関東: 1000 Terms and Phrases

• 関東
• Kantou (eastern half of Japan, including Tokyo)
• Sekitou
• Sekihigashi
• Kanto region
• Kanto area

• 関東風
• Kanto-style sukiyaki
• Kanto style (eastern style)

• 関東沢
• Kantouzawa

• 関東台
• Kantoudai

• 関東節
• Kantoubushi

• 関東森
• Kantoumori

• 関東州
• Kwantung
• The Kwantung Leased Territory
• Kanto-shu

• 関東町
• Kantoumachi

• 南関東
• Minamikantou
• South Kanto region
• Minami-Kanto
• South Kanto area
• Southern Kanto region
• In the southern Kanto region

• 関東弁
• Kantou dialect

• 関東軍
• Kwantung Army (Japanese armed forces in Manchukuo)
• Kantougun

• 関東煮
• oden
• dish of various ingredients, e.g. egg, daikon, potato, chikuwa, konnyaku, etc. stewed in soy-flavored dashi

• 関東屋
• Kantouya

• 北関東
• Kitakantou
• North Kanto region
• Kita-Kanto
• Northern Kanto region

• 関東経営
• Kanto Regional Management

• 関東十刹
• Kanto Jissetsu

• 関東山地
• Kantousanchi

• 関東平野
• Kantouheiya
• Kantō Plain

• 関東八州
• eight Edo-period provinces of Kanto (Sagami, Musashi, Awa, Kazusa, Shimousa, Hitachi, Kouzuke & Shimotsuke)

• 関東地方
• Kanto region (inc. Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures)
• The Kanto district
• Kantō region

• 関東炊き
• oden
• dish of various ingredients, e.g. egg, daikon, potato, chikuwa, konnyaku, etc. stewed in soy-flavored dashi

• 関東煮き
• oden
• dish of various ingredients, e.g. egg, daikon, potato, chikuwa, konnyaku, etc. stewed in soy-flavored dashi

• 霞ケ関東
• Kasumigasekihigashi

• 関東銀行
• Kanto Bank, Limited

• 関東屋町
• Kantouyachou

• 霞ヶ関東
• Kasumigasekihigashi

• 関東形式
• Kanto style

• 関東地震
• Kanto Earthquake
• Kantō earthquakes

• 関東八景
• Eight Views of Gwandong

• 関東御分国
• Kanto Gobunkoku

• 北越・関東
• Hokuetsu, Kanto region

• 関東村跡地
• Kantoumuraatochi

• 大関東支夫
• Oozeki Toshio

• 関東ローム
• Kanto loam

• 関東大震災
• Great Kanto earthquake of 1923
• Kantoudaishinsai
• 1923 Great Kantō earthquake

• 関東甲信越
• Kantoukoushin'etsu

• 関東の料理
• Dishes in the Kanto region

• 関東管領。
• He served as a Kanto Kanrei (A shogunal deputy for the Kanto region).

• 関東短期大学
• Kanto Junior College

• 関東中央病院
• Kantouchuuou Hospital

• 関東逓信病院
• Kantouteishin Hospital

• 関東社会学会
• Kantoh Sociological Society

• 関東労災病院
• Kanto Rosai Hospital

• 関東電化工場
• Kantoudenka Factory

• 関東電気協会
• Kanto Electric Association

• 関東十八檀林
• eighteen centers of Buddhist learning (of the Pure Land sect in the Kanto region)

• 関東教育学会
• Kanto Educational Research Society

• 関東学院大学
• Kantou Gakuin University

• 関東学園大学
• Kantou Gakuen University

• 関東ローム層
• Kanto loam formation
• Kwanto-loam

• 関東での布教
• Propagation in the Kanto Region

• 関東財務局長
• the Director-General of the Kanto Finance Bureau.

• 関東の落語家
• Rakugoka in the Kanto region
• Associations or schools to which rakugo-ka in the Kanto region belong

• 関東管領就任
• Assumption of Kanto Kanrei

• 関東自動車工場
• Kantoujidousha Factory

• 関東鉄道常総線
• Kantoutetsudoujousousen
• Joso Line

• 東関東自動車道
• Higashikantou Expressway
• Higashi-Kantō Expressway

• 一関東工業団地
• Ichikantou Industrial Park

• 東北関東大震災
• Tohoku earthquake (March 11, 2011)
• Sendai earthquake

• 関東医療少年院
• Kantouiryou Reform School

• 関東造谷地運動
• Kanto basin-forming movement

• 関東造盆地運動
• Kanto basin-forming movement

• 関東のぜんざい
• Zenzai in the Kanto Region

• 初代関東管領。
• The first Kanto Kanrei (A shogunal deputy for the Kanto region).

• 越中・関東出兵
• Dispatch of troops to Ecchu Province and Kanto region

• 関東武士団の挙兵
• The Raising of Forces by the Kanto Bushi Group

• 関東のちらし寿司
• Chirashizushi of the Kanto region

• 江戸から関東各地
• From Edo to Kanto provinces

• 関東特殊製鋼工場
• Kantoutokushuseikou Factory

• 関東鉄道竜ヶ崎線
• Kantoutetsudouryuugasakisen
• Ryugasaki Line

• 関東電化水島工場
• Kantoudenkamizushima Factory

• 関東国際ゴルフ場
• Kantoukokusai golf links

• 関東ふれあいの道
• Kantoufureainomichi

• 関東大戦と大団円
• The great battle of Kanto and Denouement

• 浄土宗関東総本山。
• Grand Head Temple in Kanto region of Jodo-shu sect

• 関東大仏造営料唐船
• Kanto-daibutsu zoeiryotosen

• JR関東エリアパス
• JR Kanto Area Pass

• 鎌倉時代の関東御分国
• Kanto Gobunkoku during the Kamakura period

• 関東 (曖昧さ回避)
• Guandong

• 関東大戦（対管領戦）
• The great battle of Kanto (The war against Kanrei)

• 関東ではササが標準。
• Bamboo leaves are normally used in the Kanto region.

• 関東で特に盛んである。
• It is particularly active in Kanto.

• 関東自動車工業岩手工場
• Kantoujidoushakougyouiwate Factory

• 関東風と関西風の境界線
• Boundary between areas using Kanto type soup broth and those using Kansai type

• 大正バブル＋関東大震災
• Taisho economic bubble and the Kanto Great Earthquake

• 東京を中心とする関東地方
• The Kanto region centering around Tokyo

• 関東地方に集中していた。
• Most fujimi yaguras were buillt in the Kanto region.

• 関東では、焼く前に蒸す。
• In Kanto, eel is steamed before broiling.

• - 関東三大梅林のひとつ
• This is one of the three largest Japanese plum forests in the Kanto region.

• 藤原秀郷流の関東の豪族。
• He was related to Gozoku (local ruling family) of the FUJIWARA no Hidesato line in the Kanto region.

• これは関東風と同じである。
• This is how sukiyaki is eaten according to the Kanto-style.

• （関東地方における海苔巻）
• (This is equivalent to Norimaki in the Kanto region.)

• 警察組織・・・関東州の警察
• Police organization ⋯ Police of the Kwantung Leased Territory

• 郵　便・・・逓信省関東逓信局
• Mail service ⋯ The Ministry of Communication, Kwantung Communication bureau

• 越後配流された後、関東で布教。
• After being exiled to Echigo, propagated in Kanto.

• 薄味だが、「関東煮」ともいう。
• Although Oden in this city is lightly seasoned, it is also called 'Kanto daki.'

• 一益は関東の上野国厩橋城にいた。
• Kazumasu was in the Umayabashi-jo Castle in Kozuke Province.

• には関東取締出役が置かれている。
• In 1805, Kanto Dsciplinary Police Agency (Kanto Torishimari Shutsuyaku) was established.

• 上方と関東では演出がかなり違う。
• Staging style of Kamigata and that of Kanto are quite different.

• 店舗も関東一円にしか存在しない。
• Its outlets are only in throughout the Kanto.

• 麻の糸(関東)・高砂人形（関西）
• Hemp yarn (in the Kanto region), Takasago ningyo (dolls of old man and woman) (in the Kansai region)

• また関東管領との意見対立も続いた。
• Also there were continual clashes of opinion between Kamakura kubo and Kanto kanrei.

• しかし尊氏は無断で関東に出兵する。
• However, Takauji sent troops to the Kanto region without permission.

• 関東御領 - 将軍が本所である荘園
• Kanto domains - manors whose honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor) was shogun.

• 50歳半ば頃、関東地方各地を放浪。
• When he was in his mid-fifties, he wandered various places in the Kanto region.

• 生まれてまもなく関東大震災に被災。
• Not long after he was born, Suzuki's home was devastated by the Great Kanto Earthquake.

• 続いて関東申次・院評定衆も務める。
• Then he assumed the posts of Kanto-moshitsugi (liaison officer between the shogunate and the court) and In no hyojoshu (the Retired Emperor's councillor).

• 関東地方で発達した最も一般的な醤油。
• Koikuchi soy-sauce is the most common soy-sauce developed in Kanto region.

• 後に義父とともに関東申次に就任する。
• He later assumed the position of Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)) with his father-in-law.

• 三関から東は東国または関東と呼ばれた。
• All the land east of the three major barrier stations was called either Togoku (the Eastern lands) or Kanto (literally 'east of the barriers').

• 滝川一益は関東地方へ出陣中で欠席した。
• Kazumasu TAKIGAWA was absent because he was at war in the Kanto region.

• 関東御分国 - 将軍に与えられた知行国
• Kanto gobunkoku - provincial territories belonging to the Kamakura Bakufu.

• 関東大震災物故者追悼法会 - 9月1日
• Memorial service for the deceased in the Great Kanto Earthquake - On September 1

• 関東の千歳飴は水飴と砂糖を材料とする。
• In Kanto, chitoseame's materials are thick malt syrup and sugar.

• 藤原秀郷流の関東の豪族、伊賀朝光の娘。
• She was a daughter of IGA no Tomomitsu, who was a gozoku (a member of a local ruling family) from the FUJIWARA no Hidesato house based in the Kanto region.

• その父は関東に背き謀反を企て逃亡した。
• But the baby's father stood against Kanto and fled.

• 1395年3月には関東管領に就任する。
• He was assigned to be a Kanto Kanrei (shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) in March, 1395.

• 5月、関東に出陣して厩橋城で越年する。
• In June 1560, Kagetora departed for the front in the Kanto region, and remained at Umayabashi-jo Castle for the rest of the year.

• 東国（関東）での布教は、約20年間及ぶ。
• His missionary work in the Kanto region lasted about 20 years.

• 八犬伝では関東大戦の際に合戦が行われた。
• A war was fought there during the great battle of Kanto in Hakkenden.

• 日本三名園の一つ、また関東三大梅林の一つ
• It is one of the three most outstanding gardens in Japan and of the three major Japanese plum gardens in the Kanto region.

• 歴代皇后の内で、初めて関東に陵が営まれた。
• As an Empress, the Empress Teimei was the first Empress among successive Empresses who had an Imperial mausoleum built in the Kanto area.

• 鎌倉幕府による武家役は関東公事と呼ばれた。
• The bukeyaku imposed by the Kamakura bakufu was called Kanto-kuji (public duties).

• 関東では最北に位置する落人伝承の村である。
• In the Kanto region, this is the northernmost village where an oral tradition of Ochudo has been passed down.

• 関東では多様な表現での石仏が多く彫られた。
• In the Kanto region, various types of stone Buddhist images were carved.

• 関東ではこういった風習、名称は聞かれない。
• In the Kanto region, such customs and names are not heard.

• 関東雛と京雛では男雛と女雛の並ぶ位置は逆。
• The positions of the obina and the mebina are reversed between the Kyoto styled dolls and the Kanto styled dolls.

• うどんのつゆは関東と近畿では異なっている。
• There are some differences in Udon noodle soup broth between the Kanto and the Kinki regions.

• 早くから尊氏に仕え、関東廂番に任ぜられた。
• He served for Takauji from his early years, and was appointed as hisashi ban (a person who keeps the night watch staying under the eaves of building) of the Kanto area.

• 彼が関東・甲信越地域の競争参加資格を有する。
• He qualified to participate in the Kanto-Koshinetsu competition.

• 「関東三大壇林」の1つに数えられるに至った。
• And his danrin came to be known as one of the 'three major danrin in Kanto.'

• なお、この墓石は、関東大震災により紛失した。
• This gravestone is lost at the time of the Great Kanto Earthquake.

• 1908年（明治41年）関東都督府技師となる
• 1908: He took an engineer post at Kantototokufu (Japan's Guandong Governor-General Office).

• 義国は事件を起し関東の地で蟄居の身であった。
• Yoshikuni was under house arrest in the Kanto region due to an offense he had committed.

• これにより関東政権（後の鎌倉幕府）が樹立する。
• This was the establishment of the Kanto government (later, the Kamakura bakufu).

• 彼らはいずれも関東に土着した武士団を形成した。
• They all established the Samurai forces that settled in the Kanto area.

• 調査地域は九州から関東の15府県に渡っている。
• His study region was quite wide and he investigated areas in 15 prefectures, from Kyushu to the Kanto region.

• その招きにより数度に渡って関東を訪問している。
• He visited Kanto several times at the invitation of the Shogun.

• 戦乱を避けて晩年を関東で過ごし、70歳で死去。
• Avoiding wars, he spent the later stages of his life in Kanto and died at the age of 70.

• 関東エリアの新幹線や特急列車が3日間乗り放題。
• It includes unlimited rides for three days on Shinkansen and Limited Express rains in the Kanto Area.

• 北関東では、大麦を使った赤味噌が造られている。
• In Kita Kanto (Northern Kanto), red miso made from barley is produced.

• 関東御成敗地に関しては幕府が地頭の補任権を持つ。
• The feudal government had the authority to assign Jito in Kanto goseibaichi (provinces, manors and provincial lands where the shogun families of Kamakura bakufu possess the power to appoint/dismiss Jito).

• 分布地域は主に関東であるが、日本全国に分布する。
• Itahis are distributed throughout Japan, though mainly in the Kanto region.

• 大正12年（1923年）：関東大震災、 甘粕事件
• 1923: The Great Kanto Earthquake, Amakasu Incident

• 一方上杉側はこの後もすぐに関東へ出兵している）。
• On the other hand, the Uesugi side sent its troops to Kanto immediately after the battle as well).

• 1647年（正保4）　関東に下向し東叡山に入る。
• He 'descended' from Kyoto to the Kanto (Eastern part of Japan) in 1647 and assumed residence on Mt. Toei.

• 関西と関東では、次のような調理法のちがいがある。
• There are differences in the cooking methods between Kansai and Kanto as below.

• 犬塚信乃に攻め落とされ、関東大戦でも占領された。
• It was captured by Shino INUZUKA and conquered again in the great battle of Kanto.

• 今では関東の多くの寺社で開催されるようになった。
• Now, it is held in many temples and shrines in the Kanto region.

• 一族には織田信長の重臣で関東管領滝川一益がいる。
• Among his clan was Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, who was a senior vassals of Nobunaga ODA and the shogun deputy for the Kanto region.

• その後も、戦いは関東地方各地を二分して展開した。
• The battles still continued in the Kanto region divided and ruled by two powers.

• 6月3日卯の刻、関東方を迎え討つべく京を発する。
• On July 1, at the hour of the hare, he departed Kyoto in order to confront the Kanto side.

• 幕府は関東での事態に対して、持氏討伐の兵を下す。
• Against this situation in Kanto region, Bakufu defeated Mochiie's suppression army.

• 北関東各地を遊説して同志を募り、軍用金を集めた。
• They went around the northern Kanto area to gather followers and money.

• 11月、再び関東に出て氏康と戦う（生野山合戦）。
• In December 1561, Masatora returned to the Kanto region, and fought with Ujiyasu (the Battle of Mt. Ikuno).

• 追い込まれた義弘は関東公方足利満兼と密約を結んだ。
• Trapped into a corner, Yoshihiro made a secret alliance with Mitsukane ASHIKAGA, the kubo (official in charge) of the Kanto region.

• 関東以外でも反平氏勢力の動向は活発となっていった。
• Anti-Taira clan forces in areas other than Kanto became more active.

• 関東地方 - 太平洋沖には神津島黒曜石原産地がある
• Kanto region: Obsidian is produced in Kozu-shima Island in the offshore of the Pacific Ocean.

• 日本では関東大震災後に同潤会アパートが建設された。
• In Japan, Dojunkai Apartment were constructed after the Great Kanto Earthquake.

• 武蔵野うどん地域や北関東地方でよく用いられている。
• Such eating style is popular in regions manufacturing Musashino Udon noodles as well as in north Kanto.

• 関東では背開きにしていったん蒸し上げたものを焼く。
• In the Kanto region, eel is broiled after it is cut open along the back and steamed first.

• 消費量も関東の鱧消費量は関西の十分の一程度である。
• In terms of consumption, the consumption of conger pike in Kanto is about one tenth of the amount in the Kansai region.

• 関東などでは、天かす（揚げ玉）をのせたものを指す。
• In the areas such as the Kanto region, Tanuki soba means a bowl of noodles in hot soup with tenkasu (crunchy bits of deep-fried tempura batter produced as a byproduct of cooking tempura) on top.

• 関東発祥だが、近年は全国的にみられるようになった。
• Although the origin is Kanto, it has been used nation-wide in recent years.

• 同時期に、関東では甲斐源氏の武田信義も挙兵していた。
• At the same time, Nobuyoshi TAKEDA of the Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) had raised forces in Kanto as well.

• 関東などの東日本では五目ちらし・五目すしと呼ばれる。
• It is called gomokuchirasi or gomokuzushi in eastern Japan such as the Kanto area.

• それが頼朝の元への関東武士団の結束力の源泉であった。
• It was the origin for the unification of the Kanto region bushidan by Yoritomo.

• そして関東の後北条氏、奥州の伊達氏へと矛先を移した。
• He turned his fire on the Gohojo clan in Kanto and the Date clan in Oshu (Northern Honshu, the region encompassing Mutsu and Dewa provinces).

• 関東進止所領 - 将軍が地頭を任免できる荘園・国衙領
• Kanto shinshishoryo - manors and kokugaryo for which the shogun possessed the power to appoint and dismiss Jito.

• 藤村正員は庸軒の次男で、大阪の関東屋の養子となった。
• Born as the second son of Yoken, Shoin FUJIMURA became an adopted son of Kantoya, a tea dealer in Osaka.

• 関東地方では珍しく、墳丘は上円下方の形態をとどめる。
• It is a rare case in Kanto region that this unique two-stepped tumulus with a circular upper and a rectangular bottom has preserved its original form.

• 関東では、米菓煎餅を焼いて売る煎餅屋も多くみられる。
• In the Kanto region, there is a number of senbei shops which specialize in making and selling beika-senbei.

• 他に日本海側でも関東風・関西風つゆ境界線が実在する。
• Furthermore, a boundary between Kanto-type soup broth and Kansai-type soup broth also exists in the Japan Sea area.

• 関東地方の場合、牛肉を使用したのを「開化丼」と呼ぶ。
• In the Kanto region, donburimono using beef is called 'kaika-don.'

• 酉の市で縁起物を買う風習は、関東地方特有の年中行事。
• The tradition of buying lucky charms in Tori no ichi is an annual event unique to the Kanto region.

• しかし、関東各地にある鷲神社との関係は明らかでない。
• However, it is not clear how it relates to Otori-jinja Shrines throughout the Kanto region.

• これに関東大石氏の伝承も絡まって、諸事不鮮明である。
• It remains unclear as to who the real first head of the Kiso family was, as there are various speculations, including the tradition handed down within the Oishi family of Kanto Region.

• 京都に惣検校が、一時は江戸にも関東惣検校が置かれた。
• So-kengyo was placed in Kyoto, and Kanto so-kengyo was placed in Edo for a while.

• 享禄元年（1528年）、関東へ下って足利学校に学ぶ。
• In 1528, he went down east to study at Ashikaga-Gakko School.

• 関東都督府博物館（中華人民共和国大連市、1918年）
• The Kantototokufu museum (built in 1918 and located in Dalian City, the People's Republic of China)

• そのため、河内源氏の勢力は関東でも徐々に衰え始める。
• As a result, the power of Kawachi-Genji in Kanto gradually diminished as well.

• 滝川一益 - 上野厩橋城で関東管領として北条勢と対峙中
• Kazumasu TAKIGAWA: Holding out as Kanto Kanrei (shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) against the Hojo forces at Umayabashi Castle-jo in Kozuke Province.

• 建久6年（1195年）には頼朝に随って再度関東に下向。
• In 1195, Chukai accompanied MINAMOTO no Yoritomo to Kanto once again.

• 関東に移封された徳川家康の保護により、勢力を回復する。
• Later, it recovered its clout under the protection of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA who had been transferred to Kanto.

• ウンシュウミカンは主に関東地方以南の暖地で栽培される。
• Unshu mikan grows south of the Kanto region where the climate is mild.

• 関東（吉原）の太夫用のかんざしセットの中にも含まれる。
• They are included in a set of kanzashi for tayu (the highest ranking yujo) in the Kanto region (Yoshiwara).

• 関東地方以西ではほとんどの前方後円墳の規模が縮小した。
• Most of those built in the west of the Kanto region were smaller in size.

• 関東では具の入ったうどんを「種物（たねもの）」と呼ぶ。
• In the Kanto region, Udon noodles with toppings are called 'Tanemono.'

• 関東では羽二重、関西では一越縮緬を使用することが多い。
• In the Kanto region, Mofuku is made of silk fabric used as a cloth for lining high-quality kimono, and in Kansai region, it is made of a kind of silk crepe called hitokoshi Chirimen.

• だが、間もなくして関東大震災で焼けてしまったのである。
• However, soon it was destroyed in a fire in the Great Kanto Earthquake.

• 風流系の獅子舞は関東地方・東北地方に主に分布している。
• The Furyu school of shishimai is seen mainly in the Kanto and Tohoku regions.

• 奥羽越列藩同盟に関与し、北関東から東北地方を転戦した。
• He participated in Ouetsu Reppan Domei (Northern Alliance or a Japanese military-political coalition) and continued fighting while moving from the North Kanto to Tohoku (the northeast of Japan).

• 関東は、お才らのやりとりの時に水色の絹の衣装に着替える。
• In Kanto, Kanpei changes his costume to the blue-colored silk one while Osai is conversing with others.

• 論理的な上方と耽美的な関東の芸風の相違点がうかがわれる。
• The difference between the logical performance style of Kamigata and the aesthetic style of Kanto can be seen.

• 関東大震災という大事件ののち昭和という時代がはじまった。
• The Showa period began (in 1926) soon after the major disaster, namely, the Great Kanto Earthquake (1923).

• 永禄3年（1560年）、大義名分を得た景虎は関東へ出陣。
• In 1590, gaining a legitimate reason, Kagetora led his forces to Kanto.

• 忠次の次男伊奈忠治の系統は旗本となり関東郡代を世襲した。
• The lineage of Tadaharu INA, the second son of Tadatsugu, became a hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun) family, inheriting the post of Kanto gundai for generations.

• 相模（関東運輸局神奈川運輸支局相模自動車検査登録事務所）
• Sagami (Sagami Office for Motor Vehicle Inspection and Registration, Kanagawa Transport Branch Office,Kanto District Transport Bureau)

• 鎌倉幕府の存立は、武士、特に関東武士団を基盤としていた。
• The existence of Kamakura bakufu was based on samurai, especially Kanto Samurai Group.

• 北関東には行田のフライと呼ばれるお好み焼きの一種がある。
• In north Kanto, there is a kind of okonomiyaki called Gyoda no furai (Gyoda's fry).

• 関東軍司令部（現・中国共産党吉林省委員会）（1934年）
• The General Headquarters of Kwantung Army (Japanese armed forces in Manchukuo) (present day Jilin Province committee of Chinese Communist Party) (in 1934)

• 関東の水墨画のなかでも極めて独自性が高い画風を確立した。
• Of all the ink-wash paintings in the Kanto region, Sesson established an extremely unique painting style.

• その後、関東風が定着し江戸での関西風の鰻屋は姿を消した。
• Later, the Kanto-style became popular, and the Kansai-style eel restaurants disappeared from Edo.

• 関東のつゆは濃いめなので、ちょっと浸すことで十分なため。
• Dipping a bit of soba in the sauce will be enough as it is highly seasoned in the Kanto region.

• 九州では、濃口でも関東地方のものに比べ、比較的色は黒い。
• In Kyusyu, koikuchi soy-sauce is darker than that of the Kanto region.

• 同年9月1日の関東大震災で首都は壊滅、玄文社は解体した。
• On September 1, 1923, Tokyo was destroyed completely by the Great Kanto Earthquake and Gentosha was dissolved.

• 親鸞の越後や関東での布教に同行し、長く行動をともにする。
• She followed Shinran in his propagation activities in Echigo Province and Kanto region, and acted along with him for long.

• 一部には関東や河内にあって源平の戦いに参戦した者もいた。
• Some were in the Kanto region or Kawachi Province and participated in the Genpei War (the war between the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan).

• また、この頃関東では、上杉憲実により足利学校が再興される。
• And in the Kanto during this same period, Norizane UESUGI worked to restore the Ashikaga Academy.

• 頼朝勢が関東地方を制圧すると、12月に義重は鎌倉へ参じる。
• When Yoritomo's force subdued Kanto region, Yoshishige called at Kamakura in December.

• 関東御成敗地 - 将軍家が地頭任免権を持つ国・荘園・国衙領
• Kanto goseibaichi - provinces, manors and kokugaryo for which the shogun family possessed the power to appoint/dismiss Jito.

• 元禄3年（1690年）、輪王寺門跡に就任し関東に下向する。
• In 1690, he was appointed as the Monzeki of Rinno-ji Temple and went to the Kanto region.

• また、関東地方の一部などでは巫女が仮面を嵌める場合もある。
• In some areas of the Kanto region, mikomai dances are performed by masked dancers as well.

• ちなみに関東では丸型、関西では角型のものを使ったとされる。
• It is believed that round shape products were used in the Kanto region and square shape products were used in the Kansai region.

• そして関東地方を除くと埴輪も使用されないようになっていく。
• Furthermore, the use of haniwa (burial mound figurines) came to a halt, except in the Kanto region.

• 熊本県水俣市の菓子で関東でに今川焼きと呼ばれる饅頭の一種。
• It is a sweet of Minamata City, Kumamoto Prefecture, and a type of manju called imagawa yaki in the Kanto region.

• 1923年の関東大震災以降、娘義太夫の人気は急速に衰えた。
• After the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, the popularity of musume-gidayu declined rapidly.

• 安田財閥の松廼舎文庫に納められたが、関東大震災で焼失した。
• It was stored in Matsunoyabunko (the library of Matsunoya) of Yasuda Zaibatsu, but it was destroyed in the fire in the Great Kanto Earthquake.

• これは、肉食文化が、関西では牛肉中心、関東では豚肉が中心。
• Supposedly this reflects the difference of preference of meats between the Kansai area where beef is more regularly eaten and the Kanto area where pork is more common.

• 関東管領上杉顕定の養嗣子として、山内上杉氏の当主となった。
• He became the head of the Yamauchi-Uesugi clan as an adopted heir of Kanto Kanrei (A shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) Akisada UESUGI.

• 一方、貞方の庶子堀江貞政は南関東の武蔵国稲毛に逃れたという。
• On the other hand, an illegitimate child of Sadakata, Sadamasa HORIE is said to have fled to Inage, Musashi Province in Southern Kanto region.

• 関東御口入地 - 将軍が地頭職を推薦、斡旋できる荘園、国衙領
• Kanto gokunyuchi - manors and provincial lands for which the shogun had the right to recommend Jito.

• 従って、童舞は特に関東地方においては希少価値がきわめて高い。
• Therefore, the Dobu dance has value as a rarity, particularly in the Kanto region.

• 備前日置の流れである浦上一派は関東を中心として活動している。
• The Urakami group, which belongs to schoolof Bizen-Heki, is popular mainly in Kanto.

• 衽のような竪衿がついた関西仕立てと通し衿の関東仕立てがある。
• There are two kinds of nagajuban; Kansai-tailored type with a gusset-like stand-up collar, Kanto-tailored type with a toshieri collar.

• しかし正確には東日本、特に関東地方の銭湯に特有のものである。
• However, precisely speaking, this mural painting is peculiar to the sento of eastern Japan, especially the Kanto region.

• 京都や関東などでは刻みキャベツを入れるなどのものも存在する。
• Some takoyaki also contain shredded cabbage in Kyoto and Kanto.

• 関東圏では映画説明者、関西圏では映画解説者とも名乗っていた。
• They called themselves movie interpreters in Kanto area, and movie narrators in Kansai area.

• 同年4月15日に関東管領に任じられ、28日には鎌倉へ戻った。
• The same year April 15, he was appointed to serve as Kanto Kanrei, and on the 28th, he returned back to Kamakura.

• 住友務の弟勝は、元関東電工会長の浅野八郎の娘桃枝を娶っている。
• Tsutomu SUMITOMO's younger brother Masaru married Momoe, a daughter of Hachiro ASANO, the president of the former Kanto Denko.

• なおこの時滝川一益は関東管領に任ぜられていたともいわれている。
• It is also said that Kazumasu TAKIGAWA was appointed to Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) at that time.

• 関東において広く浄土教を布教し、時には日蓮と争うなどしている。
• He widely propagated Jodokyo Buddhism through Kanto area, occasionally competed against Nichiren.

• 東京など関東地域でいう『半玉』もしくは『おしゃく』に相当する。
• It corresponds to 'Hangyoku (child geisha, apprentice entertainer)' or 'Oshaku (person pouring alcohol for guests or customers)' in the Kanto region.

• 東京とその周辺地域「関東エリア」をカバーするお得なフリーパス。
• The JR Kanto Area Pass is an economical unlimited travel pass that covers Tokyo and the surrounding areas, the 'Kanto Area.'

• ちなみに江戸でも1800年頃、関東風と関西風の鰻屋が混在した。
• Incidentally, both Kanto-style and Kansai-style eel restaurants existed side by side in Edo around 1800.

• 関東、東北に登場し、遠く離れて九州　福岡でも見られるおでん種。
• This is an ingredient that appears in Kanto and Tohoku, and is also seen in far-away Fukuoka in Kyushu.

• 濃口しょうゆとしては色は薄い（関東の濃口と関西の淡口の中間）。
• For koikuchi soy-sauce, it is lighter in color (the color is between the koikuchi soy-sauce in the Kanto region and the usukuchi soy-sauce in the Kansai region).

• 享徳の乱において、鎌倉公方足利成氏と関東管領上杉氏が対立する。
• In the Kyotoku War, the Kamakura kubo (governor-general of the Kanto region) Shigeuji ASHIKAGA feuded with Kanto kanrei, the Uesugi clan.

• 親鸞が関東からの帰京する際の恵信尼の動向については、諸説ある。
• There are several views on how Eshinni acted when Shinran returned from Kanto to Kyoto.

• この重房が室町時代に関東管領・大名などを出す上杉氏の祖である。
• This Shigefusa was the ancestor of the Uesugi clan from which later generated Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) and Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) in the Muromachi Period.

• ヲチト云事、世阿弥ト不和ニテ、関東ヘ落下タル故ト云節（説）有。
• Some people say that the reason why he was called Ochi (which means to go down) was because he went down to Kanto after a disagreement with Zeami.

• これが鎌倉幕府における関東申次の始まりであると考えられている。
• This is considered to be the start of the Kamukura bakufu's Kanto-moshitsugi.

• 源頼朝の鎌倉政権（後の鎌倉幕府）より初代関東申次に任ぜられた。
• He was appointed the first Kanto-moshitsugi (liaison officer to the court) by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's Kamakura government (later the Kamakura bakufu, Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 1243年に初めて関東に赴いて、同地の仏教事情を調査している。
• In 1243, he headed to Kanto for the first time and conducted the research of circumstances of the Buddhism in the area.

• この建物は大正12年（1923年）の関東大震災により崩壊した。
• This building was collapsed by the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923.

• 1590年8月に関東に移し替えとなった徳川家康が江戸に入城した。
• In August 1590, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA who was transferred to Kanto, entered the Edo-jo Castle.

• 関東の諸大名の多くが景虎に付き、その軍勢は10万に膨れ上がった。
• Many of the daimyo in Kanto supported Kagetora, and his forces increased to 10,000 soldiers.

• 愚老若き頃、其山臥物　語せられしは、我関東より毎年大峯へのぼる。
• When I was young, the yamabushi said to me 'I used to visit Mount Omine from Kanto every year'.

• また、関西本線や北陸本線などにも関東風・関西風境界線が実在する。
• Furthermore, there is also a boundary between Kanto-type soup broth and Kansai-type soup broth on the Kansai Line, Hokuriku Line, Kise line, and so on.

• だが、直後の関東大震災によって梅若六郎家は能舞台を失ってしまう。
• But the Great Kanto Earthquake, which occurred soon after the foundation of the school, destroyed the Noh stage of the Rokuro UMEWAKA family.

• 関東のかりんとうは生地の発酵を長めに行い、比較的柔らかくて軽い。
• With karinto made in the Kanto region, the dough is allowed to rise for a longer period of time and the finished karinto is relatively soft and light.

• 関東では「大辛」（おおがら、おおから、おおっから）とも呼ばれる。
• In the Kanto region it's also called 'Ogara,' 'Okara' and 'Okkara.'

• 関東地方では、おかずとして食べる場合にも砂糖を加える家庭が多い。
• In the Kanto Region, sweetened tamagoyaki is popular as an everyday side dish.

• 関東と同じく、魚卵の数が多いことから子孫繁栄を願って食べられた。
• As in the kanto style, kazunoko has been eaten to pray for the prosperity of descendants because the number of roe is large.

• 北海道・東北地方では、基本的に関東の食文化に準ずる使い方をする。
• In the Hokkaido and Tohoku regions, soy-sauce is used in accordance with the food culture of the Kanto region.

• 一方関東では新田義貞が奮戦して鎌倉を落とし、元弘の乱は終結した。
• In the Kanto region, Yoshisada NITTA fought bravely with Kamakura to end the Genko War.

• 1252年には本格的な布教活動のために関東へ赴き、常陸国に住む。
• In 1252, in order to conduct full-dress missionary work, he headed to Kanto and lived in Hitachi Province.

• そのため謙信に味方・降伏していた関東の豪族らが次々と北条に降る。
• Therefore, powerful families in the Kanto region who were allied to Kenshin surrendered to the Hojo clan one after another.

• ばら寿司（大阪近辺）・ばらちらし（主に関東以外）などとも呼ばれる。
• This type of sushi is also called barazushi (Osaka and its vicinity) and barachirashi (mainly outside the Kanto area).

• 久寿餅は、小麦粉を発酵した物で作り、主に関東地区で食べられている。
• There is another kind of kuzumochi which is made of fermented wheat flour and mainly eaten in Kanto Region.

• 氏綱がこれを拒むと、基氏は関東管領への反抗を理由に氏綱を追討した。
• When Ujitsuna refused to do so, Motouji attacked him for rebellion against the Kanto Kanrei.

• 景虎は征夷大将軍・足利義輝に拝謁し、関東管領就任を正式に許された。
• Kagetora had an audience with Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, Seii taishogun, and got official approval of assuming the Kanto Kanrei post.

• 今日伝わる剣術の流派は「京八流・関東七流」を源流とする伝えられる。
• It has been passed down that the origin of contemporary schools of Kenjutsu was 'Kyo-Hachiryu (eight schools in Kyoto)/Kanto-Shihiryu (seven schools in Kanto)'.

• 関東中心に、竹輪の天ぷらを載せた「ちくわ天そば」というものもある。
• There is a soba dish known as 'Chikuwa-ten soba' which is a bowl of buckwheat noodles in hot soup with tenpura chikuwa (fish sausage) mainly found in the Kanto area.

• 関東地方では厚焼き卵が、関西地方ではだし巻き卵が主流となっている。
• Atsuyaki Tamago is more preferred in the Kanto region and Dashi-maki Tamago in the Kansai region.

• 関東では関西よりも幾分横幅が大きく、縦幅が小さい巻き焼き鍋を使う。
• The makiyakinabe used in the Kanto region is slightly wider in width and shorter in length than that in the Kansai region.

• 関東では、鷲宮神社（埼玉県北葛飾郡鷲宮町）が鷲神社の本社とされる。
• In the Kanto region, Washinomiya-jinja Shrine (in Washimiya-machi, Kitakatsushika-gun, Saitama Prefecture) is said to be the main shrine of Otori-jinja Shrines.

• 3月の江戸開城後は北関東に転戦し、4月下旬に宇都宮城の戦いで活躍。
• He moved to the north Kanto region after the surrender of Edo Castle in March and played an active part in the Battle of Utsunomiya Castle in the end of April.

• 文永6年（1269年）、祖父西園寺実氏の家督を継ぎ関東申次に就く。
• In 1269, Sanekane succeeded to the family estate of his grandfather, Saneuji SAIONJI, and assumed Kanto Moshitsugi (a court-appointed liaison with the bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]).

• 関東管領上杉氏と白井長尾氏の発展のために力を尽くした生涯であった。
• Kagenaka committed himself to the prosperity of UESUGI clan, which was a life as Shogun's deputy for the Kanto region and SHIRAI-NAGAO clan over a lifetime.

• 石灯竜（享保の大火で消失）、紅梅（関東大震災で消失）だけを残した。
• Instead, only a stone lantern, which later disappeared in the Great Fire of Kyoho, and a plum tree with red blossoms, which later disappeared in the Great Kanto Earthquake, were left.

• 室町幕府は南北朝時代 (日本)に関東統治のため鎌倉府を設置していた。
• The Muromachi bakufu had established the Kamakura Government to rule the Kanto regions in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (Japan).

• 実際、関東の有力武士団は、朝廷の馬の放牧地「牧」の管理人が多かった。
• The powerful bushidan of the Kanto region had many managers of 'maki' horse pastures for the imperial court.

• 前者を「武家新制/関東新制」、後者を「寺社新制/寺辺新制」と称する。
• The former was called 'Buke shinsei' or 'Kanto shinsei' and the latter was called 'Jisha shinsei' or 'Jihen shinsei.'

• また関東管領、もしくはそれに準ずる権限の役に就いたとも言われている。
• Kazumasu is also believed to have been appointed as governor of the Kanto region or as an official with similar authority.

• また、関東圏では単に〝カツ〟と呼ぶ時には、トンカツを指すことが多い。
• In the Kanto area, when someone simply states 'Katsu,' it often refers to tonkatsu.

• 濃厚な味のため、関東地方ではだし昆布として、この羅臼昆布が好まれる。
• Having thick taste, L. diabolica is preferred to be used for soup stock by the people living in Kanto region.

• 関東などで甘く煮付けた油揚げ（キツネの好物とされる）を具とするもの。
• Kitsune soba (fox soba) is a bowl of buckwheat noodles in hot soup with stewed fried tofu (which is considered to be the favorite food of foxes) seasoned with sugar and soy sauce on top which is popular in the areas such as the Kanto region.

• 関東本部（〒192-0045 東京都八王子市大和田町四丁目7番8号）
• Kanto Headquarters (7-8, Owadacho 4-chome, Hachioji City, Tokyo Prefecture 192-0045)

• 関東よりも畳の大きな関西では、2対1よりも上部を若干短めに作られる。
• In Kansai area, where the size of tatami is larger than that of Kanto, the top section is a little bit shorter than the ratio of two to one.

• 昭和40年代になると、関東地方でも屋台での販売が見られるようになる。
• Since around 1965, food wagons selling takoyaki have been observed in the Kanto region.

• 先の永享の乱で鎌倉公方も廃絶していたため、関東地方の政治は停滞した。
• Since Kamakura Kubo had already been abolished during the Eikyo War, the absence of two positions caused political paralysis in the Kanto region.

• 長官は鎌倉公方で尊氏の子・足利基氏の子孫が世襲し、関東管領が補佐した。
• The position as chief of this organization was succeeded by the descendant of Motouji ASHIKAGA, a son of Takauji, who served the position of Kanto control (関東管領).

• また、遅れて室町時代には関東地方において上杉憲実が足利学校を再興する。
• Later, during the Muromachi period, Norizane UESUGI re-established the Ashikaga School in the Kanto region.

• その後、西園寺公宗のときに鎌倉幕府が滅亡して関東申次の役を解任される。
• Thereafter, at the generation of Kinmune SAIONJI, the Saionji Family was dismissed from the post of Kanto Moshitsugi after the fall of the Kamakura shogunate.

• 定政は、徳川が関東に移封された際、下総国の守谷市で一万石を与えられた。
• Sadamasa was given 10,000 koku (approximately 1.8 million liters of crop yield) in Moriya, Shimousa Province (Moriya domain) when the territory of the Tokugawa clan was transferred to Kanto region.

• 上記の関東御分国や東大寺知行国の周防などは知行国固定化の典型例である。
• The provincial territories belonging to the Kamakura bakufu and Suo, a chigyo-koku province of Todai-ji Temple were typical examples.

• その後、関東や北越の講席を遊歴し、京都東福寺の円爾（弁円）に参禅した。
• Afterwards, Mukan Fumon attended various lectures in the Kanto and Hokuetsu regions in addition to practicing Zen medications with Enni (Benen) at Tofuku-ji Temple in Kyoto.

• 一般に消費量は東日本が多く、特に北関東から南東北にかけて消費量が多い。
• Generally speaking, the amount of consumption is greater in eastern Japan, particularly in the area from northern Kanto to southern Tohoku.

• 『歎異抄』第二条に想起される関東衆の訪問は、これに前後すると思われる。
• It is thought that the visit to the Kanto followers mentioned in the second chapter of the 'Tannisho' took place around this time.

• 古墳時代前期前半に東日本（中部・関東地方）で前方後方墳がよく造られる。
• Many square front, square back tomb mounds were built in eastern Japan (the Chubu and Kanto regions) in the early part of the early Kofun period (tumulus period).

• 1923年（大正12年）関東都督府を依願退職、大阪電気博覧会嘱託となる
• 1923: He resigned his engineer post at Kantototokufu voluntarily and took a temporary position at Osaka Electric Exhibition.

• 関東での状況を受けて平氏政権は平維盛、平忠度らが率いる追討軍を派遣した。
• In response to the situation in Kanto, the Taira clan government sent forces led by TAIRA no Koremori and TAIRA no Tadanori.

• 秩父氏は武蔵平一揆の乱で力を失い、武蔵国の実権は関東管領上杉氏が握った。
• The Chichibu clan lost its power in the Musashi Hei Ikki no Ran (Musashi Hei Riot Rebellion (武蔵平一揆の乱)), and the Uesugi clan of Kanto Kanrei (a position to support the chief of Kamakura-fu) took over Musashi Province.

• 関東はもとより奥羽は未だ幕府や鎌倉公方の旧権威は依然として絶大であった。
• Old authorities such as bakufu and Kamakura kubo were still wielding great power not only in the Kanto region but also in the Ou region.

• 小弓公方の滅亡により、北条氏の南関東における覇権確立の基礎が固められた。
• The end of Oyumi-kubo enabled the Hojo clan to strengthen its base and establish its supremacy in southern Kanto region.

• 関東制圧を目指す政虎にとって、背後の信越国境を固めることは急務であった。
• For Masatora who was aiming to conquer Kanto, it was urgent to secure the border of Shinano and Echigo Provinces behind them.

• 関東の開発領主の連合は、婚姻関係によって維持されていた形跡が極めて強い。
• The kaihatsu-ryoshu union of the Kanto region had a strong inclination to be maintained by marriage.

• 関東方面：滝川一益を方面軍総司令官として、与力に森長可や川尻秀隆を配属。
• Kanto region: Kazumasu TAKIGAWA was appointed as commander in chief of the region, and Nagayoshi MORI and Hidetaka KAWAJIRI were assigned as yoriki.

• 兼季は関東申次を務めた西園寺実兼の子で公宗の大叔父にあたる人物であった。
• Kanesue was the son of Sanekane SAIONJI, who took the duties of Kanto moshitsugi, and was Kinmune's grand-uncle.

• その後、関東から上洛して親鸞に事を質したのが、唯円を含めた一行であった。
• After that, a group including Yuien went up to Kyoto and asked Shinran about the incident.

• そもそも関東の教団は、善鸞の事件もあり、異義が発生しやすい土壌であった。
• Originally, in the religious community in Kanto region, different thoughts often arose as the Incident of Zenran showed.

• 装束、仮面、化粧から童舞は特に関東地方においては希少価値がきわめて高い。
• The Dobu dance has value as a rarity, particularly in the Kanto region, due to its costume, mask and makeup.

• 使用する豆は、関東・東海・西日本・北九州では炒った大豆(炒り豆)である。
• In Kanto, Tokai, Nishi-Nihon (West Japan) and Kita-Kyushu (Northern Kyushu), roasted soybeans (irimame) are used.

• 次第に関東でもこちらの「すき焼き」という呼称が定着していったようである。
• Gradually people in the Kanto region began to use the term 'sukiyaki' as well.

• 関東では白ネギが、近畿では青ネギ、ワケギなどが好んで使われる傾向にある。
• White scallion is preferably used in the Kanto region, while long green onions, wakegi (species of scallion), etc. are used in the Kinki region.

• 関西と関東の文化の違いが現在に至るまで如実に現れている食材の一つである。
• It is a dish which displays the marked differences in culture between the Kansai and Kanto regions

• 関東申次の役目を預かっていた西園寺家は鎌倉幕府の滅亡で役職を停止された。
• The Saionji family, who had served as moshitsugi (court-appointed liaisons with the bakufu), lost their post with the defeat of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 小田原征伐後に家康が関東に移されると、武蔵国騎西藩に2万石を与えられた。
• Once Ieyasu got transferred to Kanto after the conquest and siege of Odawara, he received 20,000 koku (crop fields) in Kisai Domain of Musashi Province.

• だが、1335年に北条時行が中先代の乱を起こして関東に攻め入ろうとする。
• In 1335, Tokiyuki Hojo started the Nakasendai War, trying to invade into Kanto.

• 奥州藤原氏の滅亡後、鎌倉幕府は関東の武士を送り込んで陸奥・出羽を支配した。
• After the destruction of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan, Kamakura bakufu took over the Mutsu and Dewa provinces by sending samurai into the Kanto region.

• その越後には関東管領・上杉家の名跡を継承した長尾景虎改め、上杉謙信がいた。
• In Echigo was Kenshin UESUGI, renamed from Kagetora NAGAO, who succeeded professional name of the Uesugi Family of Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region).

• 開設してすぐ、関東大震災で壊滅した蒲田から一時現代劇の撮影が移転してきた。
• As soon as its opening, contemporary dramas were temporarily filmed here since Kamata Studio was badly damaged by The Great Kanto Earthquake.

• 成長した成氏は、幕府や関東管領上杉氏と対立して（享徳の乱）鎌倉を追われた。
• After grown up, Mochiuji confronted the bakufu and the Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy of the Kanto region) Uesugi clan (in the Kyotoku War), and Mochiuji was expelled from Kamakura during the war.

• 小弓公方（おゆみくぼう）は、関東における足利氏（基氏流）の公方家のひとつ。
• Oyumi-kubo was one of Kubo (shogunate) families of the Ashikaga clan (of Motouji-ryu or the Motouji lineage) in Kanto region.

• 管国は関東地方と伊豆国・甲斐国で、1392年に陸奥国・出羽国が追加された。
• Its original jurisdiction included the Kanto region, Izu Province and Kai Province, and Mutsu Province and Dewa province were added in 1392.

• ロシアは関東州（旅順・大連市を含む遼東半島南端部）の租借権を日本へ譲渡する
• Russia shall transfer the lease of the Kwantung Leased Territory (the Liaodong Peninsula southernmost end part including Lushun and Dalian City) to Japan.

• 鎌倉公方は関東管領によって補佐され、管領職は上杉氏による世襲状態であった。
• Kamakura kubo was assisted by Kanto kanrei, and the post of kanrei was basically hereditary to the Uesugi clan.

• 翌年北条氏直を小田原に囲み滅ぼし、徳川家康を関東に移封し天下統一をなした。
• The next year, he destroyed Ujinao HOJO by besieging Odawara, transferred Ieyasu TOKUGAWA to Kanto, and completed unifying the country.

• 江戸への移封後はこれらが関東地方に随行してそのまま江戸幕府の水軍となった。
• After Ieyasu was transferred to Edo, these clans moved to the Kanto region with him and remained the Edo bakufu's suigun.

• 議題は平氏追討の勧賞・京中の狼藉・関東北陸荘園への使者派遣についてだった。
• The agendas were praise and encouragement of searching and killing the Taira clan, violence in the capital and dispatching an envoy to shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in Kanto and Hokuriku regions.

• 後に関東を中心に20年に渡る伝導生活を送り、念仏の教えをさらに徹底させた。
• Later he spent 20 years in Kanto region to spread the teachings of Nenbutsu.

• 現在では全国で盛んに行われているが、元来は関東圏における地方風俗であった。
• While today, it is well-practiced throughout the whole country of Japan, it was originally a local folkway of the Kanto area.

• 同年5月29日付の手紙で、東国（関東）にて異義異端を説いた善鸞を義絶する。
• Shinran declared that he would disown his son Zenran in his letter dated May 29th of that year, because Zenran preached heresy to the people in the Kanto region.

• 鎌倉での教化期間は半年間であったが、関東における純粋禅興隆の嚆矢となった。
• Although he only spent half of a year in Kamakura, it was the beginning of a genuine flourishing of Zen in the Kanto region.

• 東北や関東、四国、九州の戦国大名達は各地の実情にあわせた城郭を築いている。
• The daimyo in the Sengoku period in Tohoku, Kanto, Shikoku and Kyushu built their castles according to the circumstances of each region.

• 関東地方で濃口醤油が発明され、調味や色付けに醤油が多用されるようになった。
• In the Kanto region, strong soy sauce was invented and came to be used for seasoning or coloring many dishes.

• 関東でいう「たぬき蕎麦」は、関西では「ハイカラ蕎麦」と呼ばれることもある。
• 'Tanuki soba' as known in the Kanto region is sometimes referred to as 'Haikara soba' in the Kansai area.

• 北陸・関東甲信・東海・近畿・中国・四国・九州は第1回～第3回で発表を行う。
• The cherry blossom blooming forecasts for the locations including Hokuriku, the Kanto-Koshin regions (which include Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Chiba, Yamanashi and Nagano prefectures), Tokai, Chugoku, Shikoku and Kyushu are issued during the first three reports of the year.

• この風習は1980年代後半までは関東地方（東京）などを中心に多く見られた。
• This tradition was often seen in the regions around Kanto area (Tokyo) until the latter half of the 1980's.

• この討伐は関東から北陸の兵をもって3月から8月までの約5ヶ月間行なわれた。
• This subjection was conducted for five months, from March to August by soldiers in Kanto and Hokuriku.

• 能憲の死後、関東管領には憲春が任じられたが、山内上杉家の家督は憲方だった。
• After Yoshinori's death, Noriharu was appointed as Kanto Kanrei (A shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), but the family estate of Yamanouchi-Uesugi was given to Norikata.

• 小田原征伐後に家康が関東に移されると、上野国白井藩にて2万石を与えられた。
• Once Ieyasu got transferred to Kanto after the conquest and siege of Odawara, he received 20,000 koku in Shiroi Domain of Kozuke Province.

• これに伴い、関東の狭い「苗字の地」から新恩の広い地方へ移り住む例が多くなる。
• As a result, many clans relocated from their cramped family lands in Kanto to the more spacious lands they had been newly awarded.

• これに対抗するため、幕府は関東や陸奥の有力国人を京都扶持衆として直臣化した。
• To compete with such power, Bakufu directly hired strong local persons in the land of Kanto and Mutsu, as Kyoto Fuchi-shu.

• やがて関東諸将の一部が勝手に撤兵するに及んで、景虎は小田原城の包囲を解いた。
• Meanwhile, some of military commanders in Kanto became to make their soldiers retreat at their discretion, and consequently, Kagetora released the siege of Odawara-jo Castile.

• 実際には、既に触れたように江戸の地は平安時代末期から関東南部の要衝であった。
• In fact, as mentioned earlier, the location of Edo was one of vital strategic importance in the southern Kanto region since the late Heian Period.

• 鎌倉府は南北朝時代 (日本)に室町幕府が関東統治のために設置した機関である。
• Kamakurafu was an organization set up by the Muromachi bakufu (feudal government headed by a shogun in the Muromachi period) in order to rule the Kanto region in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

• 義仲の出陣と入れ替わるように、関東に派遣されていた使者・中原康定が帰京する。
• Immediately after Yoshinaka departed, NAKAHARA no Yasusada, the envoy who had been dispatched to Kanto region returned to Kyoto.

• 1257年（正嘉元年）に一旦帰京し親鸞に拝謁したが、再び関東に下向している。
• In 1257, he came back to Kyoto, where he had an audience with Shinran, and soon left for the Kanto region.

• 関東地方では安価な墓参用線香の需要の内すでに7～80％が輸入品が占めている。
• In the Kanto region, imported products account for 70% to 80% of the market of cheap Senko used for grave visits.

• 親鸞が帰京した後の東国（関東）では、様々な異義異端が取り沙汰される様になる。
• After Shinran left Hitachi Province, various heresies and misinterpretations of his teachings to arose.

• それから、海の幸・山の幸に恵まれた関東の地で華麗な江戸料理の伝統が花開いた。
• Then the tradition of splendid Edo dishes started in the Kanto region where land-based foodstuffs and marine foodstuffs were abundantly available.

• 元は山形県内陸部・東北・北関東など天然のなめこが採れる地方にて食されていた。
• Nameko soba was originally consumed in the areas like the interior regions of Yamagata Prefecture as well as the Tohoku and North Kanto areas where wild nameko mushrooms were collected.

• 九州北部、四国北部、近畿、中部地区に多く、関東以北にはみられないのが特徴的。
• A characteristic was that many of tribute articles were contributed from northern part of Kyushu, northern part of Shikoku, Kinki and Chubu district, but none were forthcoming from areas north of Kanto.

• 正月のおせち料理、特に関東風の祝い肴三種として欠かせないもののひとつである。
• It is one of the indispensable dishes for Osechi-ryori (special dishes prepared for the New Year), especially for Iwaizakana sansyu (three kinds of celebrating dishes) of Kanto-Style.

• なお、関東地方以外では浜松市の大安寺（静岡県浜松市中区）で酉の市が行われる。
• Outside the Kanto region, Tori no ichi is held in Daian-ji Temple in Hamamatsu City (in Naka Ward, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture).

• 1590年後北条氏が関東の支配権を失うと、徳川家康が代わって支配者となった。
• When the Gohojo clan lost the dominion over the Kanto region in 1590, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA took over its position of ruler.

• 小田原征伐後、家康が関東に移されると、上総国五井藩に5000石を与えられた。
• After Ieyasu got transferred to Kanto after the conquest and siege of Odawara, he received 5000 koku (crop fields) in Goi Domain of Kazusa Province.

• 関東の戦線では輝虎が永禄5年（1562年）に上野館林城主の赤井氏を滅ぼした。
• In 1562, at the front in Kanto region, Terutora destroyed the Akai clan, lord of Kozuke Tatebayashi-jo Castle.

• この勢力の大部分は、関東一帯に勢力をはる平氏系武士であり、在地領主でもあった。
• The majority of the troops were bushi belonging to the Taira clan associated with the Kanto area and were also in fact local governors.

• 甲斐国の武田氏・関東の北条氏と三国同盟（善徳寺の会盟）を結ぶとさらに西進した。
• After forming a tripartite alliance with the Takeda clan in the Kai Province and the Hojo clan in Kanto (Zentokuji no kaimei (literally, meeting for alliance in Zentoku-ji temple)), it proceeded westward.

• アラハバキを祀る神社は東北地方に多く見られるが、関東以南でもみることができる。
• Shrines dedicated to Arahabaki are common in the Tohoku region, but are also found south of the Kanto region.

• 昭和26年（1951年）1月には、第1回関東高校トーナメントにて優勝している。
• He won the championship in the first Kanto high school tournament held in January 1951.

• 関東地方では、季節問わず時雨のような一時的な雨のことを通り雨と呼ぶことがある。
• In Kanto region a temporal rain such as shigure is called a passing shower in all seasons.

• 尊氏の三男足利基氏は鎌倉公方となって関東地方に下向し、鎌倉公方足利家を起こす。
• Motouji ASHIKAGA, the third son of Takauji, who became Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region), went down to the Kanto region and established the Ashikaga family of Kamakura kubo.

• また、関東の兵士は、北九州に防人として3年間配属され、沿岸防備などに従事した。
• Soldiers from the Kanto region were deployed for three years as guards in northern Kyushu to defend the coast.

• 幕府では関東申次の西園寺実氏に託して蒙古国書を朝廷へ回送し、黙殺を決定させる。
• Bakufu asked Saneuji SAIONJI, who was kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with bakufu), to deliver the letter from the Mongol Empire to the Imperial Court, and led the court to the decision to ignore it.

• 日本の領土ではなかった南洋群島・関東州・南満州鉄道付属地は外地に含めなかった。
• The South Sea Islands, the Kwangtung Leased Territory and the land appurtenant to South Manchuria Railways, which were not Japan's territories, were not included in Gaichi.

• 前関東管領である上杉禅秀（禅秀）が鎌倉公方の足利持氏に対して起した反乱である。
• It was a rebellion against Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo (governor-general of the Kanto region) instigated by Ujinori (a.k.a Zenshu) UESUGI, former Kanto kanrei (assistant to Kamakura kubo).

• 鎌倉時代以降は、関東で竪穴状遺構として一部名残をのこすものの全面的に消失する。
• In the Kamakura period and later, the tateana pit-type dwelling disappeared in the Kanto region, except in parts as relics.

• 関東においては、「武家の棟梁」は、少なくとも頼朝の以前には居なかったと言える。
• It could be said that 'leader of samurai family' did not exist, at least before Yoritomo in Kanto region.

• この船が再び元へ回航する際に、関東大仏造営料唐船として指定された可能性がある。
• When the ship returned to Yuan, it may have been designated as Kanto-daibutsu zoeiryotosen.

• これからは、天海が関東に赴いたのはそもそも家康のためであったことがうかがえる。
• This suggests that Tenkai moved to Kanto primarily to serve Ieyasu.

• その途中で関東の武士を教化しが、相模国飯山（現在の神奈川県厚木市内）で没した。
• On the way, he edified Kanto warriors and passed away in Iiyama, Sagami Province (present day, Atsugi City, Kanagawa Prefecture).

• 一般に関東では香りの良い胡麻油、関西ではクセのない植物油を使う傾向が見られる。
• There is a general tendency toward using luscious sesame oil in Kanto and mild vegetable oil in Kansai.

• 特に関東では、永楽通宝が基準通貨と位置づけられ、これを永高制ということもある。
• Particularly in Kanto, Eiraku-tsuho was regarded as the key currency, and in some cases this is called Eidakasei (currency system based on Eiraku-tsuho).

• その後、彼は巫祝（ふしゅく）もしくは善知識として関東を中心に布教活動を続けた。
• He later continued to devote himself to missionary work around Kanto as the fushuku (ancient priest) or kalyaana-mitra (one who offered spiritual friendship and guidance that was non-directive, non-denominational, and non-religious).

• 青苧による取引は、長尾氏の重要な資金源となり、謙信の関東遠征を資金面で支えた。
• Trade in Aoso became the most important source of funding for the Nagao clan and financially supported Kenshin's expedition to the Kanto region.

• 江戸城は開城したものの、徹底抗戦派の幕臣は大量に江戸を脱走し、北関東を転戦した。
• Even though Edo Castle surrendered, many hard-core Shogunate retainers who continued to resist escaped from Edo, and moved from place to place in northern Kanto to fight.

• 逆に関東や東北など東日本では梅雨の時期よりもむしろ秋雨の時期のほうが雨量が多い。
• To the contrary, in eastern Japan such as Kanto and Tohoku regions, the amount of rainfall is bigger in the period of akisame (autumnal rain) that in the period of baiu.

• 関東管領を継承した上杉謙信は一時は北条氏の居城小田原城を攻囲するも奪えなかった。
• Kenshin UESUGI, who inherited Kanto Kanrei once sieged the Odawara-jo Castle, the residential castle of the Hojo clan, but he could not occupy it.

• 幼い親王に代わって実権は足利直義に握られ、やがて室町幕府の関東の出先機関となる。
• Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA seized real power instead of a very young prince, and it later became the local office of the Muromachi bakufu in the Kanto region.

• 源頼朝をして「関東一の弓取り」と言わしめた宇都宮朝綱は第3代宇都宮氏当主である。
• Tomotsuna UTSUNOMIYA praised as 'the best archer in the Kanto region' by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was the third head of the Utsunomiya clan.

• 公共放送・・・関東庁逓信局（大連放送局）→満州電信電話株式会社（大連中央放送局）
• Public broadcast ⋯ Kwantung Agency Communication (Dalian station) => Manchuria Electric Telegram and Telephone Corporation (Dalian Central Station)

• 前年まで関東管領であった犬懸上杉家の上杉氏憲は前年に鎌倉公方と対立して辞職した。
• Ujinori UESUGI (from the Inukake Uesugi family), who had been Kanto kanrei, had resigned in opposition to the Kamakura kubo the previous year.

• また、西園寺家一族ではないものの、初代の関東申次であった吉田経房の末裔であった。
• Also, not belonging to the Saionji family, Tsuneaki was one of the descendants of Tsunefusa YOSHIDA, the first Kanto moshitsugi.

• 使われる山芋にはつくね芋（京都）、大和芋（関東）、伊勢芋（中部地方）などがある。
• Yam used includes tsukuneimo (Chinese Yam) (Kyoto), yamatoimo (Japanese slimy potato) (Kanto region), and iseimo (Japanese yam) (Chubu region).

• また関東火鉢、或いは江戸長火鉢と呼ばれる大型で引出しとを一体化させたものもある。
• The Kanto hibachi, or Edo naga hibachi, is a large hibachi combined with drawers.

• 永禄11年（1568年）、新しく将軍となった足利義昭からも関東管領に任命された。
• In 1568, Tetutora was assigned to Kanto Kanrei postion by a new shogun, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA.

• 室町時代を通じて鎌倉公方は幕府と対立し、関東管領を務める上杉氏とも対立していった。
• Throughout the Muromachi period, Kamakura-kubo (鎌倉公方) was opposed to bakufu and also became gradually opposed to the Uesugi clan, who held the position of Kanto control.

• 関東打はたされ珎重間、将軍ニなさるへきよしと申候へハ、又御らんもつて御書あかる也。
• I congratulated him on his victory in Kanto and said that Nobunaga should be Shogun, and then Oran came back with Nobunaga's note.

• また一門は奥州探題・羽州探題を代々歴任し、一時は九州探題・関東管領にも任じられた。
• Furthermore, the family filled the posts of Oshu Tandai (local commissioner) and Ushu Tandai for generations, and at one time it was appointed as Kyushu Tandai and Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region).

• しかしこれを不満とする幕臣たちは脱走し北関東、北越、南東北など各地で抵抗を続けた。
• However, not all members of the bakufu were happy with the peace settlement, and some of them continued to resist in many places, particularly in the regions of northern Kanto, Hokuetsu, and southern Tohoku.

• 関東州は、日本が統治権を取得したものの、領土の一部を構成していたわけではなかった。
• Although Japan obtained the sovereignty of the Kwantung Leased Territory, the leased territory did not comprise Japan's territories.

• 特に争乱の多かった関東では、在地の富豪や豪族が公的な軍事力を担うようになっていた。
• In particular, in the Kanto region where fighting occurred frequently, local rich persons or powerful clans had come to bear public military burdens.

• 里神楽という語は御神楽との対比に用いられ、狭義では関東での民間の神楽に用いられる。
• The word satokagura is used in comparison with mikagura, while, in a more limited sense, it means private kagura performed in Kanto region.

• 野菜としても大量に消費され、関西地方では青ネギが、関東地方では根深ネギが好まれる。
• Lots of negi is consumed as vegetables as well, and ao-negi (long green onions) are favored in the Kansai region and nebuka-negi (literally, deep-rooted negi) in the Kanto region.

• とくに関東大戦の描写では顕著であり、洲崎沖海戦は赤壁の戦いを焼き直したものである。
• Its influence is especially remarkable in the description of the great battle of Kanto, and the naval battle of Sunosaki is a rehash of the historic Battle of Red Cliff.

• 関東一本締めと呼ぶ人もいるが手締めの「一丁締め」を知らなく、混同している方が多い。
• Some people call it 'Kanto ippon-jime' but there are many who are unaware of 'iccho-jime' and confuse the two.

• 福島県から関東一円にかけて、数多くはないが、今でもこの風習が見られるとされる（）。
• This custom is not widespread any longer but can be still seen throughout the Kanto region and in Fukushima Prefecture.

• 浪華や関東を遊歴後、東武八王子の吉祥寺の住持となり、善知識としてその名が聞こえた。
• After touring Naniwa and Kanto regions, he became the chief priest of Kichijo-ji Temple in Tobu Hachioji, and was known as kalyaana-mitra (one who offers spiritual friendship and guidance that is non-directive, non-denominational, and non-religious).

• 自分も関東にあったなら義時に味方していた」と楽観論を戒め、後鳥羽上皇の不興を買った。
• Indeed, had I been in Kanto (eastern Japan), I too would have become Yoshitoki's ally,' and with these words fell into disgrace with the retired Emperor Gotoba.

• 永享10-11年（1438-1439年）鎌倉公方足利持氏、関東管領の上杉憲実と対立。
• From 1438 to 1439, Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo, had a conflict with Norizane UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (a shogun deputy for the Kanto region).

• 以来基氏の子孫が鎌倉府の長官（鎌倉公方）となり、関東管領として上杉氏が代々補佐した。
• Since then, Motouji's descendants inherited the top post of the Kamakurafu (Kamakura kubo) and the Uesugi clan supported Kamakura kubo as Kanto kanrei (a shogunal deputy for Kanto region) for generations.

• 古河公方家の祖である鎌倉公方家は、足利尊氏の子の足利基氏以来代々関東を支配していた。
• The Kamakura-kubo family, who were the forefathers of Koga-kubo, ruled the Kanto region for generations from the era of Motouji ASHIKAGA, who was the son of Takauji ASHIKAGA.

• 1590年に関東平定中の豊臣軍によって居城を囲まれると自害して果て、同氏は滅亡した。
• In 1590 when his castle was besieged by the army of Toyotomi, which was then in the course of the suppression of Kanto, he committed suicide and the clan extinguished.

• 永享11年（1439年）の永享の乱では、長年対立していた関東公方足利持氏を滅ぼした。
• In the Eikyo War in 1439, he destroyed Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kanto-kubo, against whom he had conflicts for a long time.

• しかし辺境域の東日本では逆に生産地拡散の傾向がみられ、関東地方では新規の窯が増えた。
• However, in eastern Japan, which was a remote region, production areas tended to spread on the contrary and new kilns increased in Kanto region.

• このように、関東における武士の発生は、馬の生産地を背景にしていた考えることができる。
• As could be seen, the origin of bushi in Kanto region had the background of horse breeding grounds.

• 関東地方など東国の言葉が使われている事も多く、東歌ともに古代の生活様相を伝えている。
• Many of the poems are composed in eastern dialects such as that of the Kanto region and, along with Azumauta (eastern Japanese poems), depict ancient lifestyles.

• 後白河は義仲・行家に平氏追討宣旨を下すと同時に、院庁庁官・中原康定を関東に派遣した。
• Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa gave Yoshinaka and Yukiie an imperial decree to search and kill the Taira clan, and at the same time, dispatched NAKAHARA no Yasusada, an officer of In no cho (Retired Emperor's Office) to Kanto region.

• 朝廷・公家は関東と呼び、武士からは鎌倉殿と、一般からは武家と称されることが多かった。
• They were called 'Kanto' by the Imperial Court and kuge (court nobles), 'Kamakura-dono' (lord of Kamakura) by samurai and 'Buke' (samurai family) by general public.

• なお、昆布だしにさほど拘らない関東地方や一般家庭ではだし昆布として用いることもある。
• It is also used to make soup stock in places such as the Kanto region and private households where people are less particular about soup stock made from kelp.

• また関東～近畿の一部地域によっては、開催時期により「彼岸踊り」と呼称することもある。
• In some areas from the Kanto region to the Kinki region, the Bon festival dance is also called 'higan odori' (the dance of autumnal equinoctial week), which is named after the season in which the festival is held.

• 関東地方では韮山代官、江川太郎左衛門の屋敷として有名な次のものがある（重要文化財）。
• In the Kanto region, the following minka, residence of Tarozaemon EGAWA, Daikan (local governor) of Nirayama, is famous:

• 鎌倉時代には関東を中心にした武士の文化が京都の王朝文化と並び立つものとして勃興する。
• In the Kamakura period, a samurai culture rose suddenly into power mainly in Kanto as a culture comparable to the dynastic culture in Kyoto.

• 主に関東近郊にこの建築様式が集中しており、地方の銭湯では見られずきわめて数が少ない。
• This architectural style was mainly concentrated in the suburbs of Kanto, and few if any sento were built using this architectural style in the provinces.

• - 関東における寛保洪水の後に行われた各大名に負担させた洪水の復興や修繕の為の普請。
• Daimyo tetsudai fushin is fushin where each daimyo is charged with rebuilding or repairing after a flood, such as the fushin after the flood in Kanpo in the Kanto region

• 一時は江戸にも関東惣検校が置かれ、その本部は「惣禄屋敷」と呼ばれ、関八州を統括した。
• In Edo, Kanto sokengyo was founded temporarily and its headquarters were called 'soroku yashiki' (the organization of the guild for the blind in the Kanto area), which controlled Kanhasshu (the Eight Provinces of Kanto region).

• 文安4年（1447年）、永寿王丸と上杉憲忠は鎌倉に入って憲忠が関東管領に任命された。
• In 1447, Eijuoumaru and Noritada UESUGI moved to Kamakura, and Noritada was appointed to Kanto Kanrei.

• 当然、房定は顕定を全面的に支援して長享2年（1488年）には自ら関東に出陣している。
• Needless to say, Fusasada fully backed Akisada and went to the Kanto region to go to battle in 1488.

• 江戸時代はもとより、それ以前に於いて、皇女が武家に降嫁し、関東下向した唯一の例である。
• She was the only Princess who married into a Samurai family and went to the Kanto area from Edo, not only during the Edo period, but in the previous era's as well.

• 経房は源頼朝と関係が密接であり初代関東申次となって朝廷と鎌倉幕府の関係調整にあたった。
• Tsunefusa had a close connection with MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and he became the first Kanto-moshitsugi (an institution in the court in Kyoto whose function was to communicate and negotiate with the Bakufu) and worked to maintain the relationship between the Imperial Court and the Kamakura bakufu.

• 永禄2年（1559年）、景虎は関東管領職就任の許しを得るため、二度目の上洛を果たした。
• In 1559, Kagetora made the second visit to Kyoto to get approval of assuming the Kanto Kanrei post.

• さらに、これらに呼応して関東平野では佐竹義重 (十八代当主)が活動を活発化させていた。
• Furthermore, in response Yoshishige SATAKE (the eighteenth head of the family) intensified his activities in the Kanto Plain.

• 地元では関東大震災の時に墳丘の一部が崩壊するまで石室の中に入れたとの言い伝えもあった。
• As local legend goes, it was possible to enter the stone chambers until the mound partly collapsed at the Great Kanto Earthquake.

• つまり、関東雛の雛の位置は真中を考えずに、左右の現象だけで判断された結果と推察される。
• Therefore, it is assumed that the position of the dolls of the Kanto region resulted from the position of the left and the right regardless of the center.

• 柚子胡椒の人気が高まるにつれ、最近では関東地方のスーパーなどでも見かけるようになった。
• Given yuzu kosho's growth in popularity, it has recently become available in supermarkets and other shops in the Kanto region.

• 関東を中心に「京風おでん」「京おでん」という名称で、薄味のダシのおでんを出す店がある。
• Centering around Kanto, some restaurants serve Oden cooked with lightly seasoned soup stock, with the name of 'Kyofu Oden' or 'Kyo Oden' (Kyoto-style Oden).

• 正応4年（1291年）、子の西園寺公衡に関東申次を譲ったが、公衡の死去により再度就く。
• In 1291 he gave the post of Kanto Moshitsugi to his son Kinhira SAIONJI, but assumed the post again due to Kinhira's death.

• 関東大震災後には関西で結成された「早川プロダクション」で『熱火の十字路』で監督をする。
• After the Great Kanto Earthquake, Yamamoto worked as director of 'Atsubi no jujiro' at Hayakawa Production, which was founded in the Kansai region.

• 関東地方に武家政権の発祥とも言われる国家を建設し「新皇」を名乗った平将門の子と伝わる。
• He was said to be the son of TAIRA no Masakado who established a government that was the origin of the military government in the Kanto region and identified himself as 'new emperor.'

• また関東を行軍中、彼らの熊毛の陣笠姿を見て河童隊と呼んだ人がいたというエピソードがある。
• Moreover, while marching to the Kanto, the distinctive appearance of their bearskin military caps led some to begin calling them the Kappa Corps (kappa were mythical water goblins with distinctive heads).

• 同年9月には横須賀市にあった海軍機関科士官を養成する海軍機関学校が関東大震災で被災した。
• In September of the same year, the Naval Engineering College responsible for bringing up Navy Engineering Officers in Yokosuka City, was hit by The Great Kanto Earthquake.

• 多くの武功をたて、1590年（天正18年）には家康の関東入府に伴い上野国箕輪城12万石。
• After Naomasa II succeeded in several military exploits, he accompanied Ieyasu when Ieyasu entered the Kanto area in 1590, and was given the Minowa-jo Castle in Kozuke Province with 120, 000 koku (approximately 21.6 million liters of crop yield).

• そして、この真里谷氏の第5代当主・真里谷信保（恕鑑）には、関東制圧という野望があったが、
• Nobuyasu Mariya (Jokan), the fifth head of the Mariya clan, had the ambition of bringing Kanto region under his control.

• 尊氏の意向で下野国・上野国・越後国守護職を務め、北関東での支配的地位を磐石なものとした。
• On Takauji's wish, he served as Shugoshoku (Provincial Constable) of Shimotsuke Province, Kazusa Province and Echigo Province and built a solid dominant position in the Northern Kanto region.

• 以後、信玄は東海道や美濃国、上野国方面に向かって勢力を拡大し、輝虎は関東出兵に力を注だ。
• After this, Shingen expanded his power toward areas along the Tokai-do road, Mino Province and Kozuke Province, while Terutora concentrated his power to send his forces to Kanto.

• 9月1日南関東直下地震に際して難民の休息所、簡易診察所を多数開設し社会奉仕活動を行った。
• He carried out social service activities by founding a great number of hospices and small clinics for refugees when the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred on September 1, 1923.

• 唯円はこの言葉を、関東から上洛して善鸞事件について親鸞に質す僧侶の1人として聞いている。
• Yuien heard these words as one of the priests who went up to Kyoto from Kanto region and asked Shinran about the Incident of Zenran.

• いずれにせよこの24人が、関東における布教の上で重大な地位を占めていたことは間違いない。
• However, it is an undoubted fact that those 24 disciples played an important role in propagating Buddhist faith in the Kanto region.

• 塔身に四角の輪郭を刻まれて基礎部に格座間（こうざま）が二つあるものは関東形式と呼ばれる。
• The so-called Kanto style involves a square frame inscribed on the toshin and two kozama (foliate panels) on the base.

• 大まかに言えば、関西の住宅の方が質が高く、構造や工法が次第に関東にも影響を与えていった。
• Roughly speaking, the quality of such houses was higher in the Kansai area, and their structure and building methods had gradually affected those in the Kanto area as well.

• 関東地方では鎌倉起源説、伊勢起源説があるが、どちらの説も確定のための検証はされていない。
• It is noted as having originated in Kamakura (in the Kanto region of Japan) and Ise; however, neither explanation stands up to definite scrutiny.

• そのための募金の旅に出、畿内を発して奥羽地方から関東に及び、多くの人々から喜捨をうけた。
• Therefore, Ryoo began a journey tp collect funds, starting from the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara), then reached into the Kanto region through the Ou region and received almsgivings from many people.

• 尊氏の命を受けて1338年から関東の平定に乗り出し、1343年冬までにこれを成し遂げた。
• Receiving the order from Takauji, Morofuyu set out the conquest of Kanto region in 1338 and completed by the winter of 1343.

• 追討軍は東海道を下り、10月18日、駿河国黄瀬川で源頼朝、武田信義の関東連合軍と対峙する。
• The forces traveled by Tokai-do Road and met the Kanto Allied Forces of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and Nobuyoshi TAKEDA at the Kise-gawa River in Suruga Province on October 18.

• この佐々木氏は、源頼朝が関東地方で勃興するとこれに積極的に加わり、近江一国の守護職を得た。
• When MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised his army in the Kanto region, the Omi Sasaki clan took part in it positively and gained Omi shugoshiki (provincial constables of Omi Province).

• この北条氏と上杉氏が関東の覇者を巡って戦い、1546年河越夜戦により上杉氏の勢力が衰えた。
• This Hojo clan and the Uesugi clan struggled for the supreme ruler in Kanto and by the night battle of Kawagoe in 1546, the power of the Uesugi clan declined.

• しかし、義宗は越後国村松郷で関東管領の上杉憲顕の軍に敗れて戦死し、新田氏本宗家は滅亡した。
• However, Yoshimune was defeated at Muramatsu-go, Echigo Province by the army of the Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), Noriaki UESUGI, and was killed in the battle, which resulted in the fall of the head family of the Nitta clan.

• 永享の乱（えいきょうのらん）は、室町時代の1437年（永享9年）に関東地方で発生した戦乱。
• The Eikyo War (Eikyo no ran) is a war which occurred in the Kanto region (regions surrounding Tokyo) in 1437.

• しかし制度として整備された関東の弾左衛門による組織的な集中支配下に置かれた関係とは異なる。
• However, it differed from the relation that Hinin remained under organizational control by Danzaemon in Kanto region where was maintained as the system.

• 憲実は持氏の助命と持氏の嫡子足利義久の関東公方就任を嘆願するが、義教は許さず討伐を命じた。
• Although Norizane asked for Mochiuji's life and assumption of his legitimate son Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA to Kanto Kubo, Yoshinori did not accept it and ordered to hunt down and kill him.

• 頼朝はこの反乱を鎮圧したものの、北関東の情勢は頼朝にとって非常に不安定な状態に陥っていた。
• Although Yoritomo suppressed this rebellion, the situation in Kita Kanto (Northern Kanto) became extremely unstable for Yoritomo.

• 関東地方や周防など、一部の地域で7世紀初め～前半まで前方後円墳の築造が続いたケースもある。
• Keyhole-shaped tumuli continued to have been built in some regions such as Kanto and Suo between the beginning and the first half of the seventh century.

• そこに関東ローム層の赤土と粘土質の土を、互い違いに5センチメートルほどの厚さで突き固めた。
• Red clay and clayey soil of the Kanto district was alternately poured into the hole and stamped down.

• 関東では、3本組の竹を中心に、周囲に短めの若松を配置し、下部をわらで巻くという形態が多い。
• For the standard kadomatsu in the Kanto region, relatively short young pine branches are placed around a set of three bamboo stalks in the middle, the bottom of which is tied with straw ropes.

• 一方で前者は主に近畿で「長命寺餅」、後者は主に関東で「道明寺」あるいは「道明寺餅」と呼ぶ。
• Conversely, the former type is known as 'Chomeiji mochi' mainly in the Kinki region, while the latter is known as 'Domyoji' or Domyoji mochi' mainly in the Kanto region.

• 2001年の時点でペンキ絵の絵師は関東で5名を残すのみとなり後継者の存続が危ぶまれている。
• As of 2001, only five paint artists existed in Kanto, so the continued existence of successors is threatened.

• また、関西では、濃い色合いのものを関東煮、薄い色合いのものをおでんと呼び分ける傾向もある。
• Furthermore, in Kansai, dark-colored Oden and light-colored Oden tend to be differentiated by calling the former Kanto daki and the latter Oden.

• 関東では多摩川をはさんで大田区から川崎市川崎区、関西では尼崎市が生産地として有名であった。
• The area from Ota Ward to Kawasaki Ward, Kawasaki City, across the Tama-gawa River, in the Kanto region and Amagasaki City in the Kansai region were famous as production areas.

• 父の教定とともに関東祗候雲客諸大夫の一員として、鎌倉幕府に信用され、京都・鎌倉で活動した。
• He was entrusted as a member of Kanto Shiko Unkaku Shodaibu as well as his father Norisada by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and worked in Kyoto and Kamakura.

• 平家に敗れて関東へ落ち延びる際、比叡山の龍華越で落ち武者狩りの横川の悪僧の一群と遭遇する。
• Defeated by the Taira family and having escaped to the Kanto region, they encountered followers of the fallen priest Yokokawa who were hunting for fleeing stragglers at Ryugegoe, Mt Hiei.

• 関東討入後は武蔵国鉢形城の代官に任ぜられ、関ヶ原の戦いの時には徳川秀忠の旗奉行として従軍。
• After the raid on the Kanto region, he was appointed daikan (deputy official) of Hachigata-jo Castle in Musashi Province and joined the army led by Hidetada TOKUGAWA as the Hatabugyo (flag magistrate) in the Battle of Sekigahara.

• 菅原文太主演としては、『関東テキヤ一家』シリーズの多くを監督した（合作で一部脚本も担当）。
• He directed many films starring Bunta SUGAWARA in the 'Kanto tekiya ikka' series (he wrote scripts for some works as a co-author).

• 関東大震災で向島撮影所が全壊し、日活現代劇部は京都の日活撮影所に「第二部」として移された。
• The studio in Mukojima was destroyed during the Great Kanto Earthquake and Nikkatsu gendai geki department was moved into Nikkatsu Studio in Kyoto and named 'Dainibu' (Second Department).

• しかも独断で関東申次を3人制として実経と近衛兼経を任命するなど、朝廷内での権勢を取り戻す。
• He regained his power within the Imperial Court by making kanto moshitsugi a three person role and assigned Sanetsune and Kanetsune KONOE.

• 同年3月21日頃に憲方は関東軍の大将として派遣されたが、上洛はせずに伊豆国三島に留まった。
• In the same year around March 21, Norikata was sent to the capital (Kyoto) as a Taisho (general) of Kanto army (armed forces in Kanto region) but did not actually go to the capital, instead stayed in Mishima, Izu Province.

• 謙信は信玄の意図を見抜いていて作戦続行を主張したが、関東諸将の反対で撤退するしかなかった。
• Although he insisted on continuing the strategy because he had insight in Shingen's designs, Kenshin had to withdraw due to objections from the warlords in the Kanto region.

• 12世紀末頃から14世紀頃までは鎌倉時代と呼ばれ、中央の公家政権と関東の武家政権が並立した。
• The eighth century is called the Kamakura period, and the Kuge (court nobles) government in Kyoto and the military government in Kamakura coexisted during this era.

• 1923年9月1日に起きた関東大震災の2日後、戒厳令下に朝鮮民族が民衆によって私刑を受けた。
• Two days after the Great Kanto Earthquake of September 1, 1923, a series of lynching of Korean people by Japanese nationals occurred under martial law.

• 翌慶長17年（1612年）にも東北地方・関東地方などの大名65名から同様の誓詞をとっている。
• Similar vows were taken from 65 daimyo in Tohoku/Kanto regions the next year, in 1612.

• 一方で、実俊が西園寺家を継承するまで関東申次を継承する役目を誰が引き受けるかが問題となった。
• On the other hand, the problem over who would succeed to the duties of Kanto moshitsugi until Sanetoshi succeeded the Saionji family became apparent.

• 建長5年（1253年）頃、父・善鸞と共に東国（関東）に赴き、陸奥国において布教活動を行った。
• In around 1253, he went to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan; particularly, the Kanto region) together with his father, Zenran, to be engaged in missionary work in Mutsu Province.

• 「関東煮」は昆布・鯨・牛すじなどで出汁をとったり、薄口醤油を用いたりと独自に変化していった。
• Kanto daki' (関東煮) has changed independently of other forms of Oden, such that the soup stock used for 'Kanto daki' is now extracted from konbu (a kind of kelp used to make Japanese soup stock), whale, or cow line meat, and light-colored soy sauce is now used.

• いっぽう関東側では、中川と浦賀に幕府の派出所があり、ここで江戸に入る物資をチェックしていた。
• On the other hand, in the Kanto region there were branch stations of the bakufu in Nakagawa and Uraga, where the goods transported into Edo were examined.

• 幼い頃から聡明さは知られていたが、関東管領就任から数年は家宰の長尾景政が政務を代行していた。
• Although his intelligence had been noted since he was a child, Kasai (main retainer), Kagemasa NAGAO, executed government affairs for Norizane in his first years as Kanto Kanrei.

• 1440年、関東で起こった結城合戦に際して、義教の命で大和国の越智氏を討伐のために出陣する。
• In 1440, when the Yuki War started in the Kanto region, he departed for the front to subdue the Ochi clan of Yamato Province by order of Yoshinori.

• 幕府も手を拱いているだけではなく、8代将軍足利義政の弟・足利政知を関東に派遣する（堀越公方）。
• Bakufu refused to simply wait with its arms folded but instead sent the younger brother of the eighth shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, Masatomo ASHIKAGA, to Kanto (Horikoshi-kubo (堀越公方)).

• 東北地方は関東の騒乱にほとんど巻き込まれることなく、当然中央の政争の影響もほとんど見られない。
• The Tohoku Region was hardly involved in turbulences in the Kanto Region and no trace of influences from political strife in the central part of Japan can be observed.

• 9世紀には桓武天皇の5世孫である桓武平氏の平将門が新皇として短い間ではあったが関東に君臨した。
• In the 9th century, TAIRA no Masakado from Kanmu-Heishi, the 5th generation descendant of Emperor Kanmu, reigned over Kanto region as a new emperor for a short period of time.

• 一般武家、町人は、関東では下に膨らませる、関西では、少しだけ、丸く膨らませるのが主流になった。
• Among common samurai families and townspeople, tabo was generally puffed out downward in the Kanto region and puffed a little round in the Kansai region.

• 中央政権の支配も関東以南ほど強くは及んでいなかったが律令制の時代には陸奥国と出羽国が置かれた。
• Although the central government had less control there than in the south of the Kanto region, it set up Mutsu and Dewa Provinces in the area during the era ruled under the ritsuryo system.

• 上杉輝虎は、関東へ連年出兵して北条氏康との戦いを続け、武田信玄は常に輝虎の背後を脅かしていた。
• Terutora UESUGI sent his troops to Kanto every year to continue fighting with Ujiyasu HOJO, and Shingen TAKEDA always threatened the rear side of Terutora.

• 外地弁護士...朝鮮弁護士令・台湾弁護士令・関東州弁護士令による弁護士（検察庁法第37条など）
• Gaichi attorneys ⋯ Attorneys registered under Korean Attorney Order, Taiwan Attorney Order, and the Kwangtung Leased Territory Attorney Order (Article 37 of Public Prosecutor's Office Act etc.)

• 山崎丹照『外地統治機構の研究』（1943年）は朝鮮・台湾・関東州・南洋群島・樺太を外地とした。
• In 'Study on the Governing Structures of Gaichi'(1943) written by Tansho YAMAZAKI, Korea, Taiwan, the Kwantung Leased Territory, the South Sea Islands and Sakhalin were treated as Gaichi.

• なお、夏島にあった伊藤の別荘は、後に小田原に移築され、関東大震災で焼失しているため現存しない。
• Ito's villa which had located in Natsushima was moved to Odawara, and burned down during the Great Kanto Earthquake.

• また「群盗蜂起」も多発し、関東では寛平・延喜東国の乱、僦馬の党（しゅうばのとう）が有名である。
• In addition, an 'increase in robberies' occurred frequently and Kanbyo-Engi-Togoku-no-ran (Disturbance by robberies in Togoku during the period between Kanbyo and Engi) and Shuba Party in the Kanto region (area around Tokyo Prefecture) were famous.

• 元木泰雄は、頼朝の実効支配地は南関東周辺のみであり、宣旨の効力はさほど発揮されなかったとする。
• Yasuo MOTOKI insists that the decree was not so effective because Yoritomo's effectively dominated areas were limited to around the south Kantou area.

• 織田氏重臣であった滝川一益は武田氏の討伐と関東進出への功績から、70万石もの所領を与えられた。
• Kazumasa TAKIGAWA, who was a great vassal of the Oda clan, was rewarded with a holding of 700,000 koku (approximately 126,000 cubic meters).

• 仏光寺了源への多数の聖教書写を初め、関東や陸奥国・近江国・備後国などで多くの布教活動を行った。
• He transcribed many religious scriptures for Ryogen of Bukko-ji Temple, and did many propagation activities in Kanto, Mutsu Province, Omi Province, Bingo Province and so on.

• 弔事：春日饅頭、青白饅頭（関東）、黄白饅頭、おぼろ饅頭（関西）、中華まんじゅう（北海道）など。
• Mourning: Kasuga manju, aoshiro manju (green and white buns with bean paste filling) (Kanto region), kishiro manju (yellow and white buns with bean paste filling), oboro manju (a regular round manju stuffed with azuki-bean paste except that its very thin covering is peeled off after it is steamed) (Kansai region) and chuka manju (Hokkaido).

• 古典落語『時そば』の中にも「しっぽく」が出てくるが、現在の関東地方の蕎麦屋には無いことが多い。
• It is mentioned in the Rakugo (comic storytelling) classic 'Toki soba' but, nowadays, Shippoku soba is frequently not available at soba restaurants in the Kanto region.

• これは、関東大震災後に、東京の盆栽業者が盆栽の育成を行なうために集団で移転してきたためである。
• This originated when a group of bonsai growers moved there from Tokyo to grow bonsai after the Great Kanto Earthquake.

• 江戸時代には関東にも広まり、明治初期には東京浅草周辺から庶民の味として親しまれるようになった。
• During the Edo Period, karinto spread into the Kanto region and, in the early Meiji period, starting from the Tokyo Asakusa area, it began to gain popularity as a food for ordinary people.

• 関東大震災と東京大空襲の被害を受けたこともあり、弾左衛門にかかわる遺構はほとんど残っていない。
• There are hardly any structural remains that evoke the days of Danzaemon because of the damages caused by the Great Kanto Earthquake and the Great Tokyo Air Raids.

• これに乗じて頼朝は上洛も検討するが、関東政権の大勢は東国経営の優先を望んだために鎌倉に帰還した。
• Yoritomo considered proceeding on to Kyoto with the momentum he had gained, but the majority of the Kanto government gave priority to managing the East Country so he returned to Kamakura.

• 関東や在京の御家人を中心に構成されており西日本の有力御家人、武勇に優れた武士が多く所属していた。
• The group's central members were the gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate) from Kyoto and the eastern regions, and many powerful gokenin and other outstanding bushi (samurai) from the west Japan belonged to the group.

• 岩松氏は新田荘北東部の桐生に退隠していたが、後北条氏に代わって関東に入部した徳川家康に接見する。
• The Iwamatsu clan had retired in Kiryu in the northeastern part of Nitta no sho estate, and had a reception with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA who had entered the domain of Kanto for the first time in the place of the Gohojo clan.

• 関東州は、1905年調印のポーツマス条約により、租借地としてロシア帝国から引き継いだ地域である。
• Japan took over the Kwantung Leased Territory as a leased territory from the Russian Empire as a result of the Treaty of Portsmouth signed in 1905.

• 大名配置についても、大坂の周辺に譜代の大名を置き、徳川家康を関東に移すなど外様は辺境に置かれた。
• Hideyoshi placed 'fudai daimyo' (a daimyo in hereditary vassalage to the Toyotomi clan) near Osaka, while placing 'tozama daimyo' (nonhereditary feudal lord) in remote regions such as shifting Ieyasu TOKUGAWA to the Kanto region.

• 乱の鎮圧の報告がまだ平城京に届かないうちに、聖武天皇は突如関東に下ると言い出し都を出てしまった。
• Emperor Shomu thought of going to Kanto suddenly and left the capital before a report of suppression of the war arrived at the Heijo-kyo.

• 二十四輩（にじゅうよはい）とは、親鸞の関東時代の高弟24人と、その24人を開基とする寺院のこと。
• Nijuyohai refers to the 24 top disciples of the Buddhist monk Shinran when he propagated the Buddhist faith in the Kanto region, as well as the temples worshiping these disciples as founders.

• また、関東では板状のままの突き餅も販売されており、各々の家庭で好みの大きさに切り分けて食される。
• In Kanto Region, pounded mochi which is still board-shaped is also sold and this mochi is cut at each home into desired sizes and is eaten.

• 焼き締め陶で丈夫であることから江戸時代前半(17世紀)にはまたたくまに関東までのシェアを誇った。
• Since it was produced using the yakishime (pottery that is fired without any applied glaze) method and was tough, it dominated the markets over to the Kanto region in the early Edo period (the seventeenth centuries).

• 1923年の関東大震災では、身体の動作を妨げる構造である和服を着用していた女性の被害が多かった。
• Among the victims of the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, the number of women wearing traditional Japanese kimono, which limited free movement, stood out.

• このとき争議委員長は代表取締役に殴られるが、マキノ関東の坂間好之助の仲裁で製作再開のめどが立つ。
• Although there was an incident in which the leader of strikers was slapped by the representative director, the dispute was settled thanks to the mediation by Konosuke SAKAMA of Makino Kanto.

• 引き出し面の反対側に客人を座らせることから、関東火鉢の表面（オモテ）は引き出し面の反対側を言う。
• Since guests are seated at the side opposite to the drawers, this side is known as the front of Kanto hibachi.

• 関東管領という役職は、鎌倉公方の部下でありながら、任命権は京都の将軍が有するというものであった。
• Even though the post, Kanto Kanrei, was Kamakura-kubo's subordinate, shogun in Kyoto had its appointive power.

• 我是を見、扨も不思議奇特　成物かなとおもひ、此鉄炮を一挺買て、関東へ持て下り、屋形氏綱公へ進上す。
• 'I was so surprised and impressed by the 'teppo' that I purchased one, and then took it back to the Kanto region and presented it to our lord, Ujitsuna HOJO.'

• 後北条氏は天正18年（1590年）からの征伐（小田原の役）により滅ぼされ、家康は関東に移封された。
• The Gohojo clan fell from the conquest started in 1590 (the Siege of Odawara) and Ieyasu was transferred to Kanto.

• 関東から京への旅、『源氏物語』とのめぐり会い、結婚から晩年に至るまでを記した生涯の回想日記である。
• It is a diary flashing back her entire life that contained the journey from the Kanto region to Kyoto, the encounter with 'Genji Monogatari,' and the period from her marriage to her afterlife.

• なお、関西地方では豆腐屋はラッパではなく鐘（関東ではアイスクリーム屋が用いていた）を鳴らしていた。
• In the Kansai region, a tofu seller sounded a bell instead of blowing a bugle (in the Kanto region, an ice-cream seller sounded a bell).

• 永正7年（1510年）には関東管領上杉顕定をも長森原の戦いにおいて敗死させて越後一国に覇を唱えた。
• In 1510, Tamekage had Akisada UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), killed in the Battle of Nagamorihara, allowing him to hold sway in Echigo Province.

• 餅の大きさとの外観上のバランスから、関東では大きめの葉、近畿では小さめの葉を好んで使う傾向がある。
• Due to the balance between the size of the mochi and its appearance, there is a tendency to use larger leaves in the Kanto region and smaller leaves in the Kinki region.

• 近畿地方では牛肉を使用したビーフカレー、関東地方では豚肉を使用したポークカレーが定番とされている。
• In the Kinki region, the standard curry is beef curry, whereas the standard in the Kanto region is pork curry.

• 更に、関東滞在中に応仁の乱が発生し、所領である美濃国郡上を守護土岐成頼を擁する斎藤妙椿に奪われた。
• Furthermore, the Onin War broke out while he was in Kanto, and his land in Gujo, Mino Province was taken over by Myochin SAITO, who supported Shigeyori TOKI, a shugo (guard).

• 東北・関東・九州ではより広い荘園・公領単位でのゆるやかな村落が形成され、これを郷村と呼ぶこともある。
• In the Tohoku, Kanto, and Kyushu regions, the villages were loosely formed as a wider unit of shoen and koryo and they were sometimes called goson (autonomous village).

• しかしながら、大戦が終わるとその反動による深刻な不景気に苦しみ、そこに関東大震災が追い討ちをかけた。
• However, when the great war ended, Japan was troubled because the economy was seriously depressed due to reaction to the previous demand, followed by the Great Kanto Earthquake as well.

• 最終的に関東に本拠を置いた武家政権、すなわち鎌倉幕府の勝利によって内乱は終結した（治承・寿永の乱）。
• The war finally ended in the victory of the first military government, Kamakura bakufu, which placed its headquarters in the Kanto region (the Jisho-Juei War).

• 長禄3年は全国的な旱魃に加えて、関東地方の享徳の乱、畿内の台風などによって西日本を中心に飢饉が発生、
• In 1459, a nation-wide drought, the Kyotoku war in the Kanto region, and a typhoon that struck the Kinai area triggered a famine in Japan that mainly affected the western part of the country.

• そして、俘囚と呼ばれた蝦夷（えぞ）系の人々と関東以南から移住して来た人々が入り混じって生活していた。
• There, descendants of Ezo (peoples formerly of northern Japan with a distinct language and culture) called 'Fushu' and those who had moved from the region south of Kanto were mixed in together and having their lives.

• 伝統的な豪族層が支配する北関東から武蔵国の国府を通って、鎌倉に抜ける鎌倉街道はしばしば戦場になった。
• A frequent battleground was the Kamakura Kaido Road stretching from the northern Kanto, where traditional powerful families ruled, to Kamakura via the provincial capital of Musashi Province.

• これにより、22代・500年に亘って繁栄した関東の名門・宇都宮氏は歴史の表舞台から去ることとなった。
• Since then, the Utsunomiya clan, the family of pedigree in the Kanto region prospering for 22 consecutive generations for 500 years, had faded from the front stage of history.

• 高氏の嫡子千寿王（足利義詮）が合流すると関東の御家人が雪崩を打って倒幕軍に寝返り、鎌倉を陥落させる。
• When Prince Senju (Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA), the legitimate child of Takauji, joined his father, a large number of gokenin vassals from the Kanto region suddenly joined the anti-Shogunate army, and this led to the fall of the Kamakura shogunate.

• 関東御分国（かんとうごぶんこく）とは、日本の鎌倉時代において将軍家(鎌倉殿）が支配した知行国を指す。
• Kanto Gobunkoku was the group of provinces ruled and administered by Shogun families (Kamakuradono) during the Kamakura period.

• ここで頼朝政権内部の状況にも目を向けると、平広常ら有力関東武士層には東国独立論が根強く存在していた。
• At this point, taking a look at the inside of the Yoritomo government, an argument about the independence of the Togoku region deeply rooted among the influential Kanto Samurai, such as TAIRA no Hirotsune.

• 以後、同寺を本山として東北、北関東、尾張、近江に一向の法流と伝える寺院が分布し、教団を形成していた。
• Renge-ji Temple was subsequently made the head temple of Ikkoshu, and its teachings were propagated in Tohoku, Northern Kanto, Owari, and Omi by building branch temples in the areas, forming an independent Buddhist sect.

• 例を挙げると、サザエは日本海側では青森県でも漁獲されるのに対し太平洋側では関東地方以北には現れない。
• For instance, turban shells are harvested even in Aomori Prefecture on the side of the Sea of Japan, whereas, they are not found in areas north of the Kanto region on the side of the Pacific Ocean.

• そして、東京が首都になったため関東の文化が、全国に伝播していったことから来ている差異だと考えられる。
• And, since Tokyo became the capital of Japan, the Kanto culture spread all over Japan, leading to the different name (for a pork cutlet sandwich.)

• 1923年（大正12年）の関東大震災後は神戸市に転居し、1925年（大正14年）、65歳で死去した。
• After the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, he moved to Kobe City, and in 1925, died at the age of sixty-five.

• 中央情勢に左右されやすく、また弱小の御家人では関東近隣での生き残りが難しいと考えたためと推測される。
• Tsunetaka might have tried to avoid difficulties of surviving in Kanto region as a small gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods), under a direct influence of the central government.

• また、将門の叛乱自体も、関東の武士たちの支持を得られず、わずか3ヶ月で将門が戦死して新政権は崩壊した。
• Also, the insurrection of Masakado itself couldn't gain support of the samurai in Kanto, and the new government collapsed because Masakado died in battle in just 3 months.

• 賀陽宮邦憲王の王女、佐紀子女王と結婚したが、大正12年、関東大震災により鎌倉にあった宮家の別邸も倒壊。
• He married Princess Sakiko, a daughter of Prince Kayanomiya Kuninori, but his family villa in Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture was destroyed in the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923.

• 牛御前は関東に転戦し徹底抗戦、隅田川に身を投げ体長30メートルの牛鬼に変身して頼光軍を滅ぼしたという。
• Ushi gozen fought forward to the Kanto region for her all-out resistance and threw herself into Sumida-gawa River to transform herself into Ushioni 30 meters long, and she defeated Yoshimitsu's army.

• 大正8年（1919年）：パリ講和会議、関東軍設置、選挙法改正、ベニート・ムッソリーニがファシスト党結成
• 1919: the Paris Peace Conference, deployment of Kwantung Army (Japanese armed forces in Manchukuo), and the formation of Falange by Benito MUSSOLINI

• 戦国時代 (日本)末期には戦国大名となり将軍家足利氏の弱体化に伴って関東に台頭した後北条氏と対峙した。
• In the late Sengoku period (of Japan), the Utsunomiya clan became daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and confronted the Gohojo clan emerging in the Kanto region as the shogun family, the Ashikaga clan was weakened.

• 畿内では赤以外の色はほとんど用いられなかったが、関東地方では、形象埴輪にいろいろな彩色が施されている。
• No colors other than red were used in Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto), however, various colors were applied on the Keisho Haniwa (clay figure in the shape of human or beast) in Kanto region.

• この時期に、西日本から東海、関東にかけて政治的状況が大きく変わったことを示すものとして考えられている。
• This is believed to be some sign signifying a radical change in the political situation that was happening around this time, not only in western Japan but also in Tokai and Kanto regions.

• このため、　越後の守護でもあった関東管領上杉氏との戦いでは、先々代高梨政盛から多大な支援を受けていた。
• Therefore, in the battle with the Uesugi clan, who was Shugo (provincial constable) of Echigo as well as Kanto Kanrei (the shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), the Nagao family was significantly supported by Masamori TAKANASHI, the head of the Takanishi family two generations back.

• なお、ここで言う関東とは鎌倉幕府の所有という意味で、東国のという意味ではなく、西日本にも数多くあった。
• Incidentally, the word 'Kanto' in this case indicates the Kamakura bakufu itself rather than the location of the provinces, (today, 'Kanto' specifies the central-eastern region of Japan including Tokyo, and Kamakura, where the bakufu was also established) therefore Kanto Gobunkoku meant not just the provinces located in the eastern region, but also the provinces located in the western part of Japan under the ruling of the Kamakura bakufu.

• しかしながら、本格的に「御恩と奉公」が成立したのは、源頼朝が関東武士の盟主＝鎌倉殿となってからである。
• However, it was after MINAMOTO no Yoritomo became the leader of the samurai in the Kanto area, or Kamakura-dono (lord of Kamakura), that the relationships of 'goon and hoko' were firmly established.

• 寛平・延喜東国の乱（かんぴょうえんぎとうごくのらん）は、平安時代中期に関東地方で発生した群盗による乱。
• The Kanpyo-Engi Togoku War was a war raised by bandits in the Kanto region in the middle era of the Heian period.

• また、慶長17年（1612年）に無量寿寺北院の再建に着手し、寺号を喜多院と改め、関東天台の本山とする。
• In 1612, he began to reconstruct Kita-in (meaning North Temple) of Muryoju-ji Temple, renamed it to Kita-in (meaning Temple of much happiness) and made it the main temple of Kanto Tendai.

• 京都出身の入江と、関東から来た他の3名との間には、模写方法の違いだけでなく、何かと対立があったという。
• Irie from Kyoto, and the other three artists from Kanto, seemed to have disputes over not only the reproducing method, but many other issues.

• 近世初期の関東で一般的な農民の住まいは、土間に囲炉裏を作り、床にむしろなどを敷くようなものも多かった。
• In the Kanto area in the early modern period, ordinary dwellings of farmers were mostly built in such a way that an irori fireplace (open hearth) was made on doma (dirt floor) and straw mats were laid on the floors.

• 一方、関東地方では搗いた後の餅をいったん板状に成形し、固まったところで切り分ける「角餅」が主流である。
• On the other hand, in the Kanto Region, 'kaku-mochi' (square mochi) is mainstream, produced by first shaping mochi into boards after pounding it and cutting it into square pieces later on when it has cooled.

• 一方、関東においては高級日本料理店以外ではあまり目にかかることはなく、生活に密着した食材とは言えない。
• In Kanto, on the other hand, it is rarely seen other than in fancy Japanese restaurants, so it is not really seen as an everyday food.

• 関東ではシラス干しと呼ばれ生乾きの状態で出荷されていたが、現在ではその区別はあいまいになってきている。
• In Kanto region it is called Shirasu boshi and used to be shipped as half dried fish, however the difference between Chirimenjako and Shirasuboshi is not so distinct nowadays.

• 気象庁による「さくらの開花予想」の発表は、1951年（昭和26年）に関東地方を対象に当初行われていた。
• In 1951, the Japan Meteorological Agency originally issued the 'forecast of cherry blossom blooming dates' mainly in the Kanto region.

• 関東周辺や山陰の一部では主に前者を単に「桜餅」、近畿より西や北海道・北陸では後者を単に「桜餅」と呼ぶ。
• In the Kanto area and Sanin region, the former type is simply called 'sakuramochi', while it is the latter type that is referred to as 'sakuramochi' in areas west of the Kinki region, in Hokkaido and in the Hokuriku area.

• 程なくして、源義仲上京による政治的混乱を避けるため、舅の頼盛や甥の一条能保の後を追って関東に亡命した。
• In order to escape the political upheaval arising from MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka's entrance into Kyoto, he soon left Kyoto in exile to the Kanto region following Yorimori, his father-in-law and Yoshiyasu ICHIJYO, his nephew.

• また、1985年（昭和60年）には3月は月全体を通して関東以西の太平洋側地方では冷たい雨の連続であった。
• In March 1985, in regions on Pacific coast from the west up to the Kanto region, cold rainy days continued throughout the month.

• 平安京（京都）は、関東地方を基盤とする鎌倉幕府や江戸幕府の成立によって行政府としての機能を次第に失った。
• Heian-kyo (Kyoto) gradually lost its function as government administrator, by the formation of the Kamakura bakufu or Edo bakufu based in the Kanto Region.

• 1590年、豊臣秀吉により天下が定まると、秀吉より関東移封を命ぜられたため家康は武蔵の江戸を本拠とした。
• In 1590, after whole country was conquered by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Ieyasu was ordered by Hideyoshi to move to Kanto and Ieyasu took Edo in Musashi for his base.

• だが、国府台合戦後には再び北条氏に屈服し、豊臣氏の関東平定によって所領を奪われて那須氏のもとへ亡命する。
• However, the clan was again subdued by the Hojo clan after the Konodai Battle, and when the Toyotomi clan suppressed the Kanto region, it lost territory and fled to the Nasu clan for shelter.

• この関東の「牛鍋」に対し、関西では先に焼いた牛肉を砂糖・醤油・出汁で調味する「すき焼き」が行われていた。
• At the same time 'gyu-nabe' appeared in the Kanto region, the people of the Kansai region were making 'sukiyaki' for which beef was broiled before seasoning it with sugar, soy sauce and broth.

• 真言宗には1604年（慶長14年）に東寺・醍醐寺・高野山学侶方・関東真言宗古義法度などの法度が出された。
• Counter to the Shingon sect, Hatto acts against To-ji Temple, Daigo-ji Temple and Koyasan Gakuryogata, as well as Hatto act against Kanto Shingon sect Kogi (関東真言宗古義法度) were put into effect in 1604.

• ふのりはおもに関東地方で用いられ、伊勢海苔、長崎海苔などがあるが、長崎海苔のほうが細かくてよいとされた。
• Funori is mainly used in the Kanto region, and Ise-nori or Nagasaki-nori, the latter of which was considered to be better in quality due to its fineness, etc., are available.

• 以降、京都から断片的に流入した武官故実と関東在来の武士の慣習が合わさって、武家故実が体系化されていった。
• Subsequently, bukankojitsu introduced from Kyoto in piecemeal fashion and the traditional customs of warriors in the Kanto region were blended and systemized to create buke-kojitsu (military practices.)

• 関東地方での騒乱は1438年（永享10）の永享の乱、1440年（永享12）の結城合戦などに引き継がれた。
• The disturbances in the Kanto region continued, such as the Eikyo War in 1438 and the Battle of Yuki in 1440.

• 関東大震災後の復興作品として企画された、新派劇の人気俳優、水谷八重子主演の『お父さん』の監督を任された。
• He was selected to direct 'Otosan' (lit. Father) which was planned as a picture to mark the reconstruction following the Great Kanto Earthquake and starred popular shinpa-geki (new school theater) actress Yaeko MIZUTANI (I).

• 同年9月1日の関東大震災のため京都の大将軍撮影所に移り、「峠の唄」「大地は微笑む」などの佳作を手がけた。
• On September 1 of the same year, Mizoguchi moved to Nikkatsu's Taishogun Studio due to the Great Kanto Earthquake, and made fine films such as 'Toge no uta' (The Song of the Mountain Pass) and 'Daichi wa hohoemu' (The Earth Smiles).

• こうして一時的に義仲と松殿家に天下が訪れたが、関東では法皇幽閉を聞きつけた鎌倉源氏がいよいよ挙兵に及ぶ。
• Kamakura-Genji (the Minamoto clan) which had heard of imprisonment of Cloistered Emperor Gotoba was about to take up arms in the Kanto region, while Yoshinaka and the Matsudono family temporarily ruled the world.

• 憲実は持氏の助命と義久の関東公方就任を幕府に嘆願するが、義教はこれを許さず、憲実に持氏を殺すよう命じた。
• Although Norizane pleaded with Bakufu for Mochiie's life and Yoshihisa's assumption of Kanto-kubo, Yoshinori didn't accept this and ordered Norizane to kill Mochiuji.

• もともと上杉家は足利氏の外戚として名門の地位にあり、関東管領職はその縁で代々任じられてきた役職であった。
• Originally the Uesugi family inherited the family pedigree of a maternal relative of the Ashikaga clan, and had been appointed to Kanto Kanrei for generations due to such a relationship.

• 関東を平定した頼朝は父祖ゆかりの地であり、天然の要害である鎌倉に入り、大倉（大蔵）という場所に館を設ける。
• Yoritomo who had conquered the Kanto region, entered Kamakura, his ancestors' land and a natural fortress, and established his residence at Okura.

• 大正天皇・昭和天皇とも即位の礼を京都御所で行なっており、今上天皇は、関東の地で即位した初めての天皇である。
• In contrast to the Emperor Taisho and the Emperor Showa, both of whom held the enthronement ceremony at Kyoto Imperial Palace, the present Emperor held the ceremony in the Imperial Palace to be the first emperor ascended the throne in Kanto region.

• 上杉禅秀の乱（うえすぎぜんしゅうのらん）とは、室町時代の1416年（応永23年）に関東地方で起こった戦乱。
• The War of Zenshu UESUGI was the war that broke out in the Kanto region in 1416, the Muromachi period.

• 鎌倉時代後期になると、宇佐神宮による支配が緩み、一時は小田原氏などの関東の御家人が領有するところとなった。
• In the latter half of the Kamakura period, control by Usa-jingu Shrine was relaxed and the area temporarily came into the possession of Kanto region gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate) such as the Odawara clan.

• また実際に関東大震災や空襲、校舎火災の際に御真影を守ろうとして殉職した校長の美談がいくつか伝えられている。
• Indeed, some heroic tales of principles who died protecting the goshin-ei portrait in the Great Kanto Earthquake, air raids and fires have been passed on.

• 論拠は、唯円の名が作中に出ていることや、本文の流れからして東国門徒（関東の浄土真宗信者）であることによる。
• They based on the facts the name of Yuien appeared in the book, and the writer could be guessed to have been Togoku-monto (believer of the Jodo-shin sect in Kanto region) judging from the context.

• 親鸞の関東教化の拠点であった下野国高田の如来堂を中心に高田門徒が形成され、真仏はその中心的な存在であった。
• Nyorai-do Temple in Takada, Shimotsuke Province, was the center of Shinran's teaching in the Kanto region, and the Takada Sect was formed around it, and Shinbutsu was a leading figure of the Sect.

• 同年より、父覚惠、浄賀（じょうがほうげん）らと共に、東国（関東）の親鸞の遺跡を巡拝し、遺弟に教えを受ける。
• Since this year, he visited Shinran's remains in Togoku (Kanto region) along with his father Kakue and Joga Hogen and was taught by Shinran's disciples.

• その料金のことを、関東では「玉代（ぎょくだい）」または「線香代」、関西では「花代（はなだい）」などと呼ぶ。
• The fee is referred to as 'Gyokudai (time charge for a geisha)' or 'Senko-dai (fee for a geisha's time)' in the Kanto region and 'Hana-dai (fee for a woman's companionship)' in the Kansai region.

• この五重塔は関東大震災や東京空襲にも無事だったが、昭和32年7月に谷中五重塔放火心中事件によって焼失した。
• This Gojunoto survived the Great Kanto Earthquake and the Great Tokyo Air Raids, but was destroyed by the incident of arson-double suicide at Yanaka no Gojunoto in July 1957.

• その後、関西のすき焼き店が関東に進出してきた時に、溶き卵を付けて食べる習慣も持ち込まれ、一般化したと言う。
• Later, when sukiyaki restaurants in the Kansai region expanded their business into the Kanto region, they brought with them the custom of eating sukiyaki with beaten eggs and it later became generally accepted in the Kanto region.

• ただし現在の武道史の研究では、京八流・関東七流の実在を確認できないため、単なる伝説と扱うのが一般的である。
• However, current researchers of Kenjutsu history generally regard the above-mentioned as a legend since the existence of Kyo-Hachiryu and Kanto-Shichiryu has not been confirmed.

• おりしも、同年9月1日に起きた関東大震災で首都が壊滅し、松竹や日活の在京撮影所が京都に避難・機能移転した。
• After Tokyo was devastated by the Kanto Great Earthquake occurred on September 1 of the same year, studios of Shochiku and Nikkatsu located in Tokyo were relocated to Kyoto.

• しかし6代素蓮宗順のとき関東大震災によって浜町の住居を焼失してしまい、家元としては一時断絶という形になる。
• However, during the time of the sixth tea master Suren Sojun (素蓮宗順), the house in Hamacho burned to the ground as a result of the Great Kanto Earthquake, and the position of tea master was temporarily discontinued.

• 義広は初め同母の次兄・義賢と親しく、義賢とほぼ同時期に関東に下向し、協同して長兄・義朝の勢力圏を脅かした。
• Yoshihiro had originally been on good terms with the second brother Yoshikata, and he and Yoshikata went to Kanto at about the same time, threatening their eldest brother Yoshitomo's sphere of influence with their cooperation.

• 元暦2年（1185年）3月24日、関門海峡の壇ノ浦で平氏軍と関東政権軍の間で海戦が行われた（壇ノ浦の戦い）。
• On May 2, 1185, a naval battle between the Taira clan and Kanto government forces was fought (the Battle of Dannoura).

• だが、亀山は関東申次の西園寺実兼との不和に加えて、霜月騒動で失脚した安達泰盛と親しかった事が幕府を刺激する。
• However the bakufu did not like the fact that Kameyama did not get along well with Kanto Moshitsugi, Sanekane SAIONJI, also he was close to Yasumori ADACHI who lost his position from being involved in the Shimotsuki Disturbance.

• 天正18年（1590年）小田原の役がおこり、豊臣秀吉は小田原城を包囲し、関東、東北地方の諸氏に参陣を命じた。
• In 1590, when the Siege of Odawara occurred, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and his army, surrounding Odawara-jo Castle, ordered other clans in Kanto and Tohoku to join the battle.

• 住民構成は、朝鮮・台湾・関東州とことなり、現地人である島民よりも日本人や台湾人などの移住者の人口が多かった。
• As for the demographic structure, unlike Korea, Taiwan, and the Kwantung Leased Territory, the population of immigrants, such as Japanese or Taiwanese, was larger than that of the indigenous islanders.

• 1585年（天正13年10月）に九州地方、1587年（天正15年12月）に関東・奥羽地方に向けて制定された。
• It was issued in November 1585 in the Kyushu region, and was issued in December 1587 in the Kanto and Ou regions.

• 鎌倉時代に治天の君・天皇の勅裁は関東申次を経由して鎌倉幕府あるいはその出先機関である六波羅探題に伝達された。
• During the Kamakura period the imperial messages of Chiten no kimi or from the emperor were sent to the Kamakura bakufu or Rokuhara tandai (the bakufu's regional office) through Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu).

• 掘り込み地業は関東地方の終末期古墳に時々見られるが、1.5メートルもの深さに及ぶものは他にほとんど例がない。
• The tumulus's foundation work is unique in its depth of 1.5 meters although it is occasionally observed in tumuli from the late to the end of the Kofun period.

• もち米を搗くまではどの地方でも同じ製法をとるが、その後の形成方法は関東地方と関西地方で異なる（鏡餅を除く）。
• The same production method is used in every area in Japan to process by pounding boiled glutinous rice, however, the shaping method used following this process differs between Kanto Region and Kansai Region (except kagami-mochi: literally, mirror mochi, which is round mochi offered to deify at the New Year's Day).

• 逆に関東地方を始め、浜名湖以東の地域では酢に加えてケチャップを使うことが多く、この場合、あんの色は赤である。
• On the other hand, starting with the Kanto region and in the areas to the east of the Lake Hamana, in addition to vinegar, ketchup is often used so that the color of the gelee is red.

• ごく一般的な銭湯の構造の例は次のようになっている（なお、この見取り図は関東地方の銭湯に多いパターンである）。
• A typical sento is structured as follows (the layout shows the most popular pattern of sento in the Kanto region):

• 日本では麺類のつゆに代表されるように、一般的に関東では濃い色合い、関西では薄い色合いが好まれるとされている。
• Generally, in Japan, dark-colored dishes are preferred in Kanto while light-colored dishes are preferred in Kansai, as epitomized in Mentsuyu (Japanese soup base).

• 足利尊氏が関東地方において反旗を翻すと「大将軍」として東海道を進軍して戦う（『忽那家文書』）が、敗れて西走。
• When Takauji ASHIKAGA rose in revolt in the Kanto region, he charged forward through Tokai-do Road and fought ('Kutsuna Family's notes'), but was defeated and escaped to Saigoku (western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki)).

• 1377年には関東管領に任じられて若年の鎌倉公方・足利氏満の補佐に尽力し、翌年には武蔵国の守護に任じられた。
• In 1377, he was appointed as Kanto Kanrei (shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) and assisted Kamakura kubo (governor-general of the Kanto region) Ujimitsu ASHIKAGA, who was young at the time, and a year later, he was ordered to be a Shugo of Musashi Province.

• 東国で平忠常が叛乱を起こすと、朝廷は在京の軍事貴族であり、関東に本拠を持つ平直方に平忠常征伐の勅命を下した。
• When TAIRA no Tadatsune rose in the Revolt in the Kanto Provinces, the Imperial Court issued an Imperial order to TAIRA no Naokata, who was a military aristocracy staying in Kyoto, but had his homebase in Kanto region, to go on an expedition to conquest TAIRA no Tadatsune.

• しかし、上杉軍が関東から引き上げると、後北条氏が再び攻撃を始め、古河御所の陥落以後、消息がわからなくなった。
• However, when the Uesugi army withdrew from Kanto region, the Gohojo clan launched an attack again and he disappeared after the fall of Kogagosho (residence of Kogakubo).

• 永禄4年（1561年）、関東管領の就任式では忍城城主・成田長泰の非礼に激昂し、顔面を扇子で打ちつけたという。
• It is said that during the ceremony for assuming the position of Kanto Kanrei in 1561, Kenshin was upset with the indecent behavior of Nagayashi NARITA, lord of Oshi-jo castle, and slapped him in the face with a sensu (folding fan).

• 建武の新政においては関東統治のため鎌倉将軍府が置かれ、足利尊氏の弟である足利直義が成良親王を奉じて派遣される。
• Under Kenmu Restoration, the Kamakura Shogunfu (local institution of Kenmu government) was established to control the Kanto region and Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, a younger brother of Takauji ASHIKAGA, was dispatched by order of Imperial Prince Nariyoshi (also known as Narinaga).

• ところで、9世紀ごろから関東地方を中心として、富豪層による運京途中の税の強奪など、群盗行為が横行し始めていた。
• From the 9th century onwards especially in the Kanto region, millionaires who brought taxes to Kyoto were assaulted and robbed.

• 治世中の承平5年（935年）2月、平将門が関東で反乱を起こし、次いで翌年には瀬戸内海で藤原純友が乱を起こした。
• In 935, during his reign, there was an incident caused by TAIRA no Masakado in the Kanto area, and the following year there was another one in the Inland Sea (of Japan) caused by FUJIWARA no Sumitomo.

• なお、共通法は、その性質上当然に（領土ではない関東州や南洋群島も含む）外地にも施行されるべき法律とされていた。
• The Common law was considered applicable to overseas territories (including the Kwantung Leased Territory and the South Sea Islands which were not Japan's territories) due to the nature.

• 鎌倉幕府における関東御分国に当たるような土地を持てなかった室町幕府にとってこれらの収入は大きな役割を果たした。
• These incomes played an important role for the Muromachi bakufu, which was unable to own land equivalent to Kantogobunkoku (provincial territories belonging to the Kamakura bakufu).

• こういう点からしても、ライバルの関東の酒である地廻り酒を扱う店はとてもではないが太刀打ちできなかったのである。
• Considering these points, the stores handling jimarawi-zake, which were manufactured in the Kanto area and competed with kudari-zake, were no match for those handling kudari-zake.

• 豊臣氏の所領（蔵入地）も、全国合わせて222万石と、家康が関東で支配していた250万石に及ばない石高であった。
• The Toyotomi clan's territory (directly-controlled land) was 2,220,000 koku in total and was less than Ieyasu's territory in the Kanto region, which was 2,500,000 koku.

• 最近では関東でも徐々に盛んになりつつあり、浅草寺では3～5月にかけて上記と同様の参拝客が目に付くようになった。
• This ritual has gradually became popular also in the Kanto region, and visitors participating in it are often seen at Senso-ji Temple from March to May.

• 剣客を生んだ地域を見ると、剣術道場の多かった関東地方（関八州）や、倒幕運動に積極的な薩摩国・土佐国が知られる。
• Kanto region (Kan hasshu) where a lot of Kenjutsu dojo (hall used for swordplay training) were located and Satsuma/Tosa province which actively participated in the movement to overthrow the shogunate are known as the places from which many expert swordsmen hailed.

• 蕎麦が好まれる江戸には特にその数が多く、関東大震災以前は各町内に一軒もしくは二軒の蕎麦屋があるのが普通だった。
• In Edo where soba was popular, soba restaurants were particularly numerous and, prior to the Great Kanto Earthquake, it was common to see one or two sobaya on every block.

• そのせいか関西は元より関東の料理屋でも「淡口醤油はヒガシマル以外は使わない」など特定のメーカーへ拘る所がある。
• For that reason, preferences for particular manufacturers such as 'soy-sauce other than that of Higashimaru Shoyu Co., Ltd. is not used' are seen in some restaurants in the Kanto region as well as restaurants in the Kansai region.

• 安政5年（1858年）の安政の大獄では、京都町奉行所の厳しい取調べの後、関東に送られ、押込30日に処せられた。
• In Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the Shogunate) in 1858, she was harshly interrogated at a town magistrate's office in Kyoto, then was sent to Kanto, and was confined for 30 days.

• 小山若犬丸の反乱鎮圧など、実父の憲方に従って多くの戦功を挙げ、1392年に実父の後を受けて関東管領に就任した。
• He was distinguished in war service by following orders from his own father, such as suppression of the rebellion by Wakainumaru OYAMA, and in 1392 he was appointed as Kanto Kanrei (shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) after his father.

• このことから、上記の関東大仏造営料唐船と同様、この船が元へ再航する際に住吉神社造営料唐船に指定されたと思われる。
• Therefore, the ship, like Kanto-daibutsu zoeiryotosen above, is believed to have been designated as Sumiyoshi-jinja zoeiryotosen when it traveled to Yuan again.

• 永禄3年（1560年）、長尾景虎（上杉謙信）との約束に従って越後国へ下向、翌年の景虎の関東出兵にも同道している。
• In 1560, he left the capital for Echigo Province following through on his promise with Kagetora NAGAO (also known as Kenshin UESUGI), and also accompanied Kagetora's dispatch troops to Kanto region in the following year.

• その後、尊氏の子・足利基氏が鎌倉公方として関東に派遣されると、師冬は上杉憲顕と協力して幼少の基氏の補佐に当たる。
• When Motouji ASHIKAGA, a son of Takauji, was sent to Kanto region as the Kamakura Kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region), Morofuyu and Noriaki UESUGI cooperated to support young Motouji.

• 関東公方足利満兼は武蔵国府中から上野国足利荘(栃木県足利市)まで進軍するが、義弘敗死の報を聞いて鎌倉へ引き返した。
• Mitsukane ASHIKAGA, the kubo of the Kanto, had taken his army and marched from Fuchu in Musashi Province as far as the Ashikaga family's private estates in Shimotsuke Province (modern-day Ashikaga City in Tochigi Pref.), but when news of Yoshihiro's defeat and death reached him, he turned back to Kamakura.

• 後醍醐天皇が建武の新政の一環として関東統治を目的に皇子・成良親王を奉じて鎌倉へ下向させて創設した鎌倉将軍府が起源。
• Its origin was the Kamakura shogunfu headed by Imperial Prince Nariyoshi, a prince of Emperor Godaigo, which Emperor Godaigo established, as a part of the Kenmu Restoration, for the purpose of ruling the Kanto region.

• だが、この乱をきっかけにした戦闘は応仁の乱終結後も地方へと拡大し、関東の享徳の乱も更に10年近く戦いが継続された。
• However, the armed conflict that began in the Onin War spread out to more rural areas and continued even after the fighting petered out in the capital, and in Kanto, the Kyotoku Incident extended the bloodshed for almost ten additional years after the Onin War ended.

• 平将門は、一族の内部抗争を勝抜き坂東（関東一円）を制圧すると、天慶2年（939年）、上野国庁で即位の儀礼を行った。
• TAIRA no Masakado, after conquering Bando (old Kanto region), having won out family struggles, held a ceremony of enthronement at the local government of Kozuke in 939.

• 江戸時代には庶民に観音巡礼が広まり、関東の坂東三十三箇所や秩父三十四箇所と併せて日本百観音と言われるようになった。
• In the Edo period, the Kannon pilgrimage spread among ordinary people, and together with the Bando Sanjusankasho (Thirty-three Holy Places of Kannon in the Bando region) and the Chichibu Sanjuyonkasho (Thirty-four Holy Places of Kannon in the Chichibu area), the Saigoku Sanjusankasho came to be called the 'Nihon Hyaku Kannon' (hundred Kannon temples in Japan).

• 関東の覇者となった後北条氏に取り込まれて傀儡化した古河公方とともに、こちらも政略結婚を通じて北条氏の傘下に入った。
• The Oshu Kira clan came under jurisdiction of the Hojo clan through a marriage of expediency, in the similar manner to the Kogakubo, coaxed and became a puppet player of the Gohojo clan who had become the ruler of the Kanto region.

• この他、秀頼・淀殿の関東下向を行わなくて良い事も決められた（但し、二の丸の破壊をしなくても良いという史料もある）。
• Others included a decision that Hideyori/Yodo-dono had no obligation to go to Edo (however, there is historical material that Ninomaru needed no destruction).

• こうした動きとは別に、東京都による音頭とりによって、関東の8都県市では協調して花粉症対策を進めていくことになった。
• The example set by Tokyo has spurred on the implementation of pollinosis countermeasures by cooperation between Tokyo, Kanagawa Prefecture, Chiba Prefecture, Saitama Prefecture, Yokohama City, Kawasaki City, Chiba City and Saitama City.

• 関東屋は庸軒の叔父の藤村紹和を元祖とする縁戚であり、養子による継承を重ねて正斎のあと一時断絶したがのちに再興した。
• Kantoya was ran by Yoken's relatives, its originator being Tsugukazu FUJIMURA, Yoken's uncle; Kantoya was temporarily discontinued after Seisai in spite of successions by adopted sons, but it was later restored.

• この常設の國技舘にも枡席が導入され、しかもその後の相次ぐ失火や関東大震災による焼失と再建の際にもそれを存続させた。
• The Kokugikan not only adopted masuseki but also maintained them through its turbulent history, the stadium being burnt down due to repeated accidental fires, and rebuilt following the Great Kanto Earthquake.

• 伊勢平氏の家系は桓武平氏の嫡流の平国香、平貞盛の血筋であり、他の坂東八平氏に代表される家系と同様に、関東に住した。
• The Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) pedigree includes Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) lines of TAIRA no Kunika and TAIRA no Sadamori, as with other representative branches of families such as Bando Hachi Heishi (the Eight Taira Groups of the East), they lived in the Kanto (Eastern) region of Japan.

• 南朝の北畠親房は関東地方で南朝勢力の結集を図り、篭城した常陸国小田城にて南朝の正統性を示す「神皇正統記」を執筆する。
• Chikafusa KITABATAKE, of the Southern Court, planned to concentrate the Southern Court's forces in Kanto, and wrote the Jinno shotoki (Succession of Heavenly Imperial Rulers), a document trying to show the Southern Court's legitimacy, while besieging Oda castle in Hitachi Province.

• 東国からの参詣者はその言葉遣いや服装に特色があることから、熊野を含む紀南地方では「関東ベエ」「奥州ベエ」と呼ばれた。
• Since the pilgrims from Togoku were characterized by their dialect and clothing, they were called 'kanto-be' or 'oshu-be' in Kinan region including Kumano.

• しかし、関東武士層を権力基盤とする頼朝は、軍事貴族としての地位を否定し、鎌倉殿という新たな武家棟梁の地位を確立した。
• Yoritomo, who was basing his power in the samurai class in Kanto, rejected the military aristocrat position and established a new samurai leader position as Kamakura-dono (lord of Kamakura).

• 以仁王の死後も頼朝は自らの関東支配の大義名分として以仁王の「令旨」を掲げ、寿永改元後も治承年号の文書を発給している。
• Even after prince Mochihito's death, Yoritomo was able to point to his 'princely command' as a just cause to rally the portions of the Kanto region under Yoritomo's own control, and continued to issue documents bearing the Jisho era name even after the era name was changed to Juei (arguing thereby that the current emperor's administration was illegitimate).

• （豊臣氏家臣山中長俊から増田長盛にあてた関東処分に関する報告書においても頼純が小弓に滞在している事を示唆している。）
• In the report of Nagatoshi YAMANAKA, a vassal of the Toyotomi clan, regarding the postwar settlement of Kanto region, which was addressed to his counterpart, Nagamori MASHITA, it was also indicated that Yorizumi had been in Oyumi.

• 例えば、日本の関東平野は周囲を山地に囲まれているため、どちらから風が吹いても大量の花粉が飛散してくるといわれている。
• For example, large quantities of pollen are said to be distributed throughout Japan's Kanto Plain regardless of which direction the wind blows from due to the fact that the region is surrounded by mountains.

• 第三代 覚如 (1270～1351) …延慶3年（1310年）、東国（関東）の門徒の了承を得て、大谷廟堂留守職継承。
• The third chief priest, Kakunyo (1270-1351): succeeded Rusushiki of Otani Mausoleum with the approval of lay followers in Eastern provinces in 1310.

• 現在は殆ど見られないが、かつて、主に関東地方において、豆腐の売り歩きをする際に豆腐屋はラッパを吹きながら売り歩いた。
• Although seldom seen today, the tofu seller blow a bugle when carrying tofu on his sales route, mainly in the Kanto region.

• 大正12年（1923年）の関東大震災で、復興需要の急増と、木版摺りの版木が焼失したのに伴い、新楽水紙が主流となった。
• In accordance with a rapid increase of demand for reconstruction and the loss of the plates for woodblock printing by fire due to the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, shin-rakusui-shi became the mainstream.

• 家康の関東入部に伴い、三河地方の畳職人も江戸に移り、必然的に江戸でも「田舎間」の畳を作り、それが標準となったという。
• It is said that with entering into the Kanto Region, the tatami craftsmen in the Mikawa Region inevitably moved to Edo and produced the tatami of 'inaka-ma,' which later became the standard.

• 建長5年（1253年）頃、善鸞（親鸞の息子）とその息子如信（親鸞の孫）を正統な宗義布教の為に東国（関東）へ派遣した。
• Around 1253, Shinran sent his son Zenran and his grandson Nyoshin to the Kanto region in order to spread an authentic doctrine to people.

• 関東では汁物や煮物にも濃口醤油を利用し、冷めても味を損じない濃い味付けが行われ、折り詰などの土産料理として発達した。
• In the Kanto region, strong soy sauce was used as seasoning even for shiru-mono dishes (soup dishes) and nimono (boiled and seasoned foods) so that the tastes of these dishes could be enjoyed even when they became cold, and dishes using such seasoning developed as souvenir dishes, for example, in the form of box lunches.

• そこで景仲は扇谷上杉家の家宰で娘婿の太田資清と相談して憲実の長男・竜忠（上杉憲忠）を連れ出して関東管領を継承させた。
• Then, after consulting with Sukekiyo OTA, who was a main retainer of Ogigayatsu-Uesugi family and Kagenaka's son-in-low, Kagenaka called back the first son of Norizane, 竜忠 (Noritada UESUGI) to the family in order to have him succeed to Kanto Kanrei.

• 源義朝が都から関東の地に下向してくると、下野国の源義国と相模国の源義朝という源氏の二つの勢力が存在するようになった。
• When MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo moved to Kanto region from Kyoto, two Minamoto clans - Shimotsuke Province-based Yoshikuni and Sagami Province-based Yoshitomo - stood together in the region.

• 1416年の鎌倉での上杉禅秀の乱が収束し、翌1418年には、関東管領の上杉憲基（山内上杉氏）の養子となり鎌倉へ下る。
• After War of Zenshu UESUGI was resolved in Kamakura in 1416, he became an adopted son of Kanto Kanrei, Norimoto UESUGI (theYamanouchi-Uesugi clan) in 1418, and went down to Kamakura.

• 頼朝の父・源義朝は、平治の乱（平治元年/1159年）で平清盛との戦いに敗れ、関東へ落ち延びる途中、尾張国で殺害された。
• MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's father, MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, was defeated in a battle with TAIRA no Kiyomori in the Heiji War (in 1159) and killed in Owari Province while he was running away to Kanto region.

• 南北朝時代から室町時代には、関東地方で武蔵七党など中小武士団による白旗一揆、武蔵平一揆などの国人一揆が盛んに結ばれる。
• From the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Muromachi period, groups of small and middle-class samurai such as Musashi-shichito parties (seven parties of samurai in Musashi Province) had formed many kokujin ikki in the Kanto area including shirahata ikki and musashi hei ikki.

• 鎌倉府（かまくらふ）とは、南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代にかけて、室町幕府が関東を統治するために設置した政庁である。
• The Kamakurafu was a government office which the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) established in the Northern and Southern courts period and the Muromachi period for the purpose of ruling the Kanto region.

• 不遇を囲った源為義の子で東国に下っていた源義朝は、保元の乱において、河内源氏恩顧の関東の武士を糾合して天皇方に立った。
• MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, who lived in the east and was the son of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, who lived in unfortunate circumstances, gathered samurai from the Kanto region who received Kawachi-Genji's special favors, and supported the Emperor in the Hogen Disturbance.

• だが、いまだに関東を中心に旧幕府の勢力圏が広がっている中で、朝廷が真の意味で倒幕を実現させるまでにはなお時間を要した。
• But as the former Shogunate's sphere of influence was still spreading out of the Kanto region, it took the Imperial Court more time to overthrow the Shogunate in any real sense.

• ただし、これらの法令は朝鮮・台湾・関東州・南洋群島・樺太について規定しており、これらが外地に相当するものと推定される。
• However, these laws stipulated matters in Korea, Taiwan, the Kwantung Leased Territory, the South Sea Islands and Sakhalin and so it was presumed that these regions fell under Gaichi.

• 鎌倉公方の足利持氏と関東管領の上杉憲実の対立に端を発する、室町幕府6代将軍足利義教が持氏討伐を命じた事件、戦いである。
• It is an incident or a war which originated from confrontation between Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura Kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) and Norizane UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), and for which Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, the sixth shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), ordered to suppress Mochiuji.

• いずれの場合も、漢方薬で消化を助けるとされるサンショウの粉を振りかけて食べる習慣がある（関東で始まった風習とされる）。
• In either case, it is a custom to eat eel kabayaki with powdered sansho, a Chinese medicinal herb that is considered to aid digestion (the custom is considered to have started in Kanto region).

• 米を原料とするものは、米菓煎餅（べいかせんべい）ともいい、主に関東地方で古くから煎餅と呼ばれて作られてきたものである。
• Senbei made from rice is also called beika-senbei (米菓煎餅), which has been made in the Kanto region since olden days under the name of senbei.

• トップノートの弱い（関東の濃口と比較して「鼻にツンと来ない」と評される）、色や香りに濃厚な風合いが好まれる傾向にある。
• The soy-sauce which is less stimulating (it is described less pungent compared with the koikuchi soy-sauce in Kanto) in dark color and with rich flavor is preferred.

• 主に本州の各地で銘菓として作られており、京都や岐阜などでは求肥のみを入れるが、関東では求肥と餡が入っていることが多い。
• It is mainly made as a famous kind of cake all over Honshu, and while in places like Kyoto and Gifu Prefectures only gyuhi is wrapped inside, sweet bean paste is added in the Kanto region.

• 1299年（正安元年）のとき右大臣に就き、更に父実兼の関東申次を継ぎ、大覚寺統・持明院統問題に際して権力を振りかざす。
• In 1299 he became Udaijin (minister of the right) and also succeeded his father Sanekane as Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu), and then he fully demonstrated his power over the struggle for succession to the Imperial Throne between the Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama) and the Jimyoin-to (imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu).

• マニュファクチュア生産は、大坂周辺や尾張国の綿織物業、桐生市・足利市・結城市など北関東地方の絹織物業などでおこなわれた。
• Manufacture developed in the cotton fabrics industry around Osaka and Owari Province as well as the silk fabrics industry in the north Kanto region such as Kiryu City, Ashikaga city, Yuki City and so on.

• その後、持氏は岩松氏や佐竹氏（山入氏系）などの氏憲の残党狩りや京都扶持衆の大名など関東における反対勢力の粛清などを行う。
• After that Mochiuji hunted the remaining attendants of Ujinori, including the Iwamatsu clan and the Satake clan (originating from the Yamairi clan), and purged the opponents in Kanto region including territorial lords belonging to Kyoto fuchishu (samurai in Kanto and Tohoku regions who were direct vassals of Shogun).

• 高畠が興した東京（1917年に横須賀に移転か?）のヨーロッパ軒は1923年9月の関東大震災により被災し、再建不能となる。
• Yoroppaken which Takabatake opened in Tokyo (which might have moved to Yokosuka in 1917) was destroyed by the Great Kanto Earthquake in September 1923 and could not be rebuilt.

• 一方、関東地方では他の地方とは異なり、6世紀、埼玉古墳群など墳丘長100メートルクラスを含む前方後円墳が盛んに造られる。
• In contrast, unlike elsewhere, in the Kanto region, many keyhole-shaped tumuli including those with burial mounds being as long as 100 meters such as Saitama-kofun Tumuli Group were constructed in the sixth century.

• また東京の中心部にはないが、関東全域の伝統的なうどんでは煮干、干椎茸を用いた出汁で醤油ないし味噌で味付けしたものが多い。
• Moreover, traditional Udon noodles served in all Kanto except for the central part of Tokyo, mostly use soup broth made from boiled-dried fish and dried Shiitake Mushrooms, seasoned by soy sauce or miso (fermented soybean paste).

• 漢詩僧の万里集九は応仁の乱で美濃国に下向したのち、太田道灌の招きで江戸に向かい、関東一円、越後国、飛騨国などを遍歴した。
• Shukyu BANRI, a priest and a composer of Chinese-style poems, went down to Mino Province in the Onin War, and then left for Edo at Dokan OTA's invitation; he traveled all over the Kanto region, Echigo Province, and Hida Province.

• 関西で言うところのぜんざいを汁粉と呼ぶ関東地方では、餅や白玉に汁気のない餡をかけたものを「ぜんざい」と称することがある。
• In the Kanto region where the dish known as zenzai in the Kansai region is called shiruko, 'zenzai' refers to the mochi or shiratama dumpling dish with a dry azuki bean paste.

• 主に温泉が湧出する観光温泉地の共同浴場であるが、これが関東大震災後に東京で成立する宮型造り銭湯の様式としても採用された。
• These communal bathhouses were mainly built in sightseeing and hot-spa areas where hot springs were located, and this architectural mannerism was adopted as an architectural style of the shrine-shaped sento established in Tokyo after the Great Kanto Earthquake.

• 関東と同じく、黒には魔よけの力が有るとされていたので、まめ（勤勉）に働き、まめ（健康）に暮らせることを願って食べられた。
• As in the kanto style, kuromame has been eaten to encourage the ability to work hard and lead a healthy life, because it was said that its black color had the effect of charming evil spirits.

• 醤油味の汁のおでんについては「関東煮（かんとに）」と呼び、おでんといえば味噌おでんや味噌田楽を指す場合が珍しくなかった。
• Oden with a soy sauce-flavored soup was called 'Kanto ni;' hence, 'Oden' mostly referred to Miso Oden or Misodengaku

• 天正18年（1590年）、徳川家康が関東に移封されたとき、それまでの戦功を賞されて下総山崎藩1万2000石を与えられた。
• In 1590, when Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was transferred to the Kanto region, Nagamori was allowed to rule the Shimosa-Yamazaki Domain with an estimated rice yield of 12,000 koku as a reward for his distinguished services as a warrior.

• ちなみに謙信の関東出陣回数は17回であり、どれもことごとく徒労に終わるものだったが、これも謙信の義理堅さを証明している。
• Incidentally, 17 departures for the front in the Kanto region by Kenshin were all vain efforts, which proved his strong sense of duty.

• さらにさらに「坤」として明治37年から大正9年までの原稿を用意していたが、原稿を用意していたが関東大震災のため焼失した。
• He also prepared a draft for 'Kon' (the second volume) including the reputations of kabuki from 1904 to 1920, however it was burnt at the Great Kanto Earthquake.

• 東北地方は弥生時代以降も続縄文文化や擦文文化に属する人々が北海道から南下して住み着くなど、関東以南とは異なる歴史を辿った。
• In and after the Yayoi period, people who belonged to the Jomon culture (an ancient culture in Japan) or the Satsumon culture (an ancient culture in Hokkaido) continually moved southward from Hokkaido to settle in the Tohoku region; therefore, historically the Tohoku region followed a different path from that of the region south of Kanto.

• 景虎は、相模国・鎌倉市の鶴岡八幡宮で、上杉家家督相続と関東管領職就任の儀式を行い、名を上杉政虎と改めて越後国へ引き揚げた。
• Kagetora held the ceremony of inheriting the head post of the Uesugi family and that of assuming the Kanto Kanrei post at Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine in Kamakura City, Sagami Province, and changing his name to Masatora UESUGI, returned to Echigo province.

• 扨又根来法師に、杉房・二王坊・岸和田などといふ者下りて、関東をかけまはつて鉄炮ををしへしが、今見れば人毎に持し、と申されし
• 'Priests of Negoro-ji Temple such as Sugibo, Niobo, and Kishiwada traveled around the Kanto region to teach gun manufacturing but today everyone has a gun.'

• 関東での一切経書写の検校や筑紫観世音寺講師などを歴任した後、842年（承和 (日本)9年）唐の商人李処人の船で唐に渡った。
• After he served as a proofreader of hand-written Issai-kyo Sutra in the Kanto region and a lecturer at Chikushi Kanzeon-ji Temple, he went to Tang in 842 on a ship owned by Ri Shojin, a merchant of Tang.

• 頂骨と遺品の多くは弟子の善性らによって東国（関東）に運ばれ、東国布教の聖地である「稲田の草庵」に納められたとも伝えられる。
• Some belongings left by Shinran and a part of his skull were carried to the Kanto region by disciples such as Zensho, and placed into the 'Inada no soan' in which Shinran lived while preaching in the Kanto region.

• さらに同時代にあっては、越後国も上野国もともに関東管領山内上杉家の分国だったため、関越間の交通もまた頻繁だったことがある。
• In addition, since both Echigo Province and Kozuke Province were, at that period, under the control of the Yamauchi Uesugi family, who were Kanto Kanrei (shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), traffic between Echigo and Kanto was frequent.

• 近年では、東京方面でもうどん専門店が増えた影響からか、一部には「関東風」と「関西風」の2種類のつゆを選べる店舗も出てきた。
• An increasing number of Udon shops in the Tokyo area these days may exert influence on some shops, because they provide two types of soup broth, 'Kanto type' and 'Kansai type.'

• 日本での主産地は群馬県で国内産の9割を占め、第2位は栃木県、第3位は茨城県と続き、全国の約97%は北関東で生産されている。
• Gunma Prefecture, a major konnyaku producing area in Japan, accounts for 90% of domestic konnyaku production, followed by Tochigi Prefecture as the second and Ibaragi Prefecture as the third, so Kita Kanto (Northern Kanto) produces 97% of Japan's konnyaku.

• 今川焼きの型にお好み焼きの具を入れ、卵を落として焼いた「大阪焼き」が東北地方、関東地方の縁日の屋台や店舗で販売されている。
• Osaka-yaki, which is cooked by baking okonomiyaki-type batter in imagawa-yaki molds and topping with an egg is sold in shops, stands, and stalls at fairs and festivals in the Tohoku and Kanto regions.

• 『その時歴史が動いた』（日本放送協会、2007年4月4日放送）では、「関東侵攻後、信長を打倒し京へ上洛」が有力説とされた。
• In the TV program, 'Sonotoki Rekishiga Ugoita' (The movement of History) (broadcasted on April 4, 2007 by Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)), 'Kenshin defeated Nobunaga and went up to Kyoto after invading the Kanto region' was widely-accepted.

• 永禄12年（1569年）3月、武田信玄を牽制するため関東管領である輝虎にとっては宿敵である北条氏康と同盟する（越相同盟）。
• In March 1569, in order to check against Shingen TAKEDA, Terutora concluded an alliance with Ujiyasu HOJO an old enemy of Terutora who was a Kanto Kanrei (the Etsu-So Alliance (the Echigo and Sagami alliance)).

• 日本では、関東大都市圏に次ぐ規模を誇っており、三大都市圏あるいは七大都市圏の一つとされる一方、世界6～7位の大都市圏である。
• In Japan, it boasts of a scale second only to the Kanto Metropolitan area, ranked as one of the three major metropolitan areas in the nation and also one of the seven largest, while in the world it is ranked as the 6th to 7th largest urban area.

• この上杉氏・北条氏の争いは全関東の諸豪族を二分して、北条氏康と里見義堯（上杉陣営）による国府台合戦などの戦いを惹き起こした。
• This struggle between the Uesugi clan and the Hojo clan divided gozoku the whole of Kanto into two groups causing battles such as the Battle of Konodai between Ujiyasu HOJO and Yoshitaka SATOMI (UESUGI SIDE).

• 山内上杉氏が上野を追われ上杉謙信（後の上杉謙信）を頼ったことから北条氏と長尾氏（のちに上杉氏を継ぐ）とが関東を巡って争った。
• The Yamanouchi-Uesugi clan was ousted from Kozuke and asked for help from Kagetora NAGAO (later, Kenshin UESUGI) and therefore the Hojo clan and the Nagao clan (later, inherited the Uesugi clan) struggled for Kanto.

• 日本海側中心に位置する軍港であったためか、基本的に関東弁、関西弁と違い、標準語に限りなく近い言語、発音であるのが特色である。
• The language and its pronunciation of Maizuru is very close to standard Japanese language and basically different from the Kanto-ben and Kansai-ben dialect, too, perhaps due to the fact that Maizuru was a naval base port city located in the center of the Japan Sea coast.

• 寿永・治承の内乱から奥州合戦に至るまでの恩賞給与に当たっては、関東武士らの満足が得られるものとなるよう最深の注意を傾注した。
• He paid careful attention to ensure that Kanto samurai warriors were content with the rewards they received during the period between the Jisho-Juei Civil War and the Battle of Oshu.

• 承平天慶の乱において平将門が新皇として関東八ヶ国の国司を任命した際も、常陸と上総の国司は「常陸国」「上総国」を任命している。
• After the Johei and Tengyo War, TAIRA no Masakado appointed persons to the kokushi of eight provinces in the Kanto region in the capacity of the new emperor, but he appointed 'Hitachi no suke' (assistant governor of Hitachi Province) and 'Kazusa no suke' (assistant governor of Kazusa Province) to the kokushi of Hitachi and Kazusa respectively.

• 1289年（正応2年）に一遍が亡くなった後に、いったん解散した時衆を再結成して引き連れ、北陸・関東を中心として遊行を続けた。
• He reformed the Ji Sect which had temporarily disbanded following Ippen's death in 1289, and continued his journey around the Hokuriku and Kanto regions.

• しかし、近年は関西地方でもスーパーなどで10銘柄程度の商品が普通に売られ、陳列スペースもほとんど関東と変わらなくなっている。
• However, in recent years about ten different brands of natto products are sold in supermarkets in the Kinki region, and the amount of display space has become nearly equal to that of the Kanto region.

• 例えば20世紀後半から21世紀にかけての関東近辺では、クヌギやコナラなど、落葉性のブナ科植物を中心とする森林が出現している。
• For example, in the Kanto region and surrounding areas during the latter 20th century to 21st century, there appeared forests predominated by deciduous fagaceous vegetation, such as Quercus acutissima (sawtooth oak) and Quercus serrata.

• 関東においても、京成電鉄や京浜急行電鉄、成田鉄道（現・JR成田線）など、参拝客輸送を目的として開業された鉄道会社が存在する。
• In Kanto region, too, railway companies such as Keisei Electric Railway Co., Ltd., Keihin Electric Express Railway Co., Ltd., and Narita Railway (the current JR Narita Line) were established for the purpose of transporting visitors to shrines and temples.

• 平直方は麾下の軍勢と東海、東山、北陸の三道の軍を結集して討伐に向うが、関東を押さえて士気の上がる平忠常軍を攻めきれずにいた。
• TAIRA no Naokata gathered troops from three regions of the Tokai region, Higashiyama region and Hokuriku region along with the troops under his command and went on the expedition to conquest TAIRA no Tadatsune, but Naokata was not able to subjugate the revolt easily because the troops of Tadatsune already controlled Kanto region and the morale among his soldiers was very high.

• ジョアン・ロドリゲスは著書『日本大文典』において、関東方言では/se/が[ɕe]でなく[se]と認識されている、と述べている。
• Joao Rodriguez, in his book 'Arte da Lingoa de Iapam,' stated that/se/ was realized not as [ɕe] but as [se] in the Kanto region.

• こうして幕府の許可を得た伊能は寛政12年（1800年）、私財を投じて第1次測量として蝦夷地および東北・北関東の測量を開始した。
• Granted permission, INO, at his own expense, started to survey North Kanto and Tohoku regions as well as Ezochi in his first survey in 1800.

• 関東では三本締め、プロ野球界では一丁締め（一本締めとは言わないらしい）などが流行しているが、地車では「大阪手打ち」をおこなう。
• The popular form is sanbon jime (three sets of ippon jime (three sets of three claps and one final clap performed at the end of a special event)) in Kanto and ichojime (it is not called ipponjime) in professional baseball, but in danjiri, 'Osaka teuchi' is performed.

• このようなことを根拠に、政府は関東州には憲法の効力が及ばず、天皇は帝国議会の協賛を要せず立法権を行使できるという見解を採った。
• Based on the fact, the government adopted the standpoint that the Constitution was not legally in force in the Kwantung Leased Territory and the Emperor was able to exercise the legislative power without the consent of the Imperial Diet.

• さらに持氏は関東管領の上杉憲実とも対立し、上杉氏庶流の上杉定頼・上杉憲直や直臣の一色直兼を重用するなど、独裁色を強めていった。
• Besides, Mochiuji was also confronted with Norizane UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei, and strengthened his dictatorial color including giving important positions to Sadayori UESUGI and Norinao UESUGI, branch families of the Uesugi clan, and Naokane ISSHIKI, his great vassal.

• 信州から関東にかけての官牧、御牧の管理者、京の貴族の荘園の荘官として下向した者達がそこを基盤に周辺の開発を行うケースもあった。
• The kanboku from the Shinshu to Kanto regions, managers of mimaki, and those that went to the country side as the shokan (an officer governing shoen (manor) of shoen of Kyoto aristocrats made it as their base and cultivated the surrounding area.

• 信長公記などによると、5月中旬、関東の浄土宗の霊誉玉念（れいよぎょくねん）という長老が上方へ出てきて安土の町で説法をしていた。
• According to the chronicle of Nobunaga, Nobunaga Koki, an elder Jodoshu sect monk Reiyo Gyokunen came from the Kanto region, eastern Japan, up to the Kamigata region, the Kyoto-Osaka area, during the middle of May and preached Jodoshu sect Buddhism in the town of Azuchi.

• 一方、関東地方では、六尺を一間とするため、畳の長手が五尺八寸短手が二尺九寸で、畿内地方の「京間」に対して「田舎間」と称された。
• On the other hand, in the Kanto Region, because 1.818 m was defined as 1 ken (about 1.8 m), the longer side of tatami was 1.757 m and the shorter size was 87.87 cm, which was called 'inaka-ma' (literally means 'the room of the countryside') as opposed to 'kyo-ma' (literally means 'the room of Kyoto') in the Kinai Region.

• 発掘された土器の中で多数を占めるのは地元のものだが、関東系土師器もあり、飛鳥III式と呼ばれる畿内系土師器も少数出土している。
• Most of the unearthed potteries were local ones, but some were Kanto-style Haji potteries and a small number of Kinai-style Haji potteries called Asuka type III were also found.

• 永享の乱で滅びた足利持氏の遺児・春王丸と安王丸を奉じた関東の諸将が、永享12年（1440年）結城城に拠って幕府に叛旗を翻した。
• Warlords in the Kanto region who obeyed Shunomaru and Anomaru, sons of late Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, who had perished in the Eikyo War, raised a rebellion against the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in 1440, establishing themselves in the Yuki-jo Castle.

• 雑煮に入れる餅は関東のように汁に入れる前に焼いて香ばしさを意図したものと、関西以西の生のまま汁に入れて煮るものとに細分される。
• Mochi for zoni is prepared in two ways: In the Kanto region they are baked to enjoy the smoky aroma before being placed in soup; in the Kansai region and to the west of Kansai they are put into a soup to simmer.

• 1884年に江戸（現在の東京都）の神田では煉瓦や陶器を使用した設備が造られたが、1923年の関東大震災で壊滅的な被害を受けた。
• In 1884 a facility which used bricks or earthenware was built in Kanda in Edo (currently, Tokyo prefecture), but was lost in the devastation of The Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923.

• 同年に北条氏政が上野に侵攻、これに対するため天正2年（1574年）、関東に出陣して新田金山城主の由良氏を攻撃して戦果をあげた。
• In the same year, Ujimasa HOJO invaded Kozuke Province, because of this Kenshin departed for the front in the Kanto region in 1574, and attacked the Yura clan, lord of Nitta Kaneyama-jo Castle to yield military results.

• 応永7年（1400年）3月、関東公方足利満兼は伊豆国三嶋大社に願文を奉献し、「小量をもって」幕府に二心を起こしたことを謝罪した。
• In April, 1400, the Kanto kubo Mitsukane ASHIKAGA presented a prayer-petition to the Grand Shrine at Mishima in Izu Province in which he apologized for double-crossing the shogunate 'in my narrow-mindedness.'

• 頼朝は、九州の抑えとして、関東では無名に近いが近臣として取り立てていた少弐氏、大友氏、島津氏を代官的存在として九州の守護とした。
• Yoritomo appointed the Shoni clan, the Otomo clan and the Shimazu clan, which were not known in Kato but are supported by Yoritomo as reliable vassals, to shugo for Kyushu as existence like daikan (deputy).

• これは短期（北信濃）・長期（関東）に関わらず冬期に行われており、「出稼ぎ」と「口減らし」の性格を持つものであると藤木は指摘する。
• This was carried out during the winter time regardless of whether it was short-time (northern Shinano) or long-time (Kanto) and Fujiki pointed out that this has the nature of 'work away from home' and 'reducing the mouths to feed.'

• しかし、直後の3月、平氏政権は再び東海道へ追討軍を派遣し、尾張墨俣川で関東政権軍と会戦して平氏軍が勝利を収めた（墨俣川の戦い）。
• However, three months after Kiyomori's death, the Taira clan government again sent a force along the Tokai-do Road to battle with the Kanto government forces and the Taira clan troops won a battle at Sunomata-gawa River in Owari Province (the Battle of Sunomata River).

• たとえば、勘平が刃を腹につきたてるのは、関東では「うちはたしたは舅どの」の科白で同志が「なな何と」と叫ぶのをきっかけに行われる。
• In Kanto, for example, Kanpei thrusts a sword into his belly when he says, 'I killed my father-in-law,' and his comrades shout, 'Oh, no, can that be true?'

• 1416年に鎌倉府で関東管領の上杉禅秀が鎌倉公方の足利持氏に反旗を翻す（上杉禅秀の乱）と、武田信満は女婿にあたる禅秀に味方した。
• In 1416 when Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) Zenshu UESUGI rebelled against Kamakura Kubo (quasi-shogun of Kanto region) Mochiuji ASHIKAGA (War of Zenshu UESUGI) at Kamakurafu (Kamakura Government), Nobumitsu TAKEDA sided with his son-in-law Zenshu.

• 始め関東の道忠（どうちゅう）の下で出家し法鏡行者と称したが、798年（延暦17年）比叡山に上って最澄に師事し、円澄と名を改めた。
• It was under Dochu of the Kanto region that he first entered the Buddhist priesthood and took the name Hokyo but went on to study under Saicho of Mt. Hiei in the year 798 and change his name to Encho.

• 1601年（慶長6年）京都知恩院の住持となり、1603年（慶長8年）江戸に新知恩寺（のちの関東十八檀林の一つ幡随院）を開創した。
• He became the chief priest of Chionin Temple in Kyoto in 1601 and founded Shinchion-ji Temple in Edo in 1603, which later became Banzui-in Temple, one of the Kanto juhachi danrin (eighteen temples for studying the Jodo Sect determined by the Edo government).

• 一方、鎮西派を開いた弁長の弟子であった良忠も鎌倉の悟真寺（現在の光明寺_(鎌倉市)）を中心とした関東各地に勢力を伸ばしていった。
• Moreover, Ryochu, who was a disciple of Bencho, founder of Chinzei-ha, had established his influence in Kanto area based on Goshin-ji Temple (present Komyo-ji Temple in Kamakura city).

• 2002年4月25日放送『めざましテレビ』内「めざまし調査隊」コーナーでは、関東風・関西風つゆの境界線は関ヶ原近傍となっていた。
• According to an hour 'Mezamashi chosatai' in a TV program 'Mezamashi terebi' broadcast April 25, 2002, the boundary between the Kanto type soup broth and the Kansai type soup broth was reportedly in the vicinity of Sekigahara.

• 大正12年（1923年）の関東大震災により壊滅状態に陥った東京から寿司職人が離散し、江戸前寿しが日本全国に広まったとも言われる。
• It is said that as a result of dispersal of sushi chefs from Tokyo devastated by the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, Edomae-zushi spread all over Japan.

• ゆえにグレゴリオ暦（新暦）になった現在でも関東は松の内1月7日後の1月11日、他の地方では1月20日（二十日正月）に行なわれる。
• For this reason, although the Gregorian calendar (the solar calendar) is now in use, the event is still held on January 11 after Matsunouchi ends on January 7 in the Kanto region, while in other regions it is held on January 20 (the end of the Lunar New Year).

• 兄に源経国（河内源太経国）がいるが、経国が関東に下ったのに対し、源義高は都に住し、平家が勢力を強めるに従って順調な官途を進んだ。
• While his elder brother MINAMOTO no Tsunekuni (Genta KAWACHI Tsunekuni) went down to Kanto, MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka lived in Kyoto was promoted steadily in government service as the Taira family increased its power.

• 弟忠兵衛は明治5年１月に大阪本町二丁目に呉服、太物店をはじめ「紅忠」（べんちゅう）と称し、麻布類、尾濃織物、関東織物を取り扱う。
• In February 1872, Chubei also opened a drapery shop of silk, cotton and linen 'Benchu' at 2 chome, Honcho, Osaka, and dealt with linen, Bino textile and Kanto textile.

• 関東と関西で多少の演出の違いがあり、工藤が兄弟の父の最期の様を語る件で背面の襖を開けて富士山の遠見を見せるのが関西のやり方である。
• There is a slight difference of staging between the Kanto and Kansai regions; in Kansai, Mount Fuji is seen in the distance between the fusuma sliding doors in the scene where Kudo talks about the last hour of the brothers' father.

• しかし、関東の後背に独自の政権があることを源頼朝は恐れたため、源頼朝は同年7月、義経を長らくかくまっていた事を罪として奥州に出兵。
• However, being afraid that independent political power existed to the north of the Kanto region, in August that year, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo dispatched his troops to the Oshu region, officially accusing the clan of having sheltered Yoshitsune for a long time.

• そして同族である古河公方家や後北条氏と対立し、小弓公方家による南関東諸大名の統合を名分として急速に勢力を拡大してゆくこととなった。
• He conflicted with the Koga-kubo family of his same blood and the Gohojo clan, and rapidly extended his power on the pretext of integrating the feudal lords in the southern Kanto region by the Oyumi-kubo family.

• 外務省条約局編『外地法制誌』（1955～1971年）は台湾・朝鮮・樺太・南洋諸島・関東州・南満州鉄道付属地を外地として扱っていた。
• In 'Gaichi legal system journal' (1955-1971) edited by the Treaties Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taiwan, Korea, Sakhalin, the South Sea islands, the Kwangtung Leased Territory and the land appurtenant to South Manchuria Railways were treated as Gaichi.

• こうした状況下で、関東を中心に武士団が形成されていったが、武士団では主人がトップに立ち、家子・郎党と呼ばれる従者たちを率いていた。
• Under such situations, samurai groups formed being centered in the Kanto region, and in such a group, the master took top position and led his servants called Ienoko or roto.

• 第一項第二十三号及び第二十四号に掲げる者（非居住者に限る。）並びに同項第二十五号及び第二十六号に掲げる者に係る届出者　関東財務局長
• the Notifier for a person as listed in any of items (xxiii) and (xxiv) of paragraph (1) (limited to Non-residents), and the Notifier for any of the persons as listed in items (xxv) and (xxvi) of that paragraph:　the Director-General of the Kanto Finance Bureau.

• 関東では濃口醤油を加熱しながらみりんや砂糖を加えてつくるかえしと呼ばれる下地を用いる（加熱しない「生がえし」を用いる場合もある）。
• In the Kanto region, a basic sauce called 'Kaeshi' is inevitably used for soup broth, made by heating up dark-colored soy sauce while applying Mirin (sweet cooking rice wine) and sugar (some restaurants use 'Nama-Kaeshi' [literally, raw Kaeshi], unheated basic sauce).

• 関東地風ひなあられの基本的な製法は、もち米の乾飯（炊くか蒸した後に十分乾燥させたもの）を炒ったものに砂糖がけして甘味をつけている。
• The Kanto region style hina arare is made by roasting glutinous rice hoshiii (glutinous rice that have been fully dried after being cooked or steamed) and sweetening it with sugar.

• ところが、文安3年（1446年）に清方は急死（自殺とも）し、憲実は隠遁生活からの復帰を承諾しなかったために関東管領は空位となった。
• However, Kiyokata died suddenly in 1446 (some said that he committed suicide), and as Norizane refused to return from his cloistered life, nobody succeeded to the position of Kanto Kanrei.

• 現存する算額は関東地方や東北地方が多く、もっとも多いのが福島県の103面、次いで岩手県93面、埼玉県91面、群馬県などとなっている。
• Tohoku and Kanto regions have many of the existing sangaku and the prefecture that has the largest number of sangaku is Fukushima Prefecture with 103 sets, followed by Iwate Prefecture with 93 sets, Saitama Prefecture with 91 sets and Gunma Prefecture.

• 雪村は後に出家して画僧となり、関東地方と会津地方で80歳代まで制作を続けたが、その作品には武家の出身らしい気迫のこもったものが多い。
• Later, Sesson became an artist-monk and continued to produce paintings until the 80's in the Kanto and Aizu Regions, many of which were full of spirit from Samurai origin.

• 応永23年（1416年）に鎌倉府において義嗣の妾の父である前関東管領の上杉禅秀が鎌倉公方の足利持氏を襲撃する上杉禅秀の乱が起こった。
• In 1416, Yoshitsugu's mistress's father, Zenshu UESUGI, the former Kanto Kanrei (Shogun's deputy), attacked Kamakura kubo (court noble) Mochiuji ASHIKAGA during the Zenshu Uesugi war.

• 後に子孫の足利尊氏が京の六波羅探題を落としたときに関東から鎌倉幕府勢が海道を上洛するのを足利家が三河国で阻止できたのもこの為である。
• For this reason, later, when his descendant Takauji ASHIKAGA conquered Rokuhara Tandai in Kyoto (the office of shogunal deputy in Kyoto placed by the Kamakura shogunate), the Ashikaga family could prevent the warriors of the Kamakura bakufu from going to the capital Kyoto along Tokai-do Road, in Mikawa Province.

• 越後の守護で関東管領でもあった上杉謙信の助力により足利義氏を追放し古河御所に入ることができ一時期古河公方となった（歴代には数えず）。
• With assistance of Kenshin UESUGI who was Shugo (provincial constable) of Echigo and Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), he was able to expel Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA, which enabled him to enter Koga Imperial Palace and become Kogakubo for a period of time (he was not included among the successive kubos).

• その後、豊臣政権から江戸幕府成立の過程において、佐竹氏や里見氏などの旧来の勢力は転封あるいは改易によって関東の地から姿を消す事になる。
• Later, in the process from the Toyotomi government until the formation of the Edo bakufu, old powers such as the Satake clan and Satomi clan, disappeared from Kanto by relocation or being deprived of their territory.

• 信保自身は義明を傀儡として実権を掌握すると共に、義明が足利氏の一族であるという大義名分のもとに勢力を関東一帯に拡大していったのである。
• Installing Yoshiaki as just a figurehead, Nobuyasu himself held the real power and extended his own influence over the whole of the Kanto region under the pretext that Yoshiaki belonged to the Ashikaga family.

• 天正18年（1590年）に徳川家康が関東に移封されたため、豊臣秀勝が甲斐に入部することになると、様々なな武将が短期間で入れ替わりした。
• In 1590, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was transferred to a new domain in the Kanto Region, and Hidekatsu TOYOTOMI took over Kai, whereupon various other warlords came and went in a short period of time.

• ただし、それに当てはまらない場合もあり、たとえば関東地方における2000年から2003年における、4年連続の大飛散のようなこともある。
• But there are also situations in which this is not the case such as the continued four year high pollen levels in the Kanto region from 2000 to 2003.

• 作中の文明15年（1483年）冬、関東管領（扇谷定正・山内顕定）・滸我公方（足利成氏）・三浦義同・千葉自胤の連合軍と里見家による戦争。
• This is a battle of the allied forces of Kanto Kanrei (Sadamasa OGIGAYATSU and Akisada YAMANOUCHI), Koga kubo (Nariuji ASHIKAGA), Yoshiatsu MIURA and Yoritane CHIBA versus the Satomi family which broke out in the winter of 1483 (in the novel).

• 家庭で、割り下を作る（関東風）、砂糖をかける（関西風）などの手間を面倒臭がって、あるいは、時間が掛かるという理由から省いた結果である。
• This is due to skipping the preparation of warishita stock (in Kanto-style) or the layer of sugar (in Kansai-style) because it would be too troublesome or time-consuming.

• 『吉記』には文治元年（1185年）12月8日の項に、「同日、小松内府息忠房招引関東事」とあり、16日に「忠房被切首事」との記述がある。
• The January 7, 1186 entry in Kikki (a diary of Tsunefusa YOSHIDA) reads 'On this day, Tadafusa, the son of Komatsu-naifu (the title of his father) was summoned to the Kanto region' and on the entry for the 16th state that 'Tadafusa was beheaded.'

• 建武 (日本)2年（1335年）の中先代の乱後、関東で自立した足利尊氏を討つべく東国に向かう新田義貞が率いる軍に佐々木道誉と参陣する。
• He joined with Doyo SASAKI 's army which marched towards the eastern countries to subjugate Takauji ASHIKAGA, who had become independent in the Kanto region after the Nakasendai no Ran (Nakasendai War) in 1335.

• 明治元年（1868年）の戊辰戦争では、大軍監として北関東・会津戦線で活躍し、明治3年（1870年）、藩少参事として藩政改革に尽力した。
• In the Boshin War in 1868, he was active on the North Kanto and Aizu fronts as daigunkan (senior commander), and in 1870, he committed to the reformation of domain duties as Han shosanji (second to a governor).

• 憲実の主君の関東公方足利持氏は自らが将軍後継の候補に選ばれなかった事に不満を持ち、兵を率いて上洛しようとするが、憲実はこれを諫止する。
• Norizane's lord, Kanto-Kubo Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, was dissatisfied that he wasn't elected as a potential successor of shogun and attempted to go up to Kyoto at the head of an army, however Norizane dissuaded this.

• 三河一向一揆に生き残った一族の渡辺守綱は、一揆鎮圧後も許されて家康に仕え、1590年、関東入国に際して武蔵国比企郡に3千石を与えられた。
• Moritsuna WATANABE, a survivor of the Mikawa Ikko Ikki, who received a pardon from a Ieyasu after the suppression of the uprising and served him, was given the territory of 3,000 koku crop yields in Hiki County, Musashi Province when he entered the Kanto region in 1590.

• また、下総国匝瑳郡に本拠を持つ物部匝瑳連の祖先伝承に、物部布都久留 の子で物部木蓮子の弟の物部小事が関東地方に進出したというものがある。
• In a tradition handed down from the ancestors of Mononobe no Sosa Muraji based in Sosa County, Shimousa Province, there is also a record that MONONOBE no Ogoto, who was a child of MONONOBE no Futsukuru and a younger brother of MONONOBE no Itabi, entered into the Kanto region.

• この風習は1980年代後半までは関東地方（東京）などを中心見られたが、1990年代には縮小していき大多数が白一色の素麺になってしまった。
• This custom was common around Kanto area (Tokyo) until the late 1980's, but it became less popular in the 1990's and now a majority of somen is white only.

• 『愚管抄』には「関東ガ鎌倉ノタチヘクダリテ、又カヘリ上リナドシテ後、アシキ心出キニケリ」とあり、義経はしだいに鎌倉の統制から外れていく。
• According to 'Gukansho,' 'After Yoshitsune visited Kamakura in Kanto region and returned to Kyoto, an evil intention came out,' and Yoshitsune gradually deviated from regulation by Kamakura.

• 関東の細草壇林への入壇を図るも文人仲間の村上勘兵衛と村田麦郎に諭され、入壇を取り止めて雙林寺 (京都市)西行庵に赴いて布教と修行に励む。
• Then he tried to enter Hosokusa Danrin (Hosokusa Academy of Buddhism) in Kanto region, but Kanbe MURAKAMI and Bakuro MURATA, both his associate scholars, persuaded him out of entering the academy, so he went to Saigyoan (Saigyo hermitage) of Sorin-ji Temple (in Kyoto City) and devoted himself to missionary work and ascetic training.

• 土岐氏は美濃国のみならず常陸国、上総国など関東に点在した他、美濃国内には明智氏、土井氏、金森氏、蜂屋氏、肥田氏など多くの庶流が輩出された。
• The families of the Toki clan were not only in Mino Province but also scattered around the Kanto region such as Hitachi and Kazusa Provinces, and many branch families such as Akechi, Doi, Kanamori, Hachiya, and Hida clans were generated from the Toki clan in Mino Province.

• 当時は城や柵（城柵官衙と呼ばれる施設）が作られ、その周囲に柵戸（きのへ）と呼ばれる民が関東や北陸地方から移民させられて耕作に当たっていた。
• At that time, castles and josakukanga (a castle-like facility used as governmental office) were constructed and people called Kinohe, forced to immigrate from Kanto and Hokuriku regions, lived around such castles and josakukanga, and were engaged in farming.

• 法令中では外地の定義・範囲は明かではないが、外地官署とはすなわち台湾総督府、朝鮮総督府、関東局、樺太庁、南洋庁を指すものとして運用された。
• Although the definition and scope of the term Gaichi were not clarified, the law were put into effect assuming Gaichi offices indicated Chosen Sotoku-fu, Taiwan Sotoku-fu, Kwantung Agency, and Nanyo-cho.

• このような住居は関東・中部地方以北では平安時代まで続くが、東海地方では一部残しつつも、近畿においては飛鳥時代から掘立柱建物に移行していく。
• This type of dwelling continued to be used until the Heian period in Japan north of Kanto and Chubu regions, but was gradually replaced by 'hottate-bashira' type structures that were elevated above ground by posts in Kinki region starting in Asuka period, except in the Tokai region where the older type remained in parts.

• 4代将軍足利義持時代の1416年（応永23年）には前関東管領の上杉禅秀（禅秀）が4代鎌倉公方足利持氏に反して挙兵する上杉禅秀の乱が起きた。
• In 1416 during the days of the fourth Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, the War of Zenshu UESUGI occurred, where the former Kanto Kanrei Zenshu Uesugi (Zenshu) raised an army against Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, the fourth Kamakura Kubo.

• だが、最後の関東申次であった西園寺公宗は建武政権によって処刑されて、後醍醐天皇の家門安堵を受けて親南朝派の弟西園寺公重が西園寺家を継いだ。
• But Kinmochi SAIONJI, who was the last Kanto moshitsugi, was executed by the government of the Kenmu Restoration, and on kamon ando (providing authorization for family lineage) by Emperor Godaigo, the Saionji family was succeeded by Kinshige SAIONJI, who was on the Southern Court side and the younger brother of Kinmochi.

• 地方宗務（47都道府県を以下の9教区関東地方・東海地方・近畿地方・淡路島・徳島県・四国第一・中国地方・福岡県・九州第一に分けて宗務を行う）
• Regional Administration (administration over the 47 prefectures of Japan is conducted by dividing the country into the following nine parishes: Kanto region, Tokai region, Kinki region, Awaji Island, Tokushima Prefecture, Shikoku 1st, Chugoku region, Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu 1st)

• 店側としては食材を用意するだけで良く省力化ともなるので、チェーン店などでこの方法をとる店も多く、関東一円でもこの形式の店は顕著に見られる。
• Many chain stores operate this way because it is economical to just prepare the foodstuff and around the Kanto region there are lots of shops of this type.

• このころに関東に嫁いだ上方の若い女性が、婚家の江戸風な和服の地味さに今でいうカルチャーショックを受けたというエピソードも多くあったという。
• During this period, there were quite a few cases of what is now called culture shock, when brides from the Kamigata region married into families living in the Kanto region and had to adjust to the plain, subdued Edo-style Japanese clothing favored by their new family.

• 一般に関東では「上一文字」の丈が「下一文字」の丈の2倍、「天」の丈が「地」の丈の2倍といったように、上部と下部の比率が2対1になっている。
• Generally, in Kanto area, the ratio of the top section and the bottom is two to one: 'kami ichimonnji' (horizontally long strip of cloth put on the top of the surface) is twice the length of 'shimo ichimonnji' (horizontally long strip of cloth put on the bottom of the surface) and 'ten' (heaven, the top section) is twice the length of 'chi' (earth, the bottom section).

• 次男の上杉重房は丹波国何鹿郡上杉庄（京都府綾部市上杉町周辺）を領して上杉重房となり、征夷大将軍の宗尊親王と共に関東の鎌倉へ下ることになる。
• Shigefusa UESUGI, his second son, became Shigefusa UESUGI after seizing Uesugi no sho, Ikaruga County, Tanba Province (now, Uesugi-cho area, Ayabe City, Kyoto Prefecture) and went to Kamakura in the Kanto region with Imperial Prince Munetaka, seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians').

• 長兄の義朝が無官のまま東国（関東）に下った後、重要な官職に補任されており、この時点では河内源氏の嫡流を継承すべき立場にあったと考えられる。
• After his eldest brother Yoshitomo went to Togoku (the Kanto region) with no government post, Yoshikata was assigned to an important government job and it is considered that Yoshikata was in the position to succeed the main line of the Kawachi-genji family.

• 過去に、先に梅雨入りした中国地方より後に梅雨入りした北陸地方が先に梅雨明けしたり、関東地方の梅雨明けが西日本より大幅に遅れたりした例がある。
• In the past, there were cases in which tsuyuake occurred in the Hokuriku region earlier than in the Chugoku region in which tsuyuiri occurred earlier and tsuyuake in the Kanto region was delayed largely compared to western Japan.

• 太田資長は文明 (日本)10年（1478年）に剃髪し道灌と号し、文明18年（1486年）に謀殺されるまで江戸城を中心に南関東一円で活躍した。
• Even after entering into priesthood in 1478 by shaving his head and calling himself Dokan, Sukenaga OTA ruled over the southern Kanto region from his base of power in the southern Kanto region until his assasination in 1486.

• 東海地方を含む西日本では「天かす」と呼ぶ人が全国平均より多く、関東、甲信越、北海道では「揚げ玉」という人が平均より多いという結果が出ている。
• In western Japan, including the Tokai region, the result showed that the number of people who called it 'tenkasu' exceeded the national average, while in the Kanoto, Koshinetsu, and Hokkaido region, the number of people who called it 'age-dama' are higher than the national average.

• 「煮たすき焼き」をすき焼きと思い込まされた人が上記のすき焼き（関東風、関西風を問わず）を見た時、別の料理であると認識してしまうケースもある。
• It sometimes happens that a person taught that this 'boiled sukiyaki' is sukiyaki would identify the above mentioned original sukiyaki as a different dish altogether, regardless of it being Kanto-style or Kansai-style.

• 応永23年（1416年）の上杉禅秀の乱では、由比ヶ浜で上杉禅秀の軍を破って主君である関東管領上杉憲基と鎌倉公方足利持氏を鎌倉へと復帰させた。
• During the War of Zenshu UESUGI in 1416, Kagenaka beat a troop of Zenshu UESUGI at Yuigahama, and thanks to his victory, Norimoto UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei and Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura Kubo (Shogun's deputy for Kamakura) managed to return to Kamakura.

• 糟谷館に着いた景仲は、持朝ら上杉一族の要人と協議して京都にいる憲忠の弟・上杉房顕を次の関東管領に迎え入れるとともに成氏を討伐する事を決めた。
• After arriving at the Kasuya-no-yakata castle, Kagenaka consulted with the key persons of UESUGI clan including Mochitomo, and decided to call back Noritada's younger brother, Fusaaki UESUGI, who was living in Kyoto as a new Kanto Kanrei and to defeat Shigeuji.

• また、オホーツク海高気圧が5月前半に出現した場合に、北東気流の影響を受け易くなるため、関東以北の太平洋側で低温と曇雨天が長続きすることがある。
• If Okhotsk anticyclon appears in the first half of May, as it tends to be influenced by northeast airstream, on the Pacific side from the Kanto region to the north, low temperature and cloudy or rainy weather continues for a long period of time.

• このことから、関東申次西園寺実兼と執権北条時宗との折衝により、後深草の皇子熈仁親王（伏見天皇）が同年中に亀山の猶子となり親王宣下、立太子した。
• Accordingly, as a result of negotiations between Sanekane SAIONJI, Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu) and the regent Tokimune HOJO, Imperial Prince Hirohito (Emperor Fushimi), the son of Gofukakusa, became an adopted child of Kameyama in 1275, and was given the title of Imperial Prince and formally installed as the Imperial Prince.

• NHKが中継した「即位の礼・正殿の儀」（12時20分から1時間40分放送）は、平均視聴率31.9%（ビデオリサーチ・関東地区調べ）を記録した。
• 'The Sokui no rei and the Enthronement Ceremony' (1 hour and 40 minutes air time from 12:20), which broadcasted on NHK, had an average audience rating of 31.9 percent (in Kanto region according to Video Research).

• 嘉吉元年（1441年）4月、持氏の遺児の春王と安王を擁して関東で挙兵し、1年以上にわたって籠城していた結城氏朝の結城城が陥落（結城合戦）した。
• In April, 1441, Yuki-jo Castle fell (Yuki War), where Ujitomo YUKI who helped An'omaru and Shun'omaru brothers, the bereaved children of Mochiuji, and raised the army in Kanto and held up in the castle more than a year.

• 天文16年（1547年）には佐久に影響力を残していた関東管領上杉憲政を小田井原で大敗させ、笠原氏の志賀城（佐久市）を落として村上氏と対峙する。
• In 1547, routing Norimasa UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (the shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), who maintained his influence in the region to some extent, in Otaihara and taking Shiga-jo Castle of the Kasahara clan (located in Saku City), the Takeda clan became to confront the Murakami clan.

• また房能の兄で関東管領上杉顕定が為景を一旦は放逐するが、永正7年（1510年）の長森原の戦いに為景方の援軍として出陣して顕定を敗死させている。
• Akisada UESUGI of Kanto kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), a brother of Fusayoshi, ejected Tamekage, but went to fight in the Battle of Nagamorihara in 1510 for the Tamekage side, whereupon he died.

• 徳山文右衛門から明治初期に免許を受けた浦上直置（なおおき）が創始した、「三分の二」とよばれる動作をとる浦上一派が現在関東を中心に活動している。
• The Urakami group, founded by Naoki URAKAMI who received his masters during the early Meiji period from Bunemon TOKUYAMA, adopted a move called 'Sambun-no-ni' (the string two-thirds drawn), and now, it bases its activities around Kanto area.

• その後、下総国野田（現在の千葉県野田市）と銚子（現在の千葉県銚子市）で造られる関東醤油（濃口醤油）の普及にあわせて醤油を使った蒲焼も登場した。
• Later, as Kanto-style dark soy sauce produced in Noda (present-day Noda City, Chiba Prefecture) and Choshi (present-day Choshi City, Chiba Prefecture) in Shimosa Province became widely available, kabayaki made with soy sauce began to appear.

• 3か月間フル稼働で毎週2-3本のプログラムを供給していたが、同年9月1日に起きた関東大震災で浅草を中心に興行ラインが壊滅、作品がストップした。
• Although the company fully operated to supply two or three films per week for three months after the reorganization, the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred on September 1 of the same year totally destroyed the business lines, particularly Asakusa, resulting in halting of the film production and distribution.

• 食味的には小豆の方が上であるが小豆は胴割れ（皮が破れること）しやすく切腹を連想させて縁起が悪いとされ、特に関東地方でささげを用いることが多い。
• Although red adzuki beans are better for eating than black-eyed peas, the former could be regarded as inauspicious since it might easily crack in body (or peel), which would remind one of seppuku (suicide by disembowelment), so that black-eyed peas may be used instead of adzuki beans, especially in the Kanto region.

• これに対して清盛は頼朝らの勢力拡大を防ぐため、嫡孫の平維盛を総大将とした大軍を関東に派遣したが、富士川の戦いでは交戦をせずに撤退してしまった。
• In response to this, Kiyomori dispatched a large army to Kanto with his legitimate grandchild TAIRA no Koremori as the commander-in-chief to stop expansion of Yoritomo's power, but the army retreated without fighting in the Battle of Fuji-gawa River.

• また関東で常陸から勢力を広げる叔父義光と合戦に及ぶなど、義光との仲は険悪であった（義忠と義国は連合して叔父義光に対抗していたとする説もある）。
• Also, the relationship between Yoshikuni and his uncle, Yoshimitsu, who was expanding his sphere of influence in Hitachi Province in Kanto, was so bad that they fought against each other (some believe that Yoshitada and Yoshikuni had an alliance against their uncle, Yoshimitsu).

• 徳川時代に入ると、文化の東漸にともない次第に関東へも洗練された先進的な上方文化が移入され、化成期になって漸く江戸特有の文化が開花を見るに至った。
• Since the Edo period began, with spreading culture eastward, refined and developed Kamigata Bunka was also brought to Kanto gradually, and finally in the Kasei era the own culture of Edo flowered.

• どちらかといえば鉄火という性格をあらわす文化は、江戸前寿司としての「鮪の漬け」もそうであるが、関東の特に江戸の下町文化で培われたものともいえる。
• As with 'maguro no zuke' (tuna soaked in soy sauce) in Edo-style sushi, the custom of using the term tekka to describe quick-tempered character can be considered to have developed especially in the shitamachi (traditional working-class neighborhood) culture of Edo in the Kanto region.

• 1435年（永享7年）に持氏は軍事行動をはじめ、1419年（応永26）に関東管領に就任した上杉憲実は持氏を制止するが、持氏と険悪な関係となった。
• When Mochiuji began his military action in 1435, Norizane UESUGI who had assumed Kanto Kanrei in 1419 stopped Mochiuji, and his relationship with Mochiuji became tense.

• 朝廷の武官は左右近衛、兵衛、衛門の近衛兵六衛府を代表とするが、馬寮も武官の一部を構成し、信濃、関東に多くあった「牧」はその馬寮とつながっていた。
• The military officers of the imperial court were represented by Konoehei Rokuefu (Six Imperial Guards) Sayu Konoefu (the left and right divisions of the Inner Palace Guards), Hyoe (palace guard), emon (Outer Palace Guards), and Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses) formed part of being a military officer, and many 'maki' connected to meryo that existed in the Shinano and Kanto regions.

• また、畿内から遠い東北・関東・九州では、惣村よりも広い範囲（荘園・公領単位）で、ゆるやかな村落結合が形成されたが、これを郷村（ごうそん）という。
• In the Tohoku, Kanto and Kyushu regions far from the Kinai region, moderately unified villages were formed within a range larger than that of a soson (as a unit of manor or public land), and such villages were called goson (autonomous villages).

• なお、関東大震災や大正天皇崩御（12月25日）の年は、その年（翌年配達分）の特別取扱が中止された（明治天皇・昭和天皇崩御の年は実施されている）。
• In the years of the Great Kanto Earthquake and the death of Emperor Taisho (December 25), the special handling for the year (to be delivered in the following year) was canceled (it was carried out in the years of the deaths of Emperor Meiji and Emperor Showa).

• 特に承久の変での経緯から鎌倉幕府からは好意的に見られ、関東申次であった道家の下で実際の幕府との交渉を行っていたのは全て定高であったとされている。
• He was favored by the Kamakura bakufu especially because of his stance he had taken during the Jokyu War, and it is believed that actual negotiations with the bakufu was exclusively handled by Sadataka working under the Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu), Michiie.

• しかし、時代の後半に入ると大戦後の恐慌や関東大震災もあり、経済の激しい浮き沈みや新時代への急激な変化に対応できないストレスも底辺に潜在化してくる。
• However, in the latter half of this period, to make matters worse, the depression after World War I and the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred, and the stress from the inability to cope with the extreme ups and downs in the economy or the sudden change of a new era was accumulated at the bottom of the society.

• 代わって江戸の地には、関東管領上杉氏の一族扇谷上杉家の有力な武将であり家老であった太田資長（のちの太田道灌）が入り、江戸氏の居館跡に江戸城を築く。
• Sukenaga OTA (later, Dokan OTA), a powerful military commander and chief retainer of the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi clan (a branch family of the Uesugi clan, Kanto Kanrei [shogunal deputy for the Kanto region]) entered Edo and built the Edo Castle over the site of the former residence of the Edo clan.

• これは勝元による西軍諸大名（大内氏・土岐氏など）に対する後方撹乱策が主な原因であり、その範囲は奥羽・関東・越後・甲斐を除くほぼ全国に広がっていった。
• The expansion was mainly a consequence of tactics of Katsumoto to Western camp daimyos (including the Ouchi and Toki families) to harass the rear, and the expansion included substantially the whole country except the provinces of Ou, Kanto, Echigo, and Kai.

• また上杉氏は上杉謙信亡き後、養子縁組・上杉景勝の代であり、かつて関東・越後国から猛攻をかけ武田信玄を苦しめた強力な軍団は御館の乱で勢いを弱めていた。
• With respect to the Uesugi clan, after Kenshin UESUGI's death, his adopted son, Kagekatsu UESUGI became the family head and the strong troops that harassed Shingen TAKEDA by fiercely attacking the Kanto Region and Echigo Province had been weakened by the Otate no Ran (Otate disturbance).

• 四代目の太政大臣西園寺公経（1171年 - 1244年）に至って、親幕派として承久の乱後権勢を誇り、摂関家から外戚の地位と関東申次の世襲職を奪った。
• The fourth generation, that of Grand Minister of State Kintsune SAIONJI (1171 to 1244), held the reins of power as a pro-shogunate group after the Jokyu-no-ran War, thereby seizing the position of maternal relative and the hereditary job position of Kanto Moshitsugi from the Sekkan Family.

• 一般的な用法としては、朝鮮・台湾・樺太・関東州・南洋群島のほか、南満州鉄道付属地や満洲国、および太平洋戦争中の占領地を含めて外地と呼ぶことがあった。
• In general usage, the land appurtenant to South Manchuria Railways, Manchuria, and the lands occupied by Japanese during the Pacific War were included in Gaichi as well as Korea, Taiwan, the Kwantung Leased Territory, and the South Sea Islands.

• 戦国時代 (日本)になると小国頼久は上杉謙信に仕え、第一次川中島の戦いでの後詰、越中国攻めでの遊軍、佐渡国征伐や関東遠征へも参加など、戦功をあげた。
• In the Sengoku period, Yorihisa OGUNI, who served Kenshin UESUGI, distinguished himself in a follow-up strike in the first battle of Kawanakajima, as reserve corps in the Ecchu attack and in punitive expeditions to Sado and Kanto.

• 徳川時代中期以降になると、文化の東漸にともない次第に関東へも洗練された先進的な上方文化が下り、化政期になって漸く江戸特有の文化が開花を見るに至った。
• Since the middle of the Tokugawa period, refined and advanced Kamigata culture spread gradually east and culture specific to Edo flowered in the Kasei era

• また一方で、作者の縁者であり関東管領上杉氏と対立して永享の乱の後に殺された持氏側近一色直兼・上杉憲直らのことは「誠に志の深き者なり」などと称揚する。
• On the other hand, it praises the Mochiuji-side advisors, Naokane ISSHIKI and Norinao UESUGI, who were related with the author and opposed the Kanto kanrei Uesugi clan, as 'very committed people.'

• 平安時代前期から後期に移行すると、各地に多くの磨崖仏が盛んに造立されるようになり、分布は九州地方、近畿地方、関東地方、北陸地方、東北地方に広がった。
• From the early part to the latter part of the Heian period, many Magaibutsu had been actively produced in various places, ranging from Kyusyu, Kinki, Kanto, Hokuriku districts to Tohoku district.

• 関東地方でも東京都多摩地区、即ち武蔵野（小平市、東村山市など）、埼玉県西部及び北部、群馬県などでは、そばよりもうどんを中心としている店が珍しくない。
• However, even in the Kanto region, there are some exceptional areas including the Tama area of Tokyo, namely Musashino area (Kodaira City, Higashimurayama City, etc.), the western and northern parts of Saitama Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture, where not a few shops put emphasis on Udon noodles rather than Soba.

• 『吉見系図』によると、京の二条天皇に女房として仕えており、惟宗広言と密かに通じて島津忠久を生み、離縁したのち関東へ下って安達盛長に嫁いだとしている。
• According to 'the family tree of the Yoshimi clan,' when she served the Emperor Nijo in Kyoto as nyobo (a court lady), she formed a liaison with KOREMUNE no Hirokoto and gave birth to Tadahisa SHIMAZU, then went to the Kanto region after getting divorced and married Morinaga ADACHI.

• 政虎は上野・武蔵・常陸・下野・下総などで転戦したが、関東における領土は主に東上野にとどまった（但し謙信没時、上野・下野・常陸の豪族の一部は上杉方）。
• Although Masatora moved from place to place to fight in the provinces of Kozuke, Musashi, Hitachi, Shimotsuke and Shimousa, his territories in the Kanto region remained mainly in the eastern part of Kozuke Province (however, some powerful families in the provinces of Kozuke, Shimotsuke and Hitachi took the side of Uesugi clan when Kenshin died).

• 最終的には、反乱勢力同士の対立がありつつも平氏政権の崩壊により源頼朝を中心とした主に坂東平氏から構成される関東政権（鎌倉幕府）の樹立という結果に至る。
• In the end, although there were divisions among the rebel forces, the destruction of the Taira clan government led to the establishment of the Kanto government (Kamakura bakufu) which mainly consisted of the Bando-Taira clan led by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.

• 昭訓門院の実兄で関東申次であった西園寺公衡は直ちに鎌倉幕府にこの旨を伝え、もう一人の妹である西園寺しょう子の夫である持明院統の伏見天皇の協力を求めた。
• Shokunmonin's real older brother, and Kanto Moshitsugi (the position at the Imperial palace, in charge of communicating to Samurai forces during the Kamakura period), Kinhira SAIONJI immediately passed this information to the Kamakura bakufu, and asked for the support of Emperor Fushimi of the Jimyoin Imperial line, who was the husband to another younger sister, Shoshi SAIONJI.

• また、名主は、畿内周辺では農業経営に携わる有力百姓としての性格が強かったが、その他の地域では豪族的な者もおり、特に関東では武士の郎党的な者も多かった。
• In Kinai (areas around Kyoto and Osaka), myoshu were mostly influential farmers who were themselves engaged in farming, but in other areas, especially in Kanto regions (region including Tokyo), retainers of warrior class were often included among myoshu.

• 他に比べて「色白」「鼻高」「福福しい」という特徴があり、川崎大師や柴又帝釈天など関東一円をはじめ、全国に広く出荷され「越谷だるま」の名で知られている。
• Compared with other daruma dolls, they have facial features, 'fair complexion,' 'high nasal height,' and 'auspicious expression,' and are shipped all around the nation, especially throughout the Kanto region including Kawasaki-daishi Temple, and Taishakuten Temple, known by the name of 'Koshigaya Daruma.'

• また2004年度は関東地域限定であったが、2005年度からは全国で家庭での写真用の年賀状に対応できるように光沢紙の年賀葉書が売り出されるようになった。
• Despite being limited to the Kanto area in 2004, the New Year's lottery postcards made of photographic paper were released nationwide in 2005 so as to be adapted to the printing of photographic postcards at home.

• 関東のすき焼きは明治に流行した牛鍋がベースになっており、出汁に醤油・砂糖・みりん・酒などの調味料を混ぜた割下をあらかじめ用意し、割下の中で牛肉を煮る。
• Sukiyaki in the Kanto region is based on the gyu-nabe popularly eaten in the Meiji period, where beef is boiled in a soup of warishita which has been prepared beforehand by mixing soup stock with soy sauce, sugar, mirin and sake.

• 弓矢の技術を高める場所は的場・弓場・射場といい、的屋（まとや）が営む、懸け物の遊技の場所を関西方面では楊弓場といい、関東方面では矢場という傾向にある。
• The place of improving Yumiya skills is called matoba, yumiba and shaba, and the place for gambling, managed by matoya, tends to be called yokyuba in the Kansai region while it is called yaba in the Kanto region.

• 西の富士、東の筑波と呼ばれる関東の名山の重さを量ろうとし天秤棒に2つの山を結わえつけ持ち上げると、筑波山のほうは持ち上がったが富士山は持ち上がらない。
• One day, trying to compare the weights of so called beautiful mountains Mt. Fuji in the west and Mt. Tsukuba in the east, Daidarabocchi tied the ropes the two mountains to a yoke and lifted it, and Mt. Tsukuba was lifted but not Mt. Fuji.

• 上杉家同士の内訌である長享の乱が始まると、長享2年（1488年）に関東管領上杉顕定の侵攻を受けて七沢要害は陥落し、以後は大庭要害（現藤沢市）に拠った。
• When the Chokyo Rebellion, an internal discord of the Uesugi family, started, the Nanasawa Fort fell by the invasion of Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) Akisada UESUGI in 1488, and therefore, Tomomasa stayed in the Oba Fort (the present Fujisawa City) after that.

• 戦国時代 (日本)は小田原近在の山王原の太郎左衛門が関東の被差別民の有力者であり、弾左衛門は鎌倉近在の由比ヶ浜界隈の有力者に過ぎなかったとされている。
• It is said that during the Sengoku period (the period of warring states), a person called Tarozaemon living in Sannobara in the vicinity of Odawara City exercised the power over the hisabetsumin in the Kanto region, while Danzaemon was no more than a influential figure in a limited area around Yuigahama near Kamakura City.

• 氏康による攻勢を受けていた上野国平井城に拠る関東管領の上杉憲政が、越後に対して救援を求めると景虎はただちに出兵して北条軍を破り、憲政を平井城へ戻した。
• When Norimasa UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei, based at Hirai-jo Castle in Kozuke Province, was attacked by Ujiyasu and seeked the help of the Uesugi clan in Echigo Province, Kagetora immediately dispatched troops and defeated the Hojo army, and let Norimasa to go back to Hirai-jo Castle.

• この乱は、3年後の平治の乱の遠因ともなり、さらには日本最初の武士政権である平氏政権の成立、また関東武士団を基盤とする鎌倉幕府の成立をもたらすこととなる。
• The disturbance, one of the underlying causes of the Heiji Disturbance (Heiji-no-ran) that occurred three years later, led to the establishment of Japan's first samurai-dominated government--that of the Taira clan--and the Kamakura shogunate based on the kanto warrior bands.

• また、大和屋の参詣記に、新宮・那智で熊野牛王符を授かり、本宮で熊野講もちをついたとあるように、こうした参詣風俗も関東ベエ・奥州ベエに特徴的なものだった。
• And the record of pilgrimage by Yamato-ya says that they obtained Kumano Goo-fu (talismans of Kumano shrines) in Shingu Shrine and in Nachi-taisha Shrine, and pounded Kumano-ko mochi (rice cake of the religious association of Kumano shrines), which was a characteristic custom of the kanto-be and oshu-be.

• 御文庫を擁する上冷泉家が関西の京都に残ったことで、結果として膨大な至宝が関東大震災と東京大空襲から守り抜かれたことは、日本文化史上この上ない僥倖である。
• It is a happy accident of Japanese cultural history that the Kami Reizei family which holds Gobunko remained in Kyoto in Kansai, keeping these great treasures safe from the Great Kanto Earthquake and the bombing of Tokyo.

• 非公式に発足した関東軍事政権（後の鎌倉幕府）にとって、これらの訴訟を迅速・円滑に処理していくことが、確固たる政権として認められる条件の一つとなっていた。
• The smooth and swift handling of lawsuits was one of the requirements for the unofficially established military government (later Kamakura bakufu) to be recognized as a stable government.

• 鎌倉時代の関東御分国は、将軍家が知行国主として支配し、一族や御家人を朝廷に推挙して国司に任じ、国衙領（公領）を支配するとともに、国衙領からの収入を得た。
• The form of Kanto Gobunkoku in the Kamakura period was that the family/clan members or the retainers of the Kamakura bakufu were recommended to the Imperial Court for nomination as provincial officials, in order to rule the provinces as the officials of Kokugaryo (Imperial province) and properly earn revenue from the province.

• 長である越訴頭人と引付衆の中から2・3名の越訴奉行（おっそぶぎょう）から構成（越訴頭人も広義の越訴奉行に含む説もある（『関東評定伝』など））されていた。
• Ossotonin (the head of legal institutions) and two or three Ossobugyo (temporary positions in charge of retrials and accepting appeals) from Hikitsukeshu were in commission (according to 'Kanto hyojo den' (an annual listing of personnel for the years 1226 and 1232 to 1284) and so on, Ossotonin might be a part of Ossobugyo in a broad sense).

• 若年時に都において帯刀先生の職にあり、後年関東に下向し常陸国信太荘（茨城県稲敷市）を開墾し本拠地としたため、通称を志田（志太、信太）三郎先生と呼ばれる。
• He is commonly known as Shida (志田 in Chinese characters, also written as 志太 and 信太) Saburo Senjo because he had served as Tachiwaki Senjo (the head of the Imperial Prince's bodyguard) in the capital in his youth, and later moved down to Kanto, developed Shida no sho (manor) in Hitachi Province (the present-day Inashiki City, Ibaraki Prefecture), and made it his base.

• 関東大震災で難民となった人々が新宿へと逃れてきたとき、便乗して高額な商品を売りつけるような真似をせず、安価なパンなどを連日販売して人々の飢えを満たした。
• When the refugees from the Great Kanto Earthquake escaped into Shinjuku, he never sold products at a higher price taking advantage thereof, and sold lower priced bread, etc. each and every day and satisfied people's hunger.

• 永寿王丸の関東復帰を実現させたものの、結局は長尾邦景の危惧は的中し、元服した足利成氏（永寿王丸）が上杉氏討伐を計画した事をきっかけに享徳の乱が勃発する。
• Fusasada successfully made Eijuomaru inherit the Kanto region, but the misgivings by Kunikage NAGAO came true in the end when Shigeuji ASHIKAGA (Eijuomaru) came of age and schemed to subjugate the Uesugi clan, which triggered the Kyotoku War.

• 翌1352年（正平7年 / 観応3年）閏2月、関東と畿内において足利軍と交戦を開始、19日に後村上天皇が男山（石清水八幡宮）まで行幸し、そこに留まった。
• In February of the following year, 1352 which was a leap year, the Southern Court forces began fighting the Ashikaga army in the Kanto and Kinai regions and, on the 19th, Emperor Gomurakami went to Mt. Otoko (Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine) where he remained.

• つまり、内地の法律を勅令により施行する措置は採らず（性質上外地にも施行される法律を除く）、勅令を関東州に対して発することにより立法権を行使することにした。
• That is, the government did not enforce the laws of the inland (excluding the laws that should be enforced in the region due to its nature) in the Kwantung Leased Territory with the Imperial edicts, but exercised the legislative power by issuing the Imperial edicts to the Kwantung Leased Territory.

• 一方で、諸大名中最大の石高を持ちながら、関東移封直後で新領地の整備のために九州への出陣止まりで朝鮮への派兵を免れた徳川家康が隠然たる力を持つようになった。
• On the other hand, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who had the largest Kokudaka (assessed yield; tax system based on rice, measured by reference to the rated annual yield of the domain) among daimyo, but as he had been moved to Kanto just before, he only headed troops to Kyushu, but was exempt from going to Korea to fight in order to consolidate new territory, came to have latent powers.

• 浄土宗側は、黒染めの衣で、質素ないでたち、関東の霊誉と、安土田中の西光寺の聖誉・貞安（せいよていあん）、信誉洞庫、知恩院助念の4人が筆記用具を持って登場。
• From the Jodoshu sect, four monks in simple black robes, Reiyo from the Kanto region, Seiyo Teian from Saiko-ji Temple in Azuchitanaka, Shinyo Doko, and Chionin Jonen appeared with writing tools.

• ---鬼灯・酸漿(ほおずき)、真菰馬（まこもうま）、小豆、大角豆（ささげ）関東地方では豆がはぜるのが切腹と通じるのを嫌い小豆の代わりにこれで赤飯を作った。
• Hozuki (Chinese lantern plant) (written as 鬼灯 or 酸漿 in Chinese characters), makomouma (a horse decoration made of Manchurian wild rice or straw), and adzuki beans or black-eyed peas; black-eyed peas were used for red rice in place of adzuki beans in the Kanto region because the popping of peas conjured up the image of Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment), a much-hated image.

• 古川緑波のエッセイによると、焼けた肉は具材を溶き卵に潜らせて食べるのは関西発祥で、関東の牛鍋をベースとしたすき焼き店では、溶き卵を出す店は無かったらしい。
• According to an essay written by Roppa FURUKAWA, Kansai is the birthplace of the custom of eating grilled meat and other ingredients after dipping them in beaten eggs, and reportedly, there was no restaurant in the Kanto region that offered beaten eggs for gyu-nabe based sukiyaki dishes at the time.

• つゆの関東風と関西風との境界線は諸説存在し、滋賀県の米原市説、滋賀県・岐阜県境の関ヶ原町説、大井の渡しによって分断されていた大井川説、、などの意見がある。
• There are various theories about where the boundary is between areas using Kanto type soup broth and those using Kansai type soup broth, such as a Maibara City, Shiga Prefecture theory, Sekigahara-cho (a town situated on the boundary between Shiga Prefecture and Gifu Prefecture) theory, an Oi-gawa River (people in the Edo period found difficulty in wading across Oi-gawa River) theory, and so on.

• すうどん・かけ蕎麦に載せることで、たぬき (麺類)（関東地方）ハイカラうどん（関西地方）となり、醤油出汁に不足している油のコクを安価に加えることができる。
• Plain udon or soba noodle with tenkasu on it turns tanuki noodle (in the Kanto region) or haikara noodle (in the Kansai region) that enables addition of inexpensive rich, oily taste that plain shoyu noodle soup doesn't have sufficiently.

• 有名無実な関東管領職にこだわり続けた面から、形式に拘る形式主義者、実質よりも権威を重んじる権威主義者、室町幕府体制の復興を願う復古主義者と評する声がある。
• From the viewpoint of continuing the job of a titular Kanto Kanrei, some people say that Kenshin was a formalist, particular about forms, an authoritarian respecting authority rather than substance, and a reversionary hoping for revival of the Muromachi bakufu system.

• 東幸に続いて京都への還幸となったが、この還幸にあたって三条は独り賛成せず、今すぐに京都に戻れば関東の人心を失するとして早々の還幸を牽制する意見書を提出した。
• After going to the east the emperor was to return to Kyoto, but Sanjo submitted a report to hold off an early visit to Kyoto due to the fact that a quick return would dishearten the people of Kanto.

• 熊野講もちとは宿や宿坊で樫杵を使って数人でもちをつく習俗をいい、関東ベエ・奥州ベエが故郷で組織していた熊野講の習慣が持ち込まれたものであると考えられている。
• Kumano-ko mochi was a custom of pounding mochi (rice cake) with an oak pounder at an inn or lodging, and presumably it was a custom which had been developed in the provinces of kanto-be and oshu-be by the members of Kumano-ko (religious associations of Kumano shrines) and later brought by them to Kumano, the home of Kumano-ko.

• やがて、両者の対立は全国の大名の兵力（享徳の乱の最中の関東を除く）を政治の中心地である京都に結集して遂に大規模な軍事衝突を引き起こしたこれが応仁の乱である。
• Eventually, the conflict between each side led to all the daimyo in the country (except for daimyo from the Kanto during the Kyotoku Rebellion) concentrating their military forces in Kyoto, the governmental capital, until at last, with these large-scale armies in such proximity, armed conflict was inevitable, and the Onin War began.

• 1590年、後北条氏が小田原の役で豊臣秀吉に滅ぼされると、後北条氏の旧領に封ぜられ、開拓の命を受けた徳川家康は、関東地方の中心となるべき居城を江戸に定めた。
• With the destruction of the Gohojo clan by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in the Siege of Odawara (1590), TOKUGAWA Ieyasu, who was assigned to govern and develop former Gohojo territories designated Edo as the central place in the Kanto region from where he would govern.

• 南洋群島（南洋庁）についても、関東州と同様に領土ではないという点から、内地の法律を施行する措置は採られず、天皇が発する勅令により立法権を行使することにした。
• As for the South Sea Islands (Nanyo-cho), as in the case of the Kwantung Leased Territory, the government did not enforce the laws of the inland but exercised the legislative power by issuing the Imperial edicts of the Emperor, as those islands were not considered as Japan's territory.

• 鎌倉幕府による地頭の任命は、承久の乱後、当初の関東御分国や平氏没官領、謀反人領のみから、後鳥羽天皇方につき没収された貴族・武士の所領に拡大した（新補地頭）。
• After the Jokyu War, the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) appointed jito in the confiscated territory of court nobles/samurai who had sided with the Emperor Gotoba (shinpo-jito (newly appointed jito)), in addition to the provincial territories that belonged to the Kamakura Bakufu and the confiscated territories of the Taira clan and/or rebels where it had appointed jito earlier.

• それまでの歴史から後鳥羽は、ほどなく義時が討ち取られ、関東武士たちも帰順すると見込んでいたが、幕府側は、頼朝以来の御恩を訴え、御家人の大多数を味方につけた。
• Considering the history so far, Gotoba expected that Yoshitoki would soon be killed and that the Kanto Samurai Group would submit, but the bakufu faction called in its favors since the time of Yoritomo and allied with the majority of gokenin.

• 935年（承平 (日本)5年）から940年（天慶3年）にかけて平将門が関東で乱をおこすと、その調伏のため修法を行い霊験があり、その他にも験があたったという。
• Among other miracles attributed to Jozo, he successfully prayed to subjugate a rebellion in the Kanto region led by TAIRA no Masakado from 935 to 940.

• 元雅は父との不和から勘当されて関東に落ち逃び、一方の世阿弥は女婿の金春禅竹を寵愛し、実子を軽んじたあまりに佐渡へ流罪となったという伝承を上記で紹介している。
• The above introduces a story that Motomasa was disowned due to disagreement with his father, and went down to Kanto, but because Zeami favored his daughter's husband, Zenchiku KOMPARU, and took his own son lightly, Zeami was banished to Sado.

• 文治2年（1186年）に頼朝が関東申次吉田経房に充てた手紙には、「大江広元か平盛時の筆跡ではない御教書には自分が花押を据える（有効性を保障する）」と記した。
• In his 1186 letter addressed to Tsunefusa YOSHIDA, Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the Kamakura bakufu), Yoritomo said that he would autograph his Kao (written seal mark) for migyosho that were not written by OE no Hiromoto or TAIRA no Moritoki (to guarantee their authenticity).

• その後、伊能家から献納された伊能図の控えは東京大学の附属図書館に保管されることとなったが、これも大正12年（1923年）の関東大震災ですべて焼失してしまった。
• Later, the duplicate copy of Ino map dedicated by the Ino family was kept at Tokyo University Library, but it was also burned down at the time of the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923.

• 治山事業に要した費用（荒廃地復旧経費）は、前橋営林署（現在の関東森林管理局群馬森林管理署）によれば、次のようである（1976年以降も植林事業は行われている）。
• According to Maebashi Forest Management Office (present Kanto Regional Forest Office), the cost of afforestation (called the cost of the degraded lands' recovery) is as follows (after 1976, the afforestation project has been continuing.)

• 平安時代中期以降の太上天皇や法皇、皇族の所領となった院宮御分国、源頼朝の知行国である関東御分国、南北朝時代 (日本)以降の守護大名の知行した領国などが当たる。
• Starting in the mid-Heian period, 'Bunkoku' also appears in the term 'ingu gobunkoku,' which refers to the province-sized territories controlled by the Retired Emperors, the Cloistered Emperors, and the Imperial Family, as well as in the term 'kanto gobunkoku,' referring to the bloc of provinces MINAMOTO no Yoritomo controlled in the Kanto (eastern Japan); starting in the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), 'bunkoku' was additionally used to describe the provinces controlled as feudal domains by the shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords).

• その後、千葉常胤と源義朝の間でどういう決着を見たのかは不明であるが、保元の乱では千葉常胤は源義朝の率いる関東の兵の中に、上総介常澄の子広常とともに名が見える。
• It is unknown how Tsunetane CHIBA and MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo were settled thereafter, but Tsunetane CHIBA's name appears, together with Kazusa no suke Tsunezumi's son Hirotsune, in the Kanto forces led by MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo in the Hogen War.

• 鎌倉公方足利持氏と関東管領上杉憲実の不和から始まり、持氏の遺児である春王・安王の処刑に至るまでの永享の乱・結城合戦の顛末を真字（漢文）体で実録的に記している。
• It records the events of the Eikyo Rebellion and Yuki Battle in Mana (Chinese characters) starting with the dispute between Kamakura kubo Mochiuji ASHIKAGA and Kanto kanrei (shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) Akimitsu UESUGI, and ends with the execution of Mochiuji's remaining children, Shuno and Ano,

• なお、現在の台湾のコンビニエンスストアや屋台などでは、「關東煮」という大阪風の表記で広く売られている（台湾のセブンイレブンでは「関東煮」と日本の新字で表記）。
• In current convenience stores and stalls in Taiwan, Oden is sold with the description of '關東煮,' which is Osaka-style (The 7-Eleven stores in Taiwan use the description '関東煮,' the new letter shape in Japan.)

• 常民は、明治時代に都を関東の内陸部に位置する本庄宿本庄宿に関する諸々の情報（中山道で最大の宿場町）へ遷都する案を提出するも周囲の賛同を得られず、断念している。
• Tsunetami submitted a proposal to transfer the capital to Honjoshuku (a largest post-station town in Nakasen-do Road) located in the inland area of Kanto, but he gave it up as he could not obtain people's support.

• 武重が関東で戦っているころ、京都を追われた尊氏が九州に逃れ少弐貞経の子の少弐頼尚が尊氏を下関市に迎えに出た隙に、武重の弟菊池武敏は大宰府の貞経を攻めて滅ぼした。
• When Takeshige was fitting in Kanto region, Takeshige's younger brother, Taketoshi KIKUCHIT attacked Sadatsune SHONI at Dazaifu (local government office in Kyushu region) and killed him, while Sadatsune's son, Yorinao SHONI, was in present Shimonoseki City to meet Takauji, who fled from Kyoto and sought refuge in Kyushu.

• その傾向は関東で特に強く、在地における国衙の目代や荘園の預所（あずかっそ）といった在庁官人を翻弄する権力の排除を志向する動きが鎌倉幕府の成立へとつながっていく。
• The tendency was strong, especially in the eastern regions, and movement aiming at pushing out the power that was a nuisance to zaichokanjin such as mokudai in kokuga or azukaridokoko (management position in trust) in shoen, would lead to the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 宮沢賢治（詩人・童話作家）や高山樗牛（思想家）、妹尾義郎（宗教思想家）、北一輝（右派革命家）、石原莞爾（軍人・関東軍参謀）らがよく知られたその例といわれている。
• It is said that Kenji MIYAZAWA (a poet and author of children's stories), Chogyu TAKAYAMA (a thinker), Giro SENO (a religious thinker), Ikki KITA (a rightist revolutionary) and Kanji ISHIWARA (a warrior and staff person in the Kwantung army) were well-known examples.

• こうした宮型造りの銭湯は昭和40年代頃まで関東近郊で盛んに建てられたが、自宅に作る内風呂が普及し、またビルに建て替えられる銭湯も多くなって、数少なくなってきた。
• Although large numbers of shrine-shaped sento of this kind were built in the suburbs of Kanto up until the period from 1965 to 1974, they became scarce because the home bath prevailed and many sento were remodeled for other uses.

• 関東地方における串カツとは、豚肉を3～4cm角に切ったものと、タマネギもしくはネギを切ったものを交互に串に刺し、豚カツの要領でパン粉をまぶして揚げたものである。
• In the Kanto region, kushikatsu refers to a skewer of pork sliced in three to four centimeters cubes and onions or green onions arranged alternately one by one, breaded and deep fried like a pork cutlet.

• ところが、足利持氏の遺児・永寿王丸（足利成氏）を新しい鎌倉公方に擁立する動きが清方の後を継いだ越後守護・上杉房定や関東諸将の間で起き、室町幕府もこれを容認した。
• However, Fusasada UESUGI, who had succeeded to a governor of Echigo Province from Kiyokata, and warlords of the Kanto region plotted to put up Eijuoumaru (Shigeuji ASHIKAGA), a bereaved child of Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, as a new Kamakura Kubo, and the Muromachi shogunate approved it.

• 6月(旧暦)、関東申次を務め北条氏と縁のあった公家の西園寺公宗らが北条高時の弟北条泰家（時興）を匿い、持明院統の後伏見天皇を奉じて政権転覆を企てる陰謀が発覚する。
• In the sixth month (under the old lunar calendar) it came to light that the Court noble Kinmune SAIONJI, who served as Kanto moshitsugi (a mediator position between Court and shogunate) and was related to the Hojo clan, and other nobles sheltered Yasuie (Tokioki) HOJO, younger brother of Takatoki HOJO, and that in obedience to the will of Emperor Gofushimi of the Jimyoin lineage, a conspiracy had been formed to overthrow the new government.

• 尊氏は進軍を続けるが、直義は畠山国清、桃井直常、石塔頼房、細川顕氏をはじめ、山名時氏、斯波高経らを味方に付け、関東では12月に上杉憲顕が高一族の高師冬を駆逐する。
• Takauji continued to move his forces, and Tadayoshi gained the support of Kunikiyo HATAKEYAMA, Tadatsune MOMONOI, Yorifusa ISHIDO, Akiuji HOSOKAWA, Tokiuji YAMANA, and Takatsune SHIBA, and in Kanto, Noriaki UESUGI chased away KO no Morofuyu of the KO clan in December.

• この点で、起伏の少ない関東平野を中心として放射状に広がっている東京圏と比べると、生駒山地や六甲山地などの山地を挟んで都市が広がっている京阪神と大きく異なっている。
• In this point, Keihanshin, in which the cities spread across mountains, such as Ikoma Mountains and Rokko Mountains, is very different from the Tokyo area, which spreads out in a radial fashion with the center in the Kanto Plain.

• 当初、関東や北陸で勃興した反平氏勢力は、旧勢力の期待するところであって平氏政権を排除した後は、それまでの歴史の通りにいずれ中央政府に帰順するものと考えられていた。
• Initially, the anti-Taira clan forces that began in the Kanto and Hokuriku regions were acting as the old regime anticipated and it was thought that after the Taira clan government was removed, the country would return to a central government as in the past.

• また、九州の大友氏、関東の後北条氏、東北の伊達氏などは信長に恭順する姿勢を見せており、このまま順調にいけば、織田政権による天下統一はほぼ達成されるとみられていた。
• The Otomo clan in Kyushu, the Gohojo clan in Kanto, and the Date clan in Tohoku also signaled their allegiance, so the Oda Government was expected to unify the whole country if things went well.

• だが成氏も享徳の乱を起こして、古河城に逃れて古河公方を名乗り、更に上杉氏は山内上杉家と扇谷上杉家に分裂したため、応仁の乱が始まるよりも前に関東地方は騒乱状態となる。
• However, Shigeuji also raised the Kyotoku Rebellion and escaped to Koga-jo Castle, where he named himself Koga-kubo (古河公方), and as the Uesugi clan split into the Yamanouchi Uesugi and Ogigayatsu Uesugi families, the Kanto region was in a state of turbulence before the Onin War started.

• 「神皇正統記」は、南北朝時代に南朝の北畠親房が関東で勢力を集めるために南朝の正統性を神代から記した所で、のちの皇国史観に繋がるイデオロギー的性格の強い史書であった。
• The 'Jinno shotoki' (Record of the Imperial Succession) was a work written by Chikafusa KITABATAKE and argues for the legitimacy of the Southern Court line of succession, that it was unbroken since the age of myth, in an attempt to drum up support for the Southern Court in the Kanto; in later times, it was to have a powerful influence on ideologues trying to promote a historiographic view of Japan as divine and Emperor-centered.

• 同時に大覚寺統側からその政治的立場に疑いを持たれるに至り、「関東申次」職を背景に朝廷内で隠然たる力を振るっていた西園寺家はその政治的求心力を大きく損なう事になった。
• At the same time, his political position was questioned by the Daikakuji Imperial line, the Saionji family, who had the position of 'Kanto Moshitsugi' and had strong political power in the Imperial Palace, ended up dramatically losing their unifying political force.

• 高砂屋こそ、新駒屋（中村魁車、戦災で死亡）とともに関西歌舞伎を支えてきた名女形であり、関東の好劇家のなかでその実力の高さが密かに話題になっていた名優だったのである。
• Along with Shinkomaya (Kaisha NAKAMURA, killed in an air-raid), Takasagoya was a great onnagata who had supported Kansai kabuki, and he was famous for his excellent skills among kabuki fans in Kanto.

• 例えば大正12年刊行の拓殖事務局『植民地要覧』では朝鮮・台湾・樺太・関東州・南洋群島を「我が植民地と解せらるる」としていた（同書では南満州鉄道付属地も扱っている）。
• For instance, the government stated, 'Korea, Taiwan, the Kwantung Leased Territory, the South Sea Islands were considered as Japan's territories' in 'Colonial handbook' issued by Takushoku Office in 1923 (The handbook also mentioned about the land appurtenant to South Manchuria Railways).

• 幕府が政治的に影響力を及ぼすことができたのは、当初は将軍任国である関東と将軍所領のみであったが、次第にその範囲は拡大し、承久の乱で全国的な支配権を確立するに至った。
• The regions over which the Kamakura Bakufu could exert a political influence were at first only the ningoku (place of appointment) of shogun, which was the Kanto region and the territories of the shogun, but gradually the regions expanded and after the Jokyu War, nationwide sovereignty was established.

• 東海道新幹線、JR東海道本線の駅構内のそば・うどん屋やその周辺地域の出汁（つゆ）の関東風・関西風の境界線についての調査は、過去にいくつかのテレビ番組で行われている。
• Some TV programs conducted studies in the past about the boundary between areas that use Kanto type soup broth and those that use Kansai type soup broth at Soba and Udon noodles shops in the station precincts of the Tokaido Shinkansen and JR Tokaido Main Line and surrounding areas.

• 安喰善知の門人には、松江藩の支藩である母里藩10代藩主松平直哉の子で子爵となった松平直敬があり、学習院や皇室で茶の湯の指導にあたるなどして関東地方に雲州流を広めた。
• A disciple of Zenchi AJIKI, Naoyoshi MATSUDAIRA, who was a son of Naotoshi MATSUDAIRA of the 10th lord of the Mori Domain, a branch domain of Matsue Domain, and received the rank of viscount, spread Unshu-ryu school in the Kanto region by giving instructions on tea ceremony at the Gakushuin School Corporation and to the Imperial family.

• おでんに関しても基本的には同様であるが、上記のような複雑な発展の経緯があったために、関東で関西風のだしが本格的とされたり、関西でも濃口醤油を用いたりすることがある。
• Although this holds true for Oden, due to the complex history of development mentioned above, Kansai-style soup stock may be considered as authentic in Kanto, and dark-colored soy sauce may be used in Kansai as well.

• 1335年（建武 (日本)2年）、7月に関東で中先代の乱が起こると後醍醐天皇は討伐に向かった足利尊氏を黙認するが、乱を平定した尊氏は鎌倉に留まり建武政権から離反する。
• Emperor Godaigo overlooked Takauji ASHIKAGA when he went to settle the Nakasendai Revolt that occurred in Kanto in July 1335, but Takauji remained in Kamakura after settling the revolt and left the Kenmu government.

• 関東の独立を掲げた武将で、代表的な怨霊でもある平将門を祭る神田明神は、大手門前（現在の首塚周辺）から、江戸城の鬼門にあたる駿河台へと移され、江戸惣鎮守として奉られた。
• Kanda Myojin-Shine which enshrined TAIRA no Masakado, a renown samurai who sought the independence of the Kanto region and who said to have later turned into a vengeful ghost, was relocated from Ote-mon Gate (The area surrounding the present day Kubi-zuka [Mound of Heads]) to Surugadai to the northeast of Edo Castle which was known as a kimon (Literally translated as the 'demons gate,' which signified an inauspicious direction in Onmyodo [yin-yang philosophy]), and enshrined their as a Shinto deity and protector of Edo.

• 馬の中のごく一部がそれに堪えられたとすれば、武士という一握りの特種技能集団が成立し得る条件を備えているのは、関東においてはそもそもが馬の牧場を意味する「牧」であった。
• The 'maki' (pasture for horses and cattle, written as '牧') was originally defined as a horse farm (written as 牧場) in Kanto region and provided the condition where a handful of bushi with special units could formalize if only a few of those horses could stand training.

• 桜前線は例年、3月下旬に九州南部・四国南部へ上陸し、順次、九州北部・四国北部、瀬戸内海沿岸・関東地方、北陸地方、東北地方と北上し、5月上旬に北海道に至る形で描かれる。
• This line graph shows that Cherry Blossom Front lands the southern Kyushu and Shikoku areas in late March, subsequently moving northward in ascending order of latitude values of locations starting from the northern Kyushu and Shikoku areas, the Seto Inland Sea coast, the Kanto region, the Hokuriku region, the Tohoku region and finally reaching Hokkaido in early May annually.

• そのほか、海苔を細かく刻んだきざみ海苔や、海苔の佃煮（関東では桃屋の「江戸むらさき ごはんですよ!」、関西では磯じまん・ブンセンの「アラ!」などが代表的）などがある。
• Moreover, there are 'kizami nori (chopped or shredded nori),' 'nori-no-tsukudani' and so on (laver boiled down in soy, Momoya's 'Edo Murasaki Gohan-desuyo!' in the Kanto region, Isojiman-Bunsen's 'Ala!' in the Kansai region and so on are famous).

• 西関東の東京都多摩地区の西部（旧西多摩郡）、埼玉県西部（旧入間郡・旧秩父郡・旧比企郡・旧児玉郡等）、群馬県西部（旧多野郡・旧甘楽郡）の地域にも独自の手締めが行われる。
• Unique forms of tejime are also performed in the western part of Tama district in Tokyo in western Kanto region (former Nishitama district), western Saitama Prefecture (former Iruma, Chichibu, Hiki, and Kodama districts), and western Gunma Prefecture (former Tano and Kanra districts).

• もともとの「関東炊き」（濃い醤油味）は、老舗の味として関西で残っていることもあるし、東京でも一度は消えたが江戸の味はこうだったらしい、ということで作っている店はある。
• The original 'Kanto daki' (関東炊き) (seasoned with dark-colored soy sauce) is served as an old taste at some long-established restaurants in Kansai and at some restaurants in Tokyo as an assumed Edo-style taste.

• 1455年（康正元年）下総国で起きた本家にあたる千葉氏の内紛を収めるため、征夷大将軍足利義政の命により、嫡流の千葉胤賢の遺児千葉実胤と千葉自胤を支援し関東を転戦した。
• In 1455, internal strife within the Chiba clan, the head family of the To clan, broke out in Shimotsuke Province, and as ordered by Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, the Barbarian-subduing General, Tsuneyori supported the bereaved children of Tanekata Chiba, Sanetaka and Yoritaka, and fought in the Kanto area.

• 子孫は秩父氏（河越氏、畠山氏 (平姓)）、房総平氏（上総氏、千葉氏）、中村氏 (相模国)（土肥氏、土屋氏）などに分かれ、関東地方における武士団を形成し勢力を伸ばした。
• His descendants branched off in the Chichibu clan (Kawagoe clan and Hatakeyama clan [Taira clan]), the Boso Taira clan (Kazusa clan and Chiba clan), and the Nakamura clan (Sagami Province) (Dohi clan and Tsuchiya clan), and they formed armed groups in the Kanto region, extending their influence.

• だが、この頃の朝廷では関東申次である祖父の公経が道家を上回る実力を持っていたこともあって、後嵯峨天皇が即位した1242年には公経の推薦で関白に任じられるまでに至った。
• But, his grandfather, Kintsune who was a Kanto moshitsugi (a liaison with the east), held greater power than Michiie, thus he was assigned to serve as a Kanpaku (a chief advisor to the Emperor) at Kintsune's recommendation in 1242 when Emperor Gosaga ascended the throne.

• しかし、この間に景虎は、上杉憲政の要請もあって鎌倉府の鶴岡八幡宮において閏3月16日、山内上杉家の家督と関東管領職を相続、名を上杉政虎（うえすぎ まさとら）と改めた。
• During this period, Kagetora succeeded to the family headship of Yamanouchi-Uesugi family and the post of Kanto Kanrei at Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine of Kamakura Government on May 10, 1561, also at the request of Norimasa UESUGI, he changed his name to Masatora UESUGI.

• しかし、寿永2年（1183年）後白河法皇から『寿永二年十月宣旨』によって実質上の関東支配が公認されると、以仁王「令旨」は効力を失い、頼朝も寿永年号を使用するようになる。
• But in 1183 (Juei 2), when he was given de facto authorization to control the entire Kanto thanks to the 'Proclamation of the tenth month of the second year of Juei' issued by cloistered emperor Goshirakawa, the usefulness of prince Mochihito's command was at an end, and Yoritomo at last began using the Juei era name on his documents.

• 徳長は1911年に引退し爵位を長子東坊城政長が継いだが、1922年徳長の没後、翌1923年の関東大震災によって東京の家屋敷は半壊、東坊城家はそれを手放す憂き目に遭った。
• Yoshinaga retired in 1911, and his eldest son, Masanaga HIGASHIBOJO, succeeded to the title and the court rank, but in 1923 a year after Yoshinaga's death in 1922, the family's residence in Tokyo was half-destroyed in the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 and the Higashibojo family found itself in the unfortunate position of having to relinquish its estate.

• 持氏も幕府中央の混乱に乗じて関東・奥州各地に発生した武装蜂起に対して自己の政権の権限と基盤の強化に乗り出して幕府中央の権威を否定する動きを以前から見せていたからである。
• This is because Mochiuji also had started to deny the authority of the central bakufu by strengthening the power and basis of his regime against the armed uprisings which were breaking out in various areas in Kanto and Oshu regions during the confusion of the central bakufu.

• これを裏付けるように、関西地方出身者は「揚げ玉」という呼称を用いずに「天かす」と呼ぶが、東京を中心とする関東地方出身者が「天かす」という呼称を用いることはほとんどない。
• 一原文一訳文の例外対処

• しかし、徳川家光が亡くなったのが慶安4年（1651年）4月20日 (旧暦)であったため、関東では1月20日を忌日として避け、後に松の内後の1月11日 (旧暦)とされた。
• However, because the death of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA occurred on April 20, 1651 (by the lunar calendar), the holding of the kagamibiraki event on January 20 was avoided in the Kanto region in recognition of the anniversary; instead, it was later decided to be held on January 11 (by the lunar calendar) after Matsunouchi.

• 1920年年末に良致が帰国し夫婦同居が実現、武子・良致の間に子はなかったものの関東大震災などを経て武子自身の死までこれ以降は良致とよき夫婦関係であったと伝えられている。
• At the end of 1920, Yoshimune returned to Japan and the couple started to live together again and although they had no children, they allegedly had a good relationship through the Great Kanto Earthquake and other incidents until Takeko's death.

• 道家の失脚時に兼経も巻き添えとなって関東申次を解任されるが、ともに失脚した一条実経（道家3男）の後を埋める形で宝治元年（1247年）に後深草天皇の摂政として再任される。
• Kanetsune became a victim to the downfall of Michiie and he was dismissed from his position as a Kanto moshitsugi, but he was reappointed as Emperor Gofukakusa's Regent in 1247 in the form of filling in for Sanetsune ICHIJO (Michiie's third son), who also met his downfall.

• ただし、唐代の江南では兵役がほぼ免除されていたり、日本では東国（関東地方）ばかりが防人の兵役義務を負っていたなど、必ずしも一律的に兵役が課されていないという実態があった。
• In fact, military service was not equally imposed on the people so that, for example, in Tang China, people in Jiangnan were exempted from almost all of their military services, and in Japan, only the people of the Kanto region were required to serve as frontier guards.

• 弾左衛門は支配地内の配下は勿論のこと、関東近国の天領の被差別民についても裁判権を持っており、罪を犯したものは屋敷内の白州で裁きを受け、屋敷内に設けられた牢屋に入れられた。
• Danzaemon had jurisdiction not only over the subordinates within the ruling area but the hisabetsumin living in the tenryo (shogunal demesnes) in the provinces around the Kanto region, and those who committed crimes were tried by a private court called 'shirasu' (literally the white sandbar) set up in the premise, and locked up in a prison also constructed within the premise.

• この結果、平氏軍は関東政権軍へ瀬戸内海の制海権を明け渡すこととなり、熊野別当湛増が率いる熊野水軍や，河野通信らの水軍を始めとする中国・四国の武士が続々と鎌倉政権へ味方した。
• As a result, the Taira clan forces gave the command of the Seto Inland Sea to the Kanto government forces and Chugoku, Shikoku region bushi such as the Kumano Navy led by Kumano Betto Tanzo and Michinobu KONO's navy started to take the Kamakura government's side.

• 日本では、関東大震災などの影響で金本位制復帰の時期を逸し、1930年（昭和5年）に濱口雄幸内閣が「金解禁（金輸出解禁）」を打ち出したが、翌年犬養毅内閣が金輸出を再禁止した。
• Japan missed an opportunity to return to gold standard system since it had to deal with the aftermath of the Great Kanto Earthquake, and Osachi HAMAGUCHI cabinet announced 'the lifting of an embargo on the export of gold' in 1930, but the embargo again laid by Tsuyoshi INUKAI cabinet in the next year.

• なお、関東においては、惣荘や惣郷の存在について確認されていないが、特殊な事例であるが、「香取文書」には、下総国佐原において、それに近いものが存在していたことが書かれている。
• In the Kanto region, the existence of sosho or sogo was not identified; however, as an exception the 'Katori monjo' (Katori document) contained information that a community close to a sosho or a sogo existed in Sahara, Shimousa Province.

• このため、関東における大大名・徳川家康を牽制するために重要な領土である会津に、秀吉や三成と懇意にあった上杉景勝を入封させるために計画した陰謀ではないかとされているのである。
• It is considered to have been a conspiracy to assign Kagekatsu UESUGI, who had a close relationship with Hideyoshi and Mitsunari, to Aizu, the estate that was crucial for the suppression of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the great feudal lord in the Kanto region.

• 源平の間を揺れ動いたことで頼朝の疑念を招き、隆直への恩賞は守護に任じられた少弐氏や大友氏・島津氏に遠く及ばず、逆に多くの関東系御家人を本拠地周囲に配置され、その牽制を受けた。
• His inconstancy between the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan caused Yoritomo's distrust, and he was granted a reward far less than those of the Shoni clan, the Otomo clan and the Shimazu clan, which were appointed Shugo (provincial governors), and on the contrary, Takanao came to be checked by the gokenin from Kanto provinces, who were placed around his home base.

• 人口の増大は、江戸を東日本における大消費地とし、東日本各地の農村と結ばれた大市場、経済的先進地方である上方（近畿地方）と関東地方を結ぶ中継市場として、経済的な重要性も増した。
• Population growth in Edo turned the city into the consumption center of eastern japan, and faciliated its rise to economic prominence as a significant market that linked the farming villages of various regions of eastern Japan, and a hub market that linked the economically advanced Kamigata (Kinki region) and Kanto regions.

• その時期は関東においては平忠常の乱が終わり、そこでの「亡国」といわれるほどの焦土戦による荒廃から、復興・再開発が始められた段階、つまり11世紀後半から12世紀初頭に相当する。
• That period ranged from late eleventh to the early twelfth century when the Revolt of TAIRA no Tadatsune ended in the Kanto region, and when reconstruction and reestablishment started from the ruins of what was called almost a 'dead province.'

• 江戸期の人工は100万を越えて紙の需要も大きく、唐紙の普及と大火が相次いだことで、唐紙の需要も急拡大して、関東の紙漉き郷は、江戸市民に日用の紙を供給する重要な役割を果たした。
• During the Edo period, the population was over one million and had a heavy demand for paper, which increased rapidly due to the prevalence of karakami and successive big fires, and consequently, a paper making area in the Kanto region played an important role to provide paper for daily use to the residents of Edo.

• 京成電鉄が提供した千葉県千葉郡津田沼町谷津海岸（現在の習志野市谷津）の塩田地帯の約5万平方メートルの土地（のちの谷津遊園）に「阪東妻三郎プロダクション関東撮影所」を建設した。
• Using a location provided by Keisei Dentetsu (formally known as Keisei Electric Railway Co., Ltd.), Bando built 'Bando Tsumasaburo Productions' Kanto Studio' on the approximately five million-square-foot salt fields (later Yatsu-yuen amusement park) on the Yatsu Kaigan seacoast, Tsudanuma Town, Chiba County, Chiba Prefecture (present-day Yatsu, Narashino City).

• また客が弓矢を楽しむ横からの矢の回収は危険であることから、関東の的屋の間で、危ない場所を矢場（やば）と言う様になり、危ない事を「矢場い・やばい」と表現し、隠語として使用した。
• Since it was dangerous to gather arrows from the side while customers were shooting, Kanto tekiya started calling any dangerous place 'yaba' and dangerous activities 'yabai.'

• 歩き巫女に国境は無く、全国何処でも自由に行けたため、関東から畿内を回って口寄せや舞を披露し、時には売春もしながら情報を収集し、ツナギ（連絡役）の者を通じて信玄に逐一報告した。
• Because the arukimiko were allowed to freely cross the border and go everywhere, they gathered information, acted as liaisons with and reported everything to Shingen, performed kuchiyose (spiritualism) and dances, and sometimes prostituted themselves in the Kanto and Kinai regions (provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto).

• 長尾 景仲（ながお かげなか、嘉慶_(日本)2年/元中5年（1388年）- 寛正4年8月26日_(旧暦)（1463年10月8日））は、室町時代中期の関東管領山内上杉家の家宰。
• Kagenaka NAGAO (1388 - October 17, 1463) was a main retainer of Yamanouchi-Uesugi family which was Kanto Kanrei (Shogun's deputy for the Kanto region) during the middle of the Muromachi period.

• 鎌倉時代に入ると、鳥羽院は代々院御厨別当・関東申次を務めた西園寺家が周辺の土地とともに知行して治天の君の院政に対して経済的な貢献を行うとともに、その政治力を支える基盤となった。
• Since Tobain (Toba-dono) and its surrounding area was ruled by the Saionji family, who served as chief officers of mikuriya (manors of the retired emperors) and Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu) for generation, it served as the financial and political basis of the cloister government by Chiten no kimi in the Kamakura period.

• 江戸の開発は、平安時代後期に武蔵国の秩父地方から出て川越市から入間川 (埼玉県)（現荒川 (関東)）沿いに平野部へと進出してきた桓武平氏を称する秩父党の一族によって始められた。
• Edo was founded in the late Heian Period by a clan of the Chichibu party that claimed the name of Kanmu-Heishi (the Taira clan) who entered the plains along the Irumagawa River ((Saitama Prefecture) (Present-day Arakawa (Kanto)) from Kawagoe City from the Chichibu region of Musashi province.

• ところが、12世紀末に鎌倉将軍の荘園・所領に相当する関東御領をはじめとする武家領と既存の公家領・寺社領、更に公領である国衙領の3者間の区別を必要とし、これを「本所領」と呼んだ。
• At the end of the twelfth century, however, three of the bukeryo including Kanto goryo (shogun's personal holdings) of the Kamakura shogun (general of the eastern pacification command in Kamakura), corresponding to shoen and shoryo, the existing kugeryo and jisharyo, and kokugaryo (provincial land) koryo (public land) needed to be distinguished from one another, and accordingly, they were called 'honjoryo.'

• 19日の源氏一族の会合では後白河を奉じて関東に出陣するという案が飛び出し（『玉葉』閏10月20日条）、26日には興福寺の衆徒に頼朝討伐の命が下された（『玉葉』閏10月26日条）。
• At the meeting of the Genji clan on December 12, an idea was put forth that they should depart to the front in the Kanto region, setting Goshirakawa up as the lord ('Gyokuyo,' entry of December 13), and on December 19, an order to hunt down and kill MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was given to monk-soldiers of Kofuku-ji Temple ('Gyokuyo,' entry of December 19).

• 関西ではお好み焼きはコテでさいの目状に切って箸を使わずに食べるが、関東をはじめとする日本各地の出身の人たちは、ピザと同じようにお好み焼きの中心から放射状に切って食べることが多い。
• Kansai people eat okonomiyaki with a spatula by cutting it in sainome (diced) without using chopsticks, but many people from various regions as well as Kanto eat it by cutting it radially from the center like pizzas.

• こうした地域は関東地方・中部地方・中国地方・四国地方などに広がっており、その多くはかつては水田を作るには不適当であったため、米以外の作物で定畑や焼畑を行っていた地域とされている。
• The Kanto region, the Chubu region, the Chugoku region, and Shikoku region included these dry fields, where people cultivated fields or practiced slash and burn techniques for products other than rice, because those lands had not been suited for rice paddies in those days.

• 養父朝定（京都上杉氏で父藤定の従兄弟）は丹波国守護だったが、貞治年間頃（1360年代）に顕定は関東に下向して鎌倉公方足利氏満に仕え、鎌倉扇谷の地に居住し、扇谷上杉氏の祖となった。
• Although his foster father, Tomosada (who was a member of the Kyoto Uesugi clan and a cousin of his father, Fujisada), was the shugo (provincial constable) of Tanba Province, Akisada left the capital for the Kanto region to serve Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) Ujimitsu ASHIKAGA, resided in Ogigayatsu in Kamakura, and became the originator of the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi clan.

• 鎌倉幕府が成立すると、御家人は鎌倉殿に対して、緊急時の軍役、内裏や幕府を警護する大番役、その他異国警護番役や長門警護番役などの軍役奉仕のほか、関東御公事と言われる武家役を果たした。
• When the Kamakura bakufu was established, gokenin played, for the Kamakura-dono, the economical roles as samurai, called Kanto-mikuji, in addition to the services of military roles, such as military roles in emergency, the Oban-yaku role for guarding the imperial court and bakufu, the Ikoku keigo ban-yaku role (the role for guarding against attacks from foreign countries) and the Nagato keigo ban-yaku role (also the role for guarding against attacks from foreign countries at a station placed in Nagato, present Yamaguchi Prefecture).

• しかし、積極的な主戦論を主張していたロシア海軍や関東州総督のエヴゲーニイ・アレクセーエフらは、朝鮮半島でも増えつつあったロシアの利権を妨害される恐れのある妥協案に興味を示さなかった。
• Fearing that the expansion of Russian interests on the Korean peninsula would be impeded, neither the Russian navy, which advocated war, nor Евгений Алексеев, the governor-general of the Kwantung Leased Territory expressed interest in the settlement.

• 大正12年の関東大震災の際には主食的位置を占め、昭和になると東京ではウスターソースを塗って食べる「文字もんじゃ焼き」や「一銭洋食」が食料不足を補う方法としてもてはやされるようになる。
• In the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, it played a role as a staple diet and in the Showa period 'mojimonjayaki' (a type of Japanese pan-fried batter with various ingredients) eaten by coating it with Worcester sauce or 'issen yoshoku' (literally, one cent Western food) became popular as the way of making up for food insecurity.

• 気象庁によると、開花から満開（80%以上が咲いた状態）までの日数は、沖縄・奄美地方で約16日、九州から東海・関東地方では約7日、北陸・東北地方では約5日、北海道地方では約4日となる。
• According to the Japan Meteorological Agency, the approximate number of days between the time of 'flowering' and 'full bloom' (when over 80% of blossoms are in bloom) are 16 for the Okinawa and Amami regions, 7 for the areas between Kyushu and the Tokai/Kanto regions, 5 for the Hokuriku-Tohoku regions, and 4 for the Hokkaido region.

• 関東地方の後北条氏、東北地方の伊達氏は信長に恭順する姿勢を見せており、これで信長の目の前に立ちはだかる敵は、中国地方の毛利氏、四国の長宗我部氏、北陸地方の上杉氏、九州の島津氏となった。
• The Gohojo clan in the Kanto Region and the Date clan in the Tohoku Region signaled their allegiance to Nobunaga and, as a result, enemies that stood in Nobunaga's way were the Mori clan in the Chugoku Region, the Chosokabe clan in the Shikoku Region, the Uesugi clan in the Hokuriku Region and the Shimazu clan in Kyushu.

• この状況を見た将軍・義輝は上杉謙信（関東管領）をはじめとする親将軍家の戦国大名の支援を受けながら、将軍権威の再建に努めるが、その矢先松永一派のクーデター（永禄の変）によって暗殺された。
• Shogun Yoshiteru observed these events and resolved, even as he accepted the support of Sengoku daimyo families closely allied with the Shogun, especially Kenshin UESUGI (the Kanrei of the Kanto region), to try to wrest back the power and prestige of the office of Shogun, only to be assassinated during a coup d'etat (known as the Eiroku Incident) by the faction led by Matsunaga, who was the primary target of Yoshiteru's efforts.

• 畿内では古墳時代後期（6世紀中ごろ）に前方後円墳が衰退するとともに、埴輪も次第に姿を消していったが、なおも前方後円墳を盛んに築造した関東地方においては埴輪も引き続き盛んに作られ続けた。
• In Kinai region, the Haniwa were disappeared as large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds declined in the late Tumulus period (around the middle of the sixth century), however, in Kanto region, where large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds were built vigorously, the Haniwa still continued to be made.

• 洞（うつろ）とは、室町時代後期から安土桃山時代にかけて、現在の東北地方及び関東地方の戦国大名に見られた形態で惣領である当主を中心に一族・家臣をまとめた擬似的要素のある族縁共同体のこと。
• Utsuro was a quasi family-related community from the late Muromachi period to the Azuchi-Momoyama period that organized family members and vassals around the head of the family, called soryo (heir); organizations such as these were seen among Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) in the Tohoku and Kanto regions.

• 平安最末期に関東武士全体を代表する鎌倉殿という地位が登場すると、御恩と奉公に基づく主従関係は、次第に排他的（鎌倉殿以外の主人を持たない）かつ永続的なものとなり、一層強固になっていった。
• Towards the end of the Heian period when the position heading all samurai in the Kanto region, called Kamakura-dono, was introduced, the master-servant relationship based on goon and hoko gradually became exclusive (not allowed to have any master other than the kamakura-dono) and permanent, making the relationship stronger.

• 平氏家人打倒を共通の目的として頼朝麾下に集結した関東武士団連合も、本来的には所領をめぐり潜在的な対立関係にあったのであり、敵対勢力の排除や淘汰にともなって徐々に結合が弱まり始めていた。
• Even the association of the Kanto Samurai Group, the gathered troops under Yoritomo's command with the common purpose of defeating Heishi Iebito (server of Taira clan), originally had an adversarial relationship with Yoritomo over shoryo (territory), and their solidarity began to erode as the opposing forces were eliminated or dismissed.

• 武田・北条両大名家と繰り広げた長期に渡る大規模な持久戦で露呈した脆さは致命的であり、直接の対陣での敗北は殆ど無いにも関わらず、関東においては最終的に上野の一部以外は殆ど失ってしまった。
• Kenshin's vulnerability was exposed in the large-scale prolonged and protracted battles with both Daimyo families (feudal lord families) of Takeda and Hojo, although Kenshin was not defeated in direct confrontation, he finally lost lands in the Kanto region except for a part of Kozuke Province.

• 時行軍を駆逐した尊氏は後醍醐天皇の帰京命令を拒否してそのまま鎌倉に居を据え、乱の鎮圧に付き従った将士に独自に恩賞を与えたり、関東にあった新田氏の領地を勝手に没収するなど新政から離反する。
• Takauji, after destroying Tokiyuki's army, violated Emperor Godaigo's order to return to the capital and installed himself in Kamakura instead; having become alienated from the new government, he showed his disaffection by bestowing unique rewards on the officers and men who had fought with him to put down the rebellion, and by willfully seizing the territory of the Nitta clan in the Kanto (eastern Japan).

• なお、一色氏の一族は各地に点在しており、関東には鎌倉公方の御一家として幸手城主一色氏（一色直氏の孫の一色長兼の一族）がおり、古河公方の終焉まで仕え、江戸時代には旗本や水戸藩として続いた。
• Incidentally, the Isshiki clan families were scattered around the country, and in Kanto there existed the Satte Castellan Isshiki clan (a family of Osakane ISSHIKI, who was a grandchild of Naouji ISSHIKI) as a family of the Kamakura Kubo, and they served Koga Kubo till the end; moreover, the clan continued as the hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) and the domain of Mito during the Edo period.

• 全国通用を前提とするものであるが、金鉱山が主に常陸国、甲斐国、伊豆国および佐渡国などに位置し、金貨の一般通用は家康により新たに取り入れられた政策であったため主に関東地方を中心に流通した。
• It was planned to circulate nationwide, however, the distribution was mainly in Kanto Region because gold mines were located in Hitachi, Kai, Izu and Sado Provinces and the policy of circulating gold coins in public was newly adopted by Ieyasu.

• 「から」が空に通じるとして、縁起を担いで、白いことからウツギ（うのはな、主に関東地方）、包丁を使わず切らずに食べられるところから雪花菜（きらず、主に近畿地方）などと言いかえることもある。
• Since the word 'kara' has a meaning of emptiness, sometimes it is restated for good luck as 'utsugi' (or unohana meaning deutzia, mainly used in Kanto region) because of its whiteness or 'kirazu' (written as 雪花菜, mainly used in Kinki region) because it is edible without cutting.

• 「的矢」は、関西では楊弓場（ようきゅうじょう）、関東で矢場（やば）といわれ、祭礼の立つ日の庭場や遊郭で出店や夜店として、弓矢を使い的に当て、的の位置や種類により、商品や賞金が振舞われた。
• Matoya' was known as 'yokyu-jo' (yokyu place) in the Kansai region of western Japan and 'yaba' (arrow place) in the eastern Kanto region and during festivals, stalls were set up in niwaba and in red light districts (or licensed quarters), with prizes or money awarded depending on the position or the type of the target.

• 1180年代になると、平氏政権打倒を名目とした内戦（治承・寿永の乱）が起こり、最終的に、軍事貴族に出自し関東の在地領主層武士層を基盤とする源頼朝の武家政権（後の鎌倉幕府）が内戦に勝利した。
• During the 1180's a civil war (Jisho-Juei War) to overthrow the Taira administration broke out, and the samurai government of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo (later to become the Kamakura bakufu), consisting of local ryoshu (samurai lord) and samurais in Kanto who were originally military aristocrats, won.

• この真理谷氏は武田信満の次男・武田信長が古河公方であった足利成氏の家臣となって、その命令を受けて上総に攻め込み、同地で関東管領である上杉氏の所領を横領するなどして戦国大名化した一族である。
• Nobunaga TAKEDA (the second son of Nobumitsu TAKEDA), who had became a vassal of the Koga-kubo, Shigeuji ASHIKAGA, invaded Kazusa Province as ordered by Shigeuji, and embezzled the territory of the Kanto Kanrei Uesugi clan in the province, based on which event the Mariya clan emerged and became a warlord.

• 和宮は有栖川宮熾仁親王との婚約がすでにあり、外国人のいる関東へ行かせたくないと難色を示した孝明天皇も、公武合体には基本的に賛成であり、岩倉具視らの進言もあって最終的に家茂への降嫁を認めた。
• It was not easy for the marriage to proceed because Kazunomiya was engaged to Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito, and her brother Emperor Komei did not want to send her to the Kanto region, a place where foreigners lived, but eventually the emperor, who was not opposed to the idea of kobu-gattai, approved the marriage to Iemochi, as recommended by Tomomi IWAKURA.

• そして戦闘員と一般農民の区別がまだ生じていなかった為に、当時の関東の合戦は、敵の本拠地、「営所」を攻撃するだけでなく、「与力伴類の舎宅、員（かず）の如く焼き払う」という焦土戦術がとられた。
• In addition, fighters and normal peasants were not segregated, the battle at Kanto was to not only to attack the 'camp' of the enemy, but was to 'burn down the residence and servants' and used the battle technique to burn everything to ashes.

• 1923年の関東大震災では、身体の動作を妨げる構造である和服を着用していた女性の被害が多かったことから、翌1924年に「東京婦人子供服組合」が発足し、女性の服装にも西洋化が進むことになる。
• When the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred in 1923, a great number of women in Japanese clothing were victimized because of the nature of Japanese clothing that restricts movement of the body; in the next year 1924, 'Tokyo Women and Children Clothing Association' started, and since then, clothing for Japanese women has been westernized.

• 塩分濃度については、2001年10月28日放送『所さんの目がテン!』（テーマ：大阪うどん うす味の謎）にて、関西（大阪）と関東（東京）にある店のうどんつゆの醤油使用量と塩分濃度を調査した。
• In a TV program broadcasted on October 28, 2001 'Tokoro san no Megaten' (theme: Mystery of bland taste of Udon noodles served in Osaka), the amount of soy sauce and salt involved in soup broth were studied by comparing the Udon noodles cooked by Udon noodle shops in the Kansai region (Osaka) and those in the Kanto region (Tokyo).

• 天正12年（1584年）の小牧・長久手の戦いや天正18年（1590年）の小田原征伐でも軍功を挙げたため、征伐後に家康が関東に移されると、下総国相馬郡 (下総国)守谷市に1万石を与えられた。
• He had many military exploits such as Battle of Komaki-Nagakute in 1584, and conquest and siege of Odawara in 1590, and these achievements brought him 10,000 koku in Moriya City Soma County, Shimousa Province when Ieyasu got transferred to Kanto after the conquest.

• しかし、近年では地球温暖化や気候変動の原因で、1990年代以降桜の開花が2002年を皮切りに記録的に早まってきており関東以西では花見の習慣が4月ではなく、前月3月に行われるようになっている。
• Meanwhile, because of global warming and climate changes in recent years, since the 1990's cherry blossoms have started to bloom earlier and since 2002 in regions west of Kanto, hanami has been held in March rather than April.

• 京の近国で、おそらくは京の法律の専門家とも連携しやすい尾張国だから訴訟で済んだものの、その前後の関東ではおそらく同様の国司と国人（負名経営者と郡司、在庁官人）との軋轢は戦乱にまでなっている。
• While Motonaga got off without litigation because Owari Province was near the capital Kyoto that provided an easier access to law specialists, if a similar conflict had happened in the Kanto region between kokushi and people in his province (fumyo - tiller of public rice fields) managers, gunji, and zaichokanjin - the local officials), it would have amounted to a war.

• 百戰千鬪の功を樹て､武名を関東に揚げたる名門の裔なるを以て､君及嚴父の國事を憂ふるもの､蓋偶然に非ざるを知るべし､君は慶應元年､崎陽に遊學して醫術を長崎醫学校の前身たる『養生所』に研究する。
• Since being from such noble family which ancestor had established great achievement in many battles and their names as samurai had spread among Kanto region, it is not surprising that his father was worried about national affairs; in 1865 he went to Kiyo (Nagasaki)and studied medicine at the 'Yojosho' which later became Nagasaki Medical School.

• その「私営田経営者」の時代に平将門の祖父・平高望らが関東に下向したのは板東群盗を押さえる為といわれるが、彼ら中央から下った軍事貴族は、国司と私営田領主の紛争解決の担い手としても位置づけられた。
• It is said that TAIRA no Takamochi, who was the grandfather of TAIRA no Masakado, and others went to Kanto region to capture gangs of robbers in Bando during the period of 'Shieiden Managers,' but military aristocrats like them that came from capital had the main duty to settle the conflict between the governor and the lord of Shieiden.

• 織田家と友好関係だった北条家が、北条氏直率いる5万6,000の兵で織田領上野に侵攻し、織田四天王の１人で関東管領・滝川一益率いる２万を神流川の戦いで撃破し、滝川一益は本拠地の伊勢まで敗走する。
• The Hojo clan, who had an amicable relationship with the Oda clan, invaded Oda's territory Ueno with army 56,000 strong led by Ujinao HOJO, defeated the army 20,000 strong lead by Kanto Kanrei (A shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, one of the big four of Oda, at the Battle of Kannagawa River, and Kazumasu TAKIGAWA was routed to his home ground Ise.

• 徳川家康は豊臣政権時代から自領である関東地方を中心に統教権に基づき個別寺院あるいは宗派ごとに対する法規を定めた規制を行ってきたが、これは分国法の延長から幕藩体制の法制への過渡的なものであった。
• Since the time of the Toyotomi government, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA had enforced regulations grounded in tokyo-ken upon each temple or sect in his domain centering on the Kanto region but this policy was only a transitional process from an extension of bunkokuho to the legislation for the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate.

• 建保2年（1214年）（流罪を赦免より3年後）、関東での布教活動の為、家族や性信（しょうしん）などの門弟と共に越後を出発し、信濃国の善光寺から上野国佐貫庄を経て、常陸（茨城県北東部）に向かう。
• In 1214 (three years after the pardon), Shinran left Echigo with his family and some disciples such as Shoshin to preach his teachings to the people in the Kanto region, and they made their way from the Zenko-ji Temple in Shinano Province, through Sanuki no sho in Kozuke Province to Hitachi (present northeast area of Ibaraki Prefecture).

• こうした動きに対し、親鸞の関東における門弟の系譜を継ぐ佛光寺7世の了源（1295年-1336年）など他の法脈は、佛光寺や専修寺などを根拠地として、次第に本願寺に対抗的な立場を取ることになった。
• Against his movement, Ryogen (1295-1336), the seventh head-priest of Bukko-ji Temple, who succeeded the lineage of Shinran's disciples in Kanto region, and other Homyaku gradually took an opposing stance against Hongan-ji Temple, having Bukko-ji Temple and Senju-ji Temple as their bases.

• 関東七流は、日本神話で葦原中国平定を成功させた経津主神とタケミカヅチが香取郡鹿島郡 (茨城県)地方に居ついて以降、天孫降臨より香取神宮・鹿島神宮の神職に伝承され、その7家から発すると云われる。
• It is said that Kanto-Shichiryu was established by seven Shinto priest families from Katori-jingu Shrine and Kashima-jingu Shrine to whom the art of kenjutsu had been passed on by Futsunushi no kami and Takemikazuki when these kami settled in Katori county and Kashima county (Ibaragi Prefecture) after the conquest of Ashihara no nakatsukuni due to the tenson korin (descent of the grandson of the sun goddess).

• 鶴岡八幡宮流鏑馬（神奈川県鎌倉市、鎌倉まつり）、三浦道寸まつり笠懸（神奈川県三浦市）、明治神宮流鏑馬神事（東京都渋谷区、秋の大祭）など、関東地方を中心に活動するほか、海外での公演も行っている。
• They are active around mainly Kanto area such as in Tsuruoka Hachiman-gu Shrine Yabusame (Kamakura Festival, Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture), Miura Dosun Matsuri Kasagake (Miura City, Kanagawa Prefecture) and Meiji-jingu Shrine Yabusame Shinto Ritual (Autumn big Festival, Shibuya-ku Ward, Tokyo Metropolis) but they also have overseas performances.

• 近年では『吾妻鏡』によると、元は関東にいた御家人で、玉井氏・忍氏・岡部氏・滝瀬氏ら武蔵七党の横山党や猪俣党と並ぶ家柄であり、もともとは利根川流域に基盤をもつ東国武士の有力集団の一派だったという。
• Recently, it has been noted that the record on 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) states that originally they were one of the powerful samurai groups in the eastern part of Japan, Togoku Samurai, who were based in the area of Tonegawa River and also gokenin (an immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods)who belonged to an upper class like Tamai clan, Okabe clan, Nin clan and Takise clan from the Musashi-shichito Parties such as Yokoyama Party or Inomata Party (seven parties of samurai in Musashi Province).

• そうした状況の中で、伊豆国に流罪となっていた源頼朝は、同年8月に挙兵し石橋山の戦いで敗れたが、逃亡先の安房国から上総・下総を行軍する間に、関東一円の平氏系の武士団（坂東平氏）らの支持を獲得した。
• It was to be in these circumstances that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who had been exiled to Izu Province raised an army in August of the same year was defeated in the Battle of Ishibashiyama but while marching from Awa Province, to which he had fled, to Kazusa Province and Shimousa Province, he gained the support of a Taira clan lineage samurai group (Bando-Heishi clan) active throughout the Kanto region.

• 徳川家康の帰依を受け、1624年（寛永元年）江戸霊巌島（東京都中央区）に霊巌寺 (東京都江東区)を創建、1657年（明暦3年）の江戸の大火で全焼し江戸深川に移転、のち関東十八檀林の一つとなった。
• He accepted Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's becoming a believer and built Reigan-ji Temple (Koto Ward, Tokyo) on Reigan-jima island in Chuo Ward, Tokyo in 1624; however, the temple was burnt down by the Great Fire of Edo in 1657 and the temple moved to Fukagawa, Edo, and after that the temple became one of the Kanto juhachi danrin (eighteen temples for studying the Jodo Sect determined by the Edo government).

• 関東をはじめ関西以外ではこの風習は希であり、女紋という文化のないところでは婚姻に際し、習慣の違いからしばしば難色を示される場合もあるという（嫁いだのであるから当家の家紋を用いるべきという理由）。
• In regions like Kanto, except for Kansai, this custom is seldom seen so, that in places that do not practice the custom of Onnnamon, some families show disapproval of marriage because of custom differences (they insist that a bride should use her husband's family's Kamon).

• 元々は関東周辺のみで食されていた地域色の強い食品であったが、戦後になって東京の紀文食品が「紀文のはんぺん」として全国的に販売するようになって以降は、この白いはんぺんが「はんぺん」として定着した。
• It was originally eaten only in Kanto and other surrounding area and had strong local influence, however after Kibun Food Inc of Tokyo started selling it as 'Kibun's Hanpen' to all other areas in Japan, this white Hanpen became well known as Hanpen.

• 1923年（大正12年）9月1日の関東大震災で自身も被災するが一命を取りとめ、全壊した築地本願寺の再建、震災による負傷者・孤児の救援活動（「あそか病院」などの設立）などさまざまな事業を推進した。
• After narrowly escaping death in the Great Kanto Earthquake of September 1, 1923, she promoted many projects such as the reconstruction of the completely destroyed Tsukiji Hongwan-ji Temple and activities to aid the seriously injured and the orphaned (establishment of the 'Asoka Hospital').

• 平将門の天慶の乱、『今昔物語集』巻第二五第九「源頼信の朝臣、平忠恒を責めたる話」、そしてその後長く関東を疲弊させた平忠常の乱も国司と国人の抗争であり「百姓」がただの農民ではないことが見て取れる。
• Incidents such as the War of Tengyo by TAIRA no Masakado, an episode in 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu' (The Tale of Times Now Past) Volume 25 Section 9 'a story of MINAMOTO no Yorinobu no Asomi attacking TAIRA no Tadatsune,' and TAIRA no Tadatsune War, which exhausted the Kanto region for years, all represented conflicts between kokushi and the indigenous people, indicating that 'peasants' were not just mere farmers.

• 兄、義忠が都に戻るのと入れ替わりに河内源氏の本拠地、河内国石川を守るようになる（長兄の源義宗は夭折。次兄の源義親は乱を起こし討伐された。三兄の源義国は関東で叔父の源義光と合戦し勅勘を蒙り謹慎）。
• When his brother Yoshitada returned to the capital, Yoshitoki began to guard Ishikawa of Kawachi Province, the base of the Kawachi-Genji for Yoshitada (the oldest brother MINAMOTO no Yoshimune had died young, the second oldest brother MINAMOTO no Yoshichika had been killed for raising a rebellion, and the third oldest brother MINAMOTO no Yoshikuni had been being confined by the Imperial order for having a battle against his uncle MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu in the Kanto region.

• 天文年間には甲相駿三国同盟を背景とした甲斐の武田信玄による信濃侵攻と相模の北条氏康による北関東侵攻が本格化しており、甲相同盟により相互に出兵した両者の侵攻により、景虎は二正面作戦を余儀なくされる。
• In the Tenbun era, invasions of Shinano by Shingen TAKEDA, Kai Province, and of Kita Kanto (Northern Kanto) by Ujiyasu HOJO, Sagami Province, were implemented full-scale against a backdrop of Ko So Sun Sangoku Domei (tripartite of Kai-Sagami- Suruga alliance), and due to these invasions by both parties which dispatched troops to each other under the Koso Alliance (an alliance between the Takeda clan in Kai Province and the Hojo clan in Sagami Province), Kagetora was forced to take a double front strategy.

• 関東ベエ・奥州ベエたちは、秋の収穫を済ませてから旅立ったため小辺路を通行する頃にはすっかり厳冬期にはいっており、しばしば「雪が三尺も積もった峠を平気で越えて、萱小屋や大股や水ヶ峯の宿屋に泊まった」。
• Such kanto-be and oshu-be began their trips after finishing harvests in Autumn, therefore they had to walk Kohechi in midwinter, however, 'most of them crossed passes on which snow lay about 90.9 centimeters high without any difficulties and stayed at inns in Kayagoya, Omata or Mizugamine'.

• 関東を意識しての話しとなるが、記録に残る開発領主となった武士らが、戦闘集団である「武士団」を組織したとき、それはかき集めた農民兵ではなく、また「傭兵」でもなく、領主間で私的に結ばれた戦闘集団である。
• When the bushi became kaihatsu-ryoshu and formed the 'bushidan' military group in the Kanto region, they were not peasant soldiers, 'mercenaries,' but a privately contracted fighting group of manor lords.

• メジャーな酒屋と違って、マイナーではあるが独自の投資経営技術で関東から東北にかけて幅広く小さな酒蔵や造り酒屋をたくさん展開した、近江商人の江州蔵（ごうしゅうぐら）という酒屋の形態も忘れてはならない。
• The sakaya style called Goshugura described in the following should be also remembered: Being minor unlike the sakaya that was major, Omi shonin (merchants in the Omi Province) deployed many small-sized sake-factories and tsukuri-zakaya throughout the Kanto to Tohoku regions using their own business management technology.

• それは樹齢30年ごろから多く花粉を飛ばす早生品種ではなく、樹齢50年ごろから多く花粉を飛ばす晩生品種といわれており、それが真実であれば関東以西ではヒノキのみならずスギ花粉もさらに増加する心配がある。
• It is said that this is not an early season cultivar that disperses pollen from around the age of 30 years but a late season cultivar that disperses pollen from around age 50 years and, if this is true, then there is a concern that pollen from not only Japanese cypress trees but also from Japanese cedar trees will increase in the west of the Kanto region.

• 関東地方においては「小紋」という武士の裃（かみしも）に使われている柄も、これと同様の用途で用いることができるが、関西方面においては江戸小紋は色無地ではなく「小紋」の位置づけがなされている場合もある。
• In the Kanto region, the type of kimono with the pattern called 'komon' (kimono with fine pattern) which is used in the kamishimo (samurai costume, old ceremonial costume) may be used for similar purposes, but in the Kansai region, Edo-komon (fine patterns utilized in Edo) may sometimes be treated as 'komon' rather than iromuji.

• また、直接の軍事行動で敗北は殆どなかったものの、占領地を直接支配しなかったがために謙信が帰国するたび関東衆の離反を許すこととなり、北条・武田に対しての長期戦略は上野の一部を得るにとどまってしまった。
• Kenshin was seldom defeated in direct military activities, as he did not directly rule in the occupied territories he forgave people who were estranged, and this happened whenever he returned to his province, in long-term strategies he only obtained part of Kozuke Province from the Hojo clan and the Takeda clan.

• 頼朝には、自らの支持勢力の権利を確保することが求められており、実際に頼朝は、志田義広、新田義重、佐竹氏や足利忠綱といった関東在住の非支持勢力を排除するか、もしくは、屈服させることに非常に尽力している。
• Yoritomo was asked to maintain the rights for his supporting forces and spent much effort on eliminating or subduing forces based in Kanto that did not support him, such as Yoshihiro SHIDA, Yoshishige NITTA, the Satake clan and Tadatsuna ASHIKAGA.

• 現在では、花園神社（東京都新宿区）、大國魂神社 (府中市)（東京都府中市 (東京都)）、鴻神社（埼玉県鴻巣市）、寂光院（群馬県桐生市）など、関東地方各地の社寺で大鳥神社を勧請し、酉の市が行われている。
• Now, shrines and temples all over the Kanto region, including Hanazono-jinja Shrine (in Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo), Okunitama-jinja Shrine (in Fuchu City, Tokyo), Ko-jinja Shrine (in Konosu City, Saitama Prefecture), and Jakko-in Temple (in Kiryu City, Gunma Prefecture), enshrine the divided spirit of the enshrined deity of the Otori-jinja Shrine and hold Tori no ichi.

• 具体的には、「いざ鎌倉」などに代表される緊急時の軍役、内裏の警護である大番役、幕府の警護である大番役、後の元寇の頃には異国警固番役や長門警固番役という形で行われ、また関東御公事と言われる経済負担もあった。
• Specifically, there was military service during emergencies such as 'Iza, Kamakura' (mobilization to Kamakura at the time of emergency), Obanyaku (the job of guarding Kyoto) to protect for dairi (Imperial Palace) or bakufu, Ikokukeigobanyaku and Nagato keigoban during later Mongol invasions, and Kanto-mikuji which was an economic burden.

• 正徳6年2月18日（1716年4月10日）には納采の儀を済ませるも、そのわずか2ヶ月後の享保元年4月30日（1716年6月19日））に家継が死去したため、史上初の武家への皇女降嫁、関東下向には至らなかった。
• After the ceremony of exchanging betrothal presents was held on April 10, 1716, Ietsugu died just after two months after the ceremony on June 19, 1716, the descending marriage from the Imperial Princess to the Samurai family, the first time in the history, going to Kanto did not happen.

• 川・堀の水路網と蔵は江戸を象徴する町並の特徴であり、蔵造りの町並が残された川越市、栃木市、佐原市などの関東地方の河港都市は、江戸に似た構造という点や江戸と交流が深かったという点から「小江戸」と呼ばれている。
• Channel networks of rivers and moats and kura (the earthen-walled storehouses) characterized the Edo cityscape, and those river port cities in the Kanto area where the kura cityscape have survived such as Kawagoe, Tochigi, and Sawara are called 'small Edo' for their architectural resemblance to Edo and the fact that these cities were actively traded with Edo.

• 装飾古墳の分布については、全国に600ぐらいあり、その半数以上に当たる340基が九州地方に、100基が関東地方に、50基が山陰地方に、40基が近畿地方に、約40基が東北地方にあり、その他は7県に点在している。
• As for the distribution, there are about 600 decorated tombs across Japan, more than half of which, 340 tombs are in Kyushu region, 100 in Kanto region, 50 in Sanin region, 40 in Kinki region, about 40 in Tohoku region and the rest of them are sparsely in seven prefectures.

• 尊氏が没した半年後の1358年（正平 (日本)13年/延文3年）、尊氏の子で鎌倉公方の足利基氏と関東管領の畠山国清によって送りこまれた竹沢右京亮と江戸氏により、義興と主従13人は、多摩川の矢口渡で謀殺される。
• A half year after Takauji passed away, in 1358, Yoshitoki and his 13 servants were murdered premeditatedly at Yaguchi no Watashi (Yaguchi Ferry) of Tama-gawa River by Takesawa, who was the Ukyo no Suke (Assistant Master of the Western Capital Offices), and Edo clan members sent by Motouji ASHIKAGA, who was a child of Takauji and was the Kamakura kubo (Governor general of the Kanto region), and Kunikiyo HATAKEYAMA, who was the Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region).

• この中で「寅の刻、信濃の前司行光上洛す。これ六條宮・冷泉宮両所の間、関東将軍として下向せしめ御うべきの由、禅定二位家申せしめ給うの使節なり。」とあり、政子の使者として朝廷に赴き、その交渉を行っていることである。
• The article describes that 'Yukimitsu, the former official of Shinano Province, left for the capital (Kyoto) at Tora no koku (from 3am to 5am), on a mission to convey the message of Zenjo Nii ke who requested that Rokujo no Miya and Reizei no Miya go to Kamakura as Kanto Shogun', which indicates that he was sent to the imperial court as an envoy of Masako and negotiated with them.

• 西日本から関東地方に波及した二毛作の技術や牛馬耕、水車などを利用した灌漑施設の整備や肥料の発達などは生産力を向上させ、さらに農業技術の進歩で集約的・多角的な農業を行い、自立農民の成長を促して郷村制の成立をもたらす。
• New agricultural techniques were gradually introduced to the Kanto from western Japan, including irrigation techniques that utilized the planting of two crops a year, oxen and horses to plow, and water wheels, as well as increased production and use of manure fertilizer, leading to improved crop production; moreover, more concentrated and diverse agricultural efforts were launched thanks to advances in agricultural technology, which led to the development of a system of villages that spurred the growth of self-reliance among farmers.

• 天皇はその後も密かに倒幕を志し、醍醐寺の文観や法勝寺の円観などの僧を近習に近づけ、元徳2年（1329年）には中宮の御産祈祷と称して密かに関東調伏の祈祷を行い、興福寺や延暦寺など南都の寺社に赴いて寺社勢力と接近する。
• Even after this frustrating incident, the Emperor, who formed a plot to overthrow the Shogunate, closely associated with monks such as Monkan of Godai-ji Temple and Enkan of Hossho-ji Temple. In 1329 he offered a prayer in private wishing for control over the Kanto district, with the excuse that the prayer was for his wife's easy delivery. With this excuse he made use of visits to temples in the northern part of Kyoto, such as Kofuku-ji Temple and Enryaku-ji Temple, to make contact with influential religious persons.

• これは、当時の関東では土地はいくらでもあり、要は土地を耕す労働力の編成が問題なのであって、敵を滅ぼすとは、その敵の兵力であり、同時に労働力であるそれら与力伴類にダメージを与えて四散させることが重要であったのである。
• It was because there were such a great amount of land in Kanto, and the labor organization that cultivated the land was a problem, and damaging and scattering yoriki (police sergeant) consisting of both the military and labor force of the enemy was required in order to annihilate the enemy.

• 関東地方以北および中国地方以西では三杯酢あるいは三杯酢をかけた物にからしを添えて、近畿地方では黒砂糖をかけて単体又は果物などと共に、東海地方では箸一本で、主に三杯酢をかけた物にゴマを添えて食べるのが一般的とされる。
• Commonly in the north of Kanto region and in the west of Chugoku region, tokoroten is served with sanbaizu (vinegar, soy sauce and mirin (or sugar) mixed in roughly equal proportions) poured over it, or with sanbaizu poured over it and with mustard; in the Kinki region, muscovado sugar is sprinkled over it when served, and sometimes fruit is served together; in the Tokai region, it is eaten using only one chopstick, usually by pouring sanbaizu over it and adding sesame thereto.

• そこで高橋は幕府に伊能を推薦し、当時ロシア帝国南下の脅威に備えて海岸線防備を増強する必要があった蝦夷地（現在の北海道）の測量を兼ねて、その往復の北関東・東北地方を測量することで子午線1度の測定を行わせるよう願い出た。
• Thus TAKAHASHI recommended INO to the Bakufu and asked for permission to measure a degree of the meridian by surveying North Kanto and Tohoku regions on his way to and from Ezochi (inhabited area of Ainu, the present Hokkaido) which he would survey as well because coastal defense had to be strengthened there in case of an advance southward of the Russian Empire.

• 先の藤原利仁も、平将門の祖父の平髙望も、あるいはそれ以前に関東進出を果たしていた嵯峨源氏も、そうした「群盗蜂起」に対する治安維持の為に、京の貴族社会の中で武勇に優れたものが下向し、治安維持に当たったものと見られている。
• FUJIWARA no Toshihito, who lived earlier, TAIRA no Takamochi, who was the grandfather of TAIRA no Masakado, and Saga-Genji (Minamoto clan) that entered Kanto region even earlier than all of them sent one within the aristocratic society of Kyoto that excelled in martial arts to travel to districts to deal with the 'increase in robberies' for the sake of public peace.

• その居城である坂戸城は、越後府中（現在の上越市直江津地区）と関東平野を結ぶ陸上交通の抑えとして、また、魚野川を利用した河川交通の要所として、さらに魚沼の穀倉地帯を擁する経済上の要地として、重要な役割を担うこととなった。
• The Sakato-jo castle which the clan used as its base played important roles because of the following reasons: It was located at a place enabling the control of overland traffic connecting Echigo-Fuchu (present Naoetsu area of Joetsu City) and the Kanto Plain, was located at a strategic place for traffic using the Uono-gawa River and was also at a strategic place economically, centering on rice production in the Uonuma area.

• 蔵や店舗は自前の所有であったが、たとえば関東地方から東北地方に点在した江州蔵（ごうしゅうぐら）のように、はるか遠方に住む経営者が資本を持ち、派遣された蔵人が必要に応じて土地の労働者を季節雇用して営んでいるところもある。
• Warehouses and shops were already owned but, for example, the Kanto region through to northern Japan was dotted with Goshu warehouses which were owned by entrepreneurs in distant places where brewery workers sent to the locales would be employed on a seasonal basis as required.

• 「明徳記」は1391年の明徳の乱の経過が書かれている、「応永記」には1399年の応永の乱や南北朝合体の記述が、「永享記」には永享の乱を中心とした関東の情勢が、「応仁記」には足利義政の治世から応仁の乱の様子が記されている。
• The 'Meitokuki' (Chronicle of the Meitoku Era) records the events and aftermath of the Meitoku Rebellion, while the 'Oeiki' (Chronicle of the Oei Era) describes the Oei Rebellion and the unification of the Northern and Southern courts; the 'Eikyoki' focuses on the situation in the Kanto, especially vis-a-vis the Eikyo Rebellion, whereas the 'Oninki' records the circumstances of the period from Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA's reign up until the Onin War.

• これらの事から、鉄道交通関連の店舗において関ヶ原より東京側の名古屋駅、岐阜駅、大垣駅の各駅付近以東では関東風の醤油醤油の種類と特徴など、関ヶ原を越えた米原駅より大阪側は醤油醤油の種類と特徴などを使用していると考えられる。
• Based on these reports, as for Udon noodles shops relating to the railway, it is conceivable that those ranging from Tokyo to Sekigahara, namely shops in Nagoya Station, Gifu Station, Ogaki Station and other stations spreading to the east, use Kanto-type, dark-colored soy sauce, while those ranging west from Maibara Station, namely shops in the Osaka side, use Kansai-type, light-colored soy sauce.

• イギリスに香港島を割譲、九竜・新界租借地、威海衛租借地を与え、ロシアに旅順大連租借地（後に日本が譲渡され関東州租借地）や東清鉄道利権を与え、ドイツに膠州湾租借地を、フランスに広州湾租借地を与えた他、日本に台湾を割譲した。
• Hong Kong Island was ceded to Great Britain, and Kowloon, the New Territories, and Weihaiwei were leased to this nation; the Lushun and Dalian Leased Territory (later ceded to Japan and renamed the Kwantung Leased Territory) was leased to Russia, and interests in the Eastern Chinese Railway were given to this nation; the Gouzhouwan Leased Territory was leased to Germany; the Kwangchowan Leased Territory was leased to France; and Taiwan was ceded to Japan.

• 通季の曾孫西園寺公経のとき、源頼朝の姪を妻としていたことから承久の乱に際して鎌倉幕府の縁者として警戒されて朝廷に幽閉され、かえって乱後に幕府の信任を受けて関東申次として朝廷の実権を握り、太政大臣にまでのぼって家格を高めた。
• Kintsune SAIONJI, who was a great grandson of Michisue, was confined by the imperial court during the Jokyu-no-ran War because, having married the niece of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, he was being watched over as a relative of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); after the war, however, Kintsune gained the confidence of the shogunate, wielded the real power in the imperial court through holding the office of Kanto Moshitsugi, and rose to the position of Daijo daijin (grand minister of state), raising the social standing of the Saionji Family.

• このため、住宅は画一化された様式となり、また畿内、中京、関東地方でそれぞれ畳の寸法が異なり、「京間」の六畳に対して、「中京間」は約0.9「田舎間、江戸間」は0.85の広さと、地方によって部屋の広さが異なるようになっていった。
• Therefore, the style of houses were uniformed, but the dimensions of tatami were different depending upon the regions of Kinai, Chukyo (countries around Nagoya) and Kanto, which led to the difference of the width of a room depending on the regions as the ratio of 'Chukyo-ma' (the room in the Chukyo Region) was 0.9 and the one of 'inaka-ma or edo-ma' was 0.85 against the 6 jo width of 'Kyo-ma.'

• 1367年に基氏が死去、翌年、憲顕が上洛した隙に蜂起した河越直重らの武蔵平一揆武蔵平一揆の乱に対しては政治工作で対抗、関東管領を継いだ犬懸上杉家上杉朝房が幼少の足利氏満を擁して川越城に出陣し鎮圧するのを助けた（1368年）。
• Motouji died in 1367, and a year later when Noriaki proceeded to the capital, the Musashi hei ikki Riot led by Naoshige KAWAGOE took place; Noriaki dealt with the riot in a very political way, i.e., he helped Tomofusa UESUGI of Inukake-Uesugi family, who had taken over Kanto Kanrei, take off to Kawagoe-jo Castle for suppression having young Ujimitsu ASHIKAGA as a nominal leader.

• その結果、遺跡はとくに鎌倉時代から室町時代にかけての関東武士の中世城館の様相を考察する考古資料としてきわめて重要であるとして、1984年（昭和59年）12月6日、「川越館跡」（かわごえやかたあと）の名称で国の史跡に指定された。
• As a result, the ruins are considered extremely important as historical data providing a picture of the medieval castles and buildings of the Kanto warriors particularly from the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period, and on December 6, 1984, the site was designated a site of national historical importance under the name 'Kawagoe-yakata ruins.'

• しかし、戦国時代 (日本)初頭の長享の乱の際に関東管領上杉顕定が河越城を攻撃するために7年にわたって上戸に陣を置いたと伝えられており、上戸においてそれだけ長期間において陣が構えられる場所は河越館以外に考えられないとされている。
• However, it is said that in the Chokyo War at the beginning of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), Akisada UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (A shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), maintained an outpost in Uwado for seven years in order to attack Kawagoe-jo Castle, and it is hard to imagine the location for such an outpost maintained for so long in Uwado being anywhere other than Kawagoe-yakata.

• 1436年、幕府の分国である信濃国の守護小笠原政康と豪族の村上頼清が領地を巡って争い、持氏は鎌倉に支援を求めた村上氏を助けて出兵しようとするが、憲実は信濃は関東公方の管轄外であるとして諌め出兵を阻止し、合戦は小笠原氏が勝利する。
• In 1436, Masayasu OGASAWARA, a provincial constable of Shinano Province under control of Bakufu and the local ruling family, Yorikiyo MURAKAMI, disputed over territories, and Mochiuji attempted to dispatch troops to save the Murakami clan who asked Kamakura Bakufu for support, however, Norizane protested against him, saying that Shinano was beyond Kanto Kanrei's jurisdiction and prevented the dispatch of troops, and the Ogasawara clan won in this battle.

• 1335年（建武 (日本)2年）には、鎌倉時代に関東申次を務め、北条氏と繋がりがあった公家の西園寺公宗や日野氏らが京都に潜伏していた北条高時の弟北条泰家（時興）を匿い、持明院統の後伏見天皇を擁立して政権転覆を企てた陰謀が発覚する。
• In 1335, a conspiracy became apparent in which court noble Kinmune SAIONJI and the Hino clan, who had a relationship with the Hojo clan since they served as kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu) during the Kamakura period, sheltered Yasuie (Tokioki) HOJO, a younger brother of Takatoki HOJO who was in hiding in Kyoto, and attempted to overthrow the government in support of Emperor Gofushimi of the Jimyoin line.

• 現在でも観光地などでのアイスクリーム売りやパンの移動販売、郊外から都心へ通う行商人（関東圏では千葉の行商人が良く知られる存在である）公園付近で定置で営業するおでんの屋台、祭りや縁日の的屋業などは地方、都心に限らず健在な地域も多い。
• Even today, ice cream sellers, mobile bakeries, peddlers coming into the city from the suburbs (in the Kanto area, peddlers from Chiba are well-known), oden (a Japanese dish containing all kinds of ingredients cooked in a special broth of soy sauce, sugar, and sake) yatai doing business in a fixed location near parks, and tekiya at festivals and fairs remain common not only in inner-cities, but in various regions.

• これに不満を抱いた後深草院は、翌建治元年（1275年）、太上天皇の尊号辞退と出家の意思を表明し、時の関東申次で後深草院寄りの西園寺実兼が執権北条時宗と折衝し、後深草天皇の皇子熈仁親王（伏見天皇）を同年中に立太子させることに成功した。
• The Gofukakusa in was not happy about the situation, he demonstrated his dissatisfaction by declining from his position as the retired emperor and to receive the respected name in 1275, Sanekane SAIONJI, who was the Kanto Moshitsugi in this period and favored the Retired Emperor Gofukakusa, negotiated with the regent, Tokimune HOJO, he succeeded to have Gofukakusa's Prince, Imperial Prince Hirohito (the Emperor Fushimi) to become Crown Prince in the same year.

• ところが、尊氏が死ぬと鎌倉公方であった足利基氏（尊氏の子）は自分の腹心でありながら観応の擾乱では尊氏と敵対した前上野・越後守護職上杉憲顕を強引に関東管領に復帰させた上に、上杉憲顕が上野・越後守護職を氏綱から強引に返還させようとした。
• After Takauji died, however, Motouji ASHIKAGA (Takauji's son), the Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) forcibly reinstated the former Kozuke and Echizen Shugoshoku, Noriaki UESUGI, who was his trusted retainer but an opponent of Takauji in the Kanno Disturbance, as the Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), and Noriaki UESUGI tried to make Ujitsuna return the post of Shugoshoku to him.

• これに対し浪人衆の真田信繁は、まず畿内を制圧し、近江国の淀川まで軍を進め、ここで関東から進軍してくる徳川軍を迎え撃ち、足止めしている間に諸大名を味方につけ、その見込みが無いときに初めて城に立て籠もって戦う、二段構えの作戦を主張した。
• In contrast, Nobushige SANADA, one of the ronin shu, asserted a two-stage strategy that they should bring down Kinai region under control, then move troops to Yodo River in Omi Province, fight the Tokugawa Army coming from Kanto region and while the Tokugawa army were hung up they should win a number of daimyo over to their side, and if that was impossible, they should stay in the castle and fight them.

• 中世期の石塔は、それまでのもろい凝灰岩から硬質の花崗岩や安山岩の利用といった材質の変化、また関東に入った大蔵系石工の活躍、技術の進歩、大陸から入った禅宗を含む鎌倉新仏教の台頭などによって、複雑な形を持った新たな形式が数多く登場した。
• There appeared various new, elaborately shaped types of pagodas in the medieval period, chiefly because the quality of the materials in use had changed; hard stones such as granite and Anzangan rock (andesite) were substituted for a fragile stone called tuff (volcanic tuff); a mason of the Okura group entered the Kanto region and actively worked; the technologies advanced; and the Kamakura New Buddhism (new schools of Japanese Buddhism founded during the Kamakura period), including the Zen sect from the continent, evolved.

• また、具材でも薩摩揚げのことを「はんぺん」と呼ぶことが一般的だったが、最近ではテレビメディアや全国展開するコンビニエンスストアなどの影響で、関東煮（かんとに）をおでんと言い換え、わずかながらも薩摩揚げとはんぺんを区別するようになった。
• Although Satsuma-age as an ingredient was generally called 'hanpen,' recent influences from TV and nation-wide convenience stores have caused differentiation between Satsuma-age and hanpen, though to a small extent, and the name 'Kanto ni' has been replaced with 'Oden.'

• 武蔵松山城 (武蔵国)を攻め落とし、永禄4年（1561年）3月に関東管領・上杉憲政を擁して長野業正、小山秀綱、小田氏治、那須資胤、佐竹義重 (十八代当主)、太田資正、三田綱秀、成田長泰ら旧上杉家家臣団10万の大軍で小田原城を包囲する。
• Kagetora captured Musashi Matsuyama-jo Castle (Musashi Province), and in March 1561, supported Norimasa UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei, and besieged Odawara-jo Castle with a large force consisting of 100,000 vassals of old Uesugi clan such as Narimasa NAGANO, Hidetsuna OYAMA, Ujiharu ODA, Suketane NASU, Yoshishige SATAKE (the 18th family head), Sukemasa OTA, Tsunahide MITA, Nagayasu NARITA and so on.

• ちなみに武蔵型とは秩父・長瀞地域から産出される緑泥片岩という青みがかった石材で造られたものをさすが、阿波周辺域からも同様の石材が産出するため、主に関東平野に流通する緑泥片岩製の板碑を武蔵型、四国近辺に流通していたものを阿波型と分類している。
• By the way, Musashi-style means something made of bluish stone material called chrolite schist produced in Chichibu/Nagatoro area, but as similar stone material is produced in and around Awa, itahi made of chrolite schist distributed in the Kanto Plain are classified as Musashi-style and those distributed in and around Shikoku are classified as Awa-style.

• また、東京等の関東圏では、具材はナポリタンとほぼ同じだが、ケチャップを使わず、ただ塩とコショウ（や醤油等）で味付けし、油炒めしたスパゲッティを「イタリアン」と呼ぶ事もある（こちらもパスタの本場、イタリアには存在しない、日本独自の料理である）。
• Additionally, in the Kanto region including Tokyo, deep-fried spaghetti flavored with salt and pepper (soy sauce) only and without ketchup is sometimes called 'Italian,' which is also a dish unique to Japan and not seen in Italy.

• 外地郵便貯金・外地郵便為替・外地郵便振替貯金...朝鮮、台湾、関東州、樺太、千島列島、南洋群島、小笠原諸島、火山列島、硫黄鳥島、伊平屋村及び北緯27度以南の南西諸島（大東諸島を含む）にあった郵便局で扱われたもの（軍事郵便貯金等特別処理法第2条）。
• Gaichi postal saving, Gaichi money order, Gaichi money order saving ⋯ Services provided by the postal offices located in Korea, Taiwan, the Kwangtung Leased Territory, Sakhalin, Kurile Islands, the South Sea islands, Ogasawara Islands, Volcano Islands, Iotori Island, Iheya-Village and a part of Nansei Islands located below 27 degrees north latitude including Daito Islands (Article 2 of the Act on Special Treatment of Military Postal Savings, etc.).

• そもそもの発端は、平将門の叔父達の「婿入り先」であって、それによって平将門の叔父達は関東、特に常陸国、上総国、下総国、武蔵国などに地盤を築いたと見られ、その「婿入り先」同士の利害対立が、平将門と叔父、従兄弟同士の抗争に結びついていった形跡がある。
• It originally started with the 'family the groom married into' uncles of the TAIRA no Masakado, and uncles of TAIRA no Masakado built a structure in Kanto region especially in Hitachi, Kazusa, Shimousa, and Musashi Provinces, and there was a trace that the conflict of interest between 'places where the grooms married' led to the struggle between TAIRA no Masakado, his uncle, and cousins.

• 1333年（元弘3/正慶2）、反幕府勢力の討伐のために京都へ派遣された有力御家人の足利尊氏が、一転して後醍醐側へつき六波羅探題を落とすと、新田義貞が上野国で挙兵し、これに呼応した関東の御家人たちと鎌倉を攻略して、鎌倉幕府と北条氏は滅亡した（元弘の乱）。
• In 1333, when a senior vassal named Takauzi ASHIKAGA who had been dispatched to Kyoto to eliminate the anti-bakufu forces defected to the Godaigo faction and deposed the Rokuhara Tandai, Yoshisada NITTA raised an army in Kozuke Province and with Kanto gokenin, who agreed to this, captured Kamakura and thus overthrew the Kamakura bakufu and the Hojo clan (Genko War).

• この介入は、執権北条時宗が後深草の立場に同情したためという説明が当時からなされている（『増鏡』）ほか、得宗と治天の交渉を仲介する立場にある関東申次西園寺実兼が亀山父子よりも後深草父子と親しかったため、後深草にとって有利な解決をはかったことも指摘されている。
• Other than the explanation for this intervention that has been given since it happened that the Regent Tokimune HOJO sympathized with Gofukakusa's situation ('Masukagami' (The Clear Mirror)), it has been pointed out that the Kanto Moshitsugi, Sanekane SAIONJI, who was in the position to mediate between Tokimune and the Chiten, was more intimate with the Gofukakusa father and son than the Kameyama father and son and could have worked for a more advantageous solution for Gofukakusa.

• 当時の政府は、外国人顧問から聴いた母国の植民地法制を参考にしつつ、日本の領域 (国家)たる外地（南樺太、台湾、朝鮮）には憲法の効力が及ぶのに対し、日本の領土ではない外地（関東州、南洋群島）には憲法の効力が及ばないという考え方を前提にして、統治方針を決めた。
• The government consulted foreign advisors and, referring to the legislation systems of the advisors' home coutries, established a governing policy based on the premise that the Constitution should be in force in Gaichi which were included in Japan's territories (Southern Sakhalin, Taiwan, and Korea) and should not be in force in Gaichi which were not included in Japan's territories (the Kwantung Leased Territory and the South Sea Islands).

• 『吾妻鏡』によると、「頼家が重病のため、あとは6歳の長男一幡が継ぎ、日本国総守護と関東28ヶ国の総地頭となり、12歳の源実朝には関西38ヶ国の総地頭を譲ると発表された。しかし実朝に譲られる事に不満を抱いた能員が、実朝と北条氏討伐を企てた」（8月27日条）。
• According to the 'Azuma Kagami,' the situation is described as, 'It was announced that since Yoriie was seriously ill, his first son Ichiman, who was six years old, was hired and became the So-shugo (Master of Provincial constables) of Japan and So-jito (manager and lord of a manor) of the twenty-eight provinces in the Kanto region, while MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, who was twelve years old, became So-jito of the thirty-eight provinces in the Kansai region. However, Yoshikazu was against Sanetomo's succession and planned to kill him along with the Hojo clan' (Azuma Kagami on the section under August 27th (October 10th of the current calendar)).

• 翌1922年（大正11年）「マキノ映画製作所」と名称を変え、1923年（大正12年）9月1日の関東大震災で製作中止に追い込まれた大活から内田吐夢ら、国際活映から環歌子や阪東妻三郎が参加し、20前後の若いスタッフたちの自由な発想で作ったリアルな剣戟が人気をよぶ。
• The next year, in 1922, the company changed its name to 'Makino Eiga Seisakusho (Makino Film Studio)' and, after the Great Kanto Earthquake of September 1, 1923 Tomu UCHIDA and others from Daikatsu and Utako TAMAKI and Tsumasaburo BANDO from Kokusai Katsuei which were forced to suspend their productions, joined and its realistic sword fights, produced by young and creative staff around twenty years old, became popular.

• 憲法学者・行政法学者であった美濃部達吉は、「法律上の意義に於ての殖民地」を「国家の統治区域の一部にして内地と原則として国法を異にし」たものと定義し、「朝鮮、台湾、樺太、関東州及南洋群島が此の意義において植民地なることは疑いを容れず」と述べている（『憲法撮要』）。
• Tatsukichi MINOBE, a scholar of constitutional law and administrative law, defined 'colonies in the legal aspect'as 'a part of the national territories where different state laws were adopted' and stated, 'it was positive that Korea, Taiwan, Sakhalin, the Kwantung Leased Territory and the South Sea Islands were considered as colonies based on the above definition' ('Abstract of the Constitution').

• 8代将軍・足利義政は芸術や建築に関しては優れた才覚の持ち主であったものの、政治的関心には乏しく、自然と政治は将軍の正室・日野富子や将軍側近、有力大名らによる権力抗争の場と化し、関東で鎌倉公方の復活を巡って生じた享徳の乱が発生しても、十分な対策を打とうとはしなかった。
• The eighth Shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, while exceptionally gifted in the arts and in architectural design, had little interest in politics, so it naturally fell to his lawful wife Tomiko HINO, his inner circle of advisors, and the most powerful daimyo to rule and to solve disputes over authority; and upon the outbreak of the Kyotoku Rebellion, in which some sought to revive the fortunes of the Kubo of Kamakura, they failed to respond with sufficient force.

• 特に江戸時代は、浄土宗の関東十八檀林、日蓮宗の下総飯高檀林（千葉県匝瑳市の飯高寺）、上総宮谷檀林（千葉県大網白里町の本国寺 (千葉県大網白里町)）、京都松ヶ崎檀林（本涌寺：現在の京都市左京区の涌泉寺）、鷹峰檀林（京都市北区 (京都市)の常照寺 (京都市)）などがあった。
• Particularly during the Edo period, there were Kanto Juhachi Danrin of Jodo sect, and Shimousa Iidaka Danrin (Hankoji Temple in Sosa City, Chiba Prefecture), Kazusa Miyazaku Danrin (Honkokuji Temple in Ooamishirasatomachi, Chiba Prefecture), Kyoto Matsugasaki Danrin (Honyuji Temple, present Yusenji Temple in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City), and Takagamine Danrin (Joshoji Temple in Kita Ward, Kyoto City) of Nichiren sect.

• 孝明天皇は和宮に配慮し、江戸城へ生母の観行院、乳母の土御門藤子、女官の庭田嗣子（仁孝天皇の典侍）、鴨脚克子を同行させて精神的な不安を軽減させたほか、典薬寮の医師も数人付随させ（うち一人は降嫁後も江戸に常駐）、万が一関東の地で病を得ても都と同じ治療が受けられるようにした。
• Worrying about Princess Kazunomiya, Emperor Komei made her real mother Kangyoin, her menoto Fujiko TSUCHIMIKADO and the court lady Tsuguko NIWATA (a court lady of the first rank to Emperor Ninko), Katsuko ICHO go with her in order to lessen her mental uneasiness, and several doctors of Bureau of Medicine (one of the doctors also resided in Edo after her down-ranking marriage) so that she could receive the same treatment as in the capital in case she might get sick in Kanto area by any chance.

• 『吾妻鏡』の同日条を何処まで信用して良いのかは不明ながら、「関東評定伝」によると、18歳で既に左衛門尉となっており、同年更に従五位下に叙爵、23歳で従五位上、26歳で正五位下左衛門大尉、27歳で甲斐守という官職の昇進の早さは確かに高い家格を認められていたということになる。
• It is unknown whether the article of 'Azuma Kagami' with the same date is reliable, but according to 'Kanto Hyojoden' (an annual listing of personnel for the years 1226 and 1232 to 1284), he already became Saemon no jo (third-ranked officer of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) at the age of 18, was conferred a peerage in the same year, became Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade) at the age of 23, Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) at the age of 26, and Kai no kami (the governor of Kai Province) at the age of 27, indicating that he promoted rapidly because his high social standing was recognized.

• 一方、小売業では、1970年代頃までは松の内（関東）の頃（1月5～7日）まで休業していた店が多かったが、24時間営業のコンビニエンスストアの登場などの生活様式の変化により、開店日は早くなり、1990年代以降は元日のみ休業し、翌1月2日から短時間体制での営業を始める店が多い。
• On the other hand, until the 1970s (in the Kanto region) many retail stores used to be closed until around the end of matsu no uchi (January 5th to 7th), while the day in the new year on which retail stores started their operation became earlier due to the change of the people's lifestyles such as the appearance of convenience stores which operate 24 hours a day and, therefore, in and after the 1990s, many stores started their operation on the next day, January 2nd on a fewer-hours basis.

• 派生氏族は公家ばかりではなく、藤原道兼宇都宮氏・小田氏、藤原長家那須氏、勧修寺流上杉氏、藤原山蔭伊達氏、藤原利仁斎藤氏・加藤氏、藤原秀郷奥州藤原氏・足利氏 (藤原氏)・小山氏・結城氏・佐野氏・小野崎氏など、主に関東・北陸・東北を中心に活躍した多数の武家が藤原北家の末裔と称した。
• The derivative clan was not merely limited to court nobility but also included a large number of samurai families that had influence mainly in Kanto, Hokuriku and Tohoku, claiming to be descended from the Northern House--such as the FUJIWARA no Michikane-Utsunomiya clan, the Oda clan, the FUJIWARA no Nagaie-Nasu clan, the Uesugi clan of the Kajuji group, the Fujiwara-Yamakage-Date clan, the FUJIWARA no Toshihito-Saito clan, the Kato clan, the FUJIWARA no Hidesato-Oshu Fujiwara clan, the Ashikaga clan (the Fujiwara clan), the Oyama clan, the Yuki clan, the Sano clan and the Onosaki clan.

• 当該者の主たる営業所又は事務所（外国法人又は外国に住所を有する個人にあっては、国内における主たる営業所又は事務所）の所在地を管轄する財務局長（当該所在地が福岡財務支局の管轄区域内にある場合にあっては福岡財務支局長、当該者が国内に営業所又は事務所を有しない場合にあっては関東財務局長）
• the Director-General of the Local Finance Bureau that has jurisdiction over the location of the principal business office or principal office of said person (or the principal business office or principal office in Japan, in the case of a foreign juridical person or an individual person domiciled in a foreign state) (or the Director-General of the Fukuoka Local Finance Branch Bureau, in cases where said location falls within the jurisdictional district of the Fukuoka Local Finance Branch Bureau; or the Director-General of the Kanto Finance Bureau, in cases where said person has no business office or any other office in Japan);

• 関東地方から東北地方にかけて支配を行き渡らせるため、10月には側近の北畠親房、親房の子で鎮守府将軍・陸奥守に任命された北畠顕家が義良親王（後村上天皇）を奉じて陸奥国へ派遣されて陸奥将軍府が成立し、12月には尊氏の弟の足利直義が後醍醐皇子の成良親王を奉じて鎌倉へ派遣され、鎌倉将軍府が成立。
• In order to spread Imperial control throughout the area from the Kanto to the Tohoku regions, in the tenth month the Emperor made Akiie KITABATAKE, the son of his close associate Chikafusa KITABATAKE, the Chinjufu shogun and Protector of Mutsu Province; Chikafusa and Akiie obeyed the will of Imperial Prince Yoshinaga (later Emperor Gomurakami) and were dispatched to Mutsu Province, thereby establishing the office of shogun (general) of Mutsu, and in the twelfth month Takauji's younger brother, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, obeyed the Imperial order of Emperor Godaigo's son Imperial Prince Narinaga and was dispatched to Kamakura, where the office of shogun of Kamakura was established.

• しかし、尊氏が没し2代将軍となった足利義詮および鎌倉公方となった足利基氏兄弟は、幼少時に執事として補佐した叔父の憲顕を密かに越後守護に再任し、1362年（貞治2年）には関東管領畠山国清を罷免しこれに抵抗して領国の伊豆に籠った国清を討伐、翌年、憲顕を国清の後釜として鎌倉に召還しようとした。
• However, after Takauji died, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA who had become the 2nd shogun and Motouji ASHIKAGA who had become a Kamakura kubo, secretly made their uncle Noriaki, who had assisted them as steward in their childhood, be reassigned as Echigo Shugo (provincial constable), and in 1362 they dismissed Kanto Kanrei, Kunikiyo HATAKEYAMA, who made resistance against the treatment and barricaded himself in the territory of Izu but was eventually suppressed; and a year later, they tried to bring Noriaki back to Kamakura as Kunikiyo's replacement.

• 3世紀を通じて搬入土器の量・範囲ともに他に例がなく出土土器全体の15%は駿河・尾張・近江・北陸・山陰・吉備などで生産された搬入土器で占められ、製作地域は南関東から九州北部までの広域に拡がっており、西日本の中心的位置を占める遺跡であったことは否定できないし、人々の交流センター的な役割を果たしていたことが窺える。
• The quantity and the extent of the regions bringing in the earthenware found in Makimuku Remains throughout the 3rd century is not comparable to that of the other regions; 15% of the excavated earthenware is brought from wide variety of regions in Japan from Suruga, Owari, Ohmi, Hokuriku, Sanin to Kibi regions; thus, this particular village would have been the center of the physical distribution and the cultural exchange among communities during that period.

• 金融商品取引業者等以外の者　当該者の主たる営業所又は事務所（外国法人又は外国に住所を有する個人にあっては、国内における主たる営業所又は事務所）の所在地を管轄する財務局長（当該所在地が福岡財務支局の管轄区域内にある場合にあっては福岡財務支局長、当該者が国内に営業所又は事務所を有しない場合にあっては関東財務局長）
• a person other than a Financial Instruments Specialist, etc.:　the Director-General of the Local Finance Bureau that has jurisdiction over the location of the principal business office or principal office of said person (or the principal business office or principal office in Japan, in the case of a foreign juridical person or an individual person domiciled in a foreign state) (or the Director-General of the Fukuoka Local Finance Branch Bureau, in cases where said location falls within the jurisdictional district of the Fukuoka Local Finance Branch Bureau; or the Director-General of the Kanto Finance Bureau, in cases where said person has no business office or any other office in Japan);

• 義朝側の戦力は、三条殿襲撃に参加した源重成・源光基・源季実、信西を追捕した源光保などの同盟軍、子息の義平・源朝長・頼朝、叔父・源義隆、信濃源氏・平賀義信などの一族、鎌田正家・後藤実基・佐々木秀義などの郎等により形成され、義朝の勢力基盤である関東からは、三浦義澄・上総介広常・山内首藤氏などが参戦したに過ぎなかった。
• The warriors fighting on Yoshitomo's side included MINAMOTO no Shigenari, MINAMOTO no Mitsumoto, and MINAMOTO no Hidezane, all of whom had taken part in the raid on the Sanjo Palace, and MINAMOTO no Mitsuyasu and others who had tracked down and captured Shinzei, as well as Yoshitomo's sons Yoshihira, Tomonaga, and Yoritomo and his uncle MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka and Yoshinobu HIRAGA and others of the Shinano branch of the Minamoto clan, and his army took shape around his retainers, including Masaie KAMATA, Sanemoto GOTO, and Hideyoshi SASAKI; yet from the Kanto, the source of Yoshitomo's power, only a handful, including Yoshizumi MIURA, Hidetsune KAZUSANOSUKE (TAIRA no Hidetsune), and some warriors of the Yamanouchi-Sudo clan were present to fight with him.

• 後に「武士」として登場する、関東の開発領主達の11世紀末までの状況がどうだったかといえば、当時はその所領支配は、郡司、郷司などの公的な職の体系を媒介として、開墾を行い、村落を形成することを課題としはじめた頃であり、領地支配、あるいはその拡大において、隣接する開発領主との抗争が日常化するほどの飽和点にはまだ至ってはいない。
• The situation of kaihatsu-ryoshu in the Kanto region that later appeared as 'bushi' in the late eleventh century used soryo ruling through gunji, goji, and other public duties to start cultivating and forming villages and was not up to a saturated level to quarrel constantly with neighboring kaihatsu-ryoshu over the ruling and expansion of manors.

• 明治2年（1869年）1月25日、東京への再度の行幸を前に岩倉は、天皇の意向を知らずに政府や民間で遷都があるかのように思っている者が少なからずいるために、京都や大坂の人々の動揺が大きくなっているとし、関東諸国は王化が行き届いていないため新政を施すための再幸である旨を十分に分からせるための諭令を出すよう求める建議を行なった。
• Before the second return of the emperor to Tokyo on January 25, 1869, Iwakura believed that there were many in the government including civilians who thought of the move as a capital transition without understanding the true intentions of the emperor, and from the agitation of those in Kyoto and Osaka, held out a proposition of an expostulation edict to let everyone know the reason why the emperor was returning again to set up a new government in Kanto where his influential virtue had not been delivered in the past.

• 甲斐国武田氏領内における城を中心として見られる迎撃と射撃が補完しあう拠点としての曲輪馬出や、関東地方の後北条氏領内や九州北部地域の城を中心として見られる敵の侵攻経路を管制する堀城の堀、あるいは、火縄銃が多く流通した畿内を中心として見られる射撃拠点としての矢倉や望楼を多く伴う城など、地域ごとにさまざまな縄張りへの工夫が見られる。
• Depending on the region, various devices in nawabari (castle plan; general term for the layout of a castle and its component structures) are seen such as kuruwa umadashi (walls of a Japanese castle and it refers to one of the types of the arrangement of a defensive territory around the castle) that is mainly seen in castles in the territory of the Takeda clan in the Kai Province and which is used as a base for interception and shootings, supplementing each other, moat of horijiro (castle surrounded by a moat) for controlling the route of invasion of opponents which is mainly seen in castles in the territory of the Gohojo clan in the Kanto district or in the northern part of Kyushu, and castles with many yagura and boro (watch tower) used as bases for shooting, which are mainly seen in Kinai, in which a large number of matchlock guns were traded.

• 持氏が幕府の改元を無視すると、1431年には謝罪の使節を派遣するなど幕府との関係を憂慮し、翌1432年には鎌倉府が横領していた所領を幕府に返還し、同年に幕府で将軍義教の富士下向が協議されると、憲実は警戒して関東情勢の不穏を理由に下向の延期を促し、幕府の醍醐寺三宝院門跡満済らに進物するなど、憲実は一貫して鎌倉府と幕府との調停に努めている。
• Norizane consistently made an effort to mediate between Kamakura Government and Bakufu; when Mochiuji ignored changing the name of an era by Bakufu, Norizane worried about Mochiie's relationship with Bakufu and dispatched envoy in order to apologize about Mochiuji's behavior to Bakufu in 1431, and in the next year, 1432, he returned shoryo (territory) to Bakufu that was dispossessed by Kamakura Government, and also in the same year, Shogun Yoshinori's geko (go down to the province) to Fuji was discussed in Bakufu, Norizane urged them to postpone his geko on the lookout for disturbing situation in Kanto region, and he sent gifts to Mansai who was Monzeki (successor of a temple) of Sanbo-in of Daigo-ji Temple.

• 朝鮮若しくは台湾又は関東州、南洋群島その他日本国外の地域において有罪の言渡しを受けた者については、当分の間、第一条の二第一項の規定にかかわらず、内地（沖縄県及び樺太を除く。以下同じ。）におけるその者の本籍又は住居のある地を管轄する地方裁判所に対応する検察庁の検察官は、職権で、中央更生保護審査会に特赦、減刑又は刑の執行の免除の上申をすることができる。
• With regard to those persons against whom a judgment of conviction was rendered in Korea or Taiwan, the Guandong Province, the South Sea Islands, or other areas outside Japan, a public prosecutor of the public prosecutors office corresponding to the district court which has jurisdiction over the area where the legal domicile or place of residence in Japan (excluding Okinawa Prefecture and Sakhalin; the same shall apply hereinafter) of such person is located, may, for the time being, notwithstanding the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 1-2, petition the National Offenders Rehabilitation Commission, ex officio, for a special pardon, commutation of sentence, or remission of execution of sentence.

• 更に直後に起きた名越光時らの陰謀に頼経が関与していた事に対する連座に加えて、道家が親しくしていた雅成親王（後鳥羽天皇の皇子で承久の乱後但馬国に流されていた）が幕府によって一時帰京を許された折に、後嵯峨院と後深草天皇を排して同親王を皇位に就けようとしていたとする容疑によって、道家は関東申次の職を罷免（公経の子・西園寺実氏に交代）され、実経も摂政を罷免させられた。
• However, Michiie was dismissed from the Kanto Moshitsugi position (taken over by Saneuji SAINJI, who was the son of Kintsune) and Sanetsune from Sessho post since Yoritsune was involved with a conspiracy hatched by Mitsutoki NAGOE which happened immediately after and Imperial Prince Masanari (he was the Imperial Prince of Emperor Gotoba and was exiled to the Tajima Province after the Jokyu Rebellion), whom Michiie was close to, tried to ascended to the throne while he being granted a temporary return to Kyoto by getting rid of Gosagain (Retired Emperor Gosaga) and Emperor Gofukakusa.

• 藤木久志は著書である『雑兵たちの戦場』（朝日新聞社・1995年刊）で「上杉謙信は越後の民衆にとっては他国に戦争と言うベンチャービジネスを企画実行した救い主であるが、襲われた関東など戦場の村々は略奪を受け地獄を見た」と、通常言われる義人・上杉謙信像とは別の上杉軍の姿こそが実態であったとし、このセンセーショナルな「出稼ぎ」説は多くの識者から支持を得て広く世間に浸透した。
• In a book named 'Battle fields of zohyo' (common soldiers) (published by The Asahi Shimbun Company in 1995) written by Hisashi FUJIKI, he presented a theory that the image of the Uesugi army was different from the real Kenshin UESUGI who was usually reputed as a loyal person based on a phrase that 'Kenshin was a savior of the people in Echigo Province because he planned and implemented venture business called war in other provinces, stricken villages in the Kanto region, which were battlefields, suffered looting and he had seen hell,' this sensational theory of 'working away from home' was supported by many experts and widely spread among the public.

• 戦国大名としての徳川氏にも右筆は存在したと考えられるが、徳川家康の三河国時代の右筆は家康の勢力拡大と天下掌握の過程で奉行・代官などの行政職や譜代大名などに採用されたために、江戸幕府成立時に採用されていた右筆は多くは旧室町幕府奉行衆の子弟（曾我尚祐）や関ヶ原の戦いで東軍を支持した豊臣政権の右筆衆（大橋重保）、関東地方平定時に家康に仕えた旧後北条氏の右筆（久保正俊）などであったと考えられている。
• Although Yuhitsu existed in the Tokugawa clan as a warring lord, because those Yuhitsu who were working for Ieyasu TOKUGAWA when he was in Mikawa Province were appointed to administrative posts, such as Bugyo or Daikan, or Fudai Daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) as Ieyasu expanded his influence and subdued various regions to unify Japan, it is thought that many of them who were hired as Yuhitsu when the Edo Bakuhu was established were the children of the Bugyo-shu belonged to the former Muromachi Bakuhu (Naosuke SOGA), the Yuhitsu-shu of the Toyotomi government (Shigeyasu OHASHI), supported the 'eastern' army at the Battle of Sekigahara, and the Yuhitsu of the former Gohojo clan, served Ieyasu when he subdued Kanto region.

• 国際連盟事務局からの海外領土等の名称及び順序に関する照会に対し、外務省は1930年8月、朝鮮（英語：Chosen）・台湾（英称：Taiwan）・樺太（英称：Karafuto）・関東州租借地（英称：The leased Territory of Kwantung）・日本国委任統治南洋群島（英称：The South Sea Islands under Japanese Mandate）と回答している。
• In response to an inquiry about the names and rank orders of the overseas territories from the Office of League of Nations, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that Korea (English name: Chosen), Taiwan (English name: Taiwan), Sakhalin (English name: Karafuto), The Kwantung Leased Territory (English name: The leased Territory of Kwantung), and the South Sea Islands Mandate (English name: The South Sea Islands under Japanese Mandate) were the overseas territories.