the cases of Katakiuchi, the Adauchi cases by the Soga brothers were known as the 'Three Major Adauchi Cases' and became known to people in many works ('Story of the Soga Family' in 1193; the duel at Kagiya no Tsuji in 1634; and the Genroku Ako Incident, or 'Chushingura,' in 1702).
- 「人方屋」では特定の力士のひいきが手を出して勝負を妨害するなど喧嘩が絶えないということで、まず寛文年間(1661年~1673年)にリング (格闘技)のように4本の柱の下に紐などでかこったものになった。
- Because in the case of 'hitokataya' (sumo arena made by crowd of people), audience could interfere sumo bouts to help their favorite wrestlers, resulting in frequent occurrence of quarrels among the audience, the fighting area was surrounded by four posts and ropes, as in the ring of wrestling, in the Kanbun era (1661 to 1673).
- 歴史的には『日本書紀』仁徳天皇六十二年の条に額田大中彦皇子(ぬかたのおおなかつひこのみこ)が闘鶏(つげ, 現在の奈良県天理市福住町)へ狩りに出掛けたとき、光るものを発見したとの記述が最初の登場とされる。
- Historically, himuro is said to have initially appeared in the following description for the sixty-second year of Emperor Nintoku in 'Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan)' when Imperial Prince Nukata no Onakatsuhiko found a glittering thing when he went on a hunting trip to Tsuge (the present-day Fukusumi-cho, Tenri City, Nara Prefecture).
- 日本の合戦は中世の弓や近世の鉄砲などといった遠距離兵器が主体であり、中距離での戦いは槍などで闘ったあと、短刀や鎧通しで頸動脈を切るための組み打ちで終結するため、日本刀は槍の補助として使われる事が多かった。
- Battles in Japan had mainly long-distance weapons including bows in the middle age and guns in the modern age, and as for a middle-distance fight, after fighting with Yari (spears), they ended up wrestling to cut the carotid artery by Tanto (short sword) or Yoroidoshi (knife going through armor), so Japanese swords were usually used as assistance for Yari.
- ちなみに一般にゼロ戦としてよく知られている大日本帝国海軍の「零式艦上戦闘機(れいしきかんじょうせんとうき)」は、この年に採用された事に因んだ名称である(兵器の制式名の数字は皇紀の下二桁によっていたから)。
- Incidentally, the 'Type zero carrier fighter' of the Imperial Japanese Navy, well-known as the Zero fighter, is a name connected with the fact that it was employed in the year 2600 in the Imperial era (1940 in the Gregorian calendar [numbers in the type name of the weapons were based on the last two digits of the Imperial era]).
- 漫画やゲーム等数多くのメディアで、戦闘の際相手にダメージを与える為に使用する描写が見られる(火遁=口から火を吹くなど)が、あくまで相手の行動を阻害して遁走するための技術であり、攻撃を目的とした行動ではない。
- Although some particular depiction is used for the scene where an enemy is given a damage in the fight in a lot of visual entertainments such as comics or games (such as Katon=blowing out fire from mouth), it is nothing but a technique to escape by blocking enemy's action, and it can never be an action for the purpose of attacking enemy.
- 1894年7月25日、豊島沖で大日本帝国海軍第1遊撃隊(司令官坪井航三少将、「吉野 (防護巡洋艦)」「浪速 (防護巡洋艦)」「秋津洲 (防護巡洋艦)」)は、清国軍艦「済遠」「広乙」と遭遇し、戦闘が始まった。
- On July 25, 1894, the first commando unit of the Imperial Japanese Navy (commander Kozo TSUBOI 'Yoshino (defense cruiser),' 'Naniwa (defense cruiser),' and 'Akitsushima (defense cruiser') encountered Qing warships 'Tsi yuen' and 'Guangyi' and started the war.
- 彼らは徳川家への復讐に燃える者、戦乱に乗じて一旗上げようとする者などで、歴戦の勇士が多く士気も旺盛だったが、いかんせん寄せ集めに過ぎないため統制がなかなかとれず、実際の戦闘では作戦に乱れが生じる元ともなった。
- Some of them were eager to revenge the Tokugawa family, some aimed to make their names in the world, taking advantage of the disturbances of war and so on: there were many brave warriors who had experienced many battles and were high in morale, however, only a jumble of warriors lacked regulations, causing strategic confusions in real battles.
- 山城の特徴として、居住に便利なように山麓に居館を設け、山上付近に戦闘、防備施設があるのが一般的だが、観音寺城は山麓全体に分譲地、もしくは団地のような居住性の高い曲輪が配されている点が他の山城とは大きく異なる。
- Unlike the usual characteristics of Japanese mountain castles, in which they had residences at the foot of mountains for their convenience and had facilities for combat and defense on mountaintops, the Kannonji-jo Castle had Kuruwa, which were like areas for residential complexes, comfortable to live in, throughout the entire area of the foot of the mountain, which is the biggest difference between other mountain castles in Japan.
- 江戸時代の決闘の話の一つに、闘いが長引き、両者とももう助からないほど流血した為、互いの同意で、潔く同時に喉を突き、相打ち死した(喧嘩両成敗と感覚は同じであり、互いに後悔や遺恨の念が残らない意図・配慮がある)。
- One story about a duel in the Edo period says that since both fighters bled too much to survive due to a long fight, they bravely killed each other by stabbing the opponent's throat at the same time by mutual agreement (this way of thinking was the same as kenka-ryoseibai [where there is a quarrel, both parties are to be punished], and people had intentions and considerations that both would not leave any feelings of regret or resentment).
- その後戦国時代 (日本)末期から江戸時代初期の宮本武蔵と争った吉岡清十郎、吉岡伝七郎を京八流吉岡道場の達人と伝承もあるが、当の吉岡一門が断絶しており、吉岡一門と武蔵の私闘自体、文献の信用性が薄く検証性が乏しい。
- There are also folklores that say Seijuro YOSHIOKA and Denshichiro YOSHIOKA, who fought Musashi MIYAMOTO from the final days of Sengoku Period (period of warring states) to the beginning of the Edo period were masters from the Kyohachiryu-school's Yoshioka-dojo hall, but it is not possible to determine the validity of such stories as the Yoshioka family and followers have become extinct and there are no trustworthy materials to give light on the conflicts between the Yoshioka group and Musashi.
- 舞台の時期は史実の服部半蔵家が取り潰された前後にあたるが、この時期を舞台として真田幸村配下の忍者と、徳川氏の覇権と忍者の世界の制覇を目論む半蔵率いる徳川忍軍の暗闘というモチーフは、忍者ものの物語の定番といえる。
- This manga adopted the typical ninja storyline; the story was set in before and after the historic Hanzo-Hattori clan had been ruined and featured three main motifs, namely ninjas controlled by Yukimura SANADA, the hegemony of the Tokugawa clan and fought behind the scenes by the shogunate spy group led by Hanzo who aimed to reign over the ninja world.
- また10世紀中葉の承平天慶の乱は、当初平氏一族内の私闘と考えられていたものが、のちに国家への叛逆行為と見なされるようになったものであるが、その最大の要因は平将門が常陸国府を包囲・攻略し、官印を奪ったことによる。
- In another episode, the Johei and Tengyo War in the middle of the tenth century was originally thought as a duel among the Taira family but later came to be regarded as a treason because TAIRA no Masakado surrounded and captured the local government of Hitachi and stole its kanin.
- ただし、家康本人は「家臣が周囲にいる貴人には、最初の一撃から身を守る剣法は必要だが、相手を切る剣術は不要である」と発言したと『三河物語』にあり、息子にも「大将は戦場で直接闘うものではない」と言っていたといわれる。
- However, it is recorded in 'Mikawa Monogatari' (Tales in Mikawa) that Ieyasu himself said 'For a noble man around whom his retainers exist, the swordplay to protect himself from an initial attack is necessary, but the swordplay to kill his opponent is unnecessary,' and it is also said that he told his sons that taisho (generals) should not directly fight in the fighting field.'
- 中国三国時代 (中国)の呉 (三国)の太子孫和の例など、宮廷闘争や政争の結果として発生することが多いが、対象者が実際に皇位・王位継承者として不適格であるがゆえに緊急避難的措置として行われる場合もしばしば存在する。
- Although many of the disinheritance cases resulted from imperial-court or political strives, as in the example of Sun He, who was a prince of Wu who lived in the Three Kingdoms period (China), heirs were often disinherited because they were deemed incompetent as a crown prince on an emergent basis.
- この格闘の末、荒畑寒村、宇都宮卓爾、大杉栄、村木源次郎、佐藤悟、徳永保之助、森岡栄治、百瀬晋のほか、女性4名(大須賀里子、管野スガ、小暮礼子、神川松子)が検挙され、またこれを止めに入った堺と山川も同じく検挙された。
- As a result of this fight, many people including Kanson ARAHATA, Takuji UTSUNOMIYA, Sakae OSUGI, Genjiro MURAKI, Satoru SATO, Yasunosuke TOKUNAGA, Eiji MORIOKA, Shin MOMOSE, and four women (Satoko OSUGA, Suga KANNO, Reiko KOGURE and Matsuko KAMIKAWA) were arrested, and SAKAI and YAMAKAWA, who tried to stop the fight, were also arrested.
- 久政が朝倉方につくべきだと主張した理由として、「亮政の代からの同盟関係であること」、「度重なる斎藤氏氏、京極氏、六角氏の攻勢に共闘した大恩」、「久政自身が信長の性格や方針に懐疑的であったこと」などが挙げられている。
- It is said the reasons why Hisamasa insisted that they should side with the Asakura clan were as follows: 'the alliance had been maintained since Sukemasa was in power;' 'they were deeply indebted to the Asakura clan for joint fights against repeated attacks from the Saito, the Kyogoku, and the Rokkaku clans;' and 'Hisamasa himself was skeptical about the character and policy of Nobunaga.'
- 大島口・芸州口・山陰口・小倉口の四方面で戦闘が行われ、芸州口は膠着したが、大村益次郎が指揮した山陰口は奇兵隊を中心とする諸隊の活躍で連戦連勝し、大島口・小倉口も高杉晋作の電撃作戦で勝利し、幕府軍は惨敗続きであった。
- The battle was was waged at four different locations, that is, ay Oshima-guchi, Geishu-guchi, Sanin-guchi and Kokura-guchi, and Geishu-guchi remained deadlocked, but the forces at Sanin-guchi, which commanded by Masujiro OMURA won through the hard work of many of the forces there, of which the Kiheitai Army was the foresmost; Oshima-guchi and Kokura-guchi were also won by means of sudden attacks oby Shinsakau TAKASUGI, and the force of shogunate suffered a crushing defeat.
- 古くは16世紀、命を狙われた京阿波根実基(きょうあはごんじっき)が空手(くうしゅ)にて相手の股間を蹴り上げたとの記述が正史『球陽』にあり、これは唐手以前の素手格闘術であったと考えられているが、その実態は判然としない。
- The 'Kyuyo' (the chronicles of Ryukyu) introduces an episode in which, during the sixteenth century, when Jikki KYOAHAGON was assaulted by an assassin he kicked the assassin in the groin through an art of 'kushu' (空手), which is considered to be an unarmed (bare hands) martial art prior to toudee, although there is no clear depiction of such an art.
- 地租改正反対一揆(ちそかいせいはんたいいっき)とは、1873年より明治政府によって推進されてきた地租改正に反対する農民一揆である(ただし、近年の研究では合法的闘争による例も多かったとされていることに注意が必要である)。
- Peasant revolts against the land-tax reform refer to the uprisings by peasants to oppose to the land-tax reform that had been promoted by the Meiji Government since 1873 (we should note that many of the revolts were legal conflicts, as recent studies show).
- ちなみに、この戦闘は閑山島海戦(1592年7月、脇坂安治指揮の日本軍対李舜臣指揮の朝鮮軍)・幸州山城攻防戦(1593年2月、宇喜多秀家指揮の日本軍対権慄指揮の朝鮮軍)とあわせて韓国では「壬辰倭乱の三大捷」と呼ばれている。
- By the way, this battle are called in the Republic of Korea 'three major victories in Imjin Waeran' together with the Naval Battle of Hansan Island (July 1592, the Japanese army commanded by Yasuharu WAKISAKA versus the Korean army commanded by Yi Sun-sin) and the Battle of Henju-Sanson (the Battle of Haengju) (the Japanese army commanded by Hideie UKITA versus the Korean army commanded by Gwon Yul).
- 信玄との利益を度外視した数々の闘争は、謙信が純粋に信玄を嫌っていたことが原因だという説もある(もっともこれらは道徳観に反する行いが理由とも解釈できるため、謙信がいわれもなく信玄個人を「毛嫌い」していたという確証はない)。
- One theory suggests that Shingen ignored profits made from several conflicts, this was a cause for Kenshin genuinely hating Shingen, (also, Shingen's actions run contrary to Kenshin's sense of morality, but there is no conclusive evidence that Kenshin 'disliked' Shingen as an individual).
- 奪われた神器のうち、剣は清水寺で発見されるが、神爾は持ち去られたままであり、15年後の1457年(長禄元年)には、嘉吉の乱で没落した赤松氏の遺臣が長禄の変での奮闘により神爾を奪い返し、翌年には神爾は北朝の手に戻っている。
- Among the Three Sacred Treasures that were stolen, the sword was discovered at Kiyomizu-dera Temple, but the shinji were not found until 15 years later in 1457, when remaining followers of the Akamatsu clan, who had become impoverished during the Kakitsu Incident, recovered the shinji after a great battle during the Choroku Incident, and they were returned to the Northern Court the next year.
- 文武王は675年2月に謝罪使を派遣して一時的和平を現出したが、その後も小規模な戦闘を繰り返し、676年11月には白江河口部の伎伐浦(忠清北道舒川郡長項)で唐軍に大打撃を与え、ついに唐の新羅征討と半島支配とをあきらめさせた。
- Although King Munmu dispatched a messenger of apology in February 675 to temporarily create peace, he continued small-scaled battles and gave heavy damages to Tang's army in 伎伐浦 (長項, Seocheon County, North Chungcheong Province) at the mouth of 白江河 River in November 676, and as a result, Tang finally gave up punitive invasion into Silla and conquest of the peninsula.
- 美濃源氏土岐氏の棟梁であった父光長と共に在京し、検非違使、左衛門尉を務めたとされる(『尊卑分脈』)が、寿永2年(1184年)の法住寺合戦で父が後白河院方に加わったため光経もこれに従い、死闘の末に父と共に討ち取られ梟首された。
- It is recorded in 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' (a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy) that he resided in Kyoto together with his father Mitsunaga, who was the family head of the Toki clan of Mino-Genji (Minamoto clan), and assumed such titles as Kebiishi Saemon no Jo (third-ranked officer with judicial and police powers in the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards), and when his father sided with the army of the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa in the Battle of Hoju-ji Temple in 1184, he also accompanied his father and fought together in a fierce battle, but he and his father were killed in action and their heads were exposed to the public.
- 薬莢基部は単純な構造であるため、個人レベルの小規模な量であれば家内生産で製造できなくもないが、小規模とはいえ軍が戦闘で使用する量を確保するには専用の大量生産設備が不可欠であり、同様の設備は当時の日本国内には存在していなかった。
- Since the base of the cartridge has a simple structure, domestic production may supply enough for a small amount of individual use, but equipment for mass-producing the cartridge case was required to supply for an army, if small, to use in battle; and there was no equipment in Japan equivalent to that in Kagoshima in those days.
- 性格については、多くの小説などで「大人しい、温厚」という表現をされていることが多いが、『吾妻鏡』によると(私の合戦を好み・太だ穏便ならざるの ・由仰せらる)と残され、また御家人と乱闘を起こすなど、決して大人しいという事はない。
- About Noriyori's personality, he was often described as a gentle person in many novels, but according to 'Azuma Kagami' Noriyori scuffled with gokenin, liked battles and was not such a gentle person.
- 突破の隊編成として、前軍に河野主一郎・辺見、中軍に桐野・村田新八、後軍に中島・貴島をおき、池上・別府晋介は約60名を率いて西郷を護衛した(「鎮西戦闘鄙言」では村田・池上が中軍の指揮をとり、西郷と桐野が総指揮をとったとしている)。
- To break through the mountain, the troops were organized as follows: the front troop led by Shuichiro KONO and HENMI, the middle troop led by KIRINO and Shinpachi MURATA, and the rear troop led by NAKAJIMA and KIJIMA, with approx. 60 soldiers led by IKEGAMI and Shinsuke BEPPU for guarding SAIGO (according to 'Chinzeisentoteigen' (the battles in Kyushu in country dialect), MURATA and IKEGAMI led the middle troop and SAIGO and KIRINO took supreme command of the Satsuma army).
- 例えば、『記紀』の記述によると、広開土王碑が伝える朝鮮半島奥深くに侵入しての高句麗との戦闘は一切伝えられていないし、倭の五王の遣使も伝わらない(倭王武の上表文によると5世紀の最も重大な外交問題は対高句麗問題であるにも関わらず)。
- For example, the Kiki does not say anything about the battle against Koguryo in the depths of the Korean Peninsula (mentioned in the Gwanggaeto Stele), or about envoys of the Five Kings of Wa (despite the most important diplomatic issue in the fifth century being a relationship with Koguryo as Waobu's johyobun).
- そのため、義統は形式的な君主に過ぎず、1580年頃には宗麟と義統の関係は不和だったと言われているし、大友氏が島津氏の侵攻に一方的に押されたのも、耳川の戦いにおける敗戦だけではなく、家中における権力闘争も原因だったと言われている。
- Because of that, Yoshimune was a nominal monarchy and it is said that the relationship with his father, Sorin, was not good around 1580, and the reason why the Otomo clan was one-sidedly pushed by the Shimazu clan invasion was not only for losing the war at the battle of Mimikawa, but also the infighting of the Otomo clan.
- 鎌倉幕府創設者である初代将軍源頼朝の死後、幕府内部の権力闘争が続き正治2年(1200年)の梶原景時の変、建仁3年(1203年)の比企能員の変によって有力者が滅ぼされ、幕府の実権は14歳の3代将軍源実朝を擁する北条時政が握っていた。
- After the death of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, the founder of the Kamakura bakufu, political strife over authority within the bakufu continued to happen, resulting in the deaths of political leaders in such cases as the Kagetoki Kajiwara Incident (1200) and the Conspiracy of Yoshikazu HIKI (1203), and it was in fact Tokimasa HOJO who had political authority over 14 year-old MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, the third shogun of the Kamakura bakufu.
- 新見は芹沢と行動を共にする腹心と言われるが、芹沢が引き起こした大坂力士乱闘事件や大和屋焼き討ち事件には参加しておらず、同じ水戸出身の最高幹部だが芹沢とどの程度の親密な関係だったか、また壬生浪士組幹部としての行動の実態はよく分らない。
- Though it seemed that Niimi was Serizawa's right arm acting with him together, Niimi didn't participate in the group at the Osaka wrestlers brawl incident and the Yamatoya fire attack incident which Serizawa caused, therefore it is unknown how close they were to each other who were both the senior leaders and from Mito, and also how they acted actually as the leaders of Mibu-Roshigumi.
- また、戦闘の証拠とされる上記のような事例のうち、武器の切っ先が棺内から出土する例、頭部がない人骨、あるいは人骨に残る受傷例などは、前期後半~中期前半の北部九州地域、特に福岡県小郡市を中心とした地域に多く認められることが特徴的である。
- Among the above described evidence of battles, cases with a tip of a weapon in the coffin, human bones without a head and bone trauma are often found from the latter half of the early period to the first half of middle period in the northern Kyushu region, especially in regions around Ogori City, Fukuoka Prefecture.
- その後も東軍は畠山政長・赤松政則、西軍は畠山義就・大内政弘を中心に惰性的な小競り合いを続けていたものの、1477年12月16日(文明9年11月11日)に大内政弘が周防国に撤収したことによって西軍は事実上解体し京都での戦闘は収束した。
- Minor inertial fights continued between the Eastern camp mainly comprising the forces of Masanaga HATAKEYAMA and Masanori AKAMATSU and the Western camp primarily made up of the troops of Yoshinari HATAKEYAMA and Masahiro OUCHI, but the warfare in Kyoto came to an end when Masahiro OUCHI retreated to Suo Province on December 16, 1477, resulting in virtual disbandment of the Western camp.
- この嵐が伊勢神宮をはじめとする諸神社によって盛んに行われた異敵調伏の祈祷と成果とする喧伝と実際に戦闘を行った武士達が元王朝の集団戦法に苦戦して神への加護を求めていたという事実が、日本を神国とする認識を国内各層に浸透させる事となった。
- There was a legend that prayer organized in various shrines such as the Ise-jingu Shrine, used to beat the opposition worked well, and also the fact, that Samurai who struggled to fight back against the former dynasty's group tactics and asked for protection from god, further spread the idea within Japan that Japan was Shinkoku.
- また、忍者の主目的は戦闘ではなく「情報を得て(もしくは偽情報を流布するなどして)無事に戻る」事で今で言うスパイ工作員や隠密特殊機動部隊に相当し、かさばる鉄の塊である手裏剣を何枚も携帯して、次々何枚も投げるというシーンは現実性に乏しい。
- Additionally, the main goal of the ninja is not to fight, but to 'gain information (or spread misinformation) and return safely,' corresponding to today's secret agents or covert special mobile units, and such scenes as those where the characters bring around bulky iron pieces of shuriken and throw them one after another are unrealistic.
- 近代以前のヨーロッパの法律や近代法体系において、名誉の侵害に対する正当防衛は認められない、あるいは法益均衡の観点から生命の侵害をもって報いることは認められないと解されるのが通説(ただし、近代以前には決闘による名誉回復はあり得た)である。
- According to the commonly accepted theory, under laws that predate the modern age in Europe and modern legislation, justifiable defense or violation of the sanctity of life in order to protect one's honor was not accepted from the viewpoint of legal equilibrium. (Before the modern age, however, it was possible to redeem one's honor by dueling.)
- 末法思想は、『大集経』(正式には『大方等大集経』)の「我が滅後に於て五百年の中は解脱堅固、次の五百年は禅定堅固、次の五百年は読誦多聞堅固、次の五百年は多造塔寺堅固、次の五百年は我が法の中に於て闘諍言訟して白法隠没せん」などを典拠とする。
- The source of Mappo shiso is the description of 'Daijkkyo Sutra' (officially, 'Daihododaijikkyo Sutra' (Mahsamnipata sutra)) saying, 'Gedatsu Kengo (Age of enlightenment) will remain solid for 500 years after my death, Zenjo kengo (the age of meditation) will remain solid for the following 500 years, Dokuju tamon kengo (the age of reading, reciting, and listening) will remain solid for the following 500 years, Tazo toji kengo (the age of building temples and stupas) will remain solid for the following 500 years and in the following 500 years, there will be disputes concerning my teaching and correct teaching will be forgotten.'
- そのため、平氏政権は、武士に出自しながら旧来の支配勢力と同質化してしまったと批判されたのに対し、在地領主層=武士階級から構成される鎌倉幕府は、旧来の支配階級を打倒した画期的・革新的な存在だとして、階級闘争史観などにより高く評価されていた。
- Therefore, the Taira clan administration was criticized as becoming as one with the conventional control forces even though they were born as bushi, as regards to the Kamakura bakufu, which consisted of the local landowner class (bushi class), and was considered as a novel and significant existence due to their toppling of the conventional control class and was highly rated in the history of class conflict.
- よく忍者漫画や映画などで、次々に複数の手裏剣を投げつけたり、敵を殺傷する攻撃手段として使用するシーンがあるが、基本的に忍者の武器・道具というのは「逃走用の時間稼ぎ」が主目的であり、積極的にこちらから戦闘を仕掛ける目的で使用する事は少ない。
- Scenes where multiple shuriken are thrown one after the other, or are used as a method of attack to kill or injure an enemy are common in ninja cartoons and movies, but the main purpose of the weapons and tools for ninja are basically to 'gain time for escape' and they were not commonly used to actively provoke a fight.
- そして、この戦いに参加した五十三家の地侍達を「甲賀五十三家」と呼び(さらに五十三家の中で六角氏より感状を貰い重きを置かれた家を「甲賀二十一家」と称した)、甲賀の地が織田信長に席巻されるまでの間、六角氏の下で諜報活動に戦闘にと活躍していった。
- The 53 families of jizamurai (literally, soldiers of the land) that participated in this battle were called the '53 families of Koga' (among them, the families which received a letter of commendation from the Rokkaku clan for taking part in the battle and were valued were called the '21 families of Koga') and they were active in both intelligence and fighting activities under the Rokkaku clan until the Koka region was seized by Nobunaga ODA.
- 乱を起こした側としては、治安維持の任につく武芸の家の者としての勲功認定、待遇改善を目指す動きを条件闘争的にエスカレートさせていった結果として叛乱に至ってしまった面を持ち、また鎮圧側も、乱を鎮圧することでやはり自らの勲功認定、待遇改善を図った。
- The Samurai that fought with the rebels aimed to gain formal recognition for their profession and improve the living conditions for the samurai families that were responsible for maintaining security, while the Samurai who fought against the rebels were also fighting for recognition and better conditions.
- 日露戦争において旅順要塞での戦闘に苦しめられた陸軍は、戦後、ロマン・コンドラチェンコによって築かれていた旅順要塞の堡塁を模倣し、永久堡塁 (習志野)と呼ばれた演習用構造物を陸軍習志野錬兵場内に構築、演習などを行い要塞戦の戦術について研究した。
- After the war, the Army which experienced difficulties in the siege of the Lushun Fortress constructed a replica of the Lushun Fortress constructed by Roman Kondratenko for military exercises called the 'permanent fortress,' and researched tactics for fortress warfare.
- 尤も、このような見解についてはそもそも紫式部の当時藤原氏と源氏(あるいはその他の氏族)との政治的な対立は「藤原氏の完全な勝利」ですでに決着しており、当時の政争とは藤原道長とその甥藤原伊周との対立などほぼ全て「藤原氏内部での権力闘争」であった。
- However, regarding these views the conflict between Fujiwara and Genji (or other) clans had already ended with the 'total victory of the Fujiwara clan,' and most of the political disputes in those days were struggles for power among the Fujiwara clan, particularly between FUJIWARA no Michinaga and his nephew, FUJIWARA no Korechika.
- 鎌倉幕府がそれ以前の武家政権である平氏政権と最も異なる点は「問注所」(後に評定所)と呼ばれる訴訟受付機関を設置したことで、これまでは地所の支配権をめぐる争いは当事者同士の武力闘争に容易に発展していたものをこれにより実質的に禁止することになった。
- The most striking difference between the Kamakura bakufu and the prior warrior government run by the Taira clan was the bakufu's creation of what was called the Monjusho (hereafter referred to as the Hyojosho or 'Office of Arbitration'), an organization devoted to hearing and ruling on legal disputes over land ownership; until this office was founded, final authority to own land rested with the side whose military might was greatest and disputes were resolved in a simple way--through force--but the new office substantially reduced such bloody conflicts.
- 『伊藤家文書』によると当日、本間は料亭から酔って退出したところを数人の男に取り囲まれて両腕を押さえつけられ、刀と脇差を取り上げられながらも激しく抵抗して格闘し数名を怯ませたものの、わずかな隙にわき腹を刺され、瀕死のところに止めをさされて斬首された。
- According to 'Documents of the Ito family, 'HONMA was surrounded by a couple of men when he came out drunk from a fancy Japanese-style restaurant, and although both of his arms were pinned down and his long and short swords were taken away, he furiously fought against them and made some of them shrink back; however, in an unguarded moment, he was stabbed in the ribs, and was beheaded when he was on the verge of dying.
- 広義では、元亀元年9月12日の石山挙兵から天正8年8月2日の顕如退去までの11年(10年間)を指すが、天正8年3月7日 (旧暦)(1580年4月20日)に本願寺は大坂退去の誓紙を信長に届けて戦闘行為を休止したことから、閏3月7日を終わりとすることもある。
- In a broad sense, it can be said that this war lasted for almost 10 years (ended in the 11th year) from raising an army in Ishiyama on October 21, 1570 to Kennyo's leaving of the temple on September 20, 1580, but another theory says the war ended on April 1, 1580 because Hongan-ji Temple sent Nobunaga a written oath of the leave from Osaka to cease their battle action on that day.
- 第二次世界大戦後はマルクス主義的な歴史認識により、武士を支配階級、農民を被支配階級と定義し、農民生活の悲惨さとそれに由来する階級闘争の存在が強調され、商人は財産(資本)を蓄積したブルジョワ階級であり、近代への幕を開く歴史的存在として捉えられるようになった。
- After World War II, Marxian history began to define samurai as the ruling class and the peasants as the ruled class, emphasizing the misery of the peasants' life and the existence of a class struggle derived from this misery, with merchants as the bourgeoisies who accumulated property (capital) which ushered in the modern age.
- 植木方面、木留・吉次方面、鳥巣方面、熊本方面では引き続き官軍と薩軍の攻防戦が繰り広げられ、2月20日~27日には熊本方面、3月1日~31日には田原・吉次方面、3月10日~4月15日には鳥巣方面、3月4日~4月15日には植木・木留方面で激しい戦闘が行われた。
- The government army and the Satsuma army kept engaged in battles of attack and defense in the areas of Ueki, Kitome and Kichiji, Torisu, and Kumamoto; from February 20 to 27, they fiercely fought in the Kumamoto area, from March 1 to 31, in the areas of Tabaru and Kichiji, from March 10 to April 15, in the area of Torisu, and from March 4 to April 15, in the areas of Ueki and Kitome.
- ただし、内戦状態が解消して安定状態がもたらされた江戸時代には、表向き禁止された百姓の一揆が結成され、それによる権益要求の示威活動(強訴)が行われても、一揆側で真に戦闘時に威力を発揮する鉄砲や弓矢といった飛び道具の持ち出しは自粛されるなど、一定の妥協が成立していた。
- In the Edo period after civil wars had ended and the nation was stabilized, although the peasants formed ikki in spite of the ostensible prohibition and held demonstrations (goso) to demand their rights, a certain compromise had been reached, and those on the side of the ikki refrained from using such long range weapons as muskets and bows which were most effective in battle.
- だが、延べ数十万の兵士を都に集結させて11年にもわたり戦闘が続いたにも関わらず、主だった将が戦死することもなく、ただ惰性的に争いを続けてきた挙句に守護大名たちが獲得を目指していた幕府権力そのものが権威を失墜させてしまい、結果的に獲得するものは何もなかったのである。
- However, in spite of the 11-year duration of the war involving an aggregate of hundreds of thousands of soldiers mobilized into the capital, it was a war continued by inertia, tolling the life of none of major military leaders; moreover, the authority of the Bakufu power itself, which shugo daimyos had been vying for, was already lost, eventually nothing for them to win.
- その内容は、室町時代の末期の応仁元年(1467年)から文明 (日本)9年(1477年)の10年余りにわたり、都とその周辺で争われ、荒廃させた戦乱を描き、梁の宝誌和尚作と伝えられている『野馬台詩』末六句に予言された「修羅闘諍」の世界を描写する意図があったと考えられる。
- The contents cover a span of more than ten years at the end of the Muromachi period from 1467 to 1477, and describe the wars fought in and around Kyoto that devastated the capital, perhaps with the intention of describing the world of 'pandemonium and fighting' prophesied in the last six lines of the 'Yamatai shi' (Poem on Japan), said be the work of the Liang monk Baozhi.
- 南北朝鮮では当時一進会が民衆のみならず知識人からも強い批判を受けていたこと、それまで一進会が同じくチンイルパの李完用首相と共に日本の朝鮮侵出を援護してきたことなどから、この声明書に対して「国権防衛運動、義兵闘争、愛国啓蒙運動などに反するもの」であると非常に批判的である。
- Because the Iljinhoe group were receiving strong criticism not only from the general public but also from intellectuals at that time and the group was back Japan's invasion of Korea together with another Chinilpa Prime Minister Lee Wan-Yong, in North and South Korea, people were fiercely critical toward this statement as 'a view opposing the protection of national sovereignty, the effort of the Righteous Army (Korean army) and the patriotic enlightenment movement.
- しかし、伊達家には慶長5年(1600年)10月6日付中嶋左衛門宛伊達政宗書状、10月14日、10月19日付今井宗薫宛政宗書状、その戦功を賞する返書として10月24日付伊達政宗宛徳川家康書状が残されており、慶長5年10月6日に何らかの戦闘行為が行われたのは間違いないであろう。
- However, the Date family has kept Masamune DATE's letter to Saemon NAKAJIMA (中嶋左衛門) dated October 6, 1600, Masamune's letters to Sokun IMAI dated October 14 and 19, and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's letter to Masamune DATE dated October 24 to praise him for his distinguished military act and therefore, there is no doubt that any battle took place on October 6, 1600.
- 公式令によれば、訴えの起こす場合には地方においては郡司→国司→太政官、首都においては京職→刑部省→太政官の順序を取ることが定められており(太政官で訴えが受理されなければ、天皇に上奏することが許される)、この手続に反する訴えをした場合には笞刑40の刑に課された(『闘訟律』)。
- According to the Kushiki-ryo (law on state documentary forms in the Yoro Code), the fixed course of a suit in local districts was a gunji (local magistrate), a kokushi (provincial governor), the Daijokan (Great Council of State) in that order, and in the Capital the Kyoshiki (Capital Bureau), the Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice), the Daijokan in that order (if appeals were not accepted by the Daijokan, people were allowed to report to the emperor), and if people made an appeal against this procedure, they were given 40 strokes of cane ('Toshoritsu').
- ところが、二条家が居住して以後、度重なる火災などの災害、そして応仁の乱にも被害を受けなかった筈の押小路烏丸殿が文明9年11月11日 (旧暦)(1477年12月16日)に放火によって焼失してしまう(奇しくもこの日は大内氏の撤退によって応仁の乱の戦闘が事実上終了した日であった)。
- However, Oshikoji Karasumadono residence, which survived several disasters such as fires and the Onin War since the time when the Nijo family moved in, was burned down in an arson attack on December 25, 1477 (by cruel coincidence, it was the day the Oni War practically ended as the result of the retreat of the Ouchi clan).
- この間、本営は本荘から3月16日に二本木、4月13日に木山、4月21日に矢部浜町と移され、西郷もほぼそれとともに移動したが、戦闘を直接に指揮しているわけでもないので、薩摩・大隅国・日向国の三州に蜷踞することを決めた4月15日の軍議に出席していたこと以外、目立った動向の記録はない。
- Meanwhile, the headquarters was moved from Honio to Nihongi on March 16, and moved again to Kiyama on April 21, and Hongo also moved therewith, but he was not a leader in the battle directly, so he decided to stay at the three countries of Satsuma, Osumi and Hyuga Province on April 15, and except for that one day, there was no record of his work being outstanding.
- しかしこれは、すべて立川流を邪教視して弾圧した側の文献に依るもので、肝心の立川流の文献はほぼ焚書扱いになっており、また南朝側と北朝側の政治背景から権力闘争に巻き込まれ邪教扱いされたという背景もあるため、それらの教義や儀式などが事実であったかどうかは現在でも議論されるところとなっている。
- However, it is still controversial as to whether the doctrines and rites of Tachikawa School mentioned above were true or not because the above theories are all based on documents written by those who regarded Tachikawa School as a heresy and oppressed it, and most of the documents written by devotees of Tachikawa School, which are vital for verification of the genuineness of those theories, were subjected to book burning and Tachikawa School was treated as a heresy against the backdrop of its involvement in the political power struggle between the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
- 根拠として、本来モンゴル帝国の軍事行動では、事前に兵力100〜1万規模での敵地への威力偵察を数度段階的に行った後、本格的な侵攻を行う場合が多く、また『元史』「日本伝」には元軍の矢がすぐに尽きたという記述が見られることと、3万人程度(中には非戦闘員もいる)という少ない兵力からこの説も根強い。
- This theory is persistent, based upon the following facts; the army of the Mongol Empire in many cases performed several reconnaissances in a phased manner before a serious invasion, with a number of soldiers varying from a hundred to ten thousand; arrows run short soon in the Yuan army as described in 'Nihon Den' of 'Genshi;' and the number of soldiers was small, about thirty thousand (including non-soldiers).
- 主人の軍事行動に当たり家来が手勢を引き連れ参陣し、又は戦場において軍功を挙げた場合(奉公)、主人はこれに対し、その「参陣」「軍功」が単なる私闘・私戦ではなく正当性のある「公戦」におけるものだと認定し、御恩と奉公御恩したり、新領地を恩賞として与えたり(御恩と奉公御恩)すべきものとされていた。
- When vassals participated in military action initiated by their lord with their own soldiers or showed their military exploits on the battlefield (contributing service), the lords were in return required to recognize 'participation' and 'military exploits' of the vassals not for their own private battle or war but for a legitimate 'official battle' in order that they be granted favor and compensated for their service, or receive new territory as a reward (the granting of favor and compensation for service).
- それゆえ、狭義の意味での唐手の歴史は佐久川に始まる(さらに厳密に言えば、佐久川はあくまで「トゥーディー」=中国武術の使い手であり、「日本の武技の手・空手」の起源を考えるならば、佐久川の弟子の松村宗棍以降になる)が、「手」も含めた沖縄の格闘技全般の唐手の歴史は、もちろんそれ以前にさかのぼる。
- Therefore, karate in a more limited sense dates from Sakukawa (more strictly speaking, however, Sakukawa was merely a master of toudee, or Chinese martial arts; when discussing the origin of karate as an art of Japan's martial skills, it has to wait until the era after Sokon MATSUMURA, a pupil of Sakukawa), but of course the history of karate as an Okinawan martial art as a whole, including tee, dates from periods prior to Sakukawa.
- 加えて、合気道の型稽古の技法では、「受けは、多少不利な体勢になってもつかんだ手を離さない」や「受けは背中側をとられたら前足を軸に振り向いて相手についていく」や「多少崩れたら、普通に耐えられそうでも受身を取る、(投げられる)」というように、現代の現実の格闘場面では考え難い前提が存在している。
- Additionally, in aikido's kata training techniques there are assumptions such as 'the defender doesn't let go of the grip even if he/she is in a somewhat disadvantaged position,' 'when the defender is attacked on his back side, he/she turns around on the front foot and follows the opponent,' or 'when balance is lost slightly, perform ukemi even if it feels as if it's tolerable (be thrown),' which are unthinkable in today's actual fights.
- 彼らは戦闘は無論、見張りや防衛工事、消火活動、負傷者の救護、外(連合軍)との秘密の連絡をこなし、柴五郎も「耶蘇教民がいてわれわれを助けなかったならば、われわれ小数の兵にては、とうてい粛親王府は保てなかったかと思われます」、「無事にあの任務を果たせたのも信用し合っていた多くの中国人のお陰でした。
- They not only participated in the battle, but also in patrols, defense construction, fire extinguishment, rescuing of casualties, and conducted secret communication with the outside (allied forces), and even Goro SHIBA reflected, 'if there were no Christians to rescue us, we could not have maintained the government of Prince Su with our small number of soldiers' and 'the mission succeeded due to the trust of many Chinese'.
- 勧悪懲悪(かんあくちょうあく)とは、勧善懲悪において、本来であれば悪に値する存在(強盗、殺し屋、闇金、女衒など)が様々な理由(猛悪に対する正義心や義侠心の発露、仲間の裏切りや取り分の相違、権力闘争、あるいは助平心など)によって、悪と対峙する立場になり、結果的に(他方の視点からして)悪を懲らしめる。
- In Kanaku Choaku, someone considered to belong originally to the evil side (e.g. bandit, hired killer, black-market lender, or woman trafficking broker) is put into a position in conflict with evil for many different reasons (e.g. the emergence of a feeling of justice or a chivalrous spirit against a greater evil, a peer's betrayal, a disagreement about the sharing of the spoils, a power struggle, or greed) and consequently punishes the greater evil (from the other's point of view).
- ここでの「悪友」とは、福澤諭吉らの「平等」や「義」や「独立心」を重んずる思想と違って、福澤らから見れば、閨閥、門閥政治、小中華思想(日本蔑視思想)などの旧弊に固執し血なまぐさい権力闘争を繰り返し、事大主義で外交において信義がなく、外交方針がころころ変わる清国や李氏朝鮮という認識で用いられた言葉である。
- Unlike the thought which put a high value on 'Equality,' 'Righteousness' and 'Independence' by Yukichi FUKUZAWA and others, 'Bad friends' in the 'Datsu-A Ron' was the word used meaning the Qing and Joseon Dynasty Korea where, adhering to their old customs of Keibatsu (network by blood connection), lineage government and petit Sinocentrism (idea of disrespect for Japan), bloody strifes over authority were repeated, being Sadaejuui (Loving and admiring the great and powerful) and faithless in diplomacy and diplomatic policies changed so often.
- 土方から依頼されて新撰組の誠の旗をつくった染物屋の女主人を手ごめにし(女主人は恥じて自殺してしまう)、さらに罪のない職人の親方を斬り捨て、その弟子の職人たちと乱闘(大坂力士乱闘事件の改変)、あげくに親方の妹のお梅をまたも手ごめにする(お梅は発狂)など悪行をくりかえし、最後は土方と沖田たちに成敗される。
- SERIZAWA raped the female owner of the dyer who prepared the Shinsen-gumi's banner of loyalty (the owner was so ashamed that she killed herself), also slashed the master craftsman who was innocent, then scuffled with the craftsmen who were apprentices under the master (modified version of the scuffle with sumo wrestlers in Osaka), furthermore, raped Oume who was the sister of the master (Oume became insane), and continued other vicious deeds; he was eventually slashed as a punishment by HIJIKATA, OKITA and others.
- 太平洋戦争末期の1945年3月21日の九州沖航空戦の際、「神風特別攻撃隊第一神雷桜花隊・第一神雷攻撃隊」(ロケット特攻機「桜花 (航空機)」と、その母機である一式陸上攻撃機で編成された攻撃隊)は、九州南方沖に迫った米海軍高速空母機動部隊に対する攻撃に出撃したものの、敵の艦上戦闘機部隊の迎撃により全滅した。
- During the air battle off Kyushu of March 21, 1945 in the closing days of the Pacific War, the 'First Jinrai Oka Kogekitai and First Jinrai Kogekitai' (attack units comprised of rocket powered 'Oka' (aircraft) and their carrier aircraft, the Type 1 Attack bomber) launched attacks on the US Navy high-speed aircraft carrier task force which was closing in on the southern offshore, but were intercepted and destroyed by enemy carrier-based fighter units.
- そもそも、これらの歴史的事件を評価するときに念頭に置いておかなければならないのは、受領層に対して闘争を行った百姓層とは決して受領の収奪にあえぐ零細な農民などではなく、隷属民や私兵を多数擁して地域支配や産業において莫大な利権を持ち、国衙と負名契約を結んでいた、農業など諸産業の大規模経営者であったということである。
- In evaluating these historical events, we should keep in mind that the farmer class refers not to poor farmers suffering from heavy taxes Zuryo collected but to large-scale managers of agriculture and other industries who had vested rights in the local community and industries with many subordinate people and private solders and had a contract with kokuga over fumyo.
- 金方慶「兵法に『千里の県軍、その鋒当たるべからず』とあり、本国よりも遠く離れ敵地に入った軍は、却って志気が上がり戦闘能力が高まるものである。我が軍は少なしといえども既に敵地に入っている。我が軍は自ずから戦うことになるがこれは秦穆公の孟明の『焚船』や漢の韓信の『背水の陣』の故事に沿うものである。再度戦わせて頂きたい。」
- Bang-gyeong KIM said, 'an art of war teaches us not to fight with an army that has come from far away. It means that entering into the enemy's territory, far away from home, rather raises the morale and fighting strength of the army. Our army is small, but already in the enemy's territory. Although we ourselves are to fight, it is in accordance with historical lessons such as 'burning his own ships to fight' of Ming MENG, who served Duke Mu of Qin, and 'fighting with his back against the river' of Xin HAN, who served the Han Dynasty. Please let us fight again.'
- 新選組が内山を暗殺した動機は、前年、新選組が大阪出張をした際に小野川部屋力士らと乱闘騒ぎを起こした「大阪角力事件」で内山が小野川部屋に協力した疑いがあったことやその吟味が高圧的で近藤との間に確執が起きたための遺恨であるとか、内山が倒幕派志士と結託して米価や油の値を吊り上げていると疑った上での天誅であると言われている。
- It is said that the motive that Shinsengumi assassinated Uchiyama was as follows: Uchiyama was suspected of having cooperated with Onogawa-beya (a sumo stable) in the 'Osaka sumo wrestling incident' that a scuffle occurred between Shinsengumi and sumo wrestlers of Onogawa-beya when Shinsengumi went to Osaka for a business trip in the year before; or the investigation of the incident was aggressive and it caused a feud between Uchiyama and Kondo and then Kondo had a grudge against Uchiyama; or Uchiyama was suspected of having driven up rice price and oil price in conspiracy with supporters of tobakuha (anti-bakufu, crushing-the-bakufu faction) and inflicted a well-deserved punishment on him.
- これを参考に日清戦争直後の明治末から大正にかけて、これまでの技術が主となる内容ではなく教育的効用や精神修養を重んじる風潮となり(剣道家の高野佐三郎の歌にも「剣道は神の教えの道なれば やまと心をみがくこの技」とある)日本の伝統的な戦闘技法である日本武術を大日本帝国臣民としての精神修養としての道とし、学校教育に採用した。
- With reference to this, the trend came to have content that emphasized not the traditional techniques but the educational effect, or mental training, from the end of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, just after the Japanese-Sino War (in the song of the kendo master Sasaburo TAKANO, 'As kendo is the way of God's instructions, cultivate the 'yamato-gokoro' (Japanese spirit) by way of the sword'), and Japanese bujutsu as the way of Japanese traditional fighting skills was adopted in school education as a means to promote mental training in the subject under the Empire of Japan.
- 呉善花は、著書『韓国併合への道』で「少なくとも民族の尊厳の確保に賭けて大アジア主義を掲げ、国内で最大限の努力を傾けた李容九らを売国奴と決めつけ、国内で表立った活動をすることもなく外国で抗日活動を展開した安昌浩や李承晩らを愛国者・抗日の闘士と高く評価するバランス・シートは、私にはまったく不当なものである」と評価している。
- O Seonhwa placed a mention in her book 'Road to the Japan's annexation of Korea', saying, 'it is completely unreasonable for me that, in a balance-sheet, the persons like 李容九 (이용구) who strived in the country to get back our nation's dignity aimed at Asianism are regarded as betrayers, while the persons like Ahn Chang-ho and Syngman Rhee (I Seung-man) who rolled out their anti-Japanese activities out of Korea without taking any particular actions in the country are praised as a patriot or anti-Japanese warrior'.
- 戦国時代における合戦には、示威行動や小競り合いといった、低強度の武力闘争から、戦国時代に含めるか否かは別として、少なくとも戦国時代の延長線上にはある関ヶ原合戦のように、国内を二分しての会戦・決戦といった、後の国家総力戦にある程度擬し得る戦争形態、さらには、文禄・慶長の役である文禄・慶長の役まで、多様な戦争形態が見られる。
- Battles in the Sengoku Period include various forms of war such as armed conflict with low-intensity like demonstrative actions or skirmishes, a form of war that was to a certain extent comparable to later all-out war like the Battle of Sekigahara which was a decisive battle fought by dividing all forces in Japan into two and even if there is a doubt if we can say that it occurred in the Sengoku Period, it was on the extension of the Sengoku Period, and the Bunroku/Keicho War which was war to invade a foreign country.
- また一説によると、一般的に右利きが多く、闘いなどの際右手で刀を抜きやすいように腰の左側に刀を差すことが多いため、刀をさやから抜こうとするときもし和服を左前(右前の逆)に着ていた場合抜こうとした刀が自分の右から流れている衿に引っかかってしまうことがないように、和服を自分の左から右に流れている右前に着るようになったのだという。
- According to another opinion, as right-handed people were predominant in Japan and they bore swords at their left side for convenience of drawing the swords, an increasing number of people began to wear clothes Migimae so as not to have their swords caught in the right-hand sleeves of the clothes worn Hidarimae.
- 何よりも陸奥国の兵(つわもの)を動員しての戦闘であり、義家自身が国解の中で「政事をとどめてひとえにつわもの(兵)をととの」、と述べているように、その間の陸奥国に定められた官物の貢納は滞ったと思われ、その後何年もの間催促されていることが、当時の記録に残る(『中右記』1096年(永長1)12月15日条、1097年(永長2) 2月25日条)。
- Yoshiie, who had led the Mutsu soldiers into battle, reported in the Kokuge, 'stop the politics and organize the soldiers,' and refrained from paying Mutsu Province's tax to the Court, which repeatedly pressed him for several years ('Chuyu-ki,' dated December 15, 1096 and February 25, 1097).
- 日露戦争(にちろせんそう、露語 ルースカ・イポーンスカヤ・ヴァイナー、1904年(明治37年)2月6日 - 1905年(明治38年)9月5日)は、大日本帝国とロシア帝国(ロシアと同盟していたモンテネグロ(当時はモンテネグロ公国)も宣戦布告するも、実際の戦闘には参加せず)との間で朝鮮半島と満州(中国東北部)南部を主戦場として発生した戦争である。
- The Russo-Japanese War (Русско-японская война in Russian, February 6, 1904 - September 5, 1905) was a war which broke out between the Great Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire (Although Montenegro, [Then known as the Principate of Montenegro] which was in an alliance with Russia declared war against Japan, it did not participate battle.) and was primarily fought on the Korean Peninsula and southern Manchuria (northeastern China).
- 家臣の三輪文屋君は、「乘馬詣東國 以乳部爲本 興師還戰 其勝必矣」(東国に難を避け、そこで再起を期し、入鹿を討つべし)と進言するが、山背大兄王は戦闘を望まず「如卿所 其勝必然 但吾情冀 十年不役百姓 以一身之故 豈煩勞萬民 又於後世 不欲民言由吾之故 喪己父母 豈其戰勝之後 方言丈夫哉 夫損身固國 不亦丈夫者歟」(われ、兵を起して入鹿を伐たば、その勝たんこと定し。
- Vassal MIWA no Fumiya no Kimi advised the prince '乘馬詣東國 以乳部爲本 興師還戰 其勝必矣 (Escape to the East and prepare to fight back against Iruka), but the prince didn't want to fight and said '如卿所 其勝必然 但吾情冀 十年不役百姓 以一身之故 豈煩勞萬民 又於後世 不欲民言由吾之故 喪己父母 豈其戰勝之後 方言丈夫哉 夫損身固國 不亦丈夫者歟' (if we take up arms and fight against Iruka, surely we will win.
- つまり、門閥、閨閥政治や中華思想また小中華思想など民族(人種)差別、日本蔑視思想で、「平等」の精神に真っ向から反する思想、親子(姑、嫁)が血みどろの権力闘争を繰り広げ、そのために事大主義に走り独立心がなく外交の一貫性がないこと、と福澤諭吉らから見れば、そう見える朝鮮王朝政府に対し、「天は人の上に人をつくらず...」(『学問のすゝめ』)とする思想を重んじる立場から「脱亜論」に至ったのだ、という解釈がある。
- For Fukuzawa, the government of the Korean Dynasties appeared to be totally against 'Equality' by discrimination by putting too much value on lineage and Keibatsu blood connection, Sinocentrism or petit Sinocentrism and disrespect for Japan as well as families repeating bloody strife over authority, no intention to be independent with their Sadaejuui policy and no consistency in their diplomacy; these things led him to write 'Datsu-A Ron' with his standpoint of 'ten wa hito no ue ni hito o tsukurazu...' (The heavens do not create Man above his station...) ('Gakumon no Susume' [An Encouragement of Learning]).
- またその形稽古の技法が「片手取り」(攻撃者が相手の手首を掴みに来る)「正面打ち」(攻撃者が手刀を振りかぶって打って来る)など、現代の現実の格闘場面では考え難い攻撃法に対処する形になっている(これは合気道の元になった古流柔術が帯刀を前提とした時代のものであり、「抜刀しようと刀の柄に掛けた手を押さえる→片手取り」「刀で斬り掛かって来る→正面打ち」などの場面を想定した稽古法であったことに由来すると言われている)
- Furthermore, the techniques of kata training such as 'katatedori (the attacker grabs the opponent's wrist), 'shomen-uchi strike' (the attacker swings down a tegatana to hit) are forms of response to attacks that are unlikely in today's actual fights (this is due to the fact that old-style jujutsu, which was the origin of aikido, was from the age when a sword on a belt was used, and such training simulates scenes such as 'holding down the hand that was placed on the grip of the sword to draw it, i.e., katatedori' and 'being swung down a sword, i.e., shomen-uchi strike).'
- 出動自衛官は、前条第一項又は第二項の規定にかかわらず、被拘束者の心身の状況、利用可能な輸送手段その他の事情を考慮し、被拘束者がこれらの規定による引渡しのための移動に耐えられないと認めるに足りる相当の理由があるときは、戦闘行為の直接の危険から回避することができる近傍の場所への移動、適切な医薬品等の給与その他の当該被拘束者の状況に応じて可能な範囲の安全措置を講じた上で、直ちに当該被拘束者を放免することができる。
- When there are reasonable grounds to believe that the captive persons cannot endure the transfer for delivery in the light of physical and mental conditions of the captive persons, available means of transport and other circumstances, the SDF personnel under Operations may, notwithstanding the provisions of the paragraph (1) or (2) of the preceding Article, release the captive persons immediately, after taking all feasible precautions in accordance with the relevant situation to ensure their safety, such as bringing them to nearby places where they can avoid the direct danger from combat actions, provision of appropriate medical supplies and such like.
- また、即位後もすぐには大和の地にはいらず、北河内や南山城などの地域を転々とし、即位20年目に大和にはいったことから、大和には継体天皇の即位を認めない勢力があって戦闘状態にあったと考える説(直木孝次郎説)や、継体天皇は女系の天皇で、近江の息長氏などは大王家に妃を何度となく入れているが、継体天皇はその大王家の母方といえる息長氏系統の王位継承資格者で、皇位簒奪のような王朝交替はなかったと考える説(平野邦雄説)がある。
- Since the Emperor Keitai entered Yamato not immediately after the enthronement but the 20th year later after moving from place to place such as Kitakawachi or Minami-yamashiro, there are two following theories: One that considers due to a power in Yamato which didn't allow the enthronement of Emperor Keitai, the region was in the combat situation (theory by Kojiro NAOKI) and the other that, since Keitai, the emperor of the maternal side, was a successor to the throne in the linage of the Okinaga clan in Omi, which daughters often married those in the great king family, there was no such change of dynasties as usurpation of imperial throne (theory by Kunio HIRANO).
- しかし、市村高男は『東国の戦国合戦』(吉川弘文館・2009年刊)で「合戦の主体となる正規の軍隊はどのようにして軍資金等を確保することができたのか」、「敵地には略奪するほどの諸物資が存在したのであろうか」、「社会状況の具体的な提示があるものの、戦闘に至る直接の契機についてはもとより、それらの社会状況と合戦を開始する権力側のいきさつがどのように関連していたのか」など、数々の疑問を呈しており、今後の議論が待たれている。
- However, Takao ICHIMURA raised many questions in his book, 'Togoku no Sengoku Kassen' (Battles in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) during the Sengoku period) (published by Yoshikawa Kobunkan Inc. in 2009), like 'how the official army forming the main constituent in battle secured war funds and so on,' 'whether the enemy territory was plundered and various kinds of goods looted,' 'although the social condition was presented concretely, it is wonder how a situation of the authority side starting the battle as well as a direct opportunity leading to the battle was related to such social conditions,' and so on, and future discussions are expected.
- しかし、環濠集落の出現は、未だ戦闘の証拠がほとんどない弥生時代早期にさかのぼること(福岡県江辻遺跡、同那珂遺跡群など)、受傷人骨などの事例から戦乱が頻発したと考えられる前期後半~中期前半、特に中期初頭以降の北部九州ではむしろ環濠集落の事例は少ないこと、しばしば環濠を掘削する際に排出された土を利用して環濠の外側に盛り土をした痕跡のある事例が報告されているが、環濠の外側に盛り土をすることによって、外敵を有利にしてしまう(外敵は、盛り土を矢避けにしたり、盛り土の上から攻撃できる)ことなどから、環濠集落と戦乱とを直接的に関連づける、すなわち環濠集落を防衛集落と考える研究者は最近では少なくなってきている。
- However, recently not many researchers consider moat settlements as defensive and directly related with wars, for several reasons such as; the emergence of moat settlement goes back to earlier Yayoi period when there was very little evidence of battles (Etsuji site and Nakai sites in Fukuoka Prefecture), less moat settlements are excavated from northern Kyushu in the latter half of early period to first half of middle period, especially beginning of middle period when frequent wars were thought to have occurred from the evidence of human bones with trauma, and banks were created outside the moat in some cases using soil dug up to make the moat, which gives an advantage to the enemy (Enemy can use the bank as a shield against arrows and also can attack from the top of a bank.)