過程: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 過程
- process
- course
- mechanism
- history
- Training process
- 過程で
- in the process (of ~)
- 素過程
- elementary process
- fundamental process
- 成立過程
- Process of formation
- Process of compilation
- Process of establishment
- The writing process
- 設立過程
- Process of establishment
- 発育過程
- developmental process
- 実施過程
- implementation process
- 確率過程
- stochastic process
- probabilistic process
- probability process
- stochastic processes
- 製造過程
- manufacturing process
- production manufacture
- 脱窒過程
- dentrification process
- 発生過程
- Process of origin
- developmental process
- 黒の過程
- The Abyss (Marguerite Yourcenar novel)
- 確定過程
- deterministic process
- 消化過程
- digestive system process
- 進化過程
- evolutionary process
- 代謝過程
- metabolic pathway
- metabolic process
- 病的過程
- pathological process
- pathologic process
- 分化過程
- differentiation process
- 病理過程
- pathological process
- pathologic process
- 炎症過程
- an inflammatory process
- 成立の過程
- Background of the Work's Composition
- 非可逆過程
- irreversible process
- 言語過程説
- Constructive Process Theory
- 不可逆過程
- irreversible process
- 確定的過程
- deterministic process
- 複合核過程
- compound process (nuclear physics)
- 前平衡過程
- preequilibrium process (nuclear physics)
- 雲物理過程
- cloud physics process
- 非定常過程
- non-stationary process
- 分娩の過程
- the process of giving birth
- 光合成過程
- phototrophic process
- 生理的過程
- physiological process
- physiologic process
- 思考の過程
- the process of thinking
- 知覚の過程
- the process of perceiving
- マルコフ過程
- Markov process
- Marlcov process
- Markoff's process
- 全球水文過程
- global hydrological process
- 定常確率過程
- stationary stochastic process
- 等温可逆過程
- isothermal reversible process
- 林分回復過程
- stand recovery processes
- ガス交換過程
- gas exchange process
- 意思決定過程
- decision-making process
- decision process
- 政策決定過程
- policy-making process
- ARMA過程
- autoregressive-moving average process
- 土砂流出過程
- sediment yield process
- 氷晶生成過程
- ice crystal process
- 多段決定過程
- multi-decision process
- 線形確率過程
- linear stochastic process
- 降雨流出過程
- storm runoff process
- 乾燥断熱過程
- dry adiabatic process
- 生物学的過程
- biological process
- 石になる過程
- the process of being turned to stone
- 生まれる過程
- the process of coming into being
- 非晶質化過程
- amorphization process
- 価値付加過程
- value-adding process
- 血液生理過程
- blood physiological process
- 細胞増殖過程
- cell growth process
- 初期発生過程
- early developmental process
- 生化学的過程
- biochemical process
- 病態形成過程
- pathological process
- 腫瘍形成過程
- neoplastic process
- しみ出る過程
- the process of seeping
- 凝結する過程
- the process of congealing
- 酸素燃焼過程
- Oxygen-burning process
- 炭素燃焼過程
- Carbon-burning process
- 骨形成の過程
- the developmental process of bone formation
- ある過程を経る
- go through a phase
- 過程決定計画図
- process decision program chart
- ガウス確率過程
- Gaussian random process
- 適合性評価過程
- conformance assessment process
- 子孫を生む過程
- the process of generating offspring
- 植物の成長過程
- the process of growth in plants
- 想定の認知過程
- the cognitive process of supposing
- 分留過程で得る
- obtain by a fractional process
- 意志決定の過程
- decision-making process
- ネオン燃焼過程
- Neon-burning process
- 心血管生理過程
- cardiovascular physiological process
- 個別的分離過程
- individual separation process
- ケイ素燃焼過程
- Silicon-burning process
- ベルヌーイ過程
- Bernoulli process
- 人間の出産過程
- the parturition process in human beings
- 腫れ上がる過程
- the process of tumefying
- 集積過程の結果
- the result of the process of accumulation
- 臓器形成の過程
- the process of organ formation
- 三田藩の成立過程
- The course of Sanda Domain's establishment
- 作成の過程と目的
- Process and purpose of preparation
- 不変マルコフ過程
- invariant Morkov process
- 注意深くなる過程
- the process of being heedful
- 注入の過程を経る
- undergo the process of infusion
- 荒廃していく過程
- the process of becoming dilapidated
- 柔らかくなる過程
- the process of becoming softer
- カビが生える過程
- the process of becoming mildewed
- 適応マルコフ過程
- adaptive Markov process
- 不可逆過程熱力学
- irreversible thermodynamics
- 過程の中間の段階
- intermediate stages in a process
- 染み出ている過程
- the process of exuding
- の過程を減速する
- slow down the progress of
- 調整過程は続き、
- The adjustment continues;
- 司法過程をやめる
- stop a judicial process
- 液境膜物質移動過程
- fluid film mass transfer process
- 何かが脱皮する過程
- the process whereby something is shed
- 劣化の過程での溶解
- melt away in the process of decay
- 磁性を取り除く過程
- the process of removing magnetization
- ガスに変化する過程
- the process of changing into gas
- 時代遅れになる過程
- the process of becoming obsolete
- 人の認知過程の状態
- the state of a person's cognitive processes
- 人間中心の設計過程
- human-centered design process
- 合理的な推論の過程
- a process of rational inference
- 等エントロピー過程
- Isentropic process
- 病理学上の体の過程
- pathological bodily processes
- 子供を出産する過程
- the process of giving birth to a child
- 湿気を抽出する過程
- the process of extracting moisture
- ガラス状になる過程
- the process of becoming vitreous
- まろやかになる過程
- the process of becoming mellow
- 「宣戦布告」への過程
- Progress toward the 'proclamation of war'
- 発布の過程とその影響
- The process of its promulgation and the effects
- 原子核カスケード過程
- nuclear cascade process
- 自己回帰移動平均過程
- autoregressive-moving average process
- 足利将軍家の成立過程
- History of the Ashikaga Shogunate family
- かたいか堅くなる過程
- the process of becoming stiff or rigid
- 徐々に劣っていく過程
- the process of gradually becoming inferior
- 分割の行為または過程
- the act or process of dividing
- 非意識的な精神的過程
- nonconscious psychic processes
- ゾルに転化させる過程
- the process of converting to a sol
- 染色過程で用いられる
- aids in dyeing process
- 遺伝子を体現する過程
- the process of expressing a gene
- 等エントロピー可逆過程
- isentropic reversible process
- 圧縮する動作または過程
- the action or process of compressing
- 生命のしるしを示す過程
- the process of showing signs of life
- 呼吸過程に関与する器官
- any organ involved in the process of respiration
- 写真における三色の過程
- a tricolor process in photography
- 曇りか不透明になる過程
- the process of becoming cloudy or opaque
- 縮小や圧縮の過程や結果
- the process or result of becoming smaller or pressed together
- その過程を彼に説明した。
- I explained the process to him.
- 製造過程によって作られた
- produced by a manufacturing process
- 何かの成長を促進する過程
- the process of fostering the growth of something
- 有機物を腐食から救う過程
- a process that saves organic substances from decay
- ある期間の言語変化の過程
- a process of linguistic change over a period of time
- 根を出し成長し始める過程
- the process of putting forth roots and beginning to grow
- 決断に至るまでの認知過程
- the cognitive process of reaching a decision
- 認知過程を研究する科学者
- a scientist who studies cognitive processes
- 青年時代へと成長する過程
- the process of growing into a youth
- 律令国家による氏の再編過程
- The reorganization process of clans by the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes
- 総合衛生管理製造過程の承認
- Approval of Comprehensive Sanitation Management and Production Process
- エネルギー利用過程研究部門
- Advanced Energy Utilization Division
- より深くより深遠になる過程
- a process of becoming deeper and more profound
- 発育過程が比較的遅れるさま
- comparatively late in a course of development
- 問題解決にかかわる思考過程
- the thought processes involved in solving a problem
- 法的または公式な過程で得る
- obtain by legal or official process
- 研摩する過程から生じる物質
- material resulting from the process of grinding
- 劣った状態へと変化する過程
- process of changing to an inferior state
- 何らかの化学過程で浄化する
- clean with some chemical process
- 学習にやさしい過程などない。
- There is no easy process of learning.
- その薬が成長の過程を早めた。
- The medicine hastened the process of growth.
- 中性子によって誘起された過程
- neutron-induced process
- あることを注意深く考える過程
- the process of giving careful thought to something
- 有効な証明を確立する認識過程
- the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof
- 幼い子供が発達過程で使う言葉
- the developing speech of a young child
- 一定温度で起こる過程や変化の
- of a process or change taking place at constant temperature
- 特殊の過程または処置を受けた
- subjected to a special process or treatment
- 成長においての痛みを伴う過程
- the painful process of growing up
- 鉱物または水晶を識別する過程
- a process for identifying minerals or crystals
- 学校で正式な教育を受ける過程
- the process of being formally educated at a school
- クロマトグラフの過程の方法で
- by means of a chromatographic process
- この過程もかなり不透明である。
- This process is also uncertain.
- 南北朝分裂の過程の時代である。
- There was a process to accommodate separation between the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
- 硬貨を鋳造する行為、または過程
- act or process of minting coins
- 小繊維を形成する行為または過程
- act or process of forming fibrils
- 考えを形成して、関連させる過程
- the process of forming and relating ideas
- 様々な生物学的過程にかかる時間
- the time of various biological processes
- 自分では直接気づかない精神過程
- a mental process that you are not directly aware of
- 使い果たすか、再び消費する過程
- a process of using up or consuming again
- 何かを自由にしたり解放する過程
- a process that liberates or discharges something
- 技術や知識を身につける認知過程
- the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge
- 氷河や氷の塊で、地球を覆う過程
- the process of covering the earth with glaciers or masses of ice
- 通常の実践または過程に見合って
- in accord with regular practice or procedure
- 彼はボート作りの過程を説明した。
- He explained the process of building a boat.
- (2)技術の変遷の過程を示すもの
- (2) What shows the transition process of technologies.
- (2)芸能の変遷の過程を示すもの
- (2) What shows the transition process of performing arts.
- 化合物にアシル基を取り入れる過程
- the process of introducing an acyl group into a compound
- 気体が逃げながら泡立っている過程
- the process of bubbling as gas escapes
- 染色体の中で遺伝子を見つける過程
- the process of locating genes on a chromosome
- ある物をある物質に完全に浸す過程
- the process of totally saturating something with a substance
- 変化させる、あるいは変化する過程
- the process of varying or being varied
- 細菌や菌類の作用による腐敗の過程
- the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action
- 微生物の成長と増加を抑制する過程
- the process of inhibiting the growth and multiplication of microorganisms
- 拡散はエネルギー発生の過程である
- diffusion is an exergonic process
- 彼は学習過程に無造作に取り組んだ
- he dealt with his course work casually
- 執行猶予は判決の過程の一部である
- probation is part of the sentencing process
- 星か惑星が重力場で物をつかむ過程
- a process whereby a star or planet holds an object in its gravitational field
- 原子が除去される過程を引き起こす
- cause to undergo a process in which atoms are removed
- 個々の生物が有機的に成長する過程
- the process of an individual organism growing organically
- 物あるいは過程の終わりまたは目的
- the end or purpose of a thing or process
- 目を照明の低レベルに調整する過程
- the process of adjusting the eyes to low levels of illumination
- ある数量を指定の冪に累乗する過程
- the process of raising a quantity to some assigned power
- 燃焼が起こる、または火がつく過程
- the process of initiating combustion or catching fire
- 彼は最後の決心をする過程に合った。
- He was in the process of making a final decision.
- 太平記の成立過程のその誤謬について
- About the process of completing Taiheiki and its errors
- 化合物にアセチル基を取り入れる過程
- the process of introducing an acetyl group into a compound
- 首尾よくテストや選考過程を通過する
- go successfully through a test or a selection process
- 不飽和油に水素原子を加える化学過程
- a chemical process that adds hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated oil
- エネルギーは、この過程で保存される
- Energy is conserved in this process
- 正式な法的過程の扱いにくさを避ける
- avoiding the unwieldiness of formal legal processes
- 市場の行き過ぎは常に調整過程が続く
- market runups are invariably followed by a correction
- 分別の過程で分離された混合物の成分
- a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process
- 源氏将軍復活と源氏将軍神話誕生の過程
- Process of Revival of the Genji Shoguns and Creation of Genji Shogun Legends
- 総合衛生管理製造過程の承認の有効期間
- Valid Period of Approval of Comprehensive Sanitation Management and Production Process
- 日本酒は、次の過程を経て醸造される。
- Sake is brewed through the following stages during the process.
- 種子や胞子が芽を出し成長していく過程
- the process whereby seeds or spores sprout and begin to grow
- エネルギーか物質がシステムに入る過程
- a process by which energy or a substance enters a system
- アミノ基をある化合物から他へ移す過程
- the process of transfering an amino group from one compound to another
- 目的への過程の一部としてなされる措置
- any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal
- 時々、鋭い伝染力のある過程にかかわる
- sometimes associated with acute infective processes
- 腫瘍の形成と発達につながる病理の過程
- the pathological process that results in the formation and growth of a tumor
- 開発過程において最新の段階にあること
- being the current stage in its development
- 混合物の中にアミノ基を転移させる過程
- the process of transposing an amino group within a chemical compound
- ある説明されない過程によってなされる
- accomplished by some unexplained process
- この出来事は規則的な過程を混乱させた
- This event disrupted the orderly process
- オルンシュタイン=ウーレンベック過程
- Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
- 気体から液体や固形状態へと変わる過程
- the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state
- 未受精の卵が新しい個体に成長する過程
- process in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual
- 少なくなるまたは小さくなる過程や結果
- process or result of becoming less or smaller
- 液体を沸騰させその蒸気を凝縮する過程
- the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors
- 町が発展し、社会が都市化する社会過程
- the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban
- 比較的高レベルの光に眼を調節する過程
- the process of adjusting the eyes to relatively high levels of illumination
- 過程がどうあれ、結果が全てという意味。
- Meaning: Whatever a process is like, everything is evaluated only by results.
- 保護、捜査、公判等の過程における配慮等
- Consideration in the Process of Protection, Investigation and Trial, etc.
- (バイナリの過程で)順序において自由な
- (of a binary operation) independent of order
- エントロピーの増加につながる自発的過程
- any spontaneous process results in an increase of entropy
- (浄化するためなどに)空気にさらす過程
- the process of exposing to air (so as to purify)
- エネルギーの放射によって伴われる過程の
- of a process accompanied by the release of energy
- 光合成は、エネルギー吸収性の過程である
- photosynthesis is an endergonic process
- 最適化過程が無効化された場合に警告する
- Warn when an optimization pass is disabled
- 取り囲む過程(カプセルの場合のような)
- the process of enclosing (as in a capsule)
- 組織や発達過程において生物に似ているさま
- resembling a living organism in organization or development
- 自然熟成の過程の一部であるように見えます
- appears to be part of the natural aging process
- (関係または訴訟の過程などの)正式な終結
- a formal termination (of a relationship or a judicial proceeding etc)
- 特定の身体の過程を管理する神経細胞の集団
- a cluster of nerve cells governing a specific bodily process
- ステージ、操作、過程またはユニットの継承
- a succession of stages or operations or processes or units
- 精神、ムードまたは他の精神過程に影響する
- affecting the mind or mood or other mental processes
- 紫外線への露出で皮膚の色素が暗くなる過程
- process in which skin pigmentation darkens as a result of exposure to ultraviolet light
- 生産過程における始まりと完成の時間のづれ
- the time interval between the initiation and the completion of a production process
- (装置や過程について)特許で、保護される
- (of devices and processes) protected by patent
- じん帯または筋肉の結束に関する結節の過程
- a tubercular process for the attachment of a ligament or muscle
- 2つ以上の刺激の間に差が見られる認知過程
- the cognitive process whereby two or more stimuli are distinguished
- (生殖について)無性過程に特徴づけられる
- (of reproduction) characterized by asexual processes
- (多年生植物として)何年も生き続ける過程
- the process of living through a number of years (as a perennial plant)
- 1つ以上の物質が他の物に変わるという過程
- a process in which one or more substances are changed into others
- 出生過程の間に起こる幼児への身体的な危害
- physical injury to an infant during the birth process
- 知識を得て蓄積することにかかわる認知過程
- cognitive processes involved in obtaining and storing knowledge
- 広範囲に渡ってまき散らし広げる過程や結果
- process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space
- 各コンパイル過程で費やした時間を報告する
- Report the time taken by each compiler pass
- 目的のものを得るための過程あるいは手続き
- a procedure or process for obtaining an objective
- 生きている有機体の特徴的な生態過程と現象
- characteristic life processes and phenomena of living organisms
- であり、この過程が数日間に及ぶ場合もある。
- This process can take several days.
- 新しい製造過程は高い歩留まりを可能にする。
- The new production process achieves a high yield.
- 討議の過程でそのことには触れられなかった。
- It was not mentioned in the process of discussion.
- 総合衛生管理製造過程の承認の更新手数料の額
- Fee to Renew Approval of Comprehensive Sanitation Management and Production Process
- したがって、以下のような過程が考えられる。
- Therefore, the following process is considered to have happened:
- というのが一般的な初心者指導の過程である。
- This is a usual practice procedure for beginners.
- 連続、系列、特に進歩過程における特定の位置
- a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process
- 新しい思考が現存する認知構造に同化する過程
- the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure
- 機能する、または作動する過程、もしくは方法
- process or manner of functioning or operating
- 直感や推理よりも感覚を通じて知る状態や過程
- any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning
- 彼女は女子学生のための大学院過程を創始した
- She pioneered a graduate program for women students
- 疾患または疾患の過程を防ぐか、遅らせる治療
- remedy that prevents or slows the course of an illness or disease
- 何かの形を定義するのに役立つどんな過程でも
- any process serving to define the shape of something
- 息をしている間、空気を吸い込み吐き出す過程
- the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing
- 発酵がグレープジュースをワインに変える過程
- the process whereby fermentation changes grape juice into wine
- 当該装備品の設計又は製造過程についての検査
- Inspection for design or manufacturing process of the component
- 澱粉の消化の過程で生成される、白色の結晶糖
- a white crystalline sugar formed during the digestion of starches
- (装置と過程について)特許で、保護されない
- (of devices and processes) not protected by patent
- パラメーターが離散時間値であるマルコフ過程
- a Markov process for which the parameter is discrete time values
- 鳥や魚がエサを探索する過程を模擬した計算手法
- PSO Particle Swarm Optimization
- 生命周期の過程で寄生虫によって使用される宿主
- a host that is used by a parasite in the course of its life cycle
- ある細胞が液体の小滴を吸い込んで取り込む過程
- process by which certain cells can engulf and incorporate droplets of fluid
- 反射炉での扱い、過程、加熱、溶解あるいは精製
- treat, process, heat, melt, or refine in a reverberatory furnace
- 知識とそれを使いこなす能力を想定した認知過程
- cognitive processes that presuppose the availability of knowledge and put it to use
- 当該装備品の設計又は改造の過程についての検査
- Inspections for design or alternating process of the component
- 当該装備品の設計又は整備の過程についての検査
- Inspections for design or maintenance process of the component
- 時間をかせぐために議論または過程を長引かせる
- draw out a discussion or process in order to gain time
- 各藩の武装解除の過程については「鎮台」を参照。
- Concerning the process of disarming domains, refer to 'chindai' (garrison in the Meiji era).
- 封建国家が変質を遂げる過程での出来事であった。
- The incident occurred during the course of change in the feudal nation.
- 製造に際しては、過程で真水に触れてはならない。
- During manufacture, the roe must not come into contact with fresh water.
- この過程で千歳飴独特の舌触りの食感が生まれる。
- During the process, the candy takes on the texture of chitoseame that creates a unique feeling on the tongue when eaten.
- 弓矢の技を身につける過程での道義や信条、弓道。
- It also means the moral principle and creed acquired in the process of mastering the technique of Yumiya, that is, Kyudo.
- 血管から周りの組織へ押し出すまたは送りだす過程
- the process of exuding or passing out of a vessel into surrounding tissues
- 考えを組み合わせて、一貫した思考対象にする過程
- the process of combining ideas into a congruous object of thought
- 初期の時代に存在した植物や動物が化石化する過程
- the process of fossilizing a plant or animal that existed in some earlier age
- ある物質が酸素と反応して、熱と光を発生する過程
- a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light
- 胃で胃液の動作によってタンパク質を分解する過程
- the process of breaking down proteins by the action of the gastric juice in the stomach
- 熱を得たり、無くしたりすることなしに起こる過程
- any process that occurs without gain or loss of heat
- 結果を達成しようと試みた、ある特定の行動の過程
- a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
- 多くの製造過程で使用され、産業排出物に含まれる
- used in many manufacturing processes and present in industrial emissions
- 慎重に何かを考慮するというあなたの頭を使う過程
- the process of using your mind to consider something carefully
- 18 文化への順応過程とアカデミズムとの関連
- Acculturation Mechanisms and the Link to Academia
- 酸素の供給や、酸素との結合、酸素での処理の過程
- the process of providing or combining or treating with oxygen
- 意思決定に至る、あるいは結論を引き出す認知過程
- the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions
- 塩分のある液体を分泌する皮膚の汗の分泌腺の過程
- the process of the sweat glands of the skin secreting a salty fluid
- 物質が直接固体から気体に変わる過程を昇華という。
- The process by which substances are turned directly from a solid state into a gas is called sublimation.
- 学習過程などをコンピュータで実現しようとする学問
- artificial intelligence
- それが融合するまでには、いくつかの過程を経ます。
- Before it undergoes fusion, it goes through several processes.
- この分離は、人間の成長過程で普遍的な現象である。
- This discrepancy appears ubiquitously as a phenomenon in the process of growth of human beings.
- 補助、援助やその他の行為を提供する過程または行為
- the act or process of providing aid or help of any sort
- 成長過程の胞子を覆う細長い銀色の突起物を持つシダ
- fern with elongate silvery outgrowths enclosing the developing spores
- 山の形成の過程(特に地殻の上方向への移動による)
- the process of mountain formation (especially by the upward displacement of the earth's crust)
- 腐食性の破壊的な過程の始まり(化学薬品によって)
- the onset of a corrosive or destructive process (as by a chemical agent)
- 年を取って加齢による影響が表れる、生物の成長過程
- the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age
- ウイルスのDNAに組み入れられ、生成過程を止める
- is incorporated into the DNA of the virus and stops the building process
- 栄養を与えることまたは与えられることの有機的過程
- the organic process of nourishing or being nourished
- 授業または学期過程に登録した人(または登録する)
- a person who enrolls in (or is enrolled in) a class or course of study
- 生物の成長過程(細胞や生物で)で生命に必要なもの
- the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life
- 不純物を(石油、金属、砂糖などから)除去する過程
- the process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.)
- 過程の起源の説明といったものは、科学の埒外にある
- That sort of explanation for the origin of the process lies outside of science
- より高く土地が上がること(山ができる過程の中で)
- a rise of land to a higher elevation (as in the process of mountain building)
- 音か言葉が話し言葉か句から省略されるあらゆる過程
- any process whereby sounds or words are left out of spoken words or phrases
- 地球の地殻上に大陸と海洋盆地を作り出す変動の過程
- the process of deformation that produces continents and ocean basins in the earth's crust
- こうした過程を通じ、財閥の形成が促されたのだった。
- These process urged the formation of Zaibatsu (a financial combine).
- こういった過程を経て粒の大きな砂から落下していく。
- Through these processes, larger-grain sand in the dust falls first.
- 大庭脩はこれを単なる編纂過程のミスではないとする。
- Osamu OBA argued that this was not a simple editorial mistake.
- 調査の過程で数々の延喜式式内社の比定も行っている。
- While conducting field research, he identified many Shikinai-sha (shrine listed in Engishiki laws).
- (ホタルのように)生理学的な過程で作り出される発光
- luminescence produced by physiological processes (as in the firefly)
- 食細胞が微生物と細胞残屑を巻き込んで、消化する過程
- process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris
- 遠心分離を用いて異なった密度の物質を分離させる過程
- the process of separating substances of different densities by the use of a centrifuge
- 原腸胚が細胞の内部移動によって胞胚から発達する過程
- the process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells
- 優秀な学生は、学位につながる過程に進むことができる
- good students may progress to a course leading to a degree
- 生物が食物を吸収し、成長と維持のために使用する過程
- the processes by which an organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and maintenance
- 最も環境に適するよう生物の進化をもたらす自然な過程
- a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment
- ループ最適化後に共通部分式を除去する過程を追加する
- Add a common subexpression elimination pass after loop optimizations
- 人間の感覚は定性的なので、定量化は重要な過程である。
- Since the sense of human beings is qualitative, quantitative observation is a very important process.
- この動きは、ほぼ一年の稲作過程と重なり合うのである。
- These moves almost match the yearly process of rice cultivation.
- 原石から石包丁までの製作の過程のものが出土している。
- Things showing from raw stones to stone knives in the process of production have been excavated.
- 体内の代謝過程の断面X線を作り出す、断層X線撮影装置
- a tomograph that produces cross-sectional X-rays of metabolic processes in the body
- 過程上の製品は反応物よりも大きな自由エネルギーがある
- the products of the process are of greater free energy than the reactants
- 自然浄化の過程で無毒化されて、永久的な害悪のない公害
- pollution that is rendered harmless by natural processes and so causes no permanent harm
- 通常、この過程の中で学生の成績の一部として評価される
- usually it is evaluated as part of the student's grade in the course
- 食物を(食べることにより)口から身体に取り入れる過程
- the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)
- 2や4の過程において、氏子地域内を巡幸する場合が多い。
- In processes 2 and 4, the shrine parishioner's community is often visited.
- 春の風景の中、主人公の心の動きをゆるやかな過程で追う。
- It gently follows the main character's mood changes through spring sceneries.
- 痛みを和らげるまたは出産の過程を助ける薬は与えられない
- no drugs are given to relieve pain or aid the birth process
- 物質的な富の生産、発展そして経営に影響する過程のどれか
- any process affecting the production and development and management of material wealth
- 生物学的組織の固定化、脱水、強制的飽和と硬化を含む過程
- a process involving fixation and dehydration and forced impregnation and hardening of biological tissues
- 司法手続きの過程で、ある人に偽誓をするよう誘導すること
- inducing someone to make a false oath as part of a judicial proceeding
- 吸収性の違いによって混合物を分離するのに使用される過程
- a process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency
- エネルギーの吸収に付随されるか、を必要としている過程の
- of a process accompanied by or requiring the absorption of energy
- 調査の過程で芦生奥山は演習林最適地との評価をつけられた。
- In the process of conducting the survey, Ashiu Oku-yama Mountain was rated as being the most appropriate as the site for the field practice forest.
- 朝鮮での発展や日本への流入の過程は今でも不明な点が多い。
- Many aspects of how Tengen jutsu spread to Korea and how it was introduced into Japan remain unclear even today.
- 即位灌頂の成立からその完成に至る過程の解明が期待される。
- It is seen in the clarification of the process from formation of sokuikanjo to its completion.
- 印刷面(感光板またはシリンダ)が写真法で作り出される過程
- the process whereby printing surfaces (plates or cylinders) are produced by photographic methods
- 一束の商品または書類を受け入れるまたは拒否する統計的過程
- a statistical procedure for accepting or rejecting a batch of merchandise or documents
- シミュレーションは内部の過程を模倣するべきで、単にまねた
- a simulation should imitate the internal processes and not merely the results of the thing being simulated
- 物質を(一時的もしくは永遠に)磁気を帯びたものにする過程
- the process that makes a substance magnetic (temporarily or permanently)
- より大きいか、より長いか多数であるか、より重要である過程
- a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important
- 何かが起こったとき自分がどうするかについて考える認知過程
- the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening
- 指定した過程までスキップします (c, i でのみ有効)
- skip straight to specified stage (only for c,i)
- 実行性が喪失していった過程として、以下の事項があげられる。
- As a process how the regulation gradually lost its effectiveness, the following matters are conceivable.
- 南九州がヤマト王権に臣従する過程が記紀神話に語られたもの。
- It is a myth told in Kojiki and Nihonshoki, which concerns the process of the southern Kyushu's serving Yamato sovereignty.
- 豆腐を製造する過程で、大豆から豆乳を絞った後に残ったもの。
- It is soybeans residue which is taken after soymilk is extracted in the manufacturing process of tofu (bean curd).
- イオンが溶液と不溶性の固体(通常樹脂)の間で交換される過程
- a process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble (usually resinous) solid
- 何らかのプロジェクトや事業の計画や設計を案出する行為や過程
- the act or process of drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise
- ある文化形態を他の文化と調和させることで吸収する社会的過程
- the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another
- 熱や発光、(時には)煙を出しながら可燃性の物質が燃える過程
- the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke
- 自身の構成物質を雲の形で噴出し、その過程でより明るくなる星
- a star that ejects some of its material in the form of a cloud and become more luminous in the process
- 人口と産業が都会の密集地から辺ぴな地区まで動く社会的な過程
- the social process in which population and industry moves from urban centers to outlying districts
- 回路内の電流の流れの変化が磁力や起電力を生み出していく過程
- an electrical phenomenon whereby an electromotive force (EMF) is generated in a closed circuit by a change in the flow of current
- その過程で台湾語・客家語・原住民語の使用は抑圧・禁止された。
- In the process, the use of Taiwanese, Hakka and aboriginal languages was discouraged or prohibited.
- この過程で軍事貴族と呼ぶべき実態は発展的に解消されていった。
- During the course of these events, the status called military aristocrat rapidly disappeared.
- ※位階は従四位下まで昇叙しているが、その叙位昇進過程は不詳。
- * Although he was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade), the process of investitures are unknown.
- 天台宗が全国に広がる過程で、日吉社も全国に勧請・創建された。
- Branches of Hiyoshi Taisha Shrine were established and gods were transferred to those branches while preaching Tendai sect across Japan.
- (この雅楽のHIKARIはその作曲過程の最初にあたる作品。)
- (This gagaku piece HIKARI is his very first piece created in the stages of composition.)
- 広島風お好み焼きは、その成立の過程で作り方が変化していった。
- The way of cooking Hiroshimafu-okonomiyaki changed in the process of formation.
- コークスと粘土の混合物を加熱することで石墨を生成する工業過程
- an industrial process for making graphite by heating a mixture of coke and clay
- 私たちは非常に正確に私たちの車を製造するための過程を調節する
- we time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely
- 飼料の状態の一部が取り除かれて、沸騰され、その後戻される過程
- a process in which part of the mash is removed and boiled and then returned
- 考え(言葉やイメージ)から他の考えが連続的に思いつく思考過程
- a thought process in which ideas (words or images) suggest other ideas in a sequence
- その過程で科挙に合格し官僚を独占し世襲化する両班制が成立した。
- During this process, the yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) was established where bureaucrats who succeeded in Kakyo monopolized the bureaucratic positions by inheritance.
- これら一連の過程で著された文書を集成したものが長寛勘文である。
- Chokan-kanmon was a compilation of documents which were written in the above process.
- また、上記の過程によって氏神は鎮守と同一視されるようになった。
- This process made ujigami identifiable as chinju.
- 政策評価を行う過程において使用した資料その他の情報に関する事項
- Matters related to materials and other information used in the course of conducting the evaluation
- 商業帳簿、航海日誌その他業務の通常の過程において作成された書面
- An account book, a log book and other documents prepared in ordinary social activities.
- 可変パラメタのどんな値にも、確率変数の分配は同じである確率過程
- a stochastic process in which the distribution of the random variables is the same for any value of the variable parameter
- 神経が器官か部分の機能を遅らせるか、または防ぐことができる過程
- the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ or part
- あることを首尾一貫し,理に基づいていると思わせるための認知過程
- the cognitive process of making something seem consistent with or based on reason
- 何かを磨滅または摩る技術的過程(それを摩耗させる粒子によって)
- the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)
- 化学化合物を生み出す過程(通常より簡単な化学結合の集合による)
- the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds)
- ある存在が別のものを象徴する、あるいは表彰する基本的な認知過程
- any basic cognitive process in which some entity comes to stand for or represent something else
- 過程に対処する社会心理学と心理学と動機を決定する感情のブランチ
- the branch of social psychology that deals with the processes and emotions that determine psychology and motivation
- 結合の過程でその形や意味を保持する構成形態素から言葉を作ること
- the building of words from component morphemes that retain their form and meaning in the process of combining
- 設計、製造過程の流れ図、品質管理計画及び事業日程を含む変更管理
- management of changes, including design, manufacturing process flow-sheet, quality assurance plan and project schedule
- 断定的な結論を立証する議論の過程、あるいは一連の陳述による証明
- proof by a process of argument or a series of proposition proving an asserted conclusion
- 綿の発育過程の種を餌にして、それに着色する細長い脚の長い虫の属
- a genus of slender long-legged bugs that feed on the developing seeds of cotton and stain it
- 配位結合の形成過程において、それは電子が供与された化合物である
- in the formation of a coordinate bond it is the compound to which electrons are donated
- ある生物体の行動が環境の刺激の発生に依存するようになる学習過程
- a learning process in which an organism's behavior becomes dependent on the occurrence of a stimulus in its environment
- 2つの思考やイメージを1つの象徴にまとめてしまう無意識的な過程
- an unconscious process whereby two ideas or images combine into a single symbol
- 私の洞察はこうした物理的過程で困惑させられることはありません。
- My insight is not baffled by these physical processes.
- この過程で、台湾や朝鮮から日本列島への他の民族の流入もおこった。
- During this time, other races came into the Japanese archipelago from Taiwan and Korea.
- そして、その学習過程において、人格を練磨し、情操を醇化していく。
- And to train character and inspire sentiment during the course of learning.
- 歌舞伎は成立の過程から歌舞伎踊りと歌舞伎劇に分けられるともいう。
- Kabuki is said to be classified according to its formation process into 'Kabuki Odori' (Kabuki Dance) & 'Kabuki Geki' (Kabuki Drama).
- 事例における共通の特性を抽象化することで一般概念を定型化する過程
- the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances
- 個性と動機を決定する、意識的および無意識的な過程と感情の相互関係
- the interrelation of conscious and unconscious processes and emotions that determine personality and motivation
- 私たちは語義に関する文法標識付加の過程を半自動化できるだろうか?
- Can we semi-automatize the semantic tagging process?
- 有権者が非党派に向かって移動しているので、政党の構造を弱める過程
- a process whereby voters are moved toward nonpartisanship thus weakening the structure of political parties
- 繊細さ、記憶、知性または性格などを測定するための基準化された過程
- any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc
- その後、清盛の立身と平氏政権の樹立の過程でその配下に組み込まれる。
- After the war, with Kiyomori's advancement in life and through the process of establishment of Taira clan government, he was incorporated under the government.
- RTL 不要なコード (dead code) の除去過程を使用する
- Use the RTL dead code elimination pass
- RTL 不要な記憶域 (dead store) 除去過程を使用する
- Use the RTL dead store elimination pass
- ヨーロッパの二年草で、栽培の過程で風味が増した長い紡錘状の根をもつ
- European biennial having a long fusiform root that has been made palatable through cultivation
- 実地調査の過程で、所在不明の延喜式式内社の比定が数多く行われている。
- In the course of field research he identified many Engishikinaisha which had been the location unknown.
- その東大寺大勧進職による東大寺再建の過程は、三期に分けて解説される。
- The process to reconstruct Todai-ji Temple by its great fund raisers is described here in the following three periods.
- (以上の経緯から、当時の太政官は編纂・頒布過程には関わっていない)。
- (The above mentioned details indicate that the Grand Council of state was not engaged in the process of compilation or distribution.)
- 後編はスパルタの侵略を退けてテーベがギリシャの盟主となる過程を描く。
- The second part describes the process of Thebes' repelling against Sparta's invasion and then becoming the leader of Greece.
- 最後に古今集の撰集過程について触れた後、和歌の将来像を述べて終わる。
- In the final section, the preface refers to the process of compiling the anthology and ends with the future prospects of waka.
- 以上の過程は、三界(欲界・色界・無色界)の階層構造とも関連している。
- The above process is related to the hierarchical structure of sangai (three realms): Yokkai, the realm of desire; Shikikai, the realm of form; and Mushikikai, the realm of non-form.
- 代謝や他の生物学的過程を研究するために体内に入れられる放射性同位元素
- any radioactive isotope introduced into the body to study metabolism or other biological processes
- 特別の仕事形態を伴う実際上の、または機械的な性質の行為の過程や一続き
- a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work
- 結晶形成に類似した過程により固定されたあるいは具体的になる精神的合成
- a mental synthesis that becomes fixed or concrete by a process resembling crystal formation
- 実際、進化の全体の過程は、人間の知性にはまるで不可解な力の顕現です。
- In fact, the whole process of evolution is the manifestation of a Power absolutely inscrutable to the intellect of man.
- 推理の過程を説明されてみれば簡単なので、私は笑わずにいられなかった。
- I could not help laughing at the ease with which he explained his process of deduction.
- 淘汰の過程が過度に利己的な偏向のかかった家系を排除するにちがいない。
- The selective process must eliminate lines of descent unduly gifted with a self-regarding bias.
- 近世の非人の発生は、江戸時代の町と村の成立過程と不即不離の関係にある。
- The occurrence of Hinin in early modern age was in the process of establishment of towns and villages as well as a relationship neither too close nor too far of these in the Edo Period.
- その過程で貴重さが確かめられ、天然記念物等の形で保護を受ける例も多い。
- In the process, if their value is confirmed, many of them gain protection as natural monuments.
- 神社に社殿が設置されるようになる過程には仏教寺院の影響もあるとされる。
- The incorporation of main halls into Shinto shrines was due to the influence of Buddhist temples.
- 上記の過程を通して、欲界(欲望を原理とする日常意識)は「散地」となる。
- Yokkai (consciousness based on desire) becomes 'sanchi' through the above process.
- 環境問題を克服するために、生物学的過程を用いるバイオテクノロジーの部門
- the branch of biotechnology that uses biological process to overcome environmental problems
- 生まれて間もない生き物が種に独特な行動パターンを確立するときの学習過程
- a learning process in early life whereby species specific patterns of behavior are established
- 言語コミュニケーションを生み出すまた理解することに関係している認知過程
- the cognitive processes involved in producing and understanding linguistic communication
- 更なる出力を調整するためにシステムの出力の一部がその入力に返される過程
- the process in which part of the output of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output
- 現代は、人類の思考が変換の過程を経ている重要な瞬間のうちの1つである。
- The present epoch is one of these critical moments in which the thought of mankind is undergoing a process of transformation.
- ある人が(相対的に)他を除外して身の回りのある特徴にだけに集中する過程
- the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others
- この支配拡大の過程では大小の勢力や種族との衝突があったと考えられている。
- Then, during the process of power expansion there seemed to have been conflicts with tribal elements, and powers, large and small.
- 各地域の勢力が連合してヤマト王権となっていく過程はまだ解明されていない。
- The process of how the regional political powers unified and changed into the Yamato Kingdom is still unknown.
- また装束も新調が重ねられる過程で次第に故実に合わないものになりつつある。
- The costumes are also gradually differing from ancient fashion as they are repeatedly renewed.
- そして沿岸から離れる過程で、鯨を食用と見る発想そのものが失われていった。
- Then in the process in which whales became to be hunted in the sea areas increasingly remoter from coasts, whales were no more considered as food.
- 精米された米は、精米の過程で表面に付いた糠・米くずを徹底的に除去される。
- With respect to the polished rice, bran and rice powder adhering to the surface in the rice polishing process are thoroughly removed.
- 有効な力や体力、本質的な資質が高いレベルから低いレベルへと衰えていく過程
- the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality
- 動物組織の腐敗の過程で生成される、不快な臭いを持つ無色の有毒なプトマイン
- a colorless toxic ptomaine with an unpleasant odor formed during the putrefaction of animal tissue
- 彼は、全ての学習において、生物進化に類似した試行錯誤の過程であると論じた
- he argued that all learning is a trial-and-error process that resembles biological evolution
- 化学薬品あるいは物理的機械的な手段により混合物か合成物から何かを得る過程
- the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means
- しかし江戸時代以降に伝わった地域の萬歳は、大体継承過程を明らかにしている。
- However, in the region where the manzai was introduced after the Edo period, the process of tradition is mostly elucidated.
- ちなみに焼酎の製造過程では、まったく同じ工程を和水(わすい)と呼んでいる。
- In the process of producing shochu, the exactly same operation is called 'wasui.'
- 喚起、睡眠、注意、および筋緊張のような過程にある肉体と機能の状態を監視する
- monitors the state of the body and functions in such processes as arousal and sleep and attention and muscle tone
- 幕藩体制の確立に基づく近世大名への再編成の過程で消滅していったとされている。
- It is believed that Utsuro disappeared during the process of a reorganization in Bakuhan taisei (the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate) with the appearance of Kinsei daimyo (daimyo of the early modern era).
- また中心の穴の生成過程も、説明がつかないので「宇宙のお化け」と呼ばれている。
- Also because the creation process of the central hole is unexplained, this is called 'cosmic obake' (cosmic ghost).
- このような技術論に差異が認められる所以は日本の弓術独特の進化過程に起因する。
- The reason for such differences in technical theory is in the unique evolutionary process of Japanese Kyudo.
- 動物(人間を含む)の社会的組織を、進化の過程に関して比較研究する生物学の分野
- the branch of biology that conducts comparative studies of the social organization of animals (including human beings) with regard to its evolutionary history
- 最適化というものは、単に最低条件を満たす以上の、もっと複雑な過程を必要とする
- optimization requires processes that are more complex than those needed to merely satisfice
- 自然の成長から発生したものではない、または、生命の過程により特徴づけられない
- not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes
- この優れた人物の思考過程には、二つのことがらが強い影響を与えたと思われます。
- Two facts appear to have strongly affected the course of thought of this remarkable man
- メッセンジャーRNAの塩基配列が相補的DNAのテンプレート上で合成される過程
- the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA
- 想像力、思考、事象をまとめる過程に特徴付けられる、引き起こす、に起因するさま
- characterized by or causing or resulting from the process of bringing ideas or events together in memory or imagination
- こうした状況は、政治的中心の周囲に次第に都市が形成されていく過程と理解できる。
- Such situation can be understood as a process in which a city was gradually formed around the political center.
- 廃藩置県後より続く、石代納の高率に対する減免要求を地租改正の過程で求めるもの。
- Revolts to claim a reduction or exemption of kokudaino (tax payment in cash for tribute) whose rate had been kept high since Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), in the process of the land-tax reform
- このことは、紀伊山地の隆起準平原が河川に浸食されて形成された過程を示している。
- This indicates that the upheaval semi-plain of the Kii Mountains was formed by erosion by rivers.
- これにより、国芳作品の創作過程の解明および浮世絵本来の色の復元が始まっている。
- This prompted the analysis of the creation process of Kuniyoshi's works and restoration of the colors which were faded away from Kuniyoshi's original Ukiyo-e prints.
- 流通過程では遠洋漁業水産物一般と同様、ほとんどは冷凍状態で保存管理されている。
- On the distribution routes, almost all of the meat is kept and managed in the frozen state as ordinary marine products from deep-sea fishing.
- 天台宗が全国に広がる過程で、山王信仰に基づいて日吉社も全国に勧請・創建された。
- As the Tendai sect was propagated across Japan, Hiyoshijinja Shrine was branched and constructed across Japan based on the Sanno Shinko belief.
- 酸素を取り込み、一酸化炭素を生産することにより、呼吸の生医学的、代謝過程を経る
- undergo the biomedical and metabolic processes of respiration by taking up oxygen and producing carbon monoxide
- ある物が異なる段階(特により発達した、または成熟した段階)に次第に移行する過程
- a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)
- ケラチンが細胞に沈着し、細胞が角質になる生物の成長過程(爪や髪の場合のように)
- organic process by which keratin is deposited in cells and the cells become horny (as in nails and hair)
- 動物質が腐敗していく過程で生じる、不快な臭いを持った、無色、結晶性のプトマイン
- a colorless crystalline ptomaine with a foul odor that is produced in decaying animal matter
- お雇い外国人は、日本の近代化の過程で西欧の先進技術や知識を学ぶために雇用された。
- Oyatoi-gaikokujin were employed to teach native Japanese the latest technologies and knowledge from Europe and the United States in order to fuel the process of Japan's modernization.
- キリスト教における巡礼は聖地への礼拝だけでなく、巡礼旅の過程も重要視されている。
- The pilgrimage in Christianity not only regards the worship at the holy sites but also place equal importance on the process of the pilgrimage.
- その過程で守護・地頭補任権を獲得し、朝廷(公家政権)と並びうる政権へと成長した。
- In the process, the bakufu acquired the right of appointing Shugo and Jito (military governors and estate stewards), growing into a government that could rank with the Imperial Court (the Kuge government).
- その過程で、宗教色を払拭してゆく(矯正施設での宗教行為は憲法で禁止されている)。
- In the course of gaining popularity, Yoshimoto eradicated religious aspects from Naikanho (because religious activities within correctional institutions are prohibited by the Constitution).
- 従って、「葬儀の方法の一つ」というよりも、その、一過程であるという考え方もある。
- Thus, it is also considered as a process of the funeral rather than 'a type of funeral.'
- 言語生産とレセプションの間に脳の過程を研究する神経科学と言語学で訓練されただれか
- someone trained in neuroscience and linguistics who studies brain processes during language production and reception
- 物質の旋光度の方向が右旋性からら左旋性に逆転され、またその逆も同様である化学過程
- a chemical process in which the direction of optical rotation of a substance is reversed from dextrorotatory to levorotary or vice versa
- 特定の鉱物に対する捕集力を増すために、浮遊選鉱の過程で用いられる界面活性化学物質
- a surface-active chemical used in flotation process to increase the attraction to a specific mineral
- (放射や反応のような)過程が起こる前に原子組織が獲得しなければならないエネルギー
- the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur
- この用語はこの過程がどういうふうに起こるかってことについては何も主張していない。
- It makes no claims about how this process occurs.
- 手順または過程における各段階の完全な説明(通常、デモンストレーションが付随する)
- a thorough explanation (usually accompanied by a demonstration) of each step in a procedure or process
- 大和民族の連合政権とされるヤマト王権の成立過程は、現段階でも明らかになっていない。
- The process which established the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty), which is likely to be a coalition government of the Yamato race, has yet to be revealed.
- しかし、道教が創唱宗教の形態を取る過程で道家の思想を取り入れたことは事実であった。
- However, in the process of formation as a soshoshukyo (religion proposed by a person or a group), Dokyo was indeed influenced by the Doka philosophy.
- 海賊鎮圧の過程で、純友を含め、瀬戸内海諸国には海賊対応のための警固使が設置された。
- In the process of suppressing the activities of the pirates, Keigoshi, including Sumitomo, were placed in provinces along the Seto Inland Sea.
- 煎茶や抹茶を製造する過程で取り除かれた茎を回収することで茎茶を製造する場合もある。
- It can also be produced by collecting stems removed during the process of non-powdered green tea or powdered green tea production.
- 限界になる、あるいは限界が作られる社会過程(特により大きい社会の中のグループでの)
- the social process of becoming or being made marginal (especially as a group within the larger society)
- 同時にいくつかの生理的過程を記録する医療機器(例えば、脈拍数、血圧、呼吸及び発汗)
- a medical instrument that records several physiological processes simultaneously (e.g., pulse rate and blood pressure and respiration and perspiration)
- 核外遺伝子かバクテリオファージにより1つのセルから別のセルまでの遺伝物質の伝達過程
- the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage
- 自然の過程はもつれたものが解け、折りたたんだものが広がっていくようなものなのです。
- Her process is one of unravelling and unfolding.
- 自然は永遠不滅の法則にしたがってその過程をたどり、神々は決してそれに干渉しません。
- Nature pursues her course in accordance with everlasting laws, the gods never interfering.
- 船舶・航空機などの復路のための荷物を積みおろしをしたり準備したりする行為または過程
- act or process of unloading and loading and servicing a vessel or aircraft for a return trip
- 更に講和会議の過程で日本が清に対して開市・開港場での製造業従事権を清に要求していた。
- Also, at the series of peace conferences, Japan requested Qing to give it a right to do manufacturing business at markets and ports of Qing.
- 接尾辞について、1:【-ion】「行動、状態、過程、結果」などの意を表す名詞を作る。
- Suffixes, 1: '-ion' creates nouns that show the meaning of 'action, state, process, results,' and so on.
- それにはまず親王が望まれたが、その交渉過程で後鳥羽院政と鎌倉幕府の対立が先鋭化した。
- Initially, the Crown Prince was expected to assume that position, but the conflict between the rule of the ex-emperor Gotoba and that of the Kamakura bakufu was intensified in the course of negotiations for the Crown Prince's assumption of that position.
- この過程で、高杉は頼りになるのは長州の志士だけだとする長州ナショナリズムを形成した。
- In this process, Takasugi formed the idea of Choshu nationalism, thinking that only the royalists from the Choshu clan were trustworthy.
- 主原料は大豆、コムギ、塩で、麹菌、乳酸菌、酵母による複雑な発酵過程を経て生成される。
- It is mainly made from soybeans, wheat, salt, and is generated through a complicated fermentation process using Aspergillus oryzae, lactobacillus, and yeast.
- 熟成(じゅくせい)とは、貯蔵されている間に進行する、酒質の成長や完成への過程をいう。
- Maturing means the course of growth or completion of sake quality that progresses during storage.
- リーシスの過程で骨の中が異常に増殖した繊維組織に変わり、骨や皮膚に異常をもたらすこと
- a disturbance in which bone that is undergoing lysis is replaced by an abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue resulting in bone lesions or skin lesions
- 酢酸,メタノール,アセトン,木油,やにを含む木材の乾留の過程で生成される赤茶色の液体
- a red-brown liquid formed in distillation of wood which contains acetic acid, methanol, acetone, wood oils, and tars
- エンジニアリング科学の分野で、(コンピュータを用いて)計算可能な過程と構造を研究する
- the branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures
- フランスの物理学者で、最初のカラー写真の処理過程を開発した(1845年−1921年)
- French physicist who developed the first color photographic process (1845-1921)
- -d<letters>\tコンパイラの特定の過程からのダンプを有効にする
- -d<letters>\tEnable dumps from specific passes of the compiler
- しかし、考古学的に上記のような変遷過程が明らかとなっており、この説話は否定されている。
- However, that story is denied as the changing process mentioned above was known archaeologically.
- すなわち聖地への旅の過程において、人々は神との繋がりを再認識し信仰を強化するのである。
- In other words, the process of traveling to holy sites makes people reconfirm their ties with God and strengthens their religious beliefs.
- 葦原中国平定の記述は、ヤマト王権による国家統一の過程が元になったものと考えられている。
- It is considered that the description of Ashihara no nakatsukuni was based on the process of unifying country by the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty).
- 阿含経典では、この状態に至る過程には、まず初禅から第四禅までの4段階があるとしている。
- In the process of attaining such a state, according to Agama Sutra, there are four stages ranging from shozen (the first Dhyana) to daishizen (the fourth Dhyana).
- 回向の心をもって修行する段階を十に分け「十回向位」とし、悟りへの重要な修行過程とする。
- The levels of ascetic practices with the mind of eko are divided into ten, which are called 'juekoi (ten eko levels)' and are regarded as important processes of ascetic practices for enlightenment.
- その過程で北海道函館では、榎本武揚らによって一時共和制が宣言される(「蝦夷共和国」)。
- By that process, in Hakodate, Hokkaido, a republic was declared for a while by Takeaki ENOMOTO ('the Ezo Republic').
- 発酵の過程で乳酸菌が少量混入し、コウジカビの酵素による発酵のほか、乳酸発酵も進行する。
- Lactic fermentation occurs due to a small amount of lactic acid bacteria that are added during fermentation, and fermentation by Aspergillus enzymes.
- タンパク質がアミノ酸に消化されていく過程における加水分解で生成される水溶性混合物の総称
- any of various water-soluble compounds that form by hydrolysis in the digestion of proteins to amino acids
- 電子が原子やイオンに加えられるとき(例えば酸素を取り除き水素を加える事によって)の過程
- any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)
- ニトロ基が有機化合物(または有機化合物の別のグループに置換される)に加えられる化学過程
- the chemical process in which a nitro group is added to an organic compound (or substituted for another group in an organic compound)
- またその過程で、それまでの緩い惣領制から同族諸流の家格・家職争いや独立志向も熾烈化する。
- In its process, a conflict between the same tribes concerning the family business or position heated up and they were more aware of becoming independent as compared with those who had been in the mild eldest son system that had continued until then.
- 事業者による取扱いの過程において固体以外の状態にならず、かつ、粉状又は粒状にならない製品
- A product that remains only in the form of a solid while being handled by a business operator and does not become powdered or granulated
- 仏教の阿含経典では、この三昧に至る過程には、まず初禅から第四禅までの4段階があるとする。
- In the process of attaining Sanmai, according to Agama Sutra, there are four stages from shozen (the first Dhyana) to daishizen (the fourth Dhyana).
- 生地に温泉水を使うこと、または蒸しの過程で、温泉の蒸気を使うことから付けられたとされる。
- It is supposedly named after that hot spring water is used for its dough and the steam from hot spring is also used for steaming the buns.
- 脱落者については最初から描かれていなかったとする説と伝本の過程で失われたとする説がある。
- There are two widely held explanations regarding the missing ministers: that they were never actually painted, and that their portraits were lost in the process of transcribing the book.
- 竹鶴などのジャパニーズ・ウイスキーの先駆者たちはスコッチ・ウイスキーの製造過程を学んだ。
- The pioneers of Japanese whisky learned the producing process of Scotch whisky.
- 微生物による発酵過程を経ないため、香りは立たず、色は黒く、歩留まりは悪くなると思われる。
- It is not fragrant, and is dark in color, and the yield decreases as the fermentation process by microorganisms was omitted.
- 2つの娘細胞の中に分離を引き起こす有糸核分裂に続く細胞質の細胞の分裂から成る有機的な過程
- organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
- (人間の意志によってというよりも)自然の中に存在するもしくは自然によって作り出される過程
- a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings)
- これらの3つのパイオンは、実際に交換過程の間に合成粒子として一時的に結合するかもしれない
- these three pions may actually be joined together transiently as a compound particle during the interchange process
- スコットランドの地質学者で、地球の表面を形成した過程を解説した(1726年−1797年)
- Scottish geologist who described the processes that have shaped the surface of the earth (1726-1797)
- これらの鎮圧過程で延喜年間に軍制の改革が進められ、国衙の軍事動員に対する規制が緩和された。
- In this process of suppressing the war, the military system was reformed in the Engi (901 - 923) era, making less restrictive the regulation of kokuga mobilizing people for military purposes.
- なお、この過程において、国司(国衙機構)を中心とする軍事制度、すなわち国衙軍制が成立した。
- In the course of these events, a military system centering on kokushi (the kokuga system); namely, the kokuga forces system was formed.
- 後者の場合は目的地からの神社への復路の過程に還幸祭(かんこうさい)という言葉が用いられる。
- In the latter, the term Kanko-sai Festival is used for the process of the return trip from the destination to the shrine.
- 承認取得者が、当該承認に係る総合衛生管理製造過程の一部を前項の承認を受けずに変更したとき。
- When a person obtaining approval has changed part of the comprehensive sanitation management and production process pertaining to said approval without obtaining approval under the preceding paragraph;
- 1940年頃に企画された中央公論社版の『尾崎紅葉全集』の編集過程で、創作メモが発見された。
- The creation notes for this novel written by Koyo were found during the process of compiling Chuo Koronsha edition of 'The Complete Works of Ozaki Koyo,' which was planned around 1940.
- 入唐直前まで一私度僧であった空海が突然留学僧として浮上する過程は、今日なお謎を残している。
- He was only a shidoso (priest having entered Buddhist priesthood without permission) until immediately before going to Tang, and it still remains a riddle about how such a priest could suddenly emerge as a ryugakuso.
- 当人の人となりと落語家廃業(破門)に至る過程は談志『談志楽屋噺』(文春文庫)に書いてある。
- Raisu's personality together with an episode of his discontinuance of (expulsion from) the rakugo storyteller career are related by 'Danshi Gakuya Banashi' (Greenroom Talk of Danshi, publisher: Bunshu Bunko) authored by Danshi (TATEKAWA).
- しかし、日本酒やビールはワインと違い、原料に糖を含まないため、糖化という過程が必要である。
- Different from wine, however, in the case of beer and sake, as no sugar is included in the raw materials, but the process of saccharification is necessary.
- 天台宗が全国に広がる過程で、山王権現も各地に勧請され、多くは天台宗の寺院の鎮守神とされた。
- As the Tendai sect was propagated across Japan, Sanno Gongen was branched and constructed across Japan mostly to be the guardian deity of the Tendai sect temples.
- 1986年 - 清酒製造過程でのカルバミン酸エチル削減法として急速冷却方式の実験施設完成。
- 1986: An experimental facility for a rapid quenching system as a method to reduce ethyl carbamate in the process of seishu production was completed.
- 石油の炭化水素分子が促進剤の存在下で高圧下の水素の追加により灯油とガソリンに分解される過程
- the process whereby hydrocarbon molecules of petroleum are broken down into kerosene and gasolene by the addition of hydrogen under high pressure in the presence of a catalyst
- ある植物の素材が、元の形を変えることなく、鉱物粒子を持つ水が浸透することで石に変化する過程
- the process of turning some plant material into stone by infiltration with water carrying mineral particles without changing the original shape
- 生命体が、受精した接合体から新たな接合体を作り出せるように成熟するまでの、成長の変化の過程
- the course of developmental changes in an organism from fertilized zygote to maturity when another zygote can be produced
- 彼は、彼が他の種との区別を獲得してきた淘汰過程が彼に押しつけた性癖の導きのもとに行動する。
- He acts under the guidance of propensities which have been imposed upon him by the process of selection to which he owes his differentiation from other species.
- けれど他の解答(変形の過程に神的な作用を見るようなものまで含めて)もほのめかしているんだ。
- but others have been suggested, too (including some which see a divine agency at work in the transforming process).
- (昆虫について)幼虫が基本的に成虫のようで、さなぎの段階がない、発達過程にある不完全な変形
- (of an insect) undergoing incomplete metamorphosis in which the nymph is essentially like the adult and there is no pupal stage
- 天然痘にかかっている人の小嚢からとった構成要素を影響を受けやすい人に予防接種する旧式の過程
- the obsolete process of inoculating a susceptible person with material taken from a vesicle of a person who has smallpox
- 元暦元年(1184年)木曽義仲が滅亡、その過程で義仲に従っていた父と兄・幸広も戦死を遂げる。
- Yoshinaka KISO ruined in 1184 and his father and brother Yukihiro who accompanied Yoshinaka died in battle.
- 陶芸、染織、漆芸、金工その他の工芸技術のうち我が国の工芸技術の変遷の過程を知る上に貴重なもの
- The applied art including pottery, dyeing, lacquer work and gold work, which possesses a high value for seeing the history of transition of the applied art in this country.
- ユダヤ教のラビのお墨付きが付いた食材(カシュルート)は製造過程に甲殻類が一切関わっていない。
- No substance related to Crustaceans is included in processes used to manufacture the foodstuffs approved by Judaistic rabbis (kashrut).
- 国家神道体制が確立する過程で神社は宗教ではないということで公法上の営造物法人として扱われた。
- In the process of establishing the State Shinto system, shrines were treated under public law as artificial corporations rather than religions.
- また、熟成の過程でアミノ酸の一種チロシンが結晶化し表面に白い斑点状のものが現れることがある。
- In addition, white dots of crystallized tyrosine, an amino acid, sometimes appear on the surface during the maturation process.
- 大陸から日本に伝来し、日本に定着する過程で、そのような変化、工夫が加わっていったものである。
- Such changes and innovations occurred in the process of adaptation in Japan after their introduction from the Asian continent.
- それぞれの特徴(大きさまたは方向のような)が偶然に決定されるという一連の変化からなる確率過程
- a stochastic process consisting of a sequence of changes each of whose characteristics (as magnitude or direction) is determined by chance
- いくつかの言語の関連した単語が言語学的過程で引き出される共通の基準として推論される単純な形態
- a simple form inferred as the common basis from which related words in several languages can be derived by linguistic processes
- しかし、同型の鏡の分布からここまでダイナミックな過程を想定するのは無理があるとも言われている。
- However, some people say that it is impossible to imagine such a dynamic process with the distributing the same form of mirrors.
- これらの租税を中央へ納入する過程で、国司(受領)は租税の一部を私財化し巨富を得ていたとされる。
- It is believed that kokushi (zuryo) embezzled taxes through the process of paying it to the central government and obtained big profits.
- そうした過程の中で、知行国支配の拠点であった国衙が守護の支配下に置かれると、知行国は消滅した。
- When kokuga (provincial government offices), which was the core site of controlling a chigyo-koku province, became placed under control of the Shugo in such a process, the chigyo-koku province became extinct.
- が、父が出世の過程で突然の配流となった為、まだ若年でありながら多田荘を継承したものと思われる。
- However, since his father was suddenly exiled in the middle of the career progress, Yukikuni supposedly inherited the Tada-no-sho estate at his early age.
- 幕末の尊王攘夷運動の過程で強化され、明治維新後には政治体制によって正統な歴史観として確立した。
- It was strongly influenced by a campaign to restore the emperor and expel the barbarians during the last days of the Tokugawa government, it was established as an orthodox historical view by the new political system after the Meiji Restoration.
- この過程で大饗料理には存在していた台盤や唐菓子などの中国文化風味が欠落していった物と思われる。
- In this process, things peculiar to China such as daiban (an oblong table for food) and togashi in the daikyo ryori seems to have been eliminated.
- 法第十六条第一項又は第二項の検査は、修理又は改造の計画、過程及び作業完了後の現状について行う。
- Inspections specified in paragraphs (1) or (2) of Article 16 of the Act shall be performed for plans, processes and current conditions after completion of works of repair or alteration.
- 複数刺激が1つの刺激だけが起こさない応答(筋肉、神経または他の部分の)を起こすことができる過程
- the process whereby multiple stimuli can produce a response (in a muscle or nerve or other part) that one stimulus alone does not produce
- また、この交渉過程で、1953年に土地改良資金を提供したときに、永久示談を行ったと古河側は主張。
- Moreover, in the negotiation process, the Furukawa side insisted that in 1953 when they had paid for the land improvement, they had made a final composition with the condition that the victims abandoned every right to demand money after that.
- また、近代都市はその成長過程で工業を富の基盤とし、労働者を引き寄せて人口集中を実現する例が多い。
- In addition, there are many cases where a modern city uses industry as a base of wealth in the course of its growth, attracting workers and thereby gaining in its concentration of population.
- 神道が形成される過程において、古代は仏教から強く影響を受け、近世では儒教の日本への流入が大きい。
- During the process of the establishment of Shinto, the ancient times were deeply influenced by Buddhism, and in the modern times, the entry of Confucianism into Japan was significant.
- このため、乱は能楽師の修行の過程において、重要な階梯であると考えられ、初演を披きとして重く扱う。
- Therefore, the acquisition of the midare is considered to be important at the training, and the first performance of the midare is even considered to be the performer's debut.
- がっかりした行動、または、恐怖や疑念、心配を植えつけることによって抑制されている行動及びその過程
- the act or process of discouraging actions or preventing occurrences by instilling fear or doubt or anxiety
- 何らかの目的のための準備、向上するため、または状態を改善することを伴う過程または処理を受けさせる
- subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition
- 市民に彼らが武装交戦を避けようとしていると信じてもらいたい政府によって行われる社会過程のいずれか
- any social process undertaken by governments who want their citizens to believe they are trying to avoid armed hostilities
- この演説の発端で、経験の外にある物理法則が経験から抽象化の過程によって導き出されると述べました。
- At the outset of this Address it was stated that physical theories which lie beyond experience are derived by a process of abstraction from experience.
- しかし大和民族の連合政権とされるヤマト王権の成立過程は、現段階でも明らかになっておらず、謎も多い。
- However, the process of the establishment of Yamato sovereignty, which is thought to be a coalition government of Yamato tribes, is not clear and there are many mysteries remaining.
- 指定化学物質等の製造の過程におけるその回収、再利用その他の指定化学物質等の使用の合理化に関する事項
- Matters concerning the rational use of Designated Chemical Substances, etc. including the recovery and reutilization of Designated Chemical Substances, etc. in their manufacturing process
- 聖宝が遺した『実修実証』の言葉は、当山派修行者の実践過程において、常に護持すべき修験道の心とする。
- The term, 'Jisshu Jissho' (Discipline to prove the teaching) left by Shobo, should be the mind of mountaineering asceticism and always maintained by practitioners of Tozan School in the process of practice.
- つまり上記は、漬け込む過程で絶対にアルコールが生成しないという条件に基づいて設けられた規定である。
- In short, the above is an exemption that was established on condition that alcohol will never be produced during the steeping process.
- メッセンジャーRNAでコード化された遺伝情報が、特異タンパクの構成を細胞質のリボゾームに向ける過程
- the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
- 自然の過程(腐食のような)、あるいは工具によって掘られた(例えば、レコードの溝など)長く狭いくぼみ
- a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)
- 幕末の過程は、多くの文学作品に描かれており、たとえば島崎藤村の長編小説『夜明け前』などが挙げられる。
- The process of the change was described in many works of literature, such as 'Yoakemae' (Before the Dawn), a long novel written by Toson SHIMAZAKI.
- かつて芹沢長介は有舌尖頭器を形態上の差異に着目して4群に分け、その変遷過程を示している(1966)。
- Chosuke SERIZAWA once classified the hafted point into four groups focusing on their morphological differences and presented a theory on their transition (1966).
- その過程で対立した越後国の上杉謙信と5次にわたると言われる川中島の戦いを行いつつ信濃をほぼ平定する。
- He all but subjugated Shinano Province while simultaneously carrying out the Battle of Kawanakajima against Kenshin UESUGI of Echigo Province, whom he fought in the process of invading Shinano Province, which was said to have occurred five times.
- 生活の便宜と理解され、生活過程や知識と一致するものは、それによって、正しく良きものとして理解される。
- What is apprehended with facility and is consistent with the process of life and knowledge is thereby apprehended as right and good.
- この原理は、かつては一般的だった、通常の産業過程にたいする立法府なり政府官僚による干渉を糾弾します。
- This principle condemns the interferences, once so common, of the legislature, or the officers of government, with the ordinary processes of industry.
- その過程で、仮名文字の発達とあいまって和歌は次第に公的な文化として復権し、歌合も行われるようになった。
- In its process, Waka gradually regained its position as an official culture along with the development of Kana characters (the Japanese syllabaries), and Uta awase (poetry match) came to be held.
- 増刷の過程で複数の異なった書名となり、『顧氏芸閣集古印譜』・『顧氏印藪』・『王氏秦漢印統』などがある。
- In the process of additional printings, it took multiple different names such as '顧氏芸閣集古印譜 (Koshigeikakushuko Inpu)'/'顧氏印藪 (Koshi Inso) '/王氏秦漢印統 (Oshi shinkan into), and so on.
- 律令国家が王朝国家へと変質し、朝廷から地方行政(国衙・受領)へ行政権を委任する過程で成立したとされる。
- It is said that this system was established in the process in which the ritsuryo-code-based nation was changed to a dynastic nation and the Imperial Court entrusted its administrative rights to the local administrative organs (kokuga [provincial government offices] and zuryo [the head of the provincial governors]).
- 織田信長は勢力拡大の過程で志摩国の守護九鬼氏出身の九鬼嘉隆を臣属させ九鬼氏を主体とした水軍を編成した。
- Nobunaga ODA, in the process of extending his influence, put Yoshitaka KUKI who came from Kuki clan, the Shugo in Shima Province, under his control and organized his suigun that consisted of mainly the Kuku clan.
- 捜査の過程で、金子管理の役僧清心坊が扇屋の女郎十六夜と関係しているのが発覚し、清心は鎌倉を追放される。
- In the process of an investigation, it turns out that the sexton Seishin-bo at the temple, who was in charge of accounting, has had a sexual relationship with a courtesan Izayoi at Ogiya, and he is expelled from Kamakura.
- 大陸風の挂甲から日本独特の大鎧形式への変化の過程やその正確な時期については、遺品が乏しく明らかでない。
- Concerning the exact time and the process of change from continent's style of armor to Japan's peculiar style of large armor, historical items left behind are scarce and not clear.
- 進化、自然の成長、分化、あるいは伝導性のある環境の過程を通じて、成長し、進歩し、展開し、または発展する
- grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment
- 生理的時間のリズムは、特定の基本過程に対する干渉によるものでない限り修正可能ではない−アレキシ・カレル
- the rhythm of physiological time is not modifiable except by interference with certain fundamental processes- Alexis Carrel
- 『日本書紀』などにはそれを窺わせる記述(ヤマトタケル説話など)が残されているが、詳細な過程は不詳である。
- There were transcribed statements referencing examples of conflicts with others over the power of Yamato sovereignty [tale of the Yamato Takeru (no mikoto)] in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), but no details of this process were available to us.
- 当時はちょうど荘園公領制の発展過程の時期にあたり、荘園・国衙領(公領)の運営体制が確立しようとしていた。
- This was the time when the Shoen koryo (public lands) system was developed and the management system for shoen, kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) was being established.
- この「講」が中世ごろから民間に浸透する過程で、様々な信仰集団に「講」という名称がつけられるようになった。
- While this concept of ko spread to the public in the Middle Ages, many types of faith groups used the term ko in their names.
- 32年間、隋の滅亡(618年)から唐の建国の過程を見聞して、640年(舒明12)に高向玄理とともに帰国。
- After experiencing the process from the fall of Sui Dynasty (618) to the establishment of Tang Dynasty during his 32-year stay, he returned to Japan along with TAKAMUKO no Kuromaro in 640.
- そういった答えに至る過程に禅の極意が含まれているとし、修行者を正しい悟りに導くための工夫の一つとされる。
- It is said that the secret of Zen is included in such a process to reach an answer and that koan is one of the devices to lead a practitioner to enlightenment.
- 製造の過程で'かす'(液化粕)が出るが、'酒粕'として使用することが出来ず、産業廃棄物として処理される。
- The sake lees (kasu), which are produced during the production process, cannot be used as edible 'sake kasu' and they are disposed as industrial waste.
- Although some 'dregs' (liquid lees) are produced during the process of the method, this dregs can not be used as 'sake-kasu' and are disposed of as an industrial waste.
- 腹から裂いた場合蒸す過程で外側の身が割れて串から外れてしまうため、外側が厚くなる背開きが必然でもあった。
- If the eel was split open from the belly side, the flesh on the edges would break apart and fall off the skewers, therefore it was necessary to split open from the back side so that the edges would be thick enough.
- 近衛次将から弁官に昇進して参議を兼ねるという羽林家と名家 (公家)の昇進過程を併せ持つ特殊な家であった。
- The title afforded them a special status in that the family was entitled to promotion both as Urinke and meika (an upper rank of kuge, or court noble), enabling family members to be promoted from the position of Konoe no Jisho (vice-minister of the Palace Guards) to that of benkan (official of the dajokan, or Grand Council of State), and still hold an additional post such as that of sangi (councilor).
- 八反錦1号と姉妹種で開発過程は同じであるが、1号よりも高地である標高400m前後が最適な栽培地とされる。
- It's a sister variety of Hattan nishiki No.1 and the process of development was the same as that for Hattan nishiki No.1, but it's believed that this variety is suitable for a growing district with a higher altitude of about 400 meters above sea level, as opposed to No.1.
- ダーウィン理論は進化のメカニズムの中心には、なんの知的目的意識のないランダムで機械的過程があると主張する
- Darwinian theory maintains that at the heart of the mechanism of evolution lies a random mechanical process, without any intelligent sense of purpose
- あなたは分子過程と意識現象との間の論理的関連の点で、人間の知性をそれが求めるほどには満足させていません。
- You cannot satisfy the human understanding in its demand for logical continuity between molecular processes and the phenomena of consciousness.
- この定義は、注意しておいてほしいんだけど、この過程がどんなふうに起るかってことには、なにも言っていない。
- This definition, it should be noted, makes no claims about how the process might occur,
- 個性と性的行動が一連の段階を通じて成熟する過程:最初の口唇期、肛門期、男根期、潜伏期および最終的な性器期
- the process during which personality and sexual behavior mature through a series of stages: first oral stage and then anal stage and then phallic stage and then latency stage and finally genital stage
- 李氏朝鮮成立の過程で土地制度の改革が行われ、科田制及び職田制が導入され、多くの既存荘園が没収されていった。
- During the formation process of the Yi Dynasty Korea, the land system was reformed, the rank-land system (kwajonbop) and the 'office land' (chikchon) system were introduced and lots of existing manors were confiscated.
- このように、寛平・延喜東国の乱の鎮圧過程を通じて新たな国家軍制である国衙軍制が、まず東国において成立した。
- In this way, the kokuga forces system was established as the new national military system, first in the eastern region through the process of suppressing the Kanpyo Engi Togoku War.
- 頼親は大和国の国司となり同国に勢力を拡大、その過程で興福寺などの南都勢力と武力衝突を起こして流罪となった。
- Yorichika became the kokushi (provincial governor) of the Province of Yamato, and extended his power across the Province; during this process he fought against the forces of Nanto (southern capital [Nara]), such as Kofuku-ji Temple, and was exiled.
- 日本銀行は、通貨及び金融の調節に関する意思決定の内容及び過程を国民に明らかにするよう努めなければならない。
- The Bank of Japan shall endeavor to clarify to the citizen the content of its decisions, as well as its decision-making process, regarding currency and monetary control.
- 薪や炭火は火が強くなりがちで、最後の蒸らす過程で火が強すぎると、鍋底にご飯が黒く焦げ付くこともままあった。
- With firewood or charcoal, fire tends to be strong, and if fire is too strong during the steaming process, rice may be burned black and stick to the bottom of the pan.
- この儀式に7年もの歳月がかかるのは、その過程で僧侶とその伴侶の女性が悟りを得ることがその目的だからである。
- The ritual takes seven years because the goal of the ritual is for a monk and his female partner to reach enlightenment during the course of it.
- レジ袋1枚を約8~10gとすると、製造過程で小さな猪口1杯分(約16~18ml)の原油を使うとされている。
- On the assumption that the weight of one supermarket checkout bag is approx. 8 to 10 grams, then a sake cup (approx. 16 to 18 milliliter) of crude oil is considered to be consumed in the manufacturing process.
- 高電圧の静電荷を粒子に印加し、荷電した板の上でそれらを集めることによってガスから浮遊煤塵粒子を取り除く過程
- a process that removes suspended dust particles from a gas by applying a high voltage electrostatic charge to the particles and collecting them on charged plates
- 機械の状態監視及び診断−技術者の訓練及び認証に関する要求事項−第1部:認証機関及び認証過程に関する要求事項
- Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines-Requirements for training and certification of personnel-Part1:Requirements for certifying bodies and the certification process
- この乱の過程で鎌倉幕府は朝廷から東国の支配権、軍事警察権を獲得し、朝廷から独立した地方政権へと成長していた。
- During the war, the Kamakura bakufu obtained the right to rule Togoku as well as military and police authorities, becoming a local government independent of the Imperial Court.
- 明治以降では初の平民の皇太子妃であり、また結婚に至る過程が報道されたこともあって市民からは熱烈に歓迎された。
- The new Crown Princess received an enthusiastic welcome from the nation, because she was the first commoner to be the Crown Princess after the Meiji period, as well as the process to the marriage had been reported.
- 破砕の過程を続けると、どんなに小さな部分でも、それぞれが、弱くなったとわいえ、全体の極性を帯びているのです。
- We continue the process of breaking, but, however small the parts, each carries with it, though enfeebled, the polarity of the whole.
- もっとも君の連続した推論の一つ一つの段階においては、君がその過程を説明してくれない限り私はまごつくばかりだ。
- though at each successive instance of your reasoning I am baffled until you explain your process.
- 彼がそこから社会的動物の精神的な骨格を獲得してきた淘汰の過程は、同時に彼を実質的に平和な動物にしたのである。
- and the selective process whereby he has acquired the spiritual make-up of a social animal has at the same time made him substantially a peaceful animal.
- この智識寺は、名が表すとおり智識(同信集団)の勧進銭によってできた寺で、それは東大寺成立の過程にも反映された。
- As its name represents, this Chishiki-ji Temple was built with money raised by the Chishiki group (a group of people who had the same faith), who solicited contributions, and this system was reflected in the process to found Todai-ji Temple.
- 神幸祭は「神の行幸」の意味で、広義には行幸の全体を、狭義には神社から御旅所などの目的地までの往路の過程を指す。
- Shinko-sai Festival' means an 'imperial visit by god' and broadly refers to the entire imperial visit; narrowly conceived it refers to the process of the outward trip from the shrine to the destination such as otabisho.
- 実験結果は測定可能なものでなければならないし、実験過程は、繰り返すことができるものでなければならないのだった。
- The results should be measurable and the process repeatable.
- 型式証明を行うための検査は、当該型式の設計並びにその設計に係る航空機のうち一機の製造過程及び現状について行う。
- Inspections to conduct type certification shall be performed for the design of the relevant type, and manufacturing process and current conditions of one of aircrafts pertaining to its design.
- この過程で永禄10年(1567年)、三人衆の軍勢が陣取った奈良東大寺を松永軍が攻撃、焼亡する事件が起きている。
- During the battle, Todai-ji Temple, which was occupied by the Miyoshi sanninshu's army for use as an outpost, was attacked by Matsunaga's soldiers and burnt down in 1567.
- 中央アジアを経て中国に伝わる過程で武神としての信仰が生まれ、四天王の一尊たる武神・守護神とされるようになった。
- During the process that was transmitted to China through Central Asia, the faith as a war god was created and it came to be a guardian deity as one of the Shitenno.
- 白折(しらおれ)は、日本茶の一種で玉露や煎茶の製造過程で取り除かれた茎の部分を集めたもので、茎独特の味がある。
- Shiraore is a type of Japanese tea that consists of tea stems eliminated from Gyokuro (refined green tea) or green tea of middle grade in processing and has an unique flavor derived from stems.
- 前項の規定にかかわらず、次に掲げる航空機については、設計又は製造過程について検査の一部を行わないことができる。
- Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a part of inspection for design or manufacturing process may not be performed for aircrafts listed in the following:
- 例えば、まあ、ある種の魚がさまざまな段階を経て、牛やカンガルーや鷲に変形(というか進化)していく過程のことだ。
- for example, the process by which, say, a species of fish gets transformed (or evolves) through various stages into a cow, a kangaroo, or an eagle.
- 源氏物語の古註『源氏物語紫明抄』に引かれる『枕草子』の本文には現存本にないものもあり、複雑な成立過程を思わせる。
- Some lines of 'The Pillow Book,' as quoted from the old commentary 'Shimei-sho Commentary of 'The Tale of Genji,'' don't exist in the surviving manuscript, which suggests that the writing process was complicated.
- なお、正式な関白の地位を手に入れる過程で阿衡の紛議という事件が起こり、基経は天皇に謝罪させることに成功している。
- In addition, in the process of obtaining the official post of chancellor, an incident called the Ako Controversy occurred, and Mototsune succeeded in getting an apology from an emperor.
- 父の義光が常陸国に勢力を扶植する過程で、同国武田郷(茨城県ひたちなか市武田)の支配を任され「武田冠者」を名乗る。
- While his father Yoshimitsu was establishing his power in Hitachi Province, he was assigned to control Takeda-go (Takeda village) in the province (Takeda, Hitachinaka City, Ibaraki Prefecture) and called himself 'Takeda Kaja.'
- またそれらが歴史的な過程で絡み合い変容していく場合もあり、どれか一つをもって一般論を導き出すのは、困難といえる。
- Additionally, there is a case that these were combined and changed over a period of history so that it is said to be difficult to reach general ideas from any one originating point.
- わさびの辛さは、細胞内にあるシニグリンがすりおろす過程で細胞にある酵素と反応することにより生成されるものである。
- The pungent taste of wasabi is created when synigrin, which exists in wasabi's cells, reacts with enzymes during the process of grating.
- 鎌倉幕府の治績から尊氏が政権を掌握するまでの過程を、足利氏による室町幕府創立の正当性を主張する視点から描いている。
- Starting from the Kamakura shogunate's political achievements, it describes the course of Takauji's seizure of power from a standpoint arguing for the legitimacy of the establishment of the Muromachi shogunate by the Ashikaga clan.
- 旧唐書の中には日本について「倭国伝」と「日本国伝」の二つが立てられているのも編纂過程の影響であると考えられている。
- It seems that the editorial processes played a part in providing two chapters on Japan: 'The Book of Wakoku' and 'The Book of Nipponkoku' in the Old Book of Tang.
- 織田政権による統一戦争から江戸幕府成立の過程で、浄土真宗をはじめとする寺社勢力は統一権力の前に自律性を失っていく。
- In the course of wars to unify Japan under the Oda government to the establishment of the Edo bakufu, the temples and shrines such as Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) started to lose their autonomy.
- 財閥形成の過程として、片倉財閥の様に製糸業に注力するなど、一つの事業に集中して投資し、芋づる式に発展する場合が多い。
- The typical process of forming a zaibatsu shows, as seen in an example of Katakura Zaibatsu, that entrepreneurs concentrate on a single business, such as the silk-reeling industry, and then expand the business through the imozuru system.
- 国内の公田を名田へ再編成していく過程で、従来の班田図は不必要とされ、新たに国内の公田台帳となる基準国図が作成された。
- In the process of reorganizing Koden into Myoden, former handen maps (map of allotted farmland) were abolished and instead, Kijunkokuzu (standardized map of provinces), a register of Koden, was made.
- このように、家康の判断等の過程はどうあれ同盟者への安全確認も満足にしなかったのは、間違いであったと言わざるを得ない。
- Whatever the process of his judgment on Ieyasu's matter was, it was his mistake not to confirm his ally's safety fully enough.
- 彼は、こうした機械が消化、摂取、呼吸という過程や心臓の挙動を実行できる能力をもつことを、頭の中で明らかにしたのです。
- He has made clear to his mind that such a machine would be competent to carry on the processes of digestion, nutrition, growth, respiration, and the bearing of the heart.
- 室町時代・戦国時代 (日本)・安土桃山時代を経て江戸幕府成立に至る過程で、次第に武士が公権力を担う領域は拡大し続けた。
- In the formation process of the Edo bakufu through the Muromachi, Sengoku, and Azuchi-Momoyama period, the area where the bushi were in charge of the official authority gradually and continuously increased.
- この矛盾を解消するために、古事記・日本書紀編纂の過程において別天津神は隠れたことにされた、と考えることができるだろう。
- It's conceivable that Kotoamatsukami were hidden in the process of editing Kojiki and Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) in order to resolve this contradiction.
- 破精(はぜ)とは、日本酒の醸造過程の中で日本酒麹造り(せいぎく)、すなわち日本酒麹造りの段階で重要視される概念である。
- Haze is a notion considered to be important in the seigiku process, that is a manufacturing process of sake rice malt, in the brewing process of sake.
- しかし、その石や木自体を製作する過程で、一度原本から文字を模写する必要があるし、さらにその文字を彫らなければならない。
- In the process of making the piece of stone or wood itself, however, original characters once need to be copied and the copied characters need to be engraved.
- その過程で茶器も唐物(中国製)中心から高麗物(朝鮮半島製)、和物(日本製)がよしとされるように価値観が変わっていった。
- As a result, the types of tea bowls that were valued also changed, from karamono (goods imported from China) to koraimono (goods imported from Korea) and wamono (goods made in Japan).
- 「呼吸力」は盛平が自らの武道を確立する過程で生み出した造語であり、「合気」を盛平独自の主観を通して表現したものである。
- Breath power' is a coined termed created by Morihei in the process of establishing his martial art, and it's an expression of 'aiki' through Morihei's unique point of view.
- 無意識の願望あるいは葛藤から生じて、通常の健康な個人の無意識的な過程明確にするという(シグモンド・フロイトによる)失策
- a slip-up that (according to Sigmund Freud) results from the operation of unconscious wishes or conflicts and can reveal unconscious processes in normal healthy individuals
- 但し、この説は仮定を重ねている部分も多く、推論の過程に誤りが含まれているといった批判もあり、仮定の域を出るものではない。
- However this view is generally based on the other assumptions, which are said to contain errors in the process of making inferences, so it remains a matter of conjecture.
- 信西打倒のための武力蜂起計画が進行する過程で、伏見の自領を信頼の武芸の訓練のために提供するなど、深く謀議に関与している。
- In the course of development of a plan for armed uprising to overthrow Shinzei, he was deeply involved in the plot as seen by the fact that he offered his fief in Fushimi to Nobuyori in exchange for being trained in martial arts.
- この過程で葛城氏の円大臣は血縁的に近い市辺押磐皇子らの履中系と結ぶこととなり、允恭系との対立をますます深めたのであろう。
- It seems that during this period, Tsubura no Okimi became more closely connected to the Richu family which had members such as Prince Ichinobe no Oshihano, and his relation with the Ingyo family became more antagonistic.
- その過程で生じた副産物を発酵・蒸留した製法で、焼酎に類似する「糖酎」「泡酒」「蜜酒」と呼ばれた酒が戦前に醸造されていた。
- With fermenting and distilling the by-products generated in the manufacturing process, liquors called 'tochu,' 'awazake,' 'mitsuzake,' similar to shochu, were produced before the war.
- 音楽家の例では、練習によって、聴覚や触覚や筋肉といった多くの組合せが自動的な楽器演奏の過程に融合できるようになるのです。
- Instance the musician, who, by practice, is enabled to fuse a multitude of arrangements, auditory, tactual, and muscular, into a process of automatic manipulation.
- (なお、この過程で桂内閣との妥協を推進した田健治郎とこれに反対した尾崎行雄はそれぞれの反対派に追われる形で離党している。)
- (In this process, both Kenjiro DEN who promoted compromise with the Katsura Cabinet and Yukio OZAKI who opposed to Den's idea were expelled from the party by their opponents.)
- 東京の町並が東京市、東京都へと変遷しつつ拡大してゆく過程で、かつての江戸は都心となり、その中核としての役割を果たしている。
- As the townscape of Tokyo expanded and transformed from a city to a metropolis, the area formerly known as Edo became downtown Tokyo, and serves as its center.
- したがって、研究と利益確保の矛盾する命題を追う過程で、研究と施業の双方で妥協せざるを得ない場面に遭遇することもままあった。
- Therefore, in the process of pursuing the contradictory themes that research had to be done and profits had to be gained as well, compromises had sometimes to be made both in the research and in the business.
- 大臣である兄・蘇我馬子とともに推古天皇・聖徳太子の執政を支えるが、その過程で聖徳太子一族(上宮王家)との結びつきを深めた。
- He and his brother and the minister SOGA no Umako supported the administration of Empress Suiko and Shotoku Taishi (Prince Shotoku), and built up a strong connection with Jogu Oke (the highest royal family) led by Shotoku Taishi.
- 握り寿司は、人間の手で腐敗しやすい生鮮魚介類と酢飯を握る工程を行うものであり、その過程で雑菌が付着することは避けられない。
- Nigiri-zushi is made through a process of combining vinegared rice with perishable seafood by hand, and bacterial contamination is inevitable in the process.
- しかしその過程で紛糾し、仲裁に入ったマキノの四国ブロック配給会社・三共社の山崎徳次郎すらマキノに怒りを感じる結果を生んだ。
- However, the negotiation process became so complicated that even the mediator named Tokujiro YAMAZAKI from Sankyo, Makino's distribution company in the Shikoku region, became angry with Makino.
- 原料となる米不足、酒造所の廃業による清酒の生産量低下、そのため造り酒屋>問屋>小売店>消費者と流通過程で次々と加水された。
- The decrease of production volume of sake due to the deficit of rice, its material, and closing of sake breweries caused water-adding happened in sequence during the course of distribution; sake breweries, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers.
- この変遷の過程は近代日本語において完成をみるが、ある面では終止形と連体形が融合した結果引き起こされた変化であるといえよう。
- This process of change completed in Early Modern Japanese, and in a way it can be considered to be a change caused by the integration of an end-form and an attributive form.
- この際に大徳寺派の臨済宗寺院が大きな役割を果たし、利休流茶道の根本とされる「和敬清寂」という標語もこの過程で生み出された。
- The Rinzai Sect temples of the Daitokuji School greatly contributed to this, and 'wakei seijaku' (harmony, respect, purity, and tranquility), the motto that was considered to be fundamental to sado of the Rikyu School was created in this process.
- 未来の状態の分布は、現在の状態によってのみ依存し、どのように現在の状態に達したかということには依存しないという単純確率過程
- a simple stochastic process in which the distribution of future states depends only on the present state and not on how it arrived in the present state
- 民間事業者の選定については、公開の競争により選定を行う等その過程の透明化を図るとともに、民間事業者の創意工夫を尊重すること。
- When selecting a private business operator, the transparent process such as open competition shall be taken and the innovation of private businesses shall be respected.
- アルコール度数が20度以下の場合、上記の物品を混和した場合は、漬け込む過程で醗酵が生じ、アルコールが生成される可能性がある。
- If the above goods are mixed with alcohol, where the alcohol content is less than twenty percent by volume, fermentation may occur and alcohol may be produced during the steeping process.
- 製造の過程で'かす'(液化粕)が出るが、食用としての'酒粕'には使用できないものが多く、主に産業廃棄物として処理されてきた。
- In the sake-making process, lees (sake lees produced by liquefaction) is generated, but most of such lees cannot be used as edible 'sake-kasu' (sake lees), and has been disposed of as industrial waste.
- 醸造用乳酸(じょうぞうようにゅうさん)とは、日本酒の醸造過程における日本酒酒母造りで必要とされる純度の高い乳酸のことである。
- The lactic acid for making sake is the high-purity lactic acid required in making yeast mash in the process of brewing Japanese sake (rice wine).
- だが、皇位継承と徳政実施の過程において幕府との対立が表面化するようになり、朝廷内に再び反幕府の動きを潜在化させる遠因となった。
- However, during the processes of imperial succession and implementation of Tokusei, discord with the bakufu arose and became the underlying cause of a resurgence of the latent anti-bakufu sentiment within the Imperial Court.
- 前項の規定にかかわらず、国土交通大臣は、次に掲げる航空機については、設計又は製造過程について検査の一部を行わないことができる。
- The Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism may, notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, omit a part of the inspection for the design or manufacturing process concerning the aircraft listed below.
- 出汁に浸す過程より派生した調理名であるが、この工程は省かれることも多く、単に茹でた食材に醤油をかけたものもおひたしと呼ばれる。
- This cookery name is derived from the process to soak ingredients in soup stock, but this process is often skipped, and simply boiled foods with soy sauce on it is also called ohitashi.
- その細工の技術と美術的な観点、製作過程に特徴があり、食べることを目的としない、鑑賞するための展示品として製作される場合もある。
- The techniques, artistic aspects and manufacturing processes are characteristic and sometimes it is made not for eating but for a showpiece.
- これによって摂家以外の公卿や太上天皇は朝廷の政策決定過程から排除され、幕府の方針に忠実な朝廷の運営が行われる事を目指していた。
- Consequently, court nobles (excluding the regent and chancellor families) and retired emperors were not involved in the final process of making political decisions for the Imperial Palace; it was intended that the palace should be run in accordance with the government policy.
- 理由は、醸造過程で硬水を使用すると、ミネラルにより酵母の働きが活発になり、アルコール発酵すなわち糖の分解が速く進むからである。
- The reason is that, if hard water is used in the brewing process, yeast becomes vivid because of the existence of minerals and therefore alcoholic fermentation, namely the decomposition of sugar, is expedited.
- この過程で醤油はアルコールやバニリン等の香気成分による香り、大豆由来のアミノ酸によるうまみと、コムギ由来の糖による甘みを持つ。
- Through this process, soy-sauce gains a flavor caused by fragrant constituents such as alcohol or vanillin, savoriness due to amino acid from soy beans, and sweet taste due to sugar from wheat.
- そしてこの過程で、fetchmail のデザインは、先祖の popclient とは別の独自のアイデンティティを獲得してきた。
- And in the process, the fetchmail design acquired an identity of its own, different from the ancestral popclient.
- 科学的といわれる過程を特徴づけるのは、予測がなにか数量化可能な方法で、だれにでも、繰り返し、公開でチェックできるということだ。
- What characterizes such a process as scientific is that the prediction can be repeatedly and publicly checked by anyone in some quantifiable manner.
- この過程で、庶子を中心とする武士階層の没落が発生するとともに、本所(荘園領主)と在地武士との所領紛争が先鋭化していったのである。
- In the process, the fall of the samurai class centering around shoshi occurred, while territorial conflict between honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor) and the residing samurai became radical.
- 音楽、舞踊、演劇その他の芸能及びこれらの芸能の成立、構成上重要な要素をなす技法のうち我が国の芸能の変遷の過程を知る上に貴重なもの
- The performing arts including music, dance and drama, and the techniques playing an important role in such performing arts' establishment and construction, which possesses a high value for seeing the history of transition of the performing art in this country.
- それまではもっぱら風刺の手段と見なされていた漫画が、大衆娯楽として認識されていく過程において、岡本の活動は大きな役割を果たした。
- Okamoto's activity played a large role in the process that comics which were considered to be solely as a means of satire became recognized as popular entertainment.
- 明かり障子の歴史的発展の過程で、漆の塗子の縁が寝殿造りに使用され、襖障子と同様な室礼としての位置付けがあったことは注目に値する。
- It is notable that akari shoji with lacquered framework was used in a house built in the manner of Heian period palatial architecture and in the historical development of akari shoji, it was considered to be a kind of shitsurai equivalent to fusuma.
- その上で武士の生活態度や信条というモデルケースから日本人の精神的な土壌が醸成された過程を分かりやすい構成と言葉で読者に伝えている。
- He explained then the process in which Japanese spiritual base was fermented using model cases of samurai behaviours and principles in simple construction and words.
- 以後1873年徴兵令公布、1876年廃刀令、秩禄処分に至る過程で士族反乱が相次ぎ明治政府はこうした不満を海外に向ける必要もあった。
- Revolts by Shizoku occurred one after another during a process that ended in the promulgation of a Conscription Ordinance in 1873 and a decree banning the wearing of swords in 1867, and Chitsuroku-shobun (Abolition Measure of Hereditary Stipend), and the Meiji government needed to turned their attention to the outside of Japan.
- 京都府庁敷地内での発掘調査により、沿道の建物が建て替えられるたびに道幅が狭められ、現在のような狭い道となった過程が明らかになった。
- It has been made clear that the street became narrower and narrower each time buildings along the street were rebuilt, until it reached its current width, as a result of excavation researches within the precinct of Kyoto Prefectural Head Office.
- この過程で源義朝・源重成・源季実・源光保といった有力武士が滅亡したため、清盛は武士の第一人者として朝廷の軍事力・警察力を掌握した。
- Meanwhile, powerful warriors such as MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, MINAMOTO no Shigenari, MINAMOTO no Suezane, and MINAMOTO no Mitsuyasu died, allowing Kiyomori to become the first warrior to gain control over the Imperial army and police.
- 安定した極相が確立されるまで、ある群落が別のものに漸進的に交代することで引き起こされる、生態系におけるゆるやかで規則的な変化の過程
- the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established
- これまで『万国公法』をはじめとする近代国際法を受容した東アジア諸国が、外圧もしくは自発的努力によって変革を迫られた過程を述べてきた。
- After the reception of modern international laws such as 'Bankoku Koho,' East Asian countries were forced to push internally or externally to change the system of the countries and examples of those cases are described above.
- 家系としての「兵の家」の形成過程で忘れてはならないのが、10世紀後半に現役武官ではないのに「朝家の爪牙」として動員されたことである。
- What should not be forgotten in a formation process of 'tsuwamono-no-ie' (house of soldiers) as the family line was that 'choka no soga' mobilized in the late tenth century without the presence of a military officer.
- 天正10年(1582年)6月の信長の死後、秀吉が信長の後継者としての地位を確立する過程において、秀吉の数少ない縁者として重用された。
- After Nobunaga died in July 1582, Hideyoshi was establishing his status as his successor, and Hidetsugu was given important posts by Hideyoshi as one of a few relatives.
- 吟醸系(吟醸酒・純米吟醸酒・大吟醸酒・純米大吟醸酒)と非吟醸系(それ以外の酒)は、この過程において以下の二つの点で造り方が分かれる。
- Ways of producing ginjo system (ginjoshu, junmai ginjoshu, daiginjoshu and junmai daiginjoshu) and non-ginjo system (other than above-mentioned) sake differ in the following two points in this stage.
- 追加型式設計の承認を行うための検査は、当該追加型式設計に係る設計並びにその設計に係る航空機のうち一機の製造過程及び現状について行う。
- Inspections for approving supplemental type design shall be performed for the design pertaining to the applicable supplemental type design, and manufacturing process and current conditions of one of aircrafts pertaining to its design.
- 科学は明白に物理的過程という観点から物理的領域を理解する方法に限定しており、したがって、当然ながら神については何も明かにしないのだ。
- which explicitly confines itself to a way of understanding the physical realm in terms of physical processes and which, therefore, by definition, has nothing to reveal to us about God.
- その後、豊臣政権から江戸幕府成立の過程において、佐竹氏や里見氏などの旧来の勢力は転封あるいは改易によって関東の地から姿を消す事になる。
- Later, in the process from the Toyotomi government until the formation of the Edo bakufu, old powers such as the Satake clan and Satomi clan, disappeared from Kanto by relocation or being deprived of their territory.
- また、福羽美静ら津和野派国学者が構想していた祭政一致の具現化の過程では、天皇が「神道を司る一種の教主的な存在」としても位置づけられた。
- During the process of realizing 'saisei icchi' as conceived by scholars of ancient Japanese literature and culture from the Tsuwano school, such as Bisei FUKUBA, the Emperor was positioned as 'a kind of religious founder in charge of Shinto.'
- 「女子教育の過程およびその性質如何は大に一国の文化に関係すること更に疑ひを容れざる所にして、想ふに一人も異論を唱ふるものなかるべし。」
- There is no doubt that the process and the contents of women's education largely relate to a nation's culture, and I believe that no one can be opposed to this.'
- 明かり障子の歴史的発展の過程で、漆の塗子の縁が寝殿造りに使用され、襖障子と同様な室礼としての位置付けがあった事は、興味深いことである。
- It is interesting to note that in the historical process of development of Akari-shoji, the edge of lacquered Nuriko (thing to be coated with) was used in Shinden-zukuri house and considered as Shitsurai the same as Fusuma Shoji.
- しかしその後、勤務校の紀要を除けば、学術雑誌や学会発表などの手段によって主張する過程を踏むことが少なくなり、学界からの反応がなくなった。
- Afterwards, aside from the annals of the school in which he was working, he publicized his opinions by means of learning journals or conference presentation less often than before, receiving no feedback from academic society.
- この乱の過程で、伊達晴宗は国人一揆との契約関係を再確認することで、他の奥羽諸大名に先駆けて戦国大名としての体制を確立することに成功した。
- In the process of this turbulence, Harumune DATE succeeded to firmly establish the system as a sengoku daimyo by reconfirming the contract relationship with kokujin ikki (rising of kokujin) in the run up to other daimyo in the Ou Region.
- 当該承認に係る総合衛生管理製造過程の製造又は加工の方法及びその衛生管理の方法が、第二項の厚生労働省令で定める基準に適合しなくなつたとき。
- When production or processing methods and sanitation management methods in a comprehensive sanitation management and production process pertaining to said approval have become unconformable to the criteria specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare set forth in paragraph (2);
- したがって、かつては、重要だと考えられるすべての場合において、価格を固定したり、製造過程を規制することは、政府の義務だとされてきました。
- accordingly, it was once held to be the duty of governments, in all cases which were considered of importance, to fix prices, and regulate the processes of manufacture.
- 1987年3月24日、京都地方検察庁は市長が古都税の和解について交渉した過程において利益誘導にあたる事実はないとして不起訴の決定を下した。
- March 24, 1987: The Kyoto District Public Prosecutors Office decided not to prosecute the mayor because of no evidence of handing out benefits to his electoral district during his negotiation for the settlement of the Old Capital Tax.
- 保元物語・平治物語・平家物語と続く「四部之合戦書」の最後の戦記物で鎌倉幕府が王朝を崩壊に追い込むさまと、封建体制確立の過程をえがいている。
- Following Hogen Monogatari (The Tale of the Hogen Disturbance), Heiji Monogatari (The Tale of Heiji), and Heike Monogatari (The Tale of the Heike), it is the last book of 'Shibu no Gassensho' (The Four War Tales) depicting how the Kamakura bakufu drove the dynasty into collapse and the process of establishing a feudal system.
- しかしながらいずれも確証があることではなく、何より軍記物語の生成・成長過程を考えると、特定の作者を想定することが有益とは言えないであろう。
- However not every opinion is based on evidence, and first of all, given the process involved in compiling a military chronicle, there is little use in attributing the work to a particular author.
- 醸造の過程において、蛋白質・脂肪は雑味の原因となるため、米が砕けないよう慎重に削り落とされ、それにより洗練された味を引き出すことができる。
- In the brewing process, as protein and oil cause zatsumi, they are scraped off carefully so that the grains of rice are not fractured in order to produce a sophisticated taste.
- 倭国における王権形成期とされる弥生時代中期には防御的性格を強め、高地性集落とともに、王権形成過程の軍事的動向を反映していると考えられている。
- As Wakoku was strengthening its position as a kingdom during the mid-Yayoi period, the defensive aspect of moat settlements as well as upland settlements became more evident to reflect the kingdom's military trend.
- 一方銅鐸も半島から伝わったと考えられるが、持ち込まれた製品と列島で作られた製品とは形態にやや差があり、列島での生産開始過程はよくわからない。
- On the other hand, although dotaku is thought to have been introduced from the Korean Peninsula, there was a difference in forms of introduced and manufactured products, and the process of manufacturing in Japan Archipelago is not known.
- 「黒衣の宰相」とも呼ばれた以心崇伝の日記で、武家諸法度などの起草過程や豊臣家滅亡のきっかけとなった方広寺の鐘銘事件などが克明に記されている。
- The diary of Ishin Suden, also known as 'The Minister in Black,' gives detailed accounts of the drafting of edicts including the Buke Shohatto (Regulations for Warrior Households) and events such as the Hoko-ji Bell Inscription Incident that led to the fall of the Toyotomi family.
- その過程においては国衙と在庁官人層の出自母体たる田堵負名層の権益などを巡る経済的、軍事的緊張と、それによる武力紛争の多発が大きく関わっていた。
- In the process of development, economic and military tensions, concerning the interests of kokuga and tato and fumyo classes from where most zaichokanjin originated, were involved and frequently armed conflicts broke out.
- 策伝の導入部では、「策伝それがし小僧の時より、耳にふれておもしろくをかしかりつる事を、反故の端にとめ置きたり」と話を収集した過程を述べている。
- In an introduction by Sakuden he says, 'I wrote down on wastepaper the funny stories I have heard since I was little,' explaining how the stories came to be collected.
- 南北朝の内乱から寺社本所領事による下地中分の過程で京都周辺以外の公家領の多くは「不知行」化されて収入が全く入ってこない名目上だけの存在となる。
- During the time between the beginning of the internal disturbances between the Northern and Southern Courts and the shitaji chubun (the territorial division of the land, shoen, between competing central and local claimants) which was handled according to the Jisha honjoryo no koto Act, the land and land rights of a large number of kuge-ryo territories outside the capital area (Kyoto and the neighboring regions) were unlawfully seized by local warriors ('bushi') and no longer functioned as chigyo ('fuchigyo'), thus plundered ex-chigyo remained nominal and ceased to be the source of income for its lawful proprietors.
- 天下人が天下人になれた過程をみると、その時々に偶然としかいいようのない出来事や事情の積み重ねが彼らを天下人に押し上げていったことは明白である。
- Having seen the process of becoming a tenka-bito, it is clear that a combination of circumstances and chance, would raise someone to the position.
- この法律で添加物とは、食品の製造の過程において又は食品の加工若しくは保存の目的で、食品に添加、混和、浸潤その他の方法によつて使用する物をいう。
- The term "additives" as used in this Act shall mean substances which are used by being added, mixed or infiltrated into food or by other methods in the process of producing food or for the purpose of processing or preserving food.
- 皇室の歴代や系図の成立過程については、継体の系図を記録した『上宮記』や、現在は伝わらない聖徳太子による国史の成立以前にも各種の系図は存在した。
- There were various family trees of the past Imperial family such as 'Joguki' which recorded the family tree of the Emperor Keitai and others before the establishment of national history by Prince Shotoku which does not exist now.
- 頼朝は戦後処理の過程で、義経に伊予守推挙という最高の栄誉を与える代わりに、鎌倉に召喚し自らの統制下に置く、という形で事態を収拾しようと考えた。
- In the process of the post-battle operation, Yoritomo tried to bring this situation under control, by making Yoshitsune return to Kamakura and put his brother under his own control, instead of granting the maximum honor of recommending Yoshitsune for the governor of Iyo Province.
- ただし/ume/が先にあって、唇音の/u/が次にくる唇音の/m/に同化 (音声学)する音韻過程により/mme/へと変化したとする説も存在する。
- However, there is a theory that as the labial sound u was assimilated into the subsequent labial sound m, which changed to mme.
- しかし、いじめる側といじめられ追い詰められていく側の心理描写や、普通人光秀が主君の理不尽ないじめによって謀反を起こす過程が見事に描かれている。
- However this piece skillfully portrays the thoughts and feelings of someone who bullies and another who is bullied, and depicts the process of how an ordinary man, Mitsuhide, finding himself cornered, is driven to rebellion as a result of his master's unreasonable bullying.
- 朱子学は学問体系としては非常に整ってはいたが、その成立過程に流入した禅学や老荘思想といった非儒教的な思想のために経書の解釈において偏りがあった。
- Neo-Confucianism was a very systematic study, but had a biased interpretation of scriptures because of the influence of non-Confucian philosophy it had received in the process of its establishment, such as the Zen study and philosophy of Lao-tse and Chuang-tse.
- ビールやウィスキーの製造過程においては、糖化とアルコール発酵の両方が同時ではなく別々に行なわれるので、単行複発酵(たんこうふくはっこう)という。
- In the brewing process to produce beer and whiskey, saccharification does not occur simultaneously with alcoholic fermentation, but separately from, so it is called tanko fukuhakko (fermentation after saccharification).
- しかし、発展過程がそれぞれ異なる、日置流(武射系)や小笠原流(礼射系)の文化的・歴史的な背景に敬意を払い、よく理解して弓道を学ぶことが望ましい。
- However, because the development processes are respectively different, it is hoped that students of archery will pay respect to and understand well the cultural and historical backgrounds of the Heki school (busha group) and the Ogasawara school (reisha group).
- 受容の過程が下記のように紆余曲折を経たこともあり、神道とは違う仏教の宗教としての教義そのものの理解は、主として7世紀以降に進められることとなる。
- Partly because the process of acceptance took the following twists and turns, the dharma of Buddhism itself as a different religion from Shinto began to be understood mainly after the seventh century.
- 銅の不純物は「銅気」(どうけ)、鉛分は「鑞気」(ろうけ)と呼ばれ精錬の過程で可能な限り除かれ、またイリジウムが多いと硬く加工しにくいものとなった。
- Impurity of copper is called 'douke', lead 'rouke', removing during the casting as best, and having much iridium made it difficult to cast.
- 外来語が原義と異なる意味になる例として、英語のkamikazeと日本語の神風の意味にずれが生じるのは外来語取り入れの過程で他にも起きることである。
- Kamikaze in English and 神風 (kamikaze) in Japanese is an example of a foreign derived word that differs from the original definition of the word.
- 観測の成果、気象庁がその業務の実施の過程において作成した予報に関する情報その他の気象庁が保有する情報(以下「気象情報」という。)の提供を行うこと。
- Providing the results of observations, the information concerning forecasts prepared by the Japan Meteorological Agency in the course of implementing its services, and other information owned by the Japan Meteorological Agency (hereinafter referred to as "meteorological information");
- 本項京都市北区の町名(きょうとしきたくのちょうめい)では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
- This section on 'Town names in Kita Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Kita Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.
- もろみの中には発酵の過程で生成された糖や酸が多く含まれており、これらを放置しておくと、完成した酒が、良く言えば重厚、悪く言えば鈍重な味わいになる。
- Moromi contains a lot of sugars and acids generated in the process of fermentation and, it they are left as they are, the final sake has a heavy taste, if we speak favorably of it, or dull taste if we speak unfavorably of it.
- お蔭参り(御伊勢参り)や富士詣などは途中の旅路も過程も含めて「詣で」であり、宿場町に遊女(飯盛女)が存在し、客が遊興することは、禊や祓いであった。
- On pilgrimages such as the Okage Mairi (to Ise-jingu Shrine) and Fuji Mode (to Sengen Shrine at the summit of Mount Fuji), the road traveled was also considered to be part of the pilgrimage, as such inn towns contained prostitutes (serving ladies) whose entertaining of the guests was a form of purification and exorcism.
- 公共職業安定所が行う職業指導は、求職者に対し、職業知識の授与、職業の選択、就職のあつ旋及び就職後の指導を一連の過程として、これを実施するものとする。
- The vocational guidance conducted by the Public Employment Security Office shall be provided to the job seekers as a set of processes for providing the vocational knowledge, selecting the occupations, assisting in finding a job, and providing the after-employment guidance.
- 貞観_(日本)10年(868年)から同14年(872年)にかけては宮廷の神泉苑を監修し、その過程で菅原道真や紀長谷雄といった知識人とも親交を結んだ。
- He supervised Shinsen-en Temple at the Imperial Court from 868 to 872, and in the process he formed friendship with intellectual persons such as SUGAWARA no Michizane and KI no Haseo.
- しかし大きな権力を持つようになり、それを維持するために院・摂関家・寺社勢力と対立していく過程で強引な手段に出るようになり、評判も悪くなったのである。
- However, his reputation declined as his power grew, and he tried to maintain it by implementing aggressive measures while his conflicts with the cloister government, sekkan families, temples, and shrines grew.
- 近代以前は、麹と水を合わせる過程において空気中に自然に存在する酵母を取り込んだり、酒蔵に棲みついた「家つき酵母」もしくは「蔵つき酵母」に頼っていた。
- Prior to the modern era, in the process of mixing koji and water, yeasts naturally existing in the air were taken into or 'yeast of the house' or 'yeast of a brewing house' were utilized.
- その後当時を代表する弓道家らにより、射の過程をその推移に順応して8つの節に分けて説明される弓道射法八節が定められ、弓道は現代武道として復活を遂げる。
- After that, the representative Kyudo-ka (those who practice Kyudo) at that time, established Kyudo-shaho Hassetsu (eight arts of shooting an arrow), where the process of shooting was explained divided into eight sections in each proceeding, and Kyudo was revived as a modern martial art.
- 大陸中国では石膏(硫酸カルシウム)を粉末とし水に溶いたものを凝固剤とするが、古来の日本の伝統的な製法では製塩の過程で生じるにがりが主に使われていた。
- In mainland China, gypsum (calcium sulfate) powered and dissolved in the water is used as a coagulant; however, in the Japanese traditional process used since ancient times, bittern resulting from the process of salt production was mainly used.
- たとえダーウィン理論が進化過程のメカニズムについて完全に間違っているという絶対拒否できない証拠があったって、進化論の論証はこれまでどおり強いままだ。
- Even if there were absolutely compelling evidence that Darwinian theory was totally wrong about the mechanisms of the evolutionary process, the case for evolution would remain as strong as ever.
- その過程で日本の境界領域であった旧琉球王国領域や、樺太を除く蝦夷地(北海道の大部分と千島列島)、小笠原諸島を完全に日本の領域内におき、国境を画定した。
- In the process, the government placed the former Ryukyu Kingdom, the Ezo area except Sakhalin (almost all areas of Hokkaido and Kurile Islands) and Ogasawara Islands (Bonin Islands) completely into the Japanese territories, fixing the boundaries of Japan.
- なお、この過程で進士試が廃されて正式な官吏登用試験としては秀才試のみが行われるようになり、秀才は文章得業生の、同じく進士は文章生の別名となっていった。
- Also, through these processes, the official appointment examination for the 'shinshi' rank was phased out and only the official appointment examination for the 'shusai' rank was left as an official examination to recruit government officials, which resulted in the word 'shusai' becoming a synonym of monjo tokugosho and 'shinshi,' monjosho.
- その過程でそれぞれの氏や家に附属する所領や荘園、持仏堂などの施設が一族内部を統制する機能を持ち、氏長者や家長などの本主によって管理されるようになった。
- In that process, shoryo and shoen which belonged to each clan and each house, as well as facilities such as jibutsudo (Buddhist sanctuaries) had assumed functions to control the clan; at that time, the main family such as Uji no Choja (chieftain) or kacho (family head) began to manage them.
- 本項京都市南区の町名(きょうとし みなみくのちょうめい)では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
- This section on 'Town names in Minami Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Minami Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.
- 前項の規定にかかわらず、次に掲げる追加型式設計に係る設計及びその設計に係る航空機については、設計又は製造過程について検査の一部を行わないことができる。
- Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a part of inspection for design or manufacturing process may not be performed for designs pertaining to supplemental type design or aircrafts pertaining to those designs listed in the following:
- 第二には、進化過程の説明としてダーウィン理論を信用しないということは、なにか他の対抗している種の理論にたいして、特別の支持をなんら与えるものではない。
- Secondly, discrediting Darwinian theory as an explanation for the evolutionary process provides no special support for any other rival theory of species,
- それで LISP インタープリタを書いて、MOCKLISP をすげかえて、その過程で、エディタの内部データ構造を書き直さなきゃならないこともわかった。
- So I wrote a LISP interpreter and put it in in place of MOCKLISP and in the process I found that I had to rewrite many of the editor's internal data structures
- 「美濃の蝮」の異名を持ち、下克上によって戦国大名に成り上がったとされる斎藤道三の人物像は、1960年代に始まった『岐阜県史』編纂の過程で大きく転換した。
- Dosan had a nickname of 'Mino no Mamushi' (viper of Mino Province), who became a Sengoku daimyo by destroying his master, but such an image of Dosan changed greatly in the process of compiling 'Gifuken-shi' which started in 1960's.
- しかし、その過程で清和源氏の関氏と代々縁戚となり、遂には家臣の列に加え、江戸時代には関氏を分家として遇して支藩を分知し、養子を入れて森家の庶族となした。
- But in the process he became kin of the Seki clan of the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) and was ultimately included in the ranks of vassals, and during the Edo period when the Seki clan became a branch family was given a portion of the estate, took an adopted son, and they became an ordinary family in the Mori family.
- 本項京都市左京区の町名(きょうとしさきょうくのちょうめい)では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
- This section on 'Town names in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Sakyo Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.
- 本項京都市伏見区の町名(きょうとし ふしみくのちょうめい)では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
- This section on 'Town names in Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Fushimi Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.
- 本項京都市右京区の町名(きょうとしうきょうくのちょうめい)では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
- This section shows the list of the official town names in the Ukyo Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.
- 本項京都市下京区の町名(きょうとしもぎょうくのちょうめい)では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
- This section on 'Town names in Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Shimogyo Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.
- 本項京都市山科区の町名(きょうとしやましなくのちょうめい)では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
- This section on 'Town Names in Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City', lists official 'Town Names' in Yamashina Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.
- 戦後の農業革新の過程で、戦前~戦時の遺産(畑地や醸造技術など)を生かして、生産に適した地域ではある程度の規模をもったワイン醸造が民生用として再開された。
- In the course of the agricultural innovation after the war, taking advantage of pre-war and wartime heritage (such as the fields and fermentation technique), the winemaking on a certain scale was resumed for consumer use in the regions suitable for grape-growing.
- 合戦に致る過程についてはともかく、合戦そのものについては、当時の軍奉行がまとめた論功行賞のための合戦記、勲功次第注文などの記録が元になっていると思われる。
- Although the processes of the battles remain unknown, the descriptions of the battles themselves seem to have been based on the records written by military commissioners to report the grant of honors or distribution of rewards according to the merits, and also on the records of the letters on details of exploits of wars (or distinguished services).
- “日本”という国家が形成されていく過程を描いた『日本書紀』とその国家が形成された後の歩みを描いた『続日本史』以後の勅撰国史ではその内容に違いが生じてくる。
- There are differences in contents between the imperial collections of the history books 'Nihon Shoki,' which described the process of unifying the country of 'Japan,' and 'Zoku Nihonshi,' which dealt with the history of the country after its formation.
- 戦国時代(日本)になると越後国に下り、八条龍松を上杉房能の養子とするなどして越後への政治的介入を強めたが、その過程で越後守護代長尾氏と対立するようになる。
- Once the Sengoku Period (Japan's Warring States period) began, the family relocated to Echigo Province, strengthening their involvement in local politics in Echigo through such means as arranging to have Ryumatsu HACHIJO adopted by Fusayoshi UESUGI; in the process, however, they came into conflict with Echigo's Shugodai (deputy governor) family, the Nagao clan.
- 本項京都市上京区の町名(きょうとしかみぎょうくのちょうめい)では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
- This section on 'Town names in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Kamigyo Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.
- 本項京都市中京区の町名(きょうとしなかぎょうくのちょうめい)では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
- This section on 'Town names in Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Nakagyo Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.
- (どうか注意しておいてもらいたのだが、ここでは、予測が基いている現実の過程を観測することにではなく、予測の結果を観測することに、力点が置かれているのだ)。
- (please note here the emphasis on observing the results of the predictions, not on observing the actual process upon which the prediction is based).
- その中でも伊勢平氏は平氏政権樹立の過程で各地の知行国や荘園を獲得して経済的基盤を形成し、最盛期には30ヶ国以上の知行国と500ヶ所以上の荘園を支配していた。
- Among others, the Ise Heishi formed its economic foundation by receiving chigyokoku and shoen throughout Japan in the process of establishing the Taira administration, which culminated in ruling of thirty or more chigyokoku and 500 or more shoen.
- また、一連の昇任の過程で朝経は道長に接近する機会を得たようで、万寿4年(1027年)の道長の葬送では、参集した公卿の一人として、『小右記』に記載されている。
- It seems that Asatsune became acquainted with Michinaga through the process of promotion, and his name was recorded in 'Shoyuki' (The Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke) as a Kugyo who participated in Michinaga's funeral in 1027.
- 本項京都市東山区の町名(きょうとし ひがしやまくのちょうめい)では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
- This section on 'Town names in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Higashiyama Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.
- 本項京都市西京区の町名(きょうとし にしきょうくのちょうめい)では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
- This section shows the list of official town names in the Nishikyo Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.
- しかし、原料に含有され、あるいは製造過程で生成されることでエタノールが含まれることがあり、酒に弱い者(特に幼児)が大量に飲むとエタノールと人体可能性がある。
- However, because ethanol may be included in its ingredients or may be produced during its production process, people who get drunk easily (particularly children) may get drunk if they consume a large amount of amazake.
- 真田氏はその後豊臣政権に臣従しており、上田合戦に至るまでの諸勢力との外交や数カ郡を支配する勢力拡大は、真田氏が小領主から大名化していく過程であると指摘される。
- The Sanada clan later served the Toyotomi government, and it is indicated that diplomatic relations with various influences and expansion of power to control several districts was the process of the Sanada clan growing from a small feudal lord to daimyo (major territorial lord).
- 自己中心的なエージェントがそれぞれ効用を最大化しようとして、その過程で自己調整的な自律的秩序を生み出し、それはどんな中央集権計画の何倍も複雑で効率が高くなる。
- a collection of selfish agents attempting to maximize utility which in the process produces a self-correcting spontaneous order more elaborate and efficient than any amount of central planning could have achieved.
- しかし「江戸幕府日記」を詳細に検討した藤井譲治は、寛永12年12月3日に伝奏屋敷で「寄合」が行われたことを明らかにしている(『江戸幕府老中制形成過程の研究』)。
- However, Joji FUJII, who studied the 'Daily records of the Edo bakufu' in detail, pointed out that 'Yoriai' (a meeting) had taken place in the denso-yashiki on December 3, 1636 ('Studies of the process of the formation of the roju system in the Edo Shogunate').
- 国衙軍制と武士身分が確立する過程で、初期の武士が自分たちの地位確立を目指して行った条件闘争が武装蜂起にまで拡大し、平将門と藤原純友らによる承平天慶の乱に至った。
- Through the process of the establishment of the kokuga forces system and the samurai status, the conditional strike, which was originally started by the first samurai to establish their position, turned into an armed uprising, resulting in the Johei-Tengyo Revolt fought by FUJIWARA no Sumitomo and TAIRA no Masakado.
- その理由は、『記紀』の成立過程に関する史料批判が進み、ヤマト王権内部における文字使用状況から推測すると、継体天皇以前の伝承に信用を置くことはできないためである。
- The reason for this is that, upon examining historical materials on the process of creating the Kiki, it was found that the methods for keeping records (particularly the use of letters under Yamato sovereignty) used before Emperor Keitai are not reliable.
- 転封の過程で居城とした近江国・八幡(現滋賀県近江八幡市)、三河国・岡崎(現愛知県岡崎市)、筑後国・柳河(現福岡県柳川市)などに、現在につながる都市設計を行った。
- He practiced city planning, the idea of which can be seen today, in Hachiman, Omi Province (present-day Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture), Okazaki, Mikawa Province (present-day Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture), Yanagawa, Chikugo Province (present-day Yanagawa City, Fukuoka Prefecture) and others, where he was stationed.
- 特に後者は(実際の執筆はともかくとして)、編纂の全過程に緒嗣が関ったと言われており、彼の元に優れた文才と批判精神を持つ人たちが集められて作られた歴史書となった。
- It is said that Otsugu was engaged in the whole steps of compilation of especially the latter (aside from the actual writing) and, therefore, this book was a historical book produced by the people who had talents for writing and spirits for criticism and who were gathered under Otsugu.
- 根拠は、仲麻呂の権力と、造東大寺司の官人の異動をリンクさせて考えると、仲麻呂が権力を増大させていく過程と、雄足の抜擢とが相関関係を持って見えるというものである。
- This is because there are correlations between process of an increase of Nakamaro's power and Otari's exceptional promotion, when we think about Nakamaro's power and personnel relocation of government official of Office of Todai-ji Temple Construction together.
- 伝統工芸士の熟練技術をコンピュータで再現させるエキスパートシステム化プロジェクトが博多織についても1994年から始まり、その過程でカラー写真織技術が開発される。
- The Hakata Color Image Weaving was developed in an effort to realize the technical skills of traditional craftsmen for Hakata-ori textile in an 'expert systemizing project' that was started in 1994, which involved the use of computers.
- 仏教が中国に渡り、当地の道教と習合していく過程で偽経の『閻羅王授記四衆逆修生七往生浄土経』(略して『預修十王生七経』)が作られ、晩唐の時期に十王信仰は成立した。
- After Buddhism was introduced into China, in the process of syncretization with Taoism, a gikyo (apocryphal scripture) was made called 'Enra-o Juki Shishu Gyakushu Sho Shichiojo Jodo-kyo Sutra' (閻羅王授記四衆逆修生七往生浄土経; for short, 'Yoshu Juo Shoshichi-kyo Sutra' [Sutra of Jizo and the Ten Kings]), and Juo-shinko (10 Kings belief) was established in the late Tang period.
- 明治政府が成立すると、神道国教化の過程で仏教統制の必要性を感じた新政府は浄土真宗に対して「浄土真宗」・「門徒宗」など「一向宗」以外の呼称を改めて禁じようとした。
- When the Meiji government was established, the government decided that it should control the Buddhist sects as part of the process of establishing Shinto as the state religion, and tried to prohibit the Jodo Shinshu sect from using any name as other than 'Ikkoshu,' including 'Jodo Shinshu' and 'Montoshu.'
- 一方の締約国及びその国民の財産、権利及び利益であつて千九百四十五年八月十五日以後における通常の接触の過程において取得され又は他方の締約国の管轄の下にはいつたもの
- The property, rights, and interests of either High Contracting Party and its people which were acquired or brought under the control of the other High Contracting Party in the course of ordinary contacts after August 15, 1945.
- 原価が安い生活必需品に高い専売価格を定めることによって莫大な財政収入を得ることが可能になる一方で、専売の過程において生じるリスクを抱え込む危険性も併せ持っていた。
- While it is possible to gain a huge income by setting monopoly prices higher for daily necessities of low cost, there can also be some risk in the process of monopoly.
- したがって、例え『源氏物語』の成立過程がどのようなものであるにせよ、『源氏物語』の研究・鑑賞は五十四帖全てが完成した形での『源氏物語』に対して行われるべきである。
- Therefore, the complete modern form of 'The Tale of Genji' with 54 chapters should be accepted and appreciated despite the possibility that there might be some chapters that have yet to be found.
- 何ら暴力的な事件が起こっていなかったにもかかわらず、翌11月13日、衆議院文部委員会では、大学管理法案審議の過程で天野貞祐歴代の文部大臣がこの「事件」に言及した。
- Although there wasn't any acts of violence, the Minister for Education, Teiyu AMANO, mentioned this 'incident' the next day, November 13, at the Lower House Education Committee in the process of the deliberation of the draft law of the university administration.
- 鳥や獣の飢を救うため、自分の死後に自らの死骸を埋葬することを禁じて道ばたに放置させ、それが腐乱してウジがわき、白骨化していく過程を絵師に描かせたという伝説がある。
- There is a legend that she left a will forbidding the burial of her body after her death, the body was left on the street for the birds and animals to eat to prevent them from starvation, then a painter was ordered to paint the picture of how maggots decomposed the body and nearly turned into a skeleton.
- それは長い習慣付けの過程を経て、過去のどこかの時点で制度にまで成長してきた文化的事実であり、あらゆる文化的事実と同じく、世代から世代へと伝承されていくものである。
- it is a cultural fact which has grown into an institution in the past through a long course of habituation, and which is transmitted from generation to generation as all cultural facts are.
- また通常、小判および分金は製造過程で一枚ずつ厳密な量目(質量)の検査が行われるが、この一朱判に関しては、五両ないし十両一括で量目の検査が行われるという始末であった。
- And, it was usual to strictly inspect ryome (a weighed value) (mass) for each Koban and Bukin during the manufacturing process, but for this Isshuban, ryome was inspected only for every bunch of five ryo or ten ryo.
- 厚生労働大臣は、前項の申請に係る総合衛生管理製造過程の製造又は加工の方法及びその衛生管理の方法が、厚生労働省令で定める基準に適合しないときは、同項の承認を与えない。
- When production or processing methods and sanitation management methods in a comprehensive sanitation management and production process pertaining to an application prescribed in the preceding paragraph do not conform to the criteria specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare shall not grant approval under the same paragraph.
- 仏教が中国に渡り、当地の道教と習合していく過程で偽経の『閻羅王授記四衆逆修生七往生浄土経』(略称として『預修十王生七経』)が作られ、晩唐の時期に十王信仰は成立した。
- While Buddhism was fused with Chinese Taoism after being introduced to China, a pseudepigrapha 'Enra-o-juki Shishu Gyakushu Shoshichiojo Jodo-kyo Sutra' (Sutra of Jizo and the Ten Kings) (Also known as 'Yoshu Juo Shoshichi-kyo Sutra' for short) was composed, with the result that the Juo-shinko was established at the end of the Tang period.
- また、そうした源氏嫡流という概念の役目も江戸幕府の終焉、民法による近代法に基づく氏の概念に再編する過程を経ることによって源氏嫡流という概念の役目も消滅するに至った。
- Also, the role of this concept of the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan disappeared with the demise of the Edo bakufu and through the process of restructuring the concept of family names based on the modern law of the Civil Code.
- 「天一」の「こってり」はラーメンと言うより独自の食べ物という人もいるが、歴史的な流れや、味の形成過程を見る限り、旧来の京都ラーメンのこってり系の発展系と考えられる。
- Some people say the 'thick type' for 'Ten-ichi' is more a unique dish rather than ramen, but it can be considered to be have evolved from the thick type of conventional Kyoto ramen considering the historical background and the way in which the taste was formed.
- 農耕文化の発達(→農耕民族・農業)に伴う人の定住化とともに、次第に土と石を組み合わせるなどして炉も常設化・大型化していったが、その過程でこの竈になったと考えられる。
- The more people became permanently settled following the development of a culture based on agriculture (see the articles of Agricultural people or Farming) the larger and more permanent fireplaces became by combining mud and stones, and others, in the process of which the cooking furnace was formed.
- 日蓮の法華経に対する純粋な姿勢も、室町時代に入ると宗派が勢力を拡大していく過程の中で、他宗派との妥協や他宗派の信者からの施しを平気で受けるなど、次第に変質していった。
- During the Muromachi period, while expanding its influence, the attitudes of the believers of the Nichiren sect had gradually deviated from the founder's pure belief in the Hokekyo, and the Nichiren followers started to compromise with other sects or to receive offerings from the believers of other sects without hesitation.
- なお、論争の過程で、三像の成立は早くとも藤原隆信の死(1205年)以降であることが明らかとなっており、隆信を三像作者とする説は、通説・新説いずれからも既に否定された。
- In the process of controversy, it was confirmed that the portraits were drawn at least after the death of FUJIWARA no Takanobu in 1205, and a theory which defines Takanobu as the producer of these three portraits had already been denied both in the popular theory and the new theory.
- もし彼が正しいなら、この過程はまったく単純でわかりやすいものであり、とてもありふれているが、ほとんどすっかり忘れられている事実から否応なしに導き出されるものなのです。
- and, if he be right, the process is perfectly simple and comprehensible, and irresistibly deducible from very familiar but well nigh forgotten facts.
- この儀式は、家族の災いの原因である祖先の霊を呼び寄せ、舞や供物、供銭などでそれをもてなして災いをかけないように頼み、最後に霊を送り届ける一連の過程にそって執り行われる。
- This ceremony carries out the process in the following way; at first, calling the ancestor's spirit that caused the family disaster, then, asking it to stop the torture in exchange of for dance, offerings or money, finally sending it back to its original place.
- その結果、河内源氏の嫡流が衰退した時期やその後の復興の過程(源頼朝の鎌倉幕府の成立)でも、義光系の一族の帰趨が大きな影響を与えており、義光の施策は源氏の復興に貢献した。
- Therefore, even in the period during which the main lineage of the Kawachi-Genji fell into decline, and during its subsequent revitalization (with the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo), Yoshimitsu's own lineage continued to have enormous influence over the clan at large, and Yoshimitsu's policies contributed to the revival of the Minamoto clan.
- その過程で高僧など聖職者の介在がないということは、天皇は宗教界の影響力が排除された中で高い宗教的権威を持つことが可能であると言え、天皇の権威の隔絶性を意味するとされる。
- The fact that there was no intervention by clergymen such as notable Buddhist priests meant that, although the emperor could have high religious authority under situation in which influence from the religious world was excluded, there was remoteness in the emperor's authority.
- 親会社撤退後の東亜キネマの事業の立て直しを図った高村は、その過程で、1930年(昭和5年)に阪急電鉄の小林一三が設立した「宝塚映画」に働きかけ、資金面での提携を図った.
- Takamura strived to restore Toa Kinema, which had lost its parent company, and in 1930 a capital alliance was formed with 'Takarazuka Eiga' which had been established by Ichizo KOBAYASHI of Hankyu Railway.
- 写真フィルムの現像の、軟質フィルム(彼の会社は、ロールフィルムを導入した)の、箱型カメラの、及びカラー写真術のための乾板の過程法の米国の発明者(1854年−1932年)
- United States inventor of a dry-plate process of developing photographic film and of flexible film (his firm introduced roll film) and of the box camera and of a process for color photography (1854-1932)
- 厚生労働大臣は、事業場における安全衛生の水準の向上を図ることを目的として事業者が一連の過程を定めて行う次に掲げる自主的活動を促進するため必要な指針を公表することができる。
- The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare may make public the necessary guidelines to promote the following voluntary activities, to be carried out by based on a series of processes determined by the employer for the purpose upgrading the standards of workplace safety and health.
- 厚生労働大臣は、食品又は添加物の製造又は加工の過程において有毒な又は有害な物質が当該食品又は添加物に混入することを防止するための措置に関し必要な基準を定めることができる。
- The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare may establish the necessary criteria concerning measures to prevent toxic or harmful substances from getting mixed into food or additives in the process of the production or processing of said food or additives.
- ヤマト王権の拡大過程において、中部地方以東の東日本を侵攻する際、捕虜となった現地人(ヤマト王権側からは「蝦夷」と呼ばれていた)を、近畿地方以西の西日本に移住させて編成した。
- Saekibe was organized in the extension period of the Yamato sovereignty during the invasion of eastern Japan eastward of Chubu region by moving the local people, who became captives, to western Japan westward of Kinki region.
- 更に大久保は当時はまだ表にする事は避けていたものの、贋貨整理の過程で自分の出身である薩摩藩が秘かに贋貨を作っていた事実が内外に明らかになった時の反響を危惧していたのである。
- Furthermore, OKUBO was still avoiding to reveal this at the time, but he was apprehensive about the response when the fact was made clear during the disposing process of counterfeit money that his own domain, the Satsuma Domain, was secretly making counterfeit money.
- 特に憲法制定過程における枢密院審議においては、そのすべてに臨御し、また国会開設前後の立憲政治未成熟期に首相が頻繁に辞任・交代した際も、政局の調停者として重要な役割を担った。
- For example, he attended all the Privy Councils, and he also played an important role as an arbitrator of political situations during the regular prime ministers' resignations and change, as the constitutional politic was immature soon after the Diet was established.
- 技術的問題を解決するため。記録データは、技術的な問題を解決する過程で、サイトを圧迫する作法を守らないウェブスパイダーを追跡するために開発者によって調査されることがあります。
- To solve technical problems. Log data may be examined by developers in the course of solving technical problems and in tracking down badly-behaved web spiders that overwhelm the site.
- のちに徳川氏の覇権が確固たるものになっていく過程の中で、豊臣朝臣や羽柴氏を名乗ることを許されていた大名たちは、豊臣朝臣の本姓を捨てて「羽柴」を公称しないようになっていった。
- Later, in the process of the hegemony of the Tokugawa clan becoming secured, those daimyos who were once allowed to use the denomination of TOYOTOMI no Ason and/or the Hashiba clan gradually abandoned this honsei (original name) 'TOYOTOMI no Ason,' and stopped using the myoji 'Hashiba' in public.
- こういう謎を身につける過程で、ハッカー候補は文脈的な知識を身につけてゆき、(しばらくすれば)そのおかげで確かに三つのタブーやその他の慣習は「あたりまえ」に思えてくるわけだ。
- In the process of acquiring these mysteries, the would-be hacker picks up contextual knowledge that (after a while) does make the three taboos and other customs seem `self-evident'.
- 初めは、抽象的だった神々が、次第に男女に別れ、異性を感じるようになり、最終的には愛を見つけ出し夫婦となる過程をもって、男女の体や性が整っていくことを表す部分だと言われている。
- The way abstract deities are gradually divided into a man and a woman, become aware of the opposite sex and eventually find love which leads to marriage is said to imply how the bodies and sexes of a man and a woman are properly differentiated.
- 朝廷が班田制と戸籍制度を基礎にした人民の人別支配を放棄し、名田経営を請け負う田堵負名を通じた間接支配への移行により律令制が解体していく過程で、この身分制も次第に有名無実化した。
- As the imperial court was no longer able to maintain control over the population based on the land allotment system and the family registration system and depended more and more on indirect means of control through rich families (called 'tato fumyo' in Japanese) who were subcontracted for the management of farmland, the Ritsuryo system gradually collapsed and the status system itself was reduced to a nominal existence.
- 型版で補われないスクリーン部分を通じて、印刷面の上で印刷用インクがふき取られ、画像またはデザインがとても細かい網の目状のスクリーンに重ねられる型版の過程を使用して作成される印刷
- a print made using a stencil process in which an image or design is superimposed on a very fine mesh screen and printing ink is squeegeed onto the printing surface through the area of the screen that is not covered by the stencil
- 第1巻では公家が次第に衰退する過程を中心とし、第2巻では上古にさかのぼって武家の成立と勃興の大勢を述べ、第1巻の6・7・8・9の「変」は第2巻の1・2の「変」と時代的に重複する。
- In the first volume he centered on the process of the court aristocracy's becoming weaker and weaker, then in the second volume describing the outline of the birth and rise of the warrior class going back to high antiquity, with the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth 'changes' in the first volume historically overlapping with the first and second 'changes' in the second volume.
- 「開発領主」が生まれる過程は、その地の有力者が一族子弟のみならず、近隣の農民や諸国から流入した浮浪人などを組織して荒地の開拓を行い、その従事者を新しい村落に編成することに始まる。
- The creation of the 'kaihatsu-ryoshu' started with the cultivation of the wild land not only by children and brothers of the powerful clan, but neighboring peasants and people who escaped and travelled from their registered domiciles of various provinces to organize into a new village as followers.
- 本来は、神霊を集落内の祭壇に迎える形であったものが、祭壇が祭祀の施設として神社に発展すると、迎える行為が逆の過程の里帰りとして残り、神幸祭が行われるようになったと考えられている。
- Originally, the divine spirit was welcomed at the altar in a village, but as the altar developed into a shrine, as a facility for accomodating religious services, the act of welcoming remained as a home visit or reverse process, and led to the Shinko-sai Festival.
- 昭和天皇が関西地方巡幸の過程で京都市を訪れた1951年は、講和問題や賃上げ問題などをめぐって全般的に労働運動・学生運動が復活の動きを見せた年であり、京都でも労働運動が高揚していた。
- In 1951, the year when the Emperor Showa visited Kyoto City during his tour in the Kansai region, the labor movement as well as the student movement started to revive nationwide on the problems of the peace treaty and wage increases, and the labor movement was also vigorous in Kyoto.
- 文明開化に始まる日本の近代化の過程では洋食はハイカラな存在であり、また、洋食に適した食材を供給する諸産業も成熟していなかったことから戦前・戦中の庶民にとっては高価なご馳走であった。
- From the process of modernization, which began in the civilization and enlightenment age in the Meiji period, until after the war, Yoshoku was considered rakish and expensive for common people due to the fact that the industries which supplied food materials for Yoshoku had not been developed yet.
- 中院流の四度加行の過程を記せば、十八道の正行に入るためには、懺悔滅罪のための行として108遍(もしくは21遍)の礼拝(らいはい)をして、読経・真言念誦をする礼拝加行(加行)を行う。
- The Shidokegyo of the Chuin school requires the start of Sho-gyo discipline in the Juhachi-do with worship repeated 108 times (or 21 times) as practice to repent and seek forgiveness of sins and later by raihai-kegyo (kegyo) of chanting the sutra and the mantra.
- 公地公民制(こうちこうみんせい)とは、日本の飛鳥時代~奈良時代までの律令制が構築される過程において発生したとされる、全ての土地と人民は公 - すなわち天皇に帰属するとした制度である。
- 'Kochi Komin sei' is a system believed to have been instituted in the process of development of the Ritsuryo system from the Asuka Period to the Nara period, and under the system of Kochi Komin sei, it was provided for that all land and citizens should belong to the public, in other words, to the emperor.
- 戦国時代(日本)に種子島へ鉄砲(火縄銃)が伝来された史実を領主である種子島久時が、父種子島時堯の鉄砲入手とその製法確立の過程を薩摩国大竜寺の和尚である南浦文之に編纂させたものである。
- The book is based on the account given by Hisatoki TANEGASHIMA, a local lord, concerning the historical fact of the transmission of guns (specifically, arquebuses) to Japan on Tanegashima island during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), describing how Hisatoki's father Tokitaka TANEGASHIMA had acquired guns and established his gun manufacturing process; this account was edited by the abbot of Satsuma Province's Dairyu-ji Temple, Bunshi Nanpo.
- 荘園制の発達と公地公民制の解体の過程で荘園領主は自己の政治力を背景として国役や臨時雑役などを免除させることで寄作者を自己の荘園内に移住させて荘園内に取り込もうとした(名体制の成立)。
- During the process of the development of the shoen system and the demise of Kochi-komin sei (the system of complete state ownership of land and citizens), the shoen owners, by utilizing their political influence, endeavored to secure the cultivators as residents of their own shoen by entitling them to the exemptions of the public duties or the temporary odd-job duties; such a process is known as the establishment of myo taisei (local tax management system based on rice land).
- 中古日本語から中世日本語への変化の過程で、/i/ と /wi/の統合、/e/ と /ye/ と /we/ の統合、/o/ と /wo/ の統合が起こったため、ワ行は下記の通りとなる。
- As/i/ was unified with/wi/,/e/ and/ye/ with/we/, and/o/ with/wo/ in the process of transition from Early Middle Japanese to Middle Japanese, WA-row sounds were as follows:
- 消費物資から租税を徴収する仕組としては消費税などが考えられるが、専売制はこれを更に徹底して生産・流通・販売の過程を全面的に支配することで競争原理を排除して独占的利益を収める方法である。
- One of the systems for collecting tax from consumption goods is consumption tax, but monopolization is a system that develops this further and monopolizes profits by completely controlling the processes of production, distribution, and sales and excluding competition.
- さらに、藤原北家が朝廷における権力を拡大・確立してゆく過程では、公家らによる政争が相当に激化し、相手勢力への失脚を狙った讒言や誹謗中傷に陰陽道が利用される機会も散見されるようになった。
- Additionally, while Fujiwara hokke (Northern household of the Fujiwara clan) was in the process of expanding and establishing their clout in the imperial court, power struggles among court nobles became considerably intensified and Onmyodo was used to concoct slander or false accusations aimed at bringing down the rival power from time to time.
- その上に日本料理とよく似た調理過程を経て作る焼物・煮物・炒め物も多く、また日韓併合時代に伝播したうどんやおでん、寿司風のおにぎり(キムバプ)、味噌汁、沢庵漬けなどもいまだ食されている。
- In addition, many grilled foods, boiled, and seasoned foods, and stir-fried dishes, cooked in ways quite similar to cooking nihon-ryori dishes, are also eaten, and the udon (Japanese wheat noodles), oden (a Japanese dish containing all kinds of ingredients cooked in a special broth of soy sauce, sugar, sake, etc.), sushi-style rice balls (kimbap), miso soup and Takuanzuke (yellow pickled radish), all of which were brought into Korea in the era when Japan annexed Korea, are still eaten there.
- この協定の実施の過程においてイーター機構が知的財産を生み出す場合には、イーター機構が当該知的財産を所有する。イーター機構は、知的財産の記録、報告及び保護のための適当な手続きを作成する。
- Where intellectual property is generated by the ITER Organization, in the course of execution of this Agreement, it shall be owned by the ITER Organization. The ITER Organization shall develop appropriate procedures for the recording, reporting and protection of the Intellectual Property
- 現在では、工業化され塩化マグネシウムの純度の高いものや、海外の岩塩採掘場で採取されたもの、あるいは国内外の工業的な製塩の過程で抽出されたものが多く、実際に塩田から取っているものは少ない。
- Currently, the bittern--which contains fine magnesium chloride due to the industrial process, is obtained at rock-salt mining places overseas or is abstracted in the process of industrial salt production in and outside Japan--is used in most cases, and it's rare to use bittern that's actually abstracted from a salt field.
- インドでは紀元前2000年ごろにできたヴェーダ聖典に出ているバラモン教の儀礼で、仏教には釈尊入滅約500年後に発生した大乗仏教の成立の過程でバラモン教から取り入れられた、と考えられている。
- It is a Brahmanic ritual, described in the holy writings of Vedas, which began around 2000 BC in India and it is considered to have been adopted into Buddhism during the process of Mahayana Buddhism's coming into existence approximately 500 years after the death of Shakyamuni.
- 胚 一の細胞(生殖細胞を除く。)又は細胞群であって、そのまま人又は動物の胎内において発生の過程を経ることにより一の個体に成長する可能性のあるもののうち、胎盤の形成を開始する前のものをいう。
- Embryo A cell (except for a Germ Cell) or a cell group which has the potential to grow into an individual through the process of development in utero of a human or an Animal and remains at a stage prior to placental formation
- 核融合エネルギーの分野における研究及びその他の開発の進展に基づき、核融合エネルギーを開発する過程における次の一歩であるイーターの重要性及びイーター計画の実施を開始する緊急の必要性を確信し、
- Convinced, on the basis of progress in research and other developments in the field of fusion energy, of the importance of ITER as the next step on the path to develop fusion energy and of the urgent need to initiate the implementation of ITER;
- 他のどんな問題についても、反対者と活発な論戦を行う上で求められるのと同じ知的過程を、他人から無理強いされるか、あるいは自らたどるかしたのでないかぎり、だれの意見も知識という名に値しません。
- On any other subject no one's opinions deserve the name of knowledge, except so far as he has either had forced upon him by others, or gone through of himself, the same mental process which would have been required of him in carrying on an active controversy with opponents.
- このような改革には積極的に西洋文明の先進制度が取り入れられ、その過程で、「お雇い外国人」と呼ばれる外国人が、技術指導、教育分野、官制・軍制整備など様々な分野で雇用され、近代国家建設を助けた。
- The developed systems of western civilization were positively adopted in this reform, and in this process foreigners called 'Employed Foreigner' were hired in various areas including technical assistance, education, consolidation of the organization of the central government, and military systems, to help Japan build a modern state.
- しかし、『岐阜県史』編纂の過程で発見された古文書「六角承禎条書写」によって、美濃の国盗りは道三一代のものではなく、その父の長井新左衛門尉との父子二代にわたるものとする理解が有力となっている。
- However, according to an old copy of 'Rokkaku jotei josho', which was discovered while 'Gifuken-shi' (history of Gifu Prefecture) was being compiled, Dosan didn't complete his domination of Mino Province in one generation, but over two generations with his father, Shinzaemonnojo NAGAI; this is now considered to be the reliable opinion.
- その時捕まえられたのは隆家だけで、邸内に伊周の身柄は無かったが、事件の過程を詳らかに記す『栄花物語』「浦々の別れ」巻は、伊周が春日大社や木幡にある父の墓に参詣し、3日後僧形で帰ったと伝える。
- Only Takaie was arrested and Korechika was not found in the palace at that time, but 'Eiga Monogatari' (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes; historical tales), the volume 'Uraura no wakare' (leaving shores) gave the details of the incident as follows: Korechika visited Kasuga-taisha shrine and his father's tomb in Kohata, and three days after the raid, returned with his head shaven and attired as a monk.
- 刹那無常とは、現象は一刹那一瞬に生滅するこというすがたを指し、相続無常とは、人が死んだり、草木が枯れたり、水が蒸発したりするような生滅の過程のすがたを見る場合を指していうと、説明されている。
- Momentary impermanence pointed out the form of one disappearing as setsuna (a moment or instant) and instance, and continuous impermanence indicated the life and death processes of humans dying, plants withering, and water evaporating.
- 即位灌頂が二条家の家業となっていく過程で、足利義満と親密な関係を保ち、南北朝時代 (日本)に四度にわたって摂関を勤め、大きな権力を握った二条良基の力が大きかったことについては諸説一致している。
- In the process in which sokuikanjo became a family business for the Nijo family, various opinions agree that the power of Yoshimoto NIJO who had a close connection to Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA and had great power assuming the position of Sekkan four times during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) played an important role.
- 野生酵母(やせいこうぼ)とは、もともと空気中、土壌、植物をはじめ自然界に存在しているすべての酵母を意味するが、日本酒の醸造過程においては目指す酒質を得るための酵母以外のすべての酵母を意味する。
- Yasei-kobo (wild yeast) refers to all kinds of yeast which originally live in the nature including the air, the soil, and plants while, in the fermentation process of Japanese sake, refers to all kinds of yeast other than those that are used to obtain the desired sake quality.
- 「生み出された知的財産」とは、この協定の実施の過程において国内機関若しくは団体を通じて行動する加盟者、イーター機構又は両者がこの協定に従って生み出し、又は完全な所有権を取得する知的財産をいう。
- Generated Intellectual Property shall mean Intellectual Property that is generated or acquired with full ownership by a Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, or by the ITER Organization or jointly pursuant to and in the course of the performance of this Agreement.
- 第一項の承認に係る総合衛生管理製造過程を経た食品の製造又は加工については、第十一条第一項の基準に適合した方法による食品の製造又は加工とみなして、この法律又はこの法律に基づく命令の規定を適用する。
- The provisions of this Act or orders based on this Act shall apply to the production or processing of food through a comprehensive sanitation management and production process pertaining to the approval under paragraph (1) by deeming it to be the production or processing of food through methods that conform to the criteria set forth in Article 11, paragraph (1).
- 当時としては画期的な手法であり、自然風物などの対象に移入する過程における荊棘を克服し、自らの詩的表現能力や心霊的意思疎通能力を高める意味もあり、文学的にも心霊学的にも興味深いものだと考えられる。
- It was an innovative technique at the time, and is quite interesting in terms of literature as well as the study of psychic phenomena, because the technique required a poet to overcome trials and tribulations in the process of having empathy with the subject, and in doing so improve their capacity for poetic expression and psychic communication.
- 日蓮の法華経に対する純粋な姿勢も、南北朝時代 (日本)の戦乱や室町時代に入ると宗派が勢力を拡大していく過程の中で、他宗派との妥協や他宗派の信者からの施しを平気で受けるなど、次第に変質していった。
- Nichiren's pure worship of Hoke-kyo (Lotus Sutra) gradually changed as the wars continued during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and other sects expanded their influence during the Muromachi period; he compromised with other sects and did not hesitate to receive charity from believers of other sects.
- 律令体制では律令法の規定のもと太政官で政務がおこなわれていたわけであるが、中世においては個々の交渉過程や処理の蓄積が規定となって政務がおこなわれたのであり、それらの蓄積が法的根拠となったのである。
- While Dajokan (Grand Council of State) handled government affairs under provisions of ritsuryo law in the ritsuryo system, accumulation of individual negotiation processes and cases served as provisions in doing government affairs in medieval period and such accumulation was the legal basis.
- 戦国武将や大名などの列伝が充実している(特に江戸幕府への配慮を必要とした江戸時代の部分よりも室町時代の記事の方が優れているといわれており、応仁の乱から封建制の再構築の過程の執筆に力が入っている)。
- It is rich in biographies of busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku Period and daimyo (Japanese territorial lord). (Especially the articles about the Muromachi period is said to be more excellent than those about the Edo period, and above all the descriptions ranging from the Onin War to the process of restructuring a feudal system were written well, because the author had to care about the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) during writing.)
- 国土交通大臣は、第一項の申請があつたときは、当該航空機が次に掲げる基準に適合するかどうかを設計、製造過程及び現状について検査し、これらの基準に適合すると認めるときは、耐空証明をしなければならない。
- The Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism shall, upon application under paragraph (1), inspect the design, manufacturing process and current conditions to certify whether the said aircraft complies with the standards listed below, and shall grant airworthiness certification if he/she finds that the said aircraft meets these standards.
- 百済王に「賜」与したとか、新羅王が「封」域を侵したという地の古地名を考証し、その最も北に線を引いたもの、それがかつての日本における「任那境域の縮小過程」図の「370年ころ」の「直轄領土」であった。
- The directly controlled territory 'around 370' in the picture of 'the shrinking process of the territory of Minama' in Japan was determined by studying a story of 'the present' to King Baekje and an old place name of the 'allotted' land which King Silla invaded and putting the border on the most northerly line.
- 応仁の乱の兵災に罹り焼亡したが、その後再建され、周辺一帯の公家町化の過程で、花山院家が転宅した後も鎮座地を変えず、明治天皇の東京遷都によって御苑内鎮座となり、明治8年(1875年)に府社に列した。
- The shrine was burned down in the battle of the Onin War but it was rebuilt later and did not changed its place of enshrinement even after the Kazan-in family moved to another place and the surrounding area went through a transition to Kugemachi (court noble village), and it was finally enshrined in the Imperial Gardens due to the transfer of the capital to Tokyo by Emperor Meiji and it was ranked as a fusha (a prefectural shrine) in 1875.
- イーターが核融合エネルギーを開発する過程における次の重要な一歩であること及び現在が核融合エネルギーの分野における研究開発の進展に基づくイーター事業の実施に着手するのに適切な時期であることを確信し、
- CONVINCED that ITER is the next important step on the path to develop fusion energy and that now is the appropriate time to initiate the implementation of the ITER Project on the basis of progress of research and development in the field of fusion energy;
- 建築史家・福山敏男は写経所文書に含まれていた石山寺関係史料の復元考察を行い、石山寺の造営過程(761年-)を浮かび上がらせた(「奈良時代に於ける石山寺の造営」1933年、『日本建築史の研究』所収)。
- Toshio FUKUYAMA, an architectural historian, restored and studied historical materials related to Ishiyama-dera Temple, which were included in monjo created by the Sutra copying office and clearly showed the construction procedures for Ishiyama-dera Temple (constructed from 761) ('Construction of Ishiyama-dera Temple in the Nara Period,' 1933, included in 'Nihon kenchiku shi no kenkyu' [Complete Works of the History of Japanese Architecture]).
- この広く浸透した行動規範は、物質的なものの利用全般にわたって人間の生活を導くので、それはまた、経済的生活過程の理論たらんとするこの科学のための出発点ともなり、主導原理を与えるものでなければならない。
- As this pervading norm of action guides the life of men in all the use they make of material things, so it must also serve as the point of departure and afford the guiding principle for any science that aims to be a theory of the economic life process.
- 第一項の承認を受けようとする者は、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより、申請書に当該総合衛生管理製造過程を経て製造し、又は加工した食品の試験の成績に関する資料その他の資料を添付して申請しなければならない。
- A person who intends to obtain approval under paragraph (1) shall submit a written application attached with data concerning test results of food which he/she produced or processed through said comprehensive sanitation management and production process and other data, pursuant to an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
- その過程で、源氏一族の源義賢、武蔵国の秩父氏、下野国の足利氏 (藤原氏)といった諸勢力とは緊張関係に陥るが、一方南関東の支配者で弟義康と相婿でもある源義朝・源義平父子とは提携し、娘を義平の室としている。
- The relations with the various power such as the Genji clan MINAMOTO no Yoshikata, the Chichibu clan of Musashi Province and the Ashikaga clan (the Fujiwara clan) got into the tensions during the process, while he partnered with MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, the ruler of Southern Kanto region and his brother Yoshiyasu's brother-in-law, and MINAMOTO no Yoshihira (Yoshitomo's son) to marry his daughter to Yoshihira.
- ここでの明らかな過程は、もし前の所有者が自発的にコントロールをゆずったのでなければ、その人はそれなりの期間内に公開の場で抗議することで、コミュニティの支援のもとでコントロールを奪回できる、というものだ。
- The clear presumption is that if the former owner has not in fact voluntarily transferred control, he or she may reassert control with community backing by objecting publicly within a reasonable period of time.
- 国衙軍制成立の過程で武芸、すなわち軍事を専門とする諸大夫身分の貴族(軍事貴族)や侍身分の官人層が出現し、これらの層の上層身分たる軍事貴族層では、特に東国を中心として、自ら国司として現地赴任する者も現れた。
- In the process of establishing the kokuga forces system, shodaibu (aristocrat lower than Kugyo) (military aristocrat) or samurai officials who specialized in military arts appeared and some of the military aristocrats went to various provinces, especially those of eastern Japan, in order to serve as kokushi.
- 国及び地方公共団体は、犯罪被害者等のための施策の適正な策定及び実施に資するため、犯罪被害者等の意見を施策に反映し、当該施策の策定の過程の透明性を確保するための制度を整備する等必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State and Local governments shall take such necessary measures as developing a system to reflect Crime Victims' opinions in the measures for Crime Victims and secure transparency of the process of establishing relevant measures, in order to contribute to proper establishment and implementation of the measures.
- 胎児 人又は動物の胎内にある細胞群であって、そのまま胎内において発生の過程を経ることにより一の個体に成長する可能性のあるもののうち、胎盤の形成の開始以後のものをいい、胎盤その他のその附属物を含むものとする。
- Fetus A cell group lying in utero of a human or an Animal which has the potential to grow into an individual through the process of development in utero and has begun formation of a placenta, and which shall include the placenta and other appendages
- こうした「青製煎茶」の登場の過程は当時の資料から明らかになってきており、江戸時代後期の抹茶から煎茶への流行の推移と、より高品質な商品を求める需要から茶の品質が向上していく中でのひとつの到達点であるといえる。
- The introduction of 'Aosei Sencha Seiho' process started to be revealed in documents of that period and indicated the shift from maccha (powdered green tea) to sencha at the end of the Edo Period as one of the goals reached in the search for high quality tea.
- 接受締約者は、イーター施設が接受国に移転された後の廃止の段階において、イーター施設の廃止の過程で生み出され、又は利用されるすべての関連情報を他の加盟者に提供する。当該情報は、公表されているか否かを問わない。
- For the decommissioning phase after the transfer of the facilities to the Host State, the Host Party shall provide to the other Members all relevant information, whether published or not, generated or used during the decommissioning of the ITER facilities.
- 加盟者がこの協定の実施の過程において知的財産を生み出し、又は知的財産の完全な所有権を取得する場合には、当該加盟者は、他のすべての加盟者及びイーター機構に対して適時に通報し、及び当該知的財産の詳細を提供する。
- If a Member generates or acquires full ownership of Intellectual Property in the course of execution of this Agreement, the Member shall notify all other Members and the ITER Organization in a timely manner and provide details of such Intellectual Property.
- その後、軍事貴族の平清盛が平氏政権をうちたて、平氏政権打倒の過程で発生した の内乱(源平合戦)の結果、東国に武家政権(鎌倉幕府)が登場することとなったが、その後も貴族たちは一定の政治実権を握り続けたのである。
- Later, TAIRA no Kiyomori from the military nobles established the Taira clan administration, and as a result of the civil war of Gisho-Juei (the Genpei war) which occurred during the course of overthrowing the Taira clan administration, a military administration (the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)) was established in the East, but the nobles continued to seize political power afterwards as well.
- 日本にこれら近代醸造学が導入されたのは、明治になってからであるが、初めは日本酒のためではなくビールの醸造技術を学ぶ過程で、「発酵をうながす微生物」として英語yeastやドイツ語Hefeが語彙として入ってきた。
- Modern brewing techniques were introduced to Japan in the Meiji period, on which occasion an English word yeast and a German word Hefe were imported to refer to 'microorganisms that promote fermentation' in the course of studying beer brewing techniques instead of sake brewing techniques.
- 法第十九条第二項の確認は、航空機の整備又は改造の計画及び過程並びにその作業完了後の現状について行うものとし、搭載用航空日誌(滑空機にあつては、滑空機用航空日誌)に署名又は記名押印することにより行うものとする。
- Confirmation under paragraph (2) of Article 19 of the Act shall be made for plans for aircraft maintenance or alteration and its processes and current conditions after completion of the aforementioned work and shall be made to sign or register and seal on an aircraft flight logbook (glider flight logbook in the case of gliders) as well.
- 上に述べた段落では、この論文のキーポイント、つまり神の信仰は非物理的ないし形而上的な力を信じることに基づき、それにたいし、科学は自然の物理的過程の観点での物理的出来事の説明に限定されるという点を強調してきた。
- The above paragraphs have been stressing the key point in this paper: a faith in God is based upon a belief in non-physical or metaphysical powers; whereas, science limits itself to explanations of physical events in terms of natural physical processes.
- この過程で信西とその一族の台頭は目覚ましく、高階重仲の女を母とする俊憲・藤原貞憲は弁官として父と共に実務を担当する一方で、藤原朝子(後白河の乳母)を母とする藤原成憲・藤原脩憲はそれぞれ遠江・美濃の受領となった。
- During this process Shinzei and the his family (the Fujiwara) each rose to remarkable prominence; FUJIWARA no Toshinori and Sadanori (sons of Shinzei and their mother was the daughter of TAKASHINA no Shigenaka) worked as Controllers with their father at running the Records Office, while FUJIWARA no Shigenori and Naganori (sons of Shinzei and their mother was FUJIWARA no Asako, who was also known as Emperor Goshirakawa's wet nurse) were awarded control over Totomi and Mino Provinces, respectively.
- 義昭・信長と前久・石山本願寺との対立は後の元亀兵乱の一因となるが、兵乱の過程において、信長との関係が悪化した義昭は本願寺と和解し反信長同盟(いわゆる信長包囲網)を形成するも信長に敗れ、室町幕府は滅亡することになる。
- While the opposition between the Yoshiaki-Nobunaga pair and the Sakihisa-Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple alliance proved to make up a cause of subsequent Genki heiran (the Genki Disturbance), Yoshiaki whose relationship with Nobunaga worsened in the process of warfare made peace with Hongan-ji Temple to form an Anti-Nobunaga alliance (so-called Nobunaga encircling net), which eventually was defeated by Nobunaga, and the Muromachi bakufu collapsed.
- 藩内における権力拡大の過程では、小松清廉(帯刀)や中山中左衛門などと合わせて、大久保利通・伊地知貞馨(堀仲左衛門)・岩下方平・海江田信義・吉井友実ら、中下級藩士から成る有志グループ、精忠組の中核メンバーを登用する。
- In the process of expanding his power, he promoted central members of Seichugumi Organization, a volunteering group of middle and lower ranked feudal retainers including Toshimichi OKUBO, Sadaka IJICHI (Chuzaemon HORI), Michihira IWASHITA, Nobuyoshi KAIEDA, and Tomozane YOSHII as well as Kiyokado (Tatewaki) KOMATSU and Chuzaemon NAKAYAMA.
- 戦国大名から統一政権を打ち立てた織田政権・豊臣政権の両政権では右筆衆(ゆうひつしゅう)の制が定められ、右筆衆が行政文書を作成するだけではなく、奉行・蔵入地代官などを兼務してその政策決定の過程から関与する場合もあった。
- Under both the Oda and Toyotomi governments, which were established after the unification of the warring daimyo, there was an institution called the Yuhitsushu (corps of administrators), who not only created public documents, but also sometimes stood in as the Bugyo (magistrate) or the Daikan (local governor) of directly-controlled lands, taking part in the policymaking processes.
- 元々は禁裏や公家の諸家に除目などの公事の参考とするために同様の本が編纂・所蔵されており、それぞれの家にあった本が互いに貸借・校合されていく過程で詳細な山科家のそれが通行して他家の本が行われなくなったと考えられている。
- Originally, similar books were edited and possessed by the Imperial Palace or each clan of court nobles to consult for political operations and ceremonies of the Imperial Court such as appointment ceremonies, and it is believed that the Yamashina family's detailed version was generally used and books in other families had been no longer in use in the course of borrowing and lending, or collating of those books of each clan.
- その後、7世紀後半に至るまで国号の表記は倭国・倭のままであったが、天武天皇に始まる律令制建設の過程で、倭国・倭という表記を忌避する意識が再び高まり、701年前後に日本という表記が採用されることとなったと考えられている。
- From then on till the latter half of the seventh century, the name designating the country was still Wakoku or Wa, but in the process of remodeling its state and administrative apparatus on the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) by the Emperor Tenmu, there was growing national awareness about the avoidance of using Wa or Wakoku, so that before and after 701, a pair of Chinese characters, 日本, (meaning of 'the land from the sun-rise) came to be used.
- しかし、戦後になって石母田正が『中世的世界の形成』を著し、武士が在地領主として在地を支配していく過程と貴族・寺社による古代奴隷制国家の解体と武士による中世封建制国家の形成を関連付ける「在地領主制」の考え方を打ち出した。
- However, after World War II, Tadashi I SHIMODA wrote 'Chuseiteki Sekai no Keisei' (The formation of the medieval world) and presented the idea of 'Zaichi ryoshu sei' (the local lord system) that relates the process of the dismantling the ancient nation with the institution of slavery sustained by the nobility and the temples and shrines, with the formation of the medieval nation with a feudal system supported by the samurai class.
- 第一項の承認を受けた者(次項において「承認取得者」という。)は、当該承認に係る総合衛生管理製造過程の一部を変更しようとするときは、その変更についての承認を求めることができる。この場合においては、前二項の規定を準用する。
- When a person who has obtained approval under paragraph (1) (referred to as a "person obtaining approval" in the following paragraph) intends to change part of the comprehensive sanitation management and production process pertaining to said approval, he/she may apply for approval for the change. In this case, the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis.
- 元恭は能登の豪商文人一族岩城氏の、次男善之助を娘婿としており、その子箸尾元市は鴻池家の別家となっている(安岡重明『前期的資本の変質過程:鴻池研究の一節』、宮本又次編『大阪の研究』清文堂. 1970年 第四巻p480)。
- Motoyasu had a son-in-law called Zennosuke, who was the second son of the Iwaki clan, wealthy family of merchants and literature, and Zennosuke's son Motoichi HASHIO was a member of a branch family of the Konoike family ('Zenkiteki Shihon no Henshitsu Katei: Konoike Kenkyu no Issetsu' [The Process of Changes of Pre-modern Capital - a Study on the Konoike Family] written by Shigeaki YASUOKA, included in page 480, Volume 4 of 'Osaka no Kenkyu' [Studies on Osaka] edited by Mataji MIYAMOTO and published by Seibundo in 1970).
- 四度加行を行う過程で、加行を行うための作法で必要とされる事相の伝授が適宜、行われるが、伝法灌頂を受けていないと伝授出来ない行法(修法)があるため、事相の一流伝授を受けるためには伝法灌頂を受けていることが必須条件である。
- In the process of Shidokegyo, although the practical training, which is necessary as a manner for Kegyo is taught, denpo-kanjo is essential for undergoing Ichiryu-denju (initiation of practical training in the Shingon sect) because denpo-kanjo is necessary to receive training in the discipline.
- これは僕の持論なんだが、つまり個性の進展と云うことも要するに、その先祖の一貫した全過程を表現しているもので、また途中で急激に、善悪いずれかの方面に転換するとも、やはり血統の上の、強いある影響が、そうさせるのだと思うよ。
- I have a theory that the individual represents in his development the whole procession of his ancestors, and that such a sudden turn to good or evil stands for some strong influence which came into the line of his pedigree.
- 河内源氏は鎌倉幕府樹立の過程で治承の戦いの際に恩賞などの形で獲得した旧伊勢平氏知行国のうち9ヶ国(下総国・上総国・武蔵国・相模国・伊豆国・越後国・信濃国・駿河国・豊後国)及び没官領となった500ヶ所以上の荘園を獲得した。
- The Kawachi Genji received nine provinces (Shimousa Province, Kazusa Province, Musashi Province, Sagami Province, Izu Province, Echigo Province, Shinano Province, Suruga Province, Bungo Province) among those that had been the Ise Heishi's chigyokoku, and 500 or more shoen, that had been mokkan ryo (confiscated lands) -- All of them were received as rewards in the Jisho no ran (Jisho civil war, 1180) in the process of establishing the Kamakura bakufu (military government of Kamakura).
- 作太郎と作次郎と呼ばれる2人の立会人が、「日柄改め」から「狩終い」までの稲作の過程を模擬的に演じるもので、早乙女に扮した女の子4人と、牛役の男の子1人が出て、ショウブの葉を苗に見立てて田植えのしぐさをし、豊作を祈願する。
- Observers called Sakutaro and Sakujiro act out a simulated process of rice cultivation from 'Higara aratame' to 'Shuoi,' and four girls disguised as young female rice planters and one boy playing the role of the cow appear to make gestures of rice planting using iris leaves as rice seedlings, and pray for an abundant harvest.
- 関東での源為義派の父義賢と、伯父の義朝の対立の過程で、父の義賢が甥の源義平に討たれた後、幼少の義仲は 畠山重能、斎藤実盛らの援助で信濃国(長野県)に逃れ、木曾谷の豪族、中原兼遠の庇護下に育ち、通称を「木曾次郎」と名乗る。
- During the conflict between his uncle Yoshitomo and his father Yoshikata in Kanto who sided with MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, Yoshitaka was defeated by his nephew Yoshihira; with the help of Shigeyoshi HATAKEYAMA and Sanemori SAITO young Yoshinaka evacuated to Shinano Province (Nagano Prefecture) after his father's defeat, grew up under the wing of Kaneto NAKAHARA, the powerful clan in Kisodani, and went by his popular name of 'Jiro KISO.'
- そして、足利義満が治天の君が持っていた政治的権限(王権)を自己の手中に収めていく過程において従来治天の君が保有していた一括安堵の権限をも掌握していき、義満以後においても天皇の綸旨のみならず室町殿の御教書・御内書を必要とした。
- In addition, as Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA began to take hold of the political authority (sovereignty) which the Chiten no kimi used to possess, Yoshimitsu also took control of the authority to perform the 'ikkatsu ando' which was also held by the Chiten no kimi, thus requiring not only the rinji (the personal edict of the emperor) but the shogun's migyosho (a documented shogunal order) and gonaisho (a letter issued over the signature of the shogun) which were issued at the Muromachi dono Palace, even after the Yoshimitsu's reign.
- 相馬御厨は在庁官人が在地領主に変貌していく過程で、国司や目代と激しく対立した事、在地領主層が脆弱な地位を守るために寄進を行った事、寄進による保護にも限界があり、鎌倉幕府の成立へとつながって行った事の例示としてよく取り上げられる。
- Soma-mikuriya is often raised as an exemplary case of: bitter struggles with kokushi (provincial governors) and mokudai (deputy kokushi, or a deputy provincial governor) during the transformation of local officials to local lords; donation by the local lord classes to defend their vulnerable positions; and the limits of the protection by donation, which led to the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- なお、常磐井和子は「源氏物語古系図は複雑な伝流過程をたどっていると見られ、原型に近いと見られる「九条家本」系統以外は明確な分類が出来ないものがある」として成立時の原型に近い「九条家本」系統とその他の2系統に分類でよいとしている。
- Kazuko TOKIWAI considers that old genealogies of The Tale of Genji seem to have been handed down in the complicated process, and they can be classified into two groups of 'Kujoke-bon manuscript' which is close to the original when it was completed and other group, stating that 'it is impossible to classify them clearly except 'Kujoke-bon,' which seems to be close to the original manuscript.'
- 室町時代に入ると地侍たちが地元の有力武士と関係を結んで寄親・寄子の関係を結ぶようになり、守護大名や戦国大名も有力武士を傘下に入れる過程で彼らの寄親としての権限を認めて、自らも彼らと寄親・寄子の関係を結んで家臣団に取り込んでいった。
- During the Muromachi period, jizamurai (local samurai) became involved with the local dominant samurai, forming the Yorioya-Yoriko relationship, while shugo daimyo (military governors) and Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) acknowledged their authority as Yorioya in the process of drawing dominant samurai under their jurisdiction and they also established the Yorioya-Yoriko relationship with them to include them amongst their vassals.
- しかし居延漢簡には純粋な篆書からはじまって、隷書になりかけた初期の隷書である「古隷」、完全な波磔(はたく、隷書独特の大きなはらい)を持つ隷書=八分隷までこの時代考え得る移行期の書体が全て使用されており、隷変の過程が明らかになった。
- However, all the possible calligraphic styles of the transitional period in those days were used in Kyoen Kankan: from pure tensho (seal script), through 'korei' (old clerical script) which was early reisho (close to reisho) to reisho with complete hataku (horizontal lines ending in a noticeable triangular tail that were specific to reisho) which is called Happunrei; thereby the process of reihen was revealed.
- 並行複発酵(へいこうふくはっこう)とは、醸造酒の製造過程で起こる発酵の一種であり、麹の酵素によってデンプンがブドウ糖に変化する糖化と、ブドウ糖が酵母の働きによってアルコールに変化する発酵とが、同一容器中で同時に行われることをいう。
- Multiple parallel fermentation ('並行複発酵') is a type of fermentation that takes place in the sake brewing process, meaning that saccharification (the conversion of starch into glucose by koji enzyme) and fermentation (the conversion of glucose into alcohol by yeast) occur simultaneously in the same container.
- 彼の政策を改訂し、彼に捧げられた記念碑を取り外し、彼の名誉で指定された場所を改名することによって、ヨシフ・ビサリオノビッチ・スターリンの影響を中和する社会的な過程を取り出して、彼の名誉で名をつけられる場所の名前を変える社会的プロセス
- social process of neutralizing the influence of Joseph Stalin by revising his policies and removing monuments dedicated to him and renaming places named in his honor
- 加盟者、国内機関又は団体がこの協定の実施の過程において保護の対象となる事項を生み出す場合には、当該加盟者、国内機関又は団体は、関係法令に従って、いかなる国においても知的財産についてのすべての権利、権原及び利益を取得する権利を有する。
- If protectable subject matter is generated by a Member, a Domestic Agency or Entity in the course of execution of this Agreement, the Member, the Domestic Agency or Entity shall be entitled to acquire all rights, title and interest in all countries in and to such intellectual property according to applicable laws and regulations
- これは明治政府が宗教勢力を完全に国家の従属化に置き、宗教勢力の意向を政策立案過程から排除することに成功した先進国の中でも稀有な世俗政権だったことも示しているが同時にこれら時期を逆説的に「神道の暗黒時代」とする意見の根拠ともなっている。
- This indicates that the Meiji government was, even among developed countries, a rare secular government, which succeeded in subordinating religious groups, bringing them completely under control of the nation and eliminating their intentions from the policy making process, but it is also a basis of the opinion that this period was, paradoxically, a 'dark age of Shinto.'
- 写真、映画、放送その他の方法によつて時事の事件を報道する場合には、当該事件を構成し、又は当該事件の過程において見られ、若しくは聞かれる著作物は、報道の目的上正当な範囲内において、複製し、及び当該事件の報道に伴つて利用することができる。
- For the purpose of reporting current events by means of photography, cinematography, broadcast or otherwise, it shall be permissible to reproduce a work involved in such event or a work seen or heard in the course of the event, and to exploit any such work in conjunction with the reporting of such event, in each case to the extent justified for purposes of news reporting.
- 前項の規定にかかわらず、法第二十条第一項第一号の能力について同項の認定を受けた者が、第三十五条第七号の規定により、当該認定に係る設計及び設計後の検査をした航空機については、修理又は改造の計画又は過程について検査の一部を行わないことができる。
- Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, an aircraft for which a design and an inspection after the design has been made pursuant to the provision of item (vii) of Article 35 by a person who is certified based on item (i) under paragraph (1) of Article 20 of the Act for the capability specified in the same paragraph may not perform a part of inspection for plans or processes of repair or alteration.
- 治承・寿永の乱の過程で、鎌倉を本拠に源頼朝を棟梁として東国武士を中心に樹立された鎌倉幕府では、東国を中心に諸国に守護、地頭を設置し、警察権を掌握していたが、西国は支配しきっておらず依然として朝廷の力は強く、幕府と朝廷の二頭政治の状態にあった。
- Given the tumultuous history of the disturbances in the Jijo and Juei eras, the Kamakura bakufu--made up primarily of samurais from the eastern provinces, having its stronghold in Kamakura, and having Minamoto no Yoritomo as its leader--exerted control over assignments of provincial governors and estate stewards in several provinces, mainly in the east, and held the power to police those domains; in the west, however, they had no real control, whereas the Imperial Court's power in the West remained considerable, and thus the shogunate and the Court were stuck as joint rulers of Japan.
- 国衙軍制の可能性を指摘し、それが武士の起源に関係することを論じたものには、石井進『中世成立期軍制研究の一視点』(「史学雑誌」78編12号所載、1969年)や戸田芳実『国衙軍制の形成過程』(「中世の権力と民衆」所載、創元社、1970年)などがある。
- The papers that pointed out the possibility of the kokuga forces system and discussed the relation of the system to the origin of samurai include 'A viewpoint concerning research about the military system in the early medieval period' written by Susumu ISHII ('Shigaku zasshi' (Journal of Historical Studies), No. 12, vol. 78, in 1969) and 'The process in which the kokuga forces system was formed' written by Yoshimi TODA (recorded in 'Power and the general public in the medieval period,' published by Sogensha, in 1970).
- 例えば、進化論は作用中のところを観察できないので、だからそれは妥当な科学的理論ではない、なぜなら、あらゆる科学的理論は(そう言われているのだが)研究中の過程についての直接的な観察によって確証されなければならないのだから、という主張がよくなされる。
- For instance, the case is often made that since evolution cannot be observed in action, it is therefore not a valid scientific theory, for all scientific theories (so it is alleged) have to be confirmed by direct observation of the process under investigation.
- が、書紀古写本(乾元本神代紀)に「弘仁説」として引用されている『弘仁私記』(和訓が万葉仮名で表記され上代特殊仮名遣も正確)と比べると、現在の伝本(和訓の大半が片仮名表記)は書写の過程ではなはだしく劣化したものであり、原型をとどめていないと見られる。
- However, compared to 'Koninshiki' (the Japanese reading of a Chinese character is written by Manyo-gana (a form of syllabary used in the Manyo-shu or Collection of Myriad Leaves), and ancient special Kana usage is also accurate) which was cited as 'the Konin theory' in an old manuscript of Shoki (Jindaiki (Records of period of gods) of the Kengen book), the existing denpon (existent books of transcription and published books) (most of the Japanese readings of Chinese characters are written in katakana (syllable based writing system of the Japanese language)) was greatly deteriorated during the process of transcript, so that it is regarded to be different from the original form.
- 安骨浦城にいた加藤嘉明や脇坂安治など朝鮮半島から帰国した大名が、国内での築城や改修の際、その手法を用いたとされるが、一国一城令や明治維新前後に破却された城郭が多く、登り石垣の歴史的過程については、築かれた箇所などを含め、まだ充分に解明されていない。
- It is said that Yoshiaki KATO who resided at the Angolpo Castle and Yasuharu WAKISAKA and some other Daimyo who came back from the Korean Peninsula adopted the nobori-ishigaki method when constructing and renovating castles, but many castles were demolished after Ikkoku Ichijo Rei (Law of One Castle per Province) or around the Meiji Restoration, and the history of nobori-ishigaki is not fully understood yet; locations in which they were constructed.
- 坂上明基は鎌倉幕府の依頼を受けて『法曹至要抄』の中の民事関係の記事を抄出して幕府に提出したと言われるなど幕府とのつながりも深く、後世の公家法のみならず、鎌倉幕府の御成敗式目にもその影響が見られ、公家法から武家法への移行過程の研究にも影響を与えている。
- SAKANOUE no Akimoto had close ties with the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), being said to have picked out articles concerning civil affairs from 'Hossoshiyo-sho' to submit them to the bakufu at the request of the Kamakura bakufu, influenced not only kugeho (laws issued by the imperial court) in the later generations but also Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai) in the Kamakura period, and had an impact on studies of the transition process from kugeho to bukeho (the law system for the samurai society and the military government).
- 独立とその後の朝鮮戦争勃発による社会的混乱、工業化・民主化の過程での都市部への人口の移動によって、大韓民国の被差別階級は姿を消すこととなったが、現在もなお罵倒語として「白丁」(ペクチョン)「白丁野郎(ペッチョンノム)」という言葉が使われることがある。
- The discriminated class in the Republic of Korea had disappeared due to the social disorder by the independence and later outbreak of the Korean War and the flow of population to urban areas in the process of industrialization and democratization, however, still now 'Pekuchon' or 'Petchonnomu' are sometimes used as a swear word.
- でも、アメリカでライセンスを受けている数少ないアニメがメカ(巨大ロボット) ジャンルのものだったということから見て、これがアメリカで正式にライセンスを受ける可能性は絶対ないし、あってもローカライズの過程でむちゃくちゃに切り刻まれてしまうと思っていた。
- They thought that there was no way it would ever be licensed in America given that the select few anime licensed in America were of the mecha (giant robot) genre, or were grotesquely mutilated when localized.
- 厚生労働大臣が、必要があると認めて、外国において当該承認に係る総合衛生管理製造過程を経て食品の製造又は加工を行う承認取得者(次号において「外国製造承認取得者」という。)に対し、必要な報告を求めた場合において、その報告がされず、又は虚偽の報告がされたとき。
- When the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare has found it necessary and has requested a person obtaining approval who produces or processes food through a comprehensive sanitation management and production process pertaining to said approval in a foreign country (referred to as a "person obtaining approval for production in a foreign country" in the following item) to submit a necessary report, but no report has been made or a false report has been made;
- 津田は記紀の成立過程に関して初めて本格的な文献批判を行い、神話学、民俗学の成果を援用しつつ、神武天皇は弥生時代の何らかの事実を反映したものではなく、主として皇室が日本を支配するいわれを説明するために述作された日本神話の一部として理解すべきであると断じた。
- TSUDA was the first person who criticized literature regarding the process of coming into existence of the kojiki and Nihonshoki in earnest, and concluded that the Japanes had to understand that description concerning Emperor Jimmu did not reflect any fact in the Yayoi period, but were mostly written as part of Japanese Mythology in order to justify the ruling of Japan by the Imperial Family, taking advantage of mythology and folklore.
- 『源氏物語』の「絵合(えあわせ)」の巻などを参照すると、日本では平安時代前期~中期にも多くの物語絵が制作されたことが推測されるが、9世紀~11世紀までの絵巻物作品の現存するものは皆無であり、この間、絵巻物の画風がどのような発展過程を経たのかは定かでない。
- According to such descriptions written in a volume captioned 'Eawase' (picture contest) in 'Genji Monogatari,' many scrolls of illustrated tales may be assumed to have been produced during the beginning and middle Heian period in Japan, but since none of such scrolls are now existing that were produced between the 9th and 11th centuries, we are unable to trace clearly how the styles of illustrated scrolls, of that period, had developed.
- 以前には評に所属していた見られる郡稲との関係やそれ以前から続く屯倉との関連性については様々な学説が出ており、屯倉や国造領に納められていた租税や出挙、評稲などが大化改新以後に再編される過程で大税と郡稲に統合・分離したと考えられるということ以外には不明である。
- It is not clear, despite the various theories, about its connection to gunto (rice stored in a county) that used to belong to kori (provincial administrative organization), and the relation to miyake (a governing system in Yamato sovereignty [the ancient Japan sovereignty]) that was older than the first, but it can be considered that land tax, suiko and hyoto (rice in kori) stored in miyake and Kuninomiyatsuko-ryo (territory of the heads of local governments) were integrated or separated into taizei and gunto in the process of reorganization after the Taika Reforms.
- 引用した対談は1974年のものであるが、それに先立つ1969年12月の法制史研究会総会で、戸田芳実は『国衙軍制の形成過程』を発表、そこで述べた「地方軍事貴族」または「辺境軍事貴族」という概念、そして「国衙軍制」への着目はその後の武士論に大きな影響を与えた。
- The interview was in 1974, but Yoshimi TODA announced 'The Formation Process of the Kokuga Forces System' at Japan Legal History Association Conference of December 1969 and 'aristocrats with regional army,' 'aristocrats with frontier army,' and the 'kokuga forces system' debated there and greatly affected the later bushi theory.
- 「生成しつつある感覚」について語るとき、「最初は至るとこでぼんやりと繊細であった組織の分化」について語るとき、これらの過程を「環境による有機体の変化」と結びつけるとき、接触がなく、また接触しようと近づくことさえないのに、同じ平行現象が暗示されているのです。
- When 'nascent senses' are spoken of, when 'the differentiation of a tissue at first vaguely sensitive all over' is spoken of, and when these processes are associated with 'the modification of an organism by its environment,' the same parallelism, without contact, or even approach to contact, is implied.
- 主要諸元と特性は、詳細目的及び1998年のコスト目標に従うものである。また、安全と環境特性は、参加極間の合意のもと、安全原則と、環境に対するITER運転の影響を最小限にするための設計基準と、仮定された全ての出来事及びそれらの過程についての解析結果を反映している
- The main parameters and characteristics follow directly from the detailed objectives and cost target set in 1998. Safety and environmental characteristics reflect a consensus among the Parties on safety principles and design criteria for minimizing the consequences of ITER operation for the environment and the results of analysis on all postulated events and their consequences.
- 1900年(明治33年)伊藤の立憲政友会結成に際してその準備過程には参加しながら入党せず、政党外部に身を置きつつ気脈を通じてしばしば政界の表面に登場し、「憲法の番人」を自任して官僚勢力のために種々の画策を講じ、枢密院の重鎮として昭和初期まで政界に影響力を保った。
- Although he took part in preparations for the 1900 formation of ITO's Rikken Seiyukai, he did not join the party; while he stayed outside the party, he often appeared in the political scene by way of his political connections, and proclaimed himself to be 'guardian of the Constitution' as he got involved in various maneuvers for the bureaucratic power; and he remained a powerful figure in the Privy Council and continued to be influential in the political world until the early Showa era.
- この過程で顕彰が対立した家臣を追放したこと、天保の大飢饉(収入の減少及び物価高騰)や勧修寺家が務めていた寺社伝奏の職務不振によって財政が逼迫してきたこと、前述の後継者問題などで宮廷内に強い影響力を持つ叔母・徳子と不仲となったことで心身に支障をきたすようになった。
- During the settlement process, Akiteru suffered from mental unsoundness as he had to deal with several problems such as expelling opponent vassals, financial tightness caused by the Tempo Famine (triggered decrease in income and price run-up) and decline of the opportunity to perform the work of Jisha Tenso (liaison officers between the imperial court and temples and shrines), the government post that the family had been in charge of, and the friction with his aunt, Nariko, who had a great influence in the Imperial Court caused by the successor problem.
- また、仮にこれらすべてが単純に古代山城であった場合でも、それらが戦略拠点たりえた状況を含めて、そのようなものが西日本の広範な地域に存在していること、現在までほとんど知られていなかったことは、大和王朝成立前後や、その過程の古代史を考える上で非常に重要なはずである。
- Also, even if all of these were simply ancient mountain castles, as they exist in a broad area of western Japan in potentially strategic positions and have been nearly unknown until now, they are historically important when considering the period around the formation of Yamato Dynasty and the process of its creation.
- なお、「源氏物語絵巻」鈴虫第一段(五島美術館)に描かれる女性の装束はかつて「細長」とされ、裾の分かれた細長の形状を示す例とされていたが、近年科学調査に基づく復元模写作成過程で、裳をつけた袿姿であることが明らかになっている(『よみがえる源氏物語絵巻』NHK出版)。
- In the meantime, although the costume of a lady depicted in the chapter one of the roll of The Bell Cricket in 'Genji monogatari emaki' (the Illustrated Handscroll of the Tale of Genji) (in The Gotoh Museum) used to be thought as 'hosonaga' and it was an example of the shape of the clothes whereby the hem was separated, it turned out recently to be 'uchigi sugata with mo' and not hosonaga through reconstructing and reproducing work of the rolls based on scientific research ('Yomigaeru Genji Monogatari Emaki' (Reviving Illustrated Handscroll of the Tale of Genji, NHK Publishing).
- 後に領主は国という形態が自己組織化の圧力もあって、次第に極大で各々の民衆の想像を絶するほどの政治的システムに変化する過程で取り込まれていったが、その多くは幾らかの自治権を保持し続け、地域の様々な産業に関与、地域の繁栄も困窮も領主の腹一つで決まる部分も根強く残った。
- As states gradually changed into bigger political systems beyond the average person's understanding, feudalism was disolved by the pressure to organize; however, many lords partially preserved their autonomies and engaged in various industries in their regions, so there was a deep-seated aspect that prosperity or poverty in a region depended upon a feudal lord.
- 前項の実習併用職業訓練とは、事業主が、その雇用する労働者の業務の遂行の過程内において行う職業訓練と次のいずれかの職業訓練又は教育訓練とを効果的に組み合わせることにより実施するものであつて、これにより習得された技能及びこれに関する知識についての評価を行うものをいう。
- Vocational training with practical work set forth in the preceding paragraph shall mean the on the job vocational training that an employer provides for his/her employed workers, effectively combining with any of the following vocational training or educational training, through which said employer conducts an evaluation of the trade skills that the workers have acquired through such training and of their knowledge thereon:
- 寝ているときや、薬の効き目がなくなると、私は変化の過程なしに(というのは、変化の痛みは日々和らいでいったので)恐怖があふれている幻想をもち、理由なき憎悪ににえくりかえる、しかしそのような怒り狂うエネルギーを抱え込むには弱すぎるように思われる肉体を持つに至るのである。
- But when I slept, or when the virtue of the medicine wore off, I would leap almost without transition (for the pangs of transformation grew daily less marked) into the possession of a fancy brimming with images of terror, a soul boiling with causeless hatreds, and a body that seemed not strong enough to contain the raging energies of life.
- 幕府開祖である源頼朝が、政権奪取への転戦の過程から幕府開設初期の諸施策における行動にあたって陰陽師の占じた吉日を用い、2代将軍源頼家もこの例にならい京から陰陽師を招くなどしたが、私生活まで影響されるようなことはなく、公的行事の形式補完的な目的に限って陰陽師を活用した。
- The originator of Shogunate, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo used the lucky days as divined by onmyoji in all matters from fighting at various places to seize power, to actions taken for all of the measures and policies in early days of the Shogunate and the second Shogun MINAMOTO no Yoriie followed Yoritomo's examples by inviting onmyoji from Kyoto, but Yoriie used onmyoji exclusively as accessories to add a formal touch to public functions, never letting onmyoji meddle with his private life.
- これは廃藩置県などの推進の過程で大久保が中央集権の必要性を認めて木戸らの方針に同意する方向へと変わると同時に、殖産興業の分離で合併後の新省が持つ権限の分割に成功したこと、更には将来の政府を担う開明派若手官僚との全面衝突を避けたいとの思惑があったからであると言われている。
- It is considered that the compromise was made because OKUBO recognized the importance of a centralized government in the process of promoting Haihanchiken, the abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures, and agreed on the policy of KIDO and others; separation of the part that specialized in the promotion of industry divided the power concentrated in the new merged ministry; and the OKUBO's faction wanted to avoid an all-out conflict with the young officials of the Kaimeiha faction who were to lead the future government.
- 仕事はそれに携わるすべての人の性格に関わってくるので、同じ過程により、人間の生活も豊かで多様で活気に満ちたものとなり、もっと豊富な滋養を高い思想に与え、感情を高揚させ、また民族に帰属する価値を限りなく高めることによって、個々の個人を民族に結びつけている紐帯を強めるのです。
- and as the works partake the character of those who do them, by the same process human life also becomes rich, diversified, and animating, furnishing more abundant aliment to high thoughts and elevating feelings, and strengthening the tie which binds every individual to the race, by making the race infinitely better worth belonging to.
- 室町幕府が成立すると、守護領国制が確立されていく過程で公家や寺社などの荘園領主は守護の軍事力に依拠しなければ年貢・公事の徴収が困難となり、反対に守護はその立場を利用して国内の荘園・公領に段銭などの形で独自の公事を賦課することで領国支配の強化と財政基盤の構築を図るようになった。
- After Muromachi bakufu was founded, in the process of establishing Shugo-ryogoku system, it became difficult for lords of the manor such as kuge, temples and shrines to collect nengu and kuji unless they relied on the military power of shugo, on the other hand, shugo made a use of their position to impose their original kuji to shoen and koryo in form of tansen (a kind of provisional tax in medieval Japan), so that they could have enhanced the control over daimyo's territory and built financial base.
- 伝統工芸としての飴細工は、飴の特性上、製作および保存の過程における扱いが難しいことをはじめ、量産できないことや衛生的な面、さらに実物を目にする機会があまりないうえ、その労力の割にはビジネス面での見返りが少ないことなどから、見た目の派手さとは裏腹に、技術の伝承がされにくい側面があった。
- Amezaiku as a traditional performing art is difficult to deal with in the process of the production and preservation because of the characteristics of candy, cannot be mass-produced, have a hygienic problem, are rarely seen and are not profitable, and in spite of their gaiety, the handing down of techniques has not been easy.
- 1953年(昭和28年)、京都府山城町 (京都府)(現・木津川市)の椿井大塚山古墳から神獣鏡が出土すると、小林行雄は同型の鏡が日本各地の古墳から出土している事実に着目し、邪馬台国が大和に所在し、のちのヤマト王権が卑弥呼に下賜された神獣鏡を各地の豪族に与えたとする古代政権成立過程を提唱した。
- When Shinjukyo (the mirror engraved divine beasts) was discovered in the Tsubaiotsukayama-kofun Tumulus in Yamashiro-cho, Kyoto Prefecture (Kyoto Prefecture) (currently, Kizugawa City) in 1953, Yukio KOBAYASHI focused on the fact that the same form of mirrors were discovered in the various places in Japan and advocated Yamatai-Koku kingdom located in Yamato and the process of the establishment of an ancient government that Shinjukyo granted to Himiko by later Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) were given to Gozoku (local ruling family) in the various places.
- しかし、文献史学の情報、考古学による発掘の進展などは擦文文化の広がりや実態、続縄文時代から擦文文化への、又擦文文化からアイヌ文化への移行過程がかなり複雑な様相を呈しており、前述の説ほど単純に割り切れるものではない事を浮かび上がらせつつあるため、単純にそのままの形では定説とみなされてはいない。
- However, information in the document-based research and development of archaeological excavations show complexities in the expansion and actual condition of the Satsumon culture and the transition processes from the post-Jomon period to the Satsumon period or from the Satsumon period to the Ainu culture, resulting in more complex factual relationships than the above-mentioned theories, which should not so readily be regarded as the accepted concepts.
- 更にその過程で義持側近の富樫満成が細川満元や斯波義重が義嗣に加担していたと告発、一説にはこの告発は義持の意向を受けたものでこれを機に一気に有力守護の発言力を削いで義持主導の幕政を確立を目指したものともいわれているが、逆に細川らの逆告発によって最終的には富樫が追放されるという事件が起こっている。
- Furthermore in the process, Mitsunari TOGASHI, Yoshimochi's aide, accused Mitsumoto HOSOKAWA and Yoshishige SHIBA of supporting Yoshitsugu, which, according to a view, was planned by Yoshimochi to dampen the influence of powerful governors called Shugo at once, taking this opportunity, and to establish Yoshimochi-led shogunate administration, but on the contrary, counter-accusation by HOSOKAWA, etc., eventually resulted in TOGASHI's banishment.
- 私たちの目標の一つ目は効率です。作業の効率を高めるため、私たちはソフトウェアの開発過程との緊密な一体化により、所要時間を小さく抑えています。さらに、翻訳の統合を自動化するための道具を開発しています。これは個々の翻訳者が、できる限り最高の翻訳を作り出すことのみに集中できるようにするためのものです。
- Our first aim is efficiency. To increase efficiency of the process, we integrate tightly into the development process of the software to have small turn-around times. In addition, we develop tools to automate integration of translations. This relieves the individual translators to only concentrate in producing the best translations possible.
- 食品の安全性の確保に関する施策の策定に当たっては、当該施策の策定に国民の意見を反映し、並びにその過程の公正性及び透明性を確保するため、当該施策に関する情報の提供、当該施策について意見を述べる機会の付与その他の関係者相互間の情報及び意見の交換の促進を図るために必要な措置が講じられなければならない。
- In formulating policies to ensure Food safety, necessary measures for promoting the mutual exchange of information and opinions among persons or parties concerned, such as provision of information concerning the policies and the granting of opportunities to comment on those policies, shall be taken to reflect public opinion in the formulation of the policies and to ensure the transparency and fairness of the process.
- 国は、生物の多様性の保全及び持続可能な利用に関する政策形成に民意を反映し、その過程の公正性及び透明性を確保するため、事業者、民間の団体、生物の多様性の保全及び持続可能な利用に関し専門的な知識を有する者等の多様な主体の意見を求め、これを十分考慮した上で政策形成を行う仕組みの活用等を図るものとする。
- The government shall, for the purpose of reflecting public opinion on formulation of policies for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ensuring fairness and transparency of the process thereof, ask for the opinions of diversified bodies, including businesses, private bodies and persons who have expert knowledge about conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and aim at utilization, etc. of a mechanism to form policies after sufficiently considering such opinions.
- 氷川神社が延喜式に掲載されている古社であり、かつ、氷川神社の主祭神がスサノオになった(=元々主祭神であったアラハバキ神が客人神になった)のは江戸幕府の政治的意図によるものであることからすれば、出雲と氷川の繋がりの話は、大和朝廷による蝦夷(含、渡来人)支配の一過程であると捉えたほうがよさそうである。
- Since Hikawa-jinja Shrine is an old establishment listed in the 'the Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) and the main god of Hikawa-jinja Shrine became Susanoo (in other words, the original main god Arahabaki became the guest god) only because of political reasons of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the story on the link between Izumo and Hikawa may be taken as part of the process of Emishi (including Toraijin [people from overseas, especially from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced Continental culture to the Japanese]) control by the Yamato Court.
- 記録媒体内蔵複製機器に製造上の欠陥又は販売に至るまでの過程において生じた故障があるためこれを同種の機器と交換する場合には、その内蔵記録媒体に記録されている著作物は、必要と認められる限度において、当該内蔵記録媒体以外の記録媒体に一時的に記録し、及び当該同種の機器の内蔵記録媒体に記録することができる。
- When exchanging reproducing machine with a built-in memory for the same kind of machine because of a manufacturing defect or breakdown caused during the processes until sale, works recorded on the built-in memory may be recorded ephemerally to a memory other than that built-in memory, and recorded to the built-in memory of the same kind of such machine to the extent deemed necessary.
- 食品の安全性の確保に関する施策の策定に当たっては、当該施策の策定に 国民の意見を反映し、並びにその過程の公正性及び透明性を確保するため、当該施策に関する情報の提供、当該施策について意見を述べる機会の付与その他の関 係者相互間の情報及び意見の交換の促進を図るために必要な措置が講じられなければならない。
- In formulating policies to ensure Food safety, necessary measures for promoting the mutual exchange of information and opinions among persons or parties concerned, such as provision of information concerning the policies and the granting of opportunities to comment on those policies, shall be taken to reflect public opinion in the formulation of the policies and to ensure the transparency and fairness of the process.
- 原子力の安全に関して、実施すべき査察の定められた年間最小回数及び最大回数は各々5及び10である。本協定発効後12箇月の満了の際、及び本条前項に規定された原子力の安全の査察に関係する定期的枠組み計画を確立する過程において、フランスの権限のある当局は査察の最小回数及び最大回数の改訂を提案することができる。
- As regards nuclear safety, the stated annual minimum and maximum number of inspections liable to be carried out is 5 and 10 respectively. Upon expiry of the twelve-month period following the entry into force of this Agreement, and in the process of establishing periodic framework programmes dealing with nuclear safety inspections referred to in paragraph 3 of the present article, competent French authorities may propose to revise the minimum and maximum number of inspections.
- 五年間の予測の枠内で、イーター機構が役務又はこの協定により提供される役務を入札によって調達することを決めた場合、接受機構は他の企業や組織と同じ条件で評価するための応札を行う権利を有する。イーター機構が関連する役務のために接受機構を選択した場合、提供条件及び料金は、入札過程及び結果としての契約の条件に従う。
- Where the ITER Organization decides, within the frame of the five year forecast, to procure any service or services provided for by this Agreement by means of a call for tender, the Host Organization shall have the right to submit a tender for evaluation on the same basis as any other company or organization. In the event that the ITER Organization selects the Host Organization for the service concerned then the conditions of supply and the charges shall be in accordance with the terms established through the tender process and resultant contract.
- このため、『歴名土代』とは元々は「歴名」のうち「補任」(あるいはこれを元にした『公卿補任』)などの他の記録と重複する公卿などの記述を省いて、予め四位・五位の叙位が予定されている人名を列記し、実際の叙位が行われた後に「歴名」を参考にして日付などが追記され、更に校合の過程で一部の整理がなされたと考えられている。
- Therefore, 'Ryakumyo dodai' is considered to have originally listed the names of persons who were scheduled to be conferred a court rank of Shii and Goi and added dates etc. with the help of 'Ryakumyo' after the conferment of actual court rank and also organized parts of them in the process of collating, except for the descriptions of court nobles which overlapped other records such as 'Bunin' (or Kugyobunin based on this) among 'Ryakumyo.'
- ITERプロジェクトは、共同実施協定に署名された後、3つの段階より成る。即ち、建設段階、運転段階と廃止段階である。許認可の過程も含めて建設には約10年を要するだろう。20年に及ぶITERの運転が、プロジェクトの目標を達成するために想定されている。また、廃止段階は、除染と、清浄作業、冷却と分解、廃棄から成る。
- The ITER project, after the signing of Joint Implementation Agreement will consist of three phases; construction phase, operation phase and decommissioning phase. It will take about ten years for construction including licensing procedure. Twenty years of ITER operation are envisaged to achieve the project goal. The decommissioning phase comprises, de-activation and clean-up, cooling-down, as well as dismantling and disposal.
- 基準年を1990年に設定したのはロシアの批准を促すことなどにも配慮されたという国際政治の現場にありがちな話を指摘する向きや、「産業界を中心に世界有数の環境対策を施してきた日本が6%もの高水準を求められている」といった論調により、「この議定書が締結・発効に至る過程で政治的に歪められている」とする意見が散見される。
- An opinion saying 'the Protocol was politically biased in the process of ratification and effectuation' is heard here and there along with the following views: setting 1990 as the reference year was to give time to Russia for ratification, which is quite a political consideration; Japan has implemented world's leading environmental measures particularly in the industry, but is required for a high reduction level of 6%.
- 上に述べた解答にいたる議論の概略を述べる過程で、いうなれば、なにか明晰さが確立され、そうすることで、結論に同意しない人たちが、この論文から、少なくとも、問題についても、それにこの問題についての論争がいつもきまりきって破壊工作を受けてしまうその筋道のいくつかについても、明確な理解を引き出して欲しいと期待している。
- In the process of outlining an argument for the above answer, this paper hopes to establish, as I say, some clarity, so that those who do not agree with the conclusions will at least take away from the paper a clearer understanding of the problem and of some of the ways in which debates on this issue are routinely sabotaged.
- この法律は、処分、行政指導及び届出に関する手続並びに命令等を定める手続に関し、共通する事項を定めることによって、行政運営における公正の確保と透明性(行政上の意思決定について、その内容及び過程が国民にとって明らかであることをいう。第四十六条において同じ。)の向上を図り、もって国民の権利利益の保護に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, by providing for common rules concerning procedures for dispositions, administrative guidance and notifications, and procedure for establishing 'Administrative Orders, etc', to seek to advance a guarantee of fairness and progress towards transparency (here meaning, that there be clarity in the public understanding of the contents and processes of administrative determinations; the same shall apply in Article 46.) in administrative operations, and thereby to promote the protection of the rights and interests of citizens.
- 近世においては後醍醐天皇を不徳の君であるとする評価が定着し、徳川光圀によって編纂が開始された『大日本史』においては南朝を正統とする立場から後醍醐天皇を不徳とする認識が見られ、江戸時代には新井白石が『読史余論』において、王朝政治における累代の天皇の失徳が武家政権成立の過程であるとする歴史観の中で、後醍醐天皇をその末尾に位置付けている。
- In those days, the evaluation that Emperor Go-Daigo was an illegitimate sovereign was firmly established, and in Dai Nihonshi, which Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA began to compile, there is a section recognizing that Emperor Go-Daigo was illegitimate based on the foundation that the Southern Court was legitimate. In Tokushi Yoron, the author, Hakuseki ARAI, placed Emperor Go-Daigo at the end of his list of responsible emperors, based on his historical view that the accumulated immorality of successive emperors lead to the appearance of samurai government.
- 石母田の考えは日本史学に大きな影響力を与え、在地領主と武家政権(鎌倉幕府・室町幕府)成立史を結びつける研究や在地領主の形成と解体の過程を平安時代後期から戦国時代 (日本)に探る動きなどの動きが見られ、反対に石母田説への批判論(在地領主を奴隷制支配者と捉える説や荘園領主の被官に過ぎないとする説などの「非領主論説」)も含めた活発な議論が行われた。
- Ishimoda's idea, which had a big impact on the study of Japanese history, gave rise to much active research and discussion, including studies that related local lords with the formation of military governments (the Kamakura bakufu and the Muromachi bakufu), efforts to trace the process of rise and decline of local lords from the late Heian Period to the Sengoku period, as well as criticisms against the Ishimoda theory (which defined the local lord as a slave master, as well the 'non-lord theory,' which argued that the local lord was a mere officer in charge under the lord of the manor).
- 法第四十八条第一項に規定する政令で定める食品及び添加物は、全粉乳(その容量が千四百グラム以下である缶に収められるものに限る。)、加糖粉乳、調製粉乳、食肉製品、魚肉ハム、魚肉ソーセージ、放射線照射食品、食用油脂(脱色又は脱臭の過程を経て製造されるものに限る。)、マーガリン、シヨートニング及び添加物(法第十一条第一項の規定により規格が定められたものに限る。)とする。
- Food and additives specified by a Cabinet Order provided in Article 48, paragraph (1) of the Act shall be whole milk powder (limited to what may be put into a can whose capacity is 1,400 grams or less), sweetened milk powder, modified milk powder, processed meat products, fish meat sausage, irradiated food, edible fat and oil (limited to what is produced through a process of bleaching or deodorization), margarine, shortening, and additives (limited to those for which standards have been established pursuant to the provisions of Article 11, paragraph (1) of the Act).
- 乳製品、第十条の規定により厚生労働大臣が定めた添加物その他製造又は加工の過程において特に衛生上の考慮を必要とする食品又は添加物であつて政令で定めるものの製造又は加工を行う営業者は、その製造又は加工を衛生的に管理させるため、その施設ごとに、専任の食品衛生管理者を置かなければならない。ただし、営業者が自ら食品衛生管理者となつて管理する施設については、この限りでない。
- A business person who produces or processes dairy products, additives specified by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare pursuant to the provisions of Article 10, or other food or additives requiring special consideration with regard to sanitation in the process of production or processing and which are specified by a Cabinet Order shall place a full-time food sanitation supervisor for each facility to have him/her supervise the production or processing in a sanitary manner; provided, however, that this shall not apply to facilities which the business person supervises as a food sanitation supervisor by himself/herself.
- 国及び地方公共団体は、犯罪被害者等の保護、その被害に係る刑事事件の捜査又は公判等の過程において、名誉又は生活の平穏その他犯罪被害者等の人権に十分な配慮がなされ、犯罪被害者等の負担が軽減されるよう、犯罪被害者等の心身の状況、その置かれている環境等に関する理解を深めるための訓練及び啓発、専門的知識又は技能を有する職員の配置、必要な施設の整備等必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State and Local governments shall take such necessary measures as training and enlightening people to deeply understand Crime Victims' mental and physical conditions and their surroundings, deploying staff with expertise and skills, and developing necessary facilities, so that people may pay sufficient consideration to the honor, peace in life and other human rights of Crime Victims, to alleviate their burdens in the process of their protection, investigation and trial of the criminal case concerning the harm.
- 学校その他の教育機関(営利を目的として設置されているものを除く。)において教育を担任する者及び授業を受ける者は、その授業の過程における使用に供することを目的とする場合には、必要と認められる限度において、公表された著作物を複製することができる。ただし、当該著作物の種類及び用途並びにその複製の部数及び態様に照らし著作権者の利益を不当に害することとなる場合は、この限りでない。
- A person who teaches a lesson, and those who receive the lesson, in a school or other educational institutions (excluding, however, those institutions established for profit-making purposes) may, if and to the extent deemed necessary for use in the course of the lesson, reproduce a work already made public; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not apply in the case where such reproduction is likely to unreasonably prejudice the interests of the copyright holder in light of the type and the usage of the work as well as the number of copies and the manner of reproduction.
- 一種の人質であり、豪族が服属したことを示したものと考える説が有力だが、延喜17年(917年)の太政官符に、出雲国造が「神宮采女」と称して妾を蓄えることを禁止しつつも神道祭祀に必要な場合には1名に限り認める内容のものがあることを根拠に、地方の祭祀を天皇家が吸収統合していく過程で成立した制度で、祭祀においては妾と同一視され後述のとおり子供が出来る行為を伴ったと推測した説もある。
- While the most likely opinion has it that powerful regional clans offered their daughters as a kind of hostage to show their subjugation to the emperor, there is another opinion based on the official document from Daijokan in 917, which forbade Izumo no Kuninomiyatsuko to have a mistress under the pretext of 'Jingu Uneme' except for one Uneme for shinto religious services as required, that Uneme was supposedly a system established in the process of integration of regional religious services by the Imperial family, and that Uneme was identified with the mistress in the religious service, implying the conduct of making Uneme pregnant as mentioned later.
- 刑事施設の長は、第百二十七条の規定による検査の結果、受刑者が発受する信書について、その全部又は一部が次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合には、その発受を差し止め、又はその該当箇所を削除し、若しくは抹消することができる。同条第二項各号に掲げる信書について、これらの信書に該当することを確認する過程においてその全部又は一部が次の各号のいずれかに該当することが判明した場合も、同様とする。
- In cases where it is found, as the result of the examination pursuant to the provision of Article 127, that all or a part of a letter a sentenced person sends or receives falls under the cases set out under the following items, the warden of the penal institution may suppress the sending or receiving, or remove or erase the said part of the letter. The same shall apply where all or a part of the letter listed in paragraph (2) of said Article is found, in the course of ascertaining that the letter falls under the cases set out under the items thereunder, to fall under the cases set out under the following items:
- 本書を作る過程で池田亀鑑が購入した源氏物語の写本をはじめとする『伊勢物語』、『土佐日記』等の王朝文学に関する様々な資料は、1956年(昭和31年)12月の同人の没後もしばらくの間同人の私邸において亀鑑の次男である池田研二らによって生前に利用されていたほぼそのままの状態で保存管理されていた(同人の住居に付随してコンクリート二階建の書庫があり、そこで整然と保存されていたとされている)。
- After the death of Kikan IKEDA in December, 1956, various materials concerning Heian literature such as the manuscripts for The Tale of Genji, 'Ise monogatari' (The Tales of Ise), 'Tosa Nikki' (Tosa Diary), and so on which he purchased in the process of making this book were preserved and looked after in almost the same condition as he used in his lifetime by Kikan's second son, Kenji IKEDA and others at Kikan's private residence for a while (it is said that there was a two-story concrete library adjoined his residence, and the books were preserved in order).
- 留置業務管理者は、第二百二十二条の規定による検査の結果、被留置者が発受する信書について、その全部又は一部が次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合には、その発受を差し止め、又はその該当箇所を削除し、若しくは抹消することができる。同条第三項各号に掲げる信書について、これらの信書に該当することを確認する過程においてその全部又は一部が次の各号のいずれかに該当することが判明した場合も、同様とする。
- In cases where it is found, as the result of the examination pursuant to the provision of Article 222, that all or a part of a letter a detainee sends or receives falls under the cases set out under the following items, the detention services manager may suppress the sending or receiving, or remove or erase the said part of the letter. The same shall apply where all or a part of the letter listed in the items under paragraph (3) of said Article is found, in the course of ascertaining that the letter falls under the cases set out under the items thereunder, to fall under the cases set out under the following items:
- 海上保安留置業務管理者は、前条の規定による検査の結果、海上保安被留置者が発受する信書について、その全部又は一部が次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合には、その発受を差し止め、又はその該当箇所を削除し、若しくは抹消することができる。同条第三項各号に掲げる信書について、これらの信書に該当することを確認する過程においてその全部又は一部が次の各号のいずれかに該当することが判明した場合も、同様とする。
- In cases where it is found, as the result of the examination pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article, that all or a part of a letter a coast guard detainee sends or receives falls under the cases set out under the following items, the coast guard detention services manager may suppress the sending or receiving, or remove or erase the said part of the letter. The same shall apply where all or a part of the letter listed in the items under paragraph (3) of said Article is found, in the course of ascertaining that the letter falls under the cases set out under the items thereunder, to fall under the cases set out under the following items:
- 国鉄C62形蒸気機関車は1954年に東海道本線木曽川橋梁上で129km/hという「狭軌鉄道における蒸気機関車の速度記録」を樹立したが、この記録はピン結合トラスと呼ばれる古いタイプのトラス橋が来るべき電車時代に高速運転に耐え得るか否かを調査する目的で行われた、一連の速度試験の過程より得られたもので、さまざまな制約からC62形単機での試験が実施されるという、特殊な状況下で成立したものであった。
- In 1954 a JNR C62 steam locomotive ran on Kisogawa Bridge on the Tokaido trunk line at a speed of 129 km/h, which was 'a speed record of steam locomotives on the narrow gauge railroad,' however, this record was made in the process of a series of speed tests to see if an old-type truss bridge called a pin jointed truss could stand high-speed driving in the coming age of electric trains under an atypical situation that the tests were performed on the C62 steam locomotive alone from various limitations.
- 戦国大名としての徳川氏にも右筆は存在したと考えられるが、徳川家康の三河国時代の右筆は家康の勢力拡大と天下掌握の過程で奉行・代官などの行政職や譜代大名などに採用されたために、江戸幕府成立時に採用されていた右筆は多くは旧室町幕府奉行衆の子弟(曾我尚祐)や関ヶ原の戦いで東軍を支持した豊臣政権の右筆衆(大橋重保)、関東地方平定時に家康に仕えた旧後北条氏の右筆(久保正俊)などであったと考えられている。
- Although Yuhitsu existed in the Tokugawa clan as a warring lord, because those Yuhitsu who were working for Ieyasu TOKUGAWA when he was in Mikawa Province were appointed to administrative posts, such as Bugyo or Daikan, or Fudai Daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) as Ieyasu expanded his influence and subdued various regions to unify Japan, it is thought that many of them who were hired as Yuhitsu when the Edo Bakuhu was established were the children of the Bugyo-shu belonged to the former Muromachi Bakuhu (Naosuke SOGA), the Yuhitsu-shu of the Toyotomi government (Shigeyasu OHASHI), supported the 'eastern' army at the Battle of Sekigahara, and the Yuhitsu of the former Gohojo clan, served Ieyasu when he subdued Kanto region.
- 国内機関又は団体を通じて行動する加盟者は、この協定の実施の過程において知的財産を生み出す場合には、公的な支援を得た核融合の研究開発に関する計画のため、平等及び無差別の原則に基づき、生み出された知的財産の取消し不能な、非排他的な、かつ、無償の実施権を他の加盟者及びイーター機構に許諾する。当該実施権は、イーター機構及び他の加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利(他の加盟者については、それぞれの領域内に限り。)を伴う。
- Any Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, which has generated Intellectual Property in the course of execution of this Agreement shall grant on an equal and non-discriminatory basis an irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free license to such Generated Intellectual Property to other Members and the ITER Organization, with the right of the ITER Organization to sub-license, and the right of the other Members to sub-license within their respective territory, for the purposes of publicly sponsored fusion research and development programmes.
- 人件費に加えて、建設期間中に幾つかのR&Dが未だ必要となるだろう。例えば、全ての加熱電流駆動方式のR&Dは高い優先順位のもとで実施する必要がある。EDAはITERを実施するための設計上の原則に資するものであるが、コンポーネントの製作過程での、工程の改善や設計の変更、あるいは予期せぬ困難さのために、新たな試験が要求されるかもしれない。従って、建設期間中そのための経費として60-80 kIUAを 計上している。
- In addition to personnel costs, some R&D during construction will still be necessary. For instance, R&D for all heating and current drive methods is required with high priority. Although the EDA has provided the principle qualification of design solutions to be implemented in ITER, during the manufacturing of components, proposed process improvements and design changes or unexpected difficulties could require new tests. It is therefore prudent to expect a spending in R&D of 60-80 kIUA during ITER construction.
- 検察官又は司法警察員は、前二項の規定により収集すべき証拠が業務書類等(業務を遂行する過程において作成され、又は保管される書類その他の物をいう。以下この項において同じ。)である場合において、当該業務書類等の作成又は保管の状況に関する事項の証明に係る共助の要請があるときは、作成者、保管者その他の当該業務書類等の作成又は保管の状況に係る業務上の知識を有すると認める者に対し、当該要請に係る事項についての証明書の提出を求めることができる。
- A public prosecutor or a judicial police officer may, when the evidence to be collected pursuant to the preceding two paragraphs is a business document or item (hereinafter in this paragraph refers to a document or any other item that is prepared or retained in the course of business) and a request for assistance in certification regarding the manner of preparation and retention of such business document or item has been made, request the person who has prepared or retained such business document or item, or any other person who is deemed to have professional knowledge regarding its preparation or retention, to submit a certificate of the matters asked for in the request.
- また、この説は大政奉還路線と武力倒幕路線の対立を必要以上に強調しすぎたきらいがあり、両者は相容れない路線ではなかったとする学説 家近良樹『幕末政治と倒幕運動』(吉川弘文館、1995年)・高橋秀直「「公議政体派」と薩摩倒幕派-王政復古クーデター再考-」(『京都大学文学部研究紀要』41、2002年)・佐々木克『幕末政治と薩摩藩』(吉川弘文館、2004年)・井上勲「大政奉還運動の形成過程(一)」(『史学雑誌』81-11、1972年)などが参考になる。
- And also there are some argues that this theory emphasizes too much the conflict between Taisei-hokan policy and violent overthrow of the Shogunate policy, which is also another theory and points out that the both policies are not so much contradicting: 'Politics in the end of Edo era and Movement of overthrow of the Shogunate' by Yoshiki IECHIKA (Yoshikawa kobunkan, 1995), 'Supporters for Politics by Congress and Supporters for Overthrow of the Shogunate by Satsuma - Review on Imperial Rule Restoration Coup d'etat -' by Hidenao TAKAHASHI ('Kyoto University, Faculty of Letters, Research Report' 41, 2002), 'Politics in the End of Edo Era and Satsuma Clan' by Suguru SASAKI (Yoshikawa kobunkan, 2004), and 'Formation Process of Taisei-hokan Movement (1)' by Isao INOUE ('Shigaku zasshi' 81-11, 1972).
- この過程で、振動を抑制し、乗り心地改善と高速運転に資する「カルダン駆動方式」と高速対応の新型台車、床面シャーシだけでなく側板や天井にも応力を分散させた「全金属製軽量車体」、全車両にモーターを搭載して加速力を高める「全電動車方式」、反応速度が速い上に取り扱いが容易な「電磁直通ブレーキ機構」、制御装置1台を2両の電動車で共用して軽量化やコストダウンを実現する「1C8M方式(MMユニット方式)」など、それ以前の電車とは一線を画する重要な革新的技術が、1953年からわずか数年の間に実用化されて普及した。
- In this process, important innovative technologies, clearly different from those in previous train-cars, as described in the following, came to be practically used only during several years from 1953: The new train-car base supporting high-speeds in addition to 'the Cardan driving method,' which enabled the suppression of vibration and contributed to making passengers feel more comfortable and to enabling high-speed operations, 'all-metal light body train-cars,' which enabled stress to be distributed to side plates and ceilings as well as floor chassis, 'the method of electrifying every train-car,' in which every train-car was equipped with an electric motor to increase acceleration performances, 'the electromagnetic straight brake mechanism,' which provided quick response abilities and allowed it to be handled easily, and 'the 1C8M method (MM unit method),' in which a control unit was shared by two electric power train-cars, contributing to reducing cost and to making the car bodies lighter.
- 公表された著作物については、前項の教育機関における授業の過程において、当該授業を直接受ける者に対して当該著作物をその原作品若しくは複製物を提供し、若しくは提示して利用する場合又は当該著作物を第三十八条第一項の規定により上演し、演奏し、上映し、若しくは口述して利用する場合には、当該授業が行われる場所以外の場所において当該授業を同時に受ける者に対して公衆送信(自動公衆送信の場合にあつては、送信可能化を含む。)を行うことができる。ただし、当該著作物の種類及び用途並びに当該公衆送信の態様に照らし著作権者の利益を不当に害することとなる場合は、この限りでない。
- When, in the course of a lesson at an educational institution set forth in the preceding paragraph, exploiting a work already made public, by offering or presenting the original or reproductions of such work to those who directly take lessons, or by performing, presenting or reciting it pursuant to the provisions of Article 38, paragraph (1), it shall be permissible to make public transmissions of such work (including, in the case of an automatic public transmission, making such work transmittable) for reception by those who are receiving the same lesson at the same time but at a location other than where such lesson is being given; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not apply in the case where such public transmission is likely to unreasonably prejudice the interests of the copyright holder in light of the type and the usage of the work as well as the manner of the public transmission.
- 第一種指定化学物質等取扱事業者は、その事業活動に伴う第一種指定化学物質の排出量(第一種指定化学物質等の製造、使用その他の取扱いの過程において変動する当該第一種指定化学物質の量に基づき算出する方法その他の主務省令で定める方法により当該事業所において環境に排出される第一種指定化学物質の量として算出する量をいう。次項及び第九条第一項において同じ。)及び移動量(その事業活動に係る廃棄物の処理を当該事業所の外において行うことに伴い当該事業所の外に移動する第一種指定化学物質の量として主務省令で定める方法により算出する量をいう。次項において同じ。)を主務省令で定めるところにより把握しなければならない。
- Pursuant to the provisions of an ordinance of the competent ministry, a Business Operator Handling a Class I Designated Chemical Substance, etc. shall confirm the release amount (meaning the amount calculated as the amount of Class I Designated Chemical Substance released into the environment at the relevant place of business by a calculation method based on the amount of change in the relevant Class I Designated Chemical Substance in the manufacture, use, or other handling of the Class I Designated Chemical Substance, etc. or by other method specified by an ordinance of the competent ministry; the same shall apply in the following paragraph and Article 9, paragraph 1) and the transfer amount (meaning the amount calculated by a method specified by an ordinance of the competent ministry as the amount of Class I Designated Chemical Substance transferred outside of the relevant place of business in conjunction with the disposal of waste in connection with the Business Operator Handling a Class I Designated Chemical Substance, etc.'s business activities outside of said place of business; the same shall apply in the following paragraph) of the Class I Designated Chemical Substance in conjunction with its business activities.
- イーター機構は、この協定の実施の過程において生み出された知的財産を開発し、又は取得する場合には、商業上の利用のため、平等、無差別及び非排他性の原則に基づき、当該生み出された知的財産の実施権を加盟者に許諾する。当該実施権は、当該加盟者の領域内にある第三者による商業上の利用のために当該加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。当該実施権の許諾に係る条件は、イーター機構が当該生み出された知的財産の実施権を第三者に許諾するときの条件よりも不利でないものとする。当該実施権の許諾については、そのような条件が提示される限り、拒否してはならない。当該実施権は、実施権者が契約上の義務を履行しなかい場合にのみ取り消すことができる。
- Generated Intellectual Property that has been developed or acquired by the ITER Organization in the course of execution of this Agreement shall be licensed to the Members on an equal, non-discriminatory, non-exclusive basis for commercial use, with the right to sub-license for such use by such Members’ own domestic third parties within such Members’ own territory on terms no less favorable than the basis upon which the ITER Organization licenses such Generated Intellectual Property to third parties. As long as such terms have been offered, such license shall not be denied. The above license may be revoked only in case the licensee does not fulfill its contractual obligations.
- イーター機構は、この協定の実施の過程において背景的な秘密の情報を含む背景的な知的財産を用いる場合には、核融合の商業上の利用のため、平等及び無差別の原則に基づいて非排他的な実施権を加盟者の利用に供するために最善の努力を払う。当該実施権は、当該加盟者の領域内にある第三者による核融合の商業上の利用のために当該加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。当該実施権の許諾に係る条件は、イーター機構が当該背景的な知的財産の実施権を第三者に許諾するときの条件よりも不利でないものとする。当該実施権の許諾については、そのような条件が提示される限り、拒否してはならない。当該実施権は、実施権者が契約上の義務を履行しない場合にのみ取り消すことができる。
- For Background Intellectual Property, including background confidential information, incorporated by the ITER Organization in the course of the execution of this Agreement, the ITER Organization shall use its best efforts to make available on an equal and non-discriminatory basis a non-exclusive license to the Members for commercial fusion use, with the right to sub-license for such use by such Members’ own domestic third parties within such Members’ own territory on terms no less favorable than the basis upon which the ITER Organization licenses such Background Intellectual Property to third parties. As long as such terms have been offered, such license shall not be denied. The above license may be revoked only in case the licensee does not fulfill its contractual obligations.
- 国内機関又は団体を通じて行動する加盟者は、この協定の実施の過程において知的財産を生む出す場合には、核融合の商業上の利用のため、平等及び無差別の原則に基づき、生み出された知的財産の非排他的な実施権を他の加盟者に利用可能にする。当該実施権は、当該他の加盟者の領域内にある第三者による核融合の商業上の利用のために当該他の加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。当該実施権の許諾に係る条件は、当該加盟者が自己の領域の内外の第三者に対して当該生み出された知的財産の実施権を許諾するときの条件よりも不利でないものとする。当該実施権の許諾については、そのような条件が提示される限り、拒否してはならない。当該実施権は、実施権者が契約上の義務を履行しない場合にのみ取り消すことができる。
- Any Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, which has generated Intellectual Property in the course of the execution of this Agreement shall make available on an equal and non-discriminatory basis a non-exclusive license to such Generated Intellectual Property to the other Members for commercial fusion use, with the right to sub-license for such use by such Members’ own domestic third parties within such Members’ own territory on terms no less favorable than the basis upon which such Member licenses such Generated Intellectual Property to third parties within or outside such Member’s own territory. As long as such terms have been offered such license shall not be denied. The above license may be revoked only in case the licensee does not fulfill its contractual obligations.
- 国内機関又は団体を通じて行動する加盟者は、この協定の実施の過程において背景的な秘密の情報を含む背景的な知的財産を用いる場合には、核融合の商業上の利用のため、他の加盟者が背景的な知的財産を用いた部品を妥当な条件で利用することができることを確保し、又は平等及び無差別の原則に基づいて非排他的な実施権を他の加盟者に許諾するために最善の努力を払う。当該実施権は、当該他の加盟者の領域内にある第三者による核融合の商業上の利用のために当該他の加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。当該実施権の許諾に係る条件は、当該加盟者が自己の領域の内外の第三者に対して当該背景的な知的財産の実施権を許諾するときの条件よりも不利でないものとする。当該実施権の許諾については、そのような条件が提示される限り、拒否してはならない。当該実施権は、当該実施権者が契約上の義務を履行しない場合にのみ取り消すことができる。
- Any Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, which has incorporated Background Intellectual Property, including background confidential information, in the execution of this Agreement shall use its best efforts to make sure that the component incorporating the Background Intellectual Property is available on reasonable terms and conditions, or use its best efforts to grant on an equal and non-discriminatory basis a non-exclusive license to the other Members for commercial fusion use, with the right to sub-license for such use by such Members’ own domestic third parties within such Members’ own territory, on terms no less favorable than the basis upon which such Member licenses such Background Intellectual Property to third parties within or outside such Member’s own territory. As long as such terms have been offered, such license shall not be denied. The above license may be revoked only in case the licensee does not fulfill its contractual obligations. Such Background Intellectual Property, if licensed by the owners to the Members, shall be licensed on an equal and non-discriminatory basis.