都心: 69 Terms and Phrases

• 都心
• city centre (center) (esp. capital city)
• urban centre
• heart of city a metropolis
• Satomi

• 副都心
• subcenter (of a large city) (subcentre)
• urban subcenter
• newly developed city center

• 都心の荒廃
• Urban decay

• 臨海副都心線
• Rinkaifukutoshinsen

• 高速都心環状線
• Kousokutoshinkanjousen

• さいたま新都心駅
• Saitamashintoshin Station (st)
• Saitama-Shintoshin Station

• 東京地下鉄副都心線
• Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line

• 東京メトロ副都心線
• Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line

• 首都高速都心環状線
• Inner Circular Route (Shuto Expressway)

• 活性化された都心付近
• a revitalized inner-city neighborhood

• 都心部の嘆かわしい住宅事情
• deplorable housing conditions in the inner city

• 彼はその商売を都心に集中した。
• He centered his business on the metropolitan area.

• これらのグループは都心部に集中する
• These groups concentrate in the inner cities

• 都心のオフィス街を想定した地中線系統
• Model II 77kV Metropolitan system model

• 駅周辺は京都市の副都心となりつつある。
• Its neighborhood has become a secondary center of the city.

• 同寺の御位牌には「興福院殿南天皇都心位尊儀」とある。
• The tablet with his posthumous name on it, which is stored in the same temple reads: 'In honor of Emperor Nan of the Kofuku Palace'.

• 都心では高層ビルが雨後のたけのこのように増えている。
• High rises are mushrooming in the heart of the city.

• 人が選ぶあるいは与えられる代替名（特に都心近郊域で）
• an alternative name that a person chooses or is given (especially in inner city neighborhoods)

• その後は、都心回帰の傾向から通勤圏の拡大は弱まっている。
• Afterward, the expansion of the commutable area weakened due to the tendency of people to return to the city centers.

• 洛南新都心（らくなんしんとしん）とも呼ばれる場合もある。
• It is sometimes called 'Rakunan shintoshin' (literally, new city center in the south of Kyoto).

• また都心部の食堂が少ない地域に、弁当を売りにくる業者も急増した。
• Then number of vendors who came to sell lunches to the inner city, with few dining halls, increased rapidly.

• この宮型造り銭湯の都心での発祥は東京墨田区東向島の「カブキ湯」に始まる。
• The birthplace of this shrine-shaped sento in the center of Tokyo was 'Kabuki-yu' (Kabuki public bathhouse) in Higashi-Mukojima, Sumida Ward.

• 大阪都心部に直通する鉄道路線を持つ隣の橋本市、大淀町に比べて交通の便が悪い。
• It is less convenient for transportation compared with neighboring Hashimoto City, Oyodo Town which have railroads bound directly for the heart of Osaka.

• 大都市圏にある大手私鉄・準大手私鉄は主に都心と郊外を結ぶ路線網を構築している。
• Major and second-tier private railway companies located in metropolitan areas mainly establish railway networks connecting the city center and the suburbs.

• 実際に東京都心のサクラ（標本木は靖国神社にある）が3月20日に全国で最初に開花した。
• Cherry blossoms in the center city of Tokyo (with sample trees being located on the grounds of the Yasukuni-jinja Shrine) actually came into bloom on March 20 being the earliest in the country for the year.

• ただし、陸上交通の主役が鉄道となり、都心部を除き、道路の大がかりな整備は行われなかった。
• Large scale maintenance was not conducted on roads except for those running through central Tokyo, however, since the leading mode of land transport had shifted to the railroad.

• ラップに関連している都市部の若者の文化と都心のアフリカ系アメリカ人の居住者のファッション
• an urban youth culture associated with rap music and the fashions of African-American residents of the inner city

• 洋行帰りの実業家らが洋食のレストランをひらき、都心で成功をおさめるようになったのもこの頃である。
• It was also around this time that people like businessmen who came back from trips to Western countries opened Western style restaurants successfully in the midtown area.

• 観光シーズンには、都心部での渋滞や混雑を回避する為に、この駅発着の路線バスを利用する乗客も目立つ。
• In the tourist seasons, significant numbers of people use buses arriving at and departing from this terminal in order to avoid the congestion in central Kyoto.

• 現在、一部は長町副都心「あすと長町」の範囲に含まれ、土地区画整理事業及びそれに伴う発掘が行われている。
• Now part of the zone is included in the area of 'Asuto-nagamachi,' the Nagamachi subcenter, and a land readjustment project and excavation accompanied by the project have been going on.

• 話し合いの結果、近鉄と京阪は荒本駅までを、都心部は大阪市がそれぞれ建設して相互直通運転することとなった。
• Through negotiations among the parties concerned, it was decided that Kintetsu and Keihan should construct a line up to Aramoto Station and Osaka City a line in the urban area, on the condition that through-service would be provided between the two lines.

• - 近年では店舗を持つものも多く見られるが、現在でも都心部では台一つで露天で商いする占い師の姿が見られる。
• Many have bought their own shops in recent years, but even today, there are fortune-tellers in the centers of cities doing business in the open air with only a counter.

• 1985年より行われている東京都衛生局の予測等をもとに、東京都心と多摩地域向けに毎日の飛散予報を出すようになった。
• The service came to provide daily airborne pollen level forecasts for central Tokyo and the Tama area based on forecasts that have been made by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Bureau of Public Health since 1985.

• 東京側の発着地が都心にある新幹線と異なり、東武は浅草・北千住という東側に偏った位置（下町）にあることなどが主因とされる。
• It is said that this is because, although the Tokyo-side departure station on the Shinkansen line is located in the city center, those of Tobu are located on the eastern part of the city (the so-called shitamachi area), such as Asakusa and Kita-Senju.

• 東京の町並が東京市、東京都へと変遷しつつ拡大してゆく過程で、かつての江戸は都心となり、その中核としての役割を果たしている。
• As the townscape of Tokyo expanded and transformed from a city to a metropolis, the area formerly known as Edo became downtown Tokyo, and serves as its center.

• その事により掃除や点検をする専門職として主に町鳶から分業したが、現在、銭湯自体が激減し都心部でも数人しかいないといわれている。
• Accordingly, chimney cleaners became independent mainly from machitobi as a specialist who cleans and inspects chimneys; however, it is now said that there are only a few remaining even in the metropolitan area because the number of public bath houses decreased drastically.

• 一部では関西文化学術研究都市などの日本のニュータウンが開発され、京都市都心や大阪市都心へのベッドタウンとして人口が急増している。
• New towns in Japan, such as Kansai Science City, have been developed in parts of the area, where people live and commute to the central areas of Kyoto City and Osaka City, causing an increase in the population.

• 当初は職住一体の街を計画していたが、実際には大阪市や京都市の都心に働きに行く人が多く、両市へのベッドタウンの傾向が強くなっている。
• Initially, it was planned that people working in the city would also be able to live there, but in reality, commuters to Osaka City or Kyoto City are on the rise, resulting in a bedroom community for both cities.

• 近年都心回帰が進み、平成17年国勢調査（2005年）における推計人口が1985年（昭和60年）以来20年ぶりに10万人の大台を回復した。
• As more people returned to the urban areas of Kyoto City in recent years, the estimated population of Nakagyo Ward, according to the national census taken in 2005, exceeded 100,000 for the first time in twenty years (since 1985).

• 現在は阪急が蛍池駅に快速急行（急行）を停車させ大阪モノレールとの連携を強化し、都心への所要時間を短縮したことにより本構想は代替されたともいえる。
• Because the Hankyu Railway provides Rapid Express (express) trains that connect to Osaka Monorail at Hotarugaike Station for the sake of improved access, the time required to reach the city center has been reduced, and thus it can be said that 'JR Fukuchiyama Line Branch Track Plan' has been replaced by this route.

• 1997年の京都市営地下鉄京都市営地下鉄烏丸線の全線開業と同時に、至近に国際会館駅が設置され、新幹線駅や都心部からのアクセスが格段に向上している。
• All sections of the Kyoto City Subway Karasuma Line and the nearby Kokusaikaikan Station started operation at the same time in 1997, and that greatly improved access to this facility from the city center or the Shinkansen Kyoto Station.

• 全線が都心を通る烏丸線内は全線通しの運転のみで区間運転はないため、利用者の多い京都～烏丸御池間は混雑し、両端の竹田及び国際会館に向かうほど閑散とする。
• The train is crowded between Kyoto and Karasuma, but gets quieter the closer it gets to either end of the line.

• 京都交通 (舞鶴)・西日本ジェイアールバスなどと競合する近郊・都心の一部バス停では、福知山行きを降車のみ、福知山発を乗車のみとして棲み分けを図っている。
• At bus stops in the suburbs or the center of the city where the Fukuchiyama City Local Voluntary Operation Bus is in competition with Kyoto Transport (Maizuru Management Office) and West JR Bus, you can only get off buses heading for Fukuchiyama and you can only get on buses departing from Fukuchiyama.

• 但し、東海道新幹線の東京 - 新横浜間や東北新幹線の東京 - 大宮間のような都心部区間、あるいは全列車が停車する主要駅の前後においては、その限りではない。
• However, the curvature radius rules are not applied to the sections in metropolitan areas, such as between Tokyo and Yokohama of Tokaido Shinkansen and between Tokyo and Omiya of Tohoku Shinkansen, and also to those close to the major stations where all trains on a Shinkansen stop.

• 所要時間は35分であるが、運賃は11,400円（前日割引運賃は7,900円）と高く、しかも空港と都心部とのアクセスに時間がかかるため、鉄道が有利な立場にある。
• It takes just 35 minutes to cover the distance in the airplane, but the airfare costs as much as \11,400 (if you make a reservation by the day before the flight, you can get the discount fare of \7900); moreover, it takes time to go to the urban area from the airport, so the railway has the edge over the air route.

• この地域の業務・物販面などの第三次産業では、大阪市の都心が抜きん出ているため、同市の都心を中心とした都市圏を京阪神大都市圏と見なすこともある（→大阪を参照）。
• Since the Osaka City center surpasses others in the area in aspects of the tertiary industries such as business and merchandising, the urban area centered in the heart of Osaka is sometimes regarded as the Keihanshin Metropolitan area (refer to Osaka).

• 宴会ブームの崩壊で、都心に近い観光地の高級旅館、ホテルは経営が苦しくなっているといわれ、ブームの最中に建設された施設の中には倒産や閉店に追い込まれた施設も出ている。
• The demise of the 'banquet boom' is said to be hurting the business of high-end ryokan and hotels in resorts close to the metropolitan area, and some of those facilities constructed during the boom have been forced to close or to go out of business.

• 現在では少子化・高齢化と人口分布の都心回帰が進み、地方中小私鉄だけでなく、大都市圏の私鉄でも、都心と郊外を結ぶ路線については輸送人員が増加から減少に転じる路線も出てきている。
• Today, due to regression of population distribution to the city center triggered by low birthrate and aging, not only small-and-medium-sized private railways in local areas, but private railways in big cities are gradually having more lines connecting the city center and suburbs, whose transportation volume is changing from increase to decrease.

• 商店でも、現状では1月2日に初売りを行う場合が多いためか、本格的な門松が置かれるのは大型百貨店やパチンコなど一部の業種か、正月は無人に近くなる都心のオフィスビルなどに限られることが多い。
• In the commercial sector, full-scale kadomatsu are usually put up only by certain businesses such as large-scaled department stores or pachinko (Japanese pinball) parlors probably because many stores open on January 2 for the New Year sales; additionally, they are also often placed in front of office buildings that are almost deserted during the New Year holidays.

• 早くから業務地化が進み、人口は30年以上にわたってドーナツ化現象により減り続けていたが、1995年以降都心回帰に伴う居住地再整備やマンション建設の増加に伴い再び人口が増加傾向に転じている。
• With more and more businesses advancing into this area, the population had continued to decrease for more than thirty years due to the so-called donut phenomenon, but since 1995, the population has increased because, corresponding to people's tendency for living in city centers, conditions of the residential area have been improved and an increasing number of condominiums have been constructed.

• まず、京浜東北線は田端～大井町間で東京都心を縦貫するが、京阪神緩行線で強いて似ている区間を挙げるとすると、神戸市内を縦断する六甲道～鷹取間ぐらいしかないし、都市規模があまりにも違いすぎる。
• First, while the Keihin Tohoku Line ran through the center of Tokyo from Tabata to Oimachi, for the Keihanshin Local Line it was only the Rokkomichi-Takatori section in Kobe City, and the sizes of two cities were completely different.

• 蜷川府政の下、山間部や日本海側の開発は急激に進んだのだが、都心部では住民の開発反対運動の意向を蜷川が気にしたため（蜷川の支持母体は都市部の住民団体が多かった）、あまり手をつける事ができなかった。
• Under the Ninagawa administration, mountainous regions and the Japan Sea side area were developed drastically; in contrast, the inner city area was mostly left untouched due to Ninagawa's intention to respect sentiment among urban residents who drove campaigns against development (Ninagawa's power base included many residents' groups in the urban districts).

• ただし、この区間は学研都市の中心地域である京都府相楽郡精華町から外れていることから、学研都市への路線というよりも、奈良県にあるベッドタウンから大阪都心への通勤・通学客のための路線という色が濃い。
• However, because this portion of the line is far from Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture (the central area of Gakkentoshi), it can be said that the line is for businesspeople and students commuting to the urban center of Osaka from bedroom communities in Nara Prefecture rather than serving as a line for Gakkentoshi.

• また、洛中と言った都心部や近年になって開発された地域など一部を除いて、市内の地名の多くは京都市への合併前の旧町村名や大字・小字をそのまま町名にしている（例：旧松ヶ崎村字海尻→左京区松ヶ崎海尻町）。
• Moreover, except for urban areas such as Rakuchu or the recently developed areas, many of the town names in Kyoto City come from the old town/village names, such as Oaza and Koaza before the merger into the city (e.g., formerly Aza Kaijiri, Matsugasaki village for current Kaijiri-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo Ward).

• 2008年現在では、東京都心を縦貫する湘南新宿ラインの利用が好調なことや東北縦貫線計画が進められていることなどから、関東地方相互の近距離では東京を通過する需要（特に通勤需要）も想定しうる状況である。
• AS of 2008, because use of the Shonan Shinjuku Line operated through the center of Tokyo flourishes, and because the Tohoku-jukansen plan (the line on which trains are operated through the Tokaido main line and Tohoku main line) is in progress, demand for passengers who travel through Tokyo among areas, close to Tokyo, in the Kanto region (demand for commuters in particular) can be assumed.

• 大正時代と昭和初期に、大阪の船場 (大阪市)や京都などの上方の都心部の市街地を中心に、未婚の若い女性が晴れ着でない普段着の和服を豪華な振袖に仕立てて着ていたという流行があったが、この流行は全国には広まらなかったようである。
• During the Taisho (1912-1926) and early Showa (1926-1945) periods, the fashion trend--centered around the cities and towns of the Kamigata region (around the old capital of Kyoto) like Senba of Osaka (the modern-day city of Osaka) and Kyoto--was towards young unmarried women having their ordinary kimono made into gorgeous furisode and wore, but this fashion, apparently, did not spread nationwide.

• 現在でも観光地などでのアイスクリーム売りやパンの移動販売、郊外から都心へ通う行商人（関東圏では千葉の行商人が良く知られる存在である）公園付近で定置で営業するおでんの屋台、祭りや縁日の的屋業などは地方、都心に限らず健在な地域も多い。
• Even today, ice cream sellers, mobile bakeries, peddlers coming into the city from the suburbs (in the Kanto area, peddlers from Chiba are well-known), oden (a Japanese dish containing all kinds of ingredients cooked in a special broth of soy sauce, sugar, and sake) yatai doing business in a fixed location near parks, and tekiya at festivals and fairs remain common not only in inner-cities, but in various regions.

• 都心では屋台街が古くから存在している地域が日本各地に見られたが、既得権と道路使用や道路占有の問題や食品衛生法や電力、給排水の供給や路上を汚すといった問題などから、万博や世界選手権大会などが開催される地域で、それを契機に排除してきた事実がある。
• In inner-cities, there were various areas in Japan where yatai-gai existed for hundreds of years, but because of vested rights, road-use, and road-occupancy issues, as well as issues regarding the Food Sanitation Act, electricity supply, the supply and drainage of water and street pollution, they were in fact eliminated in areas where expositions and world championships were held, using them as an impetus to have them removed.

• 東西線沿線は人口の伸びが著しい傾向を見せるが、それに周辺の道路整備が追い付かずに渋滞が深刻化していた京都市東部地域（山科区・伏見区東部）と都心部をつなぐための交通機関として1965年頃から計画が進められ、1969年の市議会で建設が正式に決定。
• The project for the Tozai Line started in or around 1965 as a means of public transportation that would connect the eastern region of Kyoto City (Yamashina Ward and eastern Fushimi Ward)--where the construction of surrounding roads along the Tozai Line couldn't keep up with the rapid population growth in those areas, resulting in serious traffic jams--with the large cities, and was officially carried at a city council meeting held in 1969.

• また、四条通から高辻通にかけては、東京や大阪と比べると小規模ながら電気街になっており、京都の秋葉原やでんでんタウンといってもよい通りであったが、日本橋や大須同様に、往時と比べて電気店の数が減少し、新しい都心型のマンションなどが建設されている。
• The section between Shijo-dori Street and Takatsuji-dori Street was once Kyoto's largest electronic quarter, which was smaller than in scale but can be compared to Akihabara and Denden Town; now, however, the electric goods shops decline in number from their flourishing past, like in Nihonbashi and Osu, and are being replaced by new urban-style apartments.

• そのため、洛西ニュータウンへの路線は既存の計画とは切り離した上で、洛西口駅・JR桂駅までの独立した短距離路線で建設して、これらの駅での阪急京都線・JR京都線乗り換えで京都・大阪への都心部へのアクセスを向上させる方がまだ現実的と言う意見もある。
• Thus there are some opinions saying that the construction of a new track line to Rakusai New Town should be separated from the existing plan and that another independent short-distance line should be established up to Rakusaiguchi Station and JR Katsura Station so that access to central Kyoto and central Osaka can be improved by transferring trains to the Hankyu Kyoto Line or the JR Kyoto Line at these stations.

• 1982年に大宮発着という暫定的な形で東北新幹線と上越新幹線は開業し（→1982年11月15日国鉄ダイヤ改正・新幹線リレー号も参照）、1985年には用地買収の関係で遅れていた都心（上野）乗り入れを果たした（→1985年3月14日国鉄ダイヤ改正も参照）。
• In 1982, the Tohoku Shinkansen line and the Joetsu Shinkansen line started their operations, with Omiya used as the departure and arrival place (-> refer also to the revision of the JNR train schedule on November 15, 1982 and the new Shinkansen relay train), and in 1985, the operations of those lines were at last extended to the central Tokyo area (Ueno) (-> refer also to the revision of the JNR train schedule on March 14, 1985).

• 開通当初は、国鉄（現JR）関西本線以西の大宮通り沿いは田畑が広がる田園地帯であった（いくつか集落はあった）が、近鉄奈良線に新大宮駅が開業すると、付近は新都心として発展し、市役所が旧市街より移転するとその傾向に拍車がかかり、オフィスや商業施設、百貨店などが林立することとなった。
• When it was opened, there were fields along Omiya-dori Street heading east from the Kansai Main Line, Japanese National Railways (current JR), but once Shin-Omiya Station opened along the Kintetsu Nara Line, the neighborhood developed into a new city, and as the city hall was relocated from the former city, offices, business facilities, and department stores began to develop.

• その協議の場において京都市側は、山科から現ルートよりも北側を山岳トンネルで貫いて京都市都心部へ直行する案を提示したが、京阪電気鉄道側が両線が競合するほどの輸送量は無いとこれに反対し、京阪電気鉄道が京津線の京阪山科～三条間を廃止し、京都市営地下鉄東西線へ乗り入れることで決着した。
• In the counsel, Kyoto City suggested an idea of passing the area to the north of the existing route with a mountain tunnel from Yamashina and connecting the line directly to downtown Kyoto; however, Keihan Electric Railway disagreed with the idea, insisting that the passenger transportation volume wasn't sufficient for the two lines to compete with each other, so eventually both sides agreed to discontinue the section between Keihan-yamashina and Sanjo on the Keishin Line of Keihan Electric Railway and allow Keihan Electric Railway to use the Tozai Line, Kyoto Municipal Subway.

• 一般的には数件の店が一つのグループを作り、地方の縁日などを回っているが、都心の古くからある地域では一と六、二と八、三と七、五と十（四と九は縁起が悪いのと休みは的屋にも必要）の付く日で縁日を主要な町々で分けており、夏場や正月や花見など年中行事以外の限られた日数だけ地方に赴く団体もある。
• Usually, several shops form a group and travel around local fairs but, in old towns in urban areas, some groups do business at the festivals which held in the main towns at the fair dividing on days which there is a one and six, two and eight, three and seven, and five and ten (four and nine are considered unlucky so even tekiya close on those days), and some only travel to irregular, limited-period fairs other than annual events, such as summer festivals, New Years or cherry blossom viewing festivals.

• それでも都心部に深夜帯に到着する列車からの乗り継ぎが出来ない事例も多く、他の大都市で見られる（運賃倍額の）深夜バスの設定を求める声が一部挙がっており、それを受けてか、河原町通りから京都駅に向けて、夜間バスかわらまち・よるバスの運行が始まったが、都心部から外れて鉄道路線が無い地域では著しく不便な状況に変わりは無い。
• However, there remains the situation in which no bus service is available for persons getting off the trains arriving at the central city area during the midnight period, and there are opinions that midnight buses should be available as in other big cities (at fares twice as high as those in the daytime); perhaps in response to such opinions, the operation of Kawaramachi Yoru Bus (night buses from Kawaramachi), from Kawaramachi-dori Street to Kyoto Station, have started, but extremely inconvenient situations remain unchanged in areas that are located remotely from the central city area and where no railway service is available.

• これにより市中心部への進出は達成されて利用客にとっての不満も解消したかに見えたが、相互乗り入れは実現したものの、既存路線から乗り入れ可能となった路線の停留所での乗り降りについて、「降車はできるが乗車できない」、逆に都心部から郊外へ向けては「乗車は自由だが降車は禁止」という、いわゆる「クローズドドアシステム」の制約を受けていた。
• Although it seemed that the company had achieved its objective of making inroads into the city center and passengers' dissatisfaction was resolved thanks to the aforementioned agreement, the company's operations were still restricted by the so-called 'closed door system' under which 'passengers could get off but weren't allowed to get on' at the bus stops of newly extended routes while 'passengers going from the city center to the suburbs could get on but weren't allowed to get off ' at those bus stops.

• 当日の早朝、一行は決行前の宴を催し一晩過ごした東海道品川宿（東京都品川区）の旅籠を出発し、東海道（現在の国道15号）に沿って進み、大木戸を経て札ノ辻を曲がり、網坂（東京都港区 (東京都)、慶應義塾大学付近）、神明坂、中之橋（現在の首都高速都心環状線を過ぎる）を過ぎて桜田通りへ抜け、愛宕神社 (東京都港区)（港区）で待ち合わせたうえで、外桜田門へ向かう。
• Early that morning, the group left the inn at Shinagawa (Shinagawa Ward, Tokyo) where they had had a party the night before, and proceeded along the Tokaido (now the National Route 15); they turned at Fudanotsuji after going through Okido; they passed Amisaka (near present-day Keio University, Minato Ward, Tokyo), Myojinzaka and Nakanohashi (now the Tokyo Metropolitan Expressway Ring Route) to Sakurada Street, and finally assembled at the Atago Jinja Shrine on the street leading to the Sakuradamon Gate.

• そして民間でも自治としての政が江戸時代から一層顕著に認められ｛江戸時代以降の都心では町場（町奉行管轄）と庭場（寺社奉行管轄）と野帳場（検地がされていない管轄未定地や郊外）に区分され、庶民と町人が協力して自治を行った｝、祭りとして神や御霊や自然を祀り、その社会的行為は「七夕祭り」や「恵比寿講」として現在にも行われ、神社神道の儀式とは離れた民衆の神事として定着し、昔と同様に普請としての地域振興を担っている。
• And their method, in which even commoners practiced self government, received recognition, and indeed it became all the more striking starting in the Edo period (beginning in that period, large cities were divided into machiba (towns, under the jurisdiction of town magistrates), niwaba (jisha-bugyo, under the jurisdiction of (government-appointed) temples and shrine administrators), and nochoba (unsurveyed areas or suburbs of unfixed jurisdiction), and so commoners and townspeople cooperated to achieve self-government); the people used festivals to enshrine gods, spirits, and elements of nature itself, including such festivals as Tanabata (the Festival of the Weaver, celebrated July 7) and the Feast for Ebisu, both of which are still celebrated today, eventually becoming established as popular versions of Shinto rituals quite separate in form from Shrine Shinto rituals, but in any case, shrines continue to contribute to local development, even as they did in the past.