進学: 123 Terms and Phrases

• 進学
• entering a higher-level school, esp. going on to university
• Shingaku

• 進学塾
• cramschool (for boys and girls who wish to go on to the next stage of education)

• 進学校
• school centred on preparing students to get into university
• high-level school a person has entered

• 進学率
• rate of advancement to the next higher level of education

• 高校進学
• continuing one's education into high school

• 大学進学
• continuing one's education into university

• 進学準備の
• preparatory

• 大学院進学
• continuing one's education into graduate school

• 大学院に進学
• He continued to graduate school.

• 進学適正検査
• academic aptitude test

• 大学院に進学。
• He then entered the graduate school.

• 医学部進学課程の学生
• premedical students

• 医学部進学課程のコース
• premedical courses

• SAT (大学進学適性試験)
• SAT

• 京都大学文学部哲学科へ進学。
• Entered Division of Philosophy of Faculty of Letters of Kyoto University.

• 全員が大学進学を目指します。
• All of them aim for college.

• 父の意向で法学部進学を目指す。
• He tried to enroll in the faculty of law at university following his father's wish.

• 彼は大学院に進学しないだろう。
• He won't go on to graduate school.

• 虎関師錬墨蹟 進学解残本 4幅
• 4 writings of Kokan Shiren - Shingaku kaizampon

• ４０％もの生徒が大学に進学する。
• No less than 40 percent of students go on to university.

• 私は大学院に進学するつもりです。
• I'm planning to go to graduate school.

• 彼は大学に進学すればよかったのに。
• I wish he had gone on to university.

• ４０％以上の生徒が大学に進学する。
• More than 40 percent of students go on to university.

• 本科（大学進学への予備教育）発足。
• The main curriculum (university preparatory education) started.

• 彼女は就職か大学進学か決心がつかない。
• She can't make up her mind whether to get a job or to go on to college.

• 事情があって私は大学進学をあきらめた。
• Due to circumstances, I gave up the idea of going to university.

• その後、京都市立絵画専門学校へ進学する。
• He then entered Kyoto-shiritsu Kaiga Senmon Gakko (Kyoto City Specialist School of Painting).

• 当社は進学を目指す全ての人を応援します。
• We support all those continuing their education.

• ９０人が札幌や東京の大学などに進学した。
• Ninety people went to university in Tokyo and Sapporo and other cities.

• 少なくとも４９％の生徒が大学に進学する。
• At least 49 percent of students go on to university.

• わずか４０％の生徒しか大学に進学しない。
• Only 40 percent of students go on university.

• 奨学金のおかげで彼女は大学に進学できた。
• The scholarship enable her to go to college.

• 少なくとも４０％の高校生が大学に進学する。
• Not less than 40 percent of students go on to university.

• せいぜい４０％の生徒しか大学に進学しない。
• At most 40 percent of students go on to university.

• 本科（大学進学への予備教育）、予科の廃止。
• The main curriculum (university preparatory education) and preparatory course were abolished.

• 彼は私に大学に進学するべきかどうかたずねた。
• He asked me whether he should go on to university.

• 卒業生が上級学校に進学できるかどうか試す試験
• an examination taken by graduate students to determine their fitness to continue

• 彼は、彼の父の希望を尊重して法学部に進学した
• he went to law school out of respect for his father's wishes

• せいぜい４０％の高校生しか大学に進学しない。
• Not more than 40 percent of students go on university.

• 本校の生徒の全員が大学に進学するわけではない。
• Not all the students of this school go on to university.

• 彼が何故大学に進学しないのか私にはわからない。
• I don't know the reason why he will not go on to college.

• 1895年（明治28年）、学習院の中等科へ進学。
• He advanced to Gakushuin Junior High School, enrolling in 1895.

• 大学院に進学し、在籍のまま京都市の嘱託技師となる
• He advanced to its graduate school and was entrusted with a temporary engineer post in Kyoto City, while retaining the student status.

• 理科乙類は医学部・薬学部進学コースとなっていた。
• Faculty of Sciences German category was set up as the way to advance to Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences.

• 彼女は奨学金のおかげで大学に進学することができた。
• She was able to go to college thanks to the scholarship.

• 君のお父さんは君を大学に進学させたかったんだろう。
• I think your father hoped you would go to college.

• 学習院を経て東京帝国大学（現・東京大学）法科に進学。
• After learning at Gakushuin School, he entered the law school of Tokyo Imperial University (present University of Tokyo).

• 父逝去のため進学を諦め、呉海軍工廠に製図工として勤務。
• He gave up advancing to higher education due to his father's death and worked as a draftsman for Kure Navy Arsenal.

• 1978年（昭和53年）4月 - 準特別進学コース創設
• 1975, April: The semi-special academic advancement course was established.

• 1912年 東京帝国大学文科大学哲学科卒業、同大学院進学。
• 1912: He graduated from the department of philosophy in the College of Literature, Tokyo Imperial University, and then entered the graduate school of Tokyo Imperial University.

• 私は英語を専攻するために、大学に進学することを決めました。
• I decided to go to college to major in English.

• 近年、III類（内部進学）には高校受験で若干の編入がある。
• Recently, class III (candidates from Rakunan junior high school) has received transferred students as a result of the high school entrance examination.

• 大学進学に備えてラテン語とギリシア語を重点的に教える中等学校
• a secondary school emphasizing Latin and Greek in preparation for college

• これら高等学校のエッセンスは帝国大学への進学保証制度であった。
• The essence of these higher schools was a system that guaranteed one's admittance into an imperial university.

• これらの大学へ進学するには旧制高等学校を卒業する必要があった。
• In order to go to these universities it was necessary to have graduated from a higher school under the old system.

• 明治16年8月三重県津中学校（現・三重県立津高等学校）に進学する。
• In August 1883, he went on to Tsu Junior High School in Mie Prefecture (present Tsu High School of Mie Prefecture).

• 日本は通信使の一行をとおして先進学問と技術を学ぼうと懸命であった。
• Japan was keen to learn advanced science and technology through the Tsushinshi envoy.

• 1975年（昭和40年）4月 - 自動車コース、特別進学コース創設
• 1975, April: The automobile course, a special academic advancement course, was established.

• 種々の学校改革を断行し、1980年代より急激に大学進学実績を伸長させた。
• They carried out various school reforms, and in the 1980s they achieved record numbers of students who went on to the university level.

• 96歳の1999年には近畿大学法学部二部の社会人入試枠に合格し、進学した。
• He passed the entrance examination designed for working people of the evening class of Faculty of Law, Kinki University in 1999 at the age of 96.

• 郡部では、高校卒業後に大学進学や就職などで都市部に出て行ってしまう者が多い。
• In rural areas, many young people moved to urban areas after finishing high school to enter a university or for finding work.

• 例えば、私は、来年進学する大学の単位が実際にもらえる数学の上級クラスにいます。
• For example, I am in a high-level math class that actually gives me college credits for next year.

• 明治期から大正期にかけては帝国大学への進学も完全に保証されたものではなかった。
• From the Meiji period to the Taisho period, advancement to an Imperial University was not completely guaranteed.

• 人気学部・学科への進学においては浪人するものもすくなくなく、白線浪人とよばれた。
• Upon advancing to popular faculties and departments, more than a few people became ronin (those who could not pass the examinations to enroll at a university), and they were called white-line ronin.

• 長じて第三高等学校 (旧制)（現在の京都大学）に進学するが、父の事業の失敗で中途退学。
• When he was older he entered the Daisan Koto Gakko (former Third High School; now Kyoto University) but had to withdraw when his father's business failed.

• 京都帝国大学の設立（1897年）に先立ち、大学予科の設置（大学進学への予備教育の復活）。
• A preparatory course was re-established for the Kyoto Imperial University, which was to be founded in 1897 (thus restoring university preparatory education).

• しかし、特定の旧制大学への進学を前提にするなど旧制高等学校とは違いがあり、別の機関である。
• However, it was a different institution, because unlike the higher school under the old system, there was a premise that the students would be admitted to specific universities under the old system.

• 上級学校進学を意識したためであり、当時の受験予備校であった共立学校、すぐに築地英学校に転校。
• That was due to his becoming conscious of entrance into a school of higher grade, and he moved to Kyoryu Gakko (Kyoryu School), a preparatory school for examinees at that time and then immediately to Tsukiji Eigakko (Foreign Language School).

• 明治17年に穂高の研成学校の支校保等（ほとう）学校を卒業し、長野県中学校松本支校へ進学した。
• After he graduated from Hotou school, a branch school of Kensei school in Hotaka in 1884, he entered Matusmoto branch school of Nagano Prefectural Junior High School.

• 1878年にはコレジエト校を卒業し、私立の女学校であるアーチャー・インスティチュートへ進学。
• After graduating from the Collegiate Institute in 1878, she entered the Archer Institute, a private school for girls.

• 尋常小学校を卒業したが、父から「絵描きには学問はいらない」と言われ、修業のため進学を断念した。
• When the sixth Toyokuni graduated from a primary school, his father told him 'a painter does not need any academic education', which made him to give up seeking after a higher education.

• 1925(T14)年、高等科に進学するが、１ヶ月後、規則により高等科を退学し青年訓練所に入る。
• He went to an advanced course in 1925, but one month later, he had to leave school because of a school rule and entered seinen kunrensho (Young Men's Military Training Corps).

• アリスは地元の高校・ヒルハウスハイスクールを卒業したものの、経済的な事情で大学進学をあきらめた。
• Although Alice graduated from a local school, Hillhouse High School, she gave up going to college due to their financial situation.

• 当時の日本画家は貧乏であり副業を得て生活していたことから父は画家よりは、東京帝国大学進学を切望。
• His father eagerly wanted him to go on to Tokyo Imperial University rather than become a painter, given the fact that a Japanese-style painter at that time was poor and would have to earn a living with sideline work.

• 外交官を目指し明治14年（1881年）、東京外国語学校 (旧制)（現東京外国語大学）露語科に進学。
• Seeking a diplomatic career, he went on to the Department of Russian language at Tokyo Gaikokugo Gakko (the Tokyo School of Foreign language under the old system, the present-day Tokyo University of Foreign Studies) in 1881.

• 10月：当時の進学予備校であった須田学舎や共立学校（現・開成中学校・高等学校）にて一時受験英語を学ぶ
• In October, he briefly studied English at a university preparatory school at Suda and Kyoritsu (presently Kaisei Junior High School and Kaisei High School)

• 学歴面でも、華族の子弟は学習院に無試験で入学でき、学習院高等科 (旧制)までの進学が保証されていた。
• Even in the academic carrier sphere, children in the kazoku class could enter Gakushuin School without examination, and it was guaranteed that they could advance up to Gakushuin High School (in the former educational system).

• これらの小学校への入学が東京帝国大学をはじめとする帝国大学群への進学に直結することとなり人気をあつめた。
• Entrance into these elementary schools was directly linked to moving onto imperial universities, including Tokyo Imperial University, and they became very popular.

• このため高等学校進学希望者は4年修了見込で高等学校を受験するのが一般的になり、合格するものも数多くでた。
• Therefore, it became common for the students wanting to enter higher schools to take the higher school entrance examinations, assuming that it would end in four years, and many people were accepted.

• 致し方なく、当時は進学予備校として知られていた私立の東京英語学校（現在の日本学園中学校・高等学校）に入学。
• Against his will, he entered a private school, Tokyo Eigo Gakko (Tokyo English School) (currently Nihon Gakuen Junior High School/Senior High School), which was then known as a preparatory school.

• また、手軽さ、安さ、栄養などの面から、就職や進学等で一人暮らしをはじめる際に、好んで食べられる場合がある。
• For its convenience, low price, and high nutrition, it is often preferred by young people who just started to live alone to work or go to school.

• なお「天皇位をめぐる戦乱」であるため、戦前は旧制高等学校以上に進学しないとこの乱については教育されなかった。
• Also this war was a battle over the imperial throne so before the Second World War, if the students did not advance to the old-education-system high school or more, they were not educated about this war.

• 家には進学を勧められたが、当時の「教育制度に反感をおこして」いた上に病気がちのため医者が進学を勧めなかった。
• Though his parents told him to get a higher education, he 'had a feeling of opposition about the education system' at that time and his doctor did not recommend him to go to higher school due to his unhealthy condition.

• 自動車デザイナーに憧れ東京芸術大学へ進学するが、公害問題を抱えた日本社会を目の当たりにし、環境デザインを志す。
• Having been ambitious to be an automotive designer, he went on to Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, but as he became more aware that Japanese society had an environmental pollution issue, he decided to seek a career in environmental design.

• III類（内部進学）、III類（高校入学）、I類一般、I類推薦（スポーツ・吹奏楽等）などで別々のクラスとなる。
• Class III (candidate from Rakunan Junior High School), class III (candidate from another junior high school), class I general, class I scholarship (sports, brass band), etc., with students separated by class.

• 女子学生は概してお客さん扱いで大事にされ、卒業後は帝大、新制大学に進学し、教職・研究職についたものがおおかった。
• In general, female students were treated well as guests, and many went on to imperial universities or universities under the new system, then became teachers and researchers.

• 兵庫県立第二神戸中学校（現兵庫県立兵庫高等学校）在学中から画家を志し、東京美術学校（現東京芸術大学）日本画科へ進学。
• While in the Hyogo Prefectural Daini-Kobe Junior High School (present Hyogo Prefectural Hyogo High School), he came to aim to be a painter, and went on to the Department of Japanese-style painting of the Tokyo School of Fine Arts (present Tokyo University of Arts).

• この成句（詩）は、『青嶂集』（相国寺刊・梶谷宗忍訳注『観中録・青嶂集』所収）に、「進学斎」という題で収録されている。
• This phrase (poem) is included with the title 'Shingakusai' in 'Seishoshu' (included in 'Kanchuroku Seishoshu' issued by Shokoku-ji Temple, translated and commented by Sonin KAJITANI))

• 改革後の洛南高等学校は、風紀は堅く守られ、又、学問、スポーツともに成績全国トップクラスの進学校として生まれ変わった。
• After all the reforms, students began to obey the code of school discipline and Rakunan High School became a high-ranked school in terms of its educational offering and sports teams.

• このように「予科をもつ地方帝大」と「予科をもたない官立医大」の出現で旧制高校卒業＝帝国大学進学という図式はくずれた。
• Because of the emergence of 'regional imperial universities with preparatory courses' and 'national medical colleges without preparatory courses,' equating graduation from former higher school and going to an imperial university no longer worked.

• また酒造業だけでなく受験進学校として知られる灘中学校・高等学校の前身、灘中学校の創立や兵庫運河の建設工事にも力を注いだ。
• He engaged in not only the sake-brewing industry but also the establishment of Nada Junior and Senior High School and the construction of the Hyogo Canal.

• 旧制高等学校に類似するものの（大学令により設立されたもの）、個別に連携された大学へのみ進学を前提とした高等教育機関である。
• While they were similar to higher schools under the old system (those established by the University Order), they were institutions of higher education with the understanding that their students would advance only to the universities with which they were separately associated.

• 3年次終了時に成績が特に優秀と認められた場合には4年次を受けることなく大学院に進学することができる飛び級制度を設けている。
• The skipping a grade system was established whereby a third-year student can enter graduate school if approved as an honor student upon completion of the third year.

• 学習院高等科出身者以外の政治学科同級生に東京都立両国高等学校から現役進学した後の日本会議国会議員懇談会初代会長島村宜伸がいる。
• Yoshinobu SHIMAMURA, the first chairman of 'Nippon Kaigi Kokkaigiin Kondanakai' (Japan informal gathering of Diet members) was a classmate in the Department of Political Science of Gakushuin University, who passed the college entrance examination while still enrolled in Tokyo Metropolitan Ryogoku High School.

• 東京都立日比谷高等学校、第一高等学校 (旧制) を経て、帝国大学法科大学政治学科（のちの東京帝大、現在の東京大学法学部）へ進学。
• After studying at Hibiya High School, Tokyo, and Daiichi High School (the first old-education-system high school) he entered the Department of Political Science, School of Law, Imperial University (later Tokyo Imperial University, present the Faculty of Low at Tokyo University).

• 大正時代頃には進学率の上昇などを背景に、都市を中心に洋風の文化が次第に浸透し、デパートに代表される消費文化、大衆文化が成立した。
• In around the Taisho period, Western culture gradually penetrated mainly in cities against the backdrop of the increasing advancement rate, and a consumer-driven culture typified by department stores, and popular culture were established.

• 学生の間では「あ法学部（あほ）」と呼ばれた時期もあったが、これは以前の内部進学者の中でも学力の低いものが行く学部だったためである。
• There was a time when the students called the 'Faculty of A-Ho (law) (Faculty of Stupid),' because it was the faculty for low score applicants from related high schools.

• 帝国大学の入学定員は旧制高校の卒業者数とほぼおなじだったので、志望する学科を選り好みしなければ、卒業後の帝国大学進学を保証された。
• The enrollment capacity at imperial universities was about the same as the number of graduates from the former higher schools, and therefore, as long as one was not picky about the desired field of study, enrollment at an imperial university after graduation was guaranteed.

• しかし、1990年代以降は不況や大学進学者の増加などで高卒者の採用を取り止める企業が増えたため成人を迎える従業員も年々減少している。
• However, since the number of companies which stopped hiring high school graduates due to the recession and increase in the number of high school graduates who went to university has increased in and after 1990s, workers entering adulthood decreased yearly.

• 高等学科の卒業生は帝国大学側に定員割れがしょうじた場合や、院長の推薦によりのみ帝国大学への進学がゆるされるなど制度として一定していない。
• The graduates of higher course were permitted to go on to an imperial university when the student enrollment capacity was not filled at the imperial university, or only by recommendation of the university president, and there was no standard system of advancement.

• 1972年に経営から引退し、浮世絵に専念していたが、長年進学の希望を抱き続け、93歳になった1996年、大阪府立桃谷高等学校定時制に入学。
• Although the sixth Toyokuni dedicated himself to the Ukiyo-e painting after retiring from the business in 1972, he never forgot his dream to receive a higher education, which encouraged him to enter the evening Momotani High School in Osaka Prefecture in 1996 at the age of 93.

• 1882年（明治15年）に上京し、大学予備門（第一高等中学校、現在の東京大学教養学部）を経て、東京大学法科大学（現在の東京大学法学部）に進学。
• In 1882, he came up to Tokyo and enrolled at Daigakuyobimon (Daiichi Koto Chugakko (First High School), The present University of Tokyo, Faculty of Liberal Arts) before advancing to the law school of Tokyo University (The present faculty of law at Tokyo University).

• ほかの旧制高校高等科卒業生とまったく同等の帝国大学への進学許可が制度的に保証されるようなったのは1921年の文部省令第二七号によるものである。
• Order of Ministry of Education Article Number 27 in 1921 guaranteed students institutional permission to advance to imperial universities just as other graduates of higher course of higher schools under the old system.

• 父の厳格さを敬遠して京都の大学に進学、能からも一時遠ざかるが、ニューヨークで左右十郎シテ、憲人ツレにより演じられた「恋重荷」を見て能楽師を志す。
• He goes to a university in Kyoto to get away from his strict father, not becoming interested in Noh until he watches 'Koi no Omoni' (The Burden of Love) performed by Sojuro as a shite and Norito as a tsure (a shite's companion) in New York, and then decides to be a Nohgakushi.

• 本当は数学が好きであったが、父の叔父に当たる喜多源逸教授の「数学が好きなら化学をやれ」という一言に触発されて、京都大学工学部工業化学科に進学した。
• He really liked mathematics, but his father's uncle, Professor Genitsu KITA, swayed him to study chemistry by saying, 'If you like math, then do chemistry'. So he decided to enter into the Faculty of Engineering Undergraduate School of Industrial Chemistry program at Kyoto University.

• 2006年度からそのプロジェクトが始まり、初めてスカラー生が3年生になった2008年度は残念ながらトップ昇格はなかったが、全員が立命館大学に進学した。
• The project began in the 2006 school year, and in the 2008 school year when Scholar students moved up to the third grade for the first time, it was regrettable that no one was promoted to the top team, but all the students were able to go on to Ritsumeikan University.

• 校名を洛南高等学校と改称するだけでなく、校則を厳しくし不良生徒を退学などの処分を含めて大幅に取り締まり、また特別進学コースを設置して優秀な生徒を集めた。
• The school was renamed as Rakunan High School, enacting strict school regulations and control measures for poor students, including withdrawal from school, but otherwise it instituted a special academic advancement course designed to attract intelligent students.

• したがって、高等師範学校や高等実業学校からの進学希望者は形式的には欠員補充であったが、帝国大学では定員充足を理由に傍系入学というあつかいで入学を許可されていた。
• Therefore, applicants from higher normal schools and higher technical schools were admitted to fill the enrollment capacity in form, but at imperial universities they were permitted to enroll, using the fill-ins as a reason and treating them as indirect enrollments.

• 学習院中等科を修了後、華族の師弟は学習院高等科にそのまま進学するのが通例だが、当時第一高等学校 (旧制) の校長であった新渡戸稲造に感化され、一高を受験して進学。
• In general, children of the nobility went on to attend Gakushuin High School after graduating from Gakushuin Junior High School, but because he was influenced by Inazo NITOBE, who was the headmaster of Daiichi High School, he went on to attend that school instead.

• 寺子屋・梅泉堂（梅泉学校、のち港区立桜川小、現在の港区立御成門小学校）を経て、府第二中学（すぐに府第一中と統合し府中学となる。現在の東京都立日比谷高等学校）に進学。
• After graduating from terakoya (a private elementary school during the Edo period) called Baisendo (Baisen Primary School, later Sakuragawa elementary school, and the present-day Onarimon elementary school in Minato Ward), Koyo went to Tokyofu Daini Junior High School (soon became Tokyofu Junior High School after merging with Tokyofu Dainichi Junior High School; present-day Hibiya High School, Tokyo).

• そのため、進学を希望している者の中で、学資が支給されない学校に入学しても、支払いが見込めない（いわゆる、経済的に恵まれない）者は、他の学校より、師範学校に入学することが多かった。
• Therefore, those who wished to receive a higher education, but could not afford their school expenses chose a normal school instead of other ordinary schools which did not provide the school expenses of students.

• しかし、父が職務怠慢の咎により郡目付役を解職永蟄居の処分となったため生活は困窮し外生課程に進学せずに弘道館教授で儒学・国学者であった枝吉神陽の私塾に学び、神道や尊皇思想に影響される。
• However, his father was punished for negligence of duty by being removed from the position of superintendent officer of the district and placed under house arrest which forced the family into poverty and meant that Shinpei could proceed to tertiary education, so instead he studied at the private school of Shinyo EDAYOSHI, a scholar of Confucianism and ancient Japanese literature and culture, where he was influenced by Shinto and the principle of reverence for the Emperor.

• これらの学校は尋常科（4年制）、高等科（3年制）からなる7年制高等学校（学習院は尋常科にあたる中等科5年を併設した8年制）であり、一度尋常科に入学すれば帝国大学への進学が保証された。
• These schools consisted of a regular course (four years) and advanced course (three years), totaling seven years of higher school (Gakushuin consisted of eight years because of merging of five years of middle school, which was equivalent to the regular course), and once enrolled in the regular course a spot at an imperial university was guaranteed.

• しかし、受験で過年度生しただけで式典参加が困難になる場合が多いうえ、前年に他市町村で成人式の対象とならなかった人が翌年、進学や転勤で札幌市に転入した場合、2年続けて参加できなくなった。
• However, besides cases where new adults could hardly participate in the ceremony unless they change their participation to the previous year because they are involved in taking examinations, there were also cases of new adults in other municipalities who were not subject to participation in the Seijin-shiki ceremony in the previous year who could not participate for two consecutive years when they moved to Sapporo City during the next year to proceed with their higher education or for being transferred.

• そして高等教育機関進学や官吏登用では制度的に差別された上、日本人の間には台湾人に対する差別意識も存在しており、それを解消すべく戦時中には皇民化政策により日本人との同化が義務化されるなどの政策が行われた。
• Systematic discrimination existed in the admission to higher educational institutions or for governmental employment and Japanese had a sense of discrimination against Taiwanese, so the government conducted the kominka policy to oblige them to assimilate to Japanese during the war.

• 1982年（昭和57年）4月 - コース呼称変更普通科→I類、普通科（自動車コース）→II類、普通科（特別進学コース・準特別進学コース）→III類（特別進学コース→III類A、準特別進学コース→III類B）
• 1982, April: Courses were renamed as General Course, class I; General Course (Automobile course), class II; General Course (special academic advancement course and semi-special academic advancement course), class III (special academic advancement course, class IIIA, and semi-special academic advancement course, class IIIB).

• 師範学校→高等師範学校→文理科大学というコースをとれば、学費無料で中等学校→高等学校→帝国大学という正規のルートに匹敵する教育が受けられたため、経済的な理由で進学を断念せざるをえない優秀な人材を多く吸収した。
• If a student could manage to take the course as follows: normal school => higher normal school => university of literature and science, the student could complete a course which was equivalent to a regular route: middle school => high school => imperial university, with no school expenses, thus normal schools attracted many students who were excellent but suffering financial burdens.

• その間、東大予備門（のちの第一高等学校 (旧制)）校長にあり、また大学予備門など旧制高校進学のために英語でもって教授する予備校であった東京英語学校（のちすぐに日本学園中学校・高等学校に改称）創立の中心の一人となる。
• In the mean time, he became the principal of Preparatory School for the University of Tokyo (later the First Senior High School [under the old education system]), and a member for the foundation of Tokyo English School (soon changed its name to Nihon Gakuen Junior and Senior High School), a preparatory school teaching in English to enter old-education-system high schools including preparatory schools for universities.

• 1960年代までは、新成人は半数以上が既に社会に出ている勤労青少年だったが、1970年代以降、大学進学者（進学率）の増加や中卒・高卒就職者の減少から、新成人全体に占める在学者の割合も年々増加しており、現在に至っている。
• Although until 1960s, more than half of the new adults were working youths who had already entered the business world, in and after 1970s, the proportion of students to the total number new adults has been increasing even now due to an increase in the number of people going to university (university advancement rate) and decrease in the number of people finding work after finishing junior high school or high school.

• これは就職や進学で地元を離れる人が多いので、実家に帰省する人が多いお盆や松の内に行うほうが参加しやすい、晴れ着などに金銭をかけなくて済むという配慮が働いていると思われる（特に岩手県では、半数以上の町村がお盆に開催している）。
• The reason it is considered is because municipalities give consideration to young people so that many of them who leave their home towns to take a job or to proceed to higher education can easily participate in the ceremony on the day of Obon festival or during the first seven days of the year when many of them return home, and do not need to spend money on buying a best dress (in particular, more than half of towns and villages in Iwate Prefecture hold the ceremony on the day of the Obon festival).

• また、教育問題や福祉などでも「蜷川府政の教育政策は生徒を甘やかし、駄目にするだけだ（京都大学への府立高校からの進学率低下などが材料にされた）」「学校内外で教職員組合の横暴が過ぎる」「税金によるばら撒き福祉だ」という批判が頻繁に出されるようになった。
• Also, educational matters and welfare policies began to suffer frequent criticisms that 'the educational policy of Ninagawa's administration did nothing but indulge and spoil students (by citing instances of decreased percentage of enrollment from prefectural senior high schools to the Kyoto University),' 'high-handed behaviors of teachers' unions inside and outside the schools are intolerable,' and 'his welfare policy is pork-barrel politics which waste tax money.'

• これらの外国語学校は外交・貿易・布教など海外活動実務者の養成機関として位置づけられ、旧制高等学校 - 帝国大学進学者にとって必須の教養であった英語・フランス語・ドイツ語のみならず、中国語・ロシア語・スペイン語・ポルトガル語・マレー語・印度諸言語など、よりマイナーな語学の教育を重視していたという点に特徴がある。
• Those schools of foreign languages were positioned as institutes for training of people who would conduct some activities in foreign countries such as diplomatic activities, trading or missionary work, and what characterized those schools was that they emphasized education of minor languages such as Chinese, Russian, Spanish, Portuguese, Malay and Indian languages other than English, French, and German, the essential academic subjects for those who intend to enter Imperial universities from senior high schools (old education system).

• カリキュラムは、当初「リベラルアーツカレッジ」にならって教養教育に重きが置かれ、大学によっては医学部への進学課程等も置かれていたが、戦後、小・中学校が整備されるとともに卒業生の進路も教員が主流となり、昭和41年に改正国立学校設置法が施行されると、ほとんどの学芸学部は教職以外の分野に進むコースを順次廃止し、その名称を「教育学部」へ変更するようになった。
• On the model of 'liberal arts colleges' the curriculum at first put emphasis on liberal arts education with some universities providing a course to a medical school, however, following the upgrading of elementary/middle schools after World War II, most of the graduates chose a teaching job, and when the revised National School Establishment Law came into force in 1966, most of departments of arts and sciences sequentially abolished courses not related to school teaching and began to change their names to 'Department of Education'.