連: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 薩長連合
- Satsuma and Choshu Alliance
- 関連勅令
- Related imperial edicts
- 関連遺跡
- Related Ruins
- Remains related to Saigyo no musume
- 府連の主張
- The Kyoto Federation's argument
- 古代中国関連
- History books related to ancient China
- 検注関連文書
- Documents relating to kenchu
- 7連発が可能。
- It enabled seven shots to be fired in a row.
- 京都府学連事件
- The case of student union of Kyoto Prefecture
- 条里制との関連
- Relationship with Jorisei (system of land subdivision)
- 連隊長:与倉知実
- Regimental Commander: Tomozane YOKURA
- 連隊付:一戸兵衛
- Regimental Officer: Hyoe ICHINOHE
- 連隊長:黒木為楨
- Regimental Commander: Tamemoto KUROKI
- 織田・徳川連合軍
- The Oda-Tokugawa Allied Forces
- 八ヶ国連合軍の派遣
- Dispatch of the Eight-Nation Alliance
- 第一次連合軍の派遣
- Dispatch of the First Allied Forces
- お蔭参りとの関連性
- Relationship with the phenomenon 'okagemairi'
- 喜連川藩(下野国)
- Kitsuregawa Domain (Shimotsuke Province)
- 連隊長:佐久間左馬太
- Regimental Commander: Samata SAKUMA
- 官軍主力の鹿児島連絡
- Contact of Main Government Forces with Other Government Forces in Kagoshima
- 「七つに曰く、連。」
- The seventh, Muraji.
- 三新法と関連重要諸法
- Three New Laws and Associated Important Laws
- 関連するフィクション
- Related fiction
- 歩兵第14連隊(小倉)
- The 14th infantry regiment (in Kokura)
- 歩兵第13連隊(熊本)
- The 13th infantry regiment (in Kumamoto)
- 関連年表を以下に記す。
- The following is the chronology of events relating to the Old Capital Tax.
- 解放同盟京都府連の分裂
- A split in the Buraku Liberation League, Kyoto Federation
- この一連の事件を指す。
- These events are together called the Genroku Ako Incident.
- 他の尺貫法の単位との関連
- The Conversion with Other Traditional System of Weights and Measures
- 城の形式は連郭式平山城。
- The castle is hirayamajiro of renkakushiki (renkaku style, which has the hon maru in the center with the ni no maru and the san no maru on either side. When building a castle of this style, it was necessary to provide extra protection for the more exposed hon maru.).
- 第二十連合航空隊に編入。
- The squadron was incorporated into the 20th Combined Air Group.
- 連枝…法主の子供・兄弟。
- Renshi: The children and brothers of a hoshu.
- 第十一連合航空隊に編入。
- It was placed to the 11th Combined Air Corps.
- 二十三連合航空隊に転籍。
- It was transferred to the 23rd Combined Naval Air Corps.
- 第十二連合航空隊に編入。
- It was placed to the 12th Combined Air Corps.
- 1917年 ソビエト連邦
- 1917: Soviet Union
- - 大泊町(稚泊連絡船)
- -Otomari Town (Chihaku Renraku Sen)
- アルコール関連神経発達障害
- alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder
- 連隊長心得:乃木希典陸軍少佐
- Assistant Regimental Commander: Maresuke NOGI, Major of the Imperial Army
- 連隊長心得:川上操六陸軍少佐
- Assistant Regimental Commander: Soroku KAWAKAMI, Major of the Imperial Army
- 東京鎮台歩兵第2連隊(佐倉)
- The 2nd infantry regiment of Tokyo Garrison (in Sakura)
- 東京鎮台歩兵第3連隊(高崎)
- The 3rd infantry regiment of Tokyo Garrison (in Takasaki)
- 大阪鎮台歩兵第8連隊(大阪)
- The 8th infantry regiment of Osaka Garrison (in Osaka)
- - ソビエト連邦軍、平壌進駐
- The Soviet Union army occupied Pyongyang.
- 薩長盟約、薩長連合ともいう。
- It is also called the 'Saccho Meiyaku' (Satsuma-Choshu Confederacy) or 'Saccho Rengo' (Satsuma-Choshu League).
- 広島鎮台歩兵第11連隊(広島)
- The 11th infantry regiment of Hiroshima Garrison (in Hiroshima)
- 一門…連枝の嫡男(第二世代)。
- Ichimon: A legitimate son of renshi (the second generation).
- 栄典(特に勲等)に関連する法令
- Law concerning honor (especially medals for merit)
- 唐・新羅連合軍の勝利に終わった。
- The Silla-Tang allied forces emerged as victors.
- 広島鎮台歩兵第12連隊(丸亀市)
- The 12th infantry regiment of Hiroshima Garrison (in Marugame City)
- 名古屋鎮台歩兵第6連隊(名古屋)
- The 6th infantry regiment of Nagoya Garrison (in Nagoya)
- 弟の源光保も連座して解官された。
- His younger brother MINAMOTO no Mitsuyasu was also removed from his office for conspiracy.
- 第二次連合軍の編成と日本軍の参戦
- The organization of the Second Allied Forces and participation in the war by the Japanese Army
- 3月1日 第十九連合航空隊解隊。
- March 1: The 19th Combined Naval Air Corps was demobilized.
- 午前6時に青森連隊駐屯地を出発。
- They left Aomori regimental post at 6 a.m.
- 飛鳥・藤原の宮都とその関連資産群
- Asuka-Fujiwara: Archaeological sites of Japan's Ancient Capitals and Related Properties
- 東京竜原府(吉林省琿春市八連城)
- Dongjing Longyuanfu (Baliancheng, Hunchun City, Jilin Province today)
- つまり「死」を連想される物に注意。
- That is, one must be careful of something which is associated with 'death.'
- 高国は浦上村宗と連携して京に侵攻。
- Takakuni invaded the capital in a collaborative effort with Muramune URAGAMI.
- 「大の月が4連続してはならない。」
- If a month that consists of 30 days continues four times in a row, it is unlucky.'
- 独立大隊(のちに六番・七番連合大隊)
- Separate battalion (later, the combined battalion of the 6th and 7th battalions)
- 婦人、出養、入道には連座しなかった。
- Ladies, along with those who had become adopted by other families or entered the priesthood, were immune from complicity.
- 倭・倭人関連の中国文献も参照のこと。
- See Chinese literatures related to Wa or Wajin.
- 1906年 連邦政府、帰化法を改正。
- In 1906, the federal government amended the Naturalization Act.
- だが、この弱者連合はすぐに行き詰まる。
- However, this coalition of the weak soon had major difficulties.
- 連続的な画面構成と動的な表現に優れる。
- Its sequential frame structures and dynamic expressions are excellent.
- ブリーダーズカップ・スプリント三連覇。
- He won the Breeder's Cup three times in a row.
- (歩兵第1連隊中隊長心得):安東貞美中尉
- (Assistant Company Commander of the first infantry regiment): Teibi ANDO, First Lieutenant
- 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部による戦後統治
- The post-war rule by the General Headquarter of the Allied Forces.
- 韓国と日本の連邦形式の対等合邦を求めた。
- Thus, he called for the equal consolidation of Korea and Japan which would take a form of federation.
- 大臣(おおおみ)、連(おおむらじ)の廃止
- Abolition of Oomi (the minister) and Omuraji (the most powerful administrative ruler):
- 金工は梵鐘、仏具など仏教関連のものが多い。
- In the works of metal sub-category, many of them are temple bells, altar fittings and other Buddhist-related items.
- 結果、雷撃隊と薩軍本隊との連絡が絶たれた。
- As a result, communications between the Raigeki-tai troop and the main force of the Satsuma army were cut off.
- - ソビエト連邦対日参戦、豆満江を越える。
- The Soviet Union entered the war against Japan, and went over the Tumen River.
- 警察は引渡しを要求したが朝連側は拒否した。
- The police demanded them to hand over the suspect but the Koreans refused.
- 伊預部馬養連の記したところのものを述べる。
- IYOBE no Umakai no Muraji described as follows:
- 通称は勤倹尚武連(きんけんしょうぶれん)。
- It was commonly termed Kinkenshobu-ren.
- 大仏建立に関連した奈良時代のものではない。
- They were not the crucibles used for the project to build the Great Buddha in Nara period.
- 12月、大伴連など50氏に宿禰の姓を授ける。
- December: The title of 'Sukune' was given to 50 clans such as Otomo no muraji.
- これを「注連を立つ」「神木を振る」と呼んだ。
- In Japanese, this process of the custom was depicted as 'sime wo tatsu' (stretch the sacred rice-straw ropes), or as 'Shinboku wo furu' (stand the sacred tree).
- 第二次世界大戦中、第442連隊戦闘団に所属。
- He was a member of the 442nd Regiment during World War II.
- 連続した土地で方格線がずれている場合もある。
- In some cases, hokaku sen are out of alignment in adjacent lands.
- こうして官軍主力と鹿児島上陸軍の連絡がついた。
- In this way, the main government forces came into contact with their forces landed in Kagoshima.
- これら一連の政治的弾圧を「安政の大獄」と呼ぶ。
- Those political crackdowns are called 'Ansei no taigoku' (The Ansei Purge).
- 研究所の目論んだ三木府連の会館復帰は頓挫した。
- The purpose of the Institute, the Miki Furen's return to the Hall, was broken down.
- これらの要因は、連合軍の弱点となったと言える。
- These factors became the weakness of the allied force.
- 一家…連枝の次男以下と蓮如以前に分かれた一族。
- Ikke: The second and younger sons of renshi and the families branched before Rennyo.
- 5月5日 十一連空解散、第十三航空戦隊に転籍。
- May 5: The 11th Combined Air Corps was demobilized and was transferred to the 13th Air Corps.
- すなわち極めて同志意識・連帯意識が濃厚であった。
- In other words, they had extremely strong comradeship and solidarity.
- 縁座(連座)に関する規定は、唐と日本で異なった。
- Provisions regarding enza or complicity were different in Tang Dynasty China and Japan.
- なお、関連用語として、任官拒否という用語もある。
- A related term is ninkankyohi, which means refusal of appointment.
- 通説では大久保長安事件への連座と考えられている。
- It is commonly believed that the punishment of the ISHIKAWA clan was due to the their involvement in the Nagayo OKUBO incident.
- 長兵衛尉 長谷部信連が落ち延びたとする伝承がある。
- It has been passed down that Nobutsura HASEBE, Chohyoe no jo, escaped to this place.
- その他、近隣の業者が連携して輸送の効率化を図った。
- Neighboring carriers cooperated to improve the efficiency of transportation as well.
- 武蔵七党は完全に地域連合のと見なしてもよいだろう。
- It could be interpreted that Musashi-shichito Parties were completely local unions.
- そして9月16日に緒戦においては連合軍を撃退する。
- On October 25, they fended off the allied forces towards the beginning of the war.
- 須責保(保人(公的分野における連帯保証人)の規定)
- This Article 'Syusekiho' was made to indicate rules and regulations concerned to honin (joint and several guarantor in the public sector).
- 渋川廃寺…物部氏(大連守屋)、大阪府八尾市渋川町。
- Shibukawa-ji Abandoned Temple... Mononobe clan (Omuraji no Moriya), in Shibukawa-cho, Yao City, Osaka Prefecture
- 一連の戦いの後も北信濃の支配権は武田氏が握っていた。
- Even after the series of battles, the Takeda clan continued to dominate over the northern Shinano area
- 中露旅順大連市租界条約 1898年3月27日 在北京
- Treaty of Lushun-Dalian Concession between China and Russia, March 27, 1898, in Beijing
- また、同国の八条院領高橋荘とも関連があったとされる。
- Also it is considered that it had a relationship to Takahashi-so of Hachijoin-ryo (estates of Hachijo-in), in the same province.
- これを合図に、周辺町村の寺も鐘を連続して打ち始めた。
- At the sound of the gong, surrounding temples started to toll their gongs continuously.
- 連合軍の最初の正念場は大沽砲台・天津攻略戦であった。
- The first crucial event for the allied forces was the capture of Taku Fort and Tianjin.
- 海底電信線保護万国連合条約に加入したことを示す布告。
- Joining the Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables was proclaimed.
- 国際連盟の常任理事国にもなり、国際的地位も高まった。
- Its international status rose, obtaining a permanent seat in the League of Nations.
- さらに「脱亜論」関連論説の起稿者の認定も行っている。
- He also tried to identify the authors of the 'Datsu-A Ron' related thesis.
- この島津軍は少数ながら頑強に抵抗し、連合軍を挑発した。
- Shimazu Army stubbornly resisted despite having a few soldiers and taunted the allied army.
- 明・朝鮮連合軍は順天倭城を遠巻きに監視するのみとなる。
- The Ming and Korean forces changed their tactics to just watch Suncheon Waeseong without getting too close.
- 木戸との連携の必要性を感じていた大久保もこれに応じた。
- Having felt the need to join efforts with Kido, Okubo accepted their mediation.
- 当然一連の改革に対する末寺・門徒の一部の反発もあった。
- As a matter of course, there came resistance from part of branch temples and followers against the series of reforms.
- 8月14日、連合軍は北京攻略を開始し、翌日陥落させた。
- The allied forces began to attack Beijing on August 14 and it fell the next day.
- しかし、逃げた閔妃は高宗に連絡を取り清に密使を送った。
- However, the escaped Queen Min contacted Gojong and sent a secret messenger to the Qing.
- 期成同盟会の住民は、群馬県からの連絡でこの事実を知った。
- Residents of the association learned this fact through a communication from Gunma Prefecture.
- 連の姓を名乗っていた有力な氏族には大伴氏や物部氏が居る。
- The influential clans who called themselves Muraji included the Otomo clan and the Mononobe clan.
- 幕府方も連続した戦闘に疲弊したため、追撃を行わなかった。
- The bakufu side, also exhausted with a series of battles, did not chase them.
- 臣(おみ)と連(むらじ)は、基本的な違いが存在していた。
- There existed a fundamental difference between Omi and Muraji.
- 連のカバネ(かばね)、八色の姓の改革の時に朝臣姓を賜る。
- Their Kabane (hereditary title) was formerly Muraji, but the clan was given the kabane of Ason (the second highest of the eight hereditary titles) after the reform of the Kabane system (Yakusa no Kabane).
- 津川青森歩兵第五連隊長中佐はこの報告を聞いて青くなった。
- Major of the fifth Infantry Regiment of Tsugaru Aomori turned white having heard that news.
- 約50年のずれがあって直接の関連はないと見なされている。
- Because there is a gap of about 50 years, it is assumed that there was no direct relation.
- 執権に次ぐ連署を「誅す」のは北条貞時以外にはあり得ない。
- The only person who could kill an assistant to shikken was Sadatoki HOJO.
- 大院君は清に連行され査問会にかけられ、天津に幽閉された。
- Daewongun was seized by the Qing troops, put through a hearing, and confined in Tianjin City.
- 7月23日 旅順西海岸の制海のため連合艦隊が佐世保を出港。
- July 23: Combined fleets set sail from Sasebo to win command of the west coast of Lushun.
- 公家歌人が撰ばれず、武将歌人や連歌師が多いのが特徴である。
- The collection is characterized by the fact that many of the poets included are not court noble poets, but warrior-poets and renga-shi (linked verse poets).
- 天武天皇12年(683年)に連に、14年に忌寸に昇格した。
- Promoted to muraji in 683, and to imiki in 685.
- In 683, he was promoted to the rank of Muraji and was promoted to the rank of Imiki in 685.
- 農民らは川俣にある真如寺に連行され、ここで手当てを受けた。
- Injured demonstrators were taken to Shinnyo-ji Temple and received medical treatment.
- この常世国は明らかに海との関連で語られる海上他界であった。
- Apparently associated with the sea, 'Tokoyo no kuni' was said to be the next world somewhere on the sea.
- 将軍足利義稙を擁する高国と義興の連立政権はしばらく続いた。
- The coalition administration of Takakuni and Yoshioki, which had Yoshitane ASHIKAGA as shogun, lasted for a while.
- 海底電信線保護万国連合条約(明治18年太政官布告第17号)
- Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables (Dajokan Fukoku No. 17 of 1885)
- - ソビエト連邦が日ソ中立条約を一方的に破棄して対日参戦。
- The Soviet Union one-sidedly broke the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact and participated in the war against Japan.
- 老中が連名で発給する連署奉書と、単独で発給する奉書がある。
- There were two types of Roju Hosho: the Rensho Hosho issued in the joint names of several roju and the Hosho issued by a single roju.
- 時輔は反鎌倉派と連帯して六波羅を主導していたとも言われる。
- Tokisuke is said to have led Rokuhara with a coalition of the anti-Kamakura group.
- 25日、歩兵第14連隊は山鹿街道と高瀬道に分かれて進撃した。
- On February 25, the 14th regiment was divided into two groups; one was to push through the Yamaga Highway and the other through the Takase Road.
- こうした泰時の一連の施策は、執権政治の確立と捉えられている。
- This series of measures by Yasutoki is regarded as the establishment of Shikken politics.
- そして播磨国・備前国守護赤松義村などと連携して京に侵攻する。
- Sumimoto then invaded the capital in a collaborative effort with Yoshimura AKAMATSU, the shugo of Harima and Bizen Provinces.
- なお、この商品化を要望したのもハクション議連だとの話もある。
- In addition, some people say that it was also the Hakushon Giren that requested the commercialization of such products.
- 侵攻に対応が遅れた朝鮮軍は連戦連敗や無血撤退・逃散を重ねた。
- The Korean army, which was late to cope with invasion, repeated a succession of defeats and bloodless retreats fleeing in every direction.
- そのため明・朝鮮連合軍は強襲策を放棄し、包囲戦に切り替える。
- Accordingly, the allied forces of Ming and Korea gave up the attack and switched to a battle of encirclement.
- 朝業は婿として養子になったとも伝わる(「喜連川塩谷系譜」)。
- Tomonari is said to have been adopted as a husband ('Family Tree of the Kitsuregawa SHIONOYA Family').
- 当時はドルの持ち出し制限があったため、その関連事項でもある。
- The order was related with the dollar restriction, which was valid when the order was issued.
- 主に院領関連などで公的機関に対して指示を下す際に用いられた。
- It was used mainly for giving instructions to official agencies in connection with the estates of retired emperors.
- 同日朝、乗組員全員が浜田連隊へ引き渡され、浜田へ護送された。
- In the morning of the same day all the crew was handed over to Hamada regiment to be sent to Hamada town.
- 唐・新羅連合軍と対峙した白村江の戦い(663年)で大敗した。
- Japan confronted the Tang and Silla allied forces and suffered a huge defeat in the Battle of Hakusukinoe in 663.
- そして唐・新羅連合軍のいる白村江河口に対し突撃し海戦を行った。
- Subsequently, they charged the mouth of the river of Hakusonko where the Silla-Tang allied forces were situated and conducted sea warfare.
- これら一連の過程で著された文書を集成したものが長寛勘文である。
- Chokan-kanmon was a compilation of documents which were written in the above process.
- その間、宇佐山城は坂本で森らを破った連合軍の猛攻を受けていた。
- Meanwhile, Usayama-jo Castle had been fiercely attacked by the allied forces that had previously defeated Yoshinari MORI's army in Sakamoto.
- 遭難したのは、青森市を衛戍地とする歩兵第5連隊第2大隊である。
- The troops that got lost were members of the second Battalion, fifth Infantry Regiment whose garrison was in Aomori City.
- それが、ここにおいて初めて民党と吏党の大連合が成立したのである
- Therefore, this was the first broad-based coalition of Minto and Rito parties.
- ここに至って伊藤内閣と議会内で孤立した自由党が連携を宣言した。
- The Ito cabinet and the Liberal Party isolated in the Diet, announced their cooperation at this stage.
- 後に升と関連づけられてその10分の1の量とされるようになった。
- Later it was related with sho and was determined as 1 10th amount of sho.
- カバネ(かばね)は、連(むらじ)、八色の姓の時宿禰の姓になる。
- Its kabane (hereditary title) was 'Muraji,' but upon the institution of Yakusa no Kabane, the clan was renamed 'Sukune' (third highest hereditary title).
- 6月6日、乃木希典大将率いる第3軍 (日本軍)が大連に上陸した。
- On July 6th, the IJA Third Army led by General Maresuke NOGI landed in Dalian.
- しかし後に尺と関連づけられ、その整数倍または整数分の一となった。
- However, they were connected with the shaku later, defined as unit equivalent to integral multiples of shaku or integral divisions of shaku.
- 685年(天武14)6月、大和連など11氏に、忌寸の姓を授ける。
- June, 685: The title of 'Imiki' was given to 11 clans such as Yamato no muraji.
- また大阪事件もこうした一連の事件の延長線上に位置づけられている。
- The Osaka Incident is also considered to be one of these riots.
- 正式名称は、気候変動に関する国際連合枠組条約の京都議定書(英)。
- The formal name is Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
- その後、集結して撤退できた連合軍の兵力は一万ほどであったという。
- There were only ten thousand military effectives, who were able to gather and retreat afterwards.
- 戦後の1949年、歩兵第24連隊跡地に平和台野球場が建設される。
- After World War II, Heiwadai Baseball Stadium was constructed at the station site of 24th Infantry Regiment in 1949.
- 同日夕刻、鍋山らは逮捕され、調停しようとした荒畑寒村も連座した。
- In the evening of the same day, Nabeyama and others were arrested and Kanson ARAHATA, who tried to mediate, was also involved in the trouble.
- 「てんか」は漢音、「てんが」はその連濁、「てんげ」は呉音である。
- 'Tenka' is the Han pronunciation of Chinese characters, 'Tenga' is the pronunciation with rendaku (the euphonic change of unvoiced to voiced sound) and 'Tenge' is the Wu pronunciation.
- 神田警察署に連行された逮捕者は、腹を蹴られるなどの拷問を受けた。
- The arrested people were taken to the Kanda police station and tortured (e.g., kicked in the belly).
- 高松藩は御連枝としても別格で溜詰・四品大名家一覧大名家となった。
- Takamatsu Domain was an outstanding gorenshi (a daimyo of Gosanke's branch family) that became a honorable daimyo family with the status of Tamarizume or Shihon (Fourth Rank).
- 日本は日英同盟に基づき連合国の一員として第一次世界大戦に参戦した。
- Japan, based on the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, joined in World War I as a member of the Allies.
- 大伴氏、佐伯氏など主に連(むらじ)姓を持った神別氏族に与えられた。
- Sukune was given to the clans branched from a family of god such as Otomo clan, Saeki clan who mainly had the title of Muraji.
- 連行途中、犯人は隙を見て逃走、在日本朝鮮人連盟の支部に逃げ込んだ。
- On his way to being taken to the police station, the suspect escaped and ran into the branch of the Association of Korean Residents in Japan.
- 連合軍は糧食に悩み、また疲労もしていたため、撃ち破られてしまった。
- The Allied Forces suffering from food shortages and exhaustion, therefore, they were consequently annihilated.
- なお『万国公法』の刊行以後多くの国際法関連書物が次々と出版された。
- By the way, after publication of 'Bankoku Koho,' many books related to international law have been published one after another.
- さらに関津遺跡の幅18mの道路跡も関連する遺跡であると考えられる。
- Besides, remains of a road 18 meters wide in the Sekinotsu site are considered to be related.
- 日清戦争に従軍した後、青森の前任地は山形(歩兵第32連隊)だった。
- After serving in Japanese-Sino War, his post was Yamagata (the 32th Infantry Regiment) before Aomori.
- 松永・三好連立政権は将軍をすげ替えてなおも幕政を牛耳ったのである。
- The coalition government of Matsunaga and Miyoshi continued to control the shogunate government even after the shogun was replaced.
- また、長慶自身も次第に連歌などの文芸に溺れて政務を顧みなくなった。
- Also, Nagayoshi himself became carried away with literature such as renga (linked verse) and tossed up government affairs.
- 後に尺と関連づけられて、8尺または6尺の長さとされるようになった。
- It was later related to shaku and considered to be equal to the length of six or eight shaku.
- 劇画・時代劇『子連れ狼』に登場する黒鍬衆もこの黒鍬に由来している。
- Kurokuwashu (construction workers) in 'Lone Wolf and Cub,' a gekiga and also jidaigeki (historical play,) originated from this kurokuwa.
- 同書105頁から、「脱亜論」関連論説の認定結果の一覧表を引用する。
- This is the list of the result of identification of the related thesis of the 'Datsu-A Ron' taken from page 105 of the book.
- 防犯・納税などの連帯義務を負わされた律令制下の末端行政組織である。
- It is the smallest unit of the administrative organization under the ritsuryo system which is collectively responsible for crime prevention and tax payment.
- 親族の大名家からは連日のように穏便に開城をという使者が派遣された。
- The messengers from the related feudal lord families were sent almost every day to convince them to surrender the castle without fighting.
- 倭国・百済連合軍は福信事件の影響により白村江への到着が10日遅れた。
- Due to the Fukushin Incident, the arrival of the allied forces of Wakoku and Kudara at Hakusonko was delayed by 10 days.
- 歩兵第14連隊(乃木少佐)は石貫に進む一方で高瀬方面へ捜索を出した。
- The 14th regiment (Major NOGI) headed toward Ishinuki, while sending a reconnaissance party to the Takase area.
- ロシア旅順艦隊は日本の連合艦隊との正面決戦を避けて旅順港に待機した。
- The Lushun Fleet of Russia sough to avoid a head-on battle against the Japanese Combined Fleet and remained anchored in Port Arthur (Lushun Port).
- この一連の逸話を謡ったものが宮崎県の代表的民謡「ひえつき節」である。
- The song which was created based on the above anecdote is 'Hietsukibushi,' the most famous folk song in Miyazaki Prefecture.
- つまり、実態としては根来寺の看板を借りた地侍の連合による統治だった。
- In other words, it was actually a governance by a coalition of jizamurai under the name of the Negoro-ji Temple.
- これはロシア沿海州やシベリア地方との関連の深い遺物と考えられている。
- These are believed to be the relics deeply connected with Russian maritime provinces and Siberian region.
- 1935年日本が国際連盟を脱退すると、南洋諸島は日本領に編入された。
- When Japan left League of Nations in 1935, the South Sea Islands were incorporated into Japan's territories.
- これによって、織田・徳川連合軍は長篠城の救援という第一目的を果たした。
- Thus, the ODA-TOKUGAWA forces succeeded in saving Nagashino-jo Castle, which was their primary goal.
- 同一内容のものを2冊作成した後、検地役人と村役人がそれぞれに連署する。
- A copy of the kenchi-cho was made, and a kenchi official and a village officer jointly signed both the original and the copy.
- 同年11月8日、六角・京極連合軍は観音寺城を攻め落とすべく攻撃を開始。
- The allied forces of the Rokkaku and the Kyogoku clan attacked Kannonji-jo Castle on November 8 of that year.
- またこの時期、根来・雑賀衆は四国の長宗我部氏とも連絡を取り合っていた。
- In addition, Negoro and Saiga shu communicated with the Chosokabe clan in the Shikoku region around this time.
- 会館は実態としては、京都府連の管理下に置かれる時期が続くことになった。
- The Hall was actually to be kept under the Kyoto Federation control.
- 三好政権と河内畠山氏が、畿内の覇権をめぐって争った一連の戦いの最終章。
- It was the last battle of the series of battles fought between the Miyoshi's government and the Kawachi Hatakeyama clan, both seeking for supremacy in Kinai region.
- 道程についても「連続説」と「放射説」がある(道程に関する論争を参照)。
- Also about the route and journey, there is the 'sequence theory' and the 'radiant theory' (refer to the debate on the route and journey).
- その後、生存者の収容の完了と捜索方法の確立と共に青森連隊独自で行った。
- Later, the Aomori Regiment continued rescue effort on their own after completing the accommodation of the survivors and the establishment of the way of searching.
- 戦乱の終息後、都に戻ったが、秀次事件に連座し、豊臣秀吉の怒りを買った。
- After the end of the wars, the family returned to the capital, but faced the wrath of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, because it was implicated in the Hidetsugu incident.
- 翌13日、別働第2旅団と別働第四旅団は連繋しながら川尻目指して進撃した。
- On April 13, the next day, the detached 2nd brigade and the detached 4th brigade advanced towards Kawajiri in cooperation with each other.
- 『日本書紀』などにおいては、連姓の多くは天皇家以外の神の子孫としている。
- According to the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), many clans who called themselves Muraji could be descendants of the gods other than those of the Imperial Family's.
- 「男女」が「捕らる」のだから、捕囚され強制連行されたことにほかならない。
- 'Men and women were captured' surely means that the enemy brought them home as captives.
- 関東の開発領主の連合は、婚姻関係によって維持されていた形跡が極めて強い。
- The kaihatsu-ryoshu union of the Kanto region had a strong inclination to be maintained by marriage.
- 各地域の勢力が連合してヤマト王権となっていく過程はまだ解明されていない。
- The process of how the regional political powers unified and changed into the Yamato Kingdom is still unknown.
- 以来、越後国の国人として承久の乱では頼連が北条朝時軍に参加するなどした。
- Subsequently, as Kokujin (local samurai) of Echigo Province, Yoritsura participated in the army of Tomotoki HOJO as part of the Jokyu War.
- 1987年9月12日、京都仏教会より分離した京都府仏教連合会が発足した。
- September 12, 1987: The Kyoto-fu Bukkyo Rengokai (Kyoto Prefecture Buddhism Association) was launched as a result of being separated from the Kyoto Buddhist Organization.
- 9月に入ると明・朝鮮連合軍は蔚山、泗川市、順天へ総力を挙げた攻勢に出た。
- In October, the Ming and Korean allied forces began all-out attacks to Ulsan, Sacheon and Suncheon.
- だが翌享禄5年(1532年)5月、畠山・三好連合は、木沢長政を再攻する。
- However, in May, 1532, the allied troops of Hatakeyama and Miyoshi attacked Nagamasa KIZAWA again.
- 時代の進行とともに連合していき、一つの勢力が出来ていった、と考えられる。
- It is believed that smaller groups combined to form one power as period went forward.
- ただし、時代によって異なり、時代が下るに連れ容積が大きくなる傾向にある。
- However, the volume of to differs from time to time, and it tends to become larger as the time comes closer to today.
- この結果、別働第5旅団と熊本鎮台の連絡は夜になっても絶たれたままになった。
- As a result, communications between the detached 5th brigade and Kumamoto Garrison was not recovered even at nightfall.
- 第二軍は大連市占領後、第1師団 (日本軍)を残し、遼陽を目指して北上した。
- After entering the city of Dalian, the Second Army advanced northwards to Liaoyang leaving the First Division (the Japanese Army) behind to secure the city.
- ロシアは関東州(旅順・大連市を含む遼東半島南端部)の租借権を日本へ譲渡する
- Russia shall transfer the lease of the Kwantung Leased Territory (the Liaodong Peninsula southernmost end part including Lushun and Dalian City) to Japan.
- 薩長土は、幕末、志士たちの交流や薩長同盟・薩土同盟で連携関係を結んでいた。
- The Satchodo (Satsuma, Choshu and Tosa Domains) formed a partnership through exchanges held among nationalist patriots from these three domains in the late Edo period, as well as through the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance and the Satsuma-Tosa Alliance.
- 正親町三条家との関連が強い官司と青苧商人のつながりより生じたものであろう。
- It seems to have been born of aoso merchants linked with government officials who had strong connections with the Ogimachisanjo family
- わずか2歳の当主・阿蘇惟光(惟種の子)は降伏したのち母親に連れられて逃走。
- The head of the family, Koremitsu ASO (Koretane's child), who was only two years old at that time, surrendered and ran away with his mother.
- そのため、兵農分離の一連の流れと朝鮮出兵の流れの両方として評価されている。
- It is acknowledged that the Expulsion Edict contributed both to the separation of warriors and farmers and to the Korean invasions.
- しかし府連が文化厚生会館の占拠を続けたため、部落問題研究所が再審査を請求。
- However, since the Kyoto Federation kept occupying the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall, the Institute of Buraku Problem requested a reexamination.
- 1966年1月20日、朝田府連が三木たちの抵抗を押して文化厚生会館を占拠。
- On January 20, 1966, the Asada Furen occupied the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall despite Miki and others' resistance.
- この戦争でイギリスら連合国の側についた日本はオスマン帝国と敵同士となった。
- Japan, having sided with the Allies consisting of Britain and others in this war, became the Ottoman Empire's enemy.
- 同地域には葛城御縣神社・葛城一言主神社など延喜の制の名神大社・大社が連立。
- In the same region, there were several Grand shrines and Myojin-taisha shrines in the Engi System such as Katsuragi Miagata-Jinja Shrine and Katsuragi Hitokotonushi-Jinja Shrine.
- 翌応永24年元日の世谷原の戦いで氏憲軍が江戸・豊島連合軍を破り、押し返す。
- In the following year of 1417, the Battle of Seyahara on the New Year's Day, Ujinori's troops rallied as they defeated the united force of the Edo and Toshima clans.
- 頼信は忠常を連れて帰還の途につくが、同年6月、美濃国野上で忠常は病死した。
- Nobuyori headed back to home with Tadatsune, but in June of the same year, Tadatsune died of illness in Nogami, Mino Province.
- 5月24日深夜に起きた地震の翌朝25日、時頼は鎌倉と外部の連絡を遮断した。
- On the morning of July 16, one day after an earthquake occurred in the small hours in July 15, Tokiyori blocked communications between Kamakura and outside.
- 一連の犯行は鴨方駅西方2.1Kmまでの走行中の車中で行われたとされている。
- It is believed that a chain of the crimes was committed in a car of the running train while it was running the 2.1km stretch from Kamogata station.
- 一連の事件で日本の無力を目にした閔妃一族は開化政策から親清政策へ移転する。
- Seeing Japan's powerlessness during the incident, Queen Min and her clan members changed their policy from open-door to pro-Qing.
- 683年(天武12)9月、倭直(やまとのあたい)など38氏に連の姓を授ける。
- September, 683: The title of 'Muraji' was given to 38 clans such as Yamato no atai.
- 連合軍の兵力はおよそ武田軍の2.5~3倍程度であり、これは通説とほぼ等しい。
- He agrees with the standard theory in terms of the size of the allied forces which was two and a half to three times as large as that of the Takeda force.
- (実態はともかく)連合軍が武田の騎馬隊を注意深く警戒していたのは事実である。
- (Apparently) the allied forces were on high alert against Takeda's cavalry.
- 1945年、太平洋戦争における日本の敗戦に伴い連合軍の指示により業務を停止。
- In 1945, its operation was stopped by order of the allied forces due to Japan's defeat in the Pacific War.
- 連年の激しい戦いによって高麗滅亡直前には倭寇を大きく抑えこむことに成功した。
- The dynasty succeeded in controlling the activities of wako to a large degree by winning fierce battles against them for years before the demise of the dynasty.
- 東曹に属する諸家と西曹に属する諸家はそれぞれ連携して自派の勢力拡大に務めた。
- The clans that belonged to the toso and the clans that belonged to the seiso respectively cooperated within their own cliques and tried to make their cliques more powerful.
- このうち明将董一元率いる20万と号する明・朝鮮連合軍が泗川倭城に攻め寄せた。
- Two hundred thousand soldiers of Ming and Korean Allied forces led by the Ming General TON Yi Yuan carried out a siege on Sacheon Waeseong.
- 長が帰県した10月には神風連の乱、秋月の乱、萩の乱と士族反乱が相次いでいる。
- Cho returned to his prefecture in October of 1876, and in the same month, revolts by families or persons with samurai ancestors such as the Shinpuren no ran (Shinpuren Rebellion), the Akizuki-no-ran War (turmoil of Akizuki), and the Hagi-no-ran War (turmoil of dissatisfied warriors at Hagi) occurred one after another.
- 北京駐在公使の要請を受けて五月末より、列強の連合軍は軍事介入を計画していた。
- The allied forces of the western powers were planning to intervene with military force from the end of May after receiving the request of envoys stationed in Beijing.
- 激戦はいくつかあったが、連合軍は全体的にみて苦戦したというわけではなかった。
- There were several severe battles, but looking at the whole campaign, the allied forces were relatively untroubled.
- 第5連隊では、出発の前日に壮行会が開かれており、深夜まで宴会が行われていた。
- As for the fifth Regiment, a send-off party was held on the day before departure and the banquet continued until midnight.
- 天狗党、連合軍とも10名前後の死者を出したが天狗党が勝利した(和田峠の戦)。
- Both Tenguto and the allied forces had about ten people dead each, but Tenguto won the battle (the battle of Wada-toge).
- 午前10時頃、桐野率いる右翼隊は迂回して石貫にある官軍の背後連絡線を攻撃した。
- Around 10 o'clock in the morning, the right flank led by KIRINO made a detour to destroy the government army's line of communications in Ishinuki.
- 上述の不動産関連での「坪」の他、職業によって特別の「坪」が使われることがある。
- There are some other kinds of 'tsubo' unit in particular fields of profession other than in the previously-mentioned real estate business.
- 先例と実務関連記事の引用を行い、別巻では関連儀式についての記述が行われている。
- Precedents and the records of practical jobs were cited in the book and an explanation concerning related ceremonies were described in supplementary volumes.
- 2004年に、ロシア連邦が批准したことにより、2005年2月16日に発効した。
- In 2004 Russia ratified the protocol and on February 16, 2005, the protocol became effective.
- この事件で宗成は流刑となり、伊予親王の伯父藤原雄友も連座して伊予国に流された。
- Munenari was banished due to this incident and Fujiwara no Otomo, an uncle of Imperial Prince Iyo, was also banished to Iyo Province as an accomplice.
- 一方越訴奉行は実際の審理発生ごとに執権・連署・頭人以外の引付衆より選定された。
- Meanwhile, ossobugyo were chosen from Hikitsukeshu, except for regency, rensho and ossotonin, for each trial.
- 秀次の豊臣家が断絶したため、若江八人衆を含め、多くの武将が連座し浪人となった。
- As the Hidetsugu's family line of the Toyotomi family became extinct, many military commanders, including Wakae Hachinin-shu became ronin (masterless samurai).
- ここでは、関連する正税返却帳(しょうぜいへんきゃくちょう)についても解説する。
- In here, the related shozei henkyakucho (registers recording tax income allocation to the provinces) shall be also described.
- 老中が将軍家子女の縁組に関連して相手先の大名家に縁組候補の若君の生年を照会した
- When a roju (shogun's council of elders) was arranging a marriage for a daughter of the shogun family, he inquired the prospective bridegroom's seinen of the daimyo family from which the young man came from.
- その息子達でさえも容赦なく破門した法主・連枝の権力に信徒は震え上がったという。
- However, the hoshu and renshi excommunicated even their sons without mercy, and the followers were frightened with their power.
- 2月12日午後11時ごろ、雲龍寺の鐘が途切れることなく連続して打ち鳴らされた。
- Around 11:00pm on February, 12 the Unryu-ji Temple's gong was tolled without a pause.
- 連合軍の北京占領はおよそ一年続いたが、それを嫌って西太后は帰ろうとしなかった。
- The occupation of Beijing by the allied forces continued for one year, but Empress Dowager Cixi detested this and did not try to return.
- また近年、渡来系弥生人のDNAとお酒に弱い人の遺伝子の関連性が調査されている。
- Also a relationship between genes from a person who cannot drink much alcohol and DNA of a Yayoi man who was an immigrant to ancient Japan has been researched in recent years.
- 直方は平貞盛流の嫡流ともいえる立場であり、同じ貞盛流の常陸平氏と連携していた。
- Naokata was in the position of a direct descendant of Taira no Sadamori and had cooperated with Hitachi-Heishi (Taira clan) which were also descendants of Taira no Sadamori.
- その後は蘇我氏以外からは大連に任じられる者も出ず、政権は蘇我氏の一極体制となる。
- After this event, the Soga clan members monopolized appointments to Omuraji, and governance became unipolarized under their dominance.
- また、日本は第三次日英同盟に基づき、連合国の一員として第一次世界大戦に参戦した。
- Japan, based on the third Anglo-Japanese Alliance, participated in the World War I as a member of the Allies.
- 入鹿は巨勢徳太、土師娑婆連の軍勢をさしむけ、山背大兄王の住む斑鳩宮を攻めさせた。
- Iruka sent troops led by KOSE no Tokuta and HAJI no Saba no Muraji to attack Ikaruganomiya Palace where Prince Yamashiro no Oe resided.
- 元盛の兄・波多野稙通・柳本賢治らは阿波の細川晴元・三好元長と連携して丹波で挙兵。
- Motomori's brother Tanemichi HATANO and Kataharu YANAGIMOTO raised an army in Tanba in a collaborative effort with Harumoto HOSOKAWA and Motonaga MIYOSHI from Awa.
- また、一連の論文で小坂は、陰陽師達が使っていた六壬神課の三伝の復元も行っている。
- In a string of his monograph, Kosaka also restored Sanden of Rikujinshinka used by Onmyoji.
- 後者は朝廷との連携あるいは朝廷傘下に入ることで東国政権の形成を図る立場であった。
- The latter took the standpoint of forming the Togoku government by cooperation with the Imperial Court or by coming under its jurisdiction.
- また、『尊卑分脈』では土岐氏の庶流明智氏の系譜を木田氏に連ねるものともしている。
- 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' (a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy) states that the family tree of the Akechi clan, a branch family of the Toki clan, was also connected to the Kida clan.
- 弥生時代の開始についてはかつて中国の春秋戦国時代の混乱と関連付ける考えがあった。
- There used to be a theory that related the beginning of the Yayoi period with disturbance of the Spring and Autumn periods and the Warring States period in China.
- 歩兵隊については、2個大隊(各10個小隊)からなる連隊が最大の編成単位であった。
- Regarding the infantry, the regiment consisting of two battalions (each battalion has 10 platoons is the largest unit of the army.
- 一連の交付によって発給された領知判物・朱印状・領知目録の総数は1830通に及ぶ。
- The total number of ryochi-hanmono, shuinjo and ryochi-mokuroku issued reached 1830.
- このような請負人には呉服屋、糸割符仲間、銀座役人などの有力町人が名を連ねている。
- Such contractors included Gofuku-ya kimono shops, itowappu nakama (the thread tally union), officers of gin-za (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of silver during the Edo period) and other influential townspeople.
- 公共放送・・・関東庁逓信局(大連放送局)→満州電信電話株式会社(大連中央放送局)
- Public broadcast ⋯ Kwantung Agency Communication (Dalian station) => Manchuria Electric Telegram and Telephone Corporation (Dalian Central Station)
- 彼らは、連、造(みやつこ)、直(あたい)、公(きみ)などの姓(かばね)を称した。
- They called themselves with the kabane (hereditary title) of muraji, miyatsuko, atai and kimi.
- 大臣・大連は、廃止になり、代わりに太政官が置かれ、左大臣・右大臣に置き換わった。
- Oomi and Omuraji were abolished and replaced with Sadaijin and Udaijin, as Dajokan (Grand Council of State) was set up.
- 帰国後李承晩政権の国務委員を勤めるが、朝鮮戦争の際、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国へ連行。
- After going back to Korea, he served as the commissioner of internal affairs of the Syngman Rhee administration, but was later taken to Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) during the Korean War.
- なお、4日夜から日本公使は警護兵百数十を連れて朝鮮王宮に国王保護の名目で参内した。
- Also Japanese minister with a hundred and several tens of escorting soldiers entered the Korean palace at night on 4th on the pretext of protecting the king.
- 下関戦争 長州藩 vs 大英帝国・ フランス・ オランダ・ アメリカ合衆国 連合軍
- The Shimonoseki War the Choshu Domain vs allied forces of the British Empire, France, Holland, and the USA
- だが、信長はこの地を戦地に選定し、小川・連吾川を堀に見立てて防御陣の構築に努める。
- Nobunaga nevertheless chose Shitaragahara as the battle field, and proceeded to construct a defense camp, using the stream (Rengo-gawa River) as moat.
- これに反発した成徳・天雄・平盧・山南東道(陝西東部)の梁祟義が連合して乱を起こす。
- Chongyi LIANG from Chengde, Tenyu, Pinglu and Shannan East (eastern part of Shaanxi) who was dissatisfied with this treatment formed an alliance and started a rebellion.
- 平家の落人の伝承という「久連子古代踊り」があり、国選択無形民俗文化財となっている。
- 'Kureko Kodai Odori, ' which is believed to be the oral tradition of Heike no Ochudo, has been passed down here and it is now designated as a nationally selected intangible folk-cultural property.
- そして朝田は、三木、塚本を田中支部から除名するも、府連執行委員会はこれを否決する。
- Then Asada expelled Miki and Tsukamoto from the Tanaka Branch but the Kyoto Federation executive committee rejected it.
- 翌日解放同盟中央執行委員会は、朝田府連の大会が正規の京都府連大会であると認定した。
- The next day, the central executive committee of the Liberation League approved Asada Furen's meeting as a formal Kyoto Federation meeting.
- 同年10月、両者は党類を引き連れて源光信邸前で乱闘となり、「大津義親」が殺された。
- In October of the same year, the two brought their followers and started a scuffle in front of the mansion of MINAMOTO no Mitsunobu and 'Otsu Yoshichika' was killed.
- おかげで学生らが団体で連日、鉱毒被害地や足尾銅山の見学をするなど、世論は沸騰した。
- People showed strong interest in this problem and groups of students visited the poisoned area and the Ashio Mine.
- 連合軍は上記のように多くの兵力を投入したが、どの程度の死傷者を出したのであろうか。
- The allied forces dispatched many soldiers as mentioned above, but how many casualties were there?
- これもかつて太閤大判(たいこうおおばん)と呼ばれたが秀吉との関連はなさそうである。
- It appears to have nothing to do with Hideyoshi, though it was also called Taiko (retired imperial regent) Oban.
- これに関しても倉石大尉は「連隊に連絡しようとして行ったまま行方不明」と述べている。
- Captain Kuraishi said, 'He disappeared, going to inform the Regiment,' about that.
- 2回連続で任期満了・総選挙が行われたのは、日本憲政史上においてこの時代だけである。
- Only in this era, general elections at the expiration of terms of office were held twice in a row in the history of Japanese constitutional government.
- 連(むらじ)、造(みやつこ)、直(あたい)、公(きみ)などの姓(カバネ)を称した。
- The clans who received the position of Tomo no Miyatsuko had the hereditary titles such as Muraji, Miyatsuko, Atai, and Kimi.
- 6日未明、渡辺らは村々を強請して約千名の一揆勢を連れ、東本願寺三条別院に集結した。
- Before dawn of 6th, WATANABE and other members visited villages to mobilize villagers for the uprising, and concentrated at the branch temple of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple in Sanjo with the uprising party comprised of about one thousand people.
- (6)奈良の仏教寺院と神社は、ひときわ優れた形で宗教の連続的な力と影響を証明する。
- 6. The particularly elegant forms of Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines in Nara Prefecture prove the continuous force and influence of religion over people's lives.
- また、この社会・祭儀の変化とは次の古墳時代への変化のことと関連付けられる事が多い。
- Also, the social and ceremonial changes here are often associated with a change to the next Kofun period.
- 大和民族の連合政権とされるヤマト王権の成立過程は、現段階でも明らかになっていない。
- The process which established the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty), which is likely to be a coalition government of the Yamato race, has yet to be revealed.
- 『続日本紀』には罪状についての記録はないが、川継の事件に連座したものと考えられる。
- There is no record about Uona's crime in 'Shoku Nihongi,' however, it is thought that he was implicated in Kawatsugu's incident.
- そのため、ヤマト王権は各地域の政治勢力が連合したことによって成立したとされている。
- Therefore, historians and other experts believe that the Yamato sovereignty must have been established because various local political powers were joined together.
- 朝鮮政府から旧軍反乱の連絡を受けた日本公使館は朝鮮政府による公使館警備を要請した。
- When the Korean government informed the Japanese legation of the revolt by the traditional army, it requested that the Korean government send their guards to protect the legation.
- 4月19日、熊本鎮台・別働第5旅団・別働第2旅団は連繋して健軍地区の延岡隊を攻めた。
- On April 19, the Kumamoto Garrison, the detached 5th brigade and the detached 2nd brigade attacked in cooperation the Nobeoka-tai troop in the Kengun area.
- 偽の王城大臣使を派遣していたのは、対馬の宗氏と博多商人の連合体であったとされている。
- It was considered that a coalition of the So clan in Tsushima and merchants in Hakata dispatched the pseudo envoys.
- 第二に中世以来の「無縁」概念(都市をアジールとする考え)との関連性も指摘されている。
- Secondly, it is also pointed out that jishi menkyo had a connection with the concept from the medieval ages that the town was the 'asylum' (the area on which the political power could not exert its sovereignty).
- 都議会内でも超党派の東京都議会花粉症対策推進議員連盟(会長・古賀俊昭)が結成された。
- The nonpartisan Tokyo Assembly Federation for the Promotion of Pollinosis Countermeasures (chairman: Toshiaki KOGA) was also formed within the Tokyo Assembly.
- さらに、語によって表記を区別するという意識は和歌・連歌の世界を除いてさほどなかった。
- In addition, there was little idea that same pronounced words could be differentiated by letter variations, except in the field of waka (a traditional Japanese poem of 31 syllables and renga (linked verse).
- 一連の攻防により、秀次勢の死傷者はわずか半時(約一時間)の間に千余人に達したという。
- It is said that more than 1,000 soldiers of the Hidetsugu troops were killed or injured in only about one hour through a set of offense and defense.
- このような一連の御家騒動が、慶長3年(1598年)に伏見にあった秀吉のもとに届いた。
- In 1598 the series of family disputes became known to Hideyoshi, who was residing in Fushimi.
- 神成大尉は後藤伍長に「田茂木に行って住民を雇い、連隊への連絡を依頼せよ」と命令した。
- Captain Kannari ordered Corporal Goto to, 'Go to Tamogino and ask the local residents to contact the Regiment'.
- 1980年 連邦議会で初めて戦時中の日系人の強制収容に関する調査委員会が設置される。
- In 1980, the U.S. Congress established the first ever commission on Japanese American Internment during the war.
- その為金鵄勲章叙勲者達は名誉と年金の復活を求めて「金鵄連盟」をつくり、運動を始めた。
- Consequently, recipients of the Order of the Golden Kite banded together, forming the 'League of the Golden Kite' to seek reinstatement of the Orders' honors and annual pensions.
- また、11月19日には信州諏訪湖近くの和田峠において高島藩・松本藩連合軍と交戦した。
- On November 19, Tenguto entered into a battle against the allied forces of Takashima Domain and Matsumoto Domain at Wada-toge, which was near the Lake Suwa in Shinshu.
- 株持ち酒屋たちは連帯し、談合し、陰で価格協定をむすんで無株者の業界締め出しを企んだ。
- Kabumochi breweries contrived to keep mukabumono out of the industry, by aligning and consulting with each other and secretly concluding a price agreement.
- 大院君は清に連行され、李鴻章による査問会の後、天津市に幽閉された(1882年8月)。
- In August 1882, Daewongun was taken to Qing, and was confined in Tianjin City after a hearing by Li Hongzhang.
- 10月21日から輸送が開始され、11月に大連に集結、乃木希典の指揮する第三軍に属した。
- When transportation began on October 21, the Seventh Division gathered in Tairen and belonged to the Third Army under the command of Maresuke NOGI.
- 日本軍の猛勢に恐れをなした清国軍は我先にと逃走を図り、日本軍は九連城を無血で制圧する。
- The Qing solders scared of the enormous power of the Japanese troops rushed to escape, and as the result, the Japanese troops brought Jiuliancheng under their control without bloodshed.
- 当時の尺は約18センチメートルであり、丈は尺と関連づけられてその10倍の長さとされた。
- Shaku was about 18 centimeters those days, and jo was to be ten times larger, associated with shaku.
- 関連して武田軍には騎馬の最大の特徴である機動力を生かした作戦がほとんど見受けられない。
- The Takeda cavalry moreover had few tactics drawing on its mobility, albeit one of its greatest traits.
- その騒音は連日京都にまで届き、市民の中には弁当と水筒持参で見物に行く者まで出たという。
- It is said that the noise of the battle reached as far as Kyoto everyday and some citizens went to see the battle with lunch bags and water bottles.
- 彼は弁護士からスタートし、ニューヨーク海事裁判所判事、連邦最高裁レポーターを歴任した。
- He started as a lawyer and experienced a judge in the New York Maritime Court and a reporter of the Supreme Court of the United States.
- これにより、旧1両が新1円となり、さらに1米ドルとも連動する分かりやすい体系となった。
- Therefore, the currency system became more understandable, since 1 ryo became 1 yen, which was also equivalent to 1 U.S. dollar.
- この騒動で亀山社中や海援隊 (浪士結社)の一員でもあった関義臣も連座により逮捕された。
- In this rebellion, Yoshiomi SEKI, who was a member of the Kameyama Shachu and Kaientai (both were names of an association of leaderless warriors organized by Ryoma SAKAMOTO), was arrested for his involvement.
- ところが、筑前国守護代の杉興連によって身柄を確保されてしまい、再び周防に連れ戻された。
- However, he was detained by the Shugodai (deputy military governor) in Chikuzen Province, Okitsura SUGI and brought back again to Suo.
- 連(むらじ)とも重なり合うが、おもにそのもとでヤマト王権の各部司を分掌した豪族である。
- The clans who were given the position of Tomo no miyatsuko overlaps with those of clans who were given the position of Muraji; mainly these clans were powerful families who shared the duties of the divisions of the Yamato sovereignty.
- (原文 罷昔在天皇等所立子代之民処々屯倉及臣連伴造国造村首所有する部曲之民処々田荘。)
- (Original text: All of the Koshiro and Miyake established by the previout emperors and all of the Kakibe and Tadokoro owned by Omi, Muraji, Tomo no miyatsuko, Kuni no miyatsuko and Mura no obito shall be abolished.)
- 著しく戦力が低下したところを柵より打って出た織田・徳川連合軍によって殲滅されたとされる。
- Seeing the cavalry's forces considerably reduced, the Oda-Tokugawa allied forces leapt over the stockade and utterly destroyed the enemy.
- これに対して細川高国、大内義興連合軍は2万-3万兵で如意ケ嶽を取り込むように陣をひいた。
- To cope with them, the allied forces of Takakuni HOSOKAWA and Yoshioki OUCHI of twenty to thirty thousand men camped around Mt. Nyoigatake.
- 1980年10月、部落解放同盟京都府連合会と部落問題研究所がこの提案を容れることを決定。
- In October 1980, the Buraku Liberation League, Kyoto Federation and The Institute of Buraku Problem decided to accept the offer.
- 部分日食は必ずしも希な現象ではないことから、日食と卑弥呼の死の関連性は疑問視されている。
- A partial solar eclipse is not entirely uncommon, so the relationship between a solar eclipse and the death of Himiko is easily questioned today.
- このアームが、引金を引く速度によって連動してゆっくり動き火皿に点火する機構を「緩発式」。
- The mechanism which makes the arm move slowly at the rate of pulling the trigger to ignite the priming in the flashpan is called 'gradual discharge.'
- 大隈は北ドイツ連邦の会社に印刷を依頼し、明治通宝(新紙幣、ゲルマン札)の発行を開始した。
- OKUMA requested a company in the North German Confederation to print bills and started to issue Meiji Tsuho (the new paper notes, Germanic bills).
- 彼は下級の満洲旗人の子として北京に生を享けたが、幼くして八ヶ国連合軍に父を殺されている。
- He was born as the child of a lower rank kijin (a member of the Eight Banners during the Qing dynasty) of Manchuria, but his father was killed by the Eight-Nation Alliance force when he was young.
- 結果、薩摩藩と長州藩による薩長連合の成立によってついに戊辰戦争によって倒幕を成し遂げた。
- The alliance between the Satsuma Domain and the Choshu Domain resulted in the fall of the Shogunate at the Boshin War.
- 六国史に散見する俘囚への賜姓例の中には、吉弥候氏が物部斯波連を賜ったという記録も見える。
- Among the examples of shisei (conferring a surname) to barbarians found in Rikkokushi (the Six National Histories), there is a record that the Kimiko clan was given the Muraji of Mononobe no Shiwa.
- 私鉄でも、特に国鉄線との連絡運輸が行われる場合には旧国名をつけて区別される場合があった。
- In case of private railways, especially in case of connecting line with JNR, they put station names with prefixes so that they distinguished JNR stations of similar names from their stations.
- また、外側の5つの三角形が星の光彩を連想させる事から、星を表す記号としてよく用いられる。
- Further, it is often used as a mark representing a star, because the outer five triangles are associated with the glitter of a star.
- この観音寺騒動は六角氏本家だけではなく、南近江の国人連合の結束と勢力の衰退につながった。
- The Kannonji family feud led to the decline of unity and power of not only the head family of Rokkaku clan but also allied local samurais in Minami Omi area.
- 織田・徳川連合軍3万8000と武田軍1万2000による戦いは昼過ぎまで続いた(約8時間)。
- The battle between the Oda-Tokugawa allied forces with 38,000 soldiers and the Takeda army with 12,000 soldiers continued until early afternoon (for approximately eight hours).
- しかし、士農工商の言葉は部落差別を連想させるとして、現在は放送禁止用語として扱われている。
- The term shi-no-ko-sho is currently a word which is prohibited on radio and television because the term has been associated with buraku-sabetsu (contemporary discrimination against burakumin (people who come from or live in special hamlets)).
- なお、この時期に建仁寺の禅僧雪村友梅が入元しているが、この唐船と関連していた可能性もある。
- At that time, Sesson Yubai, a Zen priest of Kennin-ji Temple entered Yuan, which may have related to this Tosen.
- 箱式石棺墓との関連性も考えられる(箱式石棺墓の蓋石以外を省略すると石蓋土壙墓となるため)。
- Connection between a hakoshiki-sekkanbo (box-shaped stone coffin grave) is also considered (Hakoshiki-sekkanbo becomes a hole-shaped grave with stone lid if all other parts except the lid is omitted.)
- この説は、単なる伽耶地方の首長連合を後世に日本府と称したとするものであり架空説といわれる。
- This theory is called fiction theory, which claims that a mere combination of chiefs in the Gaya Province was named Mimana Nihon-fu by the later generations.
- また、大臣・大連の制度ができ、大臣には平群(へぐり)氏、大連には大伴氏・物部氏が選ばれた。
- In addition, Yamato sovereignty established the governmental and political system of Oomi (大臣) and Omuraji (大連); then, the Heguri clan was selected for the Oomi; and the Otomo and Mononobe clans were selected for the Omuraji.
- この海戦で連合艦隊は旅順艦隊の巡洋艦3隻他を撃沈したが、主力艦を撃沈することはできなかった。
- The Combined Fleet sank three cruisers and others vessels of the Lushun Fleet, but was not able to sink any of its capital ships.
- 以後、翌年までおこなわれた一連の内戦を1868年の干支である戊辰をとって「戊辰戦争」と呼ぶ。
- A series of battles fought in many parts of Japan from this point to the next year is called 'the Boshin War' (the word Boshin comes from the name of the year 1868 designated in the oriental zodiac).
- その次に位置する主に連(むらじ)の姓(かばね)を持つ氏族には宿禰(すくね)の姓を与えていた。
- The clans with the kabane of Muraji which was the next rank under Omi were given the kabane of Sukune.
- 1992年、25億円を投じソビエト連邦解体の激動のロシアで撮影した『おろしや国酔夢譚』公開。
- In 1992, the film entitled 'Oroshia Kokusui Mutan' was shot in Russia amid the turmoil of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, at the cost of 2.5 billion yen.
- これは、朝廷の祭祀を任されていた連姓の物部氏、中臣氏を牽制する為の目的も有ったと推察される。
- This is conjectured to have been carried out by the Soga clan for the purpose of countering the Mononobe and Nakatomi clans that were appointed to perform Saishi (religious rites and services) in the Chotei (Imperial Court).
- つまり、臣は王権に対して相対的な独自性を有するが、連は大王への臣従をその本質としたのである。
- In other words, Omi were relatively independent towards the regime, while Muraji regarded vassalage to the great king their essential.
- 榊(もしくは梛)の枝に春日明神の御神体(依代)である神鏡を付け、注連をかけて神木としている。
- It is made up of a twig of 'sakaki' (Cleyera japonica, an evergreen shrub in Japan) or 'nagi' (Podocarpus nagi, an evergreen tall tree in Japan), 'sime' (sacred rice-straw ropes), and the sacred mirror as 'goshintai' (also called 'yorishiro,' the object of worship housed in a Shinto shrine and believed to contain the spirit of a deity, and here, the deity is 'Kasuga Myojin' [the deity of Kasuga-taisha Shrine]).
- 五覇については五行思想との関連から戦国時代になってから形成されたものであるという見方もある。
- Another version has it that Goha (five strong feudal lords in the Chunqiu period) was formed in the Zhangguo period due to the connection with Gogyo shiso (Five Elements Theory).
- 戦いに勝利した足利義尹が義稙と改名して将軍に復職し、細川高国・大内義興の連合政権が成立した。
- Yoshitada ASHIKAGA, who won the battle, changed his name to Yoshitane and reinstated as Shogun; a coalition government of Takakuni HOSOKAWA and Yoshioki OUCHI was formed.
- 他流に摂津国豊島郡発祥の神武天皇後裔多臣族手島連、桓武平氏、藤原氏秀郷流久賀氏族などがある。
- There is another lineage for the clan as a descendant-of-Emperor-Jinmu Onomi family Teshima no muraji, originating from Toshima County in Settsu Province, Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) and the Koga clan from FUJIWARA no Hidesato house.
- そこで、第2次伊藤内閣の伊藤博文は衆議院の第一党である自由党と提携して連立内閣を成立させた。
- Thus, Hirobumi ITO, in his second administration, formed a coalition government with the Liberal Party (自由党 Jiyuto), the leading party in the House of Representatives.
- 八ヶ国連合軍の一年にわたる北京占領は、掠奪と詐取によって中国の国宝級文物の国外流出を促した。
- The one year long occupation of Beijing by the Eight-Nation Alliance resulted in Chinese national treasures flowing out of country due to looting and fraud.
- そして8月4日には連合軍は北京に向けて進軍を開始したが、各国の足並みが揃わず歩みが遅かった。
- Furthermore, the allied forces started to march toward Beijing on March 4 but moved slowly since the pace of each nation did not match.
- 信貴山に住んでいた僧命連には尼僧の姉があって、これが信濃から弟に会うために大和へやって来た。
- A monk named Meiren living on Mt. Shingi had a sister, who was a nun, and she came to Yamato to meet her brother from Shinano.
- 1921年 連邦議会、The Quota Immigration Act(移民割当法)施行。
- In 1921, the U.S. Congress enacted the Quota Immigration Act.
- 1944年 第100歩兵大隊が日系人志願兵によって組織された第442連隊戦闘団に統合される。
- In 1944, the 100th Infantry Battalion was integrated into the 442nd Regiment, which consisted of Japanese volunteers.
- 室町幕府のこの反乱に対する立場は、義嗣や南朝との連携を危惧して氏憲討伐に乗り出したのである。
- The stance of the Muromachi bakufu towards this rebellion was that they took the step of killing Ujinori because of their fear of his coalition with Yoshitsugu and the Southern Court.
- 氏憲とともに持氏・憲基拘束に向かうが持氏らは家臣に連れられて脱出していた(『鎌倉大草紙』)。
- Mitsutaka together with Ujinori went to capture Mochiuji and Norimoto, however Mochiuji and others had already escaped led by their retainers (according to 'Kamakura Ozoshi').
- 日本と韓国の対等な連邦である韓日合邦(日韓併合とは異なる概念)の実現のために活発に活動した。
- They actively operated in order to realize Kan-Nichi Gappo, an consolidation of Japan and South Korea on an equal basis (a different concept from the Japanese Annexation of Korea).
- 大妻女子大学教授の井田進也は井田メソッドを駆使して「脱亜論」関連論説の起稿者の認定を行った。
- Shinya IDA, a professor at the Otsuma Women's University, tried to identify the author of the 'Datsu-A Ron' and other related thesis, using the Ida Method.
- ノモンハン事件ソ連軍の8月攻勢時のソ連兵達の方が銃剣による伝統的白兵戦を挑んだ事で有名である。
- On the other hand, it is famous that the Soviet soldiers challenged the Japanese soldiers to traditional hand-to-hand fights in the August attack in the Nomonhan incident.
- 上杉輝虎は、関東へ連年出兵して北条氏康との戦いを続け、武田信玄は常に輝虎の背後を脅かしていた。
- Terutora UESUGI sent his troops to Kanto every year to continue fighting with Ujiyasu HOJO, and Shingen TAKEDA always threatened the rear side of Terutora.
- 663年、百済復興に助力するため朝鮮半島へ出兵したが、白村江の戦いで新羅・唐連合軍に大敗した。
- In 663, Prince Naka no Oe dispatched troops to the Korean peninsula to help the Kingdom of Baekje (Kudara) rebuild the country, but the Japanese army was soundly defeated by the Silla -Tang allied forces in the battle of Hakusukinoe, at the mouth of Kum River.
- 縁座(親族の連座)は、実行時にのみ発生し、率いた人数と武力行使の程度によって3段階に分かれた。
- Only in the case of completed disobedience, enza (to be guilty for the relative's crime) was stipulated, and there were three levels of enza according to the number of people led and the extent of exercise of force.
- 連れ戻しに来た軍隊に対して抵抗したときには、叛の上道と同じ扱いで、主犯・従犯ともに斬となった。
- If they resisted the army which came to take them back, they were treated the same as offenders of accomplished disobedience and both the main offender and accomplices were decapitated.
- カバネには臣(おみ)・連(むらじ)・伴造(とものみやつこ)・国造(くにのみやつこ)などがある。
- Kabane includes Omi, Muraji, Tomonomiyatsuko and Kuninomiyatsuko (heads of local governments).
- 日本に関連する王号の初出は、漢の光武帝が奴国の王に賜綬した金印に見える「漢委奴国王印」である。
- The first appearance of the title of king related to Japan is the 'Kanno Wano Nano Kokuo' (the King of Japan, Chinese Colony) seen in the gold seal given by the Emperor Guangwu of Han to the king of Nakoku.
- 以後八ヶ国連合軍が北京を占領する8月14日までのおよそ二ヶ月弱、籠城を余儀なくされるのである。
- They were besieged for about two months before the Eight-Nation Alliance force occupied Beijing on August 14.
- ちなみに徳川氏がまだ三河国の一地方大名であった時代は、酒井家が家老(老中)連綿の家柄であった。
- Incidentally, when Tokugawa was still a local daimyo in Mikawa Province, the Sakai family took the post of Karo (Roju) for generations.
- その中には武田耕雲斎、山国兵部、藤田小四郎など、後に乱を主導することになる面々が連なっていた。
- The followers included Kounsai TAKEDA, Hyobu YAMAGUNI, and Koshiro FUJITA, all of whom later led a disturbance.
- これについては常陸国信太郡との関連を指摘する説があり、香取神宮と物部氏の関連も指摘されている。
- There is a theory regarding this that points to a connection with Shita County, Hitachi Province, and also a connection between Katori-jingu Shrine and the Mononobe clan.
- 地方三新法 (ちほうさんしんぽう)は、明治時代の日本が制定した三つの地方制度関連法のことである。
- Chiho San Shinpo (Three New Local Laws) refers to three laws on the Japanese local administration system that were enacted during the Meiji period.
- 26人が通常の刑場でなく、長崎の西坂の丘の上で処刑されることが決まると、一行はそこへ連行された。
- When it was determined that the 26 martyrs would be executed on the hill of Nishizaka in Nagasaki instead of the execution ground where was usually used, the party was taken to the place.
- 当時の公家の日記には、些細なことで罰せられ所領を没収された多くの者たちの名が書き連ねられている。
- Court nobles' diary in those days, recorded lots of names of people who were punished and confiscated their territories for trivial reasons.
- 東海旅客鉄道・西日本旅客鉄道 東海道新幹線 米原駅から車で約20分、もしくは、東海道本線に連絡。
- 20 minutes' drive from Maibara Station of Central Japan Railway Company, West Japan Railway, Tokaido Shinkansen, or further train ride on the Tokaido Main Line
- さらに長慶は朝廷・寺社との関係を重視し、たびたび連歌などを催しては親密な関係を維持しようとした。
- Also, Nagayoshi tried to maintain their close relationships with the Imperial Court and temples and shrines by holding renga often.
- 1901年 カリフォルニア州とネバダ州各州議会、連邦政府に対し日系人移民を制限する建議書を送る。
- In 1901, the assemblies of the States of California and Nevada sent the federal government a proposal that Japanese immigration be restrained.
- 一連の寺内内閣の言論弾圧に対し新聞社は激しく抗議し、言論報道の自由に関する運動に発展していった。
- Newspaper companies made a vigorous protest against a series of suppression of free speech by the Terauchi Cabinet and it gradually developed into the movement about freedom of press.
- 大名行列(だいみょうぎょうれつ)は、大名が公用のために随員を引き連れて外出する際に取る行列のこと。
- Daimyo-gyoretsu refers to procession that was formed when daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) went out along with attendants for public purpose.
- なお、日本では2002年5月31日に国会で承認され、2004年6月4日国際連合に受諾書を寄託した。
- In Japan, the Diet approved the ratification of the protocol on May 31, 2002, then Japan deposited the document of acceptance with the United Nations on June 4, 2004.
- 22日には摂津の信長にも知らせが届き、近江の情勢を知った信長はこの浅井・朝倉連合軍との対決を優先。
- Nobunaga in Settsu, who had heard the news on the 31st and became aware of the situation in Omi, decided to prioritize the battle against the Asai and Asakura allied forces.
- 1966年1月28日以降、三回にわたり強制執行がおこなわれたが、朝田府連の抵抗によって中止となる。
- On and after Janurary 28, 1966, the compulsory execution was carried out three times, but was stopped due to resistance from the Asada Furen.
- 連合軍の攻撃に対し、義弘は大量の火縄銃を使用したり、地雷を埋めるなどして対抗し、よくこれを防いだ。
- Yoshihiro used a massive amount of firelocks and buried land mines to retaliate against the attacks of allied forces and defended most attacks.
- この決定は義和団及び列強連合軍に対しどう対処するかについて、4度御前会議が開かれた末、決定された。
- The proclamation was decided after holding four conferences in the presence of the empress in order to determine how to handle the Boxers as well as the powerful allied nations.
- しかしながら、越智氏の乱と持氏、義昭との連携については確たる証拠がなく疑問であるという論者もいる。
- But some people advocate that there is no clear evidence of linkage between the Ochi clan war and Mochiuji and Yoshiaki, and therefore it must be left as an open question.
- その順位は、1. 無姓、2. →造、公、史、勝、村主、拘登(ひと)、3. →連 というようになる。
- The order of Kabane (the hereditary title) is 1. no Kabane, 2. Miyatsuko, Kimi, Fuhito, Sukuri, Suguri, Hito, 3. Muraji.
- しかし、三浦氏の一族佐原義連が「三浦では常日頃、ここよりも険しい所を駆け落ちているわ。」と言った。
- However, Yoshitsura SAHARA who was a family member of the Miura clan said 'In the Miura region, we are always running down a hill which is steeper than this.'
- しかし大和民族の連合政権とされるヤマト王権の成立過程は、現段階でも明らかになっておらず、謎も多い。
- However, the process of the establishment of Yamato sovereignty, which is thought to be a coalition government of Yamato tribes, is not clear and there are many mysteries remaining.
- 語彙ほどではないが、拗音や語頭ラ行音・語頭濁音・母音連続の許容等、音韻面で受けた影響も少なくない。
- Though not to the extent it had on vocabulary, it also had considerable effects in terms of phonology, such as contracted sounds or palatised sounds, the sound of the words beginning with r, the voicing of initial consonants, and allowance of hiatus (consecutive) vowels.
- が、考古学の成果は奈良盆地勢力が吉備政権などと連合してヤマト王権へ成長したことを強く示唆している。
- However, the results of archeological studies strongly indicate that the political power in the Nara Basin was joined to the political powers of the Kibi; later, these conjoined powers would form the basis of the Yamato sovereignty.
- 閏4月18日深夜より3夜連続して、鎌倉市中に甲冑をつけた武士が群集し、流言が乱れ飛ぶ事件が起きる。
- An incident occurred in which for three nights in a row from the midnight of June 10, armored samurai assembled in groups in the city of Kamakura, and rumors were circulated.
- 王権のもとには、ウジを持つ物部氏・大伴氏・蘇我氏などがいて、臣・連・国造・郡司などの職掌があった。
- Under the sovereignty, 'Uji' title name holders were Mononobe clan, Otomo clan, and Soga clan; then, there were official duties: Omi (a hereditary title; originally it was one of the two highest such titles, later demoted to the sixth highest of eight), Muraji (a hereditary title; originally it was one of the two highest such titles, later demoted to seventh highest of eight), kuninomiyatsuko (a hereditary title, and regional administrator), and Gunji (a district official).
- 陽明学(ようめいがく)とは、中国の明代に、王陽明がおこした儒教の一派で、孟子の性善説の系譜に連なる。
- Yomei-gaku is the Japanese term for the school of Confucianism established by Wang Yangming in Ming Dynasty China, which continued Mencius' doctrine that human nature is fundamentally good.
- ロシアは旅順と大連市、ドイツは膠州湾租借地、フランスは広州湾、イギリスは九竜半島と威海衛を租借した。
- Russians obtained leased territory of Lushun and Dalian City, France obtained Kwangchowan leased territory, and Britain held the Kawloon Peninsula and Weihaiwei.
- それは大久保が批判対象とする旧幕臣を飛び越して一連の政策立案の中心である大隈をその最大の対象とした。
- The above was mainly targeted at Okuma, who was a key person in a series of policy planning, rather than the former retainers of shogun whom Okubo criticized.
- 弾圧されたのは尊皇攘夷や一橋派の大名・公卿・志士(活動家)らで、連座した者は100人以上にのぼった。
- More than 100 people, including daimyos (Japanese feudal lords), Kugyo (high court nobles), patriots supporting Sonno Joi (slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) and the Hitotsubashi group (group supporting Yoshinobu from the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family), were implicated in Ansei no Taigoku.
- 宣化天皇の死後、欽明天皇になると物部尾輿(もののべのおこし、生没年不詳)が連(おおむらじ)になった。
- After the demise of the Emperor Senka, MONONOBE no Okoshi (year of birth and death unknown) was given the Kabane of Omuraji in the era of the next Emperor Kinmei.
- 実際は定かではないが水の上を渡る際に用いたと思われる、水蜘蛛(みずぐも)などの水に関連する「水器」。
- 'Suiki' such as Mizugumo that was related to water, of which their practicality is uncertain, but are thought to be used when a Ninja got over water.
- これもかつて大坂一分金(おおさかいちぶきん)などと呼ばれてきたが、秀吉との関連は薄いものと見られる。
- It appears to have nothing to do with Hideyoshi, though it had been also called Osaka Ichibukin once.
- 1月28日には倉石大尉らの一隊では、佐藤特務曹長が下士兵卒を連れ川に飛び込んだが、そのまま凍死した。
- On January 28, in the group of Captain Kuraishi, Sergeant Major Sato jumped into a river along with a noncommissioned officer and froze to death.
- また自分の家が連綿としてきた家格以上の役職である家老に抜擢された者を、「一代家老」と呼ぶこともある。
- Also, people who were selected as Karo despite their family status having been lower for generations, were called 'Ichidai-garo' (first-generation Karo).
- 他家に嫁にいった者、出養(他家に養子に出た者)、入道(道士、僧侶などの出家者)、婚約者は連座を免れた。
- Those who had married into other families, become adopted by other families, or entered the priesthood, were immune from complicity, as well as the fiancées.
- 第七師団は、他の師団と異なり、各連隊に約1個小隊の乗馬歩兵を配属し、伝令などに当たらせる編成をとった。
- The Seventh Division, unlike other divisions, arranged in each regiment about one platoon of dragoons to act as messengers.
- なお安城渡の戦闘で第21連隊の木口小平二等卒は死んでも信号ラッパを離さずに吹き続けたという逸話が残る。
- Fro reference, there is a story that a private second class solder of the 21st regiment, Kohei KIGUCHI, never let his signal bugle fall from his lips when killed during battle on the outside of Anseong.
- 攻略に当たっていた日本軍の歩兵第18連隊長佐藤正 (陸軍草創期)大佐は銃弾を受け左足切断の重傷を負う。
- Colonel Tadashi Satoh, the commander of the 18th infantry regiment of the Japanese army (in the pioneer days of the Army) engaged in an assault and was shot in his left leg, suffering serious injury, resulting in an amputation.
- 一連の事件の経過と克明な様子は、伝狩野芳崖作『桜田事変絵巻』(彦根城博物館蔵)に鮮やかに描かれている。
- The incident and the detailed sequence of events are skillfully depicted by Hogai KANO in a painted scroll, 'The Sakurada Incident Emaki' (owned by the Hikone Castle Museum).
- 山背大兄王は舎人数十人をもって必死に防戦して土師娑婆連を戦死させるが、持ちこたえられず生駒山へ逃れた。
- Prince Yamashiro no Oe and dozens of his palace servants fought back madly and killed HAJI no Saba no Muraji, however, they were forced to evacuate to Mt. Ikoma.
- 勝家や信孝らは秀吉のこれらの一連の行動を自らの政権樹立のためであると考え、激しく警戒し、敵意を抱いた。
- Katsuie, Nobutaka, and others became extremely wary of and hostile toward Hideyoshi, since they believed Hideyoshi had performed this series of actions in an attempt to establish his own administration.
- 孤立した証如は山科本願寺に退避していた蓮如の末子・実従が発見して辛うじて石山御坊に連れ出したのである。
- Isolated Shonyo was found by Renyo's youngest son Jitsuju, who had retreated into Yamashina Hongan-ji Temple, and was narrowly carried away to Ishiyama Gobo.
- 7月27日の大本営・政府連絡会議で、場合によれば武力を行使しても東南アジアに進出することが決められた。
- On July 27 the Imperial General Headquarters-Government Liaison Conference decided that Japan was to advance towards Southeast Asia, if necessary, with military force.
- そのため、政権を安定させるには、政府は議会第一党および多数の議席を保有する政党との連携が必要であった。
- Such being the case, in order to have a stable administration, the government needed to cooperate with the majority party and other parties with many seats in the parliament.
- 清朝軍と義和団は、連合軍と比べ圧倒的な兵数を有していたものの、装備という点で全く劣っていたためである。
- While the Qing dynasty army and Boxers had more soldiers than the allied army, they were under-equipped with weapons.
- ここからは築地塀の跡や平城京と共通の760年前後の瓦が出土しており関連した施設の跡であると考えられる。
- Since the traces of tsukijibei (a mud wall with a roof) and tiles around 760, the era of Heijo-kyo were excavated there, they are considered to be the remains of related facility.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には、戦国大名らが自領内の街道に宿場を設け、本城と支城などを連絡する伝馬を設置した。
- During the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), warring lords posted shukuba (post stations) along highways in their domains and tenma that shuttled between their main castles and branch castles.
- 義輝を近江に追放しては連れ戻すという事態が相次ぎ、またその間、長慶は何回か暗殺未遂事件に遭遇している。
- Nagayoshi kept expelling Yoshiteru to Omi and taking him back, meanwhile, Nagayoshi was attempted to be assassinated a few times.
- そして、この「老荘」と関連して、「5世紀に歴史的に形成された道教」(茅山派)という意味でも、使われる。
- Related to 'Ro-So,' this term is also means 'the Dokyo that was formed in the fifth century' (the Maoshan school).
- 雄略朝の大連・物部目の後裔を称する石上麻呂には朝臣の姓が与えられて、西暦708年(和銅元年)に左大臣。
- ISONOKAMI no Maro, who called himself a descendant of MONONOBE no Me (who was Omuraji in the era of the Emperor Yuryaku), was given the kabane of Ason and was promoted to Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) in 708.
- 小藩(1万石)の家老は、家老連綿の家格の出身者の場合で、おおむね300石前後の蔵米取りの者が多かった。
- In small (10,000-koku) domains, most of the Karo officers whose families had occupied the Karo post for generations earned around 300 koku of kuramai (rice crop given as salary).
- しかし、これは輪番で江戸に随行した者を任命しただけであって、特に選抜して連れてきたというわけではない。
- However, they were appointed just because they accompanied Yoshimune to Edo on their turn of duty but not because they were specially selected.
- - 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部(GHQ)の指令(SCAPIN-677)により日本の施政権が停止される。
- By the memorandum of the GHQ (the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers), Japanese administrative rights over Karafuto were removed.
- 屯田兵は家族を連れて入地し、入地前に建てられ用意された「兵屋」なる家と、未開拓の土地とを割り当てられた。
- Tondenhei immigrated with their families and were given a heioku (soldier's house), which had been built and prepared before their immigration, and undeveloped land.
- バルチック艦隊の司令部は司令長官を含めてまるごと日本軍の捕虜となるほど、連合艦隊の一方的な圧勝であった。
- The Combined Fleet overwhelmed the Baltic Fleet to the extent that all the commanding staff including the Baltic Fleet became captive of the IJN Combined Fleet, and so overwhelmingly defeated the Baltic Fleet that the whole of the staff of headquarters of the latter including the Commander-in-Chief were taken captives by the Japanese Navy.
- かつては「小吉」「周吉」と書かれ吉日とされていたが、字面に連られて現在のような解釈がされるようになった。
- Once it was written as '小吉' and '周吉' and regarded as a Kitsujitsu (lucky day), but, according to the meaning of the Chinese characters used for sakimake, it has been interpreted as the present meaning.
- 臣(おみ)は、ヤマト王権で使われていたカバネ(かばね)の一つで、姓の中では連と並んで高位に位置していた。
- Omi was one of kabane used in the Yamato sovereignty and denoted the highest ranked title along with Muraji.
- この握手は、国際的連帯の成果として週刊『平民新聞』はもちろん、各国の社会主義陣営の機関誌等で報道された。
- This handshake was reported in the bulletins of the socialist camp of each country, needless to say in the weekly 'Heimin-shinbun', as a success of international solidarity.
- 大兵力の連合軍は食糧が不足していたが、食料庫を焼かれたことでさらに窮地に陥り、短期決戦を余儀なくされた。
- The allied forces with a great number of soldiers faced food deficiency and got into a difficult situation further by having their food supply burnt down and had to make the battles short.
- 連合軍が攻めあぐねたところへ、義弘は伏兵を出動させて敵の隊列を寸断して混乱させ、義弘本隊も攻勢に転じた。
- When the Allied forces attacked, Yoshihiro had his soldiers carry out an ambush to confuse and scatter the enemy formation before shifting to the main battle formation that attacked the enemy.
- この年の10月20日連合国軍がレイテ島に上陸し、大本営はレイテ島の戦いを予定したが第16師団は壊滅した。
- The Allies invaded Layt Island on October 20 of that year, and the Imperial headquarters were planning the battle on Layt Island while the Sixteenth Division was annihilated.
- 伴造(とものみやつこ)とは、連(むらじ)とも重なり、また連の下でヤマト王権の各部司を分掌した豪族である。
- Tomonomiyatsuko is the Gozoku (local powerful clans) who administered each group of tsukasa (offices) in the Yamato Dynasty under or sometimes together with the clans of muraji (one of ancient Japanese hereditary titles denoting rank and political standing).
- 米価の暴騰は一般市民の生活を苦しめ、新聞が連日米の価格高騰を知らせ煽った事もあり、社会不安を増大させた。
- The sharp rise in rice prices made ordinary citizens' lives hard and grew the social anxiety since the newspapers reported the rise in rice prices daily and fueled it.
- 彼らは幕臣として出世し御庭番の職務を離れた長老までも含めた御庭番家筋の間で相互に親密に連絡を取り合った。
- They maintained close contact with the oniwaban families including the patriarch who had already retired from the oniwban after his promotion to the shogun's retainer.
- 中国遼東半島の旅順、大連租借権等の確保と中国東北部および朝鮮における自国権益の維持・拡大を目的とした戦争。
- Each country sought to secure concessions in Lushun and Dalian in China's Liaodong peninsula and maintain and expand their rights and interests in the other parts of Northeastern China and Korea.
- その後、浅井朝倉連合軍は延暦寺の僧兵衆や一向一揆と手を結び、湖西の志賀郡などで激しい攻防戦が繰り返された。
- Later, the allied forces of Azai and Asakura partnered with warrior monks of Enryaku-ji Temple and uprisings of Ikko sect followers and repeated fierce battles in the region such as Shiga-gun, Kosai.
- また、豊臣秀吉によりバテレン追放令(伴天連追放令)が出され、キリシタン大名に対する政治的な圧力が強まった。
- Along these lines, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI issued the Bateren Tsuihorei (an edict expelling the Jesuit missionaries), putting Christian daimyo under intensified political pressure.
- 一方で遊女と内裏の舞踊・音楽の教習所である「内教坊」の「伎女」になんらかの関連があると考える研究者もいる。
- On the one hand, there are some scholars who think that yujo had something to do with 'gijo' (music-playing women) in 'Naikyobo,' a training center of Imperial dancing and music.
- 陰陽寮は毎年5月1日までに来年の暦を作成するのに必要な物資の量について中務省を経由して関連官司に通知した。
- Onmyoryo informed, by every May first and via Nakatsukasasho, the related officials of quantity of materials necessary for making the calendar of the next year.
- 12月22日、完成直前の蔚山倭城(日本式城郭)を明・朝鮮連合軍5万6,900人が襲撃し、攻城戦を開始した。
- On January 29, 1598, allied forces of Ming and Korea consisting of 56,900 soldiers attacked Ulsan Waeseong (Japanese style castle), just before its completion, and began a siege.
- 大正7年6月29日の国防方針の正文は終戦時の焼却処分で失われ、その内容は関連資料による推測に依存している。
- The official text of the policy for the national defense on June 29, 1918, was incinerated at the end of the war, and the contents of the policy were conjectured with the relevant documents.
- これと関連して、その多くが幕末明治期かいずれかに洋行の経験があって、尊皇攘夷思想に染まった経験がなかった。
- In this connection, many of them had an experience to go abroad at the end of Edo period or in the Meiji period, and were never influenced by the thought of Sonno Joi (reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).
- その孫の土岐頼康は美濃国・尾張国・伊勢国の3ヵ国の守護に任ぜられて評定衆に連なり、土岐氏の最盛期を築いた。
- His grandchild, Yoriyasu TOKI, became the shugo of three provinces: Mino, Owari and Ise, and became one of the hyojoshu (members of the Council of State) to establish the golden age of the Toki clan.
- その中に「早相止連日酒宴、可被催暇景遊事」と貞時が政治への関心を失い酒に明け暮れていた様を知る事が出来る。
- From the description of '早相止連日酒宴,可被催暇景遊事' in it, we can know that Sadatoki lost interest in politics and almost always drank sake while he was awake.
- 氏姓は元来はヤマト王権を構成する臣・連・伴造・国造などの支配階級が称したものである(王とその一族を除く)。
- Clan name and hereditary title were originally held by people of the governing classes and these titles were such as Omi, Muraji, Tomo no Miyatsuko, Kuni no Miyatsuko composing Yamato Sovereignty (the king and his family were excluded).
- 第二次世界大戦、太平洋戦争の敗戦後の1947年(昭和22年)、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により解体された。
- In 1947 after the defeat in World War II and the Pacific War, it was dissolved by the supreme commander of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers.
- そのため信長は痺れを切らし、三千ばかりの兵を連れて天王寺を包囲している一万五千余の本願寺軍に攻めかかった。
- Impatient Nobunaga hit out at the Hongan-ji Temple army of 15,000 soldiers surrounding Tenno-ji Temple with only 3,000 soldiers.
- さらに朝廷政策(禁中並公家諸法度)、海禁政策(いわゆる一連の鎖国令)、譜代大名による幕政の独占などもある。
- besides, they issued 'Kinchu Narabini Kuge Shohatto' (a set of regulations applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles) for controlling the Imperial Court, and established the policy that forbade private people to trade with foreign countries through a series of so-called the Decrees of Seclusion, and they also set the precedent that 'fudai daimyo' (Japanese territorial lords in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) monopolized the politics of the Edo bakufu.
- 660年(斉明天皇6年)、新羅よりの救援要請を受けて唐が軍を起こし、同年に唐・新羅連合軍によって百済が滅亡。
- In 660, the Tang Dynasty mobilized their army as Silla requested their assistance, and in the same year Kudara was destroyed by the allied forces of Tang and Silla.
- 一連の戦いで両軍とも大きな損害を受け作戦継続が困難となったため、その後は終戦まで四平街付近での対峙が続いた。
- Both armies suffered massive casualties in a series of battles, and it became difficult for either army to continue their operations; thereafter the two armies spent the remainder of the war facing off along a front near the city of Siping.
- 620年(推古28年)には、聖徳太子は蘇我馬子と「天皇記・国記、臣連伴造国造百八十部併公民等本記」を記した。
- In 620, together with Umako SOGA, Prince Shotoku compiled 'Tennoki' (The Imperial Record), 'The National Record', and 'The Real Record of Omi (a title of the highest rank), Muraji (a title of the highest rank), Tomo no Miyatsuko (the chief of a professional clan), Kuni no Miyatsuko (a local chief), 180 professional groups and Emperor's People.'
- そのために古くからあった姓、臣・連・伴造(とものみやつこ)・国造(くにのみやっこ)などもそのまま残っていた。
- Therefore, the old titles such as Omi, Muraji, Tomonomiyatsuko, and Kuninomiyatsuko all remained.
- 幕府滅亡時まで御分国だったのは駿河国・相模国・武蔵国・越後国で、相模・武蔵の国司には執権・連署が任命された。
- The Kanto Gobunkoku that remained until the fall of the Kamakura bakufu were Suruga Province, Sagami Province, Musashi Province and Echigo Province, while the officials assigned to Sagami Province and Musashi Province were regents/cosignatories of the Kamakura bakufu.
- その甥で連子の子である蘇我安麻呂は、天武天皇の信任が厚かったために蘇我氏の後を継ぎ、石川朝臣の姓氏を賜った。
- SOGA no Yasumaro, a nephew of Akae and the son of Murajiko was trusted by Emperor Tenmu to the extent that he was entrusted the succession of the Soga clan and was bestowed the family name ISHIKAWA Ason (second highest of eight hereditary titles).
- 元は朝廷との連絡調整が任務だったが、承久の乱以後の六波羅探題は、朝廷の監視・西国御家人の統率が任務となった。
- Was originally in charge of communication and adjustment with Imperial Court, but after the Jokyu War, Rokuhara Tandai came to monitor Imperial Court and control Saigoku gokenin.
- いずれも良基の一族・家司・側近や和歌・連歌を通じて交際のある武士・僧侶で、多くが二条派・京極派に属している。
- All of them were either family, household superintendents or close aides of Yoshimoto, or samurai and monks who were acquainted with Yoshimoto through waka poetry/renga, and many of them belonged to the Nijo or Kyogoku schools.
- そのような中で有職故実の大家であり、連歌の発展に尽力した良基がその両方の振興を図るべく企画したものであった。
- Under such circumstances, Yoshimoto, an expert of yusoku-kojitsu (ancient courtly traditions and etiquette) who strived for the promotion of renga (linked verse), organized this event with the aim of promoting both of the above.
- もう一つは、それに不服の者については頼朝へ連絡し「沙汰」させる、というものである。(詳細は上記内容を参照)。
- The other was to notify Yoritomo and have him execute 'sata' on anyone who objected to the first subject (for details, please refer to the above contents).
- 政体書起草者たちは同じ連邦国家でもより中央集権的なアメリカ型を選択し、その際『万国公法』を参照したのである。
- Authors of the Constitution selected centralized government model of the United States from the two options of federal states, and referred to 'Bankoku Koho' at the time.
- さらに地方の都市にも開業されるようになり、大坂の両替商を中心に互いに連絡を取り合い三貨制度の発達に貢献した。
- Exchangers also started business in provincial cities, keeping close contact mostly with those in Osaka and contributing to the development of the tri-metallic monetary system.
- また、古い日本語では同一語根内に母音が連続しないことから、やまい(ya・ma・i)は不自然とする意見もある。
- Also, some people say that Yamai (ya・ma・i) is not natural because there were no consecutive vowels in ancient Japanese.
- が、後藤房之助本人は当時の連隊長に「よく見ろ」と言われたが、照れくさくなかなか見ることができなかったという。
- Howevr, Fusanosuke KONDO himself could hardly look at it without embarrassment, though he was told to take a close look at it by the Colonel of a regiment at that time.
- 更には毛利元就のように、この正頼と同調して大内家(義長・晴賢連合の新政権)から離反する国人・大名が相次いだ。
- Moreover, along with this Masayori, there were many local lords and territorial lords who defected from the Ouchi family (new government of Yoshinaga-Harukata alliance) like Motonari MORI.
- このため、再び義尹が将軍に復帰し(後に義稙と改名)、今度は高国・義興の連立による傀儡政権が成立したのである。
- Thus, Yoshitada again became the shogun (later changed his name to Yoshitane), and another puppet government controlled by Takakuni and Yoshioki was established.
- また町村ごとに遵守する法令と組ごとの人別および各戸当主・村役人の連判を記した五人組帳という帳簿が作成された。
- Every village and town had their own acts to comply with, a census register for every group, and a book referred to as 'Gonin-gumi cho' sealed by every group leader and the village official.
- 侵襲隊が安巳橋を急襲し、戦っている間に突囲隊は前進し、水前寺・中牟田・健軍・隈庄を経て宇土の衝背軍と連絡した。
- While the Shinshu-tai troop was storming the Yasumi-bashi Bridge, the Totsui-tai troop advanced through Suizenji, Nakamuta, Kengun, Kumanosho to Uto where it made contact with Shohaigun.
- 6月に開戦するが、薩摩との連携後軍備を整え、大村益次郎により西洋兵学の訓練を施された長州の諸隊が幕府軍を圧倒。
- The war started in June, and the troops of Choshu, better-equipped after the cooperation with Satsuma and trained in Western military theories by Masujiro OMURA, overwhelmed the bakufu.
- 従来から有った、臣、連の姓の上の地位になる姓を作ることで、旧来の氏族との差をつけようとしたという見方もできる。
- It can be presumed that the Emperor made a distinction from old clans by establishing new titles which were ranked higher than the existing titles, Omi and Muraji.
- 本項目では、便宜上来歴に虚偽を含む文書を偽書とした上で概説と例示を行い、併せて関連するトピックについても扱う。
- In this article, we treat documents that have falsified origins for the sake of convenience, give an outline and illustrate by example, and also handle related topics at the same time as gisho.
- しかし、台湾民衆党も蒋渭水により左傾化すると右派は台湾の地方自治実現を単一目標に挙げる地方自治連盟を結成した。
- However, when the Taiwan People's Party also became radical initiated by Weishui JIANG, the right wing formed the Taiwanese Federation for Local Autonomy with the establishment of local autonomy in Taiwan as a single goal.
- 壬申の乱で挙兵した天武天皇が菟田評家において、伊勢国から大津京に向けて米を運ぶ馬50頭を連れた行列に出会った。
- Prince Oama, who raised an army for the Jinshin War, encountered a procession of fifty horses carrying rice from Ise Province to Otsukyo at Udahyoka.
- はじめは同族を中心に形成されていたが、異姓がしだいに加わり、南北朝時代には一族一揆という地域連合になってゆく。
- It formed around the same clan at the beginning, but outsiders began to join and became the regional union or the uprising clan during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 波多野・三好連合軍は、2月16日に京都に進軍、治安維持と宣撫工作に取り掛かったが、細川晴元の入京待ちとなった。
- The Hatano and Miyoshi allied forces marched into Kyoto on March 18 and started working on maintaining public order and pacification, and they had to wait for Harumoto HOSOKAWA to enter the capital before they could proceed with these activities.
- 富士山麓にあるこの遺跡では、小谷が多く形成され、舌状台地が連続する地形こそ、哺乳動物の生息に適した場であった。
- The Wakamiya remains were located at the foot of Mt. Fuji where many small valleys were formed and the terrain was covered with continuous tongue-shaped plateaus and was just the right living environment for mammals.
- したがって敗戦後の連合軍の報復を考慮したとき、公使館に立てこもる人々を虐殺することに躊躇を覚えていたのである。
- As a result, they were reluctant to massacre people held within the legation area when considering the retribution of allied forces after losing the war.
- なお事件発覚の際に、文覚が保証人となることで一命を救われていた平六代(平維盛の子)も文覚に連座して処刑された。
- TAIRA no Rokudai (a son of TAIRA no Koremori), who escaped death due to Mongaku's guarantee when the incident was exposed, was killed together with Mongaku.
- しかし、この一連の田沼による改革は、いわゆる三大改革に勝るとも劣らぬ重要な意義をもった改革であったといえよう。
- However, a series of reforms implemented by Okitsugu can be said to have been no less important than so-called Three Big Reforms.
- 染織は袈裟類のほか奈良国立博物館の刺繍釈迦如来説法図、当麻寺の綴織当麻曼荼羅図など、やはり仏教関連のものが多い。
- Among the works featuring dyeing or weaving, in addition to the varieties of kesa (Buddhist stole) designated national treasures, many of the other works are also connected to Buddhism in some way, like the Shishu Shakyanyorai seppo-zu (embroidery illustrating Sakyamuni Preaching) held by the Nara National Museum and the Tsuzureori Taima Mandala-zu (a type of embroidered mandala) of Taima-dera Temple.
- そして、地球を半周する航海を続け、1905年5月27日-5月28日の日本海海戦において日本軍連合艦隊と激突した。
- The Fleet sailed half way round the globe and confronted the IJN Combined Fleet between May 27th and May 28th, 1905 in the Battle of Tsushima.
- 指導的仏師としては、東大寺大仏の責任者:国中連麻呂、興福寺の十大弟子八部衆制作の将軍万福などが記録に残っている。
- Names of leading sculptors of Buddhist statues recorded in history include KUNINAKA no Murajimaro, who was responsible for the construction of the Great Buddha at Todai-ji Temple, and Manpuku SHOGUN, who produced Judaideshi and Hachibushu (Ten Great Disciples and Eight Guardian Devas) at Manpuku-ji Temple.
- 更に長保4年10月9日には2・4に関連して神社及び国分寺・国分尼寺・定額寺の修理に関する太政官符が出されている。
- Furthermore, in connection with clauses 2 and 4, Daijokanpu concerning renovation of shrines as well as of provincial monasteries, provincial nunneries and Jogaku-ji temples (temples recognized as equivalent to a government temple) was issued on October 9, 1002.
- 国一揆(くにいっき)は南北朝時代 (日本)、室町時代の領主による領主権の確保を目的とした連合形態(一揆)を言う。
- Kuni ikki refers to an alliance (uprising) made up of feudal lords with the aim of securing their rule in the period of Northern and Southern courts and Muromachi.
- この前の記述は、247年(正始8年)に邪馬台国からの使いが狗奴国との紛争を報告したことに発する一連の記述である。
- The description before this depicts a conflict with Kunakoku that was reported by an envoy from the Yamatai Kingdom in 247.
- 国税庁と在日朝鮮人商工連合会の間で取り交わされたとされる以下の五項目の合意も五箇条の御誓文と呼ばれることがある。
- The agreement including 5 items made between the National Tax Administration Agency and Federation of Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Korean resident in Japan is also called Charter Oath of Five Articles sometimes.
- 従来の二官六省制でそれぞれの省庁の意見が対立した反省に基づき、各省庁の政策の連絡調整を担う機関として設けられた。
- Based on a reflection on the conflict of opinions between the ministries under the former system of the two councils and the six ministries, it was established as a body coordinating and adjusting ministerial policies.
- 一時期板垣と連携する動きを見せた左大臣・島津久光までもが辞表を提出し、岩倉・大久保らが主導権を握る体制に戻った。
- The Minister of the Left, Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, who had shown an attitude to cooperate with Itagaki at a time, also resigned; consequently the old regime led by Iwakura and Okubo was restored.
- かつて、畿内説は「魏志倭人伝」の方角表記が誤っていると考える研究者(「連続説」、主に京都大学系)に多く見られた。
- The Kinai region theory was found among many researchers who thought the direction written in 'Gishiwajinden' was incorrect ('the contiguous journey theory,' mainly found in connection with Kyoto University).
- これらの一般の民は、朝廷すなわち、天皇、后妃(こうひ)、皇子らの宮、さらに臣、連らの豪族に領有・支配されていた。
- These common people were ruled and controlled by the Imperial Court namely Emperor, Empress, Imperial princes, and powerful families such as Omi and Muraji, and so forth.
- (倭・倭人関連の朝鮮文献)また、韓国南部の旧伽耶(任那)地域の前方後円墳の発掘で倭国産と見られる遺物が出てきた。
- (Korean literature on Wa and Wajin [Japanese people]) Later, artifacts of the Wakoku (Japan) were discovered in the excavation of the zenpo-koenfun (keyhole-shaped mound) in area of old Gaya (Mimana) in southern Korea.
- 2007年1月に、日本政府は、世界遺産登録の前提となる暫定リストに「飛鳥・藤原の宮都とその関連資産群」を登録した。
- In January, 2007, Japanese government put Fujiwara-kyo areas on the tentative lists of nominees for UNESCO World Heritage registration, as 'Asuka-Fujiwara: Archaeological sites of Japan's Ancient Capitals and Related Properties.'
- 連(むらじ)は、ヤマト王権で使われていたカバネ(かばね)の一つで、家臣の中では最高位に位置していた姓の一つである。
- Muraji refers to one of kabane (hereditary title to denote rank and political standing) used in the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) and also denoted one of the highest ranked titles among retainers.
- それゆえに、大日本帝国憲法第73条の規定に則り改正された以上憲法改正は正当であるとし、法的連続性は存在するとする。
- Therefore, the theory justified the Constitution of Japan because it was created by the amendment conducted according to the Article 73 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, and insisted that it had legal continuity.
- 泗川の戦いは島津氏軍が明軍の火薬の暴発事故による混乱に乗じて一斉に突撃し、明・朝鮮連合軍に大打撃を与え潰走させた。
- In the Battle of Suncheon, the troops of the Shimazu clan made a rush by taking a chance in the confusion caused by an accidental burst of gun powder on the Ming side and inflicted large scale damage sending the Ming and Korean forces flying.
- 軍票に対する日本政府の支払い義務は、連合国がサンフランシスコ講和条約で請求権を放棄したため、消滅したとされている。
- It is considered that Japanese government was released from obligation to pay for its military currency since the Allies exempted Japan from the payment when Japan signed the San Francisco Peace Treaty.
- 1月、青森駐屯の第5普通科連隊(陸上自衛隊第9師団 (陸上自衛隊))が近代装備を用い八甲田山の雪中行軍に成功した。
- In January, the fifth Infantry Regiment (Japan Ground Self-Defense Force ninth Division [Japan Ground Self-Defense Force]) of Aomori post succeeded in marching in snow on Hakkoda-san Mountain with modern equipment.
- 更に、新規に定められたものは朝幕関係規定以外は宮中座次など、むしろ朝廷内部で紛糾していた問題に関連する部分が多い。
- Besides, the new stipulations except for those about the relationships between the imperial court and the bakufu are mostly about the issues which had led confusion in the imperial court including precedence of the imperial court.
- 1945年8月のソ連対日宣戦布告によって、樺太庁管内にはソビエト連邦軍が侵攻し、同月末までに樺太全土が占領された。
- After the Soviet Declaration of War on Japan in August 1945, Soviet troops invaded the district of Karafuto-Cho and by the end of the month all of Karafuto was occupied.
- 南の北海道とは宗谷海峡で隔てられ、北は緯度50度線国境でソ連と接し、西の間宮海峡、東のオホーツク海に囲まれていた。
- In the South, Karafuto-Cho was separated from Hokkaido by the Soya Strait, in the North it bordered to Russia at fifty northern latitude, in the West it was surrounded by the Mamiya Strait and in the East by the Sea of Okhotsk.
- - ソビエト連邦占領行政下で行政執行にあたっていたが、解散を命じられ大津敏男長官を代表とする上級官吏が収監される。
- Under Soviet occupation Karafuto-Cho was made to carry out the administration, but was then ordered to dissolve and governor Toshio OTSU as a representative and other high ranked government officials were imprisoned.
- 官位制は、位階と官職を関連付けて任命することにより、官職の世襲を排して適材適所の人材登用を進めることを目的とした。
- The purpose of the Kani official rank system was to avoid the heredity of government positions and to employ the most suitable person for each position by appointing him a position in connection with his Ikai.
- これを受けて旅順艦隊は旅順から出撃、8月10日、東郷平八郎大将率いる連合艦隊との間で黄海海戦 (日露戦争)となった。
- Provoked by the shelling, the Lushun Fleet set sail on August 10th, and engaged the IJN Combined Fleet under the command of Admiral Heihachiro TOGO in the Battle of the Yellow Sea.
- 天武天皇の八色の姓の改革により、連の姓の地位は上から7番目に格下げとなり、その後は朝臣が、有力氏族の姓と成っていく。
- By the Yakusa no Kabane (the eight honorary titles) reform by the Emperor Tenmu, the kabane of Muraji was demoted to the seventh highest, and afterwards Ason (or Asomi) became the kabane title for influential clans.
- 1937年、日本統治期最後の政治団体である地方自治連盟が解散に追い込まれ、「台湾人」による政治運動は終わりを告げた。
- When in 1937, the Taiwanese Federation for Local Autonomy, which was the last political organization during the period of Japanese rule, was forced to shut down, which incident marked the end of political movements by 'Taiwanese.'
- 三浦義明の七男・佐原義連を初代とするが、蘆名姓を名乗るのは、義連の孫に当たる光盛の代になってからである(異説あり)。
- While Yoshitsuna SAHARA, the seventh son of Yoshiaki MIURA, was the founder, the family only began to bear the name Ashina starting from the Yoshiaki's grandson Mitsumori's (there are different opinions.) generation.
- 注2)欧州連合:EU加盟のうち旧15ヵ国(2004.5拡大前)は、EUバブルとして共同で-8%の削減約束を負っている
- Note 2) European Union: among EU membership, old 15 countries (before the expansion in May 2004) owe -8% reduction target collaboratively as EU bubble.
- そのような中で室町幕府が擁する北朝及び有力権門である摂関家や寺社との連携を強化することでこの危機を乗り切ろうとした。
- The Muromachi bakufu made attempts at getting over the crisis by developing stronger partnerships with temples and shrines, influential families such as the Sekken-ke and the Northern Court (Japan), which it had been supporting.
- 一方島津軍は、この戦いに敗れれば日本軍の連携が崩壊し、多くの味方が逃げ場を失うことを強く認識していたものと思われる。
- On the other hand, the Shimazu army strongly recognized that if they lost this battle, the formation of Japanese army would crumble and many of their allies would lose their escape route.
- すると先の「盟約」やそれに関連する旧王朝要人の存在などが明るみに出たので、県庁に仔細報告の上、厳しい取調べを始めた。
- They found out about the covenant as well as the important persons of the former dynasty who were involved in it, and thus they reported the Prefectural Government about it and started conducting severe interrogations.
- 残されている御教書から、追討は幕命によるもので、幕府執権北条時宗、前執権で連署北条政村らが主導した事が分かっている。
- The existing migyosho (documents for informing of decisions made by third or upper ranked authorities) shows hunting down was ordered by the bakufu, and led by the bakufu regent Tokimune HOJO, the rensho Masamura HOJO, who was the previous regent, and others.
- この事件に連座して川継の舅である参議・藤原浜成(藤原京家)は大宰員外帥に左遷され、京家は二代目にして早くも没落した。
- As a result of being implicated in the incident, Sangi (a councilor) FUJIWARA no Hamanari (the Capital House of the Fujiwara clan), his father-in-law, was demoted to the Dazai no ingai no sochi (an outer official of the Dazaifu) and the Capital House collapsed at only the second generation.
- 最初は上洛時に、北条時政が任命され京都の御家人を統率、洛中の警護・裁判を行い、朝廷と幕府の間の連絡の任に当たっていた。
- He took command of gokenin (immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) in Kyoto and engaged in guarding and judging activities in Kyoto as well as performing a liaison function between the Imperial Court and the bakufu.
- 総長と法科の対立は激化し、翌1914年1月になって法科教授・助教授は抗議の連帯辞職を敢行し、学生たちも教官を支持した。
- When confrontation intensified between the president and the law school, professors/assistant professors of the law school jointly resigned from their posts in January 1914, and students also supported them.
- 豊臣秀吉による伴天連追放令の流れを受け、耶蘇教と呼ばれたキリスト教は江戸時代のほとんどを通じて徹底した取締りを受けた。
- Since the edict expelling the European missionaries (bateren) by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Christianity called Yasokyo had been regulated severely all through the Edo period.
- この時豊橋の歩兵第38連隊が新設の第29師団 (日本軍)に編入されることになり、第16師団は三単位制師団に改編された。
- At this time, the Thirty-eighth Infantry Regiment of Toyohashi was incorporated into the new Twenty-Ninth Division (Imperial Japanese Army), and the Sixteenth Division was reorganized into santani-sei Shidan (Shidan comprised of three infantries).
- 本書の題名にある「宝山」とは、大阪府・奈良県境に南北に連なる、葛城連山(二上山、岩橋山、大和葛城山、金剛山等)である。
- 'Hozan' in the title of the book is the Katsuragi mountain ranges (Mt. Nijo, Mt. Iwahashi, Mt. Yamato Katsuragi, Mt. Kongo, etc.) running north and south around the border between Osaka and Nara prefectures.
- 信玄には織田・徳川連合を駆逐して上洛意図のあったことが指摘されており、元亀3年(1572年)には西上作戦が開始される。
- It is known that Shingen intended to come up to Kyoto by driving out the Oda and Tokugawa allied forces; in 1572, Shingen started the strategy to conquer westward.
- 占領直後から連合軍による略奪が開始され、紫禁城の秘宝などはこれがきっかけで中国外に多く流出するようになったと言われる。
- Looting by allied forces began just after the occupation, and many of the treasures of the Forbidden City supposedly flowed out of China due to this.
- 後に谷干城の懇話会や民党の立憲改進党などと連携して対外硬路線を採り、政府の超然主義・藩閥政治・条約改正路線を批判した。
- Later it supported a hard-line foreign policy collaborating with the Konwa-kai of Tateki TANI and the Constitutional Progressive Party of minto, and criticized government for its policy of transcendentalism, han-dominated politics and treaty revision.
- 旅程記事について、通常の連続読みでは九州内に収まりきらないので、放射線式の読み方に従うにしても、次のような難点がある。
- Where accounts of the route and journey towards Yamatai are concerned, there are the following drawbacks, even if you take the radial journey reading rather than the usual contiguous journey reading (the journey can't be finished within Kyushu if you take the contiguous journey reading).
- 1年半近くにわたった戦いは隼人側の敗北で終結し、721年(養老5年)7月7日、副将軍らは隼人の捕虜を連れて都に戻った。
- The war that lasted for one and a half years ended with the defeat of the Hayato and the vice generals brought the captives of Hayato back to the capital on August 8, 721.
- 士族反乱(しぞくはんらん)は、日本の明治初期に旧武士階級であった士族が明治政府に対して起こした一連の反政府活動である。
- Shizoku no hanran was a series of the antigovernment movement against Meiji government, which was raised by people from former samurai hierarchy at the beginning of Meiji period.
- 1874年には江藤が故郷の佐賀県で擁立されて反乱(佐賀の乱)し、1876年(明治9)には熊本県で神風連の乱が起こった。
- In 1874, Eto raised a rebellion in Saga Prefecture, his hometown, being backed up by fuhei shizoku (Saga War) and Shimpuren-no-ran War (turmoil of Shimpuren, dissatisfied warrior group) followed in Kumamoto Prefecture in 1876.
- 第二次世界大戦後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指令により労働法規が整備されたことや、義務教育の年限が9年に延長された。
- After the Second World War, labor laws were drafted and the period of compulsory education was extended to nine years under the order from the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers.
- 文久の改革(ぶんきゅうのかいかく)は、文久2年(1862年)に江戸幕府で行われた一連の人事・職制・諸制度の改革を指す。
- The Bunkyu Reform was a series of policy changes covering personnel affairs, office organization and various rules and regulations carried out by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in 1862.
- 連合艦隊は2月から5月にかけて、旅順港の出入り口に古い船舶を沈めて封鎖しようとしたが、失敗に終わった(旅順港閉塞作戦)。
- Between February and March, the IJN Combined Fleet attempted to blockade Port Arthur by sinking older vessels at the entrance of the port, but this plan ended in failure (Port Arthur Blockade Operation).
- 設楽原は原と言っても川に沿って丘陵地が幾つも連なる場所であって、相手陣の深遠まで見渡せるほど視界の良い場所ではなかった。
- Although the 'hara' of Shitaragahara means a plain, Shitaragahara was a hilly place along the river and did not provide a visibility enough to overlook the entire enemy camp.
- なお、2001年のマラケシュ合意では、排出上の権利を与えるものではないとしており、欧州連合も排出の権利とは認めていない。
- And in Marrakesh agreements of 2001 the right of emissions is supposed not to be given and European Union also does not admit the right of emissions.
- 弓削の戦いで六角高頼に敗れた、六角政暁と京極持清の連合軍は雪辱を果たすべく、第一次観音寺城の戦いに続き戦闘準備を整えた。
- The allied forces of Masaaki ROKKAKU and Mochikiyo KYOGOKU, who were defeated by Takayori ROKKAKU in the Battle of Yuge, prepared for action after the first battle of Kannonji-jo Castle so as to avenge their defeat at that battle.
- 乳飲み子を連れた平家方の女性が源氏方の武者に赤子の声を聞かれ、見つかりそうになり親子ともども命を絶ったという伝説がある。
- It has been passed down that a woman of the Taira family side with a baby in arms committed suicide together with her baby when she was almost found by the samurai of the Minamoto clan because of the baby's cry.
- 江戸時代には幕府と密接に連携し一定量の発注を受けて生産し、工人等は交代で江戸に詰め、江戸城での銃器メンテナンスも行った。
- A close alliance with the shogunate during the Edo period led to orders being placed and workers being alternately seconded to Edo where they carried out firearm maintenance at Edo-jo Castle.
- 京都府連執行部内で多数派を形成していた三木一平副委員長、塚本景之書記長ら共産党グループは、朝田の批判を快く思わなかった。
- The Japanese Communist Party faction, including Ippei MIKI, a vice-chairman, and Kageyuki TSUKAMOTO, a general secretary, who accounted for the majority of the Kyoto Federation executives, were offended at Asada's criticisms.
- 蒲生騒動における一連の騒動は、秀吉の意を受けた三成によって操られていた、もしくは三成本人が首謀者であったという説がある。
- There was a view that the disturbances of Gamo-sodo were manipulated by Mitsunari, who had received the command of Hideyoshi, or Mitsunari, as the head conspirator.
- 中国の洋務運動や戊戌変法、日本の明治維新における一連の改革、朝鮮の甲午改革・光武改革といった諸改革が、その変革に当たる。
- Followings are examples of such reforms, yomu undo and Hundred days' reform in China, series of reforms during the Meiji period in Japan and reforms in Korea such as Gabo reform and Kwang-mu reform.
- 特に、萬朝報、横浜毎日新聞(現在の毎日新聞とは無関係)、読売新聞などは、鉱毒や、田中正造の直訴事件を連日のように伝えた。
- Particularly Yorozu Choho, Yokohama Mainichi Shimbun (It is unrelated to the present Mainichi Shimbun), Yomiuri Shimbun reported daily on the copper-mining problem and also about Shozo TANAKA's direct appeal to the emperor.
- そして更に翌月の7月22日に、宗方討伐の大将北条宗宣が殺された北条政時の後任として連署に就任してやっと事態は沈静化する。
- Then on July 22, the next month, Munenobu HOJO, the general for chasing and killing Munekata, was appointed to assistant to shikken in place of Masatoki HOJO who had been killed, making the situation calm at last.
- その翌日の夕刻、貞時の「仰せ」とする得宗被官、御家人が当時連署であった北条時村の屋敷を襲い殺害、屋敷一帯は炎に包まれた。
- In the evening of the next day, samurai belonging to Tokuso (the main Hojo family) attacked the residence of Tokimura HOJO, an assistant to shikken at that time, saying that it was Tokisada's order, killing Morotoki and burning the area including the residence.
- 図書頭を長として皇統譜や実録などの編纂及び管理、皇室典範などの皇室関連法令の正本や貴重な宮中保管書籍の管理などを行った。
- Led by Zusho no kami (Director of the Bureau of Drawings and Books), it edited and controlled Kotofu (the genealogy of the Imperial Family) or fact records and so on, and administered the authentic texts of Imperial family-related laws such as Imperial House Act and so on, or precious books kept in Imperial Court.
- なお「列士満」(レジマン)と言うのは、フランス語で連隊を意味する 'régiment' をそのまま当て字にしたものである。
- For your information, rejiman ('列士満' (レジマン)) means 'Regiment' in French, and Japanese phonetic-equivalent characters were used.
- 4月20日黎明、第1・第2・第3旅団は連繋して大津街道に進撃したが、野村の諸隊は奮戦してこれを防ぎ、そのまま日没に及んだ。
- At the dawn of April 20, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd brigades advanced to the Otsu Highway in cooperation, but the troops led by Nomura fought back the advancement successfully until the sunset.
- 朱子学との連続性を考慮するならば、宋以後における聖人の世俗化の動きが、明代中葉・末期に至ってひとつの頂点を迎えたといえる。
- When taken as a continuation of Shushigaku, popularization of the sage after the Song period culminated in Yomeigaku towards the middle and end of the Ming period.
- 馬一頭が運ぶ荷物の目方(質量)を表す駄法と関連があるとされる記事が、1300年頃に編纂されたとされる『拾芥抄』の中にある。
- 'Shugaisho' (an ancient encyclopedia), which is said to have been compiled around 1300, has an article that it is related to daho (a system of weight units, seen for the load carried by a horse).
- そして検注の実施年月日と「注進如件」の書止を記し、荘園領主から派遣された検注使と在地の荘官、場合によっては地頭が連署した。
- It was carried out on the same date the kenchu was carried out and the established words 'chushin kudan no gotoshi' (the case is thus reported as above) as well as the signatures of the kenchushi (land surveyor) were dispatched by the manor owner, the local shokan (an officer entrusted with local management by the manor owner), and in some cases, jito (estate steward).
- また、東京の例でいえば、2006年現在の平年値は、前述の2000年から2003年における4年連続の大飛散とほとんど等しい。
- Taking Tokyo as an example, the average year value in 2006 was essentially equal to the previously mentioned four year period from 2000 to 2003.
- さらに、すでに複数の「関連はみられない」との結果が出ているにも関わらず、環境省では今後も大気汚染との関連を調査するという。
- Despite multiple results indicating no relationship, the Ministry of the Environment continues to investigate the relationship between air pollution and such allergies.
- 紀州攻めはその範囲は和泉・紀伊の二カ国にすぎないが、この一連の戦いでは中世と近世とを分けるいくつかの重要な争点が存在した。
- Although the area of the attack against Kishu were only the two provinces of Izumi and Kii, there were some important points of dispute which separated the medieval period and recent times in this series of battles.
- 上記の要因が複合し、島津軍の奇襲作戦や伏兵などが成功して連合軍が混乱し瓦解したため、寡兵の島津軍が勝利しえたと推測できる。
- It could be assumed that the outnumbered Shimazu army was able to face a victory due to a combination of various factors mentioned earlier and the successful surprise and ambush attacks that led the allied force into confusion and fell.
- 厳密には、剥片を剥離している状態の原石(石材)と、一連の剥片剥離の工程が終わって用済みとなり廃棄される残滓とに分けられる。
- Strictly speaking, it is divided into the ore, from which the flakes are peeled off, and the residues, which are not used and are thrown away after a series of flake-exfoliation processes.
- これにより「親鸞の御血の道」と呼ばれた直系が継承する法主に権限を集約し、その藩屏たる連枝・一門の優位が定められたのである。
- These laws concentrated the power to hoshu which was succeeded by the direct lineage called 'Shinran no michi no michi' (literally, the way of Shinran's blood) and established the superiority of renshi and ichimon which acted as guarding walls.
- 『符宣抄 別巻』と題されたこともあったせいか、『類聚符宣抄』との関連、例えば、『類聚符宣抄』の別本とも考えられなくもない。
- Since it was titled as 'Fusensho Separate volume', it can also be considered to be related to 'Ruiju fusensho', for example, a separate book of 'Ruiju fusensho'.
- 硬六派(こうろっぱ)とは、1890年代に対外強硬論を唱えていた対外硬路線を掲げる国家主義・国粋主義的な6党派の連合のこと。
- The Ko Roppa (the hard-line six parties) was a pro-nationalistic federation of six political parties that advocated a strong foreign policy in 1890s.
- 永正8年(1511年)、澄元は細川政賢・赤松義村らを味方につけた大軍を率いて京都に侵攻し、各地で高国・義興連合軍を破った。
- In 1511, Sumimoto, leading a large force which included Masayoshi HOSOKAWA and Yoshimura AKAMATSU invaded Kyoto and defeated the allied forces of Takakuni and Yoshioki in various places.
- これに研究会と原内閣の連携に反対して離脱した無所属団を加えて「幸四派(さいわいよんぱ)・幸無三派/幸無四派」とも呼ばれた。
- It was also called 'Saiwai yonpa (four Saiwai groups), Saiwai musanpa/Saiwai muyonpa' including an independent group which opposed the coalition of Kenkyu-kai group and the Hara Cabinet and left them.
- だが、下関条約と三国干渉に対する反発から民党との連携路線に転じ、1896年の進歩党 (明治)結成に合流するために解散した。
- However, Teikokuzaiseikakushin kai shifted its policy to cooperate with minto due to the opposition to the Treaty of Shimonoseki and the Triple Intervention, and dissolved to join the formation of the Shinpo-to (Progressive Party of the Meiji Period) in 1896.
- こうした一向宗内部の混乱に乗じ織田軍は連戦連勝で瞬く間に越前を制圧し、さらに「百姓の持ちたる国」加賀の南部まで攻め込んだ。
- Seizing on the confusion inside the Ikko sect, the Oda army immediately conquered Echizen without a single defeat and furthermore pushed into the southern Kaga Province, 'a country owned by peasants.'
- ヤマト王権(倭国)は百済と連携して朝鮮半島南部への出兵を頻繁に展開し、このことは高句麗が遺した広開土王碑にも記述されている。
- The Gwanggaeto Stele, erected by the Korean Kingdom of Goguryeo, states that the Yamato Kingdom (Wakoku) began dispatching troops to the southern Korean Peninsula in collaboration with the Kingdom of Baekje.
- そこで「〔略〕(中学生たちの)前の方にいる連中は、しきりに何だ地方税の癖に、引き込めと、怒鳴ってる」といった記述が見られる。
- The novel says that 'some students at the front were yelling, 'you, local-tax eaters, go home'.
- 武家との連携によって北朝の維持を図ろうとしていた良基はその要望に応じて、官職制度の故実・職掌などを解説するために執筆された。
- In response to Yoshimitsu's request, Yoshimoto, who intended to maintain the Northern Court through cooperation with samurai family, wrote this book in order to explain the ancient practices and official duties concerning the court officials system.
- 1966年3月から同年6月にかけて8回の口頭弁論が開かれ、文化厚生会館の管理権をめぐって朝田府連と部落問題研究所が対立する。
- From March, 1966 to June of the same year, eight oral pleadings were held and the Asada Furen and the Institute of Buraku Problem disputed over the custodial right of the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall.
- 迎え撃つ日本軍は沿岸部に築いた城の堅固な守りに助けられ、蔚山城の戦い第二次蔚山城の戦いでは明・朝鮮連合軍を撃退し防衛に成功。
- The intercepting Japanese army was helped by the strong defense with castles constructed in the coastal area and, in the second Battle of Ulsan, succeeded by beating back the Ming and Korean forces.
- 朝田らは早速、左京区内の文化厚生会館内に設置されていた府連書記局の明け渡しを要求したが、三木らはこれを拒否、物別れに終わる。
- Asada and other members immediately asked Miki and others to move out of the Kyoto Federation secretariat located in the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City but they refused and their talk broke down.
- 信長存命中は、この方面軍による機能がうまく作用して、各地で連戦連勝を重ねて、織田政権は短期間で領土を拡大することに成功した。
- While Nobunaga was alive, these regional armies worked well and won battle after battle in various places and contributed to the Oda government successfully extending their territory over a short period of time.
- この一連の記事によって、幸徳秋水らは山縣有朋の恨みを買い、それが幸徳自身に処刑という厳しい処置が課される原因となったという。
- Due to a series of articles on this topic, Aritomo YAMAGATA resented Shusui KOTOKU, and this led to the severe measures of KOTOKU's execution.
- 幸倶楽部派(さいわいくらぶは)とは、明治後期から昭和初期にかけて茶話会を中心とした貴族院_(日本)の中小院内会派の連合組織。
- The faction of Saiwai-club was a union of medium and small parliamentary factions in the House of Peers (Japan) led by the Tea Party group from the late Meiji period to the early Showa period.
- 大化の改新により、氏姓制度による臣・連・伴造・国造を律令国家の官僚に再編し、部民を公民として、一律に国家のもとに帰属させた。
- The Yamato Regime reorganized positions such as Omi, Muraji, Tomo no Miyatsuko, and Kuni no Miyatsuko under the system of clans and hereditary titles into bureaucrats of the nation under the ritsuryo codes and changed Bemin into citizen and made them uniformly belong to the nation by Taika Reforms.
- また藩主よりの中下層の藩士が連座についたが、佐竹一族や古くからの家臣は加増されるなど派閥争いの様相も垣間見えた(佐竹騒動)。
- Although the feudal retainers in the middle lower class close to the lord were implicated, there were special favors given to the Satake family and old vassals by issuing them more stipends (the Satake disturbance).
- 一連の戦闘によって北信濃の武田氏勢力は拡大し、長尾氏の有力な盟友であった高梨氏は本拠地中野(善光寺平北部)を失って弱体化する。
- Through the series of the fights, the territory of the Takeda clan in the northern Shinano area expanded, and the Takanashi clan, which was a powerful sworn ally of the Nagao clan, declined, losing Nakano (in the northern part of Zenkoji-daira) that was its main area.
- これら水利事業の整備は台湾の農業に大きな影響を与え、農民の収入を増加させるとともに、総督府の農業関連歳入の増加を実現している。
- The development of water facilities influenced agriculture in Taiwan, increasing the income for farmers as well as agriculture-related revenue for the Sotoku-fu.
- 前例の無い題材での和歌の会合であったために歌合の形式で開催され、また良基と参加者との連絡役には四辻善成・松殿忠嗣らがあたった。
- As this waka event used unprecedented subject matter, it was organized in the form of utaawase and Yoshinari YOTSUTSUJI and Tadatsugu MATSUDONO served as liaison between Yoshimoto and participants.
- 鈴木孫一・土橋若大夫・粟村三郎大夫ら七名は連署して誓紙を差し出し、信長が大坂表での事態に配慮を加えることを条件に降伏を誓った。
- The seven persons such as Magoichi SUZUKI, Wakatayu DOBASHI (土橋若大夫) and Saburotayu AWAMURA (粟村三郎大夫) submitted a cosignatory written oath to Nobunaga, by which they swore to surrender on the condition that Nobunaga would consider the situation in Osaka.
- 同年、摂津国で勃発した野田城・福島城の戦いで織田軍主力が投入されている中、浅井氏・朝倉連合軍は信長の背後を突くべく進軍を開始。
- While Oda's main force was assigned to the Battle of Noda-jo Castle and Fukushima-jo Castle which erupted in the Settsu Province in the same year, the Asai and Asakura allied forces started to advance towards Oda, aiming to attack his forces from behind.
- いずれにしても連合軍の歩みは緩慢であったため、それだけ北京で救援を待つ人々に苦渋を強いることになり、後々批判されることになる。
- At any rate, the allied forces marched slowly causing further trouble to those in Beijing waiting to be rescued, and they were later criticized for this.
- 銭匁札自体は丹後国・播磨国・伊予国などの地域にそれぞれ独自に(少なくとも地理上の連続性がなく)発行されていたことが確認できる。
- It can be confirmed that senme-satsu itself was issued in Tango, Harima, and Iyo Provinces independently (at least they had no common boundaries geographically).
- こうして発見された遺体は、最終的に5連隊駐屯所に運ばれ、そこで遺族と面会、確認の後、そこで荼毘に付されるか故郷へ帰っていった。
- The bodies recovered in that way ended up being stored in the fifth Regiment post, where they were cremated or sent home after their bereaved family had met and confirmed them.
- 彼らは内地雑居への反対運動を通じて次第に連携を強め、1893年に安部井磐根・佐々友房・神鞭知常らによって大日本協会を結成した。
- They developed a strong partnership as they led the opposition movement against the government's policy of allowing non-Japanese to live anywhere in Japan, and Iwane ABEI, Tomofusa SASSA, Tomotsune KOMUCHI and some other activists formed the Dai Nihon Kyokai (Great Japan Association) in 1893.
- このように乙巳の変後も、倉麻呂の息子達がなお政治の中心的立場にとどまり、相次ぐ政争で衰退しながらもしばらくは連子の系統が続いた。
- Kuramaro's sons remained in the center of politics even after the Isshi Incident, and maintained Murajiko's lineage even as their influence was whittled down through successive political struggles.
- 蘇我氏や大伴氏が蘇我部や大伴部を所有しえたのも、彼らが王権を支える臣・連として、朝廷組織のなかにその位置を占めていたからである。
- The Soga clan and the Otomo clan were able to own the Sogabe (group of people owned by the Soga clan) and Otomobe (group of people owned by the Otomo clan) also because, as the clans with Omi and Muraji (both are one of the hereditary titles) who supported the sovereignty, they held many positions in the Imperial Court.
- そしてもう一方に、加賀一向一揆や紀伊雑賀などの惣国一揆を代表とする大名の支配を排した地域自治体制、いわば「ヨコの連帯」があった。
- Another was the local government framework which eliminated the daimyo's rule such as the Kaga Ikko ikki Revolt and sokoku ikki including Kii Saiga, what was called 'a sideways solidarity.'
- 心理面においては明・朝鮮軍が連合軍であるために指揮統制が難しく、一度不測の事態によって混乱すると収拾が難しかったと思われること。
- Looking from the morale perspective, it was difficult to give out commands since the Ming and Korean army was the allied force and was difficult to rally once the confusion occurred due to any unpredicted events.
- 御代始(みよはじめ)とは、前の君主の死去・隠居に伴う、新君主の就任初期に新治世の統治の一環として行われる一連の施策・政策を指す。
- Miyohajime refers to a series of measures and the policies that are performed as part of the rule of the new reign of the new monarch at the beginning of his assumption after the death or retirement of the previous monarch.
- オホド王の治世には北九州の有力豪族である筑紫君磐井が新羅と連携してヤマト王権との軍事衝突を起こした(磐井の乱)がすぐに鎮圧された。
- During King Ohodo's reign, the Tsukushinokimi-Iwai, a powerful family from northern Kyushu, allied with the Korean kingdom of Silla and started hostilities (the Iwai War) with the Yamato Kingdom, though these were immediately suppressed.
- さらに同じ頃、前年の下関における外国船砲撃の報復として、イギリス・フランス・アメリカ・オランダ4国の極東艦隊が連合して下関を攻撃。
- In addition, Britain, France, the US, and the Netherlands sent a combined Far East squadron to attack Shimonoseki, in retaliation against the Choshu clan's attacks on foreign vessels in the previous year.
- この地域は、1995年にフィリピン・コルディリェーラの棚田群として国際連合教育科学文化機関の世界遺産(文化遺産)に登録されている。
- This region was designated a World Heritage Site (cultural heritage) by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 1995, as a group of rice terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras.
- 落雷は隣の紫宸殿にも走り、右兵衛佐美努忠包が髪を、同じく紀蔭連が腹を、安曇宗仁が膝を焼かれて死亡、更に警備の近衛府も2名死亡した。
- Lightning flashed through the Shishinden (hall for state ceremonies), and Uhyoe no suke (assistant captain of the Right Division of Middle Palace Guards) MINU no Tadakane's hair caught fire and he died, Uhyoe no suke KI no Kagetsura's stomach was burnt and he died, Azumi Munehito's knees were burnt and he died, and two guards of Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards) died.
- 同6月28日 (旧暦)、姉川の戦いで浅井・朝倉連合軍を破った信長はすぐさま横山城の攻略に着手、時の城主三田村氏は降伏し、落城した。
- On June 28 (old calendar) of the same year, soon after Nobunaga defeated the allied forces of Azai and Asakura at the Battle of Anegawa, he launched an attack on Yokoyama-jo Castle and forced the lord of the castle's Mitamura clan to surrender.
- 戦後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は、日本の軍国主義の温床となった寄生地主制を改革するために農地改革を断行し、自作農が多く誕生した。
- After the war, the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) pushed through the farmland reform to reform the parasitic landlord system which had become a hotbed of Japanese militarism, and it turned many farmers into land-owning farmers.
- 江戸時代においては米価と諸色は連動すると考えられていたが、米の増産による価格低迷が享保年間には「米価安の諸色高直」の現象を招いた。
- In the Edo period rice price was considered to link with shoshiki, however, price slump caused by increased production of rice incurred the phenomenon of 'shoshiki-kojiki by low rice price' in Kyoho era.
- この日は弘前連隊へ転出する松木中尉の送別会を催していたが、出席者は「この場で行軍隊が戻ってきたらうれしい話だな」と話し合っていた。
- The farewell party was given on that day for Lieutenant Matsuki, who was moving out to Hirosaki Regiment, and participants were saying 'It would be good if the marching troop returned now.'
- 太平洋戦争の敗戦により、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指示により昭和22年5月3日公示の「昭和22年政令第四号」に依って廃止された。
- Due to Japan's defeat in the Pacific War (World War II), this Order was discontinued by order of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ), as stipulated in the 'Public Directive Number Four of 1947,' a public directive dated May 3, 1947.
- 1998年12月2日京都市で開催された国際連合教育科学文化機関世界遺産委員会で日本で9件目の世界遺産(文化遺産)として登録された。
- It was registered as the ninth world heritage (cultural heritage) of Japan during the meeting of the World Heritage Committee of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) held in Kyoto City on December 2, 1998.
- そこで執権であった北条泰時が中心になり、一門の長老北条時房を連署とし太田康連、斎藤浄円らの評定衆の一部との協議によって制定された。
- Therefore, regent to the shogunate Yasutoki HOJO took charge in establishing the Goseibai-shikimoku by consulting with some of the hyojoshu (a member of Council of State) including Yasutsura OTA and Joen SAITO with assistance of the family patriarch Tokifusa HOJO.
- また、594年(推古2)に仏教興隆の詔が下されたのを受けて諸臣連達が、天皇と自己の祖先一族のために競って私寺(氏寺)を造り始めた。
- In 594, following the issue of an imperial decree promoting Buddhism, many powerful clans competed to build private temples (known as uji-dera) for the Emperor and their ancestors.
- 『南北両町奉行連著書上』が伝える元文三年(1738年)、寛保三年(1743年)の人口は誤記と思われるが、参考までに斜体で記載する。
- The figures of population for 1738 and 1743 in the 'Nanboku ryo machibugyo rencho shojo' (the joint report by the Minami and Kita town magistrates) seem to be erroneous, but they are included herein in italics for reference.
- ただしこの制度は言わば移行期の制度であり、大臣 (日本)や連といった最上級の姓に属する豪族は依然として大徳よりも上位に置かれていた。
- But the system was, as it were, in transition and the highest hereditary titles, such as O-omi and Muraji, were still placed above the rank of daitoku.
- なお、当日、日本軍連合艦隊には、4名のイギリス観戦武官が同船しており、元来イギリスの戦法であるT字戦法に関しての補佐・指導を行った。
- Four British military officers were on board ships in the Combined Fleet of the Japanese Navy, and assisted and instructed on the Crossing the T tactics which was originally a British tactic.
- 日華事変の泥沼化に加え、張鼓峰事件とノモンハン事件が相次いで勃発したことから、海軍はソビエト連邦に対する迎撃策を講じることになった。
- The Imperial Navy began to plan for the offensive against the Soviet Union when the Second Sino-Japanese War was drawn into a quagmire and Changkufeng Incident and Nomonhan Incident occurred one after the other.
- 孫一は事前に信長に連絡して内諾を受けており、織田信張とその配下の和泉衆・根来衆の応援を得て土橋氏の粟村(現和歌山市)の居館を攻めた。
- Before that, Magoichi received an informal consent from Nobunaga and attacked the residence of the Dobashi clan at Awamura (Wakayama City at present), helped by Nobuharu ODA and his followers Izumi shu and Negoro shu.
- これは朝廷に対し恭順の意を表し、新しく成立するであろう新政府において重要な地位に立って、大名連合政権の上に立とうとする考えであった。
- He intended to signale his allegiance to the imperial throne and planed to be on top of the would-be coalition government composed of feudal lords.
- 歴史学では刀狩令や海上賊船禁止令、喧嘩停止令など、私闘を抑制する一連の法令と併せて豊臣平和令(とよとみへいわれい)と呼ぶ場合もある。
- In the discipline of history, Sobuji-rei is sometimes referred to as one of Toyotomi heiwa-rei (Toyotomi's peace edicts), a series of edicts to control personal conflicts such as Katanagari-rei (an edict prohibiting peasants from possessing arms), Kaijo kaizokusen kinshi-rei (an edict outlawing pirates), and kenka teishi-rei (an edict prohibiting fights and violence with weapons).
- この権力の空白と幼君の豊臣秀頼補佐のために後の五大老の連署を受けて同年「御掟」五箇条と「御掟追加」九箇条を公布し政権機能を制定した。
- In the same year, due to the power vacuum and for the assistant of Hideyori TOYOTOMI, a very young lord, 'On Okite' (five rules and regulations) and 'On Okite Tsuika' (nine supplements to the rules and regulations) were issued under the 'rensho' (assistant to regents) of 'Gotairo' and the political function of the government was established.
- 1890年(明治23年)9月16日夜半、エルトゥールル号は折からの台風による強風にあおられ、紀伊大島の樫野崎に連なる岩礁に激突した。
- In the middle of the night on September 16, 1890, the Ertuğrul was pushed by a strong wind in a typhoon and hit the rocks at Kashinozaki, Kii-Oshima Island.
- 8尺、6尺はそれぞれ約2.4m、約1.8mで歩幅にしては少し長いが、これは尺が現在よりも短かった時代に尺と関連づけられたためである。
- Six shaku (about 1.8 m) and eight shaku (about 2.4 m) are actually longer than the length of two steps, however, because bu was related to shaku at a time when a shaku was shorter than it is now.
- しかし弥生時代の開始年代を繰り上げる説に関連してこれを否定するか、あるいは殷から周への政変に関連付ける考えが検討されるようになった。
- However, in connection with a theory to moving up the beginning date of the Yayoi period, whether or not to reject the previous theory, or to relate a new date with political changes of the Yin Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty has been considered.
- 1919年に院内会派の再編で公正会・同成会が成立すると、茶話会・公正会・同成会は幸倶楽部を拠点に連合して研究会及び政友会に対抗した。
- When Kousei-kai group and Dosei-kai group were formed after the reorganization of parliamentary groups within the House of Peers in 1919, the Tea Party group, Kosei-kai group and Dosei-kai group based in Saiwai-club were combined and opposed Kenkyu-kai group and the Seiyu Party.
- 籠城が40日にもなり、糧食・弾薬が欠乏してきた鎮台は余力があるうちに征討軍との連絡を開こうとして、南方の川尻方面に出撃することにした。
- Since the garrison had been besieged as long as 40 days and was running short of the provisions and ammunition, it decided to make a sortie to Kawajiri, a southern area, in order to establish communications with the punitive force before it would have been completely exhausted.
- ただし、それに当てはまらない場合もあり、たとえば関東地方における2000年から2003年における、4年連続の大飛散のようなこともある。
- But there are also situations in which this is not the case such as the continued four year high pollen levels in the Kanto region from 2000 to 2003.
- 1966年1月24日、部落問題研究所が、朝田府連による会館占拠を解くことを求める仮処分命令申請書を京都地方裁判所に提出し、認められる。
- On Janurary 24, 1966, the Institute of Buraku Problem filed an application for a provisional disposition order to the Kyoto District Court to stop Asada Furen's occupation, and the Court approved it.
- ただし仮想敵国はロシア・アメリカ・中国から、アメリカ・中国・ソ連、第三回の改定ではアメリカ・ソ連・イギリス・中国に順序が若干変化した。
- However, the order of the imagined enemies had been changed from Russia, the United States of America, and China to the United States, China, and the Soviet Union, and in the third revision, it was changed to the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and China.
- 台湾征討中止の噂に対する反対の建白書や佐賀の乱の処理を批判する建白書には杉村(寛)・島田・後に斬奸状を起草する陸義猶が名を連ねている。
- Those named in the petitions such as the one against the rumor to suspend the Taiwan conquest and the other criticizing the treatment of Saga War are as follows: Hiromasa SUGIMURA, Shimada, and Yoshinao KUGA, who drafted a zankanjo (a written vindication of an assassin's deed).
- 一方、外様大名の家老連綿の家系の場合は、将軍に謁見の資格を与えられるのは、万石以上や特別な由緒を持つ者に限られた極めて稀な例であった。
- On the other hand, in the case of families who had been Karo to a Tozama-daimyo (the daimyo who became to belong the Tokugawa side after the Battle of Sekigawara) for generations, only those with a 10,000 koku (approx. 180 litres/koku) or more of rice crop or those of special lineage (of whom there were very few) were entitled to have an audience with shogun.
- 太平洋戦争で日本が敗れて撤退すると、代わって進駐したソ連が満洲侵略に乗じて日本の残したインフラを持ち去り、旅順・大連の租借権を主張した。
- When Japan was defeated in the Pacific War and withdrew from Manchuria, the Soviet Union replaced the Japanese presence and stripped the region of the industrial infrastructure constructed by the Japanese, and claimed the concessions of Lushun and Dalian.
- これらは北朝の系譜に連なる唐の編纂であるが故に、晋朝の後継国である南朝よりも、むしろ北朝の諸王朝を正統として扱う傾向があったといわれる。
- Since all of these histories were compiled and edited by the Tang, whose pedigree descended from the Northern Court, the works are said to display a tendency towards treating the various Northern Court dynasties as more legitimate than the Southern Court, who were the actual successors to the Jin dynasty.
- 村国男依らに率いられて直進した大海人皇子側の部隊は7月7日 (旧暦)(8月8日)に息長の横河で戦端を開き、以後連戦連勝して進撃を続けた。
- Prince Oama's army led by MURAKUNI no Oyori moved forward and opened war at Okinaga no Yokokawa on August 8 and after that, marched into enemies with a series of victories.
- 1573年8月、武田家家臣であった奥平貞昌(後の奥平信昌)は武田信玄の死に際し、父・奥平貞能の英断により一族郎党を連れて徳川方へ寝返る。
- After the death of Shingen TAKEDA, in August 1573, Sadamasa OKUDAIRA (later known as Nobumasa OKUDAIRA), who was a vassal of the Takeda family, switched to the TOKUGAWA side with his all family members and retainers, following his father Sadayoshi OKUDAIRA who made the bold decision.
- しかし、時政の子の義時と北条政子はこの動きに反発し、有力御家人と連帯して、時政を引退させるとともに、平賀朝雅を抹殺した(畠山重忠の乱)。
- However, Tokimasa's son Yoshitoki and Masako HOJO opposed to this move, collaborated with the senior vassals, forced Tokimasa to retire and eliminated Tomomasa HIRAGA (Shigetada HATAKEYAMA Rebellion).
- 従来、律令体制と連動してきた尾張国の猿投窯が、11世紀以後、購買層を支配者層から庶民層へとうつし、実用的な無釉の山茶碗の生産を開始した。
- The Sanage kilns of Owari Province had been linking to the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), and after the 11th century, there was a change in buyers, from the ruling class to the common people class, and unglazed Yamajawan (bowl) began to be manufactured.
- しかし、1月3日毛利秀元等が率いる援軍が到着し、翌4日水陸から明・朝鮮連合軍を攻撃敗走させ2万人の損害を与えて勝利した(蔚山城の戦い)。
- On February 8, however, rescue forces headed by Hidemoto MORI and so on arrived and, on the next day, February 9, attacked and routed the allied Ming and Korean forces and caused 20,000 casualties and won the battle (the Battle of Ulsan).
- 倭寇や女真族との紛争以外本格的な戦争経験がない朝鮮正規軍を、戦国時代 (日本)を経て大量の鉄砲を装備した日本軍が圧倒し連戦連勝を重ねた。
- The Korean regular force, which had never experienced a full-scale war except troubles with 'wako' (Japanese pirates) or the Joshin tribe, was overwhelmed and completely defeated by the Japanese military force, which was equipped with a large amount of guns after the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
- 戦闘において圧倒的な強さを示した連合軍であったが、その後の占領地支配には手を焼き、中国の領土支配の困難さに嫌でも気づかざるを得なかった。
- The allied army showed extreme strength during battles, but they found occupation challenging, and were made aware of the difficulty in conquering Chinese territory.
- これに関白が連署して公家法としての要件を得る事によってこの法度の実際の制定権力である江戸幕府への「大政委任」の法的根拠を与えたといえる。
- Having met the requirements for the court noble law under the joint signature of the chief adviser to the emperor, the law became the legal basis for 'delegating the administration of the country' to the Edo bakufu, which had the real authority to enact the law.
- また、下総国匝瑳郡に本拠を持つ物部匝瑳連の祖先伝承に、物部布都久留 の子で物部木蓮子の弟の物部小事が関東地方に進出したというものがある。
- In a tradition handed down from the ancestors of Mononobe no Sosa Muraji based in Sosa County, Shimousa Province, there is also a record that MONONOBE no Ogoto, who was a child of MONONOBE no Futsukuru and a younger brother of MONONOBE no Itabi, entered into the Kanto region.
- しかし、1917年のロシア革命でロシア帝国が滅亡すると、協約はソビエト連邦政府によって破棄され、日本は中国権益の危機を迎えることとなる。
- But Japan came to face a crisis over her interests in China when the Russian Empire fell due to the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the Agreement was cancelled by the soviet Union government.
- しかし、岩切らは石貫東側台地からの瞰射に苦しみ、熊本隊は増援を得た第十四連隊右翼に妨げられて、激戦対峙すること2時間、夜になって退却した。
- The IWAKIRI's troop reversely had a hard time under plunging fire from the plateau on east of Ishinuki, and the Kumamoto-tai troop was intercepted by the right flank of the reinforced 14th regiment; after a two-hour fierce battle and confrontation, the troops retreated in the night.
- 同年9月2日夜半、荒木村重は5,6名の側近を引き連れ、夜陰にまぎれて船で猪名川を下って、息子荒木村次にいる尼崎城(大物城)へ移っていった。
- In the middle of the night on October 2, 1579, Murashige ARAKI took along five to six close aides and moved to Amagasaki-jo Castle (Daimotsu-jo Castle) where his son, Muratsugu ARAKI lived by shooting the Ina-gawa River by a boat under the cover of night.
- また翌年の慶長6年、島津家では一向宗禁止令が出され(義久、義弘、忠恒の連名による正式な通達として)、その後の「かくれ念仏」の原因となった。
- The next year in 1601, the Shimazu family issued a ban on the Ikko sect (a formal notice with the names of Yoshihisa, Yoshihiro and Tadatsune), and ultimately this became the cause of the later 'hidden chanting.'
- しかし、現在のところ頼国と能勢を関連付ける史料は確認されておらず、能勢氏の直接の祖とされる国基は平安時代後期から末期にかけての人物である。
- However, no historical material that associates Yorikuni with Nose has been found by now, so Kunimoto, who is said to be the direct ancestor of the Nose clan, was a figure who lived from the late to the end of the Heian period.
- しかし義継は若年のため、三好政権は義継の後見人である三好長逸・三好政康・岩成友通ら三好三人衆と松永久秀による連立政権が樹立されたのである。
- However, since Yoshitsugu was young, the Miyoshi's government was established by the coalition government by Nagayuki MIYOSHI, Masayasu MIYOSHI, Tomomichi IWANARI (Yoshitsugu's guardians and Miyoshi Sanninshu (Miyoshi Triumvirate)) and Hisahide MATSUNAGA.
- 遺跡の北東約600mには平成12年(2000年)~14年(2002年)にかけて、新名神高速道路建設に関連して発掘された鍛冶屋敷遺跡が有る。
- At about 600 meters northeast of this site, the remains of the residence of smith, which had been dug from 2000 to 2002 in the construction of Shin Meishin Expressway, are located.
- このため、これら一連の動きなどから、1月31日清浦内閣は衆議院の任期満了を待たずに議会を解散して総選挙を行なうことで白黒をつけようとした。
- Due to these series of anti-cabinet movement, on January 31, the KIYOURA cabinet without waiting till the end of its term, dissolved the Diet and attempted to bring about a solution by calling a general election.
- 彼らは資本主義の発展にともなって鉄道経営が大きな利益をもたらすとともに、産業支配と鉄道支配との間に密接な関連性があることをよく認識していた。
- They were well aware that railway management would bring a huge profit along with the development of capitalism and there is close relationship between the control of industries and the control of railways.
- 一部は彰義隊を結成し上野寛永寺に立て籠もったが、5月15日長州藩の大村益次郎率いる諸藩連合軍により、わずか1日で鎮圧される(上野戦争参照)。
- They formed troops known as Shogitai, and entrenched themselves in Ueno Kanei-ji Temple in Edo, but were suppressed within a day, on May 15, by the armed force comprised of several clans and led by Masujiro OMURA (Ueno War).
- 寺社興行法(じしゃこうぎょうほう)とは、神社仏寺の社殿仏閣を修復して、神事仏事を厳格に実施させるために公武権力が実施した一連の法制度のこと。
- Jisha kogyoho was a series of ordinances that imperial court authority and bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) authority enforced to repair the main shrine buildings and the Buddhist temples of the religious institutions and to promote the strict observance of Shinto rituals and Buddhist memorial services.
- こうした一連の改革は一向一揆の活動を抑制し、幕府や各地の大名、他宗派との共存を目的とするものでこれまでの政策の大転換ともいえるものであった。
- These series of reforms curbed activities of the Ikko-Ikki army and can be said to have drastically changed its policy with a view to coexisting with the bakufu, local daimyo (feudal lords) in various places, and other religious schools.
- 連合軍の暴挙によって王侯貴族の邸宅や頤和園などの文化遺産が掠奪・放火・破壊の対象となり、奪った宝物を換金するための泥棒市がたつほどであった。
- Cultural heritages such as the residences of royal aristocrats and the Summer Palace were looted, victimized by arson, destroyed, and a market even opened for the loot in order to exchange it for money.
- 江戸時代も年代が経つにつれて、一代家老が登用される例が微増して行き一代家老に対して、家老連綿の家柄である門閥出身の家老を、永代家老と呼んだ。
- Over the years in the Edo period, the examples of an Ichidai-garo officer being appointed increased little by little, and in contrast to these Ichidai-garo officers, the Karo officers from families that had produced a Karo officer for generations were called Eidai-garo (permanent Karo).
- その制度として当然のように当てはめられていた班田収授制が関連しないとすると、そもそも裏打ちとなる公的制度はなかったと考えられるようになった。
- As described above, now it is considered that the system of periodic reallocations of rice fields (handen shuju sei) was not a backing public system of jori sei (a system of land subdivision in ancient Japan) and therefore it came to be thought that there was no backing public system in jori sei.
- そのため、北部九州から瀬戸内海沿岸にかけて多数の山城や連絡施設を築くとともに、最前線の大宰府には水城という防衛施設を設置して、防備を固めた。
- Because of that, the administration built a large number of yamajiro (castle in a mountain) and facilities for communication from the northern part of Kyushu to the coast of the Seto Inland Sea, and set up a defense facility called mizuki (water fortress) in the front line Dazaifu (local government office in Kyushu region) so that it could reinforce their defenses.
- 大戦後の1919年、パリ講和会議で利害が対立し、とりわけ、国際連盟規約起草における日本の人種的差別撤廃提案が否決されたことは禍根として残った。
- In 1919 after the world war, the interests of both parties clashed in the Paris Peace Conference, creating a problem for the future especially by the rejection of Japan's proposal for abolition of racial discrimination in the drafting of the Covenant of the League of Nations.
- 連子は天智天皇の正式な即位を見ないまま死去し、赤兄ともう一人の弟である蘇我果安は壬申の乱で弘文天皇側について敗れ、それぞれ流罪・自害となった。
- Murajiko died before Emperor Tenchi was officially enthroned, and Akae and his other younger brother SOGA no Hatayasu both of whom took the side of Emperor Kobun during the Jinshin War were respectively deported and prompted to commit suicide upon their defeat.
- その一方で農業生産性の低い土地では、連作が不可能なために人為的に耕作と休耕を繰り返す土地利用も現れたこうした土地を片荒(かたあらし)と呼んだ。
- On the other hand, property with low agricultural productivity could not sustain continuous cropping and property that was deliberately cultivated on alternate years was called Kataarashi.
- 山内政綱は防戦したが、守り切ることができず、火を放ち敗走し、六角高頼方の武将23人が六角・京極連合軍に寝返ったと『碧山目録』に記載されている。
- According to 'Hekizan Mokuroku,' although, Masatsuna YAMANOUCHI fought against the allied forces, he eventually set the castle alight and withdrew, and the 23 military commanders, who once belonged to the side of Takayori ROKKAKU, switched allegiance to the allied forces of the Rokkaku and the Kyogoku clans.
- 福岡城址に駐屯する大日本帝国陸軍歩兵第24連隊に所属した鏡山猛が、弾薬庫の歩哨のかたわら鴻臚館の瓦の破片を採取したことも中山説の傍証となった。
- Nakayama's opinion was supported by Takeshi KAGAMIYAMA belonging to the 24th Infantry Regiment of the Imperial Japanese Army which was stationed at the ruins of Fukuokajo Castle, who gathered fragments of tiles used for Korokan while watching the ammunition depot.
- 結果的にはその後の紆余曲折を経て廃藩置県により連邦国家アメリカ以上の中央集権国家となったが、政体書作成当初はそこまでの展望は開けていなかった。
- As the result, through implementation of Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), the government became a more centralized government than the United States, but it was not foreseeable at the time of creation of the Constitution.
- これについては編纂に参加した脇坂安宅の老中就任との関係や当時のいわゆる文久の改革との関連性が指摘されるが、その経緯については不明のままである。
- It is pointed out that this sudden order might be relevant to the appointment of Yasuori WAKISAKA, who participated in the compilation of the law, as the senior councilor and to the so-called Bunkyu Reform of that time, but the particulars are still unknown.
- 無宿には、江戸時代は連座の制度があったため、その累が及ぶことを恐れた親族から不行跡を理由に勘当された町人、軽罪を犯して追放刑を受けた者もいた。
- Since guilt-by-association system was taken in the Edo period, some mushuku were townspeople who had been disowned by his family because of his misconduct for fear of being involved in, and people who had been transported due to misdemeanor.
- 1945年 第442連隊が18143個の武勲章および9476個の名誉戦傷章を受章し、アメリカ軍史上最も多くの勲章を授与された部隊の栄誉に輝く。
- In 1945, the 442nd Regiment received 18,143 medals and 9,476 Medals of Honor, becoming the squad who received the biggest number of medals in U.S. Army history.
- 水戸藩もこれに応じて市川らを中心とする追討軍を結成し、1864年8月8日(元治元年7月7日 (旧暦))に諸藩連合軍と天狗党との戦闘が始まった。
- In response to these orders, the Mito Domain organized an army to search out and kill Tenguto with Ichikawa and others playing important roles, and on August 8, 1864, a battle between the allied force of domains versus Tenguto began.
- ところが、一連の第2次護憲運動によって清浦内閣が5ヶ月で崩壊すると、今度は護憲三派に接近して普通選挙法通過と引き換えに政務次官の提供を受けた。
- In spite of the movement, when the KIYOURA Cabinet collapsed after five months of administration, Kenkyukai approached three advocates of protection of the Constitution, and received the offer to the post of parliamentary vice-minister in exchange for the passing of the bill establishing universal suffrage.
- このことから、当時の実態はヤマト王権が他の首長より優越はしているが強い支配関係にはなく、ヤマトと他地域の連合政権的な性格だったと考えられている。
- From these records, it is thought that although the Yamato Kingdom was superior to other chiefs, it was not a strongly dominant relationship, but rather more like a coalition government.
- 永禄8年(1565年)に虎昌が義信事件に連座し切腹すると、虎昌の部隊は彼の実弟(甥とも)とされる山県昌景が引継ぎ、同時に赤備えも継承したという。
- It is told that after Toramasa commit suicide by disembowelment (Seppuku) being implicated in the Yoshinobu Incident in 1565, Toramasa's troop was taken over by Masakage YAMAGATA who is considered his own younger brother (or nephew according to another resource), and so was his Akazonea at the same time.
- 明治新政府が推進した殖産興業や富国強兵・脱亜入欧などの一連の政策の推進や西洋建築(→西洋館・擬洋風建築)、散髪、洋装、洋食などの奨励がみられる。
- The new Meiji government promoted the policies of industrial development, wealth and military strength of Japan, leaving Asia and entering Europe, while the government also promoted the adaptation of Western culture and customs, such as Western-style architecture, (=>Western style building and pseudo Western style architecture) short-cut hair removing the topknot of a man, Western style clothing, and Western style food and cooking.
- 1946年に連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指令により遊郭は廃止され赤線に看板を変えるが、これも1958年売春防止法の施行によりいったんは消滅した。
- In 1946, yukaku were abolished by order of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) and red-light districts appeared instead, but Anti-Prostitution Law went into effect in 1958 and they also disappeared temporarily.
- 代表的なものとしては、1874年(明治7年)の佐賀の乱、1876年(明治9年)の神風連の乱、1877年(明治10年)の西南戦争などが挙げられる。
- Famous rebellions were the Saga War in 1874, Shinpuren Rebellion in 1876, and the Seinan War in 1877.
- すると、近江源氏(山本義経)、美濃源氏(山田重澄)らのみならず、頼朝と連携を結び遠江にいた甲斐源氏の安田義定も義仲のもとへ続々と合流していった。
- Then, not only the Omi-Genji clan (Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO) and Mino-Genji clan (Shigesumi YAMADA) but also Yoshisada YASUDA of the Kai-Genji clan who was in Totomi Province in alliance with Yoritomo joined their forces with Yoshinaka one after another.
- が、駿河を平定した武田は甲相同盟を回復すると、元亀2年(1571年)10月には大規模な遠江・三河侵攻を行い織田・徳川連合との対立が決定的となる。
- However, after conquering Suruga, TAKEDA remade the Koso Alliance (an alliance between the Takeda clan in Kai Province and the Hojo clan in Sagami Province) and on October, 1571, he invaded Totomi and Mikawa Provinces in a large scale, which resulted in the decisive confrontation with the Oda and Tokugawa allied forces.
- これは中国における「天」概念と非常に類似しており、両者の関連性がしばしば指摘されているが、どちらのほうが起源として古いかは明らかにされていない。
- This is quite similar to the notion of 'Ten' in China and their relevancy is often pointed out, but it is still unknown which is older in terms of origin.
- 平氏政権に反抗的な態度を取り続けるこれらの寺社勢力に属する大衆_(仏教)の討伐を目的としており、治承・寿永の乱と呼ばれる一連の戦役の1つである。
- It was one of a series of military campaign called Jisho-Juei War aimed for subjugation of Daishu (monks residing in the zendo) belonged to these forces of temples and shrines (Bhuddism) which have kept taking defiant attitude against the Taira clan government.
- 律令制では民衆に支給する(班田収授する)農地の面積を一律に定めていたことから、整然とした条里区画は班田収授との強い関連が想定されていたのである。
- Because the area of agricultural land issued to the people (handen shuju) was determined in a single uniform way under the ritsutyo system, a strong relation between orderly jori sections and handen shuju was assumed.
- 査読のある学術雑誌において、九州王朝を肯定的に取り上げた学術論文は皆無であり、一般に九州王朝説及び関連する主張は科学的な学説とはみなされていない。
- There are no academic theses that support the theory of the Kyushu Dynasty among the academic journals that conduct peer review, and in general any claims regarding the theory of the Kyushu Dynasty, or anything related to that matter, have not been deemed to be academic theories with any scientific proof.
- 随員には騎馬・徒歩の武士の他、火縄銃、弓 (武器)などの足軽や道具箱や槍持ちなどの中間(人足)、草履取や医師などの大名身辺に仕える者たちが連なる。
- Attendants were consisted of warriors, horse-riding or on foot, ashigaru (common foot soldier) carrying matchlock gun or bow (arm), chugen (a rank below common soldier) (or ninsoku 〔coolie〕) carrying tool box or spear, and people who took care of daimyo such as zoritori (sandal bearer, equivalent to a batman) and doctors.
- あちこちで敗れた平家一門は尾瀬も近く、片品村に至るまでも険しい山々が連なる場所まで逃げた結果、片品村に平家の落人が住み着いて繁栄することになった。
- After being defeated at various places, the Taira family escaped to Katashina-mura, which is located near Oze and surrounded by steep mountains, and Heike no Ochudo settled there and prospered.
- 江戸時代には系図知りと呼ばれる職業の者が村々を廻り、土地の者のために史上の名家から連なる系図を作成して生計を立てていたことにも留意する必要がある。
- Also, attention should be paid to the fact that in the Edo Period, people who were engaged in the profession called keizushiri made their living by visiting villages and drawing for local residents genealogical tables showing that they came from a distinguished historical family.
- 城主・森可成は近江に居た野府城主・織田信治、青地茂綱らと共に交通の要所である坂本 (大津市)を先に占領して街道を封鎖して連合軍の進軍妨害を試みる。
- Yoshinari MORI, the lord of Usayama-jo Castle, attempted to intercept the advance of the allied forces by preemptively conquering Sakamoto (Otsu City), a strategic point of transportation, to help blockade roads along with Nobuharu ODA, the lord of Nobu-jo Castle, and Shigetsuna AOCHI.
- 日本軍最左翼に位置するためあらたに派遣された明水軍が加わり水陸からの激しい攻撃を受けるが防衛に成功し、明・朝鮮連合軍を後退させた(順天城の戦い)。
- Since it was located in the extreme left wing of the Japanese camp, it was attacked fiercely both from sea and land, but he succeeded in defending their position and forced the Ming and Korean forces to retreat (the Battle of Suncheon Castle).
- 元々律令制時代より、公文書は官印を捺しただけでなく、その官庁の役人がこれに連署することによって公文書の効力が発生するうえで必要な条件とされていた。
- Since the time of the ritsuryo system, to make the official document effective, it not only had to be stamped with the kanin, but also had to be ratified with the signature of officials of the government offices.
- 姓は直だが、天武天皇10年(681年)に倭竜麻呂が連姓に、12年に一族が連に、14年に忌寸姓に、さらに奈良時代には大和長岡と水守が宿禰に昇格した。
- Although his surname was Atai, Yamato no Tatsumaro's surname became Muraji in 681, the surname of the entire clan became Muraji in 683 and became Imiki in 685, and Yamato no Nagaoka and Mizumori were promoted to Sukune in the Nara period.
- 市中引き回し(しちゅうひきまわし)は、江戸時代における日本の刑罰で、罪人を馬に乗せ、罪状を書いた捨札等と共に刑場まで公開で連行していくものである。
- Shichu-hikimawashi was a kind of punishment in the Edo period, whereby a criminal was brought through the streets in public on horseback to the execution ground, together with 'sutefuda' (official notice board stating the details about the criminal and the crime).
- 西南役(せいなんのえき)、丁丑の乱、十年戦争(鹿児島弁では「じねんのゆっさ」)、私学校戦争とも呼ばれ、明治初期の一連の士族反乱のうち最大規模のもの。
- Also known as Seinan no eki, Teichu no ran, Junen senso (in the Kagoshima dialect, Jinen no yussa), and Shigakko Senso, it was the biggest among a series of uprisings of warrior class broke out in the early Meiji period.
- 翌13日に天皇はニコライの宿舎である京都ホテルに自ら赴いてニコライを見舞い、さらには熾仁・威仁・能久の三親王を引き連れてニコライを神戸まで見送った。
- On May 13, the Emperor visited Kyoto Hotel where Nicholas stayed, and then escorted Nicholas to Kobe together with 3 Imperial Princes, Taruhito, Takehito and Yoshihisa.
- 遊牧民族であるモンゴル人は船上の戦法を心得ておらず、モンゴル軍が有効に活用し、連戦連勝を重ねてきた得意の騎馬隊を上陸戦のため使うことができなかった。
- Since the Mongols were a nomadic people, they were not familiar with conducting battle in ships, and also could not use their cavalry, which they had been using well to achieve successive victories.
- 通説では織田・徳川連合軍3万8000(うち鳶ヶ巣山強襲部隊3000)、武田軍1万5000(うち鳶ヶ巣山に残した部隊3000)となっているが諸説ある。
- A standard theory is that the Oda-Tokugawa allied forces comprised 38,000 men (of which 3,000 took part in the raid on Mt. Tobigasu), whereas the Takeda force was made up with 15,000 (of which 3,000 were left on Mt. Tobigasu) although there are other theses.
- もともとこの地域は自立意識の高い国人衆が多く、彼らと連合政権のような政治を実施していくために、城郭も広い屋敷をもつ曲輪が必要であったと思われている。
- From the beginning, there were many Kokujin-shu (local samurai) with independent spirits, and it is thought that the castle needed to have Kuruwa, which contain large residences, so as to help establish a coalition government with them.
- 正史の記録には以後の経過が記されていないが、出羽国雄勝郡平鹿郡2郡郡家の焼亡、由理柵の孤立、大室塞の奪取及び秋田城の一時放棄と関連づける見解もある。
- Although the subsequent development of these battles was not recorded in any official history, there is a view that these events were closely related to the standoff at Yurisaku fortress, the seizure of Omuro-sai fortress, the temporary abandonment of Akita-jo castle, and the destruction by fire of two public offices of Ogachi and Hiraka counties, both in Dewa province.
- 租界を攻撃していた清朝の正規軍、聶士成(じょうしせい)の武衛前軍や馬玉崑(ばぎょくこん)率いる武衛左軍と衝突したが、戦闘は連合軍が清朝側を圧倒した。
- The official army of Qing dynasty was attacking the Concession (foreigners in China holding autonomy or extraterritoriality), but the frontal army of Chinese imperial guard division led by Nie Shicheng, and the left Chinese imperial guard division led by Bagyokukon, clashed with allied forces and the Qing dynasty side was defeated during the battle.
- 同年8月15日の鈴木内閣総辞職時には緊急時のこととて重臣会議は招集されず、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の進駐によって重臣会議の権限は消滅したとされる。
- On August 15th of the same year, at the time of the entire SUZUKI Cabinet resignation, a senior statesmen's conference was not held because it was considered an emergency, and it is assumed the occupation by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) ceased the authority of senior statesmen's conferences.
- 大戦終結までの間、マルタ島を基地に地中海での連合国側艦船の護衛に当たり、イギリス軍艦21隻を含む延べ船舶数計788隻、兵員約70万人の護衛に当たった。
- The fleet, based on Malta, served in the Mediterranean as escorts for navy ships of the Allies until the end of the world war, escorting a total of 788 vessels including 21 British warships, and about 700 thousand navy personnel.
- 武家執奏(ぶけしっそう)とは、武家政権である室町幕府と公家政権である北朝 (日本)(朝廷)の公武関係(朝幕関係)に関連する用語で次の2つの意味がある。
- Bukeshisso is a term that relates to the Court-Bakufu (the Imperial Court and Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) relationship between the Muromachi bakufu and the Northern Court in Japan (the court noble government), and the term has the two following meanings:
- また納税や返還の実行あるいは誓約が行われ神木が撤去される際にも「注連の本(もと)」と呼ばれる一種の手数料を徴収するなど、相手側に金銭的な制裁を課した。
- When the nengu was paid - or the disseized real estate (or the embezzled nengu) was returned (or promised to be returned) - to the temple or the shrine, Shinboku was removed, and the temple and the shrine imposed punitive money, such as 'shime no moto' (a kind of a commission), on the person who caused the trouble.
- 慶長3年9月(1598年10月)、朝鮮半島の泗川市で島津義弘率いる島津氏軍7千が明の武将董一元率いる数万(後述)の明・朝鮮連合軍と戦って撃退した戦い。
- Seven thousand army soldiers of the Shimazu clan led by Yoshihiro SHIMAZU fought against the tens of thousands of soldiers (mentioned afterwards) of Ming and Korean Allied Forces led by TON Yi Yuan, who was the busho (military commander) of Ming, in Sacheon City on Korean Peninsula in October 1598.
- 当初13,000名で臨んだレイテ決戦も生還者は僅か620名で、3人の連隊長が戦死しており、牧野四郎師団長も1945年(昭和20年)8月10日自決した。
- Among thirteen thousand soldiers that participated in the battle on Layt Island, only six hundred twenty survived, and three regimental commanders died in the battle, and Shiro MAKINO, who was the head of the division committed suicide on August 10, 1945.
- 大宝 (日本)元年(701年)から弘仁10年(819年)までの119年間に施行された詔・勅・官符・官奏などのうち重要なものを関連する官司別に編纂した。
- The most important of the Imperial rescripts, official documents from the State Council, and formal petitions to the Emperor that were enforced for 119 years (from 701 to 819) were compiled by the the respective government officials.
- 奈良時代末期に入ると、天皇と後宮あるいは男性官人との連絡係を務める内侍司の地位が、三種の神器を保管する十二司筆頭の蔵司と同格として扱われるようになる。
- In the late Nara period, the position of Naishi no tsukasa who acted as corresponding clerks between an emperor and the kokyu or male officials came to be treated equally to that of the Kura no tsukasa that ranked first in the junishi and preserved three sacred imperial treasures.
- 逆に第2次松方内閣では立憲改進党の後身である進歩党_(明治)との事実上の連立体制(松隈内閣)が形成されてこれを自由党が攻撃するという構図も形成される。
- The practical coalition cabinet was formed as the Progressive Party (in the Meiji Period) which was the Constitutional Progressive Party (the Showai Cabinet (Sho was defined as Masayoshi MATSUKATA while Wai was Shigenobu OKUMA)) in the Second Matsukata Cabinet, and the Liberal Party attacked them.
- 1992年に国土交通省の都市景観100選に選定、2007年には旧居留地連絡協議会が日本都市計画学会の最高賞である日本都市計画学会石川賞を受賞している。
- It was selected as the 100 City Landscape by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in 1992, and Association of The Former Foreign Settlement was awarded with Ishikawa Award of City Planning Institute of Japan, which was the top prize, in 2007.
- 第1条には「従前の天皇等が立てた子代の民と各地の屯倉、そして臣・連・伴造・国造・村首の所有する部曲の民と各地の田荘は、これを廃止する。」と定められた。
- Article 1 provided that 'all of Koshiro people groups ruled by the previous emperors, Miyake lands set up by the previous emperors, and Kakibe people groups and Tadokoro lands controlled by their owners titled Omi, Muraji, Tomo no miyatsuko, Kuni no miyatsuko and Mura no obito should be abolished.'
- 神風連の乱に呼応して福岡県で福岡藩秋月藩士宮崎車之助を中心とする秋月の乱、10月には山口県で前原一誠らによる萩の乱など反乱が続き、それぞれ鎮圧される。
- Akizuki War led by Kurumanosuke MIYAZAKI, a feudal retainer of Akizuki Domain, the branch domain of Fukuoka Domain, broke out in Fukuoka prefecture in response to Shimpuren-no-ran War, and Hagi-no-ran War (turmoil of dissatisfied warriors at Hagi) led by Issei MAEBARA and other shizoku in October of the same year in Yamaguchi prefecture, etc., but each war was subdued.
- この時、日本正教会がロシアと関係が深かった事から、ニコライ堂とその関連施設も標的になりあわや焼かれる寸前であったが、近衛兵などの護衛により難を逃れた。
- At that time, St. Nicholas Church and the related facilities were also targetted and about to be burned out because of the deep relationship between Japan Orthodox Church and Russia, but it was saved by the defence of the Imperial Guards.
- 赤旗事件で有罪となって獄中にいた大杉栄、荒畑寒村、堺利彦、山川均は事件の連座を免れたが、数多くの同志を失い、しばらくの期間、運動が沈滞することになった。
- Although Sakae OSUGI, Kanson ARAHATA, Toshihiko SAKAI and Hitoshi YAMAKAWA, who were serving their sentence for the Red Flag Incident, were not charged for complicity, they lost many comrades and the movement stalled for a while.
- 水戸老公徳川斉昭は、一旦は謹慎していたものの復帰、藩政を指揮して水戸藩主徳川慶篤(斉昭の長男)を動かし、尾張藩主徳川慶勝、福井藩主松平慶永らと連合した。
- An elderly nobleman of Mito Domain, Nariaki TOKUGAWA had previously retired, but retuned to domain administration and pushed the Mito lord Yoshiatsu TOKUGAWA (the first son of Nariaki), to unite Lords Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA of Owari Domain and Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA of Fukui Domain.
- 姓名判断や血液型性格分類(ないし血液型占い)、占星術は言うに及ばずラブテスターのような玩具に至るまで枚挙に暇が無く、こういった行為や関連する物品は多い。
- Not to mention the character diagnosis, character grouping by blood types (or fortune-telling by blood types) and horoscope, there is even toys such as a 'love-tester'; there are many activities and commercial products related to predicting aisho.
- これにより花粉症を含めたアレルギー対策に関する予算が急激に増加し、2002年度のアレルギー関連予算は7年前の27倍に達する73億7200万円にもなった。
- As a result, the budget allocated for countermeasures against allergies including pollinosis has increased drastically, and the allergy related budget for 2002 reached 7.372 billion yen, which was 27 times more than that of the seven years before.
- 明治維新(めいじいしん)は、江戸幕府による幕藩体制から、明治政府による倒幕運動および天皇親政体制の転換と、それに伴う一連の戦争(戊辰戦争)・改革をいう。
- The Meiji Restoration was the historic change from the feudal system of the Edo Shogunate to the system of direct Imperial rule by the Meiji government through the overthrow of the Shogunate, and the accompanying series of wars (the Boshin War) and reforms.
- これは連帯責任・相互監察・相互扶助の単位であり、領主はこの組織を利用して治安維持・村(町)の中の争議の解決・年貢の確保・法令の伝達周知の徹底をはかった。
- This was the unit for collective responsibility, mutual monitoring, and mutual aid, and the feudal lord operated these organizations for law and order, resolving conflicts in the village (town), collecting land tax, and notifying everyone of acts.
- ヤマト王権はこれらの渡来人や全国各地の豪族たちを徐々に組織化していくとともに(部民制の形成)中央の豪族層を大臣 (日本)・連を頂点として系列化していった。
- The Yamato Kingdom gradually organized these settlers and the regional ruling elite (the formation of the bemin system) and placed the central ruling families in the top oomi and muraji positions.
- その後上杉軍は柴田勝家を主将に前田利家、佐々成政らからなる織田軍の攻勢を本能寺の変までしのいだものの、武田軍は織田本隊と徳川連合軍によって滅亡させられた。
- After that, Uesugi's forces held out against attacks by Oda's forces, including Katsuie SHIBATA, the leader of the forces, Toshiie MAEDA, and Narimasa SASSA, until the Honnoji Incident, but Takeda's forces were ruined by the allied forces of Oda's main troops and Tokugawa's forces.
- また、この時徳川側の講和の使者だった井伊直政が、この一連の戦いで得た武田遺臣などをつけられ、以後「井伊軍団」を組織し「赤備え」として勇名を馳せる事となる。
- Furthermore, Naomasa II, who was an envoy of Tokugawa for the pacification, gained surviving retainers of Takeda in a series of such battles, and he organized 'Ii army,' which won a name for itself as 'Akazonae' (red arms).
- これは周代におこなわれたという井田制の解釈と密接に関連しており、実在を疑う向きさえある井田制の性格があまりはっきりしない以上決着をつけることは容易でない。
- This is closely related to the interpretation of the Jinghu system which was applied in the Zhou period and the nature of the Iden system, whose existence is questionable, is unclear.
- ②宮本氏が直江より身分的に上位とした承兌は、直江とは連歌をともにしており、また豊臣姓を賜っている直江は陪臣ではないため、二人の身分の上下を測るのは難しい。
- (2) Jotai, who was placed in a status higher than Naoe by Mr. Miyamoto, created linked verses with Naoe, and Naoe to whom the Toyotomi surname was given was not a vavasor, therefore, it is difficult to measure whose status would be higher or lower between the two.
- 列強のその時の思いは連合軍司令官ワルテルゼーの「列強の力を合わせたとしても、中国人の4分の1でも治めるのは困難であろう」ということばに言い尽くされている。
- Those thoughts of the allied nations were put in a nutshell with the words of Allied Supreme Commander Waldersee, 'It would prove difficult to conquer even a quarter of the Chinese people, even with all the allied powers combined.'
- 行軍隊の遭難した山中の気温は、観測係であった看護兵が記録も残せず死亡したため定かでないが、-20℃以下だったとの推測を青森5連隊が報告書の中で残している。
- The fifth Aomori Regiment recorded that the temperature in the mountain on which the troop got lost was lower than -20 degrees Celsius, though it's not clear because the hospital corpsman who was in charge of observations died before leaving a record.
- 飛鳥池遺跡そのものが飛鳥寺の傍に存在しており、同寺または「造飛鳥寺司」と称される同寺造営のための臨時の官庁(造寺司)の関連施設と考えるのが適当であること。
- The Asukaikekobo ruins are located beside Asuka-dera Temple and it is appropriate to consider that the ruins were the affiliated facilities of either Asuka-dera Temple or a temporary authority (Zojishi [officials in charge of building temples]) called 'Zo Asuka-dera jishi.'
- 政庁第2期に対応する8世紀段階において条坊に関連すると考えられる遺構は、政庁中央から南へ伸びる南北中央大路(朱雀大路に相当する)周辺を中心として存在する。
- For the time of eighth century that corresponds to the second period of the government, there are remains that are considered to be related to jobo mainly around the vertical central street (equivalent to Suzaku-oji Street) that runs from the central government to the south.
- 雄略天皇の時代の5世紀後半の大伴室屋(むろや)の時代より勢力を伸ばし、武烈天皇の代に孫の大伴金村(かなむら)が連(おおむらじ)になった時が全盛期であった。
- The Otomo clan extended its influence in the late 5th century, during the age of OTOMO no Muroya and the reign of Emperor Yuryaku, reaching the height of its prosperity when OTOMO no Kanamura--the grandson of Muroya--became Oomuraji in the reign of Emperor Buretsu.
- 一方、群馬県(上野国)伊勢崎市と神奈川県(相模国)伊勢原市は共に伊勢神宮の分社を当地に建てたことに由来する名称であり、間接的ながらも伊勢国に関連している。
- On the other hand, both of the names of Isezaki City in Gunma Prefecture (Kozuke Province) and Isehara City in Kanagawa Prefecture (Sagami Province) originate in constructing branch shrines of Ise Shrine and therefore they are related to Ise Province although the relation is indirect.
- 経時の死を好機と見た名越光時は、頼経や頼経側近の評定衆の後藤基綱・千葉秀胤・三善康持ら反執権派御家人と連携し、時頼打倒を画策するが、時頼方が機先を制した。
- Taking Tsunetoki's death as a good opportunity, Mitsutoki NAGOE allied with Yoritsune, and anti-regent gokenin, such as Yoritsune's close advisers and hyojoshu (members of Council of State), Mototsuna GOTO, Hidetane CHIBA, and Yasumochi MIYOSHI, and planned the overthrow of Tokiyori, but Tokiyori's side forestalled it.
- 武田征伐(たけだせいばつ)は、織田信長が、長篠の戦い以降勢力が衰えた武田勝頼の領地である駿河・信濃・甲斐へ侵攻し、武田氏一族を攻め滅ぼした一連の合戦である。
- The 'subjugation of Takeda' in Japanese history refers to a series of battles fought by Nobunaga ODA, who invaded the territories of Katsuyori TAKEDA (Suruga, Shinano and Kai Provinces) in order to destroy the Takeda clan, whose power was in decline after the Battle of Nagashino.
- 915年(延喜15)2月、上野国で上毛野(かみつけぬの)基宗、貞並らに大掾藤原連江(つらえ)らが加わる反受領闘争があり、受領藤原厚載(あつのり)が殺される。
- There was an anti-zuryo (provincial governor) conflict in Kozuke Province in February 915 caused by KAMITSUKENU no Motomune, Sadanami (貞並), FUJIWARA no Tsurae, with the title of Daijo, and they assassinated FUJIWARA no Atsunori, who was the Zuryo.
- しかし、越訴頭人は初代の頭人が金沢実時・安達泰盛であったように引付衆の中でも執権・連署を除く上首(最上位)もしくはそれに次ぐ御家人が任じられる慣例があった。
- However, among Hikitsukeshu, particularly joshu (the head) or second-tier vassal, except regency and rensho (assistant to regents), were customarily appointed as ossotonin; for example, the first ossotonin were Sanetoki KANEZAWA and Yasumori ADACHI.
- 摂津源氏の流れを汲む源頼行(源頼政の弟)を祖とする一族であり、頼行の孫である源頼連が鎌倉時代に越後国小国保(新潟県長岡市小国町)の地頭となり小国氏を称した。
- The first generation was MINAMOTO no Yoriyuki (a younger brother of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa), who was descended from Settsu Genji (Minamoto clan), and in the Kamakura period his grandchild MINAMOTO no Yoritsura became the jito (land steward) of Oguniho in Echigo Province (the present-day Oguni-cho, Nagaoka City, Nigata Prefecture) and took the name of Oguni.
- 奉書船制度は、従来の朱印状に加えて、老中の連署により発行する「奉書」を携行する船にのみ貿易を許可したもので、朱印船貿易から鎖国への過渡的措置として行われた。
- Hoshosen regulations permitted foreign trade only to ships carrying a hosho countersigned by the roju, in addition to a traditional shuinjo, which was a transitional measure from shuinsen trade to national isolation.
- 著者が近思録崩れに連座して遠島とされた後に本土に移されて幽閉された文化 (日本)9年(1812年)から天保12年(1841年)の時期に書かれたとされている。
- It seems that the book was written in the period between 1812 and 1841 when he was moved back to the main land and confined after he was implicated in the Kinshiroku-kuzure affair (the family feud in Satsuma domain in 1808) and exiled to a remote island.
- これは氏族社会における血縁関係者に課された集団責任・連帯責任が、氏族社会の崩壊と地縁による社会形成に伴って転換されて慣習法化されたものであると言われている。
- This has been said to be the group responsibility/collective responsibility imposed on people in a blood relationship in a clan society, that changed into a common law, following the collapse of a clan society and social shaping by territorial connections.
- しかし、査読のある学術雑誌において、九州王朝を肯定的に取り上げた学術論文は皆無であり、一般に九州王朝説および関連する主張は科学的な学説とはみなされていない。
- However, there are no academic papers in refereed journals that discussed positively Kyushu Dynasty, and the Kyushu dynasty theory and related arguements are not regarded as scientific theories in general.
- 1949年の中華人民共和国成立後には、酒類と加工済みのタバコ製品及び関連するタバコの葉、フィルタートウ、タバコ用紙、タバコ製造機械などが専売品となっている。
- After the esablishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the objects of monopolizations included alcoholic liquor, processed tobacco products, affiliated tobacco leaves, filter tows, tobacco paper, and tobacco manufacturing machines.
- 遺跡との関連においては、明日香村に飛鳥京跡と呼ばれる遺跡があるが、飛鳥京跡が文字通り飛鳥京の遺跡と考えられるものと等しいわけではないことに注意が必要である。
- It requires attention that the ruins found in Asuka Village called the site of Asuka-kyo is not literally considered as the ruin of the Asuka-kyo.
- 弥生時代中期頃から日本列島の各地に政治勢力(筑紫国、吉備国、出雲国、ヤマト王権、毛野氏など)が形成されていき、それら勢力の連合体を中国の諸王朝が倭国と称した。
- Several political forces of local clans (Tsukushi Province, Kibi Province, Izumo Province, Yamato sovereignty, and the Kenuuji clan) in verious areas in the Japanese Islands emerged around the middle of the Yayoi period, and these forces as a whole was referred to as Wakoku by the Chinese dynasties.
- 交通の改善により台湾の人口は1895年の260万人から1945年の650万人に増加し、台湾の南北を連絡する交通網は台湾社会の大動脈として現在も利用されている。
- Due to the development of transportation in Taiwan, the population increased from 2.6 million people in 1895 to 6.5 million in 1945 and the transportation network linking the west and north is still used now as the main artery in Taiwan.
- なお、諸般の事情により大名脇坂氏2代の脇坂安元が堀田氏から養嗣子を迎えたことで、血統では初代からの連続性は早々と絶えており、その後も堀田氏とのつながりが強い。
- However, due to various reasons the second generation of the daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) Wakisaka clan, Yasumoto WAKISAKA, took an adopted heir from the Hotta clan; the bloodline from the first generation died out in the early stage, and the relationship with the Hotta clan became stronger.
- 泗川は日本軍の策源地であった釜山広域市と日本軍最左翼の順天倭城・南海倭城の中間に位置する為、ここを落とされると西方にいる軍との連絡が分断される可能性があった。
- Since Sacheon City was located midway between Busan Metropolitan City of the supply base of the Japanese army and Suncheon Waeseong and Namhae Waeseong (Namhae Japanese Castle) at the extreme left wing of the Imperial Japanese Army, the communication with the army on the western side would be cut off if the city fell.
- 部落解放同盟京都府連合会委員長であった朝田善之助は、「アメリカ帝国主義とそれに従属する日本独占資本」への対決に収斂しようとする共産党系の運動論を強く批判した。
- Zennosuke ASADA, who was a chairman of the Buraku Liberation League, Kyoto Federation, strongly accused the Communist Party of the leaning movement that led to the conclusion of the confrontation against 'American imperialism and its subservient Japanese monopoly capital.'
- そこで、今度は直接幕府に訴えることにした里人は京都を拠点として、江戸・大坂・徳山・萩市など各地に散らばった仲間と連絡を取り合い、情報を集めながら時期を待った。
- After this, having decided to appeal directly to the bakufu, Satondo communicated with his fellows who had spread to various areas, including Edo, Osaka, Tokuyama, Hagi City, and waited for an appropriate timing while gathering information concerned.
- そこで1899年に入ると両会派の連携が進み、同年12月に両会派が木曜会や純無所属の議員にも呼びかけて70名の議員によって政党政治に反対する連合組織を結成した。
- Therefore, in 1899 the cooperation between both groups advanced and in December of the same year the members of Mokuyo-kai (Thursday-group) and independents were invited to form a union with 70 members against party politics.
- しかし、例外もあり親藩や、譜代大名の家老連綿の家系の多くには、幕府から、将軍家の旗本の格式を与えられ、将軍に謁見の資格を持ち、関所で下馬することを免除された。
- However, there were also exceptions: Karo officers of Shinpan (whose lords were in the male lineage of the Tokugawa shogun family) and Karo officers whose families were Karo to Fudai daimyo (daimyo who were retainers of the Tokugawa family from before the Battle of Sekigahara) were given the status of Hatamoto of the shogun family for generations, being entitled to have an audience with the shogun and to not alight from their horse at checking stations.
- 南洋諸島は、1919年調印のヴェルサイユ条約により、ドイツ国の植民地であった南洋諸島の一部につき1920年に国際連盟による委任統治として認められた地域である。
- The South Sea Islands had once been part of German colonies, which were put under mandate of Japan by the League of Nations in 1920, in connection with the Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919.
- だが、こうした姿勢に貴族院の他会派からは「権力志向」と看做され、研究会の膨張に不満を抱く茶話会・同成会・公正会が連携してこれに対抗する姿勢を見せた(幸三派)。
- However, such an attitude was seen as 'power oriented' by other groups, and Sawakai, Doseikai and Koseikai, which were dissatisfied with the expansion of Kenkyukai, cooperated to counter it.
- これが契機となり、明治9年(1876年)10月24日に熊本県で「神風連の乱」、27日に福岡県で「秋月の乱」、28日に山口県で前原一誠による「萩の乱」が起こった。
- These edicts triggered 'Shinpuren no ran' in Kumamoto Prefecture on October 24, 1876, 'Akizuki no ran' in Fukuoka Prefecture on 27, and 'Hagi no ran' led by Issei MAEBARA in Yamaguchi Prefecture on 28.
- 蘇我氏は連の大伴氏と物部氏にならぶ三大勢力の一角となり、やがて大伴金村が失脚すると、大連 (古代日本)の物部氏(物部尾輿)と大臣の蘇我(稲目)の二大勢力となる。
- Soga clan became one of three major powers alongside the Muraji Otomo and Mononobe clans; after OTOMO no Kanamura was overthrown, the Mononobe (MONONOBE no Okoshi) clan Omuraji (Official post in ancient Japan.) and the minister SOGA no Iname remained as the two major powers.
- 泰時は、世代交代期の混乱を防ぐため、叔父の北条時房を執権の補佐役といえる連署に当てるとともに、政治意思決定の合議機関である評定衆を設置し、集団指導体制を布いた。
- In order to prevent confusion during the transition of power to the next generation, Yasutoki appointed his uncle, Tokifusa HOJO, as rensho (assistant to the shikken), established the hyojoshu - a consulting institution for making political decisions - and founded the collective leadership system.
- 山陽鉄道は積極的な経営で知られ、急行列車の設定(1894年)、食堂車の営業(1899年)、寝台車_(鉄道)の連結(1900年)などいずれも官営鉄道より早かった。
- Sanyo Railway Company was known for its innovative management style and was quicker than the government-owned railway in operating an express railway service (1894), a dining car service (1899), and connecting sleeping cars (1900).
- 没官は原則として天皇の宣旨によって行われていたが、治承の乱において安徳天皇が平家に連行された最中に行われた平家没官領の没官は後白河法皇の院宣によって実施された。
- Although as a general rule, Mokkan was carried out upon receiving the emperor's special permission, Heike Mokkanryo (Land rights confiscated by Kamakura bakufu from the Taira family) during the time when the Emperor Antoku was kidnapped by the Taira family in Jisho War was carried out upon receiving the permission from the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
- この多聞山からの火、また、10月10日の久秀の焼き討ちもあって、一連の戦闘の結果、南都は般若寺、興福寺やその塔頭なども焼失したが、東大寺の被害もまた大きかった。
- As a result of a series of batt;es with fire from Mt. Tamon and fire set by Hisahide on November 20, 1567, many religious facilities in Nanto were destroyed by fire, including Hannya-ji Temple, Kofuku-ji Temple and its subtemples, as well as catastrophically damaging Todai-ji Temple.
- この乱により興福寺の権威は揺らぎ義教の支配が強まったが、永享12年(1440年)には早くも、結城合戦と関連した動きを見せた越智氏討伐のため幕府軍が出陣している。
- This war undermined the authority of Kofuku-ji Temple and strengthened the rule of Yoshinori but, as early as in 1440, the army of bakufu was forced to go back into battle to subdue the Ochi clan who made a move connected with Yuki War.
- 今谷明は朝敵とは到底いえない持氏を対象とした治罰綸旨発給をしてもらうために南朝方であることから朝敵であることが確実な越智氏との連携を主張したものと推察している。
- Akira IMATANI infers that the reason why the shogunate claimed the cooperation between Mochiuji and the Ochi clan, who was on the Southern Court side and evidently an Emperor's enemy, was to get the Jibatsu Rinji against Mochiuji because Mochiuji was far from being called as Emperor's enemy.
- 稲田側こうした一連の行動に怒った本藩側の一部過激派藩士らが、明治3年5月13日_(旧暦)(1870年6月11日)、洲本城下の稲田家とその藩士らの屋敷を襲撃した。
- One group of radical retainers on the Honpan side, who got upset about a series of unacceptable conduct of the INADA side, attacked the residences of the Inada family's and their retainers' near the Sumoto-jo Castle on June 11, 1870.
- 当時の李氏朝鮮は、壬午事変(1882年)で興宣大院君が清へ連れ去られており、閔妃をはじめとする閔氏一族は、親日派政策から清への事大主義政策へと方向転換していた。
- In the Joseon Dynasty at that time, Heungseon Daewongun was taken to China after the Imo Incident (1882) and the Min family including Queen Min were changing their policies from pro-Japanese to Sadaejuui (Loving and admiring the great and powerful).
- 当時の李氏朝鮮は、壬午軍乱(1882年)で興宣大院君が清へ連れ去られており、閔妃をはじめとする驪興閔氏一族は、親日派政策から清への事大主義へと方向転換していた。
- At that time in the Joseon Dynasty of Korea, as Heungseon Daewongun was abducted to Qing under the Imo Incident (1882), the Min clan of Yeoheung, including the Empress Myeongseong, had turned to serving the great Qing from the pro-Japanese policy.
- 薩軍の主力が北部戦線に移った後も熊本城の長囲は続けられていたが、官軍衝背軍の上陸と熊本鎮台との連絡がついたことから長囲策は破綻し、戦線は熊本城の南部東部に移った。
- Although the Satsuma army kept the drawn-out siege of Kumamoto Castle even after it transferred the main force to the northern front, the drawn-out siege failed and the front moved to the south and east of Kumamoto Castle when Shohaigun (rear attack force) of the government army disembarked and established communications with Kumamoto Garrison.
- 俗に蘇我入鹿が殺された事件のことを指して「大化の改新」と言うこともあるが、厳密にはクーデターである「乙巳の変」の後に行われた一連の政治改革が「大化の改新」である。
- Although the assassination of SOGA no Iruka is sometimes referred to as the 'Taika Reforms,' the series of political reforms carried out after the 'Isshi Incident,' which was a coup d'etat, are the 'Taika Reforms' in a narrow sense.
- 「飛散開始日」とは、その日の1平方センチメートルあたりの花粉観測数が連続して1個以上になった最初の日をさし、実際には飛散開始日よりも前に少量の飛散は始まっている。
- First day of pollen dispersal' is the first day on which the observed pollen count per square meter exceeds a value of 1, but low-level pollen dispersal begins actually before the first day of pollen dispersal.
- 特に「南都北嶺」と並び称された南都興福寺と比叡山延暦寺は強訴の常連で、傘下の春日・日吉神人は春日の神木・日吉の神輿を奉じて入京し、朝廷に国司の解任・配流を迫った。
- Especially, Nanto Kofuku-ji Temple and Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei, which were praised as 'Nanto-Hokurei' (the South capital and the North mountain), were frequenters of the direct petition; Jinin of Kasuga and Hiyoshi, which were under jurisdiction of the temples, entered Kyoto, serving their mikoshi (portable shrine carried in festivals), and urged the Imperial Court to dismiss or exile Kokushi.
- また、紛争勃発直前の会合で研究所・府連・全同教関係者を含めた「五人委員会」が発足していた事実を明らかにし、この委員会が管理権を持っており、研究所にはないと論じた。
- Also, they showed the fact that in the meeting just before the conflict, the 'Five Members Committee' consisted of the Instutute, the Kyoto Federation and the Zendokyo related members had been established, and argued the custodial right of the Hall was owned by the committee, and not owned by the Institute.
- その結果、平和主義や一揆の禁止などを説きながらも、教団を守るために一向一揆を組織し、更には守護などの世俗権力との連携をするという難しい選択に迫られることになった。
- As a result, on one hand he preached pacifism and the prohibition of uprisings, but on the other hand he had to make a hard decision to organize the Ikko-Ikki army to protect the religious community and furthermore to receive the cooperation from the secular powers such as provincial governors.
- 地租改正による農民一揆と並び、神風連の乱や西南戦争(1877年)など明治初期の士族反乱は、秩禄処分により収入が激減した士族階級の不平が原因であった考えられている。
- Like peasant uprising caused by the land-tax reform, revolts by former samurai warriors, such as Shimpuren-no-ran War (turmoil of Shimpuren, a dissatisfied warrior group) and the Seinan War (1877), were led by former warriors who suffered from drastic reduction of their income caused by Chitsuroku-shobun.
- 万治2年(1659年)、幕府は寛永通寳の輸出を禁止したため、長崎市中島銭座では貿易取引専用に中国の銭貨を模した銅銭を鋳造し、その一連の銭貨は長崎貿易銭と呼ばれる。
- As the bakufu prohibited Kanei Tsuho from being exported in 1659, zeniza in Nakajima, Nagasaki City minted copper coins imitating Chinese coins only for the purpose of international trade, and those coins were called Nagasaki Boeki-sen.
- ところが、戸水は金井・寺尾と連名でポーツマス条約に反対する上奏文を宮内省に対して提出したため、久保田は東京帝国大学総長の山川健次郎を依願免職の形で事実上更迭した。
- However, Kubota virtually replaced President of Tokyo Imperial University Kenjiro YAMAKAWA in the form of dismissal at his request because Tomizu submitted a report against Treaty of Portsmouth in the joint names with Kanai and Terao to the throne.
- 同日午後、薩軍は官軍一部の植木進出を聞き、午後3時に村田三介・伊東直二の小隊が植木に派遣され、夕刻、伊東隊の岩切正九郎が第十四連隊(乃木希典少佐)の軍旗を分捕った。
- At three o'clock in the afternoon, upon learning that part of the government army marched into Ueki, the Satsuma army dispatched the platoons led by Sansuke MURATA and Naoji ITO to Ueki, and in the evening, Shokuro IWAKIRI of the ITO's platoon captured the battle flag of the 14th regiment ((Major Maresuke NOGI..)
- かつては朝鮮語の「ナラ(国という意味)」との関連性を指摘する学者もいたが、現在はほぼ否定されている(「均す(なら-)『平らにする』」という意味が語源とされている)。
- There used to be scholars who suggested a possible connection with the Korean word 'nara' (meaning a country), however, this theory is no longer accepted (the origin of the word is believed to be 'to flatten').
- 姓(カバネ)の中では、臣、連が一番格式が高いとされ、最も有力な者には更に大臣 (古代日本)(おおおみ)、大連 (古代日本)(おおむらじ)の姓(カバネ)が与えられた。
- Omi and muraji were thought to be the high ranks within kabane, and the highest ranks given to the most powerful individuals were oomi (ancient Japan) and omuraji (ancient Japan).
- 週刊『平民新聞』は、第1面に英文欄を設け、アメリカ合衆国やイギリス、さらに日本にとっては敵国であるロシアの社会主義者らへ情報の発信をおこない、国際的な連帯を訴えた。
- The weekly 'Heimin-shinbun', having an English column on the first page, provided information to socialists in the United States of America, the United Kingdom and even Russia, which was a hostile country to Japan, and appealed to them for solidarity.
- このヒエラルキーが特異なのは、中国王朝が直接支配する領域とそれ以外の地域とが国境のような確固たる分断線によって区切られず、連続したものとして捉えられている点である。
- Uniqueness of this hierarchy was that the area directly controlled by Chinese dynasty and other areas were not separated with clear separating lines such as border between countries but recognized as continuous one.
- 八甲田雪中行軍遭難事件(はっこうだせっちゅうこうぐんそうなんじけん)は、1月に大日本帝国陸軍第8師団 (日本軍)の歩兵第5連隊が八甲田山で冬季訓練中に遭難した事件。
- Death March of Hakkoda Mountains Incident was the incident in which the fifth Infantry Regiment of the eighth Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) division was stranded while on a training exercise on the Hakkoda-san Mountain.
- ところが、日清戦争や条約改正を巡って自由党と第2次伊藤内閣は協調関係に入り、却って立憲改進党と吏党が連携してそれを攻撃するという構図が形成されて民党に亀裂が生じた。
- However, because the Liberal Party entered into cooperative relationship with the Second Ito Cabinet about the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the revision of unequal treaties, the Progressive Constitutional Party cooperated with Rito and attacked them and appeared in Minto.
- その後、昭和59年(1984年)8月に「専売改革関連法」が成立し、あらたに「たばこ事業法」が制定される一方、「たばこ専売法」および「製造たばこ定価法」が廃止された。
- After that, in August, 1984, 'Monopoly-Reform-Related Law' passed, and while 'the Tobacco Industries Act' was newly regulated, 'the Tobacco Monopoly Law' and 'the Manufactured Tobacco Price Fixing Law' were abolished.
- 地位・格式・立場を示す姓(カバネ)としては、公(きみ)、臣(おみ)、連(むらじ)、造(みやつこ)、直(あたい)、首(おびと)、史(ふひと)、村主(すぐり)などがある。
- Kabane which denoted ranks, social statuses and positions included kimi, omi, muraji, miyatsuko, atai, obito, fuhito and suguri.
- この連の姓を名乗る氏族の中で最も有力な者を大連 (古代日本)(おおむらじ)と呼び、臣の姓の氏族の中の有力者である大臣 (古代日本)(おおおみ)と共に国政を預けられた。
- The most influential people among the clans with the kabane of Muraji were called Omuraji (ancient Japan), who were put in charge of the affairs of state along with people called Oomi (ancient Japan), who were the influential people among the clans with the kabane of Omi.
- 慶長3(1598)年9月末から10月初めにかけて明と朝鮮の連合軍は西から順天倭城(小西行長軍)、泗川倭城(島津軍)、蔚山倭城(加藤清正軍)、に対して同時攻勢を掛けた。
- The Ming and Korean Allied Forces simultaneously attacked Suncheon Waeseong (Yukinaga KONISHI army), Sacheon Waeseong (Sacheon Japanese Castle) (Shimazu army), and Ulsan Waeseong (Ulsan Japanese Castle) (Kiyomasa KATO army) from the west between early to mid-October 1598.
- 最近になって、国立歴史民俗博物館の研究グループによる放射性炭素年代測定を活用した一連の研究成果により、弥生時代の開始期を大幅に繰り上げるべきだと主張する説がでてきた。
- Recently, there is a theory insisting on moving back to the start date of the Yayoi period dramatically, based upon radioactive carbon dating research results shown by a research group from the National Museum of Japanese History.
- このように、氏姓制度とは、連―伴造―伴(百八十部)という、王のもとでヤマト王権を構成し、職務を分掌し世襲する、いわゆる「負名氏」(なおいのうじ)を主体として生まれた。
- As descried above, the system of clans and hereditary titles was born by making the 'Naoi no Uji' (naming of the title revealing what the person does); people with these titles constituted the Yamato sovereign and took responsibility by working in the various functions which are hereditary and these hereditary titles included Muraji, Tomo no Miyatsuko, Momo Amari Yaso no Tomo in that order in the rank.
- 平氏敗北の要因について、後白河法皇が平氏へ講和の提案を行い、大幅に武装解除させる一方で、鎌倉政権軍と連携して対平氏攻撃を着々と準備した計略であるという説が有力である。
- As for the primary factor for the defeat of the Taira clan, historians and experts are strongly supportive in the theory that Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa strategicly proposed a peace negotiation with the Taira clan, to significantly relax the guard of the militarily defenses for the Taira clan's army while cooperating with the Kamakura Government army that was preparing for the pending attack upon the Taira clan.
- 日本政府は、花房公使を全権委員として、高島鞆之助陸軍少将及び仁礼景範海軍少将の指揮する、軍艦4隻、歩兵第11連隊の1個歩兵大隊及び海軍陸戦隊を伴わせ、朝鮮に派遣する。
- The Japanese government appointed Minister HANABUSA as a plenipotentiary and dispatched him to Korea with four warships, an infantry battalion belonging to the 11th Regiment of Infantry and a naval landing party under the command of Army Major General Tomonosuke TAKASHIMA and Rear Admiral Kagenori NIRE.
- 中央の有力豪族が中心である臣に対して連の姓を名乗る氏族は、朝廷の役職と直結しており、大伴氏も物部氏も古来からヤマト王権の軍事を束ねる役割をしていた氏族だと言われている。
- Unlike the kabane of Omi that were mostly the influential ruling clans in the capital, the clans with the kabane of Muraji were directly connected to the posts of the Imperial Court and it is said that the Otomo and the Mononobe clans were those who were in charge of the military affairs for the Yamato sovereignty from ancient times.
- 彼らは薩摩藩の有村次左衛門などと連絡し、薩摩の率兵上京による義軍及び孝明天皇の勅書をもっての謀反を企てていたが、薩摩藩内の情勢の変化などにより、両藩士合同の計画は頓挫。
- They contacted Jizaemon ARIMURA and others from Satsuma with the intention of going to the capital and obtaining an Imperial sanction from the Emperor Komei to attack Naosuke II, but, due to some changes in the political situation in Satsuma, the plan between the two clans was aborted.
- これらの農村の膨大な武器がほぼ完全に消滅するのは、大日本帝国が太平洋戦争においてポツダム宣言を受諾し降伏文書に調印した後の、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の占領政策による。
- These cache of weapons in the rural villages were almost completely eradicated under the Occupation policy by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) which was carried out after the Empire of Japan accepted the Potsdam Declaration for the Pacific War and the Instrument of Surrender was signed.
- 殷を方国の連盟の盟主と見る場合、封建された国はより殷の支配の強い国々であったと考えられ、したがって殷代には同族や直接支配下にあった部族の有力者が封建されたと考えられる。
- If the Yin were the leaders of the Hokoku league of countries, those granted countries must have been strongly controlled by the Yin, therefore, in the Yin period, the sovereignty over the country should have been given by the Zhou Dynasty to the same families and clans directly under control.
- 天文密奏の詳細は、仁安 (日本)元年(1166年)に奏上された陰陽助賀茂泰親・天文博士安倍業俊の連署の二十数通の天文密奏を集成した『安倍泰親朝臣記』で見ることができる。
- The details of tenmonmisso are written in the compilation of more than 20 tenmonmisso 'Abe no Yasuchika Asonki,' as reported with the signatures of onmyojo (onmyo vice-minister) KAMO no Yasuchika and tenmon hakase, Abe no Naritoshi.
- というのも当時の江戸幕府倒壊直後の日本は諸藩割拠状態であって、諸藩をどのようにまとめ上げて統一国家とするかという点において、国家スタイルとして連邦制が妥当と考えられた。
- After the collapse of the Edo bakufu, federal system was considered to be the best way to unify domains, which were defending authority and created a unified nation.
- この儀式は、家族の災いの原因である祖先の霊を呼び寄せ、舞や供物、供銭などでそれをもてなして災いをかけないように頼み、最後に霊を送り届ける一連の過程にそって執り行われる。
- This ceremony carries out the process in the following way; at first, calling the ancestor's spirit that caused the family disaster, then, asking it to stop the torture in exchange of for dance, offerings or money, finally sending it back to its original place.
- 19世紀後半の清の駐英大使であった薛福成は中華と夷狄を区別する「華夷隔絶」の「天下」から中華と外国が対等に関係を維持する「中外連属」の「天下」へと転換したと述べている。
- Xue Fucheng, Qing's ambassador to Britain in the latter half of the 19th century, said that 'Tenka' based on 'kai kakuzetsu' (distinction between the Chinese and barbarians) changed to 'Tenka' based on 'chugai renzoku' (cooperation between China and foreign countries) under which China and foreign countries maintain the relations on an equal basis.
- なお、義絶もほぼ同一であるが、父母(祖父母)側は内外にその事実を公表して証拠となる義絶状を作成すること、子(孫)が犯罪を犯しても連座の対象にならないことに違いがあった。
- 義絶 (gizetsu or disownment) was almost the same except that parent(s) or grandparent(s) should disclose the fact inside and outside the family and make an epistle of disownment as a proof and that they were excluded from complicity in a crime even if their child (or a grandchild) committed a crime.
- 六波羅探題南方の北条時輔は執権時宗の庶兄で、1264年(文永元年)に時宗が連署に就任すると同時に、京都の朝廷を監視する幕府の出仕機関である六波羅探題南方として赴任した。
- Tokisuke HOJO, the RokuharaTandai Minamikata, who was the regent Tokimune's older brother by a concubine, was assigned the post of Rokuhara Tandai Minamikata, an administrative and judicial agency of the bakufu to watch the Imperial Court in Kyoto, when Tokimune assumed the office of rensho (assistant to regents in the bakufu) in 1264.
- そのうちに一人の日本人がフランスで豪遊しているという情報が、フランス駐在中弁務使鮫島尚信やイギリス駐在大弁務使寺島宗則の耳に入り、日本の外務省・副島外務卿に連絡が入った。
- In the meantime, a France-based middle commissioner Naonobu SAMEJIMA and an England-based major commissioner Munenori TERASHIMA heard a news that one Japanese was engaging in extravagances and this news was reported to the Foreign Minister SOEJIMA in Japan.
- ヤマト王権と朝鮮半島諸国との交易が活発化した背景には、北方の高句麗から圧迫を受けつつあった百済が対抗のために近隣諸国(新羅・加羅諸国)と連携を強めていたことが挙げられる。
- It is thought that trade between Wakoku and the Korean kingdoms increased as Baekje, under pressure from Goguryeo to the north, began strengthening alliances with neighboring kingdoms such as Silla and Gaya.
- 士農工商を春夏秋冬に当てはめるのは五行思想と関連していると思われるが、四季という循環性のあるものになぞらえ、身分を階級序列というよりは順次並列させているところが興味深い。
- The comparison of shi-no-ko-sho to spring, summer, autumn, and winter may be associated with the concept of Wuxing (The Five Practices), and it is quite interesting that shi-no-ko-sho are compared to a cycle of four seasons so as to arrange the social statuses in a row instead of putting them in a hierarchical order.
- そもそも平家の落人とは、清和源氏と平家とが雌雄を決した源平合戦で一ノ谷の戦い、屋島の戦い、壇ノ浦の戦いにおいて平家方が連戦連敗を繰り返した中で発生した平家方の難民である。
- In the first place, Heike no Ochudo were fugitives of the Taira family side who were repeatedly defeated in the Battle of Ichi no tani, the Battle of Yashima and the Battle of Dan no ura during the Genpei War in which Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) and the Taira family fought a decisive battle.
- 庶民の寺子屋においては、『庭訓往来』をはじめとする往来物や『童子教』・『実語教』や『貞永式目』、儒学関連では『三字経』・『大和小学』・『孝経』・『小学』などが採用された。
- Private elementary schools for the common people adopted for their textbooks like Oraimono, which included 'Teikin Orai,' as well as 'Dojikyo,' 'Jitsugokyo,' 'Joeishikimoku,' and other books related Confucianism such as 'Sanjikyo,' 'Yamato Shogaku,' 'Kokyo,' 'Shogaku,' etc.
- ところが翌天文2年(1533年)に入ると、細川高国の弟・細川晴国や三好元長派であった波多野稙通ら晴元に恨みを抱く勢力と連携して晴元を攻撃して一時包囲を解くことに成功する。
- However, after turning into 1533, they temporarily broke the besiegement by attacking Harumoto in association with the forces having hard feelings against Harumoto such as Takakuni HOSOKAWA's brother Harukuni HOSOKAWA and Tanemichi HATANO belonging to the sect of Motonaga MIYOSHI.
- 大日本協会は立憲改進党にも協力を呼びかけて、政府及びこれと連携を強めつつあった自由党_(日本)自由党 (日本 1890-1898)に対する包囲網(対外硬六派)を形成した。
- The Dai Nihon Kyokai called for cooperation from the Rikken Kaishinto (Constitutional Progressive Party) to build a coalition (taigaiko roppa [six parties advocating a hard-line foreign policy: the Dai Nihon Kyokai, the Toyo Jiyuto, the Kokumin Kyokai, the Policy Affairs Research Council, the Domei Kurabu and the Rikken Kaishinto]) against the government, the Jiyuto (Liberal Party [Japan: 1890-1898]), which was strengthening its partnerships with the government.
- 21日、義仲は松殿基房と連携して「世間の事松殿に申し合はせ、毎事沙汰を致すべし」(『玉葉』同日条)と命じ、22日、基房の子・松殿師家を内大臣・摂政とする傀儡政権を樹立した。
- On January 12, working with Motofusa MATSUDONO, Yoshinaka ordered a 'discussion on the issues of society with Matsudomo and take action' ('Gyokuyo,' entry of January 12, 1184), and on January 13, he established a puppet government under Moroie MATSUDONO, the son of Motofusa, as Naidaijin (minister of the center) and sessho (regent).
- 2004年度からは会議の名称が「花粉症に関する関係省庁担当者連絡会議」と改められ、2005年度からは基礎研究などよりさらに踏み込んだ具体的な取り組みがなされるようになった。
- The name of the conference was changed to the 'Pollinosis Liaison Conference for Concerned Government Agencies' in 2004 and since 2005 concrete initiatives have been implemented based on fundamental research.
- よって、古代の賎民と中世以降の被差別民、さらに近代以降被差別部落と呼ばれるようになった江戸時代の被差別民共同体との歴史的連続性はなく、性質の異なる起源を有したと考えられる。
- Therefore, it can be concluded that the ancient lowly persons and those discriminated after the medieval period as well as communities of discriminated people during the Edo period which came to be called burakumin (people come from or live in special hamlets) in the modern period and after were not connected historically and had different origins.
- これらの全般的な特徴として、まず首位の昇叙があり、ついでそれに連なる直系親族のみに対し氏姓の変更が行われるといった順序により同族の中から有力な者が抽出されるという点にある。
- The general characteristic of these lies in the point that at the beginning the top rank is raised and then for the direct line that connected with the raised rank changes of clan name and hereditary title is made; because of this procedural order, an influential person is extracted.
- ただし、ヤマト王権は独自性を持った様々な部族の連合政権的な物だったらしく、ヤマト王権の支配域と当時の大和民族の分布域をイコールで結ぶことは必ずしも適切ではないかもしれない。
- However, it might not be appropriate to think that the range of the Yamato sovereignty's domain and the distribution of the Yamato race at that time were equal because the Yamato sovereignty appeared to be a coalition government of various tribes which had their own sovereignty.
- 一方、安政条約に明記されながらいまだに朝廷の許可が無いため開港されていなかった兵庫(神戸港)問題を巡って、英国公使ハリー・パークスが主導する英仏蘭米連合艦隊が兵庫沖に迫った。
- Meanwhile, a combined fleet led by Harry PARKES, a British diplomat, arrived offshore of Hyogo (current Kobe Port), which was designated as a port by the Ansei treaty, but was not opened because the imperial court refused to give permission.
- 鎌倉幕府は5代執権北条時頼没後その嫡男北条時宗が若年のため傍系の6代北条長時、ついで7代北条政村が執政し、これを漸く成年に達した連署の北条時宗らが補佐する体制が敷かれていた。
- In Kamakura bakufu, after the death of the fifth regent Tokiyori HOJO, whose heir Tokimune HOJO was too young, Nagatoki HOJO from a branch line became the sixth regent, who was succeeded by the seventh regent Masamura HOJO, and then Tokimune HOJO finally reached the age of manhood and supported Masamura as rensho (assistant to regents).
- 1874年(明治7年)、前年のいわゆる明治六年の政変(征韓論の争議)に敗れて下野した副島種臣、板垣退助、後藤象二郎、江藤新平等が連署して、民撰議院設立建白書を左院に提出した。
- In 1874, Taneomi SOEJIMA, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shojiro GOTO and Shinpei ETO who resigned from their post due to the political upheaval in 1873 (the dispute of Seikanron [debate on subjugation of Korea]) submitted a political statement for democratic representatives in their joint names.
- 当時の代表的な目録は『日本書目志』(1898年)、『増版東西学書録』(1902年)や『訳書経眼録』(1934年)などであるが、その中に書名がみえる国際法関連の書物は多数ある。
- Representative catalogs at that time were '日本書目志' (1898), '増版東西学書録' (1902年), '訳書経眼録' (1934) and so on, and we can find in such catalogs a large number of books related to international law.
- 木戸は、三者協議において板垣と連合することにより大久保の専権を抑制しようとし、また自らの発言権を回復する意図があったことから、板垣とともに政府に復帰することを強く望んでいた。
- Kido was planning to ally himself with Itagaki at the three-way meeting to restrain Okubo's arbitrariness and also intended to regain his voice; therefore he was anxious to return to the government together with Itagaki.
- 慶長20年7月17日 (旧暦)(1615年9月9日)、二条城において大御所(前将軍)・徳川家康、征夷大将軍(二代)・徳川秀忠、前関白・二条昭実の3名の連署をもって公布された。
- On September 9, 1615, the law was promulgated over the joint signature of the three persons of the retired shogun Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the second shogun Hidetada TOKUGAWA, and the former chief adviser to the emperor Akizane NIJO.
- この夜以後、連日、各地の火薬庫が襲撃され、俗にいう「弾薬掠奪事件」が起きたが、私学校徒が入手できたのは、山縣や大山が重要視しなかった旧型のエンフィールド銃とその弾薬のみだった。
- From that night, what is commonly called 'munitions seizure incident' occurred and other powder houses at various places were raided day after day, but the Shigakko students could only seized outdated Enfield rifles and ammunition for the rifles, of which YAMAGATA and OYAMA thought little.
- この朝臣が作られた背景には、従来から有った、臣(おみ)、連(むらじ)、首 (曖昧さ回避)(おびと)、直(あたい)などの姓(かばね)の上位に位置する姓(かばね)を作ることでした。
- The reason why Asomi was introduced was to create a superior kabane to the others such as Omi, Muraji, Obito, Atai or so on which had long been in existence.
- しかしながら、『史記』の中ですでにその原則は崩れており、匈奴や朝鮮、酷吏列伝など列侯とは到底関係ない伝がいくつも立てられおり、単に伝を連ねたものと解釈した方が良いかもしれない。
- However, the general rule was no longer existed and there were a lot of 'den' (history), which were irrelevant to 'rekko' (titled liege) in 'Shiki' such as den of Xiongnu, den of Korea and den of an unsparing officials, so it may be better to understand that 'retsuden' is just a series of 'den.'
- それに対して算道の扱う分野は儒教とは直接的な関連性はなく、計算や測量などの技術系官人の育成を行うことを目的としていたことから、唯一本科から独立した存在であったのが算道であった。
- In contrast, the fields covered by Sando had no direct relevance to Confucianism and aimed at educating technical government officials in calculation, survey, and other similar subjects; in this way, Sando was the only existence independent from the regular course.
- 京都府学連事件(きょうとふがくれんじけん)は、主として、犯罪捜査としての写真撮影の適法性・合憲性が問題とされ、それぞれ適法・合憲と判断された、日本の最高裁判所による判決の通称。
- It is a popular name of a judgment by the Supreme Court of Japan that mainly judged photographing for criminal investigation as lawful and constitutional.
- 十五里ヶ原の戦い(じゅうごりがはらのたたかい)は天正16年(1588年)8月、本庄繁長率いる上杉景勝・大宝寺義勝連合軍と東禅寺義長・東禅寺勝正兄弟率いる最上義光軍との戦である。
- During the Battle of Jugorigahara, which was fought in September and October 1588, the allied troops of Kagekatsu UESUGI and Yoshikatsu DAIHOJI, led by Shigenaga HONJO, fought against Yoshiaki MOGAMI's troops, which were led by the brothers Yoshinaga and Katsumasa TOZENJI.
- 1965年12月19日、三木らは中央本部からの中止勧告を無視する形で日本共産党の支持のもとに第13回府連大会の開催を強行し、三木を委員長とする府連体制(三木府連)を築き上げた。
- On December 19, 1965, supported by the Japanese Communist Party, Miki and others forced the 13th Kyoto Federation meeting, ignoring the recommendation for cancellation by the Headquarter, to establish the Kyoto Federation system (Miki Furen, Miki faction's Federation) with Miki as a chairman.
- これに対して朝田善之助らは、1966年1月15日、部落解放同盟中央本部の指示によって独自に府連大会を開き、朝田を委員長とする別個の府連体制(以下「朝田府連」と呼ぶ)を構築した。
- On the other hand, on Janurary 15, 1966, ordered by the Buraku Liberation League Headquarter, Zennosuke ASADA and others held their own Kyoto Federation meeting to establish another Kyoto Federation system (hereinafter referred to as 'Asada Furen,' Asada faction's Federation) with Asada as the chairman.
- 義和団の乱において直隷総督配下の近代化軍隊は連合軍に敗れて大きな打撃を受けたが、袁世凱の軍だけは義和団をたたくのみで、直接列強との戦争に参加しなかったためほとんど無傷であった。
- The modernized army directly under the control of Governor General of Zhili lost against the allied nations and received great damages during the Boxer Rebellion, but the army of Yuan Shikai only suppressed the Boxers and did not directly participate in the war against the powerful nations, and so suffered very little damage.
- 江戸時代 名前、出生などの具体的記録は残っていないが、既に移民が開始されていた中国人により、日本人女性が人身売買同然にアメリカに連れて行かれ、売春宿で働かされていたとの記録有。
- Even though there are no specific records from the Edo era including names and births, records do show that Japanese women were trafficked by Chinese immigrants to the U.S. to work in U.S. brothels.
- 昭和期に陸軍三長官を務めた長州出身者は陸相を務めた寺内寿一(寺内正毅の子)一人であり、海軍三長官を務めた薩摩出身者は連合艦隊司令官を務めた山本英輔(山本権兵衛の甥)一人である。
- Only Hisaichi TERAUCHI (a son of Masatake TERAUCHI), who served as Minister of Army, was the native of Choshu who served as any of the three secretaries of the Army, and the only Satsuma native that served as any of the three secretaries of the Navy was Eisuke YAMAMOTO (a nephew of Gonbei YAMAMOTO), who was the Commander-in-Chief of the Combined fleet.
- また、現存している記録に残された冠位とその人物が属している姓の水準が一致している例が多い(臣・連以外の姓より大徳が輩出された例は無く、村主・首以下の姓で小徳を輩出した例は無い)。
- There are many examples of courtly rank coinciding with the hereditary title level to which the person belonged (there are no examples of people with titles other than Omi and Muraji being awarded the rank of Daitoku, or of people below Suguri and Kashira being awarded the rank of Shotoku).
- 天智天皇は即位以前の天智天皇2年(663年)に百済の復興を企図して朝鮮半島へ出兵して新羅・唐連合軍と戦うことになったが、白村江の戦いでの大敗により百済復興戦争は大失敗に終わった。
- Before his accession, Emperor Tenchi took up arms against Siila and Tang allied forces to attempt the recovery of Baekje in 663 but this war turned into a fiasco due to the loss of the Battle of Hakusukinoe.
- 江戸時代の学問の特徴としては、研究者個人の直感的、連想的な思考を軸とする中世的な発想で研究を進めるのではなく、文献などに基づき実証的に研究するという態度が現れたことが挙げられる。
- One of characteristics of studies in the Edo period was the appearance of the positivistic approachs based on written materials, which was different from those in the medieval times laying stress on the intuitional and associational thoughts of the researcher.
- 最大会派研究会_(貴族院)に所属していた岡田良平ら10名の勅選議員が、研究会と原内閣との連携に反発して会派離脱を行い、これに細川護立ら一部の純無所属議員を加えて25名で発足した。
- The Second Independents was established by 25 members including 10 nominated members of the House of Peers such as Ryohei OKADA who had belonged to the largest faction Kenkyu-kai (the House of Peers) opposed the cooperation of the Kenkyu-kai and the Hara Cabinet and left from the faction as well as some members of the Independents including Moritatsu HOSOKAWA.
- 暗殺犯は石川県士族島田一郎・長連豪・杉本乙菊・脇田巧一・杉村文一および島根県士族の浅井寿篤の6名から成る(脇田は上京にあたり罪が家に及ぶのを恐れて士族を辞めて平民になっている)。
- The group of assassins consisted of 6 sizoku: 5 from Ishikawa Prefecture, Ichiro SHIMADA, Tsurahide CHO, Otogiku SUGIMOTO, Koichi WAKITA, and Bunichi SUGIMURA; and 1from Shimane Prefecture, Toshiatsu ASAI (Wakita quit the shizoku and became a commoner prior to leaving for Tokyo due to fear of punishment to his family for his conduct).
- 第二次世界大戦中には連合国側も発行していたほか、第二次世界大戦後もアメリカ合衆国が世界各地の米軍基地の兵士の給料として米ドル建ての軍票を、1970年代ごろまで支給し使用していた。
- During the WWII, the Allies issued their military currency, and after the WWII until the 1970's, the U.S.A. issued its military currency in US dollar and paid salary by that to the soldiers in U.S. military bases throughout the world.
- そして相良武任や杉興連ら義隆派は筑前で隆房が送り出した野上房忠の軍勢によって攻め殺され、義隆を頼って京より下向していた三条公頼(武田信玄正室・三条の方の父)らの公家も殺害された。
- Then, Yoshitaka group such as Taketo SAGARA and Okitsura SUGI were attacked and killed in Chikuzen by Fusatada NOGAMI's forces dispatched by Takafusa, and the court nobles including Kinyori SANJO (father of the lawful wife of Shingen TAKEDA, Sanjou-no-kata) who left Kyoto relying on Yoshitaka were also murdered.
- つまり、4月23日に「仰ト号シテ」連署北条時村を「夜討」した12人はそれぞれ有力御家人の屋敷などに預けられていたが、10日もたってから「此事僻事(虚偽)なりければ」と斬首された。
- In other words, each of the twelve persons who killed Tokimura Hojo, assistant to shikken, in a night, saying that 'they had been ordered to do so,' was held into custody in the residence of a powerful retainer of the shogun, but in ten days, all of them were decapitated 'saying that the reason was false.'
- しかし同時にソビエト連邦が誕生したことにより、赤化(共産主義)思想が広まり、共産主義者による革命運動を懸念した政府は治安維持法を制定し、国民の運動に対し規制がかけられる形となった。
- However, the birth of the Soviet Union during the period spurred the spread of communism in Japan and prompted the government fearing revolutionary movement by Communist agitators to pass the Peace Preservation Act and control popular movements.
- バテレン追放令(-ついほうれい・伴天連追放令)は1587年7月24日(天正15年6月19日 (旧暦))に筑前箱崎において豊臣秀吉が発令したキリスト教宣教と南蛮貿易に関する禁制文書。
- The Edict expelling Jesuit missionaries was a prohibition document concerning the mission of Christianity and trade with Spain and Portugal issued by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in Chikuzen Hakozaki, in July 24, 1587.
- 全日本学生自治会総連合では少数派(非主流派)であった所感派の思想的・政治的影響下にあった当時の同学会(京都大学の全学学生自治会)は、1950年度のレッド・パージ粉砕闘争を主導した。
- Dogakukai (students' self-governing association of Kyoto University) which was under the philosophical/political influence of the Shokan sect, a minority group (a non-mainstream faction) of the All-Japan Federation of Students' Self-governing Associations, played a leading role in the anti Red Purge struggle in 1950.
- また、出兵に参加した大名たちによって連れてこられた朝鮮人儒学者との学問や書画文芸での交流、そして陶工が大陸式の磁器の製法、瓦の装飾などを伝えたことで日本の文化に新たな一面を加えた。
- New aspects were added to Japanese culture by intercommunion in scholarship and calligraphy and painting as well as creative writing with Korean Confucians who were brought to Japan by daimyo who took part in dispatch to Korea and transmission by potters of manufacturing process of continental ceramics and the decoration of roof tiles.
- NHKは、イラン・イラク戦争時のトルコ政府・トルコ航空による日本人救助活動について、プロジェクトXにて取り上げた際に、エルトゥールル号遭難事件との関連については、全く触れなかった。
- When NHK featured the rescue mission of Japanese by the Turkish government and Turkish Airlines during the Iran-Iraq War in the program 'The Project X,' they never mentioned the Ertuğrul incident in relation to the topic.
- 天から御札(神符)が降ってくる、これは慶事の前触れだ、という話が広まるとともに、民衆が仮装するなどして囃子言葉の「ええじゃないか」等を連呼しながら集団で町々を巡って熱狂的に踊った。
- Along with a widespread rumor that 'ofuda' (talismans) would falls down from heaven, which was believed a preamble of auspicious events, people in a clown like outfit went out and walked around their neighborhood in group with enthusiasm by repeatedly shouting 'eejanaika' (literally means 'it's good,' as an utterance added to complete the rhythm of a song).
- 1876年10月24日に熊本県で起こった神風連の乱と、同年10月27日に起こった秋月の乱に呼応し、山口県士族の前原一誠(元参議)、奥平謙輔ら約200名によって起こされた反乱である。
- It was the rebellion led by Issei MAEBARA, a shizoku (family or person with samurai ancestors) from Yamaguchi Prefecture and the former Sangi (councilor), and Kensuke OKUDAIRA involving about 200 shizoku, which was raised in response to Shimpuren-no-ran War (turmoil of Shimpuren, dissatisfied warrior group) which broke out on October 24, 1876 in Kumamoto Prefecture and Akizuki-no-ran War (turmoil of Akizuki) on October 27th of the same year.
- 一方、皇族(大王 (ヤマト王権)の一族)を中心とする支配体制を強化し、血縁や勢力にとらわれない人材登用を進めるため、官位(冠位)の制度(官職と位階を関連づける制度)も取り入れられる。
- The official rank (cap rank) system (the system where a government post was associated with a court rank) was also adopted in order to consolidate the government headed by the imperial families (a clan of okimi [Yamato Dynasty]) and to appoint talented people into government service free from blood relations and influence.
- 姓(カバネ)の制度は、壬申の乱(672年)の後、天武天皇が制定した八色の姓によって有名無実化されていき、臣、連ですら序列の6、7番目に位置づけられ、その地位は、実質上、無意味化した。
- After the Jinshin War (occurred in 672), the kabane system existed in name only when Yakusa no Kabane (the eight honorary titles) system was installed by the Emperor Tenmu, which put omi and muraji in sixth and seventh from the top, and thus those titles no longer held any values.
- 安帝紀に「倭国王帥升等」とあるように、倭国王は地域の小国家ではなく、いくつかの地域国家連合の首長としての「倭国の王」と考えることができ、これは倭国の成立を示すものではないかとされる。
- As it is written 'the King of Wa Suishora' in the Record of Emperor An, it is possible to think that the King of Wa was not a toparchy of the region, but was a 'King of Wa' as a chief of several regional nations, and this is thought to be the establishment of Wakoku (country of Wa).
- 第二次世界大戦終了後日本を占領した連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は、国家のための自己犠牲を奨励していた皇民化教育が軍国主義国家形成に果たした役割が大きかったと考え、教育改革に乗り出した。
- The General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) which occupied Japan after the Second World War worked on education reform, thinking that Japanization education, which promoted sacrificing oneself for the nation, played a big role in forming the militarism nation.
- 研究所は、会館の建設は研究所の事業として行われ、行政当局からの補助金も研究所が受給したことなど、会館完成までの一連の事業を研究所が主導した事実を挙げて研究所が管理権を持つと主張した。
- The Institute of Buraku Problem showed the facts that a series of operations were led by the Institute until the Hall was complete, the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall construction was performed as the Institute's project, and the Institute received a subsidy from the government and so on, claiming a custodial right for the Institute of Buraku Problem.
- その後、延暦8年(789年)に廃され、弘仁元年(810年)の薬子の変では愛発関を閉じた記録はなく、代わって近江国の相坂関に連絡が行っており、、この頃には完全に廃止されていたとされる。
- After that, it was destroyed in 789, and there is no record that Arachi no-seki was closed in the Kusuko Incident in 810, alternatively, Osaka no-seki checking station in Omi Province received notification, so it is considered to have been abolished completely by this time.
- 日本と朝鮮の中間に位置する対馬藩は地理的条件から経済を朝鮮との交易に依存していた背景もあり、朝鮮との国交回復のため、朝鮮出兵の際に連れて来られた捕虜の送還をはじめ日朝交渉を仲介した。
- The Tsushima Domain, which was located between Japan and Korea, had economically depended on trade with Korea because of its geographical conditions; therefore, for the sake of the restoration of diplomatic relations with Korea, the Domain acted as a mediator between Japan and Korea and they had some activities such as sending back Korean captives who had been brought to Japan during Japan's Invasions of Korea.
- これは、天武朝において氏上に相当する氏が八色の姓に改姓する前段階として、まず連への改姓が行われ、この連=小錦位以上を基点として、忌寸以上の四つの姓へ改められたことと同様の対応である。
- This is the same treatment with the changes made in the Imperial Court of Emperor Tenmu in which the Kabane of the clan corresponding to the head of clan was changed into Muraji as the preliminary step before to get to Yakusa no Kabane (eight official titles conferred upon nobles by Emperor Tenmu in 684); Emperor Tenmu made this Muraji (above the rank of Shokini) a base point and changed into four hereditary titles of above Imiki.
- 東京春秋会(新聞社複数社で結成された連合)はこのような政府の処分に対し取り消しを要求し、水野錬太郎内務大臣 (日本)は「内務省 (日本)発表の公報情報のみ掲載を認める」と柔化させた。
- Tokyo Shunju Kai (a combination made up of various newspaper companies) demanded a retraction of this punishment by the government, as a result, Rentaro MIZUNO, prewar Minister of Home Affairs, relaxed the ban that 'only official information announced by prewar Ministry of Home Affairs could be published'.
- ところがロシアは露清密約を結び、日本が手放した遼東半島の南端に位置する旅順・大連市を1898年に租借し、旅順に旅順艦隊(第一太平洋艦隊)を配置するなど、満洲への進出を押し進めていった。
- Russia, however, concluded a secret agreement with the Qing and obtained leases for the cities of Lushun and Dalian at the southern tip of the Liaodong peninsula which Japan was forced to return, and proceeded to expand its presence in Manchuria constructing a naval base in Lushun for the First Pacific Fleet (Lushun Fleet).
- なお、後年の編纂物である『吾妻鏡』などには一連の北陸出兵が「義仲討伐の為」と記されているが、当時の記録には、『玉葉』寿永2年(1183年)5月16日条まで義仲の名前は記載されていない。
- The books compiled in later years, including 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), state that the serial dispatch of troops to Hokuriku was 'in order to seek out and kill Yoshinaka' but Yoshinaka's name was not recorded in the records made at the time, until the June 14, 1183 entry in 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane).
- この一連の出来事は蛮社の獄と呼ばれ、近年までは江戸時代における一大思想弾圧事件として取り扱われていたが、上述のように実態は鳥居による政敵とみなされた者への排除のための冤罪事件といえる。
- The series of incidents is called Bansha no goku (Imprisonment of scholars of Western learning), which has been, until recent years, treated as an important event to crack down on thought during the Edo period, but in fact, it can be said that it was an incident of a false charge to exclude people regarded as political enemies, caused by Yozo TORII as mentioned above.
- だが、マリア・ルース号事件や台湾出兵の影響で批准の必要性が高まり、一連の事件の始末のために清を訪れた外務卿副島種臣によって1873年(明治6年)4月30日に批准書交換がされて発効した。
- But, the María Luz Incident or the Taiwan expedition increased the necessity of the ratification, so Taneomi SOEJIMA, a Chief of Foreign Ministry who had visited Qing to deal with the sequential issues exchanged the instruments of ratification which came into effect on April 30, 1873.
- さらに与党憲政党内旧自由党派の実力者星亨が、陸軍大臣桂太郎らと密かに連携して尾崎排除を計画、隈板内閣を嫌っていた伊藤博文の盟友伊東巳代治が社主を務める東京日日新聞も尾崎攻撃を開始した。
- Not only Toru HOSHI, an influential politician of the former Liberal faction of the ruling Constitutional Party, had a secret connection with Taro KATSURA, an Army Minister, to exclude OZAKI, but Tokyo Nichinichi Newspaper, owned by Miyoji ITO who was a sworn ally of Hirobumi ITO who hated the Wai-han Cabinet, launched attacks on OZAKI.
- ロシアも総理大臣の李鴻章が50万ルーブル、副総理の張蔭桓が25万ルーブルの賄賂を受け取り1896年に秘密協定である露清密約を結び、1898年、遼東半島南端の旅順・大連市の租借に成功する。
- Russia also succeeded in leasing Lushun area and Dalian City, both southern parts of Liaodong Peninsula in 1898 by signing the Russia-Qing secret agreement in 1896 by giving a bribe of 500 thousands rubles to then-Chinese prime minister, Li Hongzhang, and 250 thousands rubles to then-deputy prime minister, Zhang Yinhuan.
- 日本海軍が護衛に当たった「大輸送作戦」により、連合国側はアフリカにいた兵員をアレクサンドリア(エジプト)からマルセイユ(フランス)に送り込むことに成功し、西部戦線での劣勢を挽回している。
- The massive transporting operation,' in which Imperial Japanese Navy served as escorts, enabled the Allies to send the troops in Africa from Alexandria (Egypt) to Marseille (France) successfully to recover from inferiority in the Western Front.
- 1921年、国際連盟規約への抵触、日英双方国内での日英同盟更新反対論、日本との利害の対立から日英同盟の廃止を望むアメリカの思惑、日本政府の対米協調路線を背景にワシントン会議が開催された。
- In 1921 the Washington Conference was convened against the background of the infringement on the Covenant of the League of Nations, opposition to the renewal of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance both in Japan and Britain, the US's desire for abrogation of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance due to its clash of interests with Japan, and the cooperative policy of the Japanese Government toward the US.
- 時連には5人の兄がおり、長兄・猪苗代経連は猪苗代氏、次兄・広盛は北田氏、三兄・盛義は金上氏、四兄・蘆名光盛は蘆名氏、五兄・盛時は加納氏の祖となり、それぞれの子孫は会津各地を分割支配した。
- Tokitsura had five elder brothers, among whom the eldest brother Tsunetsura INAWASHIRO originated the Inawashiro clan; the second elder brother, Hiromori originated the Kitada clan; the third elder brother, Moriyoshi, originated the Kanakami clan; the fourth elder brother, Mitsumori ASHINA, originated the Ashina clan; and the fifth elder brother, Moritoki, originated the Kano clan; their descendants divided the Aizu region and ruled the area.
- 当時官界を去り、大阪で実業界に入っていた井上馨は、この情勢を憂い、混迷する政局を打開するには大久保・木戸・板垣による連携が必要であるとの認識を抱き、盟友の伊藤博文とともに仲介役を試みる。
- Kaoru INOUE, who had left the government to start a business in Osaka at the time, was concerned about this situation, and with the recognition of the necessity of cooperation between Okubo, Kido and Itagaki to break the political chaos, he attempted to mediate between them with his sworn friend, Hirobumi ITO.
- 桂が翌日に日露講和会議の日本側全権として米国ポーツマス (ニューハンプシャー州)にいた外相小村寿太郎にこのことを知らせることによって、日米間の合意をめぐる一連の行為は完了する形となった。
- A series of acts related to this agreement between Japan and the United States was completed when next day Katsura informed the Foreign Minister, Jutaro KOMURA, who was in Portsmouth (New Hampshire) in the United States as a Japanese plenipotentiary of the Russo-Japan Peace Conference (The Portsmouth Peace Conference).
- 大和朝廷は大王(おおきみ)を推戴する豪族、特に大和の中央豪族たちによる連合政権というべきものであり、大王位の継承を巡る争いは豪族たちの軍事力によって行われ、豪族たちの向背が帰趨を制した。
- The Yamato Dynasty was actually a coalition government by Gozoku being presided over by an Okimi (great king), especially Gozoku living in Yamato, and since any dispute over succession to the post of Okimi was conducted by the Gozoku's military power, a consequence depended on the stances of more than one Gozoku.
- 参勤交代は軍役であるから、大名は保有兵力である配下の武士を随員として大量に引き連れて江戸に出仕し、領地に引き上げねばならないため、移動の際に大名行列という大掛かりな行進を行う必要があった。
- Because sankin-kotai was a military service, daimyo had to move with a great number of their subordinate warriors, which traveling took the form of a large-scale march called daimyo-gyoretsu.
- 煬帝の家臣である裴世清を連れて帰国した妹子は、返書を百済に盗まれて無くしてしまったと言明している(「臣參還之時 唐帝以書授臣 然經過百濟國之日 百濟人探以掠取 是以不得上」『日本書紀』)。
- According to 'Nihonshoki,' Imoko said he did not have the reply because a person from Baekje stole it, when he returned to Japan with Hai Seisei, a vassal of Yang Guang.
- 武士論研究には「在地領主論」と「職能論」という2つの流れがあることは述べたが、職能、特にその技能(弓馬)に着目すれば、律令制下の軍制から中世武士までの連続性がかなり明らかになってきている。
- While the study of samurai had two schools of theory, the 'local lord' and 'function,' it was apparent from the continuous characteristics seen from the military system under the Ritsuryo system to medieval bushi by examining the function and especially techniques (cavalry and archery).
- これは逆にばねの力で火縄を装着した火挟みを常に上がった状態にもどす反発力がかかっており、引金を引くと引いた速度に連動してゆっくりと火挟みが火皿に降り、火縄の火が火皿の火薬に触れて撃発する。
- A serpentine holding match is kept at a lifted position by means of a spring, and the serpentine is slowly brought to the flashpan as the trigger is pulled, and the fire on the match contacts with the priming powder in the pan to make an explosion.
- 信長包囲網(のぶながほういもう)は、戦国時代_(日本)末期より安土桃山時代初頭にかけて、室町幕府征夷大将軍 足利義昭とその後ろ盾である織田信長との対立に由来する義昭主導の反信長連合の俗称。
- The anti-Nobunaga network is a commonly used name for the seige around Nobunaga led by Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA; from the end of the Sengoku period to the beginning of the Azuchi-Momoyama period, Nobunaga ODA was an official backing for Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, Seii Taishogun of the Muromachi shogunate, although, in reality, they were conflicted and Yoshiaki established that anti-Nobunaga network.
- 北京には八旗や北洋軍ほかおよそ4万人強の兵力が集められたが、さきに天津から進攻する連合軍との戦いで敗れ、戦死あるいは戦意喪失による逃亡によって城攻防戦の際にはすでに多くの兵が失われていた。
- The military force consisted of the Eight Banners and Beiyang army as well as 40,000 soldiers, but many soldiers were already lost at the time of the battle of the castle, having been killed in battle or having lost the will to fight and fled when being defeated by the allied forces invading from Tianjin.
- 書式上においては、「太政官謹奏(かしこもうす) 其事」と書き出し、続いて太政大臣以下の各大臣・大納言ら各議政官が連署してその次に奏文を書くという太政官議政官の総意による奏上の形式を採った。
- A documentary form of Ronso was stipulated in Daijokan-so as to start with an opening sentence 'Daijokan kashiko mosu'(Daijokan has much pleasure in this writing), being accompanied by signatures of Daijo-daijin (the Grand Minister of State) and other legislatures including ministers and dainagon (Chief Councilors of State), and then followed by Sobun (a report to the throne), thus taking a form to report collective opinions of all legislatures of Daijokan.
- 日本政府においては、1990年度に「スギ花粉症に関する関係省庁担当者連絡会議」が設置され、1994年度より当時の科学技術庁によって数年間に渡る「スギ花粉症克服に向けた総合研究」が実施された。
- The Japanese government held the 'Japanese Cedar Pollinosis Liaison Conference for Concerned Government Agencies' in 1990 and since 1994 the Science and Technology Agency has conducted 'integrated research to overcome cedar pollinosis' over several years.
- 伊達軍が国見山へ移動中、上杉方梁川城の須田長義旗下車丹波等が、馬上百騎・小手六十三騎等を含む足軽百人ばかりを引き連れて梁川城から大隅川を渡り、藤田と桑折の間で伊達勢後尾の小荷駄隊を急襲した。
- While the Date army was moving to Mt. Kunimi, warriors including Tanba KURUMA serving Nagayoshi SUDA in the Yanagawa-jo Castle on the Uesugi side crossed the Osumigawa River from the Yanagawa-jo Castle with 100 ashigaru (common foot soldiers) as well as 100 horsemen and 63 horseman from Ote and suddenly attacked provision transporters bringing up the rear of the Date forces in the area between Fujita and Koori.
- 実は一連の欧化政策の背景を単なる「外国崇拝」ではなく、当時の極端に低い日本の国際的地位に明治政府が危機感を抱き、そのための手段を選ぶ余裕すらなかったという当時の状況を無視することは出来ない。
- In a very real sense, a background of a continuous policy of Europeanization was not merely 'the adoration of foreign countries' but also the measurable situation of the times, in which the Meiji Government felt a so srtong sense of danger for Japan's international status being extremely low at the time, that they could not take time to choose the means for improvement.
- とくにテレビ放送創生期に放送された「番頭はんと丁稚どん」が人気を博し、当時は丁稚・小僧の制度が消滅していたことも関連して、この様な奉公人をさすことばとして丁稚が全国的に通用するようになった。
- Banto and Decchi', which was televised in the early stage of TV broadcasting, became popular and the term, decchi became known nationwide as such a servant when the decchi or kozo system had already disappeared.
- 1966年から1980年にかけて、京都市左京区の「部落問題の中央センター」である文化厚生会館(府連書記局が設置されていた)の帰属を巡り、部落解放同盟京都府連合会と部落問題研究所の間で争われた。
- From 1966 to 1980, the Buraku Liberation League, Kyoto Federation and the Institute of Buraku Problem disputed over whether the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall belonged, which was regarded as 'the central center of Buraku problems' (where the Kyoto Federation's secretariat was located) in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.
- また第二次世界大戦の敗戦国である日本の場合、かつて戦時国際法上、個人に対する戦争被害を敗戦国が補償する義務がなく、また連合国側が軍票の支払い義務を免除したため、後に国際問題になったことがある。
- When Japan was defeated in World War II, according to the international law of war at that time, defeated countries were not required to compensate for individual war damage and the Allies exempted Japan from the payment, which led to an international problem.
- ただし、この時期においても愛知県春日井郡や石川県嶺北地方(現在は福井県)での反対闘争のように一揆の可能性を秘めながらも自由民権運動家などと連携して数年単位での合法的な反対闘争を続けた例もある。
- However, even in this period, some conflicts that took place in Kasugai County, Aichi Prefecture and Reihoku region, Ishikawa Prefecture (at present Fukui Prefecture), did have aspects of revolt but basically took a form of legal conflicts that lasted for several years in cooperation with those who were involved in Jiyu Minken Undo.
- 昭和20年(1945年)、第二次世界大戦後の連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指令に基づき、昭和20年(1945年)11月21日「治安警察法廃止等ノ件(昭和20年勅令第638号)」により廃止となる。
- In 1945, it was repealed by 'the order of the abolition of the Security Police Law (the Imperial Edict of 1945, no. 638)' on November 21 on the order of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) after the World War II.
- 寄せ集めの軍勢である豊臣方は緊密な連絡を取ることができず、後藤基次隊2,800は単独で小松山に進出してしまい、伊達政宗、水野勝成ら2万以上の敵勢に集中攻撃を受け、奮戦するも壊滅、基次は討死した。
- The Toyotomi side was a jumble of army forces and unable to have close contacts; Mototsugu GOTO troop of 2,800 soldiers advanced to Komatsuyama in its single troop, which was given a concentrated attack by troops of more than 20,000 soldiers of Masamune DATE, Katsunari MIZUNO and others and the troop fought hard only to be destroyed and Mototsugu was killed.
- それほど多いものではないという理由は、当時必要とされた武力は、京の治安維持、要人の護衛、受領として赴任する際に引き連れ、在庁官人を押さえる程度のものであり、大規模な争乱などほとんど無かったこと。
- The reason why it might not be as big was because military power required at that time was for sustaining the peace of Kyoto, guard a person upon request, followed as a retainer when one left a post due to zuryo, and arrest the Zaichokanjin (the local officials in the Heian and Kamakura periods), but there was hardly any turmoil.
- 府連側は,会館建設にあたり京都府・市をはじめとする行政当局からの補助金を受けるため、社団法人であった研究所を便宜的に前面に出したにすぎず、部落問題の総合センターとして会館が建設されたと主張した。
- The Kyoto Federation insisted, for the Hall construction, the Institute was just conveniently put on the forefront as an aggregate corporation to receive a subsidy from the government such as Kyoto Prefecture or Kyoto City since the Hall was built as a comprehensive center for Buraku problems.
- 前方後円墳には畿内から吉備国(山陽地方)、筑紫国(北部九州)など各地の墓制(→弥生時代の墓制)が採り入れられているため、これらの地域勢力が連合し統一的な政治勢力となったことの反映だとされている。
- The fact that keyhole-shaped mounds combine tomb styles from different regions, such as Kinai, Kibi Province (Sanyo region) and Chikushi Province (Northern Kyushu), is believed to be evidence that these regional powers formed an alliance and became one unified power.
- この年、全日本学生自治会総連合中央委員会は、「教授、職員学生の団結によって明るい学園を復興しよう」をスローガンとした「学園復興会議」を京都市の3大学を会場に5日間の予定で開催することを決定した。
- That year, the central committee of the Japan Students Autonomous Union planned to hold 'the Gakuen Fukko Kaigi' at three universities in Kyoto City for five days, with the slogan 'the Revival of Clean Universities by the Union of Professors, Staff, and Students.'
- 19時40分、三上少尉が連隊長官舎に駆け込み大滝平で後藤伍長を発見したことと雪中行軍が「全滅の模様」であること、2時間の捜索で「救助隊60余名中、約半数が凍傷で行動不可」となったことを知らせた。
- At 19:40, Junior Lieutenant Mikami ran into the official residence of regiment officers and informed them that they had found Corporal Goto near Otakidaira, all of the marching troop seem to be dead, and that about the half of 60 people of the rescue team had become incapacitated due to frostbite.
- しかし、文治的だった義隆政権を否定して軍事力強化に走った義長・晴賢連合の新政権は、大内家支配下にあった国人や諸大名への賦役を増大させたために、かえって反発を受けるなど領国統治に不安を抱えていた。
- However, since the new government of Yoshinaga-Harukata alliance which tried to enhance the military forces while denying the civilian Yoshitaka government increased slave labor to local lords and territorial lords under the rule of the Ouchi family, and it was rather resisted and experienced unsteadiness in ruling territory.
- 1898年に第2次松方内閣がこの構想を打ち出すと、政府と民党、あるいは地主・農村と商工業者の間で激しい議論を巻き起こすようになり、政党と藩閥の連携などの政界の構図を激変させる原因の1つとなった。
- When the Second Matsukata's cabinet proposed this policy in 1898, heated arguments erupted between the government and Minto or landowners and peasants against commercial and industrial men, which caused a radical change in the composition of the political world such as the cooperative relationships between political parties and domain cliques.
- 嘉吉の乱(かきつのらん)は、室町時代の嘉吉元年(1441年)に播磨国、備前国、美作国守護の赤松満祐が、六代征夷大将軍足利義教を暗殺し、領国播磨で幕府方討伐軍に敗れて討たれるまでの一連の騒乱である。
- Kakitsu War is referred to as a series of disturbances occurred in 1441, from when Mitsusuke AKAMATSU, a shugo (provincial constable) of the Harima Province, the Bizen Province, and the Mimasaka Province, assassinated Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, the 6th seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') to when he was defeated and killed by the punitive force of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in his own territory, Harima.
- この一文は、武士論を正面から展開する中でのものではなく、南北朝時代に武士の家が敵味方に分裂したことに関連してサラッと書かれた一文なのだが、しかしその後の武士・武士団研究に大きなインパクトを与えた。
- This was not included within the main part of the developed samurai theory, but a lightly stated sentence related to how the bushi families split into enemies and allies during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) that left a great impact in later bushi and bushidan studies since that time.
- という構成となっており、5-13条は全て儒学を扱う明経道に関連した項目である(そもそも、大学寮設置時には、後の明経道に相当する本科と算道に相当する算科しか事実上存在していなかったとみられている)。
- Articles 5 to13 were all related to Myogyodo that dealt with Confucianism (after all, it is thought that at the time of establishing Daigakuryo only a regular course corresponding to later Myokyodo and sanka corresponding to arithmetic virtually existed.
- 翌28日、姉川河原で織田信長・徳川家康の連合軍28,000(27,000、30,000とする説もあり)と、浅井・朝倉同盟軍18,000(17,000とする説もあり)が琵琶湖へ注ぐ姉川を挟んで戦った。
- The next day 9th, allied forces of 28,000 (a theory says they were 27,000 or 30,000) of Nobunaga ODA and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA fought with those of 18,000 (a theory says they were 17,000) of Azai and Asakura across Anegawa River emptying into Lake Biwa.
- 5月20日 (旧暦)夜、酒井忠次率いる東三河衆の他、織田軍・金森長近などの与力、また鉄砲500丁を持たせた計約3000名という連合軍の大部隊(『信長公記』によると約4000名)が、密かに豊川を渡河。
- During the night of July 18, the great allied forces, comprising the Migashimikawa army under Tadatsugu SAKAI, the yoriki (assistants to commanders) including Nagachika KANAMORI of the Oda force, and approximately 3,000 (or 4,000 men according to 'The Shinchoko-ki') with 500 teppo, crossed Toyo-gawa River in secret.
- 日本より高い削減目標を掲げた 欧州連合 などの西欧諸国が抑制に努めているのに対し、日本では +0.6% どころか +8% と増加しており、この状況になっても政府当局は効果的な対策を実施できずにいる。
- Western countries such as European Union, having a higher reduction target than Japan, aggressively promote the suppress of the emissions, while in Japan, the emissions amount increases not by +0.6% but by +8%, and in spite of facing such a situation, the government authority cannot take effective measures at present.
- 飛鳥・藤原の宮都とその関連資産群(あすか・ふじわらのきゅうととそのかんれんしさんぐん)は、国際連合教育科学文化機関の世界遺産(文化遺産)暫定リストへの追加掲載が決まった奈良県飛鳥にある史跡等の総称。
- Asuka-Fujiwara: Archaeological sites of Japan's Ancient Capitals and Related Properties is the generic term of archaeological sites in Asuka, Nara Prefecture and has been accepted to the World Heritage (cultural heritage) Tentative List of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
- これら一連の法律に基づいて、翌1900年初めから5年間(1904年まで)の期限付きで民間に残された政府発行紙幣・国立銀行発行紙幣の交換が行われ、流通していたこれらの紙幣の回収が完了することになった。
- Based on a series of these Acts, the government-issued paper money and the paper money issued by the national bank that were left for the public to use for a limited period of five years from early 1900 (to 1904) were replaced, and the collection of these notes in circulation was completed.
- かくして長保元年令は同2年・3年・4年と3年間に3度にわたる規定の強化と再施行を経て長期にわたって効力を有し、長元3年(1030年)にも長保年間の一連の新制を再確認する過差を禁じる禁制が出されている。
- Thus Chohogannenrei remained effective for a long time, after being reinforced and reissued three times in three years from 1000 to 1002, and a ban on luxury which reconfirmed a series of shinsei in the Choho era was issued in 1030.
- 朝田は三木府連だけでなく、同様に文化厚生会館に事務局を置いており三木と関係の深かった部落問題研究所や全国同和教育研究協議会(全同教)にも、一時府連が会館を管理すると告げ、事務局員を退去させる挙に出た。
- Asada told not only Miki Furen, but also the Institute of Buraku Problem, which was closely tied to Miki and had their office in the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall, and Zenkoku dowa kyoiku kenkyu kyogikai, the National Research Council for Dowa Education (Zendokyo) that the Kyoto Federation was temporarily in charge of the Hall, dismissing the staff from the Hall.
- 四道将軍の説話は単なる神話ではなく、豊城入彦命の派遣やヤマトタケル伝説などとも関連する王族による国家平定説話の一部であり、初期ヤマト王権による支配権が地方へ伸展する様子を示唆しているとする見解がある。
- According to one explanation, the story of Shido-shogun is not merely a myth but a part of a narrative of conquest of a country by members of the royal family associated with the dispatch of Toyokiirihikono-mikoto and the legend of Yamato Takeru, thus suggesting how the royal power of the early Yamato dynasty had expanded its hegemony.
- まず、原石(母岩石材)を輪切り状に大きく荒割りして打面を準備し、石核の素材をつくり出したのちに調整加工を加えて石核を作り、これを連続的に同一方向から加撃してほぼ同じ大きさの縦長剥片を打ちはがしていく。
- First, a raw stone (base rock material) is cracked roughly into round slices to prepare the preform for the lithic core, after which the raw material is processed to form a lithic core, which is then struck consistently from the same direction to remove all same-sized vertical lithic flakes from the core.
- 今日では世直しを求める側面や一揆の動機・目的・要求などに大きな差があること、全てが一揆の形態ではなく、自由民権運動との連携を通じた署名・意見書などの提出による合法的な反対闘争の存在などが分かっている。
- Recent studies show that some revolts had aspects of social reform; motives, purposes and requirements of the revolts varied; and some of them did not take a form of revolt but a form of legal conflict, such as submitting signatures and written opinions in cooperation with Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- つまり、官位の改定によって、大錦位(大氏)・小錦位(小氏)、つまり律令の四、五位以上に位置づけられる氏上をもつ氏を定めたものであり、これによって朝廷内の官位制度と全国の氏姓制度とを連動させようとした。
- In other words, in this edict Daikini (Ouji) and Shokini (Kouji) namely clans who had the clan head whose rank can be positioned more than the fourth rank and the fifth rank in the ritsuryo system were established; by this prescription the Emperor tried to interlock the official rank system in the Imperial Court and the system of clans and hereditary titles.
- 「米騒動」や「米騒擾」などと呼ばれた約50日間に渡る一連の騒動は最終的に、1道3府37県の計369ヶ所にのぼり、参加者の規模は数百万人を数え、出動した軍隊は3府23県にわたり10万人以上が投入された。
- A series of riots for about 50 days called 'Rice riot' or 'Rice civil disorder' eventually occurred in 369 places of 41 prefectures in total, for which millions of participants were counted, the armies were called out to 26 prefectures in total and more than 100,000 soldiers were put.
- 大宰府を日本最初の都城であるとする主張もわずかながら存在しているが、査読のある学術雑誌において肯定的に取り上げた学術論文は皆無であり、一般に九州王朝説及び関連する主張は科学的な学説とはみなされていない。
- Although there is a minor opinion that the Japan's first capital is Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region), there has been virtually no academic thesis which takes up this theory affirmatively in the scientific journals with peer review, and in general Kyushu dynasty theory and its related opinions are not considered as scientific theories.
- 大和絵の手法によって描かれた絵と詞書とを交互につらね、異時同図法によってあたかも映画を見るようにつぎつぎに展開する画面の連続は、世界の絵画史においても他にほとんど類例をみないきわめて日本的な形態である。
- Illustrations drawn in the method of Yamato-e painting (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura periods dealing with Japanese themes) and Kotobagaki are alternately placed and each frame is advanced as if it was a movie, using the compositional method; a method to show successive events within a unified background, which is a typical Japanese style with hardly no real precedent in international painting history.
- したがって、明治憲法に定められた改正手続きによって行われたのは便宜的・形式的なもので、実質的に日本国憲法は、改正ではなく「新たに制定」、両者の間の法的連続性は「実質的には無し」という解釈が取られている。
- So it meant that the constitutional amendment, which had been conducted following procedures defined by the Meiji Constitution (Constitution of the Empire of Japan), was merely expedient and perfunctory, and practically speaking, the Constitution of Japan was 'newly established,' not the amended version, and it had 'no substantial' legal continuity with the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- いわゆる貿易も、当初の頃はこういった行商で都市間を巡回していた商人らが担っており、これが交通・輸送技術の発達にも従い、より組織化され相互連結されて海外貿易などの極大な交易網に発展していったと考えられる。
- In the earliest years, merchants peddling from city to city had taken a role in so-called trade, so it is considered to be developed into massive trade routes including overseas trades after the routes were organized and connected each other according to the development of transport technologies.
- 参勤交代などの江戸幕府の公用のために行う大名行列は幕府によって人数が定められており、1万石の小大名でも50人から100人を引き連れることを義務付けられ、102万石の加賀藩では最盛期に4,000人に及んだ。
- Daimyo-gyoretsu which was carried on for public purpose of Edo bakufu such as Sankinkotai had a fixed number of attendants, so even small feudal lords with only ten thousands Goku crop yields were obligated to take fifty to one hundred attendants, and the number of Kaga domain with one million twenty thousands Goku crop yields reached four thousands attendants at its peak.
- 山東巡撫毓賢(いくけん)は、義和拳の攻撃対象がキリスト教関連施設に限定されていることをもって、彼らに同情的で、義和拳を取り締まろうとした平原県知県蒋楷を逆に罷免し、義和拳を団練として公認しようとすらした。
- Ikuken, who was the junbu (local government official) of Shandong Province and was sympathetic to Giwa Martial Art since their attacks targeted only institutions related to Christianity, dismissed 蒋楷, the government official of Pingyuan County in Shandong Province who tried to suppress the Boxers, and even tried to acknowledge Giwa Martial Art as a danren (a vigilance committee of local community).
- しかし、古代の海岸線を元に考察しても、有利となる場所の相互間のみで変化があるだけで連続説あるいは放射説の根本部分に大きな影響を与えるほどの学説ではないことから現在ではこの点に関しては問題とはされていない。
- However, even if you look at the possible locations on the basis of the ancient coastline, it is no longer a very influential part of the contiguous journey theory or the radial journey theory because it would imply only minor alterations to distances where likely locations are concerned (Kinai region and Kyushu), thus, it is not treated as an issue to be discussed anymore.
- 文明開化は、江戸時代を通じて連綿と続いてきた封建制色濃い日本文化が鎖国などの事情で飽和状態に達していた所に、政治体制の刷新にも伴い流入した西洋文明によって発生した日本での西洋文明の吸収・取り込み現象である。
- The civilization and enlightenment is the phenomenon of absorption and intake of Western civilization flew into Japan in parallel with the renovation of political system, during the time when the strongly feudalistic Japanese culture that had been unbrokenly continued throughout the Edo period was coming to the limits due to the isolationism and the like.
- 一方、九州説で用いられる「放射説」(放射読み)は、伊都国までは連続読みと同じだが、その先は伊都国から奴国、伊都国から不弥国、伊都国から投馬国、伊都国から邪馬台国というふうに、伊都国を起点にする読み方である。
- On the other hand, although 'the radial journey theory' (reading the journey radially), which is used in the Kyushu theory, takes the same route as the contiguous reading until the state of Ito, after that it takes Ito as the starting point, such as Ito to Na, Ito to Fumi, Ito to Toma, and Ito to Yamatai.
- 午前2時46分に山陽鉄道(現在の西日本旅客鉄道山陽本線)の福山駅に停車したところ、二等客車(二軸客車197号車)で、大日本帝国陸軍第12師団福岡連隊中隊長であった足立直躬大尉(当時45歳)が惨殺されていた。
- When the train stopped at Fukuyama station of the Sanyo Railway (currently JR West Sanyo Honsen) at 2:46 am, Senior Lieutenant Naomi ADACHI (45 years old) who was the commander of the Fukuoka regiment of the 12th division of the Japanese Imperial Army was found murdered in a 2nd grade car (two-axle four-wheel car, No. 197).
- 作成年代によって違いはあるものの、基本的な形態として平安京のある山城国を中心として、令制国を俵あるいは卵状(主として楕円もしくは円 (数学))に表して、これを連ねることで日本列島の大まかな輪郭を形成している。
- Different versions were produced in different periods, but as the basic format, the general outline of the Japanese archipelago was formed by arranging (partly overlaying each other) tawara (straw bags for rice) or oval shapes (mainly ellipses or circles) expressing ryoseikoku (provinces) centering around Yamashiro Province where Heian-kyo (ancient capital in current Kyoto).
- だが、朝倉氏との戦いは九頭竜川の戦いで敗れて逆に朝倉氏によって吉崎御坊は破壊された上に本願寺門徒への禁宗令が出され、蓮如以前からある数少ない末寺である超勝寺・本覚寺 (小松市)などは信者を連れて加賀に逃れた。
- However, Jitsunyo lost against the Asakura clan in the Battle of Kuzuryugawa, and the Asakura clan destroyed Yoshizaki Gobo in return and prohibited believing in the Ikko sect, so some of the few branch temples that had existed before Rennyo such as Chosho-ji Temple, Hongaku-ji Temple (in Komatsu City) escaped to Kaga with their followers.
- 高輪談判(たかなわだんぱん)とは、明治2年7月12日(1869年8月19日)に、東京高輪において開催された明治政府首脳とイギリス・フランス・アメリカ合衆国・イタリア・北ドイツ連邦の5ヶ国の駐日公使による会談。
- The Takanawa negotiation was a conference held by the the head of the Meiji Government and the ambassadors of England, France, United States of America, Italy, and Germany, in Takanawa, Tokyo Prefecture on August 19, 1869.
- 逆賊となり表向き武器の購入が不可能となっていた長州藩に変わって薩摩が武器を購入するなどの経済的な連携を経た後、慶応2年(1866年)正月、京都薩摩藩邸内で木戸孝允・西郷らが立ち会い、薩長同盟の密約が締結された。
- After some cooperative work, such as when Satsuma purchased weapons for the Choshu clan, who were officially regarded as a rebels and could not purchase them, both signed the secretive agreement to form an alliance at the Satsuma clan's residence in the presence of Takayoshi KIDO and Saigo in Kyoto in January 1866.
- 昭和37年6月21日、折からの大学管理制度改革(文部大臣(当時)による国立大学の学長選任権及び監督権を強化する内容が含まれていた)に対して反対するデモが、京都府学生自治会連合(京都府学連)の主宰により行われた。
- On June 21 in 1962, the student union of Kyoto Prefecture organized the demonstration against the reform of university management because it included more authority of the Ministry of Education (at the time) to assign and control the presidents of the national universities.
- やがて彼らの土地の保証は源氏、平家といった、貴種に連なる上級武家に委ねられ、下級、中級の武士は「給人」と呼ばれて、主君から恩給された土地の見返りに、平時、戦時における主君への軍事的奉仕を行う構造が出来上がった。
- Later, the higher ranking samurai families such as the Minamoto clan or the Taira family, which had relationships with persons of noble birth were entrusted to warrant the local nobles their developed lands, and a system was established in which middle and lower ranking samurai were called 'kyunin' who offered military services to the lord not only in peacetime but also in wartime in exchange for the land which the lord granted them as stipend.
- 旧来の臣・連・伴造(とものみやつこ)・国造(くにのみやつこ)という身分秩序にたいして、臣・連の中から天皇一族と関係の深いものだけを抽出し、真人・朝臣・宿禰の姓を与え、新しい身分秩序を作り出し、皇族の地位を高めた。
- While the old order of the social status was Omi, Muraji, Tomonomiyatsuko, and Kuninomiyatsuko, the Emperor Tenmu selected only the ones who had a close connection with imperial family from among Omi and Muraji, gave a new titles of Mahito, Asomi/Ason, and Sukune to them, created a new order of the social status, and raised the status of imperial family.
- 以前は唐の都の長安を模倣して作られたというのが一般的な定説であったが、先行する藤原京との密接な関係から現在は関連が疑われており、北魏洛陽などをモデルとした、日本独自の発展系ではないかという見方も有力となっている。
- Although it was a well established theory that the capital was modeled after Changan of Tang Dynasty, its relationship with Fujiwara-kyo, previously thought to be close, became questionable, and therefore another theory became accepted, which stated that Rakuyo in Northern Wei Dynasty was the inspiration, yet the development of the capital was unique to Japan.
- それは、臣と称する豪族は、蘇我氏・吉備氏など、一般に地名をウジの名とし、それぞれの地域を基盤とする首長であったのに対して、連と称した豪族は、大伴氏・物部氏など、トモとしての職掌を名にもつ伴造のウジとしたのである。
- Compared to the powerful clans who called themselves Omi, who generally used place names for their uji names, such as the Soga clan and Kibi clan and were chiefs who used their area as a base, those who called themselves Muraji had the uji name after the Tomonomiyatsuko who had the names of their official duties as a Tomo, such as the Otomo clan and Mononobe clan.
- 学者のあり方から妾の是非(男女同権論等)、哲学や信教の自由などの宗教論、文字改良論などの教育論、死刑廃止論等の社会問題関連、貨幣・貿易等の経済諸問題、はては妖怪の類まで、非常に広きにわたる論説・翻訳を扱っている。
- It dealt with articles and translations in wide areas, ranging from the style of scholar, right and wrong of concubine (feminism etc.), Philosophy, religious arguments including freedom of faith, educational arguments such as an opinion to improve letters, social problems such as the abolition of death penalty, economic problems such as currency and trades, to specters.
- 加藤内閣は陸軍4個師団の廃止や予算一億円の削減、有爵議員のうち、伯・子・男の数を150名に減らすなどの貴族院改革、幣原喜重郎の幣原外交によるソビエト連邦との国交樹立、普通選挙法の制定など、多くの改革が行なわれた。
- The KATO cabinet embarked on a wide range of reforms that included; the elimination of four army divisions and thereby the cut in the military budget by 100 million yen, the House of Peers reform involving the reduction of the count, viscount and baron members, among titled members, to 150, the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union based on the so-called Shidehara diplomacy by Kijuro SHIDEHARA, the enactment of the Universal Manhood Suffrage Law.
- これらの事業により、仏教に関連するものが多く発掘されたことから、これまで仏教に対して厳しい姿勢を取っていたと思われていた信長が実はかなり寛容であり、単に宗教と軍事とを分離しようとしていただけという説も出始めている。
- A lot of relics relating to the Buddhism were excavated by these projects, which established a new theory that in fact, Nobunaga was quite tolerant toward Buddhism and only tried to separate religion and military affairs, although he had long been believed to be strict in Buddhism.
- 尚、この上田合戦に連動して天正13年(1585年)9月から天正14年(1586年)5月まで間、沼田城にも北条氏が数回に渡って攻撃を仕掛けていたが、昌幸の叔父にあたる城代矢沢頼綱(矢沢頼康の父)が撃退に成功している。
- From October 1585 to June 1586, in conjunction with the Battle of Ueda, the Hojo clan attacked Numata-jo Castle several times, but Masayuki's uncle Jodai (the keeper of castle) Yoritsuna YAZAWA (father of Yoriyasu YAZAWA) succeeded to fight them off.
- 弥生時代後期に倭国王だった卑弥呼を中心とする政治勢力(邪馬台国)が各地の勢力を服属させ、もしくは各地の勢力と連合してヤマト王権を築いたとする説のほか、邪馬台国を滅ぼした別の勢力がヤマト王権となったとする説などがある。
- Some theories claim that the political power led by Himiko (Yamataikoku) either brought other regional powers under its control or allied with them and established the Yamato Kingdom; others believe that a different political power destroyed Yamataikoku and established the Yamato Kingdom.
- s気候変動に関する国際連合枠組条約の京都議定書3で定められており、土地利用・土地利用変化及び林業部門 (LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry) 活動とも呼ばれる。
- In Kyoto Protocol of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, it is called Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF).
- 証如は石山御坊を「石山本願寺」と改めて、新たな根拠地として蓮淳に代わって門徒達を指揮していた下間頼秀・頼盛兄弟に防戦を命じたが、続いて富田教行寺が攻め落とされて石山本願寺もまた細川・六角・法華一揆連合軍に包囲された。
- Shonyo renamed Ishiyama Gobo 'Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple' and made it his new foothold, and ordered Raishu and Raisei SHIMOTSUMA who were taking command in place of Renjun, to defend the temple, but Tomita Kyogyo-ji Temple was captured and Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple was surrounded by the allied army of Hosokawa, Rokkaku, and the Hokke-Ikki army.
- それに対して、韓国・北朝鮮とも日韓併合条約は違法に結ばれた条約であるから同・条約と関連する条約のすべてが当初から違法・無効であり、日本の朝鮮領有にさかのぼってその統治がすべて違法・無効であるという立場を崩していない。
- Contrary to that, both South and North Korea have maintained the stance that the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty and all the related treaties were illegal and invalid from the beginning, and the Japanese rule, extending back to its occupation of Korea, was totally illegal and invalid, because the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty was illegally concluded.
- 当時、国際法の規範的影響力において、武力による国際問題解決が問題視されるのは1919年のヴェルサイユ条約からであり、国家への脅迫が禁止されのは1945年の国際連合憲章が始まったのが国際法規範の機能面における実態である。
- It was since the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 that settling of international issues by force has been seen as a problem under a normative influence of international law, and it was after the beginning of the United Nations Charter of 1945 that threatening against a state was forbidden – those are realities of functional operation of the norm of the international law at that time.
- 中世ヨーロッパにおける神秘主義の中には、そういった商人の作り上げた嘘が真に受けられたと考えられる物品も数多く伝わっており、例えば「ウニコール」(イッカクの牙)がユニコーンの伝説と関連付けられ、解毒薬として流通していた。
- In mysticism of the Medieval Period of Europe, many goods with lies spread, which were created by merchants and thought to be accepted, for example, 'Unicorne' (fangs of unicorns) circulated as antidotes, related to a legend of unicorns.
- またこの時期に相次いで起こった自然災害、すなわち元禄地震、東海・南海・東南海連動型地震および宝永の大噴火被害による幕府の財政逼迫も、銭座からの運上による利益を目的とする大銭すなわち寳永通寳鋳造に至らしめた一因といえる。
- The financial crisis of bakufu caused by natural disasters occurred one after another in this period such as Genroku Earthquake and Tokai, Nankai, Tonankai Consolidated Type Earthquake as well as damage by great eruption (of Mt.Fuji) in Hoei era was one of the reasons for minting ozeni (type of coin), or kaneitsukan, to make profit from zeniza.
- 賄賂の横行や罷免された荻原重秀の独断専行を目の当たりにしていた新井は先に荻原が廃止した勘定吟味役を正徳2年(1712年)に再度設置し、杉岡能連、萩原美雅(ともにのち勘定奉行)を任命し、勘定所自体の綱紀の引き締めを図った。
- Since Arai witnessed widespread bribery and arbitrary decision and execution by Shigehide OGIWARA who was dismissed, Arai revived Kanjoginmiyaku in 1712 that was abolished by Ogiwara earlier and assigned Yoshitsura SUGIOKA and Yoshimasa OGIWARA (both of them became kanjo bugyo [commissioner of finance] later) and strived for tightening up the official discipline in the finance ministry.
- 九州制覇を目指す島津義久は、天正14年(1586年)に入ると豊後侵攻 (島津氏)を開始し、12月には戸次川の戦いで豊臣・大友連合軍を撃破し、大友義統は島津氏の勢威を恐れて豊前国に逃亡し、豊後はほぼ島津氏の支配下に入った。
- Aiming to conquer Kyushu, Yoshihisa SHIMAZU launched an invasion of Bungo in 1586 and defeated the Toyotomi and Otomo allies in the Battle of Hetsugigawa in January 1587, on which occasion Yoshimune OTOMO fled to Buzen Province in fear of the power of the Shimazu clan, virtually leaving Bungo in control of the Shimazu clan.
- 9月26日_(旧暦)、加賀国手取川において朝倉教景(宗滴)・賀州三ヶ寺連合軍が本願寺軍を一旦は破るものの、11月の津幡の戦いでは逆に本願寺側の反撃によって畠山家俊らが討ち死にして潰滅し、賀州三ヶ寺最後の光教寺も陥落した。
- On November 5, around the Tedori River in Kaga Province, the allied troops of Norikage (Soteki) ASAKURA and Gashu Sanka-ji Temples once defeated the troops of Hongan-ji Temple, but in the Battle of Tsubata in November the counterattack by Hongan-ji Temple's side killed Ietoshi HATAKEYAMA and annihilated his troops and Kokyo-ji Temple, the last temple of Gashu Sanka-ji Temples was captured.
- こうした土偶の使用の地域性について藤尾は、ブナ、ナラ、クリ、トチノキなどの落葉性堅果類を主食とした地域(つまりこれら落葉樹林に覆われていた地域)と、西日本を中心とした照葉樹林帯との生業形態の差異と関連づけて説明している。
- Fujio explains that the regionality of the earthen figure use might be related to the difference in the main food supplies available in the regions, the difference between the regions where the main food supplies were the nuts, beech, oak, chestnut and buckeye etc., from the deciduous trees (that is, these regions covered with deciduous forests) and the regions covered with laurel forests in much of the western Japan.
- イギリスに香港島を割譲、九竜・新界租借地、威海衛租借地を与え、ロシアに旅順大連租借地(後に日本が譲渡され関東州租借地)や東清鉄道利権を与え、ドイツに膠州湾租借地を、フランスに広州湾租借地を与えた他、日本に台湾を割譲した。
- Hong Kong Island was ceded to Great Britain, and Kowloon, the New Territories, and Weihaiwei were leased to this nation; the Lushun and Dalian Leased Territory (later ceded to Japan and renamed the Kwantung Leased Territory) was leased to Russia, and interests in the Eastern Chinese Railway were given to this nation; the Gouzhouwan Leased Territory was leased to Germany; the Kwangchowan Leased Territory was leased to France; and Taiwan was ceded to Japan.
- 同族のなかの特定の者が、臣(おみ)、 連(むらじ)、伴造(とものみやつこ)、国造(くにのみやつこ)、百八十部(ももあまりやそのとも)、県主(あがたぬし)などの地位をあたえられ、それに応ずる氏姓を賜ったところに特色がある。
- The characteristic of this system of clans and hereditary titles is that a specific person within the same extended family was given a position which included Omi, Muraji, Tomo no miyatsuko, Kuni no miyatsuko, Momo amari yaso no tomo and Agata-nushi, and the Imperial Court granted the clan name and the hereditary title that corresponded each position.
- 660年(斉明天皇6年)に唐・新羅連合軍の攻撃によって百済が攻め滅ぼされたのち、百済の遺臣は、鬼室福信・黒歯常之らを中心として百済復興の兵をあげ、倭国に滞在していた百済王の太子扶余豊璋を擁立しようと、倭国に救援を要請した。
- In 660, after Kudara was destroyed by the Silla-Tang allied forces, Fukushin KISHITSU and Joshi KOKUSHI led the surviving members of Kudara to take up arms for Kudara's restoration, and sought help from Wakoku to enthrone the King of Kudara, Prince Fuyo Hosho, who was residing there at the time.
- いまや徹底した反共主義の持ち主であった朴は在日本朝鮮人連盟(朝連、在日本朝鮮人総聯合会の前身)への参加を避け、1946年10月に在日本大韓民国民団の前身となる在日本朝鮮居留民団を結成し、初代団長を1949年2月まで勤めた。
- Bokuretsu who came out of prison as a committed anticommunist did not join Zai Nihon Chosenjin Renmei (present-day, Chongryon or General Association of Korean Residents in Japan) but formed Zai Nihon Chosen Kyoryumindan (present-day, Mindan or Korean Residents Union in Japan) in October 1946 and presided as the first organization head until February 1949.
- 古代朝鮮三国時代 (朝鮮半島)の百済復興のための新羅・唐連合軍との白村江における敗戦、元 (王朝)朝およびそれに服属する高麗による元冦と豊臣秀吉の朝鮮出兵を除けば、これらの三国間で日本が関係した戦争は歴史上きわめて少ない。
- Historically, there were just a few wars among three countries that Japan was involved in, except for a defeat in Hakusonko (Battle of Baekgang) in the battle with Silla-Tang allied forces over the revival of Baekje during the three Kingdoms period (of Korean history) of ancient Korea, Genko (Mongol Invasions of Japan) by Yuan (Dynasty) and Goryeo under its control, and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's invasion of Korea.
- 永原慶二によれば、武士団が成立した12世紀から南北朝時代にかけての在地領主の軍事力は、同族的なイエを単位とするものであり、数十人から200人程度の兵力が単位軍団であり、大地域の軍事的統領はこうしたイエ軍団の連合を組織した。
- Keiji NAGAHARA stated that military power of the bushi lord of a manor from the twelfth century to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) when the formed bushidan had a house of the same clan as its unit and the army unit cohort consisted of several dozen to two hundred military forces, and many militaristic conquest of a vast area structured the union of house army.
- これにより皇后や皇子を支持基盤にもつ蘇我氏が有利になり、また天皇が生前、「仏教を敬うように」といった詔があったこともあり、先代の敏達天皇の皇后(用明天皇の姉。後の推古天皇)の命により蘇我氏及び連合軍は物部守屋に攻め込んだ。
- This helped the Soga clan which was gaining strong support from the Empress and the Prince and, following the decree made by the Emperor while still alive asking to respect Buddhism, the Soga clan and the allied forces attacked Moriya as ordered by the Empress of the former Emperor Bidatsu (the older sister of the Emperor Yomei and later the Empress Suiko).
- また、弘仁3年(812年)に紀伝博士在任のまま大学助に任命された勇山文継は、その半年前に初めて連の姓を受けていることから、白丁(庶民あるいはそれに近い身分)のまま大学寮に入ってその教官の地位に就いていたものと考えられている。
- Meanwhile, ISAYAMA no Fumitsugu was appointed as daigaku no suke (Assistant Director of the Bureau of Education) in 812 during his service as kiden hakase, but he was granted for the first time the kabane (hereditary title) of muraji (one of the ancient Japanese hereditary titles denoting rank and political standing) six months before that, and from this we can assume that he had entered the daigakuryo as hakucho (ordinary people or something similar) and had the position of a professor there.
- 株仲間における事務所・集会所を会所と呼称し、役員や事務職員などが詰めて共有財産の管理や外部との交渉、所属商人との連絡や管理、重要決定を定める会合の招集、商品の品質検査など、株仲間や所属商人、取扱商品に関する管理などを行った。
- An office or a gathering place for kabunakama (a merchant guild) was called 'kaisho,' and the officers or clerical staff who were stationed there carried out management of the guild, its member merchants and dealing commodities, including the management of common properties, negotiations with outside parties, communication and management of its member merchants, organization of meetings for crucial decisions, quality check of commodities, etc.
- 7月、レンジャー養成訓練中だった青森駐屯第5普通科連隊の訓練生15人、教官ら8人の計23人が、八甲田温泉近くの田代平牧場入口付近のくぼ地で相次いでガス中毒様の症状で倒れ、12人が病院に運ばれ内3名が死亡する惨事が起きている。
- In July, 15 trainees and 8 instructors, 23 in total, of the fifth Infantry Regiment of Aomori post fell on a low-lying depression at the entrance of Tashirodaira farm near Hakkoda hot spring with gas poisoning-like symptoms during the training of rangers, and 12 of them were carried to hospital, of whom 3 died.
- 麻呂が藤原四兄弟で一番年下だったこと、兄たちよりも子女の数が少なかった(しかも早世者も多かった)ことに加え、唯一参議に昇った藤原浜成が氷上川継の乱に連座して流罪になったことで、一族全体の政治生命が絶たれてしまったためである。
- The reason is that Maro was the youngest of Fujiwara four brothers and had less number of children (and many of them suffered of premature death), as well as that FUJIWARA no Hamanari, the only person in Kyoke to be appointed to sangi (councilor), was exiled because of his implication in HIKAMI no Kawatsugu's War, which put an end to the political life of the Kyoke family.
- まず、同年12月に開催が予定されていた「郵政局(郵政関連の中央官庁で、一部で言われるような「中央郵便局」等ではない)」の開庁祝賀パーティーの際、会場から少し離れたところに放火を行い、その後、混乱の中で高官を倒し守旧派を一掃。
- First, at the celebration party for opening the 'Post Bureau (not a 'Central Post Office' as some say but a central government office involved in postal services)' scheduled in December of that year, fire was to be set at some distance from the venue so that they could overthrow the high officials in the confusion to eliminate the Conservative Party.
- いずれの大隊も10箇小隊、各小隊約200名で、計約2,000名からなっていたが、加治木外4郷から募兵し、後に六番・七番大隊と呼ばれた独立大隊(連合大隊)は2大隊合計約1,600名で、他の大隊に比べ人員も少なく装備も劣っていた。
- Each battalion consisted of 10 platoons, each of which consisted of about 200 soldiers, thus, each battalion consisted of about 2000 soldiers in all; exceptionally, the separate battalion (combined battalion), which had soldiers recruited from Kajiki and four other villages, consisted of about 1600 in all, which was less and armed poorer than each of the other battalions and was divided into the 6th and 7th battalions later.
- また、第四次川中島合戦に関して『浄興寺文書』(信州水内郡長沼にあった寺に伝わる文章、現在の浄興寺は場所が異なる)と言う文章に川中島合戦に関連する一節があり、そこには永禄4年9月28日、合戦の折に寺が戦火にあった旨の記述がある。
- Concerning the fourth battle of Kawanakajima, 'Joko-ji Temple Monjo' (a document remaining in a temple having located in Naganuma, Shinshu-Mizuguchi County; present Joko-ji Temple is located at a place different from this site) includes a section related to the Battle of Kawanakajima, and it is described that the temple was damaged by fires in a battle on November 5 (in the old calendar), 1561
- 近現代では、ジェームズ・チャーチワードが一連のムー大陸関連書で基礎史料として引用した「ナーカル」という粘土板が架空の来歴に基づく偽書だったのではないかと疑われている例(ジェームズ・チャーチワード主張)などを挙げることができる。
- In the modern and present-day eras, the ckay tablet called ' Narcal,' which was quoted by James Churchward as a basic historical material in his book related to 'Continent of MU,' is suspected to be a gisho of fictitious origin (James Churchward insists).
- 後藤基次・毛利勝永も真田案を元に伊賀国と大津市北西にも兵を送り、敵を足止めすべしと主張して対立したが、結局、大野治長ら豊臣家臣の案である、周辺に砦を築きつつ(警戒・連絡線を確保する為)、堅固な大坂城に籠城する作戦が採用された。
- Mototsugu GOTO/Katsunaga MORI, basing their strategy on Sanada's, also insisted that they should send troops to Iga Province and the north-west region of Otsu City to stop the enemies from advancing; however, after all, the strategy of Harunaga ONO and other Toyotomi retainers was adopted, that they should build strongholds around the castle (in order to secure a guard/communication line), stay in the impregnable Osaka Castle.
- これを聞いた薩軍の野村忍介は植木にいた隊を引き連れて鳥巣に向かい、挽回しようと奮戦するが、結局、この日一日では決着はつかず、4月7日に官軍がこの地に一旦見切りをつけ、古閑を先に攻略しようとしたことにより、一時的に休戦状態になった。
- In response to the report, the Satsuma army's Oshisuke NOMURA in Ueki led his troop to Torisu to restore the area but the battle was not decided on the day; on April 7, the battle over the area was suspended once, since the government army temporarily gave up the area to capture Koga first.
- 八色の姓(やくさのかばね)とは、天武天皇が684年(天武13)に新たに制定した真人(まひと) 朝臣(あそみ・あそん) 宿禰(すくね) 忌寸(いみき)道師(みちのし) 臣(おみ) 連(むらじ) 稲置(いなぎ)の八つの姓の制度のこと。
- Yakusa no Kabane refers to the system of eight titles newly established by the Emperor Tenmu in 684; the eight titles were Mahito, Asomi/Ason, Sukune, Imiki, Michinoshi, Omi, Muraji, and Inagi.
- 欧化主義(おうかしゅぎ)とは、1880年代の日本において、明治政府が日本の文物・制度・風俗・習慣をヨーロッパ風にして欧米諸国に日本の近代化を認めてもらおうとして採った政策(欧化政策)とこれに関連して盛んに行われた思潮・風俗の動き。
- Europeanism is a policy (a policy of Europeanization) which the Meiji Government implemented to make an impression on Western countries by modernizing Japan, that is to say, by Europeanizing Japanese things, regulations, folkways, and customs in Japan in 1880s, and an active movement of thought and folkways of the times related to the policy.
- 他に70年代から80年代の主な説に、倭国からの単なる使者とした説(請田正幸)、伽耶地方の首長連合による対倭国外交機関とする説(奥田尚)、百済による伽耶地方統治のための機関で倭系百済官人・倭系傭兵がいたとする説(金鉉球)などがある。
- Other major theories in the 1970s and 80s regarded Mimana Nihon-fu as just an envoy from Wakoku (Masayuki UKEDA), or as a diplomatic institution for Wakoku established by the combination of chiefs of Gaya region (Hisashi OKUDA), or as a governing institution for Gaya region set up by Baekje, which employed Japanese officials and troops there (Kim Hyun-koo).
- 文化厚生会館事件(ぶんかこうせいかいかんじけん)とは、部落解放同盟京都府連合会が、朝田善之助を委員長とし、同盟中央が認めた組織(朝田府連)と、三木一平を委員長とし、日本共産党が支援する組織(三木府連)に分裂したことに端を発した紛争。
- The Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall Affair is a conflict that started with the Buraku Liberation League, Kyoto Federation being divided into two groups, one (Asada Furen, Asada faction's Federation) with Zennosuke ASADA as a chairman, approved by the Headquarter of the Buraku Liberation League and the other (Miki Furen, Miki faction's Federation) with Ippei MIKI as a chairman, supported by the Japanese Communist Party.
- 老中の阿部正喬、井上正岑、久世重之、戸田忠真は直ちに審議し、吉元の請願通り元次の隠居では済ませず、徳山藩の改易、元次の新庄藩お預け、嫡子・百次郎、次男・三次郎(後の毛利広豊)及び幸姫(毛利元連室)らは萩藩にお預けすることを決定した。
- Masataka ABE, Masamine INOUE, Shigeyuki KUZE, and Tadazane TODA, all at the Roju post (the second highest post in the bakufu government), immediately deliberated about the matter, and decided the following: The problem could not be settled in Mototsugu's resignation from the post as Yoshimoto's request in the petition; The Tokuyama domain should be abolished, Mototsugu should be taken care of by the Shinjo domain, and Momojiro, his heir, Sanjiro (later Hirotoyo MORI), his second son, and Kohime (a wife of Mototsura MORI) should be taken care of by the Hagi domain.
- しかしながら工場等が企業努力により削減量を積み重ねてきたという言い分によって日本経団連などが強く反対し、また当団体などが盛んに行っている政府与党へのロビー活動等の影響力もあり、環境税への理解が浸透せず、未だに実現の目処も立っていない。
- However, Japan Federation of Employers' Associations strongly opposes the tax, saying that the reduction amounts have been accumulated by corporate efforts at factories and so on, and the Associations and the like actively lobby the governing party; thus the understanding for environmental taxes has not spread enough so that the introduction of the tax is not yet in sight.
- 保守革命(ほしゅかくめい、Konservative Revolution)とは、ドイツの思想史家のアルミン・モーラー (Armin Mohler) がヴァイマル共和政時代の、非ナチス的でナショナリズム的な一連の思想に与えた総称である。
- The Conservative Revolution (Konservative Revolution) is a general name that Armin Mohler, a German intellectual historian, gave to a set of anti-Nazi and nationalist intellectual trends during the Weimar Republic.
- 一、伴天連其知恵之法を以 心さし次第に檀那を持候と被思召候へは 如右日域之仏法を相破事曲事候条 伴天連儀日本之地ニハおかされ間敷候間 今日より廿日之間に用意仕可帰国候 其中に下々伴天連に不謂族(儀の誤りか)申懸もの在之ハ 曲事たるへき事
- 1. The missionaries held temples' supporters with their wits as they desired and destroyed the Buddhist law, therefore, they should not be allowed in the land of Japan, and should prepare to leave and return to their country within twenty days from this day, and also those who harm the missionaries during this period shall be punished.
- 日本側は連合艦隊司令長官伊東祐亨中将率いる旗艦「松島 (巡洋艦)」以下8隻と第一遊撃隊司令長官坪井航三少将率いる旗艦「吉野 (防護巡洋艦)」以下4隻であるのに対して、清国艦隊は丁汝昌提督率いる「定遠」「鎮遠」等14隻と水雷艇4隻であった。
- The Japanese force consisted of the flagship 'Matsushima' led by Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet Lieutenant General Yuko ITO and another eight warships as well as the flagship 'Yoshino' led by the commander of the first commando unit Major General Kozo TSUBOI and other four warships, while the Qing consisted of the'Dingyuan' and the 'Chen Yuen' led by Adminaral Jyosho TEI and other 14 torpedo boats.
- 一般に「川中島の戦い」と言った場合、最大の激戦であった第4次合戦(永禄4年9月9日 (旧暦)(1561年10月17日)から9月10日 (旧暦)(10月18日))を指すことが多く、一連の戦いを甲越対決として区別する概念もある(柴辻俊六による)。
- When the term of 'the Battle of Kawanakajima' is used, it mostly indicates the fourth one (from October 17, 1561 to October 18, 1561), which was the fiercest one of them, and the series of battles are differentiated from the Battle of Kawanakajima (according to Shunroku SHIBATSUJI) as confrontations between Kai and Echigo.
- 言い換えれば、当時相当先進的な内容であった大日本帝国憲法をもってしても自由民権運動の真意がかなえられる事は無く、1945年の太平洋戦争敗北後に、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部が行なった民主化政策でしか自由民権運動の成果は結実しえなかったのである。
- In other words, the then fairly progressive Constitution of the Empire of Japan could not achieve the real aim of the movement and they had to wait to be fully realized in the democratization, which was prompted by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) after Japan's defeat in the Pacific War in 1945.
- 長篠の戦い(ながしののたたかい、長篠の合戦・長篠合戦とも)は、天正3年5月21日 (旧暦)(1575年6月29日)、三河国長篠城(現愛知県新城市長篠)をめぐり、織田信長・徳川家康連合軍3万8000と武田勝頼軍1万5000との間で行われた戦い。
- The Battle of Nagashino is a battle fought on June 29, 1575 between the Nobunaga ODA - Ieyasu TOKUGAWA allied forces of 38,000 soldiers and the Katsuyori TAKEDA forces of 15,000 men over Nagashino-jo Castle in Mikawa Province (current Nagashino, Shinshiro City, Aichi Prefecture).
- 更にこうした一連の遣り取りが内外に伝わると2月28日には横浜居留地の商人たちが会合を開いて明治政府に贋貨によって生じた損害賠償を求める事を決議し、更に一部の商人が今後の回収に期待して暴落した贋貨を買い占めるなど様々な思惑が動き出し始めていた。
- Furthermore, when this series of exchange spread around Japan and foreign countries, people began to move on their various ideas, for example, merchants of Yokohama settlement held a meeting on February 28, and decided to seek compensation from the Meiji Government for the damage caused by counterfeit money, or some merchants started to buy up the counterfeit money which had slumped anticipating the next recall.
- これにつき『福沢諭吉書簡集』の編集委員であった西川俊作は「この短い(およそ2,000字の)論説一篇をもって、彼を脱亜入欧の「はしり」であると見るのは短絡であり、当時の東アジア三国のあいだの相互関連を適切に理解していない見方である」と指摘する。
- For this, Shunsaku NISHIKAWA, a staff writer of the 'Fukuzawa Yukichi Shokanshu' (Collection of letters of Yukichi FUKUZAWA) pointed out that 'Judging Fukuzawa as the 'initiator' of the 'Datsu-A Nyu-O' (Leave Asia, Enter Europe) movement from a part of this short (about 2000-character) editorial is too shortsighted and it is a view from someone who does not properly understand the relationship among the three countries of East Asia at that time.'
- 三大事件建白運動・大同団結運動では旧自由党系と連携して民党の一翼を担うが、大同団結運動の失敗と1888年の大隈の第1次伊藤内閣の外務大臣 (日本)入閣(黒田内閣でも留任)によって大隈の条約改正案を支持したことにより自由党との関係は再び微妙になる。
- Although the Constitutional Progressive party still played an important role in some cases, along with the Liberal party (both parties acknowledged each other and were referred as people's parties at the time), such as taking actions to present petitions for the three major cases, and advocating a movement to unite for a common purpose, but both parties eventually couldn't get along with each other when they failed the movement to unite, and the Constitutional Progressive party supported a proposal to revise a treaty that Okuma presented as foreign minister of the first Ito government in 1888 (he became foreign minister under the Kuroda government as well).
- この時革命を起こそうと考えた者の武装やヤクザの抗争の影響でより一層武器の取締りが厳しくなり、特に銃器関連を所持するには銃器にもよるが、数ヶ月期間の審査が必要であり、少なくとも暴力行為を前提に銃器を合法的に所持するのは日本では事実上不可能になった。
- Since those who planned revolutions bore arms and gangs (yakuza) started conflicts, the law was reinforced and a several month examination (the period depends on the kind of firearms) was required to possess a firearm-related weapon, making the legal possession of firearms for the purpose of violence virtually impossible in any event in Japan.
- 正税帳は民部省主税寮において勘会(監査)を受けて、関連資料との数値の不一致や未納・欠損が生じていないことが確認されると、民部省から正税帳使に託する形で返抄(請取書・領収書)が送付され、問題がある場合には正税帳は正税返却帳を添えられて送り返された。
- Once kankai (audit) had been done at Shuzeiryo (Bureau of Taxation) of Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) to make sure there was no digital inconsistency, unpaid or deficit compared to the related material, Minbusho issued and handed over the hensho (a document as receipts, but also as proof of delivery or transport when presented goods and paid money to government office) to Shozeichoshi, or if there was any problem, shozeicho was sent back along with shozei henkyakucho.
- 1990年代になると伽耶研究の対象が従来の金官伽耶・任那加羅(いずれも金海地区)の倭との関係だけではなく、井上説を支持する田中俊明 (朝鮮史)の提唱になる大伽耶連盟の概念により、高霊地域の大伽耶を中心とする伽耶そのものの歴史研究に移行していった。
- From the 1990s, the study of Gaya targeted not only the relationship between Wa and Geumgwan Gaya or Mimana Gaya (in Gimhae District) as in the past, but also the history of Gaya itself, which centered Dae Gaya in Goryeong region, inspired by the concept of Dae Gaya confederacy proposed by Toshiaki TANAKA (Korean history) who supported Inoue's theory.
- 陸奥は政権参画を目指して現実的な政策転換を進める彼らと連携することによって、三国干渉に屈して関税自主権を回復できなかった陸奥外交を「軟弱」と糾弾する硬六派の圧力を斥けて、パワー・ポリティックスに基づいた冷静な分析に基づいた外交政策を追及・推進した。
- By collaborating with them who were pushing for realistic changes in government policy, aiming at participation in the administration, Mutsu dismissed the pressure by the hard-line six parties who condemned Mutsu diplomacy 'weak-kneed' because he yielded to the Triple Intervention and couldn't recover the tariff autonomy, then pursued and promoted the foreign policy with level-headed analysis based on the power politics.
- 1869年 旧会津藩の武器御用商人だったジョン・シュネルが、旧会津藩士ら約40名ほど(詳細な記録がないため正確な人数は不明)を連れ、明治政府に無許可でカリフォルニア州ゴールド・ヒルに移住、茶と養蚕を目的とした「若松コロニー」を作るが、僅か2年で頓挫。
- In 1869, without any permission from the Meiji Government, John SCHNELL, a merchant of weapons for the former Aizu Domain, led about 40 immigrants including former feudal retainers of the domain to Gold Hill in California and built the 'Wakamatsu Colony' for tea and sericulture production, which ended in failure after two years.
- そのため、1918年に、日本の統治権が及ぶ各地域間の法令の適用範囲の確定及び連絡統一を目的とする共通法(大正7年法律第39号)(1918年4月17日施行)が制定された(2005年現在も廃止の措置は採られていないが、事実上失効していると解されている)。
- Therefore, the Common law (Act No.39 of 1918) was enacted and came into effect on April 17, 1918 to determine the application range of the laws in these regions where Japan held sovereignty and to integrate those laws (As of 2005, no official measure has been taken to abolish the said Common law, but it is considered practically invalid).
- その成果のひとつは、戦争中の1904年8月にアムステルダムで開催された第二インターナショナルの第6回大会で、片山潜とロシア代表のゲオルギー・プレハーノフがともに副議長に選出されて会議場で握手を交わし、社会主義者の国境を越えた連帯と協力を確認したことである。
- One of the results was that Sen KATAYAMA and the Russian representative, Georgii PLEKHANOV, were elected as vice-chairmen and shook their hands in the 6th convention of the Second International held in Amsterdam during the war in August, 1904 and then they confirmed socialist's solidarity and cooperation across the border.
- 日本美術史(にほんびじゅつし)とは、日本の美術の流れ、様式の変遷、各時代の代表的な作品や作家の研究、相互の影響関係、作品や作家を生んだ時代背景(政治、経済、信仰、風俗、社会、文学などとの関連)などについて述べたもの、またはそうした分野を研究する学問のこと。
- 'Nihon bijutsu-shi' refers to the chronological explanation - or the academic field - of Japanese art history, such as the trend of Japanese art, the transition of its style, the research of the representative works and artists in each period, their mutual influence, and the historical background of the works and artists - that is, the works' and artists' relation with Japanese politics, economy, religion, customs, society, literature and others.
- 以前には評に所属していた見られる郡稲との関係やそれ以前から続く屯倉との関連性については様々な学説が出ており、屯倉や国造領に納められていた租税や出挙、評稲などが大化改新以後に再編される過程で大税と郡稲に統合・分離したと考えられるということ以外には不明である。
- It is not clear, despite the various theories, about its connection to gunto (rice stored in a county) that used to belong to kori (provincial administrative organization), and the relation to miyake (a governing system in Yamato sovereignty [the ancient Japan sovereignty]) that was older than the first, but it can be considered that land tax, suiko and hyoto (rice in kori) stored in miyake and Kuninomiyatsuko-ryo (territory of the heads of local governments) were integrated or separated into taizei and gunto in the process of reorganization after the Taika Reforms.
- 1924年 埴原正直駐米大使の書簡により連邦議会が排日に傾き、5月の合衆国移民法1924 (排日移民法)成立により、正式には7月1日以降、実質的には6月24日、移民船「シベリア丸」でサンフランシスコ港に到着した移民を最後に日本人の移民が全面的に禁止される。
- In 1924, due to the letter from Masanao HANIHARA, the U.S. Congress took on a hostile attitude toward Japanese, and the Immigration Act, 1924 (Japanese Exclusion Act) passed in May, and officially after July 1st, though in reality from June 24th onwards, Japanese immigration was totally banned and those who arrived in San Francisco Harbor on the 'Siberia' were the last Japanese immigrants to the U.S.
- 金村は継体天皇を迎え入れた功績があり、また任那の運営を任されており、武烈、継体、安閑天皇、宣化天皇、欽明天皇の5代にわたって大連を務めたが、欽明天皇の時代に百済へ任那4県を割譲したことの責任を問われ失脚し、摂津国住吉郡(現大阪市住吉区帝塚山)の邸宅に篭る。
- Kanamura was credited with the reception of Emperor Keitai, was appointed to govern Mimana, and was serving as Oomuraji during the reigns of 5 different emperors--Emperors Buretsu, Keitai, Ankan, Senka and Kinmei but, upon being ousted from power on the accusation of ceding 4 prefectures within Minama to Kudara in the reign of Kinmei, he hid himself in his home in Sumiyoshi County, Settsu Province (present-day Tedzukayama, Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka City).
- のちに同法は廃止されたが、廃止理由は、東京都が首都でなくなったからではなく、あくまで同法の目的(首都の建設)が達成され、整備の対象を「首都」から「首都とその周辺地域」に広げるための発展的なものであり、後継の首都圏整備法とは連続性、一体性を有するものである。
- Although this law was abolished later, it was not because Tokyo ceased to be the capital, but because the objective of the law (construction of capital) was accomplished and it was necessary to expand the area of city improvement from the capital to the capital and its surrounding region; the succeeding law, 'national capital region improvement law,' has a continuity and unity with the abolished law.
- しかしながら、蘇我赤兄の外孫である山辺皇女が、持統天皇に排除された夫の大津皇子に殉死したり、また文武天皇の妻の石川刀子娘が、天皇崩御後に某男との関係を持った事からその身分を剥奪され、子の広成皇子・広世皇子も連座して皇族の身分を剥奪される事件なども起こしている。
- However, several unfortunate incidents befell the throne: Princess Yamanobe no Himemiko, a sotomago (grandchild from a daughter married into another family) of SOGA no Akae followed her husband Imperial Prince Otsu to the grave when he was eliminated by Empress Jito, and ISHIKAWA no Tone no Iratsume, the wife of the late Emperor Monmu, was stripped of her rank due to infidelity and her children Hironari no Oji and Hiroyo no Oji were stripped of their standing as members of the Imperial family by association.
- 金沢文庫に残る5月16日の京の六波羅探題南方から金沢文庫・称名寺 (横浜市)の二代長老明忍房剱阿に送られた「倉栖兼雄書状」によると、北条時村の姉妹を祖母にもつ金澤北条貞顕が探題であった六波羅探題南方では、このあと、次のような状態だったという、「京中連々騒動す。
- According to 'A letter by Kaneo KURASU' in the collection of Kanazawa Library which was sent on May 16 from Rokuhara Tandai Minamikata (Rokuhara Tandai South) in Kyoto to Myoninbokena, the second choro (patriarch) at Shomyo-ji Temple in Kanazawabunko (in Yokohama City), the situations of Kyoto after the incident observed by Rokuhara Tandai Minamikata, where the head officer was Sadaaki HOJO from the Kanesawa line of the clan whose grandmother was a sister of Tokimura HOJO, were as follows: 'The situation in Kyoto became turbulent.
- 生駒山中でも大阪に面した西側南北10kmほどの地域、北から順に辻子谷(づしだに)、額田谷(ぬかただに)、鳴川谷(なるかわだに、以上いずれもハイキングコースとして知られる)、山畑・服部川地区、黒谷など、互いに平行に走る谷沿いにそれぞれ数個の寺院が連なって存在する。
- In the area spreading 10km from north to south on the west side of Mt. Ikoma viewing Osaka, specifically, from north, Zushidani Valley, Nukatadani Valley, Narukawadani Valley, all of which are known as hiking trails, Yamahata and Hattorigawa Area, and Kurotani, a few temples are closely located in line along each valley running in parallel.
- 陰陽寮の役人が退いた後に中務省を代表して輔が天皇に奏上を行い、具注暦は天皇に奏進され、頒暦は天皇と太政官の連絡を掌る少納言が受領して大臣の元に届けられ、大臣から弁官を通じて各官司・国府に配布され、不足の場合には上級官司・国府が書写して下級官司・郡司などに送付した。
- When officials of the Onmyoryo leave the court, the suke makes a presentation before the emperor on behalf of the Ministry of Central Affairs, the guchureki is presented to the emperor, the hanreki is distributed to the Shonagon who manages communications between the Emperor and the Daijokan, then it is sent to each minister, then distributed by ministers to each government officials and kokufu via benkan and, if the number of copies are not enough, highly-ranked kanshi or kokufu transcribes it and sends it to low-ranked kanshi or gunji (district official).
- だが、本来東京都は花粉症増加の原因をディーゼル自動車の排気ガスに求め、排ガス汚染との関連はみられないという疫学調査の結果が出たにもかかわらず、その規制を強行した自治体であることは記しておかねばならない(ただし、規制そのものは花粉症のみのために行なったものではない)。
- However, it must be said that Tokyo is an autonomous body that enforced diesel regulation based on the concept that exhaust fumes from diesel vehicles was the cause for increases in pollinosis despite epidemiological investigation findings that there is no relationship between exhaust gas pollution and pollinosis (although these regulations did not pertain only to pollinosis).
- 愛国公党を結成して5日後の1874年1月17日、板垣退助(前参議)、後藤象二郎(前参議)、江藤新平(前参議)、副島種臣(前参議)、由利公正(前東京府知事)、岡本健三郎(前大蔵省大丞)、および起草者の古沢滋、小室信夫の8名は、連名で民撰議院設立建白書を左院に提出した。
- On January 17, 1874, five days after establishing the Aikokukoto Party, eight people, Taisuke ITAGAKI (former Sangi councilor), Shojiro GOTO (Former Sangi councilor), Shinpeo ETO (Former Sangi councilor), Taneomi SOEJIMA (Former Sangi councilor), Kimimasa YURI (Former Governor of Tokyo Prefecture), Kenzaburo OKAMOTO (Former Okura-sho Taijo [Senior Secretary of the Ministry of the Treasury]), drafter Shigeru FURUSAWA and Shinobu KOMURO presented the 'Minsen Giin Setsuritsu Kenpaku Sho' to the Council of the Left in their joint names.
- ただし、これらの指摘は三代格式と対となる三代儀式の編纂あるいは存在が否定されたに過ぎず、格式の編纂も「儀式」の編纂も律令法の補完を目的として行われた事業であり、格式の編纂と単独事業として行われた内裏式や貞観儀式の編纂との間には、何らかの関連性があったと考えられている。
- The above indications, however, merely denied that the Sandai Gishiki corresponding to the Sandai Kyakushiki were neither compiled nor did they exist, and it was still accepted that both the compilation of Kyakushiki and the compilation of 'Gishiki' were projects taken for complementing the ritsuryo law and that compilation of the Kyakushiki had some relationship to the compilation of Dairi shiki and Jogan Gishiki each of which were a single project.
- 諸職人(刀鍛冶や、石工、薬売り、紺屋、筆結、木樵、鎧細工、笠張り、仏師など)や舟渡、陰陽師、宿曜師、山伏、禰宜、巫女、白拍子、舞々、楽人、能役者(端役)、連歌師、俳諧師、通事(飜訳業)、瓦版売り、高利貸(銀行員)などのように地域・時代によっては賎民とされた職業もある。
- Some occupations were defined as Senmin depending on the region/period, such as various craftsmen (swordsmiths, masons, medicine peddlers, dyers, pen makers, wood cutters, armor makers, umbrella makers, sculptors of Buddhist statues and others), boatmen, Yin yang masters, astrologers, mountain priests, shrine priests, shrine maidens, dancing girls, dancers, musicians, Noh performers (minor roles), linked-verse poets, haikai poets, interpreters (translators), news-sheet sellers, and usurers (bankers).
- しかしながら、ドイツ・オーストリア海軍Uボート及び武装商船の海上交通破壊作戦が強化され、1917年1月からドイツおよびオーストリアが無制限潜水艦作戦を開始すると連合国側の艦船の被害が甚大なものになり、イギリスは日本へ、地中海へ駆逐艦隊、喜望峰へ巡洋艦隊の派遣を要請した。
- However, as operations by the German and Austrian navy to destroy sea traffic with U-boats and armed merchantmen grew in intensity and Germany and Austria began unrestricted submarine warfare in January 1917, navy ships of the Allies were made to suffer serious damage, so that Britain requested Japan to dispatch a destroyer fleet to the Mediterranean and a cruiser fleet to the Cape of Good Hope.
- 天文20年(1551年)、武任はこのような一連の騒動で義隆から責任を追及されることを恐れて、相良武任申状において、「杉重矩は陶隆房の謀反を讒訴したが受け入れられなかったので、讒訴を自分がしたことにして、対立していたはずの隆房に寝返った」という根も葉もない讒訴を行なった。
- In 1551, Taketo was afraid of being blamed for this series of troubles by Yoshitaka, and made a totally unfounded false charge in Taketo SAGARA's declaration that 'Shigenori SUGI made a false charge about the rebellion of Takafusa SUE but it was not accepted. So he told that the false charge was made by me and changed the side to Takafusa who was originally opposed to'.
- 経済発展をおこなう以上、多量の二酸化炭素を排出せねばならないと考えられたため開発途上国の自発的参加が見送られ、当初は推進していたアメリカ合衆国も後に受け入れを拒否、ロシア連邦も受け入れの判断を見送っていたため、2004年ごろまでは議定書の発効が行われていない状況であった。
- Voluntary participations of developing countries were shelved because they thought they had to emit a large amount of carbon dioxide as long as they pursued economical development, and the United States of America, which was positive at first, rejected to accept the protocol, further Russian Federation suspended the ratification; accordingly, Kyoto Protocol was not effected until around 2004.
- 文部省からなかなか良い返事をもらえなかった井上は、慶應義塾大学(現在の慶應義塾大学)、國學院大學(現在の國學院大學)、早稲田大学(現在の早稲田大学)と私立学校の連合を組んで再度陳情を行い、1899年に中等学校の教員免許について、卒業と同時に無試験で認可されることとなった。
- INOUE could not receive a good response from the Ministry of Education, then he formed a combination of private universities with Keio University, Kokugakuin University, and Waseda University, then finally in 1899 graduates of private university were allowed to have secondary school teacher's license without an examination.
- 翌慶応3年(1867年)薩摩藩の西郷・大久保利通らは政局の主導権を握るため雄藩連合を模索し、島津久光・松平春嶽・伊達宗徳・山内容堂(前土佐藩主)の上京を促して、兵庫開港および長州処分問題について徳川慶喜と協議させたが、慶喜の政治力が上回り、団結を欠いた四侯会議は無力化した。
- In 1867, Takamori SAIGO and Toshimichi OKUBO of Satsuma, who groped for the union of major domains to take the initiative in the political situation, urged Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, Shungaku MATSUDAIRA, Munee DATE and Yodo YAMANOUCH (the former lord of the Tosa domain) to come to Kyoto to discuss the port of Hyogo and the treatment of Choshu with Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, but the four great members, lacking solidarity, were overwhelmed by Yoshinobu's political smartness, and could not make a respectable showing.
- 室町幕府申次衆などを務め、征夷大将軍と諸権門との連絡役を務めることが多かった大舘氏当主が将軍・公卿以下の公家、門跡以下の僧侶、管領以下の守護大名、室町幕府の諸役人や諸大名の家臣などに出す場合の書札礼を差出対象ごとに分けた上で実際の書札を例に取りながら注記を加えたものである。
- In this book, the head of the Odachi clan, who served the Muromachi bakufu as moshitsugishu (a civil servant post of Muromachi bakufu) and played a role of corresponding secretary between seii taishogun (literally, a great general who subdues the barbarians) and influential families, listed actual shosatsurei together with his notes based on the categories of addressees, namely shogun, court nobles including top court officials, Buddhist priest including monzeki (priest-prince), shugo-daimyo (military governor) including kanrei (shogunal deputy), officials of Muromachi bakufu and vassals of daimyo.
- ただ、近年では未曾有の大飛散と予測された2005年のスギ花粉症のシーズン前には、各省庁が連携して広報などの対策に当たり、厚労省では公開のシンポジウムも開催したが、国を挙げての統一した施策・政策を打ち出して国民の期待に応えることはなく、シーズンが過ぎてからは目立った動きはない。
- However in recent years, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare held an open symposium to encourage all government agencies to work together with regard to countermeasures such as bulletins prior to the 2005 Japanese cedar pollinosis season in which unprecedentedly high airborne pollen levels were forecast but it was unable to finalize any unified national policies or meet public expectations, and the season passed without any visible initiatives.
- 2006年11月に奈良県他により「飛鳥・藤原-古代日本の宮都と遺跡群」として暫定リスト追加掲載の提案が行われ、翌2007年1月23日、文化庁が富岡製糸場(群馬県富岡市など)、富士山(山梨県・静岡県)、長崎の教会群とキリスト教関連遺産(長崎県長崎市など)とともに追加申請を決めた。
- Nara Prefecture and others proposed the additional inscription of 'Asuka-Fujiwara: Archaeological sites of Japan's Ancient Capitals and Related Properties' on the Tentative List in November 2006 and the Agency for Cultural Affairs decided to apply for it together with Tomioka Seishi-jo (Tomioka Silk Mill) (Tomioka City, Gunma Prefecture, etc.), Mt. Fuji (Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture) and Churches and Christian Sites in Nagasaki (Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, etc.) on January 23, 2007.
- 天狗党の乱(てんぐとうのらん)とは、元治元年3月27日 (旧暦)(1864年5月2日)に起きた、水戸藩藩士藤田小四郎ら尊皇攘夷過激派による筑波山での挙兵と、その後これに関連して各地で発生した争乱のことである(元治元年12月17日 (旧暦)(1865年1月14日)に主導者投降)。
- Tenguto no Ran (Rebellion of Tenguto) was raising of an army at Mt. Tsukuba on May 2, 1864 by the radical party of Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) including Koshiro FUJITA, a feudal retainer of Mito Domain and others, as well as the following related conflicts occurred all over the country (the main leader surrendered on January 14, 1865).
- 甕棺内に頭部を除く全身が埋葬されていたと考えられる事例が見つかっており、しばしば戦闘の際に敵に頭部を切り取られた死者を連れ帰り、埋葬したものと理解されているが、このような例が本当に戦闘の犠牲者なのか、それとも何らかの儀礼的行為によるものなのかは実際のところは未だ論証されていない。
- Also in some cases, kamekan with whole body except the head part were excavated, and these were interpreted as an enemy taking the victim's head from the battle field and the victim's body was taken back to the settlement for burial, however it is not proven if they really were victims of a battle, or if it was the result of some ritual.
- こうした行政の動きに関しては、自由民主党 (日本)内で「花粉症等アレルギー症対策議員連盟(通称ハクション議連:事務局長・小野晋也衆院議員)」が、安倍晋三ら約50名(当時)の国会議員によって1995年に設立され、本格的な対策の推進を国に働きかけるようになったことが大きく影響している。
- Such administrative actions include the Liberal Democratic Party 'Federation of Diet Members for Measures Against Pollinosis and Other Allergies' (commonly known as Hakushon Giren, secretary general: lower house member Shinya ONO) which was established by Shinzo ABE and approximately 50 (at the time) other Diet members in 1995, and has had a major impact on the national implementation of serious efforts.
- 『日本書紀』の667年には、唐の百済鎮将劉仁願が、熊津都督府(唐が百済を占領後に置いた5都督府のひとつ)の役人に命じて、日本側の捕虜を筑紫都督府に送ってきたという記載がある(「十一月丁巳朔乙丑 百濟鎭將劉仁願遣熊津都督府熊山縣令上柱國司馬法聰等 送大山下境部連石積等於筑紫都督府」)。
- It is written in 'The Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) that in 667, Ryujingan, who was the Tang general stationed in Kudara, ordered the Ungjin governor-general capital (one of the 5 governor-general offices created by the Tang Dynasty in Kudara after the occupation) to send the Japanese hostages to the Chikushi governor-general capital.
- 昭和天皇は幣原喜重郎首相が連合国軍最高司令官総司令部に主導されて作成した草案を初めて見た際に、「これで結構だが、これまでも皇室が決して独裁的なものでなかったことを示すために、明治天皇の五箇条の御誓文を加えることはできないだろうか」と述べ、急遽GHQの許可を得て加えられることになった。
- When the Emperor Showa saw the draft of prime minister Kijuro SHIDEHARA led by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) for the first time, the Emperor said 'it is fine, but to show that the Imperial Family has never been dictatorial, it that possible to add Charter Oath of Five Articles of the Emperor Meiji?' and it was added in haste under permission from GHQ.
- 正税帳は毎年3通が作成され、1通は国府に留めて国司交替時の引継や次年度の正税帳作成の資料とし、残り2通は毎年2月30日_(旧暦)(ただし、大宰府のみは5月30日_(旧暦))までに田租や出挙、賑給、国分寺造営・維持費など財政収支を裏付ける関連資料(「枝文」)を添えて太政官に提出された。
- Shozeicho was created in three copies a year; one of those was kept by kokufu to serve as material used for succession at the time of replacement of kokushi, and for creation of shozeicho of the following year, and the two of those were submitted to Daijokan attached to some related material (shibun) that could confirm the balance of financial affairs including denso, suiko, almsgiving, and building and preservation cost of Kokubun-ji Temple, by February 30 each year (in the old lunar calendar) except Dazaifu where by May 30 (in the old lunar calendar).
- 一方、後期後半期の近畿の高地性集落(大阪府和泉市観音寺山遺跡、同高槻市古曾部遺跡などは環濠を巡らす山城)については、その盛行期が、上述の理由から北部九州・畿内ともおおよそ史書に記載された倭国大乱の年代とほぼ一致することから、これらを倭国大乱と関連させる理解が主流を占めているようである。
- On the other hand, upland settlements in the Kinki region in the latter half of the end period (Kannonjiyama site at Izumi City, Osaka Prefecture and Kosobe site at Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture are mountain castle with moat) are considered to hold some relationship to the Wakoku War, as its prospered period in both northern Kyushu and Kinai matches to the period of Wakoku War described in history books, after the correction of the period described earlier.
- 4月13日、連合艦隊の敷設した機雷が旅順艦隊の戦艦ペトロパヴロフスク (戦艦・初代)を撃沈、旅順艦隊司令長官シュテファン・オシュポヴィッチ・マカロフ中将を戦死させるという戦果を上げたが、5月15日には逆に日本海軍の戦艦「八島 (戦艦)」と「初瀬 (戦艦)」がロシアの機雷によって撃沈される。
- While the Imperial Japanese Navy succeeded in sinking the battleship Петропавловск (Battleship/The first) of the Lushun Fleet on April 13th, with a mine laid earlier by the IJN, killing Vice-Admiral Stepan Osipovich Makarov, the Commander-in-Chief of the Lushun Fleet; the IJN battleships 'Yashima' and 'Hatsuse' were conversely sunk by Russian mines on May 15th.
- これは泰時が『法曹至要抄』や明法道の目安(訴状・陳状などの法律文書)を研究していたことや、編纂に参加しているのが泰時とともに六波羅探題を務めた叔父の北条時房(幕府連署)や京都の下級官人出身者やその子弟が中心であったのも御成敗式目の法源を武家慣習法ではなく公家法に求めたからと考えられている。
- It has been believed that the reason why Yasutoki studied 'Hososhiyo-sho' (a legal book compiled by the Sakanoue clan between the end of Heian period and the early Kamakura period) as well as the criterion of Myobodo (study of Codes) (legal documents of petition, petition for objection, and so forth) and why his uncle Tokifusa HOJO, a bakufu rensho (assistant to regents in bakufu) who had worked as Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) with him and person who had come from lower-ranking government official in Kyoto and their descendents participated in the compilation were that he sought the source of law not for the common law for samurai families, but for the court noble law.
- 桂園時代は、桂に代表される官僚・軍部と西園寺に代表される有力政党である立憲政友会が「情意投合」と呼ばれる連携体制を組んで交互に内閣総理大臣に就任した(この間にも松方正義や山本権兵衛、平田東助などを首相に擁する動きはあったものの、両者以上の政権基盤を持たずにいずれも断念に追い込まれている)。
- In the Kei-En era, bureaucrats and military typified by Katsura and a leading political party Rikken seiyukai typified by Saionji built a collaborative system called 'emotional agreement' and they alternately served as the prime minister (In the meantime, there was a move to field Masayoshi MATSUKATA, Gonbei YAMAMOTO and Tosuke HIRATA as prime minister, but none of them had stronger foundations of administration than those of the two, so they were forced to give up).
- 天文に改元後の同年8月7日_(旧暦)、京都に集結した法華一揆は京都にある本願寺教団の寺院を次々に攻撃、8月12日_(旧暦)には六角氏と連合して蓮淳のいる大津の顕証寺を攻め落とし、続いて8月23日_(旧暦)には、証如のいる山科本願寺を3万の大軍が包囲して、8月24日_(旧暦)には同寺も炎上した。
- On September 6, 1532, after the era changed to Tenbun, the Hokke-Ikki army assembled in Kyoto and attacked temples after temples belonging to the Hongan-ji Temple community, and on September 11 they associated with the Rokkaku clan and captured Kensho-ji Temple in Otsu where Renjun stayed, and on September 23 they besieged Yamashina Hongan-ji Temple where Shonyo stayed, with a large force of 30,000 men, and on August 22 (the old calendar) Yamashina Hongan-ji Temple went up in flames.
- 彼らは戦闘は無論、見張りや防衛工事、消火活動、負傷者の救護、外(連合軍)との秘密の連絡をこなし、柴五郎も「耶蘇教民がいてわれわれを助けなかったならば、われわれ小数の兵にては、とうてい粛親王府は保てなかったかと思われます」、「無事にあの任務を果たせたのも信用し合っていた多くの中国人のお陰でした。
- They not only participated in the battle, but also in patrols, defense construction, fire extinguishment, rescuing of casualties, and conducted secret communication with the outside (allied forces), and even Goro SHIBA reflected, 'if there were no Christians to rescue us, we could not have maintained the government of Prince Su with our small number of soldiers' and 'the mission succeeded due to the trust of many Chinese'.
- しかし、纏向遺跡に搬入された土器特徴から、考古学的にはおそくとも弥生時代末期までには、纏向遺跡の地を支配する勢力を中心に東海地方から北陸・近畿・阿讃瀬戸内・吉備・出雲ならびに北部九州までの各地の政治勢力がなんらかの形で参加したヤマト王権の原型ともいえる緩やかな政治連合が形成されていたことになる。
- However, from features observed in pottery from the Makimuku sites, it is believed that by the end of the Yayoi Period at the latest, regional political powers from the Tokai region down through Hokuriku, Kinki, Asan Setouchi, Kibi, Izumo to northern Kyushu participated in the central polity located in the Makimuku sites, forming a loose political alliance that is thought to have been the foundation of the Yamato Kingdom.
- 長引く南朝遺臣の討伐に加え同年7月11日 (旧暦)(8月12日)、義教と不仲であった弟の義昭の出奔をみた幕府首脳は、大覚寺が南朝ゆかりであること、玉川宮、護聖院宮らの南朝皇族も共に逃亡したことなどから、後南朝・義昭に加え、当時幕府派の関東管領上杉憲実と対立していた鎌倉公方足利持氏の連携を疑った。
- On August 12, 1437 when the shogunate was trying to subdue the surviving retainers of the Southern Court, Yoshiaki, who was at odds with his older brother Yoshinori ran away, so the leaders of the shogunate suspected the involvement of not only Yoshiaki of Gonancho (Second Southern Court) but also Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura Kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) who was in conflict with Norizane UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), because Daikaku-ji Temple (from where Yoshiaki ran away) was associated with the Southern Court and also imperial princes of the Southern Court, Tamagawa no miya and Goshoin no miya ran away, too.
- 同宣言には「日本国政府ハ日本国国民ノ間ニ於ケル民主主義的傾向ノ復活強化ニ対スル一切ノ障礙ヲ除去スベシ」「言論、宗教及思想ノ自由並ニ基本的人権ノ尊重ハ確立セラルベシ」等と定められたため、ダグラス・マッカーサー率いる連合国軍最高司令官総司令部(GHQ/SCAP)は、大日本帝国憲法の改正を日本政府に求めた。
- According to the sentences of the declaration, 'the Japanese government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people' and 'Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established,' the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ/SCAP) led by Douglas MACARTHUR demanded modification of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- だが、治承3年(1179年)11月に発生した治承三年の政変で皇室と摂関家の象徴ともいえる治天の君後白河法皇と摂政松殿基房が清盛の命令によって揃って処罰を受けると、彼らの間にも危機感が広がり、治承4年(1180年)5月26日の以仁王の挙兵を契機に園城寺や諸国の源氏とも連携して反平氏活動に動き始めたのである。
- However, once the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and Regent Motofusa MATSUDONO, who might be regarded as the symbol of the Imperial family and Sekkan-ke (line of regents and advisers) were both punished by the order of Kiyomori, the sense of danger also spread among them, who cooperated with Onjo-ji Temple and the Minamoto clan in various districts to start anti-Taira clan activities after Rising of Prince Mochihito on May 26, 1180.
- 伊藤らは天皇と宮中側の関係を改めさせようとしたが、急速に立憲制が確立することで公家出身の門地に依存してきた自分の地位が危うくなることを危惧した三条や岩倉は、元田や佐々木らの宮中側勢力を完全に抑えることには消極的で、大隈財政末期の外債発行問題などでは宮中側と連携して太政官側を動かそうとする動きも見せたのである。
- While Ito and others attempted to change the relationship between the Emperor and the Imperial court, Sanjo and Iwakura were disinclined to completely suppress the power of Imperial court side including Motoda and Sasaki, in fear that their own status defended by the lineage of court noble would be undermined by the rapid establishment of constitutionalism, and they even cooperated with the Imperial court side to put pressure on the Dajokan side over the problem of the issuance of foreign bonds in the closing days of Okuma finance.
- 判官が殺されたその夜、遊行寺では、大空上人の夢枕に閻魔大王が立ち、「上野原市に11人の屍が捨てられており、判官のみ蘇生させられるので、湯の峰温泉に入れてもとの体に戻すために力を貸せ」という不思議な夢を見、そのお告げどおり上人が上野原に行き、死んだ家来達をほうむり、まだ息のあった判官を寺に連れ帰ったのであった。
- The night when Ogurihangan was killed, Daiku Shonin had a strange dream in Yugyo-ji Temple in which Enma Daio appeared and said: 'The corpses of 11 people have been abandoned in Uenohara City and Ogurihangan is the only one who could be resuscitated, so you should help me in putting him in Yunomine-onsen Hot Spring to restore his body,' so Daiku Shonin followed the oracle by going to Uenohara, burying the dead retainers and bringing Ogurihangan, still showing signs of life, back to the temple.
- 文久3年(1863年)8月大和国では公卿中山忠光、吉村寅太郎・池内蔵太(土佐藩士)、松本奎堂(三河刈谷藩士)、藤本鉄石(岡山藩士)、さらには河内国の大地主水郡善之祐らも加わった天誅組の変が勃発し、続いて但馬国では沢宣嘉(前年京都から追放された七卿の一人)・平野国臣(福岡藩士)らによる生野の変が連鎖的に発生した。
- In August 1868, the Tenchu-gumi incident was caused in Yamato Province by Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA, Kugyo (the top court officials), Torataro YOSHIMURA, Kurata IKEUCHI (the Tosa clan), Keido MATSUMOTO (the Mikawa Kariya clan), Tesseki FUJIMOTO (the Okayama clan), and Zennosuke NIGORI, a powerful landlord in Kawachi Province, and this rapidly led to Nobuyoshi SAWA (one of the seven court nobles who were exiled from Kyoto in the previous year) and Kuniomi HIRANO (the Fukuoka clan) causing the Ikuno incident in Tajima Province.
- 江南軍のほとんどが嘗ての南宋の兵であり、放っておけば社会不安の要因となる彼らを厄介払いする目的もあったと言われる杉山正明の一連の著作、『中国史3』P449など(山川出版社)(それを裏付けるように、モンゴルの司令官たちが乗った船は一隻も沈んでおらず、江南軍に従軍した兵士達の墓も旧南宋の領内では確認されていない)。
- According to a series of books written by Masaaki SUGIYAMA and page 449 of 'Chugokushi 3' (The History of China, Volume 3) (published by Yamakawa Shuppansha) says that a purpose for organizing most of the Southern Yangtze Army with soldiers from the former Southern Sung Dynasty was to get rid of them, and they would cause social anxiety if left alone (in fact, to support this idea, no ship in which Mongol commanders were on board sank, and tombs of the soldiers joined in the Southern Yangtze Army have not been found in the former territory of the Southern Sung Dynasty).
- 松本隆海は、すべてが鉱毒が原因だとはいえないかもしれないが、当時の日本は出生数のほうが多いにもかかわらず、死者数のほうが多いのは、鉱毒に関連があるとしている(実際には、鉱毒が原因で貧困となり、栄養状態が悪化して死亡した者が多く含まれていると考えられるが、田中正造や松本はこれらも鉱毒による死者とすべきだとしている)。
- Ryukai MATSUMOTO says that it may not be said all the deaths were caused by the mining pollution, however, since there were a greater number of deaths than births while there were more births than deaths in Japan at that time, those deaths should be considered to have been caused by the mining pollution (it is considered that in fact among those deaths, many cases were caused by malnutrition, since the people became poor by the mining pollution; however Shozo TANAKA and Matsumoto and others said that those cases should be counted as the victims by the mining pollution).
- 六月初旬にはイギリス海軍中将シーモア(Edward Hobart Seymour)率いる連合軍約2000名が北京を目指したが、義和団によって破壊された京津鉄道(北京-天津間)を修繕しながら進軍したため、その歩みは遅く、また廊坊という地では義和団及び清朝正規兵董福祥の甘軍によって阻まれ、天津への退却を余儀なくされた。
- Around two thousand members of the allied forces led by Vice Admiral Edward Hobart Seymour of the British marines headed for Beijing at the beginning of June by repairing and marching along the Beijing-Tianjin Railway (Beijing to Tianjin) but this proved to be slow, and progress was hindered by the Boxers as well as 甘軍 of the official Qing dynasty army led by Dong Fuxiang at Langfang, and they were forced to retreat to Tianjin.
- それから3年後の1308年(徳治3)8月の「平政連諫草」には、「天下の珍事国中の大体は併せて成敗にあり、怠慢なかるべし、随ってまた評定の大事はなを御出仕をまつ」「毎月御評定の内五ケ日、御寄合二ケ日奏事六ケ日ばかりは、闕かさず御勤仕あらんの条、強いて窮屈の儀なからんか」と幕政への精励を要請、というか苦言を呈している。
- In 'Remonstration by TAIRA no Masatsura' written in August, 1308, in three years after the incident, the following requests for working harder for the bakufu's administration or candid advices are included: 'It was an apparently strange incident, and the persons concerned had been punished appropriately, and therefore, you should attend important council meetings;' 'It would not be too hard to request you not to fail in attending the monthly regular council meetings for five days, the meetings called 'Yoriai' for two days and working for Soji (compiling official documents to be sent to the emperor)-related matters for six days.'
- 戦況は信雄・家康連合に優位であったものの、信雄が領国としていた伊勢伊賀を秀吉に占領され講和要求に屈したため、合戦の大義を失った家康は家臣内の分裂や石川数正の秀吉側への出奔、秀吉直々の懐柔もあり、天正14年(1586年)10月27日大坂城で秀吉と謁見することで清洲同盟以来の臣従関係を秀吉に対しあらためることとなった。
- While the allied force of Nobuo and Ieyasu was superior in the battle, Nobuo whose territory of Ise and Iga Provinces were occupied by Hideyoshi succumbed to the condition of peace, then Ieyasu losing the cause of the battle had an audience with Hideyoshi at Osaka-jo Castle on December 7, 1586 to show Hideyoshi their subordinate-superior relationship since Kiyosu Alliance, under several situations including the division between Ieyasu's vassals, Kazumasa ISHIKAWA changing side of Hideyoshi, and conciliation by Hideyoshi himself.
- その後、総理となった犬養毅が軍縮をしようとしたところ、五・一五事件で決起将校に殺害され政党政治が終結を迎え、戦時中には軍の圧力により逼塞状態にあった鳩山一郎が、戦後に総理就任を目前で連合国軍最高司令官総司令部からこの時の事を追及されて、軍部の台頭に協力した軍国主義者として公職追放となるなど皮肉な歴史を辿る事となった。
- Later, ironic histories were repeated, which means that Tshuyoshi INUKAI, who became Prime Minister tried to do disarmament, was killed by an officer who rose in revolt at the May 15th Incident, then the party government came to an end, and Ichiro HATOYAMA who was confined during the war by the military pressure was accused by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers and purged as a militarist cooperated the rise of the military just before the assumption of the Prime Minister after the war.
- 足助氏はその後も御家人として存続したが、4代目惣領・足助重方とその子・足助親重は官位を有し昇殿をも許されるなど朝廷との繋がりは依然として深く、加えて一族の中には有力御家人安達氏との縁戚がおり、弘安8年(1285年)の霜月騒動で一族の足助重房が連座して滅ぼされたことなどから、次第に鎌倉幕府への不満を強めていくこととなる。
- After that, the Asuke clan survived as a vassal of the shogunate, but its relationship with the Imperial Court was still so close that the fourth head, Shigekata ASUKE, and his son Chikashige ASUKE had been given official rank and allowed to enter the denjo room in the palace; moreover, its dissatisfaction with the Kamakura bakufu increased because of problems such as the Shimotsuki Affair in 1285, in which Shigefusa ASUKE was involved and destroyed because, in the Asuke clan, there were relatives of the powerful gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods), Adachi clan.
- いっぽう幕権強化・雄藩連合などの様々な思惑を孕みつつ、文久3年12月に徳川慶喜・松平春嶽・松平容保・伊達宗城(宇和島藩主)・島津久光による参預会議が開催され、神奈川鎖港談判、長州藩の処置、大坂港の防備強化などの議題が話し合われたが、将軍後見職の徳川慶喜の非協力的態度に春嶽・久光らが反撥して帰国したため、早くも翌年3月には崩壊。
- Leaving various ideas, such as reinforcing the power of the bakufu, and the alliance of major clans, as they were, a council meeting was held on December 1863 by Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, Shungaku MATSUDAIRA, Katamori MATSUDAIRA, Munenari DATE (the lord of Uwajima clan), and Hisamitsu SHIMAZU to discuss the condition of the port of Kanagawa, the treatment of the Choshu clan, and strengthening the defences of the port of Osaka, but it failed as early as in March 1864, when Shungaku and Hisamitsu became upset with Yoshino TOKUGAWA, a guardian of the shogun, who was not cooperative at all.
- だが、一向に新政府からの音沙汰がないのに不満を抱いた伊藤は、薩長土肥の藩主が版籍奉還の上表を行ったという報を聞きつけ、部下である県判事の中島、権判事の田中、同じく英学者で県出仕(顧問に相当する)の何と相談して建白書の提出を図り、これに偶々伊藤と面識を持った陸奥も加わって5人連名で提出したのが6ヶ条からなる『国是綱目』であった。
- However, Ito was frustrated because he had not heard a word from the new government, and once he caught a news that the lord of the domains (Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa, Hizen) submitted the memorial to the emperor that they would return their lands and people to the emperor, Ito planned to submit the petition with his subordinates, Nakajima (Assistant Judicial Officer), Tanaka (Assistant Judicial Officer), Ga (Scholar of English, served for prefecture as an advisor), and also Mutsu who happened to get to know Ito joined them, and they all submitted in their five joint names 'kokuzekomoku' which was composed of the six points.
- 一方で政府と軍の各部署の間の有機的な連係が藩閥によって形成されていたという側面もあり、昭和に入り試験や育成機関から採用された官僚や軍人が部署の実権を掌握するようになると縦割り的弊害が甚だしくなり国家の方針が定まらず迷走することになり、藩閥の消滅による緊張感の低下が政党の腐敗を招き、官僚や軍部に迎合するようになったと見る説もある。
- On the other hand, an organic tie between the government and departments of the Army was formed by the domain clique, so there is a view that when bureaucrats and military men who were employed through examinations and training institutions in the Showa period held actual power of their departments, red tape swelled causing the national policy to keep straying unsettled and decreased sense of tension without domain clique brought corruption of the political parties and made them pander to bureaucrats and the military.
- しかし、仮にそうであった場合でも、律令的氏姓制度が形骸化するに連れて、氏(ウヂ)と姓(カバネ)とが世襲化により一体化され、その構成員もいたずらに増え過ぎてしまったため、のちにヤマト王権(天武天皇)自身が八色の姓(やくさのかばね)によって全く新たな官位制度と連動させつつ氏姓の制(うじかばねのせい)を実質的に無意味化せざるを得なかった。
- However, even if it was the case, Emperor Tenmu (Yamato sovereignty) had to create the Yakusa no Kabane system which resulted in the dysfunction of the original kabane system since the kabane were given to too many people, and uji and kabane became integrated through heredity as the system of clans and hereditary titles based on a ritsuryo legal code remained simply as a form.
- スナイドル弾薬の製造設備を失った事は、薩摩を象徴する新兵器だったスナイドル銃が無用の長物と化し、既に旧式化していた前装式のエンフィールド銃で戦わなければならなくなった事を意味しており、後装式と前装式の連射速度の違いがもたらす決定的な戦力差を戊辰戦争での実体験として知る西郷は、この報を聞いて「ちょしもたー」(しまった)との言葉を発したという。
- Now that they lost the production equipment of Snider Ammunition, the Snider rifle, which had symbolized the Satsuma Domain as the new weapon, meant nothing to them and they had to be armed with the outdated muzzle-loading Enfield rifles; it is said that SAIGO shouted 'Damn!' to hear the report because he had realized in the Boshin War that a difference in the burst speed between the muzzleloader and the breechloader makes a crucial difference in fighting power.
- 92% (-8%) - オーストリア、ベルギー、ブルガリア、チェコ、デンマーク、エストニア、フィンランド、フランス、ドイツ、ギリシャ、アイルランド、イタリア、ラトビア、リヒテンシュタイン、リトアニア、ルクセンブルグ、モナコ、オランダ、ポルトガル、ルーマニア、スロバキア、スロベニア、スペイン、スウェーデン、スイス、イギリス、(欧州連合15か国)
- 92% (-8%) - Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italia, Latvia, Principality of Liechtenstein, Republic of Lithuania, Luxemburg, Principality of Monaco, Holland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (European Union 15 countries)
- 豊臣政権の三奉行・三中老が家康の上杉征伐を諌めた連書状に「今度直江所行相届かざる儀、御立腹もっともに存じ候」とあることや、上杉景勝が重臣にあてた書状の内容が直江状に酷似している点などから、「多数の伝本があり、少なからず異同も見られるが、全体としては信用できる史料」とし、「(家康を挑発した)追而書だけは後世の偽作の可能性がある」との見方を示した。
- He expressed his view that 'only the postscript (that provoked Ieyasu) may be a forgery from a later period' considering that 'there are many manuscripts with only a few differences, but they are generally reliable historical materials' because in the letter remonstrated with Ieyasu's conquest of Uesugi by three magistrates and arbitration office in the Toyotomi regime, it is written that 'your anger is quite reasonable since Naoe's conduct did not reach you this time', the content of the letter from Kagekatsu UESUGI to senior vassals was remarkably similar to that of Naoejo, among other things.
- これを受けて改革掛にいた旧幕臣の杉浦譲が「戸籍編成例目」を手直しして四民平等を前面に出した戸籍法案を建議するものの、大木は大江卓の献言を受けて穢多非人の解放の基本方針には賛成するが、生活改善事業と並行して漸進的に行うべきであり、今回の戸籍制定には関連づけないとして、明治4年(1871年)4月4日に穢多非人を先送りにしたままの戸籍法が制定された。
- Responding to this, Jo SUGIURA who was a former retainer of shogun and in charge of revision at Minbusho modified 'Koseki hensei rei moku' and made a proposal in which he placed the equality of all people to the front, but OKI, accepting Taku OE's suggestion, reached the conclusion that, although he agreed to the keynote of emancipation of Eta and Hinin, the emancipation had to be progressed gradually along with service of life bettering and was not to be connected with the family register formation this time, hence the Family Registration Law was enacted on April 4, 1871 putting off the issue of Eta and Hinin.
- 連合艦隊は、東郷平八郎司令長官の優れた戦術、二人の参謀(秋山真之、佐藤鉄太郎)による見事な作戦、上村彦之丞将軍率いる第二艦隊(巡洋艦を中心とした艦隊)による追撃、鈴木貫太郎の駆逐隊による魚雷攻撃作戦、下瀬火薬(世界最強火薬)、伊集院信管、新型無線機、世界初の斉射戦術、世界最高水準の高速艦隊運動などによって、欧州最強と言われたバルチック艦隊を圧倒、これを殲滅した。
- The Combined Fleet overwhelmed and annihilated the Baltic Fleet which was said to be the strongest in Europe through the superior tactics of the commander Heihachiro TOGO, the outstanding strategy of his two staff officers (Saneyuki AKIYAMA and Tetsutaro SATO), the pursuit of the enemy by the Second Fleet (a cruiser fleet) under the command of General Hikonojo KAMIMURA, torpedo operations with destroyers led by Kantaro SUZUKI, and the use of Shimose gunpowder (What was then the world's most powerful gunpowder), Ijuin fuse, cutting-edge radio sets, the invention and application of volley tactics, and the deployment of the world's fastest fleet in battle among several other factors.
- つまり明治十四年の政変の結果、英米系および仏系の法学が官立学校から排除され、これらの拠点が私立の五大法律学校にシフトしたことから、政府は私学に対抗し官学(=東大)をドイツ系法学・国家学の砦にしようとしたのである(阪谷芳郎の回想によれば、この点に関連して、当時「政府当局者が自由思想を抑圧し独逸系の国家学説を我邦に注入せんと試みんとするもの」という憶測が流れていた)。
- That is, as a result of the failed Meiji-14 coup of 1881, British, American and French studies of law were eliminated from national schools and their base was shifted to five top private law schools, so the government tried to make the government school (=Todai [the University of Tokyo]) a fort of German study of law and the science of the nation in rivalry with private schools (According to Yoshio SAKATANI's reminiscence, as for this point, speculation that government officials tried to repress Liberalism and infuse German doctrine of the science of the nation into our country was spread at that time).
- 吉田孝によると、「任那」とは、高句麗・新羅に対抗するために百済・倭国と結んだ任那加羅(金官加羅)を盟主とする小国連合であり、いわゆる地名である伽耶地域とは必ずしも一致しない政治上の概念であり、任那が倭国の軍事力を勢力拡大に利用するために倭国に設置させた軍事を主とする外交機関を後世「任那日本府」と呼んだと主張し、百済に割譲した四県は倭人が移住した地域であったという。
- Takashi YOSHIDA claims that 'Mimana' was a combination of small countries led by Mimana Gaya (Geumgwan Gaya) which cooperated with Baekje and Wa to counter Goguryeo and Silla, and thus a political concept which does not necessarily corresponds to Gaya region, and Mimana, trying to use Wakoku's military power to expand its territory, led Wakoku into establishing a diplomatic institution mainly in charge of military affairs, which was later called 'Mimana Nihon-fu'; the four prefectures of Mimana that Wakoku ceded to Baekje were the area where Wajin had immigrated.
- 著名な幕政改革であるいわゆる「三大改革」(享保の改革・寛政の改革・天保の改革)は、本来はそれぞれ8代徳川吉宗・11代徳川家斉・12代徳川家慶の「御代始」の一環であり、近年注目されている幕末の安政の改革及び慶応の改革も13代徳川家定・15代徳川慶喜の「御代始」と関連づけられる(もう1つの文久の改革は、孝明天皇勅使の江戸下向との関連であり「御代始」との関連性は無いとされる)。
- The famous reformations of the shogunate government, 'the three biggest reformations' (the Kyoho reform, Kansei Reform, and Tempo Reforms) are part of 'Miyohajime' by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA (8th), Ienari TOKUGAWA (11th), and Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA (12th); the Ansei Reform and the Keio Reform can both be associated with the 'Miyohajime' of Iesada TOKUGAWA (13th) and Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA (15th) (the Bukyu Reform is thought to be associated with Edo geko, go down to Edo, of the Imperial envoy of Emperor Komei, but not with 'Miyohajime.')
- 泰盛与党として罹災したのは泰盛一族の他、小笠原氏、足利氏、伴野氏、伊東氏、武藤氏(少弐氏)、その他は藤原相範、吉良満氏、殖田又太郎(大江泰広)、小早川三郎左衛門、三科蔵人、天野景村、伊賀景家、二階堂行景、(大井)美作三郎左衛門、綱島二郎入道、池上藤内左衛門の尉、行方少二郎、南部孫二郎(政連?)、有坂三郎、鎌田弥藤二左衛門尉、秋山人々など、幕府創設以来の有力御家人層の多くが見られる。
- Victims of this battle among the members of Yasumori's party other than the Yasumori family were the Ogasawara clan, the Ashikaga clan, the Tomono clan, the Ito clan, and the Muto clan (Shoni clan) and many powerful gokenin since the foundation of Kamakura bakufu also suffered, such as Ainori FUJIWARA (藤原相範), Mitsuruuji KIRA, Matataro UETA (Yasuhiro Oe), Saburozaemon KOBAYAKAWA, Kurodo SANKA, Kagemura AMANO, Kageie IGA, Yukiie NIKAIDO, Mimasakasaburozaemon (OI) (美作三郎左衛門), Jironyudo TSUNASHIMA (綱島二郎入道), a lord of Tonaizaemon IKEGAMI (池上藤内左衛門), Shojiro YUKIKATA (行方少二郎), Magojiro (Masatsura?) NANBU, Saburo ARISAKA, Yatonisaemoni KAMATA (鎌田弥藤二左衛門尉), and Hitobito AKIYAMA (秋山人々).
- この事件については歴史書『続日本紀』に詳細が書かれ、道鏡の政治的陰謀を阻止した和気清麻呂が「忠臣の鑑」として戦前の歴史教育においてしばしば取り上げられてきたが、既に江戸時代に本居宣長によって一連の神話的な事件の流れに懐疑的な説が唱えられ、近年には『続日本紀』の記事には光仁天皇の即位を正当化するための作為が含まれている(神託には皇位継承については触れられていない)とする説も存在する。
- The details of this incident are described in the history book 'Shoku Nihongi'; WAKE no Kiyomaro, who prevented a political conspiracy of Dokyo, was often taken up in history education in Japan before the Word War Ⅱas 'a model of royal subject'; however, during the Edo period Norinaga MOTOORI had already expressed his doubts on the credibility of the series of mythical incidents, and in recent years there exist views which advocate that the articles in 'Shoku Nihongi' include artifacts to justify the enthronement of Emperor Konin (the oracle does not touch on the succession to the Imperial Throne).
- 国際連盟事務局からの海外領土等の名称及び順序に関する照会に対し、外務省は1930年8月、朝鮮(英語:Chosen)・台湾(英称:Taiwan)・樺太(英称:Karafuto)・関東州租借地(英称:The leased Territory of Kwantung)・日本国委任統治南洋群島(英称:The South Sea Islands under Japanese Mandate)と回答している。
- In response to an inquiry about the names and rank orders of the overseas territories from the Office of League of Nations, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that Korea (English name: Chosen), Taiwan (English name: Taiwan), Sakhalin (English name: Karafuto), The Kwantung Leased Territory (English name: The leased Territory of Kwantung), and the South Sea Islands Mandate (English name: The South Sea Islands under Japanese Mandate) were the overseas territories.
- 太平洋戦争終結後、戦災復興のために各方面より無尽会社でも当座預金の取扱を可能としようとする要請が為されるようになったものの、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は当時、無尽を賭博的でギャンブルの一つであると見ており、これに難色を示したため、政府は当時の銀行並の業務を可能としつつも、無尽の取扱が可能で制度・監督上は無尽会社程度で設立可能な金融機関制度を企画、1951年に相互銀行法が成立し、日本住宅無尽株式会社を除く全社が相互銀行へ転換した。
- After the Pacific War ended, various quarters demanded to make it possible to handle checking accounts even in Mujin companies for war-damage reconstruction, but in those days the GHQ regarded Mujin as gambling and was against it, therefore, while making it possible to do business at a banking level at that time, the government planned a financial institution system where it would be possible to handle Mujin and set up a Mujin company level in the system to supervise, and thereby the Mutual Loan and Savings Bank Act was established in 1951 and all companies except Nihon Jutaku Mujin K.K. shifted to the mutual banking system.
- 祖先は陵戸(みささぎのへ)で沙沙貴(ささき)の名前も陵戸が変化した物と言う説があるが、日本書紀には「狭々城山君韓袋宿裲」(ささきやまぎみからふくろのすくね)が雄略天皇による押磐皇子謀殺に荷担したために罰せられ、死刑とする代わりに身分を落とし賤民である陵戸とされ全ての官籍を剥奪の上で山部連の下に置かれたが、同族の「置目老嫗」(おきめのおみな)が押磐皇子の遺骨の所在を知らせた功により置目老嫗の兄である「倭袋宿裲」が韓袋宿裲に代わり狭々城山君の姓を賜ったとある。
- There is a theory that the name Sasaki was changed from the ancestor's name, Misasagi no He, but in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) it was written that 'Sasakiyama gimi Karafukuro no Sukune' helped the Emperor Yuryaku to murder Prince Oshiha and was therefore demoted to the humble rank of Ryoko instead of receiving the death penalty and was transferred under Yamabe no muraji after being deprived of any title; however, because 'Okime no Omina' from his family confessed to where the remains of the Prince Oshiha were placed, 'Yamato Fukuro no Sukune', who was the brother of Okime no Omina, was given the name Sasakiyama gimi in place of Karafukuro no Sukune.
- 『日本書紀』をはじめ、中国や朝鮮の史書でも朝鮮半島への倭国の進出を示す記事が存在すること、『広開土王碑』に倭が新羅や百済を臣民としたと記されていること、またいくつもの、日本列島独特の墓制である前方後円墳が朝鮮半島で発見され始めたこと、そして新羅・百済・伽耶の勢力圏内で日本産のヒスイ製勾玉が大量に出土(高句麗の旧領では稀)したこと等の史実より、倭国と深い関連を持つ何らかの集団(倭国から派遣された官吏や軍人、倭国に臣従した在地豪族など)が伽耶地域において一定の軍事的影響力および経済的利権を有していたことはほぼ確実視されている。
- It is almost presumed from historical facts that some sort of group deeply related to Wakoku (such as government officials and military men dispatched by Wakoku or local powerful clans who served Wakoku) possessed certain military clout and economic interest in Gaya region (another name of Mimana); Wakoku's advance to the Korean Peninsula is recorded in history books of China and Korea as well as 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan); 'Gwanggaeto Stele' tells that Wakoku subjugated Silla and Baekje; large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds, which are peculiar to the Japanese archipelago, are starting to be discovered in the Korean Peninsula; a massive amount of Japanese jade magadama (comma-shaped beads) have been excavated in the influence area of Silla, Baekje and Gaya (rare in the former territory of Goguryeo).
- しかし、環濠集落の出現は、未だ戦闘の証拠がほとんどない弥生時代早期にさかのぼること(福岡県江辻遺跡、同那珂遺跡群など)、受傷人骨などの事例から戦乱が頻発したと考えられる前期後半~中期前半、特に中期初頭以降の北部九州ではむしろ環濠集落の事例は少ないこと、しばしば環濠を掘削する際に排出された土を利用して環濠の外側に盛り土をした痕跡のある事例が報告されているが、環濠の外側に盛り土をすることによって、外敵を有利にしてしまう(外敵は、盛り土を矢避けにしたり、盛り土の上から攻撃できる)ことなどから、環濠集落と戦乱とを直接的に関連づける、すなわち環濠集落を防衛集落と考える研究者は最近では少なくなってきている。
- However, recently not many researchers consider moat settlements as defensive and directly related with wars, for several reasons such as; the emergence of moat settlement goes back to earlier Yayoi period when there was very little evidence of battles (Etsuji site and Nakai sites in Fukuoka Prefecture), less moat settlements are excavated from northern Kyushu in the latter half of early period to first half of middle period, especially beginning of middle period when frequent wars were thought to have occurred from the evidence of human bones with trauma, and banks were created outside the moat in some cases using soil dug up to make the moat, which gives an advantage to the enemy (Enemy can use the bank as a shield against arrows and also can attack from the top of a bank.)
- この追放令が出た背景には諸説あり、秀吉が有馬の女性を連れてくるように命令した際にキリシタンであることを理由に住民が拒否し秀吉が激怒したとも、九州征伐に向かった秀吉の目の前で、当時の日本イエズス会準管区長でもあったコエリョがスペイン艦隊が自分の指揮下にあるごとく誇示した事が原因とも、九州の有馬氏や大村氏などのキリシタン大名が寺社仏閣を破壊すると同時に、僧侶にも迫害を加えたり教会へ莫大な寄進を行っていた事が理由とも、また織田信長から継承した旧来の寺社領を解体して統一政権の支配下におく政策をイエズス会領である長崎にも適用しようとしてイエズス会側が従わなかったとも、宣教師の一部が人身売買(日本人を奴隷商品として国外へ売り払う)を行っていた事が原因とも言われている。
- There are various theories about the issuing of this Expelling edict and the cause could be that Hideyoshi was furious at the residents rejecting his order to bring a woman of Arima because she was Christian, that Coelho, Vice-Provincial of the Society of Jesus in Japan at that time boasted as if the Spanish Armada was under his command in front of Hideyoshi during the expedition to Kyusyu, that the Christian feudal lords such as ARIMA and OMURA in Kyushu destroyed shrines and temples as well as persecuted monks and made huge donations to the churches, and that the Society of Jesus did not obey when he tried to apply the policy to Nagasaki, the domain of the Society, they dissolved the old domains of temples and shrines inherited from Nobunaga ODA and place them under a unified regime, and that some of the missionaries conducted human trafficking (selling the Japanese to outside Japan as slaves).
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