部: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 建部大社
- Takebe Taisha Shrine
- 2部上場企業
- Second Section company (on the Tokyo Stock Exchange)
- 使部 20人
- 20 shibu (low-ranking bureaucrats)
- 河川 物部川
- River: Monobe-gawa River
- 中部・北陸地方
- Chubu and Hokuriku region
- 備の補給部隊。
- This is sonae's supply division.
- 京都競馬倶楽部
- Kyoto Horse Racing Club
- 諏訪部三刀屋氏
- Suwabe Mitoya clan
- 建部大社宝物殿
- Takebe Taisha Homotsuden (treasure house)
- 県南部と県北部
- The Southern Part and the Northern Part of the Prefecture
- 県西部と県東部
- The Western Part and the Eastern Part of the Prefecture
- 宮内庁書陵部蔵。
- This manuscript is housed in the Imperial Household Archives.
- It is held in book stock by the Shoryo department, Imperial Household Agency.
- It is held in the book stock of the Shoryo department, Imperial Household Agency.
- 宮内庁書陵部蔵本
- The transcript possessed by the Imperial Household Archives
- 中国大陸部・台湾
- Mainland China and Taiwan
- 物部村大栃中学校
- Monobe Village Odochi Junior High School
- 京都市中心部より
- From the center of Kyoto City
- 近畿地方の主要部。
- Main part of Kinki region.
- 物部村 (高知県)
- Monobe-son (Kochi Prefecture)
- 物部村立大栃小学校
- Monobe Village Odochi Elementary School
- 物部村立大栃保育所
- Monobe Village Odochi Nursery School
- 南部荘…金剛峰寺領。
- Minabe no sho: estate of Kongobu-ji Temple
- 薬戸 品部・薬の栽培
- Yakuto, in charge of cultivating Shinabe as well as medicinal herbs
- 北太平洋西部に存在。
- It exists over the western part of the North Pacific Ocean.
- 三重県志摩市磯部町五知
- Gochi, Isobe-cho, Shima City, Mie Prefecture
- 琵琶湖国定公園の一部。
- It is a part of the Lake Biwa Quasi-National Park.
- It is a part of Lake Biwa Quasi-National Park.
- 金剛山地の北部に位置。
- It is located in the northern part of Kongo mountainous district.
- 建部神社(現 建部大社)
- Takebe-jinja Shrine (present-day Takebe-taisha Shrine)
- 吉野熊野国立公園の一部。
- It is a part of Yoshino-Kumano National Park.
- 南西部を野洲川が流れる。
- Yasu River flows to its southwest.
- 京都市の南部に位置する。
- Fushimi Ward is located in the southern part of Kyoto City.
- のち共産党幹部になり転向。
- Later he became a leading member of the Japanese Communist party but got converted.
- 金剛山地の北部に位置する。
- It is located in the northern part of Kongo mountainous district.
- 滝川の処分と京大法学部の抵抗
- The punishment of Takiwgawa and the resistance by the Faculty of Law, Kyoto University
- のち共産党幹部になり獄中死。
- Later he became a leader member of the Japanese Communist party and back-gate parole.
- 始め物部、後に藤原に改める。
- First it took the name of Monobe, but later it assumed the new name of Fujiwara.
- 一部上記の名所・旧跡地と重複
- The list below partly overlaps with the list of sights and historic scenes above.
- 湖沼 奥物部湖(永瀬ダム湖)
- Lake: Oku-Monobe Lake(Nagase Reservoir)
- 京都市街地の北部に位置する。
- Kamigyo Ward is located in the northern part of Kyoto urban area.
- 現在の宮崎県中南部と鹿児島県。
- Modern-day south-central Miyazaki Prefecture and Kagoshima Prefecture.
- 日向国中南部と大隅国と薩摩国。
- South-central Hyuga Province, Osumi Province and Satsuma Province.
- 部落差別問題にも影響している。
- This influenced the problem of Buraku (hamlet) discrimination.
- 群書類従雑部に収録されている。
- The text of Chokan-kanmon is compiled in Gunshoruiju zatsubu.
- 山頂付近下部に山口神社が在る。
- Yamaguchi-jinja Shrine is located in the lower part of the area in the vicinity of the mountaintop.
- 京都府の最北部に位置している。
- The city is located in the northmost area of Kyoto Prefecture.
- 近畿地方あるいは西日本の中心部。
- Kinki region, or the central part of western Japan.
- 内部は無料で一般公開されている。
- The inside of the residence is open to the public for free.
- 東九条村の残部が上鳥羽村に編入。
- The rest of Higashikujo-mura was incorporated into Kamitoba-mura.
- 本丸御殿は一部を残して撤去された。
- Most parts of the Honmaru Goten were taken away.
- 以下はその中でも顕著な部分である。
- The followings are the sections which were particularly damaged among them.
- 「仏」「法」「僧」の3部に分かれる。
- It consists of the following three sections: 'Buddha,' 'Dharma,' and 'Sangha.'
- - 同志社大学キャンパス敷地の一部。
- The town is a part of the campus site of Doshisha University.
- ところが、播磨国東部で別所長治が造反。
- However, Nagaharu BESSHO raised a rebellion in the eastern part of Harima Province.
- 膳所城は大津市街の東部に位置していた。
- Zeze-jo Castle was located to the east of the downtown area of Otsu City.
- そして日向南部の要衝・高城を包囲する。
- Following the invasion, Hideyoshi besieged Taka-jo Castle, which was a key strategic point in southern Hyuga.
- 藩庁は山家陣屋(京都府綾部市広瀬町)。
- The government building for the domain was called Yamaga Jinya (now in Hirose-cho, Ayabe City, Kyoto Prefecture).
- 山頂部には5軒の山小屋が密集している。
- There are swarms of five mountain huts on the top.
- 吉野(よしの)とは、奈良県南部の別名。
- Yoshino is another name of the southern area of Nara Prefecture.
- その成果の一部は、後掲論文に収載される。
- The results of research were published in his monograph mentioned below.
- 占い・天文・時・暦の編纂を担当する部署。
- The department was responsible for the compilation of fortune-telling, astronomy, time, and calendar.
- 式部卿の宮(敦慶親王、作中では既に故人)
- Shikibukyo no miya (the Highness of Ceremonial, Imperial Prince Atsuyoshi, who is already deceased in the work)
- その権利を明文化して惣内部の法令とした。
- These rights were stipulated and became regulation within the soson.
- 陵墓は現在、宮内庁書陵部が管理している。
- Imperial mausoleums are now kept by the Imperial Household Archives.
- 現在は石垣などの一部の遺構を残すのみだ。
- At present, only a small amount of structural remnants including a part of stone walls are remained.
- 南部は野洲川の後背部で田が広がっていた。
- There used to be rice fields sweeping away behind the Yasu-gawa River in the southern part.
- 橿原市(かしはらし)は、奈良県中部の市。
- Kashihara City is located in the central part of Nara Prefecture.
- 中国中部・南部、台湾でも梅雨が見られる。
- Baiu is seen in Central and South China as well as Taiwan.
- 紫式部が筆のあと のこすはここよ月の夜に
- Here is the place Murasaki Shikibu wrote her essays, viewing a beautiful moon at night.
- 内部には叡尊が所持していた舎利を納める。
- Shari (Buddha's relics) which had been kept by Eison has been stored inside.
- 詳細な記事が多いが、欠失部分も少なくない。
- It contains a large number of detailed entries, but quite a few parts have been lost.
- 荘域は足利郡全域と安蘇郡の一部(赤見郷)。
- Its territory included the whole of Ashikaga County and a part of Aso County (Akami-go).
- 教育学の一般的な教養の一つの部門でもある。
- It is one department in the general discipline of pedagogy.
- 徳川家康17歳(1558年、寺部城攻略戦)
- Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, aged 17 (1558, Battle of Terabe-jo Caslte)
- 7月27日 飛神隊「義」部隊、岩国に進出。
- July 27: The 'Gi' unit of the Hishin Squadron advanced to Iwakuni.
- 伊預部馬養連の記したところのものを述べる。
- IYOBE no Umakai no Muraji described as follows:
- 一部の書籍では香原山城の戦いともいわれる。
- It is also written as 香原山城の戦い instead of 河原山城の戦い in some books.
- 近衛部隊の前身のようなもの)の任に就いた。
- (They were tasked with guarding the Imperial Court, and were a precursor of sorts to the later Imperial Guard Corps.)
- 付随して周辺の木造部分へ引火することもある。
- Incidentally, wood surrounding the weapon often caught on fire.
- 長宗我部元親22歳(1561年、長浜の戦い)
- Motochika CHOSOGABE, aged 22 (1561, Battle of Nagahama)
- 律令制においては治部省玄蕃寮の管轄であった。
- Under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), this facility was controlled by the Genba-ryo (office taking charge of affairs relating to the diplomacy and Buddhism) of the Jibu-sho Ministry.
- また、但馬南部の一部を篠山藩へ移管している。
- A part of southern Tajima was transferred to the Sasayama Domain.
- 県域は現在の京丹後市の一部に設置されていた。
- The Mineyama Prefectural area was established in the area of present day Kyotango City.
- 本能寺の変は雑賀衆内部の力関係も一変させた。
- The Honno-ji Incident also changed the power relationship among Saiga shu.
- - 農村部において商工業者が集まってできた町
- town formed with those engaged in commerce and industry in a farming village
- 外部は、これらの階層ごとに色が分かれている。
- Regarding the outside, every floor was colored differently.
- 京丹後市全てがかつての久美浜県の一部である。
- The whole area of Kyotango City is a part of Kumihama Prefecture, which used to exist.
- 曹丕の治世中に雍州西部を分割して秦州とした。
- During the reign of Cao Pi, the west of Yong Zhou was separated to Qin Zhou.
- 学校法人立命館 教育文化事業部 歴史回廊推進室
- Historic Corridor Promotion Office, Department of Education and Culture, Gakko Hojin Ritsumeikan
- かわりに、意味による部門分類が強く残っている。
- Instead, the classification by category based on meaning of words was still dominant among them.
- 乾漆八部衆像(興福寺、8体のうち阿修羅が著名)
- The dry lacquer statues of Eight Guardians: enshrined in Kofuku-ji Temple, and the statue of Ashura (Bellicose Demon) is most famous of the eight
- - 「勝部の火祭り」で知られる旧物部郷の総社。
- - Shrine of the former Mononobe-go, dedicated to a number of gods and known for 'Katsube Shrine Fire Festival.'
- この地区の町名も大部分は近世以来のものである。
- Most of the town names in this area have been also derived since the early-modern times.
- 「仏」「法」「僧」部がそれぞれ上中下に分かれる。
- The three sections 'Buddha,' 'Dharma,' and 'Sangha' are each subdivided into three parts (Parts 1 to 3).
- 浄土教の建築としても独特の内部空間をもっている。
- It has an unique interior space even for architecture of the Jodo sect.
- これは初重の内部空間を広く使うためと考えられる。
- This was to secure the internal space of the first-level pagoda.
- さらに楠木軍は一部が打って出て幕府軍を奇襲した。
- A portion of the Kusunoki army charged, attempting a surprise attack on the bakufu army.
- 稲粟の出挙は、主に農村部において盛んに行われた。
- In general, the Suiko dealing with rice and millet was frequently implemented in the agricultural community.
- のちに日本共産党の幹部となり警察に検挙され虐殺。
- Later he became a party executive of the Japanese Communist Party, then was arrested and slaughtered by the police.
- 遺構は、日野川ダムの建設時に大部分が破壊された。
- Most of the structural remnants were destroyed in the construction of Hinogawa Dam.
- 内部を「天守指図」に習って、吹き抜けにしている。
- Referring to 'Tenshu sashizu,' a stairwell was installed inside of his model.
- これにより二の丸部分は街道をさえぎる形になった。
- From this reason, the Ninomaru section cut across the road.
- 現在、市内中心部に五新線の高架橋跡が残っている。
- Currently, the remains of an elevated bridge of Goshin Line are left in the center of the city.
- 紀伊半島の中部に位置し、奈良盆地の南に位置する。
- In is located in the middle of Kii Peninsula and to the south of Nara Basin.
- 区の中央部北寄りには二条城が広大な面積を占める。
- Nijo-jo Castle covers large area of the land in the northern part of the center of Nakagyo Ward.
- 長兵衛尉 長谷部信連が落ち延びたとする伝承がある。
- It has been passed down that Nobutsura HASEBE, Chohyoe no jo, escaped to this place.
- 部門分類のはじめが「天地」で旧国名が含まれていた。
- The first category in the subclassification was 'tenchi' (the world) and old provincial names were included.
- 本家がある場合は、その収入の一部を本家へ納入した。
- If they had honke, they delivered some of the revenue to their honke.
- また本来、備は「部隊」程度の意味で用いられていた。
- Furthermore, sonae was originally used merely to imply 'troops.'
- これら陣形は基本的に備以上の部隊配置に反映される。
- Basically, these battle formations were reflected in the positioning of troops above sonae.
- うち一部が中華人民共和国越州窯のものと同定される。
- It was confirmed that some of the fragments were baked at the Esshu kiln, China.
- 武断派(ぶだんは)とは、豊臣政権内部の派閥である。
- The Budan-ha (a political faction that is willing to resort to military means to achieve its aims) was a faction in the Toyotomi government.
- 7月14日 飛神隊「忠」部隊、鹿屋航空基地に進出。
- July 14: The 'Chu' unit of the Hishin Squadron advanced to the Kanoya Air Base.
- 百々橋口道及び主郭部周辺をめぐる周回路を調査する。
- In 1995, Dodobashiguchi-michi Road and roads running around the castle were investigated.
- 南部に耳成山公園が整備され、桜の名所となっている。
- Miminashiyama Park is placed to the south of Mt. Miminashi, and it is known as a cherry blossom viewing spot.
- 気象予報などの地方区分では、近畿中部に分類される。
- According to the regional classifications of weather forecasting and such, it is classified as the middle part of the Kinki region.
- 今井都市緑化-今井町の西南隅で、一部に環濠が残る。
- Imai urban greening: It refers to the southwestern corner of Imai Town, in part of which the moat is still left.
- 現在でも堤防の一部が益田池児童公園内に残っている。
- Part of the bank still remains in the Masudaike Children's Park.
- 愛宕山 (海陽町) - 徳島県海部郡海陽町にある。
- Atago-yama (Kaiyo-cho) - It is located in Kaiyo-cho, Kaifu County, Tokushima Prefecture.
- 区境は東端の山間部で滋賀県大津市とわずかに接する。
- The ward slightly shares a border with Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture in the mountains at its east end.
- 西九条北ノ内町は、もとは大内村西九条の一部である。
- Nishikujo Kitanouchi-cho was originally a part of Nishikujo in Ouchi village.
- 兵の家の一部は11世紀に入ると軍事貴族へと成長した。
- In the 11th century the tsuwamono no ie evolved into military lords.
- 部門別分類した上でいろは順に並ぶ「合類型」をとった。
- The method was called 'Goruigata,' in which the words were classified by category and subclassified in iroha order in each of those categories.
- 現在の中津川市、恵那市全体と土岐、瑞浪、木曾の一部。
- The entire Nakatsugawa City, Ena City, and some of Toki City, Mizunami City, and Kiso County at present.
- 惣村の内部は、平等意識と連帯意識により結合していた。
- The members of the soson associated with one another based on equality and community.
- 一部の者は天長10年(833年)に宿禰を賜っている。
- Some members were granted the rank of sukune in 833.
- 市内北東部の住川町に工業団地テクノパークならがある。
- There is an industrial complex, Techno-park Nara in Sumikawa-cho in the northeastern part of the city.
- 五條市(ごじょうし)は、奈良県の中西部に位置する市。
- Gojo City is a city located in the midwest part of Nara Prefecture.
- - 中国北部・モンゴルから満州にかけての地域に存在。
- It exist in the area covering the northern part of China, Mongol and Manchuria.
- 平野部が少なく、琵琶湖のすぐ近くまで比良山地が迫る。
- There are few plains and Hira mountain range comes very close to Lake Biwa.
- 平野部が大きく開けており、古代より開発が進められた。
- There is a large plain in this area, which has been developed since ancient times.
- しかし、細部は編成する各大名によって異なるものである。
- However, details differed depending on the daimyo who organized it.
- 有力な戦国大名の下で、これらの施策は一部行われていた。
- These measures were partly conducted under the powerful daimyo in the Sengoku period.
- 関西北部を中心に中国地方・四国地方まで被害がおよんだ。
- The earthquake devastated the northern Kansai region, as well as the Chugoku region and the Shikoku region.
- 太泥 マレー半島中部東海岸のマレー系パタニ王国である。
- Patani was the Pattani Kingdom of Malay at the central eastern coast of Malay peninsula.
- 平盧の李師道・成徳の王承宗は自ら領地の一部を返還した。
- Shidao LI of Pinglu and Chengzong WANG of Chengde gave back parts of their own territories.
- このように、織田家内部の勢力図が大きく塗り変えられた。
- In this way, the conference re-drew the power map of the Oda family.
- 五新線(阪本線) 市街地・山間部に廃線跡が残っている。
- Goshin Line (Sakamoto Line): The old tracks remain, unused, in the urban and mountainous areas.
- 明日香村(あすかむら)は、奈良県の中央部に位置する村。
- Asuka-mura is a village located in the center of Nara Prefecture.
- 北魏の太和11年にさらに雍州西部を分割して岐州とした。
- In 487 of Northern Wei, the west of Yong Zhou was further separated to Qi Zhou.
- しかしながら、それに先立って失われた部分は小さくない。
- However, many parts of the road were damaged before the registration.
- 今西家の先祖は、もと大和南部の豪族十市氏の一族だった。
- The Imanishi family originated from the Tochi clan, former local ruling family of southern Yamato Province.
- 滋賀県西部、湖西地方に位置する比良山地の最高峰である。
- It is the highest mountain in Hira mountains located in Kosei region in the western part of Shiga Prefecture.
- 都祁村(つげむら)は、奈良県北東部にかつて存在した村。
- Tsuge-mura is a village which once existed in the northeast part of Nara Prefecture.
- 内部に水瓶(すいびょう)形の銅製舎利容器5基を納める。
- It contains five suibyo (water jar)-shaped copper container for remains inside.
- 「東野東山」は区の南東端の山間部に位置する飛地である。
- The 'Higashino Higashiyama' town is a detached town in the mountain area south-east of the ward.
- 「西野東山」は区の南東端の山間部に位置する飛地である。
- Nishino Higashiyama' town is a detached town in the mountain area, at the south-east end of the ward.
- ※五十音順の町名一覧は外部リンクの郵便番号一覧を参照。
- For the town names listed in the order of fifty Japanese syllables, refer to the external link with the postal code list.
- ただし、この地区の町名は大部分が近世以来のものである。
- However, most of the town names in this area have been passed on since the early-modern times.
- 荘家の跡は加茂神社 (射水市)(射水市加茂中部)である。
- Remains of the management building of the manor have been found at the Kamo-jinja Shrine (Imizu City) (Kamochubu, Imizu City).
- 和田は現在の兵庫区南部から長田区にまたがる地域にあたる。
- Wada is the area extending from present-day South Hyogo Ward to Nagata Ward.
- 当初は講堂や職員室・校長室内部に奉安所が設けられていた。
- At first, Hoan-sho (place for displaying the goshin-ei portraits and the Imperial Rescript on Education, the predecessor of Hoan-den) was established at the auditorium or inside the staff room or principal's office.
- その結果、都市部では貧民が多く存在するようになった。
- As a result, the population of poor people grew in urban areas.
- この時、播磨国内の旗本領、藩の飛び地の一部が編入された。
- At that time, the Hatamoto domain in Harima Province and a part of the outlands of the domain were incorporated into Ikuno Prefecture.
- 明の嘉靖年間、中国の沿岸部は倭寇の襲撃を度々受けていた。
- During the Kangzi period (1521 - 1566) during the Ming dynasty, wako (Japanese pirates) repeatedly raided China's coasts.
- 浅羽民部少輔は持氏の側近・浅羽下総守の一族と推定される。
- It is assumed that Asaba Minbu shoyu belonged to the same family as Mochiuji's close advisors, Asaba Shimosa no kami (the governor of Shimosa Province).
- 水口城廃城後、城の建材は一部を残し大半が公売に付された。
- After the castle was abandoned, most of the architectural materials were sold at auctions.
- 13町のうち3町は区の東方の山間部に位置する飛地である。
- Three towns among thirteen are detached towns in the eastern mountain areas.
- 区の東部には京都御所を含む京都御苑が広大な面積を占める。
- In the east, there is a Kyoto Gyoen National Garden including Kyoto Imperial Palace that covers large area.
- 節用集は「いろは順」ののち意味による部門分類を行っていた。
- In the setsuyoshu, the words were classified in iroha order and sub-classified according to their meanings.
- 良民官人、公民、品部(しなべ、又はともべ)、雑戸(ざっこ)
- Ryomin: Kanjin, Komin, Shinabe (or Tomobe), and Zakko
- 内部は黒漆塗り、そして華麗な障壁画で飾られていたとされる。
- It is believed that the inside of the castle tower was black lacquered and decorated by magnificent paintings on the walls and fusuma (sliding doors).
- また、甲南部、杣谷を経て伊賀へとぬける間道伊賀街道が通る。
- There also is the Iga-kaido Road - a Kando (byroad) that passes through the Konan area and Somatani to Iga.
- 桜井市(さくらいし)は、奈良県中部、中和地域に位置する市。
- Sakurai City is a city located in the middle of Nara Prefecture, Chuwa area.
- 今井まちや館 - 本町筋の中央部にある18世紀初期の町家。
- Imai Machiyakan: It is a machiya (a traditional townhouse) building built in the early 18th century around the middle of Honmachi-suji Street.
- 愛宕山 (京都市) - 京都府京都市右京区の北西部にある。
- Atago-yama (Kyoto City) - It is located in the northwestern part of Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 原撰本のおもかげを残すが、「法」部の前半しか伝わっていない。
- It retains something of the original text although only the earlier part of the 'Buddha' section has survived.
- 宮内庁書陵部蔵本の形態は冊子で、全1冊36丁から構成される。
- The transcript possessed by Imperial Household Archives is in the form of a book consisting of 36 booklets.
- 私記の逸文からの引用と考えられる部分が同書中に記されている。
- That is because the descriptions which seem to be citations from lost fragments of the private notes can be found in the 'Shaku Nihongi.'
- これに反対する一部の国人衆は稲屋妻城に立てこもって抵抗した。
- Some local samurais who opposed to this outcome resisted and locked themselves in protest inside the Inayazuma-jo Castle.
- 主計寮の主典の一人は民部省の勾当となってその事務に専念した。
- One of the staff called Sakan of Shukeiryo became a ministry official called Koto of Minbusho and concentrated on the clerical work.
- 主計寮(しゅけいりょう)は律令制において民部省に属した機関。
- Shukeiryo is an organization which belonged to Minbusho (civil and administrative ministry) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- しかし、涼橋神社と稲荷神社の周辺に一部石垣や堀が残っている。
- However, some stone walls and moats remained around the Suzuhashi-jinja and Inari-jinja shrines.
- 遺構の残る主郭部の近くには、「蒲生氏郷公産湯の井戸」がある。
- The water well for the first bath of baby Ujisato GAMO' is located near the main area, where remnants exist.
- 倭寇は数百艘からなる船団をなして半島沿岸部の諸都市を焼いた。
- Wako organized a fleet consisting of several hundreds of ships and invaded the cities in the coastal area of the peninsular and set fire to buildings.
- このうち、現在では「車大路」のみ、一部が廃道となっている)。
- Among those streets, only a segment of the 'Kuruma oji' do not exist today.
- 市内中心部をカバーする各放送局の延岡中継局が設置されている。
- Nobeoka relay stations for various broadcasting companies that cover the central part of the city are located here.
- 観智院本の「仏」部上および中の一部にあたる「巻上」のみ伝わる。
- It is incomplete, with only Part 1 of the 'Buddha' section and 'Volume 1,' which forms a portion of Part 2.
- 689年(持統4)飛鳥浄御原令、諸司に令一部二十二巻をわかつ。
- 689: Asuka Kiyomihara Code compiled and the 22 volumes distributed to all officials.
- その後、天平宝字6年(762年)になって、健児が一部復活した。
- Subsequently, the kondei system was partially revived in 762.
- 諸陵寮(しょりょうりょう)は律令制において治部省に属する機関。
- The Shoryoryo was an organization which belonged to Jibu-sho Ministry (the Ministry of Civil Administration) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 柳原町、東九条村・上鳥羽村・深草村の一部が京都市下京区に編入。
- Yanagihara-cho, Higashikujo-mura, Kamitoba-mura and a part of Fukakusa-mura were incorporated into Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City.
- 奈良県の北東部、笠置山地(大和高原)に位置する高原の村である。
- It is a village located in Kasagi hilly district (the Yamato highlands) in the northeast part of Nara Prefecture.
- また、「高野山」、熊野参詣道の一部は高野龍神国定公園に含まれる
- In addition, 'Mt. Koya' and a part of Kumano Pilgrimage Routes are included in Koya-Ryujin Quasi-National Park.
- (昭和24年成立)勧進橋町(当時の下京区上鳥羽勧進橋町の一部)
- (Established in 1949) Kanjinbashi-cho (a part of then Kamitoba Kanjinbashi-cho, Shimogyo Ward)
- また、学生の一部には得業生として大学に残り博士を目指す者もいた。
- In addition, some students stayed in Daigaku-ryo as Tokugosho (Distinguished Scholars) and aspired to a career as a hakase.
- 全130巻の部立てはおそらく、次の通りであったと推定されている。
- Categorization of all 130 volumes is assumed to possibly have been as follows:
- 雅楽寮(うたりょう)は、律令制において治部省に属する機関である。
- Utaryo (Bureau of Traditional Music) was an organization belonging to the Jibusho (the ministry of civil administration) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- このように、公出挙は租税の一部として位置づけられるようになった。
- Thus, Ku-Suiko came to be recognized as a part of the land tax.
- 城下町は小谷城下(滋賀県東浅井郡湖北町伊部)からそのまま移した。
- The castle town was moved in its complete form from Odani (Kohokucho Ibe, Higashi Azai County, Shiga Prefecture).
- 京都府警察部は、直ちに捜査を開始し、犯人の朝鮮人5人を逮捕した。
- Kyoto Police immediately began a search and arrested five Koreans.
- 長宗我部元親は当初織田信長による四国征伐の備えで兵を休めていた。
- Motochika CHOSOKABE had his troops stand by to prepare against the expedition to Shikoku by Nobunaga ODA.
- 堅田は琵琶湖の狭窄部に位置しており、背後に堅田丘陵を有している。
- Katata is placed in the stricture and has Katata Hills behind it.
- 愛宕山 (盛岡市) - 岩手県盛岡市の中央部、市街地の北にある。
- Atago-yama (Morioka City) - It is located in the middle of Morioka City, Iwate Prefecture, to the north of the urban area.
- 吉野山(よしのやま)は奈良県の中央部・吉野郡吉野町に位置する山。
- Mt. Yoshino is located in Yoshino-cho, Yoshino County in the central part of Nara Prefecture.
- 「音羽南谷」は山間部に位置すると推定されるが、地図上にみえない。
- Otowa Minamitani town' is supposed to be a place in the mountains; however, it can not be seen on a map.
- 旧葛野郡梅津村は昭和6年京都市に編入され、右京区の一部となった。
- The former Umezu village, Kadono County, was integrated into Kyoto City in 1931, and became a part of the Ukyo Ward.
- - 地図にみえないが、「角川」には山間部に位置する無人町とある。
- According to 'Kadokawa,' it is a mountainous area where no one lives, although this is not shown on any map.
- According to 'Kadokawa,' it is a mountainous area inhabited, even though this is not shown on any map.
- また、その一部は京庫納として京都に送られて朝廷の財政に宛てられた。
- Part of this was considered Kyokono and sent to Kyoto to supplement the court's finances.
- ただ、鎌倉期の古写本が京都大学や陽明文庫・宮内庁書陵部などに残る。
- Only the old manuscript copies from the Kamakura period are still kept at Kyoto University, the Yomei Library and Archives and Mausolea Department of the Imperial Household Agency.
- この時点では宮本英雄法学部長が文部省に釈明し問題にはならなかった。
- At this point, the dean of the Faculty of Law, Hideo MIYAMOTO apologized to the Ministry of Education and this was not a problem.
- 大田文には、国内の国衙領(公田)・一部荘園の詳細が記録されていた。
- In the Ota bumi, details of domestic territories of kokuga (or kuden [field administered directly by a ruler]) including a part of shoen were recorded.
- 連行途中、犯人は隙を見て逃走、在日本朝鮮人連盟の支部に逃げ込んだ。
- On his way to being taken to the police station, the suspect escaped and ran into the branch of the Association of Korean Residents in Japan.
- 交趾 当時実質的に中部ベトナムを領有していたフエの阮氏政権である。
- Giao Chi was governed by the Guen clan in Hue, which actually ruled Central Vietnam at the time.
- 景観のために電線類の地中化を町並みの中心部(本町筋)で行っている。
- Power lines are put underground in the center of the town (Honmachi-suji Street) for aesthetic purposes.
- 現在は大津市北部の拠点であり、近年住宅地としての発展が目覚ましい。
- In these days, Katata is a central point of the northern part of Otsu City, and has developed remarkably as a residential area.
- 旧葛野郡京極村は、昭和6年京都市に編入され、右京区の一部となった。
- The former Kyogoku village, Kadono County, was integrated into Kyoto City in 1931, and became a part of the Ukyo Ward.
- 旧葛野郡太秦村は、昭和6年京都市に編入され、右京区の一部となった。
- The former Uzumasa village, Kadono County, was integrated into Kyoto City in 1931, and became a part of the Ukyo Ward.
- 旧葛野郡花園村は、昭和6年京都市に編入され、右京区の一部となった。
- The former Hanazono village, Kadono County, was integrated into Kyoto City in 1931, and became a part of the Ukyo Ward.
- 旧葛野郡嵯峨町は、昭和6年京都市に編入され、右京区の一部となった。
- The former Saga Town, Kadono County, was integrated into Kyoto City in 1931, and became a part of the Ukyo Ward.
- 明治21年(1888年)には愛宕郡(おたぎぐん)の一部の村を編入。
- In 1888, villages which had been a part of Otagi County were integrated into Kamigyo Ward.
- By 1888, villages which had been a part of Otagi County were integrated into Kamigyo Ward.
- これらは人が山中に暮らしていることを外部にかぎ取られないためである。
- These customs originated out of the need to conceal from outsiders that people were living in the mountain.
- 天台宗内部では延暦寺(山門派)と園城寺(寺門派)の対立が続いていた。
- Within the Tendai-shu sect, confrontation between Enryaku-ji Temple (Sanmon school) and Enjo-ji Temple (Jimon school) had continued.
- 近世後期以降に部門別から仮名字数で細分するものが現れ、主流となった。
- In the late modern age, there appeared a new form in which the words were divided by category and subdivided by number of kana characters, which became mainstream.
- 都市部(平城京や平安京)では、財物の出挙が盛んに行われていたようだ。
- It seems that the Suiko dealing with property was implemented frequently in the urban areas (Heijo-kyo [the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara] and Heian-kyo [ancient capital in current Kyoto]).
- だが、一部は室町幕府に降り奉公衆に取り立てられて重んじられたという。
- Some of them were appointed to the important government post of hokoshu (a military post in Muromachi Shogunate) by the Muromachi bakufu.
- 辻堂村西部は、大日本帝国海軍の横須賀海軍砲術学校辻堂演習場となった。
- The western part of Tsujido Village became the Tsujido maneuvering range of the Yokosuka naval gunnery school of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
- 同時に、大和衆の一部と河内衆は残留して高野山の抑えとなるよう命じた。
- At the same time, he ordered a part of Yamato shu and Kawachi shu to stay behind in order to hinder Koyasan.
- その製品は北海道から京都府にかけて、主として日本海沿岸部に流通する。
- The products of Suzu-yaki Ware were supplied mainly in the coastal regions of Japan Sea, from Hokkaido to Kyoto.
- いずれにしても『甲陽軍鑑』が記載の長坂・跡部逃亡説は史実に反する)。
- In any case, the theory in 'Koyo Gunkan' (record of the military exploits of the Takeda family, compiled by one of the Takeda vassals, and completed in 1616 by Kagenori OBATA) that claims that Nagasaka and Atobe escaped violates a historical fact).
- 沿海部に水軍万戸を設定、それを統制する役所として水軍万戸府をおいた。
- The Yi dynasty established a suigun banko system in the coastal areas and set the suigun banko agency to administer the system.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)から戦国時代_(日本)まで内部紛争を繰り返した。
- The clan was subject to repeated internal conflicts from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Warring States period (Japan).
- 1968年後期の寮自治会委員長として学生部封鎖や総長団交を推進した。
- He was the chairman of the dormitory council in the latter half of 1968 and spearheaded a blockade of the office of the student affairs department as well as negotiations with the president of the university.
- 市東部は大淀町にある近鉄吉野線福神駅・大阿太駅を利用することが多い。
- In the eastern part of the city, many people use Fukugami Station, Oada Station of the Kintetsu Yoshino Line located in Oyodo Town.
- 愛宕山 (舞鶴市西舞鶴) - 京都府舞鶴市の西舞鶴市街地西部にある。
- Atago-san (Nishimaizuru, Maizuru City) - It is located on the western side of the urban area of Nishimaizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- また、古都奈良の文化財の一部として日本の世界遺産にも指定されている。
- In addition, Kasugayama Primeval Forest, as a part of ancient Nara, is designated as a world heritage in Japan.
- 「その他」のうち、北寝小屋町から治部町までは旧・景勝村に属した町名。
- The town names from Kita Nekoya-cho to Jibu-cho in 'Others' belonged to the former Kagekatsu village.
- 旧葛野郡梅ケ畑村は、昭和6年京都市に編入され、右京区の一部となった。
- The former Umegahata village, Kadono County, was integrated into Kyoto City in 1931, and became a part of the Ukyo Ward.
- 後にそれぞれの省に人事局恩賞課が置かれた他、功績調査部なども置かれた。
- Subsequently, each ministry created a reward section under the Bureau of Personnel alongside the Achievement Appraisal Department.
- これは備のみならずそれより上位・下位の部隊・役職総てに言える事である。
- This applies not only to sonae, but also to the troops above and below it, as well as all the positions.
- 1926年1月15日:各府県警察部特高課を動員し全国の社研会員を検挙。
- January 15, 1926: Special High Police Division of each prefecture was mobilized to arrest Shaken members nationwide.
- 前任者は、解由状を式部省へ提出して初めて、次の官職に就くことができた。
- Only after submitting a geyujo to Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonies), is the former officer able to assume the next official position.
- こうして領主は所領の一部に全収穫を収取しうる田地佃を形成したのである。
- In this way, the feudal lord made rice fields from which they could collect all the crops, i.e., the tsukuda, within their territory.
- そのため、特に「国郡部」を見る際に「元和古活字本」とともに参照される。
- Therefore, this book is used together with 'Genna kokatsuji-bon,' especially when referring to the 'province/county category.'
- 海岸部を国道134号が通過している(演習場時代は北側を迂回していた)。
- National Route 134 passes the seashore area (it was detoured through the north side in the days of the maneuvering range).
- またこの時期、根来・雑賀衆は四国の長宗我部氏とも連絡を取り合っていた。
- In addition, Negoro and Saiga shu communicated with the Chosokabe clan in the Shikoku region around this time.
- 地侍らは境内都市根来の富力を背景に和泉南部へと勢力圏を拡大していった。
- Jizamurai had expanded their spheres of influence to the southern part of the Izumi Province with a background of the financial power of Keidai toshi Negoro.
- 元は国司が有していた令制国内部の国務に関する権限を継承したものである。
- Shomu was originally derived from the authority held by kokuji (provincial governors) who exercised it to administer the matters regarding the ryoseikoku (province).
- 京阪奈丘陵の一部は関西文化学術研究都市の奈良県域として開発されている。
- A part of Keihanna-kyuryo Hills is being developed as an area of Kansai Science City which belongs to Nara Prefecture.
- 2005年(平成17年)9月25日、市町村合併で五條市の一部になった。
- On September 25, 2005, Ano became a part of Gojo City as the result of a municipal merger.
- 京都市中心部から東山 (京都府)を越えた東、滋賀県との県境に位置する。
- Yamashina Ward is located on the east side of Higashiyama Ward (Kyoto Prefecture), on the prefecture's border with Shiga.
- なおかつ軍の後方に位置しながらも敵軍に襲われる可能性が高い部隊であった。
- Even though a Konidatai troop was positioned at the rear of the army, there was a high possibility that it would be attacked by the enemy.
- このため、さらに万全を期すために、校舎内部の奉安所は金庫型へ改められた。
- Therefore, aiming at a more perfect system, Hoan-sho established inside the schoolhouse was reformed to a strongbox style.
- 現に事情が変われば瞬く間に内部分裂が起こり、織田信長と対立して敗北した。
- In fact, a change in the circumstances triggered internal dissension, whereby the powers confronted Nobunaga ODA and they were defeated by him.
- 山間部の集落においては、平家の落人にまつわる伝承が残っていることが多い。
- In not a few communities in mountainous areas, episodes related to ochudo of the Taira family have been handed down for generations and still remain.
- 師団司令部ならびに一部の隷下部隊・施設は京都市伏見区内に設置されていた。
- Some of the soldier units and facilities were located in Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City beside the headquarters for the division commander.
- 陸続きの部分に三の丸を配し、二の丸・北の丸・本丸が琵琶湖に突出していた。
- While the Sannomaru (outer part of the castle) was situated inland, the Ninomaru (second bailey), the Kita-no-maru (north compartment of the castle), and the Honmaru (the keep of a castle) were built over and into the water.
- 義久も出陣し、財部城(鹿児島県財部)を攻めたが落とすことはできなかった。
- Yoshihisa also went into battle and attacked Takarabe-jo Castle (Takarabe, Kagoshima Prefecture) but couldn't capture it.
- 元は1281年(弘安4)夏に再度、九州北部を中心に日本への侵略を試みた。
- The Yuan Dynasty again attempted to invade Japan, concentrating their forces on northern Kyushu, in the summer of 1281.
- 前者は部首別に分類された漢字の読みや意味を出典とともに掲げたものである。
- The former listed readings or meanings of Kanji (Chinese characters) classified by radical index with original sources.
- 他方は本丸部、正方形の北に北御門があり、二の丸主要部に直ぐに通じていた。
- The square-shaped Honmaru had the Kitamikado (north gate) on its north side, and it was directly connected to the main area of the Ninomaru.
- 正方形部の北東側の部分は北御門より大手御門までの間に御長屋になっていた。
- Onnagaya (long ridges consisting of dwelling units connected horizontally) continued from the Kitamikado to the Otte-mon Gate at the northeast part of the square shaped main area.
- ウンシュウミカンの生産地としても有名で、山間部では蜜柑の生産農家が多い。
- Sakurai is also famous as a place for producing satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) and a lot of farms produce satsuma mandarin in the mountain area.
- 桜井駅 (奈良県)(近鉄大阪線・JR桜井線)からも一部、バスの便がある。
- There are some bus services from Sakurai Station (Nara Prefecture) (Kintetsu Osaka Line/JR Sakurai Line).
- 同じごろ、太平洋中部の洋上でも高気圧が勢力を増し、範囲を西に広げてくる。
- Around the same time, also on the sea in the middle of Pacific Ocean, an anticyclone increases its strength and enlarges its area to the west.
- 現在は旅館9軒、民宿2軒、外湯1軒で利用されている(一部の旅館は鉱泉)。
- At present, there are nine hotels, two minshuku (private home that runs inn providing room and board) and one sotoyu (an external hot spring bath) which utilize the hot spring (two among them are mineral spring).
- うち西九条地区は、昭和30年の南区成立後はその大部分が同区に属している。
- Most of Nishikujo district has belonged to Minami Ward since 1955 when the ward was established.
- 要するに内部での調整は不可能、クジ引で決めるしかなかったということである。
- In other words, adjustment within was impossible and had to be decided by lottery.
- しかし、これらの寺社統制策は教団内部の反発を買い、寺社では内紛が頻発する。
- However, such plans to regulate temples and shrines revolted religious communities; internal conflicts occurred frequently within the temples and shrines.
- 斜面や崖に張り出して造られ、床の一部が長い柱で支えられた建物を懸造と呼ぶ。
- Kake-zukuri (overhang method of construction) is a style of a building that was constructed on a slope or cliff, and part of its floor was supported by a long pole.
- その火の夕方には二条城の本丸が炎上し、続いて洛中北部の御所にも燃え移った。
- On that evening, the inner citadel of Nijo Castle went up in flames before the fire spread to the Imperial Palace in the northern part of central Kyoto.
- 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指導などをふまえ、新たな制度を確立されていく。
- The new school system was established under the guidance of the GHQ (General Headquarters of the Allied Forces) and so forth.
- 結果、立命館をはじめ京大以外の関西圏大学法学部の発展を促すことにもなった。
- In the end, it led to the development of law faculties within the Kansai area other than Kyoto University such as Ritsumeikan.
- 又、密集隊形を採らずに各部隊を一列横隊(場合によっては二列)ごとに並べる。
- In addition, each troop was lined up in a row (two rows in some cases) instead of taking a densely packed formation.
- 筑紫(現在の福岡県西部)の外交施設の原型は魏志倭人伝の時代に遡るとされる。
- The model of this diplomatic facility in Tsukushi (now the west of Fukuoka Prefecture) is assumed to originate in the period that the first written record of Japan's commerce was written.
- しかし府連が文化厚生会館の占拠を続けたため、部落問題研究所が再審査を請求。
- However, since the Kyoto Federation kept occupying the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall, the Institute of Buraku Problem requested a reexamination.
- その要因のひとつとして、その政権内部が強固に確立されていたからだと言える。
- This is partly because the foundation for the government was firmly established.
- 震源は、北緯35度37.9分、東経134度55.8分の京都府丹後半島北部。
- The epicenter of seismic activity for the quake was in the northern Tango Peninsula, Kyoto Prefecture, at the latitude of 35 degrees, 37.9 minutes north, and the longitude of 134 degrees, 55.8 degrees east.
- 高梨氏(たかなしし)は、信濃国北部(高井郡・水内郡)に割拠した武家の氏族。
- The Takanashi clan was a samurai family that dominated the north of Shinano Province (Takai and Minochi counties).
- が、豊臣軍は宮部継潤らを中心にした1万の軍勢が空堀や板塀などを用いて堅守。
- But the Toyotomi army with 10,000 soldiers led by Keijun MIYABE, persistently protected the site utilizing karabori (dry moat) and a board fence.
- また、五条駅と新宮駅を結ぶ五新線の建設計画が存在し、一部工事が進められた。
- Further, there used to be a plan to construct Goshin Line connecting Gojo Station with Shingu Station, and a part of the construction was executed.
- 次に梅雨前線は華北・東北部に北上し、8月中旬・下旬を境に再び南下を始める。
- Then, the baiu front moves up to the north to North China and the north-eastern district and, with the middle and end of August as the border, it begins to move down to the south.
- 山名は、中腹部にブナの木が多く生えていることに由来していると言われている。
- It is said that the name of this mountain originates from many beech trees that grow in the mountainside.
- 気候は盆地部より比較的冷涼・寒冷で夏季は過ごしやすく、冬季は厳寒を極める。
- The climate there is rather cold in comparison with the basin area, accordingly it is comfortable in summer, while it is terribly cold in winter.
- 昭和4年(1929年)に上京区・下京区の各一部をもって新設された区である。
- Nakagyo Ward is a newly established ward by combining parts of Kamigyo Ward and Shimogyo Ward respectively in 1929.
- 一乗寺は播磨国北東の山間部に所在し、多くの堂塔が重要文化財に指定されている。
- Ichijo-ji Temple is located in mountains in the northeast of Harima Province, and many temple buildings have been designated as important cultural properties.
- このことは第二次世界大戦後の京大法学部の再建に大きな影を落としたといわれる。
- This is said to have cast a dark shadow upon the rebuilding of the Faculty of Law in Kyoto University after World War II.
- 備(そなえ)は、戦国時代 (日本)から江戸時代において戦時に編成された部隊。
- Sonae is a military unit organized during the wartime between the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan) and the Edo period.
- また和泉式部のように夫の官職(和泉国守)と父の官職(式部大丞)をあわせる例。
- Moreover, Izumi Shikibu was made from her husband's title, governor of Izumi Province and her father's title, shikibu taijo.
- 大久保忠隣や本多正純のように幕府内部の権力闘争に敗れて改易された大名もいた。
- Furthermore, there were Daimyo such as Tadachika OKUBO and Masazumi HONDA who were subject to kaieki because they lost the power struggle inside the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 『丹後国風土記』(たんごのくにふどき)は、丹後国(今の京都府北部)の風土記。
- 'Tango no kuni Fudoki' (The records of Tango Province) is a record of Tango Province (now the northern part of Kyoto Prefecture).
- この築堤工事の途中、甲賀衆の担当部分が崩れたため、甲賀衆が改易流罪となった。
- In the middle of this construction of the bank, the part under Kogashu's responsibility broke, so that Kogashu was punished with Kaieki (forfeit rank of Samurai and properties) and exile.
- 原本は存在せず、複数の写本が残されているが題名や一部内容が異なるものがある。
- The original book is non existent, and although some manuscripts are existing, their book titles or contents are different.
- 大津城攻防戦で戦禍を免れた建築物の一部は、彦根城、膳所城に転用、移築された。
- Some parts of Otsu-jo Castle which escaped damage in the battle over the castle were transferred to Hikone-jo Castle and Zeze-jo Castle.
- 大阪都心部に直通する鉄道路線を持つ隣の橋本市、大淀町に比べて交通の便が悪い。
- It is less convenient for transportation compared with neighboring Hashimoto City, Oyodo Town which have railroads bound directly for the heart of Osaka.
- 現在は南部に比べて宅地開発などが遅れており、「南北格差」を主張する声がある。
- The southern part is more advanced than the northern part in housing-land development, and some say there is 'a gap between North and South.'
- 日本でも高度経済成長期まで、大都市の都市部では第二次産業人口が最も多かった。
- Also up until Japan's period of high economic growth, the population engaged in the secondary industries was largest in the urban areas of large cities.
- 果無集落を通り抜け、集落のすぐ上部で西国三十三箇所第三十番の観音像に出会う。
- The road passes through Hatenashi Village and immediately above the village it reaches the 30th Kannon-zo (a statue of Kannon) of Saigoku Sanjusan-sho.
- かつては東山区の一部であったが、昭和51年(1976年)に同区から分区した。
- It was once part of Higashiyama Ward, but split off from the ward in 1976.
- ただし、判示部分の意味については、争いがあり、主に以下の2つの見解が存在した。
- However, the judgment caused arguments mainly with the two opinions as follows.
- この混乱によってデモ隊は、4列縦隊を崩し、道路の中央部分を進行する形となった。
- In the confusion the demonstration march was not in fours and moved forward in the center of the street.
- 889年(寛平元年)、強盗首物部氏永(もののべのうじなが)等が蜂起し発生した。
- In 889, MONONOBE no Nagauji, the head of a group of bandits, and others started the war.
- 惣掟(そうおきて)は、中世日本において、百姓らが自主的に定めた惣村内部の法令。
- So-okite was a statute defined independently by peasants within a soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) in medieval Japan.
- 翌5月には齋藤内閣の鳩山一郎文部大臣が小西重直京大総長に滝川の罷免を要求した。
- In May of the following year, Ichiro HATOYAMA, Minister of Education in the Saito Cabinet made a demand to Shigenao KONISHI, Dean of Kyoto University, to fire Takigawa.
- 無論、備単位で作戦行動が行われる事もあるので総てが一手部隊に属する訳ではない。
- Of course, in some cases the tactical actions were executed by single sonae units, and not all of them necessarily belong to one te unit.
- 郡・郷・保・条の内部では、田堵負名や別名らが国衙への租税納入を請け負っていた。
- In the organization of such Gun, Go, Ho, and Jo, the tato fumyo or the bechimyo contracted for the payment of land tax to the kokuga.
- 1966年2月25日、部落問題研究所が京都地方裁判所に仮処分命令申請書を提出。
- On February 25, 1966, the Institute of Buraku Problem filed an application for a provisional disposition order to the Kyoto District Court.
- 9月に先遣隊の明将・解生と黒田長政の部隊が天安市で遭遇戦を行い双方が後退した。
- In September, advancing troops of kaisei, the commander of Ming and Nagamasa KURODA's army had an encounter in Cheonan City and both retreated.
- 筒川の里、日下部首等の先祖に姿容秀美の筒川嶼子という者、即ち水江浦島子がいた。
- A good-looking man, Tsutsukawa no Shimako, or Mizunoe Urashima no ko, who was an ancestor of KUSAKABE no Obito and others, lived in the region of Tsutsukawa no sato.
- 峰山海軍航空隊(みねやまかいぐんこうくうたい)は、大日本帝国海軍の部隊の一つ。
- The Mineyama Naval Air Squadron was one of the squadrons of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
- 採用に当たっては蜂田薬師・奈良薬師などの薬部や世習(3代続く家系)を優先した。
- And in their adoption, the court prioritized those from 'kusuri-be' (the hereditary occupational group on pharmacology), such as 'Hachida no Kusushi' and 'Nara no Kusushi,' and those from 'seshu' (the lineage engaged in medicine for three consecutive generations).
- 中部地方の勝坂式土器、新潟県で出土する馬高式土器などがその代表的なものである。
- The typical examples are Katsusaka-shiki doki (the Katsusaka-type earthen vessel) excavated in the Chubu region, and Umataka-shiki doki (the Umataka-type earthen vessel) excavated in Niigata Prefecture.
- また、造成当時に二の丸部分を貫いていた旧東街道は北に迂回するルートに遷された。
- Also, the former Tokai-do Road that was running though the site before the castle was built was redirected so as to go around the north side.
- なお、山間部の集落では過疎化が著しく、麓の市街地とは対照的な表情を見せている。
- Settlements in the mountain area have serious depopulation problems, which makes a contrast with the situation of downtowns at the foot of mountains.
- 朝鮮半島南部では、6月下旬ごろから7月下旬ごろに韓国の一部が長雨の時期となる。
- With respect to the southern part of Korean Peninsula, the period of long rain begins in a part of the Republic of Korea between the end of June and the end of July.
- これら丘陵地の一部には天野川や木津川 (京都府)など淀川水系に注ぐ河川もある。
- A part of these hills includes rivers flowing into Yodo-gawa Water System such as Amano-gawa River and Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture).
- イワナは冷涼な水系を好む種であり、十津川水系上流部は南限にあたると考えられる。
- Japanese char likes cold water and the upstream part of Totsu-kawa River is considered to be the southern limit of its habitat.
- 平野部の残丘であるため標高の割には目立ち、琵琶湖をはさんだ湖西からでも望める。
- Being a monadnock, the mountain stands prominently in the region despite its relatively low altitude and can be viewed from across Lake Biwa from the west bank.
- (昭和4年合併)上・下風呂屋→風呂屋町、上・下南部→南部町、北・南久米→久米町
- (Merged in 1929) Kamifuroya and Shimofuroya => Furoya-machi, Kaminanbu and Shimonanbu => Nanbu-cho, Kita Kume and Minami Kume => Kume-cho
- 紀伊郡深草町は、昭和6年(1931年)京都市に編入され、伏見区の一部となった。
- Fukakusa town, Kii County was integrated into Kyoto City in 1931 and became a part of Fushimi Ward.
- 宇治郡醍醐村は、昭和6年(1931年)京都市に編入され、伏見区の一部となった。
- Daigo village, Uji County was integrated into Kyoto City and became a part of Fushimi Ward in 1931.
- 区の南部には宇治市、久御山町にまたがって旧巨椋池(おぐらいけ)干拓地が広がる。
- In the southern part of the ward stretches Ogura-ike Reclaimed Land extending over Uji City and the town of Kumiyama-cho.
- 紀伊郡堀内村は、昭和6年(1931年)京都市に編入され、伏見区の一部となった。
- Horiuchi village, Kii County was integrated into Kyoto City and became a part of Fushimi Ward in 1931.
- 大正7年(1918年)には愛宕郡及び葛野郡(かどのぐん)の一部の村を編入した。
- In 1918, Otagi County and villages which had been a part of Kadono County were integrated into Kamigyo Ward.
- そのため、平家は人口が少ないところや山間部や谷間など人がよりがたい所に里を築く。
- The Taira family constructed villages in inaccessible areas such as sparsely populated areas, mountain areas or ravines.
- 寺社や天皇陵などの歴史遺産が豊富にある京都市北西部地域の住民・大学が中心の団体。
- The main members of the conference are residents and academics from universities in the north-western part of Kyoto City where there are a large number of historical heritage sites, such as temples, shrines, and Emperor tombs.
- 国一揆が形成される要因のひとつとして外部からの政治的圧力の介入などが挙げられる。
- One factor causing an uprising in a province was interference by political pressure from outside.
- また、国史(担当は内記)は占文部分は重大な機密として記録しないものとされていた。
- It was decided that since the prediction was a top secret, it should be excluded from the record of national history (under the command of naiki - secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs).)
- その結果、生活基盤が崩壊する賎民が続出して部落差別問題の深刻化の一因ともなった。
- As a result, there occurred the collapse of livelihood for many Senmin, thus contributing to the deepening of the Buraku discrimination problem.
- 横山城(よこやまじょう)は近江国坂田郡(滋賀県長浜市堀部町・石田町)にあった城。
- Yokoyama-jo Castle was located in Sakata County, Omi Province (the present-day Horibe and Ishida-cho, Nagahama City, Shiga Prefecture).
- 同日土橋平丞は長宗我部元親を頼って船で土佐へ逃亡し、湊衆も船で脱出しようとした。
- On the same day, Heinojo DOBASHI escaped to Tosa Province by ship, relying on Motochika CHOSOKABE, and Minato shu also tried to escape by ship.
- その中で京都の中村水竹や安部井櫟堂はともに天皇御璽や国璽日本の国璽を刻している。
- Suichiku NAKAMURA and Rekido ABEI of the school, in Kyoto, engraved the seals of the Emperor and the nation.
- 古い時代から海上交通の比重が高く、沿岸部では海の船上生活に慣れた海民が活躍した。
- Because of this, in Korea marine traffic played an important role in the transportation from ancient times, and in the coastal areas kaimin (people of the sea) who were used to life at sea flourished.
- 次男:源義綱の五男の源義仲 (曖昧さ回避)の孫という源盛俊は石橋氏・服部氏の祖。
- The second son: MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna is the father of MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, the fifth son, whose grandchild, MINAMOTO no Moritoshi is the founder of the Ishibashi clan and the Hattori clan.
- この山は第三紀に噴出した火山岩が侵食されてその一部のみが残存した侵食地形である。
- This mountain is an erosion landform, a part of a volcanic rock, which had been eructated in Tertiary period, remained after erosion.
- 「安朱東谷」「大塚大岩」のように、末尾に「町」字を付さない町名が一部に存在する。
- There are some towns that have no letter of '町' (read as 'cho', meaning town) on the end such as 'Anshu Higashidani' and 'Otsuka Oiwa.'
- 区域はかつての紀伊郡、宇治郡を中心に西部には乙訓郡、久世郡、綴喜郡の一部を含む。
- It includes the former Kii and Uji counties in the center and a part of the former Otokuni, Kuse and Tsuzuki counties in the west.
- 昭和4年(1929年)に上京区の一部は新設の中京区、東山区、左京区に分離された。
- In 1929, a part of Kamigyo Ward was split into the newly created Nakagyo Ward, Higashiyama Ward, and Sakyo Ward.
- 図書寮本の成立した当時、「いさぎよし」の「いさ」の部分を高く発音したことが分かる。
- The implication is that the syllable 'いさ' (also written as イサ) of 'いさぎよし' (also written as イサギヨシ) was pronounced with high pitch when the Zushoryo manuscript was compiled.
- 写本は他に宮内庁書陵部蔵本、京都府立総合資料館蔵本と京都大学附属図書館蔵本がある。
- Other than the above, a transcript possessed by the Imperial Household Archives, a transcript possessed by the Kyoto Prefectural Library and Archives, and a transcript possessed by The Kyoto University Library are existent.
- 現存しているのは935年~1153年のうち一部であるが、同時代の重要な史料である。
- The existing documents belong to a part that records the years between 935 and 1153, and are considered important historical documents of the period.
- 江戸時代には、逃散した百姓が都市部へ出て、安い賃金で生活することが一般に見られた。
- During the Edo period, many chosan peasants generally left for urban areas where they lived on low wages.
- 1960年代前半、部落解放同盟中央は、共産党系幹部主導による運動が進められてきた。
- In the early 1960s, led by the Japanese Communist Party leaning executives, the Buraku Liberation League Headquarter was promoting movement.
- そして朝田は、三木、塚本を田中支部から除名するも、府連執行委員会はこれを否決する。
- Then Asada expelled Miki and Tsukamoto from the Tanaka Branch but the Kyoto Federation executive committee rejected it.
- 氏政は小仏峠や御坂峠など相甲国境に先鋒を派遣した後、2月下旬に駿河東部に攻め入る。
- After dispatching the spearhead to Kobotoke-toge Pass and Misaka-toge Pass which were located at the border between Sagami Province and Kai Province, Ujimasa invaded the eastern part of Suruga near the end of February.
- 事実、内部にあっては、四方に色彩豊かに描かれた肖像たちが壁全面を覆い尽くしている。
- Actually, regarding the inside of the tower, many colorful paintings covered the whole wall in all directions.
- 不輸の権(ふゆのけん)とは、荘園が国家への租税の一部またはすべてが免除される権利。
- Fuyu no ken (the right of tax exemption) was the right of shoen (manor in medieval Japan) to be exempted from all or part of the land tax to be paid to the government.
- その一方で一部に誤りが見られるものの、簡略平易な解説書として後世まで参考にされた。
- Although some mistakes are seen in this book, it was referred by posterity as a simple and easy-to-understand instruction manual.
- これに反発した成徳・天雄・平盧・山南東道(陝西東部)の梁祟義が連合して乱を起こす。
- Chongyi LIANG from Chengde, Tenyu, Pinglu and Shannan East (eastern part of Shaanxi) who was dissatisfied with this treatment formed an alliance and started a rebellion.
- 佐々木惣一、大石義雄、阿部照哉、佐藤幸治 (憲法学者)らを中心とした憲法学の学派。
- The school for Study of the Constitution centered on Soichi SASAKI, Yoshio OISHI, Teruya ABE, Koji SATO (constitutional scholars), and others.
- 本丸部分で発掘された遺構は、礎石の規模や配列から推察して、邸宅遺構の可能性が強い。
- There is a strong possibility that, inferring from the scale and placement of the foundation stones, the remnant excavated in the hon maru (the keep of a castle) area is a residential remnant.
- この戦で伊予における最大拠点を失った長宗我部氏はその後各地で敗戦し毛利軍に屈した。
- The Chosokabe clan, which lost its most important base in Iyo Province as a result of the battle, continued to suffer defeats in various places, and finally surrendered to the Mori army.
- 江戸時代の幕藩体制において朝廷は政治的に規制され、朝廷内部の運営に制限されていた。
- Under the Shogunate system during the Edo Period, the political power of the Imperial Court was restricted and it was confined to the management of the Court.
- 1952年に「スターリンを殺せ、再軍備賛成」と主張して京大弁論部を除名させられた。
- He was dismissed from the debating club of Kyoto University in 1952 because of his remarks saying 'Kill Stalin, Agree Rearmament.'
- 市西部は和歌山県橋本市にある南海高野線橋本駅・林間田園都市駅を利用することが多い。
- In the western part of the city, many people use Hashimoto Station, Rinkandenentoshi Station of the Nankai Koya Line located in Hashimoto City, Wakayama Prefecture.
- 内部には、お白洲があり裁判が行われ、罪人を閉じこめた部屋(いぶし牢)も残っている。
- Inside the house, there remains a court of law and a room for locking up criminals (ibushiro jail).
- その他の地域から見れば1km四方の温泉街が同一視されるのはやむを得ない部分もある。
- However, it is partly unavoidable that the resort area is mixed up with the red-light area by the people living in the other areas of Japan, because they are located within 1 square kilometer.
- また、登録されたルートでも、大辺路・伊勢路の大部分は国道42号線に吸収されている。
- Even in terms of routes which have been registered, most of Ohechi and Ise-ji Routes are taken by National Route 42.
- 伏見区の中心部は、豊臣秀吉が築いた伏見城の城下町であり、近世から町地化されていた。
- The central part of Fushimi Ward was the castle town of Fushimi-jo Castle constructed by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and has been urbanized since the early-modern times.
- 大字御室は大部分が「御室」を冠称する5町に編成され、残余は大字御室として残された。
- The Oaza Omuro was mostly reorganized into five towns which were prefixed by the name of 'Omuro,' and the rest were left as Oaza Omuro.
- 昭和4年(1929年)、下京区の一部区域は新設の中京区及び東山区の各一部となった。
- In 1929, a part of Shimogyo Ward was incorporated into newly established Nakagyo and Higashiyama Wards.
- その意味では摂関時代の「ミウチ」の世界が、まだ一部には残っていたという見方も出来る。
- In other words, the world of 'relatives' of the period of regents partially remained.
- 本書は、重明親王の極官が式部卿であったため、式部の唐名「吏部」に因んで名付けられた。
- The name of the diary derives from 'riho,' the Chinese equivalent of Shikibu, which was the highest position (Shikibukyo [Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial]) that Imperial Prince Sigeakira held in the court during his lifetime.
- 鎌倉市浄明寺の釈迦堂谷奥山頂部には釈迦堂奥やぐら群と称する多数のやぐら群が存在した。
- On the mountaintop (the back of the valley) where Shaka-do Hall of Jomyo-ji Temple stands (in present day Kamakura City), there were many groups of caves, called Shaka-do oku Yagura-gun.
- この間、部落問題研究所の東上高志たちが朝田らを建造物侵入と威力業務妨害の容疑で告訴。
- During this, Takashi TOJO and others from the Institute of Buraku Problem brought an accusation against Asada and others of burglary and forcible obstruction of business.
- 三刀屋孝扶の子扶明は、名字を三刀屋から本姓の諏訪部氏に戻し、三刀屋氏は終焉を迎えた。
- Sukeaki, son of Takasuke MITOYA, returned his family name to the original Suwabe, which was the end of the Mitoya clan.
- また、釜山から漢城までの輸送路がゲリラ攻撃されると内陸部では兵糧備蓄の不安が起きた。
- In addition, as the transportation route from Busan to Hansong was attacked using guerrilla tactics, inland bases became concerned about their emergency provisions.
- 駅前の一部以外を除いてほとんどが風致地区であり、建築には厳しい制限がかけられている。
- Except some areas in front of the station, almost all the areas in Asuka-mura are scenic areas and strict restrictions are imposed on construction.
- 中国大陸部や台湾では「梅雨」(メイユー)、韓国では「장마」(チャンマ・長霖)という。
- In mainland China and Taiwan, it is called '梅雨' (pronounced as 'mei-yu') and, in Korea, '장마' (pronounced as 'chan-ma' and written as '長霖' in Chinese characters).
- 民部省は太政官より大粮支給許可の太政官符を受けて、各省を通じて翌月分の大粮を支給した。
- The Minbusho received a Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) permitting the payment of Tairo and supplied the Tairo for the next month to each ministry.
- これらの現存部分は、筆者の平知信が兵部少輔から兵部権大輔を経て少納言に任命された時期。
- These existing sections were written when TAIRA no Tomonobu was assigned as a lesser councilor of state after served as Hyobu shoyu (junior assistant minister of the Hyobusho Ministry of War) and Hyobu no Gon no Taifu (provisional senior assistant minister of Hyobusho Ministry of Military).
- また写本のうち「高山寺本」は、「国郡部」の後に古代律令制下の駅(うまや)を記してある。
- Of the manuscripts concerned, the 'Kozan-ji Temple book' includes descriptions of the names of inn-concentrated places along roads in the ancient ritsuryo code-based system, after those of the 'province/county category.'
- 8月28日に中富川にて決戦の火蓋が切られた(兵力は長宗我部23000、十河6000)。
- On September 24, they opened fire at the Nakatomi-gawa River (Chosokabe force 23000, Sogo force 6000).
- 同月末、織田方の岡田重孝らが学文路口の西尾山の砦を襲ったが部将二名を失って撃退される。
- At the end of March, Shigetaka OKADA and others of the Oda side attacked the fort of Mt. Nishio at Kamuro guchi, but they were defeated, losing two warriors.
- 日本において中世から近世の時代に、農村部などで商品生産の発展に伴って発生した町・集落。
- It was a town or settlement developed as commodity production grew in rural communities such as a farming village from the Medieval period to early Modern period in Japan.
- 現実の江戸時代の身分制度は未解明な部分が多く、今後の実証的な研究が待たれる面が大きい。
- The actual class system of the Edo period remains unclear in many respects and has yet to be studied more closely based on empirical data.
- 島国日本では隣国の朝鮮と同様に、古代から沿海部に居住する海民が水上兵力として活躍した。
- In Japan, which is an island nation, from ancient times kaimin who lived in the coastal area flourished as armed forces on the water as well as in Korea.
- そして、石垣の遺構が残る出丸部分を整備修復し、水口城資料館が平成3年11月に開館した。
- They repaired the Demaru where the structural remnants of the stonewalls remains, and the resource center of Minakuchi-jo Castle opened in November 1991.
- 滋賀県は中央部に広大な琵琶湖を持つために、湖を挟んだ地域同士で特徴が異なることが多い。
- Since Shiga Prefecture has vast Lake Biwa in the middle of it, the features vary according to different areas surrounding the lake.
- 熊野地方(三重県南部から和歌山県東牟婁郡まで)と並ぶ多雨地帯であり、台風銀座でもある。
- It is a rainy region comparable to the Kumano region (from the southern part of Mie Prefecture to Higashimuro County, Wakayama Prefecture) and, at the same time, a typhoon Ginza (an area where typhoons frequently pass).
- これを受けた各省は省単位で必要とする大粮総額を算定して民部省に対して請求の移を提出した。
- Receiving this, each ministry calculated the total Tairo as a ministry and submitted that bill to the Minbusho.
- この写本はに、土御門家から宮中に献上され、そのまま宮内庁書陵部に受け継がれたものである。
- This transcript was donated to the Imperial court by the Tsuchimikado family and was inherited by the Imperial Household Archives.
- 「早引」の名を冠するように素早く引くため部門別分類を完全に廃止し、仮名数引きを採用した。
- As the word, 'Hayabiki' (quick search) in the name suggests, it aimed to make looking-up words quicker by completely eliminating the classification by category and adopting search by the number of kana instead.
- 本所が、荘園に係る権利・利益の一部を他の貴族へ付与し、その貴族を領家ということもあった。
- In some cases, other nobility who were granted part of the rights and profits of honjo regarding shoen were called ryoke.
- In some cases, honjo gave the shoen-related rights or profit partially to other aristocrats and called these aristocrats ryoke.
- 一部は舂米(臼で搗いて脱穀した米)として、1月から8月30日までの間に、京へ運上された。
- A part of the rice was presented as tax to the capital in the style of shomai (rice made by pounding it in a mortar) during the period of January to August 30 (old calendar).
- そこで、惣村構成員が遵守すべき項目についても、内部法令として明文化されることが多かった。
- Then, provisions that a soson member should follow were also often stipulated as a domestic statute.
- 上記のような事情を鑑みると、その一揆観は一揆のごく一部の相を見て創られたものに過ぎない。
- Considering the above-mentioned circumstances, however, it appears that such a view of ikki is based on a particular aspect of ikki.
- やぐら群は昭和40年頃に宅地造成によって主要部が破壊されたが、一部は現存しているという。
- Major part of the group caves were destroyed for housing lots development around 1965, but some caves are said to exist even today.
- そこで、同詔によって、解由状の発行と式部省への提出を再徹底することが通達されたのである。
- Therefore, this mikotonori was issued to remind officers that they were responsible for issuing a geyujo and for submitting it to the Shikibu-sho.
- その夜根来寺は出火して炎上し、本堂、多宝塔(大塔)や南大門など一部を残して灰燼に帰した。
- On that night, Negoro-ji Temple was destroyed by fire except a part of it such as the Hondo (main hall), Tahoto pagoda (a 'multi-treasure' pagoda) (big pagoda) and Nandai-mon gate (great south gate).
- 雑賀惣国の範囲は海部郡 (和歌山県)から名草郡・那賀郡 (和歌山県)の一部にまで及んだ。
- The area of Saiga sokoku spread from Ama County (Wakayama Prefecture) to a part of Nagusa and Naga Counties (Wakayama Prefecture).
- 太平洋戦争中期に、逼迫する航空要員の大量育成を図るため、全国各地に訓練部隊が増設された。
- Training units were established throughout Japan half way through the war in the Pacific in order to meet the high demand for airmen.
- 前者に文部省・京都市が、後者に日教組が加担したことから、対立を深刻化させることになった。
- Since the Ministry of Education and Kyoto City took sides with the conservatives while the Japan Teachers Union did with the progressives, the conflict became serious.
- 古くからのあらゆる書を引用し、55部門に分類編集した千巻におよぶ一種の大百科全書である。
- Various books from the past were quoted, and compiled in 55 categories; a kind of encyclopedia constituting almost 1,000 books.
- 荘務に関する権限(すなわち荘園内部における行政・司法権)を荘務権(しょうむけん)と呼ぶ。
- The authority in regard to shomu is referred to as shomuken (the authority of the jurisdiction and the administration of shoen).
- しかし、坂本城跡の中心部で大規模な宅地開発が計画されたので、これに伴う調査を実施された。
- However, as a large scale housing development was planned right in the center of Sakamoto-jo castle, a survey was conducted with the developing plan.
- 8月12日、氏忠・氏勝勢10,000が家康の背後を襲うべく甲斐東部の郡内地方へ進撃した。
- On September 8, 10,000 soldiers led by Ujitada and Ujikatsu advanced to the Gunnai district in eastern Kai, in order to attack Ieyasu from behind.
- そのため、西~東日本太平洋沿岸部にかけていう場合が多く、北日本にはこの現象は見られない。
- Therefore this expression is usually used for the Pacific coastal area in west and east Japan and this phenomenon cannot be seen in north Japan.
- 市内中心部をカバーする各放送局の高梁中継局(一部の局は高梁松山中継局)が設置されている。
- Takahashi relay stations (partly for Takahashi-Matsuyama relay station) for various broadcasting companies that cover the central part of the city are located here.
- また、世界遺産登録後、観光客の殺到によって一部の遺産では荒廃が進んでいるとの指摘もある。
- Some people pointed out that some heritages have been further devastated due to rush of tourists since it was registered as world heritage.
- 現在の射水市東部・富山市西部にあたり、射水市海老江・堀岡地区から白石地区・戸破地区を含む。
- The manor was located in what is now the eastern part of Imizu City, including the Ebie, Horioka, Shiraishi and Hibari areas, and the western part of Toyama City.
- 公事の中でも人的な賦課の部分を夫役と呼んで、その他の公事(雑公事とも呼ばれる)と区別した。
- Kuji that were imposed on people were called buyaku, distinguishable from other kuji (also called zokuji).
- これは室町期に本文の後にあった付録が、本文上部の別欄にも載せられるようになったものである。
- Although the appendixes had been attached at the end of text in the Muromachi period, this style had them on the separate columns at the top of each page as well.
- 特に菅原道真の怨霊が天神信仰へと発展するに際し、仏教の論理により天部として位置づけられた。
- Especially, when the vindictive spirit of SUGAWARA no Michizane turned to Tenjin belief, he was regarded as Tenbu (deities who reside in a heavenly realm, one of six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another) according to Buddhistic logic.
- 昭和20年12月15日、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の神道指令のため、奉安殿は廃止となった。
- Hoan-den was abolished because of the Shinto Directive (direction for the separation of government and religion) issued by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) on December 15, 1945.
- 別当が総監し乳師長上に統轄された品部の乳戸が乳牛の飼育、牛乳の採取を行って皇室に供御した。
- The office's Betto (head) managed the office overall, while the Nyuko (dairy farmer) of the Shinabe (technicians) under the supervision of the Nyushichojo reared cattle, and cowsmilk was then selected and presented to the Imperial Family for their meals.
- それでも、百姓らは権利要求の手段として、逃散を行うこともあり、江戸などの都市部へ流入した。
- Nevertheless, there were cases of peasants using chosan as a means of demanding rights, and they flowed into to urban areas such as Edo.
- 後期倭寇は主に明国沿岸部で活動したが、朝鮮半島沿岸部も活発に襲撃し朝鮮王朝を苦しめている。
- The koki wako pirates were active mainly in the coastal areas of Ming, but they also frequently attacked the coastal areas of the Korean Peninsula and brought many troubles to the Korean Dynasty.
- また本陣備の場合、大名を護衛する騎馬隊は馬廻と呼ばれ、騎馬隊の中でも最精鋭の部隊であった。
- Moreover, in the case of army headquarters sonae, the cavalry guarding the daimyo was called umamawari (horse guards), and it was the most elite cadre within the cavalry.
- しかも元亀2年(1571年)には、布部山の戦いに敗れた幸盛が、吉川元春に捕らえられている。
- Moreover, Yukimori, who had been defeated in the Battle of Fubeyama, was captured by Motoharu KIKKAWA in 1571.
- 三重塔は、頂部の伏鉢(ふくばち)の銘より承安元年(1171年)の建造であることが判明した。
- The three-storey pagoda (stupa) was identified to be architecture from 1171 through the inscription on the top of fukubachi (inverted bowl-shaped part of a pagoda finial).
- そして自らの影響下にある京都市協議会名義で大会ごとに意見書を提出、本部批判の論陣を張った。
- Then, in the name of the Kyoto City Council, which was under the influence of Asada himself, he submitted a written opinion in each meeting and put out an argument to accuse the headquarter.
- 京都競馬倶楽部(きょうとけいばくらぶ)は、かつて競馬を施行していた団体で競馬倶楽部の一つ。
- The Kyoto Horse Racing Club was an organization which used to hold horse races.
- 中世の被差別民や近現代日本の被差別部落の直接的な起源であるとする説が存在するが議論がある。
- There is a theory that the origin of discrimination during the medieval period, as well as those living in special hamlets in modern Japan, lies in goshiki no sen; however, this fact is often debated.
- 絵本太閤記では、泗川城(泗川古城)を守備していたのは伊勢兵部少輔定正(貞昌)となっている。
- According to Ehon Taikoki, the one that defended Sacheon Waeseong (Old Sacheon Waeseong) was Sadamasa (his name was written as 定正 or 貞昌 with same pronunciation), who had the title of Ise Hyobu shoyu (junior assistant minister of the Hyobusho Ministry of War in Ise Province).
- 6月30日 舞鶴軍港・宮津湾・河辺飛行場に敵機動部隊艦載機襲来、銃爆撃で機体・施設に被害。
- June 30: An enemy task force of carrier-based planes attacked Maizuru Military Port, Miyazu Port and Kawabe Air Base, and planes and facilities suffered damages from the combat.
- 十河側の先鋒が川を渡り始めるや長宗我部勢はあらかじめ上流の川をせき止めておいた堰を切った。
- As soon as the van of the Sogo force crossed the river, the Chosokabe force broke the dam, which they already had built to stop the flow upstream.
- しかし、士農工商の言葉は部落差別を連想させるとして、現在は放送禁止用語として扱われている。
- The term shi-no-ko-sho is currently a word which is prohibited on radio and television because the term has been associated with buraku-sabetsu (contemporary discrimination against burakumin (people who come from or live in special hamlets)).
- しかし、近年、中国の一部にある柳スギがきわめて近縁、または同一種と考えられるようになった。
- However, in recent years it has been considered that Cryptomeria fortunei trees found in parts of China are very closely related to or are the same species as the Japanese cedar.
- 宮内省での最終試験に合格すると、太政官に挙送され、式部省での任用試験後に叙位任官を受けた。
- When they passed the final examination at the Imperial Household Agency, they were sent to 'Dajokan' (Grand Council of State), and after the examination at Shikibusho for appointment, they were conferred with ranks.
- しかし趙匡胤は前轍を踏まないために、宴の席で酒を飲みながら部下の節度使たちに引退を勧めた。
- However, in order not to repeat the mistakes of his predecessors, Zhao Kuangyin, as he drank wine at a banquet, persuaded the setsudoshi, who were his subordinates, to retire.
- 一方、太平真君4年に雍州とは別に山西省南部に「東雍州」が設けられたが、太和4年に廃された。
- In 443, on the other hand, independently from Yong Zhou, 'east Yong Zhou' was established in the south of Shanxi Province, but it was abolished in 480.
- 中国大陸部では各都市の気象台が、台湾では台湾気象局が梅雨入りと梅雨明けの発表を行っている。
- In the Mainlnad China, local meteorological observatory in each city and in Taiwan, Central Weather Bureau announce tsuyuiri and tsuyuake.
- もっとも風俗街の所在は雄琴港より南側のごく一部の地域であり、温泉街と混同されることはない。
- The location of the red-light area is limited to a small area on the south of Ogoto Port, thus it will not be mixed up with the resort area.
- 現在の大阪市の中心部、旧淀川にかかる天満橋から天神橋 (大阪府)の間くらいの位置にあった。
- Watanabe no tsu located at the center of current Osaka City, between the Tenma-bashi Bridge and the Tenjin-bashi Bridge over Kyu-Yodo-gawa River.
- このうち、上京第18 - 26学区と下京第1 - 6学区が現在の中京区の東半部に相当する。
- Of these, Kamigyo school districts Nos. 18 to 26 and Shimogyo school districts Nos. 1 to 6 are equivalent to the eastern half of the present-day Nakagyo Ward.
- 租を納める農民の個人負担によったが、後に民部省格式によって官による運送費の支給が定められる。
- The costs of milling and transport was paid by the farmer who paid So, but later the transport costs were paid by the government according to the Kyakushiki (regulations) of the Ministry of Popular Affairs.
- しかし、この分類変更の結果、「印度」は「ゐ」部に分類され、「い」部の最初は「乾」に変わった。
- However, due to the aforementioned change of classification, the word 'Indo' was moved to the section of 'ゐ,' losing its position as the first entry in the section of 'い' to another word, 'Inui.'
- 散逸した部には國學院大學教授の高田淳によれば、東宮、征討、地名、等5つの分類があったという。
- The lost part had five categories such as the crown prince, subjugation, and place-names according to Jun TAKADA, a professor at Kokugakuin University.
- 京大法学部の学生は教授会を支持し、全員が退学届けを提出するなど処分に抗議する運動を起こした。
- The students of the Faculty of Law in Kyoto University supported the board of professors and started a movement to protest the punishment by having all students submitting a leave from studies.
- しかし、九州帝国大学医学部教授の中山平次郎が、万葉集の記述などを検討し福岡城址説を提唱した。
- But Heijiro NAKAYAMA, the professor of the Medical Department of Kyushu Imperial University, advocated an opiion that the construction site of Korokan was the ruins of Fukuokajo Castle after examining records including Manyoshu.
- 巡査は警笛を鳴らして追跡したが、弾は巡査の左胸部に命中しており、まもなく力尽きて倒れこんだ。
- The constable blew his police whistle and ran after them, but soon collapsed to the ground as he had been shot in his left chest.
- 3月下旬に入ると豊臣秀長が日向に侵攻し、3月29日には日向北部の要衝である松尾城が陥落した。
- In the end of April, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI invaded Hyuga, and on May 6, he took control of Matsuo-jo Castle, which was a key strategic point in northern Hyuga.
- 5月5日 福岡の特攻要員と本隊要員の一部、霞ヶ浦海軍航空隊に転出、特攻訓練・戦備作業に従事。
- May 5: Those chosen for tokko (suicide) missions from Fukuoka and some members from the main unit were incorporated into the Kasumigaura Naval Air Squadron and began training for tokko suicide missions.
- 日高・牟婁郡の一部では依然抵抗が続いていたが、その他の地域はおおむね上方勢により制圧された。
- There were still some resistance in a part of the Hidaka and Muro Counties, but most of the other places were subdued by the Kamigata army.
- これは当時中国の沿岸部で跳梁していた倭寇と呼ばれる海賊勢力を遠ざける必要もあったためである。
- This is partly because the dynasty needed to drive away pirates called wako (Japanese pirates) that were rampant in the coastal areas of China.
- また北御門の西端、大手御門の南端には御門矢倉があり、出丸部の門番所もあわせ、城の警備とした。
- Also, there were Gomon Yagura (watchtowers by gates) at the western edge of the Kitamikado and at the southern edge of the Otte-mon Gate.
- 1517年、惟豊は日向の国人甲斐親宣らの助力を得て惟長父子に反撃し、本拠地矢部町を奪還する。
- In 1517, with the help of Chikanobu KAI who was the Hyuga local lord, Koretoyo counterattacked Korenaga and his son and regained the clan's home ground called Yabe Town.
- 旧大和国の内で、奈良盆地に当たる場所を国中(くんなか)、山間部を山中(さんちゅう)とも呼ぶ。
- The place in the old Yamato Province which corresponds to Nara Basin is also called Kunnaka, and the sankanbu (mountain-ringed region) is also called Sanchu.
- 宿泊客の送迎には「牛車タイプの送迎車」(前部に牛頭をあしらったマイクロバス)を使用している。
- Courtesy cars modeled after ox-drawn carriages,' a microbus with a painting of the head of an ox on the front part, is used to pick up guests.
- 選定地域内部とその周辺には、建築家ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズの設計した近代建築物も多い。
- In the inside of the selected district and its vicinity, there are many modern buildings designed by William Merrell Vories, architect.
- この時の区の領域は、現・右京区のうち旧・京北町域を除いた地域と、現・西京区の一部に相当する。
- The area at this time corresponded to a part which excludes the former Keihoku Town from the present Ukyo Ward and a part of the present Nishikyo Ward.
- 大字西院は一部が大正7年(1918年)に当時の下京区に編入された(当該区域は現在の中京区)。
- A part of Oaza Sanin was integrated into the Shimogyo Ward in 1918 (which corresponds to the present Nakagyo Ward).
- この三浦の乱は結局、朝鮮側の武力によって鎮圧され、三浦倭館は閉鎖されたが、後に一部再開された。
- The insurgence, called the Sanpo War, was eventually suppressed by the Korean army and Sanpo Wakan was closed, part of which was resumed afterward.
- 遣明船は本字号勘合を1号から順次持参し,浙江の布政司(行政府)と北京の礼部で底簿と照合される。
- The Japanese envoy ship dispatched to Ming China brought the Honjigo Kango in order from No.1, and they were compared with the Honji Kango teibo in the executive office in Zhejiang and the Ministry of Civil Administration in Beijing.
- 平和で安定したこの時代、知行高は、厳格な体系を持つ武士内部の身分指標の役割を持つようになった。
- During the Edo period when the society was peaceful and stabilized, chigyo-daka played the role of an index indicating the social status of a samurai within the samurai class where a strict system existed.
- これらの租税を中央へ納入する過程で、国司(受領)は租税の一部を私財化し巨富を得ていたとされる。
- It is believed that kokushi (zuryo) embezzled taxes through the process of paying it to the central government and obtained big profits.
- そこで荘官・地頭らは屋敷地の周辺の農地を屋敷地の一部と称して、自己の直営田に組み込んでいった。
- Therefore, shokan, jito, et al. started to have their own directly managed rice fields claiming the surrounding farmland as a part of their residential area.
- 山背国造・山代国造(やましろのくにのみやつこ・やましろこくぞう)は山城国南西部を支配した国造。
- Yamashiro no Kuni no Miyatsuko (also known as Yamashiro Kokuzo, written as 山背国造 or 山代国造) was a kuninomiyatsuko (provincial governor) who ruled the south-west part of Yamashiro Province.
- その後も4月には佐久間安政が河内見山(錦部郡)に進出し、8月には見山城を築いて活動拠点とした。
- After that, Yasumasa SAKUMA moved to Miyama (Nishigori County) of Kawachi Province in May and had Miyama-jo Castle built as the headquarter in September.
- しかし、源氏が平家を倒すと、勢力を回復し河内国南部(現在の大阪府河内長野市)に勢力を拡大した。
- However, after the victory of the Minamoto clan over the Taira family, it resumed its sway and expanded its power to the Southern area of Kawachi Province (Kawachinagano City, Osaka Prefecture).
- 3月27日 (旧暦)(5月18日)、戦線の膠着もあり秀吉は一部の軍勢を率いて長浜城へ帰還した。
- With the battle lines in a stalemate, Hideyoshi returned with part of his army to Nagahama-jo Castle on May 18.
- 内部には階層を貫く吹き抜けが造られ、地階に仏塔があったなどとする復元案(内藤晶案など)もある。
- Some restoration plans such as the one proposed by Akira NAITO suggest that a stairwell going through all floors was installed, as well as a Buddhist pagoda was erected in the basement.
- また、現在、「琵琶小路」と誤って呼ばれている第一小の前の道は、かつての「車大路」の一部である。
- In addition, the street running before DAIICHI Elementary School is now incorrectly called 'Biwa-koji Street' but, in fact, used to be a part of the 'Kuruma oji.'
- このころから、梅雨前線の東部ではオホーツク海気団と小笠原気団のせめぎあいの色が濃くなってくる。
- Around this time, in the eastern part of the baiu front, the Okhotsk air mass and the Ogasawara air mass frequently collide with each other.
- 前線が一部地域に残存してしまうような場合には、より北の地方の方が先に梅雨明けになる場合もある。
- If the front remains in certain region, tsuyuake occurs earlier in the area that is located to the north of such region.
- 鎌倉(かまくら)は、現在の鎌倉市の中心部に当たり、源頼朝によって鎌倉幕府が置かれた都市である。
- Kamakura, the central area of Kamakura City, is an urban town, in which MINAMOTO no Yoritomo established the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- それゆえ現在も、町の大半が江戸時代の姿を残しており、大部分は実際に住居としても使用されている。
- Therefore, much of the town still remains as it was in the Edo period, and most of the houses are being used for actual dwelling.
- 区の領域はその北方、高雄山、愛宕山 (京都市)などの山間部、さらに北の旧・京北町の区域も含む。
- The ward includes the mountainous areas such as Mt. Takao and Mt. Atago (Kyoto City), which is located north of the Uzumasa district, and also includes the area of the former Keihoku Town, which is located to the north.
- この動きは、初期荘園から寄進地系荘園(内部リンク「荘園」を参照)への移行を如実に表すものである。
- This movement clearly demonstrates the shift from early stage shoen to kishinchikei shoen (shoen that were originally donated by developers for the purpose of tax-exemption etc.) (refer to internal link 'Shoen').
- 本来、武士においては主君は家臣に対してその所領の一部を知行地として与える地方知行が基本であった。
- Samurai society was originally based on Jigatachigyo (feudal governments or domains providing land to retainers as salary), where lords would give a portion of their shoryo (territory) to vassals as their chigyo-chi.
- 特に明応の政変による幕府内部の混乱は幕府有力者達による山城国人衆への切り崩し工作となって現れた。
- The disorder within the bakufu brought by the Coup of Meio prompted the bakufu leaders to wipe out the local samurais of Yamashiro Province.
- これは倍田と言い、連作防止のためのもので、夫婦に与えられる土地は全部で120畝ということになる。
- These fields were called baiden (double fields) to prevent the same field from being used over consecutive years, and resultantly, a field of approx. 55.8 hectares were supplied to a pair of husband and wife.
- また朝鮮民衆の協力もあり、王都ソウル特別市や平壌を次々と占領するなど朝鮮領土の大部分を占領した。
- With the cooperation of the Korean people, the Japanese forces conquered most parts of Korea by conquering the capital, Seoul Special City, and Pyongyang.
- 文禄4年(1595年)に豊臣秀吉は豊臣秀次を謀反を企てたとの理由で切腹させ秀次の部下も粛正した。
- In 1595, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI accused Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI of raising a rebellion and made Hidetsugu commit suicide by disembowelment and punished Hidetsugu's vassals.
- 峰山から前進した飛神隊は出撃する機会がないまま終戦を迎えたが、卒業生の一部は実際に出撃している。
- The Hishin Squadron which advanced from Mineyama never had the opportunity to rally before the war ended but some of the graduates did take part in battles.
- これは反対に当時の村内部で重層的な階層が形成されていたことを示していると考えることも可能である。
- In other words, it can be said that multilayered classes were formed within a village in those days.
- セビリア万国博覧会に、「天主指図」を基に復元された安土城天主の一部(5・6階部分)が出展された。
- In 1992, a part of Azuchi-jo Castle tower (the fifth and sixth floors), which had been restored referring to 'Tenshu sashizu' (a blueprint of Azuchi-jo Castle keep), was exhibited at the World Exposition in Seville.
- その免田(荘田)の年貢や公事を自己の収入とし、国家に対しては租税の一部またはすべてが免除された。
- The nengu (annual tribute, land tax) on tax-exempt rice fields and kuji (public duties) were the sources of their incomes, and they were exempted from all or part of the land tax to be paid to the state.
- 鎌倉幕府の地奉行は、下部の役職である保奉行人とともに北条泰時によって整備されたと考えられている。
- It is considered that during the Kamakura period, Yasutoki HOJO appointed Jibugyo together with Hobugyonin (person who monitors and polices villains and street traders), a low-level position.
- 縄文時代は日本列島の美術が外部からの影響や情報にさらされず、独自の発展をとげた唯一の時代である。
- The Jomon period was the only period that Japanese art developed by itself without the influence and information from abroad.
- 一般的には盆地部の他に矢田丘陵・赤膚丘陵・京阪奈丘陵(奈良県域)・馬見丘陵などを含むことが多い。
- Generally speaking, the term 'Nara Basin' often refers to the area including Yata-kyuryo Hills, Akahada-kyuryo Hills, Keihanna-kyuryo Hills (in Nara Prefecture), and Umami-kyuryo Hills, etc. other than the basin region.
- 奈良盆地(ならぼんち)とは、日本の奈良県北西部に位置する標高100メートル以下の断層盆地を指す。
- Nara Basin is a fault basin which has an altitude of below 100 meters and is located in the northwestern area of Nara Prefecture in Japan.
- 一方京阪から遠い北部(彦根市・米原市・長浜市など)は京阪だけでなく北陸とも文化的に共通点を持つ。
- On the other hand, the northern part (including Hikone, Maibara and Nagahama Cities), which is distant from Kyoto or Osaka, has a lot in common culturally not only with Kyoto and Osaka but also with the Hokuriku region.
- 小辺路が越えて行くのは、これら紀伊山地の山々のうち伯母子山脈・果無山脈といった西部の山々である。
- Among those mountains of the Kii Mountains, Kohechi goes across the western mountains such as the Obako Mountain Range and the Hatenashi Mountain Range.
- 2004年(平成16年)7月、小辺路は世界遺産「紀伊山地の霊場と参詣道」の一部として登録された。
- In July, 2004, Kohechi was inscribed as a part of a World Heritage site 'holy places and pilgrimage routes in the Kii Mountains.'
- 遺産本体部分やその緩衝地帯、さらには(世界遺産には含まれないが)その周辺地域での損壊が絶えない。
- There are constant damages on the body of heritage, a buffer area, and even the area in the vicinity of the heritage (not included in the world heritage).
- すなわち、紀伊半島の中央部は、際立った高山こそないものの、どこまでも続く山々と谷に覆われている。
- The central part of Kii Peninsula has no visibly high mountains, but is covered in endlessly extending mountains and valleys.
- 物部村の中心部である大栃と土佐山田駅とを結ぶ路線バスがジェイアール四国バスにより運行されている。
- Public transit bus serving the route between Odochi in the center of the village and Tosayamada Station is operated by JR Shikoku Bus.
- 現在、防空壕の一部は京都大学防災研究所附属地震予知研究センター屯鶴峯観測所として使用されている。
- Currently, a part of air-raid shelter is used as Donzurubo Observatory of Research Center for Earthquake Prediction DPRI, Kyoto University.
- 区内には「鳴滝宇多野谷」「梅ケ畑向井山」のように、末尾に「町」字を付さない町名が一部に存在する。
- There are some towns which do not have the letters 'cho' (which means town) as a suffix such as 'Narutaki Uda no tani' and 'Umegahata Mukoyama.'
- これらは、山間部などで、昭和6年の町名成立時において当該区域内に人家が存在しなかったものである。
- These are the towns in the mountain areas where no one was living when Yamashinacho Town was established in 1931.
- These were mountainous regions where is uninhabited when the Ukyo town was established in 1931.
- These were mountainous areas inhabited when the town's names were established in 1931.
- The reason is that when these towns were named in 1931, there were no houses since they were located in the mountainous regions.
- 江戸時代中後期の社会変動によって、百姓内部での貧富の差が拡大していくようになる('農民層分解')。
- As a result of social changes in the middle and the later Edo period, the disparity between rich and poor in hyakusho became significant ('dissolution of the peasant class').
- 検田権は国衙の側にあり、官物徴収のため国検田使の入部も多く、給主の権利は国衙に対して不安定だった。
- Kendenken (right to survey land) belonged to Kokuga and Kokukendenshi (inspector) would often enter the fields to collect Kanmotsu and the rights of the Kyunushi to the Kokuga were often unstable.
- 延喜式においては、畿内と一部辺境・小国を除いた43ヶ国が負担対象とされ、その範囲は全国的であった。
- 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) states that the target was 43 provinces within the entire nation, excluding Kinai and some small fringe provinces.
- 奥書には、宮内庁書陵部蔵本が書写された年と同じに書写されたとあり、やはり書写した人物の署名はない。
- According to its okugaki, it was transcribed in the same year with the transcript possessed by the Imperial Household Archives, and it was also not signed by its writer.
- 4月9日頃、倭軍は兵の一部を対馬へ撤退させ、残りを薺浦へ終結させて盛親自ら講和交渉に臨もうとする。
- Around April 9, the Japanese Army withdrew a part of their troops to Tsushima while the remaining forces got together at Seiho, and Morichika himself attempted to have peace negotiations.
- また、中世は身分の流動性が非常に高く、五色の賤や近世部落のような固定化された世襲階級ではなかった。
- Furthermore, during the medieval period, social status was highly mobile, and these people were not confined within fixed hereditary classes, such as the five lowly castes of the ritsuryo system and buraku (communities of discriminated people) in the early-modern times.
- 1926年6月29日、岡田良平文部大臣はこの事件を受けて学生・生徒による社会科学研究の禁止を通達。
- In June 29, 1926, in light of this affair, Ryohei OKADA who was the Minister of Education issued prohibition against the study of Social Science by students.
- 近世初期に宣教師らが日本を訪れ、一部に西洋美術が知られるようになったが、その影響は局所的であった。
- At an early stage of the early modern ages, Christian missionaries came over to Japan, and Western art became known to some Japanese at that time, but its influence on Japanese art was quite limited.
- また十河氏・長宗我部氏にも豊後へ出陣させ大友氏と合流、島津氏の豊後侵攻軍と正面衝突することとなる。
- He also made the Sogo clan and the Chosokabe clan charge forward to Bungo, and they joined the Otomo clan against Shimazu's army sent to invade Bungo.
- 頼朝の軍は石橋山の戦い(神奈川県小田原市)では敗北して、いったん安房国(千葉県南部)へ引き下がる。
- Yoritomo's army was defeated in the Battle of Ishibashiyama (Odawara City Kanagawa Prefecture) and once retreated to Awa Province (the south of Chiba Prefecture).
- なお、さらに広く現在の横浜市南西部や藤沢市の一部を含めた地域は鎌倉郡と呼ばれた(1948年消滅)。
- In addition, a larger area that includes the southwestern part of Yokohama City and a part of Fujisawa City was called Kamakura-gun County (abolished in 1948).
- 日本海側で豪雨になりやすいのが、日本海南部に停滞する梅雨前線付近を低気圧が東に進むパターンである。
- The pattern in which low-pressure system advances to the east in the vicinity of the baiu front which is stationary in the south Japan Sea tends to cause torrential rain on the Japan Sea side.
- 琵琶湖の南部から八箇所の名所を選んだもので、瀟湘八景図(北宋時代成立)になぞらえて選定されている。
- The eight views are selected from the southern part of Biwa Lake, being modeled after Shosho Hakkei-zu (Eight views of the Xiao and the Xiang in China) (completed in the Northern Song Dynasty period).
- 天平神護2年(766年)、称徳天皇付きの女官吉備由利が発願し、西大寺四王堂に安置した一切経の一部。
- A part of Issai-kyo (complete collection of scriptures) which was prepared and enshrined in Shitendo of Saidai-ji Temple in 766 at the wish of KIBI no Yuri, who was a court lady serving the Empress Shotoku.
- 昭和59年(1984年)、東野井ノ上町の一部が東野北・中・南井ノ上町となり、現在は14町からなる。
- In 1984 a part of Higashino Inoue-cho was reorganized into Higashino Kita-inoue-cho, Naka-inoue-cho and Minami-inoue-cho; therefore, there are now fourteen towns in the district.
- 下京区の西部は、明治22年(1889年)の市制町村制施行時には葛野郡七条村及び同郡大内村であった。
- The western part of Shimogyo Ward was Ouchi village and Shichijo village in Kadono County when the Municipal Government Act was enforced in 1889.
- 本来は人頭税であった庸・調 (律令制)・出挙が、租と同じように地税化(雑徭の一部を含む)していった。
- Yo, Cho (from Ritsuryo system), and Suiko (government loans), which were formerly a per-capita tax, became a property tax (including parts of Zoyo, or irregular corvee) like So.
- 「党」とは呼ばれないまとまりのある「武士団」においても、そうした性格の一部はある程度は共通している。
- The unified 'bushidan' that was not called as 'to' also had similarities in some characteristics.
- ここで頼朝政権内部の状況にも目を向けると、平広常ら有力関東武士層には東国独立論が根強く存在していた。
- At this point, taking a look at the inside of the Yoritomo government, an argument about the independence of the Togoku region deeply rooted among the influential Kanto Samurai, such as TAIRA no Hirotsune.
- これは公家法の中心地である京都に中枢部を置いた室町幕府の建武式目では更にその傾向が強まることになる。
- This tendency was to be further increased in the Kenmu Code of the Muromachi bakufu which placed its center in Kyoto, the central place of the court noble law.
- 文章院の構造は中央部に講堂にあたる北堂が置かれ、左右に寄宿舎部分にあたる東曹・西曹が設置されていた。
- The Monjoin had the Hokudo which served as a lecture hall in the center, and toso and seiso which served as dormitories on both sides of the Hokudo.
- こうして日朝交易から締め出された勢力の一部は明人海商と結びつき、倭寇後期倭寇の一役を担うようになる。
- Thus some influential people who were excluded from the Japan-Korea trade began to have relations with maritime merchants of Ming, and they eventually took part in the koki wako (late wako).
- この時、必要とされる一手部隊に満たない人員しかいない場合は同様の小大名を複数編合する事で一手とした。
- In this case, if the number of personnel did not meet the required number for a te unit, then several similar lower-ranking daimyos were combined to create one te unit.
- 一手部隊の兵員数は概ね2000~5000人で構成されるが、これも備と同様に様々な条件により変動する。
- In most cases the number of members in one te squad was 2000 to 5000, but just as with sonae, the number changes depending on various conditions.
- まず輸送部門に関しては、はじめは廻船を差配する廻船問屋という稼業が酒屋とは別個に存在し営業していた。
- First, concerning the transportation sector, Kaisen donya (wholesaler in port), not sakaya, controlled cargo-vessels initially.
- 岩見隆夫(1958年卒・法学) 毎日新聞社で、政治部記者としてロッキード事件や日韓癒着の取材で活躍。
- Takao IWAMI (class of 1958, law): He was a political reporter for Mainichi Newspaper Co., Ltd., and took an active part in the report on the Lockheed scandal and a collusive relationship between Japan and Korea.
- このように南北朝時代に善光寺平北部地域一帯から越後の一部にまで及ぶ勢力拡大に成功した様子が伺われる。
- The Takanashi clan was successful in dominating the northern parts of Zenkojidaira and a part of Echigo during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- 最後には及川重秀(光村の子孫)や及川信次(頼家の子)のように、伊達氏や南部氏の家臣となるものも出た。
- Eventually, some of them became retainers of the DATE and NANBU clans, like Shigehide OIKAWA (an offspring of Mitsumura) or Nobutsugu OIKAWA (a son of Yoriie).
- 4月末、湯河直春は反攻に転じたため、これに対応するため四国征伐軍の一部が割かれ紀伊に差し向けられた。
- Since Naoharu YUKAWA began to counter at the end of May, a part of the army for the conquest of the Shikoku region was dispatched to the Kii Province.
- この一報に驚いた吉川元春は弟の毛利元康を出兵させ、多数の支援部隊を送り込んでただちにこれを回復した。
- Surprised to hear about this, Motoharu KIKKAWA made his brother, Motoyasu MORI, dispatch a great number of support troops, and promptly recovered the castle.
- 江戸時代の『群書類従』(雑部)をはじめとする現行の刊本は鎌倉期の写本や逸文に依拠するところが大きい。
- The current books including 'Gunsho ruiju' (Zatsubu) (Collection of historical documents compiled by Hokiichi HANAWA) (Miscellaneous Section) are largely dependent of the manuscript and the itsubun of the Kamakura period.
- その後、反乱軍側の内部分裂と顔真卿・顔杲卿たちに代表される勤皇軍の奮戦・ウイグルの援兵などがあった。
- Later, there was a series of unrest, such as the internal rift within the rebel army, struggle by the imperial army represented by Shinkei GAN and Kokei GAN, as well as reinforcement troops sent from the Uighurs.
- 水害により生活基盤が損なわれたため、住人の一部は再建を断念して北海道に入植した(のちの新十津川町)。
- Some residents gave up restoring the village because of the financial troubles from the flood, and moved to Hokkaido (the settlement became 'Shin-totsukawa-cho').
- 財源は租庸調として令制国から徴収された米・塩・布・綿などであり、民部省より支給されることとなっていた。
- The income was rice, salt, cloth and cotton collected from Ritsuryo provinces as Soyocho (a tax system, corvee) and was supplied from the Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs).
- また京大では沢柳総長辞任の1年後、荒木寅三郎医学部教授を総長として選出、以降総長の学内選出が確立した。
- One year after the resignation of Sawayanagi, Torasaburo ARAKI, a professor of the Medical Department, was selected as the president of Kyoto Imperial University, and since then successive presidents were selected from among professors.
- また、新安沈船の建材は中国江南地方産のガジュマルと見られ、型式も中国南部でよく見られるジャンクである。
- In addition, the wrecked ship found in Shinan, South Korea is considered to have been made of Ficus microcarpa originating from the Konan region, China and of a junk type that was often seen in Southern China.
- 本書には、全部で1182氏姓が記録され、その出自により「皇別」・「神別」・「諸蕃」に3分類されている。
- This register records a total of 1182 clan names, being classified the into three types - 'Kobetsu,' 'Shinbetsu' and 'Shoban' - based on the place of origin.
- よって、より権威のある院宮家、摂関家、大寺社等の権門層へ領家から領家職の一部を寄進することが行われた。
- For this reason, ryoke donated a part of ryoke shiki to more influential families such as the Innomiya family, Sekkan-ke, and major temples and shrines.
- 本書の書名は、『李部王記』『吏部記』『李部記』『重明親王記』『重明記』『重記』等多数の記載方法がある。
- The title and its rendering in Chinese characters of the document varies greatly, including; 'Rihooki' (李部王記), 'Rihoki' (吏部記), 'Rihoki' (李部記), 'Shigeakira Shinnoki' (重明親王記), 'Shigeakiraki' (重明記), and 'Juki' (重記).
- 結果、全般指揮を執る大名(総大将)の代わりに重臣の一部が本陣備の指揮を執る事になる(例図3武者奉行)。
- As a result, in lieu of the daimyo (sodaisho (commander-in-chief)) who took the overall command, some of the senior vassals took command of the army headquarters sonae (sample Figure 3, mushabugyo (warrior commander)).
- 頭部は弾丸の径よりも小さく造られており、口は革製のたんぽ、木栓、またはキャップ状の蓋等で塞がれている。
- The top of the cylinder is smaller than the diameter of the ball and is closed with cotton wrapped in leather, a wooden stopper or a lid.
- 承久の乱で幕府側として活躍した諏訪部助長は承久3年(1221年)に三刀屋郷の地頭職を与えられ下向した。
- Sukenaga SUWABE, who worked hard in the Jokyu War on the side of the feudal government headed by a shogun, was hired as the manager and lord of manor in Mitoya-go district and travelled there in 1221.
- これにより、大部分の無尽会社が信用組合などより大規模で、銀行と変わりない程度の規模となるようになった。
- This made most Mujin companies larger than credit associations and others on a scale not less than that of the banks.
- 削減どころか増加している自動車および業務・民生部門への対策として、近年、環境税の手法も検討されている。
- As measures against cars, business operations and civilian sectors, emissions from which tend to increase rather than decrease, the introduction of environmental taxes has been under consideration recently.
- 江戸時代後期には地方の飢饉や都市部での打ち壊し、蝦夷地や長崎への異国船の来航などで将軍権威が揺らいだ。
- In the second half of the Edo period, the authority of the Shogunate became shaky, affected by famine in the countryside, riots in the cities and the visits of foreign ships to Ezo district and Nagasaki.
- 南部から東部にかけては竜門山地がそびえ立ち、その冷涼な気候を利用して大和茶や素麺の生産が行われている。
- From the southern to the eastern part, Ryumon Mountain District soars, and the cool climate enables to produce Yamato-cha tea leaves and somen (Japanese vermicelli).
- ここを中心とした北船場 (大阪市)一帯が入り江で、上町台地の北端の西部一帯に街が栄えていたと見られる。
- Kita Senba, Osaka City, centered around there, used to be a bay and there was a town, being flourished, on the western part of the north end of Uemachi plateau.
- 太平洋戦争が迫りくるなかで、日本政府と軍部は各種の鉱産物の不足に直面し、国産化を促進する努力を始めた。
- As the Pacific War loomed, the Japanese government and the military faced shortages of various mineral products and launched efforts to boost their domestic production.
- 椥辻東山は地図にみえないが、「西野東山」「東野東山」と同様、区の南東端の山間部に位置すると推定される。
- Nagitsuji Higashiyama town is not seen on the map, but it, as well as 'Nishino Higashiyama' and 'Higashino Higashiyama,' are possibly located in the mountain area, at the south-east end of the ward.
- 川田梅ケ谷町の一部は、昭和51年の山科区分区の際、東山区側に残され、東山区今熊野梅ケ谷町となっている。
- Kawata Umegadani-Cho was partly left in Higashiyamaku Ward when Yamashinaku Ward separated in 1976, as Umegadani-Cho, Imagumano, Higashiyamaku Ward.
- 昭和4年(1929年)、区の南部と東部の一部地域が分離され、新設の中京区、左京区、東山区に編入された。
- In 1929, some of the areas of the southern and eastern part of the Kamigyo Ward were split off, and were integrated into the newly created Nakagyo Ward, Sakyo Ward, and Higashiyama Ward.
- 現存史料によれば、「小長谷部」の分布は越中2例、信濃2例、甲斐2例、遠江、上野、下総など東国に集中する。
- According to existing historical data, a distribution of 'Ohassebe' concentrated in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region) such as two cases each in three provinces of Etchu, Shinano, and Kai, and also in the provinces of Totomi, Kozuke, Shimosa, and so on.
- また、受領への権限集中が行われ、国衙機構内部は受領直属部署(「所」という)を中心とするよう再編成された。
- In addition, various rights were concentrated in the zuryo, and the kokuga system was reorganized with the office directly controlled by the zuryo (called 'sho') at the center.
- 当時、立命館大学法学部の学生であった被告人は、デモ隊先頭集団の列外に立って行進し、デモ隊を誘導していた。
- The defendant was a student of Ritsumeikan University's Faculty of Law at that time and marched off the leading group of the demonstration to lead the demonstration march.
- 耐震耐火構造とし、内外防熱防湿のために石綿材料を施し、内部はさらにキリまたはヒノキ板張りとするとされた。
- In addition to the fire-proof and earthquake-proof structure, Hoan-den were requested to be equipped with heat-resistant and damp-proof structures by using asbestos for the inside and outside, as well as by laying boards made from empress tree or hinoki cypress inside.
- それ以上の人員を持つ大大名は逆に上述の徳川家康軍団の様に分割された上で、複数の一手部隊として運用される。
- Higher-ranking daimyos with greater than the required number of personnel, on the other hand, would be split, as in Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's troops mentioned above, and used as multiple te units.
- 昭和40年代の宅地開発の際にやぐらが破壊され、「元弘三年五月廿八日」の銘のある五輪塔の一部が発見された。
- When housing lots were developed during the decade from 1965, the caves were destroyed and a part of a gorinto (a gravestone composed of five pieces piled up one upon another) was found, in which the date 'July 18, 1333' was inscribed.
- 南部氏は自力での討伐をできず、秀吉は蒲生氏郷・石田三成らを大将に6万人の軍勢を奥州の僻地に派遣している。
- Since the Nanbu clan could not subdue Masazane, Hideyoshi sent a military force of 60,000 soldiers, with Ujisato GAMO and Mitsunari ISHIDA and others as their leaders, to the remote rural areas in Oshu (Northern Honshu, the region encompassing the Mutsu and Dewa provinces).
- 島津軍の兵力は、義弘の5千余、忠常の1千余、伊勢兵部少輔定正(貞昌)の3百余、併せて、6千3百余である。
- The military force of the Shimazu army consisted of six thousand and three hundred soldiers that included around five thousand Yoshihiro soldiers, one thousand soldiers of Tadatsune, three hundred soldiers of Sadamasa, who had the title of Ise Hyobu shoyu.
- 最古の部類に入る浦島伝説、羽衣伝説の記述は万葉仮名書きの和歌が入っている点も含めて特筆すべきものである。
- The legends of Urashima and Hagoromo (a robe of heavenly feathers), which belong to the oldest articles, are particularly unique, including Japanese poems written in Manyo-gana (an ancient Japanese writing system using Chinese characters).
- 同月上旬、秀吉は木食応其を使者として根来寺に派遣し、応其は拡大した寺領の一部返還を条件に和睦を斡旋した。
- Early in the same month, Hideyoshi dispatched Mokujiki Ogo to the Negoro-ji Temple as a messenger, and Ogo mediated a peace agreement on the condition of returning a part of the expanded jiryo.
- 特に後北条氏は北条氏政の切腹に至り、伊達政宗、南部晴政、最上義光らを帰順させる事に繋がった(奥羽仕置)。
- Especially in the case of the Gohojo clan, it led to seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) of Ujimasa HOJO, and it also caused Masamune DATE, Harumasa NANBU, and Yoshiaki MOGAMI to return to their allegiance to Hideyoshi (Ou shioki or the punishment of Ou).
- 本土決戦を目前にした陸軍が航空部隊・航空総軍の戦闘司令所として建設されたもので、二つの壕に分かれている。
- It was built as the top headquarters of air battle units of the Imperial Japanese Army in preparation for the coming decisive battles in the mainland, and it consisted of two shelters.
- このうち、大字東梅津の区域は大部分が「梅津」を冠称する24町に編成され、残余は大字東梅津として残された。
- Among them, the area of Oaza Higashi Umezu was mostly reorganized into twenty-four towns which were prefixed by the name 'Umezu,' and the rest remained as Oaza Higashi Umezu.
- 大学当局は11月15日に同学会の解散命令を下し、11月18日には同学会幹部8名の無期限停学処分を発表した。
- The authority of the university ordered the dissolution of the Dogakukai on November 15, and indefinitely suspended eight executives of the Dogakukai from the university on November 18.
- 戦国時代以前においては律令制に基づく軍団 (古代日本)制を除き、備のような系統だった部隊編成は見られない。
- Before the Sengoku Period, except for the troops based on the Ritsuryo system (ancient Japan), no troop organization existed that resembled sonae.
- 一戦場において単独で作戦を遂行する事が可能という意味において後述の特徴も併せて戦略単位といえる部隊である。
- This squad was a tactical battle unit in terms of its ability to execute plans independently on a battleground, as well as in terms of other characteristics mentioned later.
- 荘園・公領内部で、百姓階層の経済力向上と均質化が進んだことで、百姓階層は名主を中心に団結するようになった。
- As the farming class improved its economic status and became more homogenized, peasants learned to act together led by myoshu farmers.
- 戦国時代に入ると紀北から河内・和泉南部に至る勢力圏を保持し、寺院城郭を構えてその実力は最盛期を迎えていた。
- In the Sengoku period, it was at the height of its prosperity, holding power in the areas from Kihoku to Kawachi Province and south of Izumi Province and having a temple castle.
- 一般の教育が式部省被官の大学寮で行われたのに対して、医道は宮内省被官の典薬寮で行われたところに特徴がある。
- Under the Yamato Court, the general youth education was implemented at 'Daigakuryo' (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system) under the direct control of 'Shikibusho' (the Ministry of Ceremonial), while the I-do education was distinctively implemented at 'Tenyakuryo' (the Bureau of Medicine) under the direct control of Imperial Household Ministry.
- 秀吉は秀長を通じて戸次川の戦いで嫡男信親を失った長宗我部元親に大隅一国を与えようとしたが、元親は固辞した。
- Hideyoshi intended to provide the whole Osumi Province to Motochika CHOSOKABE who lost his heir Nobuchika in the Battle of Hetsugigawa, but Motochika firmly declined the offer.
- 京都市に本部を置くジャパンレジャーサービスグループの子会社「琵琶湖リゾートホテル株式会社」が経営している。
- It is run by 'Biwako Resort Hotel K. K.,' a subsidiary company of Japan Leisure Service Group Co., Ltd. based in Kyoto City.
- 物部村(ものべそん)は、高知県の北東部、物部川の源流域に位置していた、日本一のゆず産地と知られる村である。
- Monobe-son is the Village located in northeastern Kochi Prefecture, near the source of Monobe-gawa River and is known as Japan's top producer of 'yuzu' citrus.
- 東大寺の東大寺盧舎那仏像前で祈りかつまどろむ尼公のさまを描いた部分が、異時同図法を用いた圧巻として知られる。
- It depicts Amagimi praying while half asleep before the Great Statue of Buddha of Todai-ji Temple, and this part of the picture is known as the highlight depicted by Ijidozu-ho Method (a compositional method used to show successive events in a single picture).
- このなかには、かねてから学内自治を主張していた谷本富文科大学(現・京大文学部)教授(教育学)が含まれていた。
- Tomeri TANIMOTO, a professor of the literature school (current literature department of Kyoto University) (pedagogy) who had been advocating university autonomy for some time, was one of them.
- 騒然とした雰囲気のなか、正午過ぎの午後1時20分天皇は自動車に乗って到着し、進講のため本部の会議室に入った。
- The Emperor arrived by car at 1:20 pm in an atmosphere of disquiet and entered a conference room in the headquarters in order to have a briefing.
- そのため、給料学生がそのまま優先的に文章得業生に選抜され、大学寮の教官や式部省などの官人への登竜門となった。
- Accordingly, kyuryo-gakusei were preferentially selected as Monjo tokugosho (Distinguished Scholars of Letters) and this examination became a gateway to the instructor of Daigakuryo or official post of Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonies).
- 典薬寮(てんやくりょう)は、律令制により制定された機関で、宮内省律令制度下に属する医療・調薬を担当する部署。
- The Tenyakuryo (Bureau of Medicine) was an institution established under Japan's Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code); specifically, it was under the purview of the Kunaisho (Imperial Household Agency) of the Ritsuryo system, and was the bureau responsible for giving medical care and providing doses of medicine.
- 実際には代々耕作してきた田地の一部を永業田、残りを口分田と称して建前を保ったのではないかとも考えられている。
- It is considered that, to maintain the public position, part of the field that had been used for generations might have been called eigyoden and the remaining one as kubunden actually.
- 1869年(明治2年)8月10日 (旧暦)、但馬、播磨、美作を生野県として分離、但馬南部の一部を篠山藩へ移管
- September 15, 1869: Tajima, Harima and Mimasaka were separated and formed Ikuno Prefecture, and a part of southern Tajima was transferred to Sasayama Domain.
- 合わせて2部作成し、1部は荘官が在地での荘務のために用い、もう1部は荘園領主が年貢・公事の徴収の際に用いた。
- Two copies of kenchucho were made: One copy for the use of the shokan for conducting managerial duties in the local manor, and the other for the manor owner for determining the amount of nengu (land tax) and kuji (public duties).
- とくにその「本朝部世俗編」では転換期をたくましく生きる武士や民衆(下衆)の生活がいきいきと描き出されている。
- In 'Honchobu sezoku hen' (section describing the secular lives) (本朝部世俗編) the lives of samurai or people who lived through the transition period are vividly described.
- 呪禁師の中で優秀なものが呪禁博士に任ぜられ、医師の家や薬部の家から選ばれた呪禁生(定員6名)の育成に努めた。
- The most outstanding of the jugonshi was appointed jugon hakase, who would then work to train and cultivate the jugonsei (apprentice sorcerers, for whom there were six fixed positions in the government), who were chosen from among the families of doctors or pharmacists.
- 火災後、一部の町及び民家が鴨川 (京都府)の東や内野などの郊外に移され、京都の市街が拡大されることになった。
- A part of the cho blocks and some houses were relocated to the suburbs such as east of the Kamo-gawa River (Kyoto prefecture) and Uchino after the fire, which led to the urban expansion of the city of Kyoto.
- 西部(大津市と高島市)は畿内と若狭湾・北陸とを短絡する要地であり、江戸時代には西近江路・鯖街道が通っていた。
- The western part (Otsu and Takashima Cities) is a key area which connects 'Kinai' and Wakasa Bay/Hokuriku region in the shortest way and Nishiomiji Road and Saba-kaido Road (the highway used to transport fish such as 'saba' [mackerel] to Japan's ancient capital, Kyoto) went through the part in the Edo period.
- 洛南新都市(らくなんしんとし)は、京都府京都市伏見区の淀川南部にある旧巨椋池干拓地に整備される予定の新都市。
- Rakunan shintoshi is a new city which is planned to be prepared in the reclaimed land from former Ogura-ike Pond in the south of Yodo-gawa River in Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 預かり人が命令に従わず、全部あるいは半分以上を所領とした場合にはこれを厳罰として本所領は全て本所側に返還する。
- If an azukarinin disobeyed the law and seized more than half of the territory, they were punished severely and forced to return the entire territory back to the honjo.
- 後白河は強訴に対して強硬な態度で臨み、延暦寺を抑えようと試みたが、政権内部の足並みの乱れにより事態は迷走した。
- Although Goshirakawa attempted to control Enryaku-ji Temple with a firm attitude to the direct petition, the situation strayed due to the discordance within the administration.
- 大学寮(だいがくりょう)は、律令制のもとで作られた式部省(現在の人事院に相当する)直轄下の官僚育成機関である。
- The Daigaku-ryo was a set of educational institutions that was founded under the Ritsuryo system to train government officials, which was controlled directly by Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonies - equivalent to today's National Personnel Authority).
- 因みに図1の徳川家康本陣備は中央に描かれていた単独の備である酒井左衛門尉備を除外し、家康直属部隊のみを示した。
- Incidentally, in Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's army headquarters sonae in Figure 1, the independent sonae of Saemon no jo SAKAI drawn at the center is omitted, and only the unit under the direct command of Ieyasu is shown.
- 教科書としては、子部五行類の『新撰陰陽書』・『黄帝金匱経』・『五行大義』・『周易』・『難儀』などが用いられた。
- The textbooks they used were books classified as Shibu-gogyo, such as 'Shinsen Onmyosho,' 'Kotei kingi kyo,' 'Gogyo Taigi,' 'Zhou Yi' (I Ching (Book of Changes)) and 'Nangi.'
- この他にも諏訪刑部・諏訪采女・段嶺某・長篠某といった者たちを農民を使って殺させ、その首が織田方へと献上された。
- Nobutada ODA also employed farmers to kill many other people, including ministers of justice, court ladies and persons named Damine or Nagashino, whose severed heads were presented to his army.
- 区の北西部、旧翔鸞学区の区域は、大部分が北野天神の社領で、明治元年(1868年)に上京に編入されたものである。
- Most of the area of the former Shoran school district in the northwestern part of Kamigyo Ward is the estate of Kitano Tenjin Shrine which was integrated into Kamigyo in 1868.
- 私鋳銭は、一部が欠落したもの、穴が開いていないもの、字が潰れて判読できないものなど、非常に粗悪なものが多かった。
- The quality of Shichusen was often very poor, for example part of the detail was often missing, it had no hole, and the letters on it were impossible to read.
- 軍事貴族などの武芸の家は桓武平氏・清和源氏・一部の藤原氏などから出たが、彼らの子孫が後の武士へと成長していった。
- Families of military art, such as military aristocrats, were born from Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan), Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) and some of the Fujiwara clan and their descendants later became samurai (warrior).
- このように独立した官司といえどほとんど典薬寮の一部局のようになっており、寛平8年(896年)典薬寮に併合された。
- Thus, even though Naiyakushi was an independent government official, it functioned almost like a department of Tenyakuryo and it was merged with Tenyakuryo in 896.
- 本書の構成は大分類である「部」と小分類の「門」より成っており、その構成は十巻本・二十巻本によってそれぞれ異なる。
- This book is configured using 'bu' (部) (categories) and 'mon' (門) (sub-categories), and the configuration of either of the 10-volume book and 20-volume book is different from the other.
- 清少納言の「清」は清原氏の出自であることを示し、紫式部の「紫」は彼女の著作源氏物語の紫の上にちなむ(他説あり)。
- Sei (清) in Sei Shonagon indicated she was from the Kiyohara (清原) clan, and Murasaki (紫) in Murasaki Shikibu came from Murasaki no ue (紫の上), a character of her novel 'Tale of Genji,' according to one view.
- 城下町などと違い、商工業者のほかに農民をが多く在住しているも特徴で、都市部と農村の性格を併せ持つのも特徴である。
- Unlike such towns as Jokamachi, Zaigomachi was characteristic of many farmers as its residents and those engaged in commerce and industry, and has both features of being an urban district and a farming village.
- 藩鎮の総数は50を超え、首都長安・副都洛陽の周辺部を除いた全ての地域が藩鎮の支配下に置かれるようになるのである。
- The total number of hanchin amounted to more than 50, and all the districts except for the areas around the capital Changan and the sub-capital Luoyang were placed under hanchin's control.
- 本丸部分は東に凸型で、御門が2つあり、出丸部に大手御門(大手門)があり、同先に北へ向く橋が、堀に架けられていた。
- The Honmaru, which had the convexed side facing east, had two gates, and the Demaru (small castle or tower built onto and projecting from a larger castle) had an Otte-mon Gate (Main Gate) and beyond that a bridge towards the north was built on the Mizubori.
- 柳沢氏が甲斐源氏の一族である甲斐一条氏の子孫が甲斐国北西部の武川筋に土着した武川衆と呼ばれる辺境武士団であった。
- The Yanagisawa clan descended from the Kai Ichijo clan belonging to the Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) and became part of the Mukawa-shu group, one of the warrior groups in the remote Kai area based in Mukawa, in the northwestern part of Kai Province.
- 全国的に女人禁制の山岳への登山口にはよくみられたことであるが、戦前まで旅館街の一部地域に遊郭の機能を有していた。
- There was yukaku (a red-light district) in a district of Japanese Inn town before the war, which was common in the place where a starting point for a climb of a mountain which women were not allowed to enter was.
- 6月中旬ごろから7月上旬ごろに華中(長江中下流域)、6月下旬ごろから7月下旬ごろに華北の一部が長雨の時期となる。
- The season of long rain comes to Center China (middle and downstream basin of the Yangtze River) between the middle of June and the beginning of July and to a part of North China between the end of June and the end of July.
- 植生の面では、小辺路の大半が属する奈良県南西部の気候が寒冷ないし冷涼な山岳気候であるという条件に影響されている。
- The vegetation of Kohechi is influenced by a fact that the climate of the western parts of Nara Prefecture where most parts of Kohechi go through belongs to a cold highland climate.
- 大字西院の残余は昭和6年京都市に編入されて右京区の一部となり、「西院」を冠称する38町、及び山ノ内苗町となった。
- The other part of Oaza Sanin was integrated into Kyoto City in 1931 and became a part of the Ukyo Ward which consisted of thirty-eight towns which were prefixed by the name 'Sanin' and the Yamanouchi Naemachi town.
- 伏見区においては中心部の旧伏見市の区域は単独町名、その他は原則として旧大字名などの地区名を冠した複合町名である。
- The former Fushimi City district in the center of Fushimi Ward uses independent town names while the rest of the city uses, in principle, complex names including those prefixed by former names of Oaza (large section of village) and so on.
- 東は左京区と東山区、西・南・北はそれぞれ右京区、下京区、上京区に接し、西北のごく一部が北区 (京都市)に接する。
- Sakyo Ward and Higashiyama Ward are located in the east, Ukyo Ward, Shimogyo Ward, and Kamigyo Ward are located in the west, south, and north respectively, and a very small part of Kita Ward (Kyoto City) is in the northwest.
- 例えば、惣内部で年貢の割り当てを行い、割り当てを満たすことのできない構成員には惣掟で罰則(財産没収など)を設けた。
- For example, it assigned a quota of the nengu to each so villager and enacted so-okite (rules), which established penalties (such as the confiscation of property) to be imposed on any member who failed to meet the required quota.
- 1869年(明治2年)8月10日 (旧暦)、久美浜県のうち但馬(一部除く)、播磨、美作3カ国が分離し、生野県が設置
- September 15, 1869: Tajima (except a part), Harima and Mimasaka were separated from Kumihama Prefecture and consolidated into Ikuno Prefecture.
- そして1910年には馬政長官からの命令を受け京都競馬倶楽部に改称し、同年6月18日から倶楽部としての競馬を始めた。
- In 1910, it was renamed Kyoto Horse Racing Club by the order of the administrator of Horse Administration, and the club began to host horse racing on June 18 of the same year.
- 1946年1月18日、京都府警察部七条警察署は、ヤミ米買出しをしていた朝鮮人を物価統制令違反として現行犯逮捕した。
- On January 18, 1946, Shichijo Police of the Kyoto Prefectural Police arrested a Korean who was buying rice in the black market for violating the Price Control Act.
- 及川氏は岩手県南部から宮城県北部にかけて勢力を有した葛西氏の家臣となったが、その経緯から三つの家系に分かれている。
- The OIKAWA clan became a retainer of the KASAI clan, which had influence from the southern part of Iwate Prefecture to the north part of Miyagi Prefecture but, due to the consequent development, was divided into three family lines.
- これらの歌には一部に形式化の傾向もみられた当時の和歌とは異なり、庶民の生活感情がよくあらわれているといわれている。
- It is said that these songs were different from the waka, some of which were formalized at that time, and they represented the emotions of the common people well.
- 従来、後部に垂れ下がって風が吹くとたなびいていた日本の冠構成(えい)も、一旦上に上げてから下に垂らすようになった。
- A court cap called 'ei' (a kind of cap with a back ornament) which had been tailed down at the rear, flying with wind, came to be worn after tucking it up once and then tailing it down.
- 小藩とはいえ、戦国大名の京極高知が関ヶ原の戦いの戦功により賜った丹後一国の領土の一部を受け継ぐ由緒正しい藩である。
- It was a small but historic domain inherited as part of the territory under Tango province, originally given to Takatomo KYOGOKU, a daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during the Sengoku period, because of distinguished war service during the Battle of Sekigahara.
- ほとんどの建造物は彦根城に移築したり破却されたため城跡には残っていないが、石垣と土塁の一部などが現在も残っている。
- Because virtually all of the materials that had originally been used to construct Sawayama-jo Castle were removed and reused in the construction of Hikone-jo Castle, almost no trace of Sawayama-jo Castle remains today, though portions of its old wall and earthen embankments can still be seen.
- 車 :五條市中心部(本陣交差点=国道24号、国道168号、国道310号交点) から国道168号を十津川方面へ南下。
- By car: Take National Route 168 from the Central part of Gojo City (Honjin Crossing: the point of intersection of National Route 24, 118 and 310) and go south toward Totsu-kawa River.
- 以後、土地区画整理事業に伴う町界の変更、一部新町名の設置等はあるが、上述の302町は2009年現在も存続している。
- After that, although the borders of some towns were changed and some new towns were created in accordance with the land readjustment project, the above-mentioned 302 towns still exist in 2009.
- 彼らはその持高に応じた(3)年貢と(4)諸役(の一部)を負担したが、(5)陣夫役は負担しないので、百姓ではなかった。
- Although they bore (a part of) (3) nengu and (4) miscellaneous taxes according to their farm, since they did not bare (5) compulsory services in wartime, they were not hyakusho.
- ただし、官物の免除は太政官・民部省の許可が必要だったため、国司の認めることができた不輸は原則として雑役の免除だった。
- However, the exemption of Kanmotsu required the consent of Daijokan (Grand Council of State), Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs), the exemption that Kokushi could give were in principle only for Zoeki.
- 吉田分校(現在の総合人間学部キャンパス)の門前には縦3m・横2mに及ぶ「天皇へのお願い」と題された看板が立てられた。
- In front of a gate at the Yoshida branch school (campus of the Faculty of Integrated Human Studies), a signboard, whose size was three meters long and two meters wide, stating 'Our pleas to the Emperor' was put up.
- 棟木の墨書銘から永暦2年(1161年)の建造であることが判明した(ただし、それ以前の前身堂の部材も再用されている)。
- It was identified as architecture of 1161 through the ink inscriptions of ridgepoles (materials of the hall that had stood there prior to that time were also used).
- 天正14年8月、熊野から日高郡山地郷(現田辺市龍神村)にかけての山間部で一揆が起こり、吉川平介らによって鎮圧された。
- In September 1586, a riot broke out in the mountain area from Kumano and Sanjigo (山地郷) of Hidaka County (present Ryujin-mura, Tanabe City) and was suppressed by Heisuke YOSHIKAWA and so on.
- また一部都市では、錯綜する土地権利ゆえ賦課者が確定できず、地子に代わる新しい都市税制を導入したとみられる場所もある。
- In some cities, the rights on land were so complicated that it was impossible to determine who should bear the burden, and instead, a new tax system of the city seems to have been introduced.
- これに対し大学当局(服部峻治郎学長)はすべての学生ストライキ禁止の措置で臨んだため、多くの処分学生を出すことになった。
- In response, the authority of the university (president of the university Shunjiro HATTORI) banned the students' strike thoroughly and punished many students.
- そして、「い」「ろ」などそれぞれの部のなかを天地・時節・草木など部門別(門)に分類して用語を配列する形式をとっている。
- Under thus created iroha divisions (Bu), such as 'i,' 'ro' and so on, there were semantic subdivisions (Mon), such as tenchi (the world), jisetsu (seasons), kusaki (vegetation) and so on.
- 部分的に『中右記』や『長秋記』よりも詳細な記事があり、院政期の摂関家の動向について知る上で有用な歴史資料となっている。
- It has been a useful historical document for learning the movements of the sekkan-ke of the cloister government period since it has more detailed articles than the 'Chuyuki' (diary written by FUJIWARA no Munetada) and 'Choshuki' (diary of MINAMOTO no Morotoki).
- 京大法学部教授会および小西総長は文相の要求を拒絶したが、同月26日、文部省は文官分限令により滝川の休職処分を強行した。
- The board of professors at the Faculty of Law, Kyoto University and Dean Konishi refused the Minister of Education's demands and on the 26th of the same month, the Ministry of Education forced a decision on Takigawa's suspension from work through the Bunkanbungen law (ordinance on the status of civil servants).
- すなわち、紫式部の式部(父藤原為時が式部大丞であった)や清少納言の少納言(兄弟に少納言となった人物がいたといわれる)。
- For example, Shikibu in Murasaki Shikibu was from her father FUJIWARA no Tametoki's title Shikibu taijo (Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Ceremonial), and Shonagon in Sei Shonagon was from shonagon (lesser counselor) (it is said that her brother became shonagon).
- 政盛は永正10年(1513年)頃までに善光寺平北部の中野郷を奪取して本拠地と定め、高梨氏の全盛期を築いたとされている。
- Masamori deprived Nakano in the northern parts of Zenkojidaira and made it a base around 1513, which led to the heyday of the clan.
- 荘務(しょうむ)とは、荘園内部の勧農・検断・徴税など、在地における実際の支配・管理を行うこと、またはその権限を持つ者。
- Shomu refers to the actual practice of control and administration over kanno (encouragement of agriculture), trials, and the collection of taxes within shoen (the manor); it also refers to the individuals who were authorized to practice shomu.
- 特に12月の戸次川の戦いにおいて、仙石秀久を軍監とする豊臣方は長宗我部信親、十河存保などの有力武将を失う大敗を喫した。
- Especially in the Battle of Hetsugigawa in December, Toyotomi's side led by Hidehisa SENGOKU, Assistant Deputy General suffered a crushing defeat losing powerful busho (Japanese military commanders) including Nobuchika CHOSOKABE and Masayasu SOGO.
- 下京区においては区の東部の町名はすべて単独町名であり、西部は「中堂寺」「西七条」などの旧村名を冠した町名となっている。
- All town names in the east part of the Shimogyo Ward are independent names, and in the west part, town names are prefixed by former village names such as 'Chudoji' or 'Nish Shichijo.'
- なお、後年において不動穀の一部を中央に貢進させる年料租舂米の制が布かれた際には主として年料舂米負担国が対象とされている。
- When the Nenryososhomai system required part of the Fudokoku (emergency grain) to be tithed to the central government, the target of the system was mainly the Nenryoshomai provinces.
- 現存する記事は長治2年(1105年)から大治 (日本)4年(1129年)年までの25年間に及ぶが、欠落部分も少なくない。
- The existing article spans 25 years from 1105 to 1129, but many segments are missing.
- 文永元年(1264年)、これまで、1次の審理を行っていた引付衆が担当していた越訴などを専門として扱う部署として誕生した。
- It was established in 1264, as a special section that handled direct appeal, and so on, previously handled by Hikitsukeshu (Co-adjustor of the High Court) where the first trials were examined.
- 私鋳銭の中には、一部が欠落したもの、穴が開いていないもの、字がつぶれて判読できないものなど、非常に粗悪なものが多かった。
- The quality of many of these shichusen coins was quite low: For examples, in some of them, a portion was lost, no hole was provided, or the characters on them were too worn to read them.
- 京都府連執行部内で多数派を形成していた三木一平副委員長、塚本景之書記長ら共産党グループは、朝田の批判を快く思わなかった。
- The Japanese Communist Party faction, including Ippei MIKI, a vice-chairman, and Kageyuki TSUKAMOTO, a general secretary, who accounted for the majority of the Kyoto Federation executives, were offended at Asada's criticisms.
- この地震は天正地震、白川地震とも呼ばれ、震源地は現在の岐阜県北西部、マグニチュードは7.9 - 8.1と推定されている。
- This earthquake is also called the Tensyo-jishin (Tensho earthquake) or Shirakawa Earthquake, and the epicenter of seismic activity was in what is now the Northwestern part of Gifu Prefecture, also the magnitude is estimated to have been 7.9 – 8.1 on the Richter scale.
- また、結果的に大敗のきっかけを作った康成・牧野忠成 (越後長岡藩初代)父子は部下を庇って出奔したため、一時謹慎となった。
- Yasunari and his son Tadanari MAKINO (the first lord of the Echigo Nagaoka Domain), who made the cause of huge defeat in hindsight, ran away protecting their followers, so they were temporarily suspended.
- 以下は、様々な証拠や証言、文書の記述などを参考に各学者・研究者などより出されている復元案の一部または想像図の概要である。
- The following is a part of ideas for the restoration or the summary of imaginary pictures proposed by scholars and researchers, etc. on the basis of various evidences, testimonies, documents and so on.
- 奥書によると、浅羽民部少輔なる人物が宝徳3年(1451年)8月に鎌倉公方足利持氏の最後の日記として書き留めたものである。
- According to the okugaki (postscript), a person called Asaba Minbu shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of Popular Affairs) scribed the book as the last diary of Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) Mochiuji ASHIKAGA in September 1451.
- 後期から晩期にかけては、施した縄文の一部を磨り消して平滑にし、「地」と「文様」の区別を鮮明にした「磨消縄文」が現われる。
- From the late to the final stage of the period, the technique of 'surikeshi-jomon' (cord mark erasing) appeared, with which part of the engraved 'jomon' (cord mark) was erased for setting off the remaining jomon.
- 坂本城は後に築かれた大津城、膳所城も琵琶湖に面して本丸がその先端部に位置していること等、類似点が多い縄張りとなっている。
- Sakamoto-jo Castle has many similar features with Otsu-jo Castle and Zeze-jo Castle in terms of nawabari in that it faced Lake Biwa and that the hon maru was positioned in its tip section.
- 上記のように、炭素税は工場等を狙ったものではなく自家用乗用車や民生部門などからの排出を抑制する効果を主にした制度である。
- As mentioned above, a carbon tax does not aim at factories or the like, but intends to effectively drive the suppression of the emissions from private cars, civilian sectors and so on.
- また藩鎮の勢力を削り、それまで藩鎮の下部組織と成り果てていた州およびその長官たる刺史も中央直属としての実態を取り戻した。
- Also, hanchin's power was reduced, allowing prefectures and their governors that had been placed under its control to regain their previous status as entities directly controlled by the central government.
- 城主不在にもかかわらず城兵は健闘し敵を寄せ付けなかったが、やがて城内で一部の兵が裏切り敵を手引きしたため奮戦空しく落城。
- Despite the fact that the lord of the castle was absent, the garrison fought very spiritedly and prevented the enemy from drawing close, but soon after one portion of the garrison betrayed their comrades, switched sides and guided the attackers into the castle, rendering vain all the hard fighting and making surrender inevitable.
- ここからの古道は国道425号に飲み込まれたと見え、大津越え近辺の区間などのわずかな部分を除けば古道の道筋は不明確である。
- From this point, the old road seems to have been incorporated in National Highway 425, therefore the old road is unclear except for few sections such as the section around Otsu-goe.
- 大字福稲は大正7年に一部が当時の下京区(現在の東山区)に編入され、残余は昭和6年、「深草」を冠称する26町に編成された。
- A part of Oaza Fukuine was integrated into then Shimogyo Ward (the current Higashiyama Ward) in 1918 and the remaining part was reorganized into 26 towns prefixing the name 'Fukakusa' in 1931.
- 刊本としては、部分的ではあるが、『大日本史料』第3編や『歴代残闕日記』第7冊、『翻刻為房卿記』(『史聚』第10号)に掲載。
- Parts of the diary are included in printed and published books, such as the third volume of the 'Dai Nihon Shiryo' (Important Historical Records), the seventh volume of the 'Rekidai Zanketsu Nikki' (Successive Partial Diary) and the reprint 'Honkoku Tamefusa-kyo Ki' (the tenth volume of 'Shishu' [Historical Stories]).
- そのほか、改編本系に属する蓮成院本(転写本は宮内庁書陵部蔵)、西念寺本(転写本は関西大学蔵)があるが、いずれも零本である。
- Apart from these manuscripts, the following manuscripts which also belong to the family of the revised versions are available: The Renjoin (Renjoin Temple's) manuscript (whose duplicate copy is housed in the Imperial Household Archives) and the Seinenji (Seinen-ji Temple's) manuscript (whose transcription is owned by Kansai University) and both are incomplete.
- なお、藤原公任の著書『北山抄』には「私記」と注記された引用部分があり、これは『清慎公記』からの引用であると考えられている。
- In ''Hokuzansho,'' written by FUJIWARA no Kinto, there is a citation with a note that says 'Shiki,' and it is thought to be a citation from the ''Seishinko-ki.''
- 内部には宴享庁(使者の応接所)を中心に館主家、客館、東向寺、日本側の番所、酒屋、その他日本家屋が対馬藩によって建築された。
- Inside it, with the reception office for envoys at the center, the house of the manager, a building for visitors, Toko-ji Temple, the Japanese guard house, liquor stores, and some other Japanese-style houses were constructed by the Tsushima clan.
- 倭館(わかん、왜관)は、中世から近世にかけて、李氏朝鮮(朝鮮王朝)時代に朝鮮半島南部に設定された日本人居留地のことである。
- Wakan (왜관) was a foreign settlement for Japanese people established at the Southern area of Korean Peninsula from the medieval to modern period of Japan, or in the Yi Dynasty Korea period (Korean Dynasties period).
- 例えば、平安時代において荘園新立の承認を受けるには太政官符及び民部省符が必要とされており、こうした荘園を官省符荘と呼んだ。
- For example, during the Heian period Daijokanpu and Minbushofu (official documents issued by Minbusho [Ministry of Popular Affairs]) was needed to get approval to establish a new Shoen (manor) and these manors were called Kanshofu no sho (government-approved manors).
- 『中央公論』『改造 (雑誌)』などの総合雑誌、『大阪朝日新聞』などの新聞は京大を支援し文部省を批判する論説を多く掲載した。
- General opinion magazines such as 'Chuo Koron,' 'Kaizo,' and newspapers such as 'Osaka Asahi Shinbun' supported Kyoto University and published many editorials criticizing the Ministry of Education.
- 但し、各足軽部隊を前線に、騎馬武者隊を後方に置き、前者で戦線を形成し、それを後者で突破するというのは基本であった様である。
- However, it seems that the basic strategy was to place the foot soldiers in the front and the cavalrymen in the rear, forming a battle front with the former and penetrating through it with the latter.
- 大量の山茶碗のほか粘土紐巻き上げ成形による大形の壺を生産しはじめ、これが東北地方北部から九州地方に至る広い範囲に流通した。
- Apart from a large amount of Yamajawan, big-sized pots molded with strings tied up started to be manufactured, and they were supplied to a wide area, from the northern Tohoku region to the Kyushu region.
- さらに、日本兵の首に賞金を掛けたため都市部で朝鮮軍・明軍による朝鮮領民の首無し死体が続出するなど荒廃した状況が伝えられる。
- Furthermore, as a prize was offered for the heads of Japanese soldiers, it is reported there were situations in which a large number of bodies without heads of Korean people taken by the Korean and Ming troops in urban districts.
- この露梁海戦で島津水軍は苦戦したが、明・朝鮮も明水軍の副将、や朝鮮水軍の三道水軍統制使の李舜臣を含む複数の幹部が戦死した。
- Shimazu clan's navy had a hard time in the Naval Battle of Noryang, but on the side of Ming and Korea, multiple top officials including the adjutant general of the navy of Ming and Yi Sun-sin, who was the Naval Commander of Three Provinces of the navy of Korea died in this war.
- 室町時代には、高梨惣領家と山田高梨・中村高梨・江部高梨を併せて高梨四家と呼ばれていたと記されている(「上高井歴史」より)。
- During the Muromachi period, the head family of the Takanashi, Yamada Takanashi, Nakamura Takanashi and Ebe Takanashi were called the four families of Takanashi (from 'the history of Kamitakai').
- そのため、令制や他の官職解説と異なる記述や任命されることが無くなっていた四等官主典級及び判官級の一部の記事が省かれている。
- As a result, some of its descriptions are different from those of the Ritsuryo system or other instruction manuals and the explanations of fourth grade Sakan (secretary) or Hangan (inspector), to which none were appointed at the time, were omitted.
- 古代ヤマト王権の時代には、日本の水軍を支えたのは安曇氏(あずみべ)や海人部(あまべ)、津守氏といった海の氏族たちであった。
- During the period of the Yamato dynasty, it is the marine clans such as Azumi clan, Amabe clan, and Tsumori clan that supported Japan's suigun.
- 北と南の気団が衝突した部分には、東西数千kmに渡って梅雨前線(ばいうぜんせん)ができ、数ヶ月に渡って少しずつ北上していく。
- In the part where northern and southern air masses collide with each other, a baiu front is formed for several thousands kilometers from east to west and it moves to the north gradually over several months.
- 食器や生活用品を洗ったりする時に川に誤って流してしまったり山中に落としてしまったりで外部の人間にきづかれたりすることがある。
- The existence of kakurezato was accidentally noticed by outside people when the residents dropped tableware or other household utensils in the river while washing or in the mountains.
- 棟梁という言葉は今日では「大工の親方」という意味で用いられることが多いが、元は建物の屋根の主要部分である棟と梁を指していた。
- Although the term 'toryo' (棟梁) generally refers to 'master of craftsmen' at present, it originally referred to to (棟) (ridge) and ryo (梁) (a beam), the essential parts of a building's ceiling.
- 例えば、『政事要略』の年中行事篇は、本書をそのまま導入し、新たに増補した部分の国史の引用については『類聚国史』を用いている。
- For example, this document was used, as it was, in the annual event part of 'Seiji Yoryaku' and citations about national history in the augmented portion was made from 'Ruiju Kokushi' (a national history compiled by SUGAWARA no Michizane).
- 当時、名主職は相伝や譲与できる権利と認識されており、農村社会内部の均質化によって、名主の地位や権利は徐々に分割されていった。
- In this period, myoshu rights were already recognized as rights that could be inherited or sold, and as rural society became more and more homogenized the position and rights of myoshu were split into smaller elements.
- 近年では、明国内における銀の使用盛行が同国内部での銭の信用を低下させて、それが日本国内に何らかの影響を与えたという説もある。
- In recent years, the following theory has been proposed as well: Wide use of silver in Ming degraded the credibility of coins in Ming, affecting, in some way, situations in Japan at that time.
- 1925年春季は阪神競馬倶楽部の鳴尾競馬場を借りて代替開催をしたが、これが競馬法に基づき馬券発売の伴う初の競馬開催となった。
- In the spring of 1925, Naruo Race Track of Hanshin Horse Racing Club was leased to hold horse racing, which was the first horse racing event accompanied by the sale of betting tickets based on the Horse Racing Act.
- しかし、部落問題研究所の有力理事たち(奈良本辰也・林屋辰三郎・原田伴彦など)はこの処置に反対し、理事を辞任、研究所を去った。
- However, the leading directors of the Institute of Buraku Problem (Tatsuya NARAMOTO, Tatsusaburo HAYASHIYA, Tomohiko HARADA and others) were opposed to this action, resigned as directors and left the Institute.
- 1966年3月から同年6月にかけて8回の口頭弁論が開かれ、文化厚生会館の管理権をめぐって朝田府連と部落問題研究所が対立する。
- From March, 1966 to June of the same year, eight oral pleadings were held and the Asada Furen and the Institute of Buraku Problem disputed over the custodial right of the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall.
- 迎え撃つ日本軍は沿岸部に築いた城の堅固な守りに助けられ、蔚山城の戦い第二次蔚山城の戦いでは明・朝鮮連合軍を撃退し防衛に成功。
- The intercepting Japanese army was helped by the strong defense with castles constructed in the coastal area and, in the second Battle of Ulsan, succeeded by beating back the Ming and Korean forces.
- そのため、加藤清正が捕虜にした李氏朝鮮の2人の王子(臨海君・順和君)の返還と引き替えに釜山周辺の南部へ4月頃までに移陣した。
- Therefore, they moved their camps to the southern areas around Busan by May in exchange of two princes (Prince Imhaegun and Prince Sunhwagun) of Yi Dynasty Korea who had been captured by Kiyomasa KATO.
- 沙沙貴山君一族は、平安時代までその勢力を保っており、いわゆる宇多源氏の佐々木氏の、少なくとも一部を構成したと考えられている。
- It is thought that the family Sasakiyama gimi, which maintained power until the Heian period, was at least a part of the Sasaki clan from the Uda-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- しかし、10世紀に入ると権門が太政官符・民部省符によって不輸の権 (日本)を獲得して,所有する荘園を事実上の不輸租田とした。
- In the tenth century, however, these influential families obtained fuyu no ken (the right of tax exemption) by Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State)/Minbushofu (official documents issued by Minbusho, Ministry of Popular Affaires) and converted their shoen into fuyusoden in effect.
- 秀吉はさらに淡路や四国を領有するとその沿海部の領主として子飼いの仙石秀久、小西行長、加藤嘉明、脇坂安治らの武将を送り込んだ。
- Also, as Hideyoshi possessed the land of Awaji and Shikoku, he dispatched Hidehisa SENGOKU, Yukinaga KONISHI, Yoshiaki KATO and Yasuharu WAKISAKA, who were all his vassals reared from an early age, to govern the coastal areas.
- 金子氏には、この軍に降伏し毛利の軍門に降る選択肢もあったであろうが、主である土佐国の長宗我部元親に義理立てし徹底抗戦を決意。
- Moreover, the Kaneko clan could have chosen to surrender to Motoie's army and eventually to the Mori clan, but instead the decision was made to mount a do-or-die resistance out of a sense of obligation to the clan's feudal lord, Motochika CHOSOKABE, in Tosa Province.
- とりわけ大津市は京都市中心部から約10kmしか離れておらず、JR大津駅からJR京都駅までは各駅停車でも9分で行き来ができる。
- Especially Otsu is close to Kyoto; it is approximately 10 km from the center of Kyoto City to Otsu City, and it takes only nine minutes from JR Kyoto station to JR Otsu station even by train that stops at every station.
- 主に平野部では瀬戸内海式気候、京都府南部・滋賀県南部・奈良県北部・三重県伊賀地方・伊賀地方などの内陸部は内陸性気候に属する。
- The plains mainly belong to the Seto Inland Sea climate, while the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture, the southern part of Shiga Prefecture, the northern part of Nara Prefecture and the Iga region of Mie Prefecture belong to the inland climate.
- 武奈ヶ岳は、釈迦岳を最高峰とする北比良、同じく蓬莱山を中心とする南比良に対して、比良山地の北部を占める奥比良に位置している。
- Mt. Bunagatake is located in Okuhira (inner Hira) which is in the northern part of Hira mountains as opposed to Kitahira (northern Hira) having Mt. Shakagatake as the highest mountain and Minamihira (sothern Hira) centering on Mt. Horaisan.
- 卒業試験試問を受験し、その試験結果が8割に達すれば式部省が実施する進士・明法・明経・算・秀才 (科挙)のいずれかの試験を受け、
- Daigaku-ryo students had to take graduation examinations, and if they achieved a mark of 80 percentages, they then had to take one of the following examinations given by the Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonies): Sinshi (Daigaku student who passed a subject of the official appointment test), Myobo (law), Myogyo (the study of classic Confucian writings), San (mathematics), or Shusai (Daigaku student who passed a subject of the official appointment test).
- 慶長2年(1597年)2月、和平交渉で無視された朝鮮南部割譲を実力で果たすという名目で、秀吉は14万人の軍を再び朝鮮に送った。
- In March 1597, Hideyoshi sent 140,000 troops to Korea with a pretext to achieve by force the cession of southern Korea which was ignored in the peace talks.
- 従来のロクロ成形を重んじながらも、胴部から肩部にかけては粘土紐巻き上げでロクロ成形の口部と接合するという技法が採用されている。
- The technique of jointing the upper body; from the waist part to the shoulder part, tied up by strings and the opening part molded by rokuro (potter's wheel) was used while the traditional molding method by rokuro was valued.
- 15世紀、朝鮮半島南部に三浦と呼ばれる日本人居留地が存在し、宗氏を始めとする西日本諸勢力は三浦を拠点に朝鮮王朝に通交をしていた。
- In the fifteenth century, there existed a Japanese settlement called Sanpo in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, and major forces in the western part of Japan such as the So clan maintained amicable relations with the Korean Dynasty using Sanpo as their base.
- 江戸時代に入り、各寺社がかつて領有していた土地の一部が寺社に返還され、幕府・大名より朱印状・黒印状によってその所領が安堵された。
- In the Edo period, some lands that were formerly owned by temples/shrines were returned to them and secured by the bakufu/daimyo with shuinjo/kokuinjo.
- 境川 (東京都・神奈川県)河口から引地川に挟まれた鵠沼村の南東部(25万坪余)は、大給松平家(後の大給子爵家)近道氏が入手した。
- The Chikamichi clan of the Ogyu Matsudaira family (later the Viscount Ogyu family) possessed the southeastern area (about 826,400 square meters) of Kugenuma Village, located between the mouth of the Sakai-gawa River (Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture) and the Hikiji-gawa River.
- 本所法には、荘務権を有する本所と称される権門が属する法体系に根源を持つものと荘園内部における慣習法が本所に容認されたものがある。
- There were two main origins of the Honjo law: one was in a legal structure that had governed the influential families called honjo, which owned Shomuken (the authority of the jurisdiction and the administration of Shoen), and the other was the common law in Shoen that became approved by the honjo.
- 三輪山(みわやま)は、奈良県の最北部一帯の奈良盆地の南東部も位置する奈良県桜井市の南東部にそびえる、なだらかな円錐形の山である。
- Mt. Miwa is a cone-shaped gentle mountain in the southeastern part of Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture, which is located in the southeastern part of Nara Basin across the farthest north part of Nara Prefecture.
- 伴という苗字の人偏は人を表し、右の半は上部の点を半の横線の間に移し、半の一番上の横線から飛び出た部分を消すと『伻』という字になる。
- The left-hand side of the Chinese character '伴' represents a person, and this Chinese character becomes '伻' (Hei) if the right-hand side is slightly modified.
- もともと渡来銭などを持っていない一部の地方大名などは、むしろ領内から悪銭を排除するために撰銭を「公認」する度合いが強いからである。
- This is because some local daimyo who held no Torai-sen were more likely to permit erizeni acts officially to eliminate low-quality coins form their territories.
- 「伊勢本」・「印度本」では「いろは順」は「いろは歌」のような47文字ではなく、「ゐ」「ゑ」「お」部が無い44文字で構成されていた。
- Although 'iroha order' contains 47 characters as recited in 'The Iroha' (a Japanese poem, probably written sometime during the Heian era), the iroha order in 'Isebon' and 'Indobon' consisted of 44 characters excluding 'ゐ' (wi), 'ゑ' (we) and 'お' (o).
- 大阪府藤田美術館所蔵の国宝『両部大経感得図』は、密教の重要経典「大日経」と「金剛頂経」がインドで感得されたという場面を描いている。
- In 'Ryobu taikyo kantokuzu' (Paintings of the Spiritual Reception of the Two Great Sutras), a national treasure, possessed by Fujita Museum of Art in Osaka, the scene that the important Buddhist scriptures of Esoteric Buddhism; 'Dainichi-kyo Sutra' and 'Kongocho-kyo' (Vajrasekhara Sutra) were inspired in India, is described.
- ところが横堤が切れたために水圧に変化が生じたことで、翌9日には逆に水攻め堤防の一部が切れ、寄手の宇喜多秀家勢に多数の溺死者が出た。
- However, the change of water pressure caused by the break of side bank resulted in the break of the bank for inundation tactics on the following day, the 20th, by which many soldiers of the Ukita troops of yosete drowned.
- そこで元親の弟、香宗我部親泰や元親の嫡男、長宗我部信親は一気に勝瑞城を攻め落とそうと兵を進め一宮城 (阿波国)、夷山城を落とした。
- Chikayasu KOSOKABE, a younger brother of Motochika and Nobuchika CHOSOKABE, a legitimate child of Motochika put their troops forward to capture Shozui-jo Castle after seizing Ichinomiya-jo Castle (Awa Province) and Ebisuyama-jo Castle.
- その直後の富士川の戦いで平氏軍に勝利した頼朝は、自分を支持する関東武士団の意向を受け、関東内部の平定・経営に重点を置くこととした。
- Immediately after this, Yoritomo defeated the Taira clan army in the Battle of Fujigawa and focused on the stabilization and management of the Kanto region at the wish of the Kanto Samurai Group which supported him.
- だが、荘園公領制が解体する14世紀に入ると、生産力の上昇や農民層の抵抗、更に荘園内部でも上級層の没落と下級層の上昇などが発生する。
- However, during the fourteenth century, many factors, such as the improvement of the productivity, the resistance of the class of peasants, and the downfall of the upper-class together with the advancement of the lower-class, contributed to the eventual demise of the shoen-koryo sei.
- 歴代水口藩は、同城を幕府からお借りしている城として大切に管理し、特に居城であるにもかかわらず、本丸部の御殿を使用しなかったらしい。
- Although, it was in essence their own castle, successive Minakuchi Domain custodians treated it as if they were just borrowing it from the bakufu and took great care of it, and didn't seem to use the Goten in the Honmaru (the keep of the castle).
- 京阪に近い南部(大津市・草津市・甲賀市など)は文化的に京阪の影響を強く受け、現在は通勤圏として「滋賀府民」の多い地域となっている。
- The southern part (including Otsu, Kusatsu, and Koga Cities), which is close to Kyoto and Osaka, has been culturally influenced by Kyoto and Osaka, and since a lot of people commute to Kyoto and Osaka from this part, they are called 'Shiga Fumin' (those living in Shiga but spend most of their time in Kyoto or Osaka).
- 日本国有鉄道五新線が通る予定で、途中の阪本まで建設が進められていたが中止され、用地の一部はバス (交通機関)専用道路に転用された。
- There was a plan according to which Goshin Line of Japan National Railways was to run through Ano, and the construction was underway up to a place called Sakamoto; however, the plan was cancelled and a part of the site was used for a bus lane instead.
- 区の南東部、四条河原町周辺は市内随一の繁華街で、花街の面影を残す先斗町(ぽんとちょう)通り、アーケード街の錦市場なども近くにある。
- The busiest area is around Shijo Kawaramachi in the southeast of Nakagyo Ward, and there are Pontocho-dori Street which has traces of the Hanamachi (geisha districts) and Nishiki market in the neighborhood which is a shopping arcade.
- このうち、第1 - 17学区がほぼ現在の上京区に相当し、第18 - 26学区は中京区の一部、27・28学区は左京区の一部にあたる。
- Of the 28 school districts, district Nos. 1 to 17 were nearly equivalent to the present-day Kamigyo Ward; district Nos. 18 to 26 equal to a part of Nakagyo Ward while district Nos. 27 and 28 equal to a part of Sakyo Ward.
- 米が取れない地域の一部では商品作物等の売却代金をもって他所から米を購入して納税用の年貢に充てるという買納制が例外的に認められていた。
- For the areas where rice cannot be produced, the baino-sei system, in which rice to be paid as nengu was purchased with money earned by selling other kinds of crops, was employed as an exception.
- 吏部王記(りほうおうき/りぶおうき)は、醍醐天皇第四皇子重明親王の日記で、平安時代中期の政務や朝儀を理解する上での重要な史料である。
- Rihooki (also referred to as Ribuoki) was the diary of Imperial Prince Shigeakira, the fourth son of Emperor Godaigo, and is regarded as an important historical document for understanding the administrative affairs and rituals of the imperial court during the mid Heian period.
- 1908年(明治41年)に完成した第16師団司令部庁舎は後に学校法人聖母女学院が法人本部として利用、師団練兵場は龍谷大学が利用する。
- The dormitory of the commanders of the Sixteenth Division whose construction was completed in 1908 was later used as the main headquarters of Seibo Jogakuin School Corporation, and the division drill court was used by Ryukoku University.
- このほか、院政期には藤原為房『撰集秘記』や源有仁の『叙位抄』『秋玉秘抄』など部門別儀式書や儀式分類記的な著作が編まれるようになった。
- Apart from them, books on rites according to department or those according to the categories of ritual, such as 'Senju-hiki' by FUJIWARA no Tamefusa, 'Joi-sho,' 'Shugyoku Hisho' by MINAMOTO no Arihito, were compiled during the Insei period.
- 内部に舌(ぜつ)をもつ個体があることから、その原型は打ち鳴らす楽器であったと思われるが、次第に形式化し、祭器となったものと思われる。
- Some bronze bells have a reed inside, so the prototype seems to have been a kind of wind instrument, but the bell seems to have gradually lost its use as a musical instrument and to have become an implement for Shinto rituals.
- 京阪神(けいはんしん)は、京都市・大阪市・神戸市の3市の総称、あるいは、これら3市を中心とした近畿地方の主要部を指す地域名称である。
- Keihanshin is both a collective name for the cities of Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe, and an area name indicating the main part of the Kinki region centered around these three cities.
- 秋・冬の降水量が少ない北部九州や瀬戸内地方などでは、空梅雨の後、台風などによるまとまった雨がない場合、渇水が1年以上続くこともある。
- In the northern Kyushu and Setouchi regions in which the amount of rainfall in autumn and winter is small, if there is no considerable amount of rainfall by typhoon and so on after karatsuyu, such drought continues for more than a year sometimes.
- 頭文字で分類しかつ意味で部門分けする形式は早く平安時代末期(院政期)成立の『色葉字類抄』と、その増補と見られる『伊呂波字類抄』がある。
- The method of collating words according to their first syllable with semantic subdivisions had been established as early as at the end of the Heian period (during the period of government by the retired Emperor) as represented by 'Irohajiru sho' (one of Japanese dictionaries in the Heian period) and its supposedly enlarged edition, 'Irohajirui-sho' (a dictionary written by Tadakane TACHIBANA in Heian period).
- 但し、現存の絵巻は、冒頭の真備が入唐して幽閉される詞書および、後半部分である「野馬台詩」の解読に成功して帰国を果たす場面は欠いている。
- However, the existing picture scroll is lacking the part of the kotobagaki (epigraphs, head notes) about Makibi arriving in Tang and being imprisoned in the opening scene, and the scene where Makibi succeeds in breaking a code of the 'Yamatai shi' (Poem on Japan) in the latter part.
- もっとも、妻敵討が行われると、本夫が寝取られたという事実を外部に明らかにする事となり、却って武士の面目が失われるという考え方もあった。
- However, when megataki uchi (revenge oneself on the adulterer) was practiced, the fact that his wife had been unfaithful was exposed to the outside world, and some people thought that it only made a samurai lose face.
- ただし、当時の具注暦は半年で1巻(2巻で1年分)とされていたため、実際には天皇・中宮・皇后に具注暦各1部が作成されたと考えられている。
- Since a new guchureki was published every half year (therefore two new calendars per year), it is considered that a copy of guchureki was made for emperor, chugu and empress.
- 暦博士による暦本提出後、陰陽寮は暦作りの専門部署として御暦所と呼ばれる臨時の機関を設置して、献上する暦の製作にあたらせて当日に備えた。
- The Onmyoryo established Onkoyomidokoro, a temporary specialized department to make calendars, where, once the books were submitted, are prepared for the day of calendar distribution by presenting calendars to the Emperor.
- この事件をきっかけに寧波に近い双嶼や、船山諸島など沿岸部で日本人商人との私貿易、密貿易が活発化し、倭寇(後期倭寇)の活動となって行く。
- This incident led to increased private trade and smuggling with Japanese merchants at coastal areas such as Shuangyu near Ningbo and the Zhoushan Islands, as well as activities of wako (koki wako [the 16th-century wako pirate-traders]).
- それは律令制崩壊以後の日本においては「御恩と奉公」という主従関係に基づいた、繋がりを重視する部隊編成を行わざるをえなかったためである。
- This is because after the destruction of the Ritsuryo system in Japan, troops had to be organized in a way that stressed relation based on lord-and-vassal bonds such as 'favor and service.'
- 数十万石の大大名はその数個の備を一手としたものを更に複数、保有する事が可能となる(つまり一手部隊は10万石級大名と同様の戦力になる)。
- For high-class daimyo belonging to several tens of thousand koku class, it was possible to possess several multiple units of such sonae grouped into one te (a single unit) (that is, a single te unit of troops had military power equivalent to that of a daimyo belonging to 100,000 koku class).
- 生野代官所支配地を中心に分離運動が高まり、1869年(明治2年)、但馬(但馬北部の一部除く)、播磨、美作3ヶ国を生野県として分離した。
- As separatist movements was mounted in places dominated by the Ikuno magistrate's office, three provinces of Tajima (except for a part of northern Tajima), Harima and Mimasaka were separated from Kumihama Prefecture and formed Ikuno Prefecture in 1869.
- 1966年1月24日、部落問題研究所が、朝田府連による会館占拠を解くことを求める仮処分命令申請書を京都地方裁判所に提出し、認められる。
- On Janurary 24, 1966, the Institute of Buraku Problem filed an application for a provisional disposition order to the Kyoto District Court to stop Asada Furen's occupation, and the Court approved it.
- 初め荒川氏を称してたが、荒川易氏のときに征夷大将軍足利義尚から信濃国伊那郡の一部を与えられ、易氏の孫の伊奈易次の代に伊奈熊蔵と号した。
- Although the family first referred to itself as the Arakawa clan, Yasutsugu INA, a grandson of Yasuuji ARAKAWA who had been given a part of Ina County, Shinano Province, by the Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, called himself Kumazo INA.
- なお、開城の攻略まで行動を共にしていた二番隊は鏡道へ進路を転じ、日本軍は北西部の平安道の平壌より北方と全羅道を除く朝鮮全土を制圧した。
- The Second Division, acting with them until the attack on Kaesong, switched their course to Hamgyong Province and the Japanese army occupied all of Korea excluding part of Pyeongan Province in the northwestern area to the north of Pyongyang and Jeolla Province.
- ヒノキは関東以西(中部~関西)に多く植えられたといわれるが、その地域では、関東などとは違う系統のスギが多く植えられたという指摘もある。
- It is said that many Japanese cypress trees were planted in the west of the Kanto region (central area to the Kansai region) but it has been identified that a large number of a different type of Japanese cedar tree were also planted in this area.
- かかる事態においては黄衣を着た春日大社の神人が現地に派遣され、春日大社の榊に四手をかけた簡易な仕立の神木を問題の田畠の中央部に立てた。
- In such a case, the shrine's jinin in 'koe' (yellow vestments) was dispatched to the manor, and simplified Shinboku, which was made up of the shrine's sakaki and 'shide' (a hanging), was stood at the center of the paddy or the field in question.
- (各目標値は平成17年4月28日閣議決定、平成18年7月11日一部変更、()内数値は2010年時点の排出量目標値・CO2百万トン換算)
- (Each target level was approved by the Cabinet in April 28, 2005, a part of this was changed in July 11, 2006 and a figure in parentheses () is a target level of emissions amount as of 2010 in two million tons CO2 equivalent).
- 最終的に島津氏は九州の大部分を没収されたが、石田三成と伊集院忠棟による戦後処理の結果、薩摩・大隅国の2国を安堵され九州征伐は終了した。
- Although the Shimazu clan was finally deprived of most of its territories in Kyushu, it was granted the right to rule Satsuma and Osumi Provinces as a result of the post-war actions taken by Mitsunari ISHIDA and Tadamune IJUIN.
- 「所管区域条例」に列挙される中京区の町名は『角川日本地名大辞典』のそれとおおむね一致するが、細部には差異がある(「備考」の項を参照)。
- The town names in Nakagyo Ward listed in 'Municipal Ordinance of Jurisdiction Districts' basically match those in 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten,' although differing in detail. (See 'Remarks.')
- 「所管区域条例」に列挙される下京区の町名は『角川日本地名大辞典』のそれとおおむね一致するが、細部には違いがある(「備考」の項を参照)。
- The town names in Shimogyo Ward listed in 'Municipal Ordinance of Jurisdiction Districts' basically match those in 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten,' although differing in detail. (See 'Remarks.')
- 8世紀後半の西大寺 (奈良市)文書や木簡出土例などから「高志公」は古代の越後国頸城郡・古志郡など、越後南部に分布したウジ名と考えられる。
- According to Saidai-ji Monjo (documents of Saidai-ji Temple in Nara City) and unearthed articles of mokkan (a narrow strip of wood on which an official message is written) in the latter half of the eighth century, it is considered that 'Koshi no kimi' was a name of Uji distributed in the southern part of Echigo such as Kubiki County, Koshi County, and so on in Echigo Province in ancient times.
- 友愛会京都支部の支部長を務めた高山義三(たかやま ぎぞう、のちの京都市長)は、1年間志願兵として軍隊勤務に従事し、1920年に除隊した。
- Gizo TAKAYAMA (later the Mayor of Kyoto City), who worked as the manager of the Kyoto Branch of Yuai-kai, served in the army as a volunteer for one year and left the army in 1920.
- 加藤清正・福島正則などを中心とした豊臣政権内部の2つの派閥の一つで、石田三成・小西行長などの「文治派(文吏派とも)」と対比して呼ばれる。
- This was one of the two factions in the Toyotomi government with Kiyomasa KATO and Masanori FUKUSHIMA, etc. taking a leading part, and it is often mentioned in contrast with the Bunchi-ha (also called the Bunri-ha) which was led by Mitsunari ISHIDA, Yukinaga KONISHI and others.
- やがて、所従・下人をも含めた荘民は新たな農民集団を形成して荘園領主や外部と対峙する様になり、「惣村」と呼ばれる独自の自治組織を形成する。
- As a result, the class of shomin, including shoju and genin, started to form groups of peasants which confronted the manor owners and the external parties, which was a process that eventually led to the formation of the self-governing organization called 'soson.'
- 戦国初期より、九州北部の豊前、筑前に勢力をもっていた大内氏は、東は石見・安芸、西は筑前、肥前、筑後など、多くの地域を勢力下においていた。
- From the beginning of the Sengoku period (period of warring states), the Ouchi clan which had been influential in Buzen and Chikuzen in the northern part of Kyushu placed the many regions from Iwami and Aki in the east to Chikuzen, Hizen, Chikugo and so forth in the west under its control.
- 更に長保3年11月18日の再度の内裏火災を受けて、25日に7・9の部分を更に厳格に規定した新制5ヶ条を決定して閏12月8日に公布された。
- Furthermore, after a second fire in the dairi on November 18, 1001, a shinsei consisting of five clauses was established on November 25, which further reinforced provisions of the former clauses 7 and 9, and was issued on December 8.
- 2006年10月1日より、丹後海陸交通との協働により、実証実験として市内の一部地域にて「上限200円バス」を運行したところ好評であった。
- The '200-yen fare cap bus' in cooperation with Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd started to run on a trial basis on October 1, 2006, and it was highly evaluated.
- 鎌倉幕府初代将軍の頼朝がここを拠点としたのは、父祖ゆかりの土地であったこととともに、こうした地理的条件による部分が大きかったと思われる。
- Yoritomo, the first Shogun of the Kamakura bakufu, established his stronghold here largely because Kamakura was his fatherland and has these geographical features.
- 紀伊山地には、山の中腹部に平坦に近い緩斜面が見られることがあり、地質的には紀伊山地がかつて隆起準平原であったときの名残と考えられている。
- There are gentle (almost even) slopes halfway up the Kii Mountains, and they are considered to be traces that the Kii Mountains was once a upheaval semi-plain in terms of geology.
- 西九条地区は大正7年下京区に編入され、昭和30年の南区成立後は大部分が同区に属しているが、西九条北ノ内町の一部のみ下京区に残存している。
- The Nishikujo district was incorporated into Shimogyo Ward in 1918, and since Minami Ward was established in 1955, large part of it has belonged to Minami Ward while a part of Nishikujo Kitanouchi-cho has remained in Shimogyo Ward.
- 『続日本後紀』承和2年12月3日條によれば、刑部卿の小野岑守が以前大宰大弐であった頃に開設し、墾田百四十町をもってその運営に当てたという。
- According to the 'Shoku Nihon Koki' in a section on December 29, 835, this facility was established when the Gyobukyo (Minister of Justice) ONO no Minemori, who was formerly a Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), invested earnings from approximately 140 hectares of his cultivated land into the operation.
- 広義の意味では室町時代から江戸時代にかけてのもの全部を指すが、一般に朝鮮通信使と記述する場合は狭義の意味の江戸時代のそれを指すことが多い。
- In a broader sense, the term of Chosen Tsushinshi is used for indicating all of the Korean envoys that came to Japan in the Muromachi period to the Edo period, but in a narrow sense, this term is used mostly for indicating those in the Edo period.
- なお、鳩山一郎が戦後連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の公職追放指令を受けたのは、かつて文相として滝川の処分を強行したことに関係があるといわれる。
- It is said that the forced punishment of Takigawa was one of the reasons why Ichiro HATOYAMA was banished from official positions by the GHQ in the post-war years.
- 横山城は近江北部の浅井郡と坂田郡とを分ける姉川の南岸の山の峰続きに永禄3年(1561年)、浅井長政が対六角氏用の防衛拠点として築城させた。
- Yokoyama-jo Castle was constructed in 1561 on a ridge of the mountain chain on the south side of the Ane-gawa River running between Azai County and Sakata County by Nagamasa AZAI as a base of defense against the Rokkaku clan.
- しかし、鎌倉幕府が衰え、河内国南部に楠木正成に代表される伊予橘氏(越智氏)などの系統の在地豪族が台頭すると、それに圧倒されて勢力を失った。
- However, as the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) fell into a decline and the local powerful clans, such as the Iyotachibana clan (the Ochi clan) represented by Masashige KUSUNOKI, emerged in the Southern area of Kawachi Province, it began to lose its power, being overwhelmed by such new forces.
- 同校では、かねてより一部教員による「平和教育」が「偏向教育」か否かを巡ってPTAなどにおいて保守的な父母と進歩的な父母の対立が生じていた。
- Through the school's PTA, the conservative parents and progressive parents had already had friction over 'Peace Education' by some teachers, making an issue whether it was 'Ideologically Prejudiced Education' or not.
- さらに鳩山文相との間で「滝川の処分は非常特別のものであり、教授の進退は文部省に対する総長の具状によるものとする」という「解決案」を提示した。
- He also submitted a 'solution' to Minister of Education Hatoyama that 'The punishment of Takiwgawa is an extraordinary case, and the suspension of professors is decided by the Dean with the guidance of the Ministry of Education.'
- 更に高明没後にも後一条天皇の時代に整理・加筆された(源経頼説がある)部分があり、内容・構成が違う3種類以上の系統の本があったとみられている。
- Moreover, there are parts that were improved (by MINAMOTO no Tsuneyori, according to a theory) after the death of Takaakira during the reign of the Emperor Goichijo, and it is considered that there were more than three lines of books with different contents and organizations.
- 全1冊の自筆本が東山御文庫蔵書として現存する他、同文庫・宮内庁書陵部・陽明文庫・尊経閣文庫・大東急記念文庫などに室町時代の写本が残されている。
- Besides a complete volume in the author's own handwriting which was the extent of one of the collections in the Imperial Library of the Kyoto Palace Higashiyama Bunko, handwritten copies made during the Muromachi period were held in the same Higashiyama Bunko as well as the Imperial Household Agency Shoryobu (Archives and Mausolea Department), Yomei Bunko (Yomei Archives), Sonkeikakubunkio, and Daitokyukinenbunko Library.
- なお、『武家名目抄』には「問注所は政所の別庁にて、ともに政事を沙汰する中にも、訴訟の裁判を本務とする所なり」(職名部(ハ)上)と記されている。
- In the 'Buke myomoku-sho' (Compilation of Historical Data of the Warrior Class), it is written (under the entries for the titles of offices of the first volume): 'Monchujo is a government body different from Mandokoro (Administrative Board) but makes political decisions together and functions as a court of justice.'
- この部隊の指揮官であった海軍少佐野中五郎は、鹿屋市基地を出撃する際に、「これは湊川だよ(湊川の戦いのようなものだよ)」と呟いたと言われている。
- During an attack on the Kanoya Base, it is said that the unit's commander, Lieutenant Commander Goro NONAKA, muttered the words 'This is Minatogawa' (meaning that the situation resembled the Battle of Minatogawa).
- 書類の記録・作成の必要上、右筆などの経験者が任じられることもあり、執事・執事代・所司代・開闔などの幹部も寄人・公人から選ばれることが多かった。
- Because it was necessary to record and prepare documents, experienced staff such as yuhitsu (amanuensis) were appointed, and officers such as Shitsuji (steward), Shitsujidai (deputy steward), Shoshiidai (representative of shoshi, a governor of the board of retainers) and Kaigo (assistant administrator) were often selected from yoriudo/kunin.
- 雑役免田は定免田化されると給主の権利が強まり、官物の不輸や国使入部を拒否する不入権を獲得することで、給主の一円支配を認めた荘園に転化していった。
- The Jyomenden of Zoeki Menden strengthened the rights of the Kyunushi and led to the Funyuken (right to refusal of entry of Kokushi), or exemption of tax, changing into the overall control of the Kyunushu of Shoen.
- 朝廷の武官は左右近衛、兵衛、衛門の近衛兵六衛府を代表とするが、馬寮も武官の一部を構成し、信濃、関東に多くあった「牧」はその馬寮とつながっていた。
- The military officers of the imperial court were represented by Konoehei Rokuefu (Six Imperial Guards) Sayu Konoefu (the left and right divisions of the Inner Palace Guards), Hyoe (palace guard), emon (Outer Palace Guards), and Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses) formed part of being a military officer, and many 'maki' connected to meryo that existed in the Shinano and Kanto regions.
- 朝鮮通信使を模したもので、今日にも伝わる著名なものとして唐人おどり(鈴鹿市東玉垣町、津市分部町)、唐子おどり(岡山県瀬戸内市牛窓)の3件がある。
- The three Tojin (Chinese) dances handed down, each in Higashi Tamagaki-cho, Suzuka City, in Wakebe-cho, Tsu City, or in Ushimado, Setouchi City, Okayama Prefecture, are famous for imitating Chosen Tsushinshi.
- 明治維新後、雅楽寮は楽所と統合されるなどの紆余曲折を経て宮内省式部職楽部(がくぶ)に改組され(1908年)、現在の宮内庁にそのまま引き継がれる。
- After the Meiji Restoration, with some bumps and detours such as being integrated into the gakuso, Utaryo was reorganized into Shikibushoku Gakubu (Music Department of Imperial Household Agency) in 1908 and was taken over by the present Imperial Household Agency as it was.
- 大きめの家紋を背中と両胸、袖の後ろ側、袴の尻の部分、小さめの家紋を袴の前側に2カ所、合計10カ所に染め抜いた点が直垂や素襖との大きな違いである。
- There was a big difference between Daimon and Hitatare or Suo: family crests were dyed out at ten parts of Daimon, including larger family crests at the back, right and left front sides, back side of each sleeve, and the backside of the hakama and smaller crests at two places on the front part of the hakama.
- 3月には秀吉の弟・豊臣秀長の軍勢が豊前小倉において先着していた毛利輝元や宇喜多秀家、宮部継潤ら中国の軍勢と合流し、豊臣軍の総勢は10万になった。
- In April, the forces of Hidenaga TOYOTOMI, who was Hideyoshi's younger brother, joined the Chugoku forces of Terumoto MORI, Hideie UKITA, and Keijun MIYABE who had already arrived at Buzen Kokura, making a 100,000-strong Toyotomi army.
- 一方で勝家は四国の長宗我部元親や紀伊国の雑賀衆を取り込み、特に雑賀衆は秀吉の出陣中に和泉国岸和田城などに攻撃を仕掛けるなど、後方を脅かしている。
- Meanwhile, Katsuie won over Motochika CHOSOKABE of Shikoku and Saigashu (Ikko adherents of Saiga) of Kii Province, the latter of which especially threatened the rear regions through actions such as attacking castles including Kishiwada-jo Castle in Izumi Province while Hideyoshi was on another battlefield.
- このように、移転後の鎮守府は、多賀城にある陸奥国府と併存した形でいわば第2国府のような役割を担い、胆沢の地(現在の岩手県南部一帯)を治めていた。
- Thus the Chinju-fu after the relocation served as a second kokufu, which operated separately from the Mutsu kokufu located in Taga-jo Castle, and controlled Isawa (south of Iwate Prefecture).
- 1907年、政府によるはじめての公募展、文部省第一回美術展覧会(文展)がおこなわれ、日本画・洋画・彫刻の各部門、新旧の作家らが一堂に展覧された。
- In 1907, the annual art exhibition sponsored by the Ministry of Education - for short, 'Bunten' in Japanese - was held for the first time by the government as the first exhibition inviting applicants from the public, and major artists both young and old from every field of Japanese-style painting, Western-style painting, and sculpture, exhibited their works at the same time in the same place.
- 一宮は建部神社、二宮は日吉大社、三宮は多賀大社あるいは御上神社とされるが、実際には比叡山延暦寺と関係の深い日吉神社の力が強かったと見られている。
- Although it is considered that 'Ichinomiya,' 'Ninomiya,' and 'Sannomiya' were Takebe-jinja Shrine, Hiyoshi-taisha Shrine, and Taga-taisha Shrine or Mikami-jinja Shrine, respectively, it is probable that Hiyoshi-jinja Shrine, which was deeply related with Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei, actually had a strong power.
- 遣渤海使一行(『延喜式』大蔵省式による) 大使、判官、録事、訳語、主神、医師、陰陽師、史生、船師、射手、卜部、雑使、船工、柂師、傔人、挟杪、水手。
- Members of the Kenbokkai (according to the 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) by Okura-sho shiki); ambassador, hangan (inspector (third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo period), rokuji (clerk), osa (translator), shushin (ritual official of dazaifu under the ritsuryo system, governmental office with jurisdiction over Kyushu, Iki and Tsushima), doctor, ommyoji (master of yin yang), shisho (a person handling miscellaneous duties regarding documents), funashi, ite (archer), urabe (fortune teller serving Jingikan, the Department of Worship under the ritsuryo system), tsukahibito, boat-builder, navigator, kenjin (follower), kajitori, and kako (sailor).
- 保延2年(1136年)に受領・下総守藤原親通に郡司職(事実上の領主権)を奪われて以降、常胤一族は必死になってその南部を開発していたのかもしれない。
- Since the time when the position of gunji (de facto feudal rights) was captured by zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) and Shimosa no kami FUJIWARA no Chikamichi in 1136, Tsunetane and his family were likely to have struggled to develop the southern part.
- (※)一部の藩(薩摩藩など)においては全江戸期を通じて農民に対する厳しい収奪が行われ、中農、富農が成立する条件は成立しなかったとされることもある。
- * In some domains (such as the Satsuma Domain), the harsh exploitation of farmers throughout the entire Edo period meant that the conditions under which middle-class or wealthy farmers could become established never emerged.
- 「○○大将」「○○奉行」「組頭」「番頭」「物頭」(○○には士、侍、足軽、鉄砲、槍、弓等が入る)…備の指揮官やその指揮下にある各部隊の指揮官を指す。
- Such and such daisho' (general), 'such and such bugyo,' 'kumigashira' (captain), 'ban gashira' (head of a group) 'mono gashira' (military commander) ('such and such' is replaced by samurai, samurai, ashigaru, teppo, yari, yumi, and so on) refer to commanders of the sonae or the captains of various troops under the commanders.
- 律令制下の五色の賤との歴史的連続性については、ほぼ否定されているが、江戸時代の近世部落との連続性は、現在、歴史研究の主要な議論テーマとなっている。
- Connections between these people and the five lowly castes of the ritsuryo system were mostly denied, but connections of these people with buraku in early-modern times during the Edo period has become a major theme of historical research.
- さらに1987年の球場外野席改修工事で、破壊されたと考えられていた遺構の一部が良好な状態で発見され、残る遺構も同様に残存している可能性が浮上した。
- Furthermore, some of the ancient structural remnants were discovered in good condition when repair work for the outfield bleachers of the stadium was being conducted in 1987, which raised the expectation that other remnants were remaining.
- 寺社の内部では政治権力による警察権は認められず(検断不入、不入の権 (日本)または守護不入を参照)、たとえ謀反人の捜査といえども例外ではなかった。
- In the internal area of temples and shrines, the police authority of political power was not admitted (refer to the articles on Kendan Funyu [refusal of criminal investigation of the Political power], Funyu no Ken [the right to keep the tax agents from entering the property] or Shugo Funyu [another name of shugoshi funyu, privilege of excluding agents of the shugo]) even in the case of the investigation of a rebel.
- 今後実用化されるであろうある新しい治療法(薬剤)に関しても、費用がかかるため、保険で認められるかどうかわからないといった心配も一部でなされている。
- New treatments (pharmaceuticals) that will likely be put to practical use in future require significant expense, and there is concern about whether or not these will be recognized by the insurance industry.
- 秀吉上陸を察知した島津軍は北部九州を半ば放棄、島津氏の支配が表面的な占領軍政に過ぎなかったこともあり、瞬く間に島津氏の支配している城を陥落させる。
- Upon sensing the landing of Hideyoshi, Shimazu's army almost abandoned northern Kyushu, and Hideyoshi captured castles ruled by the Shimazu clan instantly, partly because the rule by the Shimazu clan was nothing more than a formal rule by occupation forces.
- また現実の農業従事者は必ずしも百姓という呼称を差別的だととらえているとは限らず、むしろ一部の篤農家は自らを誇ってあえて百姓と自称する向きも見られる。
- It is not always true that actual agriculture workers considered the term 'hyakusho' as discriminatory, and some practical farmers who are proud of themselves, call themselves hyakusho.
- 山城国一揆(やましろのくにいっき)は、1485年(文明 (日本)17年)、山城国(現在の京都府南部)南半の上三郡(久世郡、綴喜郡、相楽郡)で起きた。
- Yamashiro no kuniikki (the uprising in Yamashiro Province) occurred in three southern counties (Kuse-gun, Tsuzuki-gun and Soraku-gun) of Yamashiro Province (currently the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture) in 1485.
- 中富川の戦い(なかとみがわのたたかい)は、1582年(天正10年)、四国統一を目指す土佐国の長宗我部元親と阿波国の十河存保との間で起きた一戦である。
- The Battle of the Nakatomi-gawa River, in 1582, was a battle between Motochika CHOSOKABE, a lord of Tosa Province, who intended to integrate the Shikoku region, and Masayasu SOGO, a lord of Awa Province.
- 為扶の孫幸扶は諏訪部幸扶と名乗り、その子孫が出雲国飯石郡の三刀屋郷の地頭職を得て出雲に入り、地名の三刀屋を名字としたことが三刀屋氏の始まりとされる。
- Sachisuke, grandson of Tamesuke, bore the name of SUWABE, whose descendant was hired as a manager and lord of manor in the Mitoya-go district in Iiishi-gun County of Izumo Province and moved to Izumo, and took the placename Mitoya as his family name, which was considered to be the beginning of the Mitoya clan.
- 小辺路が横切る川原樋川の最上流部渓流は民俗名をキリクチ谷といい、この渓流に棲息するキリクチは1962年(昭和37年)に奈良県天然記念物に指定された。
- The mountain stream at the most upstream of Kawarabi-gawa River that Kohechi crosses is commonly called kirikuchi-dani (kirikuchi valley) and kirikuchi living in this stream was registered as a natural treasure of Nara Prefecture in 1962.
- 中京区においては、区のほぼ東半分の地域の町名は単独町名であり、西部は市町村合併以前の地名を継承する「聚楽廻」「西ノ京」「壬生」を冠称する町名となる。
- In Nakagyo Ward, town names in most of the eastern half of Nakagyo Ward are independent town names, while those in the western part of Nakagyo Ward are prefixed by the place names from before the municipal merger such as 'Jurakumawari,' 'Nishinokyo' and 'Mibu.'
- その後の源平の争乱時にも、彼らは国衙を、或いは荘園を通じ、公権に基づき動員される場合には「駆武者」(かりむしゃ)と呼ばれ、戦闘の中核部隊ではなかった。
- Even during the later the Genpei War, they negotiated through either Kokuga or shoen (manor in medieval Japan), called as 'Karimusha' when mobilized due to civil rights, and were not a central fighting force of a battle.
- 本書の写本は、鎌倉時代の書写とされる九条家旧蔵本(現在は宮内庁書陵部所蔵)と、建武年間頃に抄出書写した金沢文庫旧蔵本(現在は尊経閣文庫所蔵)とがある。
- There are the following manuscripts of this document: One is the book that is said to have been copied in the Kamakura period and was formerly kept in the Kujo family (now kept in the Imperial Household Archives), and another is the book that was partially copied in around 1334 -1336 and was formerly kept in the Kanazawa Library (now kept in Sonkeikaku-bunko library).
- これらの村落では、惣内部の法規定として、明文化された惣掟(そうおきて)を全構成員の合意のもとに制定し、惣掟に違反した者へ厳しく検断権を実行していった。
- These rural communities enacted as a legal provision within sosons a clearly-stated so okite (rules) under the agreement of all constituent members and exercised severely their rights to judge criminal cases against those who broke the so okite.
- こうして兵力と補給に余裕が出てきたことにより朝鮮南部の支配を既定事実とするため、朝鮮南部へ布陣した諸将を動員して第二次晋州城攻防戦で晋州城を攻略した。
- Thus, as they could gain some leeway both in troop strength and supplies, in order to control southern Korea an established fact, commanders camped in southern Korea were called up to attack Jinju Castle (the second Siege of Jinju).
- その過程でそれぞれの氏や家に附属する所領や荘園、持仏堂などの施設が一族内部を統制する機能を持ち、氏長者や家長などの本主によって管理されるようになった。
- In that process, shoryo and shoen which belonged to each clan and each house, as well as facilities such as jibutsudo (Buddhist sanctuaries) had assumed functions to control the clan; at that time, the main family such as Uji no Choja (chieftain) or kacho (family head) began to manage them.
- 仏教の受容をめぐっては有力氏族である蘇我氏(崇仏派)と物部氏(排仏派)の間に対立があり、ついには武力抗争に突入するが、結果は崇仏派の蘇我氏が勝利した。
- Over the introduction of Buddhism, a conflict between the two influential clans, the Soga clan (pro-Buddhist) and the Mononobe clan (anti-Buddhist), escalated into an armed struggle, and it ended in the pro-Buddhist Soga clan's victory.
- 大津城天守(4重5階)を3重に縮小して移築したといわれ、昭和の天守解体修理(-)のときに、天守の用材から転用されたものと見られる部材が確認されている。
- The tenshu of Hikone-jo Castle was built by transferring and rebuilding Otsu-jo Castle (four layers, five stories) by reducing it to three-layers, and at the renovation (1957-1960) in the Showa period the apparently diverted components in the materials of the tenshu were found.
- これらの山小屋は、昼(10~16)は売店として営業しているほか、ご来光を待つ観光客や登山者のために、一部の小屋では仮眠のための宿泊も可能となっている。
- They are open during daytime (10 to 16) as a stand and some of them also provide accommodations for taking a nap for tourists and climbers who want to pray to the rising sun from the summit of the mountain.
- 死亡帳の出土例としては長岡京(京都府向日市・長岡京市・京都市)第341次調査の漆紙文書があるが、数片の断片で、死亡年月日など一部しか知ることができない。
- Another unearthed Shibocho was made of lacquer-infiltrating paper document found in the 341st research of Nagaoka-kyo (Muko City, Nagaokakyo City and Kyoto City in Kyoto Prefecture), but only some information, such as date of death, was found, because the document was found in several fragments.
- 沢柳事件(さわやなぎじけん)は、1913年から翌1914年にかけて京都帝国大学(現京都大学)で起こった、総長(学長)と学部教授会との間の内紛事件である。
- The Sawayanagi incident was an internal conflict that occurred at Kyoto Imperial University (current Kyoto University) from 1913 to 1914 in which the president of the university confronted the faculty council.
- 入学資格としては、五位以上の貴族及び東西史部(代々記録を司った)の子供および孫に限られていたが、八位以上の官人の子供にも希望があれば入学が許されていた。
- As for qualifications for enrollment, only children and grandchildren of nobles of Goi and above or those of Tozaishibu (families in charge of documenting their generations) were qualified, but children of government officials of Hachii (Eighth Rank) and above were allowed to enroll if they wish.
- 『北山抄』によると「見吏部王(重明親王)天暦七年菊合日記」(括弧は筆者註)とあり、天暦7年の菊合の御遊は、10月13日に行われている(『古今著聞集』)。
- In 'Hokuzansho' (a representative book of ceremonies for the Heian period written by FUJIWARA no Kinto), there is a mention of 'the Chrysanthemum Contest of the year 953 recorded in the diary of Kenrihoo (Imperial Prince Shigeakira)' (A parenthetical reference by the author), and it is known that the imperial event of the Chrysanthemum Contest in 953 was held on November 23 (according to 'Kokonchomonju' [A Collection of Tales Heard, Past and Present]).
- なお小式部内侍は母の和泉式部と同時期に一条天皇中宮である藤原彰子に出仕していたために、母式部と区別するために「小式部」と呼ばれるようになったとみられる。
- Furthermore, Koshikibu no Naishi was called 'Koshikibu' (small-shikibu) because she and her mother, Izumi Shikibu, served FUJIWARA no Shoshi, the second consort of the Emperor Ichijo, at the same time.
- このため秀吉は和平に際し、明の皇女を天皇に嫁がせる事や、朝鮮南部の割譲など、到底明側には受け入れられない講和条件を提示し、明の降伏使節の来朝を要求した。
- Therefore, while negotiating peace, Hideyoshi proposed conditions of peace unacceptable to Ming, such that a princess of Ming marry the emperor of Japan and the cession of the southern part of Korea and required the dispatch of an envoy to surrender from Ming.
- 葛西持信は光村に領地を与えて家臣とした(この時、下総に残った一族もかなりいたらしく、千葉県北部に及川氏が集中しており、現在の全及川氏の6%が千葉県人)。
- Mochinobu KASAI gave territories to Mitsumura and made him his retainer (at that time, many families seemed to remain in Shimousa; the OIKAWA clan concentrates in the northern part of Chiba Prefecture, and currently six percent of all OIKAWA clan are residents of Chiba Prefecture).
- このことから、狭々城山君の姓は陵戸とは無関係に存在していたと考えられ、実際には仁徳天皇の名代である雀部(ささきべ/ささべ)を祖先とする一族だと思われる。
- Consequently, it is thought that the family name of Sasakiyama gimi would have nothing to do with Misasagi no He but would instead be a family descended from Sasakibe (or Sasabe) owned by Emperor Nintoku.
- 舞鶴鎮守府隷下の舞鶴海軍航空隊は偵察部隊であるため、舞鶴軍港の防空に必要な陸上機が駐留できる基地として、中郡 (京都府)京丹後市に河辺飛行場を造成した。
- The Maizuru Naval Air Squadron which belonged to the Maizuru Naval Rear Unit Headquarters was a patrol unit, so the Kawabe Air Base was constructed in Kyotango City, Chugun (Kyoto Prefecture) so that the army planes necessary to defend the air space above Maizuru military port could be stationed.
- 秀吉の軍勢が多く近江から離れたのを好機と見た勝家は部将・佐久間盛政の意見具申もあり、4月19日 (旧暦)(6月9日)、盛政に直ちに大岩山砦を攻撃させた。
- With the majority of Hideyoshi's forces gone from Omi Province, Katsuie, seeing the situation as an opportunity, accepted a proposal from commanding officer Morimasa SAKUMA to mount an immediate attack on Oiwayama Fort on June 9.
- ほかに、バチカンへ送られた屏風に描かれたとする安土城天主の一部と見られている建物がフィリップス・バン・ウインゲによりスケッチされているものが残っている。
- Besides, a sketch of a structure made by Philips Van Wing who is believed to have depicted a part of Azuchi-jo Castle keep now exists, which was apparently a rough sketch for a folding screen later sent to the Vatican.
- その際、少しでも収量を増やすため、棚田の畔(あぜ)や土手(どて)の部分(土坡、どは)は、極限まで収量を上げるために急な傾斜に耐えられる石垣でつくられた。
- At that time, dikes and mounds of Tanada were made of stone walls which could bear steepness of the slope, for the purpose of increasing yield to the maximum.
- 1523年には惟長父子に堅志田城を奪われ甲佐町・砥用町・中山も支配下におかれるが1543年に堅志田城を奪還し、30年に及ぶ内部分裂に事実上終止符を打つ。
- In 1523, Koretoyo lost control of Katashida-jo Castle to Korenaga and his son, and they even took over control of Kosa Town, Tomochi Town, and Nakayama; however, Koretoyo regained control over the castle in 1543, finally ending the internal conflicts that had continued for 30 years.
- 甲斐一国は、武田親族衆の穴山信君に与えられた南西部の八代、巨摩2郡を除いて河尻秀隆に、信濃は森長可らに、上野は滝川一益に与えられ、統治を任せて帰国した。
- Much of Kai was given to Hidetaka KAWAJIRI, but the two southeast districts of Yatsushiro and Koma, which were given to Nobukimi ANAYAMA, a relative of Takeda; Shinano Province was given to Nagayoshi MORI and others; Kozuke was given to Kazumasu TAKIGAWA; and Nobunaga returned to his province leaving them to govern their respective provinces.
- 徳川四天王の一人・井伊直政は、関ヶ原の戦いの後、その軍功により18万石にて近江国北東部に封ぜられ、西軍指揮官・石田三成の居城であった佐和山城に入城した。
- After the Battle of Sekigahara, Naomasa II, one of Tokugawa-shitenno (four generals serving Tokugawa Ieyasu, was given the land in northeastern part of Omi Province with 180 thousand goku crop yields by his distinguished military service, and entered Sawayama-jo Castle that had belonged to Mitsunari ISHIDA, his enemy and the commander of West camp.
- 一方の東部(草津市・彦根市・米原市・長浜市など)は畿内と東国・北国を結ぶ要地であり、律令制には東山道、江戸時代には東海道・中山道・北国街道が通っていた。
- On the other hand, the eastern part (Kusatsu, Hikone, Maibara, Nagahama Cities) is a key area which connects 'Kinai' and eatstern and nothern regions of Japan; in the days of the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) Tosando ran there and in the Edo period, Tokaido, Nakasendo, and Hokkoku Kaido Road went through the area.
- 戸主「江沼臣 乙麻呂」の戸口「江沼臣 小志鹿麻呂、年21、中男、去年12月10日死」、「坂合部 昨刀自女、年58、丁女、去年12月18日死」の記録がある。
- There was a record that Ko headed by 'Otsumaro ENUMA NO OMI' had members of Ko, 'Kojikamaro ENUMA NO OMI, aged 21, chunan (young man from seventeen to twenty years old), died on December 10 of the previous year' and 'Sakaibe no Sakutojime, aged 58, teijo, died on December 18 of the previous year.'
- 7教授罷免に際して京都帝大法科大学(現・京大法学部)の教授・助教授たちは仁保亀松学長(現在の学部長)を中心に結束し、教授の人事権は教授会にありと主張した。
- When they learned of the dismissal of seven professors, professors/assistant professors of the law school of Kyoto Imperial University (current law department of Kyoto University) stood together with the principal of the school, (current dean) Kamematsu NIHO being in the center, arguing that authority over personal issues of professors should belong to faculty councils.
- ただし仏教の天部の神々も元はヒンドゥー教の神であったように、日本だけでなくインドの地域社会や中国においても、それら土着民族の神々を包摂してきた歴史がある。
- Historically, Buddhism had connoted local deities not only in Japan but also in India and China; the gods of the Buddhistic Tenbu were originally the deities of Hinduism.
- 書止の次行に年月日を記し、その下に作成した史の署判、奥上(最終行上部、この場合は年月日・史の署判の入った行の次行にあたる)に発給する弁官の署判が記された。
- A date was given in a line next to the line of the text-closing term and, under this date, the signature and stamp of the recorder who made this edict was given and those of the benkan who issued this edict is given in the ojo (over the last line, next to the line containing the date and the stamp of recorder).
- 天正13年(1585年)、秀吉は前年・前々年の戦いで常に自らの背後を脅かした紀伊国の諸勢力(紀州攻め)、四国の長宗我部元親(四国平定)を相次いで攻略した。
- In 1585, Hideyoshi attacked and captured several forces in Kii Province (attack on Kishu) and Motochika CHOSOKABE in the Shikoku region (subjugation of Shikoku); they had threatened Hideyoshi behind his back over the last two years.
- 現在、及川という苗字は岩手県の中部南部と宮城県の北部を中心としつつも(両県合わせて全及川氏の53%)、青森・秋田・山形・福島の東北地方各県に散在している。
- Currently, the OIKAWA family name centers on the middle and southern parts of Iwate Prefecture and the northern part of Miyagi Prefecture (53% of all OIKAWA clan live in both prefectures), but was scattered around the prefectures of the Tohoku region such as Aomori, Akita, Yamagata and Fukushima.
- 土器の中には口縁部に人面を表わしたものもあるが、一般にこの時代には具象的な人物表現はまれで、前代に盛んに作られた土偶もこの時代にはほとんど姿を消している。
- Some earthen vessels were engraved with a human face on their rim, but in general, the figurative expression of a human is rare during this period, and the earthen figurines enthusiastically made in the former period was almost gone in this period.
- なお、京都タワーの所在地である東塩小路町は、市制町村制施行以前の明治12年(1879年)、当時の塩小路村の一部が下京区に編入された際に成立したものである。
- Higashi Shiokoji-cho, in which Kyoto Tower is located, was established before the Municipal Government Act was enforced, in 1879 when a part of Shiokoji village at that time was incorporated into Shimogyo Ward.
- その後、江戸時代に入り、商工業の発展や社会に浸透していた文書主義などにより、実務教育の需要が一層高まり、先ず江戸や京都などの都市部に寺子屋が普及して行った。
- Later, in the Edo period, with the development of commerce and trade, and with the rise in importance of documents, the demand for practical education grew, which led to the spread of Terakoya initially in city areas such as Edo and Kyoto.
- 特に後者はいわゆる火焔式土器と称されるもので、口縁部には鶏冠ないし王冠を思わせる複雑な形状の装飾を付し、器面にも粘土紐の貼り付けで複雑な文様を表わしている。
- Of the two, the latter is what is called 'kaen-shiki doki' (the flame-shaped earthen vessel), and an elaborate decoration like a cockscomb (or a crown) was put on the rim, and clay strings were attached to the vessel's surface for showing an elaborate pattern.
- 天気予報の発表区分および気象警報・注意報の発表区分について、合併前の五條市域と旧吉野郡西吉野村域は「奈良県全域 > 奈良県北部 > 奈良県五條・北部吉野」。
- With respect to weather report classifications, and other warnings and advisories, the pre-merger Gojo City area and the former Nishi-yoshino Village area in Yoshino County belong to the 'whole area of Nara Prefecture –> the northern part of Nara Prefecture -> Gojo and the northern part of Yoshino, Nara Prefecture.'
- 酒の名所である為に利用し遊びに来る人が多く、また、宇治川に近く、交通便の良い中書島は遊廓であると同時に花街でもあり、祇園甲部に凌ぐほどの名妓を輩出してきた。
- Since it was famous for sake, many people visited and made use of the yukaku there, and being close to the Uji-gawa River with good transportation facilities, Chushojima was both a yukaku and Hanamachi (geisha districts in Kyoto) and produced many famous geishas, almost exceeding Gion Kobu district.
- 類聚符宣抄(るいじゅうふせんしょう)は、天平9年(737年)から寛治7年(1093年)までの間の太政官符・宣旨・解状を、部目別に分類して編集した法令集である。
- Ruiju fusensho is a collection of official documents where Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State), imperial decrees and gebumi (reports to upper-class persons) from 737 to 1093 were classified and compiled.
- 部落解放同盟京都府連合会委員長であった朝田善之助は、「アメリカ帝国主義とそれに従属する日本独占資本」への対決に収斂しようとする共産党系の運動論を強く批判した。
- Zennosuke ASADA, who was a chairman of the Buraku Liberation League, Kyoto Federation, strongly accused the Communist Party of the leaning movement that led to the conclusion of the confrontation against 'American imperialism and its subservient Japanese monopoly capital.'
- しかし攻撃は失敗し、帰路に巨済島で停泊していたところを水陸から攻撃され、朝鮮水軍は幹部指揮官、元均、李億祺、崔湖の戦死と共に壊滅的打撃を被った(漆川梁海戦)。
- However, the attack failed and, when they anchored at Geoje Island on their way back, they were attacked both from the land and sea and the Korean navy suffered catastrophic damage including deaths of senior commanders, Won Gyun, Lee Eokgi, and 崔湖 (the Naval Battle of Chilcheollyang).
- 更に高山義三京都市長や大達茂雄文部大臣が学校封鎖を「暴力革命」と非難して、当時の政治課題とされていた「教育2法案」の早期成立を訴えたために事態は益々混乱した。
- Furthermore, Yoshizo TAKAYAMA, the mayor of Kyoto City, and Shigeo ODACHI, the Minister of Education condemned the blockage of the school as a 'Violent revolution' and required the early establishment of the 'Two Education Laws' that made the situation more confused.
- が、この中でも格段に近接しており、両市の中心部からの距離が約10kmしか離れていない(山形市と仙台市の中心部の距離は約62km、福岡市と佐賀市は約53km)。
- However, the said cities are especially close to each other in all cities, and the centers of the both cities are only about 10km away (The distance of the centers of Yamagata City and Sendai City is about 62km, that of Fukuoka City and Saga City is about 53km).
- 信長の死後は畿内を地盤とする豊臣秀吉と、越前国福井藩を地盤とする柴田勝家の係争地となり、近江北端部で行われた賤ヶ岳の戦いにおける秀吉の勝利で決着が着けられた。
- After Nobunaga's death, Omi became the debatable ground between Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Katstuie SHIBATA, whose foundations were laid in 'Kinai' and 'Fukui Domain of Echigo Province,' respectively, and the conflict was settled when Hideyoshi's army won at the Battle of Shizugatake.
- この時、周辺にいた公卿・官人らが巻き込まれ、公卿では大納言民部卿の藤原清貫が衣服に引火した上に胸を焼かれて即死、右中弁内蔵頭の平希世も顔を焼かれて重傷を負った。
- The court nobles and government officials at the scene were injured: among the court nobles, Dainagon (Major Counselor), Minbukyo (Minister of Popular Affairs) FUJIWARA no Kiyotsura's robe caught fire, his chest was burnt and he died instantly, and Uchuben (Middle Controller of the Right) Kura no kami, (Chief of Kuraryo, Bureau of Palace Storehouses) TAIRA no Mareyo, suffered burns on his face, which was a serious injury.
- すなわち戦後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の方針により滝川は京大に復帰したが、他の「辞職組」教官らは復帰しなかった(ただし恒藤は戦後に兼任教官として短期間在任)。
- In other words, the GHQ allowed Takigawa to return to Kyoto University but other staff who resigned did not return (however, Tsuneto returned for a short period with a joint appointment in the post-war years).
- その根拠は、『小記目録』(『小右記』の目録)に「長保四年十一月五日、世事要略部類畢んぬ事」と記されていることや、本書が代々小野宮家に相伝されていたこと等である。
- The ground lies in a description in 'Shoyu mokuroku' (the contents of 'Shoyuki' [The Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke]) that reads: 'December 17, 1002, I have finished a category of seji yoryaku (examples of social affairs),' in the book having been handed down to the Ononomiya family from generation to generation, and so on.
- たとえば、薬局経営者・開業医の子が親の営む薬局・診療所を継ぐ為に医・歯・薬学部を目指したり、実子が後を継がない場合養子が跡継ぎになったりすることがよく見られる。
- For example, children of a pharmacy owner or medical practitioner will aim to enter a school of medicine, dentistry or pharmaceutical sciences in order to take over the clinic or pharmacy run by their parents, and if a biological child is not able to take over, then often an adopted child will become the successor.
- しかし、衆寡敵せず、勝頼、信勝父子・北条夫人は自害し、長坂光堅、土屋兄弟、秋山紀伊守らも殉死した(跡部勝資も殉死したとする説もあるが、諏訪防衛戦で戦死したとも。
- However, being hopelessly outnumbered, Katsuyori and his son, Nobukatsu and Mrs. Hojo committed suicide, along with Mitsukata NAGASAKA, Tsuchiya brothers and Akiyama Kii no kami (governor of Kii Province); some people believe that Katsusuke ATOBE also committed suicide, but others believe that he was killed in the battle to defend Suwa.
- 京都議定書の上位概念である気候変動枠組み条約では、一部の経済移行国を除き、基準年reference yearとして 1990年しか選択できないこととされている。
- According to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which is a superordinate concept of Kyoto Protocol, the base year, or the reference year must be 1990 for the participating countries except a part of economically developing countries.
- 1957年(昭和32年)10月15日 南宇智村を除く宇智郡内の2町6村(五條町・牧野村・北宇智村・宇智村・大阿太村・南阿太村・野原町・阪合部村)が合併して成立。
- On October 15, 1957, two towns and six villages were merged; they were Gojo Town, Makino Village, Kita Uchi Village, Uchi Village, Oada Village, Minami Ada Village, Nohara Town and Sakaaibe Village, in Uchi County and this did not include Minami Uchi Village.
- 例えば、兵庫県の篠山市や京都府の園部町(現・南丹市)、奈良県の大淀町、三重県の青山町(現・伊賀市)、滋賀県の近江八幡市や高島市、和歌山県の橋本市までも拡大した。
- The commutable area was expanded, for example, as far as Sasayama City in Hyogo Prefecture, Sonobe Town in Kyoto Prefecture (currently Nantan City), Oyodo Town in Nara Prefecture, Aoyama Town in Mie Prefecture (currently Iga City), Omihachiman City and Takashima City in Shiga Prefecture and Hashimoto City in Wakayama Prefecture.
- 田令によれば、租として納められた稲穀は一旦正倉として納められて正税とされたが、そのうちの一部を精米して所属する国に対して指定された時期(2-8月)に都へと運んだ。
- According to the Denryo, raw grain collected as So was taken to the Shoso (public repository) and considered shozei (rice tax) but part of them was refined into white rice and transported to the capital during the designated period (February to August) depending upon the province they belonged.
- 何ら暴力的な事件が起こっていなかったにもかかわらず、翌11月13日、衆議院文部委員会では、大学管理法案審議の過程で天野貞祐歴代の文部大臣がこの「事件」に言及した。
- Although there wasn't any acts of violence, the Minister for Education, Teiyu AMANO, mentioned this 'incident' the next day, November 13, at the Lower House Education Committee in the process of the deliberation of the draft law of the university administration.
- 所領給与・年紀法などの所謂「武家社会の道理」に関する部分については明記はされているものの、但書や細目、例外条項の形で触れられており、間接的に触れているに過ぎない。
- In shikimoku the section of so-called 'reason in the samurai society' regarding incomes from land taxes on shoryo (territory), Nenkiho (a legal principle for the statute of limitations on land in possession) and so force were clearly described, while only indirectly mentioned in the form of proviso, details, and article of exceptions.
- なお、『春秋公羊伝』と『春秋穀梁伝』は、宝亀7年(776年)に唐から帰国した伊与部家守(伊予部宅守)が両書の解釈を伝え、延暦17年(798年)に小経に追加された。
- When IYOBE no Iemori came back from Tang (China) in 776, he brought with him the annotations of two books, 'Shunju Kuyoden' and 'Shunju Kokuyoden,' which were added to the small scriptures in 798.
- 幕末の国学の高揚とともに、『大日本史』(一部が刊行されていた)や『日本外史』・『日本政記』・『国史略』など尊皇意識を高める書籍も藩校や一部寺子屋などで採用された。
- With the rising of the standard of learning on ancient Japanese thought and culture during the latter period of the Tokugawa Shogunate, books such as 'Nihon Gaishi,' 'Nihon Seiki,' and 'Kokushiryaku,' which increased the reverence for the Emperor, were adopted in the schools of the clans and in some of the private elementary schools for the common people.
- 1936年12月10日に日本競馬会が設立されたのに伴い、1937年1月に倶楽部主催として最後の競馬が開催され、同年5月31日に日本競馬会に統合される形で解散した。
- The Japan Racing Association was founded on December 10, 1936, the last race was conducted by the club in January of 1937, and the club was dissolved and consolidated into Japan Racing Association on May 31 of the same year.
- 不採算路線の廃止、1986年(昭和61年)に叡山電鉄の分社化、2003年(平成15年)に福井県における鉄道事業の廃止(一部路線はえちぜん鉄道が継承)をおこなった。
- The non-profitable lines were abandoned, Eizan Electric Railway was split-up in 1986, and the railway business in Fukui Prefecture was discontinued in 2003 (except for part of the lines inherited by Echizen Railway).
- 一方、田畠の少ない山地河海周辺や都市部では、住屋や宅地に対する地子(賃借料)を名目とした在家地子(ざいけじし)が賦課されて鮎・薪・炭などの非農業生産物が課された。
- Meanwhile, in areas that were scarce in paddies and fields - such as mountainous districts, riverside areas, coastal areas, and merchant districts - 'jishi' (a kind of rent, called 'zaike-jishi') was imposed on a house and its premises, and people were also obliged to provide non-agricultural products, such as sweetfish, firewood, and charcoal.
- 後村上天皇の正平 (日本)年間から明徳の和約による北朝との合一直前まで何度か出され、紀伊国・和泉国・河内国など、南朝の勢力が強かった近畿地方南部を中心に適用された。
- Choyobun was imposed a few times from the Shohei era of Emperor Gomurakami until just before the unification with the North Court by the Meitoku Treaty, which was applied mainly in the southern part of the Kinki region where the South Court had influence, such as the Kii Province, Izumi Province and Kawachi Province.
- 東京帝国大学法科の首脳は京大法科を支持、当時の奥田義夫文部大臣も「教授ノ任免ニ付テハ総長カ職権ノ運用上教授会ト協定スルハ差支ナク且ツ妥当ナリ」と京大法科を支持した。
- The head of the law school of Tokyo Imperial University supported the law school of Kyoto Imperial University, and then Minister for Education Yoshio OKUDA also supported the law school of Kyoto Imperial University by saying 'in the case of the appointment and dismissal of professors, it is all right and appropriate for the president to conclude the agreement with faculty councils.'
- また主家である少弐氏の敗勢により九州北部の所領を喪失し、家臣に代替えとして通交権益を宛がう必要もあり、通交の拡大を望みこそすれ制限は受け入れられるものではなかった。
- In addition, they lost their territory in the northern Kyushu because the influence of their master the Shoni clan became weak, so they had to grant their vassals the rights and interests of the trade instead of the land. Therefore they were eager for the expansion of the trade, and they could never accept the restrictions on the trade.
- 上田合戦(うえだかっせん)は、信濃国の上田城(現:長野県上田市)と近隣の山城周辺、上田市の東部を南北に流れる神川付近などで行われた真田氏と徳川氏の戦いの総称である。
- The Battle of Ueda is a generic name for the battles between the Sanada clan and the Tokugawa clan fought around Ueda-jo Castle in Shinano Province (present day Ueda City, Nagano Prefecture) and neighboring mountain castles, and around Kan-gawa River that runs north-south in the eastern part of Ueda City, etc.
- 元亀年間(1570年‐1573年)の織田信長と浅井長政の激しい戦いの拠点であり、信長の部将であった木下秀吉(のちの豊臣秀吉)が城番として守備していたことで知られる。
- It is known as the base of heavy fighting between Nobunaga ODA and Nagamasa AZAI from 1570 to 1573 and the place where Hideyoshi KINOSHITA (the future Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) defended as a guard when he was the commander of Nobunaga's corps.
- その後フェノロサ・岡倉天心らは日本の美術の優秀性を説き、東京美術学校開校後は岡倉天心らの手により西洋画は排斥され、工部美術学校出身者らは明治美術会を作って対抗する。
- Later, Fenollosa, Tenshin and others began to emphasize the superiority of Japanese art, and after Tokyo University of Arts opened, Tenshin (the university's president) and his followers excluded Western-style paintings from the university, the graduates from the Technological Fine Arts School and their sympathizers stood against it through founding the Meiji Art Society.
- 慶長元年9月1日、大坂城において明使を引見した秀吉は明の国書のなかの、「茲特封爾為日本国王賜之誥命(ここに特に爾を封じて日本国王に誥命賜う)」の部分を見て激怒した。
- On October 22, 1596, Hideyoshi had an interview with an envoy from Ming in Osaka-jo Castle, and he became furious when seeing the line of a diplomatic message dispatched by the sovereign in Ming, which said that 'We hereby especially recognize you and bestow upon you the title of King of Japan.'
- しかし、その後北部では家康に従う依田信蕃が戦死し、武田旧臣で、一時は織田政権に臣従した真田昌幸が新たに築城した上田城に拠り、上杉氏の援助を得て徳川氏の支配を拒んだ。
- Subsequently, however, Nobushige YODA, who was on Ieyasu's side, was killed in battle in the northern region, and Masayuki SANADA, a former vassal of Takeda who had also served under Nobunaga ODA, resided in the newly built Ueda-jo Castle, resisting the rule of the Tokugawa clan with the support of the Uesugi clan.
- 小辺路は文化財保護法にもとづく史跡「熊野参詣道」(2000年〈平成12年〉11月2日指定)の一部として、2002年(平成14年)12月19日に追加指定を受けている。
- Kohechi was additionally designated on December 19, 2002 as a part of a historical site 'Pilgrimage Route to Kumano' (first registered on November 2, 2000) based on the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
- 途中文政9年(1826年)に下野国佐野藩に加増転封されるものの、堅田領は従来通りとされ、以後内部問題は堅田藩が、大津など周辺港湾との折衝は大津代官が行う事になった。
- Although the Hotta clan was transferred to Sano Domain of Shimotsuke Province with additional properties in 1826, the estate of Katata was maintained as before and afterwards Katata Domain dealt with internal problems while Otsu Daikan held talks with the surrounding harbor areas including Otsu.
- その一方で、2007年現在も神戸市の福原 (神戸市)と並び、関西では屈指のソープランド街を形成しており、風俗街が温泉街の集客力の一部を担っていることも事実ではある。
- On the other side, the red-light area is one of the biggest special bathhouse (brothel) areas in Kansai region along with the one in Fukuhara, Kobe City, and it is also true that the red-light area plays a role in attracting guests for the hot springs resort area.
- 馬の中のごく一部がそれに堪えられたとすれば、武士という一握りの特種技能集団が成立し得る条件を備えているのは、関東においてはそもそもが馬の牧場を意味する「牧」であった。
- The 'maki' (pasture for horses and cattle, written as '牧') was originally defined as a horse farm (written as 牧場) in Kanto region and provided the condition where a handful of bushi with special units could formalize if only a few of those horses could stand training.
- 翌1926年1月15日には東京検事局の平田勲らが指揮をとり、記事報道を差し止めた上で各府県警察部特高課を動員して以後4ヶ月にわたって全国的な社研会員の検挙が行われた。
- In the next year, on January 15, 1926, Isao HIRATA and others of the Tokyo prosecutor's office assumed command, suppressed news reports, and further mobilized the Higher Police Division of each prefectural police to arrest Shaken members all over the country over the following four months.
- この人物は尚氏の子弟か近親者と推定されている(なお、宮内庁書陵部所蔵松岡本は宛先を息子の大舘晴光とするが、晴光が九郎の名乗りを用いた記録は無く、別人の可能性が高い)。
- It is presumed that this person was either Hisauji's son or relative (Matsuoka-bon (one of manuscripts) possessed by Imperial Household Archives assumed the addressee was his son Harumitsu Odachi, but there are no records proving that Harumitsu called himself Kuro and therefore, he might be an another person).
- 弥生式土器は地理的に中国大陸や朝鮮半島に近い北部九州で最初に出現したもので、他の地方でも縄文式土器に代わって製作されるようになり、北海道を除く日本全国に分布している。
- The Yayoi pottery was made at first in the northern part of the Kyushu region, which is situated close to China and the Korean Peninsula, and then Yayoi pottery began to replace Jomon pottery in other regions as well, so the excavation site of the Yayoi pottery ranges nationwide except for Hokkaido Island.
- 熊野古道の中では、起点から熊野本宮大社までを最短距離(約70キロメートル)で結び、奥高野から果無山脈にかけての紀伊山地西部の東西方向に走向する地質構造を縦断してゆく。
- It is the shortest route among Kumano-kodo, the distance from the starting point to Kumano Hongu-taisha Shrine is about 70 kilometers, and it goes over the geologically unique area from Okukoya to the Hatenashi Mountain Range which rises from the east to the west in the western part of the Kii Mountains.
- 江戸時代以降、大坂市街地の南にかつて「渡辺村」と呼ばれた被差別部落民の集落があり皮革製造、太鼓製造などを行ってきたが、ここも本来の渡辺津の場所からはかなり離れている。
- After the Edo period, on the south of the urban area of Osaka City, there was a settlement of Burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast group) called 'Watanabe-mura Village,' manufacturing leather, drums and such, and this place also was a good distance from the location where Watanabe no tsu used to be.
- 区の南西部、仁和学区の区域は、大部分が旧葛野郡聚楽村、西ノ京村、大将軍村の各一部で、これらの村のうち早くから町地化していた区域が明治元年に上京に編入されたものである。
- Most of the area of Ninna school district in the southwest part of Kamigyo Ward is a part of the former Juraku village, Nishinokyo village and Taishogun village of Kadono County, and the areas in these villages which had developed into towns from earlier times were integrated into Kamigyo in 1868.
- また当時出没し始めた倭寇による海賊的私貿易を防ぐ意味からも、沿岸部の広州・泉州・慶元(寧波)などに市舶司を置き、日本との平和的な交易を望むようになっていた(日元貿易)。
- In addition, with an aim to prevent piratical private trades by wako (Japanese pirates), the dynasty came to desire peaceful trades with Japan (trade between Japan and Yuan Dynasty) by establishing Shihakushi (the public office that operated on trade on the sea in China from T'ang-Dynasty period to the Ming Dynasty period) in Quanzhou, Qingyuan, and Ningbo.
- 殷を方国の連盟の盟主と見る場合、封建された国はより殷の支配の強い国々であったと考えられ、したがって殷代には同族や直接支配下にあった部族の有力者が封建されたと考えられる。
- If the Yin were the leaders of the Hokoku league of countries, those granted countries must have been strongly controlled by the Yin, therefore, in the Yin period, the sovereignty over the country should have been given by the Zhou Dynasty to the same families and clans directly under control.
- これらの農村の膨大な武器がほぼ完全に消滅するのは、大日本帝国が太平洋戦争においてポツダム宣言を受諾し降伏文書に調印した後の、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の占領政策による。
- These cache of weapons in the rural villages were almost completely eradicated under the Occupation policy by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) which was carried out after the Empire of Japan accepted the Potsdam Declaration for the Pacific War and the Instrument of Surrender was signed.
- 1889年(明治22年)に開校した東京美術学校(現・東京芸術大学美術学部)では「美学及び美術史」が開講され、この頃から「美術史」の語は現代と同様の意味で使用されている。
- Tokyo Fine Arts School (today's fine arts faculty of Tokyo University of the Arts), which started in 1889, opened the course of aesthetics and art history, and around then the word of art history began to be used with a similar meaning to today's.
- こうして「武士団」を「中世封建社会の担い手となる在地領主層を中核とする戦闘的権力組織で、内部構造としては、主従的な、階層関係(ヒエラルヒー)が認められるもの」と規程する。
- This type of 'bushidan' was 'a militarily ruled society that was centralized around estate owners supporting medieval feudal society, centrally formed on a master and servant hierarchical relationship.'
- なお、ここに示す順序・内訳は12万5千石の石高を有する大名、前橋藩酒井氏雅楽頭酒井家が持つ九つの備の内、本多民部左衛門備の行軍中におけるそれを示す(高木昭作 1990)。
- The order and the breakdown shown here are those of Minbusaemon HONDA's sonae during a military march, which was one of the nine sonae that belonged to the Maebashi Domain Sakai clan Uta no Kami (director of bureau of music) Sakai family, who was a daimyo with a kokudaka of 125,000 koku (Shosaku TAKAGI 1990).
- そして、国の下部組織である郡、郷、別名、保、条、院や、一円化してまとまった領域を形成するようになった荘園の管理者としての資格を得て、在地領主としての地位を獲得していった。
- They obtained the status of administrator of the local organization of the nation, meaning gun, go, bechimyo, ho, jo, and in, as well as that of shoen which had a large territory through ichienka, and eventually they became local lords.
- 1925年12月、京都府警察部特別高等警察課は、全市の警察署高等係を動員して京都帝大・同志社大学などの社研会員の自宅・下宿などを急襲、家宅捜索および学生33名を検束した。
- In December, 1925, the Special Higher Police Division of Kyoto Prefectural Police Department mobilized the Higher Police Division of all the city police to attack and conduct domiciliary searches on the houses and lodgings of all the members of Shaken of Kyoto Imperial University and Doshisha University, and arrested 33 students.
- 続いて行われた検地・刀狩も、その目的には兵農分離、すなわち体制の一部として天下人に従う武士と、単なる被支配者である農民とに国人・地侍を分離し、解体することが含まれていた。
- The following land survey and Sword Hunt included the aims of heinobunri, that is, the separation and dissolution of kokujin and jizamurai into the warrior class who followed tenkabito as a part of the framework and the farmers who were merely ruled.
- 優れた馬などは最前線にて用いられたために、小荷駄隊は足軽及び農村から徴発された人夫(陣夫)が駄馬や荷車に兵糧などを載せて引率するという機動性・戦闘力いずれも劣る部隊である。
- Since swift horses were used on the front lines, a Konidatai was a troop with inferior mobility and fighting capability that carried provisions on daba (packhorses) and carts by ashigaru (common foot soldiers) and laborers (servicemen) levied from farming villages.
- 更に鎌倉時代になると本地垂迹説による両部神道や山王神道による大祓詞(おおはらえのことば)の密教的解説や、記紀神話などに登場する神や神社の祭神の密教的説明の試みが活発化した。
- Furthermore, during the Kamakura period, it became popular to make explanations, according to esoteric Buddhism, of Ryobu Shinto based on Honji-suijaku setsu, Oharae no Kotoba based on Sanno Shinto and the enshrined deities of deities and shrines appeared in Kiki-shinwa (the Kojiki, Nihonshoki and mythology).
- そうした中、岑守は財源獲得と窮民救済を目的として、期限付き(30か年限)で管内田地の一部を大宰府直営の公営田とし、そこからの収入をもって財源に充てることを提案したのである。
- Minemori, in order to acquire funds and provide relief for the poor, proposed that they make parts of 'Kannai fields' Kubunden directly governed by Dazaifu on a temporary basis (30 years at the longest) and that they make the income part of the financial resources.
- 地子銭の納入は決して多くはなく、一部の都市(京)などにとどまっていたが、中世末期の戦国時代 (日本)ごろになると、農村部でも銭貨による地子納入の事例が見られるようになった。
- The payment of jishisen was not much in any sense and it was limited to some big cities (imperial capital) but cases of jishi payment in coins became common even in rural areas in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) in the end of the medieval period (Japan).
- よって、古代の賎民と中世以降の被差別民、さらに近代以降被差別部落と呼ばれるようになった江戸時代の被差別民共同体との歴史的連続性はなく、性質の異なる起源を有したと考えられる。
- Therefore, it can be concluded that the ancient lowly persons and those discriminated after the medieval period as well as communities of discriminated people during the Edo period which came to be called burakumin (people come from or live in special hamlets) in the modern period and after were not connected historically and had different origins.
- 部隊が駐留した旧河辺村(大宮町を経て現・京丹後市)に隣接する峰山町(現・京丹後市)の表記に合わせて「峰山」と表記する例が多いが、当時の隊員らは「峯山」と表記することが多い。
- Mineyama is most often written with the Chinese characters 峰山, the same characters as used for Mineyama Town (currently Kyotango City) adjacent to Kawabe Village (which became Omiya Town, and now Kyotango City) where the squadron was stationed, but the members of the squadron more often used the characters 峯山.
- 市内北西部には、旧大和団地(現大和ハウス工業)が開発したニュータウンである「南大和ネオポリス」(町名は田園)、「なつみ台ヴェルデステージ」(町名はなつみ台)が広がっている。
- South Daiwa Neo-police' (a town name is Denen) and 'Natsumi-dai Velde Stage' (a town name is Natsumi-dai), new towns developed by the former Daiwa Danchi Co., Ltd. (currently Daiwa House Industry Co., Ltd.) spread in the northwestern part of the city.
- その層が、地域の封建領主層に結びついて自らも小領主化して地侍となり、守護大名や国人(旧地頭層)と主従関係を持って年貢の一部免除を受けて合戦時には「寄子」クラスの軍役を務める。
- That class became connected with the feudal lord class, and they themselves became jizamurai (local samurai) as small lords to hold a master and servant relationship with the shugo daimyo (Japanese provincial military governor feudal lords) and kokujin (local samurai) (former jito), exempted from a part of nengu (land tax) and served 'Yoriko' (bushi that served under feudal lords during the Period of Warring States) class military roles during battles.
- その内部は、五十人で一隊(騎兵隊・歩兵隊)で構成され、隊正(たいせい、五十長)が隊を、旅帥(りょそち、百長)が二隊(百人)を、校尉(こうい、二百長)が四隊をそれぞれ統率した。
- Within gundan, platoons (cavalry/infantry) were composed of 50 men, and each platoon was commanded by a taisei (commander of 50 men), two platoons (100 men) were commanded by a ryosochi (commander of 100 men) and four platoons (200 men) were commanded by a koi (commander of 200 men).
- 椀飯には「殿上の椀飯」と「所々の椀飯」があり、必要な場合にその都度所管の殿上人数名に分担して調達させていたが、あくまでも公式な行事部分とは一線を画した弁当・軽食の類であった。
- Oban was classified into 'Tenjo no oban' and 'Shosho no oba' and this was gathered by the several designated tenjobito (high-ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace) when necessary, but these were bento (packed meals)/light snacks that were considered separate from the official ceremony.
- 源平の争乱を生き抜き、少なくともその時期に武士となり、鎌倉時代に御家人、源平の争乱となった者、一部の荘園の下司について以外に、後世に記録が残っていないことを考慮する必要がある。
- It is necessary to take into consideration that there should be no records of previous generations, except for records of those that survived the Genpei War and became bushi during that period, gokenin during Kamakura period, those who participated in the Genpei War, and followers of a lower ranked officer in some shoen.
- 以下の写本において、本文冒頭の記述が京都大学附属図書館蔵本では『常以月将加占事』だが、尊経閣文庫蔵本と宮内庁書陵部蔵本では、尊経閣蔵本その他では『常以月将加占時』となっている。
- While the description of the opening paragraph of the transcript possessed by The Kyoto University Library is '常以月将加占事', that of the transcripts possessed by Sonkeikaku-bunko and Imperial Household Archives is ' 常以月将加占時'.
- 負所(おっしょ)とは、中世の荘園において、本来は国衙に納めるべき雑役(場合によっては官物の一部を含む)を免除を受け、その分を自己に収めることが出来る荘園領主及びその土地を指す。
- The term 'Ossho' means the lords of Shoen (manor in medieval Japan) were exempted from and allowed to collect Zatsueki (a kind tax under the Ritsuryo system) (sometimes inclusive of the portion of Kanmotsu (tribute goods -supposed to be paid to Kokuga (provincial government offices) as well as the land of such Shoen.
- これに対して朝田善之助らは、1966年1月15日、部落解放同盟中央本部の指示によって独自に府連大会を開き、朝田を委員長とする別個の府連体制(以下「朝田府連」と呼ぶ)を構築した。
- On the other hand, on Janurary 15, 1966, ordered by the Buraku Liberation League Headquarter, Zennosuke ASADA and others held their own Kyoto Federation meeting to establish another Kyoto Federation system (hereinafter referred to as 'Asada Furen,' Asada faction's Federation) with Asada as the chairman.
- 1965年12月19日、三木らは中央本部からの中止勧告を無視する形で日本共産党の支持のもとに第13回府連大会の開催を強行し、三木を委員長とする府連体制(三木府連)を築き上げた。
- On December 19, 1965, supported by the Japanese Communist Party, Miki and others forced the 13th Kyoto Federation meeting, ignoring the recommendation for cancellation by the Headquarter, to establish the Kyoto Federation system (Miki Furen, Miki faction's Federation) with Miki as a chairman.
- 大きく分けて原本に近いと考えられる本(内閣文庫・平安博物館所蔵本など)と洞院実守書写と伝えられるものの、一部に脱落と錯簡が見られる系統(尊経閣文庫所蔵本など)のものが存在する。
- Existing books are basically divided into two groups, namely those considered to be close to the original (a book owned by the Cabinet Library, a book owned by the Heian Museum of Ancient History, etc.) and those with some omissions and out of order pages which are believed to be the manuscript of Sanemori TOIN (a book owned by Sonkeikaku Bunko Library).
- この死亡帳は同時に出土した20号文書(解文の書止部分)に「嘉承二年」(849年)、21号文書(書状)に「嘉祥三年」(850年)の年紀があることから、9世紀前半のものと判断される。
- It is judged that this Shibocho was created in the first half of the ninth century, because a year was described as 849 in Document No. 20 (back matter of a letter), and was described as 850 in Document No. 21 (letter), which were unearthed together.
- また、10世紀に入ると次第に刑部省の地位が低下するようになり、強窃二盗(強盗・窃盗)と私鋳銭に関する裁判権は検非違使に、その他の犯罪に関する裁判権は太政官に移されることになった。
- In the 10th century, the position of Gyobusho declined and the jurisdictions of robbery and counterfeit coinage were transferred to Kebiishi and the other crimes were transferred to Daijokan.
- その為、不平両班や被差別階級、困窮した農民、盗賊による反乱、蜂起、及び朝鮮軍によるその鎮圧、また朝鮮王朝内部の政争による粛正や処刑などが行われ、混乱は戦災を更に悲惨なものとした。
- Therefore, revolts and uprising of discontented yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea), discriminated classes, impoverished farmers, and thieves occurred and got suppression by the Korean army during their cleanup and executions occurred out of struggles for power in the Korean court were conducted and the such turmoil created further misery in the midst of the war damage.
- 12月2日 (旧暦)(12月26日)、秀吉は毛利氏対策として山陰は宮部継潤、山陽は蜂須賀正勝を置いた上で、和睦を反故にして大軍を率いて近江国に出兵、長浜城 (近江国)を攻撃した。
- On December 26, Hideyoshi, who had earlier assigned Keijun MIYABE to the Sanin region and Masakatsu HACHISUKA to the Sanyo region to deal with the Mori clan, broke the truce and led his large army to Omi Province, attacking Nagahama-jo Castle (Omi Province).
- ただし西洋式の絵画などを導入した動機の最大のものは建築や都市計画などの設計のためというもので、工部美術学校などがその舞台となり、芸術という概念は政府にもなじみの薄いものであった。
- The Japanese government introduced the Western-style paintings and other culture mainly because it wanted to learn architecture and city planning from the West, and the Technical Fine Arts School and others played a central role in learning, but the government itself was not familiar with the concept of geijutsu.
- 今まで農業協同組合(金融部門)は、貸付残高を増やすために戸別の農業機械導入を進めていたが、貸付リスクの少ない共有化に貸付の方向を変えており、棚田の農業システムに変化が起きている。
- Previously agricultural cooperatives (financial sector) were encouraging the introduction of agricultural machines to individual households for the purpose of increasing the amount of loan outstanding, but they have begun to shift their lending to collective ownership of machines which accompanies less credit risk, and such a shift is bringing about a change in the agricultural system in connection with Tanada.
- 馬寮の所轄は「御牧(勅旨牧)」で、「官牧」と呼ばれる「諸国牧」は兵部省の管轄であったが、そこから献上された馬の管理は馬寮であり、馬寮は直属の牧の他、畿内の官牧に管理を委託していた。
- The jurisdiction of meryo was 'Mimaki' (chokushiboku - mandate or imperial pastures) and those 'Shokumaki ' (maki of various provinces) called 'Kanboku' (state-owned sock farm) were under the control of Hyobusho (ministry of the military), but the management of horses from there was done by meryo, and meryo was entrusted with a care of maki related to it, and Kanboku of Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara).
- だが、同書は注釈部分が全部で約2,800字であり、鄭玄注釈の約2,000字よりは多いものの、孔安国注釈の約8,800字よりは遥かに少なく注釈書として決して十分なものといえなかった。
- Although the commentary of this edition had 2,800 characters in total, and had more than Teigen's 2,000 characters, it was much fewer than Ko Ankoku's, which was about 8,800 characters, and was far from being an adequate commentary.
- 同年9月に開かれた被告2名の初公判では、被告側の弁護人として11名の弁護士(この中には先述の佐伯千仭が含まれている)のほか、田畑茂二郎ら3名の法学部教官が特別弁護人として参加した。
- At the first court hearing of the two defendants held in September of that year, 11 lawyers participated as the defendants' lawyers (including the aforementioned Chihiro SAEKI) along with 3 other law faculty staff such as Shigejiro TAHATA as special lawyers.
- もっとも、天文道そのものが陰陽道と比較して日本の律令国家においては、余り重要視されたとは言えなかった部分があり、夜空の観測も平常は戌の刻と寅の刻の定時観測のみであったとされている。
- Meanwhile, tenmondo was not considered as important as onmyodo ('the way of Yin and Yang', an occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) in the ritsuryo nation of Japan, and, as a rule, observations of the sky were conducted only at fixed times, such as from 8 PM to 10 PM and from 4 AM to 6 AM.
- それらを一部挙げてみると、高野熊野街道、西熊野街道、熊野街道(『紀伊続風土記』)、高野道ないし熊野道といったものが知られているが、近世の参詣記などでは高野道ないし熊野道と呼ばれる。
- For example, it was called 'Koya-Kumano-kaido,' 'Nishi-Kumano-kaido,' 'Kumano-kaido' (according to 'Kii Zoku Fudoki'), 'Koya-michi' and 'Kumano-michi,' and in the pilgrimage records written during the early-modern period, it was called 'Koya-michi' or 'Kumano-michi' (all these 'kaido' and 'michi' mean 'road').
- この乱を「洞の乱」とも呼ぶのはこの内乱に参加した伊達氏家臣は勿論、一般には外部の戦国大名と認識されている蘆名氏や最上氏・相馬氏などもこの乱の当時においては洞の一員であったからである。
- The reason why this internal war was also called 'The Utsuro War,' was because those who participated, the vassals of the Date clan as well as the Ashina, Mogami and Soma clans, who were generally regarded as independent Sengoku daimyo, were members of Date's Utsuro at the time of the war.
- 一方、作人や小百姓は一色田や散田など年貢の一部のみの納入で許されたが、1年ごとの更新制が普通で百姓名主や在家住人よりも土地その他に対する権利保障が無く、職が与えられることも無かった。
- Those who belonged to the latter group, such as sakunin and kobyakusho, on the other hand, were given much less rights and security over the land they worked in comparison to hyakusho-myoshu and zaike-junin, as they were usually given a one-year contract and never had a possibility to attain a managerial post, in exchange for the partial payment of nengu for fields such as isshikiden and sanden.
- 不輸が認められるには、個々の田地ごとに申請を必要としていたが、出作が盛んになるとともに不輸地の一部に含めようとする荘園側とこれを阻止しようとする国司側の間で紛争が生じるようになった。
- For fuyu no ken to be recognized, it was necessary to apply for each rich field, but as desaku (an act in which farmers who live in a certain shoen cultivate lands of other)became common and the shoen side wished to include this as part of the land with fuyu no ken, a conflict arose with the Kokushi side, which wanted to stop this.
- 市西部および北部は奈良盆地の東南に位置し、寺川や初瀬川(大和川)が流れる比較的平坦な田園地帯で、桜井駅 (奈良県)および三輪駅周辺や国道165号沿線を中心として市街地を形成している。
- The western and northern parts of the city are located to the southeast of Nara Basin and form a relatively flat rural zone; this area constitutes of a downtown location, the center of which are Sakurai Station (Nara Prefecture), places around Miwa Station and along Route 165.
- 律令体制下の軍団での組織形態は、国家の組織の中での公な上官と部下であるに対し、「武士団」は平安時代に「兵(つわもの)」と呼ばれるた者達が私的に従える集団、またはその集団の結合体である。
- The organizational form of the army under the Ritsuryo system had an open senior officer and subordinate relationship while 'bushidan' was the group of people called 'tsuwamono' that served privately in the Heian period or was the combination of such groups.
- 更に平安時代末期になると、安倍氏によって天文博士の地位と天文密奏宣旨の独占が行われるようになるが、安倍氏のもう1つの家学である陰陽道との密着と安倍氏内部の内紛が天文密奏に混乱を与えた。
- At the end of Heian period, the Abe clan began to monopolize the roles of tenmon hakase and that received the imperial decree constituting the mission as the medium of tenmon misso, however, both the Abe clan's deep involvement in Onmyodo, the other family learning of the clan and the internal strife within the clan confused tenmon misso.
- 京都地裁による1927年5月の第1審判決では出版法違反および不敬罪については特赦となったが、治安維持法違反については是枝恭二(東大文学部)ら4名の禁固1年を筆頭に37名が有罪となった。
- At the first trial in May 1927, the Kyoto District Court sentenced amnesty for the violation of publishing law and lese majesty, while as for the violation of the Maintenance of Public Order Law, Kyoji KOREEDA who was in the Faculty of Letters at the University of Tokyo and three other people were sentenced to imprisonment for one year and 37 people were judged guilty.
- これを受けて検非違使庁は特に問題視された5・7・9の3ヶ条について一部修正を加えた上で新たな法文として公任から一条天皇に提出し、これを元に再度公布を行った(『権記』同年5月14日条)。
- In response to this reprimand, Kebiishicho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief) partially revised clauses 5, 7, and 9, which were the most controversial, and presented the revised shinsei as a new law to Emperor Ichijo via Kinto, and issued Chohogannenrei again based on this revision (an article dated May 14, 1000 of 'Gonki').
- 平野の圃場大型化整備の際に行われた田圃の所有権の整理が棚田ではされていないため、外部の者が一体的な風景に見える棚田の所有権はかなり複雑に入り組んでおり、1世帯あたりの耕作面積も少ない。
- Ownership of each agricultural area was organized at the time of enlargement and improvement of agricultural areas in plains, but there was no such organization in the case of Tanada, so the ownership relationships of Tanada, which look uninterrupted to outsiders, are quite complex and the area cultivated by each household is small.
- なお、柏原から三郷にかけては、北側の山道越え(信貴山越と一部重なる)、大和川の北岸に沿うルート(いわゆる亀の瀬越)、対岸の南側を沿うルート(現在の国道25号)など、複数のルートがある。
- In addition, there are more than one route between Kashiwara and Sango; the northern mountain path (partly duplicating with Mount Shigi-goe route), the route along the north bank of the River Yamato (so-called Kamenose-goe) and the route along the south bank of the River Yamato (today's National Route 25).
- 火皿(ひさら、英語:Flash pan)とは、火縄銃(マッチロックガン)や燧石式銃(フリントロック式)の銃身薬室側面に張り出したように付けられた点火用の口薬を盛るための皿状の部位のこと。
- Flash pan is a receptacle sticking out from the side of the barrel for priming powder in matchlock guns and flintlock guns.
- 翌年、鄭舜功の部下が大友氏の使者とともに京都に赴いて室町幕府に倭寇禁圧の要請をする事を許されたが、鄭舜功自身は豊後にて軟禁状態に置かれていたものの、日本の国情の調査を行うことは許された。
- During the next year, a subject of Cheng Shun-kung went to Kyoto with an envoy of the Otomo clan, and was allowed to request the Muromachi bakufu to suppress wako -- On the other hand, Cheng Shun-kung was still confined in Bungo Province, but allowed to gather intelligence of Japan's actual circumstances.
- 古代においては自前の神田・寺田に加え、律令国家によって給付された封戸や墾田開発によって成立した初期荘園が寺社の大きな収入源であった(一部の大寺院・大神社には造寺司や神郡の制度もあった)。
- In ancient times, in addition to shinden (also referred to as kanda; land held by a shrine) and jiden (also referred to as terada; land held by a temple), fuko (households of temples and shrines) granted by the Ritsuryo state (state based on ritsuryo code in the seventh century) and the early time shoen (estate) which was established by konden (development of fallow land or creation of new rice paddies) were the main source of income for the temples and shrines (Some big temples and shrines had systems such as zojishi (officials responsible for building temples, and shingun - also referred to as kamikoori; deity district).
- 800メートルあたりからはブナ林帯に入り、伯母子岳山頂周辺では、ブナ、ミズナラ、クマシデ、ヤシャブシ、オオカメノキなどの落葉広葉樹があり、山頂部の樹木には風雪の影響による矮化が見られる。
- The area above about 800 meters belongs to the Japanese beech tree zone, and near the top of Mt. Obako-dake, there grow deciduous broadleaf trees including Japanese beech tree, mizunara (quercus mongoloca var. grosseseratta), Japanese hornbeam, yashabushi (alnus firma) and okamenoki (viburnum furcatum), and the trees on the top are stunted by wind and snow.
- これは本来伊達氏特有の現象ではなく、この地域の戦国大名家の洞は周辺部にある国人領主たちによる小規模な洞をいくつも包括していく中で自己の洞という形で大名領国を形成していったと考えられている。
- This was not particular to the Date clan, since Utsuro of the Sengoku daimyo families in this region are considered to have developed into daimyo ryokoku (territories ruled by daimyo) by integrating many small-sized Utsuro of Kokujin ryoshu in neighboring regions.
- しかし、秀頼はわずか6歳の幼主であったため、豊臣氏内部で秀吉の晩年からすでに発芽していた加藤清正、福島正則ら武断派と石田三成、小西行長らによる文治派の対立が表面化し、豊臣家臣団は分裂する。
- However, since Hideyori was only six years old, the conflict between the Budan-ha (a political faction willing to resort to military means to achieve its aims) consisting of Kiyomasa KATO, Masanori FUKUSHIMA and others, and the Bunchi-ha (a civilian party) consisting of Mitsunari ISHIDA, Yukinaga KONISHI, and others, which had started during Hideyoshi's last years, came to a head and the TOYOTOMI vassals were split off.
- 『早字二重鑑』(いろは順が二回繰り返される近代辞書に似た形式)、『急用間合即座引』(いろは順の次に語尾の仮名で分類)、『大成正字通』(いろは順、部門分類、濁音仮名の有無の三段階)などである。
- For example, there were 'Hayaji Niju Kagami' (in which the words were classified and subclassified in iroha order similar to modern dictionaries), 'Kyuyomaniai Sokuzabiki'(in which the words were classified in iroha order and subclassified by kana at the end of each word) and 'Taisei seijitsu' (in which the words were classified in three steps: In iroha order, by category and by presence or absence of the Japanese syllabary for voiced consonants).
- 式部省の所管で、明経道(経書)、算道(算術)および副教科の音道(中国語の発音)、書道_(大学寮)(書き方)の四学科があり後に紀伝道(通称「文章道」、中国史・文章)と明法道(法律)が加わった。
- It was under the control of Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial), and there were two main subjects such as Myogyo-do (Keisho), Sando (arithmetic) plus two auxiliary subjects such as Ondo (pronunciation of Chinese) and calligraphy (Daigakuryo) (the way of writing); later, Kidendo (in vernacular terms, 'Monjodo (Literature)' and Myobodo (law) were added.
- ところが、後に公民でありながら、臨時雑役免除の特権を持つ荘園の一部を耕作してそこに寄人として帰属して二重の隷属関係を持つことで、本来の耕作地を含めた臨時雑役の免除を図ろうとするものも現れた。
- However, in later years, some komin had a multiple vassal relationship by farming a part of a shoen that had temporary zoyaku exemption rights and belonged there as a yoriudo as well and tried to be exempt from temporary zoyaku for their main farm lands as well.
- ところが、室町時代になると、自立した百姓らによる自治村落(惣村)の形成が進み、こうした惣村では、惣内部や時には対立する他の惣との紛争解決の検断沙汰についてすら自ら検断権を行使するようになった。
- However, during the Muromachi period, self-governing communities (sosons) by independent peasants were formed and these communities started to exercise the right themselves against Kendan-sata to settle conflicts within the communities and sometimes even between communities.
- やがて、南北朝時代 (日本)や戦国時代 (日本)の戦乱によって荘園制が崩壊すると、多くの寺社領が失われ、統一政権では検地の強化によって、一部の朱印地が幕藩体制によって保護されるに過ぎなくなる。
- When the shoen system collapsed in the disturbances during the Nanbokucho period (North and South Dynasties period) and the Sengoku period (Warring states period), many of the jisharyo were lost -- In the Toyotomi administration, kenchi (cadastral surveys) was strengthened, whereby merely a part of shuinchi (estates of temple and shrine confirmed by the shogun and exempted from tax) was protected under the bakuhan system (power structure of bakufu and daimyo domains).
- 周辺には比叡山延暦寺やその門前町の坂本 (大津市)、日吉大社、堅田の浮御堂、園城寺(三井寺)、また市内には紫式部で有名な石山寺などもあり、歴史ゆかりの文化財が多く、観光拠点としては最適である。
- There are many cultural properties, which associated with the history of Japan, such as Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei (比叡山延暦寺), Monzen-machi (門前町) (a temple town) in Sakamoto (Otsu City), Hiyoshi-taisha Shrine (日吉大社), Ukimi-do (浮御堂) in Katata (Otsu City), Onjo-ji Temple (Mii-dera Temple) (園城寺 [三井寺]), and Ishiyama-dera Temple (石山寺), which is famous for Murasaki Shikibu (紫式部), and thus, the area is the best base for sightseeing.
- また、江戸時代末期から明治時代初頭にかけて、1町が「東・西」「上・下」に分割されたり、町組に属していなかった周辺部の町が編入されるなどして町数に変動があり、明治時代初期には267町が存在した。
- From the end of Edo period to the early Meiji period, some towns were divided into 'east and west' or 'upper and lower' and some neighboring towns not belonging to any Machigumi were integrated into Fushimi, and there existed 267 towns in the early Meiji period.
- 11月26日には衆議院法務委員会に服部学長と同学会委員長が喚問される事態となり、政府(第3次吉田内閣)および与党自由党はこの事件をきっかけに大学への警官の自由な立ち入りを認めさせようと画策した。
- The president of the university Hattori and the chairman of the Dogakukai were summoned to the Lower House Judicial Affairs Committee on November 26, and the Government (the third Yoshida cabinet) and the ruling Liberal Party planned, taking advantage of this incident, to make it possible for the police to enter the university campus freely.
- こうした守護の動きに対し、荘園領主らも幕府から守護使不入権の承認を得るなどの対応を取ったが、荘園領主らの大部分は京都に在住しており、遠方にある荘園へ強い支配力を及ぼすことはほとんど困難であった。
- Trying to deal with these trends, the lords of manors obtained the right of non-entry of Shugo, but it was almost impossible for them to exert strong influence on the distant shoen because most of them lived in Kyoto.
- この戦いの結果、大坂湾の制海権は織田方のものとなったが、依然淡路島西部の制海権は毛利水軍が握っており、淡路島以西に織田氏の勢力が及んだのは1582年に3月に来島通総が離反した一時期だけであった。
- As a result of this battle, the Oda navy gained naval supremacy of Osaka Bay, but the naval supremacy of the west area of Awaji-shima Island was still held by the Mori navy and it was just for a period of time when Michifusa KURUSHIMA seceded in March 1582 that the Oda clan took control of Awaji-shima Island and westward.
- 府連側は,会館建設にあたり京都府・市をはじめとする行政当局からの補助金を受けるため、社団法人であった研究所を便宜的に前面に出したにすぎず、部落問題の総合センターとして会館が建設されたと主張した。
- The Kyoto Federation insisted, for the Hall construction, the Institute was just conveniently put on the forefront as an aggregate corporation to receive a subsidy from the government such as Kyoto Prefecture or Kyoto City since the Hall was built as a comprehensive center for Buraku problems.
- 都城は、都之城を本城とし、恒吉城、梅北城、志和池城、梶山城、勝岡城、山之口城、月山日向城、安永城、野々美谷城、末吉城、山田城及び財部城の12箇所の外城に守られており、容易に攻めることはできない。
- Miyakonojo was an impregnable fort, having Miyakonojo as a main castle, which was protected by 12 outer castles: Tsuneyoshi-jo Castle, Umekita-jo Castle, Shiwachi-jo Castle, Kajiyama-jo Castle, Katsuoka-jo Castle, Yamanokuchi-jo Castle, Gassan Hyuga-jo Castle, Yasunaga-jo Castle, Nonomidani-jo Castle, Sueyoshi-jo Castle, Yamada-jo Castle, and Takarabe-jo Castle.
- 続いて擬文章生及び蔭位の対象者、宣旨などで特に許された者に対して式部省が直接行う省試にて詩賦を課し、それに合格することにより初めて文章生になった(記録では極稀に文章得業生に抜擢された例もある)。
- Following this, gimonjosho, those who enjoyed On I (the automatic promotion of persons at the age of 21, whose parents are from the Imperial Prince to the fifth rank, or whose grandparents are above upper third rank) and those who were given permission by imperial decree would take Shoshi (an examination held by Shikibusho for determining whether applicants are employable) on poetry, which was held directly by the Shikibu sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial) and those who passed this examination became monjosho (a record shows that in exceptional cases, students were promoted to monjo tokugosho).
- 小辺路の大半が属する奈良県南部の山岳地帯は、内陸性山岳気候もしくは太平洋に影響を受けた海洋性山岳気候に属し、さらに台風の通過経路でもあることから、日本でも有数の多雨地帯であることが知られている。
- The mountainous region of the south of Nara Prefecture where most parts of Kohechi go through belongs to the continental highland climate or oceanic highland climate influenced by the Pacific Ocean, and it is on the path of typhoons, therefore, it is known as one of the areas that have significantly high rainfall.
- 区内にはいわゆる観光スポットは少ないが、北部には天智天皇山科陵、毘沙門堂門跡、安祥寺 (京都市)、本圀寺(日蓮宗大本山)などがあり、区南端近くにはともに真言宗本山寺院である勧修寺、随心院がある。
- There are few sightseeing spots in the ward except for: the Imperial Tomb of Emperor Tenji, the Bishamon-do Monzeki (monzeki is the temple formerly led by founder of sect, temple in which resided a member of nobility or imperial family), the Ansho-ji Temple (Kyoto City) and the Honkoku-ji Temple (the grand head temple of the Nichiren sect) in the northern area; and the Kaju-ji Temple and the Zuishin-in Temple, which are the head temples of the Shingon sect, in the southern area.
- 横山党(よこやまとう)は、平安時代後期から鎌倉時代にかけて、武蔵国多摩郡(現・東京都八王子市)横山庄を中心として、武蔵国(大里郡・比企郡 - 橘樹郡)および相模国北部に割拠した同族的武士団である。
- The Yokoyama Party, centered in the Yokoyama-sho estate in Tama County, Musashi Province (the present Hachioji City, Tokyo), was an armed group from the same family that existed from the late Heian period to the Kamakura period, and based themselves in Musashi Province (Osato County, Hiki County, and Tachibana County) and the northern part of Sagami Province.
- 天正10年(1582年)3月に武田氏を滅ぼしたことで、織田氏の勢力は畿内(紀伊国を除く)から、東は中部地方(越後国を除く)にかけて、西は中国東部、四国の一部にかけてという強大な勢力に伸張していた。
- By defeating the Takeda Clan in May 1582, the power of the Oda Clan became huge with its territory ranging from the Kinai region (except Kii Province) through the Chubu region (except Echigo Province) to the east and the eastern part of the Chugoku region and a part of Shikoku in the west.
- 建武 (日本)2年(1335年)には蒲原津城を築城し、翌建武3年(1336年)には、池氏、河内氏、風間氏、於木氏、千屋氏、高梨氏らと島崎城に篭もり足利尊氏方の色部高長・加地影綱らと戦うが落城した。
- In 1335 he built Kanbaranotsu-jo Castle and, in 1336, based in Shimazaki-jo Castle, it fought along with the Ike clan, the Kawachi clan, the Kazama clan, the Ogi clan, the Chiya clan and the Takanashi clan against Takanaga IROBE and Kagetsuna KAJI on the part of Takauji ASHIKAGA's army, but the castle fell to the army.
- しかしその頃、時を同じくして船によって琵琶湖を渡っていた丹羽長秀が「一度坂本に戻るべし」という部下の反対にあうも機は今を置いて他に無いと判断し、進路を変更して海津への上陸を敢行した事で戦局は一変。
- However, Nagahide NIWA, who was then crossing Lake Biwa by boat, decided that now was the time; despite objections from his subordinates that he should return to Sakamoto for the present, Nagahide changed his course and ventured a landing on Kaizu, which decisively turned the tide of the battle.
- これらの町は2009年現在も大部分が存続しているが、1997年(平成9年)と2006年(平成18年)に土地区画整理事業実施に伴う町名町界の整理があり、町数は差引で12町増えて642町となっている。
- While most of these towns still exist in 2009, the names and the borders of some towns were changed in accordance with the land readjustment project in 1997 and 2006 and the number of towns became 642 with 12 towns having been increased.
- しかし、全ての雑役免田・半輸地が消えたわけではなく、薩摩国・大隅国・日向国にまたがる摂関家最大の荘園である島津荘の寄郡(よせごおり)と呼ばれる部分は、鎌倉時代になっても国衙と荘園領主に両属していた。
- However, it was not that Zoeki Menden and Hanyuchi disappeared completely, but the part of Yosegori of the Shimazu Sho, which was the largest Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) Shoen covering Satsuma, Okuma and Hyuga Provinces was still under the governance of the Kokuga and Shoen landlord even in the Kamakura Period.
- 「儀式」のモデルになったのは、唐における礼制の集大成である礼書であったと考えられているが、日本の「儀式」は律令格式と重複する部分を削り、法令で定めるのには不適切な純粋な礼儀作法の記述に特化している。
- It was considered that 'Gishiki' modeled after the Book of Etiquette and Decorum, a compilation of decorum in Tang -- Japanese 'Gishiki' was specialized exclusively in rules and customs inappropriate to be specified in law by omitting the parts that overlapped with ritsuryo kyakushiki (Laws and regulations).
- だが、江戸時代中期以後商品作物の生産が広まってくると都市周辺部の農村など本来は米の生産が可能な地域においてもなし崩しに買納制が行われていき、江戸幕府さえもが事実上の黙認政策を採らざるを得なくなった。
- However, as the production of commercial crops became widely spread during the mid-Edo period, baino-sei was carried out even in suburban villages where rice can be produced, to which the Edo bakufu virtually took an acquiescence policy.
- 反乱は拡大して秋田城下の12村(上津野、火内、榲淵、野代、河北、腋本、方口、大河、堤、姉刀、方上、焼岡)が夷俘の支配に落ち、出羽北部ではわずか3村(添河、覇別、助川)の俘囚だけが出羽国に属していた。
- The rebellion spread, and the 12 villages near Akita-jo Castle (Kazuno, Hinai, Sugibuchi, Noshiro, Kawakita, Wakimoto, Katakuchi, Okawa, Tsutsumi, Aneto, Katagami and Yakeoka) were occupied by the Ifu; in northern Dewa only the Fushu (assimilated Emishi) in the three villages of Soekawa, Habetsu and Sukekawa belonged to Dewa Province.
- 延久2年(1070年)から永久 (元号)2年(1114年)までの記録があるが、治暦年間(1065年-1068年)頃から記していたとも言われるが、京都大学文学部所蔵の自筆1巻を残し、ほとんどが散逸する。
- Although there are records from the diary from the year 1070 to 1114, it is likely that Tamefusa began writing it between 1065 and 1068; most of it has been scattered and lost except for volume one of his own writing, which is kept at the Faculty of Letters in Kyoto University.
- 1913年7月、文部省の任命で就任して2ヵ月になったばかりの澤柳政太郎京都帝国大学総長は、教学の刷新を標榜して7教授(医科大学1名、理工科大学5名、文科大学1名)に辞表を提出させ8月に免官を発令した。
- In July 1913, the president of Kyoto Imperial University Masataro SAWAYANAGI, who was appointed by the Ministry of Education two months before, ordered seven professors (one for the medical school, five for the science and engineering school, and one for the literature school) to submit resignation letters because they called for the education reform, and dismissed them in August.
- 四道将軍の説話は単なる神話ではなく、豊城入彦命の派遣やヤマトタケル伝説などとも関連する王族による国家平定説話の一部であり、初期ヤマト王権による支配権が地方へ伸展する様子を示唆しているとする見解がある。
- According to one explanation, the story of Shido-shogun is not merely a myth but a part of a narrative of conquest of a country by members of the royal family associated with the dispatch of Toyokiirihikono-mikoto and the legend of Yamato Takeru, thus suggesting how the royal power of the early Yamato dynasty had expanded its hegemony.
- 朝田は三木府連だけでなく、同様に文化厚生会館に事務局を置いており三木と関係の深かった部落問題研究所や全国同和教育研究協議会(全同教)にも、一時府連が会館を管理すると告げ、事務局員を退去させる挙に出た。
- Asada told not only Miki Furen, but also the Institute of Buraku Problem, which was closely tied to Miki and had their office in the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall, and Zenkoku dowa kyoiku kenkyu kyogikai, the National Research Council for Dowa Education (Zendokyo) that the Kyoto Federation was temporarily in charge of the Hall, dismissing the staff from the Hall.
- この堤防は門前村(現:西日本旅客鉄道吉備線足守駅付近)から蛙ヶ鼻(石井山南麓)までの東南約4km、高さ8m、底部24m、上幅12mにわたる堅固な長堤を造り、足守川の水をせきとめようとするものであった。
- This was a firm, long embankment that measured about four kilometers toward the southeast from Monzen Village, now around Ashimori Station of the JR West Kibi Line, to Kawazugahana, at the southern foot of Mt. Ishii, eight meters high, 24 meters deep, and 12 meters wide, designed to block the waters of Ashimori-gawa River.
- やがて、文章博士経験者が従来の明経博士経験者に代わって大学頭・侍読・式部大輔などの要職を独占して公卿に昇進する者も登場するようになり、明経道が管轄する儒学に関する事柄にも文章道が関与することもあった。
- Later, as those who experienced monjo hakase, instead of those who experienced myogyo hakase, began dominating important positions such as daigaku no kami, jidoku (imperial tutor) and shikibu no taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial) and some were even promoted to kugyo, monjodo sometimes became involved in Confucianism, which was under myogyodo's control.
- 日本の火縄銃では、銃身の下部の銃床木部に、槊杖を収めるためのトンネル状の穴が設けられてそこに収まっていたが、そのままそれを装塡に使用するには耐久力に乏しいので、稽古等では太目の丈夫なものを別に携行した。
- Japanese matchlock guns had a tunnel-like hole in the wooden floor part of the barrel in order to install the ramrod, but since it was not sturdy enough to use for loading, another larger, more resilient one was carried with the gun during training.
- 源満仲は、安和の変などの印象から、藤原氏本流に臣従していたイメージが強いが、天皇を始めとして臣、公卿などに必要に応じて起用されていた、つまり支配階級全体に奉仕する傭兵部隊としての色彩がここから感じられる。
- There was an impression that MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka served under the main branch of the Fujiwara clan since the Anna Incident, but it could be interpreted from this that mercenary army that served all ranked ruling people was mobilized as needed by the emperor, minister, and kugyo (court noble).
- だが、後に門人の増加に対応するために、幅が広く仕切りなどや畳などを用いて部屋の代わりとしても用いられていた廊下に移して授業を行うようになっていたらしく、後に菅家廊下と呼ばれるようになって流布されたという。
- Later, to cope with the increased number of disciples, the lecture room might have been changed from the Sanin-tei to the hallway -- the width of which was wide enough to be substituted for compartments by using partitions and tatami mats and so forth -- and the lecture might have been called the Kanke Roka and became widely known.
- 塵芥集や六角氏式目では姦婦の殺害を定め(ただし、寝所で姦夫を討ち取った場合には姦婦の殺害は必要としない)、長宗我部元親百箇条に至っては本夫が姦婦を殺害しない場合には、姦夫・姦妻・本夫全て死刑と定めている。
- Jinkaishu (bunkokuho enforced by Tanemune DATE) and Rokkakushi shikimoku (bunkokuho of the Rokkaku clan) prescribed murder of the adulteress (however, if the adulterer was murdered in the bedroom, it was not required to murder the adulteress), and in an extreme case of Chosokabe Motochika Hyakkajo (bunkokuho by the Chosokabe clan) prescribed that if the husband didn't murder the adulteress, the adulterer, the adulteress and the husband would all be sentenced to death.
- 上述の親治にはじまる大和国の宇野氏をはじめ、織田信雄に仕えた土方雄久の土方氏、肥後国の隈部氏、陸奥国の石川氏、三河国の高木氏、楠木正成を討ち取ったとされる伊予国の大森彦七などが大和源氏の末裔を称している。
- The following clans claimed to be the descendants of Yamato-Genji: the Uno clan from Yamato Province, starting from the above-mentioned Chikaharu; the Hijikata clan of Katsuhisa HIJIKATA, who served Nobukatsu ODA; the Kumabe clan of Higo Province; the Ishikawa clan of Mutsu Province; the Takagi clan of Mikawa Province; and Hikoshichi OMORI of Iyo Province, who is believed to have slain Masashige KUSUNOKI.
- この後双方とも周囲の勢力を自らの協力体制に持ち込もうと盛んに調略を行うが、北陸の柴田氏の後方にある上杉景勝や信孝の地盤である美濃国の有力部将・稲葉一鉄が羽柴秀吉になびくなど、やや秀吉に有利な状況にあった。
- While both sides then actively devised various stratagems in order to win over the surrounding powers, the situation became slightly advantageous to Hideyoshi HASHIBA, due to his gaining allies in Kagekatsu UESUGI, the man behind the Shibata clan in Hokuriku (the northern region), and Ittetsu INABA, a powerful commanding officer in Mino Province, the stronghold of Nobutaka.
- この靺鞨国については、津田左右吉をはじめ水本浩典、熊田亮介、石井正敏などが、北海道北部の粛慎日本(あしはせ)を指すとしているが、鳥山喜一、酒寄雅志、森田悌、関口明などが渤海のことであるとしており定説はない。
- There is some deliberation in Japan about Makkatasu Province. While Sokichi TSUDA, Hironori MIZUMOTO, Ryosuke KUMATA and Masatoshi ISHII argue that it is a province in Northern Hokkaido, Japan called Ashihase, Kiichi TORIYAMA, Masashi SAKAYORI, Tei MORITA and Akira SEKIGUCHI argue that it is Bokkai, but there is no established theory.
- 播磨をようやく再び平定した秀吉は但馬国、因幡国に進出し、山名豊国らを降参させ、山名氏の反織田氏勢力と結んだ毛利氏の吉川経家を鳥取城の戦いにおいて破り、弟の豊臣秀長や宮部継潤に命じ山陰地方の征伐を進めさせた。
- After finally conquering Harima again, Hideyoshi entered into Tajima Province and Inaba Province, and reduced Toyokuni YAMANA to obedience, beat Tsuneie KIKKAWA of the Mori clan at the Battle of Tottori-jo Castle, who was part of the anti-Oda forces led by the Yamana clan, and ordered his brother Hidenaga and Keijun MIYABE to conquer the Sanin region.
- また、水場が乏しいこともあって、前鬼宿(奈良県下北山村)太古の辻以南の部分(南奥駈と呼ばれることもある)はたどられないことが一般的であり、現在でも大峯七十五靡を踏破する奥駈の行をおこなう寺院は限られている。
- In addition, since this area is short of watering places, it often happens that practitioner of austerities are not able to follow the route, the south of crossroad of ancient times (it is sometimes called minami okugake) in Zenki no Shuku (Zenki station) (Shimo Kitayama-mura, Nara Prefecture), and even now, temples which perform okugake practice (going through the entire distance of Omine seventy five nabiki) are limited.
- 延喜式においては、畿内周辺及び沿岸諸国を中心とした22ヶ国より貢進が行われ、大炊寮に対して白米17,330石 (単位)ともち米260斛、内蔵寮に対して黒米200斛、民部省に対して黒米500斛の貢進が行われた。
- 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) states that about 22 provinces surrounding Kinai and the coastal provinces donated 17,330 koku of white rice and 260 koku of mochi rice to the Oiryo (Bureau of Palace Kitchens under the Ministry of the Imperial Household), 200 koku of black rice to the Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses) and 500 koku of black rice to the Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs).
- 確かに国民皆兵性のような1戸(行政上の単位、平均30人ぐらい)から1名、年間60日の軍事訓練を受けるという段階では歩兵の比率が高そうに思えるが、騎兵部隊も確認され、軍事力の中核はそちらが担っていたようである。
- Certainly, there seemed to be a higher ratio of foot soldiers by looking at mandatory military service where one member of a family (average of around 30 members for the administrative unit) had to go for less that sixty days of military training and service, but it was the confirmed presence of cavalry that held the central military power.
- このため、穀倉院領となった旧勧学田を大学寮に返還することは、財政政策上採るところではなかった朝廷はその代償として、穀倉院から一部学生への学問料支給を行うことで大学寮側からの不満の緩和に努めたと考えられている。
- Under such circumstances, the Imperial court couldn't return the former kangakuden, which was then the territory of Kokuso-in, to Daigaku-ryo and intended to ease the dissatisfaction of Daigaku-ryo by getting Kokuso-in to grant Gakumonryo to selected students in return.
- この間に上杉勢援軍との小競り合いや更なる増援の報に接し、家康は援軍(井伊直政(一部部隊は当初より参陣)、大須賀康高、松平康重の5000)を出すと共に一時撤退を下令、これを受け徳川軍は28日に上田より撤退した。
- During this time, upon skirmishes against reinforcements of the Uesugi Army and news of additional reinforcements, Ieyasu delivered reinforcements (5000 soldiers led by Naomasa II (some troops joined the battle from the beginning), Yasutaka OSUGA, and Yasushige MATSUDAIRA) while ordering a temporary retreat, and as a result, Tokugawa's army retreated from Ueda on October 21.
- 昭和37年6月21日、折からの大学管理制度改革(文部大臣(当時)による国立大学の学長選任権及び監督権を強化する内容が含まれていた)に対して反対するデモが、京都府学生自治会連合(京都府学連)の主宰により行われた。
- On June 21 in 1962, the student union of Kyoto Prefecture organized the demonstration against the reform of university management because it included more authority of the Ministry of Education (at the time) to assign and control the presidents of the national universities.
- 惣内部の事案といえども、本来ならば、領主又はその委任を受けた守護・地頭が検断権を行使するのが、前代までの慣習であったが、惣村などの自治性の高い村落は、領主の検断介入を拒否・排除し、自検断を行うようになっていった。
- It was a tradition from the preceding era that lords or a Shugo and a Jito (military governor and estate steward) who were delegated from the lords, exercised the right to judge criminal cases even against cases within communities, but with the increased autonomy, communities rejected and excluded the lord's intervention into trials and started to conduct Jikendan themselves.
- 統計的に見て、赤道付近の太平洋中部~東部にかけて海水温が上昇・西部で低下するエルニーニョ現象が発生したときは、日本各地で梅雨入り・梅雨明け共に遅くなる傾向にあり、降水量は平年並み、日照時間は多めとなる傾向にある。
- From a statistical point of view, if El Nino in which the temperature of sea water increases in the middle and east Pacific Ocean and decreases in the west Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of the equator occurs, there is a tendency tsuyuiri and tsuyuake in Japan delay and the amount of rainfall stays as usual and the hours of sunlight increases.
- 受領は租税納入先の大寺社や摂関家のような上級貴族へ滞納が生じると、勤務評定である受領功過定(ずりょうこうかさだめ)を切り抜けるために、公領の一部の租税収納権を納入先の大寺社や摂関家に与えることが慣例になっていった。
- To deal with tax delinquencies designated to the main temples and shrines, and the high-ranked aristocracy including Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), it became customary for Zuryo to give away to those tax recipients the rights to collect taxes from parts of koryo, as an attempt to avoid poor evaluation with Zuryo koka sadame, their job performance reviews.
- その後、院政期に入ると朔旦冬至の年に官務と局務に各3部ずつ、記録所に1部を進上することが慣例化された(大治 (日本)元年藤原宗忠『中右記』・永仁5年賀茂定清『永仁五年朔旦冬至記』・明徳3年中原師豊『大外記師豊記』)。
- Later, when insei period started, people made it rule to present three copies of the calendar to kanmu and kyokumu and one copy to kirokujo in the year of sakutan toji (according to 'Chuyuki' by FUJIWARA no Munetada in 1126, 'Einin gonen sakutan tojiki' by Kamo no Sadakiyo in 1297 and 'Daigeki morotoyoki' by Morotoyo NAKAHARA in 1392).
- s気候変動に関する国際連合枠組条約の京都議定書3で定められており、土地利用・土地利用変化及び林業部門 (LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry) 活動とも呼ばれる。
- In Kyoto Protocol of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, it is called Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF).
- 荘園の成立時において、公験を得て正式に承認を受けると、朝廷(太政官弁官局または民部省)から派遣された使者(官使)及び国司から派遣された使者(国使)、荘官3者の立会のもとで荘園と公領などそれ以外の土地との境界を確認した。
- When shoen (manor in medieval Japan) was established and officially authorized by obtaining Kugen (official documents authorized by kokushi (provincial governors) or Gunji (local magistrates) for transfer of the ownership of private property), its boundaries with other lands like koryo (public lands) were confirmed in the presence of an envoy dispatched by Imperial court (either Dajokan Benkan kyoku (Oversight Department: division of the Dajokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices) or Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs)) (kanshi), an envoy dispatched by Kokushi (kokushi) and shokan (an officer governing shoen).
- 平安時代中期に都の軍事貴族であった源満仲は、二度国司を務めた摂津国川辺郡多田庄を所領として庄内多田盆地(現在の兵庫県川西市多田周辺)に入部し、現在の多田神社(旧多田院)付近に居館を構えて周辺に郎党を住まわせたとされる。
- MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka who was a military aristocrat of the capital in the middle Heian period owned Tada Manors in Kawabe district, Settsu Province, an acting governor of which he had became twice, moved to the Tada basin in the manors (the present Tada in Kawanishi City, Hyogo Prefecture), and lived in the mansion surrounded by his retainers' houses, in the vicinity of Tada-jinja Shrine (the previous Tada-In).
- 南側、つまり楽市や六角氏の居館があった方向から攻め上ろうとすると、そこには強固な石垣がある平井丸、池田丸があり、また山裾の平地部分に部隊を展開しようとすると、観音寺城の支城、箕作城、長光寺城があり挟撃される可能性がある。
- If enemies attacked the castle from the south where the Rakuichi and the residences of the Rokkaku clan were located, the Hiraimaru (Kuruwa) and Ikedamaru (Kuruwa) areas were there with strong stone walls to block them; and if enemies tried to send troops to the flatland at the skirt of the mountain, there was a possibility of a pincer drive by the armies from Mitsukuri-jo Castle and Chokoji-jo Castle, the subsidiary castles of Kannonji-jo Castle.
- 場所は現在の兵庫県神戸市中央区 (神戸市)から兵庫区北部にあたり、平氏の拠点のひとつである貿易港の大輪田泊(現在の兵庫港・神戸港西部)に人工島の経が島(経ヶ島)を築き整備拡張した港を見下ろす山麓に都を置くことが計画された。
- The plan was build Fukuhara-kyo in an area extending from Chuo Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture to northern Hyogo Ward, and it would stand at the foot of a mountain looking down over an expanded Owada no Tomari (present-day Hyogo Port/western Kobe Port), a trading port and one of the bases of the Taira clan, where an artificial island named Kyogashima Island was to be built.
- 関ヶ原の戦いの戦後処理により石田三成(近江)、小西行長(肥後)、宇喜多秀家(備前岡山)、長宗我部盛親(土佐)を始め西軍についた88の大名家が改易され、毛利氏(毛利輝元)、上杉氏(上杉景勝)など5大名家が大幅な減封を受けた。
- After the Battle of Sekigahara, 88 Daimyo families that joined the West army, such as Mitsunari ISHIDA (Omi), Yukinaga KONISHI (Higo), Hideie UKITA (Bizen Okayama), and Morichika CHOSOKABE (Tosa), were subjected to kaieki, and also, 5 Daimyo families such as the Mori clan (Terumoto MORI) and Uesugi clan (Kagekatsu UESUGI) were subjected to a severe genpo.
- 当初は田令の規定通り田租の一部が貢進されたが、田租を不動穀として備蓄する制度が始まると、国司による出納が許されていた動用倉正税の中から出挙が行われ、それによって得られた利息の一部を田租に替わって年料舂米にあてるようになった。
- Initially, part of Denso was donated as determined by the Denryo, but after the system for storing Denso as Fudokoku (staples for an emergency) started, Suiko (government loans, often seed rice) was taken from the Doyoso Shozei (movable resource) that was allowed to be taken out by the Kunishi, part of the interest earned from this was used instead of Denso to pay for Nenryoshomai.
- 日本において、キリスト教が実質的に禁じられるのは徳川家康の命による1614年(慶長19年)のキリスト教禁止令以降のことになるが、家康の禁教令も言い回しなど基本的な部分においてこの秀吉のバテレン追放令にならうものとなっている。
- Christianity was practically prohibited in Japan after the Ban on Christianity was issued in 1614 ordered by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and his prohibition edict also basically followed this Edict expelling the missionaries by Hideyoshi in the wording.
- 古代の大和国高市郡遊部(あそべ)郷・久米(くめ)郷・雲梯(うなて)郷、十市郡神戸(かむと)郷の地であり、久米御県神社・畝火山口坐神社・川俣神社・高市御県神社・天太玉命神社・宗我坐宗我都比古神社など数多くの延喜式内社が鎮座する。
- Asobe-go, Kume-go, Unate-go, Takaichi County, Yamato Province, and Kamuto-go, Toichi County used to be there in antiquity, and there are many Engishikinaisha (shrines listed in Engishiki laws) such as Kume no miagata-jinja Shrine, Unebi yamaguchi ni imasu-jinja Shrine, Kawamata-jinja Shrine, Takechi no miagata-jinja Shrine, Ame no futotamanomikoto-jinja Shrine, Sogani imasu sogatsuhiko-jinja Shrine.
- 船体構造は木を刳(く)り貫いて造られる航(かわら:船底部)の部材(刳船部材)を板材に置き換え、両角に重木(おもき)というL型の丈夫な部材を用い、数枚の棚板を重ね継ぎして、多数の船梁(ふなばり)で補強した、棚板造りの構造であった。
- The structure of the hull was Tanaita (shelf boards) structure using sawn timber as the component of Kawara (the components for the bottom of a ship), instead of the ones hollowed from a tree trunk, L-shaped strong components called Omoki for both sides and several layered Tanaita reinforced by many Funabari (beams fitted horizontally between the planks on the hull of a ship to withstand water pressure).
- 京畿道まで進出した日本軍は、冬の訪れを前にして寒冷期の漢江渡河の困難さを鑑み、慶尚道から全羅道の沿岸部へ撤収し、文禄の役の際に築かれた城郭群域の外縁部(東は蔚山から西は順天市に至る範囲)に新たな城郭群を築いて久留の計を目指した。
- Before winter, taking into consideration the difficulty of crossing Han-gang during the cold season, the Japanese army, which advanced to Gyeonggi Province, retreated from Gyeongsang Province to the coastal area of Jeolla Province and tried to build a permanent camp by constructing a number of new castles on the outer border of the area of castles constructed during Bunroku war (ranging from Ulsan in the east to Suncheon-si in the west).
- その他、2002年(平成14年)、2006年(平成18年)には2月おわりから3月初めにかけて、南岸前線が停滞したり、朝晩中心に雨の降り易いすっきりしない空が続いて、お天気キャスターの一部では「菜種梅雨の走り?」と評されたりもした。
- Other than those years, in 2002 and 2006, the south coast front became stationary and unclear sky which tended to rain mainly in the morning and night continued and certain weather-related casters commented 'the forerunner of natanetsuyu.'
- 文化厚生会館事件(ぶんかこうせいかいかんじけん)とは、部落解放同盟京都府連合会が、朝田善之助を委員長とし、同盟中央が認めた組織(朝田府連)と、三木一平を委員長とし、日本共産党が支援する組織(三木府連)に分裂したことに端を発した紛争。
- The Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall Affair is a conflict that started with the Buraku Liberation League, Kyoto Federation being divided into two groups, one (Asada Furen, Asada faction's Federation) with Zennosuke ASADA as a chairman, approved by the Headquarter of the Buraku Liberation League and the other (Miki Furen, Miki faction's Federation) with Ippei MIKI as a chairman, supported by the Japanese Communist Party.
- 範囲は、右上の図の紺色・青色・水色部分に相当し、大阪府全域、兵庫県南部、京都府南部、奈良県北部および南部の一部、滋賀県南部および北部の一部、和歌山県の橋本市・岩出市・かつらぎ町・九度山町、三重県の名張市に及び、人口は約1864万人。
- The extent corresponds to the parts colored in dark blue, blue and light blue in the right figure, and covers the entire area of Osaka prefecture, the southern part of Hyogo Prefecture, the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture, the northern part and part of the southern part of Nara Prefecture, the southern part and part of the northern part of Shiga Prefecture, Hashimoto City, Iwade City, Katsuragi Town and Kudoyama Town in Wakayama Prefecture and Nabari City in Mie Prefecture, with a population of about 18.64 million people.
- これは他の分野でも同様の現象が起きており、やがて特定の博士家が博士の職を世襲するために、家説を秘伝化・神秘化しながらこれに権威性と絶対性を与えていくことによって、学術そのものを氏族内部のみで世襲化する「家学」へと発展させることとなる。
- The same phenomena took place in other fields, and in order to take up the position of hakase by heredityparticular hakase families developed the learning itself into 'kagaku' inherited within the clan by making their family's theory esoteric and mystified, and by giving it authority and unequivocalness.
- 村がひとつの工業団地的性格を持ち、銃身等主要部分を作る鍛冶のほかに、銃床を作る「台師」、「からくり」と呼ばれる機関部や各種の金属部品それに銃身や地板(機関部基板)等に施す装飾の象嵌等にそれぞれの専門職人が居り、分業体制がとられていた。
- The entire village operated in a manner similar to an industrial estate, with craftsmen all specializing in a particular facet of firearm production such as those who manufactured important components such as the barrels, others known as 'taishi' who crafted the stocks, and those called 'karakuri' who made the mechanical parts and various metal components as well as the decoration and inlaying that was applied to the barrel and base plate.
- 環境税のうち特に炭素税については、二酸化炭素排出に対して直接課税を行う手法により、それまでの外部費用を内部化し、つまり従来は環境汚染に対する外部性ために市場経済の中で環境負荷が考慮されなかった市場の失敗を補正する役割を担うものである。
- As for a carbon tax in particular, among environmental taxes, conventionally external expenses are internalized by the method of direct taxation against the emissions of carbon dioxide, that is, it has a role of correcting the failure of a market, where an environmental burden is not considered so far in a market economy because of the externality against environmental pollutions.
- 上記のごとく寺社造営料唐船は、幕府や寺社側の必要性から派遣されたというのが通説であったが、近年の研究では、むしろ貿易船の主体は博多などの商人であり、利潤の一部を寺社の造営費用にあてるというのは看板に過ぎなかったとの見方が提唱されている。
- A prevailing view on the Jishazoeiryotosen was that, as described above, they were dispatched out of necessity of the bakufu or shines and temples, but recent studies suggest that merchants in Hakata rather had the purpose of trade and that the willingness to use a part of profits for the building expenses were only a pretext.
- その最中でも藤原頼長や近衛家実によって道具の一新や頒暦制作の振興措置が取られたが一時的なものに終わり、宝徳元年に官務・局務分をそれぞれ2部に削減して行われたことが判明(『康富記』宝徳元年11月21日条)するのが最後の御暦奏の記録である。
- Even in such a situation, FUJIWARA no Yorinaga and Iezane KONOE renewed the tools and took measures to encourage calendar-making, but this ended up as a temporally solution, and the record on the last goryakuso is an article in 'Yasutomi ki' on November 21, 1449 who said: the number of copies for kanmu and kyokumu were reduced to two, respectively.
- 日本軍に大きく後れを取った李氏朝鮮であったが、釜山を基点として支配領域を広げていた日本軍後方部隊のうち、海岸移動を行っていた船団に対して李舜臣率いる朝鮮水軍が4月と5月の二回の出撃で積極的に攻撃を加え、備えのない日本船団は被害を受けた。
- Although Yi Dynasty Korea had been beaten by the Japanese army, the Korean navy headed by Yi Sun-sin attacked, twice in May and June, actively fleet of ships that had been moving along the coast among troops at the rear of the Japanese army that had been expanding the area under its control based at Busan, and the Japanese fleet of ships that had not prepared for the damages suffered.
- 観応の擾乱において一時的に南朝へ下った足利直義や足利尊氏、義詮の側近から南朝へ転じた仁木義長・細川清氏のようなそれまでの北朝 (日本)内部の争乱の没落側と異なり、斯波一族の場合は南朝方へ走ることはなく、おとなしく守護国の越前へと下った。
- Unlike those people who were defeated in the battle inside the Northern Court (Japan), such as Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA and Takauji ASIKAGA who once submitted themselves to the Southern Court in the Kanno Disturbance or Yoshinaga NIKI and Kiyouji HOSOKAWA who shifted from the aids of Yoshiakira to the Southern Court side, Shiba clan obediently returned to Echizen Province instead of shifting to the Southern Court.
- また、同じく中部~東部で海水温が低下・西部で上昇するラニーニャ現象が発生したときは、沖縄で梅雨入りが遅めになるのを除き、日本の一部で梅雨入り・梅雨明けともに早くなる傾向にあり、降水量は一部を除き多め、日照時間はやや少なめとなる傾向にある。
- If La Nina in which the temperature of sea water decreases in the middle and east Pacific Ocean and increases in the west Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of the equator occurs, there is a tendency tsuyuiri and tsuyuake in certain part of Japan come earlier than usual except Okinawa where tsuyuiri is delayed and the amount of rainfall increases excluding certain part and the hours of sunlight decreases.
- もっとも、律令制が衰微したこの時代においても最低限の社会秩序の維持は模索されたことから、治安・司法分野においては法律の専門家である明法家に対する需要は存在し続け、以後も明法道から刑部省や弾正台、検非違使などの官人が送り込まれることとなった。
- Though the system under the ritsuryo legal codes declined, minimum social order was sought, which required Myoho experts as the specialists of law in the field of order and justice and government officials who had studied Myohodo were sent to the ministries such as Gyobusho, Danjodai, Kebiishi.
- 当初事件の主犯とされた義家の次弟の源義綱が義忠の養子源為義(源義親の五男)の討伐を受けて壊滅、また事件後真犯人がもう一人の弟(三弟)源義光であったことが明らかになるなど、源氏内部の内紛・衰退がさらに明白になり、源氏の権勢はしばらく失墜した。
- At first, MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna, the second younger brother of Yoshiie, was considered to be the main culprit, and was annihilated in the punitive expedition by MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, the adopted son of Yoshitada (the fifth son of MINAMOTO no Yoshichika), and after the incident, MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu, another younger brother (the third younger brother) was found to be the real culprit, which made internal troubles and decline of Genji more apparent and its power was lost for a while.
- そのため、小辺路や大峯奥駈道のような例外はあるものの、古人の拓いた道と現在の主要な交通路が、並行(中辺路と国道311号線、JR紀勢本線・国道42号線の紀伊半島部分と大辺路・伊勢路)していることや、重複(前述)していることが少なくないのである。
- With the exception of roads including Kohechi and Omine Okugake-michi (paths), roads developed by ancient people and current major traffic routes are often paralleled (examples: Nakahechi and National Route 311; portion of National Route 42 and the JR Kisei Main Line included in Kii Peninsula and Ohechi and Ise-ji Routes) or often overlapped (as prescribed earlier).
- この事件をきっかけに蓑田胸喜ら原理日本社の右翼、および菊池武夫 (陸軍軍人)(貴族院 (日本))や宮澤裕(衆議院・立憲政友会所属)らの国会議員は、司法官赤化の元凶として帝国大学法学部の「赤化教授」の追放を主張、司法試験委員であった滝川を非難した。
- Due to this incident, Muneki MINODA and others from the right wing group, Genri Nihonsha, Takeo KIKUCHI (army veteran) (House of Peers (Japan)), Yu MIYAZAWA (House of Representatives, affiliated with Rikken Seiyukai) and other Diet members proposed the exile of 'Red (communist) Professors' in the Faculty of Law in imperial universities as the cause of communist judges and accused Takigawa, who was a member of the bar test board.
- 滝川事件は法学部のみの処分で決着し、理学部とはほとんど関係のない事件であるので、この人物設定は歴史的な意味では正確さを欠くものともいえるが、「思想信条を理由に大学教員が弾圧された戦前の事件」としては象徴的な意味を今なお持っていることを示している。
- The punishment related to the Takigawa Incident was concluded within the Faculty of Law and has almost nothing to do with the Faculty of Science, and although this character setting is inaccurate historically, it shows that the 'incident was the oppression of thinking and ideology of pre-war university staff' has a figurative meaning to this day.
- モンゴルから国号を改めた元 (王朝)は、1274年(文永11)10月に九州北部を襲撃したが、数日で撤退した(今日では、文永の役における元軍の撤退理由が暴風雨、いわゆる神風が吹いたためとする説は信憑性が低いとされ、威力偵察が主目的であったとされる)。
- The Yuan Dynasty which developed from the Mongol empire, attacked northern Kyushu in October 1274, but retreated after a few days (today, there is little credibility to the account that the reason for the retreat of the Yuan army during the Bunei War was a severe storm, the kamikaze (divine wind), and it is considered that the main reason for the attack was a reconnaissance of military strength).
- 誰が開発領主となったのかと言えば、その領域そのものの法的所有、または国衙による開発の承認が重要なテコとなったため、自ら国衙の在庁官人となったか、あるいは国司と結びついた、留住から土着へと至った軍事貴族や前司の子弟など王臣子孫、そして一部の土豪だろう。
- Since legal ownership or a permit by Kokuga was required to cultivate a domain, they became the Zaichokanjin of Kokuga, or were military aristocrats that shifted from ryuju (the place they stayed) to dwellers, children of former governors, descendants of imperial families and nobles, and a few local clans connected to governors, in order to become the kaihatsu-ryoshu.
- そこで同じ摂津国の昆陽野(兵庫県伊丹市)、更には播磨国印南野(兵庫県加古川市)に新しい京を造営する話が持ち上がったが、どちらの話も立ち消えとなり、7月には福原をしばらく皇居とし、道路を開通させて親平氏派の一部の人々に限り宅地が与えられることになった。
- Proposals were then made to build the new capital in Koyano (Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture), Settsu Province and then in Inamino (Kakogawa City, Hyogo Prefecture), Harima Province but these came to nothing, and in July the Imperial Palace was temporarily set up in Fukuhara, and some roads were built and land was granted for houses to some Taira clan associates.
- 江戸時代になると、諸藩の藩主は、強大な統治権を得るために、家臣の知行を、土地を直接給付して独自に徴税を行わせる地方知行制から、藩が一括して徴税した米を中心とした農産物を家臣に給付して、その一部を商人を通じて換金させる蔵米知行に転換することを目指した。
- In the Edo period, the lord of each domain tried to change the fief system of their vassal from a local enforcement system in which the land was provided directly for the vassal and the vassal collected tax individually into kuramaichigyo in which the lord of the domain collected rice and farm products collectively and provided them for their vassal who, in turn, changed them into money through a dealer, in order to extend their ruling power.
- なお、一部には現存本『儀式』の中に昌泰年間に統合された兵庫寮の名称が見られることなど、昌泰・延喜年間に初出する語句が登場することから、石塚一石は延喜13年8月29日宣旨を『貞観儀式』の草稿を正式な儀式として編纂することを命じたものとする説を出している。
- In the meantime, Kazushi ISHIZUKA asserts that the imperial decree issued on October 6, 913 was the order for compiling the draft of 'Jogan gishiki' into the official one on the grounds that the terms created during the Shotai and Engi era, such as Hyogoryo (Bureau of Military Storehouses) which was integrated in the Shotai era, are found in the existent book of 'Gishiki.'
- 『小右記』永延2年12月4日 (旧暦)(989年1月14日)及び翌日条によれば、権中納言藤原道長が自らが推挙した甘南備永資が省試に落ちた腹いせに式部少輔橘淑信を強引に捕えて自邸まで引き回したために父親の摂政藤原兼家より一時勘当された事件が記されている。
- Articles in 'Shoyuki' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke) dated January 14, 989 and the next day states that Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Michinaga got disowned by his father, Sessho (regent) FUJIWARA no Kaneie: it was because Michinaga ordered the capture of Shikibu shoyu (Junior Assistant of the Ministry of Ceremonial) TACHIBANA no Yoshinobu and brought him forcibly to his house when he got upset knowing that Nagasuke KANNABI, whom Michinaga recommended, failed the shoshi exam.
- 更に公任の作成した「部類」の一部も公任娘婿の藤原教通の家に置かれたときに火災に遇い焼失(『小右記』長和4年4月13日条)し、その後残りとされる6巻が小野宮家の藤原顕仲から藤原宗忠(『中右記』の著者)に材木と引き換えに譲り受け、後に白河法皇に貸し出された。
- Furthermore, a part of the 'Burui' that Kinto made was destroyed in a fire when it was kept in the house of FUJIWARA no Norimichi (according to ''Shoyuki'' May 9, 1015) who was Kinto's adopted son-in-law, and later the 6 volumes that were assumed to be remains of the 'Burui,' were handed over to FUJIWARA no Munetada (the author of 'Chuyuki') from FUJIWARA no Akinaka in exchange for lumber, and later were lent to Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa.
- 城郭や藩庁などを中心に栄えた城下町や陣屋町、宿場中心に形成された宿場町、寺社を中心に形成された門前町などと決定的に違うのは、町の中心となる施設(城郭・大きな宿場・有力寺社など)がないことで、前述の町等まで距離がある農村部において自然発生的にできたものである。
- Zaigomachi was different from Jokamachi (castle town) or Jinyamachi (town around the feudal lord's residence) which prospered around the castle or the hancho (feudal lord's office/residence), Shukubamachi (post station town) which was formed around shukuba (post station), or Monzenmachi (temple town) formed around a temple or a shrine and did not have any landmark featuring the town (castle, big post station, large temple or shrine, or the like) and it spontaneously developed in farming villages a distance from the aforementioned machi (towns).
- 幕末になって江戸幕府及び諸藩は、火縄銃装備の「鉄砲組」を廃止し、洋式銃装備の「歩兵隊」や「銃隊」を作る必要に迫られたが、従来の足軽身分のものだけでは不十分なケースが多々見られ、こうした場合、新たに人員を募集し戦国時代の足軽隊に似た歩兵部隊を創設することがあった。
- At the end of the Edo period, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and its domains were forced to eliminate their 'matchlock infantry' armed with matchlocks and to form a 'musket infantry' or 'musket unit' armed with Western style firearms, however, the number of ashigaru (common foot soldiers) was sometimes not enough to form these infantries or units and, in these cases, new members were recruited to create a musket infantry similar to the ashigaru troops in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
- 1868年(慶応4年)、丹後国、丹波国、但馬国、播磨国、美作国5ヶ国の久美浜代官所、生野奉行支配地および但馬、丹波の旗本領は久美浜県となっていたが、生野代官所支配地を中心に分離運動が高まり、但馬(一部除く)、播磨、美作3カ国の地域が生野県として分離され、成立した。
- In 1868, places dominated by Kumihama or Ikuno magistrate's office in the five provinces of Tango, Tanba, Tajima, Harima and Mimasaka, and the Hatamoto domain in Tajima and Tanba were already consolidated into Kumihama Prefecture, but as separatist movements grew in places dominated by Ikuno magistrate's office, Tajima (except a part of it), Harima, and Mimasaka areas were separated and consolidated into Ikuno Prefecture.
- 『日本後紀』にある広世の父・和気清麻呂の薨条(延暦18年2月乙未(21日)条)に、広世が式部少輔と大学別当(大学頭)を兼務し、父・清麻呂の遺志を継いで大学寮の南側にあった私邸を弘文院として内外の経書数千巻を集め、また墾田40町を寄付して学問料を支給したと記されている。
- The entry for the date when Hiroyo's father WAKE no Kiyomaro died (April 4, 799) in 'Nihon Koki' (Later Chronicle of Japan) contains the description that -- Hiroyo concurrently assumed the offices of Shikibu shoyu (Junior Assistant of the Ministry of Ceremonies) and Daigaku Betto (Chancellor of the University) (Daigaku no kami; Director of the Bureau of Education), and, as his father Kiyomaro had wished, located his private residence south of the daigaku-ryo the Kobunin where he collected thousands of Chinese classics from inside and outside Japan, and donated 0.4 square kilometers of new rice fields for awarding scholarship funds.
- 工場等からの排出量は割り当てられた目標を達成し斬減傾向にあるものの、運輸・業務(事業所等)・民生部門の増加が目立ち、特に自動車の氾濫により自家用乗用車については 2004年現在で +52.6% もの著しい増加を見せており、全国で見ても総排出量の 16% を占めている。
- The emissions amount from factories and so on has achieved the allotted target and is in decline, but the increase of emissions from transportation operations (in business and so on) and civilian sectors has been prominent, and in particular due to a huge increase of cars, the emissions from private cars dramatically increased by +52.6% as of 2004 and accounted for 16% in the total emissions amount nationwide.
- 倭寇としても有名な九州北部の松浦党は、外部からは「党」と見られるが、その実ほとんど組織的な共同行動はとらず、南北朝時代に九州探題であった今川了俊の働きかけによって最初の下松浦党の一揆団結が行われるが、1384年(永徳4)の一揆誓約書の署名の順番はクジ引によって決たという。
- Matsuurato in northern Kyushu also famous for wako (Japanese pirates) could be interpreted as 'to' from outside, but it did not have same systemized actions, and unified for the first time during the uprising of Shimo Matsuura Party (Lower Matsuura Party) by Ryoshun IMAGAWA, who participated in the Kyushu Tandai (local commissioner) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), but the order of signature of the contract for the uprising was decided by lottery in 1384.
- 中世初期(平安時代後期~鎌倉時代中期)までの荘園公領制においては、郡司、郷司、保司などの資格を持つ公領領主、公領領主ともしばしば重複する荘官、一部の有力な名主百姓(むしろ初期においては彼らこそが正式な百姓身分保持者)が管理する「名田」(みょう)がモザイク状に混在していた。
- Under shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates) in the early medieval period (from the late Heian period to the mid-Kamakura period), the 'myo' (rice-field lot under the charge of a nominal holder), which was managed by a lord of public land qualified as Gunji (a local government official), Goji (a local government official under the Ritsuryo system) or Hoji (an officer governing public land), shokan (an officer governing a shoen (manor)) often overlapped that of a lord of public land or some powerful myoshu (owner of rice fields) who was concurrently a peasant (they instead officially held peasant status in the early age) was mixed in a mosaic-like manner.
- その他、メイストームなど、日本海や北日本方面を通過する発達した低気圧の後面に伸びる寒冷前線が本州を通過して、太平洋側に達した後、南海上の優勢な高気圧の北側に沿って、そのまま停滞前線と化して、太平洋側、主に東日本太平洋沿岸部でしばらくぐずつき天気が続くケースもその類いである。
- The case like May storm in which cold front extending behind developed low-pressure system passing the Japan Sea or north Japan, after passing through Honshu and reaching the Pacific side, becomes a stationary front along the north side of the dominant high-pressure system on the southern sea and unsettled weather continues mainly on the Pacific coastal area in east Japan is a similar phenomenon.
- だが、荘園公領制が解体する14世紀に入ると、生産力の上昇や農民層の抵抗、更に荘園内部でも上級層の没落と下級層の上昇などが発生し、更にその中で上位の者は領主や地侍としての地位を獲得して荘園領主の支配から脱却したり、荘園内外にて独自の経営地及び独自の小作関係の形成を行うようになる。
- However, during the fourteenth century, many factors, such as the improvement of productivity, the resistance of the class of peasants, and the downfall of the upper-class together with the advancement of the lower-class, contributed to the demise of the shoen-koryo sei. Further, there were those of the upper-class who attained the position as a landlord or a jizamurai (local samurai) which enabled them to break away from the rule of the manor owners and to establish their own business managing and renting their lands to local peasants.
- 戸主「高志公 ■」に対し、男子とみられる「高志公 祢宜良」(年齢不明)、「高志公 秋麻呂」(正丁)の2名、妻か母または父の妻とみられる女性「■公 広野売」(丁女)、「小長谷部 都夫郎売」(52歳、丁女)、「桑原 刀自売」(68歳、老女)、「秦 弥奈■」(年齢不明)の4名の記載がある。
- To the head of Ko, '(unidentified) KOSHI NO KIMI,' the following persons were recorded: Two considered to be sons named 'Negira KOSHI NO KIMI' (age unknown) and 'Akimaro KOSHI NO KIMI' (seitei [age classification referring to a man from 21 to 60 years old]), and four women considered to be a wife, a mother, or father's wife named 'Koyame (unidentified) KIMI' (teijo [age classification referring to a woman from 21 to 60 years old:), 'Tsubuiratsume OHASSEBE' (52 years old, teijo), 'Tojime KUWABARA' (68 years old, old woman) and 'Yana something (unidentified) HATA' (age unknown).
- 事件は、京都帝国大学法学部の瀧川幸辰教授が、1932年10月中央大学法学部で行った講演「『復活』を通して見たるトルストイの刑法観」の内容(レフ・トルストイの思想について「犯罪は国家の組織が悪いから出る」などと説明)が無政府主義的として文部省および司法省内で問題化したことに端を発する。
- The incident started when a lecture, 'Tolstoy's view on penal law through his novel, 'Resurrection'' in October 1932 by Professor Yukitoki TAKIGAWA of the Faculty of Law, Kyoto Imperial University explained in his talk that 'Criminal offenses occur when organization of the national governmental is bad,' which was considered problematic by the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Law as being anarchist.
- 例えば1428年(正長元年)派遣の使節に同行した書記官の申叔舟が著した『海東諸国紀』によると、倭寇禁圧要請と併せて倭寇の根拠地の特定、倭寇と守護大名、有力国人、土豪との関係、都市部の発展状況や通貨政策など国力状況の観察、日本での仏教の展開状況をはじめ15項目の調査内容があったという。
- For example, according to 'Kaitoshokokuki' (literally, descriptions of various countries across the sea) written by Sukchu SIN, a secretary of the envoy dispatched in 1428, the survey included 15 items including the following: identifying base-places of wako together with a request of prohibiting wako (Japanese pirates) actions, observing Japan's power, such as relationships among wako, shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords), dominant Kokujin (local samurai) and local clans, states of progress in urban areas, and monetary policies, and checking the states of progress of Buddhism in Japan.
- ただし現在でも、一部のコンピュータシステム等の問題(旧字体を使用できない、システム変更に費用がかかる)から「五条」としか表記出来ないもの(例:銀行・郵便の貯金部門)や、固有名詞であるもの(例:「五条」を冠した会社名、駅名である「五条駅」)など、僅かながらも「五条」の表記が残っている。
- However, even now, there are still a few descriptions of '五条' in the cases where only '五条' can be described (examples: banks and the savings department of post offices); this is because of problems related to how computers handle old Chinese characters, and the costs for modifying the system; for proper nouns like a company name that includes '五条,' or station names like '五条 Station' this is still an issue.
- だが、孫の藤原公任が『清慎公記』の記述内容を分野別にまとめた「部類」を作成する際に『清慎公記』の原本を切り貼りしてしまったために全巻が紙屑と化してしまうという出来事があり、従兄弟の藤原実資が激怒したという逸話がある(『小右記』寛仁4年8月18日条、万寿2年7月7日条、同5年7月1日条他)。
- According to an anecdote, there was an incident in which the whole collection of the original book of ''Seishinko-ki'' was cut into pieces because Saneyori's grandchild - FUJIWARA no Kinto – cut and pasted the original book of ''Seishinko-ki'' when he was making up 'Burui,' a descriptive content of ''Seishinko-ki'' broken into categories, and his cousin-FUJIWARA no Sanesuke was inflamed with rage. (''Shoyuki'' Sep 14, 1020/Aug 9, 1025/Jul 31, 1028 etc.)
- 続く南北朝時代 (日本)には埴科郡に割拠する有力豪族村上氏と共に北朝 (日本)方に属し、正平 (日本)6年/観応2年(1351年)6月に高梨経頼は小笠原為経・小笠原光宗らと足利直義の諏訪直頼の代官祢津宗貞と野辺原(須坂市野辺)で戦い、8月には富部河原、善光寺、米子城(須坂市米子)で戦った。
- During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Takashina clan and the powerful Murakami clan, which was active in Hanishina County, were on the Northern Court side, and Tsuneyori TAKANASHI (along with Tametsune OGASAWARA and Mitsumune OGASAWARA) fought Munesada NETSU, the local governor for Naoyori SUWA, on the side of Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA, at Nobehara (Nobe, Suzaka City) in July of 1351 at Tobe Gawara, Zenko-ji Temple, Yonago-jo Castle (Yonago, Suzaka City) in September.
- 律令制が解体すると、貴族や寺社に給付する封戸物(ふこもつ、位・官・勲功などによって位封・職封・功封があり、貴族・寺社の収入の大部分を占める)や、寺社への正税物(しょうぜいもつ、国衙が徴収した田租・官稲を合わせた正税を交易により他の必要物資に変えて給付するもの)といった国家的給付が滞るようになった。
- After the break up of the Ritsuryo system, benefits from the government such as Fukomotsu (depending upon the class, position, awards, there were Ifu, Shokufu and Kofu and this made up a large part of the income for the aristocracy and temples/shrines), which were given to the aristocrats and temples/shrines, and Shozeimotsu (shozei, a combination of rice tax and government rice collected by kokuga that were exchanged with other necessities by trade and given) to temples/shrines started to fall into arrears.
- この結果法学部教官は、解決案により要求が達成されたとして辞表を撤回した残留組(中島玉吉、末広重雄、牧健二など)と、辞表を撤回せず解決案を拒否した辞職組に分裂し、前記6教授以外に恒藤恭(のちの大阪市立大学初代学長)および田村徳治の教授2名、助教授5名、専任講師以下8名が辞職という形で事件は決着した。
- As a result, law faculty staff became divided into those who decided that their demands had been reached by the solution and retracted their resignations and stayed (Tamakichi NAKAJIMA, Shigeo SUEHIRO, Kenji MAKI, etc.), and those who resigned because they did not retract their resignations and refused the solution, who were the aforementioned six professors, two professors, Kyo TSUNETO (later the first president of Osaka Prefectural University) and Tokuji TAMURA, five associate professors and eight lecturers and the incident was concluded.
- また、文部省が京大総長の具状を待たずに分限委員会を開き滝川の休職処分を決定したことは、京大における沢柳事件(1913年 - 1914年)以来、「教授会自治」として認められていた慣行(総長の具状は教授会の同意を必要とするというもの)を無視するものであったうえに帝国大学官制にすら違反する可能性があった。
- The decision for Takigawa's extended leave by the Bungen (change in employment status) board of the Ministry of Education without waiting for an explanation from the President of Kyoto University ignored the tradition of 'Ruling by the Board of Professors' that was established by the Sawayanagi Incident (1913-1914) at Kyoto University (the explanation of the president requires the consent of the board of professors) and may have possibly been against the Imperial University Rules.
- 日本の達成が難しいと囁かれ始めた 2007年頃になって、京都議定書自体が欧米諸国による政治的な圧力であるという陰謀論(そもそも根拠が示されていない、既に支持を失った議論を蒸し返しているなどの理由により懐疑論にもなり得ていないもの)が、一部評論筋や個人の論評などで、にわかに唱えられはじめるようになった。
- Around 2007 when it was whispered that it seemed unlikely for Japan to achieve the goal, some critics or individuals began to claim a conspiracy theory that Kyoto Protocol itself was a political pressure from Western countries (it is a groundless theory and is far from even being skepticism because it is based on the issue which was once discussed and consequently lost its supporters).
- アクション(古賀春江、神原泰、中川紀元(1892年-1972年)、岡本唐貴(1903年-1986年)、矢部友衛(1892年-1981年)、吉田謙吉(1897年-1982年)、浅野孟府、中原実(1893年-1990年)、横山潤之助(1903年-1971年)、吉邨二郎(1899年-1942年)ら)1922年結成
- Action (Harue KOGA, Tai KANBARA, Kigen NAKAGAWA [1892 - 1972], Toki OKAMOTO {1903 - 1986], Tomoe YABE [1892 - 1981], Kenkichi YOSHIDA [1897 - 1982], Mofu ASANO, Minoru NAKAHARA [1893 - 1990], Junnosuke YOKOYAMA [1903 - 1971], Jiro YOSHIMURA [1899 - 1942], and others) was formed in 1922.
- 現在知られている古写本としては、尊経閣文庫蔵書の巻子本18巻(恒例7巻・臨時10巻・目録1巻、ただし恒例1巻・臨時4巻は重複)、東山御文庫蔵書の巻子本3巻(恒例1月分1巻、臨時2巻)、宮内庁書陵部蔵書の巻子本17巻(恒例8巻・臨時9巻、ただし恒例・臨時のうちそれぞれ2巻は江戸時代の写本)などが知られている。
- 18 volumes of Kansubon (book in scroll style) possessed by Sonkeikaku-bunko Library (7 volumes of Annual, 10 volumes of Temporary, and 1 volume of catalogue, although one of the volumes of Annual and 4 volumes of Temporary overlap), 3 volumes of Kansubon possessed by Higashiyama Go-bunko collection (1 volume of the section on January of Annual and 2 volumes of Temporary), and 17 volumes of Kansubon in the collection of Imperial Household Archives (8 volumes of Annual, 9 volumes of Temporary, although 2 volumes of each were manuscripts from the Edo period) are among the known old manuscripts.
- そのために遅くても11世紀中期には公田を賃租・請作した場合の地子に基づいて、1段=3斗(段別三斗)を「見米」と称して租に替わる基本的な賦課とし、それに庸・調・出挙・雑搖などに替わる地税賦課を「准米」と呼ばれる代物納(一部は絹・布・油などの手工業品を含む)の形で上乗せすることという基本が確立されることになった。
- Therefore, in the middle of the eleventh century at the latest, a basic foundation was established based on Jishi (land rent) of Koden that was leased and determined 'Genmai' of 3 to per dan (Dan betsu san to) as the basic tax instead of So, and on top of that, a property tax instead of Yo, Cho, Suiko, or Zoyo called 'Junmai' that was collected in kind (some included manufactured items such as silk, cloth, oil).
- クリーン開発メカニズム (CDM Clean Development Mechanism) とは、先進国が開発途上国に技術・資金等の支援を行い温室効果ガス排出量を削減、または吸収量を増幅する事業を実施した結果、削減できた排出量の一定量を先進国の温室効果ガス排出量の削減分の一部に充当することができる制度である。
- Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a mechanism in which developed countries support developing countries in fields such as technology and finance so as to reduce the amount of emissions of greenhouse gases and/or carry out activities to increase the amount of carbon dioxide absorption; and a certain amount of the consequently reduced emissions can be used partly as an amount of emissions of greenhouse gases in the developed countries.
- 編者・成立年代について、平安時代末期の保安 (元号)2年(1121年)、3年に書写された最古の写本(現宮内庁書陵部所蔵)が、小槻氏に永く秘蔵されていたことから、小槻氏によって編纂され、本書収録の最も新しい年次の文書が寛治7年正月19日の宣旨であるため、寛治7年から保安2年までの間に成立したと従来考えられてきた。
- Its oldest manuscript (now kept in the Imperial Household Archives) copied in 1121 to 1122, towards the end of the Heian period, was kept secretly by the Ozuki clan for a long time, with the latest document included there concerned with an imperial decree issued on 23 February, 1093, and therefore, it has been considered that the document was completed between 1093 and 1121.
- 11-12世紀の間に、開発領主として発展していったことが豊富な資料で裏付けられる安芸国高田郡の藤原氏、但馬国温泉郷(ゆのごう)の平氏、伊賀国名張郡の丈部(はせつかべ)氏、下総国相馬御厨の千葉氏、その他の例をみても、彼らが当時の「武士の棟梁」と言われた軍事貴族と人格的な主従関係をもっていたと証明することは非常に困難とされる。
- It was hard to prove that the Fujiwara clan of Takata County, Aki Province, Taira clan of Yunogo, Tanba Province, Hasetsukabe clan of Nabari County, Iga Province, and Chiba clan of Soma-mikuriya (private estate of Soma ranch), Shimosa Province that developed as the kaihatsu-ryoshu between eleventh-twelfth century, and other examples proven by many historical manuscripts, had master and servant relationships with the military aristocrats called 'toryo of bushi' at that time.
- そのため、室町幕府は応安の半済令を定めて寺社本所領の下地中分を強行する代わりに一切の押領を認めない(ただし、禁裏御料・殿下渡領・本所一円支配地は半済そのものも否認する)姿勢を取ったが、戦国時代 (日本)になるとそれも有名無実化して直務支配下にあった一部例外を除いたほとんどの寺社本所領は戦国大名や国人に奪われていくことになる。
- To cope with this situation, the Muromachi bakufu took the attitude of rejecting all the cases of embezzlement by forcing shitaji chubun (physical division of the shoen) on the jisha honjoryo by promulgating oan no hanzeirei (half-tax decrees in the oan era) (but, even the half-tax measure was rejected for kinri goryo, denka watariryo, and honjo ichien shihaichi); however, during the Sengoku period (warring states period), the decree became in name only and most part of the jisha honjoryo except for the land under the direct rule was deprived by sengoku daimyo (local chieftain of warring province) and kokujin (leading local warrior).
- 近年ではかわぐちかいじの漫画作品『ジパング (かわぐちかいじ)』に「滝川事件に連座して京大理学部を免職になり、日本軍の原子爆弾計画に関与する科学者」という設定の倉田万作(モデルは『世界文化』同人として検挙されたことがあり、戦時期には理化学研究所を中心とする日本の原子爆弾開発に関わっていた物理学者・武谷三男であると思われる)が登場する。
- In recent years, the manga work of Kaiji KAWAGUCHI 'Jipang' set Mansaku KURATA (the model is thought to be the physicist Mitsuo TAKETANI, who was involved in developing a nuclear bomb in Japan during the war period at Rikagaku Kenkyujo who had also been arrested as a member of 'Sekai Bunka') as a 'scientist who was working on the nuclear bomb plan of the Japanese army and was fired from the Faculty of Science at Kyoto University in relation with the Takigawa Incident.'
- 1981年に銀行法が全部改正された際に、「定期積金等」という定義によって、相互掛金は普通銀行での取扱も可能にはなったものの、銀行法以外の法律に基づいて設立された長期信用銀行、信用金庫、信用組合、農業協同組合、漁業協同組合、労働金庫の各根拠法は改正されなかったため、相互銀行法が廃止された現在では、普通銀行のみが取扱えるものとなっている。
- When the Banking Act was entirely revised in 1981, it became possible to handle mutual premiums in ordinary banks called 'regular deposits and others,' but each base law of long-term credit banks, credit unions, credit associations, agricultural cooperative associations, fishery cooperative associations, and labor credit associations established based upon the law, rather than the Banking Act, was not revised, therefore, now only the ordinary banks can manage it because the Mutual Loan and Savings Bank Act was abolished.
- 平安時代中期になると、開発領主が自らの土地をこの不輸租田にするために寺社や上級貴族に寄進するようになる(寄進地系荘園)が、不輸租田の指定には勅許とそれに基づく太政官符及び民部省符からなる公験が必要とされており、それらが揃った不輸租田によって構成された荘園を官省符荘、単に国司が承認したために事実上の不輸租田の対象となっていたものを国免荘田と呼ばれた。
- In the mid Heian period, kaihatsu ryoshu (local nobles who actually developed the land) began to donate their land to temples or high-ranking aristocrats in order to make their land fuyusoden (donated-type of shoen [manor]); however, they were required to submit kugen (official documents authorized by kokushi [provincial governor] or Gunji [local magistrate] for transfer of the ownership of private property) consisting of daijokanpu (official document issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) and minbushofu (official document issued by the minister of minbusho) based on the chokkyo (the imperial sanction) to have their land designated as fuyusoden -- Shoen which consisted of fuyusoden with the complete set of documents submitted was called Kanshofu sho (a shoen enjoying immunity from taxation by virtue of having official documents from both the Council of State and the Ministry of Popular Affairs), and shoen which was virtually treated as fuyusoden merely with approval of kokushi was called kokumen shoen (provincially exempted shoen).
- また、後に講日本紀(『日本書紀』の講義)に文章博士や紀伝学生(文章生)も関わっている(特に元慶講日本紀を受講して後に「日本書紀私記」をまとめたとされる矢田部名実(擬文章生、後に大内記)などは良く知られている)ことや国史編纂に関与した撰国史所の職員に紀伝学生が加わっていることから、『日本書紀』以下の「六国史」に関する講義も行われていたと考えられている。
- Also, the fact that monjo hakase and kiden students (monjosho) played roles in lectures on the chronicles of Japan (lectures on 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan)) (in particular, YATABE no Nazane (gimonjosho (student passed Ryoshi) later, Dainaiki (Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs)) who attended the lecture on the chronicles of Japan in the Gangyo era and later compiled 'Nihonshoki Shiki' (The Private Record of Chronicles of Japan) is well known) and that kiden students joined the staff of the Senkokushisho (History Compilation Bureau), which involved compiling the national history, shows that they probably had lectures on 'Rikkokushi' (the Six National Histories), which includes 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) and others.
- 当時の日本人には朝鮮人の肉食文化が野蛮なものに見えたことが原因であるとし、その根拠として『画図入(えずいり)朝鮮来聘記全』内の狂詩における「通信使が寺の中に魚や肉を持ち込んで食い散らかしている」という表現、及び淀藩の資料『朝鮮人来聘記』内の朝鮮聘礼使淀城着来図の絵に描かれたうちの一部(右図)を「通信使一行が町人の飼っている鶏を盗んで逃げようとし、日本人と喧嘩になっている」様子だとしたうえで挙げている。
- It is said that the meat-eating culture of the Koreans looked barbaric to the Japanese at that time and this was one cause of the conflicts, and as grounds for this, the following are listed: There is the expression of 'Tsushinshi brought fish and meat into a temple and ate them littering the place' in a comical poem in 'Ezuiri Chosenraiheikizen' (Descriptions of Korean visits, with pictures), and part of the picture depicting the arrival of Chosen envoy at Yodo Castle in 'Chosenjin Raiheiki' (see the picture on the right), a document in the Yodo province: It is said that this picture depicted the scene where an officer of Tsushinshi who stole a chicken kept by a townspeople was fighting with Japanese while escaping with the chicken.
- これらのグループは、1924年10月に大同団結する(『三科(三科造形美術協会)』)も、間もなく1925年には瓦解し、1925年の『造形』(浅野、神原、岡本、矢部、吉田、吉邨、作野金之助、吉原義彦、斎藤敬治、飛鳥哲雄(1895年-1997年)、牧島貞一ら)、1926年の『単位三科』(中原、大浦、仲田定之助、岡村蚊象(山口文象、1902年-1978年)ら)といったグループの動きを経て、次第に次のとおり分裂していった。
- Although these groups united for a common purpose in October 1924 (as 'Sanka' [Sanka-Zokei-Bijutsu-kyokai]), they soon collapsed in 1925 and gradually split (as below) after the movements of the groups such as 'Zokei' (Asano, Kanbara, Okamoto, Yabe, Yoshida, Yoshimura, Kinnosuke SAKUNO, Yoshihiko YOSHIHARA, Keiji SAITO, Tetsuo ASUKA [1895 - 1997], Teiichi MAKISHIMA, and others) in 1925 and 'Tan-i Sanka' (Nakahara, Oura, Sadanosuke NAKATA, Bunzo OKAMURA [Bunzo YAMAGUCHI, 1902 - 1978], and others) in 1926.
- 1420年の回礼使である宋希景は乞食が食物ではなく銭を欲しがるような貨幣経済の発達に対して驚きの声を上げた(その時の李氏朝鮮では、都市部で楮貨という紙幣が流通していた程度で、貨幣経済と呼ぶに足るものが成立しておらず、布・米を媒体とした物々交換が主であったため)といった記録が残っており、また、朝鮮で後に飢饉を救ったサツマイモ(宝暦度 1764年(宝暦14年))や揚水式水車など、日本から相応の文物を持ち帰っていたようである。
- A document records that Kiei SO (宋希景), a kaireishi (an officer sent to Japan responding to an envoy sent by Japan) sent to Japan in 1420, gave an exclamation of surprise about the highly progressed monetary economy that even a beggar wanted money instead of food (this was because, in Korea at that time, paper money called Choka was circulated only in urban areas, with no system that could be called a monetary economy established yet, and the economy was centered on barter trade based on the media of rice and cloth), and in addition, it is likely that the envoy from Korea brought back products of culture necessary for them, such as sweet potato that rescued Korean people from a famine in Korea in later years (1764) and water-pumping wheels.
- 太平洋戦争終結後、戦災復興のために各方面より無尽会社でも当座預金の取扱を可能としようとする要請が為されるようになったものの、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は当時、無尽を賭博的でギャンブルの一つであると見ており、これに難色を示したため、政府は当時の銀行並の業務を可能としつつも、無尽の取扱が可能で制度・監督上は無尽会社程度で設立可能な金融機関制度を企画、1951年に相互銀行法が成立し、日本住宅無尽株式会社を除く全社が相互銀行へ転換した。
- After the Pacific War ended, various quarters demanded to make it possible to handle checking accounts even in Mujin companies for war-damage reconstruction, but in those days the GHQ regarded Mujin as gambling and was against it, therefore, while making it possible to do business at a banking level at that time, the government planned a financial institution system where it would be possible to handle Mujin and set up a Mujin company level in the system to supervise, and thereby the Mutual Loan and Savings Bank Act was established in 1951 and all companies except Nihon Jutaku Mujin K.K. shifted to the mutual banking system.
- だが、実際に『延喜儀式』が朝廷の儀礼など用いられた事が確認できる記録が無く、逸文の初出も延喜年間より100年以上も経た『北山抄』であり、その後は院政期の書物に限られる事から、延喜年間に編纂されたものの『貞観儀式』(『儀式』)の部分的手直しに過ぎないとする説や、完成したが施行されなかったとする説、未完成に終わったとする説、更には延喜期の編纂ではなく11世紀までに成立した延喜期の儀礼に関する記録が儀式と看做された説などが諸説に分かれている。
- Yet, from the fact that there were no records to prove that 'Engi Gishiki' was practically used in formalities at the imperial court, that its surviving fragment first appeared in 'Hokuzansho' which was written more than one hundred years after the Engi era, and that it only appeared in documents during the period under the rule of Cloistered Emperors, some said that Engi Gishiki was compiled in the Engi era, but just as a partial improvement of 'Jogan Gishiki' ('Gishiki'), some said that it was completed, but did not come into use, some said that it was not completed, and some said that it was not compiled during the Engi era, but records on the formalities in the Engi era established until the eleventh century were considered to be Gishiki.
- 更に『兵範記』には久寿元年(1154年)の省試が、予め関白藤原忠通・左大臣藤原頼長・崇徳天皇、そして式部省・大学寮幹部の間で入分(合格)者の枠を配分した後に試験が実施された事実を記しているのである(大幅に時代が下るが、試験が全く形骸化した15世紀に書かれた『桂林遺芳抄』によれば、宣旨分(天皇)2・院御分(上皇・法皇)1・殿下分(摂政・関白)1・省官分(式部大輔・少輔)3・両博士分(文章博士2名)2・判儒分(試験官)3の入分枠が定められていたという)。
- Furthermore, 'Heihanki' (diary of TAIRA no Nobunori) tells that in the shoshi exams in 1154, certain numbers of seats had been allotted to Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Tadamichi, Sadaijin (minister of the left) FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, the Emperor Sutoku, shikibusho and leaders of the daigakuryo beforehand, and they held the exams (a few centuries later, according to 'Keirinihosho' from the 15th century, the seats were allotted as follows: two for Senji (emperor), one for 院御 (the retired Emperor and the Cloistered Emperor), one for Denka (sessho and kanpaku), three for Shokan (Shikibu no taifu and Shikibu shoyu), two for two hakese (monjo hakese) and three for 判儒 (examiners)).
- 祖先は陵戸(みささぎのへ)で沙沙貴(ささき)の名前も陵戸が変化した物と言う説があるが、日本書紀には「狭々城山君韓袋宿裲」(ささきやまぎみからふくろのすくね)が雄略天皇による押磐皇子謀殺に荷担したために罰せられ、死刑とする代わりに身分を落とし賤民である陵戸とされ全ての官籍を剥奪の上で山部連の下に置かれたが、同族の「置目老嫗」(おきめのおみな)が押磐皇子の遺骨の所在を知らせた功により置目老嫗の兄である「倭袋宿裲」が韓袋宿裲に代わり狭々城山君の姓を賜ったとある。
- There is a theory that the name Sasaki was changed from the ancestor's name, Misasagi no He, but in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) it was written that 'Sasakiyama gimi Karafukuro no Sukune' helped the Emperor Yuryaku to murder Prince Oshiha and was therefore demoted to the humble rank of Ryoko instead of receiving the death penalty and was transferred under Yamabe no muraji after being deprived of any title; however, because 'Okime no Omina' from his family confessed to where the remains of the Prince Oshiha were placed, 'Yamato Fukuro no Sukune', who was the brother of Okime no Omina, was given the name Sasakiyama gimi in place of Karafukuro no Sukune.
- 朝鮮併合がなった際、初代総督寺内正毅は『小早川、加藤、小西が世にあれば、今宵の月をいかにみるらむ(秀吉公の朝鮮征伐に参加された小早川・加藤・小西の諸将が今生きていれば、朝鮮を日本のものとしたこの夜の月をどのような気持ちでみられるだろうか)』と歌を詠み、外務部長だった小松緑はこれに返歌して、『太閤を地下より起こし見せばやな高麗(こま)やま高くのぼる日の丸(太閤殿下を蘇らせ見せ申し上げたいものだ、朝鮮の山々に高く翻る日の丸を)』と歌い、共に太閤の成し得なかった朝鮮の編入が成功したことを喜んだ。
- When annexation of Korea was completed, Masatake TERAUCHI who was the first Governor-General of Korea, composed a waka, 'If Kobayakawa, Kato, and Konishi were alive, how would they look the moon of tonight' (If Kobayakawa, Kato, and Konishi, who were commanders took part in the war by Hideyoshi to conquer Korea were still alive, how would they look at the moon of tonight after obtaining Korea for Japan) and Midori KOMATSU who was the secretary of foreign affairs, composed in reply to it 'I would like to awake Taiko (Hideyoshi) from the underground and make him look at Hinomaru (national flag of Japan) above the mountains of Korea' (I would like to revive Taiko and show him Hinomaru flaunting above mountains of Korea) and they were delighted at success to annex of Korea which Hideyoshi could not achieve.
- この追放令が出た背景には諸説あり、秀吉が有馬の女性を連れてくるように命令した際にキリシタンであることを理由に住民が拒否し秀吉が激怒したとも、九州征伐に向かった秀吉の目の前で、当時の日本イエズス会準管区長でもあったコエリョがスペイン艦隊が自分の指揮下にあるごとく誇示した事が原因とも、九州の有馬氏や大村氏などのキリシタン大名が寺社仏閣を破壊すると同時に、僧侶にも迫害を加えたり教会へ莫大な寄進を行っていた事が理由とも、また織田信長から継承した旧来の寺社領を解体して統一政権の支配下におく政策をイエズス会領である長崎にも適用しようとしてイエズス会側が従わなかったとも、宣教師の一部が人身売買(日本人を奴隷商品として国外へ売り払う)を行っていた事が原因とも言われている。
- There are various theories about the issuing of this Expelling edict and the cause could be that Hideyoshi was furious at the residents rejecting his order to bring a woman of Arima because she was Christian, that Coelho, Vice-Provincial of the Society of Jesus in Japan at that time boasted as if the Spanish Armada was under his command in front of Hideyoshi during the expedition to Kyusyu, that the Christian feudal lords such as ARIMA and OMURA in Kyushu destroyed shrines and temples as well as persecuted monks and made huge donations to the churches, and that the Society of Jesus did not obey when he tried to apply the policy to Nagasaki, the domain of the Society, they dissolved the old domains of temples and shrines inherited from Nobunaga ODA and place them under a unified regime, and that some of the missionaries conducted human trafficking (selling the Japanese to outside Japan as slaves).