鏡: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 今鏡
- The Imakagami (Mirror of the Present)
- Imakagami (The Mirror of the Present)
- 増鏡
- Masukagami (The Clear Mirror)
- 鏡崎
- Kagamisaki
- Kagamizaki
- Kyouzaki
- 鏡原
- Kagahara
- Kagamihara
- Kyouhara
- 鏡渕
- Kagamifuchi
- Kagamibuchi
- 鏡味
- Kagami
- Kagamiaji
- Kyoumi
- 鏡明
- Kagami Akira (1948.1-)
- 鏡川
- Kagamigawa
- Kyougawa
- Kiyoukawa
- Kiyokawa
- 鏡島
- Kagashima
- Kagamishima
- Kagamijima
- 鏡町
- Kagamichou
- Kagamimachi
- 鏡石通
- Kagamiishi-dori Street
- 鏡の宿
- Kagami no Shuku (Inn of Mirrors)
- 鏡三郎
- Kyousaburou
- Kyouzaburou
- 鏡三朗
- Kyousaburou
- Kyouzaburou
- 鏡野町
- Kagaminochou
- Kagamino, Okayama
- 鏡石町
- Kagamiishichou
- Kagamiishimachi
- Kagamiishi, Fukushima
- 鏡石駅
- Kagamiishi Station (st)
- 鏡台山
- Kyoudaisan
- Kyoudaiyama
- 『水鏡』
- 'Mizukagami' (The Water Mirror) (a history book of old Japan)
- 『増鏡』
- 'Masukagami' (The Clear Mirror) (a history book of old Japan)
- 鏡作神社
- Kagamitsukuri Shrine
- 鏡川橋駅
- Kagamigawabashi Station (st)
- 心鏡流草鎌
- Shinkyo-ryu school of kusagama
- 鏡開きの日
- The day of kagami-biraki
- 鏡里喜代治
- Kagamisato Kiyoji, 42nd sumo grand champion
- 卑弥呼の鏡説
- The theory of Himiko's mirror
- 日本製鏡説等
- The theory of mirrors being made in Japan
- 天鏡尊の子。
- A child of Ama no Kagami no Mikoto.
- (『大鏡』)
- ('Okagami')
- ('Okagami' (the Great Mirror))
- 吾妻鏡の諸本
- The various texts of Azuma Kagami
- 隠れ切支丹鏡。
- 'Kakure Kirishitan Kagami' was the mirror used by underground Christians in feudal Japan.
- 鏡餅(餅・橙)
- Kagami-mochi (a round rice-cake and a bitter orange offered to a deity)
- 「手鏡」とも。
- It is written as '手鑑' or '手鏡' with the same reading.
- 「景初三年」鏡
- Keisho sannen' mirror
- 「正始元年」鏡
- Seishi gannen' mirror
- 吾妻鏡の原資料
- The original source material for Azuma Kagami.
- 吾妻鏡の研究史
- A history of studies on Azuma Kagami
- 景初四年銘盤龍鏡
- Banryu-kyo Mirror with the Date 'Fourth Year of Jingchu'
- 鏡餅に関する風習
- Customs related to kagami-mochi
- 『増鏡』との関係
- Connections with 'Masukagami' (The Clear Mirror)
- 女子(宝鏡寺殿。
- Female (Hokyojidono.
- 女子(宝鏡寺主)
- Female (chief priestess of Hokyo-ji Temple)
- 道鏡事件と光仁天皇
- The Dokyo Incident and Emperor Konin
- 『文鏡秘府論』目次
- Bunkyo-hifuron Contents
- 吾妻鏡における記述
- Descriptions in Azuma Kagami (The Mirror of the East)
- 吾妻鏡の顕彰と曲筆
- Eulogy and misrepresentations in Azuma Kagami
- 『吾妻鏡』:編纂物。
- The 'Azuma Kagami,' (Mirror of the East), a multi-author compilation.
- 道鏡の皇位簒奪疑問説
- Skeptical views towards Dokyo's plot to usurp the Imperia Throne
- その他の不可思議な鏡
- Other supernatural mirrors
- 眼鏡販売の老舗企業。
- Long-established company selling eyeglasses
- 鏡女王とも呼ばれる。
- She was also referred to as 鏡女王.
- 辺津鏡(へつかがみ)
- the Hetsukagami (Mirror of the Shore)
- (『吾妻鏡』による。
- (According to 'Azuma Kagami;
- 信仰対象としての銅鏡
- Bronze mirror as a religious object
- 内視鏡的粘膜下層剥離術
- endoscopic submucosal dissection
- 加賀見山旧錦絵(鏡山)
- Kagamiyama Kokyo no Nishikie (Kagamiyama) (old brocade pictures of Mt. Kagami)
- 沖津鏡(おきつかがみ)
- the Okitsukagami (Mirror of the Deep)
- 蛍光スペックル顕微鏡法
- fluorescent speckle microscopy
- 鏡花の文壇デビュー作。
- It was the first novel by Kyoka as a professional novelist.
- 三角縁神獣鏡出土の古墳
- Tumulus where the Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror was discovered
- 春興鏡獅子(かがみじし)
- Shungyo Kagamijishi
- 神鏡の力で帝の眼も治る。
- The emperor's eyes are also cured by the power of the divine mirror.
- 三角縁神獣鏡に関する議論
- Discussion about the Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror
- 吾妻鏡における最後の記述
- The last statement on Azuma Kagami
- 女子(宝鏡寺殿。恵昌?)
- Girls (Houkyouji-dono; Keisho ?)
- 紀年銘をもつ三角縁神獣鏡
- Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror inscribed with counted years
- 道鏡事件とも呼ばれている。
- It is also called as Dokyo Incident.
- それが雲外鏡であるという。
- This mirror is called Ungaikyo, he says.
- 鏡獅子、連獅子の中で上演。
- It is performed in Kagamijishi (Lions in a mirror) and Renjishi (a string of lions).
- 道鏡失脚によって元に戻った。
- The prior system was restored following the downfall of Dokyo.
- 前記の鏡開きのときに食べる。
- This soup is eaten in the abovementioned kagami-biraki.
- 本尊前は、三重の鏡餅が正式。
- In the hon-sonzen style, the formal manner of display is to use a three-layer kagami-mochi.
- 『古事記』『水鏡』に60歳。
- He died at the age of 60, according to the 'Kojiki' and 'Mizukagami' (literally, The Water Mirror).
- 弁慶の鏡池(兵庫県・圓教寺)
- Mirror Pond of Benkei (Engyo-ji Temple, Hyogo Prefecture)
- 「これこそ大将の鏡である。」
- He is a paragon of commander.'
- 西晋の年号の銘が入った紀年鏡
- Kinen Mirror having the name of West Jin Dynasty era
- 『吾妻鏡』に見る「家」の形成
- The process of forming 'family' in 'Azuma Kagami'
- 『大鏡』に見えるエピソード。
- An episode from 'Okagami'
- 神鏡そのものを指すこともある。
- Sometimes it can mean the divine mirror itself.
- 軍記物では『増鏡』が書かれた。
- In the genre of gunkimono (martial tales), the 'Masukagami' (The Clear Mirror) was written.
- 天鏡尊(あまのかがみのみこと)
- Ama no Kagami no Mikoto
- 女院号は東二条院、法名は円鏡智。
- Her nyoingo (title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) was Higashinijoin and her homyo (name given to a person who enters the Buddhist priesthood) was Enkyochi.
- 増鏡(ますかがみ)は、歴史物語。
- Masukagami is a historical tale.
- 木像:京都市上京区の宝鏡寺所蔵。
- A wooden statue of Tomiko is owned by the Hokyoji Temple, in Kamigyo Ward of Kyoto City.
- 浄土真宗では、尊前に鏡餅を供える。
- In Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), kagami-mochi is offered to sonzen (Shinto and Buddhist deities as well as persons in high positions).
- 鏡板や床が反響板として働いている。
- Kagamiita and the floor serve as reverberating boards.
- 鏡開き(1月4日・1月20日など)
- Kagamibiraki (the custom of cutting and eating a large, round rice cake, which had been offered to the gods at New Year's, on January 4 or 20)
- - ゴーダチーズや鏡餅のような形。
- Shape like a piece of Gouda cheese and Kagami-mochi (a round rice-cake offered to a deity)
- 歴史書としては『大鏡』が書かれた。
- A history book, 'Okagami' (the Great Mirror), was written.
- 『今鏡』の作者の有力候補とされる。
- He is said to be a major candidate of the author of 'Imakagami' (The Mirror of the Present).
- 鏡づくりの工人のことを鏡師という。
- A craftsman who makes mirrors is called kagamishi or mirror craftsman.
- また、横刀(たち)や大鏡を献上した。
- The King also presented a sword and a large mirror.
- 東大寺鏡池会場(13日・14日のみ)
- Kagami-ike Pond of Todaiji Temple site (only August 13 and 14)
- イシコリドメは作鏡連らの祖神である。
- Ishikoridome is the patriarchal deity of Kagami Tsukuri no Muraji.
- 『今鏡』(いまかがみ)は、歴史物語。
- 'Imakagami' is a historical tale.
- 『水鏡』(みずかがみ)は、歴史物語。
- 'Mizukagami' (Water Mirror) is a historical tale.
- 呉 (三国)の年号の銘が入った紀年鏡
- Kinen Mirrors having the name of San Guo (Three Kingdoms) era
- 魏 (三国)の年号の銘が入った紀年鏡
- Kinen mirrors with the name of era Wei dynasty (Three States Period)
- いわゆる四鏡(鏡物)の2番目にあたる。
- It is the second part of so-called Shikyo (the four historical narratives of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods with the word 'mirror' in the title) (Kagamimono - generic name of history book with 'Kagami' in its title).
- (吾妻鏡第八巻 文治四年八月大二十日)
- (Azumakagami, vol. 8, September 16, 1185)
- 1鏡の間(かがみのま) シテの控え所。
- 1 Kagami no ma (mirror room): A space where a Shite performer waits to enter the stage.
- 現在では吾妻鏡の最善本と目されている。
- It is now taken as the best text of Azuma Kagami.
- 同時代の史料としては『吾妻鏡』もある。
- Other historical sources of the same era include 'Azuma Kagami.'
- 大鏡(おおかがみ)は紀伝体の歴史物語。
- The Great Mirror is a historical tale written in the style of a biographical record.
- 鏡は円満を、開くは末広がりを意味する。
- The word 'kagami' means peace, and 'hiraku' (the verb form of 'hiraki') means to increase success.
- 『文鏡秘府論』:空海による漢詩文の評論書
- 'Bunkyo Hifuron': Review on Chinese-style poetry written by Kukai
- 天鏡閣とよばれた二階建ての建物であった。
- It was a two story building called Tenkyokaku.
- 尚、増鏡の記述では四辻彦仁となっている。
- Incidentally, MINAMOTO no Hikohito was called YOTSUTSUJI no Hikohito in Masukagami.
- 八咫鏡は宮中に鎮座している複製品である。
- A replica of Yata no kagami (the sacred mirror) was used, and was enshrined in the Imperial Palace.
- また、鏡餅を食すことを「歯固め」という。
- Eating a kagamimochi is also expressed as 'hagatame (strengthening of the teeth).'
- このエピソードは『大鏡』で語られている。
- This episode is recounted in 'Okagami' (A Japanese Historical Tale).
- 鏡餅を飾るのは12月28日が最適とされる。
- It is said that December 28th is considered the best time to being displaying kagami-mochi.
- 正月の鏡餅には大熨斗、束ね熨斗が飾られる。
- Big rice cakes used to celebrate a new year in Japan are decorated with onoshi (great noshi) or tabane noshi (noshi bundles).
- また、静岡県三島市川原ケ谷の地福山宝鏡院。
- Also, Jifukuzan Hokyoin Temple in Kawaharagaya, Mishima City, Shizuoka Prefecture.
- 正始元年(西暦240年)三角縁神獣鏡3面。
- Three Sankakubuchi Divine Beasts Mirrors in 240.
- 卑弥呼にはその後も何回か銅鏡が下賜された。
- Later, as well, Himiko was given bronze mirrors several times.
- 銅鏡(どうきょう)は、銅合金製の鏡である。
- Bronze mirror is made of bronze alloy.
- 舎利殿と天鏡閣は、二階を廊下で結ばれていた。
- Shariden and Tenkyokaku were both connected by a hallway on the second floor.
- 型稽古の為に射手の正面に大鏡を置く事もある。
- Sometimes a large mirror is placed in front of the archer for kata training.
- 小正月に食べる場合は鏡開きをした餅をいれる。
- When it is eaten on Koshogatsu, mochi (rice cake) pieces from kagamibiraki (the custom of cutting the New Year's rice cake on January 11) are added.
- 梗概書である『源氏小鏡』に以下のようにある。
- A digest of The Tale of Genji, 'Genji Kokagami' (Little Mirror of Genji) has it as follows.
- 母后からの鏡を見ると、今までの生活が見えた。
- When he looked into the mirror given by the empress dowager, he could see his life up until then.
- 「大和物語」・「大鏡」に逸話が残されている。
- There are some anecdotes about him in the 'Yamato monogatari' (Tales of Yamato) and the 'Okagami' (Great Mirror).
- 大鏡 巻第二、五、七 3帖-鎌倉時代の写本。
- Three sections of volumes two, five, and seven of Kamakura-period transcriptions of the Okagami (The Great Mirror).
- 赤烏七年(西暦245年) 神獣鏡種類が1面。
- One Kind of Divine Beasts Mirrors in 245
- 赤烏元年(西暦238年) 神獣鏡種類が1面。
- One Kind of Divine Beasts Mirrors in 238
- 書名は白楽天の「百練鏡」に由来するとされる。
- The title of the book comes from 'Hyakurenkyo' (百練鏡) of Bai Letian.
- 紀年鏡には三角縁神獣鏡以外のものも含まれる。
- The date-inscribed mirrors include non-triangular-rimmed mirrors.
- 3世紀の紀年鏡をいかに考えるべきかという点。
- Points to consider where the date-inscribed mirrors in the 3rd century are concerned.
- 当時、鏡は姿見として上流階級には普及していた。
- A mirror was widely used to see one's image amongst the upper class at that time.
- 即位後、道鏡を太政大臣禅師とするなど重用した。
- After assuming the throne, she appointed Dokyo to the responsible post of Daijo-daijin Zenji (Grand minister of state and Master of Zen Buddhism).
- 少なくとも室町時代の写本には『吾妻鏡』とある。
- The work was known as 'Azuma Kagami,' at least in the manuscripts transcribed in the Muromachi period.
- 今度は孝謙上皇の寵愛を得た僧道鏡が頭角を現した。
- Soon, the monk Dokyo came onto the scene having successfully won the favor of the Retired Empress Koken.
- 兵力については全く異なるために『吾妻鏡』を採る。
- Due to the distinct disparity in the descriptions of militarily power, authors of history books reference 'Azuma Kagami.'
- 20鏡板(かがみいた) 大きな松の絵が描かれる。
- 20 Kagamiita (the back board): There is a painting of a large pine tree.
- 『水鏡』に41歳、『神皇正統記』に39歳という。
- His age at death was 41 according to ''Mizu-Kagami'' (literally, The Water Mirror) or 39 according to ''Jinno shotoki'' (literally, Record of the Legitimate Succession of the Divine Emperors).
- 『扶桑略記』『水鏡』などには18歳で崩御とある。
- According to 'Fuso Ryakki' (A Brief History of Japan) and 'Mizukagami' he passed away at the age of eighteen.
- 米良神楽(1977年5月17日 西都市大字銀鏡)
- Mera kagura dance (May 17, 1977; Oaza Shiromi, Saito City)
- また、鏡王女には舒明天皇の皇女だという説もある。
- Another theory states that Kagami no Okimi was a princess of Emperor Jomei.
- 道隆は喜ばず、弓比べを止めさせたという(大鏡)。
- Michitaka was not happy, and he stopped the archery contest (Okagami).
- 鏡の研磨には古くはカタバミやザクロが用いられた。
- To polish a mirror, sorrel and pomegranate were used in old days.
- 鏡餅という名称は、昔の鏡の形に似ていることによる。
- The name 'kagami-mochi' was derived from its shape, which resembled a mirror in the old days.
- その後、道鏡の故郷である河内国に由義宮を造営した。
- After this affair, she erected Yugeno-miya Detached Palace in Kawachi Province, the hometown of Dokyo.
- 『水鏡』に50歳、『帝王編年記』には51歳とある。
- His age at death was 50 according to 'Mizukagami' (literally, the Water Mirror) or 51 according to 'Teio hennenki' (literally, Annals of the emperor).
- 彼のつくる材木の寸法は鏡に映したように正確である。
- He can measure a piece of lumber incredibly precisely.
- 流布系古活字本に「吾妻鏡」の記事を補入した絵詞物。
- Adding the records of 'Azuma Kagami' to the Kokatsuji bon in the popular edition line, this illustrated story was made.
- 『大鏡』などでは、伊尹の若死についての逸話がある。
- There was an anecdote on the young death of Koretada in 'Okagami' (The Great Mirror).
- 『吾妻鏡』は「前漢の呂雉と同じように天下を治めた。
- In 'The Azuma Kagami' (Mirror of the East), Masako is praised as having 'ruled the country like the Western Han dynasty empress, Lu Zhi.'
- 日本においては、鏡は神道の信仰の対象となっている。
- In Japan, mirrors are the objects of Shinto religion.
- こうして『吾妻鏡』の全体像は徐々に見え始めてきた。
- This is how the whole picture of 'Azuma Kagami' has begun to be revealed.
- 船数:800艘(吾妻鏡説)・3000艘(平家物語説)
- Size of fleet: 800 ships according to the Azuma kagami, or 3000 ships according to the Heike monogatari.
- 船数:500艘(吾妻鏡説)・1000艘(平家物語説)
- Size of fleet: 500 ships according to the Azuma kagami, or 1000 according to the Heike monogatari.
- だが、その没落も早く、孝謙天皇の寵愛は道鏡に移った。
- However, his fall came quickly after Empress Koken's love moved to Dokyo.
- 以降、称徳天皇と道鏡を中心とした専制体制が確立した。
- After the Nakamaro's rebellion, Empress Shotoku and Dokyo took the control of the government.
- ただ、鏡の生産地については難しい議論が進行中である。
- However, the place of production has been a tough discussion.
- この際字は鏡文字にはせず、原本そのままの向きで彫る。
- Characters are to be copied not in mirror writing but in the same direction as the original.
- 三種の神器の一つ、八咫鏡を形取ったものとも言われる。
- It is also said that kagami-mochi is modeled after Yata no Kagami (the eight-span mirror), which is one of the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family.
- そして男性論は『大鏡』の類に任せるとして、筆を置く。
- The book is concluded by stating that it leaves the critique of men to other tales like 'Okagami' (The Great Mirror).
- 三角縁神獣鏡の銘文中に紀年が記された四面の鏡がある。
- The Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror has tetrahedral mirrors with the counted years inscribed.
- 改元されて実在しない中国の年号の銘が入った鏡がある。
- There is the mirror with the inscription of the name of a Chinese era which didn't exist after the change of the era.
- 「師」は鏡の銘文によく出てくる字で鏡師のことである。
- The letter 'craftsman' often appears on the inscription of mirror and means mirror craftsman.
- 基経はこの時のことを心にとどめたという(『大鏡』)。
- It is said that Mototsune made a point of remembering this ('Okagami (The Great Mirror)').
- 民俗学的知見から、鏡の付喪神(つくもがみ)と見られる。
- Seen from a folkloric perspective, Ungaikyo is a mirror version of 'Tsukumo-gami' (gods of a variety of things).
- いわゆる「四鏡」の成立順では最後に位置する作品である。
- In order of composition, it is the final work among what is known as the shikyo (Four Mirrors, a series of four historical works compiled between the late Heian period and the early Muromachi period).
- 出づる日の余の国までも鏡山と思ひしこともいたづらの身や
- 出づる日の余の国までも鏡山と思ひしこともいたづらの身や
- 青龍_(魏)三年(西暦235年)方格規矩四神鏡が2面。
- Two Hokakukiku Shishinkyo Mirrors in 235
- 京都中心の記録で、武家方の『吾妻鏡』とは対照的である。
- The book is Kyoto-oriented in contrast to the 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) of the samurai warriors.
- 古代エジプトにおいても、青銅製の鏡を用いた事例がある。
- In ancient Egypt, there were the cases that bronze mirrors were used.
- また金属製品としては、銭貨、鏡、刀装具、鋲等が出土した。
- Also, metal ware such as coins, mirrors, accouterments of swords, and tacks were unearthed.
- 晩期になると、柄鏡部分がつぶれて短くなる構造に変化する。
- By the end of the period, the ekagami-type entrance becomes shorter and lower in height.
- 鏡板には、日本画の大家平福百穂による老松が描かれている。
- Hyakusui HIRAFUKU, who was an expert of Japanese painting, drew old pine tree on Kagami-ita (the back board).
- 「翰墨城」「藻塩草」「見ぬ世の友」「大手鏡」などは国宝。
- Kanbokujo' (Castle of Brush and Ink Album), 'Moshiogusa Album of Exemplary Calligraphy,' 'Companions of Past Ages,' and 'Otekagami' are national treasures.
- 『今鏡』によれば並ぶもののない美貌の女性であったという。
- According to 'Imakagami' (The Mirror of the Present), she was beautiful beyond compare.
- いわゆる「四鏡」の成立順では2番目に位置する作品である。
- From the viewpoint of the order of completion of the so-called Shikyo (the four historical narratives of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods with the word 'mirror' in the title), it is in the second.
- いわゆる「四鏡」の成立順では3番目に位置する作品である。
- It is the third so-called 'Shikyo' (four historical narratives of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods with the word 'mirror' in the title), in terms of the order of completion.
- 籠神社には、息津鏡・辺津鏡という2面の鏡が伝世している。
- In Kono-jinja Shrine, two mirrors called the Okitsukagami and the Hetsukagami have been handed down from generation to generation.
- 1月10日、征夷大将軍宣下(『吾妻鏡』『百錬抄』による。
- On January 10th, appointed as Seii Taishogun (according to 'Azuma Kagami' and 'Hyakurensho'.
- 元康_(晋)?年(291~299年)の神獣鏡種類が1面。
- One Kind of Divine Beasts in 291-299
- □始元年陳是作鏡自有経述本自州師杜地命出寿如金石保子宜孫
- In 240, Ching has made this mirror. Here is my history. I used to live in Yangzhou of Wu in China as a mirror maker but now I am in exile living in the end of the land. May your life be long like a golden stone and may your flesh and blood be prosperous.'
- 前年に孝謙上皇が病気に倒れ、弓削道鏡の看病を受けて平癒。
- In the previous year, retired Empress Koken fell ill, but recovered due to nursing by YUGE no Dokyo.
- 後の「鏡物」といわれる一連の歴史物語を産む下地となった。
- It laid the groundwork for the series of historical tales called 'mirror works.'
- 専属俳優には月形哲之介ら、専属演出家には並木鏡太郎がいた。
- Tetsunosuke TSUKIGATA was an actor under exclusive contract and Kyotaro NAMIKI wrote scripts exclusively for the company.
- 鏡板(かがみいた)は、能舞台の正面、右側面の羽目板である。
- Kagami-ita boards are wainscoting in the front and on the right side face of the Noh stages.
- 昔の鏡は青銅製の丸形で、神事などに用いられるものであった。
- In the old days, mirrors were circular and made of bronze, and were used in Shinto rituals and so forth.
- この字は、今昔文字鏡10万字バージョンのに収録されている。
- This character is listed the one hundred thousand character version of Konjaku Mojikyo.
- 金属器(鏡、刀剣類など)や漢字、仏教などがその代表である。
- Representative products were metalware (mirrors, swords, etc.), kanji (Chinese characters) and Buddhism.
- その死について『吾妻鏡』は「幕下(源頼朝)殊に溜息し給う。
- The 'Azuma kagami' (Mirror of the East) describes the reaction to news of his death: 'Yoritomo in particular heaved a great sigh.
- これらは初めに成立した大鏡の特徴を後の3つが踏襲している。
- This is due to the fact that the style of Okagami, the oldest among four, was continued by the latter three.
- 虎女は「吾妻鏡」にも出てくることから実在した女性とされる。
- Torajo also appears in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), so she is considered to be an existing woman.
- 近年での五味文彦の吾妻鏡研究はそこに係わる取り組みである。
- A study of Azuma Kagami conducted by Fumihiko GOMI in recent years concerns this.
- 青銅器には銅剣、銅鉾、銅戈(どうか)、銅鐸、銅鏡などがある。
- In the category of bronze ware, there were bronze swords, bronze pikes, bronze dagger-axes, bronze bells, bronze mirrors, and so on.
- 『吾妻鏡』では児玉党の武将である庄家長に捕らえられたとある。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami,' Ienaga SHO, who was a busho (Japanese military commander) of the Kodama Party, captured TAIRA no Shigehira.
- ここで装束をつけ、面をかけるために、専用の鏡(姿見)がある。
- A special mirror (Sugatami mirror) is provided in the room, and a performer wears his costume and dons a mask here.
- 鏡開きにおいては、一般家庭でも鏡餅を用いて汁粉や善哉を作る。
- On the occasion of Kagamibiraki (an annual ritual of cutting and eating a large, round rice cake, which has been offered to the gods to celebrate the new year, on January 11), Japanese people make shiruko or zenzai using Kagamimochi (large, round rice cake offered to the gods) at home.
- 武家では、床の間に具足(甲冑)を飾り、その前に鏡餅を供えた。
- In samurai families, weapons and armor were displayed in tokonoma and kagami-mochi was offered in front of the display.
- 仁寿鏡・・・・・・・・・・・推古天皇22年(614年)・不明
- 'Renshou Mirror' - 614, unknown
- 6月2日、頼盛は54歳で死去した(『吾妻鏡』6月18日条)。
- On June 27, Yorimori died at the age of 54 (see the entry for June 18 in the 'Azuma Kagami').
- 墓に副葬されたり意図的に分割されて(破鏡)祭祀に用いられた。
- They were buried as a burial good and were also intentionally divided (hakyo - broken mirror) for ritual use.
- 桜井茶臼山古墳(奈良県桜井市、前期前方後円墳、前方部柄鏡形)
- Sakurai Chausuyama-kofun Tumulus (Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture, a large keyhole-shaped tomb mound in the early period, a handled-mirror form in the front part)
- 『吾妻鏡』の戦果報告で範頼、義経と並んで安田義定の名が見える。
- In 'Azuma Kagami,' it is written that Yoshisada YASUDA as the recorded name, listed next to Noriyori and Yoshitsune, in the report of the war results.
- 泉鏡花『いろ扱ひ』は、作者の少年時の乱読癖を振り返った私小説。
- 'Iro-atsukai' of Kyoka IZUMI is an 'I' novel (a novel based on author's own life), recalling his habit of reading books excursively in his childhood.
- その形状から、鏡を開くことへの見立ても含んでいるかもしれない。
- The name may also imply the look of opening mirrors because of its shape.
- 作詞浅原六朗(号:鏡村)、作曲中山晋平による同名の童謡は有名。
- A children's song 'Teru teru bozu' is famous, whose lyrics was written by Rokuro ASAHARA (pen name; KAGAMIMURA) and melody was composed by Shinpei NAKAYAMA.
- その御霊代である神鏡(八咫鏡の複製とされる)が奉斎されている。
- A divine mirror which is regarded as a mitamashiro (an object that is honored in place of a person's soul or a deity's sprit) of this goddess is enshrined, and the mirror is said to be a replica of the Yata no Kagami (which literally means 'eight-span mirror,' referring to one of the Imperial regalia).
- 『増鏡』には、はじめ兵衛督君といって中宮平徳子に仕えたとある。
- According to 'Masukagami' (a history book compiled in the Kamakura period), she was initially called Hyoenokami no kimi and served for Chugu (an empress consort) TAIRA no Tokushi.
- 『増鏡』によると、これは親王による略奪婚であったと伝えられる。
- According to 'Masukagami' (a Japanese historical epic about the Kamakura period), it was said this marriage was a political marriage.
- 泉鏡花、小栗風葉、柳川春葉、徳田秋声など、優れた門下生がいる。
- He had many excellent disciples such as Kyoka IZUMI, Fuyo OGURI, Shunyo YANAGAWA, and Shusei TOKUDA.
- また、『今鏡』の著者と考えられている寂超は隆信の実父にあたる。
- Also, Jyakucho, who is considered the author of 'Ima Kagami,' was Takanobu's real father.
- 内容的には『大鏡』の延長線上に位置し、3番目に古い時代を扱う。
- In terms of content, it is an extension of 'Okagami' and treats the third oldest age.
- 享年64(『吾妻鏡』による。『関東評定衆伝』では65とする)。
- He died at the age of 64 according to 'Azumakagami,' and 65 according to 'Kanto Hyojoshu Den.'
- 「文壇照魔鏡」なる匿名のゴシップ記事が出まわり裁判沙汰となる。
- Bundan-Shomakyo' (The Tell-Tale Mirror: An Expose of the Literary World), a gossip story written under anonymous name was circulated around, which was later developed into a legal dispute.
- 江戸時代にはキリスト教禁止により隠れ切支丹鏡などが製作された。
- In the Edo period, Christian mirrors and others were produced because of the ban on Christianity.
- 時房は『吾妻鏡』では北条泰時の連署としてそれを支えたとされる。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami,' Tokifusa is said to have supported Yasutoki HOJO as his cosignatory.
- ただし吾妻鏡の編纂自体はおそらく未完であったと考えられている。
- However the compiling work of Azuma Kagami itself seems not to have been completed.
- 反対側の柱の左右にも同じようにして、八角形の魔除けの鏡をかける。
- In the same way, other hooks are driven into the same points of both pillars on the opposite side, and octagonal mirrors charmed to avert evil are hung from them.
- その影響で、鎌倉幕府の正史である『吾妻鏡』も日記体をとっている。
- Affected by such a situation, 'Azuma Kagami' (the Mirror of the east), an official history of the Kamakura bakufu, was written in a diary style as well.
- 『吾妻鏡』以外の文献を調べるとやや異なった事実が伝えられている。
- The literature other than 'Azuma Kagami' tells different facts to a certain extent.
- 鎌倉幕府編纂の『吾妻鏡』では、この戦いについて下記のようにある。
- In the 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) which was edited by Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), this battle is described as follows.
- 孝謙上皇とは、彼女が道鏡を重用しだしたことから不和となっていく。
- The discord between Retired Empress Koken and Emperor Junnin began after she started to give Dokyo an important position.
- 鏡島眞理子(曹洞宗住職夫人)「なんたって寺族の言い分ほんねの記」
- Mariko KAGAMISHIMA (wife of the chief priest of Sotosect) 'Note of Complaints from Temple Families, Their True Voices'
- これは高橋氏との権力争いとともに、道鏡との関連が指摘されている。
- It indicated the power struggle with the Takahashi clan and the relationship with Dokyo (a priest of Hosso Sect of Buddhism in the Nara period).
- また、近江国野洲郡鏡里の豪族で、壬申の乱の際に戦死したともいう。
- Another theory is that he may have been part of the powerful family that ruled Kagamisato, Yasu County in Omi Province, and died in the Jinshin War.
- しかし「吾妻鏡」に記載されていることから、全くの作り話でもない。
- However, because it is described in 'Azuma Kagami,' it is not a total fiction.
- なお、描く年代が4番目の『増鏡』との間には13年間の空白がある。
- There is a thirteen-year gap between 'Imakagami' and 'Masukagami,' which is in the fourth with respect to time period covered.
- 万葉集にも「白銅鏡」(まそかがみ)が多くの歌に詠み込まれている。
- Maso kagami (bronze mirror) was written in a lot of poems of Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 形態は円形が多く(まれに方鏡もある)、直径は数十cm程度である。
- Many were round (rarely square) and some ten centimeters in diameter.
- 日本の八咫鏡は円周 8 咫、すなわち径 2 尺という意味である。
- The Japanese Yata no Kagami (the eight-span mirror; one of the Imperial regalia) has 8 ata of circumference, in other words, the diameter of the mirror is 2 shaku (23.04 centimeters).
- 吾妻鏡には、頼朝邸内の東西にある小さな建物を問注所と号したとある。
- Azuma Kagami describes that Monchujo were two small buildings located on the east and west sides of the Yoritomo's residence.
- また『吾妻鏡』の合戦の記述には『平家物語』の影響が指摘されている。
- Additionally, historical scholars points out the influnence of Heike Monogatari' on 'Azuma Kagami.'
- しかし、『平家物語』や『吾妻鏡』など文献によって多少異なっている。
- However, the story slightly differed in the historical documents of 'Heike Monogatari' and 'Azuma Kagami.'
- この歌は、鏡王女が鎌足の死後、彼を思って作った歌だという説がある。
- This poem is said to be made by Kagami no Okimi after Kamatari's death, in the memory of her husband.
- 和歌を能くし、女ながらに詩文に長けた由、『大鏡』など諸書に見える。
- In various books, such as 'Okagami' (the Great Mirror), she was praised for her excellence in prose and poetry for a woman.
- 子の光盛は侍従に、保業は河内守となった(『吾妻鏡』6月20日条)。
- His son, Mitsumori was appointed to the post of jiju (chamberlain), and Yasunari to the post of Kawachi no kami (the governor of Kawachi Province) (see the entry for August 5 in the 'Azuma Kagami').
- 日本神話では、八咫鏡、八咫烏など「八咫」という長さがよく登場する。
- In Japanese mythology, the length of 'yata' (八咫; 8 ata) is often seen such as, in Yata no kagami (八咫鏡) and in Yata garasu (八咫烏; the sacred crow with the span of 8 ata).
- 三角縁神獣鏡を卑弥呼が魏皇帝から賜った100枚の鏡であるとする説。
- The theory which assumed that excavated triangular-rimmed mirrors were from amongst the 100 mirrors which Himiko was given by the Emperor of Wei.
- 歴史書としても、文学作品としても、『大鏡』に引けをとる所以である。
- For this reason it is outdone by 'Okagami' both as history and as literature.
- 孝謙上皇の道鏡への寵愛は深まり、逆に仲麻呂を激しく憎むようになった。
- The Retired Empress Koken gave even deeper love for Dokyo, while she furiously hated Nakamaro.
- 近年の研究で、鏡の断面が時代とともに変化していることがわかってきた。
- Recent studies show that the cross-section surface of the mirror changed with the times.
- ところが『吾妻鏡』の編成でも戦果報告でも多田行綱の名が見当たらない。
- However, in 'Azuma Kagami,' there was no written name of Yukitsuna TADA neither in the organization of the troops nor in the war chronicle reports.
- 『吾妻鏡』では源氏の兵力は範頼軍は5万4千騎、義経軍は2万騎とある。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), the military power of the Minamoto clan was concentrated in Noriyori's army's fifty-four thousand cavalrymen and Yoshitsune's army's twenty thousand cavalrymen.
- 鏡開きの日は地域によって違いはあるが、一般的には1月11日とされる。
- The day of kagami-biraki (the custom of cutting and eating kagami-mochi) is generally considered January 11th, although this differs from one area to another.
- 近江のや鏡の山をたてたればかねてぞ見ゆる君が千歳は(古今集1086)
- Mt.Kagami in Omi (present Shiga Prefecture) - there is a mirror according to its name, so a thousand years of Oigimi's (oldest sister) long life can be seen (Kokin Wakashu 1086).
- 20代の頃にはいわゆる「眼鏡絵」の制作に携わっていたことが知られる。
- It is known that he was involved in making so-called megane-e (eyeglass pictures) in his twenties.
- そして、北条泰時・安達景盛・島津忠久らが任じられている(『吾妻鏡』)。
- And Yasutoki HOJO, Kagemori ADACHI, Tadahisa SHIMAZU and others were appointed ('Azuma Kagami' - The Mirror of the East).
- 河内職は道鏡が権力を握っていた時代、河内国に由義宮を建設し副都とした。
- Kawachi Shiki established Yuge-no-Miya Palace in Kawachi Province as a separate capital during the period in which Dokyo held power.
- そして、『吾妻鏡』でも義経が戦った場所は鵯越と記されているからである。
- Moreover, in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), the author of the book indicated in his writings that Yoshitsune fought at Hiyodorigoe.
- その上眼鏡をかけているせいか、西門に「のび太」呼ばわりされた事がある。
- Perhaps because he wears glasses, he has been called 'Nobita' (the name of a timid boy who appears in 'Doraemon' comics and is always aided by Doraemon) by Saimon.
- 造りは三層黒塗り継檀の上に八角形の屋根をおき、鳳凰・鏡等の装飾がある。
- Above a three-layered blackening throne, there is an octagon roof with ornaments of phoenixes, mirrors, etc.
- 天鏡閣 (福島県猪苗代町に現存する元別邸、庭に銅像が建てられている。)
- Tenkyo-kaku Residence (This former villa exist in Inawashiro-machi, Fukushima Prefecture, there is a statue in the garden.)
- 『万葉集』では「鏡王女」・『日本書紀』では、「鏡姫王」と記されている。
- In 'Manyoshu,' her name appears as '鏡王女' while in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) it is '鏡姫王.'
- 孝謙上皇の道鏡への寵愛はさらに深まり、仲麻呂は危機感を持つようになる。
- As Retired Empress Koken's favoritism toward Dokyo further deepened, Nakamaro sensed his political influence was in danger.
- 弥生時代の中期、北部九州では、甕棺墓に前漢鏡が副葬されるようになった。
- In the mid-Yayoi period, mirrors of Former Han (dynasty of China) came to be buried together as accessories in an earthenware jar-coffin in northern part of Kyushu.
- 同じく『吾妻鏡』11月28日 (旧暦)の項には次のように記されている。
- The following was stated in the article of December 28.
- 実はこうした偽文書の分析から『吾妻鏡』の編纂時期が明らかになってゆく。
- But in truth, analyzing such forged documents reveals when 'Azuma Kagami' was compiled.
- 『吾妻鏡』(あづまかがみ)とは、日本の中世・鎌倉時代に成立した歴史書。
- 'Azuma Kagami' is a history book completed in the Japanese medieval times, or the Kamakura period.
- 『増鏡』:前述の北条義時と泰時の逸話と後鳥羽上皇の隠岐での様子を伝える。
- 'Masu kagami' (The Mirror of Increasing): conveys anecdotes about the aforementioned Yoshitoki and Yasutoki HOJO and about the retired Emperor Gotoba's state and demeanor in exile on Oki island.
- 弓削道鏡は法相宗の僧で、孝謙上皇の病を治したことからその信頼を得て出世。
- YUGE no Dokyo, a Hosso sect priest, earned Retired Empress Koken's trust and advanced in his career since he cured her illness.
- 和歌山県の隅田八幡宮所蔵の隅田八幡宮人物画像鏡には以下の記述が見られる。
- On the Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror owned by Suda Hachiman-gu Shrine in Wakayama Prefecture, the following description is seen.
- また、道鏡は失脚して下野国に配流され、彼女が禁じた墾田私有は再開された。
- Dokyo fell from the power and was expelled to Shimotsuke Province, and the private ownership of newly cultivated land, which Empress Shotoku had prohibited, was resumed.
- 『今鏡』は美貌であったと伝えるが、後白河天皇の寵愛は薄く子女もなかった。
- According to 'Imakagami' (The Mirror of the Present), she was beautiful; she got little affection from Emperor Goshirakawa, and had no children with him.
- 船弁慶(ふなべんけい)は、『平家物語』、『吾妻鏡』などに取材した能作品。
- Funa benkei (船弁慶: Benkei in the Boat) is a Noh play based on 'Heike Monogatari' (The tale of the Heike) and 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East).
- この隅田川の牛御前についての記述は、後の鎌倉時代の『吾妻鏡』にも見える。
- We can also find a description of Ushi gozen appearing in Sumida-gawa River in 'Azuma Kagami' (the Mirror of the East) composed later in the Kamakura Period.
- (『今鏡』) なお、内親王の御所に仕えた女房に歌人の郁芳門院安芸がいる。
- ('Imakagami') (The Mirror of the Present) By the way, there was a poet, Ikuhomonin no Aki, who use to serve at the Imperial Princess's palace as one of the ladies-in-waiting.
- 『吾妻鏡』によれば、仁治2年(1241年)5月6日条、「臨時の定評あり。
- According to 'Azuma kagami'(The Mirror of the East), the Article of June 23, 1241, 'he established reputation of acting.
- これらの鏡四面は、すべて文様の神像と獣形像が同じ方向に並ぶ同向式である。
- These mirrors have images of deities and breasts in patterns all set in the same direction.
- 日本においては、弥生時代から古墳時代の遺跡で多くの銅鏡が発掘されている。
- In Japan, a lot of bronze mirrors have been excavated from the remains of Yayoi through Tumulus periods.
- 日本の近世では、大名などの婚礼の嫁入り道具として銅鏡などが残されている。
- Tools such as bronze mirror have remained as bride's household articles for marriage ceremony of feudal lords and others in recent times in Japan.
- また、九州説論者の見解では、いわゆる「卑弥呼の鏡」は後漢鏡であるとする。
- Also, the so-called 'Himiko's mirrors' come from the Later Han Dynasty, from the perspective of the supporters of the Kyushu theory.
- 戦後の文鏡秘府論研究で画期的な業績を残したとされる小西甚一は後者を採った。
- Jinichi KONISHI, who allegedly made notable achievements in the postwar studies on Bunkyo-hifuron, adopted the latter.
- 以下は『吾妻鏡』『平家物語』などを基にした巷間で知られる合戦の経過である。
- The section below is the progress of the battle which was known as the public consensus based on historical written records such as 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) and 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike).
- 一方、『吾妻鏡』では一の谷の裏山に回ったのは「勇士七十騎余」となっている。
- On the other hand, 'Azuma Kagami' writes that the troops who went to the rear mountain of Ichinotani were 'about seventy brave cavalrymen.'
- 鏡餅(かがみもち)とは、正月などに神仏に供える円くて平たい餅のことである。
- Kagami-mochi is a circular, flat rice cake offered to Shinto and Buddhist deities on occasions such as the New Year.
- 鏡を引きずってジャラジャラと音を立てつつ現れる、老婆の姿の妖怪といわれる。
- This specter is said to look like an old woman who appears by dragging a mirror and making a jangling sound.
- 藤原北家藤原内麻呂の次男(『大鏡』には三男という記載あり)として生まれる。
- Fuyutsugu was the second son of FUJIWARA no Uchimaro of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan (he is listed as the third son in 'Okagami' (The Great Mirror)).
- 十種神宝の沖津鏡・辺津鏡との関係は不明で、籠神社も特に見解は出していない。
- The relation between these two mirrors and those with the same names among Tokusanokandakara is unknown, and Kono-jinja Shrine does not express its opinion about it.
- 墓に銅鏡を副葬するという風習は、古墳時代にも引き継がれて、全国に広まった。
- The practice of burying bronze mirrors together in a grave was handed down in Tumulus period and spread throughout the country.
- また泉鏡花はこの事件を素材とした『冠弥左衛門』を書いて文壇にテビューした。
- Kyoka IZUMI wrote a novel titled 'Kanmuri Yazaemon' on the theme of this incident and started his career as a novelist.
- この時点で要求が認められれば神木に付けられた神鏡は本殿に還御して終了となる。
- If their petition was permitted at this time, the sacred mirrors attached to Shinboku were returned to Honden, and their goso ended.
- 8月2日、銀鏡にいた部隊は美々津に退却せよとの命令を受け、美々津に向かった。
- On August 2, having received a command to retreat to Mimitsu, the troops in Shiromi moved towards Mimitsu.
- 1605年には、やはり西笑承兌により、『吾妻鏡』と『周易』が出版されている。
- In 1605 Jotai SAISHO also published 'Azuma kagami' (a chronicle of the Kamakura bakufu from 1180 to 1266) and 'Shueki' (the first book in China written in the Zhou Dynasty period) were published.
- 当日は鏡の間に祭壇をしつらえ、舞台に上がる前に各役が盃事と切火で身を清める。
- On the day of the performance, an altar is set up in Kagami no ma (literally, the 'mirror room' behind Agemaku, or the curtain separating it and the stage, in which the fully-dressed performers don their masks and gaze into a large mirror to concentrate on their roles while they wait to enter the stage), and each actor purifies himself through Sakazuki-goto (the drinking of Omiki, or sacred sake) and with Kiribi (sacred sparks produced by rubbing together two pieces of wood, generally Hinoki, which is chamaecyparis obtusa, or by striking a flint against iron) before going on the stage.
- 倭姫命が伊勢神宮を建立するまでに八咫鏡を順次奉納した場所は元伊勢と呼ばれる。
- The locations where Yamatohime no Mikoto dedicated the sacred mirror, Yata no Kagami, before building Ise Jingu Shrine are called Moto Ise.
- 道鏡は神託を否定するが、下野国の薬師寺 (下野市)造寺別当として左遷された。
- Although Dokyo opposed the shintaku (oracle), he was relegated to a lower position as a betto (administrator of a Buddhist temple) for Yakushi-ji Temple in the Province of Shimotsuke.
- なお『増鏡』では、懌子内親王の美しさに目を留めた亀山院が密かに関係を結んだ。
- According to 'Masukagami' (The Clear Mirror), Kameyamain drew attention to Imperial Princess Ekishi's beauty and had a secret relationship with her.
- 後世の俗書では弓削道鏡との血縁であるなどの伝説もあるが、もちろん証拠はない。
- Some lowbrow books of later generations stated a legend that Prince Yuge was a blood relative of YUGE no Dokyo, but of course there is nothing to prove this legend.
- これは、銅鏡を棺の中に入れて死者と共に埋めるという倭人特有の習俗とみられる。
- It is believed to be particular manners of people in ancient Japan that bronze mirrors were buried together with the dead in a coffin.
- また、鏡も弥生時代前期末に渡来し、中期末以降列島でも生産されるようになった。
- Bronze mirrors were also introduced at the end of the early Yayoi period and the manufacture in the Japan Archipelago started on and after the middle period.
- また、誰でもが銅鏡を所有出来るのではなく、有力者や司祭者などに限られていた。
- However, not everybody but only the powerful and priests were allowed to own it.
- また景初3年、正始元年の銘の鏡もリアルタイムのものとして問題なく理解できる。
- That mirrors inscribed with 239 and 240 were also made in those years is understandable without question.
- 吾妻鏡の原資料についての際だった研究を行ったのは、八代国治と五味文彦である。
- It was Kuniji YASHIRO and Fumihiko GOMI who conducted an excellent study on the original source material for Azuma Kagami.
- いわゆる「四鏡」の最初の作品であり、内容的には2番目に古い時代を扱っている。
- It is the first of the so-called 'Four Mirrors,' although it describes the second-oldest period.
- 正月の間は食べず鏡開きのときに固くなったものを包丁を用いず、木槌等で砕き割る。
- This mochi is not eaten during the new year period and, after this mochi becomes hard, is crushed with a wooden hammer, etc., without using any knife in kagami-biraki (a ceremony held on January 11).
- 『増鏡』によれば、粗末な「網代の御輿にさかさまに」乗せられて送還されたという。
- According to the 'Masukagami' historical tale, he was sent back to Kyoto upside down on a crude 'wickerwork mikoshi portable shrine.'
- 鏡を作った者が、何らかの理由で魏の年号を使いたかったことにはほぼ間違いがない。
- There is little doubt that the person who made the mirror wanted to use the name of Wei for some reason.
- 政庁第3期に対応する10世紀段階の条坊遺構は鏡山案の想定域に近い範囲に存在する。
- The jobo remains of the 10th century that correspond to the third period of the government exist in an area close to the area supposed by the Kagamiyama proposal.
- 文字の未だ定まっていない時代に、任命書に代えて鏡ではなく銅鐸を授与したという説。
- The fifth is that dotaku were used as an appointment letter instead of mirrors in the times when characters were not established yet.
- 安田義定が『吾妻鏡』の三人の大将の一人に挙げられ、山の手を守る教経を討っている。
- 'Azuma Kagami' depicts Yoshisada YASUDA, who was one of the three generals, killing Noritsune, who guarded the fortress on the hilly section of the city.
- ドイツ民話であり童話である『白雪姫』に登場する魔法の鏡は、鏡の精霊が宿ったもの。
- The magic mirror, which appears in the German folklore and fairy tale 'Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,' is the one where the spirit of mirror dwells.
- 『百器徒然袋』(右上の画像がそれ)では、公家の屋敷にある丸鏡として描かれている。
- Ungaikyo in 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro' (cf. the upper right image) was illustrated as a round mirror in a Court noble's residence.
- 醜婦は鏡を取って化粧してみるが、自分が醜いので自暴自棄に泣き崩れるというあら筋。
- The old woman looks in a mirror and starts putting on makeup, but breaks down in tears of despair recognizing her unseemliness.
- 一方で、『吾妻鏡』の壇ノ浦の戦いの戦果報告の戦死者、捕虜の中には教経の名はない。
- However, the name Noritsune is not included in the list of war dead and prisoners for the report on results of the Battle of Dan-no-ura in 'Azuma Kagami.'
- 『大鏡』などによると伊周は自らが関白たらんと欲し、一条天皇の意中も伊周にあった。
- According to 'Okagami' Korechika himself wanted to become Kanpaku, and Emperor Ichijo also had Korechika in mind.
- 上総介広常は頼朝が梶原景時に殺させたが、その理由は『吾妻鏡』でも明らかではない。
- Yoritomo forced Kagetoki KAJIWARA to murder Hirokazu KAZUSANOSUKE, but the reason why he did it is not written even in 'Azuma Kagami.'
- また、この事件には道鏡側よりも宇佐八幡宮側の事情が強く関わっているという説もある。
- Some advocate that Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine side is strongly involved in this incident rather than the Dokyo side.
- なお『吾妻鏡』によれば、畠山重忠は範頼の大手軍に属しており、義経の軍勢にはいない。
- However, according to the 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), Shigetada HATAKEYAMA belonged to the Ote army of Noriyori and did not belong to Yoshitsune's army.
- 餅を 1cm 内外のサイコロ状に切断、または前記鏡餅で砕いた破片等を油で揚げた餅。
- Mochi produced by cutting mochi into cubes each having a side which is around 1-cm long and frying them, or by frying the scattered pieces of kagami-mochi described above.
- いずれが先であったとしても14世紀末には既に2種類の『増鏡』が存在したようである。
- Whichever came first, it seems that there already existed two versions of 'Masukagami' by the end of the 14th century.
- 流布系承久記と若干内容が違う場面があり、「吾妻鏡」からの補入があるとの指摘もある。
- It contains slightly different scenes from the popular edition of Jokyuki, and some people pointed out that it was supplemented by a history book, 'Azuma Kagami.'
- 幕府軍は道々で徐々に兵力を増し、『吾妻鏡』によれば最終的には19万騎に膨れ上がった。
- Along the way, the ranks of the shogunal army swelled until in the end, if the 'Azuma kagami' can be believed, they had assembled an army of 190,000 horsemen.
- が、父の死後は嘗て父の弟子であった月の家圓鏡(後の橘家圓蔵 (7代目))に師事する。
- But after the death of his father, he trained under Enkyo TSUKINOYA (later Enzo TACHIBANAYA (the seventh)), a disciple of his father.
- 『国姓爺姿写真鏡』(古今彦惣 こきん ひこぞう)「傾城古今と黒木屋彦惣の情話」の世界
- Tha world of 'A love story of keisei (a courtesan) Kokin and Hikozo KUROKIYA' from the 'Kokusenya Sugatano Utsushie'(Hikozo KOKIN).
- 気の合わぬ者同士の葛藤から生じる悲劇は、吉右衛門によって「男の鏡山」と評されていた。
- The tragedy resulting from the incompatibility of two people was referred to by Kichiemon as 'Males' Kagamiyama' (a play which depicts a feud between ladies-in-waiting).
- 歴代将軍ごとに事績をまとめて「将軍記」として『吾妻鏡』に倣って日記風に記述している。
- The text is a 'shogun-ki' (lit. shogun record) that consolidates the achievements of each successive shogun in a diary fashion based on that of the 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East).
- 特に泉鏡花、徳田秋声、小栗風葉、柳川春葉の四人は藻門下(紅葉門下)四天王と呼ばれた。
- Among them, Kyoka IZUMI, Shusei TOKUDA, Fuyo OGURI, and Shunyo YANAGAWA were referred to as the Shitenno (the four heavenly kings).
- その主従関係は、後の時代の『吾妻鏡』や、御家人の伝承の中にしか見いだすことが出来ない。
- This master and servant relationship was not found other than in 'Azuma Kagami' of later periods and what was passed down through gokenin.
- 次の徳川家康は吾妻鏡を手本とし清和源氏を称し、征夷大将軍の位に就き、江戸幕府を開いた。
- Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the shogun after Hideyoshi, claimed member of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) by following 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), assumed the post of seii taishogun, and established the Edo bakufu.
- 『吾妻鏡』は頼家の死因についてとくに記していないが、おそらく暗殺されたと見てよかろう。
- 'Azuma Kagami' did not mention about the cause of death of Yoriie, but it can be deemed that Yoriie was assassinated.
- 妖怪研究家(作家)・多田克己らの著書においては、雲外鏡は、鏡の付喪神と解釈されている。
- Some people, like Katsumi TADA, a ghost researcher and a writer, explain in their books that Ungaikyo is a mirror version of Tsukumo-gami.
- ほかに舒明天皇・天智天皇・有間皇子・鏡王女(かがみのおおきみ)・藤原鎌足らの歌もある。
- This period contains poems composed by Emperor Jomei, Emperor Tenji, Prince Arima, Kagami no Okimi, and FUJIWARA no Kamatari.
- 『水鏡』独自の記事があるわけではなく、皇円が著した『扶桑略記』から抄出したものである。
- There is no article that is unique to 'Mizukagami,' but all of them are taken from sections of 'Fuso ryakki' (A Short History of Japan) written by Koen.
- 1月10日には自らを征夷大将軍に任命させた(後世の編纂史料『吾妻鏡』『百錬抄』による。
- On January 10th, he appointed himself as Seii Taishogun (according to 'Azuma Kagami' and 'Hyakurensho' historical records compiled later.
- また「吾妻鏡」では時政のことを「豪傑」と記し、「介」や都の官位等は何も表記していない。
- Tokimasa is described as a 'heroic figure' in the Azuma Kagami, but nothing about 'suke' or official ranks of the central government is recorded in the chronicle.
- 1892年(明治25年)10月1日、泉鏡花『冠弥左衛門』京都の「日出新聞」に掲載開始。
- On October 1, 1892, Kyoka IZUMI started serializing 'Kanmuri Yazaemon' in 'Hinode Newspaper' published in Kyoto.
- 埋葬施設は竪穴式石室で、副葬品は呪術的な鏡・玉・剣・石製品のほか鉄製農耕具が見られる。
- These 'kofun' interment facilities were structured with a vertical style stone chamber, and burial goods were contained inside: Magical goods, mirrors, gems, swords, and stone objects in addition to iron farming tools.
- 魏から親魏倭王の仮の金印と銅鏡100枚を与えられる(『三国志』では同二年(238年))。
- She was given an improvised gold seal of Shingi Wao and 100 bronze mirrors by the King of Wei (according to 'Sanguo Zhi,' this occurred in 238).
- 仲麻呂は、淳仁天皇を通じて孝謙上皇に道鏡への寵愛を諌めさせたが、これが上皇を激怒させた。
- Nakamaro, by way of Emperor Junnin, remonstrated Retired Empress Koken for her patronage of Dokyo, which angered Koken.
- これは、『吾妻鏡』『玉葉』『平家物語』の義経が一ノ谷の陣を攻略したという記述と矛盾する。
- This contradicts with the depictions of Yoshitsune capturing the Ichinotani camp in the books of 'Azuma Kagami,' 'Gyokuyo,' and 'Heike Monogatari.'
- 一方で、『吾妻鏡』や『平家物語』の記述どおりに逆落としの場所は鵯越であるとの説も根強い。
- On the other hand, some historians and experts continue to support the entrenched theory for the location of 'sakaotoshi' as Hiyodorigoe, as depicted in 'Azuma Kagami' and 'Heike Monogatari.'
- 1943年(昭和18年)8月、大阪中座「鏡獅子」の胡蝶で四代目坂東鶴之助を名乗り初舞台。
- He made his first appearance on stage in August 1943 by the name, Tsurunosuke BANDO IV, performing as Kocho of 'Kagamijishi' (The Lion Dance) at Osaka Nakaza theater.
- 理由は、大の甘党の上に、ドイツ留学中に細菌を顕微鏡で見て以来潔癖症になってしまったため。
- This is because he not only loved sweets but also because he became obsessed with cleanliness after observing germs under a microscope while studying in Germany.
- 『増鏡』の写本のうち世良親王に「ヨヨシ」尊良親王に「タカヨシ」とふりがなしたものがある。
- In part of a written copy of Masukagami, the name of the Prince 世良 is accompanied by an instruction to read as 'yoyoshi,' and the name of prince 尊良 has an instruction to pronounce as 'takayoshi.'
- さらに、宇佐八幡宮神託事件及び道鏡に関する記述に政治的意図が含まれているという説もある。
- Moreover, there is a view that articles about both a plot by the oracle of Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine and Dokyo, a Buddhist priest, contained political intent.
- よって、『吾妻鏡』十七日条は、義経失脚後、その説明をするために創作されたものと思われる。
- Therefore, it is supposed that the August 17 article of 'Azuma Kagami' was created after the downfall of Yoshitsune in order to explain the reason.
- 景初四年(年号は正始_(魏)に変わり存在しないが西暦240年を指す。)三角縁盤龍鏡2面。
- Two Sankakubuchi Banryu Mirrors in 240 (4th Year of Jingchu [the name of an era had changed and it no longer exists but it is 240 in Western calendar system]).
- 那珂八幡古墳(福岡市博多区、三角縁五神四獣鏡、前期、後円部正円形でない、墳丘長約75m)
- Nakahachiman-kofun Tumulus (Hakata Ward, Fukuoka City, Sankakubuchi Goshin Shijukyo, in the early period, not a precisely round shape in the rounded part, about seventy-five meters long in the hill tomb)
- 原勝郎が『吾妻鏡の性質及其史料としての價値』を表したのはそれに対する警鐘だったのだろう。
- It would have been as a warning against this that Katsuro HARA came out with 'The Nature of Azuma Kagami and Its Worth as a Historical Material.'
- 鏡背に神獣(神像と霊獣)が鋳出され、中国、魏 (三国)の年号を銘文中に含むものも多くある。
- The divine beasts (image of a deity and holy animals) were cast on the back and many mirrors included the names of eras of China and the Wei dynasty (Three States Period) in inscriptions.
- 『吾妻鏡』の一ノ谷の戦いの合戦記述には軍記物語の『平家物語』の影響があるという指摘もある。
- Some scholars point out that 'Heike Monogatari,' which is a war chronicle, influenced the description of the battle of Ichinotani in 'Azuma Kagami.'
- その後、孫王は仏典をよく読みこなし「ちゑふかくおはしましけり」(『今鏡』)と評判になった。
- Subsequently, Sonno (grandson of the Emperor) read many Buddhist scriptures, and he was well known as 'a very smart child' ('Ima Kagami/The Mirror of the Present').
- 『今鏡』序文によれば、高倉天皇の嘉応2年(1170年)とされるが、それ以降とする説もある。
- According to the preface of 'Imakagami,' it was completed in 1170, in the era of the Emperor Takakura, but some say that it was completed later.
- 三角縁神獣鏡は中国国内では1面も出土しておらず、中国の鏡ではないと中国の学者が述べている。
- No Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirrors have been discovered in China and Chinese scholars say that it is not Chinese.
- 卑弥呼に下賜された銅鏡は100枚だが、それをはるかに超える数の三角縁神獣鏡が出土している。
- Though 100 bronze mirrors were given to Himiko as an imperial grant, many more Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirrors were discovered.
- ただし、『吾妻鏡』には上総介広常は後に殺されることを予感させるような人物像として描かれる。
- However, Hirokazu KAZUSANOSUKE was depicted as a person who is destined to be murdered later in 'Azuma Kagami.'
- 榊(もしくは梛)の枝に春日明神の御神体(依代)である神鏡を付け、注連をかけて神木としている。
- It is made up of a twig of 'sakaki' (Cleyera japonica, an evergreen shrub in Japan) or 'nagi' (Podocarpus nagi, an evergreen tall tree in Japan), 'sime' (sacred rice-straw ropes), and the sacred mirror as 'goshintai' (also called 'yorishiro,' the object of worship housed in a Shinto shrine and believed to contain the spirit of a deity, and here, the deity is 'Kasuga Myojin' [the deity of Kasuga-taisha Shrine]).
- 逃亡していた師仲は、神鏡を手土産に六波羅に出頭するが処罰は厳しく、下野国への配流が決定した。
- Moronaka, who had fled, returned and brought the Sacred Mirror back to Rokuhara as a gift, yet his punishment remained severe; he was exiled to Shimotsuke Province.
- 孝謙天皇・道鏡と対立した太帥(太政大臣)・藤原仲麻呂(恵美押勝)が乱を起こして、滅ぼされた。
- Daijo-daijin (grand minister of state) FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (also called EMI no Oshikatsu) conflicted with Empress Koken and Dokyo, rebelled against them, but was eventually defeated.
- 後期になると、地域によっては「柄鏡型」とよばれる入り口部分を外側に張り出した住居が出現する。
- By the latter half of the period, dwellings with entrances that protruded outward, known as the 'ekagami' type, began to appear in some regions.
- 『吾妻鏡』と『平家物語』を創作であると捨てて、厳密に『玉葉』のみを採れば、下記の記述がある。
- If we eliminate 'Azuma Kagami' and 'Heike Monogatari' due to their fictional natures, strictly interpreting only Gyokuyo,' then the depictions of the battles would change to the following.
- 女形では『菅原伝授手習鑑・寺子屋』の千代、『鏡山旧錦絵』のお初・岩藤、『伽羅先代萩』の八汐。
- As oyama, his important works are Chiyo in 'Sugawara denju tenarai kagami; terakoya' (Terakoya (temple elementary school during the Edo period) of Sugawara's secrets of calligraphy), Ohatsu in 'Kagamiyama kokyo no nishikie' (old brocade pictures of Mt. Kagami) and Yashio in 'Meiboku sendai hagi' (The trouble in the Date Clan).
- 雲外鏡(うんがいきょう) は、特殊な鏡が長い年月を経たのちに変じたという、日本の妖怪の一種。
- The term 'Ungaikyo' is a type of a Japanese ghost, that metamorphizes from a peculiar mirror after the passing of many long years.
- 『増鏡』(南北朝時代_(日本)成立)には『とはずがたり』の文章が数段に渡って用いられている。
- 'Masukagami' (written in the Northern and Southern Court period of Japan) uses several paragraphs from 'Towazugatari.'
- 『水鏡』・『愚管抄』など鎌倉時代の歴史書にもしばしば引用され、後世に与えた史的意義は大きい。
- The book was often quoted in the history books in the Kamakura period such as 'Mizu Kagami' (The Water Mirror) and 'Gukansho' (Selections of the Opinions of A Fool), and had a great influence on later generations.
- 長女:鏡子(明治20年3月23日結婚、徳川達孝夫人、明治6年6月2日~明治26年9月29日)
- First daughter: Kyoko (June 2, 1873 - September 29, 1893, married Satotaka TOKUGAWA, on March 23, 1887)
- この記述から、銅鏡は邪馬台国の所在地を決定づける手掛かりになるのではないかと期待されている。
- It is expected that bronze mirror will be the clue to determine the location of Yamataikoku Kingdom with this description.
- 『大鏡』は大友皇子が天武天皇になったとする単純な誤りがあり、史料としての信頼性に疑問がある。
- 'Okagami' (the Great Mirror) contains an erroneous description that Prince Otomo became Emperor Tenmu, and there is a question about its reliability as a historical document.
- 景初三年陳是作鏡自有経述本是京師杜□□出吏人□□□(位)□(至)三公母人?之保子宜孫寿如金石
- In 239, Ching has made this mirror. Here is my history. I used to live in Yangzhou of Wu in China as a mirror maker but now I am in exile living in the end of the land. (After this sentence it is hard to comprehend because of the partly corrupted characters) May your life be long like a golden stone and may your flesh and blood be prosperous.''
- 原勝郎は、史料として吾妻鏡の価値は「主として守護地頭其他の法制に關係ある事實」にあるとする。
- Katsuro HARA recognized the value of Azuma Kagami as a historical material 'mainly in the facts related to the legal system of Shugo, Jito and others.'
- 1887年に発掘され、鉄轡や鉄製馬具の破片、銅鏡、勾玉など、400点余りの副葬品が発見された。
- This kofun was excavated in 1887, and more than four hundred funerary goods such as pieces of iron bits and iron harnesses, bronze mirrors, and magadama comma-shaped bead were discovered.
- 先鋒の朝倉景鏡を押し返すなど健闘を見せるが、浅井対馬・玄蕃の2千に側面から攻撃を仕掛けられる。
- Although Yoshinari's forces fought bravely by pushing back Kageakira ASAKURA who led the allied forces, they were attacked on the flank by 2,000 soldiers from the Genba and Tsushima ASAI armies.
- 『吾妻鏡』によると二位ノ尼が宝剣と神璽を持って入水、按察の局が安徳天皇を抱いて入水したとある。
- According to the 'Azuma kagami,' Tokiko jumped holding the Sword and Jewels, while it was Lady Azechi who jumped holding Emperor Antoku.
- しかし、同型の鏡の分布からここまでダイナミックな過程を想定するのは無理があるとも言われている。
- However, some people say that it is impossible to imagine such a dynamic process with the distributing the same form of mirrors.
- 地方によっては正月の鏡餅の上に載せるなど、祝い事の飾りつけのほか、神饌としても用いられている。
- In some areas Ise ebi is put on Kagami-mochi (a round rice-cake offered to a deity) as a decoration for celebration, and it is also used as one of the shinsen (food and alcohol offerings to the deities).
- 『扶桑略記』『水鏡』『宇治拾遺物語』ではこの際彼女が父である大海人皇子に情報を流したとされる。
- According to 'Fuso Ryakki' (A Brief History of Japan), 'Mizu Kagami (The Water Mirror)' and 'Uji Shui Monogatari' (a collection of the Tales from Uji), she is considered to have released information at that time to Prince Oama (Oama no Miko), her father.
- 外祖父兼家に容姿が酷似して立派であったといい、兼家の鍾愛を受けて育ったことが『大鏡』に見える。
- According to 'O-kagami (The Great Mirror),' it is said that the Emperor looked very much like his maternal grandfather, Kaneie, so he won his favor.
- 宮中三殿賢所(けんしょ・かしこどころ)に御神体として奉られている神器、八咫鏡の承継儀式である。
- This is a ceremony to pass the sacred treasures, Yata no kagami (the sacred mirror) which is enshrined as God at Kensho, Kashikodokoro (one of the palaces in the Three Shrines in the Imperial Court).
- また、無断任官問題は『吾妻鏡』の創作であり、「政治センスの欠如」という評価は当らないのである。
- The story that he accepted the title from the court without permission is a creation of 'Azuma Kagami,' and the criticism that he lacked the 'political sense' is not adequate.
- その点は『水鏡』なども同じで、天智が行方不明になったのでその2日後に大友皇子が即位したとする。
- 'Mizu Kagami' also contains erroneous descriptions, saying that Tenchi went missing and two days later Price Otomo was enthroned.
- こうしてみると、北条政村の家に伝わる記録が相当『吾妻鏡』に反映されているのではとも推測される。
- So it is conjectured that the records handed down in the family of Masamura HOJO are considerably reflected in 'Azuma Kagami.'
- そして『吾妻鏡』は「そもそも時頼の方が優れていて、泰時の眼鏡にも適っていたのだ」と言っている。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami,' 'Tokiyori was superior, and so found favor with Yasutoki.
- 『吾妻鏡』によると出家の直接の理由は所領を巡る訴訟に敗れた際、梶原景時の言動に怒ったためである。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami,' the direct reason as to why Naozane would become a priest was because of Naozane's angry reaction toward the speech and conduct of Kagetoki KAJIWARA at the time of Naozane losing a lawsuit concerning a matter of territory.
- 地鎮祭、定礎、上棟式、~開き(事務所・ピアノ・鏡、etc.)、中締め・お開き、一本締め・三本締め
- Jichinsai (ground-breaking ceremony), Teiso (laying of foundation stone), Jotoshiki (the roof-laying ceremony), something Hiraki (or biraki) (opening, start, etc.) (e.g. jimushobiraki (opening of office), pianobiraki (start of playing the piano), Kagamibiraki (cutting and eating of Kagamimochi (a large, round rice cake offered to a deity), etc.), Nakajime (break) and Ohiraki (breakup (of a ceremony, wedding, party, meeting, etc.)), and Ipponjime (three sets of three claps and one final clap performed at the end of a special event) and Sanbonjime (three sets of Ipponjime)
- 信玄期以前においても『吾妻鏡』の史料批判による鎌倉時代の研究や、南北朝・室町期の研究も行われた。
- The study was conducted on the pre-Shingen era based upon the criticism of 'Azuma Kagami' as well as on the Northern and Southern period and the Muromachi period.
- これを三種の神器に対応させて、鏡は八咫鏡、剣と比礼は草薙剣、玉は八尺瓊勾玉であるとする説もある。
- One theory compares these ten with the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family, so the mirrors represent the Yata no Kagami (mirror), the sword and hire represent the Kusanagi no Tsurugi (sword), and the magadama represent the Yasakani no Magatama.
- 仲麻呂が淳仁天皇を通じて道鏡への寵愛を諌めたところ、孝謙天皇は淳仁天皇から政権を奪ってしまった。
- Nakamaro, through Emperor Junnin, remonstrated with the Retired Empress Koken on her favor towards Dokyo, but she eventually stripped all power away from the emperor.
- 70歳を越えた老僧が老眼鏡も無い時代に苦労して書写した写本であり、解読に困難な文字が少なくない。
- As a monk more than 70 years-old labored to make this manuscript in an age without reading glasses, there are quite a few letters that are hard to decipher.
- 磨かれた鏡面の裏側には中心に鈕(つまみ)があり、その周囲にさまざまな画像や文様が鋳出されている。
- There was a handle on the center of the reverse side of the polished mirror, around which various images and designs were given.
- そこでは「対応資料の見出せない場合には一切吾妻鏡を採録せず、後日の研究を俟つことにした」とする。
- He also claimed that 'when we can't identify the corresponding material, we don't transcribe from Azuma Kagami at all, instead we wait for a future study.'
- 『吾妻鏡』では午の刻(12時ごろ))平氏一門の多くが死ぬか捕らえられ、戦いは源氏の勝利に終わった。
- In the 'Azuma kagami' the time is given as the hour of the Horse, or about noon), most of the Taira clan had died or been captured, and the battle ended in a victory for the Minamoto clan.
- しかし、潮流に関しては、合戦について簡潔にしか記していない『吾妻鏡』にはもちろん触れられていない。
- However, it goes without saying that the 'Azuma kagami,' which only describes the battle in a very simple, brief manner, doesn't mention the tides at all.
- 栄耀栄華を極めた仲麻呂だが、光明皇太后が死去し、孝謙上皇が弓削道鏡を寵愛しはじめたことで暗転する。
- Once reaching the prosperity, the fate of Nakamaro turned for the worse after the death of Empress Dowager Komyo and the Retired Empress Koken began to make a favorite of YUGE no Dokyo.
- だが、そもそも鏡を任命書として与えるような権力者、集団が当時日本列島に存在したかがまず問題である。
- However, it is doubtful in the first place whether such a powerful person or group as gave a mirror for an appointment letter existed in the Japanese islands at that time.
- 位人臣を極め、栄耀栄華を誇った仲麻呂一族だが、孝謙上皇が道鏡を寵愛するようになって運命は暗転する。
- Nakamaro's family dominated the highest ranking positions and was surrounded by wealth and power until the Retired Empress Koken began to favor Dokyo.
- なお、のちに『増鏡』が執筆された折に『五代帝王物語』を参照して描かれたと考えられる部分が存在する。
- 'Masukagami' (The Clear Mirror), which was written later, contains a part that seems to be written, referring to 'Godai Teio Monogatari.'
- 敦康親王は『大鏡』に「御才(ざえ)いとかしこう、御心ばへもいとめでたうぞおはしましし」と記された。
- In 'Okagami' (The Great Mirror), Prince Atsuyasu is described as being, 'blessed with outstanding intelligence and kind and considerate to others.'
- 『吾妻鏡』の筆者はこれを評し、「尤も精兵と謂うべきか(非常に強い兵士と言うべきか)」と書いている。
- The author of the 'Azuma Kagami' commented on his word and wrote, 'Shouldn't he be called an extremely strong warrior?'
- 『吾妻鏡』は「判官贔屓」の構図を作り、源氏から政権を奪った北条氏の立場を正当化していると見られる。
- It seems that 'Azuma Kagami' fomented the sympathy for Yoshitsune (Hogan-biiki) with the intention to justify the position of the Hojo clan that deprived the Minamoto clan of the power.
- 平安時代以降は、鏡背に鶴、鴛鴦(おしどり)、菊、桐などの日本式の文様を表した「和鏡」も製作された。
- After the Heian period, 'Japanese mirror' having Japanese designs such as crane, mandarin duck, chrysanthemum or paulownia on its reverse side was produced.
- 日本製説の研究者からは以下のような疑問点が指摘されているが、卑弥呼の鏡説の研究者からの反論もある。
- Researchers advocating that the mirror was produced in Japan point out the following questions while those advocating Himiko's mirror disagree.
- 出土する鏡は、大陸からの輸入品の舶載鏡と、それを模した国産の仿製鏡(ほうせいきょう)に分類される。
- Mirrors excavated are classified into load ship mirrors which were imported from the continent and domestic Hoseikyo mirrors which were modeled after the former.
- このことから、奈良を中心とする近畿地方(奈良・大阪・京都)に三角縁神獣鏡の出土が多いことがわかる。
- This shows that many Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirrors were discovered in the Kinki region (Nara, Osaka, and Kyoto Prefectures) centering on Nara Prefecture.
- 宗教・祭祀用具としての機能をもち、近代に西洋よりガラス鏡が伝来普及するまで一般に広く使われていた。
- It functioned as a religious, rites and festivals tool and it had been widely used until modern times in which grass mirrors were introduced from the West and spread.
- 例えば『吾妻鏡』の1181年(養和元年)8月13日条の記述には木曽義仲追討の宣旨が出されたとある。
- For example, the entry in 'Azuma Kagami' dated August 13, 1181, says that an Imperial order to send a punitive force against Yoshinaka KISO was issued.
- また、女性が銅鏡台に供えた鏡餅を開く事を「初顔」を祝うといい、二十日(はつか)にかける縁語とした。
- Also, the event of kagamibiraki carried out by a woman using a kagamimochi offered before a bronze-mirrored dressing table is called a celebration of 'hatsukao (the first face),' and this word is an engo (word associated) with the word 'hatsuka,' meaning the twentieth day.
- 『吾妻鏡』に記載されている本庄朝次は家次の嫡子であり、複数の系図にも、家次→朝次→本庄有次とある。
- Tomotsugu HONJO who appeared in 'Azuma Kagami' was the legitimate child of Ietsugu and one or more of family tree described Ietsugu => Tomotsugu => Aritsugu HONJO.
- 道鏡は、やがて765年(天平神護元年)には太政大臣禅師、翌766年(天平神護2年)には法王となった。
- In 765, Dokyo became daijodaijin zenji (grand minister of state and master of Zen Buddhism) and the next year, the Emperor of Buddhist Law.
- また国友一貫斎(藤兵衛重恭)は「気砲」と呼ばれる蓄気ボンベ式の空気銃や高性能望遠鏡の開発で知られる。
- Ikkansai KUNITOMO (Tobeshigeyuki) was known for the development of high power telescopes and a compressed gas cylinder air gun called a 'kiho.'
- 土俵に拳をつける立ち合いは江戸時代の元禄の大相撲力士の鏡山仲右衛門が始めたものが広まったものである。
- An Ozumo wrestler named Okinoemon KAGAMIYAMA, who lived during the Genroku era in the Edo period, started a tachiai style of touching a dohyo with his fist, and other wrestlers began to adopt this style.
- 「序破急」の語は、猿楽、世阿弥の書『花鏡』、『三道』、『風姿花伝』で触れられているので、有名である。
- The word 'johakyu' is well known because this word is mentioned in 'Kakyo,' 'Sando' and 'Fushikaden' (these three books form the doctrine of Noh art) written by Zeami.
- 『増鏡』によると佶子は大変容姿が優れており、同母兄の権中納言洞院公宗に恋慕されるほどであったという。
- According to 'Masukagami' (The Clear Mirror), Kitsushi had such a beautiful figure that her elder brother with the same mother, Gon Chunagon (Provisional Middle Counselor), Kinmune TOIN was amorous of her.
- 義経主従が山伏に変装して奥州に下向する逸話は『吾妻鏡』、『源平盛衰記』、『義経記』などに拠っている。
- The anecdote that Yoshitsune and his servants disguised as yamabushi (mountain priests) and headed for Oshu is based on 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), 'Genpei Seisui ki' (Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and the Taira clans), 'Gikeiki' and so forth.
- また、「源氏物語小鏡」などの一部の古注釈にも「すもりの巻」や「巣守三位」にふれているものが存在する。
- In addition, some old commentaries such as 'Genji monogatari kokagami' (Small Mirror of The Tale of Genji) also mention 'Chapter of Sumori' or 'Sumori Sanmi.'
- 鏡の銘文中では、「京師」は都の鏡づくり師であり、「州師」は州の鏡づくり師の意に解せられる場合が多い。
- In the inscriptions of mirrors, it is often understood that 'Keishi' refers to the mirror craftsman for a capital and 'Shushi' for a state.
- 『吾妻鏡』によれば、5月25日に鋳造は完了し、『東大寺続要録』によれば、6月1日に磨き終ったとする。
- According to 'Azuma kagami' (The Mirror of the East), on June 23, casting was completed, and polishing was finished on June 23 according to 'Todai-ji zokuyou roku' (A Sequel to the Digest Record of Todai-ji Temple).
- そして『吾妻鏡』の該当箇所と、オリジナルであろうとするものの該当箇所、計29ヶ所を具体的に紹介した。
- And he presented the 29 parts of the text in question with records which seemed to be the source materials.
- また『吾妻鏡』1241年(仁治2年)11月29日条と翌11月30日条にはこういうことが書かれている。
- Also, the following is written in the entries dated November 29 and 30 in 1241.
- 江戸時代には御絵所狩野家の承るところとなり、江戸城本丸表舞台の鏡板絵を構図の範として描くようになった。
- In the Edo period, painting pictures on kagami-ita was the role of o-e-dokoro (persons in charge of painting pictures) the Kano family and they started to paint the pictures employing kagami-ita pictures of the front stage in the main enclosure of Edo-jo Castle as the model of the layout of the pictures.
- 類似点が多いもの、および、類縁ではないが「不可思議な鏡」という点での相似性が見られるものをここに示す。
- A mirror that has many similarities to Ungaikyo, and other supernatural mirrors - though not similar to Ungaikyo - are explained below.
- 『日本書紀』には、鏡王(かがみのおおきみ)の娘で、大海人皇子(天武天皇)に嫁し、十市皇女を生むとある。
- According to 'Nihon Shoki,' Nukata no Okimi was a daughter of Kagami no Okimi who married Oama no miko (Prince Oama, later Emperor Tenmu) and gave birth to Tochi no Himemiko (also pronounced Toichi; Princess Tochi).
- 賢木(さかき)を根ごと掘り起こし、枝に八尺瓊勾玉と八咫鏡と布帛をかけ、フトダマが御幣として奉げ持った。
- They also dag Sakaki (cleyera japonica) from its root, on whose branches Yasaka no Magatama, Yata no Kagami, and fuhaku (cotton, silk, textile fabrics) were hung, and Futodama held it as a gohei (wooden wands, decorated with two Shide [zigzag paper streamers]).
- 鏡山いざたちよりて見てゆかむ年へぬる身は老いやしぬると(古今集899。左註に黒主の歌かとする説を記す)
- Let's drop by Mt.Kagami (鏡山) and look at myself in a mirror like its name (鏡 means mirror, 山 means mountain) whether I get old or not (Kokin Wakashu 899, there was a comment that said it might be Kuronushi's poem).
- 貞永元年(1225年)に御成敗式目が制定された際に康連が中心人物であったことは、『吾妻鏡』にも見える。
- In 1225, Yasutsura led the proclamation of 'Goseibai shikimoku,' according to a description in 'Azumakagami.'
- 銅鏡は、銅鐸とともに弥生時代を特徴づける出土品とされ、分布により銅鏡・銅鐸文化圏などが論じられている。
- Bronze mirror is considered to be an unearthed article characteristic of Yayoi period along with bronze bell, and discussions on the mirror and bronze bell cultural region, and others according to the distribution have been under way.
- 実際、日本書紀では「咫」と書いているものを、古事記では「尺」の字で書いているもの(八尺鏡など)がある。
- In fact, the Chinese character 咫 (reads as ata) seen in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) was replaced with 尺 (reads as 'shaku') in Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), which is exemplified by Yata no kagami (八咫鏡) replaced with 八尺鏡.
- 八代国治が1913年(大正2年)に著した『吾妻鏡の研究』はその後長い間『吾妻鏡』研究のベースとなった。
- After that, 'A Study of Azuma Kagami' written by Kuniji YASHIRO in 1913 had been the primary study of 'Azuma Kagami' for a long time.
- 秋田県大仙市豊川の水神社所蔵『線刻千手観音等鏡像』は11世紀に鏡面に線刻が施されたとみられる銅鏡である。
- 'Senkoku Senju Kannon tokyozo mirror' possessed by Sui-jinja Shrine in Toyokawa, Daisen City, Akita Prefecture is a bronze mirror on which line engraving seemed to be made in the 11th century.
- 文治二年(1186年)閏七月二十二日(東鏡)源頼朝は平康頼を阿波国の天領麻植(おえ)保の保司に任命した。
- On September 14, 1186, according to Azumakagami (The chronology of the Kamakura bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]), MINAMOTO no Yoritomo appointed TAIRA no Yasuyori as hoshi of Oe no ho, a shogunal demesne in the Province of Awa.
- しかし、『吾妻鏡』によれば、阿波重能は合戦後の捕虜に含まれており、このような内応は実際はなかったようだ。
- But according to the 'Azuma kagami,' Shigenori AWA numbered among the prisoners of war in the battle, and nothing at all is mentioned of any treachery by him.
- 鎌倉幕府後期に得宗専制の立場から編纂されたと見られる後代史書吾妻鏡によれば事件の経過は以下の如くである:
- In 'Azuma Kagami' (the Mirror of the East), a history book assumedly compiled in the last years of the Kamakura bakufu from the viewpoint of the tyrannical Tokuso (head of the Hojo clan), the progress of the incident is described as follows:
- 『風姿花伝』『至花道』『花鏡』といった能楽論を執筆して、実演・実作・理論の諸方面で能楽の大成につとめた。
- He also wrote theory books of Nohgaku such as 'Fushikaden,' 'Shikado' and 'Kakyo,' trying to establish Nohgaku in the fields of performance, writing Noh dramas and theory.
- 『増鏡』における後鳥羽院はこうした和歌をはじめとする「宮廷文化の擁護者」としての側面をより強調している。
- The Go-Toba-in shows the aspect of his support for court culture in 'Masukagami.'
- 花山天皇は当世から「内劣りの外めでた」等と評され、乱心の振る舞いを記した説話は『大鏡』『古事談』に多い。
- Emperor Kazan was commented upon by the people in those days, who said 'the Emperor himself is not so smart but his aids are'; there are many anecdotes in 'Okagami (The Great Mirror)' and 'Kojidan' describing Emperor Kazan's abnormal behavior.
- 景初三年(西暦239年)三角縁神獣鏡と神獣鏡種類、画文帯神獣鏡(大阪府和泉市黄金塚古墳)が、各1面ずつ。
- Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror, Divine Beasts Mirror Kind and Gabuntai Shinjukyo Mirror (Imperial mausolea and tombs of Koganezuka Tumulus in Izumi City, Osaka Prefecture) each in 239.
- 『吾妻鏡』と同じく後年の編纂である『百錬抄』にも、このときに「義仲追討の宣旨が出された」との記載がある。
- 'Hyakuren-sho,' which was also compiled later as well as 'Azuma Kagami,' contains an account saying that 'an Imperial order to send a punitive force against Yoshinaka was issued.'
- 「三角縁神獣鏡は古墳ばかりから出土しており、邪馬台国の時代である弥生時代の墳墓からは1枚も出土しない。」
- All triangular-rimmed mirrors were unearthed from tumuli and there are no triangular-rimmed mirrors from tombs in the Yayoi Period, which was the time of Yamatai.'
- その日の晩に鏡の宿に到着すると、夜も更けてから自分で髻を結い、懐から取り出した烏帽子をかぶって元服した。
- Arriving at the Kagami no Shuku in the evening, he waited until the fall of night before arranging his own hair and donning the eboshi (formal headwear for court nobles), thus celebrating his entrance into manhood.
- 『栄花物語』は『大鏡』とは対照的に批判精神に乏しく、物語性を重要視するあまり、史実との齟齬を多く有する。
- Compared to 'Okagami' (The Great Mirror),' Eiga Monogatari' has less of a critical spirit, and it treats the narrative as being so important that the descriptions are often inconsistent with history.
- また、『今鏡』には藤原南家出身の信西の平治の乱での最期と彼が天文道に通じたことが結びつけて書かれている)。
- In addition, in the book 'Imakagami (The Mirror of the Present)', some connection was stated between the death of Shinzei, a member of the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan, in the Heiji War, and his deep knowledge of Tenmondo.)
- 大宰府に条坊が存在することを最初に想定したのは、のちに九州大学教授となる鏡山猛で、1937年のことである。
- Takeshi KAGAMIYAMA, who later became professor of Kyushu University, was the first person who supposed in 1937 that there had been jobosei in Dazai-fu.
- 戦前に、鏡開きのときにできる餅屑を勿体無いと考えた茶商が、これを炒って茶葉に混ぜたのが始まりとされている。
- In prewar times, a chasho (tea dealer), who found the scraps of mochi left after the kagamibiraki (the custom of cutting and eating a large, round rice cake, which has been offered to the gods at New Year, on January 11) wasteful, roasted and mixed them with tea leaves, and this was said to be the beginning of genmaicha.
- 『吾妻鏡』には建久3年(1191年)に源頼朝の元に年貢として長い鮑(熨斗鮑)が届けられたという記録がある。
- It is recorded in 'Azuma Kagami' (history book written around 1300, in the late Kamakura period) that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo received a long dried abalone (noshi awabi) as a tribute in 1191.
- 奈良県葛城市の「角刺神社」は飯豊女王の「角刺宮」跡と伝えられ境内に飯豊王女が鏡として使ったという池がある。
- Tsunosashi Shrine' in Katsuragi City, Nara Prefecture is said to have been remains of 'Tsunosashi palace' of Iitoyo Princess and in the shrine there is a pond which she used as a mirror.
- 鏡王は他史料に見えないが、「王」称から2世 - 5世の皇族(王族)と推定され、一説に宣化天皇の曾孫という。
- Kagami no Okimi may have been a member of the ozoku (kozoku (the Imperial Family) who are second- to the fifth-generation descendants of an emperor) judging by the title '王' (O, which was used by male descendants of emperors up to the fifth generation), although his name does not appear in any other historical source; moreover, according to one theory, he may have been a great-grandson of Emperor Senka.
- しかし、「吾妻鏡」には「北条殿」と記されているのみでその「北条介」がどの程度のものであったのかは疑わしい。
- However, since 'Azuma Kagami (Mirror of Azuma),' known as the chronicle of Azuma, simply used the title 'HOJO dono' for the rank of HOJO, it is unclear what the title 'Hojo no suke' in fact meant.
- クエン酸で表面の汚れが除去され、そこに錫アマルガムが付着することでメッキ状態になり、美しい鏡面が得られた。
- Grime on the surface was removed by citric acid, wherein tin amalgam was attached to become tinned, and then a beautiful surface of the mirror was obtained.
- 北条時頼について八代国治が指摘するのはその卒去の記述『吾妻鏡』1263年(弘長3年)11月22日条である。
- As for Tokiyori HOJO, Kuniji YASHIRO pointed out the account of his death in the entry dated November 22, 1263.
- 1260年(文応元年)7月6日条など、金沢家にあった北条実時の記録としか思えない記事が『吾妻鏡』にはある。
- It can be only concluded that the entry dated July 6, 1260 in 'Azuma Kagami' came from the record of Sanetoki HOJO which was in the Kanazawa residence.
- つまり魏の王朝が卑弥呼や壱与に下賜するために特別に鋳造したのが三角縁神獣鏡であるという新説が提出されている。
- New theory that it was Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror that Wei dynasty specially casted for presenting as an imperial grant to Himiko and Iyo has been submitted.
- もち米を搗くまではどの地方でも同じ製法をとるが、その後の形成方法は関東地方と関西地方で異なる(鏡餅を除く)。
- The same production method is used in every area in Japan to process by pounding boiled glutinous rice, however, the shaping method used following this process differs between Kanto Region and Kansai Region (except kagami-mochi: literally, mirror mochi, which is round mochi offered to deify at the New Year's Day).
- 鏡餅が現在のような形で供えられるようになったのは、家に床の間が作られるようになった室町時代以降のことである。
- Kagami-mochi came to be offered in the style found in the present day after the Muromachi period, when houses began to feature the tokonoma (an alcove in a traditional Japanese room where art or flowers are displayed).
- その罪を芝六の子・三作が引き被り、石子詰の刑を受けようとするが、鎌足の働きで助けられ、采女と神鏡も見つかる。
- Sansaku, son of Shibaroku, tries to take the guilt on himself and receive punishment by Ishikozume (a death penalty that buries a guilty person alive in a hole filled with stones), but he is saved by Kamatari and also Uneme and the divine mirror are found.
- 正和元年3月28日 (旧暦)(1312年5月5日)に奏覧され(『増鏡』)、切継作業を経て同2年10月に完成。
- It was submitted to the emperor for inspection on May 5, 1312 ('Masukagami' (The Clear Mirror)), and completed in October 1313 after some further editing.
- 徳一が『仏性抄』(ぶっしょうしょう)を著して最澄を論難し、最澄は『照権実鏡』(しょうごんじっきょう)で反駁。
- Tokuitsu made an argument against Saicho by authoring 'Busshosho,' and Saicho made a counterargument in 'Shogon-jikkyo.'
- 言うまでもなく、それが『吾妻鏡』を歴史資料として利用する上で、もっとも注意しなければならない点だからである。
- Needless to say, we have to pay careful attention to them in order to use 'Azuma Kagami' as a historical material.
- そしてそれらのことから、『吾妻鏡』は日記の体裁を取りながらも、明らかに後世での編纂物であると八代は断定する。
- Because of these things, YASHIRO concluded that although 'Azuma Kagami' takes a form of diary, it was definitely compiled in later ages.
- 2000年の『増補 吾妻鏡の方法』において五味文彦はどのようにアプローチしたのかというと主に次の2点である。
- Fumihiko GOMI examined the work in 'Enlarged Edition of the Method of Azuma Kagami' in 2000 on the following two points.
- 原文は『吾妻鏡』や『平家物語』に納められているが、令旨としての形式に不備があり、史料によって文言に異同がある。
- The text of his proclamation is recorded in the 'Azuma kagami' (Mirror of the East) and the 'Heike monogatari,' but as a princely command it has formal and structural defects, and the exact wording varies with the source.
- 義満の北山殿にあった会所、天鏡閣は二階建てであり、これには禅宗文化の影響が見え、唐物との親和性はよかったろう。
- The Tenkyokaku, which was a Kaisho at Kitayamadono of Yoshimitsu, was two stories high and the Zen culture could be observed together with its affinity with karamono was well.
- この型式編年を利用して、出現期古墳はどの段階の鏡を持つかで古墳が年代的に古いかどうかが判断できるようになった。
- By utilizing this chronology in the type, the phase of the mirror discovered in the tumulus made it possible to judge if the tumulus is chronologically old.
- その鏡面には邪(よこしま)な雰囲気を漂わせつつ舌を出してこちらに視線をくれる化け物の顔面が浮かび上がっている。
- And in the mirror is the face of an evil-looking ghost staring at us with its tongue out.
- 形状として、輪車(環状)根付・差根付(さしねつけ)・饅頭根付・箱根付・形彫根付・柳左根付・鏡蓋根付などがある。
- For shape, there are 輪車(環状)根付, Sashi netsuke (long, slender netsuke carved in three dimensions or with relief carving), Manju netsuke (round, flat netsuke), Hako netsuke (box-type netsuke), Katabori netsuke (figural, three-dimensional sculpture), Ryusa netsuke (manju-shaped netsuke with openwork design), Kagamibuta netsuke (mirror-lid netsuke), etc.
- 鏡餅には、ユズリハ・熨斗・エビ・コンブ・ダイダイなどを載せるのが通例となり、これは具足餅(武家餅)と呼ばれた。
- It became customary to place yuzuriha (Daphniphyllum macropodum), noshi (a thin strip of dried abalone wrapped in folded red-and-white paper), shrimp, kelp, bitter orange and so forth on kagami-mochi; this style was called Gusoku-mochi (literally, armor rice cakes) or Buke-mochi (literally, samurai family rice cakes).
- なお、神社によっては岡山県の鏡野町(旧上齋原村)の上齋原村神社などは裸祭を廃止し、女相撲に変えたところもある。
- Some shrines such as Kamisaibara-jinja Shrine in Kagamino-cho (former Kamisaibarason Village), Okayama Prefecture, abolished the traditional naked festival and switched to female sumo wrestling.
- そして、淳仁天皇が孝謙上皇と道鏡との関係について諫言したことを契機にして両者の関係は対立するようになっていく。
- Emperor Junnin protested against the relationship between Retired Empress Koken and Dokyo, which led to the confrontation between them.
- 二条は優れた人物で「末の世の賢王におはします」(『今鏡』)と賞賛され、愚昧とされた父・後白河とは対照的だった。
- Emperor Nijo was a fine person, praised as 'a good Emperor in a degenerate age' ('Imakagami'), opposite to his ignorant father, Emperor Goshirakawa.
- 高御座の構造は三層の黒塗断壇の上に御輿型の八角形の黒塗屋形が載せられていて、鳳凰・鏡・椅子などで飾られている。
- The structure of the Takamikura consists of three levels of covered black stairs with a palace shaped portable octagon shrine sitting on top, and is decorated with a mythical sacred bird (phoenix) from Chinese lore, mirrors, and chairs.
- 吾妻鏡は基本的には価値の高い史料であるが、源頼朝の死亡時期に、3年以上の記事がないなど欠落している箇所もある。
- Basically Azuma Kagami is a historical material of great value, but it has some parts missing over a three year period around the time of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's death.
- 5月14日、高城率いる正義隊など6個中隊は延岡街道鏡山の熊本鎮台警備隊を襲撃し、追撃して馬見原、川口に進出した。
- On May 14, six companies including Seigi-tai led by Takagi and others assailed the guard of Kumamoto Garrison in Mt. Kagami along the Nobeoka-kaido Road, and advanced to Mamihara and Kawaguchi, chasing the guard.
- 宝亀元年(770年)に女帝が死去すると、皇太子は白壁王と決定され、道鏡は下野国の下野薬師寺へ左遷(配流)された。
- When the empress died in 770, Prince Shirakabe was decided as the Crown Prince; Dokyo was demoted to Shimotsuke Yakushi-ji Temple in Shimotsuke Province.
- 上記の通説は幕府の編纂書『吾妻鏡』貞応3年6月28日条に記された伊賀氏謀反の「風説」を事実と認定した上での説だ。
- The common belief stated above is a theory which identified the 'rumor' of the Iga clan's rebellion described in the article of June 28th of Joo era in 'Azuma Kagami' (a chronicle of the early history of the Kamakura bakufu) as a fact.
- 鏡王女(かがみのおおきみ、生年不詳 - 天武天皇12年7月5日 (旧暦)(683年8月2日))は藤原鎌足の正妻。
- Kagami no Okimi (year of birth unknown - August 5, 683) was a legal wife of FUJIWARA no Kamatari.
- 歴史物語の『大鏡』や説話集の『今昔物語』『宇治拾遺物語』『十訓抄』はいくつかの晴明に関する神秘的な逸話を載せる。
- Historical tale of 'Okagami' and collections of narratives such as 'The Tale of Times Now Past,' 'The Tale of Ujishui' and 'Jukkinsho' contain several mysterious anecdotes related to Seimei.
- 副葬品としての鏡は、前・中・後期には、いわゆる漢鏡もしくは漢式鏡であったが、終末期古墳では隋・唐鏡になっている。
- Mirrors as burial goods were so-called Han mirrors or Han style mirrors in the early, mid and late period, and they later came to be Zui-Tang mirrors among the tombs of the Final Kofun period.
- 後漢の尺は 23.04センチメートル であるから、直径 46cm 前後の円鏡を指し、現在 4 枚の出土例がある。
- 1 shaku in the Later Han Dynasty China was set at 23.04 centimeters (2 shaku), so it means the mirror of about 46 centimeter in diameter, and by now 4 circular mirrors of this size have been excavated in China.
- 歴史小説と同じ感覚で『吾妻鏡』を読む者はともかく、歴史史料としてこれを読む者にこの記述を鵜呑みにする者はいない。
- The readers who take 'Azuma Kagami' as a historical novel might believe it, but nobody who reads this as historical material accepts it as true without question.
- 五味文彦は『吾妻鏡』の原史料として3つの類型が浮かび上がるとするが、ここでは説明の都合上、4つ目を追加しておく。
- According to Fumihiko GOMI, there are three historical sources for 'Azuma Kagami,' but the fourth one will also be added here for convenience.
- 明治時代の歴史学者星野恒と原勝郎は、範囲にだいぶ隔たりはあるのだが『吾妻鏡』の少なくとも後半は日記だろうとした。
- Hisashi HOSHINO and Katsuro HARA, historians in the Meiji period, thought that at least the latter half of 'Azuma Kagami' was a diary, although the way the two defined the term was very different.
- 『吾妻鏡』に征夷大将軍の館を「幕府」と称している例が見られるが、当時、武家政権を「幕府」と呼んでいたわけではない。
- In 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), there are instances in which the residence of the shogun is referred to as 'bakufu' but samurai government was not called 'bakufu' at the time.
- さらに、本項目の経過説明のような一般に語られる『吾妻鏡』『平家物語』を元にした合戦解説は全て虚構ということになる。
- Additionally, all of the general explanations of the battle based on 'Azuma Kagami' and 'Heike Monogatari' would be fiction, such as the progress explanation in this section.
- 北辰一刀流剣術・神道無念流剣術・心形刀流・鏡心明智流・天然理心流剣術等、新興の試合稽古重視の流派が各地に誕生した。
- Schools which placed emphasis on training matches, such as Hokushin Itto-ryu Kenjutsu, Shinto Munen-ryu Kenjutsu, Shinkageto-ryu School, Kyoshin Meichi-ryu School and Tennen Rishin-ryu Kenjutsu, were established in various places.
- 力士が、「両手の手(拳)を土俵に付けてから立ち会う」事は、江戸時代中期の人物で紀伊出身の鏡山沖右衛門から始まった。
- Okinoemon KAGAMIYAMA, a sumo wrestler who lived during the mid Edo period and was from Kii Province, developed a tachiai starting with both hands (fists) touching the dohyo.
- そのために『花鏡』、『至花道』、『三道』などの伝書を執筆し、自己の能楽理論の継承と座の繁栄を磐石たらしめんとした。
- For the purpose of accomplishing it, he wrote densho (books handed down from ancestors) such as 'Kyoka, 'Shikado' and 'Sando' in order to consolidate the succession of his Noh theory and the prosperity of his troupe.
- また、表記の解釈は同様で、「鏡王の女(むすめ)」とは額田王自身のことを指すのではないかという新説も提出されている。
- A new hypothesis derived from the same assumption states that '女 (daughter of) 鏡王' might actually have been Nukata no Okimi herself.
- 大鏡の後を受けて後一条天皇の万寿2年(1025年)から高倉天皇のまでの13代146年間の歴史を紀伝体で描いている。
- Continuing Okagami, it treats the history for 13 generations, 146 years, from 1025, the era of the Emperor Goichijo to the Emperor Takakura in biographical historiography.
- 秀吉は宗治を武士の鏡として賞賛し、6月6日 (旧暦)には高松城に杉原家次を置いて山陽道を東へ向かった(中国大返し)。
- Hideyoshi praised Muneharu as a model for samurai, and by July 5, he left Ietsugu SUGIHARA in Takamatsu-jo Castle and headed east on Sanyodo Road, which is known as Chugoku Ogaeshi (the term refers to the reaction to the Honno-ji Incident by Hideyoshi HASHIBA, in which he rushed back to Bitchu even though he was in a battle with Mitsuhide AKECHI in Yamazaki which is near the boundary between Settsu Province and Yamashiro Province when he learned of the news).
- しかし、強い自我を持っており、西洋占星術で用いられる水晶球を鏡に変えたようなところもあって、雲外鏡とは大きく異なる。
- But this magic mirror is quite different from Ungaikyo, because the former has a strong ego and is characteristic of the crystal ball used in the Western astrology.
- 化け物の正体を明らかにする「照魔鏡(しょうまきょう)」と呼ばれる鏡が、長い年月を経た末に妖怪化したものとされている。
- Sekien illustrates a mirror called 'Shomakyo,' in which the image of a ghost appears and then changes into the actual ghost itself after a number of years have passed by.
- 鏡はすだれ御簾(みす)の陰から半面のみ姿を見せており、怪しげな黒雲(あるいは、そのような意匠の鏡立て)を伴っている。
- The right half of the mirror is hidden behind a blind screen, accompanied by a weird black cloud (or by a mirror stand with such a design).
- これとは別に、祝宴などで酒樽の蓋を木槌で割って開けることを鏡開きと呼ぶ場合があるが、元来は鏡抜きが正しい表現である。
- The expression 'kagamibiraki' is also used occasionally to refer to the opening of a sake barrel by breaking its lid with a wooden hammer at a feast; however, the correct expression of this event is 'kagaminuki.'
- 『増鏡』には弘安8年(1285年)に彼女が開いた母・貞子(准后)の九十賀(90歳の祝賀)の盛大な様子が描かれている。
- The lavish ceremony she threw in 1285 for the ninetieth birthday celebration of her mother Sadako (Jugo - an honorary rank next to the Empress) is described in 'Musukagami' (The Clear Mirror).
- 記事に3年分の欠損はあるが、島津本の『吾妻鏡脱漏』部分を全て含み、それ以外にも日の単位で数百箇所が吉川本のみにある。
- Although it has three years of missing accounts, it contains the whole 'The Omitted Portion of Azuma Kagami,' and other than this there are hundreds of daily entries which exist only in the Yoshikawabon.
- 團十郎とのコンビで「鏡獅子」「素襖落」などを振り付け、他にも坪内逍遥の新歌舞伎「お夏狂乱」等も手がけ一時代を築いた。
- In partnership with Danjuro, he composed the choreographies of 'Kagamijishi (The Lion Dance)' and 'Suo otoshi (literally, dropping down suo)' and also undertook new kabuki titled 'Onatsu Kyoran' (Onatsu's Madness) and so on and left his mark on the history of kabuki.
- 『吾妻鏡』の記載が終了する文永3年(1266年)以降の鎌倉時代に起こった事件の概要を研究するうえで貴重な史料である。
- It is an important historical material to study an outline of the incidents occurred during the Kamakura period, especially after 1266, when the description of 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) ended.
- 中国の三国時代の呉と倭国が公的に交渉を行った文献は全くないが、遺物としては呉の年号を記す画文帯神獣鏡が二面存在する。
- Although there is no evidence of an official negotiation between Wakoku and Wu in the Three Kingdoms period, two Gabuntai Shinjukyo Mirror (Mirror with figures of duties and sacred animals) with the name of the era in Wu exists as a relic.
- 彼らの中には、三角縁神獣鏡を、卑弥呼の遣使を記念して呉 (三国)の工人などに日本で作らせたものだと主張する者もいる。
- Some of them advocate that the Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror was produced in Japan by craftsmen and others in the Wu dynasty (Three Kingdom) in celebration of Himiko's dispatch.
- 銅鏡は各時代に製作されたが、歴史・考古学用語としては中国、朝鮮、日本の遺跡から発掘される青銅製の鏡を指すことが多い。
- Although it was made in various periods, as a historical and archaeological term, it often refers to the bronze mirror excavated from the remains in China, Korea and Japan.
- 『吾妻鏡』における義時の重忠擁護、重忠の過剰な賛美記事は武蔵の英雄を滅ぼした北条氏弁護のための作為と考えられている。
- It is thought that the entries that referred to Yoshitoki's protection of Shigetada and excessive praise of Shigetada in the 'Azuma Kagami' were made up to defend the Hojo clan, which had destroyed the hero of the Musashi Province.
- 『大鏡』は物語が190歳の大宅世継と180歳の夏山繁樹の2人の翁の対話で展開することから『世継物語』とも呼ばれている。
- 'Okagami' (the Great Mirror) is called 'Yotsugi Monogatari' (The Tales of Yotsugi) in that the story is progressed through the conversation between a 190 year-old okina (old man) named OYAKE no Yotsugi and a 180 year-old okina named NATSUYAMA no Shigeki.
- しかし、『平家物語』や上記『吾妻鏡』では義経の戦った場所は鵯越(一ノ谷から東方8キロ)となっており鵯越説も根強くある。
- However, according to 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike) and the above mentioned 'Azuma Kagami,' Yoshitsune fought at Hiyodorigoe (eight kilometers to the east from the Ichinotani region), so some historians and experts still strongly support the Hiyodorigoe theory.
- - 正月(三が日は1日~3日)、新年、初夢、年賀状(1日が主)、新学期、初詣、七草粥、新年会、鏡開き(11日)、左義長
- New Year's Holidays (the first three days of the New Year from the 1st to the 3rd), New Year, Hatsuyume (the first dream in the New Year), Nengajo (New Year's card) (mainly on the first day), new semester, Hatsumode (the practice of visiting a shrine or temple at the beginning of the New Year), Nanakusagayu (seven-herb rice porridge), New Year's party, Kagamibiraki (the custom of cutting and eating a large, round rice cake, which had been offered to the gods at New Year's, on January 11) (the 11th day), and Sagicho (ritual bonfire of New Year's decorations)
- 翌年、病に伏せった孝謙上皇は、看病に当たった弓削氏の僧・道鏡を寵愛するようになるが、それを批判した淳仁天皇と対立する。
- The next year, Retired Empress Koken came to favor Buddhist monk Dokyo of the Yuge clan, who took care of her when she was taken with ill, which caused another conflict with Emperor Junnin who criticized her behavior.
- 『今鏡』でもその才能を絶賛する一方で、陰陽道の家の出でもないのに天文学に通じたがために災いを受けたのだと評されている。
- His outstanding intellect was highly praised in 'Imakagami' (a collection of historical stories); on the other hand, he is said to have brought disaster by studying astronomy even though he was not from the family of Onmyodo, the way of Yin and Yang.
- つまり1302年前後の幕府・得宗家を支える主要メンバーの家の形成が『吾妻鏡』の中にきちんと織り込まれていることが解る。
- In short, the process of forming the important family members who supported the Tokuso family administration around 1302 can be seen in 'Azuma Kagami.'
- 『無名草子』や『今鏡』、『源氏一品経』のように古い時代の資料に『源氏物語』を60巻であるとする文献がいくつか存在する。
- There exist some old references like 'Mumyozoshi,' 'Imakagami (The Mirror of the Present)' and 'Genji Ipponkyo,' which state that there are 60 volumes in 'The Tale of Genji.'
- 信頼・成親は義朝とともに武装して出陣するが、源師仲は保身のため三種の神器の一つである内侍所(神鏡)を持ち出して逃亡した。
- Nobuyori and Narichika joined Yoshitomo in taking up arms and marching out to battle, but MINAMOTO no Moronaka, in order to save his own life, took one of the three Imperial Regalia of Japan, the sacred Mirror, and fled.
- 同年10月1日 (旧暦)(11月7日)に称徳天皇が詔を発し、道鏡には皇位は継がせないと宣言したため、事件の決着がついた。
- The incident ended when Empress Shotoku issued an imperial rescript on November 17 of the same year, declaring that she would not let Dokyo ascend the Imperial Throne.
- これに怒った道鏡は清麻呂を因幡員外介として左遷し、さらに称徳天皇は清麻呂を除名し大隅国へ配流した(宇佐八幡宮神託事件)。
- Dokyo got angry about his report and relegated Kiyomaro as Inaba no ingainoge and Emperor Shotoku expulsed him to Osumi Province (plot of Usa Hachiman-gu oracle).
- 仲哀天皇の熊襲征伐の途次、岡県主の熊鰐、伊都県主の五十迹手がそれぞれ白銅鏡、八尺瓊と共に十握剣を差し出して降伏している。
- When Emperor Chuai was on his way to subjugating Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu region), Wani of Oka no Agatanushi (the ruler of Tsukushi region) and Itote of Ito no Agatanushi (the ruler of Ito region) surrendered offering Totsuka no Tsurugi swords to him together with Maso kagami (a bronze mirror) and Yasakani (a big jewel) respectively.
- 寿永3年(1184年)、鎌倉に召し出され憐憫する源頼朝によって旧領が返還された(『吾妻鏡』同年6月23日 (旧暦)条)。
- In 1184, when Tameyasu was summoned to Kamakura, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo felt sorry for him and arranged a return of his former fief to him (according to the article of June 23 [old calendar], 1184, of 'Azuma Kagami' [the Mirror of the East]).
- その八代国治は、『吾妻鏡』の価値について、原と同じように政権闘争史に関する史料としては、一等史料として信用し難いとする。
- Like Hara, Kuniji YASHIRO also considered that as a first-class historical material concerning the history of a struggle for political power, it is hard to believe 'Azuma Kagami.'
- 神護景雲3年(769年)、太宰府の主神(かんづかさ)中臣習宜阿曾麻呂が「道鏡が皇位に就くべし」との宇佐八幡の託宣を報じた。
- In 769, NAKATOMI no Suge no Asomaro, Kantsukasa (ritual official) of Dazaifu (Government Headquarters in Kyushu), reported the oracle of Usa Hachiman God that 'Dokyo shall assume the throne.'
- このとき、看病の為に近づけたのは宮人(女官)の吉備由利(吉備真備の姉妹または娘)だけで、道鏡は崩御まで会うことはなかった。
- Kibi no Yuri (sister or daughter of KIBI no Makibi), a court lady (female servant), was the only person allowed to watch at her bedside and Dokyo never saw her until she passed away.
- 「日記の家」の代表格は小野宮流藤原氏(『中右記』寛治5年11月12日条ほか)及び平高棟平氏(『今鏡』すべらぎの下)である。
- Representative examples of such 'houses with diaries' include the Onomiya line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, which had the 'Chuyuki' (especially noteworthy is its entry for Novenber 12, 1091), and the TAIRA no Takamune line of the Taira clan (particularly the entry 'Suberagi no moto' [Under the Emperor] in their 'Imakagami').
- また、『吾妻鏡』の人名の誤記や混同の多さから考えて、本来は、「庄三郎右衛門」と考えられ、本庄三郎左衛門は誤記と考えられる。
- In view of many writing errors for person's names and confusions of 'Azuma Kagami', 'Saburoemon SHO' is considered to be correct for his name and 'Saburozaemon HONJO' be wrong.
- 『吾妻鏡』に見える重国の最後の記録は、建久5年(1194年)12月15日 (旧暦)条の導師を迎える馬の割り当て記事である。
- The last record on Shigekuni in 'Azuma Kagami' is the article of December 15 (in old calendar), 1194, recording allocation of horses to welcome Buddhist priests.
- 『吾妻鏡』に他の無断任官者と共に「平山季重、顔はふわふわとして、とんでもない任官である」と頼朝に罵られた記述が残っている。
- In 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), there remains an anecdote that Yoritomo cursed him and other appointees who received the conferment without Yoritomo's previous consent, saying, 'Sueshige HIRAYAMA, he looks woolly-minded, and his appointment is outrageous.'
- 一方邪馬台国=九州説を主張する研究者は、三角縁神獣鏡全体が(魏の年号が刻まれてはいるが)後世の偽作物であると見なしている。
- On the other hand, researchers advocating the Yamatai-Koku kingdom in the Kyushu region consider the all Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirrors were be forged by future generations (though the name of era in Wei dynasty was inscribed on them.)
- 「よって、三角縁神獣鏡は邪馬台国の時代のものではなく、後のヤマト王権が邪馬台国との関係を顕示するために偽作したのものだ。」
- Therefore, triangular-rimmed mirrors do not belong to the time of Yamatai, and the later Yamato rulers forged them in an attempt to demonstrate a relationship with Yamatai.'
- 『吾妻鏡』を重要な歴史史料として最初に評価したのは1889年(明治22年)に『吾妻鏡考』を発表した歴史学者の星野恒である。
- Hisashi HOSHINO, who published 'A Review of Azuma Kagami' in 1889, was the first historian who regarded 'Azuma Kagami' as an important historical material.
- これは、「羽黒鏡」と総称され、花鳥を題材とした伸びやかで優雅な文様を特色としており、和鏡の研究に欠かせない資料となっている。
- These mirrors are referred to as 'Haguro-kyo mirrors' as a whole, and are characterized by graceful patterns based on flowers and birds; they are the important references for researching Japanese mirrors.
- 「江戸」という地名は、鎌倉幕府の歴史書『吾妻鏡』が史料上の初見で、おおよそ平安時代後半に発生した地名であると考えられている。
- The first written record pertaining to the name 'Edo' first appeared in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), a Kamakura-bakufu (c.1185 - 1333) history, but the name itself is said to be a place name that emerged in the latter half of the Heian Period (794 - c.1185).
- この来日の際には、幕府に朝鮮国王直筆の親書、銅鏡が進呈され、また使節団が神君とされる大権現家康が眠る日光東照宮を参拝をした。
- The envoy that came to Japan in this occasion presented to the bakufu a message written directly by the King of Korea and bronze mirrors, and visited Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine where daigongen (Great Avatar) Ieyasu, considered having been Shinkun (a god-like head of Japan), was buried.
- ここには清姫の墓と伝えられる石塔があるほか、清姫渕、衣掛松、清姫のぞき橋、鏡岩など、伝説にまつわる史跡が数多く残されている。
- As well as a stone pagoda which has been considered as a grave of Kiyohime, there are many historic sites related to the legend such as Kiyohime buchi pool, Kinukake no matsu (pine tree), Kiyohime nozokibashi (bridge), kagami iwa (mirror rock), and so on.
- 日本神話に登場するものとしては、三種の神器の一つの八咫鏡や日像鏡・日矛鏡などがあり、鏡を神体として社に祀っていることがある。
- There are Yata no Kagami (the sacred mirror of Yata), one of the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family, and Higata and Hiboko mirrors as the objects appearing in Japanese Myths, and some are enshrined in a shrine as a deity.
- 三角縁神獣鏡の出土を府県別にみると京都府が50枚以上、次いで奈良県の44枚が群を抜いており、福岡県、大阪府が30枚台である。
- The discovery of Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirrors by prefecture amount to more than fifty in Kyoto Prefecture and fourty-four in Nara Prefecture, which are outstanding, followed by thirty or more in Fukuoka and Osaka Prefectures.
- 道鏡事件で和気清麻呂が宇佐神宮の神託を訊きに行く等、古代において国家の大事や天皇の即位時には宇佐神宮へ勅使が必ず遣わされた。
- In ancient times, when an important incident such as Dokyo Incident in which Wake no Kiyomaro went to receive an oracle of Usa-jingu Shrine, or the enthronement of an emperor, Imperial envoys were always dispatched to Usa-jingu Shrine.
- 「五月丙午(へいご、ひのえうま)」とは、盛夏を意味し、刀剣や鏡などの金属器を造る時、太陽から火を採る最適の日と考えられている。
- Hinoeuma in May' means the midsummer, which is considered the best day to make fire from the sun when metal utensils such as swords and mirrors are made.
- 「癸未年八月日十 大王年 男弟王 在意紫沙加宮時 斯麻 念長寿 遣開中費直穢人今州利二人等取白上同二百旱 作此鏡」(福山俊男)
- In the eighth month of a gui-wei year, in the reign of the great king, when the prince Wooto was at the Oshisaka Palace, Shima, wishing for longevity, sent two persons to make this mirror from 200 han of brand-new and fine bronze (Toshio FUKUYAMA).
- 建久4年(1193年)5月28日 (旧暦)に富士の巻狩りの際に起きたこの事件について公式に書かれた文書は「吾妻鏡」以外にない。
- Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) is the only document that officially describes this incident that occurred at Fuji no Makigari (Hunting session at Mt. Fuji) on July 5, 1193.
- 同じく『吾妻鏡』によると、養和元年(1181年)7月20日 鶴岡若宮宝殿上棟式典で、頼朝は義経に大工に賜る馬を引くよう命じた。
- According to the above mentioned 'Azuma Kagami,' during the topping-out ceremony of the treasury hall of Tsurugaoka-wakamiya Shrine held on July 20, 1181, Yoritomo ordered Yoshitsune to pull the horse that was to be given to the carpenter.
- 道隆と道兼は言葉もなかったが、道長のみは「影を踏むことはできないでしょうが、その面を踏んでやりましょう」と答えている(大鏡)。
- Michitaka and Michikane didn't say a word, but Michinaga alone answered, 'I may not be able to step on his shadow, but I can step on his face' (Okagami).
- 逆にこのような年号を持ちながら、邪馬台国=九州説論者の主張のようにこの鏡が邪馬台国と無関係とするならば、それこそ不自然である。
- On the contrary, the theory that this mirror was not related to the Yamatai-Koku kingdom despite the name of the era as maintained by researchers who advocate Yamatai-Koku kingdom in Kyushu region is rather inconsistent.
- 平氏軍は500艘(『吾妻鏡』)で、松浦党100余艘、山鹿兵籐次秀遠300余艘、平氏一門100余艘(『平家物語』)の編成であった。
- The Taira clan had 500 ships (according to the 'Azuma kagami'), which were divided into 100 under Akira MATSUURA, 300 under Hyotoji Hideto YAMAGA, and 100 under the command of Taira clan members (according to the 'Heike monogatari').
- 広嗣の弟である藤原良継や藤原百川は称徳天皇の後継に光仁天皇を擁立することに成功し、道鏡・吉備真備に代わって政権の中枢に躍り出た。
- FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu and FUJIWARA no Momokawa, younger brothers of Hirotsugu, were successful in helping Emperor Konin to succeed Emperor Shotoku, and rose in the heart of the government instead of Dokyo and KIBI no Makibi.
- 天の安河の川上にある堅い岩を取り、鉱山の鉄を採り、鍛冶師の天津麻羅を探し、イシコリドメに命じて八咫鏡(やたのかがみ)を作らせた。
- Next, they took the hard rocks from the upper Ame no Yasu-kawa River, extracted the iron from a metal-mountain, searched for a blacksmith, Amatsumara, and ordered Ishikoridome to make Yata no Kagami (the eight-span mirror, one of the Imperial regalia).
- 『水鏡』は、「10月には大友皇子を東宮に立てた」、「天智天皇10年12月3日に失せたため、同5日に大友王子が位を継いだ」とする。
- 'Mizu Kagami' says that 'Prince Otomo was appointed as togu in October' and 'since the emperor died on December 3, in the 10th year of Emperor Tenchi, Prince Otomo succeeded the throne on December 5'.
- このとき、時政の息子である北条義時は、重忠とは友人関係にあり、あまりに強引な畠山氏排斥を唱える父に対して反感を抱く(吾妻鏡より)
- At that time, Tokimasa's son, Yoshitoki HOJO, maintaining friendly relationship with Shigetada, felt antipathy toward his father who urged the rejection of the Hatakeyama clan too agressively (from 'Azuma Kagami' [The Mirror of the East]).
- また戦いの後の元暦二年四月十一日の条に戦いでの平氏方の戦死者、捕虜の報告に続いて「内侍所(八咫鏡)と神璽(八尺瓊勾玉)は御座すが。
- Furthermore, after the battle, the entry for the eleventh day of the fourth month of Genryaku 2, which reports on those of the Taira faction that died in battle or were captured, also records that 'The Eight-Span Mirror and the Grand Jewels have arrived.
- 吾妻鏡の記事中では、鎌倉入りの前に事前調査させた泰時によって「謀反の噂は事実ではなく、騒ぎ立てるな」と伊賀氏謀反は否定されている。
- In 'Azuma Kagami,' it is stated that Yasutoki HOJO had investigated on the matter before entering the capital of Kamakura, and denied the rebellion of the Iga clan as 'an untrue rumor which should not be made a fuss about.'
- 「鮓」の読みは『新選字鏡』(899-901年)で「酒志」、「鮨」の読みは『倭名類聚抄』(931-938年)に「須之」とされている。
- 'Shinsenjikyo' (899-901) defined a pronunciation of '鮓' as '酒志' (sushi), and 'Wamei-ruijusho' (encyclopedia edited in the Heian period) defined a pronunciation of '鮨' as '須之' (sushi).
- 行司家は、五条家をはじめ、吉岡家、服部家、尺子家、一式家、岩井家、式守家、木村家、木瀬家、鏡山家、長瀬家など、その他多数存在した。
- There existed many gyoji families such as the Gojo family, the Yoshioka family, the Hattori family, the Shakushi family, the Isshiki family, the Iwai family, the Shikimori family, the Kimura family, the Kise family, the Kagamiyama family, the Nagase family, and so on.
- 8月 (旧暦)の十五夜に月明かりの下(もと)で石英のトレイに水を張り、その水で鏡面に化け物の姿を描くと、鏡の中に化け物が棲みつく。
- If you run water into a tray made from quartz - under the moonlight on the fifteenth night of the eighth lunar month - and portray a ghost on a mirror with the water, a ghost will haunt the mirror.
- 近年、奈良県黒塚古墳でも三角縁神獣鏡の大量副葬例があり、被葬者にとって三角縁神獣鏡はそれほど珍しくないものであったことが伺われる。
- Recently, the case of many Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirrors buried with a dead person in the Kurozuka Tumulus in Nara Prefecture was clarified, which reflected that the Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror was not so uncommon amongst buried people.
- 鏡王女の素性は額田王以上に謎に包まれており、額田王の姉という説があるが、『日本書紀』には二人が姉妹だという記述はなく、確証はない。
- Her origin is even more mysterious than that of Nukata no Okimi; although a theory states that Kagami no Okimi was an older sister of Nukata no Okimi, there is no description in 'Nihonshoki' to indicate that they were sisters, and thus no proof for the theory.
- 北条本と島津本の差分『吾妻鏡脱漏』のその差分は祈寿祭礼に関する記事が多いと既に述べたが、北条本と吉川本の差分についても同様である。
- As already mentioned, the differences between Hojobon and Shimazubon in 'The Omitted Portion of Azuma Kagami,' mainly deal with accounts of prayers and ceremonies, and can also be applied to the differences between Hojobon and Yoshikawabon.
- 倭の五王の上表文や隅田八幡神社鏡銘、埼玉県稲荷山古墳出土鉄剣銘文などから、5世紀代には文字が日本で使用されていると考えられている。
- Judging from Johyobun (memorial to the Emperor) of the five kings of Wa, an inscription of the mirror of Sumidahachiman-jinja Shrine, and an inscription on an iron sword which was excavated from Inariyama-kofun Tumulus in Saitama Prefecture, et al., it is thought that characters were used in Japan in the fifth century.
- 5月21日、頼朝は高階泰経に書状を送って、頼盛と子息の本官還任と源範頼・源広綱・平賀義信の国司任官を要請した(『吾妻鏡』同日条)。
- On July 7, Yoritomo sent a letter to TAKASHINA no Yasutsune requesting the reappointment of Yorimori and his sons to their former posts, as well as the appointment of MINAMOTO no Noriyori, MINAMOTO no Hirotsuna, and Yoshinobu HIRAGA as provincial governors (see the entry for the same day in the 'Azuma Kagami').
- 『吾妻鏡』では、教経もこの戦いで安田義定の軍に討たれたとあり、同月13日に討ち取られた他の一門の首とともに京で獄門にされたとある。
- In 'Azuma Kagami,' it is reported that Noritsune also was slain in this battle by Yoshisada YASUDA's troop and his head was exposed in the Capital of Kyoto together with heads of other slain family members on April 2.
- 三角縁神獣鏡が出土するのは4世紀以降の古墳からのみで、邪馬台国の時代である3世紀の墳墓からは1面も出土しておらず、年代が合わない。
- It doesn't chronologically match because Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror was discovered only in a tumulus after the fourth century, never in tombs after the third century which corresponds to the era of the Yamatai-Koku kingdom.
- 『吾妻鏡』の曲筆のもっとも甚だしいのが頼家将軍記であり、源氏が三代で終わったのはこういう不肖の息子が居たからかと誰しも思っている。
- The records of Shogun Yoriie were misrepresented most in 'Azuma Kagami,' and everyone considers that the end of the rule by the Minamoto clan, which had lasted for three generations, was brought by the son who was unworthy of his father.
- 後述する『吾妻鏡』の北条本、黒川本などの原本は金沢文庫本とされ、その金沢文庫との関係からも全体の統括者として考えやすい人物である。
- The original book of 'Azuma Kagami' published by Hojobon and Kurokawabon, which will be mentioned later, is regarded as the Kanazawa Library book, and it is easy to regard these people as unifiers of the whole book in relation to the Kanazawa Library.
- 正蔵襲名は遂に適わず、柳家小三治や月の家圓鏡などの襲名の薦めも辞退し(5代目柳家小さん『咄も剣も自然体』より)、生涯一つ名で通した。
- He didn't succeed to the name Shozo after all, and he excused himself from the nomination for succession to the name of Kosanji YANAGIYA or Enkyo TSUKINOYA (according to 'Hanashimo Kenmo Shizentai' (Stories and Swords with Natural Stance) by Kosan YANAGIYA the fifth), and he spent the whole life with one stage name.
- なお、『水鏡』・『愚管抄』・『神皇正統記』・『本朝皇胤紹運録』など、中世の史書 ・系譜類に継体の祖父として記されている、「私斐王」。
- Additionally, this grandfather of the Emperor Keita was written as 'Shi (or Oi) no Okimi' in historical books and genealogy tables during the Medieval Period; such as: 'Mizu Kagami' (Japanese historical book); 'Gukansho' ('Jottings of a Fool'; a Japanese historical book written by Jien, a Buddhist priest of the Tendi sect.); the 'Jinno Shotoki' ('Chronicles of the Authentic Lineages of the Divine Emperors'; a Japanese historical book written by Chikafusa KITABATAKE); and the 'Honcho koin jounroku' (family tree charts of emperors and imperial families in Japan).
- 増鏡で彦仁は後嵯峨天皇第一皇女綜子内親王と密かに通じていたというが、月花門院は園基氏の子、頭中将園基顕とも関係を持っていたとされる。
- Masukagami (The Clear Mirror) says that Hikohito committed adultery with Imperial Princess Soshi (the first princess of Emperor Gosaga), and that Soshi (called Gekkamonin) also had a relationship with Motoaki SONO (the son of Motouji SONO), who was Tono Chujo (the first secretary's captain).
- あまりな醜聞暴露に恐れをなしたためか、孝謙天皇称徳天皇と道鏡、宇多天皇と藤原褒子、花山天皇と馬内侍らの淫猥な説話を削った略本もある。
- Perhaps wary of causing scandals, there exists an abridged version which removed obscene stories about the Empress Koken (later enthroned again as the Empress Shotoku) and the monk Dokyo, the Emperor Uda and FUJIWARA no Hoshi, and the Emperor Kazan and Uma no naishi.
- 分類すれば、鏡2種、剣1種、勾玉4種、比礼(女性が、首に掛けて、結ばずに、左右から同じ長さで前に垂らすスカーフ様のもの)3種となる。
- These ten are subdivided into four classes: two mirrors, one sword, four magadama (a comma-shaped bead), and three hire (scarves that women put over their shoulders and hang in the front on the both sides in the same length).
- 『玉葉』・『吾妻鏡』によると、頼朝と対立した義経は文治元年(1185年)10月11日と13日に後白河院の元を訪れ、次のように述べた。
- According to 'Gyokuyo' and 'Azuma Kagami,' Yoshitsune, who had a conflict with Yoritomo, visited the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa on October 11 and 13, 1185 and explained as follows:
- 「不殺生」といった仏教思想により、721年、および道鏡政権下の764年から769年までは廃止されて放生司(ほうじょうし)が置かれた。
- Due to the Buddhist thought of 'ahimsa,' Shuyoshi was abolished in 721, and in a period from 764 to 769 under Dokyo's government, and then Hojoshi (literally, office of returning animals to nature) was established.
- 鎌倉幕府北条氏による後年の編纂書『吾妻鏡』において、梶原景時が悪人と断じられているのとは対照的に、重忠は賛美した記事が目立っている。
- In the compilation 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), Kagetoki KAJIWARA was referred to as an evil person, whereas Shigetada was praised in many articles.
- なお、開城の攻略まで行動を共にしていた二番隊は鏡道へ進路を転じ、日本軍は北西部の平安道の平壌より北方と全羅道を除く朝鮮全土を制圧した。
- The Second Division, acting with them until the attack on Kaesong, switched their course to Hamgyong Province and the Japanese army occupied all of Korea excluding part of Pyeongan Province in the northwestern area to the north of Pyongyang and Jeolla Province.
- 復位した称徳天皇のもとで道鏡はその片腕となり、天平神護元年(765年)には僧籍のまま太政大臣となり、翌2年(766年)には法王となる。
- Under the Empress Shotoku, who was the Retired Empress Koken and who restored to the throne, Dokyo became her right hand and in 765 he became Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) without leaving his priesthood; in the next year (766) he became Hoo (Emperor of the Buddhist Law).
- さらに、鏡の鈕孔を長方形に作る癖を持つ、ある中国工人群が三角縁神獣鏡を製作しており、その手法が魏の官営工房に繋がる可能性が強いという。
- Besides, a group of Chinese craftsmen that made bodkins of the mirrors in a square shape made the Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror and their skills could lead to government-operated crafts in the Wei dynasty.
- その為、一般的な合戦解説では、後白河法皇の政略を加味しつつ、具体的な合戦経過は『玉葉』を交えつつも主に『吾妻鏡』と『平家物語』を採り。
- Thus, as a general explanation of the battle, the authors of history books mainly reference descriptions of the specific progress of the battle in 'Azuma Kagami' and 'Heike Monogatari,' considering the political maneuver of Emperor Goshirakawa and adding the view of 'Gyokuyo.'
- 『古事記』では足鏡別王と記され、母の名は山代之玖玖麻毛理比売(やましろのくくまもりひめ)で、鎌倉別、小津、石代別、漁田別の祖とされる。
- He is written in 'Kojiki' as Ashikagamiwakenokimi, the name of his mother was Yamashiro no kukumamori hime, and he is regarded as the ancestor of Kamakura now ake, Ozu, Iwashiro no wake, and Fukita no wake.
- 『吾妻鏡』文治元年(1185年)4月15日 (旧暦)条で頼朝の怒りを買った無断任官者24名の1人で、馬允(うまのじょう)に任じられた。
- On the Article of May 23, 1185 in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), he was described as one of 24 appointments without permission who were offended by Yoritomo and appointed to Umanojo.
- 用途としては、現在使われている鏡のように単純に物の姿を映し出す道具としてではなく、祭祀・呪術用の道具として用いられたと考えられている。
- When it comes to its use, it is believed that it was not simply as a tool to catch sight of a thing like a mirror being used today but a tool for religious services and magic rites.
- 鏡面にタガネで千手観音の立像と侍立する眷属を彫り、背面には中央に宝相華文、四方に蝶や鳥を配した図柄の八稜鏡であり、国宝に指定されている。
- It is a hachiryokyo (eight-lobed bronze mirror) and designated as a national treasure; the standing statue of Senju Kannon with kenzoku (one's family and relations) are carved with tagane (chisel) on the mirror side, and on the back side of the mirror, Hosoge-mon (flower motif) is carved in the center as well as butterflies and birds in four directions.
- 『吾妻鏡』の壇ノ浦の戦いの元暦二年三月二十四日の条で「二位ノ尼は宝剣を持って、按察の局は先帝(安徳天皇)を抱き奉って、共に海底に没する。
- The entry in the 'Azuma kagami' for the 24th day of the third month of Genryaku 2, which concerns the battle of Dannoura, states that 'Tokiko held the treasured Sword, and Lady Azechi reverently held Emperor Antoku close, and then they jumped together and sank away to the bottom of the sea.'
- そのために『吾妻鏡』にも義経が勇士70騎で一ノ谷の裏山(鵯越)に立ち、鵯越から攻撃を仕掛けて一ノ谷を落としたというとしたいう記述がある。
- Therefore, in 'Azuma Kagami,' the author wrote that Yoshitsune led seventy elite cavalrymen, stood at the rear side of Ichinotani (Hiyodorigoe), started his attack on the Taira clan from Hiyodorigoe, and took the Ichinotani fortress.
- なお、継承された神器(天叢雲剣及び八咫鏡)は複製品であるので、時機を見て本物が奉られている伊勢神宮と熱田神宮へ即位奉告を行うことになる。
- Since replicas were used for sacred treasure (Ama no murakumo no tsurugi and Yata no kagami (the sacred mirror)), the enthronement of the new emperor will be reported to Ise-jingu Shrine and Atsuta-jingu Shrine where the real sacred treasures are enthroned.
- アメノウズメが「貴方様より貴い神が表れたので、それを喜んでいるのです」と言うと、アメノコヤネとフトダマがアマテラスの前に鏡を差し出した。
- Amenouzume replied that they were congratulating on the appearance of the new deity more precious than her, and the great mirror was shown to Amaterasu by Amenokoyane and Futodama.
- のちに真の依頼者を知った忠通は額を取り返そうとしたが失敗に終わる(『吾妻鏡』には「円隆寺の額は関白忠通の筆、色紙形は藤原教長」とある)。
- When Tadamichi found out who the request actually came from, he tried to have his calligraphy returned, but his efforts ended in failure. (According to the 'Azuma Kagami,' the framed calligraphy in Enryaku-ji Temple was written by Kanpaku Tadamichi, and the calligraphy on the paper strips was written by FUJIWARA no Norinaga.)
- 『日本書紀』の垂仁天皇3年(紀元前27年)条には、近江国鏡村に日本に渡来した新羅の王子天日槍の従者であった陶人がいたことが記されている。
- In the article of 27 B.C. in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), it says that in Kagami Village, Omi Province, there was a craftsman of Suebe who served the prince of Silla, Amenohiboko, who came to Japan.
- 「増鏡」は四鏡の最後の史書で、後鳥羽天皇の即位から1333年に配流となっていた後醍醐天皇が京都に帰還するまでの宮廷社会の動向を記している。
- The 'Masukagami' is the last of the four 'kagami' history books (books with the word 'kagami,' or 'mirror,' in the title), and covers the period from Emperor Go-Toba's enthronement to Emperor Go-Daigo's triumphant return to Kyoto from exile in 1333, focusing on trends within courtly society.
- 「癸未」を503年とする説では、鏡を作らせて長寿を祈った「斯麻」は、当時倭国と同盟関係にあった百済の武寧王(別名斯麻王)とする解釈がある。
- In the theory which interprets 'Yin Water Sheep' as 503, 'Shima' who ordered a mirror to pray for the longevity was Muryeong-wang (another name King Shima) of Baekje which was then allied with Wakoku (Japan).
- 北部九州でも玄界灘沿岸の地域では、須玖・岡本遺跡や三雲遺跡などで20枚とか30枚もの大量の鏡を副葬した甕棺があり、王の墓の豪華さが分かる。
- In the coastal area of Genkai-nada Sea among other part of northern part of Kyushu, earthenware jar-coffins which were buried together with as many as twenty to thirty mirrors can be found in remains such as Sugu-Okamoto and Mikumo remains, which tells us how luxurious kings' graves were.
- 鏡の宿(かがみのしゅく)は、平安時代から見える近江国蒲生郡鏡山 (滋賀県) の北(現滋賀県蒲生郡竜王町大字鏡)にある東山道の宿場(宿駅)。
- Kagami no Shuku was an inn on the Tosan-do Road, north of Mount Kagami, in Gamo Country of the Omi Province (present day Gagami, Oaza, Ryuo-cho, Gamo-gun, Shiga Prefecture) that has existed since the Heian Period.
- 興福寺の衆徒が強訴を行う際には、春日大社の社司に要請して大社の本殿及び大宮四所にそれぞれ安置されている神鏡を取り出して神木をあつらえさせる。
- When monk-soldiers of Kofuku-ji Temple did their 'goso' (direct appeal to the court, brandishing the divine retribution), they asked the chief Shinto priest of Kasuga-taisha Shrine to take out the divine mirrors enshrined at 'Honden' (the main shrine, called 'Omiya-shisho') and also asked him to set Shinboku on the mirrors.
- 文鏡秘府論(ぶんきょうひふろん)は、平安時代前期に編纂された文学理論書で、中国の六朝期から唐朝に至る詩文の創作理論を取りまとめたものである。
- Bunkyo-hifuron was a written literary theory compiled in the early Heian period, in which theories to create prose and poetry were collected through the period of the Six Dynasties to the Tang dynasty of China.
- 朝倉景鏡の甥とされるが、父親の動向等に不明な点が多く、越前朝倉氏との関連は確定ではない(北条家臣、もしくは伊勢、遠江の朝倉氏等の系統か?)。
- The head of this clan was said to be the nephew of Kageakira ASAKURA, but there are many unclear points about his father's life and so on, and the connection with the Echizen-Asakura clan can not be confirmed (His father could have been a retainer of the Hojo clan, or a member of a certain family line of the Asakura clan of Ise Province or the Asakura clan of Totomi Province.)
- 福知山市の場合、それを示唆するものの一例として国の重要文化財にも指定された盤龍鏡と呼ばれる「景初四年」の年号が刻まれた鏡の出土があげられる。
- In the case of Fukuchiyama City, one such finding supporting this speculation is a mirror called Banryu-kyo Mirror; it has been designated as a national heritage cultural property, and has the name of the period, 'Fourth Year of Jingchu,' engraved upon it.
- しかし、額田王の父・鏡王との血縁関係はなかったとしても、同じ「鏡」という名が付いている事から、同じく、鏡を作る氏族に養育された可能性はある。
- Even if Kagami no Okimi was not related by birth to Kagami no O, the father of Nukata no Okimi, the word 'Kagami' (a mirror) in their names indicates a possibility that they were raised by the same clan of mirror makers.
- また特に晩年東大寺再建の勧進を奥州藤原氏に行うために陸奥に下った旅は有名で、この途次に鎌倉で源頼朝に面会したことが『吾妻鏡』に記されている。
- Additionally, his trip to the Mutsu Province to ask for a financial contribution to the reconstruction of Todai-ji Temple to the Oshu-Fujiwara clan in later life is well known and his meeting with MINAMOTO no Yoritomo along the way in Kamakura is documented in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East).
- なお、『興福寺縁起』には不比等の出生につき「公避くる所の事有り」とあり、大鏡、公卿補任、尊卑分脈には明記され、天智天皇の御落胤であるとする。
- It is written in 'Kofuku-ji Engi (Origin of Kofuku-ji Temple)' that there are certain matters about Fuhito's birth that haven't been officially recorded; meanwhile, it is explicitly stated in Okagami, Kugyo Bunin (Official Records of the Ancient Government) and Sonpi Bunmyaku (Ancient Family Tree Charts) that Fuhito was Emperor Tenchi's child born out of wedlock.
- 何月何日にこういうお達しがあったと『吾妻鏡』に書いてあっても、その書類はその日から幕府の役所に保管されたものではない場合が殆どと推定される。
- Even though the dates public notices were sent is written in 'Azuma Kagami,' most of the documents seem not to have been preserved in the government office since that day.
- 『吾妻鏡』の中で一般にもっとも多く参照されるのはちょうど『平家物語』などとかぶる部分、そして奥州合戦、和田合戦、承久の乱、宝治合戦であろう。
- The parts mentioned most frequently in 'Azuma Kagami' would be the ones overlapping with the 'Tale of the Heike,' and the scenes of the battle of Oshu, the Wada battle, the Jokyu Disturbance, and the Hoji battle.
- また、『吾妻鏡』建久2年(1191年)8月1日 (旧暦)の記事には、保元の乱に参加した大庭景義が為朝を「吾朝無双の弓矢の達者」と評している。
- Additionally, an article dated August 1, 1191 (according to the lunar calendar) in the chronicle of the Kamakura bakufu from 1180 to 1266 known as 'Azumakagami' states that Kageyoshi OBA, who had participated in the Hogen Disturbance, had praised Tametomo as 'incomparably adept at shooting an arrow.'
- 『吾妻鏡』では信兼の息子たちが事件の張本であったとするが、彼らは義経の屋敷に出向いている事から、反乱と深い関わりは持っていなかったと見られる。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami,' Nobukane's sons were responsible for the incident, but from the fact that they went to Yoshitsune's residence, they seem not to have been deeply involved in the rebellion.
- 出羽三山のひとつ羽黒山 (山形県)(山形県鶴岡市)の通称「鏡ヶ池」からは、平安時代末期から江戸時代のものまで600面におよぶ鏡が出土している。
- About 600 mirrors from the end of the Heian through until the Edo period were excavated from a pond commonly known as 'Kagami-ga-ike Pond' in the Mt. Haguro, one of Dewa sanzan (three mountains of Dewa) (Yamagata Prefecture) (Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture).
- 『吾妻鏡』には書かれていない相馬御厨での経緯を見れば、特に千葉常胤にとって、源義朝は「御恩」を感じるような相手ではなかったことは明らかである。
- By looking at the progress of Soma-mikuriya (private estate of Soma ranch) not written in 'Azuma Kagami,' Tsunetate CHIBA was especially not the person whom MINAMOTO no Yoritomo felt 'indebted' to.
- 福岡城址に駐屯する大日本帝国陸軍歩兵第24連隊に所属した鏡山猛が、弾薬庫の歩哨のかたわら鴻臚館の瓦の破片を採取したことも中山説の傍証となった。
- Nakayama's opinion was supported by Takeshi KAGAMIYAMA belonging to the 24th Infantry Regiment of the Imperial Japanese Army which was stationed at the ruins of Fukuokajo Castle, who gathered fragments of tiles used for Korokan while watching the ammunition depot.
- 上皇挙兵の報に鎌倉の武士は大いに動揺したが、『吾妻鏡』や『承久記』によれば北条政子が「故右大将(頼朝)の恩は山よりも高く、海よりも深いはずだ。
- News that the retired Emperor was raising an army caused great consternation among the samurai of Kamakura, but according to the 'Azuma kagami' (Mirror of the East) and the 'Jokyu ki' (Chronicle of the Jokyu Era), Masako HOJO responded, 'The obligation we bear to the former great general of the Right (Yoritomo) is surely higher than a mountain, and deeper than the sea.
- しかし、兵庫県たつの市御津町の前方後円墳権現山51号墳の後方部の石槨から三角縁神獣鏡が5面発見され、石槨すぐそばで都月型円筒埴輪が発見された。
- However, five Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirrors were discovered from at the back of Ishiki (a room made of stone in the tomb, in which coffins were placed) of Mt.Gongen Gojuichigo-kofun Tumulus, Mitsu-cho, Tatsuno City, Hyogo Prefecture, and Totsuki-style cylindrical Haniwa was discovered from beside Ishiki.
- 源平が互角の兵力で衝突したよう(特に範頼の生田の森の戦い)に記述がされている従来の『吾妻鏡』『平家物語』を基にした合戦観が全く崩されてしまう。
- The authors of traditional books on history depicted the Genpei (the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan) as a conflict between coequal military powers (especially in the battle at Ikuta Forest by Noriyori) in 'Azuma Kagami' and 'Heike Monogatari'; thus, the depiction of the conflict in 'Gyokuyo' invalidated a point of view on the battle based upon 'Azuma Kagami' and 'Heike Monogatari.'
- 『吾妻鏡』によれば、治承4年10月2日 (旧暦)(1180年10月22日)、源頼朝が乳母である寒河尼の息子(小山朝光)の烏帽子親を務めている。
- There is mentioning in 'Azuma Kagami' (Mirror of the East) that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo served as an eboshi-oya of Tomomitsu OYAMA, a son of SAMUKAWA-no-Ama, who was Yoritomo's wet nurse, on October 29, 1180.
- 『今鏡』によると、束帯着用の際持つことになっている笏の代わりに、高光は懐紙を笏の形に畳んだものを持っていたことがある、との逸話が語られている。
- According to the 'Imakagami' (The Mirror of the Present), there is an anecdote that Takamitsu once had had a pocket paper folded in the shape of a shaku (a wooden mace) instead of the real mace, which he was to hold in his hand when wearing sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress).
- 眼鏡絵とは、風景などを西洋画の線遠近法を応用して描き、これを「覗き眼鏡」という凸レンズを嵌めた箱を通して見ると立体的に見えるというものである。
- Megane-e are pictures that use the western line perspective method to draw landscapes, etc., which appear three-dimensional when looked at through a convex lense called Nozoki megane which is placed in a box.
- 以前から恨みをもっていた、念仏信者の東条景信が日蓮を襲い、弟子の鏡忍房日暁と信者の工藤吉隆が殺され、日蓮も額を斬られ、左手を骨折、重傷を負う。
- Kagenobu TOJO who was a believer of nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) and had held grudge against Nichiren assaulted him, his disciple Nichigyo KYONINBO and a believer Yoshitaka KUDO were killed and Nichiren was also badly injured, slashed in the forehead, left hand broken.
- 実に感動的なのだが、「頌云」の「業鏡高懸、三十七年、一槌撃砕、大道坦然」は『増集続伝燈録妙堪』の伝記にある遺曷の年齢を変えただけのものである。
- Although it sounds very impressive, the words '業鏡高懸,三十七年,一槌撃砕,大道坦然' in '頌云' were entirely copied from '増集続伝燈録妙堪,' though only the year appearing in the poem composed on his deathbed was changed.
- 彦島の平氏水軍を撃滅すべく、義経は摂津国の渡辺水軍、伊予国の河野水軍、紀伊国の熊野水軍などを味方につけて840艘(『吾妻鏡』)の水軍を編成する。
- Recognizing that he needed to destroy the Taira navy at Hikoshima, Yoshitsune managed to assemble a force of 840 ships (according to the 'Azuma kagami') by calling together support from his allies, including the Watanabe navy of Settsu Province, the Kawano navy of Iyo Province, and the Kumano navy of Kii Province.
- 院政期には大江匡房があらわれて『江家次第』を編録し、前代の藤原公任『北山抄』、藤原実資『小野宮年中行事』と合わせ、王朝儀式書の鏡として重用された。
- 'Gokeshidai' (the Ritual Protocol of the Oe House) compiled by OE no Masafusa in the Insei period was used importantly as a book on rites during the dynasty age together with 'Hokuzansho' (a representative book of ceremonies for the Heian period) by FUJIWARA no Kinto, Ononomiya nenjugyoji (the precedents for annual events of Ononomiya) by FUJIWARA no Sanesuke from the former generation.
- また戦後に咸鏡道に建てられた日本軍撃退記念碑の北関大捷碑には加坡の戦闘で斬殺した日本兵から左耳825個を切り取って朝鮮王へ送った記録が残っている。
- On Hokkantaishohi, which is a monument raised in Hangyong Province after the war to commemorate repulsion of the Japanese army, it is recorded that 825 left ears were cut from Japanese soldiers killed by the sword in the battle in Kaba for the King of Korea.
- 従って、皇位継承などの政治的に重要な局面では東使が鎌倉と京都を往復する事が度々あった(『増鏡』など当時の朝廷の動きを記した書物には度々登場する)。
- For this reason, the toshi made frequent trips between Kamakura and Kyoto in important political developments, such as accession of a new Emperor (appearing frequently in documents such as 'Masukagami' (The Clear Mirror) that records activities in the Imperial Court at that time).
- 新薬師寺(奈良市高畑町)の隣にある鏡神社の比売塚は「高貴の姫君の墓」として語り伝えられており、ここに十市皇女が埋葬されているという説が有力である。
- In view of the fact that Himezuka of Kagami-jinja Shrine adjacent to Shinyakushi-ji Temple (Takahata-cho, Nara City) has been handed down as 'Tomb of a highborn Himegimi (a princess),' a theory that Tochi no Himemiko was buried in this tomb is convincing.
- 千葉氏や、権五郎景正の子孫、ないしは一族とされる大庭氏などにおいては、『吾妻鏡』にある「相伝の家人」が、事実と相違することは既に見てきた通りである。
- As described above, the Chiba clan and descendants of Gongoro Kagemasa, and Oba clan considered to be a clan varied from 'transmission of Kenin' mentioned in 'Azuma Kagami.'
- しかし、現在のところ、この記述と関係が深いと思われる滋賀県竜王町の鏡谷窯跡群や天日矛が住んだといわれる旧但馬地方でも初期の須恵器は確認されていない。
- However, at present, early Sueki was not found at Kagamiyama ruins of old kilns in Ryuocho, Shiga Prefecture, which is closely-linked to this description, or either in Tajima region where Amenohiboko is said to have lived.
- 世阿弥に師事し、その娘婿となった禅竹は、世阿弥から「拾玉得花」「花鏡」等の伝書を相伝するとともに、その演技によって当時の知識人たちから人気を集めた。
- Zenchiku, who had studied under Zeami and become his son-in-law, inherited books of secrets such as 'Shugyoku Tokka (Finding Gems and Gaining the Flower)' and 'Kakyo (A Mirror Held to the Flower)' from Zeami, and his performances became popular among men of letters of the time.
- 15行、189文字が刻まれた国内最大の墓誌(縦横2.9メートル、厚さ28センチ、重量5.3トン)や、木製フレームの眼鏡などの副葬品が出土したと発表。
- They announced that they found the domestically largest epitaph (2.9 m in length and width, 28 cm thickness, 5.3 tons), which had the engravings of 15 lines with 189 letters, and they also found other burial goods such as a pair of wooden framed spectacles.
- 後に頼朝は荘園33ヶ所を頼盛に返還しているが、そのうちの14ヶ所が八条院領だったことを見ても関係の深さがうかがえる(『吾妻鏡』元暦元年4月6日条)。
- Subsequently, Yoritomo returned 33 private estates (shoen, manor in medieval Japan) to Yorimori, and in consideration of the fact that 14 out of 33 were estates that belonged to Hachijoin, we can judge the closeness of their relationship (see the entry for May 24, 1184, in the 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East).
- 『吾妻鏡』によると源頼朝は壇ノ浦の戦いの直前、弟の源範頼に宛てた書状で、「内府は極めて臆病におはせる人なれば、自害などはよもせられじ」と記している。
- According to Azuma-kagami (history book), MINAMOTO no Yoritomo wrote in his letter to his younger brother, MINAMOTO no Noriyori, just before the Battle of Danno-ura: 'As Naifu (Munemori) is such a cowardly person, I cannot imagine that he would dare commit suicide.'
- それ以降の将軍頼朝の時代については、藤原俊兼も頼朝の右筆として沢山出てくるが、この時期の『吾妻鏡』のベースとしては、二階堂行政の筆録が有力とされる。
- As to the reign of Shogun Yoritomo since then, Yukimasa NIKAIDO's written records are considered to be the most likely source material for the foundation of 'Azuma Kagami' at this time, although FUJIWARA no Toshikane also appears a lot as a senior officer of writing in the book.
- それに対して1912年(大正元年)に和田英松は『吾妻鏡古写本考』の中で全てが後世での編纂とし、その時期は北条時宗、北条政村が執権・連署の時代とした。
- On the other hand, Hidematsu WADA claimed in his essay, 'A Study on Old Manuscripts of Azuma Kagami' in 1912 that all of the work was compiled in later ages, when Tokimune and Masamura HOJO were shikken, shogunal regent, and Rensho, associate of shikken.
- 後白河は頼朝に「天魔の所為」と弁明するが(『吾妻鏡』11月15日条、『玉葉』11月26日条)、頼朝は院の独裁を掣肘するために廟堂改革要求を突きつける。
- Goshirakawa explained to Yoritomo that it was 'the act of evil spirits' (the item of November 15 of 'Azuma kagami' [The Mirror of the East], the item of November 26 of 'Gyokuyo' [Diary of Kanezane]), but Yoritomo thrusted a demand for the mouseleum hall reform to check dictatorship of the retired emperor.
- なぜ、三角縁とするかの理由については、ほとんどが凸面鏡であり、三角縁にすると構造上作りやすいから、あるいは、神聖な場所を囲む瑞垣をまねた等の説がある。
- As for the reason for the triangular-rim, there are some theories that most of mirrors were convex and it was structurally easier to make them with a triangular-rim, or that wooden fences surrounding a holy place were the model.
- 奈良時代に遣唐使によって中国から渡来した菓餅14種の中にある索餅(さくべい)が、平安時代に完成した『新撰字鏡』 では「牟義縄(むぎなわ)」と呼ばれて、
- In 'Shinsenjikyo' (Chinese-Japanese character dictionary) completed in the Heian period, Sakubei (sweets originating in China), one of 14 sorts of Kabei (sweets made with rice-flour) that was introduced from China to Japan by Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty China in the Nara period, was called 'Muginawa.'
- 隅田八幡神社は859年の設立であるが、人物画像鏡の出土場所、出土年代はあきらかにされておらず、「癸未」については443年説と503年説など争いがある。
- Sumidahachiman-jinja Shrine was established in 859 but the findspot and the date of excavation of the mirror remain unclear, and there is a controversy over the interpretation of 'year of Yin Water Sheep' between 443 and 503.
- 『増鏡』によれば、後深草上皇(持明院統)の秘蔵の愛娘であった姈子内親王を後宇多上皇(大覚寺統)が見初め、恋心止みがたくついに盗み出してしまったという。
- According to 'Masukagami' (a history book on the Kamakura period) the Retired Emperor Gouda on Daikakujito (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama) fell in love with Imperial Princess Reiko who was the most favorite daughter of Emperor Gofukakusa on Jimyointo (imperial lineage from Emperor to Emperor Gokomatsu) and he could not stop loving her, therefore the Retired Emperor Gouda abducted her at last from her residence.
- 『吾妻鏡』治承4年(1180年)10月21日条よると、奥州にいた義経が頼朝の挙兵を知って急ぎ頼朝に合流しようとした際、藤原秀衡は義経を強く引き留める。
- According to the article of October 21, 1180 in 'Azuma Kagami,' during Yoshitsune's stay in Oshu, he tried to hastily join Yoritomo to learn if Yoritomo had raised his army, but FUJIWARA no Hidehira strongly restrained him from doing so.
- 代表的な例として東宮居貞親王の尚侍・藤原綏子と密通した源頼定は居貞親王(三条天皇)即位後に既に公卿であるにも関わらず昇殿が許されなかった(『大鏡』)。
- To give a representative example, MINAMOTO no Yorisada, who had committed adultery with FUJIWARA no Suishi, a shoji (principal handmaid) of Crown Prince Okisada, was not allowed to enter the Imperial Court in spite of the fact that he was already a kugyo by the time Imperial Prince Okisada was enthroned (Emperor Sanjo) ('Okagami' [the Great Mirror]).
- 悦んだ魏の皇帝(景初2年だとすると曹叡、景初3年だとすると曹芳)は女王を親魏倭王とし、金印紫綬を授けるとともに銅鏡100枚を含む莫大な下賜品を与えた。
- The Emperor of Wei (Cao Rui [Emperor Ming] if it was in 238 and Cao Fang in 239), who was pleased with this, conferred the title of the ruler of Wa (Japan) upon Queen Himiko and endowed her the Gold Seal with Purple Ribbon, as well as enormous gifts including 100 bronze mirrors.
- これらを280年以降の製造と考えると、紀年鏡に記される年号が何ゆえに三国時代 (中国)の235年から244年に集中しているのか、整合的な理解が難しい。
- If it is argued that these mirrors were produced after 280, it is difficult to understand why the era inscribed in them was between 235 and 244 during the Three Kingdom Period (China).
- もはや鏡山案はそのままの形では成り立たない状況となっており、上記のような発掘成果を受けた新たな条坊復元案が金田章裕や井上信正などによって提示されている。
- Currently the Kagamiyama proposal cannot be supported any more as it is, and newer jobo reconstruction proposals based on the result of excavation described above are presented by Akihiro KINDA, Nobumasa INOUE, and others.
- しかしながら光行はこれ以後も幕府の記録の『吾妻鏡』に登場しており、京方の「土岐判官代」は弟の土岐光時と考えられる(谷口研語法政大学兼任講師の説による)。
- Later, however, Mitsuyuki also appears in 'Azuma Kagami,'the historical record of kamakura bakufu, therefore, Mitsutoki Toki, the younger brother of Mitsuyuki could be the person who sided with the Imperial court as Toki hogandai (according to the theory by Kengo Taniguchi, a part-time lecturer of Hosei university).
- また尾張(愛知県西部)大介職にあった中島宣長も源融13代目の子孫とされており、承久の乱に朝廷方として参加し、乱後の領地交渉の模様が吾妻鏡に記されている。
- Also, Norinaga NAKASHIMA (the 13th generation of MINAMOTO no Toru) was the Senior Inspector of Owari Province (Western Aichi Prefecture), and participated in the Jokyu War as a member of the Imperial Court; the negotiations after the war is noted in the 'Azuma Kagami' (Mirror of the East) medieval chronicles.
- 三角縁神獣鏡が畿内を中心に出土することから、卑弥呼の鏡説をとるのは邪馬台国=畿内説をとる研究者に多く、日本製説をとるのは邪馬台国=九州説をとる者に多い。
- Because Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirrors were discovered mainly in the Kinai region, many researchers advocating the Yamatai-Koku kingdom in the Kinai region maintain Himiko's mirror and many researchers advocating Yamatai-Koku kingdom in Kyushu region maintain the mirrors were produced in Japan.
- 『三国志』のいわゆる「魏志倭人伝」によると、西暦239年に邪馬台国の女王卑弥呼が魏に遣使をした際、帝から「親魏倭王」金印と銅鏡百枚などを授かったという。
- According to so-called Gishiwajinden (The History of the Wei Dynasty) in Sangokushi (Annals of the Three Kingdoms), when Princess Himiko of Yamataikoku Kingdom dispatched envoys to Gi in 239, she was given from Emperor a golden stamp 'Shingi Wao' (the title of the king of Wa (Japan)) and a hundred of bronze mirrors.
- 鎌倉幕府の公式史料である『吾妻鏡』11月12日 (旧暦)の項では、鎌倉幕府における諸国の国府・荘園への守護・地頭の設置の経緯を次ぎのように説明している。
- In the article of December 12 in the the 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), the official historical material of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the background to place shugo and jito (manager and lord of manor) in kokufu (provincial office) and shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in the various districts under the Kamakura bakufu was described as the following.
- 『吾妻鏡』の中では、人望厚い畠山重忠を追い落とした人物は北条時政の後妻で悪名高き牧の方とされ、北条義時は畠山重忠の謀殺に反対して、父時政に熱弁をふるう。
- 'Azuma Kagami' says that it was the notorious second wife of Tokimasa HOJO, Maki no Kata (Lady Maki) who tried to depose Shigetada HATAKEYAMA, who was popular with people, and Yoshitoki HOJO opposed murdering Shigetada HATAKEYAMA, speaking with fervor against his father, Tokimasa.
- 『吾妻鏡』康元元年11月22日_(旧暦)条において、北条時頼が出家して執権を北条長時に譲る際に「但し家督(北条時宗)幼稚の程の眼代なり」と念を押している。
- The article of November 22 (lunar calendar), 1256 of 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) states that 'However, they may remain gandai only in the head-of-the-family (Tokimune HOJO)'s childhood' when Tokiyori HOJO became a priest and handed the regency to Nagatoki HOJO.
- 焦った仲麻呂は軍権をもって孝謙上皇と道鏡に対抗しようとし、天平宝字8年(764年)9月、淳仁天皇に願って都督四畿内三関近江丹波播磨等国兵事使に任じられた。
- Being fretted by the situation, Nakamaro decided to confront the Retired Empress Koken and Dokyo by resorting to military power, and in October 764, he was appointed by Emperor Junnin to Totoku governor general of Shikinai (four provinces close to the Capital) and sangen (three major barrier stations) as well as military chief of Omi, Tanba and Harima provinces.
- 経久は毛利氏の当主・毛利幸松丸の後見役である毛利元就を利用して、大内氏の安芸経営の拠点である安芸西条の鏡山城を攻略させるなどして、一時は大内氏を圧倒した。
- Using Motonari MORI, the guardian of the head of the Mori clan, Komatsumaru MORI, Tsunehisa was able to capture Kagamiyama-jo Castle in Aki-Saijyo, the center of Ouchi clan control in Aki.
- 宮菊は横領に関わりない事を弁明し、憐れんだ頼朝から美濃国の領地を与えられ、義仲恩顧の信濃国の御家人たちに宮菊を尊重するよう命が出されている(『吾妻鏡』)。
- Miyagiku explained that she was not involved in the misappropriation; Yoritomo, pitying her, gave her a territory in Mino Province and ordered some of Yoshinaka's favorite Gokenin in Shinano Province to treat Miyagiku with respect ('Azuma Kagami').
- ところが幕府編纂の『吾妻鏡』は、反逆者であるはずの義経に対して非常に同情的であり、義経の心情に立ち入っている記述が多く見られ、「判官贔屓」の度合いが強い。
- However, 'Azuma Kagami' elaborated by the Kamakura bakufu is extremely sympathetic with Yoshitsune, and even if he must have been a traitor, the book contains many descriptions touching on his sentiments, showing a strong sympathy 'Hogan-biiki' for the underdog.
- 『吾妻鏡』正月28日条の武田信光からの報告によると、景時は朝廷から九州諸国の総司令に任命されたと称して上洛し、武田有義を将軍に奉じて反乱を目論んだという。
- According to the report from Nobumitsu TAKEDA mentioned in the section of February 21 of 'Azuma Kagami,' Kagetoki tried to rise in revolt by supporting Ariyoshi TAKEDA for the shogunate, saying that he was appointed as general commander of the provinces in Kyushu by the Imperial Court.
- その一方で、時代が転換期を迎えたことを多くの人びとが感じとり、そのなかで歴史を冷静にみつめる視点が育まれて『栄花物語』や『大鏡』などの歴史物語があらわれた。
- A number of people felt that they were in the transition period, and the view point to matter-of-factly see the history was developed among them, thus, historical tales such as 'Eiga Monogatari' (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes) or 'Okagami' (the Great Mirror) appeared.
- 古い鏡は、外区が厚く、それに対して内区が薄いが、時代の経過とともに外区が薄くなり、内区との差がなくなり、終いには内区と外区の厚さが同じになってしまっている。
- Though older mirrors had thick outer edges and thin inner edges, the outer edge became thinner while there was no change in the inner edge over time and finally they became the same thickness.
- そればかりか、義平の未亡人となっていた義重の娘を頼朝が側室にしようとしたところ、義重がそれを拒否したため頼朝から勘気を蒙ったと伝えられている(『吾妻鏡』)。
- What is more, when Yoritomo requested Yoshishige's daughter who had been Yoshihira's widow to be his concubine, Yoshishige refused the request, therefore, reportedly he drew a rebuke from Yoritomo ('Azuma Kagami' [The Mirror of the East]).
- そのため、仏教に深く帰依していた称徳は僧道鏡を皇位に付けることを企図した(異説あり)が失敗し、後継を決めないまま称徳は没し、天武皇統が断絶することとなった。
- Due to this, Emperor Shotoku, who deeply believed in Buddhism, attempted to allow the monk, Dokyo to succeeded to the throne, (there was another theory) but he failed, Emperor Shotoku died before deciding the successor, and the Imperial line of Emperor Tenmu was decided to discontinue.
- また「吾妻鏡」に記載されたのも事件後100年近く経ってからといわれているのでリアルタイムな記録ではなく、真名本曽我物語の記述に似通った所があるとされている。
- Description in 'Azuma Kagami' is considered to have been made nearly 100 years after the incident, so it not a real time record and they say there are similarities with description of the tale of Soga mana-bon.
- 日本で作られたと考えられる古墳時代の他の銘文について字数が多い例は、熊本県江田船山古墳出土の大刀銘75字、和歌山県橋本市隅田八幡宮所蔵の鏡銘48字などがある。
- The other examples of inscription in the Kofun period which seem to have been made in Japan and has a lot of letters are an inscription of long sword (75 letters) unearthed from Eta Funayama Tumulus in Kumamoto Prefecture and an inscription of mirror (48 letters) owned by Sumida Hachimangu Shrine in Hashimoto City, Wakayama Prefecture.
- また『吾妻鏡』(治承四年「庚子」(1180)十月小十二日条)が伝えるの経緯などからも、義家が相模国鎌倉の別業(拠点)を持っていた、とすることは不自然ではない。
- In addition to this, judging from the background described in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) (in the section of 'Kanoene' (one of Oriental Zodiac) November 1180), it is not unnatural to think that Yoshiie had another Betsugyo (villa) at Kamakura in the Sagami Province.
- しかも、『保元物語』の冒頭が鳥羽天皇の治世を語りだすという、鏡物に類する記述をしていることからみて、後世につながる要素はややもするととぼしいものとなっている。
- Furthermore, from the perspective of the opening of 'Hogen Monogatari' which contains descriptions similar to kagamimono (the generic name of history books with 'Kagami' in their titles) works which tell of the reign of Emperor Toba, 'Mutsuwa-ki' is slightly lacking in elements that link to subsequent ages.
- いずれも鏡という名前を冠しており、また非常な高齢の老人が「昔はこんな事があったなぁ」という話を2人でしていたり作者に対して語ったりするという形式を取っている。
- Each book includes the word 'kagami' (mirror) in their titles, and they are written in the form of a conversation between two elders or between an elder and the author reminiscing about days of the old.
- 奈良時代和気広虫(出家して法均尼と号する)と弟の和気清麻呂が僧道鏡に対する宇佐八幡宮神託事件で功があって朝廷に進出し、藤野別真人から和気朝臣の氏姓が与えられた。
- In the Nara period, WAKE no Hiromushi (who adopted the name Hokin-ni after entering the priesthood) and his younger brother WAKE no Kiyomaro, who had made achievements in a plot by the Usa Hachiman-gu oracle against the Buddhist monk Dokyo, advanced to the Imperial court and were given the surname Wake Ason by Fujinowake no Mahito.
- 道鏡が孝謙天皇の後見で太政大臣禅師に就くと、天平神護元年3月6日 (旧暦)(765年)に、墾田が加熱し過ぎてきたので墾田私有を禁止する旨の太政官符が発布された。
- When Dokyo assumed the position of Daijodaijin Zenji (a master of Zen Buddhism and a grand minister of state) acting as a guardian for Emperor Koken on April 4, 765, cultivation of new lands was becoming quite fierce, and Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, the grand council of state) that prohibited the ownership of cultivated lands was promulgated.
- (『大鏡』) また融の死後河原院は息子の源昇が相続、さらに宇多天皇に献上されており、上皇の滞在中に融の亡霊が現れたという伝説が『今昔物語』『江談抄』等に見える。
- ('Large Mirror' (Okagami)); Following the death of Toru, the Kawaranoin Estate was passed to his son MINAMOTO no Noboru and was then presented to Emperor Uda, and in 'Konjaku Monogatari' (The Tale of Times Now Past) and 'Godansho' (the Oe Conversations, with anecdotes and gossip) it is said that Toru's ghost appeared during visit by the retired Emperor.
- 特に白河上皇の政治介入には批判的で、「おりゐのみかどの門に車たつ様やはある(位を降りた上皇の邸の門に、牛車が立ち並ぶことなどあろうか)」と公言した(『今鏡』)。
- Moromichi criticized especially the political interference of the Retired Emperor Shirakawa, and publicly stated, 'the ox-drawn carriages should not be parked around the entrance of the retired emperor's mansion' (according to 'Imakagami' (The Mirror of the Present)).
- この両天皇の時代を扱った「鏡物」と言われる歴史物語に該当したのが『弥世継』である(世継とは『大鏡』の異名であり、また『今鏡』も『続世継』という異名を持っている)。
- It is 'Iya Yotsugi' that is equivalent to the historical narrative called 'Kagamimono' which concerned the reigns of the both Emperors. (Yotsugi is another name of 'Okagami,' and 'Ima Kagami' also has a different name of 'Shoku Yotsugi.')
- 『吾妻鏡』の記述から、家次か時家かが初めて本庄氏を名乗ったものと見られるが、家次が備中庄氏として活動していた以上、本庄氏を初めて名乗ったのは弟の時家と考えられる。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami,' it seems either Ietsugu or Tokiie first used the name of HONJO clan, however, since Ietsugu was active as Bicchu Sho clan, it is considered to have been his younger brother, Tokiie who first used the name of HONJO clan.
- ただし、鎌倉幕府の公式日記(またはそれに準ずるもの)の『吾妻鏡』では教経はさほど目立たない武将で、一ノ谷の戦いで安田義定の軍に討ち取られ、京都で獄門になっている。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami', an official diary (or at least equivalent to it) of the Kamakura shogunate, however, Noritsune was nothing special and was slain by Yoshisada YASUDA in the Battle of Ichi-no-tani, and his head was exposed in Kyoto.
- 1913年(大正2年)、和田の同僚であった八代国治は、『吾妻鏡の研究』で、源氏三代の将軍記とそれ以降三代の将軍記とは大きな隔たりがあるとし、編纂二段階説を唱える。
- WADA's colleague, Kuniji YASHIRO claimed in 'A Study of Azuma Kagami' in 1913 that there was a big difference between the shogunal record of the three generations of the Minamoto clan and that of the subsequent three generations of shogun, advocating the hypothesis of two-step compilation.
- 以上は主に鎌倉幕府後期に得宗専制の立場から編纂されたと考えられる後代史書『吾妻鏡』の記述によった事件の経過だが、事件の背景としてはさらに次のようなことが考えられる。
- The above is the progress of the incident described in the history book 'Azuma Kagami', assumedly compiled in the last years of the Kamakura bakufu from the viewpoint of the tyrannical Tokuso, but the further background of the incident was considered as follows.
- なお、この時(宝亀元年8月21日)の白壁王の令旨に「道鏡が皇位をうかがった」とする文言があるものの、具体的に道鏡のどのような行動を指すのかには全く触れられていない。
- In the official address Prince Shirakabe made when he became the Crown Prince (on September 18, 770), there were following words: 'Dokyo was looking for the opportunity to ascend the Imperial Throne'; however, there was absolutely no mention of concrete action in terms of the Dokyo's side.
- 弟である時家に対し、余りにも登場していないが、これは『吾妻鏡』が東国主体の内容である為と考えられ、西日本で活動していた家次は余り確認されていなかったものとみられる。
- The name of Ietsugu was referred much less than his brother Tokiie, and it is considered because the content of 'Azuma Kagami' centered on Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) and Ietsugu who had been active in western Japan had not frequently been recognized.
- 『吾妻鏡』文治3年(1187年)2月10日_(旧暦)の記録によると、義経は追捕の網をかいくぐり、伊勢・美濃国を経て奥州へ向かい、正妻と子らを伴って平泉に身を寄せた。
- According to an article of February 10, 1187 in the 'Azuma Kagami,' it is reported that Yoshitsune escaped a blockade of pursuers, and went to Oshu through Ise and Mino Provinces to seek exile in Hiraizumi with his official wife and children.
- それらの点から、五味文彦は吾妻鏡の成立は1297年(永仁5年)以降、1304年(嘉元2年)7月までの間、つまり1300年頃であろうとし、それが現在定説となっている。
- Considering these points, Fumihiko GOMI concluded that the completion of Azuma Kagami was between 1297 and July of 1304, or around 1300, which is an established theory now.
- なお、『大鏡』及び『栄花物語』には葬儀の際に道長が遺骨を抱持する場面が描かれているがこれは創作であり、史実において骨を抱持したのは詮子の甥藤原兼隆(道兼の子)である。
- There is a scene depicted in 'Okagami' and 'Eiga Monogatari,' of Michinaga cradling her ashes during the funeral but this is just fiction - in reality, it was Senshi's nephew (Michikane's son), FUJIWARA no Kanetaka, who cradled her bones.
- この時代、世間からは、「ておのゝおとする所」(『大鏡』)と呼ばれたり、寺側もこれを受けて「東大寺の斧音絶えざる由、世を以つて伝へ申すところなり」と自らを表現している。
- During this project, the world called Todai-ji Temple 'the place where the sound of chopping wood was produced all the time' ('Okagami' [The Great Mirror]), and the temple also expressed itself by saying that 'the world considers the sound of chopping wood will never stop at Todai-ji Temple' in response to this.
- 近年では1990年から2000年までの五味文彦の研究があり、八代国治の分析を更に進める形で、『吾妻鏡』のベースとなった日記、筆録がどの時代の誰であったかの推論を行う。
- In recent years, a study was conducted by Fumihiko GOMI from 1990 to 2000, which deepened the analysis by Kuniji YASHIRO, considering when and by whom those diaries and the written records which became a foundation of 'Azuma Kagami' were written.
- なお、隅田八幡宮(和歌山県橋本市)蔵の隅田八幡宮人物画像鏡(443年説と503年説)に見える「孚弟王(男弟王?)」は継体天皇を指すとする説がある(詳細は異説にて後述)。
- One theory says that '孚弟王 (Oto no kimi ?)' inscribed on Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror in Sudahachiman-jinja Shrine (Hashimoto City, Wakayama Prefecture) (there are two theories about its year of creatoin: 443 and 503) indicates Emperor Keitai (details of this theory will be mentioned later in 'Heresy').
- しかし、同じく『吾妻鏡』八月三日条によると、8月3日_(旧暦)、頼朝は義経に伊勢国の平信兼追討を指示しているので、任官以前に義経は西海遠征から外れていたとも考えられる。
- However, according to the article August 3 of the same year of 'Azuma Kagami,' on August 3 (old lunar calendar), Yoritomo ordered Yoshitsune to expel TAIRA no Nobukane in Iyo Province, and this fact might suggest that Yoshitsune had been already excluded from the mission of the expedition over the western sea, before Yoshitsune was granted the title from the Imperial court.
- 『吾妻鏡』の記述によれば、比企氏討伐も頼家の幽閉も政子の「仰」であったとされるし、事件の発端となった頼家死後の一幡と千幡の諸国守護の分掌も政子の積極的な関与が見て取れる。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami', Masako ordered the suppression of the Hiki clan and the confinement of Yoriie as well as she was actively involved in making Ichiman and Senman govern separate parts of the country as shugo after Yoriie's death, with which the incident started.
- また、告文の内容は河内石川庄の相続順序に過ぎないとする説や、12世紀はじめに書かれた大鏡が武家源氏を清和天皇の末としている事もあり、清和源氏が正しいとする学者が多くいる。
- Some say that the contents of the Imperial instruction merely refers to the order of accession of Ishikawasho, Kawachi Province, and since Okagami (The Great Mirror) written in the early twelfth century, describes that Buke-Genji (Minamoto clan as samurai families) is the descendant of Emperor Seiwa, many scholars believe that the Seiwa-Genji theory is true.
- 鏡に写る自分の姿がその貴い神だと思ったアマテラスが、その姿をもっと良く見ようと岩戸をさらに開けたとき、隠れていたアメノタヂカラオがその手を取って岩戸の外へ引きずり出した。
- Just when Amaterasu opened the door further in order to see the reflection on the mirror, which she thought to be that greater god, Ameno Tajikarao, who was standing hidden, grasped her hand and pulled her out.
- しかし、弥生時代の北九州遺跡から集中して出土する後漢鏡は、中国での文字資料を伴う発掘状況により、主として1世紀に編年され、卑弥呼の時代には届かないのも難点のひとつである。
- But, it is another difficulty of that theory that mirrors during the Later Han Dynasty unearthed at a Yayoi Period site in northern Kyushu are dated mainly from the 1st century according to both the circumstances of the archaeological dig and written records in China - not as late as Himiko's era.
- 元木泰雄京都大学大学院教授は、多田行綱の戦功が『吾妻鏡』にない理由は、平氏滅亡後の文治元年(1185年)に行綱が頼朝の怒りを受けて所領を没収されたためであろうと述べている。
- Yasuo MOTOKI, a professor in the Graduate School of Kyoto University, proposed that the reason why war merito of Yukitsuna TADA is not in 'Azuma Kagami' is his territories were seized because Yoritomo became angry with him after the fall of the Heike (Taira clan) family (in 1185).
- 星野恒の『吾妻鏡考』(1889年)について諸研究書に見る限り、『吾妻鏡』を幕府記録の嚆矢(こうし)であり、武家制度、法令、政治経済を理解する上で必須の史料と位置づけている。
- As various studies say, 'A Study of Azuma Kagami' (1889) written by Hisashi HOSHINO ranks 'Azuma Kagami' as the essential historical material to understand the samurai system, laws, politics and economies, and it was seen as the beginning of the record of shogunate.
- 『紫式部日記』、『更級日記』、『水鏡』などのこの物語の成立時期に近い主要な文献に「源氏の物語」とあることなどから、物語の成立当初からこの名前で呼ばれていたと考えられている。
- Major contemporary works such as 'Murasaki Shikibu Diary,' 'Sarashina Nikki (As I Crossed a Bridge of Dreams),' and 'Mizukagami (The Water Mirror)' mention the title of 'The Tale of Genji'; therefore, it is thought that the tale had that title from the beginning.
- 『大鏡』に登場する「なまざむらい」と同義語とされ、『中右記』や『明月記』などの日記類、『今昔物語集』・『古今著聞集』・『平家物語』・『宇治拾遺物語』の物語類などにも登場する。
- It is considered to be a synonym of 'Namazamurai', which appeared in 'Okagami' (Great Mirror; a historical tale), and in diaries such as 'Chuyuki' (The Diary of a Court Official) and 'Meigetsuki' (Chronicle of the Bright Moon), and stories such as 'Konjaku monogatari shu' (Tales of a Time Now Past), 'Kokon chomon ju' (A collection of Tales Heard, Past and Present), 'Heike monogatari' (Tale of the Heike), and 'Ujishui monogatari' (Tales of the Uji Collection).
- なお、『今鏡』には、冬期にくだけた場面で袍を肩脱ぎした際、皆下襲が露わになる中で藤原教通のみがきちんと半臂を着用しており、周囲がいたく自らを恥じた、という逸話が残されている。
- According to an episode described in 'Imakagami' (The mirror of the Present), in a scene in a casual atmosphere, when some people took off ho from their shoulders, the people exposed their shitagasane and only Norimichi FUJIWARA orderly wore hanbi and the people around were deeply ashamed of themselves.
- なお、年齢については、『水鏡』に「御年四十五(45歳)」とあり、これに基づいて逆算すれば、允恭天皇29年(440年)の誕生となるが、どれだけ史実を反映しているかは不明である。
- And as for her age, 'she is forty-five (45 years old),' was written in 'Mizu Kagami (The Water Mirror),' and to calculate her age inversely based on this, it is Emperor Ingyo 29 (440), but it is not clear how it true to the historical fact.
- 『大鏡』には、陽成上皇が宇多天皇のことを、「あれはかつて私に仕えていた者ではないか」と言ったという逸話が残っているが、陽成上皇が復位を画策しているという風説は天皇を悩ませた。
- According to an anecdotal story in 'Okagami (The Great Mirror),' the retired Emperor Yozei said that Emperor Uda used to serve him. It is also said to have been a big headache for the retired Emperor Uda as Emperor Yozei had tried to restore his government.
- 内親王自身も摂関家との交流には常に気を配ったらしく、『枕草子』で中宮藤原定子との季節の交流が描かれる一方、『大鏡』や『栄花物語』には道長との当意即妙なやり取りが記されている。
- The Imperial Princess took care to interact with a clan eligible to become regents, and while 'Makura no soshi' (The Pillow Book) depicted seasonal interactions with the second consort of the emperor, FUJIWARA no Teishi, 'Okagami,' and 'Eiga monogatari' (Tale of Flowering Fortunes) depicted her witty interactions with Michinaga.
- そうした憶測は先に述べたように、吾妻鏡は金沢文庫に完本であった原本が、小田原の後北条氏の手に渡り、それが徳川家康の手に完本の常態で渡っていたのではという想像から始まっている。
- As mentioned before, such conjecture started from the supposition that the complete original text of Azuma Kagami in the Kanazawa Library was transferred to the Gohojo clan in Odawara, therefore Ieyasu TOKUGAWA should have had the whole text.
- この項に、兄である三郎右衛門家次の名が、「本庄三郎左衛門」として初めて見られ、確認できるが、『吾妻鏡』の人名の誤記や混同の多さから考えて、本来は「庄三郎右衛門」と考えられる。
- In this section, the name of his older brother Saburouemon Ietsugu was seen for the first time as 'Honjo Saburozaemon,' but it should originally be 'Shozaburouemon' by considering many misnomer and confusion in 'Azuma Kagami.'
- が、承久3年(1221年)に後鳥羽上皇が倒幕の兵を挙げると基綱は上皇方として参加し、その敗北とともに討ち取られ梟首されたとの記録が残る(『吾妻鏡』同6月20日 (旧暦)条)。
- However, it is documented that when the Retired Emperor Gotoba raised an army to overthrow the Shogunate, Mototsuna took part in the Retired Emperor's side, and that when it was defeated, he was killed and his severed head was exposed (the article of July 18, 1221 in 'Azuma Kagami' [The Mirror of the East]).
- 宿願を果たした義経は法皇から戦勝を讃える勅使を受け、一ノ谷、屋島以上の大功を成した立役者として、平家から取り戻した八咫鏡八尺瓊勾玉を奉じて4月24日_(旧暦)京都に凱旋する。
- Having achieved his long desired objective, Yoshitsune received an imperial envoy dispatched by the Cloistered Emperor to glorify his victory, after which he made a triumphal return to Kyoto on April 24 (old old lunar calendar); it was here that, as the leading figure in the Battle of Dannoura (for which the strategy had been more successful than that of the Battle of Ichinotani and the Battle of Yashima), he embraced the mirror Yata no Kagami and the jewel Yasaka no Magatama (two of the Three Sacred Treasures of Japan), which had been recovered from the Taira family.
- 平安時代以降、鏡面に仏像を線彫りにして信仰礼拝の対象とした「鏡像」(きょうぞう)が盛んに製作され、これは後に銅板に半肉彫りの彫像を取り付けた「懸仏」(かけぼとけ)に発展した。
- After the Heian period, many 'kyo-zos' (mirror images), which were made as the object for religious pray by engraving lines of Buddha on the mirror, were produced, and later they developed into Kakebotoke (hanging plaque Buddha) which were bronze plates with an image made by hannikubori engraving method.
- この時代は、前の天皇、文徳天皇朝で人臣初めて(藤原仲麻呂・道鏡は除く)の太政大臣に就任した藤原良房とその養子(甥)の藤原基経が、初期摂関政治等藤原氏の権勢を固めた時代だった。
- During the period, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, who was the first subject appointed as Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister) in the reign of the former Emperor Montoku (except FUJIWARA no Nakamaro and Dokyo) and his adopted child (nephew) FUJIWARA no Mototsune attained the ascendancy of the Fujiwara clan including early Sekkanseiji (the power of Sekkan, meaning regents and advisers, governs the country) and so on.
- この期間を詳細に後世に伝えられる家としては千葉氏を筆頭に、あとは三浦氏の佐原義連の家系であり、それらの家に伝えられた伝承が『吾妻鏡』に取り込まれたと仮定すれば全ては符合する。
- The family line of Yoshitsura SAHARA of the Miura clan, as well as the Chiba clan, can tell the details of this time period, and if we assume that such family traditions were captured in 'Azuma Kagami,' everything can be consistent.
- その実際の家系については、『保元物語』に登場する信濃国の安藤次、安藤三との関係などを指摘する説、『吾妻鏡』に登場する三沢安藤四郎との関係などを指摘する説もあるが分かっていない。
- The real family line is not clear, as there are many different theories; in one theory, the relation with Tsuguo ANDO and (安藤三) of Shinano Province mentioned in 'Hogen Monogatari' (The Tale of the Hogen War) is pointed out, while in another theory, the relation with Shiro ANDO of Misawa that appears in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) is pointed out.
- この時代の銅鏡の中には、中国大陸の年号が銘されている紀年鏡が13枚のうち12枚が含まれており、出土した古墳やその他の副葬品が製造された年代を推定するための参考資料とされている。
- Because twelve out of thirteen Kinen mirrors, which were with the name of an era of China, were included in bronze mirrors produced in this period, these mirrors were used as references to estimate the era when the excavated tumulus or other burial goods were produced.
- 1934年に中国から日本にかけて行われた調査では、粒の大きさは0.001mm - 0.5mmのものが多かったという(光学顕微鏡による調査のため微小な粒子は観測できない点に注意)。
- In an investigation conducted in 1934 over the area from China to Japan, the sand grain sizes were concentrated in the range of 0.001 mm to 0.5 mm (note that optical microscopes used could not measure minute grain sizes).
- 古く縄文時代の遺跡から見つかる勾玉などのアクセサリー、日本神話に見られる三種の神器(勾玉・鏡)などから初期の衣類を含めた身体装飾には権威的・呪術的な意味があったと考えられている。
- Accessories such as magadama (a comma-shaped bead) found in the old remains of the Jomon period, and three sacred imperial treasures (magadama and mirror) appearing in the Japanese Mythology showed that clothing accessories including clothes of an early date had meanings of authority and magic.
- それらのことから和田英松は「吾妻鏡古写本考」において、北条本や黒川本の源流である金沢文庫本は節略本であり、吉川本はそれより前の編集途中の版をベースとした写本であろうとしたという。
- Taking these things into consideration, Hidematsu WADA claimed in 'A Study on Old Manuscripts of Azuma Kagami' that a manuscript in the Kanazawa Library, the source of Hojobon and Kurokawabon, is a simplified book, and Yoshikawabon would have been based on the version which was being edited before it.
- 原勝郎が1898年(明治31年)に『吾妻鏡の性質及其史料としての價値』を表してから15年経っても、まだ当時の歴史学会には吾妻鏡絶対主義とでもいうような風潮がかなりあったのだろう。
- Even 15 years after Katsuro HARA came out with 'The Nature of Azuma Kagami and Its Value as a Historical Material' in 1898, there seemed to be a great tendency to regard Azuma Kagami as absolute truth.
- 弥生時代から古墳時代にかけておよそ4,000枚の鏡が出土するが、そのうち紀年鏡13枚のうち12枚は235年~244年の間に収まって銘されており、かつ畿内を中心に分布していること。
- About 4,000 mirrors from Yayoi period to Tumulus period have been unearthed, and 12 of 13 date-inscribed mirrors amongst them featured dates between 235 and 244, and were distributed around the Kinai region.
- 鎌倉幕府の公式日記(もしくはそれに准じるもの)である『吾妻鏡』には壇ノ浦の戦いについては元暦二年三月二十四日の条で「長門国赤間関壇ノ浦の海上で三町を隔て船を向かわせて源平が相戦う。
- In the 'Azuma kagami' (Mirror of the East), the official (or semi-official) diary of the Kamakura Shogunate, the battle of Dannoura, listed under the entry of 24th day of the third month of Genryaku 2, is described as follows: 'The ships of the Minamoto and Taira, their forces apart from each other by approximately 300 meters, met in battle on the sea of Dannoura in Akamaseki of Nagato Province.
- 以上は、『義経記』を中心とした後世の物語を基にしたもので、史実の弁慶については、『吾妻鏡』文治元年の条で都落ちした義経・行家一行の中に弁慶の名がある以外は、ほとんど明らかではない。
- The description as above is based on the stories in later periods including 'Gikeiki,' and Benkei as his historical existence is only mentioned in the paragraph of the year 1185 of 'Azuma Kagami' that has his name as one of the members of Yoshitsune and Yukiie's party as they left Kyoto.
- 史料である『吾妻鏡』や『玉葉』によると、都落ちの後、周辺に潜伏する義経を比叡山の悪僧(僧兵)らが庇護しており、その中の俊章(しゅんしょう)という僧は義経を奥州まで案内したとされる。
- According to historical materials such as 'Azuma Kagami' and the 'Gyokuyo,' a journal of Kanezane KUJO, armed priests of Enryaku-ji Temple of Mt. Hiei sheltered Yoshitsune and his retainers, who escaped from Kyoto and stayed hidden around Mt. Hiei; one of those priests named Shunsho took them to Oshu.
- 4月、頼朝は頼盛に荘園33ヶ所を返還しているが(『吾妻鏡』4月6日条)、この荘園の返還は頼朝による本領安堵であり、頼盛はこれによって鎌倉との主従関係に組み込まれたとする見方もある。
- In May, Yoritomo returned 33 private estates to Yorimori (see the entry for April 6 in the 'Azuma Kagami'), which represented an implicit honryo-ando (acknowledgment for inherited estate) by Yoritomo; some historians view Yoritomo's return of Yorimori's holdings was a performative act whereby Yorimori was inducted into the Kamakura shogunate as a vassal.
- 義経が頼朝の怒りを買った原因は、『吾妻鏡』によると許可なく官位を受けたことのほか、平氏追討にあたって軍監として頼朝に使わされていた梶原景時の意見を聞かず、独断専行で事を進めたこと。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami,' Yoshitsune invoked the wrath of Yoritomo because he accepted the title from the court without asking for Yoritomo's previous permission and he acted arbitrarily without obeying the instructions of Kagetoki KAJIWARA, who was sent to Yoshitsune by Yoritomo as the military supervisor for the pursuit of the Taira clan.
- 吾妻鏡など、同時代の史料には那須与一の名は見えないため、与一の事跡は軍記物語である平家物語や源平盛衰記に伝えるところが大きい(そのため、学問的には与一の実在すら立証できていない)。
- The name NASU no Yoichi is not seen in Azuma Kagami (history book) and other historical materials of the period, so the assessment of Yoichi's performance relies heavily on the descriptions written in Heike Monogatari and Gempei-Josuiki as military epics (therefore, the existence of Yoichi has not been proved academically).
- 上横手雅敬は鎌倉幕府編纂である『吾妻鏡』に疑問を呈し、義経の無断任官問題が老獪な後白河が義経を利用して頼朝との離反を計り、義経がそれに乗せられた結果であるとする通説を批判している。
- Masataka UWAYOKOTE poses a question on the credibility of 'Azuma Kagami' elaborated by the Kamakura bakufu, and he opposed to the common theory, that is, Yoshitsune's acceptance of the title without his brother's permission was a result of an evil design of Goshirakawa, and with this strategy he tried to divide Yoshitsune from Yoritomo and Yoshitsune was trapped by it.
- 八代国治は『明月記』を集中的に検証を加え『吾妻鏡』1211年(建暦元年)11月4日条を見つけるが、これは『明月記』1211年(建暦元年)10月23日条を若干縮めて書いたものである。
- Kuniji YASHIRO examined 'Meigetsuki' intensely to find that the entry dated November 4, 1211 in 'Azuma Kagami,' was an abbreviated version of the entry dated October 23, 1211 in 'Meigetsuki.'
- 政治史的には、710年の平城京遷都から729年の長屋王の変までを前期、藤原四兄弟の専権から764年の藤原仲麻呂の乱までを中期、孝謙天皇称徳天皇および道鏡の執政以降を後期に細分できる。
- From a political history viewpoint, the period can be divided into three: the Early Stage from the transfer of the capital to Heijokyo in 710 to Nagayao no hen (conspiracy of Prince Nagaya) in 729, the Middle Stage from the arbitrary exertion of power by four brothers of the Fujiwara family to the rebellion by FUJIWARA no Nakamaro in 764, and the Later Stage from administration by Dokyo and the Empress Koken (also known as Shotoku) onwards.
- 吉保の参詣記は、一代記『身自鏡』に記されたもので、地名が明言されていないが、7月10日に新宮市に到着し、14日に高野山に到るという日程や経路から見て小辺路を利用したことは確実である。
- This pilgrimage record by Yoshiyasu was compiled in his biography 'Minokagami,' and analyzing the record about the dates and the route that he arrived at Shingu City on July 10 and at Mt. Koya on July 14, it is certain that he used kohechi, although he did not record this name of the road.
- 3月24日、攻め寄せる義経軍水軍に対して、知盛率いる平氏軍が彦島を出撃して、午の刻(12時ごろ)(『玉葉』による、『吾妻鏡』では午前)に関門海峡壇ノ浦で両軍は衝突して合戦が始まった。
- On May 2, the Taira navy under the command of Tomomori sallied forth from Hikoshima in response to Yoshitsune's attacking navy, and at the hour of the horse (about noon - according to the 'Gyokuyo chronicle'; the 'Azuma kagami' claims it was during the morning) the two navies clashed at Dannoura in the Kanmon straits, and the battle was joined.
- また舞台も伝統的な能舞台ではなく、舞台背景に鏡板ではなく十字架を使用したり(「ジゼル」)、特殊な鏡を使用してシテが鏡の中に消えたように見せる演出(「安倍晴明」)などが試みられている。
- As the stage itself, a traditional Noh-stage is not used however, use of a cross in the background of the stage instead of kagami-ita (the back board) ('Giselle') and stage-management to cause the shite (the main character) to be seen as if the shite enters and disappears in a mirror, using a special mirror ('ABE no Seimei') have been tried.
- 『今鏡』によると、後朱雀天皇が尊仁親王を兄の親仁親王(後冷泉天皇)の皇太弟にと考えていたのを、頼通が抑えていたのに対し、能信が強く薦めて、その遺詔により皇太弟となる事が出来たとある。
- According to 'Ima Kagami (The Mirror of the Present),' Emperor Gosuzaku considered Prince Takahito of his older brother, Prince Chikahito's (Emperor Goreizei) successor, as Crowin Princes' younger brother, although Yorimichi was against it, at Yoshinobu's insistence Prince Takahito became the crown prince.
- 一門の滅亡を頼盛がどのように思ったかは定かでないが、それから程なく頼朝に出家の素懐を申し送って了承を得ると、5月29日、東大寺で出家して法名を重蓮と号した(『吾妻鏡』6月18日条)。
- It is not known how Yorimori felt about the fall of the clan; however, soon thereafter, he conveyed a long-held desire to become a Buddhist priest to Yoritomo, and after obtaining his approval, Yorimori took the tonsure and became a priest on July 5 at Todai-ji Temple, assuming the buddhist name Choren (see the entry for June 18 in the 'Azuma Kagami').
- 同時代を語る紀伝体歴史物語の『大鏡』が男性官人の観点を貫くのに対し、編年体の体裁をとる『栄花物語』は女性の手になるため、構造や行文には『源氏物語』などの女流文学の投影が色濃く見える。
- While 'Okagami (The Great Mirror),' a contemporary historical tale written in the style of a biographical record, consistently tells the story from the view of an official (probably a man), the annalistic 'Eiga Monogatari' was written in a woman's hand, and the structures and style were strongly influenced by women's literature such as 'The Tale of Genji.'
- なお、後年の編纂物である『吾妻鏡』などには一連の北陸出兵が「義仲討伐の為」と記されているが、当時の記録には、『玉葉』寿永2年(1183年)5月16日条まで義仲の名前は記載されていない。
- The books compiled in later years, including 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), state that the serial dispatch of troops to Hokuriku was 'in order to seek out and kill Yoshinaka' but Yoshinaka's name was not recorded in the records made at the time, until the June 14, 1183 entry in 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane).
- 入水した建礼門院は助け上げられ、内侍所(八咫鏡)と神璽(八尺瓊勾玉)は回収されたが、二位ノ尼とともに入水した安徳天皇は崩御し、宝剣(天叢雲剣)も海に没した(別説あり、天叢雲剣現存説)。
- Tokuko, who had jumped into the sea, was rescued and brought up again, and while the Eight-Span Mirror (Yata no kagami, one of the three Imperial Regalia); it was also known as the Naishidokoro (the Palace of the Inner Attendants, where it was kept) and the Grand Jewels (Yasakani no magatama, comma-shaped jewel) were recovered, Emperor Antoku, who had gone into the sea with Tokiko, perished, and the Sword (the Sword of the Heavenly Gathering of Clouds, the third of the Imperial Regalia) sank away into the sea (there is another theory which states that the Sword is still extant).
- 以上のことから、事件の真の首謀者は他ならぬ称徳天皇自身であったとし、指名者が非皇族の道鏡であったという問題点を克服するために宇佐八幡宮の神託を利用したのが事件の本質であったとしている。
- From the above, HOSOI makes a point that the true ringleader of this incident was none other than Empress Shotoku herself, and the true nature of this incident was that the empress used the oracle from the Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine to overcome the problem that the person whom she wanted to appoint as her successor was Dokyo who was from a non Imperial family.
- 『公卿補任』『水鏡』は同55年(367年)、『帝王編年記』所引一書は同78年(390年)に没したといい、年齢についても280歳・295歳・306歳・312歳・360歳などの諸説がある。
- The 'Kugyobunin' (Directory of Court Nobles) and the 'Mizukagami' (The Water Mirror) state that he died in 367 and quotations in 'Teio Hennenki' (the Chronicle of emperors) state that he died in 390, and his age at death is variously given as 280, 295, 306, 312, 360, and so on.
- 京都府の椿井大塚山古墳および奈良県の黒塚古墳から大量に出土した三角縁神獣鏡のいずれかがこれに該当するものではないかと言われているが、古くから論争が繰り広げられており、結論は出ていない。
- A great deal of Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirrors (a round mirror with raised edge and relief engraving of animals and gods) excavated from either of Tsubaiotsukayama Tumulus in Kyoto Prefecture and Kurozuka Tumulus in Nara Prefecture are believed to be the one which determines the location of Yamataikoku Kingdom, and this has long been controversial but no conclusion has been reached.
- 『平家物語』に描かれた平氏随一の剛将として知られ屋島の戦い、壇ノ浦の戦いで義経を苦しめた教経の最後だが、『吾妻鏡』によれば教経はこれ以前の一ノ谷の戦いで討ち死にしているという記述がある。
- The above is the account given in the 'Heike monogatari' of the final moments of Noritsune, known as the greatest of the strong leaders of the Taira clan and a thorn in Yoshitsune's side at both the battle of Okushima and at Dannoura, yet in the 'Azuma kagami,' Noritsune is recorded as having been killed during the battle of Ichinotani.
- しかし、称徳女帝が崩御して光仁天皇となり、道鏡が失脚すると、宝亀3年10月14日 (旧暦)(772年)に、墾田私有を許可する(が百姓は苦しませないように)と言う旨の太政官符が発布された。
- On November 17, 772 however, when Emperor Konin ascended the throne after the demise of Empress Shotoku, and Dokyo fell from power, a Daijokanpu which permitted the ownership of cultivated lands (on condition that farmers not be tormented) was promulgated.
- ところで、最古の埴輪である都月形円筒埴輪と最古の前方後円墳の副葬品とされる大陸製の三角縁神獣鏡とが、同じ墓から出土しないで、前者が出ると後者が出ないし、その反対もあることが知られていた。
- By the way, it was known that Totsuki-style cylindrical Haniwa, which are the oldest Haniwa, and Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror (triangular-rimmed mirror) made in continent, which are thought to be the oldest burial goods of large keyhole-shaped tomb mound, were not found in the same tomb, that is, when the former were unearthed from a tomb, the latter were not found there, and vice versa.
- 『大鏡』には、いったん臣籍降下したにもかかわらず、父、光孝天皇の後をうけ即位した元侍従であった宇多天皇のことを、「あれはかつて私に仕えていた者ではないか」と言ったという逸話が残っている。
- According to 'O-kagami (The Great Mirror),' despite Retired Emperor Yozei's demotion from nobility to subject, when seeing Emperor Uda, who used to be one of the palace staff and was enthroned after the abdication of the Retired Emperor's father, Emperor Koko, it is said that the Retired Emperor asked, 'That person used to serve me at the palace, didn't he?'
- また、信憑性にはやや欠けるものの、「水鏡」によれば光仁天皇が酒人内親王の立太子を検討していたとも言われ、もしそれが事実ならば桓武天皇やその周辺にとっては警戒すべき相手であったとも言える。
- Although there is no definitive proof as to whether this is true or not, according to the 'Mizukagami' (The Water Mirror), Emperor Konin planned to have Imperial Princess Sakahito become the Crown Princess; if true, this must have made Emperor Kanmu and his circle extremely wary of her.
- 鎌倉幕府には正史的な歴史書『吾妻鏡』があり、江戸幕府には同様の意味を持つ『徳川実紀』があったが、室町幕府は政情不安が長期にわたって続いたためにまとまった歴史書が編纂される機会がなかった。
- For the Kamakura bakufu, there is the official history text known as 'Azuma Kagami' (a chronicle of the history of the Kamakura bakufu) and there was a similar text entitled 'Tokugawa Jikki' for the Edo bakufu, the long period of continued political instability meant that there was no opportunity to compile a history of the Muromachi bakufu.
- 北条泰時以来、執権・得宗体制を支えてきた北条庶流との利害の対立も先鋭化し、その対立の行き着いた先が『吾妻鏡』編纂年の下限とされる1304年の翌年に起こった嘉元の乱であるという見方もある。
- A conflict with the collateral line of the Hojo family, who had supported the system of regent and the Tokuso administration since the reign of Yasutoki HOJO, heated up, and it caused the Kagen Disturbance to occur in the next year of 1304, which was considered the possible last year of Azuma Kagami's compilation.
- 道鏡の左遷はこの時代の典型的な政変であり、清麻呂が光仁朝で重用されなかったのは、彼が元々地方豪族出身でなおかつ称徳天皇の側近層であった以上、光仁天皇側とのつながりは希薄だったと解している。
- HOSOI thinks that the demotion of Dokyo is a typical political change of the time and that the reason Kiyomaro did not receive an important position in the court of Emperor Konin was that originally he came from a powerful local clan and he was a member of close advisers to Emperor Shotoku and his connection with the side of Emperor Konin was not so close.
- 幕府に献上された島津本は現在は行方不明であるが、徳川家所蔵の所謂北条本に欠けていた部分を多く含み、その差分が『吾妻鏡脱漏』または『東鑑脱纂』として1668年(寛文8年)に木版で出版された。
- The Shimazubon presented to the bakufu is missing now, but it contained many accounts which were not included in the so-called Hojobon owned by the Tokugawa family, therefore the differences were published in the wood block printing book of 'The Omitted Portion of Azuma Kagami' or 'The Omitted Edition of Azuma Kagami' in 1668.
- だが、反仲麻呂派の貴族の大勢はあくまでも仲麻呂の政界からの排除のために上皇に協力しただけであり、一度は出家して尼になった筈の孝謙上皇の復位やましてや道鏡の政界進出に賛同したわけではなかった。
- However, most of the anti-Nakamaro faction of the court nobles cooperated with the Retired Empress just to remove Nakamaro from the political world; they did not mean that they approve of the Empress Koken, who had once entered into priesthood, return to the throne; much less the advancement of Dokyo to the political world.
- 『日本書紀』神功皇后52年(252年?)九月丙子の条に、百済の肖古王が日本の使者、千熊長彦に会い、七支刀一口、七子鏡一面、及び種々の重宝を献じて、友好を願ったという意味のことが書かれている。
- According to the article dated Hinoene of September in ca. 252 of 'Nihonshoki,' Chogo, the king of Paekche, met Nagahiko CHIKUMA, an envoy from Japan, and gave him one seven-pronged sword, one nanatsuko no kagami (a mirror with seven small decoration mirrors), and various other treasures, hoping to form a friendship.
- 「古事記」に見える王名「袁本杼(ヲホド)」と鏡の銘文に記された「男弟(ヲオト)」とは6世紀初頭における発音は異なっていたので、鏡にある「男弟(ヲオト)」は継体天皇ではないと解釈する説がある。
- Also, there is a theory which claims that the 'Wooto' on the mirror cannot be identified as Emperor Keitai because the pronunciation of 'Wohodo', the King's name in 'Kojiki', differed from 'Wooto' in the inscription on the mirror in the early sixth century.
- 元木泰雄は従来、概ねその記述を信用できると考えられていた『吾妻鏡』について近年著しくすすんだ史料批判と、『玉葉』など同時代の史料を丹念に付き合わせる作業によって、新しい義経像を提示している。
- Yasuo MOTOKI presents a new profile of Yoshitsune, by examining 'Azuma Kagami,' whose text has been considered rather credible, based on the approach of the critique of historical materials, which has been advanced remarkably in the resent years, and by comparing the detailed descriptions of the 'Azuma Kagami' with those of 'Gyokuyo' and other materials written at the same period.
- 直接の編纂者について、八代国治が『吾妻鏡』の編纂者達を政所と問注所の吏員である大江広元の子孫(毛利、長井)、二階堂行政の子孫、三善康信の子孫達(大田、町野)ではないかとしたことは既に述べた。
- As mentioned already, Kuniji YASHIRO regarded the compilers of 'Azuma Kagami' as the descendants of Hiromoto OE (Mori, Nagai), Yukimasa NIKAIDO, and Yasunobu MIYOSHI (Ota, Machino), who were officials of Mandokoro and Monchujo.
- 『妹背山』のお三輪と鱶七、『隅田川』の班女と舟長、『先代萩』の政岡と八汐『鏡山』の尾上と岩藤、そして新歌舞伎『建礼門院』の建礼門院と後白河法皇、など東西成駒屋の息のあった舞台は観客を魅了した。
- The stages that both east and west Narikoma-ya performed with great chemistry, such as Omiwa and Fukashichi of 'Imoseyama,' Hanjo and Funaosa of 'Sumida-gawa,' Masaoka and Yashio of 'Meiboku Sendai Hagi,' Onoue and Iwafuji of 'Kagamiyama,' Kenreimonin and Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa of new Kabuki, 'Kenreimonin' attracted audiences.
- 平家滅亡後は鎌倉幕府の御家人となり、建久4年(1193年)に源頼朝が富士裾野へ夏狩に出掛けた際、これに随行した「土岐三郎」は光衡であると推定されている(『吾妻鏡』同年5月10日 (旧暦)条)。
- After the fall of the Taira clan, he became a vassal of the Kamakura Shogunate, and 'Saburo TOKI,' who is recorded in the May 10 (in old calendar) article of 'Azuma Kagami' to have accompanied MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in his summer hunting in the field at the foot of Mt. Fuji in 1193 is estimated to be Mitsuhira.
- 卑弥呼の遣使にちなんだと見られる景初三年、正始元年銘の三角縁神獣鏡が畿内を中心に分布、かつこれらが発掘される古墳の多くは年輪年代学等の結果により3世紀に築造されたと見られ、時代が合致すること。
- Triangular-rimmed mirrors inscribed 景初三年 or 正始元年 (Chinese names of an era, 239 or 240), which apparently commemorated Himiko's dispatching of envoys, were distributed centering upon Kinai region, and also many tumuli from which these mirrors were excavated presumed to have been constructed in the 3rd century - according to the findings of dendrochronology - which match with the dates of Yamatai.
- 『吾妻鏡』の編年が鎌倉時代中期以降とされることからも、この話しは「騎射戦の心得」の伝授に力点があり、事実と断定は出来ないが、しかし物語のような武勇譚が生まれる下地は実際にあったのかもしれない。
- 'Azumakagami' seems to have been compiled after the middle of the Kamakura period and it is difficult to consider this article to be true because it focuses on knowledge on a cavalry battle, but there might have in fact been a basis for generating a heroic episode such as this tale.
- 近年では『吾妻鏡』によると、元は関東にいた御家人で、玉井氏・忍氏・岡部氏・滝瀬氏ら武蔵七党の横山党や猪俣党と並ぶ家柄であり、もともとは利根川流域に基盤をもつ東国武士の有力集団の一派だったという。
- Recently, it has been noted that the record on 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) states that originally they were one of the powerful samurai groups in the eastern part of Japan, Togoku Samurai, who were based in the area of Tonegawa River and also gokenin (an immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods)who belonged to an upper class like Tamai clan, Okabe clan, Nin clan and Takise clan from the Musashi-shichito Parties such as Yokoyama Party or Inomata Party (seven parties of samurai in Musashi Province).
- 詠歌にも琴にまつわる秀歌が多く、また『大鏡』171段にも天皇と徽子女王の琴をめぐる逸話が語られており、『夜鶴庭訓抄』は斎宮女御が右手を琴を引く手として大切にし、普段は左の手を使ったと伝えている。
- She also wrote a large number of excellent waka as songs for the koto, and section 171 of the 'Okagami' tells an anecdote about the Emperor and Queen Kishi playing the koto together; the 'Yakakutei kinsho' reports that priestesses of Ise and court ladies valued playing the koto so highly that they reserved their right hands only for that, and used their left hands only in daily life.
- 今日伝わっている牛若丸の物語は、歴史書である『吾妻鏡』に短く記された記録と、『平治物語』や『源平盛衰記』の軍記物語、それらの集大成としてより虚構を加えた物語である『義経記』などによるものである。
- Today's popular story of Ushiwakamaru is based on such pieces as: the short records contained in a history book, 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), the military epic stories such as 'Heiji Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heiji) and 'Genpei Seisuiki' (The Rise and Decline of the Minamoto and Taira Clans), and 'Gikeiki' (A Military Epic about the Life of Yoshitsune), which is a comprehensive story mixed up with more fiction based upon the above two epic stories.
- 南面に大妻戸(またはたたき戸)があり、その左右は壁、東西両面とも北よりの1間が妻戸、南よりの1間はともに壁、北面は2間とも妻戸、帳は枕の方(東)に厨子2つ、あとの方に鏡掛があり、衣架も立てられた。
- There is an Otsumado (or Tataki-do) on the south wall of Yoru-no-otodo, Tsumado of 1.82 m in breadth located on the northerly walls on both east and west sides of the room leaving southerly 1.82 m as walls, two 1.82 m wide Tsumados on the north side, Tobari (curtain) and two of Zushi are placed in the direction of Emperor's pillow, east, Kagami-kake or Kagami-tate (mirror stand) is put on the other side, and Ika (clothes rack) is also placed.
- 当子内親王が斎宮に卜定されて伊勢下向の儀式「別れの御櫛」に臨んだ際、天皇も斎宮も互いに振り返ってはならない決まりであったのを、父三条天皇は別れがたさに思わず振り返らせてしまったという(『大鏡』)。
- At the ceremony of 'Wakare no Migushi' which was held when Imperial Princess Toshi, who had been appointed to Saigu by divination, was about to depart for Ise Province, her father, Emperor Sanjo, made her look back at him because of the pain of parting, although neither the Emperor nor she was allowed to do so (according to 'Okagami' - the Great Mirror).
- また、江戸時代前期の国学者多田義俊が「十語五草」と呼んだ婦人の教養書一覧の中に「四鏡」や『枕草子』・『徒然草』とともに『弥世継』も挙げられていたことから、多田義俊が弥世継を読んでいた可能性もある。
- Also, there is a possibility that Yoshitoshi TADA, a scholar of Kokugaku (National Learning) in the first half of the Edo period, read Iya Yotsugi because he mentioned in a list of educational books for women called 'Jugo Goso' (Ten Narratives and Five Storybooks) along with 'Shikyo,' 'The Pillow Book' and 'Essays in Idleness.'
- 『吾妻鏡』では頼盛の名が出る9例中、8例までが頼朝との関連で言及されているので(頼盛単独では、治承4年5月16日条の以仁王の子を連行した記事のみ)、頼朝の恩情を語るための素材になっている感がある。
- In the 'Azuma Kagami,' eight cases out of nine in which Yorimori is referred to mention his name in respect of his relationship with Yoritomo (the only reference to Yorimori alone, is in an entry for May 16 in the fourth year of the Jisho era recounting his taking the child of Mochihitoo), and it appears as if Yorimori was used as material to depict Yoritomo's benevolence.
- 氏真は武田軍を薩埵峠で迎撃すべく興津の清見寺に出陣したが、瀬名信輝や葛山氏元、朝比奈政貞、三浦義鏡など駿河の有力国人21人が信玄に通じたため、12月13日に今川軍は潰走し駿府もたちまち占領された。
- Ujizane headed to Seiken-ji Temple of Okitsu in order to ambush the Takeda army at Satta Pass, however, because 21 influential countrymen such as Nobuteru SENA, Ujimoto KATSURAYAMA, Masasada ASAHINA and Yoshikane MIURA were communicating with Shingen, the Imagawa army faced a debacle and Sumpu was quickly occupied on December 13th.
- それから9年後の1898年(明治31年)に、原勝郎 (歴史家)は、『吾妻鏡の性質及其史料としての價値』を表し、歴史研究における「史料批判」の重要性を強調して、安易に盲信することへの警鐘を鳴らした。
- Nine years later in 1898, Katsuro HARA published 'The Nature of Azuma Kagami and Its Worth as a Historical Material,' emphasizing the importance of 'criticism of the historical materials' and warning people not to believe them easily and blindly.
- 鎌倉時代に入ると国基の後裔は幕府の御家人となり、『吾妻鏡』建久6年(1195年)3月10日 (旧暦)条にある将軍家東大寺供養に随行する兵の中に「野瀬判官代」とその同族「安房判官代」の名がみえている。
- During the Kamakura period, descendants of Kunimoto became gokenin (immediate vassal of the shogunate) and on an entry dated April 28, 1195 of 'Azuma Kagami (The Mirror of the East),' the names of 'Nose hogandai' and his cognate, 'Awa hogandai' are listed among soldiers who accompanied the group on a trip to memorial service for Shogun family at Todai-ji temple.
- 健康面での被害への対策として、黄砂が大量に降っている場合は、砂の微粒子を体内に取り込まないように、眼鏡やマスクを着用する、うがいや手洗い・洗顔を行う、外出を控えるといった処置をとることが挙げられる。
- When lots of kosa is falling, it is considered to take the following measures against damage to health: Wearing eye glasses and a mask to prevent fine sand particles from entering the body, gargling and washing your hands and face, and avoiding going outdoors.
- 近年、大阪大学の福永伸哉の研究により、三角縁神獣鏡350面を含む千数百面の鏡の鈕孔(ひも通し孔)の観察から、三角縁神獣鏡の鈕孔の形が長方形で、他の鏡の鈕孔の円形や半円形と異なっていることが分かった。
- A recent study by Shinya FUKUNAGA of Osaka University in observing bodkins of more than a thousand of mirrors including 350 of Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror showed that the shape of the bodkin of Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror was square and different from that of other mirrors which were round or semicircle.
- それぞれが当たり役とした『娘道成寺』の白拍子花子、『合邦辻』の玉手御前などをはじめ『鏡山』の尾上とお初、『忠臣蔵』のおかる・戸無瀬・お石などは、両優が火花を散らす舞台として戦後歌舞伎の精華であった。
- Both of them regarded the same characters as their successful characters--Shirabyoshi Hanako of 'Musume Dojoji,' Tamate-Gozen of 'Sesshu Gappo ga Tsuji,' Onoue and Ohatsu of 'Kagamiyama,' Okaru, Tonase and Oishi of 'Chushingura,'--these were the pearls of post-war Kabuki as stages where both actors rivaled each other.
- 戦前までの上方・京都や関西の一部では天皇の御所を模した御殿式の屋形の中に男雛・女雛を飾り、その前の階段や庭に三人官女や五人囃子らを並べ、横に鏡台や茶道具、重箱などの精巧なミニチュアなどを飾っていた。
- In some parts of the Kansai region as well as Kyoto and its vicinity before World War II, the doll representing the emperor and the doll representing the empress were placed in the imperial palace-like mansion modeled after an emperor's palace, and the three court ladies and the five musicians were displayed on the stairs or the garden in front of the two dolls with the fine miniatures such as a dressing table, tea utensils, and tiered food boxes on their sides.
- 合戦が行われた時間については『吾妻鏡』は午の刻(12時ごろ)に終わった記しており、一方、関白九条兼実の日記である『玉葉』には午の刻(12時ごろ)に始まり、申の刻(16時ごろ)に終わったと記されている。
- Regarding the time the battle is thought to have taken place, the 'Azuma kagami' has it as ending by the hour of the Horse (around noon), while the 'Gyokuyo,' the diary of the Kampaku (Chief Advisor) Kanemitsu KUJO, records it as beginning at noon and ending by the hour of the Monkey (around 4 PM).
- しかし、妖怪研究家(作家)・村上健司の指摘によれば、そのようなデフォルメされた形と能力を持った雲外鏡の原典は特撮映画『妖怪大戦争 (1968年の映画)』に登場する古狸(ふる-だぬき)様の雲外鏡にある。
- However, Kenji MURAKAMI, a ghost researcher and a writer, points out such Ungaikyo that have a distorted figure and is exaggerated in its capability, originated from the Ungaikyo that appeared as an old-looking raccoon dog in 'Yokai Daisenso' (The Great War of Ghosts), a special effects movie made in 1968.
- 京都へ向かう天皇の行列は2名の陸軍大尉を先頭に賢所の神鏡を奉安した御羽車、昭和天皇の乗る6頭立て馬車・香淳皇后の乗る4頭立て馬車・皇族代表・内大臣(牧野伸顕)・内閣総理大臣(田中義一)の馬車と続いた。
- The parade of the Emperor heading to Kyoto consisted of two army captains at the head, following a palanquin which the divine mirror of Kashikodokoro (Imperial Sanctuary) enshrined, a coach-and-six which Emperor Showa rode, a coach-and-four which Empress Kojun rode, a coach of the Naidaijin (minister of the center) (Nobuaki MAKINO), a representative of royal family, and the Prime Minister (Giichi TANAKA).
- 『大鏡』で「賀茂神社の明神のうけ給へればかく動きなくおはしますなり」と評されたように、歴代でも類を見ない長期の斎院として尊崇を集めた選子内親王の一生は、そのまま母方である九条流摂関家との歩みであった。
- As described in 'Okagami' (The Great Mirror), 'As she was recognized by myojin (a gracious deity - god) at Kamo-jinja Shrine, she could stay firm to hold her position,' the life of Imperial Princess Senshi (Nobuko), who was respected as a long-term Saiin never seen before in past history, was pursued with the Kujo family clan eligible for regents on her mother's side.
- (『今鏡』) その後も関白らに冷遇され続けながらも、後冷泉天皇が嗣子なくして崩御したため晴れて後三条天皇が即位、禎子内親王も今や国母陽明門院として、かつての上東門院彰子にも劣らぬ影響力を持つに至った。
- ('Imakagami') (The Mirror of the Present) Although the Princess was treated coldly by the Chancellor after that, because Emperor Goreizei died without having any successor to the throne, Emperor Gosanjo was enthroned after him, the Princess Teishi became Kokumo (Empress), Yomeimonin, and then she had strong political influence which was a much stronger power than she had when she was Jotomonin Shoshi.
- 年輪年代学の成果により、画文帯神獣鏡などの記年鏡の年代も一致したことから、邪馬台国の時代にすでに遺跡の築造が始まっていたとみられ、最盛期が弥生時代終末期~古墳時代であり、邪馬台国の時代と合致すること。
- As the dendrochronological data suggests, because the dates inscribed in mirrors, such as the Gamontai Shinju-kyo Mirror (Mirror with figures of deities and sacred animals which was excavated from Makimuku ruins) correspond with the time of Yamatai, it is apparent that the construction of the original buildings had already begun in the time of Yamatai, and they were in their prime from the late Yayoi period to Tumulus period, which matches the dates of Yamatai.
- 「大王」「男弟王」などの記述がある本鏡が作成された癸未年の解釈をめぐっては、383年、443年、503年、623年などの説があるが、このうち443年(允恭天皇)、503年(武烈天皇)が有力な説とされる。
- There are theories regarding the interpretation of the year of the Yin Water Sheep, in which the mirror with descriptions of 'okimi' and 'oto no kimi' was made, such as it was the year 383, 443, 503, or 623, but among these, the strongest theory is that it was the year 443 (Emperor Ingyo) or 503 (Emperor Buretsu).
- 強盗(がんどう)若しくは龕灯(がんどう)と呼ぶ携帯型の照明器具の仕組みは不燃性の材料を用い、一般的には銅版やブリキ板等の金属板を丸めた円筒台形の筐体をもち、筐体の中にはろうそく立てと反射鏡が入っている。
- The device included in the portable lighting apparatus called 'Gando' is made up of nonflammable materials--in general, a cylindrical trapezoid chassis produced by rolling a metal plate such as copper or tin, and a candle holder and a reflecting mirror both of which are placed inside the chassis.
- 後世の編纂である『百錬抄』や『吾妻鏡』は、その後木曾義仲が北陸道から京に攻め上ったことから、北陸での戦いは木曾義仲の進路を塞ぐ為との刷り込みがあり、そのための編者の誤解であろうと上杉和彦は指摘している。
- Kazuhiko UESUGI pointed out that 'Hyakuren-sho' and 'Azuma Kagami' were compiled years later, and the compilers would have had preconceived notions that the battle at Hokuriku was fought to prevent Yoshinaka KISO invading Kyo because he fought up to Kyo through Hokurikudo.
- 孝謙天皇称徳天皇(孝謙上皇が復位)と道鏡は宇佐八幡宮に神託がくだったとして、道鏡を皇位継承者に擁立しようとしたが、藤原百川や和気清麻呂に阻まれ、770年(宝亀元年)の称徳天皇の没後に失脚した(道鏡事件)。
- The Empress Koken/Shotoku (who had previously retired but was restored) along with Dokyo, insisting that a Shintaku (oracle) of Usa Hachimangu Shrine) had been handed down, tried to appoint Dokyo as heir to the Imperial Throne but they were stopped by FUJIWARA no Momokawa and WAKE no Kiyomaro, and after the Empress Shotoku's death in 770 Dokyo fell from power.
- この中西説に対して、細井浩志は『続日本紀』が道鏡政権を批判する際には、後日に'不正の暴露'などの形で対になる事実を提示しており、神託事件についてのみ創作を加えたとは考えにくいとして、中西説を否定している。
- Against this theory by NAKANISHI, Hiroshi HOSOI denies it, by stating that when 'Shoku Nihongi' criticizes the Dokyo administration, it presents a fact that forms a pair such as 'disclosure of injustice' in later dates, and it is hard to believe that the author added fiction to the part which deals with the oracle only.
- 頼朝との対立の原因については、確かに、『吾妻鏡』元暦元年(1184年)八月十七日条には、同年8月6日_(旧暦)、兄の許可を得ることなく官位を受けたことで頼朝の怒りを買い、追討使を猶予されたと書かれている。
- The cause of the conflicts with Yoritomo is described in the article of August 17, 1184 of 'Azuma Kagami,' and according to this, he invoked the wrath of Yoritomo for having accepted the title from the Imperial court, without getting his brother's permission, and then he was excluded from the mission of pursuit on August 6 of the same year (old lunar calendar).
- 梶原景時は北条氏の策略とまでは言えないがいうまでもなく追い落とした側、和田義盛、比企能員についても、主に北条氏に滅ぼされたものであり、それらの真相を『吾妻鏡』から知ることは出来ないことも定説となっている。
- It is difficult to determine if Kagetoki KAJIWARA was made to chase him down by the Hojo clan's stratagem, and if Yoshimori WADA and Yoshikazu HIKI were defeated mainly due to the Hojo clan, but it is widely known that such truth can't be found in 'Azuma Kagami.'
- 前述の点は状況証拠の域を出ないが、大正時代初期の八代国治は、より直接的な史料批判、史料解剖として『吾妻鏡』と諸史料との突き合わせを行い、公卿の日記その他、京系の多く史料が原出典となっていることを見つける。
- Although the point mentioned above is based on indirect evidence, Kuniji YASHIRO, at the beginning of the Taisho period, collated 'Azuma Kagami' with various historical materials to analyze the source materials more closely, finding out that it was based on the diaries of court nobles and many Kyo line materials.
- しかし、既に見つかったものだけでも400枚以上になること、中国社会科学院考古学研究所長である王仲殊が「それらは漢鏡ではない」と発表したことなどから、九州説の側から「三角縁神獣鏡は全て偽作」との反論を受けた。
- However, because more than 400 mirrors have been found and Zhongshu WANG, who was director of the Institute of Archaeology under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, insisted that 'they are not Han mirrors,' this theory was refuted by researchers of the Kyushu theory, who said that 'all the triangular-rimmed mirrors are forged.'
- 現代的大衆文化に基づいて著される妖怪図鑑や画集では、雲外鏡は腹に鏡をつけた(腹が鏡になっている)化け狸のような姿の妖怪であるとか、自らの体に様々なものを映し出すことができる、などと解説されることが少なくない。
- Based on the modern mass media culture, picture books of ghosts or collections of paintings of ghosts distort the form of Ungaikyo into, for example, a ghost like raccoon dog disguised as a mirror (a raccoon dog whose body incorporates a mirror), or a ghost that can project various images on its own body.
- 『大鏡』は天智・天武の継承では大友皇子の即位に触れないが、別のところで「大友皇子はやがて帝になり、帝のまま失せた」と記す、また「この皇子は太政大臣の位で、つぎにはやがて同じ年のうちにみかどとなった」とも書く。
- 'Okagami' (the Great Mirror) did not state the enthronement of Prince Otomo in the section of the succession of Tenchi and Tenmu, but says that 'Prince Otomo became an emperor and died as an emperor,' and 'this prince held the post of Grand Minister and became the emperor in the same year.'
- 古代中国製の銅鏡には、神像と動物文を鋳出した神獣鏡が多く、その他、背面の文様によって「方格規矩鏡(ほうかくきくきょう)」「海獣葡萄鏡」「内行花文鏡(ないこうかもんきょう)」などさまざまな形式に分類されている。
- A lot of divine beasts mirrors having deities' images and animal designs can be found in the bronze mirrors made in ancient China, and other mirrors are classified into various types such as Hokakukikukyo Mirror (designs of ruler and compass), Kaiju Budo Kyo Mirror (designs of animals and grapes) and Naiko Kamonkyo Mirror (semicircle designs) according to their designs on the reverse.
- 近年の研究では、義経が平氏追討から外されたのは、後年の編纂書『吾妻鏡』が記すような無断任官による頼朝の怒りのためではなく、京都の治安維持に義経が必要であり、法皇や貴族たちの強い反対があったためと考えられている。
- According to recent studies, it is thought that Yoshitsune was dismissed from the army to search out and kill the Taira clan not because Yoritomo resented the appointment of Yoshitsune without his permission (as described in 'Azuma Kagami,' which was compiled in later years), but because Yoshitsune was needed to maintain the security of Kyoto and the Cloistered Emperor and nobles were strongly against it.
- ロシアは閔妃を通じ売り払われた鍾城・鏡源の鉱山採掘権や朝鮮北部の森林伐採権、関税権などの国家基盤を取得し朝鮮半島での影響力を増したが、ロシアの進める南下政策に危機感を持っていた日本がこれらを買い戻し回復させた。
- Japan became alarmed when Russia enhanced its grip and influence over the Korean peninsula by acquiring vital state assets such as the mining rights in Chongsong and Gyeongwon sold off by Empress Myeongsong, timber rights in the north, and tariff rights, and purchased back and restored many of these.
- また三角縁神獣鏡を、呉 (三国)の鏡または呉 (三国)の工人の作であり、呉 (三国)の地が西晋に征服された280年以降のものとする説もあるが、様式論からはかならずしも呉 (三国)の作であるといいきれるものでない。
- Also, although there is a theory that triangular-rimmed mirrors were made during the Wu dynasty (Three Kingdoms) or were made by Wu craftsmen after the Wu dynasty was conquered by the Western Jin in 280, theories of style would suggest that these works may not have any connection with the Wu dynasty (Three Kingdoms) at all.
- 『吉記』治承4年11月30日 (旧暦)(1180年12月18日)条によれば、安徳天皇が平清盛の六波羅第に滞在中の高倉上皇の元に行幸しようとした際に、記主の吉田経房が辺土への行幸に神鏡を持ち出す事に異論を唱えている。
- According to the December 25, 1180 entry in 'Kikki' (a diary of Tsunefusa YOSHIDA), the author Tsunefusa YOSHIDA objected to the taking of the divine mirror on the imperial visit to Hendo when Emperor Antoku planned to visit the Retired Emperor Takakura who was staying at the Rokuhara-tei residence of TAIRA no Kiyomori.
- 生年については『水鏡』・『一代要記』の年齢記事によれば天平宝字5年となるが、この場合母親の井上内親王が45歳の時の子となってしまい年齢が不自然であるとして、正しい生年を天平勝宝3年(751年)とする歴史学者が多い。
- As for his year of birth, 'Mizu Kagami (The Water Mirror)' and 'Ichidai Yoki' (summary chronicle of each reign) reported that he was born in 761, but in this case, Imperial Princess Inoe gave birth to him when she was 45 years old, this is questionable, so that many historians believe that the correct year of birth is 751.
- その古活字本には3種類あるが、最も有名なものが1605年(慶長10年)印行の伏見版であり、外題・版心には「東鑑」、内題には「新刊吾妻鏡」とあり、相国寺の中興の祖とされる西笑承兌(せいしょうじょうたい)の跋文がある。
- There are 3 kinds of old printed books, and the most famous one, called the Fushimi book, was printed and published in 1605, and the title on the front and center fold of paper says '東鑑' (Azuma Kagami) and the title inside the book says 'New Azuma Kagami,' containing postscript written by Seisho Jotai, who is regarded as the father of restoration of Sokoku-ji Temple.
- 神護景雲3年(769年)5月、道鏡の弟で大宰帥の弓削浄人と大宰主神の習宣阿曾麻呂(すげのあそまろ)は「道鏡を皇位に付ければ天下は太平になる」という内容の宇佐八幡宮の神託を奏上し、自ら皇位に就くことを望む(続紀没伝)。
- In June of 769, YUGE no Kiyohito, who was a younger brother of Dokyo and was Dazai no sochi (Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices) and SUGE no Asomaro, who was Dazai no Kanzukasa (Head Shinto Priest of Kyushu, stationed in Dazaifu), reported an oracle from Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine to the Empress Shotoku, stating that 'if Dokyo ascends to the Imperial Throne, the world will be in peace'; Dokyo himself wanted to ascend the Imperial Throne (Shoku Nihongi [Chronicle of Japan Continued] Botsuden).
- 前者は錠前直し、メガネ直し、割れ鍋直し、あんま、下駄の歯の修繕、鏡磨き、割れた陶器の修繕、たがの緩んだ樽の修繕、ねずみ取り、そろばんの修理、こたつやぐらの修繕、羽織の組紐の修繕、行灯と提灯の修繕、看板の文字書きなど。
- The former peddlers provided services such as repairing locks, fixing pairs of glasses, mending cracked pans, giving massage, mending clog supports, polishing mirrors, mending cracked pottery, re-tightening hoops on barrels, catching rats, fixing abacuses, repairing wooden frames of kotatsu, mending a braid of haori (a Japanese half-coat), repairing andon (a lamp with a paper shade) and chochin (Japanese paper lantern), and writing letters on nameboards.
- 『吾妻鏡』で時家の名が最後に確認できる記述は、建長2年(1250年)3月1日条、造閑院殿雑掌の事、において、二条面西洞院東二十本、の項に、一本 本庄四郎左衛門尉、とあるのが最後となる(京都に出向いていた事は分かる)。
- The statement that could see Tokiie's name for the last time in 'Azuma kagami' was on the Article of April 11, 1250, about zassho (a person in charge of miscellaneous tasks) of Zokaninden, his name was stated as 1 tree from Honjo Shiro Saemon no jo on the section of Nijomen Nishinotoin Higashi 20 (20 trees on the side of Nijo street in the east of Nishinotoin) (it could tell that he went off to Kyoto).
- 『吾妻鏡』によると、2日16日に屋島へ出陣する義経の宿所を訪れた公家の高階泰経(後白河院の使いだったとされる)が「自分は兵法に詳しくないが、大将たる者は先陣を競うものではなく、まず次将を送るべきではないか」と訊いた。
- According to the 'Azuma Kagami,' the court noble Tametoki TAKASHINA (it is said that he was an envoy dispatched by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa) visited the accommodations where Yoshitsune was staying before his departure to Yashima on February 16, and asked Yoshitsune saying, ' I don't know a lot about military strategy, but don't you think that the commander in chief should not spearhead the battle, but should rather send his assistant chief first?'
- なお、六波羅探題周辺には、征夷大将軍上洛の際の御所が設置されており、元弘の変の際に花園上皇や量仁親王ら持明院統の皇族が六波羅探題北方の内部にあった将軍滞在用の桧皮屋に仮の御所を置いている(『続史愚抄』・『増鏡』など)。
- Around rokuhara tandai, the residence used when seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') came to central Kyoto was constructed, and members of the Imperial Family from the Jimyoin line such as, Retired Emperor Hanazono and Imperial Prince Kazuhito, established their temporary residences in Hinoki-kawaya, a place for the shogun to stay, inside an area north of Rokuhara tandai during the Genko Incident ('Zokushigusho,' 'Masukagami' (a historical story), etc.)
- 即位説に反対して、谷川士清は安永3年(1774年)に『続大日本史私記』で水鏡の資料的価値に疑問をはさみ、即位のような大礼が天皇の死後すぐに行われたのは乱世でも考えにくいことで、乱が起きる前の時点ではなおさらだと論じた。
- Kotosuga TANIGAWA opposed to the enthronement theory and doubted the worth of Mizu Kagami as a historical material in 'Zoku Dainihonshi Shiki' (a commentary on Japanese history) in 1774 and asserted that it was inconceivable that a state ceremony of enthronement was held immediately after the death of the emperor even in a turbulent age, not to mention the war immediately followed the ceremony.
- 8月26日、鎌倉に義経から信兼の子息3人を宿所に呼び寄せて誅した事、信兼が出羽国国司を解官されたとの報告が届き、9月9日、信兼以下平氏家人の京都における所有地を、義経の支配とするよう頼朝から書状が出された(『吾妻鏡』)。
- A report from Yoshitsune stating that he had summoned Nobukane's three sons to his accommodation and killed them and that Nobukane had been dismissed from Dewa no kuni Kokushi (the governor of Dewa Province) reached Kamakura on October 9, and on October 22 a letter was sent out from Yoritomoto to put the land of Nobukane and the men of the Taira clan in Kyoto under Yoshitsune's control ('Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East)).
- 現在のものは二十巻からなり、「四鏡」(現在亡失)を継承して、寿永3年(1183年)の後鳥羽天皇の即位から元弘3年(1333年)後醍醐天皇が隠岐に流され、その後、京都に戻るまでの、15代150年の事跡を編年体で述べている。
- The existing text consists of 20 volumes, and succeeding the other shikyo (now lost), it annalistically covers 150 years and the reigns of 15 Emperors, from Emperor Gotoba's accession to the throne in 1183 to Emperor Godaigo's exile on Oki island, and ends with his coming back to Kyoto in 1333.
- また、西洋の文物にも関心を寄せ晩年はパンと牛乳を好み、カメラによる写真撮影・釣り・自転車・顕微鏡・手芸(刺繍)などの趣味に興じる。将軍時代には西周 (啓蒙家)からフランス語を習ったこともあったようだが、こちらは挫折した。
- He was interested in items of western culture, and in his later years he liked to eat bread and drink milk and he enjoyed his interests in photography, fishing, riding the bicycle, microscopy and craft (embroidery). During his tenure as the Shogun, he learned French from Amane NISHI but he gave up on this.
- 合議制成立の半年後の秋、『吾妻鏡』10月25日条によると、将軍御所の詰め所で結城朝光がありし日の頼朝の思い出を語り「忠臣二君に仕えずというが、あの時出家すべきだった。今の世はなにやら薄氷を踏むような思いがする」と述べた。
- According to the entry of November 22 described in a historical book entitled 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), in the autumn, six months after the establishment of the council system, Tomomitsu YUKI recalled Yoritomo's glory in the office of the shogun's palace, saying, 'I should have entered into priesthood at that point of time as the proverb says that loyal subjects do not serve two masters. I feel as if we were walking on thin ice these days.'
- それらのことから『吾妻鏡』には金沢文庫に収められたものと、太田時連が手元に所持したものの2つがあり、太田時連とともに京に行ったものが、その日記同様に室町時代に他家の所持に移り、吉川本の元となったのかもしれないと推測される。
- That is why 'Azuma Kagami' is divided into two groups of text, the one owned by the Kanazawa Library and the one Tokitsura OTA kept at hand, and it is conjectured that the latter was brought to Kyo with Tokitsura OTA, moved to the other house just like the diary written in Muromachi period, and then might have become the foundation of Yoshikawabon.
- 熊野那智での渡海の場合は、原則として補陀落山寺の住職が渡海行の主体であったが、例外として『吾妻鏡』天福元年(1233年)五月二十七日の条に、下河辺六郎行秀という元武士が補陀落山で「智定房」と号し渡海に臨んだと記されている。
- The practitioners of tokai in Kumano Nachi were mainly chief priests of Fudarakusan-ji Temple in principle, but it is recorded in an entry dated May 27, 1233 of 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) that an ex-samurai named Rokuroyukihide SHIMOKAWABE took the second name of 智定房 and tried tokai as a special case.
- 魏 (三国)の年号である「青龍3年」、呉 (三国)の年号である「赤烏元年」「赤烏7年」などの紀年鏡も見つかっており、単に邪馬台国にちなんだ偽作というのでは説明がつかないなどの疑問があり、学界では受け入れるところとなっていない。
- Because some date-inscribed mirrors such as '青龍3年' (235), which carries the name of the Wei dynasty era (Three Kingdoms Period) and '赤烏元年' (238) and '赤烏7年' (244), carrying the name of the Wu dynasty era (Three Kingdoms Period), have been found, the proposition that they were merely forged in relation to Yamatai is questionable, and hasn't been accepted in academia.
- 近畿地方から東海地方にかけて広まっていた、銅鐸による祭祀を行っていた銅鐸文明を、「魏志倭人伝」に記載された道具であり、『日本書紀』にも著される矛(剣)、鏡、勾玉の、いわゆる三種の神器を祭祀に用いる「銅矛文明」が滅ぼしたとされる説。
- There is a theory that the bronze spearhead civilization, which used the so-called Three Imperial Regalia in its rituals - a sword, a mirror and a curved jewel, described in 'Gishiwajinden' and also in 'Chronicles of Japan'- destroyed the bronze bell civilization, whose solemn rituals used bronze bells and which had spread from Kinki region to Tokai region.
- 島根県雲南市加茂町大字神原・神原神社古墳出土の「景初三年」鏡、群馬県高崎市柴崎町蟹沢・蟹沢古墳、兵庫県豊岡市森尾字市尾・森尾古墳、山口県周南市(旧新南陽市)竹島御家老屋敷古墳の三古墳から出土した同型の「正始 (魏)元年」鏡三面である。
- There are three mirrors, 'Keisho sannen' (the third year of Keisho) mirror discovered in Kanbara-jinja Shrine kofun Tumulus in oaza (an administrative unit) Kanbara, Kamo-cho, Unnan City, Shimane Prefecture, the same form of 'Seishi (Wei) gannen' (the first year of Seishi) mirrors discovered in Kanizawa-kofun Tumulus in Kanizawa, Shibasaki-machi, Takasaki City, Gunma Prefecture, Morio-kofun Tumulus in aza Ichio, Morio, Toyooka City, Hyogo Prefecture and in Gokaroyashiki-kofun Tumulus in Takeshima Island, Shunan City (the former, Shinnanyo City), Yamaguchi Prefecture.
- 鎌倉幕府北条氏による後年の編纂書である『吾妻鏡』では、景時弾劾状に北条時政・北条義時の名は見られないが、景時の一行が襲撃を受けた駿河国の守護は時政であり、景時糾弾の火を付けた女官の阿波局 (北条時政の娘)は時政の娘で、実朝の乳母であった。
- Although in 'Azuma Kagami' a historical book edited by the Hojo clan of the Kamakura bakufu in later years, the names of Tokimasa HOJO and Yoshitoki HOJO do not appear in the letter of condemnation of Kagetoki, Tokimasa was the provincial constable of Suruga Province, where Kagetoki and his clan were attacked, and Awa no tsubone, a court lady, who triggered the accusation of Kagetoki, was a daughter of Tokimasa and the wet nurse of Sanetomo.
- 実は、母・穏子が没すると身辺が寂しくなったらしく、同年に妻・雅子内親王を亡くしたばかりの師輔と正式の婚儀を経る前に懇ろになってしまったのが事実のようで、『大鏡』では弟・村上天皇の面前で藤原実頼にその節操の無さを暴露された話が紹介されている。
- The fact seemed to be that, after her mother, Onshi, died, she felt lonely, and had affairs with Morosuke whose wife, Imperial Princess Masako (or Gashi), had just died, before the official procedures for marriage took place, and 'Okagami' (the Great Mirror) introduces an episode where FUJIWARA no Saneyori revealed her unprincipled behavior in front of her younger brother, Emperor Murakami.
- 嵯峨野の清凉寺へ詣でた100歳の老尼が語る昔話を筆記した体裁をとっている(ただし、現存の本においては尼は最初の場面だけの登場になっていることから、当初は他の「四鏡」と同様に尼が登場する最後の場面が書かれた部分が存在していたとする説もある)。
- It takes the format of the author taking notes on the tales of a 100-year-old Buddhist nun on a visit to the Seiryo-ji Temple in Sagano. (However, as the nun appears only in the first scene in the existing text, there is an opinion that, as in the other shikyo, there once existed a scene at the end where the nun appeared.)
- 『吾妻鏡』1254年(建長6年)5月1日条の「人質の事(人間を質入すること)沙汰有り。・・・凡そ御制以後質人の事は、一向停止すべきの由と。此の如く申し沙汰すべきの旨、相州より問注所に仰せらると。勧湛・實綱・寂阿奉行たり」などはその例である。
- For example, according to the entry from 'Azuma Kagami' dated May 1, 1254, 'There is an announcement about taking hostages. … Taking hostages must be prohibited. This announcement has been sent from Soshu to Monchujo. 勧湛・實綱・寂阿奉行たり'
- ただし五味文彦は、それ以前の1235年頃に、「頼朝将軍記」とかの『原吾妻鏡』と呼べるような歴史書が原型として出来上がり、同じころに京都では『原平家物語』が著され、また東国では『原曽我物語』がつくられたということもあり得るのではないかとする。
- However Fumihiko GOMI considers that history books which deserve to be called 'The original Azuma Kagami,' like 'A Record of Shogun Yoritomo,' were completed in their original form around 1235, and around the same time, 'The Original Tale of the Heike,' and in the eastern provinces, 'The Original Tale of Soga' could also be said to have been written.
- この両論に疑問を表明したのは後藤守一、原田大六、森浩一、伝世鏡論に疑問や同笵鏡の分有関係の解釈について斎藤忠、系統的・理論的に批判した内藤晃、鏡の賜与だけをもって大和政権と地方首長との政治関係の成立を考察するのは困難とする西嶋定生などがいた。
- Shuichi GOTO, Dairoku HARADA and Koichi MORI raised questions regarding the two theories, Tadashi SAITO posed questions regarding Densei-kyo mirror ron and the explanation of the fact that Dohan-kyo mirrors were owned by more than one owner, Akira NAITO criticized the theories systematically and theoretically, Sadao NISHIJIMA insisted that the establishment of a political relationship between the YAMATO Administration and heads of local governments cannot be explained only in accordance of mirrors.
- 『吾妻鏡』の、建長2年(1250年・13世紀中頃)3月1日条、造閑院殿雑掌の事、において、「本庄三郎左衛門」の名で記載されているのが、文献上での家次の名の初見であり、弟である四郎左衛門尉時家の名も見られる(京都に出向いていたものと見られる)。
- Ietsugu appeared for the first time in literature under the name of 'Saburozaemon HONJO' on the May 9, 1249 (around mid 13th century) Section of 'Azuma Kagami' about Zassho (a person in charge of miscellaneous tasks) for building Kanin-dono (Kanin Palace) and the name of his younger brother, Shiro-saemonnojo Tokiie also appeared (He seems to have been visiting Kyoto).
- 道鏡を天皇に就けたがっていたと言われる称徳天皇は報告を聞いて怒り、清麻呂を因幡員外介にいったん左遷、さらに「別部穢麻呂(わけべのきたなまろ)」と改名させて大隅国へ配流し、姉の広虫も「別部広虫売(わけべのひろむしめ)」と改名させられて処罰された。
- Empress Shotoku who wanted to make Dokyo Emperor was indignant after listening to the report and demoted Kiyomaro to Inaba no Ingainoge for the time being, later made him change his name to 'WAKEBE no Kitanamaro' and exiled him to Osumi Province; his sister Hiromushi was also punished by being forced to change her name to 'WAKEBE no Hiromushime.'
- 帰国の日も近づいた或る夜、母后は、あの女性は実は自分の化身だったと言い、宇文会は阿修羅、私は第二天の天衆、あなたは天童、二人は阿修羅懲戒のため天から下されたのだ、人世に生まれたばっかりにみだりごころも起こったのだと秘密を明かし、形見に鏡を渡した。
- One night, when the day of his return was coming up, the empress dowager said that the mysterious lady was her other self and disclosed the secret that 'Ubunkai was Asura, I am tenshu (a god) of dainiten (the second god) and you are a tendo (the embodiment as a child of a ferocious god who protects the Buddhist Law) and both were sent from the svarga to punish Asura but obscene thoughts occurred because we are born into this world' and gave him a mirror as a memento.
- この他、奈良中期の政治実権を握った恵美押勝(藤原仲麻呂)、道鏡の天皇即位を阻止した和気清麻呂、平将門を討伐した藤原秀郷、平氏政権を確立した平清盛、その平氏政権を倒して鎌倉幕府を開いた源頼朝などが、その功績により功田を給与されたと記録に残されている。
- In addition to them, it is recorded that Koden was granted for the great achievements to EMI no Oshikatsu (FUJIWARA no Nakamaro) who assumed the real political power during the middle of the Nara period, WAKE no Kiyomaro who prevented Dokyo from acceding to the throne, FUJIWARA no Hidesato who defeated TAIRA no Masakado, TAIRA no Kiyomori who established the Taira clan government, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who defeated the Taira clan government and established the Kamakura bakufu, and others.
- 家督は兄の那須資之が継承したが、まもなく鎌倉幕府の有力御家人宇都宮朝綱の実子(異説もある)である那須頼資が資之の養子となり家督を継ぎ、その頼資の子が、建久4年(1193年)に源頼朝の那須巻狩の際にホスト役を務めた(『吾妻鏡』による)那須光資である。
- Soon after his older brother, Sukeyuki NASU, took over the family estate, Yorisuke NASU, a blood child (though hearsay exists) of Tomotsuna UTSUNOMIYA, who served as a key lower-ranking vassal for the Kamakura shogunate, was adopted as Sukeyuki's son in order to take over the family estate; and Yorisuke's child was Mitsusuke NASU, who had played the role of hosting Yoritomo MINAMOTO in the Nasu Makigari (hunting technique) in 1193 (according to 'Azuma Kagami' (history book)).
- 近年の中西康裕らの説では、道鏡が実際に皇位を狙ったとすれば極刑に該当する重罪であるにも関わらず称徳天皇崩御後の下野への流刑は罰としてはあまりにも軽く、浄人ら一族関係者にも死罪が出ていないことから、皇位継承を企てたという説は「後付」ではないかとされる。
- According to the opinion of Yasuhiro NAKANISHI and others in recent years, Dokyo's plot to ascend the Imperial Throne might have been 'added' by people in the later generations from the reasons that the exile to Shimotsuke was too light if Dokyo really aimed at ascending the Imperial Throne since it is a serious crime falling under the maximum penalty, and that people related to Dokyo including Kiyohito were not punished by the capital punishment.
- 日本では、Dを壱越(いちこつ)と呼び、以下断金(たんぎん)・平調(ひょうじょう)・勝絶(しょうぜつ)・下無(しもむ)・双調(そうじょう)・鳧鐘(ふしょう)・黄鐘(おうしき)・鸞鏡(らんけい)・盤渉(ばんしき)・神仙(しんせん)・上無(かみむ)と呼ぶ。
- In Japan, D is called the ichikotsu (in Japan, the first note of the ancient chromatic scale [approx. D]), and the following is called the tangin (the second note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), hyojo (the third note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), shozetsu (the fourth note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), simomu (the fifth note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), sojo (the sixth note of the ancient chromatic scale), fusho (the seventh note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), oshiki (the eighth note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), rankei (the ninth note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), banshiki (the tenth note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), shinsen (the eleventh note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), and kamimu (the twelfth note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale) in sequence.
- この介入は、執権北条時宗が後深草の立場に同情したためという説明が当時からなされている(『増鏡』)ほか、得宗と治天の交渉を仲介する立場にある関東申次西園寺実兼が亀山父子よりも後深草父子と親しかったため、後深草にとって有利な解決をはかったことも指摘されている。
- Other than the explanation for this intervention that has been given since it happened that the Regent Tokimune HOJO sympathized with Gofukakusa's situation ('Masukagami' (The Clear Mirror)), it has been pointed out that the Kanto Moshitsugi, Sanekane SAIONJI, who was in the position to mediate between Tokimune and the Chiten, was more intimate with the Gofukakusa father and son than the Kameyama father and son and could have worked for a more advantageous solution for Gofukakusa.
- 近年は、家庭内に飾ることの利便性と、後で食べる際の衛生面を考えて、鏡餅が重なった姿を型取ったプラスチックの容器に充填した餅や、同様の容器に(個別包装された)小さな餅を多数入れ、プラスチック製の橙などとセットにした商品が多く、各餅製造会社より発売されている。
- Today, for the sake of convenience in displaying at home as wel as for good hygiene, many products, such as a plastic case filled with rice cakes to resemble the double layers of kagami-mochi, or a similar case containing many small 'individually wrapped' rice cakes, offered in sets with a plastic bitter orange, are sold by rice-cake manufacturers.
- 魏の鏡であるか、それとも日本製なのかについては、どちらの説にも決定的な証拠はないが、近年定説化しつつある年代観からすれば景初三年銘、正始元年銘の三角縁神獣鏡自体は紀年にあるとおり3世紀の鏡として理解できるため、邪馬台国大和説の有力な根拠のひとつとなっている。
- Though there is no crucial evidence to determine whether the Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror was made in the Wei dynasty or in Japan, it is one of the compelling evidences of the Yamato theory of the Yamatai-Koku kingdom because the mirror inscribed with the years 239 and 240 can be considered to be mirrors from the third century as seen when counting years according to the accepted view of chronology in recent years.
- 『吾妻鏡』によると、鎌倉幕府でも天文道に通じた陰陽師を京都から鎌倉へ招いて征夷大将軍に対して天文密奏を行わせたとされている(こうした場合、朝廷に対する密奏が不可能となるため、密奏宣旨は天文博士などへ昇進するための資格を得る以上の意味はなかったと考えられている)。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East; a chronicle of the early history of the Kamakura Bakufu), the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) also invited Onmyoji who was well versed in tenmondo from Kyoto to Kamakura to constitute him the mission as the medium of tenmon misso to seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') (Since the misso could not have been available for the emperor in that situation, it was considered that the imperial decree of the misso meant no more than qualifying a person as tenmon hakase or the like.)
- 天皇の譲位については古くは仏道専心説が有力であったが、近年では藤原氏からの政治的自由を確保するためとする説、一旦臣下から皇族に復帰して即位したためにこれに不満を抱く他の皇族の皇位要求の動きに先んじた説などがある(後述の『大鏡』の陽成上皇の発言はその暗示ともされる)。
- In the old days it was believed that Emperor Uda came to power due to his strict Buddhist belief; however, one recent theory says the reason was that dominant political control had been taken away from the Fujiwara clan, or that it was done to stop the complaints from the royal families after Emperor Uda came into power by coming back to the Imperial Family, although he had become an allegiant (as indicated by the retired Emperor Yozei in his remark in 'Okagami (The Great Mirror),' which is described below).
- だが、この路線確立に大きな影響力を与えてきた藤原仲麻呂が失脚して、仏教僧でありながら積極的に祈祷を行うなどの前代の巫的要素を併せ持った道鏡が政権の中枢に立ったことによって、宇佐八幡宮側が失地回復を目指して道鏡側に対して接触を試みた延長線上に同事件を位置づけられるという。
- However, the view points out that the Oracle Incident can be seen as an extension of the attempt by the Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine to regain power by approaching Dokyo side, from the fact that FUJIWARA no Nakamaro who had given a significant influence in establishing this course of event fell from power, and instead, Dokyo who was a Buddhist priest but at the same time had a characteristic of a spiritual medium such as actively conducting prayers, took over the center of the politics.
- 千葉介、上総介一族が、頼朝に加担したのは、『吾妻鏡』にいうような、両氏が累代の源氏の郎等であったからではなく、平家と結んだ下総の藤原氏、そして常陸の佐竹氏の侵攻に対して、頼朝を担ぐことによってそれを押し返し、奪い取られた自領を復活する為の起死回生の掛けであったといわれる。
- It is said that the reason why the families of Chiba no suke and Kazusa no suke joined Yoritomo was not because they were followers of the generations of the Genji family as stated in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East); rather, they supported Yoritomo to fight back against the attacks by the Fujiwara clan of Shimosa, who was aligned with the Taira family, and the Satake clan of Hitachi in an attempt to recover their lost territories, which was a revival gamble.
- 八代の編年などの推定などいくつかの点は、確かに五味文彦らによって修整はされるが、八代国治が『吾妻鏡』の編纂者達を政所と問注所の吏員である大江広元の子孫(毛利、長井)、二階堂行政の子孫、三善康信の子孫達(大田、町野)ではないかとした点を、五味文彦は更に詳細に証明していった。
- Although some points like Yashiro's conjectures about chronology will certainly be revised by Fumihiko GOMI, he examined and illustrated in greater detail the compilers of 'Azuma Kagami,' who were, according to Kuniji YASHIRO, descendants (Mori and Nagai) of Hiromoto OE, an official of Mandokoro and Monchujo, a descendant of Yukimasa NIKAIDO, descendants (Ota and Machino) of Yasunobu MIYOSHI.
- 千葉介、上総介一族が、頼朝に加担したのは、『吾妻鏡』が美化して伝えるような、両氏が代々源氏の家人であったからではなく、平家と結んだ下総国の藤原氏、そして常陸国の佐竹氏の侵攻に対して、頼朝を担ぐことによってそれを押し返し、奪い取られた自領を復活する為の起死回生の掛けであった。
- The reason why Chiba and Kazusa no Suke clans supported Yoritomo was not only because they both were the servants of Minamoto clan as beautified by 'Azuma Kagami,' but to repel the invasion of the Fujiwara clan of Shimousa Province and the Satake clan of Hitachi Province by supporting Yoritomo and to recover their stolen estate as a gamble to turn things around from facing a complete defeat.
- 千葉常胤の一族、そして上総介広常が頼朝に加担したのは、『吾妻鏡』にいうような、両氏が累代の源氏の郎等であったからではなく、平家と結んだ下総の藤原氏、そして常陸の佐竹氏の圧迫に対して、頼朝を担ぐことによってそれを押し返し、奪い取られた自領を復活する為の起死回生の掛けであった。
- Tsunetane CHIBA's family and Hirokazu KAZUSANOSUKE supported Yoritomo not because both of them were followers of the Minamoto clan as 'Azuma Kagami' says, but because they wanted to resist the oppression by the Fujiwara clan of Shimousa and the Satake clan of Hitachi which were related to the Taira family by making Yoritomo their leader, and it was their last-ditch plan to retrieve their own domains which had been deprived.
- このほかに大嘗会の風俗歌が催馬楽としてふえ、律歌に「千年経(ちとせふる)」、「浅也(あさや)」の2曲、呂歌に「万木(よろづき)」、「鏡山」、「高島」、「長沢」の4曲がくわわり(「簾中抄」)、男蹈歌のさいにうたわれる「絹鴨曲」(「何曽毛曽(なにぞもそ)」とも)も呂歌にくわわる。
- Other than the above, songs of manners in Daijoe were added to Saibara; two songs 'Chitosefuru' and 'Asaya' belong to Ritsu no Uta (songs in Ritsu gagaku scale) and four songs 'Yorozuki,' 'Kagamiyama,' 'Takashima,' and 'Nagasawa' belong to Ryo no Uta (according to 'Renchusho'), as well as '絹鴨曲' (also called 'Nanizomoso') which is sung in Otoko Toka.
- しかし、『今鏡』では「幼くより類なく見とり奉らせ給ひて、ただ四の宮をとか思ほせりけるにや侍りけむ(幼い頃よりこの上なく素晴らしい方と思って、后にするならどうしても四の宮(篤子内親王)をとお思いになられたようだ)」とあり、堀河天皇自身がこれを強く望んでの入内であったとしている。
- However, 'Imakagami' (The Mirror of the Present) describes 'Having thought she was a wonderful woman since childhood, he seemed to want the fourth imperial princess (Imperial Princess Tokushi) as his empress by all means,' purporting that her entry into court was strongly desired by Emperor Horikawa.
- 事件後の神護景雲3年10月の詔勅によって称徳天皇自身が改めて皇位継承者を自らが決める意思を強調していること(坂本太郎 (歴史学者)以来、これを道鏡への譲位断念と解釈されるが、細井は皇族の軽挙を戒めているが、天皇が意中の人物(道鏡を含めて)を求める旨を強調したに過ぎないとする)。
- That the Empress Shotoku emphasized her intention again to appoint the successor to the Imperial Throne herself in an imperial rescript issued in November 769, which was after the incident; (Since the time of Taro SAKAMOTO [historian], this has been interpreted as the renunciation to let Dokyo ascend the throne; Hosoi thinks that it was no more than that the empress only emphasized her intention to enthrone a person in her mind [including Dokyo] while cautioning Imperial family members and court nobles not to act rashly.)
- また、それが政所などの役所に保管されていたものもあれば、その文を書いた事務官僚の下書きが、あるいは得宗家の寄合での決定が政所執事や問注所の執事などに伝えられたその文書が、その政所や問注所の執事の家に伝えられて、『吾妻鏡』の編纂時に収録、あるいは原史料として利用されたと思われる。
- Some were preserved in the office like Mandokoro and used as source materials for 'Azuma Kagami,' while some drafts, made by government officials or documents to inform under secretary of Mandokoro and Monchujo of the decisions made at the meeting held by Tokuso family, were handed down in the families of under secretary of Mandokoro and Monchujo, and then used for 'Azuma Kagami.'
- 邪馬台国の女王、卑弥呼は魏に遣使していたとされ、中国の歴史書『三国志 (歴史書)』「魏志倭人伝」には239年(景初3年)魏 (三国)の皇帝が卑弥呼に銅鏡百枚を下賜したとする記述があることから、三角縁神獣鏡がその鏡であり、魏、または朝鮮半島の楽浪郡・帯方郡の製作であるとする説がある。
- Based on the story that the princess of Yamatai-Koku kingdom, Himiko was considered to be dispatched to the Wei dynasty and according to a description in the Chinese history book 'Sangokushi' (Three Kingdom Saga - history book) 'Gishiwajinden' (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in 'The History of the Wei Dynasty') that in 239 the Emperor of the Wei dynasty (Three Kingdoms) gave a hundred bronze mirrors as an imperial grant to Himiko, there is the theory that Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror was the said mirror and it was produced in the Wei dynasty or Rakuro County or Taiho County (ancient counties that existed in the northern Korean Peninsula) in the Korean Peninsula.
- 鏡山は、政庁域を方四町、観世音寺域を方三町と推定した場合、両者の南辺を東西線上に一致させることができること、かつその場合の政庁東辺と観世音寺西辺の間が二町となることをもって、一町を単位とする造成企画の存在を想定し、その適用範囲を広げると周囲の道路や畦畔に合致するものが多いことを指摘。
- Assuming the government district was 方四町 and the Kanzeon-ji Temple district was 方三町, Kagamiyama pointed out that the southern border of them could be aligned on an east-west axis, and also he found that the distance between the eastern border of the government district and the western border of the Kanzeon-ji Temple district was equal to two Cho (approx. 218 meters), then he made a hypothesis that a city development plan based on the Cho unit existed and that many peripheral streets and causeways would match with the idea when he expanded the coverage of the plan.
- 聖武天皇の出家(神⇒仏)、孝謙太上天皇の再即位(仏⇒神)など神仏混交が進み天皇の地位が変質するなか、孝謙天皇(称徳天皇)の看病禅師として宮中に入り、寵愛されるようになっていた道鏡は、天皇に準ずる法王に即位し、家政機関も設置されるなど事実上の女帝との共同統治者となり仏教事業や神祇を司った。
- While Shinto and Buddhist deities progressed to commingle and the position of the Emperor was transformed, with the entry of Emperor Shomu into priesthood (God to Buddha) and the re-enthronement of the Retired Empress Koken (Buddha to God), Dokyo, who entered the imperial court as a nursing-dhyana-priest for Empress Koken (Empress Shotoku) and had been favored by her, was enthroned as the Priest Emperor, acting correspondingly with the Emperor, and he became the de-facto co-governor with the Empress, in charge of the management Buddhism business and religious ceremonies for gods of heaven and earth.
- (『水鏡』では、光仁天皇が皇后と賭け事で「自分が勝ったら后に絶世の美女を紹介してもらおう。自分が負けたら后に若く逞しい男性を与えよう」と言い、結果皇后の勝ちであったために息子の山部親王(後の桓武天皇)を差し出したところ、皇后が若い親王に夢中になってしまったのが事件の原因であるという話が見える)
- ('Mizu Kagami' [The Water Mirror] contains a story that Emperor Konin told the empress, 'if I win, you give me a lady of great beauty. If I loose, I give you a young and strong man,' and the empress won, so his son Imperial Prince Yamanobe (later Emperor Kanmu) was introduced to her, and she got so attracted to the young prince, causing the incident.
- そうした時代に、『吾妻鏡』が編纂され、北条貞時政権の担い手(寄合衆)達、特に文筆の家の者が中心になって、自分達の寄って立つ鎌倉幕府、北条得宗家体制の成立、その中で源氏三代、そして北条泰時、北条時頼の時代を回顧され、そしてそれぞれの「家」の成立・形成を示しながら鎌倉幕府の歴史が振り返られていく。
- 'Azuma Kagami' was compiled in such times, looking back on the history of the Kamakura bakufu, on which the pillar (Yoriaishu) of the Sadatoki HOJO administration, especially the writers' family members depended, and also looking back on the establishment of the Hojo Tokuso family administration, especially the reign of Minamoto clan which lasted over three generations, those of Yasutoki and Tokiyori HOJO, and on the appearance and formation of the 'Family' system.
- 内容は「行家義経に同意して天下を乱さんとする凶臣」である平親宗・高階泰経ら12名の解官、議奏公卿10名による朝政の運営(九条兼実・徳大寺実定・三条実房・藤原宗家・中山忠親・藤原実家・源通親・吉田経房・藤原雅長・藤原兼光)、兼実への内覧宣下だった(『吾妻鏡』12月6日条、『玉葉』12月27日条)。
- The demand consisted of the removal of 12 'evil subjects trying to disturb the world in agreement with Yukiie and Yoshitsune' such as TAIRA no Chikamune and TAKASHINA no Yasutsune, governmental management by the Imperial Court by 10 giso kugyo (Noble Council) (Kanezane KUJO, Sanesada TOKUDAIJI, Sanefusa SANJO, FUJIWARA no Muneie, Tadachika NAKAYAMA, FUJIWARA no Saneie, MINAMOTO no Michichika, Tsunefusa YOSHIDA, FUJIWARA no Masanaga, and FUJIWARA no Kanemitsu), and the Imperial edict of inspection to Kanezane (the item of December six of 'Azuma Kagami' [The Mirror of the East], the item of December 27 of 'Gyokuyo' [Diary of Kanezane KUJO]).
- 壇ノ浦の合戦後に届いた義経の専横を批判する梶原景時の書状を受けて、『吾妻鏡』は「自専ノ慮ヲサシハサミ、カツテ御旨ヲ守ラズ、ヒトヘニ雅意ニマカセ、自由ノ張行ヲイタスノ間、人々恨ミヲナスコト、景時ニ限ラズ(義経はその独断専行によって景時に限らず、人々(関東武士達)の恨みを買っている)」と書いている。
- Commenting on the criticism of Yoshitsune's dogmatic behavior that was written by Kagetoki KAJIWARA after the Battle of Dannoura, 'Azuma Kagami' wrote, 'Yoshitsune is incurring the hatred of not only Kagetoki, but also of those (warriors of the Kanto region) for his dogmatic and dictatorial behavior.'
- 更に『吾妻鏡』建久2年正月15日条に書かれた職制においても、政所と侍所については行を改めて別当以下を記載しているのに対して、問注所については政所の項目の最後に「問注所執事」と1行で記されていることから、初期の問注所は政所に属する1機関であり、後に政所から分離して独立した機関となったとする説もある(佐々木文昭説)。
- Furthermore, in the entry about the titles of office written on January 15, 1191 in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), while the betto (the assistant chief officer) and other officers of Mandokoro and Samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers) were each inserted at the start of a new paragraph, the 'head of Monchu-dokoro' is described in the last line of the paragraph concerning Mandokoro, which may explain, according to Fumiaki SASAKI, that the Monchu-dokoro in the beginning might have been a body belonging to the Mandokoro but later become a separate and independent body.
- 隅田八幡神社旧蔵の国宝「隅田八幡神社人物画像鏡」の銘文に『癸未年八月日十大王年男弟王在意柴沙加宮時斯麻念長寿遣開中費直穢人今州利二人等取白上同二百旱作此竟』「癸未の年八月十日、男弟王が意柴沙加の宮にいます時、斯麻が長寿を念じて河内直、穢人今州利の二人らを遣わして白上銅二百旱を取ってこの鏡を作る」(判読・解釈には諸説あり)とある。
- The inscription on 'Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror', a national treasure, once possessed by Sudahachiman-jinja Shrine says '癸未年八月日十大王年男弟王在意柴沙加宮時斯麻念長寿遣開中費直穢人今州利二人等取白上同二百旱作此竟' 'On August 10, year of Yin Water Sheep, when Otonokimi lived in Oshisaka no Miya Palace, Shima sent KAWACHI no Atai and AYAHITO Imasuri to make a mirror with 200 kan of high-quality copper to pray for his health.' (There are various theories as to the decipher and interpretation).
- 頼朝の議奏に対する期待は大きく、翌文治2年(1186年)4月30日付の議奏公卿に宛てた書状には「天下の政道は群卿の議奏によって澄清せらるべきの由、殊に計ひ言上せしむるところなり」「たとひ勅宣・院宣を下さるる事候といへども、朝のため世のため、違乱の端に及ぶべきの事は、再三覆奏せしめたまふべく候なり」と記されている(『吾妻鏡』同日条)。
- Yoritomo's expectation on the giso was so high that he wrote in a letter to Giso kugyo dated on April 30, 1186 that 'I especially state that politics of the whole country should be clarified with giso by kugyo', 'even if an imperial order is issued, it should be opposed again and again for the Imperial Court and the world in case of causing disturbances' (the same item of 'Azuma Kagami').
- 鏡面のような心(心即理)の状態に無いのに、致良知に基づいて、自分の心の叫びを行動(知行合一)に移してしまうと、革命志向になりやすいという説もある(後述の山田方谷も、陽明学について誤った理解をすると重大な間違いを犯す危険があると考えて、朱子学を十分に理解して朱子学と陽明学を相対化して理解が出来る門人にのみにしか陽明学を教授しなかったと言われている)。
- Some people say that if a person puts his clamor to his action (to realize Chigyo goitsu) based on chiryochi when he has not attained the state of mind that reflects ri (Shinsokuri), the person is apt to aspire to start a revolution (Hokoku YAMADA, described later, also believed that wrong understanding of Yomeigaku might cause serious mistakes, so that he taught Yomeigaku only to the disciples who understood Shushigaku well enough to understand Yomeigaku in comparison to Shushigaku.)
- さらに、三種の神器(八尺瓊勾玉、八咫鏡、天叢雲剣)と常世のオモイカネ、タヂカラオ、アメノイワトワケを副え、「この鏡を私(アマテラス)の御魂と思って、私を拝むように敬い祀りなさい。オモイカネは、祭祀を取り扱い神宮の政務を行いなさい」(「邇邇藝命者 此鏡者同我御魂 欲祭此者 當如拜吾前 尊崇而祭之 次 思金神者 取持前事 輔其為政」『古事記』)と言った。
- Furthermore, he was given the Three Sacred Items (Yasakani no magatama [comma-shaped jewel], Yata no Kagami [the eight-span mirror], Ame no Murakumo no Tsurugi [the sword Ame no Murakumo, literally 'Heavenly Sword of Assembled Clouds']) and Omoikane, Tajikarao and Amenoiwatowake from the eternal world to accompany him, and Amaterasu said, 'Think of this mirror as my spirit, enshrine it and worship me. Omoikane, you should be in charge of rituals and take care of the administration of the shrine' (the 'Kojiki').
- 容易に李氏朝鮮の首都である漢城が陥落すると、日本の諸将は5月に漢城にて軍議を開き、各方面軍による八道国割と呼ばれる制圧目標を決めた(平安道から一番隊小西行長他、咸鏡道から二番隊加藤清正他、黄海道から三番隊黒田長政他、江原道から四番隊毛利吉成他、忠清道から五番隊福島正則他、全羅道から六番隊小早川隆景他、慶尚道から七番隊毛利輝元他、京畿道から八番隊宇喜多秀家他)。
- After Hancheong, which had been the capital of Yi Dynasty Korea, fell easily, Japanese commanders held a war council in June in Hancheong and determined targets of subjugation called Hachidokuniwari (literally, dividing the country into eight routes) by each corps (the First Division of Yukinaga KONISHI and others from Pyeongan Province, the Second Division of Kiyomasa KATO and others from Hangyong Province, the Third Division of Nagamasa KURODA and others from Hwanghae Province, the Forth Division of Yoshinari MORI and others from Gangwon Province; the Fifth Division of Masanori FUKUSHIMA and others from Chungcheong Province; the Sixth Division by Takakage KOBAYAKAWA and others from Jeolla Province, the Seventh Division by Terumoto MORI and others from Gyeongsang Province, and the Eighth Division of Hideie UKITA and others from Gyeonggi Province).
- 五十二年秋九月丁卯朔丙子 久氐等從千熊長彥詣之 則獻七枝刀一口 七子鏡一面及種種重寶 仍啟曰 臣國以西有水 源出自谷那鐵山 其邈七日行之不及 當飲是水 便取是山鐵以永奉聖朝 乃謂孫枕流王曰 今我所通東海貴國 是天所啟 是以垂天恩 割海西而賜我 由是國基永固 汝當善脩和好 聚斂土物 奉貢不絕 雖死何恨 自是後 每年相續朝貢焉(『日本書紀』神功皇后摂政五十二年九月の条)
- In September 252, the king of Paekche, met Nagahiko CHIKUMA, an envoy from Japan, and gave him one seven-pronged sword, one nanatsuko no kagami (a mirror with seven small decoration mirrors), and various other treasures, hoping to form a friendship ('Nihonshoki,' from the article dated September 252 during the reign of Empress Jingu).
- この事件については歴史書『続日本紀』に詳細が書かれ、道鏡の政治的陰謀を阻止した和気清麻呂が「忠臣の鑑」として戦前の歴史教育においてしばしば取り上げられてきたが、既に江戸時代に本居宣長によって一連の神話的な事件の流れに懐疑的な説が唱えられ、近年には『続日本紀』の記事には光仁天皇の即位を正当化するための作為が含まれている(神託には皇位継承については触れられていない)とする説も存在する。
- The details of this incident are described in the history book 'Shoku Nihongi'; WAKE no Kiyomaro, who prevented a political conspiracy of Dokyo, was often taken up in history education in Japan before the Word War Ⅱas 'a model of royal subject'; however, during the Edo period Norinaga MOTOORI had already expressed his doubts on the credibility of the series of mythical incidents, and in recent years there exist views which advocate that the articles in 'Shoku Nihongi' include artifacts to justify the enthronement of Emperor Konin (the oracle does not touch on the succession to the Imperial Throne).
- 「なみだの操」「夫婦鏡」「女のみち」「女のねがい」「おやじの海」「よこはま・たそがれ」「傷だらけの人生」「くちなしの花」「ふるさと (五木ひろし)」「喝采 (ちあきなおみ)」「せんせい」「心のこり」「与作」「舟唄」「昔の名前で出ています」「北の宿から」「津軽海峡・冬景色」「おもいで酒」「北国の春」「夢追い酒」など多くのヒット曲が生まれ、フォーク、ニューミュージック、アイドル歌謡などと競い合いながら安定した発展を見せていた。
- With many hits, including 'Namida no Misao' (Tearful Fidelity), 'Meoto Kagami' (Couple Mirrors), 'Onna no Michi' (Woman's Way), 'Onna no Negai' (Woman's Wish), 'Oyaji no Umi' (Father's Ocean), 'Yokohama Tasogare' (Yokohama Twilight Time), 'Kizudarake no Jinsei' (Life with Bruises), 'Kuchinashi no Hana' (Flower of Gardenia), 'Furusato (Hiroshi ITSUKI)' (Hometown), 'Kassai (Naomi CHIAKI)' (Applause), 'Sensei' (Teacher), 'Kokoro Nokori' (Regret), 'Yosaku' (Yosaku [a popular Japanese name for woodcutters]), 'Funauta' (Sailor's Song), 'Mukashi no Namae de Deteimasu' (Coming out in the Name of Old Days), 'Kita no Yado kara' (From an Inn in the North Country), 'Tsugaru Kaikyo Fuyu-geshiki' (Winterscape of the Tsugaru Straits), 'Omoide Zake' (Sake of Memories), 'Kitaguni no Haru' (Spring in the North Country), and 'Yume Oi Zake' (Dream-chasing Sake), enka music developed steadily, competing with folk, new music, and idol songs.
- その説によれば、最初の神託は皇位継承以外の出来事に纏わる(恐らくはこの年に行われた由義宮(道鏡の故郷である河内国弓削)遷都に関する)ものであって、これに乗じた藤原氏(恐らくは藤原永手とその弟の藤原楓麻呂か)が和気清麻呂を利用して白壁王あるいはその子である他戸親王(称徳天皇の父・聖武天皇の外孫の中で唯一皇位継承権を持つ)の立太子するようにという神託を仕立て上げようとしたことが発覚したために清麻呂が流刑にされたとする可能性も指摘されている。
- According to this view, the first oracle was about an event not related to the succession to the Imperial Throne (perhaps it was related to the capital relocation to Yugenomiya Detached Palace [Yuge, in Kawachi Province, hometown of Dokyo] done in the same year), and WAKE no Kiyomaro was exiled because the plan by the Fujiwara clan (probably FUJIWARA no Nagate and his younger brother FUJIWARA no Kaedemaro) to make up an oracle using Kiyomaro was uncovered; according to this plan, the oracle says Prince Shirakabe or his son Imperial Prince Osabe should become Crown Prince (among the grandchildren of Emperor Shomu, Emperor Shotoku's father, born to his daughters married into another family, Imperial Prince Osabe was the only grandchild who had the right to ascend the Imperial Throne).
- おそめ ひさまつ うきなの よみうり)』『心謎解色絲(こころのなぞ とけた いろいと)』『謎帶一寸徳兵衛(なぞのおび ちょっと とくべえ)』、『容賀扇曾我(なぞらえて ふじがね そが)』『八重霞曾我組絲(やえがすみ そがの くみいと)』『隅田川花御所染(すみだがわ はなの ごしょぞめ)』『時桔梗出世請狀(ときも ききょう しゅっせの うけじょう)』『櫻姫東文章(さくらひめ あずま ぶんしょう)』『浮世柄比翼稻妻(うきよづか ひよくの いなづま)』『阿國御前化粧鏡(おくにごぜん けしょうの すがたみ)』『彩入御伽草(いろえ いり おとぎぞうし)』『獨道中五十三次(ひとりたび ごじゅうさんつぎ)』などがある。
- 'Kokorono Nazo Toketa Iroiroto' 'Nazo no Obi Chotto Tokubei' 'Nazoraete Fujigane Soga' 'Yaegasumi Soga no Kumiito' 'Sumidagawa Hana no Goshozome' 'Tokimo Kikyo Shusse no Ukejo' 'Sakurahime Azuma Bunsho' 'Ukiyozuka Hiyoku no Inazuma' 'Okunigozen Kesho no Sugatami' 'Iroeiri Otogizoushi' 'Hitoritabi Gojusantugi', and so forth
- 飛ぶ鳥の 明日香の河の 上つ瀬に 石橋渡し 下つ瀬に 打橋渡す 石橋に 生ひ靡ける 玉藻もぞ 絶ゆれば生ふる 打橋に 生ひをれる 川藻もぞ 枯るれば生ゆる 何しかも わが王の 立たせば 玉藻のもころ 臥せば 川藻のごとく 靡かひし 宜しき君の 朝宮を 忘れたまふや 夕宮を 背きたまふや うつそみと 念ひし時 春べは 花折りかざし 秋立てば 黄葉かざし しきたへの 袖たづさはり 鏡なす 見れども飽かず 三五月の いやめづらしみ 念ほしし 君と時時 幸して 遊びたまひし 御食向ふ きのえの宮を 常宮と 定めたまひて あぢさはふ 目言も絶えぬ しかれかも あやにかなしみ ぬえ鳥の 片恋嬬 朝鳥の 往来はす君が 夏草の 念ひ萎えて 夕星の か往きかく去き 大船の たゆたふ見れば なぐさむる 情もあらず そこゆゑに せむすべ知れや 音のみも 名もみも絶えず 天地の いや遠長く 偲び行かむ み名に懸かせる 明日香河 万世までに はしきやし わが王の 形見かここを 巻2-196
- Birds are on the wing, Over the Asuka River, Whose upper rapids Were spanned with a stone bridge, Whose lower rapids Were spanned with a wooden bridge; Towards the stone bridge, Fine and green water-weeds grow, And then withering, Soon prosper exuberantly; Toward the wooden bridge River-weeds grow up waving, And then withering, Soon prosper exuberantly; Like those water-weeds As soon as the Prince arose, The Princess rose, too, Waving like the water-weeds; When the Prince lay, The Princess after him lay, Toward him waving; Why could she forget the Prince By whose side she stood, In the Palace where he passed His mornings and evenings? Why did she leave it vacant? When she was alive, when she was well and happy, In the springtide She decked her hair with flowers, And in the autumn Adorned it with yellow leaves; She intermingled Her sleeves with the Prince's sleeves, And she watched the moon Full and clear as a mirror With admiration, With love and deep affection, Standing by his side; On another occasion She went out with him To the Palace of Kinoe, Where delicacies Were graciously offered to them; This part of Kinoe As her everlasting place, The Princess departed; And we can't see nor speak with her; Be that as it may (or Yet, nevertheless,) Swollen with the deep sorrow, Like the fairy bird, Longing for the departed, Line the morning bird, The Prince did come and go, Like the summer grass Pining and withering away, Like the evening star Going and sinking in grief; Like a swaying ship, The Prince's heart kept wavering; As this I know not How to comfort his sorrow; So I know no way And simply wish to retain The tone of her voice, Only to remember her name For ever and ever, As long as heaven and earth, Her beloved name Committing to memory, And love on her name By the Asuka River For generations As the precious memento Of the dear, deceased Princess (Manyoshu, Volume 2 -196).