Honyaku Star - Search: 通勤

通勤: 227 Terms and Phrases

通勤
commuting to work
trip

通勤者
commuter

通勤特急
Commuter Limited Express

通勤途中
They drink it on their way to work.

通勤する
commute

通勤時間
commuting time

通勤地獄
commuters' hell
commuting hell
commuter's hell

通勤手当
travel allowance
commuting allowance

通勤定期
commutation ticket
season ticket
commuter pass

時差通勤
off-peak commuting

通勤災害
commuting injury

通勤列車
commuter train
Commuter rail

通勤電車
commuter train

通勤快速
commuter express

通勤の足
facilities for commutation

外部通勤作業
Outside Work with Commute Travels

通勤ラッシュ
commuter rush
rush hour

通勤トリップ
commuting trips

通勤者の移動
the travel of a commuter

通勤特急は廃止。
The Commuter Limited Express service was discontinued.

列車種別通勤種別
By rolling stock type and commuter type

家路に向かう通勤者
homeward-bound commuters

ワルシャワ通勤鉄道
Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa

通勤用電車の性能通則
General Rules for Performance of Electric Railcars for Commuter Use

私は１時間通勤する。
I commute to work for an hour.

アルタモント通勤急行
Altamont Commuter Express

■通勤特急・■快速急行
Commuter Limited Express/Rapid Express

通勤電車運転室の設計通則
General Rules for Design of Driving Cabs of Electric Commuter Cars

彼はバスで通勤している。
He commutes to his office by bus.

自転車で通勤しています。
I bike to work.

通勤災害に関する保険給付
Insurance Benefits in Respect of Commuting Injuries

急行列車・列車種別通勤種別
Express; by rolling stock type and commuter type

私は毎日車で通勤している。
I go to work by car every day.

彼はバスで通勤していますか。
Does he go to work by bus?

通勤客はストで足を奪われた。
Commuters were deprived of their transport by the strike.

公共交通機関を利用する通勤者
a commuter who uses public transportation

■通勤特急・■特急・■快速急行
Commuter Limited Express/Limited Express/Rapid Express
(Commuter) Limited Express/Limited Express/Rapid Express

朝夕通勤時のみ列車が停車した。
The trains stopped only during commuting hours during the morning and evening.

都市雇用圏（10%通勤圏）の変遷
The history of urban employment areas (where ten percent of the population commute to city center areas)
Changes in Urban Employment Area (an area where at least 10% of the population of the suburbs commute to the central city)
A Change in the Urban Employment Area (UEA) (10 percent commuting area)
Transformation into an Urban Employment Area (UEA) (suburbs with more than 10% of the population commuting to the central city)

以下は通勤率上位5つの自治体である。
The five municipalities with the highest commuting rates are shown below.

彼はラッシュ時の通勤を避けられない。
He cannot avoid traveling to work during the rush hours.

多くの通勤者が住んでいるコミュニティ
a community where many commuters live

■通勤特急・■快速急行・■準急・■普通
Commuter Limited Express/Rapid Express/Semi Express/Local

彼は横浜から東京へ電車で通勤している。
He commutes from Yokohama to Tokyo by train.

父はいつも歩いて通勤するわけではない。
My father does not always walk to work.

高速の通勤列車のみに立ち専用客車がある
there is standing room only on the high-speed commute

あいにく朝の通勤ラッシュにぶつかった。
Unfortunately I hit the morning rush hour.

私は通勤用にそれの購入を検討しています。
I'm considering buying it for commuting.

特別急行列車・列車種別通勤種別・快速急行
Limited Express; by rolling stock type and commuter type; rapid express

彼は車を売ったので、電車で通勤している。
He has sold his car, so he goes to the office by train.

会社は時差通勤を導入しようとしています。
The company is attempting to stagger work hours.

特急・通勤特急は8両編成のみで運転される。
Limited express and Commuter Limited Express trains are operated exclusively with the composition of eight cars.

朝夕の通勤時間に急行が2往復づつ運行開始。
Two shuttle operations of express train started in the morning and evening commuter hours.

どの電車も通勤者でぎゅうぎゅう詰めだった。
The trains were jammed with commuters.

通勤特急にあわせ、特急を高槻市駅に終日停車。
In accordance with the Commuter Limited Express train service, limited express trains began making stops at Takatsukishi Station all day.

■通勤特急・■特急・■快速急行・■準急・■普通
special commuter express/special express/fast express/semi-express/local

毎日歩いて通勤するのは、ちょっとした節約だった
it was a small economy to walk to work every day

通勤特急の停車駅である西院、大宮には停車しない。
It doesn't stop at Saiin Station or Omiya Station, which are stops of Commuter Limited Express.

接受機構は職員の通勤のためのバス業務を提供する。
The Host Organization shall provide a bus service to transport staff to and from work.

私は遠い郊外からわざわざ通勤しなくてはいけない。
I have to commute all the way from a distant suburb.

平日は上りのみ通勤ライナー (列車)の運転もある。
On weekdays, the 'Commuter Liner (train)' runs only as an inbound train.

通勤利用客向けに、朝夕は特急列車の一部が停車する。
Some Limited Express trains stop at Hiyoshi Station in the morning and evening for commuters.

通勤利用客向けに、朝夕には下記の特急列車が停車する。
The following limited express trains stop at this station during the commuter rush hours in the morning and early evening:

通勤災害に関する保険給付（第二十一条―第二十五条）
Insurance Benefits in Respect of Commuting Injuries (Article 21 to Article 25)

2001年3月までの通勤特急の停車駅に桂を加えたもの。
This type would stop at Katsura Station in addition to the Commuter Limited Express stops as of March 2001 or before.

その後は、都心回帰の傾向から通勤圏の拡大は弱まっている。
Afterward, the expansion of the commutable area weakened due to the tendency of people to return to the city centers.

阪急6300系電車の特急・通勤特急・快速特急のみに設定。
The introduction of the women-only cars was limited to the limited express, commuter limited express and rapid limited express trains of the Hankyu (Electric) Railway Series 6300.

僕は自転車で通勤を試みたがついにこれは性に合わなかった。
I tried cycling to work for a while but I didn't take to it.

といっても、通勤列車で見かける顔もあちこちにいたけれど。
though here and there was a face I had noticed on the commuting train.

2007年（平成19年）3月17日通勤特急停車駅となる。
March 17, 2007: Commuter limited express began making stops at the station.

今日では、通勤者達は交通渋滞を当たり前のことと思っている。
Nowadays, commuters take traffic jams for granted.

正面から見て右側が点灯 - 通勤準急・準急・通勤急行・急行
Seen head-on, a light on the right side is illuminated: Commuter Semi Express, Semi Express, Commuter Express and Express.

京都～城崎温泉間、西出雲～米子駅間（通勤ライナー (列車)）
Kyoto Station - Kinosakionsen Station, Nishi-Izumo Station - Yonago Station (Commuter Liner (train))

私達のシェフは外に住んでいる。彼は自宅から容易に通勤できる。
our cook lives out; he can easily commute from his home

また20世紀末以降、新幹線による通勤・通学が増加しつつある。
Since around the end of the 20th century, use of Shinkansen for commuting to offices or schools has increased.

通勤列車に乗ると、鞄が棚にきちんと並べられていることが見える。
When you get into a commuter train, you see the briefcases neatly stacked on the racks.

1944年（昭和19年）9月5日 - 通勤列車の営業運転を開始。
September 5, 1944: Commuter train service commenced.

私たちのベビーシッターは、住み込みである、通勤するには遠過ぎるので
our babysitter lives in, as it is too far to commute for her

2007年3月のダイヤ改正で休止された（実質的には通勤特急と統合）。
The operation was suspended due to the timetable revision of March 2007 (basically, it was integrated with the Commuter Limited Express).

しかし、爆発的な通勤需要の伸びを見せる首都圏への新車投入が優先された。
But, the new cars were preferentially directed to the metropolitan area where explosive demands for commuter trains are seen.

グリーンマックスより阪急通勤車の未塗装エコノミーキットが発売されている。
An economical, unfinished model kit of Hankyu commuter trains is sold by Greenmax Corporation.

通勤特急的な役割並びに、但馬方面から京都方面へのリレー的要素を担っている。
This train serves as a commuter limited express as well as a train that relays passengers from the Tajima area to the Kyoto area.

※10%通勤圏に入っていない自治体は、各統計年の欄で灰色かつ「-」で示す。
Municipalities not included in 'the areas where at least 10% of the suburban population commutes to the central city' are shown in gray with a mark ' - ' in the total column of each year.
Gray colored column with a mark '-' indicates that the autonomous body is not included in the 10 percent commuting area.
* The blanks in gray and with the hyphen (-) in them among the columns of statistical years in the chart show local governments that are not included among the suburbs with more than 10% of the population to the central city.

第七条第一項第二号の通勤災害に関する保険給付は、次に掲げる保険給付とする。
The insurance benefits in respect of a commuting injury set forth in Article 7, paragraph (1), item (ii) shall be the insurance benefits listed as follows:

正当な理由なく、外部通勤作業を行う場所以外の場所に立ち入ってはならないこと。
No sentenced person shall, without just cause, enter a place other than the place where he/she engages in the outside work with commute travels;

それ以後、沿線の苗畑や作業所への通勤や資材、苗の搬入に使われる程度となった。
Since then, they were used only to commute to the fields for seedlings and work sites provided along the line and for carrying in materials and seedlings.

西舞鶴は古くから商業の街として発展し、買い物利用の他に、通勤・通学利用も多い。
Nishi-Maizuru has a long history of commerce and quite a few people use this station for shopping as well as for commuting.

2007年（平成17年）3月17日通勤特急停車駅となり、全列車停車駅に昇格。
March 17, 2007: The commuter limited express trains came to stop at Katsura Station, thus making all the trains stop at Katsura Station.

また、一部の系統には、通勤・通学用に停車する停留所を減らした「快速」が存在する。
On some of these routes, rapid buses, which don't stop at some bus stops, are operated for commuters and students.

さらに通勤客対応の特急「はるか」・「びわこエクスプレス」も停車するようになった。
Additionally, the Airport Express 'Haruka' and the Limited Express 'Biwako Express' for commuters came to stop at Yamashina Station.

そのため、通勤時間帯は宇治東ICと宇治西IC間の一般道路部が渋滞することが多い。
As a result, local roads linking the Ujihigashi and Ujinishi interchanges are commonly congested during the rush hours.

外部通勤作業の場合において、そのための通勤の日を過ぎて刑事施設に帰着しないとき。
Cases of an outside work by commutation where the sentenced person has not returned to the penal institution after the expiration of the day of the commute travel;

現実のようなことはなにものない…毎日の通勤に色を加える駅員−アニータ・ディアマント
there's nothing quite like a real...train conductor to add color to a quotidian commute- Anita Diamant

大阪方面へ通勤、通学するため近鉄大阪線を利用する客が多く、朝夕の桜井駅は大変混雑する。
Since a lot of people commute to Osaka by using Kintetsu Osaka Line, Sakurai Station is very crowded in the mornings and evenings.

この時期になると、国鉄、私鉄を問わず、通勤電車にも冷房車が導入されるようになっていた。
Around that time, both JNR and private railroads began the operation of air-conditioned cars for commuter trains.

労働者の通勤による負傷、疾病、障害又は死亡（以下「通勤災害」という。）に関する保険給付
insurance benefits in respect of injury, disease, disability or death of workers resulting from commuting (hereinafter referred to as a "commuting injury"); and

都市雇用圏（10%通勤圏）の中心部には大阪市のほか、東大阪市・門真市・守口市が含まれる。
The central region of the Urban Employment Area (an area where at least ten percent of the suburban population commutes to the central city) includes the cities of Osaka, Higashi-Osaka, Kadoma and Moriguchi.

1982年（昭和57年）11月27日平日朝の通勤時間帯に、茨木市発梅田行きの準急を新設。
November 27, 1982: A new semi-express train service from Ibarakishi Station to Umeda Station was introduced for the morning commuting hours on weekdays.

昭和末期から平成期に入る頃になると、通勤圏が遠方ギリギリにまで拡大する傾向が目立っている。
In the period from the end of the Showa era to the beginning of the Heisei era, the trend of expanding commutable areas to their widest limit became prominent.

長岡京市の中心部からはやや離れてはいるものの、企業への通勤客を中心にそこそこの利用客がいる。
Although the station is somewhat far from the central district of Nagaokakyo City, the number of passengers, especially commuters, is relatively large.

通勤電車、マイカー、バス_(交通機関)、タクシー、ハイヤー、運転代行、バイク、自転車、車椅子
Commuter train, private car, bus (transportation facility), taxi, limousine, chauffeur service, motorbike, bicycle, and wheelchair

平日の昼間以外の時間帯のみの運転で、通勤特急の役割を果たすことから土曜・休日は運転されない。
Since this type is only operated on weekdays except in the daytime, serving as a commuter limited express, on Sundays and holidays it is not operated.

一部の特急列車は堅田と近江今津に停まり、湖西と京阪神間の速達サービスや通勤利用に対応している。
Some limited express trains stop at Katata Station and Omi-Imazu Station to provide express service or accept commuters boarding between the Kosei area and the Keihanshin area.

この節に定めるもののほか、通勤災害に関する保険給付について必要な事項は、厚生労働省令で定める。
In addition to what is prescribed in this Section, necessary matters in relation to insurance benefits in respect of a commuting injury shall be prescribed by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

葬祭給付は、労働者が通勤により死亡した場合に、葬祭を行なう者に対し、その請求に基づいて行なう。
Where a worker has died as a result of commuting, funeral rites benefits shall be paid to the person who conducts the funeral based on his/her claim.

朝・夕の新幹線においては通勤客で混雑が激しくなり、通勤客向けのダイヤも設定されるようになった。
Shinkansen trains in the morning and in the evening became congested with commuters, and train schedules for commuters became provided.

朝には京都を越え大阪方面へ直通する普通列車も設定され、4扉ロングシートの通勤形電車も運用される。
The local train going through to Osaka Station via Kyoto Station is set, and a commuter train with four doors and long seats is also operated.

大阪と北近畿を結ぶ路線であると同時に、兵庫県東部の各都市から大阪への通勤・通学路線となっている。
The Fukuchiyama Line isn't simply a line that connects Osaka with northern Kinki but is also a commuter line for office workers and students who commute from the cities of eastern Hyogo to Osaka.

遺族給付は、労働者が通勤により死亡した場合に、当該労働者の遺族に対し、その請求に基づいて行なう。
Where a worker has died as a result of commuting, benefits for surviving family shall be paid to said worker's surviving family members based on their claims.

私は車で通勤していますが、交通渋滞に巻き込まれないようにできるだけ早くに家を出るようにしています。
I go to the office by car, and I try to leave home as early as I can so that I can avoid the traffic jams.

運転台構造ではマスター・コントローラーとブレーキの配置が在来線通勤電車とは左右逆の配置になっている。
In the cab, the master controller and the brake are placed on the right side and on the left of the operator, respectively, contrary to those on the regular railway lines.

現在でも観光以外としては林業が中心であるが、京都市中心部まで40～50分であり通勤者も少なからずある。
Even today, forestry is the major industry other than tourism, but there are also commuters who take the 40- to 50-minute trip to the center of Kyoto City.

仕事は８時間するとして、なんか通勤３時間の間も仕事をしているようで、しかしお金は出ず、もったいないな。
Say that work is 8 hours, it feels like the three hour commute time is also work but you don't get any money for it. What a waste.

正面から見て両側が点灯 - 快速急行・通勤特急・特急日生エクスプレス・特急（団体・回送・試運転列車も含む）
Seen head-on, the lights on both sides are illuminated: Rapid Express, Commuter Limited Express, Limited Nissei Express, Limited Express (including group trains, deadhead trains and trial-run trains).

クロハの廃止は、京阪神緩行線が中距離のインターアーバンから通勤電車へと変貌するターニングポイントとなった。
The abolition of Kuroha was the turning point in the change of the Keihanshin Local Line from a middle-distance inter urban line to a commuter line.

軍需工場への通勤はなくなったが、それに代わる多くの買出し者や、帰国した復員者に引揚者たちが電車に殺到した。
Although commuters going to military works disappeared, a lot of people rushed to trains including those who were going to buy food, demobilized soldiers, and repatriates.

兵庫県の丹波市や周辺市町村からの通勤や買い物客も多く、舞鶴都市圏と並んで北近畿の中心的な都市圏となっている。
The Fukuchiyama Urban Area, which has many commuters and shoppers from Tanba City in Hyogo Prefecture and its surrounding municipalities, has become the leading urban area in the Northern Kinki region with the Maizuru Urban Area.

第一項及び前項の割増賃金の基礎となる賃金には、家族手当、通勤手当その他厚生労働省令で定める賃金は算入しない。
Family allowances, commutation allowances, and other elements of wages as stipulated by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare shall not be added to the base wages underlying the increased wages set forth in paragraph (1) and the preceding paragraph.

また京都方面への通勤、通学客も見られ、京都まで直通列車がある大和八木駅へ行くため近鉄大阪線を利用する客も多い。
Others commute in the direction to Kyoto and many use Kintetsu Osaka Line to go to Yamato-Yagi Station, where they can go directly to Kyoto.

その中で通勤率が最も高い自治体は奈良県生駒市の47.6%であり、最も低い自治体は奈良県天理市の10.0%である。
In those cities, the municipality with the highest commuting rate is Ikoma City of Nara Prefecture at 47.6 percent, while the lowest is Tenri City of Nara Prefecture at 10 percent.

それは103系自体が首都圏の通勤路線事情（駅間距離・表定速度・電力事情等）に適した設計となっていたからであった。
This is because type 103 cars were designed focusing on the situation of commuting lines in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area (distance between stations, official speed, power condition).

三菱電機、松下電器産業、村田製作所などの企業オフィスへ向かう人によって階段、周辺歩道は通勤時間帯に非常に込み合う。
The stairs and sidewalks around the station are very crowded during commuting hours with people going to the offices of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Panasonic Corporation, Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., etc.

この章に定めるもののほか、第三十三条各号に掲げる者の業務災害及び通勤災害に関し必要な事項は、厚生労働省令で定める。
In addition to what is prescribed in this Chapter, the necessary matters in respect of the employment injury and commuting injury to persons listed in the items of Article 33 shall be prescribed by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

生駒山地の北端を廻り、大阪府北東部の都市や京都府南部に広がる住宅地と大阪・阪神方面との通勤・通学路線となっている。
The line runs around the north side of the Ikoma Mountain Range and is the commuter line linking the cities in the northeast area of Osaka Prefecture or the residential areas spread around the south area of Kyoto Prefecture and the areas in Osaka and the Hanshin (Osaka and Kobe) regions.

自由時間の多くは、労働のための準備、労働に行く通勤、労働を終えての帰宅、そして労働の疲労からの回復のために費やされる。
Free time is mostly devoted to getting ready for work, going to work, returning from work, and recovering from work.

その間に、単に自身の出費において職場に通勤するだけでなく、当然のように自分自身の維持管理や修理の責任があるものとされる。
not only transports itself at its own expense to and from the workplace but assumes primary responsibility for its own maintenance and repair.

国鉄もこの潮流に乗って高性能電車の開発に取り組み、1957年に新型通勤電車国鉄101系電車（後の101系）を完成させる。
Following this trend, JNR also made efforts to develop high-performance electric train-cars, and in 1957, developed the 101 series JNR electric train-cars, new type electric train-cars for commuters (later 101 series train-cars).

電化によって通勤や移動が便利になり、笠置駅や伊賀上野駅、関駅 (三重県)では新たな観光需要が生まれることも期待されている。
By electrifying the line, residents' commuting and travelling can enjoy more convenience and the increase of tourists can be expected for Kasagi Station, Iga-Ueno Station and Seki Station (Mie Prefecture).

梅田～高槻市は準急のダイヤグラムで走り、高槻市～河原町を臨時設定ダイヤ（ちなみに停車駅は定期の通勤特急と同様である）で走る。
It runs between Umeda Station and Takatsukishi Station based on the time schedule of the semi-express, while between Takatsukishi Station and Kawaramachi Station it runs according to a schedule designed for special trains (which designates the same stops as those of the Commuter Limited Express).

前条の規定の施行前に生じた事故に基づく公社の職員の業務上の災害又は通勤による災害に対する補償については、なお従前の例による。
With respect to the compensation to the employees of the Public Corporation for casualties on duty or accidents in commutation, which occurred prior to the date of enforcement of the preceding article, the precedent shall continue to apply.

つゆだくのもとは、朝の通勤中のサラリーマンたちが時間がないため、早く食べられるようにつゆを多めに入れて食べていたものである。
Tsuyudaku originates from the bowl eaten by salaried workers who did not have enough time on the way to workplace in the morning and wanted a lot of sauce to eat quickly.

現在では、沿線にある宇治市の平等院などへの観光や、城陽市など京都府南部地域からの通勤・通学路線としての性格が強くなっている。
Today, the Nara Line is characterized by the access it offers to sightseeing areas such as Byodo-in Temple in Uji City, or by a commuter line for passengers from the southern part of the Kyoto Prefecture, such as Joyo City.

続いて国鉄はモハ90系通勤電車をギア比変更などで高速化改造、空気抵抗の面で不利な形態ながら135km/hの好記録を達成した。
Next, JNR modified MoHa-90 series electric train-cars for commuters to increase their speeds, for example, by changing the gear ratio, and the modified cars achieved a good record of 135 km/h, although the body shape was disadvantageous in the aspect of air resistance.

周辺道路が非常に狭く、秋の観光シーズンには並行して走る道路が大渋滞となるため、、車内は大都市圏の通勤ラッシュ並みの混雑となる。
The neighboring roads are extremely narrow, and, since the road which parallels the route becomes very congested during the autumn sightseeing season, the train gets as crowded as a metropolitan train during rush hour.

1979年（昭和54年）3月5日全ての急行（現在の快速急行）が停車するようになる（それまではラッシュ時の通勤急行のみ停車）。
March 5, 1979: All express (currently rapid express) trains came to stop at Nagaokatenjin Station (prior to that point, only (commuter) express trains would stop at the station).

中には、マイカーを空港に置きっぱなしにできない飛行機の乗務員専用（通勤のための自宅や宿泊先と空港との送迎）のタクシー会社もある。
Of taxi companies that offer these services, there are some that offer services exclusively for flight attendants who cannot leave their cars at the airport (the taxi takes them between home or their accommodation and the airport).

現在では滋賀県の住民が琵琶湖線や湖西線などを利用して京都市へ多く通勤・通学しており、一体的な都市圏（京都都市圏）を形成している。
A lot of residents in Shiga Prefecture commute to Kyoto City using Biwako Line or Kosei Line and so on, which results in forming a unified urban area (Kyoto urban area).

永原まではアーバンネットワークに含まれ、大阪・姫路方面から新快速の乗り入れもあり、京都・大阪方面への通勤・通学路線ともなっている。
Nagahara Station is the end of the Urban Network; the Kosei Line serves as a commuter line for passengers bound for Kyoto and Osaka since special rapid trains from Osaka and Himeji also run through the line.

京阪に近い南部（大津市・草津市・甲賀市など）は文化的に京阪の影響を強く受け、現在は通勤圏として「滋賀府民」の多い地域となっている。
The southern part (including Otsu, Kusatsu, and Koga Cities), which is close to Kyoto and Osaka, has been culturally influenced by Kyoto and Osaka, and since a lot of people commute to Kyoto and Osaka from this part, they are called 'Shiga Fumin' (those living in Shiga but spend most of their time in Kyoto or Osaka).

その一方で、新幹線の建設や特急・急行列車の増発、さらには都市部における通勤輸送増強（通勤五方面作戦など）などの設備投資に追われた。
On the other hand, JNR was forced to continue making investments in various facilities, such as for constructing Shinkansen, for increasing the number of limited express trains and express trains and furthermore, for increasing the commuter-transporting capacities (for example, the five-direction strategy).

また、福知山駅以南は福知山線の通勤特急的な要素もあり特に篠山口駅～福知山駅間は普通列車の本数が少ない関係でこまめに停まる列車もある。
When running in the section from Fukuchiyama Station southward, the Kitakinki train service on the Fukuchiyama Line functions as a commuter limited express, and particularly within the section between Sasayamaguchi Station and Fukuchiyama Station, where there are few local trains, some trains of Kitakinki makes stops at many station.

前項の規定による作業（以下「外部通勤作業」という。）は、外部事業所の業務に従事し、又は外部事業所が行う職業訓練を受けることによって行う。
The work pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as 'outside work with commute travels') shall be carried out either by engaging in a work of an outside business establishment or by undergoing a vocational training given by an outside business establishment.

奈良電車区所属の車両はすべて他路線（京阪神緩行線、大阪環状線、片町線など）からの転入で、関西本線には電化以来一度も通勤型新車投入がない。
All of the railroad cars that belong to Nara Train Depot were transferred from other lines (Keihanshin Local Train Line, Osaka Loop Line, Katamachi Line, etc.), while on the Kansai Main Line, there has been no setup of a new commuter train since the tracks were electrified.

障害給付は、労働者が通勤により負傷し、又は疾病にかかり、なおつたとき身体に障害が存する場合に、当該労働者に対し、その請求に基づいて行なう。
Where a worker has suffered an injury or disease resulting from commuting and remains physically disabled after recovery, disability benefits shall be paid to the said worker based on his/her claim.

このように京都西明石間を中心とする直通運転のため、通勤用車両使用としては比較的長距離となる運転区間が100kmを越えるものも見受けられる。
As trains run mainly between Kyoto and Nishi-Akashi, their running distance sometimes exceed 100 km, which is relatively long among trains used for commuting.

日本国有鉄道時代の山陰本線はあくまでも長距離特別急行列車や長距離普通列車を中心に運行され、京都近郊の通勤通学需要が殆ど考慮されていなかった。
During the Japanese National Railways age, the San-in main line was used almost exclusively by long-distance limited express trains or long-distance local trains, and the demand created by those commuting to school or work from the outskirts of Kyoto was hardly considered.

京都市中心部と同市東南部の山科区・伏見区との通勤輸送、及び滋賀県大津市との都市間輸送の一部を担う路線であり、1日平均12万人が利用している。
Used by an average of 120,000 people per day, it's a railway track that acts as a commuter-traffic route connecting the section between the center of Kyoto City and the Yamashina and Fushimi wards, which are located in the southeastern area of Kyoto City; it also serves as a transportation route between Kyoto City and Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture.

外部通勤作業又は第百六条第一項の規定による外出若しくは外泊の場合において、刑事施設の長が指定した日時までに刑事施設に帰着しなかったとき　その日
Cases of an outside work with commute travels, or a day leave or a furlough pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 106 where the inmate has failed to return to the penal institution by the date and time specified by the warden of the penal institution:　The said date.

その割に、朝晩の通勤時間帯には、加佐地区と西舞鶴地区とを結ぶメイン道路である国道175号線が頻繁に渋滞するため、それを避けるための往来が多い。
On the other hand, traffic jams occur frequently on National Route 175, the main road that connects Kasa and Nishi-Maizuru regions, resulting in many that try to avoid the route and use the road at the mountain pass instead.

法第三十七条第四項の規定によつて、家族手当及び通勤手当のほか、次に掲げる賃金は、同条第一項及び第三項の割増賃金の基礎となる賃金には算入しない。
Pursuant to the provision of paragraph (4) of Article 37 of the Act, family allowances, commutation allowances, and other elements of wages listed in the following items shall not be included in the wage calculation basis for premium wages set forth in paragraphs (1) and (3) of the same Article:

日本国有鉄道時代は、山陰本線の本数が大変少なかったために、近距離の観光・通勤利用が少なかったが、JRになって本数が増えて以降は変わってきている。
In the era of Japan National Railways, relatively few passengers used the station to reach places at short distances for sightseeing tours or for commutes, because the frequency of train service on the Sanin Main Line was low; however, in the era of JR the increase in service has changed the situation.

前項第二号の通勤とは、労働者が、就業に関し、次に掲げる移動を、合理的な経路及び方法により行うことをいい、業務の性質を有するものを除くものとする。
The commuting set forth in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph shall mean any of the journey listed in the following and made by a worker in connection with his/her employment by a reasonable route and means, excluding commuting which has the nature of the performance of duties:

また、大阪市への通勤では近鉄京都線に乗り、新田辺駅（京田辺市）から徒歩連絡するJR片町線（京田辺駅）の快速電車に乗り換えて大阪市へ向かう客も多い。
Additionally, many commuters to Osaka City take the Kintetsu Kyoto Line, connecting on foot from Shin-tanabe Station (Kyotanabe City) to Kyotanabe Station to take a rapid train on the JR Katamachi Line to Osaka City.

大鉄局では昭和30年代に京都－神戸間の近距離快速電車の増発が目的で、低性能な旧形電車ではなく、快速から逃げ切れる高性能通勤電車を要求した事があった。
In 1955, the Osaka Railway Bureau once requested high efficiency cars which could shake off Rapid service in order to increase the operation frequency of short-distance rapid trains on the Kyoto-Kobe section.

次の各号に掲げる者（第二号、第四号及び第五号に掲げる者にあつては、労働者である者を除く。）の業務災害及び通勤災害に関しては、この章に定めるところによる。
The employment injury and commuting injury of each of the persons listed in the following items (in the case of persons listed in items (ii), (iv) or (v), excluding those who are workers) shall be governed by the provisions of this Chapter:

完成した軌道は伐採された材木や製造された木炭、栽培されたしいたけの搬出に使用されたほか、沿線に設けられた作業所や苗畑への通勤や資材の搬入にも使用された。
The completed tramlines were used not only to transport logged wood, manufactured charcoal or cultivated shiitake mushrooms, but also by people for commuting to the work sites and fields for seedlings provided along the tramlines and for bringing in materials.

休業給付は、労働者が通勤による負傷又は疾病に係る療養のため労働することができないために賃金を受けない場合に、当該労働者に対し、その請求に基づいて行なう。
Where a worker does not receive wages because of his/her inability to work due to medical treatment pertaining to an injury or disease resulting from commuting, temporary absence from work benefits shall be paid to said worker based on his/her claim.

一方地下鉄駅は、山科区内からの京都市中心部への通勤通学客のほか、JRから地下鉄経由の京都市中心部へ、あるいは地下鉄醍醐方面からのJRへの乗換利用客が多い。
Meanwhile, Yamashina Station of the Kyoto Municipal Subway is used by passengers commuting from Yamashina Ward to the center of Kyoto City, as well as by passengers changing trains from JR to the Kyoto Municipal Subway to the center of Kyoto City or from the Kyoto Municipal Subway (from Daigo Station) to JR.

公共職業安定所は、次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合には、求職者を、その希望に応じ、通常通勤することができない地域の求人者に紹介するよう努めなければならない。
The Public Employment Security Offices shall endeavor to introduce a job seeker, at the request of such job seeker, to a job offerer located in an area normally not commutable if either of the following items is applicable.

また、丁稚は勿論のこと手代までは住み込みを原則とする商家が多く、番頭になってようやく住み込みから解放され、通い（自宅通勤）が許されるといったケースが多かった。
At many mercantile families, employees up to tedai rank were expected to live with the merchant and his family, so the employee in banto position was finally freed from this obligation and was allowed to commute from his own home.

公共職業安定所は、その通常通勤することができる地域において適当な労働者が得られる場合においては、求人音に対してその労働者を雇い入れるよう指導しなければならない。
The Public Employment Security Offices shall guide the job offerer to employ a worker within the normally commutable area as long as the job offerer is able to find an appropriate worker.

2007年3月17日に6年ぶりのダイヤ改正が行われ、特急の淡路停車、快速特急（通勤特急との統合）・急行の廃止（準急への格下げ）、データイム時の準急の新設などが行われた。
The timetable was revised on March 17, 2007 for the first time in six years, and the following changes were made: the limited express began making stops at Awaji Station, the rapid limited express (integrated with Commuter Limited Express) and express were discontinued (degraded to semi-express), and the semi-express began the service during the daytime.

ベッドタウンとして都市化の進んだ山科区内唯一のJR駅で、京都・大阪方面への通勤通学客が多い他、滋賀県内の湖西線各駅・びわこ線各駅間の乗換（とくに高校生が多い）利用も多い。
Yamashina Station is the only the JR facility located in Yamashina Ward, which has been urbanized as a bedroom suburb; it is used by passengers commuting to Kyoto and Osaka as well as by passengers (many of whom are high school students) changing to local trains for the Kosei Line and the Biwako Line in Shiga Prefecture.

比企広域市町村圏域内公共図書館の相互利用協定により、東松山市、滑川町、小川町、ときがわ町、川島町、吉見町、鳩山町、秩父郡東秩父村に住まい・通学通勤している者なら利用可能。
The library is available to any person who lives in, or commutes to Higashimatsuyama City, Namegawa-machi, Ogawa-machi, Tokigawa-machi, Kawashima-machi, Yoshimi-machi, Hatoyama-machi and Higashichichibu-mura in Chichibu-gun, under the agreement for mutual use of public library within the larger municipal area in the Hiki area.

この列車は京阪間直通通勤客向けに設定されているため、平日は始発K特急～朝ラッシュ時と夕方ラッシュ時～最終K特急まで30往復前後設定されているのに対し、土・休日は1本も無い。
This train is operated for direct commuters between Kyoto and Osaka, so that on weekdays the round-trip train services are provided until the end of the morning rush hour and after the beginning of the evening rush hour, totaling approximately 30 round-trip services; however, on weekends and holidays there is no service.

ただ、昭和40年度から2キロ台の駅間距離のある京浜東北線での運用開始に際し、103系のギア比を少し高速よりにセッティングする事や、MT54による通勤電車の可能性を模索した。
When they were introduced in 1965 to the Keihin-Tohoku Line, where distances between stations is longer than two kilometers, their suitability as commuting cars was tested by adjusting the gear ratio for a little bit more high-speed or by using MT54.

また市内と周辺地域の兵庫県、大阪府に多くのゴルフ場がある事で早朝から市外からの車流入と市内から通勤で京都市、大阪府、兵庫県への車流出が増えるため、交通量は早朝・夕方が増える。
Traffic in the early morning (and the evening) is higher due to the number of people from outside the city who visit the many golf courses in Kameoka City, as well as the nearby areas of Hyogo and Osaka Prefectures; the number of residents commuting to Kyoto city, Osaka Prefecture and Hyogo Prefecture increase in the early morning as well.

労働者災害補償保険は、第一条の目的を達成するため、業務上の事由又は通勤による労働者の負傷、疾病、障害、死亡等に関して保険給付を行うほか、社会復帰促進等事業を行うことができる。
Industrial accident compensation insurance, in order to achieve the purpose set forth in Article 1, shall cover social rehabilitation promotion services in addition to granting insurance benefits to workers for their injury, disease, disability or death or the like resulting from an employment-related cause or commuting.

1983年2月の新幹線定期乗車券販売開始をきっかけに、新幹線通勤定期券を支給する企業の増加、さらに企業が支給する通勤定期券代の所得税非課税限度額の引き上げがそれに輪をかけた。
Starting with selling commuter passes for Shinkansen in February 1983, the number of companies offering commuter passes for Shinkansen increased, and in addition, the limit of nontaxable income for commuter passes given by companies was raised, accelerating this trend.

刑事施設の長は、外部通勤作業を行う受刑者が遵守事項又は特別遵守事項を遵守しなかった場合その他外部通勤作業を不適当とする事由があると認める場合には、これを中止することができる。
In cases where a sentenced person on an outside work with commute travels has failed to obey either the compliance rules or the special compliance rules, or where it is deemed that there is a reason for judging that he/she is inappropriate for the outside work with commute travels, the warden of the penal institution may suspend it.

福知山の古くからの住民は、丹波の氷上（丹波市）を中心に、但馬や丹後から移り住んで来た歴史があり、現在もなお通勤・通学する人は多く、市民の多くはその地出身であると言う人も少なくない。
Ancient residents in Fukuchiyama moved mainly from Hikami (Tanba City), but also from Tajima and Tango; there are still many people that commute from such places and say that they are descended from these places.

政府は、当分の間、労働者が通勤により死亡した場合における当該死亡に関しては、遺族年金を受ける権利を有する遺族に対し、その請求に基づき、保険給付として、遺族年金前払一時金を支給する。
The government shall, for the time being, in cases where a worker has died as a result of commuting, pay a pension advance lump sum payment for surviving family with respect to said death, as insurance benefits, to the surviving family members entitled to the right to receive a pension for surviving family based on their claims.

1978年10月のダイヤ改正の際に、新造車と大阪環状線の予備T及び山手線の中古Tcに明石の予備車を活用して7連×2本+予備4両1編成（計18両）を編成、通勤時の輸送力増強を図った。
At the time of timetable revision in October 1978, JNR tried to increase the transportation capacity during commuting hours by organizing two sets of seven-car trains with an extra set of four-car train (total eighteen cars), composed of newly built cars plus existing cars like the extra trailer coach on the Osaka Loop Line, a used Tc transferred from the Yamanote Line and an extra car from Akashi Depot.

療養に関する施設及びリハビリテーションに関する施設の設置及び運営その他業務災害及び通勤災害を被つた労働者（次号において「被災労働者」という。）の円滑な社会復帰を促進するために必要な事業
services necessary to establish and operate facilities for medical treatment and facilities for medical rehabilitation, and promote the smooth social rehabilitation of workers who have suffered employment injuries or commuting injuries (hereinafter referred to as "victims" in the following item);

2000年（平成12年）国勢調査「常住地による従業・通学市区町村別15歳以上就業者及び15歳以上通学者数」に基づいた、京都市を中心市とする都市雇用圏（10%通勤圏）の人口は約258万人。
According to the national census in 2000 on 'Population of students and the employed 15 years old or more by place of work and schooling according to usual place of residence,' the population of Urban Employment Area (UEA) (10 percent commuting area: A suburb more than 10 percent of whose population commuting to the central city) surrounding Kyoto City is about 2.58 million.

大阪市の周辺を見ると、京都市・神戸市・姫路市・和歌山市がそれぞれ中心機能を持って通勤・通学者を求心し、各々昼間人口が常住人口を越えているため、個別の都市圏を形成していると見なされている（）。
Since the cities of Kyoto, Kobe, Himeji and Wakayama, which surround Osaka, respectively function as a center and attract commuters going to work and school so that their daytime populations exceed their nighttime populations, they are taken to individually form metropolitan areas.

これは、いわゆるバブル景気以降の大都市における地価の高騰で、新幹線で通勤・通学が可能な郊外（主に東京への通勤・通学を目的に栃木県、群馬県、静岡県東部が多い）の住宅に住む人が増えたためである。
This is because, in and after the bubble economy era, the price of land in large cities rose steeply, and many came to live in the suburbs from where they could commute to their offices or schools if using Shinkansen (mostly in Tochigi Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture and the east part of Shizuoka Prefecture for commuting to offices or schools in Tokyo).

ただし、この区間は学研都市の中心地域である京都府相楽郡精華町から外れていることから、学研都市への路線というよりも、奈良県にあるベッドタウンから大阪都心への通勤・通学客のための路線という色が濃い。
However, because this portion of the line is far from Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture (the central area of Gakkentoshi), it can be said that the line is for businesspeople and students commuting to the urban center of Osaka from bedroom communities in Nara Prefecture rather than serving as a line for Gakkentoshi.

日本の鉄道の旅客輸送量は高水準であり、特に通勤列車として東京圏、大阪圏の主要路線と、都市間を結ぶ鉄道として東海道新幹線は、世界の鉄道でも類例を見つけることが困難なほどの高い輸送密度を有している。
The passenger transportation volume of railways in Japan is high level, especially commuter trains operated on the major lines in the Tokyo area and Osaka area, and Tokaido Shinkansen connecting major cities has high transport density unlike any other railways in the world.

1997年3月改正で、全ての特急が高槻市に停車するようになったため、「通勤特急」の種別は一旦廃止されたが、2001年3月改正で特急停車駅が大幅に変更されたことに伴い、廃止前と同じ停車駅で復活した。
Because all limited express trains began making stops at Takatsukishi Station with the revision in March 1997, the operation of 'Commuter Limited Express' was once discontinued, but following the revision in March 2001, in which the limited express stops underwent a significant change, this type was brought back with the same stops as before the discontinuation.

公共職業安定所は、求人者が前項の指導に応じないで、その通常通勤することができない地域において労働者を雇い入れようとするときは、職業安定局長の特別の指示がない限り、これに対し援助を行わないものとする。
If a job offerer does not follow the guidance of the Public Employment Security Office set forth in the preceding paragraph and attempts to employ a worker in an area normally not commutable, the Public Employment Security Office shall not provide any support to such job offerer unless otherwise specifically directed by the Director-General of the Employment Security Bureau.

2008年現在では、東京都心を縦貫する湘南新宿ラインの利用が好調なことや東北縦貫線計画が進められていることなどから、関東地方相互の近距離では東京を通過する需要（特に通勤需要）も想定しうる状況である。
AS of 2008, because use of the Shonan Shinjuku Line operated through the center of Tokyo flourishes, and because the Tohoku-jukansen plan (the line on which trains are operated through the Tokaido main line and Tohoku main line) is in progress, demand for passengers who travel through Tokyo among areas, close to Tokyo, in the Kanto region (demand for commuters in particular) can be assumed.

第三条の規定による改正後の徴収法第十四条の二第一項の規定の適用については、附則第六条の政令で定める日までの間は、同項中「業務災害及び通勤災害に係る災害率」とあるのは、「業務災害に係る災害率」とする。
With regard to the application of the provision of Article 14-2, paragraph (1) of the Collection Act as revised by the provision of Article 3, the term "the injury rate pertaining to employment injury and commuting injury" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "the injury rate pertaining to employment injury" on or before the day specified by a Cabinet Order set forth in Article 6 of the Supplementary Provisions.

事業者は、基本方針の定めるところに留意して、その従業員の通勤における公共交通機関の利用の推進その他の措置を適確に実施することにより、輸送に係るエネルギーの使用の合理化に資するよう努めなければならない。
Business operators shall, while giving due consideration to the provisions of the basic policy, endeavor to contribute to the rational use of energy in transportation by properly encouraging their employees to commute by public transportation and implementing other measures.

また東海道新幹線の東京 - 新大阪間は、通勤列車なみの頻度で運行され、朝夕には毎時10本もの列車が走っているが、これだけの輸送量・頻度で中長距離の都市間を結ぶ鉄道も、現在のところ世界では他に例がない。
In addition, Tokaido Shinkansen is operated between Tokyo and Shin-Osaka at almost the same frequency of commuter trains, with as many as ten trains operated per hour during the morning and evening rush hours; mid- and long-distance trains connecting large cities with this passenger transportation volume and frequency cannot be seen so far anywhere in the world.

このように複数の意味を持たせていることから、実質的には、朝上りの枚方市停車パターンの便(通勤特急に相当)とそれ以外の便(快速特急に相当)を一括りにして、ひとつの種別として運用されているものと考えられる。
Having these various meanings, K-Limited Express seems to lump the inbound-train service in the morning that makes a stop at Hirakatashi Station, which constitutes a commuter limited express, together with the other train service that constitutes a rapid limited express, thus constituting one type of train in operation.

刑事施設の長は、受刑者に外部通勤作業を行わせる場合には、あらかじめ、その受刑者が外部通勤作業に関し遵守すべき事項（以下この条において「特別遵守事項」という。）を定め、これをその受刑者に告知するものとする。
The warden of the penal institution shall, prior to assigning an outside work with commute travels to a sentenced person, determine the rules which the sentenced person shall comply with concerning the outside work with commute travels (hereinafter referred to as 'special compliance rules') and notify him/her of them.

新快速の乗り入れで長浜が京阪神の通勤圏となった一方、黒壁スクエアなど地元の観光資源活性化などが反響を呼んだ結果多くの観光客が長浜へと足を運ぶようになり、街づくりの起爆剤としての直流化工事は全国の注目を浴びた。
The entry of the special rapid to Nagahama Station brought the area within commuting distance to the Keihanshin area, while the utilization of local resources for tourism, such as Kurokabe Square, resulted in the increase in the number of tourists visiting Nagahama; the construction for DC electrification won the attention of the whole country as a trigger for regional development.

2000年（平成12年）国勢調査「常住地による従業・通学市区町村別15歳以上就業者及び15歳以上通学者数」に基づいた、大阪市・東大阪市・門真市・守口市を中心市とする都市雇用圏（10%通勤圏）の人口は約1212万人。
Based on 'the number of employees and students over the age of fifteen, according to permanent residence and destination' from the 2000 national census, the population of the Urban Employment Area (an area where at least 10% of the suburban population commutes to the central city), centered on the cities of Osaka, Higashi-Osaka, Kadoma, and Moriguchi, is 12,120,000.

療養給付は、労働者が通勤（第七条第一項第二号の通勤をいう。以下同じ。）により負傷し、又は疾病（厚生労働省令で定めるものに限る。以下この節において同じ。）にかかつた場合に、当該労働者に対し、その請求に基づいて行なう。
Where a worker has suffered an injury or disease (limited to diseases specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Section) resulting from commuting (meaning commuting as set forth in Article 7, paragraph (1), item (ii); the same shall apply hereinafter), medical treatment benefits shall be paid to said worker based on his/her claim.

2001年（平成13年）3月24日ダイヤ改正により、開業以来続いた列車体系を大幅に変更し、従来の特急を通勤特急に、快速急行を快速特急に改称、停車駅が快速特急より多く快速急行より少ない特急および行楽期の臨時特急を新設。
March 24, 2001: With the timetable revision, the train operation system that had been practiced since the inauguration underwent the following drastic changes: the denomination of the conventional limited express was changed to the Commuter Limited Express and the rapid express to rapid limited express, respectively; and the limited express and special limited express, which operated in the tourist seasons with more stops than the rapid limited express but fewer stops than rapid express, were introduced.

特急車の急行は早朝・深夜の入出庫を兼ねた運用のほか、平日朝下りの通勤時間帯が終了する9時～10時台にも淀屋橋～枚方市駅間の急行として運用に入る便が上り1本・下り3本、さらに淀屋橋発出町柳行急行として運用されるものが1本ある。
Limited express trains used for service not only undertake the operation of putting the train into and setting it out of the depot in the early morning and in the late evening, but they also run between Yodoyabashi Station and Hirakatashi Station as express from 9:00 to 11:00, the time slot after the morning commuter hours of outbound trains on weekdays finish, and for this service one inbound train and three outbound trains are operated in addition to another one, which is used as an express for Demachiyanagi Station starting from Yodoyabashi Station.

政府は、当分の間、労働者が通勤により負傷し、又は疾病にかかり、治つたとき身体に障害が存する場合における当該障害に関しては、障害年金を受ける権利を有する者に対し、その請求に基づき、保険給付として、障害年金前払一時金を支給する。
The government shall, for the time being, in cases where a worker has suffered an injury or disease resulting from commuting and remains physically disabled when he/she has recovered, pay a disability pension advance lump sum payment, as insurance benefits, to the person entitled to the right to receive a disability pension based on his/her claim.

鴨東線開業の効果は大きく、沿線の通勤客のみならず、出町柳駅近くに立地する京都大学や同志社大学などへの通学が大幅に便利になって定期客が増加したり、乗客の減少で経営が悪化していた叡山電鉄が一気に乗客を取り戻すなど大きく貢献している。
The inauguration of the Oto Line caused remarkable effects, contributing to the increase not only of commuters along the line but also regular passengers, thanks to the improved accessibility for students to Kyoto University and Doshisha University located near Demachiyanagi Station; additionally, it beneficiated Eizan Electric Railway, which had been suffering severe financial condition due to the decline of passengers, but it promptly recovered its user statistics.

傷病年金は、通勤により負傷し、又は疾病にかかつた労働者が、当該負傷又は疾病に係る療養の開始後一年六箇月を経過した日において次の各号のいずれにも該当するとき、又は同日後次の各号のいずれにも該当することとなつたときに、その状態が継続している間、当該労働者に対して支給する。
An injury and disease pension shall be paid to a worker who has suffered an injury or disease resulting from commuting, when he/she falls under all of the following items on the day on which one year and six months have elapsed after the commencement of medical treatment pertaining to said injury or disease, or has come to fall under all of the following items after said day, and such payment shall be made for the period during which the relevant condition continues to exist:

全車自由席の列車だと山陽本線の岡山駅～下関駅間を走る列車（下り2本・上り3本、広島シティネットワーク区間では快速「シティライナー (列車)」となり、徳山駅で列車番号が変わる。夕方の上り1本はさらに岡山駅から通勤ライナー (列車)となる。運行距離は384.7km）となる。
Among the trains having no reserved seats, those running between Okayama Station and Shimonoseki Station run the longest distance (two outbound trains and three inbound trains; they become the Rapid Service 'City Liner' in the Hiroshima City Network section, and a train number changes at Tokuyama Station; moreover, an inbound train in the evening becomes 'Commuter Liner (train)' from Okayama Station (running distance: 384.7 km).

1986年まで客車普通列車が走っていたり、生瀬～道場付近では武庫川の渓流の眺めを楽しめたりするなど、のどかなローカル路線の体であったが、同年の宝塚～新三田間の複線電化を機にそれらは姿を消し、沿線住宅開発の進展とJR東西線の開業などにより新型電車が行き交う通勤路線となっている。
Up to 1986, the Fukuchiyama Line was a tranquil local line where passenger local trains ran and the scenery of a Muko-gawa River stream was enjoyed near Namaze and Dojo; however, these scenes disappeared as the line between Takarazuka Station and Shin-Sanda Station was double-tracked and electrified in 1986, and it was transformed into a commuter line on which new types of trains run, housing development is promoted along the line and the JR Tozai Line has been established.

公共職業安定所が、その通常通勤することができない地域から労働者を雇い入れようとする求人者を援助しようとする場合は、求人者の事業所における賃金その他の労働条件が法令に違反しないこと及びその通常通勤することができる地域内における一般的水準より低くないことを確認しなければならない。
If a Public Employment Security Office intends to provide support to a job offerer who is planning to employ a worker from an area normally not commutable, the Public Employment Security Office shall make sure that the wages and other labor conditions at the workplaces of the job offerer are not in violation of any applicable law or regulation, and that such labor conditions are not inferior to the general levels within the normally commutable area.

かつては特別急行列車の停車駅だったが、2001年3月24日のダイヤ改正以降、昼間の閑散時に設定される特急（平日830～1530、休日830～1830）の通過駅となり、2007年3月17日のダイヤ改正以降は平日の朝晩に通勤特急が停車するのみで、休日は特急系統が全く停車しなくなった。
In the past, limited express trains would stop at Omiya Station, but after the schedule revision of March 24, 2001, those trains would pass the station during off-time in daytime (8:30-15:30 on weekdays and 8:30-18:30 on holidays); however, with the schedule revision of March 17, 2007, only (commuter) limited express trains would stop at the station in the morning and evening on weekdays, so no limited express trains stop at the station on holidays.

が、朝日新聞が2005年7月11日に報じた所では、従来よりオフィス街でブルーカラー労働者の通勤範囲外で労働者空白地帯だった所に、ビル清掃・解体工事など一定の労働力確保を必要とする業者が、自社で管理する空きビルのフロアに多段式ベッドを入れるなどして簡易宿泊施設に改装、労働力の獲得に成功しているという。
However, according to an Asahi Shinbun newspaper story of July 11, 2005, some of the companies belonging to the businesses that need to ensure a certain amount of labor force, such as building cleaning service and demolition work, have succeeded in securing the labor force by refurbishing their own buildings into cheap accommodations and installing multiple-deck beds and others, in a business district which has been traditionally the blank area of laborers, because its location is beyond the workers' commutable range.

前条第一号の事業主が、同号及び同条第二号に掲げる者を包括して当該事業について成立する保険関係に基づきこの保険による業務災害及び通勤災害に関する保険給付を受けることができる者とすることにつき申請をし、政府の承認があつたときは、第三章第一節から第三節まで及び第三章の二の規定の適用については、次に定めるところによる。
When an employer set forth in item (i) of the preceding Article has made an application for designating persons listed in said item and in item (ii) of said Article collectively as persons eligible to receive insurance benefits in respect of employment injuries and commuting injuries under this insurance based upon insurance relationships established with regard to the relevant business, and the approval of the government has been given, the application of the provisions of Chapter III, Sections 1 to 3 and Chapter III-2 shall be provided as follows:

特急を通勤特急に、快速急行を快速特急に、急行を快速急行に、快速を急行に改称の上で南茨木にも停車させ、特急は停車駅を快速特急よりも多く快速急行よりも少なくして、各優等列車の停車駅を従来のほぼ2倍にし、特急を事実上それまでの急行と同等の列車にした（この点については2007年の淡路駅の追加停車でその様相がさらに色濃くなった）。
The following points were changed: the denomination of limited express was changed to Commuter Limited Express, rapid express to rapid limited express, express to rapid express and rapid to express, respectively; express was made to stop at Minami-ibaraki Station; limited express would have more stops than rapid limited express but fewer stops than rapid express; each type of higher-category train would have nearly twice as many stops as before; limited express became practically the same grade as the former express (this characteristic became more clear when Awaji Station was designated as an additional stop in 2007).

受刑者に外部通勤作業を行わせる場合には、刑事施設の長は、法務省令で定めるところにより、当該外部事業所の事業主（以下この条において「外部事業主」という。）との間において、受刑者の行う作業の種類、作業時間、受刑者の安全及び衛生を確保するため必要な措置その他外部通勤作業の実施に関し必要な事項について、取決めを行わなければならない。
Upon assigning an outside work with commute travels to a sentenced person, the warden of the penal institution shall, pursuant to a Ministry of Justice Ordinance, make an arrangement with the business operator of the outside business establishment (hereinafter referred to as 'outside business operator') with regard to the kind of work, working hours, necessary measures for ensuring safety and health of the sentenced person, and other matters necessary for the implementation of the outside work with commute travels.

事業主は、通常の労働者との均衡を考慮しつつ、その雇用する短時間労働者（通常の労働者と同視すべき短時間労働者を除く。次条第二項及び第十一条において同じ。）の職務の内容、職務の成果、意欲、能力又は経験等を勘案し、その賃金（通勤手当、退職手当その他の厚生労働省令で定めるものを除く。次項において同じ。）を決定するように努めるものとする。
With regard to Part-Time Workers (excluding Part-Time Workers Equivalent to Ordinary Workers; the same shall apply in paragraph 2 of the following Article and Article 11) employed by a business operator, he/she shall endeavor to decide their wages (excluding commutation allowances, retirement allowances and others specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; the same shall apply in the following paragraph), with due consideration to a balance with ordinary workers, and by taking into consideration of such matters as the Job Descriptions of those Part-Time Workers, the performances of their jobs, their motivation, and their abilities or experience.

この法律の施行地外の地域のうち開発途上にある地域に対する技術協力の実施の事業（事業の期間が予定される事業を除く。）を行う団体が、当該団体の業務の実施のため、当該開発途上にある地域（業務災害及び通勤災害に関する保護制度の状況その他の事情を考慮して厚生労働省令で定める国の地域を除く。）において行われる事業に従事させるために派遣する者
a person who is dispatched by an organization carrying out a business for providing technical cooperation in a developing area outside the area where this Act is in force (excluding businesses for which the period of business is predetermined), to be engaged in a business carried out in said developing area (excluding areas in countries specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in consideration of the status of protection systems in relation to employment injuries and commuting injuries and other circumstances) in order to perform the operations of said organization; and

直後の1944年4月1日には明石電車区の南側にあった川崎航空機明石工場（現在の川崎重工業明石工場、現在はオートバイの工場だが、当時は陸軍の戦闘機三式戦闘機などを製造していた）への通勤客の輸送手段を確保するため、明石電車区の構内に西明石駅を設置、明石電車区所持者のみの客扱いを開始した（1946年2月1日から一般客の取扱いも開始）。
On April 1, 1944, the Nishi-Akashi Station was established inside the site of the Akashi Train Depot and started passenger service for season-ticket holders (it started passenger service for people other than season-ticket holders from February 1, 1946) in order to secure the transport of commuters going to Akashi Works of Kawasaki Airplane Manufacturing Company, Ltd. located on the south side of the Akashi Train Depot (current Akashi Works of Kawasaki Heavy Industries. while it is manufacturing motorcycles at present, it was manufacturing Army Type 3 Fighters at the time).

並行する東海道本線や東海道新幹線の整備、近鉄特急の攻勢で、名古屋 - 奈良・大阪間の輸送よりも、名古屋と伊勢市・南紀を結ぶ快速や特急による都市間輸送・観光輸送、電化された愛知・三重県内の名古屋 - 亀山・伊勢間および奈良県・大阪府内の加茂 - 大阪間における都市間輸送・通勤通学輸送が中心の路線となっている（詳細な運行形態は後述）。
Due to the competitions with the Tokaido Main Line, the Tokaido Shinkansen and Kintetsu Limited Express, however, the line is currently being used mainly for interurban transportation/tourists transportation by Rapid and Limited Express between Nagoya and Ise City/Nanki region as well as for interurban transportation/commuters transportation on the electrified sections between Nagoya and Kameyama/Ise in Aichi/Mie Prefecture and Kamo and Osaka in Nara/Osaka Prefecture, rather than the transportation between Nagoya and Nara/Osaka (details of operation are to be mentioned below).

そのため通勤客対象に1996年3月16日からは朝通勤時の近江今津発大阪行き、1997年3月8日からは夕方帰宅時の京都発永原行きの上下1本ずつ快速が設定され（前者は新旭・近江高島・北小松通過、後者は近江舞子以北各駅に停車、2002年3月23日から快速は両者ともおごと温泉駅に停車するようになった）、のちの敦賀まで運転区間が延長されている。
Accordingly, for commuters the rapid train from Omi-Imazu Station to Osaka Station running once during the morning (set on March 16, 1996) and the rapid train from Kyoto Station to Nagahara Station running once in the evening (set on March 8, 1997) were added (the former passes Shin-Asahi, Omi-Takashima and Kitakomatsu Stations, and the latter stops at every station to the north of Omi-Maiko Station; however, both trains have stopped at Ogotoonsen Station since March 23, 2002), and the operation of these trains has been extended to Tsuruga Station.

労働者災害補償保険は、業務上の事由又は通勤による労働者の負傷、疾病、障害、死亡等に対して迅速かつ公正な保護をするため、必要な保険給付を行い、あわせて、業務上の事由又は通勤により負傷し、又は疾病にかかつた労働者の社会復帰の促進、当該労働者及びその遺族の援護、労働者の安全及び衛生の確保等を図り、もつて労働者の福祉の増進に寄与することを目的とする。
The purposes of the industrial accident compensation insurance are to grant necessary insurance benefits to workers in order to give them prompt and fair protection against injury, disease, disability or death or the like resulting from an employment-related cause or commuting, and to promote the social rehabilitation of workers who have suffered an injury or disease from an employment-related cause or commuting, assist those workers and their surviving family members and secure the safety and health of workers or the like, thereby contributing to the promotion of the welfare of such workers.

この法律の施行地内において事業（事業の期間が予定される事業を除く。）を行う事業主が、この法律の施行地外の地域（業務災害及び通勤災害に関する保護制度の状況その他の事情を考慮して厚生労働省令で定める国の地域を除く。）において行われる事業に従事させるために派遣する者（当該事業が特定事業に該当しないときは、当該事業に使用される労働者として派遣する者に限る。）
a person who is dispatched by an employer carrying out a business in the area where this Act is in force (excluding businesses for which the period of business is predetermined), to be engaged in a business carried out in an area outside the area where this Act is in force (excluding areas in countries specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in consideration of the status of protection systems in relation to employment injuries and commuting injuries and other circumstances) (in cases where said business does not fall under the scope of specified business, limited to persons who are dispatched as workers employed in said business)

労働者が、前項各号に掲げる移動の経路を逸脱し、又は同項各号に掲げる移動を中断した場合においては、当該逸脱又は中断の間及びその後の同項各号に掲げる移動は、第一項第二号の通勤としない。ただし、当該逸脱又は中断が、日常生活上必要な行為であつて厚生労働省令で定めるものをやむを得ない事由により行うための最小限度のものである場合は、当該逸脱又は中断の間を除き、この限りでない。
Where a worker has deviated from the route of the journey listed in each item of the preceding paragraph or has stopped en route during any journey listed in each item of said paragraph, such deviation or stoppage en route and any subsequent journey listed in each item of said paragraph shall not constitute commuting as set forth in paragraph (1), item (ii); provided, however, that this shall not apply where said deviation or stoppage en route is the minimum required for carrying out an act necessary in daily life as specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare due to unavoidable circumstances, except during the period of said deviation or stoppage en route.

公共職業安定所の設置及び管轄区域の決定に当つては、前二号によるの外、工場、事業場が少い地域であつても、他の地域に対する労働力の給源をなしている地域又は通勤範囲から適当な労働者を求めることができない工場、事業場のある地域にも、必要により公共職業安定所を設置する等、国の労働力を最高度に活用するために、地方的な必要のみでなく、他の地域又は国全体との関連を十分考慮することを必要とすること。
Upon deciding the establishment and the jurisdictional district of the Public Employment Security Offices, sufficient consideration is required in respect of, in addition to the standards provided in the preceding 2 items, not only the local necessities but also the relationship with other local areas or with the whole nation, so that the national labor force can be optimized to the fullest extent, such as establishing the Public Employment Security Office where necessary in the area where there are few plants, factories or other workplaces but which is the source of labor supply to other areas, or the area where there are plants, factories or other workplaces but such workplaces may not secure appropriate workers residing within commuting distance.

第三十三条第六号の団体又は同条第七号の事業主が、同条第六号又は第七号に掲げる者を、当該団体又は当該事業主がこの法律の施行地内において行う事業（事業の期間が予定される事業を除く。）についての保険関係に基づきこの保険による業務災害及び通勤災害に関する保険給付を受けることができる者とすることにつき申請をし、政府の承認があつたときは、第三章第一節から第三節まで及び第三章の二の規定の適用については、次に定めるところによる。
When an association set forth in Article 33, item (vi) or an employer set forth in item (vii) of said Article has made an application for designating a person listed in item (vi) or (vii) of said Article as a person eligible to receive insurance benefits in respect of an employment injury and commuting injury under this insurance, based on an insurance relationship in relation to a business (excluding businesses for which the period of business is predetermined) carried out by said association or employer in the area where this Act is in force, and the approval of the government has been given, the application of the provisions of Chapter III, Sections 1 to 3 and Chapter III-2 shall be provided as follows:

第三条中労働保険の保険料の徴収等に関する法律第十二条第三項の改正規定（「業務災害に関する保険給付」の下に「（労災保険法第三十条第一項の規定により保険給付を受けることができることとされた者（以下「第三種特別加入者」という。）に係る保険給付を除く。）」を加える部分及び「第一種特別加入保険料の額」の下に「から通勤災害に係る率に応ずる部分の額を減じた額」を加える部分を除く。）及び附則第十一条の規定　昭和五十一年十二月三十一日
The revised provision of Article 12, paragraph (3) of the Act on Collection, etc. of Insurance Premiums of Labor Insurance in Article 3 (excluding the portion adding the term "(excluding the insurance benefits pertaining to persons deemed as entitled to receive the insurance benefit pursuant to the provision of Article 30, paragraph (1) of the Industrial Accident Insurance Act (hereinafter referred to as the "insured of Class III special enrollment"))" following the term "the insurance benefits pertaining to employment injury", and the portion adding the term "after deducting the amount of the portion corresponding to the rate of commuting injury" following the term "the amount of the Class I special enrollment insurance premiums"), and the provision of Article 11 of the Supplementary Provisions:　December 31, 1976

政府は、次の各号のいずれかに該当する事故について保険給付を行つたときは、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより、業務災害に関する保険給付にあつては労働基準法の規定による災害補償の価額の限度で、通勤災害に関する保険給付にあつては通勤災害を業務災害とみなした場合に支給されるべき業務災害に関する保険給付に相当する同法の規定による災害補償の価額の限度で、その保険給付に要した費用に相当する金額の全部又は一部を事業主から徴収することができる。
When the government has paid insurance benefits in relation to an accident which falls under any of the following items, it may collect from the employer, pursuant to the provisions of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the whole or a part of the amount of money equivalent to the amount incurred to pay the insurance benefits, up to the limit of, in the case of insurance benefits in respect of an employment injury, the value of accident compensation under the provisions of the Labor Standards Act, and up to the limit of, in the case of insurance benefits in respect of a commuting injury, the value of accident compensation under the provisions of said Act equivalent to the insurance benefits in respect of an employment injury payable where a commuting injury is deemed to be an employment injury:

加えて沿線人口の減少傾向と住民の高齢化など輸送需要の低下が進んできた中、1989年の京阪電鉄京阪鴨東線開業や1997年の地下鉄烏丸線の全通（北山駅 (京都府)～国際会館駅間延伸）、JR山陰本線（嵯峨野線）の新駅開業や鉄道の電化・部分複線化（更に現在、京都駅～園部駅間の完全複線化工事が進行中である）などで、通勤・通学客が所要時間の短縮や他の交通機関との接続等の利便性から電車利用へ移行する結果となり、旅客輸送人員は1975年（昭和50年）度をピークに年々減少の一途をたどっている。
In addition to the above, such factors as the decrease of population along the routes, the aging of residents, the opening of the Keihan Oto Line of the Keihan Electric Railway in 1989, the full opening of the Karasuma Line in 1997 (by which the Kitayama Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Kokusaikaikan Station section was extended), the opening of a new station and the completion of electrification and partial double-tracking of the JR Sanin Main Line (Sagano Line) (the work required for full double-tracking is continuing between Kyoto Station and Sonobe Station) promoted the shift of passengers to electric trains because of the reduced travel time and the convenience of transfer to other means of public transportation, and under such circumstances the company's number of passengers has continued to decrease since its peak period of 1975.

山電も山陽電気鉄道820・850形電車といった元特急車のほか、2扉の特急車と3扉の通勤車が投入された山陽電気鉄道2000系電車、一部木造車が残っていた山陽電気鉄道100形電車を更新した山陽電気鉄道250形電車、山陽電気鉄道270形電車、流線型の山陽電気鉄道200形電車小型車を更新した山陽電気鉄道300形電車、広軌63系として有名な山陽電気鉄道700形電車を更新した山陽電気鉄道2700系電車と700系全金属改造車、そして現在も活躍する山陽電気鉄道3000系電車が運用されていた。
Sanyo Railway was using, in addition to Sanyo 820/850 series cars that were previously used for super-express trains, Sanden 2000 series cars including two-door cars for super-express and three-door cars for commuting trains, Sanden 250 series cars that were converted from Sanden 100 series wooden cars, Sanden 250 series cars, Sanden 270 series cars, Sanden 300 series cars that were converted from streamline-shaped small-size cars of Sanden 200 series cars, Sanden 2700 series cars that were converted from Sanden 700 series cars famous for broad-gauge 63 type, 700 type metal-made cars and Sanden 3000 series cars that are being used even at present.

第十四条及び第十四条の二の規定は、休業給付について準用する。この場合において、第十四条第一項中「業務上の」とあるのは「通勤による」と、同条第二項中「別表第一第一号から第三号までに規定する場合に応じ、それぞれ同表第一号から第三号までの政令で定める率のうち傷病補償年金について定める率」とあるのは「第二十三条第二項において準用する別表第一第一号から第三号までに規定する場合に応じ、それぞれ同表第一号から第三号までの政令で定める率のうち傷病年金について定める率」と読み替えるものとする。
The provisions of Article 14 and Article 14-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to temporary absence from work benefits. In this case, the term "resulting from an employment-related cause" in Article 14, paragraph (1) shall be deemed to be replaced with "resulting from commuting" and the term "in accordance with the provisions of items (i) to (iii) of Appended Table 1, by the rate for an injury and disease compensation pension amongst the rates specified by a Cabinet Order set forth in items (i) to (iii) of said table" in paragraph (2) of said Article shall be deemed to be replaced with "in accordance with the provisions of items (i) to (iii) of Appended Table 1 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 23, paragraph (2), by the rate for an injury and disease compensation pension amongst the rates specified by a Cabinet Order set forth in items (i) to (iii) of said table."

第三種特別加入保険料の額は、第三種特別加入者について労災保険法第三十六条第一項第二号において準用する労災保険法第三十四条第一項第三号の給付基礎日額その他の事情を考慮して厚生労働省令で定める額の総額に労災保険法第三十三条第六号又は第七号に掲げる者が従事している事業と同種又は類似のこの法律の施行地内で行われている事業についての業務災害及び通勤災害に係る災害率、社会復帰促進等事業として行う事業の種類及び内容その他の事情を考慮して厚生労働大臣の定める率（以下「第三種特別加入保険料率」という。）を乗じて得た額とする。
The amount of the Class III special enrollment insurance premiums shall be the amount obtained by multiplying the total of the amounts specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare by taking into consideration of the basic daily benefit amount set forth in Article 34, paragraph (1), item (iii), which applies mutatis mutandis to the insured person of Class III special enrollment pursuant to Article 36, paragraph (1), item (ii) of the Industrial Accident Insurance Act and other circumstances, by the rate prescribed by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare by taking into consideration of the injury rate pertaining to employment injury and commuting injury for the businesses of the same type as or similar type to those in which the persons listed in Article 33, item (vi) or (vii) of the Industrial Accident Insurance Act are engaged and which are operated within the jurisdiction where this Act is effective, the type and content of the services implemented as the services for social rehabilitation promotion, etc. and other circumstances (hereinafter referred to as the "Class III special enrollment insurance premium rate").

刑事施設の長は、刑法第二十八条（国際受刑者移送法第二十一条において読み替えて適用する場合を含む。）、少年法第五十八条又は国際受刑者移送法第二十二条の規定により仮釈放を許すことができる期間を経過した懲役受刑者又は禁錮受刑者が、第八十八条第二項の規定により開放的施設において処遇を受けていることその他の法務省令で定める事由に該当する場合において、その円滑な社会復帰を図るため必要があるときは、刑事施設の職員の同行なしに、その受刑者を刑事施設の外の事業所（以下この条において「外部事業所」という。）に通勤させて作業を行わせることができる。
In cases where either a person sentenced to imprisonment with work or a person sentenced to imprisonment without work has served the period of time for parole qualification pursuant to the provisions of Article 28 of the Penal Code (including the cases where it is applied by replacing the terms pursuant to Article 21 of the Act on the Transnational Transfer of Sentenced Persons), Article 58 of the Juvenile Code, or Article 22 of the Act on the Transnational Transfer of Sentenced Persons and falls under cases specified by a Ministry of Justice Ordinance, such as being placed in an open-type institution pursuant to the provision under paragraph (2) of Article 88, the warden of the penal institution may, if necessary for smooth re-entry to society, permit him/her to commute to a business establishment outside the penal institution (hereinafter referred to as 'outside business establishment' in this Article) without an escort of staff members of the penal institution.

第三十三条第三号に掲げる者の団体又は同条第五号に掲げる者の団体が、当該団体の構成員である同条第三号に掲げる者及びその者に係る同条第四号に掲げる者又は当該団体の構成員である同条第五号に掲げる者の業務災害及び通勤災害（これらの者のうち、住居と就業の場所との間の往復の状況等を考慮して厚生労働省令で定める者にあつては、業務災害に限る。）に関してこの保険の適用を受けることにつき申請をし、政府の承認があつたときは、第三章第一節から第三節まで（当該厚生労働省令で定める者にあつては、同章第一節及び第二節）、第三章の二及び徴収法第二章から第六章までの規定の適用については、次に定めるところによる。
When an association of persons set forth in Article 33, item (iii) or an association of persons set forth in item (v) of said Article has made an application to have this insurance apply to employment injuries and commuting injuries to the persons set forth in item (iii) of said Article who are members of said association and to persons set forth in item (iv) of said Article related to those persons or to persons set forth in item (v) of said Article who are members of said association (limited to employment injuries in the case of persons specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare among those listed above in consideration of the situation of round-trips between their residences and workplaces or the like), and the approval of the government has been given, the application of the provisions of Chapter III, Sections 1 to 3 (with regard to said persons specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Sections 1 and 2 of said Chapter) and Chapter III-2 of this Act and Chapters II to VI of the Premiums Collection Act shall be provided as follows:

労災保険率は、労災保険法の規定による保険給付及び社会復帰促進等事業に要する費用の予想額に照らし、将来にわたつて、労災保険の事業に係る財政の均衡を保つことができるものでなければならないものとし、政令で定めるところにより、労災保険法の適用を受けるすべての事業の過去三年間の業務災害（労災保険法第七条第一項第一号の業務災害をいう。以下同じ。）及び通勤災害（同項第二号の通勤災害をいう。以下同じ。）に係る災害率並びに二次健康診断等給付（同項第三号の二次健康診断等給付をいう。次項及び第十三条において同じ。）に要した費用の額、社会復帰促進等事業として行う事業の種類及び内容その他の事情を考慮して厚生労働大臣が定める。
The industrial accident insurance rate shall be required to be of the value that would allow the maintenance of balanced budget pertaining to the industrial accident insurance services now and in the future, in light of the anticipated costs of the insurance benefits and the services for social rehabilitation promotion, etc. under the provisions of the Industrial Accident Insurance Act, and such rate shall be prescribed, as specified by a Cabinet Order, by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare by taking into consideration of the injury rate pertaining to employment injury (meaning the employment injury set forth in Article 7, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Industrial Accident Insurance Act; the same shall apply hereinafter) and commuting injury (meaning the commuting injury set forth in item (ii) of the same paragraph; the same shall apply hereinafter) during the past three years in respect of all businesses to which the Industrial Accident Insurance Act is applied and the amount of the costs required for the benefit for second medical examination, etc. (meaning the benefit for second medical examination, etc. set forth in item (iii) of the same paragraph; the same shall apply in the following paragraph and in Article 13), the type and content of the services implemented as the services for social rehabilitation promotion, etc., and other circumstances.

第二種特別加入保険料の額は、労災保険法第三十五条第一項の規定により労災保険の適用を受けることができることとされた者（次項において「第二種特別加入者」という。）について同条第一項第六号の給付基礎日額その他の事情を考慮して厚生労働省令で定める額の総額に労災保険法第三十三条第三号の事業と同種若しくは類似の事業又は同条第五号の作業と同種若しくは類似の作業を行う事業についての業務災害及び通勤災害に係る災害率（労災保険法第三十五条第一項の厚生労働省令で定める者に関しては、当該同種若しくは類似の事業又は当該同種若しくは類似の作業を行う事業についての業務災害に係る災害率）、社会復帰促進等事業として行う事業の種類及び内容その他の事情を考慮して厚生労働大臣の定める率（以下「第二種特別加入保険料率」という。）を乗じて得た額とする。
The amount of the Class II special enrollment insurance premiums shall be the amount obtained by multiplying the total of the amounts specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare for the persons deemed as entitled to be covered by the industrial accident insurance pursuant to the provision of Article 35, paragraph (1) of the Industrial Accident Insurance Act (in the following paragraph referred to as the "insured of Class II special enrollment"), by taking into consideration of the basic daily benefit amount set forth in the same Article, paragraph (1), item (vi) and other circumstances, by the rate prescribed by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare by taking into consideration of the injury rate pertaining to employment injury and commuting injury for the businesses of the same type as or similar type to those set forth in Article 33, item (iii) of the Industrial Accident Insurance Act or the businesses conducting the works of the same type as or similar type to those set forth in the same Article, item (v) (or, in case of the persons specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare set forth in Article 35, paragraph (1) of the Industrial Accident Insurance Act, the injury rate pertaining to employment injury for such business of the same or similar type or the business conducting such works of the same or similar type), the type and content of the services implemented as the services for social rehabilitation promotion, etc. and other circumstances (hereinafter referred to as the "Class II special enrollment insurance premium rate").

同一の業務上の事由又は通勤による負傷又は疾病（以下この条において「同一の傷病」という。）に関し、年金たる保険給付（遺族補償年金及び遺族年金を除く。以下この項において「乙年金」という。）を受ける権利を有する労働者が他の年金たる保険給付（遺族補償年金及び遺族年金を除く。以下この項において「甲年金」という。）を受ける権利を有することとなり、かつ、乙年金を受ける権利が消滅した場合において、その消滅した月の翌月以後の分として乙年金が支払われたときは、その支払われた乙年金は、甲年金の内払とみなす。同一の傷病に関し、年金たる保険給付（遺族補償年金及び遺族年金を除く。）を受ける権利を有する労働者が休業補償給付若しくは休業給付又は障害補償一時金若しくは障害一時金を受ける権利を有することとなり、かつ、当該年金たる保険給付を受ける権利が消滅した場合において、その消滅した月の翌月以後の分として当該年金たる保険給付が支払われたときも、同様とする。
Where a worker entitled to the right to receive insurance benefits in pension form (excluding the compensation pension for surviving family and the pension for surviving family; hereinafter referred to as "Pension B" in this paragraph) has become entitled to the right to receive other insurance benefits in pension form (excluding the compensation pension for surviving family and the pension for surviving family; hereinafter referred to as "Pension A" in this paragraph) in respect of the same injury or disease resulting from an employment-related cause or commuting (hereinafter referred to as "the same injury or disease" in this Article), and the right to receive Pension B has been extinguished, if Pension B has been paid for a period from the month following the month in which the right thereto was extinguished, that payment of Pension B shall be deemed to be a down payment on Pension A. Where a worker entitled to the right to receive insurance benefits in pension form (excluding the compensation pension for surviving family and the pension for surviving family) has become entitled to the right to receive a temporary absence from work compensation benefit or temporary absence from work benefits, or disability compensation lump sum payment or disability lump sum payment in respect of the same injury or disease, and the right to receive said insurance benefits in pension form has been extinguished, the same shall apply if said insurance benefits in pension form have been paid for a period from the month following the month in which the right thereto was extinguished.

施行日の属する保険年度及びこれに引き続く三保険年度においては、前条の規定による改正後の労働保険の保険料の徴収等に関する法律第十二条第一項中「過去三年間の業務災害（同法第七条第一項第一号の業務災害をいう。以下同じ。）及び通勤災害（同項第二号の通勤災害をいう。第三項において同じ。）に係る災害率」とあるのは「過去三年間の業務災害（同法第七条第一項第一号の業務災害をいう。以下同じ。）に係る災害率並びに労働者災害補償保険法の一部を改正する法律（昭和四十八年法律第八十五号。以下「昭和四十八年改正法」という。）の施行の日の属する保険年度及びこれに引き続く三保険年度における通勤災害（同項第二号の通勤災害をいう。第三項において同じ。）に係る災害率又はその予想値」と、同条第三項中「過去三年間の通勤災害に係る災害率」とあるのは「昭和四十八年改正法の施行の日の属する保険年度及びこれに引き続く三保険年度における通勤災害に係る災害率又はその予想値」とする。
For the insurance year including the effective date and for three insurance years following such insurance year, the term "the injury rate pertaining to employment injury (meaning the employment injury set forth in Article 7, paragraph (1), item (i) of the same Act; the same shall apply hereinafter) and commuting injury (meaning the commuting injury set forth in item (ii) of the same paragraph; the same shall apply in paragraph (3)) during the past three years" in Article 12, paragraph (1) of the Act on Collection, etc. of Insurance Premiums of Labor Insurance as revised by the provision of the preceding Article shall be deemed to be replaced with "the injury rate pertaining to employment injury (meaning the employment injury set forth in Article 7, paragraph (1), item (i) of the same Act; the same shall apply hereinafter) during the past three years and the injury rate or the prospective value thereof pertaining to commuting injury (meaning the commuting injury set forth in item (ii) of the same paragraph; the same shall apply in paragraph (3)) during the insurance year including the effective date of the Act Revising a Portion of the Act on Collection, etc. of Insurance Premiums of Labor Insurance (Act No. 85 of 1973; hereinafter referred to as the "Revised Act of 1973") and three insurance years following such insurance year", and the term "the injury rate pertaining to commuting injury...during the past three years" in the same Article, paragraph (3) with "the injury rate or the prospective value thereof pertaining to commuting injury...during the insurance year including the effective date of the Revised Act of 1973 and three insurance years following such insurance year".

昭和五十五年十二月三十一日において、労働保険の保険料の徴収等に関する法律（以下「徴収等」という。）第三条に規定する労災保険に係る労働保険の保険関係が成立している事業に関する第二条の規定による改正後の徴収法第十二条第三項の規定の適用については、同項中「遺族補償一時金」とあるのは「遺族補償一時金（昭和五十五年十二月三十一日後に支給すべき事由が生じたものに限る。）」と、「（以下この項及び第二十条第一項において「特定疾病にかかつた者に係る保険給付」という。）」とあるのは「（以下この項において「特定疾病にかかつた者に係る保険給付」といい、同日後の期間に係る年金たる保険給付及び同日後に支給すべき事由が生じた年金たる保険給付以外の保険給付に限る。）」と、「乗じて得た額」とあるのは「乗じて得た額（一般保険料又は第一種特別加入保険料の額の算定の基礎となつた期間のうちに同日以前の期間がある場合には、同日以前の期間に係る一般保険料の額から通勤災害に係る率に応ずる部分の額を減じた額と第一種特別加入保険料の額から通勤災害に係る率に応ずる部分の額を減じた額とを合算した額に同日後の期間に係る一般保険料の額から通勤災害に係る率に応ずる部分の額を減じた額と第一種特別加入保険料の額から通勤災害に係る率に応ずる部分の額を減じた額とを合算した額に調整率を乗じて得た額を加えた額）」と、「同日を」とあるのは「十二月三十一日を」とする。
With regard to the application of the provision of Article 12, paragraph (3) of the Act on Collection, etc. of Insurance Premiums of Labor Insurance (hereinafter referred to as the "Collection Act") as revised by the provision of Article 2 to the businesses in respect of which the insurance relation of labor insurance pertaining to the industrial accident insurance prescribed by Article 3 of the Collection Act has been established as of December 31, 1980, the term "the lump sum compensation for surviving family" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "the lump sum compensation for surviving family (limited to the case where the cause for such payment occurs after December 31, 1980)", the term "(hereinafter referred to as the "insurance benefits pertaining to persons afflicted with a specific disease" in this paragraph and in Article 20, paragraph (1))" with "(hereinafter referred to as the "insurance benefits pertaining to persons afflicted with a specific disease" in this paragraph; limited to the insurance benefits other than the insurance benefits paid as pension pertaining to the period after the same date and the insurance benefits paid as pension the cause for payment of which occurs after the same date)", the term "the amount obtained by multiplying...referred to as the "Class I adjustment rate")" with "the amount obtained by multiplying ...referred to as the "Class I adjustment rate") (or, if any period on or before the same date exists during the period being the basis of calculation of the general insurance premiums or the Class I special enrollment insurance premiums, the aggregate of the amount of the general insurance premiums after deducting the amount of the portion corresponding to the rate pertaining to commuting injury and the amount of the Class I special enrollment insurance premiums after deducting the amount of the portion corresponding to the rate pertaining to commuting injury, both pertaining to the period on or before the same date, plus the amount obtained by multiplying the aggregate of the amount of the general insurance premiums after deducting the amount of the portion corresponding to the rate pertaining to commuting injury and the amount of the Class I special enrollment insurance premiums after deducting the amount of the portion corresponding to the rate pertaining to commuting injury, both pertaining to the period after the same date, by the adjustment rate)", and the term "the same date" with "December 31".

厚生労働大臣は、連続する三保険年度中の各保険年度において次の各号のいずれかに該当する事業であつて当該連続する三保険年度中の最後の保険年度に属する三月三十一日（以下この項において「基準日」という。）において労災保険に係る保険関係が成立した後三年以上経過したものについての当該連続する三保険年度の間における労災保険法の規定による業務災害に関する保険給付（労災保険法第十六条の六第一項第二号の場合に支給される遺族補償一時金、特定の業務に長期間従事することにより発生する疾病であつて厚生労働省令で定めるものにかかつた者（厚生労働省令で定める事業の種類ごとに、当該事業における就労期間等を考慮して厚生労働省令で定める者に限る。）に係る保険給付（以下この項及び第二十条第一項において「特定疾病にかかつた者に係る保険給付」という。）及び労災保険法第三十六条第一項の規定により保険給付を受けることができることとされた者（以下「第三種特別加入者」という。）に係る保険給付を除く。）の額（年金たる保険給付その他厚生労働省令で定める保険給付については、その額は、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより算定するものとする。第二十条第一項において同じ。）に労災保険法第二十九条第一項第二号に掲げる事業として支給が行われた給付金のうち業務災害に係るもので厚生労働省令で定めるものの額（一時金として支給された給付金以外のものについては、その額は、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより算定するものとする。）を加えた額と一般保険料の額（第一項第一号の事業については、前項の規定による労災保険率（その率がこの項の規定により引き上げ又は引き下げられたときは、その引き上げ又は引き下げられた率）に応ずる部分の額）から非業務災害率（労災保険法の適用を受けるすべての事業の過去三年間の通勤災害に係る災害率及び二次健康診断等給付に要した費用の額その他の事情を考慮して厚生労働大臣の定める率をいう。以下この項及び第二十条第一項において同じ。）に応ずる部分の額を減じた額に第一種特別加入保険料の額から特別加入非業務災害率（非業務災害率から第十三条の厚生労働大臣の定める率を減じた率をいう。第二十条第一項各号及び第二項において同じ。）に応ずる部分の額を減じた額を加えた額に業務災害に関する年金たる保険給付に要する費用、特定疾病にかかつた者に係る保険給付に要する費用その他の事情を考慮して厚生労働省令で定める率（第二十条第一項第一号において「第一種調整率」という。）を乗じて得た額との割合が百分の八十五を超え、又は百分の七十五以下である場合には、当該事業についての前項の規定による労災保険率から非業務災害率を減じた率を百分の四十の範囲内において厚生労働省令で定める率だけ引き上げ又は引き下げた率に非業務災害率を加えた率を、当該事業についての基準日の属する保険年度の次の次の保険年度の労災保険率とすることができる。
If the ratio between the amount of the insurance benefits pertaining to employment injury provided for in the Industrial Accident Insurance Act (excluding the lump sum compensation for surviving family paid in case of Article 16-6, paragraph (1), item (ii) of the Industrial Accident Insurance Act, the insurance benefits pertaining to persons afflicted with a disease caused as a result of having been engaged in a specific job or occupation for a long period which is specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (limited to the persons specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare for each type of the businesses specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, taking into consideration of the service period in respect of such business, etc.) (hereinafter referred to as the "insurance benefits pertaining to persons afflicted with a specific disease" in this paragraph and in Article 20, paragraph (1)), and the insurance benefits pertaining to persons deemed as entitled to receive the insurance benefit pursuant to the provision of Article 36, paragraph (1) of the Industrial Accident Insurance Act (hereinafter referred to as the "insured of Class III special enrollment")) in respect of any business falling under any of the following items during each insurance year of three consecutive insurance years and in respect of which business three years or more have passed, since the establishment of the insurance relation of industrial accident insurance, as of March 31 of the last insurance year of such consecutive three insurance years (hereinafter referred to as the "reference date" in this paragraph), the payment of which has been made during such consecutive three insurance years (or, in case of insurance benefits paid as pension or otherwise specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the amount thereof shall be calculated pursuant to the provisions of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; the same shall apply in Article 20, paragraph (1)), plus the amount of the payments made as the services listed in Article 29, paragraph (1), item (ii) of the Industrial Accident Insurance Act which pertain to employment injury and which are specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (or, in case of payments other than those paid as lump sum payments, the amount thereof shall be calculated pursuant to the provisions of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare) on one hand, and the amount obtained by multiplying the aggregate of the amount of the general insurance premiums (or, in case of the businesses set forth in paragraph (1), item (i), the amount of the portion corresponding to the industrial accident insurance rate prescribed in the preceding paragraph (or, if such rate has been increased or decreased pursuant to the provision of such paragraph, such increased or decreased rate)) after deducting the amount of the portion corresponding to the off-the-job injury rate (meaning the rate prescribed by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare by taking into consideration of the injury rate pertaining to commuting injury and the amount of the costs required for the benefit for second medical examination, etc. during the past three years in respect of all businesses to which the Industrial Accident Insurance Act is applied, and other circumstances; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph and in Article 20, paragraph (1)) plus the amount of the Class I special enrollment insurance premiums after deducting the amount of the portion corresponding to the special enrollment off-the-job injury rate (meaning the off-the-job injury rate after deducting the rate determined by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare set forth in Article 13; the same shall apply in each item of Article 20, paragraph (1) and in Article 20, paragraph (2)), by the rate specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare by taking into consideration of the costs required for the insurance benefits paid as pension concerning employment injury, the costs required for the insurance benefits pertaining to persons afflicted with a specific disease, and other circumstances (in Article 20, paragraph (1), item (i) referred to as the "Class I adjustment rate") on the other hand, exceeds eighty-five one-hundredth (85/100), or is seventy-five one-hundredth (75/100) or less, then the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare may acknowledge the rate calculated by increasing or decreasing the industrial accident insurance rate prescribed in the preceding paragraph in respect of such business less the off-the-job injury rate, by the rate specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare within the scope of forty one-hundredth (40/100), as the industrial accident insurance rate for the insurance year two years following the insurance year in which the reference date of such business is included.