運動: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 運動時
- on exercise
- on motion
- 運動系
- motor system
- locomotor system
- 運動器
- locomotorium
- Human musculoskeletal system
- 運動量
- momentum
- kinetic momentum
- 運動領
- motor area
- motor region
- motor cortex
- 運動欄
- sports column
- sports section
- 民芸運動
- MINGEI (National Art) Movement
- 東遊運動
- The Dong Du Movement
- 運動制御
- motion control
- motor control
- 運動器官
- locomotive apparatus
- 眼球運動
- eye movement
- ocular movement
- oculomotor
- 並進運動
- translational motion
- 飲食運動
- endocytosis
- endocytose
- endocytotic
- endocytic
- 胃腸運動
- gastrointestinal motility
- 順運動学
- direct kinematics
- forward kinematics
- 運動異常
- dyskinesia
- dyskinesis
- 分節運動
- segmentation
- rhythmic segmentation
- 歩行運動
- locomotion
- ambulation
- locomotor
- gait
- 鞭毛運動
- flagellar movement
- flagellar motility
- 蠕動運動
- peristaltic movement
- 絨毛運動
- ciliary movement
- villous movement
- 運動過剰
- hypermotility
- hyperkinetic movement
- 運動終板
- motor endplate
- motor end-plate
- 運動亢進
- hyperkinesia
- hyperkinesis
- hyperactivity
- 運動前野
- premotor area
- premotor cortex
- 運動学的
- kinesiological
- kinematical
- 運動低下
- hypokinesia
- hypokinesis
- 協調運動
- coordinated movement
- 血管運動
- vasomotion
- vasomotor
- 運動麻痺
- palsy
- paralysis
- paresis
- motor paralysis
- 学生運動
- student movement
- Student activism
- Student protests
- 環境運動
- environmental movement
- 革命運動
- revolutionary movement
- 器械運動
- apparatus gymnastics
- gymnastics (esp. at school)
- exercise using gymnastics equipment
- 角運動量
- angular momentum (physics)
- 嫌煙運動
- anti-smoking campaign
- 啓蒙運動
- enlightenment movement
- the Enlightenment
- Age of Enlightenment
- 回転運動
- gyration
- rotational motion
- whirligig
- revolving movement
- rotary motion
- rotary movement
- 呼吸運動
- respiratory movement
- breathing exercise
- 解放運動
- emancipation movement
- freedom movement
- liberation movement
- 加速運動
- accelerated motion
- festination
- 護憲運動
- movement to defend the Constitution
- Goken Undo (Constitution protection movement)
- 準備運動
- warming (limbering) up
- warming-up exercises
- 住民運動
- neighborhood (protest) movement
- neighbourhood (protest) movement
- 運動の高揚
- Upsurge of the Movement
- 運動量輸送
- momentum transfer
- momentum transport
- 機械運動学
- kinematics of machinery
- 胃腸管運動
- gastrointestinal motility
- 総合運動場
- Soukouundoujou
- Sougouundoujou
- 東運動公園
- Higashi athletics park
- ぜん動運動
- peristaltic movement
- 生体運動学
- biomechanics
- biomechanical
- 補足運動野
- supplementary motor area
- SMA
- 渦無し運動
- irrotational motion
- 身体運動学
- biomechanics
- kinesiology
- biomechanical
- 運動亢進症
- hyperkinesia
- hyperkinesis
- 運動記録器
- kymography
- kymographic
- 視運動眼振
- optokinetic nystagmus
- 運動性試験
- mobility test
- motility test
- 運動量空間
- momentum space (quantum mechanics)
- 鉱毒反対運動
- Movement against Mining Pollution
- 閉寮反対運動
- The opposition movement against the closure of dormitory
- 廃仏毀釈運動
- Haibutsu-kishaku Movement (a movement to abolish Buddhism)
- 大同団結運動
- The movement to unite for a common purpose
- 地方改良運動
- Movement to Improve Rural Areas
- 円弧補間運動
- circular interpolation motion
- 運動機能検査
- motion ability test
- 名瀬運動公園
- Naze athletics park
- 本城運動公園
- Honjou athletics park
- 緑地運動公園
- Ryokuchi athletics park
- 北上運動公園
- Kitakami athletics park
- 平行運動機構
- parallel motion mechanism
- 休止運動機構
- dwell motion mechanism
- 直線運動機構
- straight-line motion mechanism
- 直進運動精度
- accuracy of linear motion
- 本宮運動公園
- Motomiya athletics park
- 並松運動公園
- Namimatsu athletics park
- 総合運動公園
- Sougou athletics park
- 大沼運動公園
- Oonuma athletics park
- 西方運動公園
- Nishikata athletics park
- 常総運動公園
- Jousou athletics park
- 西部運動公園
- Seibu athletics park
- 西崎運動公園
- Nishizaki athletics park
- 辰口運動公園
- Tatsunokuchi athletics park
- 八橋運動公園
- Yabase athletics park
- 浜中運動公園
- Hamanaka athletics park
- 浜川運動公園
- Hamagawa athletics park
- 八代運動公園
- Yatsushiro athletics park
- 長柄運動公園
- Nagara athletics park
- 中央運動公園
- Chuuou athletics park
- 中台運動公園
- Nakadai athletics park
- 中山運動公園
- Nakayama athletics park
- 朝倉運動公園
- Asakura athletics park
- 城山運動公園
- Shiroyama athletics park
- 自発運動活性
- spontaneous motor activity
- SMA
- locomotor activity
- 精神運動発作
- psychomotor seizure
- うずなし運動
- irrotational motion
- 運動の相似率
- kinematic similarity
- 運動学的相似
- kinematic similarity
- 運動学的解析
- kinematical analysis
- 運動負荷試験
- exercise tolerance test
- exercise test
- 急速眼球運動
- rapid eye movement
- REM
- rapid eye movements
- 城北運動公園
- Jouhoku athletics park
- 上尾運動公園
- Ageo athletics park
- 足尾町での運動
- Movement in Ashio-machi
- 運動のはじまり
- Beginning of the Movement
- 第二次護憲運動
- Second Movement to Protect Constitutional Government
- 仏教の革新運動
- Efforts to reform Buddhism
- 徳山藩再興運動
- Movements to restore the Tokuyama clan
- 会見県設置運動
- The movement to create Aimi Prefecture.
- 持続受動運動法
- continuous passive motion
- CPM
- 総合運動公園駅
- Sougou athletics park Station (st)
- 大谷津運動公園
- Ooyadu athletics park
- 瑞穂運動場西駅
- Mizuhoundoujounishi Station (st)
- Mizuho Undōjō Nishi Station
- 瑞穂運動場東駅
- Mizuhoundoujouhigashi Station (st)
- Mizuho Undōjō Higashi Station
- 大沢野運動公園
- Oosawano athletics park
- 日本平運動公園
- Nihondaira athletics park
- 天竜川運動公園
- Tenryuugawa athletics park
- 渡良瀬運動公園
- Watarase athletics park
- 竹ヶ端運動公園
- Takegahata athletics park
- 中部電力運動場
- Chuubudenryokuundoujou
- 朝日総合運動場
- Asahisougouundoujou
- 電気筋運動記録
- electromyographic
- 自覚的運動強度
- rating of perceived exertion
- 精神運動性激越
- psychomotor agitation
- 衝動性眼球運動
- saccadic eye movement
- 安部族造山運動
- Abean orogenic movement
- 気体分子運動論
- kinetic theory of gases
- 大同団結運動以後
- After the Daido Danketsu (Great Merger) Movement
- 攘夷運動の代表例
- Examples of the Joi movement (the movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners)
- 南都仏教復興運動
- Efforts towards a religious revival of Southern capital (i.e., Nara) Buddhism
- 学内外の支援運動
- Support from within and outside the university
- 三大事件建白運動
- Campaign of the three biggest petitions
- 運動量モーメント
- moment of momentum
- 角運動量の保存則
- conservation law of angular momentum
- 野幌総合運動公園
- Nopporosougou athletics park
- 鳴門総合運動公園
- Narutosougou athletics park
- 前橋総合運動公園
- Maebashisougou Park
- 大石総合運動公園
- Ooishisougou athletics park
- 榛原総合運動公園
- Haibarasougou athletics park
- 神戸総合運動公園
- Koubesougou athletics park
- 布勢総合運動公園
- Fusesougou athletics park
- 丹波自然運動公園
- Tanbashizen' athletics park
- Tanba Shizen Undo Koen Park (Tanba Nature Exercise Park)
- 長根総合運動公園
- Naganesougou athletics park
- アルプス造山運動
- Alpine orogeny
- Alps orogenic movement
- ドイツ型構造運動
- germanotype tectonics
- 運動量保存の法則
- law of conservation of momentum
- theorem of conservation of momentum
- 第一次憲政擁護運動
- The first Kensei Yogo Undo (the first Campaign for defending constitutionalism)
- 第二次憲政擁護運動
- The second Kensei Yogo Undo (the second campaign for defending constitutionalism)
- 大正期新興美術運動
- New art movements in the Taisho period
- 公武合体運動の挫折
- The collapse of Kobu Gattai (Union of Court and Camp) movement
- タンクトレッド運動
- tank tread motion
- 生体の運動システム
- locomotive organ system
- 帯広の森運動施設区
- Obihironomoriundoushisetsuku
- 西京極総合運動公園
- Nishikyougokusougou athletics park
- 東京大学総合運動場
- Toukyoudaigakusougouundoujou
- 二子玉川緑地運動場
- Futakotamagawaryokuchiundoujou
- ヘルシニア造山運動
- Hercynian orogeny
- バリスカン造山運動
- Variscan orogeny
- アパラチア造山運動
- Appalachian orogeny
- アルプス型構造運動
- alpinotype tectonics
- ゲルマン型構造運動
- germanotype tectonics
- カレドニア造山運動
- Caledonian orogeny
- 下位運動ニューロン
- lower motor neuron
- lower motoneuron
- 角運動量保存の法則
- law of conservation of angular momentum
- 戦中から東西分離運動
- Wartime movement to separate east and west
- 後醍醐天皇の倒幕運動
- Emperor Godaigo's Movement to Overthrow the Bakufu
- 自由民権運動と御誓文
- The Freedom and People's Rights Movement and Charter Oath
- 討幕運動に邁進した。
- He strove for the anti-shogunate movement.
- 自由民権運動への参加
- Participation in Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right)
- 運動方程式の自動生成
- automatic generation of equations of motion
- 全米大学運動選手協会
- National Association of Intercollegiate Athletes
- オイラーの運動方程式
- Euler's equation of motion
- Euler's equations (rigid body dynamics)
- グリーンタフ造山運動
- Green Tuff orogenic movement
- 後年の金鵄勲章復権運動
- Efforts in later years to reinstate the Order of the Golden Kite
- 福富節男(反戦運動家)
- Setsuo FUKUTOMI (Anti-war activist)
- 関ヶ原の戦いと倒幕運動
- The Battle of Sekigahara and the Tobaku movement
- ユネスコ世界寺子屋運動
- UNESCO World Terakoya Movement
- これを洋務運動という。
- Such activities were called yomu undo (Western Affair Movement).
- ニュートンの運動方程式
- Newton's equation of motion
- 毛細血管拡張性運動失調
- ataxia telangiectasia
- アイソスタティック運動
- isostatic movement
- - 三・一独立運動始まる
- Start of the March First Movement
- 第一次憲政擁護運動の意義
- The significance of the first Kensei Yogo Undo
- この頃に勤皇運動に傾倒。
- At that time, he started to devote himself towards the pro-Imperial movement.
- 「復古運動提唱」について
- Advocating Reversionism'
- 第二次憲政擁護運動の意義
- The significance of the second Kensei Yogo Undo
- ラグランジュの運動方程式
- Lagrange's equation of motion
- Lagrange's equations of motion
- Lagrange equation of motion
- 千葉工業大学茜浜運動施設
- Chibakougyoudaigakuakanehamaundoushisetsu
- ラグランジェの運動方程式
- Lagrange's equations of motion
- 新劇運動の先駆けとなった。
- He was a pioneer in the shingeki (literary, new play) movement.
- 嗣孫は新劇運動の土方与志。
- One of his grandchildren was Yoshi HIJIKATA involved in Shingeki Undo (the movement of New Play).
- プラントルの運動量輸送理論
- Prandtl's momentum transfer theory
- アーツ・アンド・クラフツ運動
- Arts and Crafts Movement
- アメリカンクラフト運動の父。
- A father of the American craft movement.
- これらの運動を後南朝という。
- This activity is called the second Southern Dynasty.
- 第二次憲政擁護運動の背景と発端
- The background of the second Kensei Yogo Undo and the prologue to it
- 第一次憲政擁護運動の背景と発端
- The background of the first Kensei Yogo Undo and the prologue to it
- 『じょう』の表記についての運動
- Campaign concerning the description of 'じょう'
- 白川党の宗門改革運動を始める。
- He founded the Shirakawa Party to push for reform of the sect.
- 自己分泌型細胞運動刺激因子受容体
- autocrine motility factor receptor
- AMF receptor
- こうして東遊運動は終焉を迎えた。
- This brought the Dong Du Movement to an end.
- いわゆる第二次憲政擁護運動である。
- This is the so-called second Kensei Yogo Undo.
- 「新興俳句運動」の指導者的な存在。
- He was a leader of 'Shinko Haiku Undo' (Movement of Emerging Haiku Poem).
- 倒幕運動に参加し、武力倒幕を主張。
- Itagaki took part in the anti-Shogunate movement, insisting on overthrowing the Shogunate with military power.
- 自己分泌型細胞運動刺激因子レセプター
- autocrine motility factor receptor
- 皇民化運動(1937年-1945年)
- Kominka (Subjects of the Emperor) movement (1937 - 1945)
- 公武合体論、公武合体運動、公武一和。
- It is also known as Kobu gattai theory, Kobu gattai Movement, and Kobuichiwa.
- 自由民権運動の主導者として知られる。
- He was famous as a leader of the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Rights).
- 自由民権運動とも深く結びついていた。
- The movement was closely associated with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- 独立運動の監視体制はむしろ強化された。
- The surveillance system against the independence movement was more strengthened.
- 大正2年(1913年):第一次護憲運動
- 1913: The first constitution protection movement
- 後醍醐天皇の討幕運動は遂に成功を見た。
- Emperor Godaigo's anti-bakufu movement had succeeded after all.
- 1886年『地震とその他の地球の運動』
- 1886: 'Earthquake and other Earth Movements'
- 自由民権運動の端緒となった文書である。
- It was a written document which triggered the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Rights).
- 事件後鉱毒反対運動が下火になりました。
- The movement against the copper poisoning died down after the Kawamata Incident.
- こうして倒幕運動は鎮圧されたかに見えた。
- The anti-bakufu movement seemed to be suppressed in this way.
- 第一次護憲運動が興ると、政界に復帰した。
- He returned to the political world when the first Constitution protection movement broke out.
- しかし過激な尊王攘夷運動には反対だった。
- However, he was against radical Sonno Joi Movement (the Movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).
- 府県会は自由民権運動の舞台の一つとなった。
- Fuken-kai became a stage for Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- これを廓清運動(かくせいうんどう)と呼ぶ。
- This was called Kakusei undo (a clean-up campaign).
- 次いで桂新党運動に参加・立憲同志会を結成。
- He then took part in the movement for Katsura New Party, and established Rikken Doshikai (Constitutional Association of Friends).
- 薩長同盟と討幕運動(1864年~1866年)
- The Satsuma-Choshu Alliance and anti-shogunate movement (1864 – 1866)
- 著書「地震とその他の地球の運動」を出版する。
- He published a book titled 'Earthquake and Other Earth Movements.'
- 維新後は攘夷思想を改め自由民権運動にも参加。
- After the Meiji Restoration, he gave up his position on the expulsion of foreigners, and joined the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- After the Meiji Restoration, Masuda gave up the thought of expulsion of foreigners and joined Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- 昭和30年代になると前衛短歌運動がおこった。
- During the late 1950's and early 1960's, the avant-garde movement for tanka poetry begins.
- 幕末の尊皇攘夷運動や勤王に大きな影響を与えた。
- The book greatly influenced the 'Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians' movement and loyalty to the Emperor in the end of Edo period.
- この後この地で再び鉱毒反対運動がさかんになる。
- After that, the movement against the mining pollution became active in the area again.
- 幕末の尊皇攘夷運動は陽明学に影響を受けている。
- The Sonno Joi (Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians) movement of the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate was influenced by Yomeigaku.
- 太田竜(政治運動家・「週刊日本新聞」編輯主幹)
- Ryu OTA (Pollitical activist, editor-in-chief of 'Shukan Nihon Shinbun')
- これとは別に三木睦子らによる保存運動もあった。
- Aside from this, there were some the preservation movements, one of which was led by Mutsuko MIKI.
- しかしその後の自由民権運動には参加しなかった。
- However, he did not participate in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement after this.
- 1875年:漢方医存続の運動が展開され始める。
- 1875: The movement for the continuance of Kampo doctors started.
- これにより、運動は全国民的なものとなっていった。
- Thus, the movement had spread to the whole country.
- 一般市民の屋外での激しい運動を自粛するよう勧告。
- It is urged that the general public should avoid doing strenuous sports outdoors.
- この頃から中岡と共に薩長同盟への運動を開始する。
- At around that time Ryoma together with NAKAOKA started working on the achievement for Satsuma-Choshu Alliance.
- この政変が士族反乱や自由民権運動の発端ともなった。
- Also, this political changes caused the Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) and Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- なお、尊王攘夷運動の政治的主張にも取り入れられた。
- In addition, this idea was brought into the political insistence of the Sonno-joi movement (the movement advocating reverence for an emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).
- 北陵総合センター ロッジ・運動場・体育館などがある
- Hokuryo Community Center: Lodges, athletic field and gym are located here.
- 妻・豊子は自由民権運動の活動家で小説家の清水紫琴。
- His wife Toyoko was an activist of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and a novelist whose pen name was Shikin SHIMIZU.
- ―「農民文学運動」に端を発し、農村に関して詠んだ歌
- Poems originating from the 'peasant literature movement' and based on rural communities.
- 御家再興運動では大石の参謀として働いた者たちだった。
- They worked for Oishi when trying for the restoration of the Asano clan.
- 自然主義文学の運動も、その普及に一役買ったのである。
- A movement of Japanese naturalism literature played a part in its popularization.
- 足尾鉱毒事件では田中正造を助け、農民救済運動に奔走。
- In the Ashio Copper Mine Mineral Pollution Incident, he supported Shozo TANAKA and devoted effort to relief work for the peasants.
- 文久2年(1862年)頃から尊王攘夷運動に参加する。
- Since 1862 he had joined Sonno Joi Movement (the Movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).
- これによって政友会は倒閣運動における主導権を失った。
- Thereby the Seiyukai Party lost its leadership in the campaign to oust the KIYOURA cabinet.
- 古文辞とは、明代の中国で提唱された復古的な文学運動。
- 'Kobunji' is the restoration of literature advocated during the Ming Dynasty in China.
- 後期の抗日運動の中で大規模なものとして霧社事件がある。
- Wushe Incident was one of the biggest anti-Japanese movements in the late stage.
- 確かに日本の婦人運動は、戦争の激化により一時中断した。
- In fact, Japan's women's movement had been interrupted by the intensification of the war.
- 多くは尊皇攘夷の思想を持って政治運動を行った者を指す。
- The term was frequently used for the political activists who held to ideal of 'Sonno-joi (Reverence of the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners)'.
- このことが、中国や朝鮮における反日運動の元ともなった。
- It caused the anti-Japanese movement in Korea and China.
- 浮遊運動をする砂は風に乗って移動し、遠くまで到達する。
- The floating sand moves on the wind, reaching far away places.
- 父や弟と共に鎌倉幕府の討幕運動に参加して功績を挙げた。
- He joined the anti-shogunate movement with his father and younger brother, and rendered distinguished services.
- 興行界の刷新と演劇改良運動に熱心にかかわるようになる。
- He was fervently engaged in innovating the entertainment world and improving theatrical performances.
- 斉彬を信奉する精忠組に加入、尊王攘夷運動に身を投じる。
- He joined Seichugumi admiring Nariakira and threw himself into the Sonnou Joui movement (movement for revering the emperor and eliminating the foreigners).
- 世界連邦建設同盟(現、世界連邦運動協会)会長を務めた。
- He served as Chairman of the Confederation of the World Federation Establishment (presently World Federalist Movement of Japan).
- 岸田湘煙の女塾に入塾、自由民権運動の影響を受けて成長。
- She joined the workshop of Shoen KISHIDA and grew under the influence of liberal and democratic rights movements.
- しかし、反対運動がないところを通せば、利用客は少ない。
- However there would be few users if they laid railroad through the sites where any movement did not arise.
- 山田美妙らによる言文一致運動もこの時期に発生している。
- The Vernacular Movement headed by persons such as Bimyo YAMADA occurred around that time.
- 群馬県側の鉱毒被害および鉱毒反対運動については後述する。
- As for the mining pollution and the protest movement in Gunma Prefecture, see below.
- 田中正造はこのときの農民運動の中心人物として有名である。
- Shozo TANAKA is famous as the central figure of the farmers' movement at this time.
- なお、この時代、両水利組合が共同で行った運動も若干ある。
- By the way, those two unions sometimes took some actions together in that period.
- 憲政擁護運動(けんせいようごうんどう)とも呼ばれている。
- It is also called Kensei Yogo Undo (campaign for defending constitutionalism).
- しかし、その後も長沼村は長沼の民有化を目指し運動を展開。
- But, Naganuma village had carried on a movement aimed at privatization of Naganuma.
- 後醍醐天皇を中心とした勢力による鎌倉幕府討幕運動である。
- The movement was driven by the powers that had gathered together with Emperor Go-Daigo as the central figure.
- 王政復古後の薩摩藩、長州藩の討幕運動には賛成しなかった。
- After the Restoration of Imperial Rule, the Satsuma Domain and the Choshu Domain disagreed to the overthrow of the shogunate.
- これにより大名としての尼子氏再興運動は潰えることとなる。
- This collapsed the movement for revival of the Amago clan as a Japanese feudal lord.
- その後は公武合体運動を推進して二条斉敬らと共に活躍した。
- After that, he promoted Kobu Gattai (Union of Court and Camp) movement and was active with Nariyuki NIJO and others.
- 幕末は尊皇攘夷運動に傾倒し、明治維新後に内務官僚となる。
- He devoted himself to the movement of 'Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians' in the end of Edo Period and became an official of the Ministry of Home Affairs after the Meiji Restoration.
- 鉱毒反対運動は、現在の栃木県佐野市と藤岡町で盛んであった。
- The movement against the mining pollution became strong particularly in present Sano City and Fujioka-machi in Tochigi Prefecture.
- これに対し、田中正造はこの示談を行わないよう運動を行った。
- Against the composition, Shozo TANAKA held a demonstration to stop the victims.
- 自己の正義感に囚われて革命運動に呈する者も陽明学徒に多い。
- Those who, driven by a personal sense of justice, affiliated themselves with the revolutionary movement were mostly students of Yomeigaku.
- 元弘の乱後から足利尊氏に仕え、討幕運動などでも功を挙げた。
- He started to serve Takauji ASHIKAGA after the Genko War, and contributed to the anti-shogunate movement.
- 第十八世紀仏蘭西文化史・社会主義運動史 富山房, 1922
- Dai Juhachi Seiki Furansu Bunka-shi, Shakaishugi Undo-shi (History of French culture and Socialism Movement of the 18th Century), Fuzambo, 1922
- 国幹の略歴と医師資格制度・漢方復興運動の略史を以下に示す。
- The following is Kokkan's brief personal history and brief history of the Law of Doctor Licensing System and the Kampo Revival Movement.
- 更に土佐藩そのものを本格的に取り込むための運動を展開した。
- Furthermore, he continued to work to win over Tosa clan in earnest.
- たとえば、岡田啓介が中心となって東條内閣倒閣運動が行われた。
- For example, Keisuke OKADA played a key role in the fall of the TOJO Cabinet.
- 日比谷焼打事件でも示された民衆運動の力がついに政権を覆した。
- A popular movement, the power of which was once exercised in the Hibiya riots of 1905, eventually toppled the government in the Taisho Seihen.
- 直接福澤と会い、福澤も長沼村の利権回復運動に共鳴したという。
- It is said that he met face-to-face with FUKUZAWA, and FUKUZAWA also sympathized with the concession recovery movement by the Naganuma village.
- かな書道界でも「難波津会」の啓蒙運動が清新な息吹を注入した。
- Enlightening activities by 'Naniwazu-kai' brought fresh air to the kana calligraphic world.
- しかし、明治40年の大水害と大逆事件を契機に運動は萎縮する。
- However, the movement withered up on the damage of severe flood hit the region in 1907, and also on the suppression of the High Treason Incident.
- 百済復興運動で活躍した鬼室福信の縁者で、孫に鬼室美成がいる。
- He was a relative of Fukushin KISHITSU, who played an important role in the Baekje revival movement, and had a grandchild, 鬼室美成.
- そのため同法制定直後には早くも改正を求める請願運動が起こる。
- So immediately after the law was enacted, the petition movement asking for the amendment began.
- 勝・松平春嶽の運動で土佐藩主山内容堂から脱藩の罪を許される。
- Efforts made by KATSU and Shungaku MATSUDAIRA encouraged the lord of the Tosa clan, Yodo YAMAUCHI, to condone Ryoma's charge of fleeing from the Tosa clan.
- 山中鹿介の尼子再興運動は、概ね3回に分けて見ることができる。
- The campaign to restore the status of the Amago clan conducted by Shikanosuke YAMANAKA can be roughly divided into three stages.
- 愛国公党(あいこくこうとう)は、最初の自由民権運動の政治結社。
- The Aikokukoto Party was the first political organization associated under the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- 横田らは第二次護憲運動にも参加し、加藤高明護憲三派内閣に参加。
- Yokota and others took part in the second Constitution protection movement, and then joined the Takaaki KATO's three-party coalition Cabinet of Constitution protection.
- 「明治大正の二時代に於て、先覚は献身的に復古運動を絶叫された。
- 'In the two periods of Meiji and Taisho, our predecessors quite strongly advocated the restoration of old styles.
- しかし2年後に校長・岡倉天心への排斥運動が起こり、岡倉が失脚。
- However, two years later a movement started to drive out the principal, Tenshin OKAKURA, who then lost his position.
- 幕府要人や公家の人脈を頼り、反朝倉孝景の運動を画策するが失敗。
- Kagetaka tried to plot a movement against Takakage ASAKURA, using his connections with influential people in the Bakufu and Court, but did not succeed.
- 九代目市川團十郎や依田学海らが実践していた演劇改良運動に参加。
- Then he participated in the Engeki kairyo undo (theatrical performance improvement movement) implemented by Danjuro ICHIKAWA the ninth and Gakukai YODA.
- 彼は地元農民とともに反対運動を起こすも芳しい成果は出なかった。
- He started the opposition movement together with the local peasants, but the results were poor.
- 結果的にはより強硬な運動弾圧策に乗り出す環境を整える事となった。
- As a result, this made the government take more severe oppressive measures against the movement.
- 米騒動を契機とする大正デモクラシーと呼ばれる政治運動が起こった。
- A political movement called Taisho democracy started with rice riots.
- 恩賞方は鎌倉幕府の討幕運動に参加したものに対する論功行賞を処理。
- The Rewards Office handled the conferral of honors and awards to those who had participated in the campaign to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu.
- 京大当局は70年代後半になってこれらの運動基盤の解体に着手した。
- In the late 70's, the authority of Kyoto University stated to destroy such bases of movements.
- その後も、藩閥政府を批判し普通選挙運動と対露強硬外交を主張した。
- After that, he criticized the domains-dominated government, and claimed popular election and hard-line diplomacy toward Russia.
- 1863年、藩主山内豊範の側役に就任して公武合体運動に尽力する。
- In 1863, he assumed the post of Sobayaku (Secretary) to the lord of the clan, Toyonori YAMAUCHI, and made efforts for the movement of Kobu Gattai (union of the imperial court and the shogunate).
- また、、島村抱月らと文芸協会を開設し、新劇運動の先駆けとなった。
- In 1906, he established the Association of Literature with Hogetsu SHIMAMURA and others, and it set a precedent for the movement of shingeki (literally, new play).
- 生まれながらに人並みを外れた運動能力を持っていたと伝わっている。
- It is said that he had an outstanding movement capability by nature.
- 地元で当時高等園芸と言われた温室栽培など農業改良運動に従事した。
- Since then, he worked there on the agricultural improvement activities by developing a greenhouse cultivation system, which was still an advanced horticulture in those days, and so on.
- 百済滅亡後には百済復興を掲げて反唐運動を率いた将軍の一人である。
- He led the anti-Tang movement to revive Baekje after the downfall of the kingdom.
- 比叡山の最澄による天台戒壇独立運動には僧綱の上首として反対した。
- He opposed, as a Joshu (the head of a group) of Sogo (Office of Monastic Affairs), Tendai sect's Kaidan (Buddhist ordination platform) independence movement waged by Saicho from Mt. Hiei.
- 天が円で表されるゆえんは、星の運行が円運動で表されるためである。
- The heaven has been expressed as round because the movement of stars are represented as circular motion.
- 1924年には京城帝国大学が開設され、民立大学期成運動に対抗した。
- In 1924, Keijo Imperial University was established to counter the movement for establishing private universities.
- 回転運動をする砂は発生地周辺のみに到達し、移動する砂丘を構成する。
- The rotating sand of a kosa cannot move far from the place where the kosa originates, and constitutes a moving sand dune.
- ジュネーブ留学時、ロシアの革命運動家レフ・メーチニコフと知り合う。
- While studying in Geneva, Iwao met Lev MECHNIKOV, a Russian revolutionist.
- 一般庶民からは、自由民権運動の総帥として圧倒的な支持を受けていた。
- Nonetheless, as a commander of Jiyu Minken Undo, he earned tremendous support from the general public.
- 生活に即した民芸品に注目して「用の美」を唱え、民芸運動を起こした。
- He declared the 'beauty of usage' by focusing on folk art that was used for living, and triggered the Mingei Movement.
- なお、第一次憲政擁護運動については大正政変の項目も併せて参照のこと。
- For the first Kensei Yogo Undo, see also the Taisho Coup.
- 二代目総一郎の妻千代子は、自由民権運動の政治家・板垣退助の娘である。
- The second-generation Souichiro's wife, Chiyoko, is a daughter of Taisuke ITAGAKI, a politician who led Jiyu Minken Undo, the Democratic Rights Campaign.
- このとき、武市半平太と知り合って友人となり、尊王攘夷運動に傾倒する。
- He got to know Hanbeta TAKECHI and became friends at this time, and he became committed to Sonno Joi Movement (the Movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).
- 安政の大獄によって松陰が刑死した後、尊攘運動の先頭に立つようになる。
- After Shoin was executed during the Ansei Purge, he succeeded as the leader of the Sonno Joi movement.
- 1908年記者を辞め、市川左團次 (2代目)の演劇革新運動に加わる。
- In 1908, he resigned the job of reporter for Hochi Shinbun, and joined the innovative drama movement started by Sadanji ICHIKAWA (the second).
- 長州藩の桂小五郎(後の木戸孝允)らと交流し、尊王攘夷運動に関与する。
- He got on with Kogoro KATSURA (later Takayoshi KIDO) of Choshu clan and participated in the Sonno Joi movement.
- 1874年1月12日、板垣らは愛国公党を結成し、反政府運動を始めた。
- On January 12, 1874, Itagaki and others established the Aikokukoto Party and began an anti-government movement.
- 慶喜は朝廷に運動して休戦の詔勅を引き出し、休戦協定の締結に成功する。
- Yoshinobu appealed to the Imperial Court to make an official announcement of truce by the Emperor and he succeeded in concluding an armistice treaty.
- 1443年(嘉吉3)に義勝が病死すると足利義政の将軍就任に運動する。
- After Yoshikatsu died of illness in 1443, he began a political campaign for Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA to become the next shogun.
- 日清戦争後の三国干渉に屈した第2次伊藤内閣を追及する運動を展開した。
- The party conducted a campaign to criticize the second Ito Cabinet for having yielded to the Triple Intervention after the Sino-Japanese War.
- 実は、政府は10年もたてばこの運動もおさまるだろうと思っていたという。
- In fact, the government was speculating that the movement would wane in 10 years.
- 台湾文化協会は各地で講演会や映画上映などを行い大衆啓蒙運動を展開した。
- The Taiwan Cultural Association developed the enlightening movement for the public by organizing lectures or showing movies.
- しかし一方では尊皇攘夷派など反幕府思想、武力による倒幕運動が存在した。
- However on the other hand there was also anti-Bakufu sentiment such as the Sonno Joi ha (supporters of the doctorine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians) and movements to overthrow the Shogunate using armed forces.
- 堺利彦、幸徳秋水らの「平民社」による治安警察法改正請願運動が起こった。
- The group called 'Heiminsha' (Commoners' Society), which was headed by Toshihiko SAKAI and Shusui KOTOKU, began agitating for the revision of the Security Police Law.
- また江戸で浅野家再興運動中の遠林寺住職祐海とも書状で連絡を取り合った。
- He also kept in touch through letters with the monk at Enrin-ji Temple Yukai who was working for the restoration of the Asano clan in Edo.
- 第3次桂内閣に対しては護憲運動を組織して倒閣に追い込んだ(大正政変)。
- Then, the party organized Constitution protection movement and overthrew the Third Katsura Cabinet (Taisho Coup).
- これは市民運動と商業資本のコラボレーションの成功例として特記に値する。
- It is particularly notable as the successful example of the collaboration between civic movement and commercial capital.
- 観光地は、丹波自然運動公園、琴滝(ことだき)、ワインハウスなどがある。
- Major tourist spots are the Tanba Shizen Undo Koen Park, Koto-daki (Koto Falls), and the Wine House.
- その点では、言文一致の運動がすぐに時代の主流になったわけではなかった。
- In this respect, the Genbunicchi movement did not quickly become a mainstream of the time.
- 日本軍の明石元二郎大佐による革命運動への支援工作がこれに拍車をかけた。
- Colonel Motojiro AKASHI's support of the revolutionary movements in Russia spurred the aforementioned situation.
- 吉田寮では、前述の閉寮反対運動に関連して、入寮対象者を拡大していった。
- Yoshida dormitory has eased the requirements for entering as a part of the above-mentioned opposition movement against the closure of dormitory.
- かくて、民間諸団体を糾合し国家主義、アジア主義大同団結運動を目論んだ。
- He aimed to bring private association together and unite for a common purpose under the Nationalism and Asianism.
- 1906年頃より大石誠之助らと共に和歌山県新宮市で社会主義運動を行う。
- He initiated socialist movement in Shingu City, Wakayama Prefecture around 1906 with some other members including Seinosuke OISHI.
- また、チャウ自身も日本に渡って奔走し、その人生を民族独立運動に捧げた。
- Chau also went to Japan himself and made every effort to further the independence movement, devoting his life to it.
- さらに運動の中心人物であった田中正造が1913年に没するとほぼ消滅した。
- And after the central figure of the movement, Shozo TANAKA died in 1913, the movement also almost died.
- ところが、久光には討幕の意思なぞない、上洛は公武合体の運動のためだった。
- However, Hisamitsu had no intention of attacking the shogunate, and his going to Kyoto was due to the kobu-gattai (movement for reconciliation between the imperial court and the shogunate).
- 月形の地には以後監獄はなくなったが1970年代に刑務所の誘致運動が興る。
- Afterward, there was no more prisons on the land of Tsukigata, but after 1970, a movement welcoming the construction of prisons began.
- 『明六雑誌』が発行されていた時期は、ちょうど自由民権運動の初期と重なる。
- The period when 'Meiroku Zasshi' was published overlapped the first stage of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- この結果、無政府主義者やそれに近い者が社会運動の主流派を占めるに至った。
- As a result, anarchists and those close to anarchism became the majority in the socialist movement.
- 近代化した文芸たらしめるための文学運動を行い、発句が俳句として自立した。
- In order to elevate haikai poetry to a more modernized form of literature, he began a literary movement and successfully created a new form of poetry known as haiku.
- 地租改正を掲げることで、運動は不平士族のみならず、農村にも浸透していった。
- The movement became widespread not only among dissatisfied Shizoku people, but also peasants in rural villages by calling for the land-tax reform.
- お蔭参り(おかげまいり)とは、江戸時代に起こった伊勢神宮への集団参詣運動。
- Okage mairi refers to mass pilgrimages to the Ise-jingu Shrine, made in the Edo period.
- この運動の担い手として、具体的には、次のようなグループを挙げることができる
- The following groups can be specifically listed as bearers of the movements:
- 躍動運動をする砂は一時的に舞い上がって移動し、沙塵暴のほとんどを構成する。
- The jumping sand is flung up for a short period of time and constitutes most of shachenbao sandstorm.
- 1894年、自由民権運動の活動家で書生芝居をしていた川上音二郎と結婚した。
- In 1894, she married Otojiro KAWAKAMI who was a performer of student play (shosei shibai) as well as an activist of the movement for liberty and people's rights.
- 後に貴族院_(日本)となり地租増徴に反対するなど独自の政治運動を展開した。
- Afterwards, he became a member of the House of Peers, and carryed on his own political campaigns such as opposing a plan to increase land taxes.
- 1887年1月:有力幹部の死、請願運動停滞から会費未納増により温知社解散。
- January 1887: Onchisha was dissolved due to the deaths of influential leaders and the increase of unpaid membership fees due to inactive petition activity.
- また自由民権運動の士小室信夫・古沢滋らに依頼して、東京にいた板垣も招いた。
- Also he asked Nobuo KOMURO and Shigeru FURUSAWA, democratic activists, to invite Itagaki from Tokyo.
- 以後、1919年の公正会結成運動まで男爵議員の分散状態は続くことになった。
- After that, the circumstances of the baronial members disassembled continued until the Kousei-kai was formed in 1919.
- 言文一致運動からきた口語体に対して、昔の「候文」の由来を懐古する文である。
- This sentence looks back on the history of 'sorobun' in comparison with spoken style derived from the movement to unify the written and spoken styles of the Japanese language.
- 久坂玄瑞の紹介で吉田松陰が主催する松下村塾で学び、尊皇攘夷運動に参加した。
- Through the network of Genzui KUSAKA, he studied at the Shokason Juku under the tutelage of Shoin YOSHIDA, and took part in the Revere the Emperor and Expel the Barbarians movement.
- しかし、示談金の受け取りを拒否した農民もおり、鉱毒反対運動はこの後も続いた。
- However, in fact, some peasants refused to accept money and the movement against the mining pollution continued after that.
- 大日本帝国憲法の下で、国民による運動で内閣が倒されたのはこのときだけである。
- During the period governed by the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, this was the only time that a cabinet was brought down by a popular movement.
- このため、廓清運動支持派は、1924年と1927年の2度にわたって離脱した。
- Therefore, the intra-group supporting the clean-up campaign seceded from the group twice in 1924 and 1927.
- 自由民権運動の影響下に発生した、いわゆる「激化事件」の代表例ともされてきた。
- It had been assumed to be a representative example of so-called 'aggravated incidents' occurred under the influence of Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- 桜田門外の変・坂下門外の変における尊攘運動の遭難者を和宮降嫁の祝賀として大赦
- An amnesty to be carried out for the victims who supported Sonno Joi during the Sakuradamongai and Sakashita mongai Incidents as part of the celebrations for Kazunomiya koka (the marriage of the Kazunomiya Imperial princess to an commoner.)
- そうすると、政府への強い批判が起こり自由民権運動が一層の盛り上がりを見せた。
- Then, criticism towards the government became stronger and the Freedom and People's Rights Movement was pumped up.
- (なおこの際、市民運動が起こった。鉄道と政治京都駅(東海道新幹線)も参照)。
- (Incidentally, there was a social movement against the opening (see also 'Railroad' and 'Politics').
- 江戸時代末になると尊皇攘夷論が興り、天皇は討幕運動の中心にまつりあげられた。
- At the end of the Edo period, the Sonno-joi argument occurred and the Emperor became the center of the anti-shogunate movement.
- 貴族社会のたしなみを反映した流派であり、運動の正確さ、美しさなどを重視する。
- Since it had been developed reflecting the manners of the aristocracy, the accuracy and the beauty of the riding are considered to be important.
- 大正13年(1924年):第二次護憲運動、皇太子裕仁親王(後の昭和天皇)成婚
- 1924: The second constitution protection movement, wedding of Prince Hirohito (later Emperor Showa)
- 旧本丸は学校敷地となり、現滋賀県立水口高等学校の運動場として利用されている。
- The remains of the Honmaru, are now the property of Shiga Prefectural Minakuchi Senior High School, and is used as an athletic field.
- 中老として尊攘倒幕運動で活躍し、渡辺昇ら「大村三七士」の一人として知られる。
- He was active in the 'sonno tobaku' (revere the emperor, overthrow the shogunate) movement, and was known as one of Noboru WATANABE's '37 Omura samurai.'
- 輔煕は関白の座にありながらこの政局に関与できず、また三条らの帰京を運動した。
- Sukehiro, though serving as Kanpaku, was not able to be involved in this political situation, and in addition, he planed to have Sanjo and his colleagues return to Kyoto.
- その後も女性解放運動を続け、楠瀬の名は「民権ばあさん」として知られわたった。
- She continued the women's liberation movement, and her name was known as 'Minken Basan'.
- また、徹底した緊縮財政とともに地方改良運動を起こして地方の立て直しを図った。
- In addition, it tried to put the local communities back on their feet by carrying out drastic fiscal retrenchment as well as starting the Movement for Local Community Improvement.
- これに対し、政府側は1900年に治安警察法を制定して運動の規制に乗り出した。
- In response to such movements, the government started to control social movements by establishing the Security Police Law in 1900.
- 総督府により、言論の制限や結社の禁止、独立運動などへの取り締まり等が行われた。
- Sotoku-fu conducted the restriction of speech, ban of association, regulation of independent movement.
- 亀岡運動公園プール—夏季は大規模プールの営業があり、周辺府県からの来訪が多い。
- Swimming pool in the Kameoka Sports Park: A large swimming pool is open in summer, attracting many visitors from neighboring prefectures.
- 尊皇攘夷運動の支柱である水戸学には朝廷権威により幕府専制を抑える思想があった。
- The Mito School, which was at the heart of the Sonnojoi Movement, held a belief that the authority of the Imperial Court should suppress the rise of autocratic Shogunate.
- それらの主張は尊王攘夷運動と明治初期の薩長藩閥政府にも少なからぬ影響を与えた。
- These claims did not by any means have a small influences on the Sonno Joi Movement (the movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) and the policies of the government led by Saccho (the Satsuma and Choshu Domains) during the early Meiji period.
- また、初期の自由民権運動は不平士族が中心になっていた(士族民権ともいわれる)。
- In addition, the Freedom and People's Rights Movement (also called Shizokuminken) was initiated mostly by fuhei shizoku (dissatisfied former samurai).
- その後しばらくの間、以仁王の生存説が噂され、またそれが反平氏運動に利用された。
- For a while after the fighting had ended, rumors persisted that prince Mochihito was alive, rumors moreover that were useful to anti-Taira activities.
- 在学中は全学自治会同学会の委員長として竹本処分闘争以降の京大学生運動を導いた。
- When he was a student, he spearheaded the student movement at Kyoto University after 'Takemoto shobun' struggle as the chairman of the national student association.
- 国際連合教育科学文化機関や平和運動など幅広い活躍を行い、法政大学総長も務めた。
- He was engaged in wide-ranging activities, such as those of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and peace movement, and also served as the president of Hosei University.
- 特に、自由民権運動では政府の買収に応じるなど、同活動家を幾度も失望させている。
- Especially, Goto often disappointed the members of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement by having been bought off by the government.
- 観行院の墓所は昭和27年(1952年)、芝学園運動場拡張工事の際に発掘された。
- The graveyard of Kangyoin was excavated in 1952 when the playground of Shiba Gakuen was extended.
- 以後自由民権運動における政府批判と議会設置を求めるスローガンとして用いられた。
- Later the term was used as a slogan for criticizing the government and requesting the establishment of a parliament in the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Rights).
- 辰丸事件(たつまる じけん)は、中国における排日運動の嚆矢となった有名な事件。
- The 'Tatsumaru Incident' is a famous incident which triggered the anti-Japanese campaign in China.
- いずれも亡国の憂いを抱き、権利の回復運動に進もうとするかれらの交情が描かれる。
- The story develops around the friendship among those three, who were grieving over their circumstances of being on exile, and trying to restore their rights.
- 地価決定後の税率見直を求める運動や新地価に基づく小作料の改訂に対する小作争議。
- A movement to request a review on tax rates after the decision of land prices, and a tenancy dispute on the revised farm rent based on the new land prices
- 日本では、幕末に朝廷から一般民衆まで熱く論じられ、反体制運動の合言葉ともなった。
- In Japan, it was discussed passionately among people from Chotei Court officials to the general public at the end of the Edo period and became a watchword for the anti-establishment movement.
- 1902年になると漢人による抗日運動は制圧され、民間が所有する武器は没収された。
- In 1902, the anti-Japanese movements by the Han Chinese were put down and the weapons owned by civilians were confiscated.
- 唐は百済の旧領を郡県制支配の下に置いたが、すぐに百済遺民による反抗運動が起きる。
- The Tang Dynasty put the old territories of Kudara under the county and prefecture system, but an uprising by the surviving members of Kudara soon took place.
- これに対して屋台側も県議会議員や厚生労働省(当時)を巻き込んだ抵抗運動を行った。
- In contrast, a movement to resist this on behalf of the street stall businesses was initiated by a member of the prefectural assembly and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (of that period).
- さらにこの頃になると、国民の間では普通選挙権を求める運動が日増しに高まっていた。
- By the time, the people's movement calling for universal suffrage gained momentum day by day.
- 8月には自由民権運動弾圧法の新聞紙条例や讒謗律を批判し禁錮・罰金刑を科せられる。
- In August of the same year, he was sentenced to imprisonment and fine for criticizing the Shinbunshi Jorei (Press Ordinance) and 'Zamboritsu' (Libel Law), designed to oppress 'Jiyu Minken Undo' (Movement for Liberty and People's Rights).
- が、同じく被差別部落に生まれた解放運動家、猪子蓮太郎をひた隠しに慕うようになる。
- However, he secretly revered Rentaro INOKO, a liberation activist who was also born into a buraku community.
- 結局、護憲運動の高まりで桂内閣は大正2年2月11日に辞意を表明した(大正政変)。
- In the end, because of the strengthening of the movement to protect the constitution, the Katsura Cabinet announced its resignation on February 11, 1913 (Taisho Political Change).
- しかし12月には台湾北部で清朝の郷勇が台湾民主国の延長としての抗日運動を開始した。
- In December, however, the anti-Japanese movements led by the volunteer forces of the Qing dynasty started in northern Taiwan in the form of an extension of the armed resistance of the Republic of Formosa.
- また台湾の統治方式を抗日運動の鎮圧から経済建設による社会安定に転換した時期である。
- During their tenures, the government changed their governance policy from the suppression of anti-Japanese movement to the establishment of a stable society by developing the economy.
- これらの抗日運動で戦死又は逮捕殺害された者は1万人余り(図解台湾史)との説もある。
- According to one bit of research, the number of people killed in the war or killed after arrested was approximately 10,000 (Illustrated History of Taiwan).
- これに対し政府が保安条例の制定や改進党大隈の外相入閣を行うことで運動は沈静化した。
- The government quelled this by establishing the Hoan Jorei (regulations for the preservation of law and order) and appointing Okuma of the Constitutional Reform Party as Foreign Minister.
- 1940年(昭和15年)に両派とも解党して新体制運動に参加、大政翼賛会に合流した。
- In 1940, both factions dissolved and they took part in the new system movement, and then they joined the Imperial Rule Assistance Association.
- 1960年代前半、部落解放同盟中央は、共産党系幹部主導による運動が進められてきた。
- In the early 1960s, led by the Japanese Communist Party leaning executives, the Buraku Liberation League Headquarter was promoting movement.
- 鹿鳴館時代の1886年、伊藤の意向を受けて歌舞伎の近代化のため演劇改良運動を興す。
- In 1886, during the period of Rokumeikan, Kencho initiated movement for improving theatrical performance in order to modernize Kabuki according to ITO's wish.
- これは『明六雑誌』が、地方人士の自由民権運動に参加するきっかけとなった一例である。
- This was an example that 'Meiroku Zasshi' promoted local jinshi to join the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- 鹿介の死は尼子再興運動の終幕ではあったが、尼子遺臣団の完全な解体とはならなかった。
- The death of Shikanosuke resulted in the termination of the campaign to restore the status of the Amago clan, but did not lead to the complete dissolution of the Amago Remnant Corps.
- しかし、土地柄、銅山との商取引で生計を立てている者が多く、運動は盛り上がらなかった。
- However, many were making a living through business with the copper mine and the movement never gained significant support.
- その為金鵄勲章叙勲者達は名誉と年金の復活を求めて「金鵄連盟」をつくり、運動を始めた。
- Consequently, recipients of the Order of the Golden Kite banded together, forming the 'League of the Golden Kite' to seek reinstatement of the Orders' honors and annual pensions.
- ※本庁の庁舎・駐車場は平成10年までは園部町立園部小学校校舎・体育館・運動場だった。
- * The building and parking space of main building was used as the schoolhouse, gym and playground of Sonobe Elementary School in Sonobe town until 1998.
- この背景には朝儀復活や王政復古運動に尽力していた父・霊元天皇の意向が強く働いていた。
- As to the background of this movement, there was a strong intention of his father, Emperor Reigen who worked hard to restore the events of the Imperial Palace and the movement to restore the monarchy.
- 特にアジア諸国では明治維新を模範として改革や独立運動を行おうとする動きが盛んになる。
- The reform and independence movement became active in Asian countries especially after the model of the Meiji Restoration.
- 鎌倉時代末期に後醍醐天皇が討幕運動を起こし、足利尊氏など幕府の有力御家人が呼応した。
- At the end of the Kamakura period, Emperor Godaigo launched an anti-shogunate movement and senior vassals of the bakufu, including Takauji ASHIKAGA, joined forces with the emperor.
- 自由民権運動家の立場から、華族制度には消極的な立場であったため授爵の勅を二度断った。
- From the standpoint of a Jiyu Minken Undo activist, Itagaki took a negative attitude toward the peerage system and declined twice to accept the imperial decree of granting the peerage.
- 史書というより歴史物語と言うべきだが、幕末の尊皇攘夷運動に与えた影響は甚大であった。
- The book should be called historical fiction rather than historical record, but it exerted an immense influence on the sonno joi movement (the movement under the slogan of 'Revere the Emperor Expel the Barbarians') at the end of Edo period.
- その間に清浦内閣が護憲三派の選挙運動の妨害を図ったことから、国民各層の憤激を招いた。
- During the period leading up to the election the KIYOURA cabinet occasionally attempted to disrupt the election campaign of the Goken Sanpa, which enraged the people of all social classes.
- これらの強力な統治権は台湾での抗日運動を鎮圧し、台湾の社会と治安の安定に寄与している。
- Such strong ruling power contributed to the suppression of any anti-Japanese movements and thus contributed to the stability and safety of the Taiwanese society.
- 27日には、野党の国会議員や新聞記者、学者らが集まって護憲運動の地方への拡大を決めた。
- On the other hand, the Diet members of the opposition parties, journalists, scholars and others had a rally on December 27 and decided to extend the campaign for defending the constitution to other provinces.
- しかしながら、自由民権運動の勢力拡大にともない、華族と妥協するため主張を変更している。
- However, with Jiyu Minken Undo (movement for liberty and people's rights) gaining its momentum, he changed his position to obtain support of kazoku class members.
- 国分神社・ジェイテクト(旧光洋精工)工場・川端橋・青谷青少年運動広場(国分経由ルート)
- Kokubu-jinja Shrine, JTEKT (former Koyo Seiko Co. Ltd.) factory, Kawabata-bashi Bridge, Aotani Athletic Ground for Young People (the route via Kokubu)
- これを受けて下関戦争や薩英戦争が起き、日本国内では外国人襲撃など攘夷運動が荒れ狂った。
- After this Imperial order was issued, the Shimonoseki War and the Kagoshima Bombardment; the Satsuma (Kagoshima)-British War took place, and some foreigners were attacked by Japanese people and the movement to exclusionism was becoming severe in Japan.
- しかし大学の夏期休暇などもあり学内の抗議運動は終息、自由擁護連盟も弾圧により解体した。
- However, with the summer break at university, the protest movement within the university ended and the Jiyu Yogo Renmei was dissolved because of pressure.
- キリスト教婦人矯風会にも参加し、その風俗部長に就任するとともに、廃娼運動にも取り組む。
- She joined the Christian Women Ethics Club, worked as the Manner Chief of the club, and got involved in the prostitute abolishment movement.
- 自由民権運動に同情して国会開設意見書を提出して早期の憲法公布と国会の即時開設を説いた。
- Sympathizing with the Democratic-rights movement, he submitted a written proposal for the establishment of the National Diet and appealed for the issuance of the Constitution in an earlier period and the immediate establishment of the National Diet.
- 後醍醐天皇が討幕運動を起こすと、幕府御家人であった足利尊氏や新田義貞らが宮方に属する。
- When Emperor Godaigo launched the anti-shogunate movement, shogunal retainers of the Kamakura bakufu including Takauji ASHIKAGA and Yoshisada NITTA sided with the imperial court.
- しかも家康が忠輝に所領を与えたのは、政宗や茶阿局らの運動があったためとも言われている。
- In addition, it was apparently because there were movements by people such as Masamune and Chaa no Tsubone that Ieyasu gave Tadateru some territories.
- 朝廷・幕府・雄藩の政治的提携を企図する久光の運動は、亡兄斉彬の遺志を継ぐものとされた。
- It was said that Hisamitsu's movement to plan political cooperation among Imperial Court, Shogunate, and the major domains was to succeed the last wish of Nariakira, his elder brother.
- 後醍醐天皇らの討幕運動(元弘の乱)が起こると、幕府軍の大将の一人として各地を転戦した。
- When the anti-shogunate movement (Genko War) was caused by the group of Emperor Godaigo, Takanao moved from place to place to fight as one of major captains of the bakufu army.
- 社会主義運動の指導者層が一挙に拘束されたことで、社会主義者らは動揺し、警察に反発した。
- As leaders of the social movement were arrested all together, socialists got upset and rebelled against the police.
- 第2次護憲運動においては、研究会主導の清浦内閣を攻撃して護憲三派とともに倒閣に動いた。
- During the second pro-Constitution movement they attacked the Kiyoura Cabinet led by Kenkyu-kai group and campaigned to topple the government with three pro-Constitution factions.
- 日本語家庭とは家庭においても日本語が使われるというもので、国語運動の最終目標でもあった。
- A Japanese speaking home, in which family members spoke Japanese even at home, was the ultimate goal of the kokugo movement.
- 1960年代に私鉄電車の検車庫問題と国道建設問題に対する二度の国民的保存運動がおこった。
- In 1960s, two national preservation movements arose against the private railway company's train inspection garage problem and also the national route construction problem.
- 当時、遺跡保存の運動の中心にいたのは東京大学で日本史教室を主宰していた黒板勝美であった。
- At that time, the leader of the campaign for preservation of ruins was Katsumi KUROITA who headed the department of Japanese history at the University of Tokyo.
- 文久3年(1863年)にも、尊王攘夷運動の活発化に伴い嫌疑を受け、幕府に捕えられている。
- As Sonno Joi Movement (the Movement advocating reverence for Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) was increasingly more intensified, her involvement in the movement was suspected and she was captured by the bakufu.
- 585年に物部守屋による廃仏運動により法衣を奪われて全裸にされ、群衆の目前で鞭打たれた。
- In 585, Ezen-ni was stripped of all of her clerical garments and whipped in front of people due to an anti-Buddhist movement by MONONOBE no Moriya.
- さらにこれ以後、散逸した経典や群書の蒐集と一切経蔵建立の運動に一生を捧げることを誓った。
- Furthermore, Dokaku took an oath to devote his entire life toward two tasks; to collect the scattered and ultimately lost Buddhist scriptures and books and to build an Issai-kyo Zo (a depository to keep the complete collection of scriptures).
- 青梅街道や甲州街道沿いに敷設したかったが、当時鉄道敷設には強烈な反対運動が起こっていた。
- Although he initially planned to lay the railroads along the Ome-kaido Road and along the Kosyu-kaido Road, residents had been developping a strong movement against building a railway at that time.
- この運動は広東省内にはもちろん、華南、南洋まで及び、不況下の日本への打撃は深刻であった。
- This movement expanded not only within the Guangdong Province but also in South China and the South Seas, gravely damaging Japan under depression.
- 以上のような経緯があり、十津川郷士は純粋な勤皇であり、討幕運動の意識は薄かったとされる。
- Totsukawa has the historical background as described above; it is said that Totsukawa goshi was pure pro-Imperial and they did not think about anti-shogunate movement much.
- 一つはひまし油(ひましゆ)を下剤として飲む方法であり、もう一つは運動をする方法であった。
- The first treatment is drinking ricinus as a laxative, and the other was exercising.
- しかし、群馬県山田郡の鉱毒被害は止まず、この地区ではこの後も鉱毒反対運動が続いた(後述)。
- However, in Yamada County of Gunma Prefecture, the mining pollution kept causing damages and residents of the area kept the movement against the pollution (see below).
- 丁度その頃に開設された西大門刑務所は、独立運動家を多く収容し、処刑したことで知られている。
- The Seodaemun Prison, which was established around that time, was known for housing and executing numbers of independent activists.
- 大同団結運動分裂後の事態に対応して、板垣退助たちが旧自由党員を愛国公党へ結集しようとした。
- In response to the situation after the split of Great Merger Movement, Taisuke ITAGAKI and others tried to invite the members of the former Liberal Party to the Aikokukoto Party.
- 日露戦争の影響を受けて、ロシアの植民地であった地域やアジアで特に独立・革命運動が高まった。
- Former Russian colonies sought independence in the aftermath of the Russo-Japanese War, and independence and revolutionary movements became active throughout Asia.
- 後年、旧藩士らの手弁当による叙勲運動により、養子が他の旧藩主より一段低い男爵に叙任された。
- Later, he was given the title of Baron, lower by one rank from the lord of the domain, thanks to voluntary actions by former retainers of the domain to confer upon him an order.
- 東京再幸の反対運動の騒動の際には、ときの情勢に乗じて名古屋遷都を画策するものまで現われた。
- There were also plans made for the transfer of the capital to Nagoya during these situations when there was turmoil from the opposition against visiting Tokyo.
- 明治11年(1878年)福島県庁に辞表を提出し、東北地方での民権運動に力を注ぐことになる。
- In 1878, he tendered his resignation to Fukushima Prefectural Office, and devoted himself to the movement for civil rights in Tohoku Region.
- 崋山はこれに強く反発し、用人の真木定前らとともに康明の異母弟・三宅友信の擁立運動を行った。
- Kazan strongly opposed their plan and conducted an effort, together with Sadachika MAKI, one of the lord chamberlains, demanding that Yasuaki's half-brother Tomonobu MIYAKE be made the next lord.
- 尊王攘夷運動に奔走すべく藩を脱した三樹三郎は、江戸深川の道場主・兄伊東のもとに身を寄せる。
- Mikisaburo, having left the domain in order to work for Sonno Joi Movement (the movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners), stayed with his older brother Ito, who was the owner of a dojo (training hall) in Fukagawa, Edo.
- 頼朝死去の前後、大姫 (源頼朝の娘)入内運動の失敗により朝廷の反幕府派が攻勢を強めていた。
- Around the period of Yoritomo's death, the power of the anti-bakufu group in the Imperial Court was strengthened by the failure of the judai (an Imperial Consort's bridal entry into court) campaign of Ohime (a daughter of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo).
- また病状の進行を速めたのは稽古の激しい運動の為、肺に負担をかけたせいもあるとの仮説もある。
- It is also thought that his intense exercise might have been an added burden on his lungs and aggravated his illness.
- 扶余豊(扶余豊璋)自身も被害者意識があったことなどから、百済復興運動は巧く機能しなかった。
- Also, as Buyeo Pung (Hosho FUYO), himself, harbored hard feelings as he had been sent to Japan as a hostage, the Baekje revival movement did not turn out as people expected.
- また、国学思想から来る尊王思想と結びついて「尊王攘夷」運動として幕府批判へつながっていった。
- In addition, the idea of restoring power to the emperor, found in the study of Japanese classical literature, combined with the idea of expelling foreigners, eventually forming 'Sonno Joi' Movement (the Movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) as a tool to revoke the bakufu government.
- これが、かつての自由民権運動の流れを汲む民党の反感を買って「民力休養・政費節減」を主張した。
- This aroused antipathy of Minto (political parties such as Liberal Party, Progressive Party and so on which conflicted with a han-dominated government when imperial Diet was inaugurated) which have been followed Movement for Liberty and People's Right and insisted on 'Public's burden reduction/Government cost-cutting'.
- 南側は運動広場や芝生広場、サクラの林、横浜市電の保存車両などがあり、春には花見客でにぎわう。
- On the south side of the park, there are a lawn field, a cherry blossom grove and conserved cars of Yokohama Municipal Tramway, and is alive with people viewing the cherry blossoms in the spring.
- 明治維新によって死牛馬取得権などの特権を失った反面、差別は依然残り、部落解放運動につながった
- While they lost the privilege to receive dead horses and cattle and so on after the Meiji Restoration, the discrimination still continued, which led to the Buraku (discriminated communities) Liberation Movement.
- 京大法学部の学生は教授会を支持し、全員が退学届けを提出するなど処分に抗議する運動を起こした。
- The students of the Faculty of Law in Kyoto University supported the board of professors and started a movement to protest the punishment by having all students submitting a leave from studies.
- 帰国後、早稲田大学文学部教授となり「早稲田文学」を主宰して自然主義運動のため大いに活躍する。
- After he came back to Japan, he became a professor of the School of Letters, Arts and Sciences at Waseda University and edited 'Waseda Bungaku,' actively involved in the naturalist movement.
- 沼津では、旧幕臣の授産事業として、愛鷹山官林の払い下げ運動や茶の輸出会社の設立などを行った。
- In Numazu, under a work program established for former retainers of the bakufu, he established a company for exporting tea, conducted a movement of disposing the government forest on Mt. Ashitaka, and so on.
- また、「日本人はアヘンを禁止しようとしている」という危機感が抗日運動の引き金のひとつだった。
- One of the triggers of the anti-Japanese movement came from the impending fear that the Japanese administration was trying to ban opium.
- 明治17年(1884年)10月、自由民権運動の激化で加波山事件が起き、自由党を一旦解党した。
- In October 1884, intensifying Jiyu Minken Undo culminated in the Kabasan Incident (a failed terror attack attempt and subsequent harsh crackdown on activists of Jiyu Minken Undo in Ibaraki and Tochigi Prefectures), prompting Itagaki to dissolve the Liberal Party for the time being.
- 現地文化に対しては否定的な態度をとり、総督府統治に反対する朝鮮独立運動は厳しく取り締りされた。
- It had a negative attitude toward the local culture, and the independent movement of Korea against the Sotoku-fu's rule was strictly controlled.
- 1960年代より「大逆事件の真実をあきらかにする会」を中心に、再審請求などの運動が推進された。
- After 1960s, 'the association to find a truth of Taigyaku Jiken' led the movement to demand retrial of the case.
- これらの運動は、戦前の日本において、完全な女性参政権の獲得と言う大目標の達成には至らなかった。
- Yet in prewar Japan, these campaigns were unable to reach their primary goal of acquiring women's suffrage.
- 1913年1月、護憲運動のさなか、桂は立憲政友会に対抗するため、自ら政党を結成した(桂新党)。
- In January 1913, amid the Campaign for the Defense of the Constitution, Katsura established his own party (Katsura Shinto) to compete with the Seiyukai.
- その後下向する国司は殆どが基成の近親者で、基成と基衡が院へ強い運動を仕掛けたことが推測される。
- It is inferred that Motonari and Motohira brought strong pressure on the cloistered emperor from the fact that most kokushi (provincial officers) who were sent from the central government afterward were close relatives of Motonari.
- 幕末の尊王攘夷運動の過程で強化され、明治維新後には政治体制によって正統な歴史観として確立した。
- It was strongly influenced by a campaign to restore the emperor and expel the barbarians during the last days of the Tokugawa government, it was established as an orthodox historical view by the new political system after the Meiji Restoration.
- 郷里に戻り、任地である福島県石川町で石陽社を設立し、東北地方の自由民権運動のさきがけとなった。
- He went back to his hometown, and he established Sekiyosha in his duty station, Ishikawa-machi, Fukushima Prefecture, and it became the pioneer of Jiyu Minken Undo in Tohoku Region.
- 1907年、田村は本因坊継承の運動を盛んに行っていたものの結局秀栄は後継を決めないままに死去。
- In 1907, despite Tamura's continuous appeal for the right to succeed the title of Honinbo, Shuei died without designating his successor.
- 左大臣近衛忠煕や内大臣三条実万とともに献策して、水戸藩へ勅諚を賜るよう運動する(戊午の密勅)。
- Working with Sadaijin (minister of the left) Tadahiro KONOE and Naidaijin Sanetsumu SANJO, he played a key role in submitting a plan to the emperor to give the Mito clan an imperial decree (Bogo no mitchoku - a secret imperial decree).
- いずれにしても赤穂城開城後は伏見に移住して大石内蔵助らによる浅野家御家再興運動に助力している。
- After the surrender of Ako Castle, Shigeyuki moved to Fushimi and contributed to the campaign for the restoration of the Asano clan, which was led by Kuranosuke (Yoshio) OISHI.
- 1912年の第1次護憲運動の後、大正7年(1918年)9月に立憲政友会の原敬が内閣を組閣した。
- After the first Constitution protection movement in 1912, Takashi HARA of the Rikken seiyukai formed his Cabinet in September 1918.
- 一連の寺内内閣の言論弾圧に対し新聞社は激しく抗議し、言論報道の自由に関する運動に発展していった。
- Newspaper companies made a vigorous protest against a series of suppression of free speech by the Terauchi Cabinet and it gradually developed into the movement about freedom of press.
- 明治政府は不平を持つ士族の反乱や自由民権運動への対応の中から、議会制度の必要性を認識していった。
- While handling Fuheishizoku-no-Hanran (rebellions of former samurai with gripes) and Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), the Meiji Government began to realize the need for a parliamentary system.
- 三峠断層帯、西山断層帯、有馬-高槻構造線、花折断層などいくつもの断層の運動からできた盆地である。
- The basin was formed by active faults, including those in the Mitoke Fault Zone, Nishiyama Fault Zone and Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line, and in addition, Hanaori Fault.
- このことからも、三島による弾圧がいかに自由民権運動にとって障害となっていたかを窺うことができる。
- The incident tells that Mishima's oppression was a formidable barrier to Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- 1888年アメリカから帰国後、慶應義塾在学時代から知遇を得ていた後藤象二郎の大同団結運動に参加。
- After he came back from the United States in 1888, he joined the Great Merger Movement led by Shojiro GOTO, with whom he a long acquaintance since he was a student at Keio Gijuku.
- その後、日本棋院棋士との交流手合もあり、また棋院への復帰運動もあったが、瓊韻社にとどまり続けた。
- After that, there were exchange matches with kishi of Nihon Ki-in, and also a return movement to Nihon Ki-in, however, he remained in Keiin-sha.
- 日常的な暮らしの中で使われてきた手仕事の日用品の中に「用の美」を見出し、活用する日本独自の運動。
- The movement is unique to Japan in which 'beauty of necessaries' in daily necessities used for handwork in everyday life, are found and used.
- しかし、国民各層にはその考え方が次第に浸透して行き、自由民権運動の気運が高まるきっかけとなった。
- However, the idea slowly seeped into every class of people and triggered the rise in the momentum toward Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- 同年設置された政府の水質審議会指定河川から渡良瀬川が除外されたことも運動を大きくする原因になった。
- Another cause that led to the fuelling of the movement was that Watarase-gawa River was excluded from the Water Quality Designated Rivers established by the government in the same year.
- この時期、台湾総督府は軍事行動を全面に出した強硬な統治政策を打ち出し、台湾居民の抵抗運動を招いた。
- During this period the Taiwan Sotoku-fu (Government-General) took a hard-line policy backed up by military force, which caused the growth of resistant movements among the people in Taiwan.
- しかし、一方で、村落の代表者として、年貢の減免運動の先頭に立つなど、村民の利害を代表して行動した。
- However, on the other hand, as a representative of a village a Shoya or Nanushi represented his interest for the benefit of the village residents; such as, acting as a leader of a protest movement toward a reduction and/or exemption from a nengu (land tax).
- この研究記事がきっかけとなり、棚田嘉十郎・溝辺文四郎らが中心となり平城宮跡の保存の運動が起こった。
- This study article brought a movement of preserving the Heijo-kyu Palace Site that was mainly directed by Kajuro TANADA, Bunshiro MIZOBE, and others.
- また堺利彦・片山潜らの反戦運動や与謝野晶子やキリスト教の立場からする内村鑑三の非戦論も唱えられた。
- Additionally, Toshihiko SAKAI and Sen KATAYAMA started an anti-war movement and Akiko YOSANO and Kanzo UCHIMURA from the Christian viewpoint spoke of pacifism.
- 牢から出た河野は、後藤象二郎の自由民権派を糾合する大同団結運動に参加し、大同倶楽部結成に参画する。
- Released from prision, KONO took part in the Daido danketsu (Grand Coalition) Movement which rallied the democratic rights movement by Shojiro GOTO, and participated in the planning of Daido club.
- その後、兄の民蔵・弟の虎蔵(寅蔵、のちの滔天)は彼の遺志を継いで孫文の革命運動の有力支援者となる。
- His brothers, elder Tamizo and younger Torazo (Tomizo later Toten) later took over his last wish and became major supporters of the Sun Yat-sen revolutionary movement.
- 明治8年(1875年)に参議に復帰し大阪会議に参加したが、間もなく辞職して自由民権運動を推進した。
- He resumed the post of Sangi in 1875 to take part in the Osaka Conference, but soon resigned the post and concentrated on promoting Jiyu Minken Undo.
- 楠瀬喜多(くすのせ きた、天保7年(1836年) - 大正9年(1920年))は日本の婦人運動家。
- Kita KUSUNOSE (1836 to 1920) was a Japanese women's movement activist.
- 最初の妻は陸奥宗光の妹・初穂(1877年死去)、後妻は女性解放運動家として知られる岸田俊子である。
- His first wife was Hatsuho (died in 1877) who was the younger sister of Munemitsu MUTSU and the second was Toshiko KISHIDA who was known for the activist for women's liberation movement.
- 反キリスト教運動が広がりを見せる中で、各地のグループが次第に統合していき、義和拳となったのである。
- As the anti-Christianity movement spread, groups from various areas merged together, becoming the Giwa Martial Art.
- 自由民権運動の頃から批判の対象とされ、大正デモクラシーでは「閥族打破・憲政擁護」が合言葉とされた。
- It was the subject of criticism since the time of the Freedom and People's Rights and 'Dispel clique group. Defend constitutional government' was the slogan of Taisho Democracy.
- このような後継内閣の政策を見てもわかるように、第一次憲政擁護運動が成した意義は大きかったと言えよう。
- Judging from this attitude of the succeeding cabinet, it is clear that the first Kensei Yogo Undo played a significant role.
- だが途中荒れた道や、線形 (路線)勾配のきつい道が点在するので普段運動をしない人にとって多少厳しい。
- However, as there are bumpy roads or roads with high inclination dotting the mountain, the hiking can be tough for people who do not usually do any exercises.
- 元弘元年(1331年)、後醍醐が2度目の鎌倉幕府討幕運動である元弘の変を起こすと、還俗して参戦する。
- When Godaigo initiated the Genko Incident which was the second movement to topple the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in 1331, he quit the priesthood and joined the war.
- 旧来の歌舞伎の近代化を図る知識人のグループ「求古会」の要請により、演劇改良運動の一環として書かれた。
- It was written as a part of campaign to improve dramas upon the request of `kyuko kai,' a group of intellectuals that aim to modernize classic kabuki.
- 自由民権運動が高まる中、御誓文は立憲政治の実現を公約したものとして一般に受け止められるようになった。
- While the Freedom and People's Rights Movement was growing, Charter Oath was accepted generally as a pledge of realization of constitutional government.
- だが、この繁栄ぶりに嫉妬した同業者からは迫害され、組合からの追放や引き抜き、不買運動などを行われる。
- However, he was persecuted from those who were in the same trade that were jealous of the way he prospered, and he was banished from associations, his employees were hired away, he was boycotted, and so on.
- その後も長州藩は尊王攘夷運動に邁進するが、禁門の変の敗北、下関への四国連合艦隊襲来により窮地に陥る。
- The Choshu clan were still promoting Sonno Joi, but they ran into problems due to their defeat in the Hamaguri Rebellion (Kinmon no Hen in Japanese) and the attack on Shimonoseki by the four countries' combined fleet.
- 戊辰戦争後の士族反乱から自由民権運動に至る途上の東北地方の人心慰留につとめ各地の開拓と開発を行った。
- While the Tohoku region in those days was in the midway from Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) after Boshin Civil War to Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), he made an effort to dissuade the hearts of the people from resigning or leaving their lands, and carried out the reclamation and development in various places.
- ただし、第二次憲政擁護運動は第一次のように暴動が起こることもなく、それほど盛り上がることもなかった。
- Unlike the first Kensei Yogo Undo, the second campaign was lacking in enthusiasm, involving no riots.
- 囃子言葉と共に政治情勢が歌われたことから、世直しを訴える民衆運動であったと一般的には解釈されている。
- As the political situation was often sung with utterances to maintain the rhythm of a song, it is generally understood that it was a people's movement wishing for a better society.
- 地元の反対運動、不況、大洪水などあり着工したのは認可から10年後の明治32年(1899年)となった。
- Due to protests by local residents, recession and heavy floods, construction began 10 years later in 1899.
- その運動は、社会主義協会 (1900年)(社会民主党結成以前から存在)と平民社に受け継がれていった。
- Their movement was passed on to the Shakaishugi kyokai (the Socialist Association), which was formed in 1900 prior to the Shakai minshuto's establishment, and the Heiminsha (the newspaper company that published the Heimin Shinbun, the Commoner's News).
- 大石が御家再興運動や堀部らとの論争をしている頃、江戸幕府では吉良家に対して厳しい処分を下し始めていた。
- While Oishi was working hard for the restoration of the Asano clan and having a dispute with Horibe, the Edo bakufu sentenced Kira to some strict punishments.
- また、この日露戦争当時、一進会会員は、当時の伝統であった長髪、髷をやめ、自主独立運動の象徴としている。
- Also, during the Russo-Japanese War, the members of Isshinkai quit their long hair and beard which was a tradition of the times, as a symbol of the independent movement.
- 市の北端のかわきた自然運動公園内に、木津川 (京都府)、宇治川、桂川 (淀川水系)の3川合流点がある。
- There is a joining of the Kizu-gawa River, Uji-gawa River, and the Yodo-gawa River in Kawakita Nature and Sports Park located in the northern edge of the city.
- ロシアはなお陸軍は維持していたが、海軍力の大半を失い、国内でも革命運動が発展していたため講和に傾いた。
- Russia still sustained the army but, due to the fact that much of the sea power had been lost and a revolutionary movement was developing within the country, it leaned towards making peace with Japan.
- その運動のは同22年(1989年)の東京美術学校の設立へと結実し、その結果として鑑画会は自然消滅した。
- The movement led to the establishment of Tokyo School of Art in 1989 and as a result, the Kangakai disappeared on its own.
- 薩摩藩最高実力者島津久光は兵を率いて上洛し、尊皇攘夷派を取り締まり、朝廷に運動して公武合体を推進した。
- Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, the most powerful man of the Satsuma clan, led forces to Kyoto, suppressed the Sonnojoi group and promoted Kobu gattai by influencing the Imperial Court.
- 1874年(明治7年)からの自由民権運動において、様々な憲法私案(私擬憲法)が各地で盛んに執筆された。
- During the Freedom and People's Rights Movement since 1874, many common people all over Japan published their own ideas for a constitution.
- 1887年(明治20年)の保安条例では、民権運動家は東京より退去を強いられ、これを拒んだ者を拘束した。
- Regulations for the Reservation of Law and Order in 1887 enforced people-rights activists to leave Tokyo, and if activists refused, they were captured.
- 飯島幸人東京商船大学名誉教授も船同士の相対運動に潮流は関係ないとして潮流説に否定的な見解を述べている。
- And Yukihito IIJIMA, professor emeritus at Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, criticized the changing tides theory by also asserting the view that tidal speed has no effect on the relative velocity of ships riding the same current.
- 維新後も洋学の普及を主唱、国会開設運動が全国に広がると、一定の距離を置きながら、英国流憲法論を唱えた。
- Even after the Meiji Restoration, he kept advocating the necessity of spreading the Western learning; when the movement towards the establishment of the National Diet was spreading in Japan, he advocated an English-style constitution by keeping a distance from the movement.
- 西洋画の団体「明治美術会」に活動の拠点を移し、仲間とともに東京美術学校に洋画科を開設するよう運動した。
- Naojiro moved his base to a Western-style painting organization the 'Meiji Art Society,' and with his friends acted for the foundation of a Western-style painting department in the Tokyo Fine Arts School.
- けれども、民撰議院が世情の関心の的となったことで、本格的な自由民権運動の種子をまいたと評価されている。
- However, it is appreciated as it sowed seeds of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement because democratic representatives gathered public attention.
- だが、実際に帝国議会が開かれると、「民党」と称された自由民権運動の流れを汲む野党勢力が激しく抵抗した。
- When the Imperial Diet actually met, the opposition force called 'minto' (political parties opposing the han-based administration) that was in favor of Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Rights) showed strong resistance.
- 青年志士国野基(くにのもとい)とそのいいなずけ富永お春を中心人物とし、当時の自由民権運動を背景とする。
- The main characters of Secchubai include the young patriot Motoi KUNINO and his fiancée Oharu TOMINAGA, with the story developing in the context of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement in those days.
- 政友会は立憲国民党の犬養毅らと提携し、護憲運動の陣頭に立ち、西園寺内閣の後任の第3次桂内閣と対立した。
- The Seiyu-kai Party formed an alliance with Tsuyoshi INUKAI of the Rikken (Constitutional) National Party, led the movement to protect the constitution, and confronted the Third Katsura Cabinet that succeeded the Saionji cabinet.
- しかし幕末にはこの負担が多くの大名の財政を圧迫し、むしろ幕府への不満を増大させ、討幕運動の遠因となった。
- However, toward the end of the Edo period, this obligation put a strain on the finances of many daimyo, increasing their dissatisfaction with the bakufu and becoming an underlying cause of the anti-shogunate movement.
- その後、2度にわたる憲政擁護運動を経て、大正デモクラシーと言われるように言論界も活況を呈するようになる。
- After that, going through two campaigns to defend constitutionalism, the press became active, and this is also known as Taisho democracy.
- 弾左衛門屋敷は山谷堀の今戸橋と三谷橋の間にあり、現在の東京都立台東商業高等学校の運動場あたりに相当する。
- The residence of Danzaemon was located by the Sanya-bori Moat, between two bridges, Mitani-bashi Bridge and Imado-bashi Bridge, roughly where the playground of Tokyo Metropolitan Taito Commercial High School is located today.
- 早くより真木和泉、吉村寅太郎ら尊王攘夷派の志士と交わって公武合体派の排斥運動では急先鋒となって画策した。
- From the early times, he joined with the patriot of the Sonnojoi ha (supporters of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians), such as Torataro YOSHIMURA, and Izumi MAKI, and in the boycott of the kobu-gattai (party of advocating Kobu-Gattai which unites the court and the shogunate) he was the vanguard of conduct.
- 浅井国幹(あざい こっかん、1848年 - 1903年)は、明治時代に漢方復興運動に奔走した日本の医師。
- Kokkan AZAI (1848-1903) was a Japanese doctor in the Meiji period who engaged in the Kampo (traditional Chinese medicine practiced in Japan) Revival Movement.
- なお線路を敷設するのには、鉄道が当時の日本人にとっては未知のものであったことから、反対運動が多くあった。
- There were many campaigns against the railway construction since railway was unknown to the Japanese people in those days.
- しかしながら、民衆運動や政争に利用され、仙人になるために水銀などの危険薬物を使うため、やがて廃止された。
- However, because the institution ended up being used for controlling ordinary people's movements and political strife, and because dangerous substances such as mercury used in the formation of a sennin, were employed there, the institution was later abolished.
- しかし東京大歌舞伎ではなかなか役に恵まれず、大正時代には市川左團次 (2代目)の演劇革新運動に加わった。
- In Tokyo Oo Kabuki, however, he was unable to obtain satisfactory roles and, in the Taisho period, he joined the theater reform movement of Sadanji ICHIKAWA (II).
- しかし1927年、左派が協会の主導権を握ると右派の離脱を惹起し、台湾における社会運動は分裂することになる。
- In 1927, however, the left wing took control of the association and the right wing withdrew from the association, which incident resulted in a split of the social movement in Taiwan.
- ただし、君が代の歌詞への反対意見や、教育現場での君が代斉唱反対運動は現在でも続き、賛否両論が対立している。
- However, there still exists pro and con opinions against the words of Kimigayo and opposition movements against the chorus reading of Kimigayo in the field of education.
- 文久2年(1862年)、公武合体運動推進のため兵を率いて上京する(3月16日鹿児島発、4月16日京都着)。
- In 1862 he went to Kyoto, leading his army in order to promote Kobu Gattai (Union of Court and Camp) movement (he left Kagoshima on April 14 and arrived to Kyoto on May 14).
- 明治天皇の政治関与には強く反対し、元田永孚らが侍補制度を定めて天皇親政運動を行った折にはその阻止に動いた。
- Strongly opposing the political participation of Emperor Meiji, when Nagazane MOTODA established the Emperor assistant system to launch the Movement of Direct Rule by the Emperor he obstructed it.
- しかし欧米の研究者たちは、義和団は帝国主義に自覚的でなく単に外国人恐怖症からくる排外運動だと主張している。
- However, researchers from Europe and the US emphasized that Boxers were unaware of the empire doctrine, and the anti-foreign movement was born from simple xenophobia.
- その後も大井は自由党再興運動を起こすが実らず、翌1890年に中江兆民らとともに自由党再興を独自に宣言した。
- Nevertheless, Oi launched a restoration campaign of Liberal Party in vain, and in 1890 (the following year), together with Chomin NAKAE and others, he declared the restoration of the Liberal Party on their own.
- だが、この内閣は立憲政友会などの政党側のみならず一般国民からも反感を買い、第2次護憲運動によって倒された。
- This administration however antagonized not only political parties such as Rikken Seiyukai but also the general public, and was overthrown in the second constitution protection movement.
- この説をとる研究者の多くは、1903年秋以降、鉱毒被害地が豊作になったことで運動が弱体化したと考えている。
- Many of those researchers who supported this idea consider that the movement weakened when the peasants in the copper poisoned area had a rich harvest from autumn in 1903 onward.
- その後、第2次護憲運動では研究会主導の清浦内閣を攻撃して護憲三派と結ぶなど活発な活動を見せた時期もあった。
- Thereafter, the Tea Party did at times still take vigorous action, as when they joined forces with the Gokensan faction in an attack on the Kiyoura cabinet, which was largely led by Kenkyukai, during the second movement to defend the constitution.
- この時代には朝鮮人による合法的民族運動が盛り上がり、朝鮮文学の発展や大都市における大衆文化の発達が見られた。
- In this period, legal racial movement by the Koreans became active, and development of Korean literature and that of popular culture in big cities were seen.
- 8月6日にはこの運動はさらに激しさを増し、水橋町、滑川市の住民も巻き込み、1,000名を超える事態となった。
- On August 6, the movement increasingly escalated and over 1,000 people including residents in Mizuhashi-machi town and Namerikawa City joined it.
- 15代将軍となった慶喜により大政奉還が行われるが、王政復古 (日本)、小御所会議を経て討幕運動が主流となる。
- The ruling power was relinquished by Yoshinobu (formerly Keiki) TOKUGAWA, who had become the 15th Shogun but the anti-Shogunate movement became more dominant with the restoration of Imperial rule and the establishment of the national political council held at Kogosho in Kyoto.
- もしくは、それらが何らかの主張のもと既成の支配体制に対して武力行使を含む抵抗運動を展開している状態を指した。
- Ikki also referred to a state in which the uncertified military forces would carry out a resistance movement, including the use of armed forces, against the existing regime based on a claim.
- 1882年(明治15年)、自由民権運動を推進する自由党勢力が盛んな福島県に県令として着任して弾圧を開始した。
- In 1882, he was appointed to Kenrei of Fukushima Prefecture where power of Liberal Party, which promoted Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), was enormous and he started oppression.
- 新平はスカウト運動の普及のために自ら10万円の大金を日本連盟に寄付し、さらに全国巡回講演会を数多く実施した。
- He donated a large sum of 100 thousand yen, (roughly about 775 million yen in today's value), from his pocket money to popularize Boy Scout activities, and also held many lecture presentations for promotion throughout Japan.
- しかし、薩摩藩の主導する公武合体運動を支持して「航海遠略策」に賛同したため、尊皇攘夷派の志士から敵視された。
- However, since he supported Kobu Gattai (Union of Court and Camp) movement led by the Satsuma domain and approved 'Kokai enryaku saku' (a strategy to trade foreign countries in order to strengthen the power of state), he was regarded as an enemy by supporters of the doctrine of restoring the Emperor and expelling the barbarians.
- 学生運動の経験もあり、安保反対・米軍撤退を主張しているが、既成の左翼の権力主義的な行動を激しく論難し続けた。
- While Oshima experienced campus activism, showing objections against a security alliance and insists on the withdrawal of U.S. troops, he strongly continues to criticize authoritarian activities of the conventional left wing.
- 粛親王と川島浪速は後に協力して満州独立運動に荷担していくが、二人の運命は義和団の乱以降交叉し始めたといえる。
- Prince Su and Naniwa KAWASHIMA later cooperated with each other while assisting with the independent movement of Manchuria, but their fates crossed from the Boxer Rebellion.
- だが、自由党元総裁板垣退助は自分が疎外された事から運動から距離を置き、立憲改進党の大隈重信も懐疑的であった。
- However, Taisuke ITAGAKI, former president of the Liberal Party, distanced himself from the movement because he was alienated and Shigenobu OKUMA of the Constitutional Progressive Party was skeptical.
- 戦後の部落解放運動の歴史のうえで、部落問題の視点による天皇制批判の好材料としてたびたび議題に上げられてきた。
- In the history of the postwar Buraku (discriminated communities) Liberation Movement, it has been raised as a good example to criticize the Emperor system from the point of view of Buraku problems.
- これは当時、全国水平社が部落解放運動を展開し、差別的な言動を廃絶しようとする動きがあったことを意識している。
- This indicates that he was conscious of a campaign led by Zenkoku Suiheisha (the National Levelers' Association) to develop Buraku Liberation Movement for abolishing discriminatory language and behavior.
- しかし、辛亥革命以後の白話運動や簡体字の導入などによって、漢文と現代中国語の文体に差異が生じるようになった。
- However, due to the vernacular language movement in China after the Xinhai Revolution and the introduction of simplified Chinese characters, a distinction between classical and modern Chinese arose.
- この時期の鉱毒反対運動は、最大の被害地、毛里田村期成同盟会(のちの毛里田地区期成同盟会)が活動の中心となった。
- In this period, the movement was led mainly by the Morita Village Association (later changed its name to the Morita Area Association) which had been formed by the residents of the most damaged area.
- 大正デモクラシーとは、日本の大正時代に現れた政治・社会・文化の各方面における民主主義、自由主義的な運動を指す。
- Taisho Democracy refers to the movements that emerged in Japan's Taisho period, urging for greater freedom and democracy in politics, society and culture.
- 元弘3年(1333年)、後醍醐天皇による鎌倉幕府打倒運動が起きると、鎌倉は足利義詮や新田義貞の攻撃により陥落。
- When a movement to topple the Kamakura bakufu by Emperor Godaigo in 1333 took place, Kamakura fell after attacks by Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA and Yoshisada NITTA.
- 跡地は京都市により運動公園として整備されたほか、解体予定だった模擬天守は地元の要望もあり残されることとなった。
- The site was rearranged as an athletic park by Kyoto City, and the replica castle, which was planned to be demolished at first, was decided to remain by the local's request.
- 更に民衆による土一揆の発生や後南朝による南朝再興運動など、幕府にとってはかつてない事態に遭遇するようになった。
- Moreover, the bakufu encountered new problems never before seen, including the peasants' uprisings that began to occur and efforts to restore the Southern Court by gonancho (former Southern Court forces).
- 高齢者・子供・呼吸器疾患患者の外出禁止、一般市民の屋外活動禁止・外出自粛、室外での運動競技の中止・延期を勧告。
- It is urged that senior adults, children, and persons with respiratory disease should be prohibited from going outdoors and that the general public should be prohibited from doing outdoor activities, should avoid going outdoors and should stop or postpone outdoor sport events.
- 慶応3年(1867年)には再び江戸に出て西郷隆盛と会い、薩土(薩摩藩と土佐藩)同盟を結んで討幕運動を目指した。
- When he went to Edo again to meet Takamori SAIGO in 1867, he formed an alliance between the Satsuma Domain and the Tosa Domain, and he aimed for the anti-shogunate movement.
- 会員は政教社同人のほかに黒龍会の内田良平 (政治運動家)、および孫文らの中国革命を援助した宮崎滔天らであった。
- Apart from the coteries of Seikyo-sha, its members consisted of Ryohei UCHIDA (political activist) who found the Kokuryu-kai as well as Toten MIYAZAKI who supported the Chinese Revolution that Sun Yat-sen led to.
- 明治の日本では、極めて過酷な労働環境への反発から労働組合期成会が結成されるなど、社会運動が高まりを見せていた。
- In the Meiji period of Japan, social movements became active including the formation of Rodo Kumiai Kiseikai (association for establishment of labor unions) as a backlash against extremely harsh labor environments.
- 民党(みんとう)とは、明治時代の自由民権運動を推進してきた自由党_(明治)・立憲改進党などの民権派各党の総称。
- Minto is the general term of the political parties such as the Liberal Party (in the Meiji period) and the Constitutional Progressive Party and so on which promoted the Movement for Democratic Rights in the Meiji Period.
- 自由民権運動の真の成功は、これらの権利を永久不可侵の「基本的人権」と定めた日本国憲法施行を待たざるをえなかった。
- The freedom and popular rights movement came to reach true success when the Constitution of Japan came into force that regarded people's rights as the inviolable fundamental human right.
- 当時、明治政府は政府主導による憲法制定・国会開設を着々と準備する一方で、民権運動に対する弾圧政策を強化していた。
- At that time, the Meiji Government was promoting the preparation of the government-led formulation of a constitution and establishment of the National Diet while it was strengthening an ironfisted policy to democratic movements.
- 馬術(ばじゅつ)はウマに騎乗して運動の正確さ、活発さ、美しさなどを目指すスポーツ、技術体系、また競技種目である。
- Equestrianism (called 'bajutsu' in Japan) refers to recreational activities and competitive sports and a system of technique of riding or driving horses and aiming at accuracy, activity, beauty, and so on.
- しかし、自由民権運動の高まりや、諸制度の整備による改革の成熟などもあり、1881年に「国会開設の詔」が出された。
- Yet, due to the rising tide of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, and the maturity of the reform resulting from the organized systems, the 'Imperial edict of establishment of the National Diet' was finally submitted in 1881.
- 国臣は京で北条右門を通じて斉彬の側近だった西郷隆盛と知り合い、善後策を協議、公家への運動を担当することになった。
- Kuniomi became acquainted with Takamori SAIGO, a close adviser to Nariakira, through Umon HOJO, and the two discussed relief measures, Kuniomi set to be in charge of the movement against kuge (court nobles).
- 大姫入内運動は、頼朝が通親・丹後局に利用され、朝廷の反幕府派の台頭、親幕府派の壊滅を招く重大な結果をもたらした。
- The plan of Ohime's judai by Yoritomo was utilized by Michichika and Tango no Tsubone and resulted in serious situations such as the emergence of anti-bakufu group and the fall of pro-bakufu group in the Imperial Court.
- 文久3年(1863年)、藩命により航海術を学び、その後京都学習院への出仕を命じられ、京洛での尊攘運動に邁進する。
- In 1863, he studied seamanship by orders of his clan, and then was ordered to serve in Kyoto Gakushuin School, where in capital Kyoto he pushed forward with the Sonjo (Sonno-Joi) movement.
- 民芸運動(みんげいうんどう)とは、1926年(大正15年)、「日本民芸美術館設立趣意書」の発刊により開始された.
- MINGEI (National Art) Movement is a movement started by the first issue of 'Prospectus for establishment of the Japanese Folk Crafts Museum' in 1926.
- 酒屋会議(さかやかいぎ)は、明治時代前期に造酒税の引き上げに対する抗議として酒造業者が起こした日本全国的な運動。
- Sakaya Kaigi is the brewers' opposition movement against the sake-brewing tax hike, which took place throughout Japan in the early Meiji period.
- 自由民権運動の穏健派(改進党など)に近い立場をとり、『国民之友』では進歩的な言論や欧米での社会問題が紹介された。
- Minyu-sha took the position close to moderates faction of The Freedom of People's Rights Movement (such as Kaishin Party), and progressive comments and European and American social problems were introduced in 'Kokumin no Tomo'.
- そのような中での府県制の公布と帝国議会開設による「請願権」の獲得は新県設置に向けた運動を高まらせる要因となった。
- In that period, because the prefectural system was issued and 'the right of petition' was introduced through the establishment of the Imperial Diet, the movement to create a new prefecture was growing.
- 最初の運動は、1890年、栃木県足利郡吾妻村(現在の佐野市吾妻地区)会が足尾鉱山の操業停止を求める決議を採択した。
- The first movement developed in 1890 as the association of Azuma Village, Ashikaga County, Tochigi Prefecture (present Azuma district of Sano City) resolved to ask the company to suspend the operations of Ashio mines.
- 一方、自由民権運動は3月に起きたロシア帝国のアレクサンドル2世暗殺事件の影響で過激な論調が現れるようになっていた。
- On the other hand, in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, radical opinions were expressed after assassination of Alexander II of the Russia Empire in March.
- 幕末の混乱した政局の中、第15代将軍徳川慶喜は朝廷に統治権を返上する大政奉還を行い、倒幕運動の大義名分を失わせた。
- Amid political turmoil, at the end of the Edo period, the 15th Shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA returned political power to the Imperial Court (Taisei Hokan), and diminished the legitimate reason for the movement to overthrow the Tokugawa Shogunate.
- が、短歌否定論に対抗し、戦後歌壇を樹立する目的の下に、昭和22年(1947年)新歌人集団という運動体が結成された。
- However, to counter such opinions, a new movemental organization called Shin Kajin Shudan (The New Poets Group), with the aim of establishing a postwar tanka circle, was formed in 1947.
- 政友会を通じて内閣総辞職の内幕が知れ渡ると国民の間ににわかに「閥族打破、憲政擁護」の気運が高まり護憲運動となった。
- Once the story from inside the cabinet of the resignation of all the cabinet members was leaked out and spread through Seiyu-kai Party, the sentiment to 'destroy the clique families, protect politics by the constitution' suddenly gained momentum among the citizenry, and the constitution protection movement started.
- 1937年、日本統治期最後の政治団体である地方自治連盟が解散に追い込まれ、「台湾人」による政治運動は終わりを告げた。
- When in 1937, the Taiwanese Federation for Local Autonomy, which was the last political organization during the period of Japanese rule, was forced to shut down, which incident marked the end of political movements by 'Taiwanese.'
- しかし、明治末年からの長い婦人運動苦闘の歴史を経て、日本女性の中には政治的権利を希求する意識が着実に醸成されていた。
- Nonetheless, the long struggle by women's movements since the last year of the Meiji period had led to a desire for political rights among Japanese women.
- 播磨を巡る山名氏と阿波細川家の潜在的対立は、持常の後を継いだ成之の、赤松家の再興運動への助力という形になって現れる。
- The potential rivalry between the Yamana clan and the Awa Hosokawa clan over Harima, was revealed as Shigeyuki, who succeeded the family head after Mochitsune, supporting in the restoration movement of the Akamatsu family.
- 江戸の天下泰平の世の中(鎖国体制下の社会)を乱されたくない・邪魔されたくないといった心情は、攘夷運動になっていった。
- The feeling that they did not want to have the peaceful world of Edo (society under a system of national isolation) was disturbing and disruptive, and ultimately it led to the movement for the expulsion of foreigners.
- この「難波津会」の運動は、伝来の御家流に修正を加える努力を開始し、今日のかな書道の基底を形成する上に大きく貢献した。
- 'Naniwazu-kai' started a movement for making efforts to add corrections to the Oie style, largely contributing to forming a bases of today's kana calligraphy.
- 1331年(元弘元年、元徳3年)から開始された後醍醐天皇の倒幕運動である元弘の乱の最後の戦いで、鎌倉幕府は滅亡した。
- The war was the last phase of the Genko War which was started by Emperor Godaigo as the anti-shogunate movement in 1331, and the Tosho-ji War put an end to the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- これを機縁として、薩長藩閥による政権運営に対する批判が自由民権運動となって盛り上がり、各地で政治結社がおこなわれた。
- Following this statement, criticism of oligarchy by Satsuma and Choshu clans grew into the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, and political associations were established in various places.
- しかし女性の結社権を禁じた5条1項は残されたため、婦人団体を中心に、治安警察法5条全廃を求める運動がその後も続いた。
- However, the campaign for abolition of Security Police Law Article 5 was continued by mainly women's organizations after that because the first clause of Article 5 that prohibited women's freedom of association was not revised
- これに対し、第5回、第6回押出しが行われており、鉱毒反対運動の弱体化は、事件や裁判とは関係ないと考える研究者もいる。
- However, some researchers say the Kawamata Incident or the trials of the Kawamata Incident had nothing to do with weakening of the opposition movement because two demonstrations, the fifth and the sixth, were staged after that.
- 三代 藤原秀衡は陸奥守・鎮守府将軍の地位を得たが、敵対心を抱いた頼朝により免官運動がなされ、程なく免官されたという。
- FUJIWARA no Hidehira, the third head of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan, got the position of Mutsu no kami and Chinju-fu shogun; however, it is said that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who developed a feeling of hostility toward Hidehira, took actions for Hidehira's dismissal and soon Hidehira was dismissed.
- 藩閥政治の行き詰まりと民主政治の高まりを示すこととなり、これ以後、普選運動など大正デモクラシーの流れをつくっていった。
- Taisho Seihen that caused the dead end of the clique politics and the growth of democracy generated a momentum for Taisho Democracy including the approval of the Universal Manhood Suffrage.
- 憲政党の第1次大隈内閣、立憲政友会の第4次伊藤内閣に際しては政府提出法案の否決などで倒閣運動の主導的な役目を果たした。
- At the time of the first OKUMA Cabinet based on Kensei-to Party and the fourth ITO Cabinet based on Rikkenseiyu-kai Party, they played a leading role in the movement to overthrowthe cabinets by denying bills submitted by the governments.
- この怨恨により、郷士から武市瑞山、坂本龍馬、中岡慎太郎といった人材が生まれ、彼らの活躍により倒幕運動は一気に早まった。
- As the result of hard feelings against such treatment, talented people such as Zuisan TAKECHI, Ryoma SAKAMOTO and Shintaro NAKAOKA appeared among the Goshi, and their success effectively sped up the Tobaku movement.
- また、特定の教会には属さず、自宅で聖書とのみ対峙する、「無教会運動」(指導者として内村鑑三や南原繁などが有名)がある。
- There is also a 'Non-church movement' to advocate facing the Bible alone at home without belonging to any specific church (famous leaders include Kanzo UCHIMURA and Shigeru NANBARA).
- 明治10年(1877年)西南戦争が勃発すると、高知に板垣退助を訪ね、国会開設運動の母体として愛国社の再結成を協議した。
- In 1877, when the Seinan War broke out, he visited Taisuke ITAGAKI in Kochi Prefecture, and talked about re-forming Aikokusha (Society of Patriots) as the base of the movement for establishing the National Diet.
- 亀井茲矩の少年期に展開された尼子再興運動は、常に強大な毛利軍と寡兵で戦わねばならず、一時的な成果しかあげられなかった。
- He had to fight against the strong Mori forces with outnumbered troops for the campaign for the restoration of the Amago clan, which was carried out when Korenori KAMEI was a boy, and he merely made temporary achievements.
- 俳句・短歌の改革運動を成し遂げた子規は、近現代文学における短詩型文学の方向を位置づけた改革者として高く評価されている。
- Shiki succeeded in the reform movement of Haiku and Tanka and was highly praised as an innovative reformer who set the course for tanshi (a verselet) style literature in present day literature.
- 東京帝大では小泉八雲の後任として教鞭を執ったが、学生による八雲留任運動が起こり、漱石の分析的な硬い講義も不評であった。
- In Tokyo Imperial University, he succeeded Yakumo KOIZUMI, but the students asked for Yakumo to stay and Soseki's pedantic and analytical instruction was unpopular among them.
- 京都の地で尊王攘夷運動が高まりを見せると、久邇宮朝彦親王(のちの朝彦親王)などとともに、公武合体(親幕)派と目される。
- As the Sonno Joi Movement (the movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) mounted in Kyoto, along with the various other people including Imperial Prince Asahiko Kuninomiya (later called Imperial Prince Asahiko), Nariyuki was regarded as a part of the kobu-gattai (integration of the Imperial Court and the Shogunate) (pro-shogunate) faction.
- 鎌倉時代後期の1333年(元弘3)に後醍醐天皇の討幕運動から元弘の乱が起こると、細川氏は足利尊氏の挙兵に参加している。
- In 1333, during the late Kamakura period, when the Genko Rebellion occurred as a result of an anti-shogunate movement led by Emperor Godaigo, the Hosokawa clan joined the army of Takauji ASHIKAGA.
- 1889年(明治22年)島地黙雷・井上円了らとともに天皇崇拝を中心とする仏教政治運動団体「尊皇奉仏大同団」を結成した。
- In 1889, with Mokurai SHIMAJI and Enryo INOUE, he established an organization of Buddhist political activity, 'Sonno hobutsu daido-dan' (great union of dedicators of reverence for the emperor and devotion to Buddhism) advocating worship of the emperor.
- さらに加藤ら護憲三派は、関西で憲政擁護大会を開いて演説を行なうなどして国民からの支持を呼びかけるなど、盛んに運動する。
- The members of the Goken Sanpa led by KATO and others organized a vigorous campaign to gather popular support by addressing to the public at rallies they held in the Kansai Region to call for a constitutional government.
- 戦時の抑圧を脱し、信教の自由を回復した天理教は、革新運動を放棄して復元に転じ、現在も有力な新興宗教として活動している。
- The Tenri sect, which was freed from the suppression during the war and restored freedom of faith, gave up its reform activity and turned to restoration, and currently is working as a powerful emerging religion.
- 地方三新法が制定された頃は、西南戦争は終結に至るも、農民一揆が頻発し、また自由民権運動が拡大しつつある社会状況であった。
- When the Three Local New Laws were enacted, the Seinan War had drawn to its close, but peasants' uprisings were occurring frequently and the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) was growing.
- 平凡社の『朝鮮を知る事典』では、一進会を「親日御用団体」と呼び、表立った運動以外にスパイ活動などにも協力したとしている。
- In '朝鮮を知る事典'(Encyclopedia to know Korea) published by Heibon-sya, Isshinkai is called 'pro-Japanese order-taker organization' with the mention that they cooperated as spy other than their outer activities.
- しかし、大正14年(1925年)には普通選挙法と同時に治安維持法が公布され、国体の変革を包含する言論や運動が禁止された。
- However in 1925, the Maintenance of Public Order Law was proclaimed along with the Universal Manhood Suffrage Act, and speeches and activities containing changes of national polity were prohibited.
- 加えて、下野した木戸や自由民権運動を率いている板垣らを牽制、懐柔するため、に大阪会議を開催し、立憲政体の詔書を発布した。
- Additionally, to warn and to conciliate Kido who resigned from the post of councilor, Itagaki who was leading Jiyu Minken Undo (the Movement for Liberty and People's Right) and their sympathizers, Okubo held the Osaka Conference to proclaim the imperial edict on the constitutional system of government.
- 幕府は一橋慶喜が京都へ赴き、大政委任の確認させるなど運動するが、尊攘派は天皇の大和行幸による王政復古 (日本)を目指す。
- Keiki HITOTSUBASHI, representing the Shogunate, went to Kyoto to have the Entrustment of Political Power confirmed but the Sonjo Group aimed for the restoration of imperial rule by having the Emperor tour throughout Japan.
- 移転の際に住民から反対運動が起こったので、福澤は次男福澤捨次郎の新居を伝研の隣りに作って、伝研が危険でないことを示した。
- While the project of moving Denken to Atago-cho was proceeding, the residents launched a campaign against Denken; to prove that Denken was safe, Yukichi built a new house for his second son Sutejiro next to the site for Denken.
- 藩閥政治を批判し、明治20年(1887年)の三大事件建白運動に参加し、保安条例で東京を追われ、出版条例違反で投獄される。
- Being critical of the oligarchic government dominated by hanbatsu (domain cliques), HOSHI participated in the political campaign called Sandaijikenpaku Undo (a movement triggered by the petition calling for establishment of three pillars) in 1887, but he was driven out of Tokyo according to hoan jorei (regulations for the preservation of law and order) and then was arrested for violation of publication regulations.
- 林 きむ子(はやし きむこ、明治17年(1884年) - 昭和42年(1967年))は舞踏家、作家、社会運動家、実業家。
- Kimuko HAYASHI (1884 - 1967) was a dancer, author, social activist and a businesswoman.
- ことに重根は、当時福岡黒田家中を代表する文化人で、実山と号し、京都文化とのつながりも深く、茶の道に独自の運動を展開した。
- In particular, Shigemoto was the key literary figure within the Fukuoka Kuroda family (participating under the name of `Jitsuzan`) and heavily involved in the Kyoto cultural scene where he launched out on his own independent pursuit of the tea ceremony.
- 中国の洋務運動や戊戌変法、日本の明治維新における一連の改革、朝鮮の甲午改革・光武改革といった諸改革が、その変革に当たる。
- Followings are examples of such reforms, yomu undo and Hundred days' reform in China, series of reforms during the Meiji period in Japan and reforms in Korea such as Gabo reform and Kwang-mu reform.
- 大同団結運動分裂時のしこりは新しい立憲自由党にも持ち込まれ、後の第1次山縣内閣による自由党土佐派の切り崩しの遠因となる。
- The ill feelings of the division of the movement to unite for a common purpose were carried into the new Constitutional Liberal Party, which would be an underlying cause to undermine organizational unity of Tosa school of Liberal Party by the First Yamagata Cabinet which would come into power.
- が、自由民権運動が高まると、それを苦々しく思っていた薩長藩閥政府はメディア統制を試み、さきの二つの条例を出したのである。
- However, after the Freedom and People's Rights Movement became active, the government of Saccho (Satsuma Domain and Choshu Domain) which was feeling the bitterness tried to control media and promulgated the above two regulations.
- 戊申詔書による風紀引き締めと同時に社会主義運動を弾圧、幸徳事件の摘発や南北朝正閏問題への介入、出版物の取締強化を行った。
- The cabinet not only enforced discipline by Boshin Shosho (imperial edict, decree issued in 1908) but also cracked down on socialism, conducted the prosecution of Kotoku Incident (The High Treason Incident), intervened the legitimacy of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and strictly regulated publishing.
- だが折から澎湃として沸き起こった尊王攘夷運動の志士たちから反撥を受け、坂下門外の変により安藤が失脚、公武合体は頓挫する。
- However, royalists in the movement of 'Sonno Joi' (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners), which was then rising like a flood tide, went against 'kobu-gattai,' and some of them attacked Ando in the Sakashita Mongai Incident, so Ando lost his position and 'kobu-gattai' came to a sudden stop.
- 打ちこわし(うちこわし)とは、江戸時代の民衆運動の形態のうち、不正を働いたとみなされた者の家屋などを破壊する行為のこと。
- Uchikowashi refers to an action to destroy residences of the people who were considered to act wrong, and it was one of the patterns of grass-roots movements in the Edo period.
- 放生津周辺に集中していた幕府直臣団料所・石清水八幡宮料所などの独自の経済基盤が、義材の京都復帰運動を支えたとみられている。
- The campaign for Yoshiki's return to Kyoto is considered to have been supported by their own economic base, including bakufu jikishin-dan ryosho (territory under the direct control of bakufu's direct retainers) and Iwashimizu Hachimangu ryosho (territory under the direct control of Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine) which were concentrated near Hojozu.
- 第二次世界大戦中日本に亡命していたスバス・チャンドラ・ボースなどのインド独立運動家を指して「インド独立の志士」とも呼んだ。
- Subhas Chandra Bose, a leader in the Indian independence movement who fled to Japan during the World War 2, was also called a ''Shishi' of the Indian independence movement'.
- 立憲改進党(りっけんかいしんとう)は明治時代の自由民権運動の代表的政党の一つ(1882年4月16日-1896年3月1日)。
- Rikken Kaishin-to or Constitutional Progressive Party (effective from April 16, 1882 to March 1, 1896) was one of the major political parties of Japan in the time of Freedom and People's Rights Movement in the Meiji period.
- 育児以外にも、時代の風潮(1960年代は、デモ・学生運動など左翼の全盛期であった)などもあり、妃ともども、苦労が多かった。
- The Imperial couple not only worked hard in rearing their child, but also was anxious about various matters peculiar to the era (the leftist movement including demonstrations and student movements was most furious in the 1960s).
- 表向きは一揆が禁止されていた中で実際には百姓身分の権利行使運動として恒例化していた江戸時代のいわゆる百姓一揆の時期を経た。
- Although ikki was ostensibly prohibited during the Edo period, there was actually a period of time during which the so-called hyakusho ikki (peasant uprisings) regularly broke out as the peasantry sought to exercise their rights.
- おりしも東京・中野刑務所の移転が検討されていた事もあり、運動の甲斐あって1983年(昭和58年)に月形刑務所が設置された。
- Around this time, a relocation of Nakano Prison in Tokyo was under consideration, and thanks to the movement, Tsukigata Prison was set up in 1983.
- 明治維新後、全国的に忠臣の顕彰運動が高まり、刀伊の入寇、弘安の役の戦死者とともに新城神社(長崎県壱岐市勝本町)に祀られた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, he was deified in Shinjo-jinja Shrine (Katsumoto-cho, Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture) with people killed in the Toi invasion and the Koan War (second Mongol invasions), due to nationwide uprising of movement to honor loyal subjects publicly for their unrecognized good deeds.
- 日本における国会開設と憲法制定は、自由民権運動への譲歩という側面を持ち、そこでは国家予算が国会の承認を要することになった。
- Establishment of the National Diet and formulation of the Constitution in Japan had an aspect of compromise with the Freedom of Rights Movement, and as such, it became necessary to gain the approval of the Diet for the state budget.
- ただし、本来は自由民権運動を継承する民党側からの蔑称であり、政府・マスコミ及び当事者達は温和派(おんわは)と呼称していた。
- The term was originally a derogatory term used by the Minto party who supported the Movement for Liberty and People's Rights, and at the time they, and the media, called themselves 'Onwaha.'
- 舞鶴鎮守府が設置され、軍需都市として発展した旧東舞鶴市(東舞鶴)では、住民気質が全く異なり、舞鶴市東西分離運動が活発化した。
- People in the old Higashi-Maizuru City (Higashi Maizuru) where Maizuru Chinju-fu was founded and developed as a military city, were quite different, which brought a movement to life to separate the two cities.
- また同年来日した清国の洋務運動知識人の王韜との交遊を契機に、翌年結成された日本最初の本格的アジア主義団体・興亜会に参加した。
- He formed a friendship with Wang Tao, a Qing's intellectual involved in the Western Affairs Movement, who came to Japan in the same year (1879), and influenced by the association with Wang, he took part in Koakai group, the first organization of full-blown Asianism in Japan founded the following year.
- 事実、現在の差別問題に関する認識、見解、解放運動のベクトルは様々で、この問題のある一定以上の捉え方は非常に難しいものである。
- In fact, the perspectives regarding those recognition, opinion, liberation movements toward this particular discrimination issue varry so much that it is extremely difficult to go beyond the basic grasp of the matter.
- 明治から試みられていた口語・自由律や、石川啄木にまでさかのぼれるプロレタリア短歌の運動が起こったのも昭和に入ってからである。
- It was during the Showa period where movements for the colloquial style, free verse from the Meiji period and for the proletarian tanka styles attributable to Takuboku ISHIKAWA started to gain headway.
- 民権運動の盛り上がりに対し、政府は讒謗律、新聞紙条例の公布(1875年)、集会条例(1880年)など言論弾圧の法令で対抗した。
- As the movement intensified, the government issued a series of laws and regulations, including the Zamboritsu (Defamation Law), the Shinbunshi Jorei (Press Regulations) in 1875, and the Shukai Jorei (Assembly Regulations) in 1880, that suppressed free speech.
- これ以降の時代は、国策である銅の増産に協力しない者は非国民であるという主張がされるようになり、鉱毒反対運動は一時下火になった。
- After that, people came to say that persons who did not cooperate with the copper production were betrayers of the country, because the increase production was demanded as a national policy, therefore the movement against the mining pollution temporarily subsided.
- いわば梁啓超らは明治日本において陽明学の再発見・再評価したのみならず、陽明学を柱とする国民精神創造運動も取り込んだといえよう。
- In other words, Liang Qichao not only rediscovered and reevaluated Yomeigaku but also introduced the movement to create a national spirit supported by Yomeigaku into China from Japan during the Meiji period.
- また1902年末に抗日運動を制圧した後は、台湾総督府は日本の内地法を超越した存在として、特別統治主義が採用されることとなった。
- After the anti-Japanese movement was put down at the end of 1902, the Sotoku-fu became an entity not subject to Japanese law and the special governance approach was adopted.
- 1927年成立の田中内閣は田中外交と呼ばれる中国での積極政策を推進し左翼運動を弾圧するが、張作霖爆殺事件の処理を巡り退陣する。
- The Tanaka Cabinet, which was established in 1927, adopted the aggressive policy in China so-called Tanaka diplomacy and oppressed leftist movement, but the cabinet was forced to resign en masse concerning the management of Assassination of Sakurin CHO.
- このことが自由民権運動や初期帝国議会における激しい政府批判を招き、また地租に替わる財源として酒造税の相次ぐ増税の一因となった。
- This deletion of the provision invited Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) and fierce criticisms against the government in the initial Imperial Diet; in addition, it became a cause of a series of tax increase of brewery tax as the financial resource to replace land-tax.
- 更に今日では、鎌倉幕府末期の後醍醐天皇が主導した鎌倉幕府倒幕の動き(正中の変・元弘の変)のことも「倒幕運動」と呼ぶこともある。
- Nowadays, the movements led by Emperor Godaigo at the end of the Kamakura period, as intended to overthrow Kamakura Bakufu (the Shochu Incident or the Genko Incident), are also sometimes referred to as the Tobaku movement.
- 渡辺の名のルーツが消えるのに反対する運動が渡辺氏の末裔の間で起こり、結局丁目の後ろの番地の変わりに渡辺の名が残ることになった。
- There was a protest campaign by the descendants of the Watanabe clan against that the roots of the Watanabe clan to be disappeared, and eventually, the name of Watanabe remained in the address replacing the block number.
- 当時隆盛をきわめていた「リアリズム写真運動」を批判的に継承しつつ、東松照明や奈良原一高らによる新しい写真表現の登場を支持した。
- He critically succeeded to 'Realistic Photo Movement' which flourished in those days, but at the same time, welcomed the appearance of new types of photographic expression by Shomei TOMATSU, Ikko NARAHARA and so on.
- 破壊の危機に瀕したいたすけ古墳の保存運動などをきっかけに、古墳は保存すべき文化財との認識が広まり、近年では大規模な破壊はない。
- In recent years, there has been no major destruction of kofun because of preservation activities of Itasuke Kofun, and people share recognition that kofun should be preserved.
- その性急な挙兵は少弐氏や大友氏の支持を得られず、自滅する結果となるが、武時の探題襲撃計画は九州における討幕運動の契機となった。
- The rapid raising of an army could not get support of the Shoni clan and the Otomo clan, which resulted in his self-destruction, however, Taketoki's plan to attack the tandai triggered the anti-shogunate movement in Kyushu.
- 13代将軍徳川家定の将軍後継問題では、橋本左内を京都に派遣して運動させ、一橋徳川家当主の一橋慶喜(後の徳川慶喜)を後押しする。
- For the issue on succession to the 13th Shogun Iesada TOKUGAWA, he sent Sanai HASHIMOTO to conduct a campaign and supported Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI (later Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA), the head of Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family.
- しかし、北条一族の運動により大老の酒井忠清の取り成しで、氏治は新たに藩を立てるという名目で1万石が与えられて継ぐこととなった。
- However, with help from the Tairo (chief minister) Tadakiyo Sakai, who was convinced by the HOJO family, Ujiharu was awarded with 10,000 Goku (crop yields) under the pretext of establishing a new domain, and thus he was able to succeed Sayama Domain.
- 彼らは内地雑居への反対運動を通じて次第に連携を強め、1893年に安部井磐根・佐々友房・神鞭知常らによって大日本協会を結成した。
- They developed a strong partnership as they led the opposition movement against the government's policy of allowing non-Japanese to live anywhere in Japan, and Iwane ABEI, Tomofusa SASSA, Tomotsune KOMUCHI and some other activists formed the Dai Nihon Kyokai (Great Japan Association) in 1893.
- 鞆町の活性策として1983年に港の一部を埋め立てて道路と公園を整備する構想が広島県から公表され、反対運動などから凍結されていた。
- For revitalizing Tomo-cho town, Hiroshima Prefecture announced a plan of reclaiming the harbor partially for roads and parks in 1983, but it was frozen for a while by the opposition campaign, and so on.
- 市役所訪問後、天皇が進講を受けるため来学することが予定されていた京都大学でも、前年1950年以降、学生運動が高揚に向かっていた。
- Beginning the previous year in 1950, the student movement was on the rise at Kyoto University which the Emperor was scheduled to visit after the City office in order to have a briefing.
- 京都府学連委員長を務めて学生運動を行い、1951年の京大天皇事件や、1953年に松浦玲が放校処分になった荒神橋事件等に関わった。
- He was in charge of the president of the student committee in Kyoto Prefecture and involved in campus activism, such as the Incident on the Emperor in Kyoto University in 1951 and the Incident of Kojin-bashi Bridge in 1953 when Rei MATSUURA mandated an expulsion for a student.
- 1878年(明治11年)、政府転覆運動に荷担した疑いで夫の宗光が禁固5年の刑に処せられ、山形監獄(のちに宮城監獄)に収監された。
- In 1878, her husband Munemitsu received a sentence of five years' imprisonment for suspicion of taking part in the movement to overthrow the government, and he was imprisoned in the Yamagata prison (later moved to the Miyagi prison).
- 1923年の関東大震災の大被害を契機として京都に居を移した柳は、濱田庄司、河井寛次郎らとともに、いわゆる「民芸運動」を展開した。
- In 1923, when Yanagi moved to Kyoto after the Great Kanto Earthquake, he expanded the so called 'Mingei Movement' together with Shoji HAMADA and Kanjiro KAWAI.
- しかし知識人階級から六三法撤廃は台湾の特殊性の否定であるとの批判が出ると、台湾に議会設置を求める台湾議会設置請願運動が開始される。
- However, when intellectuals criticized this movement, saying that repealing Law No. 63 meant the denial of the special character of Taiwan, the new movement was initiated to call for the establishment of a parliament in Taiwan.
- またはそのために盟約、契約を結んで、政治的共同体を結成した集団及び、これを基盤とした既成の支配体制に対する武力行使を含む抵抗運動。
- 'Ikki' can also refer to a group of people that form a political community by entering into an alliance or a contract to achieve an objective and to a resistance movement (which may employ armed force) formed by a group in opposition to the established government.
- 柳田国男の論を受けた渡辺保によれば、「踊り」が飛躍や跳躍を含む語であるのに対し、「舞」は「まわる」つまり円運動を意味する語である。
- According to Tamotsu WATANABE who is following a theory by Kunio YANAGIDA, the term 'Odori' (dances in Classical Japanese dance, and so on) also refers to jumping, but, the term 'Mai' (dances in Noh) means 'revolving' which means a circular movement.
- 国粋主義、農本主義的立場から、薩長藩閥とも板垣退助ら自由民権運動とも異なる保守的な中正主義で、土佐派の重鎮として重きをなしていた。
- From the standpoints of nationalism and agricultural fundamentalism, he took a conservative moderate policy that was different from the Satsuma-Choshu domain clique and the Freedom and People's Rights Movement led by Taisuke ITAGAKI, and he was thought highly as a leading figure of the Tosa School.
- また、良蔵の母方の叔父にあたる人物で、豊前国本願寺末院を預かる僧玉暎が上京して勤王運動に携わっているのを聞き、その謀議に加わった。
- Furthermore, he joined the conspiracy when he heard that Buddhist monk Gyokuei, an uncle on Ryozo's mother's side and a monk in charge of a subsidiary temple of Hongan-ji Temple in Buzen Province, was in Kyoto and was involved in the movement to revere the Emperor.
- のち、徒目付や御用部屋書役などを務め、西郷隆盛・大久保らと始めとする精忠組の中心人物として藩政をリードし、尊皇討幕運動を推進した。
- Later, having served as Kachi-metsuke (a person in charge of night duty and inspection), Goyobeya-shoyaku (a clerical of the senior councilor's office) and so on, he took a leading role in the domain duties as a chief member of the Seichugumi organization including Takamori SAIGO and Toshimichi OKUBO, and promoted Sonno-tobaku (literally, reverence for the emperor and the overthrow of the shogunate) movement.
- その一方で、超然主義を支持する他会派とは違い、自由民権運動系の政党への敵意は弱く、第1次大隈内閣に対しては好意的な中立を維持した。
- On the other hand, it was different from other factions that supported the nonparty principle, and with less hostility toward parties for the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, it favorably maintained neutrality toward the first Okuma Cabinet.
- しかし、明治35年以降、新川柳の改革運動に押され、しだいに縮小、昭和の十三世川柳まで会は続いたが、影響力はまったくなくなっていた。
- However, by 1902 it was in a weaker position due to reform movements by the new senryu, and, declining little by little, it continued until the time of Senryu the 13th in the Showa period, when it lost its influence completely.
- いっぽう板垣は参議就任により、愛国社創立運動の失敗を招いたため、自由民権派から背信行為を厳しく糾弾され、釈明に追われることとなった。
- On the other hand, Itagaki's assumption of office as Sangi caused the movement of the formation of Aikokusha (literally, the Society of Patriots) to fail, so he was severely criticized by the Jiyu Minken fraction for his betrayal and pressed to offer vindication.
- まず仮名文字表記論の方は清水が、大槻文彦らと1883年(明治16年)に「かなのくあい(かなの会)」を設立し、精力的に運動を展開した。
- At first, as to the opinion to express Japanese in kana character, Shimizu established 'Kana no kai' (an association of kana) in 1883 with Fumihiko OTSUKI and actively campaigned.
- 立憲問題では初めは制定に反対であったが、自由民権運動の高まりや井上毅の具申を受けて方針をかえ、大日本帝国憲法の制定に向けて尽力した。
- Although he originally opposed the idea of a constitution, he changed his policy in response to the growing movement for civic rights and freedom and also to the opinion of Kowashi INOUE. He also devoted himself to the establishment of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 自由民権運動の弾圧や、大逆事件を積極的に推し進めたこと、宮中某重大事件での宮中への必要以上の容喙等から山縣の人気は生前から低かった。
- Yamagata in his lifetime was unpopular because he suppressed democratic rights movements, aggressively fomented high treason and unnecessarily trusted the Imperial Court when the certain serious incident occurred.
- やがて日本にいる留学生らが反仏運動の結社を組織し活動しだすと、フランス側は留学生の親族を投獄し、送金を妨害するなどして弾圧を行った。
- When Vietnamese students and others in Japan began to form an anti-French movement organization and started its campaign, French government cracked down on them in different ways, which included putting their relatives in prison and interfering with money transfers.
- この頃には国民の間で政党内閣の復活や普通選挙要求などが日増しに高まっていたこともあって、国民の間で再び憲政擁護を求める運動が発生した。
- By that time, the voices of the people calling for the revival of party politics and universal suffrage were growing bigger and bigger with each passing day, which again generated Kensei Yogo Undo among the people.
- 生野代官所支配地を中心に分離運動が高まり、1869年(明治2年)、但馬(但馬北部の一部除く)、播磨、美作3ヶ国を生野県として分離した。
- As separatist movements was mounted in places dominated by the Ikuno magistrate's office, three provinces of Tajima (except for a part of northern Tajima), Harima and Mimasaka were separated from Kumihama Prefecture and formed Ikuno Prefecture in 1869.
- 京都学連事件(きょうとがくれんじけん)は1925年(大正14年)12月以降、京都帝国大学などでの左翼学生運動に対して行われた弾圧事件。
- Kyoto Gakuren Jiken (Kyoto Affair of the Student Federation) was a suppression incident occurring on and after December 1925 against the left wing student movement in the Kyoto Imperial University and so forth.
- 神仏分離令は仏教排斥を意図したものではなかったが、これをきっかけに全国各地で廃仏毀釈運動がおこり、各地の寺院や仏具の破壊が行なわれた。
- Although the Edict for Separation of Shinto and Buddhism was not issued for the purpose to exclude Buddhism from the country, it triggered a nationwide anti-Buddhism campaign, and people destroyed temples and Buddhist altar fittings across the country.
- 明治35年(1902年)、東本願寺の改革運動に加わったことにより、住職を罷免され僧籍からも除名される(のちに除名処分は取り消される)。
- In 1902, he was dismissed from his position as the chief priest and his name was removed from priesthood because he was involved in the reform movement at Higashi Hongan-ji Temple (the punishment of removing his name was later rescinded).
- まもなく伊藤は侍補の廃止を決断する一方、高まる自由民権運動に対抗するために道徳教育の強化には同意して政府の教育政策の継続が認められた。
- Soon Ito decided to abolish the role of jiho but agreed to strengthen moral education to hold out against the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) and decided to allow the continuation of the government's education policy.
- 木造瓦葺き2階建ての蔵造りを思わせる日本民藝館本館は、第二次世界大戦にも焼け残り、戦後も民芸運動の拠点として地道に活動を継続している。
- The main tower of the Japan Folk Crafts Museum which looks like kura-zukuri style of two-story wooden tiled roof remained after World War II and steady efforts are being continued as the foothold of the Mingei Movement after the war.
- 前衛短歌運動は、塚本邦雄の衝撃的な表現から始まり、中井英夫の賛同を得、岡井隆・寺山修司といった同志を獲得し、歌壇全体に影響を及ぼした。
- Starting with Kunio TSUKAMOTO's poignant expressions, the avant-garde tanka poetry won the approval of Hideo NAKAI, gathered comrades such as Takashi OKAI and Shuji TERAYAMA, and affected all tanka circles.
- 主な対外政策としては、アジアに対してはアジア全域の革新運動の盟主に日本が立つことを主張して、欧米列強に対しては強硬な外交政策を掲げた。
- As its major foreign policies, the Toyo Jiyuto declared to Asian nations that Japan would become a leader of the reform movement throughout Asia, while it declared its hard-line foreign policy toward the allied Western powers.
- 武断政治は、植民地同化政策に反対する独立運動弾圧のために政治活動を一切禁止し、徹底した軍政のもと植民地統治の基礎を作ることを目的とした。
- Budan seiji banned all the political activities to oppress the independent movement against the integration policy of the colony, and aimed at laying the foundation for colonial administration under the strict military government.
- 1968年に東京・多摩地区の農家の土蔵から発見されて有名になった「五日市憲法」は地方における民権運動の高まりと思想的な深化を示している。
- The 'Itsukaichi Draft Constitution,' which is known to have been found at a warehouse owned by a farmer in Tama area, Tokyo in 1968, signifies how the movement powerfully and deeply permeated in the local areas.
- さらにこの憲政擁護運動は東京だけでは収まらず、関西などにおいても新聞社や議会の邸宅が襲われるなど、各地で桂内閣に反対する暴動が相次いだ。
- The Kensei Yogo Undo expanded from Tokyo to other parts of the nation including the Kansai area, where newspaper companies and houses of progovernment members of the Diet were also attacked, and developed into a series of anti-KATSURA cabinet riots all over the country.
- 高倉家伝来の古文書・典籍・装束などは、現在(旧名「高倉文化研究所」)に所蔵されており、同研究所は伝統保持のための運動を地道に進めている。
- The ancient documents, books and costumes that have been handed down through the generations in the Takakura family are now in the possession of the Takakura Cultural Institute (former name), which is making steady efforts to preserve the traditions.
- 1970年代には埋め立てて公園と駐車場にする計画が立てられたが「よみがえる近江八幡の会」「八幡堀を守る会」などの住民運動によって蘇った。
- Although there was a reclamation plan of the site to make a park and a parking lot in the 1970s, the castle was revived by citizens' movements including 'Yomigaeru Omihachiman no Kai' (Revitalize Omihachiman), 'Hachiman-bori wo Mamoru Kai' (Save Hachiman-bori Moat).
- その一方で教養部自治会のように大学側の主張に同意する自治会が現れるなど、一時は思想や運動方針の相違に起因する自治会同士の対立も発生した。
- In the meantime, some councils, such as the council of the department of liberal arts, conceded the decision of the university, and confrontation among councils arising from differences in philosophy or policy for movements also became apparent.
- 内山 愚童(うちやま ぐどう、1874年5月17日 - 1911年1月24日)は、日本の仏教者・僧(曹洞宗林泉寺住職)・社会主義運動家。
- Gudo UCHIYAMA (May 17, 1874-January 24, 1911) was a Japanese Buddhist, a monk (the chief priest of Rinsen-ji Temple, Soto sect), and a socialist activist.
- こうした開国への政策転換に対し「衛正斥邪」思想を持つ保守官僚から激しい反発が起こり、 1882年には儒者たちによる反対運動も起きている。
- Against the change to the policy, conservative government officials, who believed the thoughts of 'Eisei Sekija' (put value on justness and reject evil and wrong way) triggered a backlash, and there was also an opposition movement by Confucian scholars in 1882.
- さらに洋務運動官僚の劉坤一・張之洞らと関係の深い近衛が会長に就任すると孫文らの中国革命を支援する東亜会系の会員は次第に姿を消していった。
- In addition, as Konoe who had close ties to Kunyi LIU and Shido CHO, the Western Affair Movement bureaucracy became the chairman, the members of the Toa-kai which supported the Chinese Revolution that was led by Sun Yat-sen gradually left from the group.
- 新体制運動を展開し、全政党を自主的に解散させ、8月15日の民政党の解散をもって、日本に政党が存在しなくなり、議会制民主主義は死を迎えた。
- As the new order movement developed, all political parties were made to disband, and with the August 15th dissolution of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Minseito), the last political party in Japan disappeared and parliamentary democracy came to an end.
- しかし清浦内閣はほぼ全ての閣僚が貴族院 (日本)議員から選出された超然主義であり、国民の間で再び憲政擁護を求める第二次護憲運動が起こった。
- The cabinet consisting of nearly all of the members of the House of Peers was clearly detached from the principles of constitutional rule and sparked the second Movement to Protect Constitutional Government among the people.
- 様々な制限があったとしても、各地の府県会が自由民権運動派の政府攻撃の拠点となったことは、府県会自治が空虚な器でなかったことを意味している。
- Even though there were various limitations, the fact that the prefectural assemblies all over the country became the bases for the Jiyu Minken Undo sects to criticize and attack the government means that the autonomy of prefectural assemblies was not a hollow gesture.
- 孝明天皇は攘夷の意思が激しく、妹・和宮親子内親王を第14代征夷大将軍・徳川家茂に嫁がせるなど、公武合体運動を推進し、あくまで鎖国を望んだ。
- Emperor Komei was a strong believer of exclusionism, he let his younger sister Imperial Princess Kazunomiya Chikako marry to the fourteenth Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), Iemochi TOKUGAWA, and he encouraged the movement of the union of the Imperial Court and the Shogunate, he strongly wished isolation for the country.
- これに対し、在寮生で構成する吉田寮自治会を中心に卒寮生も含めた廃寮反対運動が高まり、自主入寮選考の成功で寮生数は減少するどころか増加した。
- With the rise in the opposition movement against the above decision conducted by the council of Yoshida dormitory and the graduates, however, the number of dormitory residents increased, instead of decreased, thanks to the success of autonomous selection of residents.
- 明治23年(1890年)には吉井友実や千家尊福らと神祇院再興運動を進めるが採用されず、また西村茂樹らと敬神・尊王・愛国思想の普及に尽くす。
- In 1890, following an unsuccessful bid by SASAKI, Tomozane YOSHII and Takatomi SENGE to revive the Jingiin (Institute of Divinities), SASAKI worked with Shigeki NISHIMURA to promote piety, reverence for the emperor, and patriotism.
- 陸奥は硬六派などを中心とした対外硬派の「条約励行運動」に反対して、漸進的な条約改正を目指して、まずイギリスとの間で治外法権の解消に努めた。
- Mutsu was against 'treaty enforcement movement' of the hard-line foreign policies faction centering on the hard-line six parties and others and worked to dissolve the extraterritoriality with the United Kingdom, aiming at incremental revision of treaties.
- しかし、近江八幡青年会議所は堀を近江八幡の誇りとして蘇らせようと、改修計画の見直しを迫り、八幡堀復活を求めて署名運動・自主清掃活動を行った。
- However, the Omihachiman Youth Chamber of Commerce sought to restore the canal as the pride of Omihachiman and pressed for reconsideration of the plan, organizing a petition drive and volunteer cleaning campaign aimed at the restoration of the canal.
- また、板垣、後藤、江藤、副島らは、に民選議院設立建白書を政府に提出して有司専制を批判し、議会開設を主な要求とする自由民権運動の嚆矢となった。
- Itagaki, Goto, Eto, Soejima and their sympathizers presented an opinion paper on establishing democratically elected parliament that criticized Yushi Sensei (despotism by domain-dominated government) to the government starting the Movement for Liberty and People's Right of which the establishment of the National Diet was the main demand.
- 「書道芸術社」で現代書の運動に関与した上田桑鳩と大澤雅休は、それぞれ書道芸術院内で、「書の美」と「平原社」のグループを結成し相拮抗していた。
- Sokyu UEDA and Gakyu OSAWA both of whom were concerned with movements for modern calligraphy in 'Shodo Geijutsu-sha' established the 'sho-no-bi' (calligraphic beauty) group and the 'Heigen-sha' (literally, plain association) within Japan Calligraphy Art Academy, respectively, competing with each other.
- しかし天皇機関説を唱えた美濃部達吉は、「長い梅雨が明けて、かすかながらも日光を望むことができたような気持ち」と、この運動を高く評価している。
- Tatsukichi MINOBE, an advocate of the emperor-as-organ theory, however, valued the second Kensei Yogo Undo highly, and commented 'you feel as though you were finally beginning to see a shaft of sunlight after the long rainy season.'
- 物理学者アルベルト・アインシュタインの相対性理論によれば、運動している物体の経過時間は、静止している物体の経過時間に比べて相対的に遅くなる。
- According to the theory of relativity advocated by the physicist Albert Einstein, the elapsed time of objects in motion is relatively slower than that of objects at rest.
- 大正政変(たいしょうせいへん)は、1913年(大正2年)2月、前年末から起こった憲政擁護運動(第1次)によって第3次桂内閣が倒れたことを指す。
- Taisho Seihen' refers to the collapse of the third Katsura Cabinet in February 1913, which resulted from the Campaign for the Defense of the Constitution (the first) that started at the end of the year before.
- ところが、一連の第2次護憲運動によって清浦内閣が5ヶ月で崩壊すると、今度は護憲三派に接近して普通選挙法通過と引き換えに政務次官の提供を受けた。
- In spite of the movement, when the KIYOURA Cabinet collapsed after five months of administration, Kenkyukai approached three advocates of protection of the Constitution, and received the offer to the post of parliamentary vice-minister in exchange for the passing of the bill establishing universal suffrage.
- 「福知山市と大戦」を伝える重要な資料の一つであり付近住民の署名運動などの反対の声もあったが、農地整地のため2007年1月に取り壊しが行われた。
- Since this airport was one of the important items representing 'Fukuchiyama City and the War,' people living around it objected to its removal through a signature campaign, but, it was demolished despite this in January 2007 to increase agricultural land.
- 京都木津川マラソン - 毎年2月に京田辺市の草内木津川運動公園を発着地点として、木津川の南岸のサイクリングコースを中心に行われるマラソン大会。
- Kizu-gawa River Marathon: a marathon held every February which starts in the Kusauchi Kizu-gawa River Sports Park in Kyotanabe City, and runs mainly along the bicycle path on the south side of the river, finishing in the park.
- 1863年(文久3年)8月17日(旧暦)、天誅組が五條代官所を襲撃、代官鈴木源内を殺害し倒幕運動の烽火を上げたことでも知られる(天誅組の変)。
- It is also known for an incident where tenchu-gumi (royalist party to inflict punishment) assaulted the Gojo daikansho and killed the daikan (local governor), Gennai SUZUKI on September 29, 1863, which lighted a signal fire of the movement to overthrow the Shogunate (Tenchu-gumi incident).
- 書道思想の普及、宣伝の新たな方策として、明治時代末期から大正時代にかけて書道の刊行物が発行され、今日の書道界におけるPR運動の先駆けとなった。
- From the end of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, publications on calligraphy were available as a new promotion tool to make calligraphic philosophy more popular, constituting an early form of the PR movement in the today's calligraphic world
- 一方、学生らの反対運動(後述)により吉田東寮は現在でも存続し、京大生とその家族など約180名が生活している(京都大学の定める定員は147名)。
- On the other hand, Yoshida East dormitory has continued to exist until the present thanks to the opposition movement conducted by the students of the time (to be mentioned later), and about 180 persons, including the students of Kyoto University as well as their families, are living in the dormitory (the predetermined number of personnel determined by Kyoto University is 147).
- また趣味の一つとされる鷹狩りに関して、司馬遼太郎は「運動が健康にいい事を知った日本で初めての人物かも知れない」と『覇王の家』の中で述べている。
- Concerning falconry, one of his hobbies, Ryotaro SHIBA wrote in 'Hasha no Ie' that 'He might have been the first person in Japan who had the knowledge that physical exercise is good for health.'
- 1919年の三・一独立運動後、内地における大正デモクラシーの影響もあって「武断政治」は融和的な「文化政治」(朝鮮総督府文化政治参照)に転換する。
- After the March First Movement in 1919, owing to the Taisho Democracy in the mainland, 'Budan seiji' was shifted to conciliatory 'Bunka seiji (cultural government)' (See Bunka seiji in Chosen Sotoku-fu).
- 吉田松陰、高杉晋作、西郷隆盛、河井継之助、佐久間象山が歴史上おり、革命運動(大塩平八郎 --大塩平八郎の乱)に呈する者が多かったのは事実である。
- Historical figures were Shoin YOSHIDA, Shinsaku TAKASUGI, Takamori SAIGO, Tsugunosuke KAWAI, and Shozan SAKUMA; most of them in fact aligned themselves with the revolutionary movement (such as Heihachiro OSHIO's rebellion).
- 大正デモクラシー運動(あるいは単に大正デモクラシー)は、大正時代に興った日本全体を巻き込む民主主義的あるいは自由主義的な風潮・思潮の総称である。
- The Taisho Democracy movement (or Taisho Democracy for short) is a name given collectively to the social climate and thought oriented toward democracy and freedom that emerged during the Taisho period and swept the entire country.
- そのうち11件は1911年の辛亥革命の後に発生し、そのうち辛亥革命の影響を強く受けた抗日運動もあり、4件の事件では中国に帰属すると宣言している。
- Of them, eleven uprisings occurred after the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, and some anti-Japanese movements were strongly influenced by the Revolution and four of them declared that Taiwan would belong to China.
- このような繋がりの増強は、後の倒幕運動にも生かされるようになり、薩摩藩は終始佐幕派を装いつつ、結果として秘密裏に薩長同盟を締結する事に成功した。
- The power thus strengthened was utilized in the Tobaku movement that followed, and while the Satsuma clan pretended to be pro-Bakufu at all times it ended up secretly concluding the Saccho Coalition.
- この頃、共存同衆や嚶鳴社に所属し、英米法制度に関する論文作成、陪審員制度の提案、憲法私案の作成、演説会・講演会での講演など活発に民権運動を行う。
- In those days, he belonged to Kyozondoshu and Omeisha and was actively involved in the civil rights movement; he wrote a paper about the Anglo-American legal system, proposed the adoption of the juror system, drew up a draft constitution, and made speeches at both oratorical and lecture meetings.
- 安政7年(1859年)に安政の大獄で松陰が刑死すると、高杉晋作らと行動を共にして尊王攘夷運動に奔走し、イギリス公使館焼き討ちなどを実行している。
- Once Shoin was executed in the Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the Shogunate) in 1859, Shinagawa joined Shinsaku TAKASUGI and gave himself to the Sonno Joi (reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) movement, involving himself in such actions as fire attacks on the British Legation.
- その後の福地は条野採菊のやまと新聞の顧問に迎えられて評論活動を続けながら、次第に演劇改良運動とそれを実践する劇場の開設に執念を燃やすようになる。
- After that, while Fukuchi became an adviser of Yamato Shinbun (newspaper company) of Saigiku JONO and continued critical activity, he had gradually devoted himself to Engeki kairyo undo (theatrical performance improvement movement) and establishment of theaters where it would be played.
- 同年11月、薩摩藩から倒幕運動の出兵要請を受けた藩主毛利敬親の命令で、全軍総督である毛利内匠の東征軍先鋒隊700人余とともに海路で京都に入った。
- In December of the same year,he went into Kyoto by sea along with some 700 people in the spearhead convoy of the expeditionary force to the east, which was under Takumi MOURI, governor of all the army, ordered by the lord of domain Takachika MORI, who had been requested by the Satsuma Domain to dispatch the troops for the movement to overthrow the Shogunate.
- その後、病気のために一時故郷高知県に戻って静養していたとき、板垣退助が征韓論政変で下野して自由民権運動を起こすために立志社 (明治)を結成した。
- He had returned to his hometown in Kochi Prefecture temporarily and was recuperating from his illness while Taisuke ITAGAKI resigned his position as the result of political upheaval caused by Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea) and organized Risshisha (Meiji Period) to start the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- 折りしも、後藤象二郎による大同団結運動が盛り上がっている最中であり、片岡の他に尾崎行雄や星亨もこれにこうじて民権派の団結と政府批判を呼びかけた。
- Just then, the campaign to unite for a common purpose by Shojiro GOTO was gathering stream, while Yukio OZAKI and Toru HOSHI, as well as KATAOKA, called for unity of the Civil-Right group and to criticize the government in accordance with the campaign.
- 憲政会の加藤高明と革新倶楽部の犬養毅が、清浦内閣を批判してその打倒を進めるという、第一次と較べるとあまりにも小規模な運動に過ぎなかったのである。
- In fact the second Kensei Yogo Undo was mainly spearheaded by Takaaki KATO of the Kenseikai Political Party and Tsuyoshi INUKAI of the Kakushin Kurabu Party who jointed forces to bring down the KIYOURA cabinet by openly criticizing it, which was overly low-profile campaign compared to the first Kensei Yogo Undo.
- 一旦解体したはずの大同団結運動が今度は板垣退助を擁して再燃し、政府内からも山縣有朋や後藤象二郎、伊藤博文、井上馨らが妥協案に反対する意志を示した。
- The Great Merger Movement that had once fallen apart was rekindled, this time involving Taisuke ITAGAKI, and even the insiders of the government such as Aritomo YAMAGATA, Shojiro GOTO, Hirobumi ITO, Kaoru INOUE and so on showed their will against the compromise plan.
- 1880年に入ると、立憲体制に消極的であった岩倉も自由民権運動への対応から、参議や諸卿から今後の立憲体制導入の手法について意見を求めることにした。
- From 1880, Iwakura, who was in a passive attitude to constitutional government started to request opinions from Sangi (councilor) and ministers to deal with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- 月ヶ瀬村では村を挙げての反対運動が行われ、奈良県やマスコミも声を上げたが、下流域の安全確保の大義の前にしてついに水没を回避することはできなかった。
- Tsukigase Village carried out official protests and Nara City and mass media also voiced opposition, but the construction could not be stopped for the cause of securing safety in the downstream area.
- 幕府権力の再強化や雄藩の政権への参加を目的とし、幕府は朝廷の伝統的権威と結び付き、尊皇攘夷(尊攘)運動を押さえ、幕藩体制の再編強化を図ろうとした。
- The Shogunate aimed to re-strengthen its power and to involve the major clans in government by associating itself with the traditional authority of the Imperial Court, and to suppress the Sonno joi or Sonno (Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians) Movement and strengthen and reorganize the structure of the Shogunate.
- 廃仏毀釈運動は明治以降、第二次世界大戦の敗戦まで一部の過激な神道家とこれに追随した一部民衆が行ったものの、一部地域を除き、民衆には普及しなかった。
- Since the Meiji period, the anti-Buddhism campaign had been promoted by some radical Shintoists and some people who followed such ideology until the end of World War II, but it eventually failed to prevail among ordinary people except for some areas.
- 翌・明治14年(1881年)に自由民権運動に歯止めをかけようとした伊藤博文らにより、いわゆる明治十四年の政変が起き、大隈重信が政府から追放された。
- In the next year, 1881, in order to stop the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, Hirobumi ITO and others initiated Meiji juyonen no seihen and expelled Shigenobu OKUMA from the government.
- 森の夫婦同等論は、夫婦同権論にまで踏み込むものでは無かったが、その後自由民権運動などと交叉する中で婦権拡張論として受け取られるようになっていった。
- Mori's idea on the equal between husband and wife did not develop to an idea of the equal rights between husband and wife, but it became to be received as an opinion to expand women's rights, related with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and so on later.
- 1881年5月、高知県の酒造業者300名が政府に対して造酒税の引下げ嘆願を提出するとともに、地元出身の自由民権運動の指導者植木枝盛に助力を求めた。
- In May 1881, 300 brewers from Kochi Prefecture presented the government with a petition for the reduction of sake brewing tax and at the same time sought cooperation from Emori UEKI who was the leader of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and was also from Kochi.
- 慶喜は衝突を避けるべく大坂城に退去し、諸外国の公使らを集めて徳川の正当性を主張、さらに朝廷に運動して辞官納地を修正させて穏やかな形に直してもらう。
- In order to avoid confrontations Yoshinobu retreated to Osaka-jo Castle, assembled the ambassadors from various foreign countries and asserted the legitimacy of Tokugawa; furthermore, he appealed to the Imperial Court and had the Jikan Nochi modified to more moderate terms.
- 1926年(大正15年)1月、3年前のマキノ映画製作所ボイコットと同様の独立プロダクション排斥運動をメジャー4社が行なうが、マキノはこれを打破した。
- In January 1926, four major movie companies boycotted independent movie studios in the same manner as they did against Makino Eiga Seisaku-jo three years before, but Makino endured such pressure.
- 政府は、国民の言論と政治運動を弾圧するため、1875年(明治8年)の讒謗律、新聞紙条例、1880年(明治13年)の集会条例など、様々な法令を定めた。
- The government issued various acts to oppress the citizens' speech and political activities such as the Defamation Law, Press Regulations in 1875 and the Public Assembly Ordinance in 1880.
- 同様に、例えばミュンヘン一揆のように世界史における庶民や民衆運動による反乱、暴動も日本語訳されるときに一揆の語を当てることが慣用化している面がある。
- Conversely, a riot and a revolt caused by commoners and a popular movement in world history, such as the Munchen Putsch, have been commonly translated into Japanese with the use of the word 'ikki.'
- この治安維持法はのちに戦前の悪法のひとつとされるようになるが、その悪法が護憲運動をもとに組閣された内閣のもとで成立したというのは、皮肉なものである。
- The Peace Preservation Law later became known to be one of bad laws enacted in the prewar period, however, it is rather ironic that such a bad law was made during the term of a cabinet established through campaign for protecting constitutionalism.
- そして1880年(明治13年)9月20日、3ヶ月にわたる上町町会の運動の末に県令が折れ、日本で初めて(戸主に限定されていたが)女性参政権が認められた。
- On September 20, 1880, after a three-month campaign by the Kamimachi town assembly, the prefectural governor gave in and permitted women's suffrage (of heads of household only), the first such breakthrough in Japan's history.
- 1333年(元弘3年)に鎌倉幕府討幕運動である元弘の乱が起こると賛同し、父の貞経に従って九州における北条氏勢力であった博多の鎮西探題北条英時を滅ぼす。
- When the Genko War, a war whose object was to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), broke out in 1333, Yorinao joined his father Sadatsune--both of whom were in support of the war--in a campaign to destroy Hidetoki HOJO, the chinzei tandai (military governor) of Hakata and the force of the Hojo clan in Kyushu.
- 1935年に刊行した句集『黄旗』を契機に、「ホトトギス」を離れ「馬酔木(あしび)」に同人として参加、水原秋桜子とともに新興俳句運動の中心的存在となる。
- In the wake of publication of a haiku collection 'Koki' (Yellow Flag) in 1935, he fell away from 'Hototogisu' and took part in 'Ashibi' as Dojin, and he became a leader of Shinko Haiku Undo with Shuoshi MIZUHARA.
- 翌585年(同14年)3月、物部守屋による廃仏運動により法衣を剥ぎ取られて全裸にされ、海石榴市(つばいち、奈良県桜井市)の駅舎で鞭打ちの刑に処された。
- On March 585 (the 14th year of Emperor Bidatsu's reign), Zenshin-ni was stripped of all her clerical garments and while naked, was punished by whipping at the station of Tsubaichi market place (present-day Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture) due to an anti-Buddhist movement by MONONOBE no Moriya.
- しかし、本土に比べ住民に負担の多い制度が多々存続したため、沖縄県各地で旧制度廃止・改善を要求する運動が起こり、政府は漸次本土並の制度を施行して行った。
- However, because of many remaining systems which placed a heavier burden on the residents than in the mainland, people campaigned for the abolishment or improvement of the old systems in various areas in Okinawa, and the government gradually implemented the same systems as in the mainland.
- 初期は巌本に加え、内村鑑三や植村正久や成瀬仁蔵などの、キリスト教の立場から論じる人々による女子教育論が発表され、廃娼運動を主張する中心的存在となった。
- Initially, articles on education of women discussed from the Christian perspective by various people such as Kanzo UCHIMURA, Masahisa UEMURA and Jinzo NARUSE in addition to Iwamoto were published whereby Jogaku Zasshi became a key player in advocating the movement to abolish prostitution.
- 赤旗事件で有罪となって獄中にいた大杉栄、荒畑寒村、堺利彦、山川均は事件の連座を免れたが、数多くの同志を失い、しばらくの期間、運動が沈滞することになった。
- Although Sakae OSUGI, Kanson ARAHATA, Toshihiko SAKAI and Hitoshi YAMAKAWA, who were serving their sentence for the Red Flag Incident, were not charged for complicity, they lost many comrades and the movement stalled for a while.
- 形態は新聞社であったが、社会主義者と社会主義支援者らのセンターの役割を担い、事実上、社会主義協会 (1900年)とともに社会主義運動の中心組織であった。
- Although it was a newspaper company in its appearance, it was in reality the central organization of socialistic movements playing the role of the center for socialism and socialism supporters together with the Socialist Association (in 1900).
- 同年11月3日には、婦人参政権獲得を目的とし、「新日本婦人同盟」(会長市川房枝、後に日本婦人有権者同盟と改称)が創立され、婦人参政権運動を再開している。
- On November 3 of that year, the 'New Japan Women's League' (with Fusae ICHIKAWA as chairwoman; it was later renamed the Women's Suffrage League of Japan), dedicated to winning women's suffrage, was founded to revive the women's suffrage movement.
- 1980年代までは、「老朽化した古いビルのオフィス街」という認識であったが、1988年に起こった旧神戸商工会議所ビルの保存運動が街再生のきっかけとなる。
- The perceptions of The Former Foreign Settlement was 'Business district of decrepit old buildings' until 1980, however, the preservation movement of Former Kobe Chamber of Commerce and Industry Building occurred in 1988 triggered the revitalization of the town.
- 明治維新(めいじいしん)は、江戸幕府による幕藩体制から、明治政府による倒幕運動および天皇親政体制の転換と、それに伴う一連の戦争(戊辰戦争)・改革をいう。
- The Meiji Restoration was the historic change from the feudal system of the Edo Shogunate to the system of direct Imperial rule by the Meiji government through the overthrow of the Shogunate, and the accompanying series of wars (the Boshin War) and reforms.
- 翌年、アメリカ合衆国のマシュー・ペリーが来航すると条約反対と外国人排斥による攘夷運動を訴えて尊皇攘夷を求める志士たちの先鋒となり、幕政を激しく批判した。
- Next year, at the time of the arrival of Commodore Perry from the United States, he spearheaded the royalists who looked for Sonno Joi (slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) with calling for opposition to the treaty and Joi Movement (the Movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners), and criticized shogunate government fiercely.
- 賀川豊彦(社会運動家)・松田竹千代(立憲民政党代議士。戦後、衆議院議長)・三木武夫(代議士。戦後、首相)らとともに「日米同志会」を立ち上げて会長となる。
- He worked with Toyohiko KAGAWA (engaged in a social movement), Takechiyo MATSUDA (a parliamentarian of Rikken Minsei-to political party, who became the Chairman of House of Representatives after the Second World War), Takeo MIKI (a parliamentarian who became the Prime Minister after the Second World War), etc. to found 'Japan-U.S. Fellow Association,' and he became the first chairman.
- 成瀬仁蔵の女子大学創設運動や、1899年に高等女学校令、私立学校令がそれぞれ公布されて法整備が整い、女子教育への機運が高まると、1900年に官職を辞職。
- With the movement for the establishment of women's colleges in Japan by Jinzo NARUSE, and the promulgation of Girl's Higher Education Law and Order of Private Schools in 1899, the public interest in Japanese women's education developed, and she resigned from the government post in 1900.
- 衆議院議員であり、農民運動の先導者であった田中正造は、1900年2月15日、事件に関する質問演説を行っている途中で、当時所属していた憲政本党を離党した。
- Shozo TANAKA, a member of the House of Representatives and a leader of the peasant movement, announced his departure from the Kenseihon Party which he was then affiliated when he was questioning the Kawamata Incident at the Diet meeting on February 15, 1900.
- またその一方で、核兵器廃絶を訴える平和運動にも積極的に携わり、ラッセル=アインシュタイン宣言にマックス・ボルンらと共に共同宣言者として名前を連ねている。
- He also actively took part in the peace movement for the abolition of nuclear weapons, being among the members including Max Born who jointly published the Russell-Einstein Manifesto.
- その見方を世間に定着させることになったのは、この事件の直後から主として藩閥政治に批判的で自由民権運動に共感する講談師たちが語り始めた伝三郎の伝記だった。
- This view was established by Kodan-shi (professional storytellers) who, critical of the clan-dominated political system and empathizing with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, started telling Denzaburo's biography right after the case.
- 演劇改良運動の影響を受けた明治時代の後期になって、従来の荒唐無稽な筋書きではなく、近代社会にふさわしい歌舞伎劇を志す文学者が新たな作品を書くようになった。
- In the late Meiji period, when Engeki kairyo undo (theatrical performance improvement movement) was influential, new works were written by literary people who pursued kabuki plays suitable for modern society instead of those with traditional preposterous stories.
- 言文一致(げんぶんいっち)とは、明治時代に、今までの文語文にかわって日常語を用いて口語体に近い文章を書くことを主張し、実践した運動と、書かれた文章を指す。
- Genbunicchi (unification of the written and spoken language) refers to the movement in the Meiji period that asserted that writers should write in a style close to the colloquial style Japanese, using everyday expressions instead of the previous literal style Japanese and practiced it, and to the works written in that style.
- そしてその調整策の結果、中継ぎとしての後醍醐天皇の即位、そして皇位継承への幕府の関与に対する異議申し立てに発する討幕運動へと展開していく事になるのである。
- As a solution, Emperor Godaigo was appointed to temporarily succeed to the throne, and this caused adverse claims and started a movement to close down the bakufu in order to prevent their participation in the Imperial succession.
- 明治23年(1890年)、同志社設立運動中に群馬県の前橋で倒れ、静養先の神奈川県大磯の旅館・百足屋で徳富蘇峰、小崎弘道らに10か条の遺言を託して死去する。
- In 1890, in Maebashi in Gunma Prefecture, Joe collapsed while working to found Doshisha, and passed away while recuperating at the Mukade-ya, a Japanese-style inn in Oiso, Kanagawa Prefecture; he entrusted his ten-item will to Soho TOKUTOMI and Hiromichi KOZAKI.
- 折りしも永享の乱後の関東地方の混乱鎮圧のために房定は鎌倉公方を復活させて前公方足利持氏の遺子の永寿王丸(後の足利成氏)の関東復帰を室町幕府に運動を始めた。
- Just then, Fusasada began persuading the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) into bringing Kamakura kubo (kubo: shogunal representative) back and making Eijuomaru (later, Shigeuji ASHIKAGA) who was a son of the deceased former Kamakura kubo Mochiuji ASHIKAGA inherit the hereditary position in the Kanto region to quell the disorder there in the aftermath of the Eikyo War.
- 1931年の満州事変以後、日本に対する中華民国の排日運動が激化していったが、日本軍部が「治安の維持」を口実に暴走し、中国大陸への派兵と侵略を進めていった。
- After the Manchurian Inciden in 1931, anti-Japanese movements in China became more serious, and the Japanese military sent its troops to China to invade the country; the Japanese military went out of control on the pretense of keeping 'public security.'
- 1883年以来、フランスの保護国であったベトナムでは日露戦争に刺激され、1904年頃、ファン・ボイ・チャウ(潘佩珠)らによって反仏運動の結社が組織された。
- Since 1883, Vietnam was a French-protected state, where, around 1904, Phan Boi Chau and others, inspired by the Russo-Japanese War, organized an association advocating the anti-French movement.
- 明治十四年の政変によって、自由民権運動に好意的と見られてきた大隈をはじめとする政府内の急進派が一掃され、政府は伊藤博文を中心とする体制を固める事に成功した。
- The 1881 Political Crisis drove off the radicals, which supported the freedom and popular rights movement, including Okuma, and helped the government establish a firm regime that had Hirobumi ITO as the central figure.
- 徳川家康による江戸幕府創設を決定付けた1600年の関ヶ原の戦いは、皮肉にも200年以上の時を超え各大名に多くの教訓を残し、それは倒幕運動へとつながっていく。
- It is ironic that the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, which was decisive in the establishment of Edo Bakufu by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, left many lessons to various daimyos over a period of more than 200 years, which led to the Tobaku movement..
- 自由民権運動の発展に対し、、開拓使官有物払下げ事件に端を発した明治十四年の政変で、伊藤博文は即時国会開設を唱えていた急進派の大隈重信一派を政府から追放する。
- To address the growing Movement for Liberty and People's Right, during the political coup of 1881 triggered by the incident in which the Hokkaido Development Commissioner disposed of state-owned articles, Hirobumi ITO drove out the left-wing faction under the leadership of Shigenobu OKUMA that was calling for immediate establishment of the Diet.
- 明治時代になると、犬山の鵜飼を復興する運動が始まり、1899年(明治32年)に岐阜県稲葉郡長良村(現岐阜市、長良川鵜飼)より鵜匠を招き入れ、鵜飼は復活する。
- In the Meiji period, there was a movement to revive Inuyama ukai, and in 1899, it started again with ujo invited from Nagara Village, Inaba District, Gifu Prefecture (present-day Gifu City; ujo of Nagara-gawa ukai).
- 鎌倉時代後期の1333年(元弘3)に後醍醐天皇の討幕運動から元弘の乱が起こると、阿蘇惟時は護良親王の令旨を受け、足利尊氏らと京都の六波羅探題攻めに参加する。
- When the anti-shogunate movement by the Emperor Godaigo developed into the Genko War in 1333, which was in the late Kamakura period, Koretoki ASO received ryoji (an order) from the Imperial Prince Morinaga and cooperated with Takauji ASHIKAGA to attack Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto).
- 日清戦争は明治維新後近代国家形成をめざす日本と1860年代から洋務運動による近代化を進める中国(清朝)との間で行われた、朝鮮等をめぐる両者の全面戦争である。
- The Japanese-Sino War was a total war over Korea between Japan, aiming at the creation of a modern state after the Meiji Restoration, and China (the quing dynasty), in the process of modernization since the Western Affairs Movement in the 1860's.
- 明治39年(1906年)3月には日本社会党と共同戦線を張って、東京市内電車の電車賃値上反対運動をおこなったが、国家社会党はこれだけで自然消滅したようである。
- The party, along with the Japan Socialist Party, led a protest against a proposal of the increase in Tokyo's city tram fares in March 1906, but it can be said that it was the party's only achievement after which it eventually became defunct.
- 1959年(昭和34年、79歳)、全国区より参議院に再度当選したが、同時に当選した次男鮎川金次郎派運動員の選挙違反容疑が高まり、12月に責任をとり議員辞職。
- In 1959 (at the age of 79), although he was reelected as a member of the House of Councilors from the nationwide constituency, he resigned from the Diet in December of the same year, taking the responsibility for highly-suspected election violations by campaigners for his second son Kinjiro AYUKAWA who was also elected in the same election.
- そのような混乱の中、神仏分離で劣勢に立たされていた仏教勢力、特に明治維新に際して倒幕運動を支援した浄土真宗は巧みな政治工作によって教部省を政府に樹立させた。
- In such confusion, the Buddhist group that had been put in the inferior position under the movement of separation of Buddhism and Shintoism, especially the Jodo Shinshu sect that had supported the movement to overthrow the shogunate, promoted ingenious political maneuvers and successfully persuaded the government to establish Kyobusho.
- 頼之の弟の細川頼元は幕府に対して赦免運動を行い、1389年(元中6年/康応元年)の義満の厳島神社参詣の折には船舶の提供を手配し、讃岐国の宇多津で赦免される。
- Yoriyuki's younger brother Yorimoto HOSOKAWA appealed to the shogunate for a pardon for Yoriyuki and, when Yoshimitsu made a pilgrimage to Itsukushima-jinja Shrine in 1389, organized the provision boats to take Yoshimitsu to Utatsu in the Sanuki Province where he granted Yoriyuki a pardon.
- 薩長土は、戊辰戦争の頃から、倒幕運動には不熱心だったが藩政改革が進んでおり開明的だった「雄藩」の肥前を仲間とみなし、肥前藩にも明治維新政府に人材を供給させた。
- The Hizen Domain, which had been indifferent to the movement of overthrowing the Tokugawa shogunate since the Boshin War but had made progress in Domain duty reforms, was one of 'Yuhan,' so the Satchodo considered the Hizen Domain as their collaborator and let it supply its people for the Meiji Restoration government.
- 林忠正による印象派の紹介や、海外留学から帰った黒田清輝らの出展で、明治美術会や洋画家らは混乱しながらもヨーロッパの最新の絵画運動を取り入れ活発な活動を行った。
- The Meiji Art Society, Western-style painters, and their sympathizers were thrown into confusion by the counterforce, but they were active in introducing the newest movement in European painting, which is exemplified by Tadamasa HAYASHI's introduction of impressionists, and by the exhibition of paintings of Seiki KURODA and others who returned from study abroad.
- 部落解放同盟京都府連合会委員長であった朝田善之助は、「アメリカ帝国主義とそれに従属する日本独占資本」への対決に収斂しようとする共産党系の運動論を強く批判した。
- Zennosuke ASADA, who was a chairman of the Buraku Liberation League, Kyoto Federation, strongly accused the Communist Party of the leaning movement that led to the conclusion of the confrontation against 'American imperialism and its subservient Japanese monopoly capital.'
- 永禄2年(1559年)には室町幕府第13代将軍・足利義輝に多大な献金運動をして、同年6月には豊前国・筑前国の守護に任ぜられ同年11月には九州探題に補任された。
- He made an enormous donation to Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, the 13th shogun of the Muromachi bakufu in 1559 and was appointed to Shugo (provincial constable) of Buzen and Chikuzen Provinces in July of that year and Kyushu Tandai (local commissioner) in December of the same year.
- 義慈王時代の660年、唐と新羅の連合軍によって百済が滅亡した後も、旧臣らを糾合して抵抗運動を続け、百済の故都である泗沘城(現・忠清南道扶余郡)の奪還を試みた。
- Even after the fall of Baekje against the allied forces of the Tang Dynasty of China and Silla (Korea) in 660, the period of King Uija, he gathered the old retainers of the Baekje army and resisted them for regaining the former capital of Baekje, Sabi Castle (present Buyeo County, Chungcheongnam Province).
- 頼之は事態収拾は聖断によるべきと深入りを避けつつも天皇側を支持するが、上皇側は義詮正室渋川幸子らに運動して対抗すると、頼之は光厳院の遺勅を示して介入を封じた。
- Yoriyuki sided with the Emperor side believing that the situation should be settled by an Imperial proclamation and wanting to avoid getting overly involved, but when the retired emperor countered by lobbying Koshi SHIBUKAWA, the wife of Yoshiakira, and her allies, Yoriyuki used Ichoku (a royal command included in a will) left by Kogonin to block their interference.
- 「言文一致運動」に早い段階から参加していたことや、成瀬仁蔵による日本女子大学設立への参与など、当時の動静から女子教育強化に対する中川の情熱を窺うことができる。
- NAKAGAWA's strong passion toward the enhancement of women's education can be traced through his activities at that time, such as his participation in the 'The Vernacular Movement' from the earlier stage of the movement, and involvement in the establishment of Japan Women's University promoted by Jinzo NARUSE.
- しかし一方でこの内容は日本などに留学して近代ナショナリズムを取り入れつつある若者に取って大きな屈辱感を伴わせ、反清・革命運動に取り組む大きな理由の一つとなった。
- On the other hand, the contents gave a sense of great disgrace to young people studying in Japan and elsewhere and trying to take in modern-time nationalism, which became one of reasons that triggered anti-Qing/revolution movements.
- 箱館戦争が終結すると、首謀者の榎本武揚・大鳥圭介・松平太郎らは東京辰の口に投獄されたが、黒田清隆らによる助命運動により、明治5年(1872年)1月に赦免された。
- When the Hakodate War was over, the mastermind of the war, Takeaki ENOMOTO, Keisuke OTORI, and Taro MATSUDAIRA were imprisoned in Tatsunokuchi, Tokyo, but they were pardoned in January, 1872, because of a movement to save their lives led by Kiyotaka KURODA.
- 江戸時代末期になり、諸外国が幕府に開国を求めると、尊皇攘夷などの運動が盛んとなり、政情不安の中で、十五代将軍の徳川慶喜は大政奉還を行い、武家政権は終焉を迎えた。
- At the end of the Edo period, as many foreign countries requested the bakufu to open the nation to the world, movements such as Sonno Joi (slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners), and yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, the 15th Shogun, implemented Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) under the unstable political situation, resulting in the end of the military government.
- 次第に勃興した尊皇攘夷運動に共鳴、江戸遊学中の文久2年(1862年)には高杉晋作や久坂玄瑞らとともにイギリス公使館の焼討ちに参加するなどの過激な行動を実践する。
- He sympathized with the gradually rising sonno joi movement, engaging in extreme acts such as setting fire to the British legation along with Shinsaku TAKASUGI and Genzui KUSAKA in 1862 while he was travelling to study in Edo.
- 神経痛、筋肉痛、関節痛、五十肩、運動麻痺、関節のこわばり、うちみ、くじき、慢性消化器病、痔疾、冷え性、病後回復期、疲労回復、健康増進、きりきず、やけど、慢性皮膚病
- Nerve pain, muscle ache, joint ache, frozen shoulder, motor paralysis, stiff joints, contusion, twisted joint, chronic digestive diseases, hemorrhoid, excessive sensitivity to cold, recovery from illness, soothing effect, health enhancement, cut, burn injury and chronic skin diseases
- 結果的に久光ら3侯が慶喜(幕府)側に譲歩し鎖港方針に合意したものの、両者の不和は解消されず、参預会議は機能不全に陥り解体、薩摩藩の推進した公武合体運動は頓挫する。
- In the end, the three Marquises including Hisamitsu conceded to Yoshinobu (bakufu) and agreed to the foreign ship exclusion policy from Yokohama port, but the discord between both parties was not settled, and the council of Sanyo did not work well and was disorganized, leading to the setback of Kobu Gattai movement.
- 九条 武子(くじょう たけこ、1887年(明治20年)10月20日 - 1928年(昭和3年)2月7日)は、教育者・歌人、後年には社会運動活動家としても活躍した。
- Takeko KUJO (October 20, 1887 - February 7, 1928) was an educator and tanka poet, also actively engaged in the social movement in her later years.
- 運動の中心であった柳は、当時ほとんど研究が進んでおらず、美術品としての評価も定まっていなかった日本各地の民衆的工芸品の調査・収集のため、日本全国を精力的に旅した。
- Yanagi, who was the key figure of the movement, actively traveled to various places in Japan to investigate and collect folkish handicrafts that had hardly been researched or evaluated as art.
- 松尾尊兌は、ここに始まる大正デモクラシーが一部の都市知識人による脆弱な輸入思想ではなく,戦後民主主義に直結する性質を有する、広汎な民衆運動であったことを説いている。
- Takayoshi MATSUO (a Japanese historian) argues that Taisho Democracy, starting with the Taisho Seihen, was not a vulnerable foreign idea superficially scooped by some urban intellectuals but a widespread popular movement that had some characteristic directly reflected in the Japanese democracy after World War Ⅱ.
- このことからして、義家が早い時期から義忠を河内守として河内源氏の本拠地たる河内国の長官になる運動をしていたと考えると、義忠後継が早い時期に決まっていたものとされる。
- This suggests that, by appointing him as Kawachi no kami, governor of the stronghold of Kawachi-Genji, Yoshiie may have already chosen Yoshitada as his successor and set in motion his rise to leadership at an early stage.
- 自由民権運動の指導者であるため、一般には近代立憲的な自由主義の思想を持っていたとされ、また中江兆民がルソーを翻訳したことから、近代思想の輸入者というイメージもある。
- As he was the leader of Jiyu Minken Undo, Itagaki has been generally regarded as having the philosophy of modern constitutional liberalism, and also, he has the image of an importer of modern philosophy like Chomin NAKAE, who translated the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau into Japanese.
- 当初は義和団を称する秘密結社による排外運動であったが、1900年(光緒26年、明治33年)に西太后がこの反乱を支持して欧米列国に宣戦布告したため国家間戦争となった。
- It was originally an anti-foreign movement by the secret society named the Boxers, but it became a war between nations after Empress Dowager Cixi supported this rebellion and declared a war against European nations and the United States in 1900.
- 名電の運賃値上げを機にその不満が噴出し、市内路線の事業独占を糾弾すべくデモクラシー運動を展開する団体が鶴舞公園で主催した「電車賃値下問題市民大会」に多数が集まった。
- The frustration became more apparent when Nagoya Denki Tetsudo raised the fare, and one democracy organization held 'Public Meeting Concerning The Drop Of The Train Fare' at the Tsurumai park and many people gathered there to accuse their monopoly supply of the railroad service within the city.
- 1331年に後醍醐天皇が討幕運動を起こし、京都を脱出して笠置山 (京都府)に拠った元弘の乱では幕府が編成した鎮圧軍に従軍し、主に京都において事後処理を担当している。
- In 1331, at the onset of the Genko War, which Emperor Godaigo had instigated by raising an army against the shogunate, removing himself from the capital (Kyoto) and setting up a base on Kasagi-yama Mountain, Doyo joined the shogunate army to put down the rebellion, and had been mainly in charge of implementing measures after the war in Kyoto had finished.
- この9人は江戸幕府を倒す討幕運動のとき功績を挙げた人物たちで、山縣有朋、井上馨、松方正義、西郷従道、大山巌、西園寺公望、桂太郎、黒田清隆、伊藤博文の9名のことである。
- These nine - Aritomo YAMAGATA, Kaoru INOUE, Masayoshi MATSUKATA, Tsugumichi SAIGO, Iwao OYAMA, Kinmochi SAIONJI, Taro KATSURA, Kiyotaka KURODA and Hirobumi ITO - were the people who made a major contribution in the anti-shogunate movement at the end of the Edo Period
- その結果、西郷や板垣らの征韓派は一斉に下野(征韓論政変または明治六年政変)し、1874年の佐賀の乱から1877年の西南戦争に至る士族反乱や自由民権運動の起点となった。
- In consequence, Saigo, Itagaki and others who supported Seikanron went into opposition (this incident is called the 'Seikanron Coup' or the 'Coup of 1873'), and they became leaders of the revolt by Shizoku (family or person with samurai ancestors) from Saga War in 1874 to Satsuma Rebellion or the Freedom and People's Right Movement.
- しかし低賃金で働く勤勉さと凄まじい生活力、地元経済に金を落とさない(日用品を日本から取り寄せていた)ゆえに疎まれ、カリフォルニアなどでは日系移民の排斥運動が起こった。
- However, they were disliked because of their fierce determination to survive as shown in their willingness to work for low wages and because they did not make contributions to the local economy (they imported daily necessities from Japan), which was part of the reason for a boycott against Japanese Americans in California.
- 昭和維新を標榜した一連の変革運動でも、君民一体の思想から、天皇による直接支配こそ社会の閉塞をうちやぶるものであり、「君側の奸」がそれを妨げているという主張がなされた。
- In a series of transformative movements which shaped the Showa Restoration, activists insisted from the viewpoint that the Emperor was the symbol of the unity of people, Emperor's direct reign of Japan could open a closed society, but 'Wily vassals surrounding the Emperor' caused criticism against it.
- その後、7月、第2次桂内閣が韓国併合を閣議決定、10月26日、伊藤はロシア帝国との会談を行うため渡満し、ハルピンに到着した際、大韓帝国の独立運動家安重根に暗殺された。
- Later, in July, the second administration of the Katsura Cabinet approved the annexation of Korea and when Ito arrived in Harbin on October 26 during his visit to Manchuria for a talk with the Russian Empire, he was assassinated by Ahn Jung-geun who was an activist for the independence of the Korean Empire.
- 元弘の変が失敗に終わったあとも、幕府の追及を逃れた後醍醐の皇子護良親王、楠木正成らのゲリラ的抵抗運動は続き、規模的にも地域的にも次第に純然たる叛乱へと拡大していった。
- After the Genko Incident ended in failure, guerilla like resistance continued under Godaigo's son, Imperial Prince Moriyoshi and Masashige KUSUNOKI, and gradually the size and region increased until it was a true insurrection.
- その後、宮中や元老院 (日本)を舞台に谷干城・元田永孚らともに「天皇親政運動」を主導して、明治天皇を擁して伊藤博文ら政府要人の排除に動いたために「中正党」と称された。
- Following this, SASAKI, along with Tateki TANI and Nagazane MOTODA, spearheaded the 'Direct Imperial Rule Movement' in and around the Imperial Court and Chamber of Elders, called the 'Chusei Party' (sitting politically midway between the those advocating the Meiji oligarchy and those pushing for freedom and peoples' rights) for taking action to remove the authority of important government men such as Hirobumi ITO and embracing Emperor Meiji.
- 明治41年(1908年)には日露戦争後の自由主義・社会主義思想の勃興や弛緩した世情を危ぶみ、思想統制政策としての公布を仰ぎ、また地方政策では、地方改良運動を推進した。
- Concerned about the precariousness of society and the rise of the post-Russo-Japanese war liberalism and socialism, Tosuke in 1908 attempted to issue laws to control the people's thinking and also promoted local improvements as regional measures.
- また、新体制運動の核の一つであった経済新体制確立要綱が財界から反発を受け、小林一三商工相は経済新体制要綱の推進者である岸信介次官と対立、小林は岸を「アカ」と批判した。
- Furthermore, the new economic policy outline, which was one of the key points of the new order movement, faced opposition from the financial world, with Ichizo KOBAYASHI, the Minister of Commerce and Industry, clashing with Vice-Minister, Nobusuke KISHI, the driving force behind the outline, whom Kobayashi criticized as 'a red.'
- 帝国議会設置以来、衆議院では、自由党_(明治)・立憲改進党に代表される自由民権運動を継承する民党とこれに反対する国民協会に代表される温和派(吏党)が対立を続けてきた。
- There were conflicts between the 'Minto' (People's Party) representing the Jiyuto (Liberal Party) in Meiji period and the Rikken Kaishinto supporting the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, and the 'Rito' (Bureaucrats' Party) representing the Kokumin Kyokai after the constitution of the Imperial Diet opposed it.
- 日露戦争における日本の勝利はアジア諸国における国際的緊張関係の緩和要因となり、には東京で中国同盟会が結成されるなど民主主義的自由の獲得を目指した運動が本格化していった。
- Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War brought relaxation of international tensions in Asia, leading to the formation of the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance (Tongmenghui) in Tokyo in 1905 and other movements aspiring to winning democratic freedom.
- また逮捕者十数名とはいえ、これは長らく、蘭学弾圧事件として捉えられてきたが、これは明治期の藤田茂吉『洋学東漸史』が、当時の自由民権運動との類推で事件を捉えたからである。
- This incident had been considered as a suppression of Western learning for a long time even though there were just more than a dozen arrestees, because 'Yogakutozenshi' written by Mokichi FUJITA in the Meiji period described this incident in relation with Movement for Liberty and People's Right by parity of reasoning.
- 学連はまたたくまに会員1600名を擁する大組織に成長し、マルクス主義の普及・研究を標榜するとともに労働争議や労働者教育運動(京都労働学校など)への支援を積極的に行った。
- The Gakuren expanded rapidly to have 1600 members, advocated diffusion and studies of Marxism, as well as actively supported labor dispute and educational movement for laborers (Kyoto Rodo Gakko [Kyoto Labor School]) and so forth.
- 下級武士や知識人階級を中心に、「鎖国は日本開闢以来の祖法」であるという説に反したとされた、その外交政策に猛烈に反発する世論が沸き起こり、「攘夷」運動として朝野を圧した。
- The public opinion of foreign exclusionism among low-ranking samurai and intellectuals in particular overwhelmed all over Japan, insisting furiously that the national seclusion had been the fundamental law since the dawn of Japanese history and the opening up of the country was against it.
- しかし、木戸の説得に押され、また『板垣を在野で放置して過激派と結びつかれるよりも、政府につなぎとめておいた方が、政府への反対運動を分断できる』と考え、態度を軟化させた。
- Nevertheless, he was moved by Kido's s persuasion and also thought that 'instead of leaving Itagaki outside the government to let him join radical groups, he should keep him inside in order to sever the anti-government movement,' and thus he took a softer line.
- しかしそれは、半年間の期限付の内閣であると見なされていたこと、清浦内閣を支持する勢力が衆議院でいなければ社会主義者などの過激な運動が高まる危険性を恐れてのことであった。
- However, TAKAHASHI rather supported the cabinet because he thought the KIYOURA cabinet was believed to be in power for only a limited period of time and feared that if the incumbent cabinet lost support in the House of Representatives, it might increase risks of radicalists including socialists gaining momentum.
- 被害民の一部は、鉱毒予防工事の効果はないものとみなして再び反対運動に立ち上がり、3回目(1898年9月)と4回目(1900年2月)の大挙上京請願行動(押出し)を決行した。
- Some residents suffered the damage stood up to protest again the lack of effectiveness of the anti-pollution constructions and went to Tokyo with many followeres to make the third (September 1898) and the fourth (February 1900) petition (Oshidashi).
- 周辺市町村は渡良瀬川改修群馬期成同盟会を沿岸鉱毒対策委員会と名称変更して鉱毒反対運動を続け、1953年、鉱害根絶同盟会は官製の対策委員会に吸収される形でいったん消滅した。
- The towns and villages of the neighboring area changed the name of the Watarase-gawa River Improvement Committee in Gunma to the River Bank Mining Pollution Committee and continued the movement against the mining pollution; and in 1953 the Association of Mining Pollution Eradication temporally disappeared since it have been merged into the official committee the government had established.
- 高杉も桂小五郎(木戸孝允)や久坂義助(久坂玄瑞)たちと共にともに尊攘運動に加わり、江戸・京師(京都市)において勤皇・破約攘夷の宣伝活動を展開し、各藩の志士たちと交流した。
- Takasugi also joined the Sonno Joi movement with Kogoro KATSURA (Takayoshi KIDO) and Yoshisuke KUSAKA (Genzui KUSAKA) and launched a campaign in Kyoto espousing loyalty to the Emperor, nullification of treaties and the expelling of foreigners, in cooperation with royalists from other clans.
- 末広鉄腸(すえひろ てっちょう、嘉永2年2月21日 (旧暦)(1849年3月15日) - 明治29年(1896年)2月5日)は明治時代の運動家・新聞記者・政治家・小説家。
- Tetcho SUEHIRO (March 15, 1849 - February 5, 1896) was a political activist, press reporter and novelist in the Meiji period.
- しかし、溝口自身は左翼思想の持ち主でもなく、プロレタリア運動が退潮後の7年には新興キネマに招かれて国策映画「満蒙建国の黎明」を撮るなど、変わり身の早いところも見せている。
- He himself, however, did not believe in left-wing ideology; in 1932 after the decline of the proletarian movement, he showed his opportunistic side by being invited by Shinko Kinema to direct the propaganda film called 'Manmo kenkoku no reimei' (Dawn in Manchuria).
- 吉沢検校が古い箏曲や雅楽を取り入れ純箏曲を多く作ったということで、かつては彼が「復古運動を提唱」したとか、「箏曲独立の精神を樹立」したなどと言われることがしばしばあった。
- It was often said that Kengyo YOSHIZAWA 'advocated reversionism' or 'established the independent spirit of koto music,' because he had taken old koto music and gagaku to create many pieces of pure koto music.
- 続いて各団体の大同団結が図られ、婦人参政同盟(1923年・大正12)、婦人参政権獲得期成同盟会(1924年・大正13、後に婦選獲得同盟と改称)が結成、さらに運動を推進した。
- Subsequently, the major suffrage groups united to form the Women's Suffrage League (founded 1923) and the Association for the Winning of Women's Suffrage (founded 1924, later renamed the League for the Winning of Women's Suffrage) and began implementing further campaigns.
- その後大正デモクラシーの高まりを受けて歴史学にも再び自由な言論が活発になり、マルクス主義の唯物史観に基づく歴史書も出版されたが、社会主義運動の高まりと共に統制も強化された。
- After that, movement towards freedom of speech became popular again in historical studies as the Taisho Democracy became more popular, some historical books about Marxism based upon historical materialism were published, there was more strict control as the socialist movement became more popular.
- また清でも1860年代から漢人官僚曽国藩、李鴻章らによる近代化の試みとして洋務運動が展開され中国の伝統的な文化、制度を土台としながら軍事を中心として西洋技術の導入を進めた。
- Qing had also been introducing western technologies centering on military ones based on Chinese traditional culture; bureaucrats of the Han race including Zeng Guofan and Li Hung Chang promoted the Western Affairs Movement in an attempt to modernize China.
- 19世紀を中心にヨーロッパで展開した精神運動である「ロマン主義」の影響を受け、大正時代の個人の解放や新しい時代への理想に満ちた風潮にかぶせて、このように呼ばれるようになった。
- The idealistic trend in hoping for a new era and the liberation of an individual, which were affected by the 'romanticism' of Europe around the 19th century, began to be referred to as 'Taisho Roman.'
- その後、復職を許されたが、その後も幕府との協調路線を推進し、公武合体運動の一環である和宮降嫁を積極的に推し進めたため、一部の過激な尊皇攘夷派から糾弾されて、謹慎を命じられた。
- Though Hisatada KUJO was permitted to return to his position later on, he still continued to promote the cooperative line with the Bakufu and actively drove the marriage of Imperial Princess Kazunomiya with Shogun as a part of the movement to establish a coalition government by the Imperial Court and the Bakufu and, therefore, Hisatada was denounced by the extremists of the faction which advocated revering the Emperor and expelling the barbarians, and Hisatada was ordered to stay at home.
- しかし上で見たように『明六雑誌』には自由民権運動についての論説がしばしば掲載され、各種新聞で多くの反響を呼び、植木枝盛のような熱狂的な支持者を生み出すきっかけともなっていた。
- However, as mentioned above, the articles on the Freedom and People's Rights Movement were often published on 'Meiroku Zasshi,' which evoked many responses on various newspapers and enthusiastic supporters such as Emori UEKI.
- 古くは東北地方などで着物の上に纏う山袴として労働、日常生活の作業に用いられていたものであったが、太平洋戦争中に、厚生省によって「モンペ普及運動」として婦人会などで奨励された。
- They were once worn as yamabakama over a kimono for works and daily activities in the regions like Tohoku, but during the Pacific War, Ministry of Health and Welfare started 'Monpe promotion activity' and they were encouraged by Women's Club and such.
- 、石田友治らによって言論雑誌『第三帝国 (雑誌)』が刊行され、またには東京大学の吉野作造により民本主義による政治が提唱された事を背景に、次第に普通選挙運動が活発になっていった。
- With the publication of the political magazine 'Daisan Teikoku' (The Third Empire) by Tomoji ISHIDA and others and the proposal of government founded on democracy by Sakuzo YOSHINO of Tokyo Imperial University, the movement calling for popular elections began to grow.
- 一方、大正中期の1920年に日本初の建築デザイン運動として、堀口捨己・山田守・石本喜久治・森田慶一・瀧澤眞弓等の東京帝国大学建築学科出身者が集まり分離派建築会の活動が始まった。
- Meanwhile, in 1920, the mid Taisho era, the first Japanese architectural design movement was beginning with a group of graduates from the Department of Architecture of Tokyo Imperial University including Sutemi HORIGUCHI, Mamoru YAMADA, Kikuji ISHIDA, Keiichi MORITA and Mayumi TAKIZAWA; it was called Bunri-ha Kenchikukai.
- 当時、日本は戦争に対する多大な軍費への出費から財政が悪化し、ロシアでも血の日曜日事件 (1905年)など革命運動が激化していたため、両国とも戦争継続が困難になっていたのである。
- In thouse days, Japanese financial affairs deteriorated due to the enormous expenditure for war, and in Russia also, the revolutionary movements such as Bloody Sunday (1905) were growing worse, so it was getting difficult for the both countries to continue the war.
- 自由民権運動の高まりの中で、主水は明治15年(1882年)6月、諏訪伊助、辰野宗治と連名で会津帝政党を設立、当時福島県令の三島通庸の三方道路建設に寄与、清水屋旅館事件に関わる。
- Amid the growing expansion of Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), Mondo founded Aizu Teisei Party (Aizu Imperialism Party) in the joint name with Isuke SUWA and Soji TATSUNO in June 1882, and contributed to the construction of Sanho Road by Michitsune MISHIMA, Fukushima Kenrei (prefectural governor) at the time, and got involved in the Shimizuya Ryokan Affair.
- また、多方面に通じたスポーツマンであったことから学生や若者からの人気は高く、雑誌『冒険世界』が行った「痛快男子十傑投票」という読者投稿企画では、運動家部門で1位に選ばれている。
- As a versatile sportsman, Mishima enjoyed high popularity among students and young people, and he was selected as the top under the sportsman category by reader's vote at an event 'the vote on the ten most heroic men' performed by ''Adventure World'' magazine.
- 黒田内閣の役目は、憲法制定と帝国議会開設によって再燃が予想された自由民権運動に対する取締り強化と、欧米列強との間に交わされたままとなっていた不平等条約の条約改正することであった。
- The purpose of Kuroda Cabinet was to enhance the control of Jiyu Minken Undo (democratic-rights movement) which would be rekindled due to the establishment of the constitution and the foundation of the imperial diet, and also to revise the unequal treaty which had been untouched since it was concluded with the allied western powers.
- 実朝が暗殺されると、義時は京都から九条頼経を4代将軍に迎え(摂家将軍)、将軍の地位を名目的なものとし、後鳥羽天皇の討幕運動である承久の乱に勝利し、幕府を安定させることに成功した。
- After the assassination of Sanetomo, Yoshitoki helped Yoritsune KUJO from Kyoto to the fourth Shogun (Sekke Shogun (Shogun from a regent family)) to make the Shogun a nominal status, won the Jokyu War against the anti-Shogunate movement of Emperor Gotoba, and successfully stabilized the bakufu government.
- 地租の軽減は自由民権運動の主力が地主・農民に移った1880年代以後盛んになっており、1887年の三大事件建白書においても「外交の刷新」「言論・集会の自由」と並んで掲げられていた。
- Reduction of the land tax was increasingly asserted after 1880 when the principal members of Democratic-Rights Movement shifted to landowners and peasants, and it was aimed along with 'Gaikou no Satsushin' (revamping of foreign diplomacy) and 'Genron and Syukai no Jiyuu' (freedom of speech and assembly) also in Sandai Jiken Kenpakusyo (the petition of three major matters) in 1887.
- 1875年(明治8年)10月、土佐の板垣退助が明治6年の政変に続いて明治政府を再び離脱し、国民を教化しつつ明治政府の外から自由主義的な議会制度を準備する運動を起こす道を歩み始めた。
- In October, 1875, Taisuke ITAGAKI from Tosa resigned from the Meiji Government for the second time following the political change which had happened in 1873, and while educating the nation's people, he initiated a course of action to prepare for the liberalization of parliamentary procedure from outside of the Meiji Government.
- 桂の新政策とその意欲の一方で、優詔政策の失敗など護憲運動への対応の迷走、政友会との決定的な対立、貴族院工作の失敗、山縣・寺内正毅ら陸軍内部からの不信が桂を追いつめていくことになる。
- Although Katsura implemented new policies in earnest, a series of blunders in his politics, such as the failure in his Imperial Edict Tactics and countermeasures against the Campaign for the Defense of the Constitution, fierce conflict with the Seiyukai, failure in political maneuvering of the House of Peers, and a growing distrust of him among the people of the Japanese Army including Aritomo YAMAGATA and Masatake TERAUCHI, drove him into a corner.
- このため明治政府は条約改正に努力したものの、逆に国粋主義者の一部には外国人を居留地に閉じ込めて、日本の伝統・文化を守るべきだと言う対外硬運動も起きて複雑な展開を見せることもあった。
- The Meiji government exerted great effort to revise the treaties in order to regain sovereignty over the remaining settlements, but one nationalist faction began a movement to insist that on the contrary, Japanese tradition and culture would be best protected by continuing to confine foreigners to the settlements, rendering the situation still more complex.
- 井伊大老が試みていた、幕政を雄藩との協調体制から幕閣主導型に回帰させ、朝廷の政治化を阻止する、という路線が破綻したばかりか、幕府の権威も失墜し、幕末の尊王攘夷運動が激化する端緒となる。
- The Ii Tairo's policy to prevent the Imperial Court from taking initiatives in politics by removing the coalition of dominant clans from government in favor of the Shogunate government failed, and, not only that, but the authority of the Shogunate had begun to fade, leading to the escalation of the Sonno Joi Movement (the movement that supported the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).
- このような状況の中で、1911年(宣統3年 干支 辛亥)に清の四川省で発生した鉄道国有化の反対運動をきっかけとして、先述の中国革命同盟会が独立を宣言して中華民国を建国した(辛亥革命)。
- It was under such conditions that an uprising broke out in 1911 ('Xinhai Year' in the sexagenary cycle of the Chinese calendar) in Szechwan Province, opposing railway nationalization by the imperial government, and led to the declaration of independence and establishment of the Republic of China by the aforementioned Chinese Revolutionary Alliance (Xinhai Revolution).
- 内務省 (日本)や司法省の官僚を務め、議会法に通じていた清浦らの主導により1892年に尚友会(しょうゆうかい)という院外団体を結成して非議員の華族を巻き込んで選挙運動を進めたのである。
- Led by KIYOURA who used to be a bureaucrat of the Internal Ministry and Justice Ministry and therefore was versed to the assembly law, Kenkyukai formed a non-Diet group called 'Shoyukai' in 1892 to organize the election campaign embroiling peers from outside the Diet.
- 市制施行40周年を迎えた1997年、市民から表記の混在を少なくしようという運動が起こったため、市は多くの公共機関に対して市名として用いる時の「五条」を「五條」と改めるよう要望を行った。
- In 1997, the 40th anniversary of the enforcement of the municipal organization, the city requested many public organizations to revise '五条' to '五條' when using it as a city name; this is because there was a campaign to reduce the misuse of the descriptions that occurred among the citizens.
- 保有の方法には町並み保存地区を指定する、国の重要伝統的建造物群保存地区によるもの、県や市の景観条例などによるものがあるほか、町並み保存会を結成してや町並み保存運動を展開するなどがある。
- Townscape preservation can be done by several ways, for example, by designating townscape preservation districts, by following the regulations on preservation districts for groups of important national historical buildings, by following prefectural and city landscape ordinances, and by forming townscape preservation movements by setting up townscape conservation societies.
- 一方、鳥取藩内でも河田を中心に攘夷親征運動の機運が盛り上がっていたが、同藩の重臣黒部権之介ら公武合体派は、これらの動きを藩を危険に陥れるものであると主張、藩内に深刻な対立を生じていた。
- On the other hand, the time was ripe for Joi Shinsei movement among Tottori clan, but the kobu-gattai (integration of the imperial court and the shogunate) party such as Gonnosuke KUROBE of the same clan insisted that these movements would make the clan fall into the danger so that a serious conflict arose within the clan.
- 三・一独立運動に衝撃を受けた日本政府は、武力だけで朝鮮支配は不可能と判断し、また大正デモクラシー期における政党内閣の登場や、武断政治批判の日本国内世論にも配慮し、武断政治を一部変更した。
- The Japanese government, shocked by the March First Movement, found that it was impossible to rule Korea only by force of arms, and changed its Budan seiji partly, also in consideration of the emergence of the party cabinet in the Taisho Democracy period and Japanese domestic public criticism of Budan seiji.
- 薩摩藩では、島津斉彬が死んだ後、後を継いだ藩主島津忠義の父である島津久光が長州藩を牽制すべく公武合体運動を展開し、藩内の攘夷派を粛清(寺田屋事件)し、幕府に改革を要求した(文久の改革)。
- In Satsuma Domain after the death of Nariakira SHIMAZU, Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, a father of the feudal lord Tadayoshi SHIMAZU, advocated the union of the Imperial Court and the shogunate and purged the exclusionist party against foreigners (the Teradaya Incident), while requested the shogunate government to carry out reforms (Bunkyu Reforms).
- だが、桂の自立(大正政変を参照)、大正デモクラシーや社会運動の高揚、第1次世界大戦など、山縣は次第に時代の変化に追いつけなくなり、桂の死後には寺内や清浦らも独自の道を歩みだすようになる。
- Gradually, however, Yamagata found himself unable to keep pace with the changes in the times such as when Katsura became independent (refer to Taisho Political Change), the intensification of Taisho democracy and social movements, and World War I; therefore, after Katsura's death Terauchi and Kiyoura also set off on their own paths.
- いわゆる日本主義者が、『日本 (新聞)』を舞台に政府の外交方針と自由民権運動の民力休養路線の双方を批判して、強硬的な外交政策による不平等条約解消とその裏付けとなる軍事力の拡張を主張した。
- So-called 'Japanese nationalist' criticized the line of reducing the national burden which were the government diplomatic policies and the Freedom and People's Rights Movement in 'Japan (newspaper)' and advocated dissolution of unequal treaty with the forceful diplomacy and to expand the military force.
- 明治24年10月には再び請願が行われたが、運動が米子地方に限られたものであり、他の鳥取・倉吉地方は総じて冷淡な反応を示し、県下全域に広がるものではなかったため、結局実現には至らなかった。
- In October 1891, a petition was made again but the movement was held only in Yonago district and other districts such as Tottori and Kurayoshi didn't show much interest, and the petition was not accepted because the movement didn't grow in all districts in the prefecture,.
- 鉱毒反対運動は、谷中村の廃村や、渡良瀬川の大工事による洪水の減少などによりしだいに弱まり、特に1902年以降、足利郡、梁田郡、安蘇郡、下都賀郡、邑楽郡の鉱毒被害地が豊作になると弱体化した。
- The movement against the mining pollution was gradually weakened due to the closure of Yanaka Village and the decrease of floods as the results of the large-scale constructions along Watarase-gawa River, and especially after 1902 when there was a good harvest in the damaged areas including Ashikaga County, Yanada County, Aso County, Shimotsuga County, Oura County, the movement became very weak.
- 結果、容堂は幕末の四賢侯の一人に挙げられていながらも、討幕運動が盛んになり続けても逆に幕府を擁護したため幕末及び明治初期の政局に混乱をきたす事となり、彼の評価は芳しい物ではなくなっていく。
- As a result, although Yodo's name is listed among the Bakumatsu-no-shikenko (幕末の四賢候), he continued to defend Bakufu even when the Tobaku movement became active; this brought about confusion in political conditions at the end of the Edo period and the beginning of the Meiji period, and his reputation declined.
- 西園寺が自由民権運動に加担することは政府や宮中で物議を呼び、内大臣岩倉具視が働きかけた明治天皇の内勅により退社を余儀なくされ、東洋自由新聞は4月30日発行の第34号にて廃刊に追い込まれた。
- Saionji's involvement in the Democratic Rights Movement became controversial in the government as well as in the Imperial Court, and he was forced to resign from the company because of a private ordinance of Emperor Meiji's that was set up by Minister of the Imperial Household, Tomomi IWAKURA, and Toyo Jiyu Shinbun was forced to shut down after publishing the 34th issue on April 30.
- 実隆公記には、入選依頼の運動が激しくなり、そうした依頼を一切受け付けないことを申し合わせたこと、選句について猪苗代兼載と宗祇が激しく対立し、実隆が間に入って解決したことなどが記されている。
- According to Sanetaka Koki, people got crazy about putting their poems in a collection and asked him, but he made an arrangement with Sogi to turn down such offers; When Sogi was in conflict with Kensai INAWASHIRO about the selected poems, Sanetaka made peace between them.
- 江藤新平が建白書の直後に士族反乱の佐賀の乱(1874年)を起こし、死刑となっていることで知られるように、この時期の自由民権運動は政府に反感を持つ士族らに基礎を置き、武力闘争と紙一重であった。
- As Shinpei Eto is known to have been executed for causing the Tosa War, a revolt by family with samurai ancestors in 1874, this period of the Jiyu Minken Undo movement was characterized by the antigovernment movement led by members of the former samurai class (Shizoku) and often erupted into violence.
- 朝鮮独立運動の活動家・李奉昌(イ・ボンチャン)が1932年1月8日、桜田門外において陸軍始観兵式を終えて帰途についていた昭和天皇の馬車に向かって手榴弾を投げつけ、近衛兵一人を負傷させた事件。
- Lee Bong-chang, an activist for Korean independence, hurled a grenade at the horse-drawn carriage of the Emperor Showa when the Emperor was on his way home after the military review of the Japanese Army taken place outside the Sakuradamon Gate, and in the Incident one imperial guard was injured.
- 「大阪毎日新聞」「大阪朝日新聞」それぞれ発行100万部突破と発表、「築地小劇場」創設、「阪神電車甲子園大運動場(現在の阪神甲子園球場)」完成、「明治神宮外苑競技場」完成、「メートル法」施行、
- Announcement that the number of issues of 'Osaka Mainichi Shimbun' and 'Osaka Asahi Shinbun' both exceeding one million, foundation of the 'Tsukiji Small Theater,' completion of Hanshin Railways Koshien Grand Ball Park (present 'Hanshin Koshien Stadium),' completion of the 'Meiji Shrine Outer Park Stadium,' and enforcement of the 'metric system'
- 大久保利通死後の政局は、太政大臣三条実美・右大臣岩倉具視を擁して参議である伊藤博文・大隈重信らが支える明治政府と自由民権運動の対峙で推移していたが、明治政府の中では大きな問題が存在していた。
- In the political situation after Toshimichi OKUBO died, the confrontation was going on between Meiji government with Grand Minister Sanetomi SANJO and Minister of the Right Tomomi IWAKURA as leaders, and Councilors Hirobumi ITO and Shigenobu OKUMA as supporters, and the members of Freedom and People's Rights Movement, but there was a big problem within the Meiji government.
- 戦争終結後の数日目には、早くも新たな婦人団体が立ち上げられ、再び婦人参政権要求の声が上がり、翌年の総選挙で多数の女性議員が誕生したのも、そのような日本における婦人運動の成果であったと言えよう。
- It is reasonable to say that it was thanks to the legacy of those women's movements that women's associations were re-formed as early as a few days after the war ended, demands for women's suffrage began anew, and several female members were elected to the Diet during the general election held in the following year.
- 大正政変は、山縣有朋・桂率いる陸軍・長州閥が第2次西園寺内閣を倒閣し、これに反対する民衆運動が政党組織や優詔政策といった小手先の政策で交わそうとする「閥族内閣」を打倒したというイメージが強い。
- The typical image of the Taisho Seihen is the public movement that toppled the 'clique-ruling Cabinet' formed by the Japanese Army and the former Choshu Domain clique, led by Aritomo YAMAGATA and Taro KATSURA respectively, because the public took objection to the Cabinet which, after overthrowing of the second Saionji Cabinet, tried to silence the public voices by fiddling measures such as the party politics and the Imperial Edict Tactics.
- 1333年(元弘3)に後醍醐天皇の討幕運動から元弘の乱が起こり、足利尊氏らが鎌倉幕府を滅亡させるが、毛利時親は幕府から離反しており、後醍醐天皇により開始された建武の新政からも距離を置いている。
- Caused by the Emperor Godaiko's anti-shogunate movement, the Genko War started in 1333 which Takauji ASHIKAGA destroyed the Kamakura bakufu; by this time, however, Tokichika MORI had already defected from the bakufu and did not participate in the Kenmu no Shinsei (The new government of the Emperor Godaigo).
- 後南朝(ごなんちょう)とは、1392年(元中9年/明徳3年)の南北朝合一後、南朝 (日本)の再建を図った南朝の皇統の子孫や遺臣による南朝復興運動とそれによって樹立された政権、皇室の総称である。
- Gonancho (Second Southern Court) is a general term that refers to descendants of the Southern dynasty (Japan) lineage and their former retainers and their attempts to revive the Southern Court after the two Courts were unified in 1392, and to the political administrations and the members of the Imperial household who were involved.
- しかし、最後の得宗北条高時の子北条時行が中先代の乱を起こして鎌倉を占拠したのに対し、天皇に無断で鎌倉に下って乱を平定したのを機に、建武政権から離反して再び武家政権を樹立する運動を開始している。
- However, after they went down to Kamakura to suppress the war without the Emperor's permission when Tokiyuki HOJO, the son of the last Tokuso (the patrimonial head of the main branch of the Hojo clan), Takatoki HOJO started the Nakasendai War and occupied Kamakura, they broke away from the Kenmu government and started the movement to establish the samurai government again.
- 明治6年(1873年)2月には磐前県第14区(のちの福島県常葉町・現田村市)副戸長に任命されるが、この頃ジョン・スチュアート・ミルの『自由乃理』(中村正直の訳)を読み、自由民権運動に開眼する。
- In February, 1873, he was appointed as a vice-mayor of the fourteenth ward in Iwasaki Prefecture (later Tokiwa-machi, Fukushima Prefecture, now Tamura City), but he read 'Liberty' by John Stuart Mill (translated by Masanao NAKAMURA), and this opened his eyes to Jiyu Minken Undo.
- 文明開化の時代にあって、従来の荒唐無稽な歌舞伎への反省から歌舞伎の革新を志し、明治10年代には学術関係者や文化人と組んで時代考証を重視した劇(「活歴」と呼ばれた)に取り組んだ(演劇改良運動)。
- In the age of the civilization and enlightenment, from the review of the traditional nonsensical Kabuki, Danjuro, intended to reform it, tackling dramas based on historical backgrounds (called Katsureki) together with people of learning and culture (Theatrical performance movement) in the second decade of the Meiji era.
- これに対して政府は同年12月26日に保安条例を制定して活動家の弾圧を始める一方、翌1888年2月には大隈重信を第1次伊藤内閣の外務大臣 (日本)として入閣させて立憲改進党を運動から離脱させた。
- Against this movement, the government enacted hoan jorei (regulations for the preservation of law and order) to oppress those activists on December 26 of the same year, whereas Shigenobu OKUMA was appointed to the First Ito Cabinet as a Minister of Foreign Affairs in February, 1888 (the following year) to separate the Constitutional Progressive Party from the movement.
- ただし、この時期においても愛知県春日井郡や石川県嶺北地方(現在は福井県)での反対闘争のように一揆の可能性を秘めながらも自由民権運動家などと連携して数年単位での合法的な反対闘争を続けた例もある。
- However, even in this period, some conflicts that took place in Kasugai County, Aichi Prefecture and Reihoku region, Ishikawa Prefecture (at present Fukui Prefecture), did have aspects of revolt but basically took a form of legal conflicts that lasted for several years in cooperation with those who were involved in Jiyu Minken Undo.
- すでに大政奉還していた徳川慶喜の官職(内大臣)辞職および徳川家領の削封が決定され、倒幕運動の計画に沿った決議となったため、王政復古の大号令と合わせて「王政復古クーデター」と呼ばれることもある。
- Together with the Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule, it is also called 'Coup of the Restoration of Imperial Rule' because the meeting accepted the resignation of Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, whose power had already been transferred back to the Emperor, as a government official (Minister of the Center) as well as reduced-stipend of Tokugawa Family, thus the resolution of the conference was made in accordance with the plot to overthrow the Tokugawa Shogunate.
- 明治14年(1881年)、鳥取市の士族などによる「鳥取県再置運動」により因・伯2国を以って鳥取県が再置されたが、依然として島根とのつながりを重視する米子地方の人々は島根県への編入を求めていた。
- In 1881, by 'the movement to request to reconfigure the territory of Tottori prefecture' supported by shizoku (family or person with samurai ancestors) in Tottori city, Tottori Prefecture was reconfigured with Inaba Province and Houki Province, however people lived in Yonago district wished incorporation of the district into Shimane Prefecture because they considered the relationship with people in Shimane Prefecture was important.
- 幕府が諸外国と条約を結び、鎖国体制を解いて開国を行うと、攘夷論と結合して尊王攘夷(尊攘)となり、幕政批判や討幕運動などへと展開していく素地のひとつとなり、明治以降の国体論や国家神道へも影響する。
- When the Tokugawa shogunate ended its policy of isolation and concluded treaties with foreign countries, opening Japan to the outside world, imperialism was fused with the principle of excluding foreigners, and grew into an anti-foreign imperialism; this became a conduit for criticism of shogunate policy and for the anti-shogunate movement, and exerted an influence on national polity theory and State Shinto.
- 葛井氏ゆかりの葛井寺がある大阪府藤井寺市では、同時期の葛井氏に「○成」という名が多く見られることを論拠として、井真成を「葛井真成」と呼び「せめて墓誌の形ででも'里帰り'を」と求める運動が起きた。
- In Fujiidera City, Osaka Prefecture where there is the Fujii-dera Temple associated with the Fujii clan, the campaign was launched to ask to pronounce Shinsei SEI as 'Shinsei FUJII' and letting him return home at least in the form of the epitaph based on the evidence that many first names using 'sei (成)' can be seen in the Fujii clan around the same period.
- また後年、井上馨の条約改正案に反対していた井上がギュスターヴ・エミール・ボアソナードによる反対意見書を各方面の反対派に伝えて条約改正反対運動を煽ったために第1次伊藤内閣そのものが危機に晒される。
- In addition, afterwards, because Inoue, who had opposed Kaoru INOUE's bill to revise the treaty, conveyed Gustave Emile Boissonade's minority report to opponents from various quarters and fueled the movement against the treaty revision, the First Ito Cabinet itself fell into a crisis situation.
- 蜷川府政の下、山間部や日本海側の開発は急激に進んだのだが、都心部では住民の開発反対運動の意向を蜷川が気にしたため(蜷川の支持母体は都市部の住民団体が多かった)、あまり手をつける事ができなかった。
- Under the Ninagawa administration, mountainous regions and the Japan Sea side area were developed drastically; in contrast, the inner city area was mostly left untouched due to Ninagawa's intention to respect sentiment among urban residents who drove campaigns against development (Ninagawa's power base included many residents' groups in the urban districts).
- 国会開設運動の高まりに伴い、憲法の必要性が認識されるようになり、1880年11月の国会期成同盟第2回大会で、翌年に憲法草案を持参することを決議したため、翌1881年に多数の私擬憲法がつくられた。
- With the growing demand for the establishment of the National Diet, the need for a constitution began to be recognized, and in response to the decision made in the second Kokkai Kisei Domei (League for Founding a national Assembly) in November 1880 to assemble draft constitutions the next year, many Shigi Kenpo were created in the following year, 1881.
- パリ留学で自由思想を学んだ西園寺は自由民権運動に傾倒し、明治14年(1881年)3月18日には、自由党結党に向けて創刊された『東洋自由新聞』の社長となり、中江兆民、松田正久らと共に発行に携わる。
- Saionji, who learned liberalism while he studied in Paris, became committed to Democratic Rights Movement, and on March 18, 1881, he became the president of 'Toyo Jiyu Shinbun' journal company, which was founded with the goal of establishing the Liberal Party, and he became involved in its publications along with Chomin NAKAE and Masahisa MATSUDA.
- だが、自由民権運動の弾圧、松方財政による深刻なデフレーションの状況下でのこの欧化の動きは国内的には「貴族主義的」あるいは「上からの欧化」と見られてやがて左右の反政府派の攻撃の格好の標的となった。
- At the same time, this movement of Europeanization later made a fat target for attacks by right and left wings of an antigovernment party as it was domestically considered as 'aristocratic-ism' or 'Europeanization from above,' under the oppression of Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) and under the circumstance of the serious deflation caused by the Matsukata Finance.
- しかし慶応元年(1865年)、攘夷運動の最大の要因は孝明天皇の存在にあると見た諸外国海軍は艦隊を大坂湾に入れて天皇に条約の勅許を要求して、天皇も事態の深刻さを悟って条約の勅許が出される事となった。
- However in 1865, navies from various overseas countries thought the cause of the exclusionism movement was due to the existence of Emperor Komei, and they sent a fleet to Osaka Bay and demanded Imperial sanction of the Emperor for the agreement, finally the Emperor realized how serious the situation was, he decided to issue an Imperial sanction of the agreement.
- 第二に、『自由民権運動』の看板を掲げながら、思想よりはむしろ感情で行動する失業士族の多い当時の日本の国情を踏まえれば、『政党政治の早期断行には「小党分立による国政の迷走」というリスクが伴う』こと。
- Secondly, 'the premature implementation of party government would involve a risk of 'political confusion caused by divisions between small parties,'' if Japan's then situation, in which many unemployed warriors took emotional rather than ideological action under the banner of 'the Movement for Liberty and People's Rights,' were taken into account.
- 大久保主導政府の急進的な改革に対する不満が、全国で顕在化し、佐賀の乱はじめ各地で士族の反乱、鹿児島県においては私学校党による県政の壟断を招き、また板垣らは愛国公党を結成して自由民権運動を始動した。
- Discontent with the radical reforms made by the Okubo government manifested itself all over the country: the Saga War broke out and warriors rose in revolt across the country; in Kagoshima Prefecture, the Shigakko (school mainly for warriors) party controlled the municipal government as they pleased; and Itagaki and his colleagues formed the Aikokukoto party to initiate the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Rights).
- ここで論壇に登場した女性解放思想家山川菊栄は、保護(平塚)か経済的自立(与謝野)かの対立に、婦人運動の歴史的文脈を明らかにし、差別のない社会でしか婦人の解放はありえないと社会主義の立場で整理した。
- Here a women's liberation activist Kikue YAMAKAWA participated in this dispute of protection (Hiratsuka) versus financial independence (Yosano) by clarifying the historical context of feminist movement and arguing logically from a socialist viewpoint that women's liberation could be achieved only in a society without discrimination.
- だが、翌年黒田が行った「超然主義演説」や山縣有朋らの反対、条約改正を巡る井上自身と黒田との対立もあって運動は低調となり、1889年夏には事実上計画は中止され、『自治新報』も1890年に廃刊された。
- However, the movement cooled down due to 'the doctrine of superiority' of Kuroda, the opposition of Aritomo YAMAGATA, as well as the conflict between Inoue and Kuroda regarding the treaty revision, and the plan was abolished in the summer of 1889 while 'Jichisei Shinpo' discontinued publication in 1890.
- 反対運動が最も盛んになったのは、1896年の洪水以降で、田中正造の主導の元、10月4日、群馬県邑楽郡渡瀬村 (群馬県)(現在の館林市下早川田町)にある雲龍寺に、栃木・群馬両県の鉱毒事務所が作られた。
- The movement against the pollution gathered pace after the floods in 1896, and October 4, under the leadership of Shozo TANAKA, the mining pollution office of Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture was estavlished in Unryu-ji Temple in Watarase Village, Oura County, Gunma Prefecture (present Shimohayakawada-cho, Tatebayashi City).
- そうした国際法を肯定的に捉える受容は、 洋務運動時期にはまだ少数であったが、それは中国を唯我独尊的な存在と自認する中華思想とそれに基づく華夷秩序が動揺し、変化させられていく契機の一つだったといえる。
- This positive acceptance of international law was not shared by large numbers of people at the time of yomu undo but it was a chance that Kaichitsujo based on Sinocentrism, in which China maintained self-centered attitude was unsettled and changed.
- 大浜騒動(おおはまそうどう)は、明治4年(1871年)に三河国碧海郡南部の鷲塚(現在の愛知県碧南市)で起こった暴動で廃仏毀釈に反対する運動の一つであるが計画的なものでは無く偶発的に起こったものである。
- Ohama Riot was the riot in Washizuka, Aomi County, Mikawa Province (currently Hekinan City, Aichi Prefecture) in 1871, although it was one of the protest movements against Haibutsu-kishaku (a movement to abolish Buddhism), it was an undesigned and incidental riot.
- 今日では世直しを求める側面や一揆の動機・目的・要求などに大きな差があること、全てが一揆の形態ではなく、自由民権運動との連携を通じた署名・意見書などの提出による合法的な反対闘争の存在などが分かっている。
- Recent studies show that some revolts had aspects of social reform; motives, purposes and requirements of the revolts varied; and some of them did not take a form of revolt but a form of legal conflict, such as submitting signatures and written opinions in cooperation with Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- そして、この流れを受け継いだ大正時代には、学会誌「建築雑誌」や各種新聞雑誌の類などを行い、この運動は昭和初期まで続くこととなり民俗学において、民家研究や民族宗教研究といった研究分野での進展がなかった。
- Therefore, following the trend during the Taisho period and academic journal 'Architecture Journal' and similar journals published this movement which continued until the early Showa period, with regard to folklore there has been no progress in the study of folk dwelling, religion and related fields.
- 鎌倉時代後期には、8代新田義貞が後醍醐天皇の倒幕運動に従い挙兵、源義国流の同族にして北条氏と重代の姻戚の最有力御家人足利尊氏(後の尊氏)の嫡男千寿王(後の足利義詮)を加えて鎌倉を攻め、幕府を滅亡させる。
- In the late Kamakura period, the eighth family head, Yoshisada NITTA, following the movement to overthrow the bakufu by the Emperor Godaigo, raised an army and attacked Kamakura, while adding Senjuo (later Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA), the legitimate son of Takauji ASHIKAGA who was the most dominant gokenin coming from the same family descended from Yoshikuni with a matrimonial relation with the Hojo clan for generations, and overthrew the bakufu.
- 更に都市部を中心とした商工業者は地租よりも営業税 (日本)などの方が収益に対する税負担の割合が高いにも関わらず、民党が地租軽減ばかりを唱えることに不満を抱き、財政革新会などを通して独自の運動を起こした。
- Furthermore, business and industrial men around urban areas were frustrated by assertions of Minto calling only for the reduction in the land tax despite the fact that the fraction of business tax (Japan) on profits was higher than that for land tax, and established their own movement through Zaiseikakushin kai (conference on reform of financial affairs) and others.
- これにより足利尊氏は逆賊であり南朝側の楠木正成や新田義貞などは忠臣として美化され(徳川将軍家は新田氏の末裔を称していた)、これがのちに水戸学として幕末の尊王攘夷運動、さらに太平洋戦争前の皇国史観へと至る。
- Consequently, Takauji ASHIKAGA was regarded as a rebel, while Masashige KUSUNOKI, Yoshisada NITTA and others on the side of the Southern Court were idealized as loyal vassals (the Tokugawa shogunate family claimed that it had descended from the Nitta clan), with this continuing up through the Mitogaku, which led to sonno joi (revere the emperor; expel the barbarian) at the end of the Edo period, and koukoku-shikan (emperor-centered historiography) before the Pacific War.
- 1889年の大同団結運動分裂の際に成立した大同倶楽部が「財政を整理し、民力の休養を謀ること」を綱領に掲げて以後、対立した大同協和会(後の立憲自由党)、更に立憲改進党を巻き込んで民党勢力共通の公約となった。
- Since the political party called 'Daido Kurabu' (Great Club) formed when Great Merger Movement disbanded in 1889 advocated 'reconstructing finance and aiming for rest for laborers,' it became a policy pledge that was shared by Minto, involving confronting Daido Kyowa Kai (later Constitutional Liberal Party) and the Constitutional Progressive Party.
- 維新後は政府の要職を歴任したほか、自由民権運動や実業界への転身に見られるように活動に一貫性がなく、また「坂本龍馬」という英雄の影に隠れてしまっている事もあって、維新の元勲の中では知名度も低く評価も高くはない。
- After Meiji Restoration, Goto held important positions of the government, but he had a low profile and was underestimated compared to other statesmen who had contributed to Meiji Restoration because having left the government to join the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and entered business world made his political attitude look inconsistent, and the existence of the hero 'Ryoma SAKAMOTO' was so prominent that he was little known at the time.
- 石窟庵等の遺跡、総督府庁舎の置かれた景福宮等が日本による破却や損傷を受けており、慶熙宮のように完全に破却された宮殿もあったが、景福宮正門であった光化門や崇礼門など、保存運動などによって保存された建造物もあった。
- Though remains such as Seokguram, and Gyeongbokgung Palace, where the building of Sotoku-fu was, destroyed or damaged by Japan, and palaces such as Gyeonghuigung Palace was completely destroyed, some buildings including Gwanghwamun Gate, the main gate of Gyeongbok Palace, and Sungnyemun Gate were preserved by preservation movement.
- また、文化面でも「改良」運動が官民ぐるみで盛んになり、1883年に矢田部良吉・外山正一による「羅馬字会」や同じく渋沢栄一・森有礼による「演劇改良会」が結成され、また欧米を真似て学会を創設する動きも盛んになった。
- Additionally, concerning a cultural aspect, activities of 'improvement' were actively addressed by the government and the people in harmony, and the 'Romaji Club' (supporting the use of Romaji [Roman alphabet]) by Ryokichi YATABE and Masakazu TOYAMA, and the 'Engeki Kairyo Kai' (Society for Theatre Reform) by Eichi SHIBUSAWA and Arinori MORI were set up in 1883, and another thing, a movement for creating academic societies became popular to imitate Europe and America.
- キリスト教の(半ば黙認という形での)禁制解除、社寺に於ける女人結界の解除など近代宗教政策を実施する一方で、神祇官が為し得なかった国民教化を実現する為に教導職制度を設け、大教院による国民教化・大教宣布運動を行った。
- While implementing modernistic religious policies including the cancellation of a ban on Christianity (in reality a tacit permission) and the prohibition against woman entering a sacred area at temples and shrines, Kyobusho also established a system called the kyodoshoku (evangelist) system, and propagated national edification and the Imperial Edict (of 1870) for Establishment of Shinto under Daikyoin (Great Teaching Institute) in order to realize the edification and enlightenment of citizens after the failure of the Jingikan department.
- 民衆はこれを、山県の意を受けた桂が陸軍の軍備拡張を推し進めようとしたものとみなし、国民も議会中心の政治などを望んで藩閥政治に反発し、「閥族打破・憲政擁護」をスローガンとする憲政擁護運動(第一次)が起こったのである。
- The people, however, considered that KATSURA's intention was to expand armaments, following the advice of Aritomo YAMAGATA, and this provoked an angry response towards the Hanbatsu Seiji from the people who wished for constitutional government, which led to the first campaign for defending constitutionalism under the slogan 'Down with cliques from the major hans and protect constitutional government.'
- 高島鞆之助の言では西郷は大島潜居の頃から肥満になったとしているが、おそらく沖永良部島流罪当時は痩せこけて死にそうになっていたというから、沖永良部在島後半期に座敷牢にいて運動不足から肥満し始めたというのが真相だろう。
- According to Tomonosuke TAKASHIMA, Saigo was overweight because he lost a lot of weight when he took refuge at Oshima, and almost died en route to Oki-no-erabujima island, so the truth might be that he started to gain weight when he was in zashikiro because of lack of exercise at the latter end of his stay on Oki-no-erabujima island.
- これに対して自由民権運動の担い手であった立憲自由党・立憲改進党側は彼らを非難する意味を込めて「吏党」と呼んだのが始まりとされている(なお、幸徳秋水はこの言葉を用いた最初の人物は中江兆民であるとする説を唱えている)。
- In response, the Rikken Jiyuto (Constitutional Liberal Party) and the Rikken Kaishinto (Constitutional Progressive Party, who handled the Jiyu Minken Undo, began calling them the 'Rito' in disapproval (Shusui KOTOKU pointed at Chomin NAKAE as being the person to coin the phrase.)
- 幕政の改革は、鎖国体制から開国への移行に伴う尊王攘夷運動の激化、将軍継嗣問題を巡る一橋派・南紀派の対立などの政治的混乱の中で、薩摩藩主・島津斉彬や越前藩主松平慶永ら、開明的な大名らの間ではつとに必要性を叫ばれていた。
- In the midst of the political turmoil including an intensification of the Sonno Joi movement (the movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) caused by the change from the national isolation to the opening of the country to the world as well as the dispute over shogun's successor between the Hitotsubashi group (which supported Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA) and the Nanki group (which supported Yoshitomi TOKUGAWA), the enlightened and farsighted daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) had been advocating the necessity of the political reform of the bakufu.
- この二つの文書は、1901年に幸徳らによって結成されながらも、ただちに禁止された社会民主党 (日本 1901年)の「社会民主党宣言書」の精神を引き継ぎ、その後の日本における社会主義運動に大きな影響を与えたものであった。
- These two documents succeeded the spirit of the 'Declaration of the Social Democratic Party of Japan' of the Social Democratic Party of Japan, which was established by KOTOKU and others in 1901, but was prohibited right away (in Japan in 1901), giving great influences on the subsequent socialistic movements in Japan.
- そこで明治17年(1884年)、千葉県側の治水対策に不満を抱く茨城県と房総半島選出の県議達が連携して利根川以北の千葉県域を茨城県に譲る替わりに利根川の治水工事に茨城県が費用を負担するとした県境変更運動を開始したのである。
- Therefore, in 1884, the members of the prefectural assembly of Ibaraki Prefecture who were dissatisfied with the measures for flood control of the Chiba Prefecture side and those elected in the Boso Peninsula of Chiba Prefecture cooperated to launch the campaign for changing the prefectural border in which, in exchange for offering the region of Chiba Prefecture on the northern side of the Tone-gawa River to Ibaraki Prefecture, Ibaraki Prefecture should pay some of the expenses of the construction for flood control of the Tone-gawa River.
- 帝国主義に関する点で、義和団はキリスト教集団(宣教師や中国人クリスチャン)との対立の中で彼等の持つ様々な特権(行政上あるいは司法上)に直面して、それらが帝国主義に由来することに自覚的となり反対運動を行ったと前者は論じる。
- The former argued that while the Boxers were resisting Christian groups (missionaries and Chinese Christians) they saw their various privileges (administration or justice) firsthand, became aware that they were derived from the empire doctrine, and started the opposition movement.
- これは1930年10月27日に台中州能高郡霧社(現在の南投県仁愛郷)でサイディック族の大頭目莫那魯道が6部落の300余人の族人を率いた反日武装事件であり、小学校で開催されていた運動会会場に乱入し日本人約140人を殺害した。
- On October 27, 1930, a group of more than 300 people from six villages, led by the Seediq Rudao MONA, assaulted the athletic festival held at an elementary school to kill about 140 Japanese in Wuche, 能高郡, Taichung Prefecture (present-day Ren-ai, Nantou County).
- これは結果的には大多数の農民の負担を高めることにつながり、また土地の所有者がおらず納税が困難な入会地が事実上、政府に没収されたことなどから伊勢暴動、真壁暴動など一揆(地租改正反対一揆)が頻発し、自由民権運動へ影響を与えた。
- In terms of the consequence, this high tax rate resulted in increasing the burden of majority of the farmers; therefore, peasant revolts against the land-tax reform erupted including the Ise Revolt, Makabe Revolt; the part of the reason these revolts occurred lied in that the government virtually confiscated common land (iriaichi) from which the government could not expect to receive taxes; these revolts gave influence to the Jiyu MInken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- こうした武家の棟梁に対する恩賞は、所領を棟梁から家人へ分け与える一方、棟梁自らはさらなる勢力拡大のために収入の多い国の国司職や、中央政界における地位向上につながる位階の昇叙、御所への昇殿などを獲得するよう積極的に運動した。
- While Buke no toryo distributed territories to their kenin, they actively sought to become kokushi, which would provide them both handsome income, or to obtain a higher rank, which would lead higher grade in the central government, or to access to the Imperial Palace to advance their political status in the Imperial Court.
- その後も義昭は征夷大将軍職を解任されていない事を盾に各地で幕府再建運動を行うが、信長、そして豊臣秀吉による新秩序形成の勢いを前には全くの無力であり、義昭の京都追放の時点をもって室町幕府および室町時代の終期と看做されている。
- Thereafter, using the fact that Yoshiaki had never officially been dismissed from the post of Seii taishogun as a pretext, movements did arise in various provinces to restore the bakufu to power, but against the momentum of the new governmental structure created by Nobunaga and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, such efforts were entirely fruitless, and so the Muromachi bakufu--and the Muromachi period itself--is considered to have ended at the point Yoshiaki was driven from Kyoto.
- 6月1日までに江戸に戻った荒木は、将軍徳川綱吉や老中若年寄らに収城の報告をおこない、大石から浅野家再興の嘆願に希望があったことも伝えたものの、結局、浅野長広は本家広島藩へお預けとなり、大石内蔵助の浅野家再興運動は挫折した。
- Araki returned to Edo no later than July 6, and reported the inspection to Shogun Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, roju and wakadoshiyori (lower-ranking members of the cabinet), and also he told them about Oishi's desire to restore the Asano family, but nevertheless, Nagahiro ASANO ended up being left to his head family Hiroshima clan, and this is how Kuranosuke OISHI's activity for the restoration of the Asano family was failed.
- この間も御家再興運動を積極的に行っており、原元辰らを大坂へ派遣して広島藩浅野家の家老、戸島保左衛門と会見させたり、遠林寺の住職祐海を江戸に遣わして将軍徳川綱吉やその生母桂昌院に影響力が大きい隆光大僧正らに会見させるなどした。
- During this time, he devoted himself to the restoration of the Asano clan by sending Mototoki HARA to Osaka to meet up with chief retainer of the Asano family in Hiroshima Domain, and Hosaemon TOJIMA and the head priest of Enrin-ji Temple Yukai to Edo to meet the highest ranking priest Ryuko who had a strong influence on Shogun Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA and his biological mother Keishoin.
- さて、この木曜会及び清交会は、元々男爵議員が集まって構成されていた会派であったが、1919年に入って、各会派に散らばっていた男爵議員による統一会派結成運動が起きると、「無所属」の男爵議員もこれに呼応して合流、公正会を結成した。
- The Mokuyo-kai and the Seiko-kai were factions which comprised of baronial members of an assembly; however, as those in each faction created a movement for forming a unity faction in 1919, baronial members in the 'Independents' also participated and formed the Kousei-kai.
- 自由民権運動の流れを汲みこの動きを評価する人々は、1905年に国民倶楽部を結成して「内に立憲主義、外に帝国主義」という標語を掲げて、普通選挙を行って正しい国民の声を政治に反映させることが国家の自主・独立の確立に必要であると主張した。
- The people who valued the movement following the Freedom and People's Rights Movement united the National Club in 1905 and set a slogan which said 'Constitutionalism internally, and imperialism externally', then advocated that it was necessary for the national independence to reflect the right people's voice in politics with a popular election.
- 清朝における孫文の辛亥革命、オスマン帝国における青年トルコ革命、カージャール朝におけるイラン立憲革命や、仏領インドシナにおけるファン・ボイ・チャウの東遊運動、インド帝国におけるインド国民会議国民会議カルカッタ大会等に影響を与えている。
- It influenced the Sun Yatsen's Xinhai Revolution, the Young Turks Revolution in the Ottoman Empire, the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, Phan Boii Chau's Dong Du Movement (Look-Japan Movement) in French Indochina, and the Indian National Congress's Calcutta Conference.
- 1570年から十年にわたって続いた本願寺と織田氏の抗争、いわゆる石山戦争は、要塞化された石山本願寺に立て篭もる顕如らと、各地で織田氏への抵抗運動を繰り広げる本願寺門徒との連携によって本願寺が優勢に立ち、信長を大いに苦しめることとなる。
- The conflict between Hongan-ji Temple and the Oda clan, which began in 1570 and lasted over ten years as the so-called Ishiyama War, burdened Nobunaga heavily, since Hongan-ji Temple had gained the upper hand through the coalition between Kennyo and others who had entrenched themselves in the fortified Ishiyama Honganji Temple, and Hongan-ji Temple followers who carried on a resistance movement against the Oda clan in various regions.
- この桂内閣に対し国民は怒り、また衆議院議員の尾崎行雄や犬養毅らは藩閥政治であるとして桂内閣を批判し、「閥族打破・憲政擁護」を掲げた第一次護憲運動が展開され第三次桂太郎内閣は組閣してからわずか53日で内閣総辞職に追い込まれた(大正政変)。
- The Katsura cabinet angered the Japanese people and drew criticism of oligarchic rule by Yukio OZAKI and Tsuyoshi INUKAI of the Lower House of the Imperial Diet, spurring the first Movement to Protect Constitutional Government aimed at 'doing away with the oligarchy and protecting constitutional rule' and ending with mass resignation of the cabinet after only 53 days (Taisho Political Crisis).
- その結果、大覚寺統傍流出身の後醍醐天皇子孫への皇位継承を認めないという結論に達したとき、これに反発した後醍醐天皇がこれを支持する公家と幕府に不満を抱く武士達の連携の動きが現われるのを見てクーデターを起こし、討幕運動へと発展する事になった。
- As a result, when the policy eventually reached the point of refusing to consider descendants of Emperor Godaigo, himself a scion of the Daikakuji lineage, as candidates for the throne, Emperor Godaigo was able to harness the long-festering resentment among warriors towards those who supported this policy--the nobility and the bakufu--and cooperate with them to launch a coup d'etat, which then developed into a full-scale rebellion against the bakufu.
- アメリカ合衆国滞在中にアナルコ・サンディカリスムの影響を受けた幸徳秋水が帰国し、ゼネラル・ストライキによる「直接行動論」を党内で提唱すると、これに反対して労働者による普通選挙運動を主張する田添鉄二らの「議会政策論」との対立が激しくなった。
- When Shusui KOTOKU returned from the United States of America influenced by Anarcho-syndicalism, an intense internal conflict was created between Kotoku and the opposing Tetsuji TAZOE's group over the Nihon Shakaito's policy and tactics; Kotoku advocated 'direct action' through the general strike whereas Tazoe advocated 'parliamentary tactics' and insisted on promoting the universal suffrage movement led by workers.
- 下関での会談を西郷が直前に拒否する事態もあったが、1月21日(22日説も)京都小松清廉邸(京都市上京区)で坂本を介して西郷隆盛、大久保利通、薩摩藩家老の小松清廉と長州藩の木戸孝允(当時は桂小五郎)が倒幕運動に協力する6か条の同盟を締結した。
- Although the conference due to be held in Shimonoseki was cancelled by Saigo just before its start, the six-article alliance for defeating the shogunate was concluded on March 7 (some say on March 8) with the mediation of Sakamoto at Kiyotada KOMATSU's residence in Kyoto (in the present Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City) between the Satsuma representatives (Takamori SAIGO, Toshimichi OKUBO and Kiyotada KOMOTSU [the clan's chief retainer]) and the Choshu counterpart Takayoshi KIDO (called Kogoro KATSURA at that time).
- だが、実際の政務を行っているのが最大の荘園領主である摂関家以下有力貴族であったこと、国司側も任期が終了に近づくと次の役職を得るための一種の猟官運動として有力貴族による荘園実施を認める傾向にあったために多くの例外が生まれ、実効性が乏しかった。
- However, since actual government affairs were performed by sekkan-ke and powerful nobles who were also the most powerful manor lords, and kokushi, towards the end of their term, who had a tendency to approve manors by powerful nobles as a form of office-seeking activity to secure their next post, it was not very effective with many exceptional cases.
- 1911年(明治44年)、陸上競技に夢中になりつつあった頃、スウェーデンのストックホルムで開かれる第5回国際オリンピック大会代表を決める「オリムピク大會予選競技会」が羽田運動場で挙行されることになり、審判委員として来場するよう要請があった。
- In 1911, when Mishima began to be fascinated with athletic sports, he was requested to join as a member of referees committee for 'Olympic Preliminary Competition' held in Haneda playfield to determine national members for the fifth international Olympic game that would take place in Stockholm, Sweden.
- 自由民権運動最中の1880年頃より、東京日日新聞や朝野新聞などで人権の擁護と天皇制の維持の両立のために、制憲のための会議を招集して憲法草案を作成し、天皇の合意を得られた国約憲法をもって憲法とすべしとの論調が張られ、民権家達にも影響を与えた。
- During the Movement for Liberty and People's rights sometime around 1880, the Tokyo Nichinichi Newspaper, the Choya Newspaper, and other major newspapers claimed that, in order to simultaneous support both the people's rights and Imperial order, a congress of the people should be convened to formulate constitutions drafts, which would be instituted once it met with the Emperor's approval, and this opinion greatly influenced the populace.
- 1881年(明治14年)の秋田事件、1882年(明治15年)の福島事件、1883年(明治16年)の高田事件といったいわゆる「激化事件」は、明治政府が急進的民権家の政府転覆論を口実にして、地域の民権家や民権運動に対する弾圧を行ったものとされる。
- So-called 'aggravated incidents' such as Akita Incident in 1881, Fukushima Incident in 1882 and Takada Incident in 1883 are assumed that the Meiji Government cracked down on local democratic activists or democratic movements on the pretext of suppressing the view of the overthrow of the government by democratic radicals.
- 結果として自由民権運動や大隈の唱えるフランス流やイギリス流を否定したものの、岩倉らの進めようとしたプロシア流についても一旦は白紙撤回されることとなった(勿論、これによってプロシア(ドイツ)流論者の政府内での立場が強化されたのは事実であるが)。
- As a result, the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, France style and England style, which were recommended by Okuma, were rejected but also Prussia style, which was recommended by Iwakura, was rejected (as a result, people who advocated Prussia (Germany) style strengthened their position).
- 伊勢神宮鎮座後も倭姫命を祭る神社は存在しなかったが、大正にはいり神宮司庁と地元伊勢市から倭姫命を祭る神社を創建する運動を生じ、1920年1月4日に皇大神宮別宮として倭姫宮の創立が許可、1922年11月5日内宮と外宮の中間である倉田山に鎮座した。
- Even after Yamatohime no Mikoto was enshrined at Ise-jingu Shrine, there was no chapel specifically dedicated to her until the Taisho period, when a proposal was made by the administrative branch of Ise-jingu Shrine and Ise City to erect a separate shrine for Yamatohime no Mikoto; the proposal was approved by the government on January 4, 1920 and on November 5, 1922, she was enshrined in Yamatohime no Miya Chapel on Mt. Kurata located between the inner shrine and the outer shrine.
- 従来から、日本においても「1920年代の美術」というとらえ方(1920年代の主として前衛的な美術動向をすべてまとめるとらえ方)が主張されているが、「大正期新興美術運動」というとらえ方は、この「1920年代の美術」に対する次の批判を内包している。
- Traditionally, a perception of 'art in the 1920s' (a perception to collect every piece of mainly avant-garde art trend in the 1920s) has been asserted in Japan as well, and a perception of 'new art movements in the Taisho period' includes the following criticism to 'art in the 1920s':
- 1962年、水質審議会に渡良瀬川専門部会を設け、毛里田村期成同盟会会長が会長を辞職すれば、この会長を審議会委員に加えてよい、という内容の政治的な妥協がはかられたが、当初、毛里田村同盟会は同盟会の運動の分断を図ろうとするものだとして激しく抵抗した。
- In 1962, the government established Watarase-gawa River Committee in the Council of Water Quality and offered a compromise that they would accept the chairman of the Morita Village Association as a member of the official committee if he resigned as chairman of the association, however, at the beginning the members of the Morita Village Association strongly objected it thinking the government was trying to divide the local association.
- 第1次山本内閣の時代を含めることにより、この時期の民衆が一方では憲政擁護運動以来の反閥族感情を保ちながらも、他方では1913年7月の辛亥革命の混乱に際しては、革命派擁護を名目とする対中出兵論に容易に乗るような大正デモクラーの一側面が視野にはいってくる。
- By including the era of the first Yamamoto Cabinet into the Taisho Seihen, we can see another side of Taisho Democracy; since the out set of the Campaign for the Defense of the Constitutionalism, the public in this period retained the anti-clique sentiment, however on the other hand, they easily agreed on dispatching troops to China in the name of supporting the revolutionary group in the turmoil of the Republican Revolution when it broke out in China in July 1913.
- 慶応3年3月10日 (旧暦)(1867年4月14日)、新選組を離脱し御陵衛士(高台寺党)を結成した伊東甲子太郎は勤王倒幕運動に勤しみ、薩摩と通謀して近藤勇を暗殺しようとたくらんでいる事が、新選組が間諜として潜り込ませていた斎藤一によって明らかとなった。
- On April 14, 1867 (March 10 according to the old calendar), a plan by Kashitaro ITO (who broke away from the Shinsengumi and organized the Goryo-eji (guards of Imperial mausoleums, also known as Kodaiji-to) and led a movement to revere the emperor and overthrow the shogunate) to assassinate Isami KONDO (head of the Shinsengumi) together with Satsuma was outed by Hajime SAITO, a spy that was sent from the Shinsengumi.
- 1881年(明治14年)10月、急進的な議会制度の早急な 実施を求めていた肥前の大隈重信が、明治14年の政変によって明治政府を離脱せざるを得ない事態となり、板垣同様、明治政府の外から明治政府にイギリス的な憲法と議会政治を求める運動を起こす道を歩み始めた。
- In October, 1881, Shigenobu OKUMA from Hizen, who requested the enactment of a radical parliamentary system, had to resign from the Meiji Government because of the political change which happened in the same year, and like Itagaki, he initiated a campaign to seek a constitution and a parliamentary government like those of Great Britain from outside of the Meiji Government.
- しかし、女性の集会の自由を阻んでいた新婦人協会治安警察法第五条改正運動(1922年・大正11)や、女性が弁護士になる事を可能とする、婦人弁護士制度制定(弁護士法改正、1933年・昭和8)等、女性の政治的・社会的権利獲得の面でいくつかの重要な成果をあげた。
- Nevertheless, the campaigns did achieve some important results in acquiring political and social rights for women, for example the New Women's Association's successful campaign for the revision of Article five of the Security Police Law (1922), which banned women from joining political assemblies, and the amendment of the Lawyers Act (1933), whose revision enabled women to become lawyers.
- こういった問題において、例えば箸は軽度の意識障害や指先の運動機能障害がある場合に大変扱い難い食器となってしまうわけだが、ここで先割れスプーン(特に先端部がフォーク状になっているもの)を使うと、無理な姿勢で食器に顔を近づけずとも、口元まで食事を運びやすい。
- For instance, in these problems, chopsticks are difficult to use for people who have disturbance of consciousness or motility disorder of fingertips, here, if they use spork (particularly, they use the spork with fork-like tip), it is easy for them to bring food to their mouths without moving their faces to eating utensils in unnatural posture.
- なお、しばしば総理大臣候補として名前が取り沙汰されながら結局死ぬまで選ばれなかった原因として、第3次桂内閣逓信大臣だった護憲運動時に前首相で政友会総裁の西園寺公望の失脚を画策し、最後の元老となった西園寺に嫌われていたことが大きいことを徳富蘇峰が語っている。
- Soho TOKUTOMI mentioned that the reason why Goto was not chosen to become the prime minister even though he had been often named as a candidate largely depended on the fact that he was disliked by Kinmochi SAIONJI, the last senior statesman (genro), because he orchestrated the downfall of Saionji, the former prime minister and chairman of the Constitutional Party of Political Friends (Rikken Seiyukai), when he was the Minister of Communications in the third KATSURA Cabinet promoting the Constitution protection movement.
- しかしかつて尊皇攘夷運動の活動家であった政府内の保守派は「神道が国教である(神道国教化)以上、異国の宗教を排除するのは当然である」、「キリスト教を解禁しても直ちに欧米が条約改正には応じるとは思えない」とキリスト教への反発を隠さず禁教令撤廃に強硬に反対した。
- Conservatives in the government, however, were once advocates for the revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians movement, and strongly opposed the abolishment of the Ban on Christianity without hiding their hostility to Christianity, saying that 'Shinto is the state religion (to establish Shinto as a state religion), so the religion from other countries should be removed' and that 'Europe and the U.S. are unlikely to immediately agree to revise treaties after lifting the ban on Christianly.'
- 朝鮮における壬午事変・甲申政変や清の戊戌の変法の失敗、長続きしなかったイランのイラン立憲革命やロシア帝国のセルゲイ・ヴィッテ改革、ピョートル・ストルイピン改革などが典型である(朝鮮の改革運動については金玉均など、清の改革については光緒帝、黄遵憲なども参照)。
- The examples of unsuccessful reforms are as follows: the Imo Incident and the Gapsin Corp in Korea; the Hundred Days' Reform in Qing; the Persian Constitutional Revolution in Iran; and the Reform of Sergei Witte and the Reform of Pyotr Stlypin in Russian empire (Regarding the movement of the reforms in Korea, refer to the article of 'Kim Ok-gyun,' and regarding the reforms in Qing, refer to the articles of 'Guangxu Emperor' and 'Huang Zunxian').
- 下賜当時、西南戦争・竹橋・自由民権運動などの社会情勢により、設立間もない軍部に動揺が広がっていたため、これを抑え、精神的支柱を確立する意図で起草されたものされ、1878年(明治11年)10月に陸軍卿山縣有朋が全陸軍将兵に印刷配布した軍人訓誡が元になっている。
- At the time of the grant, the newly organized military had been shook up due to social unrest caused by Seinan War, Takebashi and Movement for democratic rights, and therefore, in order to settle the situation and establish a mental pillar they drafted the imperial rescript, which was made from the admonition for military men printed and distributed to all the officers and soldiers by Aritomo YAMAGATA, director general of the army, in October, 1878.
- ところが、実際に帝国議会が開催されて民権派系の民党と政府の対立が激化すると、大同団結運動と距離を置いていた板垣退助を擁立する声が高まり、これを機に旧自由党系の再集結論が盛り上がり、同年暮に大井の自由党や大同倶楽部などによって板垣を擁した立憲自由党が結成された。
- However, once the Imperial Diet was actually held and a confrontation between People's Rights-leaning minto (general term of the political parties such as Liberal Party) and the government became intense, the trend became stronger to give support to Taisuke ITAGAKI, who had distanced himself from the movement to unite for a common purpose, and then this led to the discussion toward reunifying former Liberal Party; in the end of the year, the Constitutional Liberal Party was organized by Oi's Liberal Party and Daido kurabu and supported Itagaki.
- 江戸時代には儒教や仏教などの外来思想に批判的な立場から古典や神道を研究する国学が盛んになると、神国思想もまた広く受け入れられるようになり、それが幕末の黒船来航などの外的圧力の増大とともに攘夷論へと発展し、尊王攘夷運動が展開されてやがて江戸幕府滅亡の原因となった。
- In the Edo period, once the study of ancient Japanese thought, classics, and Shinto became popular under the view point of criticizing beliefs from overseas like Confucianism and Buddhism, the belief of Shinkoku was widely accepted, it developed the principle of excluding foreigners in the face of pressure from Western ships coming to Japan in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, the movement of 'Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians' (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of the barbarians or foreigners) was established which caused of the fall of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 1982年(昭和57年)から1988年(昭和63年)まで京都市と京都府仏教会・京都市仏教会とが深刻な対立抗争を繰り広げ、ついには多くの寺院の拝観停止や行政訴訟の提起にまでいたった、いわゆる「古都税問題」では、仏教会の理事長あるいは会長として反対運動の先頭に立った。
- In the so-called 'old capital tax issue' in which Kyoto City Government severely fought against Kyoto Prefecture Buddhist Organization and Kyoto City Buddhist Organization from 1982 to 1988 leading to suspension of viewing in may temples and submission of an administrative lawsuit, he spearheaded the protest campaign as a president or a chairman of the Buddhist Organizations.
- 1868年(慶応4年)、丹後国、丹波国、但馬国、播磨国、美作国5ヶ国の久美浜代官所、生野奉行支配地および但馬、丹波の旗本領は久美浜県となっていたが、生野代官所支配地を中心に分離運動が高まり、但馬(一部除く)、播磨、美作3カ国の地域が生野県として分離され、成立した。
- In 1868, places dominated by Kumihama or Ikuno magistrate's office in the five provinces of Tango, Tanba, Tajima, Harima and Mimasaka, and the Hatamoto domain in Tajima and Tanba were already consolidated into Kumihama Prefecture, but as separatist movements grew in places dominated by Ikuno magistrate's office, Tajima (except a part of it), Harima, and Mimasaka areas were separated and consolidated into Ikuno Prefecture.
- その後も、一部の人々は攘夷運動を進めようとした(草莽)が、明治2年(1869年)に入ると、明治政府は公議所・上局から上げられた「公議輿論」が攘夷は不可能であるという意見であったことを理由に「開国和親」を国是として以後は攘夷を議題としないことを決定(5月28日)した。
- Even after that, some ordinary citizens tried to continue the Joi movement; however, because the kogi-yoron (public deliberation) issued by the Kogisho (the lower house) and the Jokyoku (a law-making body) expressed the judgment that joi (the expelling of the barbarians) was not possible, the Meiji government adopted a national policy of 'opening the country up and establishing friendly relations with other countries' (kaikoku washin) in 1869 and decided not to employ joi as part of their agenda anymore (May 28).
- 演劇改良運動によって、歌舞伎の荒唐無稽を廃し史実を尊重した、能形式の歌舞伎舞踊が生み出されると、壽輔はかつて同じく能形式の『勧進帳』制作に携わった経験を活かし、脚本家の河竹黙阿弥、長唄の杵屋正次郎 (2代目)と組んで『船弁慶』などの松羽目物作品を次々と世に送り出す。
- After the Noh style of Kabuki Buyo dance, that excluded romance and respected historical facts, was produced by the movement of improving the theater, Jusuke used his experience in collaborating on the Noh style of 'Kanjincho,' produced the masterpieces of Matsubamemono (Pine-backdrop Dance) one after another such as 'Funa Benkei' with a playwright, Mokuami KAWATAKE, and a nagauta (long epic song with shamisen accompaniment) player, Shojiro OKEYA the second.
- これにさきだって板垣、片岡健吉、林有造らは、自分たちが大日本帝国憲法発布の寛典にもれたことを遺憾とし、国事犯に準じて特赦復権に浴したいと運動していたが、板垣が第2次伊藤内閣内務大臣 (日本)の地位についたのでついに1896年(明治29年)7月、同志らとともに釈放された。
- Prior to that, ITAGAKI, Kenkichi KATAOKA, Yuzo HAYASHI and others, deploring their exclusion from the amnesty granted upon promulgation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, had been heading a campaign to receive amnesty as political offenders, and when ITAGAKI took a position as Minister of Home Affairs in the second ITO cabinet in July 1896, Kenshi and his comrades were finally released.
- さらに開拓使官有物払下げ事件に際して出された石丸安世・石橋重朝の「不当廉価」を理由とした払い下げ中止の提議が、自由民権運動と結んだ大隈の謀略として受け止められ、岩倉らの要求によって御前会議が招集され、大隈の参議免官と佐野大蔵卿の更迭、後任に松方内務卿の転任が決定された。
- Iwakura also took the proposal by Yasuyo ISHIMARU and Shigetomo ISHIBASHI to call off the disposal of Hokkaido Development Commissioner's property for its 'unjustifiably low price' as Okuma's conspiracy with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, so a conference in the presence of the Emperor was convened by request from Iwakura where the dismissal of Okuma as Councilor, removal of Sano as Minister of the Treasury, and transference of Matsukata as Secretary of Interior were decided.
- 若い頃は頑迷なナショナリストであったが、「外人土地所有禁止法」(1912年)に見られる日本移民排斥運動などで日米関係が悪化した際には、対日理解促進のためにアメリカの報道機関へ日本のニュースを送る通信社を立案、成功はしなかったが、これが現在の時事通信社と共同通信社の起源となった。
- When he was young, he was a stubborn nationalist, but when the relationship between Japan and US deteriorated due to anti-immigrant movement seen in 'California Alien Land Law' (in 1912), he formed a plan of news service agencies to send Japanese news to the mass media in US, which was not successful, but this became the source of the current Jiji Press and Kyodo News.
- 日米修好通商条約は「治外法権」、関税自主権の放棄(協定関税率制)、片務的最恵国待遇など、日本にとって不利な内容を含む不平等条約であり、無防備なままの日本市場が世界市場に対して開かれると、入過により国内産業への影響、金の流出が物価高騰、尊王攘夷運動の激化や一揆、打ちこわし等を招いた。
- The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan was an unequal treaty including unfavourable conditions against Japan such as extraterritoriality, resignation of tariff autonomy (tariff agreement system) and unilateral MFN (most favoured nation) status, therefore when the Japanese market was opened to the world, domestic industries were defenceless against the impact of price increases and the draining of gold reserves which gave rise to the Sonno Joi Movement (a movement advocating reverence to the Emperor and expulsion of foreigners), uprising, and destructive urban riots.
- しかし、後醍醐天皇の討幕運動に呼応した河内国の楠木正成や後醍醐天皇の皇子で天台座主から還俗した護良親王、護良を支援した播磨国の赤松則村(円心)らが幕府軍に抵抗し、さらに幕府側の御家人である上野国の新田義貞や下野国の足利尊氏(高氏)らが幕府から朝廷へ寝返り、諸国の反幕府勢力を集める。
- However, those who had responded to Emperor Godaigo's call to strike against the shogunate like Masashige KUSUNOKI of Kawachi Province, Emperor Godaigo's own son Imperial Prince Morinaga (also known as Moriyoshi), who had returned to secular life after serving as head abbot of the entire Tendai sect, and Norimura (Enshin) AKAMATSU of Harima Province, who provided Morinaga support, continued to resist the shogunal forces; moreover, shogunal supporters like the gokenin (lower samurai warrior vassals) Yoshisada NITTA of Kozuke Province and Takauji ASHIKAGA of Shimotsuke Province eventually turned against the shogunate and joined the Imperial cause, gathering together a force from all the various provinces sufficient to topple the shogunate.
- 第1回衆議院議員総選挙で合計すると、衆議院の過半数を制した自由党(当時は分裂状態にあり、大同団結運動を経て再統合される)や立憲改進党などの民権派各党は、世論の意思は自分たちにあると捉え、自分達を弾圧してきた藩閥政府やその同調者と見られた保守系政党(大成会など)との対決姿勢を強めた。
- Winning majority in the first general election of the members of the House of Representatives in 1890, the parties demanding the democratic rights such as the Liberal Party (it was split then and reunited through the Great Merger Movement) and the Constitutional Progressive Party and etc. thought that the public was on their side and strengthened the attitude toward the han-dominated government (the members of former Choshu and Satsuma domains who played major part in the Meiji Restoration and had power after the restoration) which suppressed them and toward other conservative parties (the Taiseikai Group and so on) regarded as the followers of the government.
- 薩摩藩と長州藩が薩長同盟を結び倒幕運動を推し進めていた幕末も大詰めの時期、公議政体論を主張し将軍の政権返上を政治路線として考えていた土佐藩は、慶応3年(1867年)10月3日 (旧暦)に(坂本龍馬が発案計画し、後藤象二郎協力)大政奉還の建白書を藩主山内豊信を通じ将軍・徳川慶喜に提出した。
- At the very end of the Edo period when the Satsuma clan and Choshu clan formed Satsuma-Choshu Alliance to promote the movement to overthrow the Shogunate, the Tosa clan, which supported the parliamentary regime theory and the Shogun's returning the sovereignty to the Emperor, submitted a petition for Taisei Hokan (proposed and planned by Ryoma SAKAMOTO in cooperation with Shojiro GOTO) to the Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA through the lord of the domain Toyoshige YAMAUCHI on October 29, 1867.
- 明治十四年の政変(めいじじゅうよねんのせいへん)は、1881年(明治14年)自由民権運動の流れの中、憲法制定論議が高まり、政府内でも君主大権を残すビスマルク憲法かイギリス型の議院内閣制の憲法とするかで争われ、前者を支持する伊藤博文が、後者を支持する大隈重信を政府から追放した政治事件をさす。
- Meiji juyonen no seihen (the failed Meiji-14 coup of 1881) is a politically-motivated incident, which occurred during movement of the Freedom and People's Rights and dispute regarding creation of a constitution in government, especially between Hirobumi ITO, who recommended Bismarck's constitution, which preserves the royal prerogative and Shigenobu OKUMA, who recommended constitution from England, which has parliamentary system of government, as a result of the incident in which Shigenobu OKUMA was banned from government.
- 明治政府が明治元年(1868年)3月に発した太政官布告神仏分離令や明治3年(1870年)の大教宣布などの法令は、仏教排斥を意図したものではなかったが仏像・仏具の廃棄を神宮寺の社僧に抑圧されていた神職が暴力的に行い、檀家制度のもとで、寺院に搾取されていると感じる民衆がこれに加わり、各地に廃仏毀釈運動が起きた。
- The Meiji Government issued the edict of Separation of Shinto and Buddhism by Dajokan (Grand Council of state) in March 1868, and the Imperial Edict for Establishment of Shinto in 1870, although they did not intend to exclude Buddhism, Shinto priests who were oppressed by the priests attached to Jingu-ji Temple abusively destroyed Buddha statues and Buddhist objects, and the people who felt being exploited by the temple under the danka (parishioner) system joined the movement then it led to the Haibutsu-kishaku Movement in various places.
- だが、その一方で西南戦争以後民権派に反政府運動・民党の主導権を握られてきた国粋主義者を中心とした外交問題を軸とした政界再編構想の一環とも言え、本来親政府の吏党である筈の国民協会から普通選挙を掲げる急進民権派である東洋自由党までを巻き込んで、ゆくゆくは国粋主義を軸とした統一政党化も視野に入れた動きでもあった。
- Meanwhile, however, the movement was also, in a sense, part of the plan to create a national political realignment focusing on foreign affairs among nationalists in particular, who allowed popular rights groups to take the initiative in the anti-government movement Minto (political parties including the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party) since the Seinan War (a local war by Satsuma ex-samurai against the Meiji government); In other words, it also represented a political trend to unify all political parties with nationalism at the core in the future by involving the parties from the Kokumin Kyokai, a Rito which was fundamentally a pro-government political party, to the Toyo Jiyuto, a radical popular rights party which advocated universal suffrage.
- 会津藩上洛後の京都では尊攘運動がますます激しく、尊攘激派浪士による暗殺・脅迫が横行、朝廷においても尊攘派公家によって朝議が左右されるようになり、天皇の意向はまったく無視されて勅旨が乱発され、幕府に破約攘夷の実行を要求し、さらに1863年(文久3年)8月には天皇による攘夷親征を実行するための大和行幸が企てられた。
- After the statesmen of the Aizu clan had come to Kyoto, the Sonno Joi movement gained additional strength, assassinations and threats by masterless samurai extremists became commonplace; even in the Court, sympathetic court nobles to Sonno Joi had a great influence, they often gave Imperial order without asking the Emperor's permission and demanded that the Shogunate immediately renounce the treaties with foreign countries following the Joi group's proposal (expulsion of foreigners), and what's more, in August 1863 (according to the old lunar calendar) they planned the Emperor's visit to Yamato for carrying out the Emperor's direct commitment to Joi.
- しかし、これらの政党は対外政策では一定の一致をみていたものの、国内政策では国粋主義的な大日本協会や国民協会から自由民権運動の中でも急進派である東洋自由党まで幅広い勢力を含んでいたために、政府あるいは衆議院第2党の自由党 (明治)あるいは後に同党と伊藤博文系官僚勢力が合同した立憲政友会に対する批判でしか一致をみなかった。
- Although these political parties agreed certain points in external policy, in the internal policy these parties, which included nationalistic Dainihon Association, National Association, and the East Liberal Party which was a leftist among the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, agreed each other only in the point of criticism against the government, the Liberal Party which was the second party of House of Representatives (in Meiji Period), or the Rikken seiyukai (a political party organized by Hirobumi ITO) which was established from the alliance of the Liberal Party and the governmental bureaucratic in the side of Hirobumi ITO.
- 長州藩は没落して朝敵となるが、攘夷派であった孝明天皇の崩御、薩長同盟で薩摩と長州が密約を結ぶと、15代将軍の徳川慶喜は大政奉還を行い公議政体構築を目指すが、王政復古 (日本)により明治政府が成立、鳥羽伏見の戦いで旧幕府軍が敗北し、徳川慶喜に対する追討令が出ると、法的には幕府機構は消滅しているものの武力討幕運動が盛んになる。
- The Choshu clan toppled to become chouteki (朝敵), but after the death of Emperor Komei, who belonged to the sect that sought the expulsion of foreigners, Satsuma and Choshu concluded the Saccho Coalition (薩長同盟), and the fifteenth shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, seeking the establishment of the Kougi government, conducted the restoration of imperial rule; however, the Meiji Government was established through the acceptance of restoration of imperial rule (Japan), and upon the defeat of the former Bakufu army in the Battle of Toba Fushimi, the order to hunt down Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was released, and even though the Bakufu structure was legally extinguished, the Tobaku movement through military power became active.
- 金完燮の『親日派のための弁明』(2002)では、一進会の運動を、李氏朝鮮政府の圧政をはねのけようとする農民階級(東学党→進歩会)と、支配階級出身で朝鮮の近代化をめざす改革派知識人グループ(維新会)、そして朝鮮近代化を支援することで「攻撃的な防御」を確保しようとする日本、の3つの改革勢力が結集されたものとして高く評価している。
- In 'Explanation for the sake of pro-Japan' by Kim Wansop (2002), the author highly evaluated the Isshinkai's movement, comparing their movment with a concentration of three revolutionary powers consisted of peasants who tried to reject the oppression of Joseon Dynasty Government (Togaku-to => Shinpo-kai), the group consisted of revolutionary intellectuals from governing class aimed at modernization of Korea (Ishin-kai) and Japan which tried to secure the 'aggressive protection' by supporting the modernization of Korea.
- 明治6年(1873年)に征韓論を巡って政府部内が紛糾した明治六年政変では、勅旨をもって西郷隆盛の朝鮮派遣を中止させてこれを収め、明治7年(1874年)から明治8年(1875年)にかけて続いた自由民権運動では、立憲政体の詔(漸次立憲政体樹立の詔)を発して政体改革を進めるなど、天皇は政府内部の政治的対立を調停する役割を果たした。
- In 1873 when politics became complicated with the issue of the drastic theory against Korea, and political change occurring in Meiji 6, the Emperor worked as a mediator to stop the conflict within the government, by stopping Takamori SAIGO's armed force from going to Korea by issuing the Emperor's official order, and he proceeded to issue an Imperial rescript to establish a gradual constitutional government while there was a Freedom and People's Rights Movement between 1874 and 1875.
- 日本独立の1952年(昭和27年)から復活運動がおき、1958年(昭和33年)に国会への議案提出があり、1966年(昭和41年)に国民の祝日に関する法律が改正され、さらに佐藤栄作内閣によりs建国記念の日となる日を定める政令(昭和41年政令第376号)として再制定され、1967年(昭和42年)2月11日建国記念の日として実施された。
- A movement to revive the holiday started with the independence of Japan in 1952 – in 1958 a bill was submitted to Parliament, in 1966 the Public Holiday Law was revised, then the cabinet of Eisaku SATO issued a cabinet order (cabinet order no. 376, 1966) to re-establish the day as National Foundation Day (Kenkoku Kinen no Hi), which was enforced on February 11, 1967.
- 政府内で払下げに反対していた大隈の処分と反政府運動の鉾先を収めるため、岩倉具視(ただし岩倉は7月から10月まで休養を取って有馬温泉に行っていたので現在では岩倉の関与を否定し、伊藤が主な計画者とする説が有力。)、参議伊藤博文、井上毅らは協議を行い、明治天皇の行幸に大隈が同行している間に大隈の罷免、払下げ中止、10年後の国会開設などの方針を決めた。
- Regarding the punishment of Okuma, who was against the sale in government, and cooling down the movement against the government, Tomomi IWAKURA (However, because Iwakura was on vacation in Arima-onsen (hot spring) from July to October, today there is doubt about involvement of Iwakura, and Ito is considered as a main plotter), Hirobumi ITO, a Sangi, and Kowashi INOUE discussed about dismissal of Okuma, stop of the sales of government owned facilities and equipment and establishment of the National Diet after 10 years while Okuma was away for a trip with Emperor Meiji.
- 連合艦隊は、東郷平八郎司令長官の優れた戦術、二人の参謀(秋山真之、佐藤鉄太郎)による見事な作戦、上村彦之丞将軍率いる第二艦隊(巡洋艦を中心とした艦隊)による追撃、鈴木貫太郎の駆逐隊による魚雷攻撃作戦、下瀬火薬(世界最強火薬)、伊集院信管、新型無線機、世界初の斉射戦術、世界最高水準の高速艦隊運動などによって、欧州最強と言われたバルチック艦隊を圧倒、これを殲滅した。
- The Combined Fleet overwhelmed and annihilated the Baltic Fleet which was said to be the strongest in Europe through the superior tactics of the commander Heihachiro TOGO, the outstanding strategy of his two staff officers (Saneyuki AKIYAMA and Tetsutaro SATO), the pursuit of the enemy by the Second Fleet (a cruiser fleet) under the command of General Hikonojo KAMIMURA, torpedo operations with destroyers led by Kantaro SUZUKI, and the use of Shimose gunpowder (What was then the world's most powerful gunpowder), Ijuin fuse, cutting-edge radio sets, the invention and application of volley tactics, and the deployment of the world's fastest fleet in battle among several other factors.
- 彼ら急進派の政府転覆計画は結局は具現化をみるには至らなかったが、その後発生した1884年(明治17年)6月の群馬事件は、群馬県の下部自由党 (明治)員が、妙義山麓に困窮に苦しむ農民を結集し、圧制打倒の兵をあげようとしたものであり、さらに同年9月に発生した加波山事件は、茨城県の加波山に爆裂弾で武装した16人の急進的な民権運動家が挙兵し、警官隊と衝突するというものであった。
- After all the plot of overthrowing the government of the radicals was not realized, but in subsequent Gunma Incident occurred in June 1884, local members of the Liberal Party (Meiji period) in Gunma Prefecture, gathering peasants in poverty at the foot of Mt. Myogi, tried to raise an army against suppression and furthermore in Kabasan Incident occurred in September of the same year sixteen democratic radicals armed with bombs raised an army and encountered the police force.
- 日本民藝館の創設者であり民芸運動の中心人物でもある柳宗悦は、日本各地の陶磁器、染織、漆器、木竹工など、無名の工人の作になる日用雑器、朝鮮王朝時代の美術工芸品、江戸時代の遊行僧・木喰(もくじき)の仏像など、それまでの美術史が正当に評価してこなかった、西洋的な意味でのファインアートでもなく高価な古美術品でもない、無名の職人による民衆的美術工芸の美を発掘し、世に紹介することに努めた。
- Muneyoshi YANAGI, who was the founder and key figure of the Mingei (National Art) Movement worked hard to discover beauty of folkish art craftworks by unknown craftsman of ceramic ware, dyeing and weaving, lacquer ware, and woodwork such as daily use ware in various places in Japan and art crafts in Korean Dynasties period and Buddha statues of traveling monk or mokujiki in the Edo period which had not been fairly evaluated and not fine arts or expensive antiquities in the western sense and introduced them to public.
- しかし薩英戦争や下関戦争において外国艦隊との力の差に直面したことにより、単純な攘夷論に対する批判が生じて、津和野藩の国学者大国隆正らによって唱えられた国内統一を優先して、外国との交易によって富国強兵を図ってでも、諸外国と対等に対峙する力をつけるべきだとする「大攘夷」論が登場した事によって、これを受け入れた攘夷運動の主力であった長州藩・薩摩藩の主張も事実上開国へと転向していくのである。
- However, as Japan faced the power difference from the foreign fleets during the Anglo-Satsuma War and Shimonoseki War, criticisms to the simple Joi ron arose and was replaced with Dai joi ron started by Takamasa OKUNI, a scholar of Japanese classical literature in the Tsuwano Domain; Takamasa claimed that unification of the whole nation should be the first priority and should gain power that the country can confront other nations equally even by aiming fukoku kyohei (fortifying the country, strengthening the military) through trades with foreign countries; The Choshu Domain and Satsuma Domain, the major drive of the joi movement, accepted this view and started directing themselves for the opening of the country to the world.
- 倒幕の功に応じて十分な恩賞を与えられた武士は、足利尊氏、新田義貞、楠木正成ら一部に過ぎず、最初から倒幕運動に加わって六波羅攻略に功を立てた赤松則村(円心)が播磨国の守護職を没収されたり、1つの土地に何人もの領主が現れて混乱するなど倒幕の功に対する恩賞が不公平で、新政の初期から武士の不満は強かったと推測され、後醍醐の近臣である吉田定房や千種忠顕が詰め腹を切らされる形で出家させられている。
- Those who were amply rewarded for their meritorious contribution to the shogunate's defeat--Takauji ASHIKAGA, Yoshisada NITTA, Masashige KUSUNOKI, etc.--were only a tiny fraction of those who fought, and Norimura (Enshin) AKAMATSU, who had joined the struggle to overthrow the shogunate from the very beginning, was forced to forfeit his Protectorship of Harima Province, and the chaos caused by situations, like when a single plot of land found itself with multiple owners, showed the unfairness of the system to reward distinguished service against the shogunate, making it likely that discontent against the new government was strong right from the beginning; but Emperor Godaigo's vassals Sadafusa YOSHIDA and Tadaaki CHIGUSA were made to take the blame for this situation and were driven out of office and forced to take the tonsure.
- この運動の開始および展開については、1920年のブリュリューク(ダヴィッド・ブリュリュック、ダヴィド・ブルリューク、1882年-1967年, Давид Бурлюк, DavidBurliuk)とパリモフ(ヴィクトール・パリモフ、1888年-1929年, Bиктор Пальмов, Victor Palimov)の来日に伴う、ロシア未来派の影響、および、1923年の村山知義のドイツからの帰国が大きくかかわっている。
- The origins and development of such movements were greatly influenced by Russian Futurism following a visit to Japan of David Burliuk (Давид Бурлюк, 1882 - 1967) and Victor Palimov (Bиктор Пальмов, 1888 - 1929) in 1920, and by the return of Tomoyoshi MURAYAMA from Germany in 1923.
- 辛亥革命後、五・四運動を経て不平等条約破棄を求める中国国民の声が高まると、規定上の改訂期間が訪れた1926年10月に北京政府が条約改訂を日本側に打診するが、1928年7月19日、当時北京政府に代わって中国を掌握していた蒋介石の南京国民政府が一方的に破棄を通告、日本側はこれを拒否して継続を宣言したが、その後日本側からも対立悪化を懸念する声が上がり、改訂交渉が行われ、1930年5月6日に日華関税協定が結ばれて中国側の関税自主権が回復された。
- After the Xinhai Revolution, the demand to abrogate the unequal treaty increased among Chinese people in the May Fourth Movement, the Beijing Government offered the revision of the treaty to Japan in October 1926 when the term of revision started, but the Nanjing Government led by Chiang Kai-shek who controlled China at that time one-sidedly notified the abrogation of the treaty on July 19, 1928, on the other hand, Japan denied the notification and declared the continuation of the treaty, however, the concern was raised in Japan that the relationship between Japan and China might deteriorate, the two countries negotiated about revision of the treaty, and finally the Sino-Japanese Tariff Agreement was concluded on May 6, 1930, and the Chinese tariff autonomy was restored.
- 1905年(明治38年)-1925年(大正14年)とする説、1918年(大正7年)-1931年(昭和6年)とする説、1905年(明治38年)-1931年(昭和6年)とする説など、「大正デモクラシー」と呼称されるべき期間もその定義内容に応じて変動するが、いずれも大正天皇の在位期間(1912年(大正元年)-1926年(昭和元年))を中心とし1918年の第一次世界大戦の終了と、富山県で発生した米騒動をデモクラシー運動はじまりの中核として取り上げる点においては共通している。
- Although there are differences also regarding the time period for Taisho Democracy depending on the definition of this period, with some dating it from 1905 to 1925 and others claiming the period to be from 1918 to 1931 or from 1905 to 1931, consensus can be found in the facts that the period centers on the reign of Emperor Taisho (1912-1926), along with the end of World War I in 1918 and the rice riots in Toyama Prefecture marking the rise of movements calling for greater democracy.
- 当初、こうした政策は元寇などによって混乱する社会秩序の回復を図りたい鎌倉幕府の政策と軌を一にするもの(安達泰盛による幕政改革も「弘安徳政」と呼ばれている)であったが、やがて徳政の本格化とともに朝廷の威信回復の考えが旧体制(鎌倉幕府以前への)復帰を模索する動きに結び付けられるようになると、鎌倉幕府は皇位継承における両統迭立政策を名目とした政治介入を行い、亀山・伏見両上皇の院政停止を行った事から朝幕間に緊張状態を生み、やがて後醍醐天皇の親政に至ってついに鎌倉幕府に対する討幕運動へと転化することになったのである。
- Initially, these reforms were in agreement with the Kamakura bakufu's policies to recover public order after confusion due to Mongolian attempts to invade Japan, etc. (the bakufu reforms by Yasumori ADACHI are also called 'Koan-Tokusei'), but when the scale of tokusei was enlarged and consideration of reversion to the old system (before the Kamakura bakufu) became linked with the idea of recovering the authority of the Imperial Court, the Kamakura bakufu used Ryoto tetsuritsu policies for the Imperial succession as a reason to intervene politically and terminated the cloistered governments of Retired Emperors Kameyama and Fushimi, causing tension between the bakufu and the Imperial Court, leading to Emperor Godaigo's direct governance, which eventually transformed into the movement to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu.