通訳: 200 Terms and Phrases

• 通訳
• interpretation (i.e. oral translation)
• interpreter
• to interpret
• translator
• Translators
• Language interpretation

• 通訳官
• official interpreter

• 通訳者
• interpreter

• 通訳人
• interpreter

• 通訳生
• Interpreter students

• 手話通訳
• sign-language interpret

• 通訳電話
• interpreting telephone
• interpreting telephone system

• 通訳する
• interpret

• 逐次通訳
• consecutive interpretation
• consecutive interpreting

• 通訳市場
• interpretation market

• 日英通訳
• Japanese-English interpreting

• 同時通訳
• simultaneous interpretation
• simultaneous translation

• 善意通訳
• goodwill guide
• volunteer guide and interpreter for foreign residents and tourists

• 通訳の求め
• Request for an interpreter

• 企業内通訳
• in-house interpreter

• 日本通訳学会
• Japan Association for Interpretation Studies
• JAIS

• 通訳及び翻訳
• interpretation and translation

• 新島襄：通訳
• Joe NIIJIMA:interpreter

• ギリシャ語通訳
• The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter

• 自動通訳電話機
• automatic interpreting telephoney machine

• 通訳人の立会い等
• Attendance of Interpreter, etc.

• 日本観光通訳協会
• Japan Guide Association

• 通訳又は翻訳の業務
• Interpretation or translation;

• 近東の通訳でガイド
• an interpreter and guide in the Near East

• 出頭した通訳人の氏名
• the name of the interpreter(s) who was present;

• 通訳人の尋問及び供述
• the questions asked during examination of and statements made by the interpreter(s);

• 私が同時通訳を務めた。
• I acted as a simultaneous interpreter.

• プロの通訳として通用する
• pass as a professional interpreter

• 通訳、翻訳又は速記の業務
• interpretation, translation, or shorthand writing work;

• ピーターは通訳しました。
• Peter interpreted.

• 同時通訳が彼女の憧れだ。
• Her dream is to become a simultaneous interpreter.

• 証人尋問・鑑定・通訳・翻訳
• Examination of witnesses, expert opinion, interpretation and translation

• 彼女は通訳として雇われた。
• She was engaged as an interpreter.

• 叔父は僕に通訳をやらせた。
• My uncle made me serve as interpreter.

• 通訳により審尋した場合の特則
• Special Rules for Interrogation Via an Interpreter

• 彼は彼女を通訳として雇った。
• He engaged her as an interpreter.

• その会合で私は通訳を務めた。
• I acted as interpreter at the meeting.

• 通訳及び翻訳 （第百三十六条）
• Interpretation and Translation (Article 136)

• 彼は私の通訳をつとめてくれた。
• He interpreted for me.

• 彼は同時通訳になる運命にある。
• He was destined to become a simultaneous interpreter.

• この時遠藤と井上が通訳をした。
• At that time, ENDO and INOUE acted as interpreters.

• 説明、通訳、あるいは、説明する人
• someone who expounds and interprets or explains

• 私たちは通訳の助けなしで話した。
• We talked without the aid of an interpreter.

• あの通訳は５か国語を自由に操る。
• That interpreter is a master of five languages.

• 彼女は、通訳を使って話をしました。
• She spoke through an interpreter.

• ユダヤ法のパレスチナ人のラビと通訳
• Palestinian rabbi and interpreter of Judaic law

• 通訳の仕事に応募したらどうですか。
• Why don't you apply for the job of interpreter?

• 同時通訳によって言語の障壁が崩れた。
• Simultaneous translation broke linguistic walls.

• 翻訳か通訳者になろうと勉強しています。
• I am studying to be a translator or interpreter.

• 私は彼のフランス語を日本語に通訳した。
• I interpreted what he said in French into Japanese.

• ホワイト博士が我々の通訳をして下さった。
• Dr. White acted as our interpreter.

• 彼女は通訳として働くことを強く望んでいる。
• She has a strong wish to work as an interpreter.

• 手のひら、茶葉、腸、空などの意味を通訳する
• interpret the significance of, as of palms, tea leaves, intestines, the sky

• ピーターは通訳してあげなければなりません。
• He had to translate.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述
• questions asked during examination of the witness(es), the expert witness(es), the interpreter(s), and the translator(s), and the statement given thereby;

• 出頭した証人、鑑定人、通訳人及び翻訳人の氏名
• the names of the witness(es), the expert witness(es), the interpreter(s), and the translator(s) who appeared;

• その社会主義者は女性の通訳を同伴させていた。
• The socialist was accompanied by a female interpreter.

• ディオゴ・メスキータ神父 通訳、イエズス会員
• Father Diogo Mesquita, interpreter, Jesuit

• 通訳及び翻訳については、前章の規定を準用する。
• The provisions of the preceding Chapter shall apply mutatis mutandis to interpretation and translation.

• 鑑定人に関する規定は、通訳人について準用する。
• The provisions concerning expert witnesses shall apply mutatis mutandis to interpreters.

• 出頭した当事者、代理人、補佐人及び通訳人の氏名
• Names of the parties, agents, assistants in court and interpreters who appeared

• あなたは訪問中の高官のスピーチを通訳できるか？
• Can you interpret the speech of the visiting dignitaries?

• 英国に留学経験があり、通訳や服飾担当を務めた。
• After she studied in England, she worked as an interpreter or an adviser on clothing.

• 前章の規定は、通訳及び翻訳についてこれを準用する。
• The provisions of the preceding Chapter shall apply mutatis mutandis to interpretation and translation.

• 彼女はその国際会議でボランティアの通訳として働いている。
• She is working as a volunteer interpreter at the international conference.

• 出頭した異議申立人、代理人、補佐人、参加人及び通訳人の氏名
• Names of the petitioner, representative, assistant in objection procedures, intervener, and interpreter who have appeared.

• 804年7月、通訳に門弟の義真を連れ、空海とおなじく九州を出発。
• In July, 804, accompanied by his disciple, Gishin, as a translator he left Kyushu, along with Kukai.

• 清との通訳としても活動し、『六諭衍義』を持ち帰って琉球に頒布した。
• He also worked as an interpreter to Qing and took 'Rikuyu engi' (interpretation of Rikuyu) back and distributed in Ryukyu.

• 民事訴訟法第百五十四条（通訳人の立会い等）の規定は、審判に準用する。
• Article 154 (attendance of interpreter, etc.) of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis to a trial.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人に対して過料又は費用の賠償を命ずる裁判
• A decision ordering a civil fine against or compensation of expenses for a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator; or

• ルイスとクラークの登山隊を途中まで案内したショショーニ族ガイドと通訳
• the Shoshone guide and interpreter who guided the Lewis and Clark expedition part of the way

• 箱館戦争中も非戦闘員として扱われ、通訳の田島応親よりフランス語を学ぶ。
• During the Hakodate War, he was treated as a noncombatant and learned French from an interpreter, Masachika TAJIMA.

• 審査官は、通訳人に対し、前項の調書に署名押印することを求めることができる。
• The investigator may ask the interpreter to sign and seal the record under the preceding paragraph.

• 家庭裁判所は、証人を尋問し、又は鑑定、通訳若しくは翻訳を命ずることができる。
• The family court may examine witnesses, or order to give expert opinion, or to make interpretation or translation.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問については、調書を作らなければならない。
• A record shall be made of the examination of witnesses, expert witnesses, interpreters, and translators.

• 国語に通じない者に陳述をさせる場合には、通訳人に通訳をさせなければならない。
• When the court has a person who is not proficient in the national language make a statement, it shall have an interpreter interpret it.

• 鞍作福利（くらつくりのふくり、生没年不詳）は、飛鳥時代の通事（＝通訳）である。
• KURATSUKURI no Fukuri (year of birth and death unknown) was an interpreter in the Asuka period.

• 以後は語学を活かし日清戦争では第一軍司令部通訳官、日露戦争でも軍務に従事した。
• Afterwards he used his language skills as his advantage and worked as an officer and interpreter for a command center of First Army Division in the Sino-Japanese War; he was also engaged in a military career in the Russo-Japanese War.

• 日本語に通じない者に陳述をさせる場合には、通訳人に通訳をさせなければならない。
• The relevant person shall have an interpreter interpret when a person who cannot communicate in Japanese language is made to give a statement.

• これはしょっちゅう言っているので、ウェンディにも通訳してもらう必要はありません。
• She had said it so often that Wendy needed no translation.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人は、裁判長又は陪席の裁判官が、まず、これを尋問する。
• The witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator shall first be examined by the presiding judge or an associate judge.

• 幕末から明治にかけて英語の通訳および翻訳方として外交交渉に尽くすところが多かった。
• He did a lot for diplomatic negotiations as an interpreter and translator of English from the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate to the Meiji era.

• これらフランス軍人の通訳は横浜仏語伝習所でフランス語を学んだ田島応親らが担当した。
• For communication to the French soldiers, Masachika TAJIMA who had learned French at Yokohama Futsugo Denshu Sho (French school under direct control of Bakufu) and others were in charge of interpreters.

• 鑑定人、通訳人若しくは翻訳人に出頭をさせ、又は鑑定、通訳若しくは翻訳をさせること。
• To summon expert witnesses, interpreters or translators, and request them to give expert opinion or interpret or translate in the course of an inquiry.

• 承和 (日本)3年（836年）に還俗し、遣唐使訳語（通訳）兼但馬国権掾に任ぜられた。
• He returned to a secular life in 836 and was appointed as Tajima no kuni Gon no jo (provincial inspector of Tajima Province) and as an interpreter for a Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China.

• 1906年、再度渡米し、通訳として鈴木大拙を伴い、アメリカ人に対して禅指導を行なった。
• In 1906, he visited the US again accompanied by Daisetsu SUZUKI as an interpreter and lectured on Zen Buddhism to Americans.

• 卒業の半年前に大学を中退し1878年パリ万国博覧会の通訳として貿易商社に入社しとして渡仏。
• He dropped out of the university six months before graduation and got employed by a trading company as an interpreter at the Paris World Exposition, and consequently went to France in 1878.

• また外交面でも活躍し、1863年（文久3年）の薩英戦争の際には幕府側通訳として和平に尽力。
• He also engaged in the field of foreign diplomacy, as he participated in the peace talks after the Anglo-Satsuma War in 1863 as an interpreter of Edo bakufu.

• 耳の聞えない者又は口のきけない者に陳述をさせる場合には、通訳人に通訳をさせることができる。
• When the court has a person who is unable to hear or speak make a statement, it may have an interpreter interpret it.

• また、長い留学生活で日本語能力は通訳が必要なほど退化しており、日本的風習にも不慣れであった。
• Moreover, Umeko had almost forgotten her Japanese language and needed an interpreter and also had difficulties with Japanese customs.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は宣誓した当事者若しくは法定代理人の虚偽の陳述が判決の証拠となったこと。
• False statements by a witness, an expert witness, interpreter or a party or statutory agent who had sworn were used as evidence for making the judgment.

• 原判決の証拠となつた証言、鑑定、通訳又は翻訳が確定判決により虚偽であつたことが証明されたとき。
• It has been proven through a final and binding judgment that testimony, expert evaluation, interpretation, or translation which served as evidence in the original judgment was false;

• 嘉永7年（1854年）のマシュー・ペリー来航の際も通訳を務め、その後江戸小石川に英語塾を開く。
• In 1854, during the visit of Matthew (Calbraith) PERRY to Japan, he served as an interpreter; after that, he founded an English school at Koishikawa, Edo.

• 資格認定審査請求人は、通訳人の立会いを必要とするときは、審査会に対してこれを求めることができる。
• The applicant of the appeal for review on the recognition of internment status may, when he/she needs the attendance of an interpreter, request it to the Review Board.

• 法律により宣誓した鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人が虚偽の鑑定、通訳又は翻訳をしたときは、前二条の例による。
• An expert witness or interpreter who has sworn in accordance with laws and gives a false expert opinion or makes a false interpretation or translation shall be dealt with in the same manner as prescribed for in the preceding two Articles.

• 彼らはヨセフが聞きわけているのを知らなかった。相互の間に通訳者がいたからである。 (創世記 42:23)
• They didn't know that Joseph understood them; for there was an interpreter between them. (Genesis 42:23)

• 外国奉行の通訳として採用され、1867年（慶応3年）には福澤諭吉らと幕府随員としてアメリカ合衆国へ洋行。
• He was employed as a translator for the magistrate of foreign affairs and went to the United States of America in 1867 with Yukichi FUKUZAWA as an attendant for the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 唐人屋敷に出入りを許された唐通事（中国語通訳）、地下役人や奉行所役人、さらに丸山の遊女等を介して普及した。
• These music spread via 'totsuji' (Chinese translators), 'jige yakunin' (lower-ranking officers of the Tokugawa shogunate) and officers of Nagasaki Magistrate's Office, and in addition, via 'yujo' (prostitutes) in Maruyama.

• 伊都国は外交の中心地で、魏や韓の国々の使節や通訳は、ここに停泊して文書や贈物の点検を受け女王に送っていた。
• The Ito state was the centre of diplomacy, where envoys and translators from Wei and Han stayed and had their written materials and gifts checked to send to the queen.

• 口がきけない者が前項の規定により遺言をする場合には、遺言者は、通訳人の通訳によりこれをしなければならない。
• In the case where a person who cannot speak makes a will pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the testator shall do so through an interpreter.

• 懲戒審査請求人は、前項の場合において、審査会の許可を得て、通訳人その他の補佐人とともに出頭することができる。
• The applicant of the appeal for application for review on disciplinary actions may, in the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, appear together with an interpreter or other assistants with the permission of the Review Board.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述並びにこれらの者を尋問する機会を尋問に立ち会つた者に与えたこと。
• the questions asked during examination of the witness, expert witness, interpreter, or translator, the statement given thereby, and the fact that the persons who were present at the examination were given the opportunity to examine said person;

• 鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人は、それぞれ政令で定めるところにより鑑定料、通訳料又は翻訳料を請求することができる。
• Expert witnesses, interpreters or translators may request fees for expert opinion, interpretation or translation, as provided for respectively in the Cabinet Order.

• 前項の場合において、遺言者が通訳人の通訳により申述したときは、公証人は、その旨を封紙に記載しなければならない。
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if a testator has given a statement through an interpreter, a notary public shall make an entry on the sealed document to that effect.

• 鑑定人及び通訳人は、鑑定料又は通訳料を請求し、及び鑑定又は通訳に必要な費用の支払又は償還を受けることができる。
• An expert witness or an interpreter may request a fee for expert testimony or for interpretation, and may receive payment or reimbursement of the expenses necessary for expert testimony or interpretation.

• 陪席の裁判官は、証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人を尋問するには、あらかじめ、その旨を裁判長に告げなければならない。
• For an associate judge to examine a witness, expert witness, interpreter, or translator, he/she shall notify the presiding judge to that effect in advance.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問を請求するときは、その氏名及び住居を記載した書面を差し出さなければならない。
• When filing a request for the examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator, the requester shall submit a document containing the name and residence of such person.

• 資格認定審査請求人は、前項の場合において、審査会の許可を得て、通訳人その他の補佐人とともに出頭することができる。
• The applicant of the appeal for review on the recognition of internment status may, in the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, appear together with an interpreter or other assistants with the permission of the Review Board.

• 通訳・医術の分野でともに優れた耕牛であったが、子息のうち医術は吉雄永久が、通詞は吉雄権之助がそれぞれ受け継いだ。
• He showed outstanding achievements both in the area of interpretation and medical science, and his sons, Eikyu YOSHIO as doctor and Gonnosuke YOSHIO as interpreter, succeeded Yoshio's works.

• 京都の学生通訳ガイド団体メンバーの一部が2006年に開催した「学生ガイドコンペティション」が発展したものである。
• It was the development of the 'Student Guide Competition' which was held by some members of a student interpreter/guide organization in Kyoto in 2006.

• このことから同文館を単なる通訳養成機関とは見ておらず、国際法普及の拠点と見なしていたことがわかる（佐藤1996）。
• From this, it can be understood that he did not look at Dobunkan as a mere training institute for bringing up interpreters but as a bases for making international law widely understood (Sato 1996).

• 海難審判所から証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人として召喚を受け、正当の理由がないのに出頭せず、又はその義務を尽さない者
• A person who fails to appear at a tribunal or perform duties with no justifiable grounds after he/she has been summoned as a witness, appraiser, interpreter or translator by the Japan Marine Accident Tribunal;

• 古典とは違い同時代の中国語で書かれた白話小説は、唐通事という当時の中国語通訳のための教科書として日本に持ち込まれた。
• Unlike classics, Hakuwa shosetsu was written in contemporary Chinese of that time, and it was brought into Japan as textbooks for interpreters of Chinese called Totsuji.

• 犯人蔵匿の罪、証憑湮滅の罪、偽証の罪、虚偽の鑑定通訳の罪及び贓物に関する罪とその本犯の罪とは、共に犯したものとみなす。
• The crimes of harboring criminals, suppressing evidence, perjury, false expert evidence or interpretation and the crime concerning stolen property on the one hand, and the crime of the principal offender on the other, shall be deemed to have been committed jointly.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人を尋問する旨の決定は、公判期日前にこれをする場合においても、これを送達することを要しない。
• An order for the examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator need not be served, even in the event that said order is issued prior to a trial date.

• 慶応元年（1865年）、奄美大島の製糖工場建設に携わったアイルランド人建築技術者・トーマス・ウォートルスの通訳を務める。
• In 1865, Kagenori served as the interpreter with Thomas WALTERS, an Irish 'Surveyor General,' who was involved with the construction of a sugar refining plant in the Amami-Oshima Island.

• そののち、東征軍および徳川家の情勢が全く不明であったことから、公使館通訳アーネスト・サトウを江戸へ派遣して情勢を探らせる。
• Later, Parkes dispatched the interpreter for the British delegation, Ernest SATOW, to Edo to ascertain the current situation, since Parkes did not have sufficient knowledge on the status of the 'expeditionary force to the east' and of the Tokugawa family.

• 長崎の役人で砲術家の山本物次郎宅に居候し、オランダ通詞（通訳などを仕事とする長崎の役人）のもとへ通ってオランダ語を学んだ。
• Yukichi lived in the house of Monojiro YAMAMOTO, who was an expert of gunnery and a public servant of Nagasaki, and learned the Dutch language under a Dutch translator, who worked as a Nagasaki official for interpreting and the like.

• 裁判長は、証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問をする場合には、訴訟関係人に対し、これらの者を尋問する機会を与えなければならない。
• In cases where the presiding judge examines a witness, expert witness, interpreter, or translator, he/she shall give the persons concerned in the case an opportunity to examine such persons.

• 証人、鑑定人、翻訳人及び通訳人に支給する旅費、日当、宿泊料その他の費用の額については、刑事訴訟費用に関する法令の規定を準用する。
• The provisions in laws and regulations concerning the costs of criminal proceedings shall apply mutatis mutandis to the travel expenses, daily allowances, accommodation fees and other costs payable to witnesses, expert witnesses, translators and interpreters.

• これは当初来日する外国商人は中国の開港場から来る者が多く、日本は漢字が通用するので中国人買弁が通訳として同行してきたためである。
• Chinatowns sprang up because at first most foreign merchants came to Japan from the treaty port concessions of China, and as Japanese people could understand written Chinese characters Chinese compradors accompanied the merchants as translators.

• 刑事訴訟法中、裁判所の行う証人尋問、鑑定、通訳及び翻訳に関する規定は、保護事件の性質に反しない限り、前項の場合に、これを準用する。
• The provisions in the Code of Criminal Procedure for examination of witnesses, expert opinion, interpretation and translation shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case set forth in the preceding paragraph unless contrary to the nature of the juvenile protection case.

• この法律の規定により出頭した証人、鑑定人、通訳人及び翻訳人には、国土交通省令の定めるところにより、旅費、日当及び宿泊料を支給する。
• Travel expenses, daily allowances and accommodation charges as provided for in the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, infrastructure, Transport and Tourism shall be paid to expert witnesses, appraisers, interpreters, and translators who appear before the tribunal pursuant to the provisions of this Act.

• その後、紆余曲折はあったが、日米和親条約の平和的締結に向け、通訳やアメリカの思惑や情勢を詳しく知る者として、時には裏方として尽力した。
• After arriving in Ryukyu, though initially faced with a number of difficulties, Manjiro's understanding of American motivations, as well as those of the Japanese, allowed him to serve as an interpreter during the treaty talks between the United States and the Empire of Japan.

• 大名行列とは異なり、朝鮮通信使は正使や副使などの外交官の他に随行員には美しく着飾った小童や楽隊、文化人、医師、通訳などが加わっていた。
• Unlike daimyo processions, Chosen Tsushinshi included, in addition to diplomatic officers, such as the head or deputy head of the envoy, children and a marching band wearing beautiful dresses, men of culture, doctors and interpreters.

• キリスト教の例で言えば、「マルコ_(福音記者)がペトロの通訳であったかどうか、そのマルコが福音書を書いたかどうか」は歴史学の対象となる。
• To take the case of Christianity as an example, the question of whether Mark (the evangelist) wrote the Gospel of Mark himself or was simply a translator for Peter is the subject of historical study.

• 753年（天平勝宝5年）唐から渡来した鑑真を大宰府に案内し、翌754年（天平勝宝6年）鑑真が入京した際には訳語（おさ＝通訳）をつとめた。
• In 753, he guided Ganjin, who came to Japan from Tang, to Dazaifu, Kyushu, and served as an interpreter for Ganjin when this reverend priest went to Kyoto in the following year 754.

• 翻訳、通訳、語学の指導、広報、宣伝又は海外取引業務、服飾若しくは室内装飾に係るデザイン、商品開発その他これらに類似する業務に従事すること。
• The applicant must engage in translation, interpretation, language instruction, public relations, overseas transactions, fashion or interior design, product development, or other, similar duties.

• 第十八条第二項又は第二十条第一項若しくは第二項の規定により支給すべき鑑定料、通訳料、報酬及び費用の額は、裁判所が相当と認めるところによる。
• The amount of a fee for expert testimony or interpretation, compensation, and expenses payable under the provisions of Article 18, paragraph (2) or Article 20, paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) shall be as considered reasonable by the court.

• 翌朝、通事（通訳）を使者として蒙古人に事情を尋ねたところ、蒙古軍は7、8艘の船から1千人ばかりが下り立ち、激しく矢を射かけて攻撃を始めた。
• The next morning, when a translator was sent to the Mongols as an envoy, asking for the reason of their raid, they answered with an intense attack of arrows shot by about one thousand troops unloaded from 7 to 8 ships.

• 福澤は、通訳として随行していた中浜万次郎（ジョン万次郎）とともに『ウェブスター大辞書』の抄略版を購入し、日本へ持ち帰って研究の助けとした。
• Yukichi and Manjiro NAKAHAMA (John Manjiro,) who attended the embassy as an interpreter, bought copies of the concise edition of 'Webster's English Dictionary' which they used in studying English in Japan.

• 襄の語学力に目をつけた木戸孝允は、1872年（明治5年）4月16日から1873年（明治6年）1月にかけて自分付けの通訳として使節団に参加させた。
• Joe's proficiency in English came to the attention of Takayoshi KIDO, who asked Joe to serve as his interpreter, so Joe joined the Mission and worked as an interpreter from April 16, 1872 to January of 1873.

• 文久2年（1862年）には開港延期問題で渡欧した竹内保徳遣欧使節団の通訳としてオールコックと同船でイギリスに赴き、使節一行とロンドンで合流する。
• In 1862, he left for England by a ship which Alcock also took and joined a mission and served as interpreter; the mission was led by Yasunori TAKEUCHI and had been sent to Europe in order to settle the issue of the postponement of opening the port.

• 裁判長は、必要と認めるときは、何時でも訴訟関係人の証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人に対する尋問を中止させ、自らその事項について尋問することができる。
• When the presiding judge finds it to be necessary, he/she may have a person concerned in the case stop questioning a witness, expert witness, interpreter, or translator at any time, and ask a question with regard to such matter himself/herself.

• それによると、この条約により各地の港が開かれ、役人や通訳などの直接外国人と交渉をする立場の人間を中心として、服装の西洋化が広まっていくことになる。
• According to this theory, westernized clothing style became widespread mainly among officers or interpreters who had negotiations with foreigners in person after ports throughout Japan were opened due to the treaty.

• 9月下旬、カールスルーエで開催される第四回赤十字社会議の日本代表（首席）としてドイツを訪れていた石黒忠悳軍医監に随行し、通訳官として同会議に出席。
• In late September, he accompanied Tadanori ISHIGURO, Surgeon Major General - visiting Germany as head Japanese representative at the 4th Red Cross Society Conference in Karlsruhe - to the conference as his interpreter official.

• 短編小説「花子」は、ロダンと花子との間を通訳をした人物が森鴎外の息子（森於菟）の家庭教師だったため、その人物から花子の話を聞いて書かれたものである。
• The short novel, 'Hanako' was written based on what was heard from the interpreter between Rodin and Hanako, who happened to be the private tutor of Ogai MORI's son (Oto MORI).

• 口がきけない者が前項の規定により遺言をする場合には、遺言者は、証人の前で、遺言の趣旨を通訳人の通訳により申述して、同項の口授に代えなければならない。
• In the case where a person who cannot speak makes a will pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the testator shall state of the tenor of that will through an interpreter before the witnesses, in lieu of the oral instruction of the same paragraph.

• その後は九州において活躍していたが、1580年巡察師アレッサンドロ・ヴァリニャーノの来日に際しては通訳として視察に同行し、安土城で信長に拝謁している。
• After that time, though Frois was working actively in Kyushu he accompanied the Jesuit Visitor Allessandro Valignano as a translator during his visit to Japan in 1580, and he had an audience with Nobunaga at Azuchi Castle.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人を尋問する旨の決定があつたときは、その取調を請求した訴訟関係人は、これらの者を期日に出頭させるように努めなければならない。
• When an order for the examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator has been issued, the person concerned in the case who has filed the request for said examination shall endeavor to have such person appear on the date for the examination.

• 公判廷における証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述、被告人に対する質問及び供述並びに訴訟関係人の申立又は陳述については、第四十条の規定を準用する。
• The provisions of Article 40 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the questions asked during examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator, the statement given thereby, the questions asked of and the statement given by the accused, and the motions and statements made by any person concerned in the case.

• こうした背景のもと、日露戦争中に日本軍通訳をつとめた宋秉畯が日本の影響下に政治改革のための組織を計画したが、この計画は元独立協会系の人々に受け入れられた。
• Due to this background, Song Byung-joon who had served as an interpreter for Japanese Army in Russo-Japanese War designed an organization for the political reform against the Japanese influence, and this plan was accepted by people who had followed the independence club before.

• 証人、鑑定人及び通訳人は、旅費、日当及び宿泊料を請求することができる。ただし、正当な理由がなく、宣誓又は証言、鑑定若しくは通訳を拒んだ者は、この限りでない。
• A witness, expert witness, or interpreter may request travel expenses, a daily allowance, and accommodation charges; provided, however, that this shall not apply to a person who has refused to swear under oath or testify, give expert testimony, or interpret without justifiable grounds.

• 審査官は、通訳人の通訳により事件関係人又は参考人を審尋したときは、審尋調書に、その旨及び通訳人の通訳により当該調書を読み聞かせた旨を記載しなければならない。
• An investigator shall, when he/she has interrogated a person concerned with a case or a witness with an interpreter interpreting, state to that effect in the interrogation record, as well as to the effect that the investigator read the record to the person with an interpreter interpreting.

• 検察官、被告人又は弁護人が証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問を請求するについては、あらかじめ、相手方に対し、その氏名及び住居を知る機会を与えなければならない
• When requesting examination of a witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator, the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel shall give his/her opponent an opportunity to know the name and address of that person in advance.

• このころ父・津田仙との確執もあったことから、梅子は伊藤への英語指導や通訳のため雇われて伊藤家に滞在、歌子からは日本語を学び、「桃夭女塾」へ英語教師として通う。
• Since she had a conflict with her father, Sen TSUDA around this time, she stayed at Ito's house to work as his English teacher and an interpreter where she learned Japanese from Utako and began teaching English at 'Toyo Girls' School.'

• この法律の規定により宣誓した証人、鑑定人又は通訳人が特許庁又はその嘱託を受けた裁判所に対し虚偽の陳述、鑑定又は通訳をしたときは、三月以上十年以下の懲役に処する。
• A witness, an expert witness or an interpreter who has taken an oath under this Act and made a false statement or given a false expert opinion or a false interpretation before the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a term of between three months and ten years.
• A witness, an expert witness or an interpreter who has sworn under this Act and made a false statement or given a false expert opinion or interpretation to the Patent Office or the court commissioned thereby shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a term between three months and ten years.
• A witness, an expert witness or an interpreter who has sworn under this Act and made a false statement or given an expert opinion or interpretation to the Patent Office or the court commissioned thereby shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a term between three month and ten years.

• 前条本文の規定により証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述を速記した速記録を調書の一部とするについては、第三十八条第三項から第六項までの規定による手続をしない。
• The proceedings under the provisions of Article 38, paragraphs (3) through (6) shall not be carried out for the process of deeming that a stenographic record of the questions asked during examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator and the statement given thereby constitute a part of the examination record pursuant to the provisions of the main clause of the preceding Article.

• 従事しようとする業務に関連する業務について三年以上の実務経験を有すること。ただし、大学を卒業した者が翻訳、通訳又は語学の指導に係る業務に従事する場合は、この限りでない。
• The applicant must have at least 3 years' experience in the relevant duties; provided, however, that this shall not apply to cases where the applicant who has graduated from university is to engage in translation, interpretation, or language instruction.

• 楚州の新羅人約語（通訳のこと）・劉慎言に帰国の便船探しを頼み（彼は新羅語・唐語・日本語を操れるトリリンガルであった）、彼の見つけた新羅商人金珍の貿易船に便乗して帰国する。
• He asked Shun-yin LAU, the Sillan interpreter from Chuzhou (a trilingual who could speak Sillan, Chinese, and Japanese), to find a ship to Japan, and they returned on the ship of Jin KIM, a Sillan merchant.

• 前条の規定により証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述を録音した録音体を反訳した調書を作成する場合においては、第三十八条第三項から第六項までの規定による手続をしない。
• In the event that the examination record has been created by transcribing a sound recording of the questions asked during examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator and the statement given thereby pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the proceedings under the provisions of Article 38, paragraphs (3) through (6) shall not be carried out.

• マーティンは『万国公法』刊行後、1865年に設立された同文館という外交における通訳者養成を目的とする公立語学校の英語・国際法・政治学の教師の職に就き、後日校長に昇進している。
• After publication of 'Bankoku Koho,' Martin assumed the job of teacher for English language, international law and politics in Tongwen Guan, which was a public language school established in 1865 with a purpose to bring up interpreters in the field of diplomacy, and, later, he was promoted to the school master.

• この協定は、東京で日本の桂首相とウィリアム・タフト特使が1905年7月27日の朝から外務次官珍田捨巳の通訳の下で行なった会合の記録から、長い機密の会話の部分で構成されている。
• This agreement consists of meeting records containing portions of a long, confidential conversation between the Japanese Prime Minister Katsura and the US special envoy Taft with the help of a translator, Sutemi CHINDA, the Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, held in Tokyo on the morning of July 27, 1905.

• 18世紀と19世紀のオスマン帝国では、トルコやアラブの権威者のためのヨーロッパ言語通訳者およびほとんどの通訳ガイドはギリシャ人であった（その多くが政府の高い役職に就いていた）
• in the Ottoman Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries a translator of European languages for the Turkish and Arab authorities and most dragomans were Greek (many reached high positions in the government)

• 吉雄 耕牛（よしお こうぎゅう、享保9年（1724年） - 寛政12年8月16日（1800年10月4日）））は、日本の江戸時代中期のオランダ語通詞（江戸幕府公式通訳）、蘭方医。
• Kogyu YOSHIO (1724 - October 4, 1800) was a Ranpoi (a person who studied Western medicine by means of the Dutch language) and a Japanese-Dutch interpreter (official interpreter of the Edo shogunate) who lived during the middle of the Edo period.

• 森山 栄之助（もりやま えいのすけ、または森山多吉郎、文政3年6月1日 (旧暦)（1820年7月10日） - 明治4年（1871年））は、江戸時代に活躍した日本の通詞（通訳）。
• Einosuke MORIYAMA (also referred to as Takichiro MORIYAMA, July 10, 1820 - 1871) was a Japanese interpreter in the Edo period.

• 前条の遺言者又は証人が耳が聞こえない者である場合には、公証人は、同条第三号に規定する筆記した内容を通訳人の通訳により遺言者又は証人に伝えて、同号の読み聞かせに代えることができる。
• In the case where the testator or a witness of the preceding Article is deaf, a notary public may convey the written contents of the provision of item (iii) of the same Article to the testator or witness through an interpreter, in lieu of the reading aloud provided for in the same item.

• 検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察職員は、犯罪の捜査をするについて必要があるときは、被疑者以外の者の出頭を求め、これを取り調べ、又はこれに鑑定、通訳若しくは翻訳を嘱託することができる。
• A public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official may ask any person other than the suspect to appear in their office, interrogate him/her or request him/her to appraise, translate or interpret if it is necessary for the investigation of a crime.

• その後最澄に師事し、804年（延暦23年）中国語の通訳として最澄とともに唐へ渡り、最澄と同じく道邃（どうすい）から円頓戒を、順暁（じゅんぎょう）から密教の付法をうけ日本へ帰国した。
• After this stage he became the disciple of Saicho, and in 804 he crossed over to Tang China with Saicho as an interpreter of Chinese; he returned to Japan after receiving both the Endon precepts from Daosui (a Chinese Tiantai (Tendai) monk) and the dharmic transmission of Vajrayana (esoteric) rituals from Shunxiao, exactly as Saicho did.

• 初期には通訳を務めたヤジロウのキリスト教知識のなさから、キリスト教の神を「大日如来」と訳して「大日を信じなさい」と説いたため、仏教の一派と勘違いされ、僧侶に歓待されたこともあった。
• Yajiro, who served as an interpreter translated Christian God as 'Dainichi Nyorai' (Mahavairocana) at the beginning and taught people to believe in 'Dainichi' (an abbreviation of Dainichi Nyorai) from his lack of Christianity knowledge that Christianity was misinterpreted as a school of Buddhism and was warmly invited by priests.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述並びに訴訟関係人の申立又は陳述については、裁判所速記官その他の速記者にこれを速記させ、又は録音装置を使用してこれを録取させることができる。
• With regard to the questions asked during the examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator, the statement given thereby, and the motions and statements made by any person concerned in the case, the court or any judge may have them taken down in stenographic notes by a court stenographer or any other stenographer, or may have them recorded using a sound recorder.

• この法律の規定により特許庁又はその嘱託を受けた裁判所から呼出しを受けた者が正当な理由がないのに出頭せず、又は宣誓、陳述、証言、鑑定若しくは通訳を拒んだときは、十万円以下の過料に処する。
• A person who has been summoned by the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby in accordance with this Act and fails to appear or refuses to take an oath, make a statement, testify, give an expert opinion or interpret without a just cause shall be liable to a non-penal fine not exceeding 100,000yen.

• この法律の規定により特許庁又はその嘱託を受けた裁判所から呼出しを受けた者が、正当な理由がないのに出頭せず、又は宣誓、陳述、証言、鑑定若しくは通訳を拒んだときは、十万円以下の過料に処する。
• A person who has been summoned by the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby in accordance with this Act, and fails to appear or refuses to swear, make a statement, testify, give an expert opinion or interpret, without a justifiable reason, shall be punished by a civil fine not exceeding 100,000 yen.
• A person who has been summoned by the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby in accordance with this Act, and fails to appear or refuses to swear, make a statement, testify, give an expert opinion or interpret without a justifiable reason shall be punished by a civil fine not exceeding 100,000 yen.
• A person(s) who has been summoned by the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby in accordance with this Act, and fails to appear or refuses to swear, make a statement, testify, give an expert opinion or interpret without a justifiable reason shall be punished by a civil fine not exceeding 100,000 yen.

• 懲戒処分を行うときは、あらかじめ、反則行為をした疑いのある被収容者に事実の要旨を告げた上、弁解の機会を与えなければならない。この場合において、当該被収容者は、通訳人による通訳を求めることができる。
• In cases of imposing disciplinary actions, an officer having disciplinary authority shall notify the essential facts to the detainees suspected of committing disciplinary offense and provide an opportunity for explanation in advance. In this case, said detainee may request interpretation by interpreters.

• 口頭弁論に関与する者が日本語に通じないとき、又は耳が聞こえない者若しくは口がきけない者であるときは、通訳人を立ち会わせる。ただし、耳が聞こえない者又は口がきけない者には、文字で問い、又は陳述をさせることができる。
• If a person who participates in oral argument is unable to communicate in Japanese, or unable to hear or speak, an interpreter shall attend the oral argument; provided, however, that in the case of a person who is unable to hear or speak, it shall be permissible to ask questions of him/her or have him/her make statements by means of writing.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述並びに訴訟関係人の申立て又は陳述を録音させた場合において、裁判所又は裁判官が相当と認めるときは、録音したもの（以下「録音体」という。）を反訳した調書を作成しなければならない。
• In the event that a sound recording has been made of the questions asked during examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator, the statement given thereby, and the motions and statements made by any person concerned in the case, if the court or any judge finds it to be appropriate, the examination record shall be created by transcribing the sounds recorded (hereinafter referred to as the 'sound recording').

• 証人、鑑定人及び通訳人は、あらかじめ旅費、日当、宿泊料又は前項の費用の支払を受けた場合において、正当な理由がなく、出頭せず、又は宣誓、証言、鑑定若しくは通訳を拒んだときは、その支払を受けた金額を返納しなければならない。
• Where a witness, expert witness, or interpreter receives an advance of funds for the payment of travel expenses, daily allowance, or accommodation charges or the expenses set forth in the preceding paragraph, if he/she fails to appear, refuses to swear under oath, testify, give expert testimony, or interpret without justifiable grounds, he/she shall return the amount received.

• フェノロサの通訳を勤めており助手であった岡倉覚三（のちの天心）らはこれに大きく力づけられ、1889年に東京美術学校（後の東京藝術大学）を開くと、西洋画の教育を排し、絵画としては橋本雅邦らを教師として日本画科をのみ設けた。
• Kakusan (later called Tenshin) OKAKURA, who worked as a interpreter and assistant for Fenollosa, was much encouraged by this experience and established The Tokyo Art School (later Tokyo Art University) in 1889 which did not teach western painting but had only a Nihon-ga faculty with teachers including Gaho HASHIMOTO.

• 公判廷における証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述、被告人に対する質問及び供述並びに訴訟関係人の申立て又は陳述を録音させた場合において、裁判所が相当と認めるときは、録音体を反訳した公判調書を作成しなければならない。
• In the event that a sound recording has been made of the questions asked during examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator, the statement given thereby, the questions asked of and the statement given by the accused, and the motions and statements made by any person concerned in the case in open court, if the court finds it to be appropriate, the trial record shall be created by transcribing said sound recording.

• 公判準備において裁判所、受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人を尋問する場合の調書については、被告人又は弁護人が尋問に立ち会い、且つ立ち会つた訴訟関係人及び供述者が同意したときは、次の例によることができる。
• In cases where the court, an authorized judge, or a commissioned judge examines a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator during trial preparation, an examination record may be made according to the following rules, if the accused or his/her defense counsel is present at the examination and if the persons concerned in the case who are present and the person who gives the statement consent thereto:

• やがて在番仮屋が廃されて、「沖縄県警部派出所」が設けられたが、島内の下里村在住の士族、下地利社（しもじ りしゃ）という25歳の若者が、同年7月8日、この派出所に通訳兼雑用人として採用され、県官吏の傭人として働くようになった。
• Later, Zaiban kaiya was abolished and the 'branch station of Okinawa Prefectural Police' was established, where a 25 year-old young man, Risha SHIMOJI who lived in Shimozato Village on the island, was hired on July 8 of the same year as a translator as well as an office boy and worked for the government officials.

• 一方、新政府側でも19日大久保と寺島宗則が、新政権の諸外国への承認獲得と外交の継続宣言をすべく、アーネスト・サトウ（英国公使館付通訳）やシャルル・ド・モンブラン（フランス貴族）と協議し、新政権から諸外国への通達詔書を作成する。
• The new administration, in the meantime, issued an imperial edict to foreign countries which was written by Okubo and Munenori TERASHIMA upon consultation with Ernest Mason Satow (interpreter of the British legation) and Charles de Montblanc (French nobleman) in order to win recognition for the new administration from foreign countries and to declare the continuation of diplomacy.

• 第一項後段の遺言者又は他の証人が耳が聞こえない者である場合には、遺言の趣旨の口授又は申述を受けた者は、同項後段に規定する筆記した内容を通訳人の通訳によりその遺言者又は他の証人に伝えて、同項後段の読み聞かせに代えることができる。
• In the case where the testator, or a witness, referred to in the second sentence of paragraph (1) is deaf, the person who has received the statement or oral instruction of the tenor of the will shall convey to the testator or other witnesses the written contents referred to in the provision of that sentence through an interpreter in lieu of the reading aloud provided for in that sentence.

• 公判準備における証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述を録音した録音体を反訳した調書を作成する場合には、前二項の規定を適用しない。ただし、供述者が録音体の再生を請求したときは、第二項第一号及び第二号の手続をしなければならない。
• In the event that the examination record has been created by transcribing a sound recording of the questions asked during examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator and the statement given thereby during trial preparation, the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall not apply; provided, however, that the proceedings set forth in paragraph (2), items (i) and (ii) shall be carried out when the person who gave the statements requests that the sound recordings be played back to him/her.

• 公判準備における証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述を速記した速記録を調書の一部とする場合には、前二項の規定を適用しない。ただし、供述者が速記原本の訳読を請求したときは、第二項第一号及び第二号に定める手続をしなければならない。
• In the case where it is deemed that the stenographic record of the questions asked during examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator and the statement given thereby during the trial preparation constitute a part of the examination record, the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall not apply; provided, however, that the proceedings specified in paragraph (2), items (i) and (ii) shall be carried out when the person who gave the statement requests an oral translation of the stenographic notes.

• 承認の取消処分に係る聴聞の当事者は、意見の陳述、質問及び聴聞の主宰者が発した質問に対する陳述を外国語によりするときは、自己の負担で通訳人に通訳をさせなければならない。自己が意見の聴取を求めた参考人が外国語により陳述するときも、同様とする。
• If a party to the hearing concerning the action of rescission of Approval makes a statement of opinion, asks a question and makes a statement in response to a question posed by an officer presiding over the hearing, in a foreign language, the party shall have an interpreter translate them at his/her expense. The same shall apply in the case where a witness to be heard at the request of a party is to make a statement in a foreign language.

• 『鉄炮記』によれば、種子島への鉄砲伝来は天文 (元号)12年8月25日 (旧暦)（ユリウス暦1543年9月23日）の出来事で、大隅国（鹿児島県）種子島西之浦湾に漂着した中国船に乗っていた「五峰」と名乗る明の儒生が西村織部と筆談で通訳を行う。
• According to 'Teppoki' (a history book on the introduction of guns), firearms were first brought to Tanegashima Island on October 3, 1543 by a Chinese ship tossed ashore on Nishinoura Bay of Tanegashima Island, Osumi Province (Kagoshima Prefecture) and a Confucian scholar from Ming onboard, who identified himself as Goho, worked as a translator for Oribe NISHIMURA by using written messages.

• 口がきけない者が秘密証書によって遺言をする場合には、遺言者は、公証人及び証人の前で、その証書は自己の遺言書である旨並びにその筆者の氏名及び住所を通訳人の通訳により申述し、又は封紙に自書して、第九百七十条第一項第三号の申述に代えなければならない。
• In the case where a will by sealed and notarized document is made by a person who cannot speak, the testator shall make a statement to the effect that the certificate is one's own will, giving the author's name and address through an interpreter, or by his/her own hand upon the sealed document, in lieu of the statement of item (iii) of paragraph (1) of Article 970.

• 留置業務管理者は、被留置者又はその面会の相手方が国語に通じない場合には、外国語による面会を許すものとする。この場合において、発言の内容を確認するため通訳が必要であるときは、内閣府令で定めるところにより、その被留置者にその費用を負担させることができる。
• In cases where a detainee or the other party of a visit does not have a sufficient command of the national language, the detention services manager shall permit the visit in a foreign language. In this case, if translation is necessary in order to examine the oral statements, then the detention services manager may, pursuant to a Cabinet Office Ordinance, charge the expenses thereby incurred to the detainee.

• 東京高等裁判所は、第一項の審査をするについて必要があるときは、証人を尋問し、又は鑑定、通訳若しくは翻訳を命ずることができる。この場合においては、その性質に反しない限り、刑事訴訟法第一編第十一章から第十三章まで及び刑事訴訟費用に関する法令の規定を準用する。
• The Tokyo High Court may, when it is necessary to carry out the examination provided for in paragraph (1) above, examine witnesses, order examination by an expert, interpretation or translation. In this case, the provisions of Chapters XI through XIII of Part I of the Code of Criminal Procedure and of those laws and regulations concerning the costs of criminal proceedings shall apply mutatis mutandis, insofar as such application is not incompatible with the nature of the proceedings.

• 海難審判所は、前条第一項の証拠の取調べとして証人に証言をさせ、鑑定人に鑑定をさせ、通訳人に通訳をさせ、又は翻訳人に翻訳をさせる場合には、これらの者に国土交通省令で定める方法により宣誓をさせなければならない。ただし、国土交通省令で定める者には、宣誓をさせないことができる。
• In the case that a Japan Maritime Accident Tribunal requests a witness to testify, an expert witness to give an expert opinion, an interpreter to interpret or a translator to translate in examining evidences set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, it shall have such person take an oath in accordance with the proceedings provided for in the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; provided, however, that persons provided for in the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism may not be required to take an oath.

• 検察官、被告人又は弁護人は、前項の尋問が終つた後、裁判長に告げて、その証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人を尋問することができる。この場合において、その証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の取調が、検察官、被告人又は弁護人の請求にかかるものであるときは、請求をした者が、先に尋問する。
• The public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel may, by notifying the presiding judge, examine the witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator after the examination prescribed in the preceding paragraph. In this case, when the examination of the witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator pertains to the request of the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel, the one who made the request shall examine them first.

• 海上保安留置業務管理者は、海上保安被留置者又はその面会の相手方が国語に通じない場合には、外国語による面会を許すものとする。この場合において、発言の内容を確認するため通訳が必要であるときは、国土交通省令で定めるところにより、その海上保安被留置者にその費用を負担させることができる。
• In cases where a coast guard detainee or the other party of a visit does not have a sufficient command of the national language, the coast guard detention services manager shall permit the visit in a foreign language. In this case, if translation is necessary in order to examine the oral statements, then the coast guard detention services manager may, pursuant to an Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism, charge the expenses thereby incurred to the coast guard detainee.

• 訴訟関係人が同意し、且つ裁判長が相当と認めるときは、公判調書には、被告人に対する質問及びその供述並びに証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述の記載に代えて、これらの者の供述の要旨のみを記載することができる。この場合には、その公判調書に訴訟関係人が同意した旨を記載しなければならない。
• If the persons concerned in the case give their consent and the presiding judge finds it to be appropriate, in lieu of entering the questions asked of the accused, the statement given thereby, and the questions asked during examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator, and the statement given thereby, the court may enter a summary of these persons' statements in the trial record. In this case, an entry to the effect that the persons concerned in the case have given their consent shall be included in said trial record.

• 公判廷における証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述、被告人に対する質問及び供述並びに訴訟関係人の申立て又は陳述を録音させた場合において、裁判所が相当と認め、かつ、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人が同意したときは、録音体を公判調書に引用し、訴訟記録に添付して公判調書の一部とすることができる。
• In the case of having a sound recording made of the questions asked during examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator, the statement given thereby, the questions asked of and the statement given by the accused, and the motions and statements made by a person concerned in the case in open court, if the court finds it to be appropriate and the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her defense counsel give their consent, the sound recording may be deemed to constitute a part of the trial record by quoting it in the trial record and attaching it to the case record.

• 口がきけない者が公正証書によって遺言をする場合には、遺言者は、公証人及び証人の前で、遺言の趣旨を通訳人の通訳により申述し、又は自書して、前条第二号の口授に代えなければならない。この場合における同条第三号の規定の適用については、同号中「口述」とあるのは、「通訳人の通訳による申述又は自書」とする。
• In the case where a will by notarized document is made by a person who cannot speak, the testator shall make a statement of the tenor of the will through an interpreter, or by his/her own hand, in lieu of the oral instruction of item (ii) of the preceding Article. In this case, in the application of the provision of item (iii) of the same Article, 'oral instruction' in that item shall become 'statement through an interpreter, or by his/her own hand'.

• 裁判長は、被告人、証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人が特定の傍聴人の面前（証人については、法第百五十七条の三第二項に規定する措置を採る場合及び法第百五十七条の四第一項に規定する方法による場合を含む。）で充分な供述をすることができないと思料するときは、その供述をする間、その傍聴人を退廷させることができる。
• When the presiding judge believes a witness, expert witness, interpreter, or translator to be unable to give sufficient testimony in the presence of a specific observer (with regard to a witness, this includes cases where the measures prescribed in Article 157-3, paragraph (2) of the Code have been taken, and cases where the method prescribed in Article 157-4, paragraph (1) of the Code is adopted), he/she may have said observer leave the court while said witness, expert witness, interpreter, or translator gives his/her testimony.

• 検察官、被告人又は弁護人が証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問を請求するについては、あらかじめ、相手方に対し、その氏名及び住居を知る機会を与えなければならない。証拠書類又は証拠物の取調を請求するについては、あらかじめ、相手方にこれを閲覧する機会を与えなければならない。但し、相手方に異議のないときは、この限りでない。
• When requesting examination of a witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator, the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel shall give his/her opponent an opportunity to know the name and address of that person in advance. When requesting examination of documentary or material evidence, the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel shall give his/her opponent an opportunity to inspect the evidence in advance; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the opponent has no objection.

• 家庭裁判所は、少年又はこれを扶養する義務のある者から証人、鑑定人、通訳人、翻訳人、参考人、第二十二条の三第三項（第二十二条の五第四項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により選任された付添人及び補導を委託された者に支給した旅費、日当、宿泊料その他の費用並びに少年鑑別所及び少年院において生じた費用の全部又は一部を徴収することができる。
• The family court may collect from the Juvenile or the person with a duty to support the Juvenile all or part of the travel expenses, daily allowances, accommodation charges and other costs paid to witnesses, expert witnesses, interpreters, translators, relevant persons, attendants appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 22-3, paragraph (3) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 22-5, paragraph (4)) and those commissioned to give correctional guidance, and the costs incurred by the juvenile classification home and juvenile training school.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述並びに訴訟関係人の申立又は陳述を裁判所速記官に速記させた場合には、速記録を調書に引用し、訴訟記録に添附して調書の一部とするものとする。ただし、裁判所又は裁判官が、尋問又は手続に立ち会つた検察官及び被告人、被疑者又は弁護人の意見を聴き、速記録の引用を相当でないと認めるときは、この限りでない。
• In the case of having a court stenographer take stenographic notes of the questions asked during examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator, the statement given thereby, and the motions and statements made by persons concerned in the case, the stenographic record shall be deemed to constitute a part of that examination record by quoting it in the examination record and attaching it to the case record; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the court or the judge finds it to be inappropriate for the stenographic record to be quoted after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused, the suspect, or the defense counsel who was present at the examination or during the proceedings.

• 公判廷における証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述、被告人に対する質問及び供述並びに訴訟関係人の申立又は陳述を裁判所速記官に速記させた場合には、速記録を公判調書に引用し、訴訟記録に添附して公判調書の一部とするものとする。ただし、裁判所が、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人の意見を聴き、速記録の引用を相当でないと認めるときは、この限りでない。
• In the case of having a court stenographer take stenographic notes of the questions asked during examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator, the statement given thereby, the questions asked of and the statement given by the accused, and the motions and statements made by any person concerned in the case in open court, the stenographic record shall be deemed to constitute a part of the trial record by quoting it in the trial record and attaching it to the case record; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the court finds it to be inappropriate for the stenographic record to be quoted after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused, the suspect, or the defense counsel.

• 刑事施設の長は、被収容者又はその面会等（面会又は第百四十六条第一項に規定する通信をいう。以下この条において同じ。）の相手方が国語に通じない場合には、外国語による面会等を許すものとする。この場合において、発言又は通信の内容を確認するため通訳又は翻訳が必要であるときは、法務省令で定めるところにより、その被収容者にその費用を負担させることができる。
• In cases where an inmate or the other party of visits, etc. (i.e. visits and the communication prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 146; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article) does not have a sufficient command of the national language, the warden of the penal institution shall permit a visit, etc. in a foreign language. In this case, if interpretation or translation is necessary in order to examine the oral statements or the communication, then the warden of the penal institution may, pursuant to a Ministry of Justice Ordinance, charge the expenses thereby incurred to the inmate.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人　その氏名及び住居を知る機会を与え、かつ、その者の供述録取書等のうち、その者が公判期日において供述すると思料する内容が明らかになるもの（当該供述録取書等が存在しないとき、又はこれを閲覧させることが相当でないと認めるときにあつては、その者が公判期日において供述すると思料する内容の要旨を記載した書面）を閲覧し、かつ、謄写する機会を与えること。
• In the case of a witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator,　an opportunity shall be given to know their names and addresses and to inspect and copy their recorded statement documents which reveal the contents of that which they are supposed to state at the trial (documents which contain a gist of the contents that they are supposed to state at the trial when there are no such recorded statement documents or when such materials are deemed inappropriate for inspection)
• In the case of a witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator,an opportunity shall be given to know their names and addresses and to inspect and copy their recorded statement documents which reveal the contents of that which they are supposed to state at the trial (documents which contain a gist of the contents that they are supposed to state at the trial when there are no such recorded statement documents or when such materials are deemed inappropriate for inspection)

• 聴覚、言語機能、音声機能その他の障害のため意思疎通を図ることに支障がある障害者等その他の日常生活を営むのに支障がある障害者等につき、手話通訳等（手話その他厚生労働省令で定める方法により当該障害者等とその他の者の意思疎通を仲介することをいう。）を行う者の派遣、日常生活上の便宜を図るための用具であって厚生労働大臣が定めるものの給付又は貸与その他の厚生労働省令で定める便宜を供与する事業
• Services which dispatch sign language interpreters, etc. (means to mediate the following persons with disabilities, or others and other persons with a sign language or other means prescribed in Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare) for such persons with disabilities, or others having difficulties communicating due to disabilities of auditory sense, language functions, phonetic functions or other disabilities or persons with disabilities, or others who have other problems that interfere with the enjoyment of daily life; and provide or lend tools to afford benefit in daily life which is specified by Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare; or provide other benefit prescribed in Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

• 公判調書が次回の公判期日までに整理されなかつたときは、裁判所は、検察官、被告人又は弁護人の請求により、次回の公判期日において又はその期日までに、前回の公判期日における証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問及び供述、被告人に対する質問及び供述並びに訴訟関係人の申立て又は陳述を録音した録音体又は法第百五十七条の四第二項の規定により証人の尋問及び供述並びにその状況を記録した記録媒体について、再生する機会を与えなければならない。
• If a trial record has not been completed by the next trial date, the court shall, upon the request of the public prosecutor, the accused, or the defense counsel, provide an opportunity, on or by the next trial date, for the play back of a sound recording of the questions asked during examination of a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, or a translator, the statement given thereby, the questions asked of and the statement given by the accused, and the motions and statements made by any person concerned on the previous trial date, or for the playback of a recording medium on which the questions asked during examination of a witness, the statement given thereby, and the circumstances thereof have been recorded pursuant to the provisions of Article 157-4, paragraph (2) of the Code.

• この法律は、公布の日から施行する。ただし、第一条中不動産の鑑定評価に関する法律第十一条第一項の改正規定、第二条、第三条、第五条及び第六条の親定、第十九条中特許法第百七条第一項の改正規定、第二十条中実用新案法第三十一条第一項の改正規定、第二十一条中意匠法第四十二条第一項及び第二項の改正規定、第二十二条中商標法第四十条第一項及び第二項の改正規定、第二十八条中通訳案内業法第五条第二項の改正規定並びに第二十九条及び第三十条の規定は、昭和五十三年五月一日から施行する。
• This Act shall come into force as from the date of promulgation; provided, however, that the provision in Article 1 to revise Article 11, paragraph 1 of the Act on Real Estate Appraisal, the provisions of Article 2, Article 3, Article 5, and Article 6, the provision in Article 19 to revise Article 107, paragraph 1 of the Patent Act, the provision in Article 20 to revise Article 31, paragraph 1 of the Utility Model Act, the provision in Article 21 to revise Article 42, paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of the Design Act, the provision in Article 22 to revise Article 40, paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of the Trademark Act, the provision in Article 28 to revise Article 5, paragraph 2 of the Guide Interpreter Act, and the provisions of Article 29 and Article 30 shall come into force as from May 1, 1978.

• この法律は、公布の日から施行する。ただし、第一条中不動産の鑑定評価に関す る法律第十一条第一項の改正規定、第二条、第三条、第五条及び第六条の規定、第十九条中特許法第百七条第一項の改正規定、第二十条中実用新案法第三十一条 第一項の改正規定、第二十一条中意匠法第四十二条第一項及び第二項の改正規定、第二十二条中商標法第四十条第一項及び第二項の改正規定、第二十八条中通訳 案内業法第五条第二項の改正規定並びに第二十九条及び第三十条の規定は、昭和五十三年五月一日から施行する。
• This Act shall come into force from the day of promulgation. However, the revised provision of paragraph (1) of Article 11 of Act on Real Estate Appraising and Valuation in Article 1 of this Act, the provisions of Articles 2, 3, 5 and 6, the revised provision of paragraph (1) of Article 107 of the Patent Act in Article 19 of this Act, the revised provision of paragraph (1) of Article 31 of the Utility Model Act in Article 20 of this Act, the revised provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) of Article 42 of the Design Act in Article 21 of this Act, the revised provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) of Article 40 of the Trademark Act in Article 22 of this Act, the revised provision of paragraph (2) of Article 5 of the Guide Interpreter Act in Article 28 of this Act, and the provisions of Articles 29 and 30 shall come into force as from May 1, 1978.
• This Act shall come into force as from the date of promulgation; provided, however, that the provision in Article 1 to revise Article 11, paragraph 1 of the Act on Real Estate Appraisal, the provisions of Article 2, Article 3, Article 5, and Article 6, the provision in Article 19 to revise Article 107, paragraph 1 of the Patent Act, the provision in Article 20 to revise Article 31, paragraph 1 of the Utility Model Act, the provision in Article 21 to revise Article 42, paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of the Design Act, the provision in Article 22 to revise Article 40, paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of the Trademark Act, the provision in Article 28 to revise Article 5, paragraph 2 of the Guide Interpreter Act, and the provisions of Article 29 and Article 30 shall come into force as from May 1, 1978.
• This Act shall come into force as of the date of its promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions of Article 1 to revise Article 11, paragraph (1) of the Act on Real Estate Appraisal, the provisions of Article 2, Article 3, Article 5, and Article 6, the provisions of Article 19 to revise Article 107, paragraph (1) of the Patent Act, the provisions of Article 20 to revise Article 31, paragraph (1) of the Utility Model Act, the provisions of Article 21 to revise Article 42, paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the Design Act, the provisions of Article 22 to revise Article 40, paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the Trademark Act, the provisions of Article 28 to revise Article 5, paragraph (2) of the Interpreter Guide Act, and the provisions of Article 29 and Article 30 shall come into force as of May 1, 1978.

• 証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人　その氏名及び住居を知る機会を与え、かつ、その者の供述録取書等（供述書、供述を録取した書面で供述者の署名若しくは押印のあるもの又は映像若しくは音声を記録することができる記録媒体であつて供述を記録したものをいう。以下同じ。）のうち、その者が公判期日において供述すると思料する内容が明らかになるもの（当該供述録取書等が存在しないとき、又はこれを閲覧させることが相当でないと認めるときにあつては、その者が公判期日において供述すると思料する内容の要旨を記載した書面）を閲覧する機会（弁護人に対しては、閲覧し、かつ、謄写する機会）を与えること。
• In the case of a witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator,　an opportunity shall be given to know their names and addresses and to inspect (inspect and copy for the defense counsel) their recorded statement documents ( 'recorded statement documents' means a written statement, or a statement which has been recorded and taken down in writing and has the signature or seal of the person making the statement or a recording medium which is able to record images or sound and on which the statement has been recorded; the same shall apply hereinafter) which reveal the contents of that which they are supposed to state at the trial (documents which contain a gist of the contents that they are supposed to state at the trial when there are no such recorded statement documents or when such materials are deemed inappropriate for inspection).
• In the case of a witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator,an opportunity shall be given to know their names and addresses and to inspect (inspect and copy for the defense counsel) their recorded statement documents ( 'recorded statement documents' means a written statement, or a statement which has been recorded and taken down in writing and has the signature or seal of the person making the statement or a recording medium which is able to record images or sound and on which the statement has been recorded; the same shall apply hereinafter) which reveal the contents of that which they are supposed to state at the trial (documents which contain a gist of the contents that they are supposed to state at the trial when there are no such recorded statement documents or when such materials are deemed inappropriate for inspection).

• 検察官又は弁護人は、前条第１項の規定により証人、鑑定人、通訳人若しくは翻訳人の氏名及び住居を知る機会を与え又は証拠書類若しくは証拠物を閲覧する機会を与えるに当たり、証人、鑑定人、通訳人若しくは翻訳人若しくは証拠書類若しくは証拠物にその氏名が記載されている者若しくはこれらの親族の身体若しくは財産に害を加え又はこれらの者を畏怖させ若しくは困惑させる行為がなされるおそれがあると認めるときは、相手方に対し、その旨を告げ、これらの者の住居、勤務先その他その通常所在する場所が特定される事項が、犯罪の証明若しくは犯罪の捜査又は被告人の防御に関し必要がある場合を除き、関係者（被告人を含む。）に知られないようにすることできる。
• When they providing the opportunity to know the name and address of a witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator, or the opportunity to inspect documentary or material evidence, pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the public prosecutor and the counsel may when they find a risk of physical or property harm, threat or confusion to the witness, expert witness, interpreter, translator, those whose names appear on the documentary or material evidence, or relatives of such persons, notify the opponent of such risk and request particular care to be taken so that the address, work place and ordinary whereabouts of these persons are not disclosed to those concerned (including the accused), unless such matters are necessary for proof of the offense or the criminal investigation, or for the defense of the accused.

• 裁判長は、証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人を尋問する場合において、証人、鑑定人、通訳人若しくは翻訳人若しくはこれらの親族の身体若しくは財産に害を加え又はこれらの者を畏怖させ若しくは困惑させる行為がなされるおそれがあり、これらの者の住居、勤務先その他その通常所在する場所が特定される事項が明らかにされたならば証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人が十分な供述をすることができないと認めるときは、当該事項についての尋問を制限することができる。ただし、検察官のする尋問を制限することにより犯罪の証明に重大な支障を生ずるおそれがあるとき、又は被告人若しくは弁護人のする尋問を制限することにより被告人の防御に実質的な不利益を生ずるおそれがあるときは、この限りでない。
• When examining a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter or a translator, if the presiding judge finds that there is a risk that the body or property of these persons or their relatives may be harmed, threatened or confused and that the witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator will not be able to give full testimony if his/her address or work place or other matters specifying the ordinary whereabouts of these persons are disclosed, the presiding judge may place limitations on questions concerning these matters; provided, however, that this shall not apply when limitations on the public prosecutor's examination may interfere considerably with proving the case, or when limitations on the examination by the accused or his/her counsel may substantially harm the defense of the accused.