通: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 新町通り
- Shinmachi-dori Street
- 蟻通勘吾
- Kango ARIDOOSHI
- Kango ARIDOSHI
- 日本の交通
- Transportation within Japan
- Transportation in Japan
- Transport in Japan
- 朝鮮通信使
- Chosen Tsushinshi (the Korean Emissary)
- Joseon Tongsinsa
- 交通の現況
- Current status of transport
- 交通・通信
- Transportation and informational technology
- Public transportation and tele-communication
- 1対1の通信
- one to one communication
- 舞鶴線開通。
- Maizuru Line was opened.
- 丹後海陸交通
- TANGO KAIRIKU KOTSU Co., Ltd.
- Tango Kairiku Koutsu Co., Ltd.
- 京阪京都交通
- Keihan Kyoto Kotsu
- 通称は鎖大師。
- It is commonly called Kusari Daishi (Great Monk of Chains).
- 通信使接待状況
- Treatment of Tsushinshi
- 区内の主な通り
- Major streets in this ward
- Main streets in the ward
- 通し字は「宗」
- The toshiji (or toriji: a specific kanji in names handed down from an ancestor to its descendants) of the clan was '宗' (shu).
- 通称宗左衛門。
- Commonly called Sozaemon.
- 河野通春:伊予国
- Michiharu KONO: Iyo Province
- 融通念仏縁起絵巻
- The Yuzu Nenbutsu engi emaki (Illustrated Handscroll of the Origins of the Yuzu Nenbutsu sect)
- 通交権の対馬集中
- Concentration of the trading rights in Tsushima
- 通し字は「信」。
- The toshiji (or toriji, character-in-common, one of two Chinese characters adopted by members of the same family) was 'nobu' (信).
- 通し字は「景」。
- The Toshiji (or toriji, character-in-common, one of two Chinese characters adopted by members of the same family) was '景' (kage).
- →京都市内の通り
- See 'Streets in Kyoto City.'
- 現在も通行可能。
- Pedestrians can still walk through the tunnel today.
- 公共交通利用の場合
- By public transportation system
- 通称は嶺岡愛宕山。
- Its popular name is Mineoka Atago-yama
- 京都交通 (舞鶴)
- Kyoto Kotsu (Maizuru)
- Kyoto Kotsu Bus (Maizuru)
- Kyoto Kotsu (Maizuru) Bus Service
- Kyoto Kotsu (Maizuru City)
- Kyoto Kotsu in Maizuru City
- 主なものは以下の通り
- These mainly include the following:
- - 東海道線が全通。
- Whole Tokaido Main Line went into service.
- 室町時代の朝鮮通信使
- Chosen Tsushinshi in the Muromcahi period
- 室町期朝鮮通信使履歴
- History of Tsushinshi in the Muromachi period
- 江戸時代の朝鮮通信使
- Chosen Tsushinshi in the Edo period
- 江戸期朝鮮通信使履歴
- History of Chosen Tsushinshi in the Edo period
- 朝鮮通信使の見た日本
- Chosen Tsushinshi's views of Japan
- 丹後海陸交通宮津駅発
- Departure from Miyazu Station: TANGO KAIRIKU KOTSU Co., Ltd.
- 丹後海陸交通梅田駅発
- Departure from Umeda Station: TANGO KAIRIKU KOTSU Co., Ltd.
- 脇坂秀勝:通称左介。
- Katsuhide WAKISAKA: commonly known as Sanosuke (左介).
- 大久保利通の大坂遷都案
- Toshimichi OKUBO's plan to transfer the nation's capital to Osaka
- 豊臣秀吉朝鮮通信使履歴
- History of Chosen Tsushinshi in the Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI era
- 日本交通 (福知山市)
- Nihon Kotsu Co., Ltd. (Fukuchiyama City)
- ※2007年開通予定。
- 1. The bridge is scheduled to open in 2007.
- 国土交通省舞鶴海運支局
- Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Maizuru Marine Transport Bureau
- 橘敏通 - 公頼三男。
- TACHIBANA no Toshimichi: Kimiyori's third son.
- 歴代当主は以下の通り。
- The following is the succession of Mizuno family heads:
- 四代(藩主) 徳川吉通
- The fourth (the lord of the domain): Yoshimichi TOKUGAWA
- - 通称「とうろどう」
- Commonly called 'Torodo.'
- 町内は鉄道が通らない。
- There were no trains in the town.
- 通称、舞鎮(まいちん)。
- It was commonly called Maichin.
- 砲弾が貫通した壁も現存。
- The wall which was penetrated by bullets still remains.
- こちらのバスは通年運行。
- In this case, year-round bus service is available.
- 交通の要所となっている。
- Therefore, it is an important point for traffic.
- 京都交通 (舞鶴)三宮発
- Departure from Sannomiya: Kyoto Kotsu (Maizuru)
- 枢府:「枢密院」の通称。
- Su-fu: Vernacular term for 'Sumitsu-in (Privy Council).'
- 奈良交通(近鉄グループ)
- Nara Kotsu (Kintetsu Group)
- 京都と滋賀を結ぶ主要交通
- Main traffic that connects Kyoto and Shiga
- 奈良交通法隆寺バスセンター
- Horyuji Bus Center of Nara Kotsu Bus Lines Co. Ltd.
- 普通車40台、大型車10台
- For 40 medium-sized cars and 10 large vehicles
- 豊臣秀吉に派遣された通信使
- The Tsushinshi sent to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI
- 正徳度朝鮮通信使の待遇改定
- The change of treatment for Chosen Tsushinshi in the Shotoku era (1711 - 1716)
- 文化度朝鮮通信使の接遇改定
- The change of treatment for Chosen Tsushinshi in the Bunka era (1804 - 1818)
- 名の通り、南に正面を向く。
- As according to its name, the front faced south.
- 弓削家澄:通称六郎左衛門。
- Iezumi YUGE: commonly called Rokurozaemon.
- あきらかに通常の僧侶でない。
- Evidently, he was not a usual priest.
- 通例2時間ほどで下山出来る。
- In general it takes about two hours to go down the mountain.
- 鉄道は村内には通っていない。
- There is no railway passing through the village.
- 通知義務(b商法第557条)
- Duty to give notice (Article 557 of the commercial code)
- 日本交通三宮バスターミナル発
- Departure from Sannomiya Bus Terminal: Nihon Kotsu Co., Ltd.
- 郵便番号は以下の通りである。
- The ZIP code for the town is as follows:
- ZIP code is as follows.
- The ZIP codes are as follows.
- 南側は、竹内街道が通っていた。
- Takenouchi-kaido Road ran through its south side.
- ヨーロッパ荘園に見られる共通点
- Common points in European shoens
- 京都市営バス(京都市交通局)※
- Kyoto City Bus (Kyoto Municipal Transportation Bureau)[1]
- 東大路通の交差点は例外が多い。
- There are many exceptions for the intersections on Higashi-oji-dori Street.
- 逢坂山およびその付近を通るもの
- Roads that go through and around Mt. Osaka
- 数は品川宿からの通し番号である。
- Serial numbers are used, starting at Shinagawa-juku Station.
- 「ぼたもち寺」の通称で知られる。
- The temple is known as 'Botamochi dera' (Temple of botamochi rice cake).
- 韓国の歴史教育における朝鮮通信使
- Chosen Tsushinshi in history education of Korea
- 長辻通 - 嵐山の中心を貫く通り
- Nagatsuji-dori Street - Street running through the central part of Arashiyama
- 橋本駅は普通・準急のみ停車する。
- Only local and semi-express trains stop at Hashimoto Station.
- 片桐直貞:通称孫右衛門・肥後守。
- Naosada KATAGIRI: commonly called Magoemon, Higo no kami (Governor of Higo Province).
- 比較的最近に作られた通りに多い。
- These names can be found in relatively new streets.
- - 東海道本線が浜大津駅まで開通。
- Tokaido Main Line was extended to Hamaotsu Station.
- 現在は、国道166号が通っている。
- The National Route 166 runs there now.
- そのためバスが公共交通機関である。
- For this reason, bus is the public transit system for the area.
- 通交船や交易量の制限を定めたもの。
- This treaty was designed to restrict the amount of trading ships and trading amounts.
- 絵画、工芸、芸能に伝わる朝鮮通信使
- Chosen Tsushinshi in pictures, craftworks and performing arts in Japan
- 神護寺両界曼荼羅(通称高雄曼荼羅)
- Mandala of the Two Realms (commonly called Takao Mandala), Jingo-ji Temple
- 原則として南北の通りを先に付ける。
- The name of the north-south street comes first.
- 琵琶湖沿岸から京都への水運が通じる。
- The water transport was connected from the coast of Lake Biwa to Kyoto.
- 1405年(永楽3) 幕府(源通賢)
- 1405: Bakufu (MINAMOTO no Michikata)
- 坂上時通:11世紀初め頃の検非違使。
- SAKANOUE no Tokimichi - Kebiishi (an official with judicial and police powers) at the beginning of the 11th century.
- 以下は通勤率上位5つの自治体である。
- The five municipalities with the highest commuting rates are shown below.
- 下を東北新幹線の愛宕山トンネルが通る。
- Atagoyama tunnel of Tohoku Shinkansen line runs under it.
- 下を東北自動車道の福島トンネルが通る。
- Fukushima tunnel on the Tohoku Expressway runs under it.
- 下を山陽自動車道の福富トンネルが通る。
- Fukutome tunnel of Sanyo Expressway runs under it.
- 通説では、全173段に区切られている。
- The common accepted theory suggests that this literary work consists of 173 chapters in total.
- グルメ食材としてネット通販に登場する。
- The shoots are featured as gourmet items on Internet shopping sites.
- 国際電気通信基礎技術研究所 (ATR)
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR)
- 堀之内・土居は、中世を通じて存続した。
- Horinouchi and Doi existed through the medieval Japan.
- 東限の東京極大路は現在の寺町通にあたる。
- Togoku-oji Avenue as the eastern border is the current Teramachi-dori Street.
- 下を山陽新幹線の第一船穂トンネルが通る。
- The first Funao tunnel of Sanyo Shinkansen line runs under it.
- 2006年8月4日に栂坂バイパスが開通。
- Tsugasaka Bypass opened on August 4, 2006.
- 発掘の結果わかったことは次の通りである。
- As a result of these excavation, the following findings were made:
- 八幡市駅には急行・準急・普通が停車する。
- Express, semi-express and local trains stop at Yawatashi Station.
- 1899年、京都鉄道が園部まで開通する。
- In 1899, the Kyoto Railway opened to Sonobe.
- 国府の陸上交通のためには駅家が置かれた。
- 'Umaya' (facilities for providing horses, foods, etc.) were established for traffic over land.
- 市場の成立や交通の整備は都市の発展を促す。
- The founding of and subsequent commerce at markets spurred cities to grow and develop.
- 蟻通七五三之進……1864年6月迄に脱走?
- Shimenoshin ARIDOSHI: Deserted the group by June 1864?
- - 明銭(永楽通宝)、生糸、織物、書物ほか
- Minsen (Eiraku-tsuho, bronze coins produced in the Ming Dynasty), raw silk thread, textiles, book and others
- 倭の奴国王は後漢へ通使し金印を授与された。
- The king of 'Na of Way' sent his mission to the Later Han Dynasty and was given a gold stamp.
- 上京区の担当集配郵便局は以下の通りである。
- Post office in charge of collection and delivery in Kamigyo Ward is as follows:
- 戸島(京都府青少年の島) 通称:ポンポコ島
- Toshima Island (Kyoto Prefecture Youth Island), commonly called Ponpoko-jima Island
- 中京区の担当集配郵便局は以下の通りである。
- The post office in charge of collection and delivery in Nakagyo Ward is as follows:
- 区内を走る一般国道:国道367号(烏丸通)
- National route running in the ward: National Route 367 (Karasuma-dori Street)
- 下京区の担当集配郵便局は以下の通りである。
- Post office in charge of collection and delivery in Shimogyo Ward is as follows:
- #は京都市域バス共通回数券が使用可能な会社
- 3. The common commutation tickets for buses in the city can be used for payment.
- 対潮楼 朝鮮通信使の迎賓施設として使われた
- Taicho-ro Reception Hall: Used as the reception facilities for Joseon missions.
- 参加武将:梶原景時、湛増、河野通信、多田行綱
- Other military commanders who took part in the battle: Kagetoki KAJIWARA, the monk Tanzo, Michinobu KONO, and Yukitsuna TADA.
- 新町通り(江戸時代の雰囲気を残す旧紀州街道)
- Shinmachi-dori street (former Kishu Kaido Road keeping the air of the Edo period)
- 特に紛らわしいのは、小町大路と小町通である。
- Particularly confusing are the Komachi-oji Street and Komachi-dori Street.
- (住吉の細江は、現在は細江川通称・細井川駅)
- (Currently, Sumiyoshi no hosoe is Hosoe River (alias), Hosoigawa station)
- 1636年(寛永13年)朝鮮通信使の待遇改定
- The change of treatment for Chosen Tsushinshi in 1636
- 交通の要であった川の氾濫が頻繁であったため。
- Rivers, the main means transportation in the capital, were often flooded.
- 昔から京都と東国とを結ぶ交通の要衝であった。
- It has long been a key junction for transportation between Kyoto and eastern regions of Japan.
- 京都交通バス(国道9号線・27号線沿い)など
- Keihan Kyoto Kotsu Bus (on the National Route 9 and 27)
- 1052年 藤原頼通、宇治に平等院を建立する
- 1052: FUJIWARA no Yorimichi built the Byodo-in Temple in Uji.
- 重通は妻の兄である結城晴朝のもとに逃走する。
- Shigemichi fled to his wife's brother Harutomo YUKI.
- 複数の車線をもつ主要な大通は東西を先にする。
- The name of the east-west street comes first if the street is a large, multiple-lane road.
- 阪神高速8号京都線(新十条通)の一部である。
- This is a part of Hanshin Expressway 8 Kyoto Line (Shinjujo-dori Street).
- その名の通り、琵琶湖の水上交通の要衝であった。
- As its name suggests, it has been an important point of water transport of Lake Biwa.
- 現在は近鉄奈良駅(大宮通り)の北側一帯を指す。
- Today, the Nara Kitamachi area refers to the overall area of north side of Kintetsu Nara Station (Omiya-dori Street).
- 忠平期を摂関政治の成立期とするのが通説である。
- Tadahira's administration period is usually considered the time during which the regency was established.
- 1904年(明治34年)11月3日に開通した。
- All lines were opened on November 3, 1904.
- 皇族・王公族との通婚(旧皇室典範・皇室親族令)
- The marriage to the member of the Imperial family or other royal families (former Imperial House Act and the Decree for the Imperial family)
- 江戸通景は本拠地を河和田(現水戸市内)に移す。
- Michikage EDO moved his base to Kawawada (today's Mito City).
- 明治末期に京阪電気鉄道が開通し益々栄えてきた。
- The yukaku flourished even more when the Keihan Electric Railway opened in the end of Meiji period.
- 2006年(平成18年)11月8日に開通した。
- Accordingly Sugasaka Bypass was opened on November 8, 2006.
- 道長の子藤原頼通は摂関の地位に約50年間就いた。
- Michinaga's son, FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, was in the positions of regent and chancellor for approximately 50 years.
- 郵便番号は以下の通り(2006年9月19日変更)
- Zip codes are as follows (revised on September 19, 2006)
- 宮津市や与謝郡、福井県大飯郡からの通院者も多い。
- There are many out-patients who come from Miyazu City, Yosa-gun and Oi-gun, Fukui Prefecture.
- 2004年より京都舞鶴港の通称が与えられている。
- The nickname of Kyoto Maizuru Port was given in 2004.
- 丹後海陸交通(丹海バス・本社・京都府・与謝野町)
- TANGO KAIRIKU KOTSU Co., Ltd. (Tankai Bus, headquartered in Yosano-cho, Kyoto Prefecture)
- 重通は府中に拠点を置く大掾氏を激しく攻めたてた。
- Shigemichi fiercely attacked the Daijo clan who had their base in Fuchu.
- ただし、南北通りが主要な通の時は南北を先にする。
- However, the name of the north-south street comes first if the north-south street is the main one.
- 宗全は5月に評定を開き、五辻通大宮東に本陣を置く。
- Sozen held a strategic meeting in May, and placed his headquarters at Omiya higashi, Itsutsuji dori.
- 二つ目の数は品川宿(武蔵国)からの通し番号である。
- The second number is a serial number, starting with Shinagawa-juku Station.
- 南限の九条大路は現在のJR京都駅のやや南の九条通。
- Kujo-oji Avenue as the southern limit is the current Kujo-dori Street located a little south of JR Kyoto station.
- 叡尊自筆書状三月十九日、同廿一日 法花寺宛(二通)
- Two letters written by Eison addressed to Hokke-ji Temple dated March 19 and 21
- 東寺両界曼荼羅(通称真言院曼荼羅または西院曼荼羅)
- Mandala of the Two Realms (commonly called Shingonin Mandala or Saiin Mandala), To-ji Temple
- 近くを通る国道478号で大山崎町とつながっている。
- The National Route 478 running near the part connects the city with Oyamazaki-cho.
- 主な諸藩の処分は次の通りである(括弧内は旧領石高)。
- The punishment for the major domains were as follows (the number in the brackets indicates the former territory's amount in goku):
- 前年に鉄道が開通した長浜駅との間で鉄道連絡船を開始。
- Operation of railway ferry to Nagahama Station, to which railway went into service in the preceding year, was commenced.
- 村内を名阪国道が横断しており、交通の至便な地である。
- Meihan National Route runs across the village, thus the village is quite conveniently located in terms of public transportation.
- 決定は蔵人を通して天皇と摂政または関白に奏聞された。
- The Jin no Sadame made use of Kurodo (Chamberlains) to transmit its decisions to the Emperor and his Sessho (Regent) or Kanpaku (Chief Adviser).
- どの道を通って誰に下達するつもりなのか」と抗弁した。
- By what means, and to whom, then, do you intend to convey your will?'
- 京都市中京区に位置し、鴨川と木屋町通の間にある花街。
- Ponto-cho is a hanamachi, located between Kamo-gawa River and Kiyamachi-dori Street in Nakagyo Ward.
- その功により公頼の三男の橘敏通は蒲池の領主となった。
- TACHIBANA no Toshimichi, who was the third son of Kimiyori, became the feudal lord of Kamachi in recognition of Kimiyori's services.
- 琵琶湖に接する自治体は以下の通り(北から時計回り)。
- The following are the municipalities on the shore of Lake Biwa (clockwise from the north):
- 京都駅からは、JRからの直通特急を利用して約2時間。
- About 2 hours from Kyoto Station via JR non-stop express
- また福知山市は、交通の要衝としての一面を持っている。
- Fukuchiyama City also has all the character of a transportation hub.
- しかし推定地は通常複数唱えられ、みな決め手を欠いた。
- Not a few places were always put forward as a candidate of the location of Kokufu, however each place lacked decisive proof.
- 1892年(明治25) 奈良~大阪・湊町間に鉄道開通。
- 1892: The railway opened between Nara and Minatomachi, Osaka.
- 池田屋事件に参戦した新選組隊士は以下の通り(諸説有り)
- The following Shinsen-gumi soldiers fought in the Ikedaya Incident. (There are also other views.)
- 蟻通勘吾……1869年5月11日、箱館戦争の際、戦死。
- Kango ARIDOSHI: Died May 11, 1869 fighting in the Hakodate War
- なお、名阪近鉄バスの登山バスはこれまで通り運転される。
- But, Meihan Kintetsu Bus continues to provide mountain bus service.
- 戦後は交通アクセスの良さで関西の奥座敷として発展した。
- Ogoto developed as a area where one can enjoy adult entertainment of Kansai region due to its good traffic accessibility, after the war.
- 1869年(明治2年) 大津〜海津間に汽船航路が開通。
- 1869: A steamer line was opened between Otsu and Kaizu.
- 熊野交通バス「玉置口」行きに乗換えて30分、終点下車。
- Transfer to KUMANO KOTSU line bus, `Tamakiguchi'-bound, and get off the bus at the last bus stop after a 30 minutes ride.
- 通信使一行の行列見物は庶民にとって大きな娯楽であった。
- It was a big pastime for the general public to view the procession of Tsushinshi.
- しかし、毛人や蝦夷にはえみしやえびすと通じる音がない。
- However, no Chinese character used in '毛人' or '蝦夷' has a sound related to 'Emishi' or 'Ebisu.'
- 平等院鳳凰堂:天喜元年(1053年)に藤原頼通が建立。
- Hoo-do Hall (the Phoenix Pavilion) of Byodo-in Temple: Constructed by FUJIWARA no Yorimichi in 1053.
- 通り東側の店は鴨川に面し、納涼床を設ける飲食店が多い。
- Shops on the east of the street face the Kamo-gawa River, and many restaurants among them lay out the Noryo Yuka (wooden platform over the dry riverbed for enjoying cool breezes).
- 京阪京都交通〔*(2008年3月頃から順次導入予定)〕
- Keihan Kyoto Kotsu[2] (scheduled to be introduced in stages after around March 2008)
- 柘榴バイパス・山田川バイパス(いずれも1970年開通)
- It has two bypasses: the Zakuro Bypass and the Yamadagawa Bypass (both opened in 1970).
- 交差点は交差する2つの通りの名前で呼ばれることが多い。
- An intersection is often named by combining the two crossing streets.
- ↑北烏丸通(国道367号)烏丸北大路・大原 (京都市)
- To the north: Karasuma-dori Street (National Route 367) leads to Karasuma-Kitaoji and Ohara (Kyoto City).
- 名称は、京都の室町通に幕府が置かれていたことに由来する。
- The name 'Muromachi' was taken from Muromachi-dori (street) in Kyoto, which is where the bakufu was based.
- しかしこの場合でも翌年には通常通り「梅雨入り」を迎える。
- Even in such case, 'tsuyuiri' occurs as usual in the next year.
- その後は、都心回帰の傾向から通勤圏の拡大は弱まっている。
- Afterward, the expansion of the commutable area weakened due to the tendency of people to return to the city centers.
- 熊野交通バス「玉置川口」行きに乗換えて30分、終点下車。
- Transfer to KUMANO KOTSU line bus, `Tamaki Kawaguchi-bound' and get off the bus at the last bus stop, `Tamaki Kawaguchi' after a 30 minutes ride.
- 秀吉死我軍尽撤、朝鮮畏倭滋甚, 欲與倭通款、又惧開罪中国
- 秀吉死我軍尽撤,朝鮮畏倭滋甚, 欲與倭通款,又惧開罪中国 (Refer to the following translation).
- 織田信長が将軍足利義昭を追放した1573年が通説である。
- According to the prevailing view, it was 1573 in which Nobunaga ODA ousted the then present shogun, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA.
- これは日本史と西欧史の共通点を強調する方向へ進でいった。
- Activities in this line progressed towards emphasizing points common to Japanese history and European history.
- また畑に用いられる土地は368haで、主に普通畑である。
- Other fields used for farming total 368 ha, and are used for general farming.
- 西日本旅客鉄道湖西線安曇川駅から江若交通バスで約30分。
- Thirty-minute bus (Kojak bus) ride from Adogawa Station on the Kosai Line (West Japan Railway Company)
- と理由を挙げて、普通に「あさい」と読むべきだとしている。
- And based on the above mentioned reasons, he insists that it should be read 'Asai' as normally.
- 1903年(明治36年)に渋谷街道のトンネルとして開通。
- The tunnel was opened as a part of Shibutani-kaido Road in 1903.
- 水運が主体であった時代には湖上交通の要衝として栄えていた。
- Katata was prosperous as an important point for traffic on Lake Biwa when water transportation was the main means of transportation.
- また、交通や経済のみならず、宗教的にも重要な場所であった。
- The place was important from transportation, economics and even religious point of view.
- こうした要求活動を通じて惣村の自治権が強化されていく。
- The autonomy of the soson was increased through such demanding actions.
- 人の名前に使われる漢字の通常の音読み・訓読み以外の読み方。
- Kanji character readings used in Japanese people's names which differ from the standard on-yomi (Sino-Japanese reading) and kun-yomi (native Japanese reading).
- しかし天然の要塞となっていた鎌倉の切通しの守りは固かった。
- The natural fortress of the kiridoshi in Kamakura offered strong defenses.
- 卑弥呼は魏 (三国)との通交により倭国連合の安定を図った。
- Himiko established relationships with the Wei Dynasty (during the three States Period of China) to stabilize the union of Wa nations.
- 吉田のしだれ桜 - 中院通勝卿配流遺跡、瑠璃寺 (舞鶴市)
- Yoshida-no-shidarezakura (weeping cherry of Yoshida) - located in the ruins of the location of the exiled Lord Michikatsu NAKANOIN, Ruri-ji Temple (Maizuru City).
- バス:阪急バス、ヤサカバス、一部京都市交通局のバス停もある
- Buses: Hankyu Bus and Yasaka Bus in addition to bus stops of the Kyoto City Transportation Bureau
- 1964年(昭和39年)9月28日 - 琵琶湖大橋が開通。
- September 28, 1964: The Biwako Ohashi Bridge opened.
- 北限の一条大路は現在の今出川通と丸太町通の中間にある一条通。
- Ichijo-oji Avenue as the northern limit of the city is the current Ichijo-dori Street between Imadegawa-dori Street and Marutamachi-dori Street.
- 紀元前後には100前後の「国」が中国と通交していたとされる。
- Apparently, around the beginning of the first century, around a hundred nations had relationships with China.
- 内府: 明治から昭和の初めにかけてあった「内大臣府」の通称。
- Nai-fu: Vernacular term for 'Udaijin-fu' which existed from Meiji to early Showa.
- 当初は近郷に割拠する松平氏との関係が深く頻繁に通婚していた。
- During this time, the Mizuno clan had a close relationship with the Matsudaira clan; both clans had adjacent lands and were local authorities in their neighbourhood thus, marriage between them was common.
- その実態は、交易を通じての経済的権益であると推定されている。
- And it is supposed that the clan's reality was the entity of economic interests nurtured by trading.
- 公家のうち東久世家は東久世通禧の功が考慮され、伯爵とされた。
- Among kuge, the Higashikuze family was ranked as Hakushaku for the contributions of Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE.
- 中長距離バス (交通機関)路線は殆どが京都駅前始終着である。
- Most of the medium- to long-distance bus (transportation) routes start and end in front of Kyoto Station.
- 大社6社は以下の通りで、竹野神社以外は名神大社に列している。
- The six grand shrines are listed below, and five of them (excluding Takeno-jinja Shrine) belong to Myojin-taisha Shrine:
- 出口を通過後に分岐器(両渡り線)があり、大津京駅に到達する。
- After passing the exit, there is a crossover turnout, then the tracks reach the Otsukyo Station.
- 特に足利義政の東山山荘(現慈照寺、通称銀閣寺)は有名である。
- The Higashiyama mountain villa of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA is especially famous (present Jisho-ji Temple, aka. Ginkaku-ji Temple).
- 1974年7月20日には日本国有鉄道(当時)湖西線が開通した。
- The Kosei Line of Japan National Railways (at that time) was opened up on July 20, 1974.
- 韓国の歴史教育においては、朝鮮通信使を以下のように教えている。
- In the history education of Korea, Chosen Tsushinshi is taught in the following way:
- 更に性真法親王もこの事態に驚いて弟子入りの拒絶を通告してきた。
- Furthermore, surprised by this development, Cloistered Imperial Prince Shoshin himself refused to become an apprentice priest.
- その結果、アジアで最初の普通選挙が実施され政党政治が成立した。
- As a result of this movement, popular election was conducted and party politics were established.
- 山内には大津から京都大原方面へ抜ける東海自然歩道が通っている。
- The Tokaido Nature Trail passes through the mountain on the way from Otsu to Kyoto/Ohara.
- 2008年2月末に貫通し、その後は舗装工事などが行われている。
- This tunnel passed completely through to the other side as of the end of February 2008, and afterwards, operations including the pavement work have been on going.
- また東山トンネル開通前の東海道本線はこのルートを迂回していた。
- Before Higashiyama Tunnel opened, Tokaido Main Line ran this route.
- 旧東海道(現三条通)であり、地下を京都市営地下鉄東西線が通る。
- This is old Tokaido Road (present Sanjo-dori Street), under which Kyoto City Subway Tozai Line runs.
- 日本では諸外国が通商を求める出来事や、摩擦・紛争が起こり始めた。
- In Japan, meanwhile, ships from various countries were arriving at its ports seeking to establish trade relations, as a result of which friction and disputes started to occur.
- 普通の旅館・ホテルが10軒ほどが国道161号線の左右に林立する。
- About 10 inns and hotels are located on both side of the Route 161.
- 奈良県生駒市の近鉄奈良線生駒駅から、近鉄生駒鋼索線が通じている。
- The mountain can be accessed by the Kintetsu Ikoma Kosaku Line starting from Ikoma Station of the Kintetsu Nara Line, in Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture.
- バス:近畿日本鉄道近鉄吉野線下市口駅から奈良交通バスで約1時間。
- By bus: It takes about one hour by Nara Kotsu Bus from Kinki Nippon Railway Company Kintetsu Yoshino line Shimoichiguchi station.
- 室町時代の朝鮮通信使には日本の国情視察目的も密かに含まれていた。
- Chosen Tsushinshi was provided with the mission of secretly surveying situations in Japan as well.
- 通説においては、承和の変は藤原氏による他氏排斥事件の初めである。
- It is a common view that the Jowa Incident was the first incident to expulse other clans from the Imperial Court plotted by the Fujiwara clan.
- 代表的なものに『武徳大成記』『本朝通鑑』『大日本史』などがある。
- 'Butoku taiseiki,' 'Honchotsugan' and 'Dainihonshi' (great history of Japan) are typically such books.
- 現在もそれらを踏襲する国道161号・国道367号や湖西線が通る。
- Route 161, Route 367 and Kosei Line, which have adhered to the roads mentioned above, go through the area.
- しかし20世紀に入ると、鉄道の開通によりこれらの水運は衰退した。
- In the 20th century, however, water transport via these waterways declined due to the opening of the railroad.
- また、JR亀岡駅から京阪京都交通のバス (交通機関)で約20分。
- Bus: about a twenty-minute ride from JR Kameoka Station by Keihan Kyoto Kotsu bus (public transport)
- その後長治は土佐国の長宗我部元親に通じた家臣によって殺害される。
- Later Nagaharu was killed by his vassal acquainted with Motochika CHOSOKABE in Tosa Province.
- 橘公頼、橘敏通の子孫である筑後橘氏の娘婿となり蒲池氏の祖となる。
- He joined the Chikugo-Tachibana clan, which was the descendent of TACHIBANA no Kimiyori and TACHIBANA no Toshimichi by marrying a daughter, and became the ancestor of the Kamachi clan.
- 1974年(昭和49年)9月26日 - 近江大橋有料道路が開通。
- September 26, 1974: The Omi Ohashi Tollway opened.
- 1880年(明治13年) 逢坂山トンネル開通、京都と鉄道が繋がる。
- 1880: Osakayama Tunnel was opened, which made the railroad connected with Kyoto.
- 集落最奥の民家の脇から林道を通り、高野龍神スカイラインに合流する。
- From the side of the house which is located at the end of the village, a forestry road extends again and it meets the Koya Ryujin Skyline.
- 各奈良駅奈良交通バス奈良阪・青山住宅行「今小路」・「手貝町」下車。
- Take Nara Kotsu Bus bound for Narazaka or Aoyama Jutaku from Kakunara Station, and get off at 'Imakoji' or 'Tegai-cho.'
- 「共同通信の松方三郎が友人でね。私の部屋がみんなのたまり場だった」
- Saburo MATSUKATA of Kyodo News Service was my friend. Many friends used to gather in my room.
- このように、惣村は支配者側との交渉を通じて各種権利を獲得していく。
- Thus, the soson acquired various rights through negotiation with their rulers.
- 日本は通信使の一行をとおして先進学問と技術を学ぼうと懸命であった。
- Japan was keen to learn advanced science and technology through the Tsushinshi envoy.
- 以降、問注所執事は鎌倉・室町期を通じて三善氏が世襲することとなる。
- From then on, the members of the Miyoshi clan served as the head of the Monchujo for generations during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.
- 現在、日本の各所に通信使来日の際に筆写された行列絵巻が残っている。
- Today, pictures depicting a procession of Tsushinshi remain in various places of Japan.
- 上記の通り戦国時代は室町時代・安土桃山時代と重なる年代区分である。
- As described above, the Sengoku Period is a chronological period that overlaps with the Muromachi and Azuchi-Momoyama Periods.
- 通常、政庁は最高司令官である征夷大将軍の居館・居城に置かれていた。
- Usually, the government office was located in the residence of the seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') who was the supreme commander.
- 鴨川西出入口 - 鴨川東出入口 (事業中、2011年3月開通予定)
- Kamogawa Nishi Half-interchange - Kamogawa Higashi Half-interchange (under construction; scheduled to be opened in March 2011)
- 2005年(平成17年):航路再編が行われ、舞鶴~上海間が直通に。
- 2005: The direct service between Maizuru and Shanghai started with the restructuring of the service route.
- 1890年(明治23年) - 京都市へ水を供給する琵琶湖疏水開通。
- 1890: The Lake Biwa Canal to supply water to Kyoto City opened.
- 国道372号線篠山市への峠は天引峠(あまびきとうげ)トンネル開通。
- The Amabiki-toge Mountain Pass tunnel was created on National Route 372 toward Sasayama City.
- その間は畑になっていたといわれ、室町通でかろうじてつながっていた。
- It is said that fields were located between Kamigyo and Shimogyo, and the two parts were connected only by Muromachi-dori Street.
- 徳川家康の十一男徳川頼房を家祖とし、江戸時代を通じて水戸藩を治めた。
- The Mito Tokugawa family was founded by Yorifusa TOKUGAWA, the 11th son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and governed Mito Domain throughout the Edo period.
- 現在の千本通が当時の朱雀大路にあたり、真北には舩岡山が位置していた。
- Present-day Senbon-dori Street corresponds to the original Suzaku-dori Street, immediately north of which stood Mt. Funaoka.
- 平氏政権が朝廷に入り込み、朝廷を通じて支配を試みたのとは対照的である。
- By contrast, the Taira clan had invested much of its political power in the Imperial Court, and had sought to rule through the court.
- 水ヶ峯 ― 大股集落(野迫川村) ― 林道タイノ原線(1997年開通)
- Mizugamine - Omata Village (Nosegawa Village) - Forestry Road Tainohara Route (opened in 1997)
- 台湾では、大気中の濃度が通常時よりも35%増加するとの結果が出ている。
- In Taiwan, it is reported that the density of such components in the air increased by 35 percent compared with that in the ordinary air condition.
- 15日、基房・師家が解官され、基通が関白・内大臣・氏長者に任命された。
- Motofusa and Moroie were dismissed from their posts on 22nd (15th in old lunar calendar), and Moromichi was appointed to be the Kanpaku, Naidaijin, and Uji no choja (the head of the clan).
- その後も素行は修まらず、仲間の公卿を誘って女官と不義密通を重ねていた。
- He never improved in conduct, and invited noble colleagues to repeated adultery with court ladies.
- 京都・大阪・神戸・東京品川BTから直通バスあり(京都便以外は予約必要)
- Direct bus routes to Maizuru: from Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, Tokyo Shinagawa Bus Terminals (reservations are required except on the Kyoto route).
- 隣接の河原林、千歳などの各町で種を蒔いても普通の丹波大納言小豆になる。
- Seeds of Umaji-Dainagon azuki bean sowed in the nearby towns of Kawarabayashi and Chitose, grow to be ordinary Tanba-Dainagon azuki bean.
- また、太夫の通称は「こったい」であって「おいらん」ではない点にも注意。
- Also note that the tayu are commonly called 'Kottai,' but not 'Oiran.'
- 電車通学生が多いことから、アパート仲介など学生相手の商業も盛んである。
- Many retail estate agencies that act as intermediates between students and apartment landlords have succeeded due to the large number of students who commute to universities along the railways.
- 祐豊は誠通を討って弟の山名豊定を因幡国守護とし、山名氏の統一を果たす。
- Suketoyo defeated Nobumichi and assigned the position of the Inaba Shugo to his younger brother, Toyosada, which led to the unification of the Yamana clan.
- 市の西部を国道24号が南北に通り、東西には京滋バイパスが通過している。
- The National Highway 24 runs north-south in the west of the city, while the Keiji Bypass runs east-west.
- 京奈和自動車道(国道24号有料道路。1991年開通)(自動車専用道路)
- Keinawa Expressway (a toll road along the National Route 24, opened in 1991, and an expressway)
- 現在の京阪中書島駅を中心とした地域であり、南北に竹田街道が通っている。
- It was an area centered in present-day Keihan Chushojima Station, and the Takeda-kaido Road passes through north to south.
- 兼通によって長年不遇であった兼家は一条天皇の外祖父として摂政に就任した。
- Kaneie, who had lived in obscurity due to Kanemichi for a long time, took the post of regent as the maternal grandfather of Emperor Ichijo.
- しかしながら、朝鮮侵攻の噂の真偽を確かめるために派遣された通信使である。
- However, the actual mission was to check whether the rumor of his intruding Korea was true or not.
- 呼称の当否は別とし、この変更は朝鮮通信使の来日直前に一方的に通告された。
- Being apart from whether the usage of the term is appropriate or not, this change was informed unilaterally to the Korean side immediately before Chosen Tsushinshi departed for Japan.
- 国立大学協会会長・岡本道雄京大総長とともに共通一次試験導入に取り組んだ。
- He strived to introduce the preliminary standard university entrance examination along with Michio OKAMOTO, the president of Kyoto University as well as the president of the Japan Association of National Universities.
- 朝鮮王朝にとってこうした通交は多大な負担であり、次第に制限を加えていく。
- Since maintaining such amicable relations was a heavy burden for the Korean Dynasty, they gradually increased restrictions.
- 宗氏はこの点に着目し、日本国王使の偽使を仕立て上げ通交を行うことになる。
- The So clan focused on this and they tried to prepare gishi who pretended to be royal envoys in order to maintain relations to Korea.
- 君手摩(きみてずり)は、通説では海と太陽を司る琉球王国の守護神とされる。
- Kimitezuri is commonly regarded as a guardian god of the Ryukyu Kingdom that rules the sea and the sun.
- これは院の権威のみを頼みとする通常の院近臣とは、決定的に異なる点だった。
- This characteristic differentiated him from the ordinary In no Kinshin, who relied upon the authority of the In.
- また、花賞翫の風習から花合、花競べなど、後世華道に通ずるものも行われた。
- Events that reminded one of later flower arrangement such as hanaawase (a flower card game or waka poetry contest about a flower), and hanakurabe (waka poetry contest about a flower) from the custom of hana shogan (flower appreciation) were performed.
- 上記のとおり福知山市には福知山駐屯地が存在し、第7普通科連隊が駐屯する。
- As mentioned above, Camp Fukuchiyama is located in Fukuchiyama City, where the seventh Infantry Regiment is stationed.
- そのままで食べるのは大きすぎるので、普通は包丁などで小さく切って食べる。
- The manju is too big to eat as it is, and is generally cut into smaller pieces with a knife.
- 京都市西京区へは物集女街道を北上、または山陰街道西行するのが通例である。
- People usually take the Mozume Kaido Road up north or the Sanin Kaido Road west to Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City.
- 実線は実子 点線は養子 家名の変化は左記の通り(木下氏→羽柴家→豊臣家)
- Solid line and dotted line show the biological children and the adopted children, respectively, and the change of the family name is as shown in the left (from the Kinoshita clan to the Hashiba family and then the Toyotomi family.)
- 徳川家康の十男徳川頼宣を家祖とし、江戸時代を通じて紀州藩の藩主であった。
- The Kishu Tokugawa family was founded by Yorinobu TOKUGAWA, the tenth son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and its family heads governed Kishu Domain throughout the Edo period.
- 同時に、海上交通を通じて日本全国に散らばり、各地に渡辺氏の支族を残した。
- Furthermore, they were scattered all over Japan through the maritime traffic, producing the clan's branch families in various places.
- 縄文時代や弥生時代から交通路としても利用され、丸木舟なども出土している。
- The lake had been used for water transport since the Jomon and Yayoi periods, and items such as dugouts have been found.
- 洛北(らくほく)、北山(きたやま) - 北区上賀茂から北大路通あたりまで
- Rakuhoku, Kitayama: from Kamigamo, Kita Ward to around Kitaoji-dori Street
- 五条バイパス(国道1号)東山トンネル開通により歩行者用トンネルとなった。
- It was pedestrianized when the Higashiyama Tunnel of Gojo Bypass (National Route 1) opened.
- 現在は普通の住宅地であり、僅かながら花街、遊廓時代の建物が残されている。
- In the present-day, it is a normal residential area and although small in number, buildings from the days of Hanamachi and Yukaku are being kept.
- 神武天皇は神武東征に際し、熊野から吉野を通って大和に入ったと言われている。
- When making an eastern expedition, Emperor Jinmu is said to have left Kumano and entered Yamato Province through Yoshino.
- 1914年(大正3) 大阪電気軌道(現近鉄奈良線)大阪上本町~奈良間開通。
- 1914: Osaka Electric Tramway (present-day Kintetsu Nara Line) began operating between Uehonmachi Station in Osaka and Nara Station.
- 戦乱が続く時代だったが内外の通商は盛んで、農業・工業ともに技術が向上した。
- Despite being a period of continuous warfare and turmoil, both domestic and overseas trade flourished, and significant technological advances were made in both agriculture and industry.
- 市内全域を、丹後海陸交通(丹海バス・本社:京都府与謝野町)が担当している。
- Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd. (Tankai Bus, the central ofice: Yosano-cho, Kyoto Prefecture) was in charge of the entire city.
- 山号は長慶山、本尊は安産の神・産女霊神で、「おんめさま」の通称で知られる。
- The sango is Chokeizan and the principal image commonly known as 'Onmesama' is the god for a smooth delivery and Onme Reijin.
- 付近には、近鉄大阪線・近鉄南大阪線・国道165号(長尾街道)が通っている。
- The Kintetsu Osaka Line, the Kintetsu Minamiosaka Line and the National Route 165 (Nagao-kaido Road) run through its vicinity.
- 近江国では関ケ原合戦で勝利した後に徳川家康が通った道の通行を認許している。
- In the Omi Province, the passage of the route that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA used after he won the Battle of Sekigahara was approved.
- 釜山では、粉塵中の濃度が通常の2.5倍、という2001年の調査結果がある。
- In Busan, an investigation in 2001 showed that the density of such components in dust was 2.5 times that in the ordinary condition.
- また正式の通交使節との公貿易では、大蔵経など朝鮮の書籍も日本に輸出された。
- In the public trade with the formal missions for friendship, a lot of Korean books including Daizo-kyo Sutra (the Tripitaka) were imported into Japan.
- 妻が姦通した際に姦通相手と妻を殺害することを女敵討(めがたきうち)という。
- Megatakiuchi referred to the killing of one's wife in adultery along with the man with whom she had committed the adultery.
- また歌舞伎・浄瑠璃の文芸作品に朝鮮通信使を題材として扱ったものが存在する。
- In literary works, such as Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) and Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a shamisen accompaniment), there exist many numbers including themes of Chosen Tsushinshi.
- 大型地域集団の中には中国王朝と通交するものもあり中国から「国」と称された。
- Some of these large-sized communities established a relationship with the Chinese dynasty, and were called a nation by China.
- 荘園内に数十ないし数百の佃戸が建てられそこに住む者と外部から通う者がいる。
- Dozens of or hundreds of the houses for denko were built in shoens and some lived there and others went there from outside.
- 1991年(平成3年) 舞鶴若狭自動車道が舞鶴西インターチェンジまで開通。
- 1991: Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway was extended to Maizuru-nishi Interchange.
- 1422年(応永29年) 美濃国国司が大山崎商人に不破関の無料通行を許す。
- 1422: The Kokushi (provincial governor) in Mino Province allowed the merchants from Oyamazaki to pass through the Fuwa-no-seki (Fuwa checkpoint) for free.
- のちに水戸藩鈴木家は名字を雑賀と改め、代々の当主は孫市を通称としたという。
- Afterwards, the Suzuki family of Mito Domain changed its myoji (family name) to Saiga, and it is said that the successive heads of the family adopted 'Magoichi' as their common names.
- しかし、戦国時代 (日本)を通して、守護である今川氏とは微妙な関係である。
- However, the relationship between the Ii clan and the Imagawa clan who was the Shugo was a delicate one throughout the Sengoku period in Japan.
- 例:東山三条、東山五条、東山七条、東一条(東大路通と東一条通りの交差点)。
- For example: Higashiyama Sanjo, Higashiyama Gojo, Higashiyama Shichijo, Higashi-Ichijo (the intersection of Higashi-oji-dori Street and Higashi-Ichijo-dori Street)
- ※10%通勤圏に入っていない自治体は、各統計年の欄で灰色かつ「-」で示す。
- Municipalities not included in 'the areas where at least 10% of the suburban population commutes to the central city' are shown in gray with a mark ' - ' in the total column of each year.
- Gray colored column with a mark '-' indicates that the autonomous body is not included in the 10 percent commuting area.
- * The blanks in gray and with the hyphen (-) in them among the columns of statistical years in the chart show local governments that are not included among the suburbs with more than 10% of the population to the central city.
- 峠のすぐ近くにあった集落に高野山へ続く街道が通っていたことが由来とされる。
- The name is considered to derive from the road, leading to Mt. Koya, through the settlement near the pass.
- 大和川付け替え後は必然的に河内国府を通らない大和川を越えないルートとなった。
- After the River Yamato was rerouted, it inevitably became a course which would neither pass through Kawachi Kokufu area nor cross the River Yamato.
- 新立荘園の停止、貨幣流通の促進、物価の公定などの新政策が次々に打ち出された。
- New political measures such as the termination of creating new private estates, promotion of circulation of coinage, public determination of selling prices, etc. were announced.
- 権大納言から後継の関白の地位を得た兼通は、内覧・内大臣を経て関白に就任した。
- Kanemichi, coming from the post of acting major counsellor, became the next chancellor, by being appointed as chancellor after becoming a Private Inspector, then Great Minister of the Center.
- 大阪都心部に直通する鉄道路線を持つ隣の橋本市、大淀町に比べて交通の便が悪い。
- It is less convenient for transportation compared with neighboring Hashimoto City, Oyodo Town which have railroads bound directly for the heart of Osaka.
- 果無集落を通り抜け、集落のすぐ上部で西国三十三箇所第三十番の観音像に出会う。
- The road passes through Hatenashi Village and immediately above the village it reaches the 30th Kannon-zo (a statue of Kannon) of Saigoku Sanjusan-sho.
- 三浦峠からは植林地の中を下り、『清良記』にも登場する古矢倉の跡を通り過ぎる。
- From Miura Pass, the road goes down through a wood lot and passes through the remains of Koyagura (an old watchtower) which was recorded in 'Seiryoki.'
- この辺りの小辺路は尾根道を通り、所々でふもとの集落への枝道を分岐させている。
- In this section, Kohechi goes across the ridge, and at some points it branches and leads to villages at the foot of the mountain.
- 分岐からは山腹を巻きながらふもとへ下る旧道と、尾根近くを通る古道に分かれる。
- From the crossroads, one road (called 'kyudo' literally 'former road') goes down the side of the mountain to the foot, and the other road (called 'kodo' literally 'old road') goes across near the ridge.
- JR紀勢本線 新宮駅 から熊野交通バス「熊野本宮」行きで35分、「志古」下車
- After 35 minutes by KUMANO KOTSU line bus, `Kumano-hongu Shrine-bound' from Shingu Station of the JR Kisei Main Line and get off at the bus stop, `Shiko'
- 分籍するのは何らかの特別な事情がある場合に限り、通常は大所帯の戸籍であった。
- Segregation from family registers was limited to somewhat special occasions, and family registers usually recorded large families.
- そのため、その成分は発生する地域と通過する地域により異なると考えられている。
- Therefore, it is considered that the components depend on the place where the kosa is generated and on the areas where it passes.
- ただし、秋にも約1割の発生があり、年間を通して発生していることも読み取れる。
- However, approx. 10 percent of the yearly sandstorms occurred in autumn as well, showing that sandstorms occurred throughout the year.
- 10月下旬から5月上旬ごろまで、琵琶湖で越冬しながら毎日鴨川まで通って来る。
- From the late October to early May, black-headed gulls fly to the Kamogawa River every day while spending the winter at Lake Biwa.
- 祇園東(ぎおんひがし)は京都市東山区四条通花見小路通上ル東側に位置する花街。
- Gion Higashi is a hanamachi ('flower town,' or geisha district), located on the east side of the north of the intersection of the Shijo-dori Street and the Hanami-koji Street, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.
- ところが、豊臣秀吉は小田原城内の混乱を狙って憲秀内通との戦略的噂を吹聴した。
- However, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI trumpeted a strategic rumor of Norihide's betrayal aiming at disruption inside Odawara-jo Castle.
- 亀岡市から愛宕山への登山道は光秀が通ったことから「明智越え」と呼ばれている。
- A mountain trail from Kameoka City up to the Mt. Atago was the route taken by Mitsuhide, and that is why it has been called 'Akechi-goe.'
- 武家と公家・寺家は支配者としての共通面、相互補完的な側面、対立する面があった。
- The warrior class, the nobility, and the religious orders ruled jointly, each both complementing and competing with the others in different ways.
- 冷泉が譲位しても、引き続き冷泉の子孫が皇統を維持する見通しが立ったからである。
- Because now there was a chance for Reizei's descendants to continue the Imperial line even after Reizei's abdication.
- 兼通に関白就任に必要な大臣の資格を与えるために内大臣が72年ぶりに設置された。
- To award Kanemichi the qualifications as minister to be installed as chancellor, the post of Great Minister of the Center was used for the first time in 72 years.
- その国政改革を立案・推進したのが、後白河の側近である藤原通憲(信西)であった。
- The architect and driving force of these political reforms was Goshirakawa's right-hand man, FUJIWARA no Michinori (generally known as Shinzei).
- このため、古来より交通開発が困難であり、交通路が敷かれうる場所も限られていた。
- For this reason, development of transportation facilities has been difficult since ancient times and areas for construction of traffic routes were limited.
- 前後して野迫川村内にも自動車道が通じると、生活道路としての役目はほぼ失われた。
- At almost the same time, the motor road was extended to Nosegawa Village, then, the role of Kohechi as a community road ended.
- そのため、強い低気圧が通過した前後などは砂嵐が多く発生し、黄砂の量も多くなる。
- Therefore, before and after a strong low pressure passes a kosa generating area, sandstorms are generated frequently, increasing the amount of kosa produced as well.
- 1613年(慶長18年) - 京都二条と伏見の間に高瀬川 (京都府)が開通する
- 1613: The Takase-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) opened between Kyoto Nijo and Fushimi.
- 国道1号線や新堀川通沿いには郊外型の大規模小売店、飲食店や娯楽場が並んでいる。
- The National Route 1 and the Shinhorikawa-dori Street are lined with large suburban retail stores, restaurants, and amusement centers.
- 熊本藩では江戸時代を通じて百姓一揆等が殆ど見られず農民は豊かであったとされる。
- It is believed that those peasants were wealthy in the Kumamoto Domain, and almost no peasants' revolt happened throughout the Edo period.
- 北側の傘松公園へは丹後海陸交通のバス・観光船などで一の宮へ行き徒歩で府中駅へ。
- To get to Kasamatsu Park on the north side, take the Tango Kairiku Kotsu Bus or Tour Boat to Ichinomiya and walk toward Fuchu Station.
- また近鉄新田辺駅には、京都市営地下鉄烏丸線の普通電車が同駅まで乗り入れている。
- Regular trains on the Kyoto Subway Karasuma Line also stop at the Kintetsu Shintanabe Station.
- 山のふもとから山頂まで舗装道である京都府道141号小塩山大原野線が通っている。
- A paved road, Kyoto Prefectural Road 141 Oshio-Oharano Line, runs from the foot to the top of the mountain.
- 嘉智子は中納言藤原良房を通じてこれを仁明に伝え、関係者の逮捕と処罰が開始された。
- Kachiko informed Ninmyo via Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa and the arrest and punishment of associated people began.
- そこで二条通りに直心影流道場を開いている戸田栄之助を通じ、証文の返却を依頼した。
- The Minakuchi domain asked Shinsengumi to return the deed, through Einosuke TODA who had a swordsmanship training hall of Jikishinkage-ryu school in Nijo-dori Street.
- バス:近畿日本鉄道近鉄吉野線下市口駅から奈良交通バスで約1時間「洞川温泉」下車。
- By bus: From Shimoichiguchi Station, Kintetsu Yoshino Line of Kinki Nippon Railway Company, about one hour ride by Nara Kotsu Bus, get off at 'Dorogawa onsen.'
- 1965年に岐阜県関ヶ原町から山頂近くまでの「伊吹山ドライブウェイ」が開通した。
- In 1965, 'Ibukiyama driveway' between Sekigahara cho, Gifu Prefecture and around the top of the mountain was opened.
- 本尊の阿弥陀如来(通称頬焼け阿弥陀)と境内の「塩嘗(しおなめ)地蔵」が知られる。
- Well known are the principal image Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata) (commonly called Hohoyake Amida (Burnt Cheek Amida)) and Shio name jizo (Jizo who licks salt) in the precinct.
- 近くの一条通りは明治の一時期、大仏鉄道の駅から東大寺へ向かう参道としても栄えた。
- Nearby Ichijo-dori Street flourished as sando (an approach to the temple) leading to Todai-ji Temple from the station of Daibutsu Railway (Daibutsu Tetsudo) at one time in the Meiji Period.
- この人事は自らの娘・平寛子を基通に嫁がせ支援していた清盛の面目を潰すものだった。
- This staff reassignment was intended to destroy the reputation of Kiyomori, who made his own daughter, TAIRA no Hiroko, marry Motomichi and supported him.
- 5世紀に入るとヤマト王権は本拠を河内平野へ移し、中国王朝との通交を活発に行った。
- Entering the fifth century, the Yamato sovereignty moved its core site to the Kawachi plain and had active relationships with the Chinese dynasty.
- 中世については、中世通じての社会経済体制であった荘園公領制が時代の指標とされる。
- Concerning the medieval period, it is said that the shoen koryo sei, which existed as the social and economical system throughout the medieval period, provides an index for specifying the period.
- 夷川通に残る、町名を示す古い住所表示看板に「上京区」(区は旧字体)の表記がある。
- The name of the town on the boards in the Ebisugawa-dori Street uses the old address 'Kamigyo Ward' ('Ward' being written in the old form of a Chinese character).
- 遷都については、「続日本紀」には、水陸の交通の便が理由であるとの記述が見えるが、
- The 'Shoku Nihongi' (historical books written in the Heian period) describes the reason for the transfer of the capital as easy access to water and land transportation; however,
- その後、天正3年(1575年)水野信元は信長に武田氏への内通を疑われて切腹する。
- After that, in 1575 Nobumoto was suspected of naitsu (engaging in secret communication) and committed suicide by Seppuku (disembowelment).
- また貴族院令に基づき、華族の待遇変更は貴族院を通過させねばならないこととなった。
- According to the Decree for Kizokuin, it was also decided that a plan to change treatments of kazoku had to be approved by Kizokuin.
- 当初波多野、松田一族は源氏方であり、波多野義通は京都に上って源義朝に仕えていた。
- The Hatano and Matsuda families originally sided with the Minamoto clan, and Yoshimichi HATANO moved to Kyoto and served for MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo.
- 湖上交通による荷物の輸送も行われており、大津や堅田などは港湾都市として発達した。
- Water transport via Lake Biwa was also used to carry goods, and places such as Otsu and Katata developed as key ports.
- 室町時代を通じて鎌倉公方は幕府と対立し、関東管領を務める上杉氏とも対立していった。
- Throughout the Muromachi period, Kamakura-kubo (鎌倉公方) was opposed to bakufu and also became gradually opposed to the Uesugi clan, who held the position of Kanto control.
- ドライプウェイも夏季は午前3時から通行可能で、ご来光を見る人のニーズに応えている。
- In the summer, the highway is available from 3 a.m., meeting the needs of climbers who come to pray to the rising sun.
- また万葉集にも登場し、三浦半島から房総半島へ抜ける古代の東海道が通っていたらしい。
- Kamakura was also described in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), suggesting that the ancient Tokaido ran from the Miura Peninsula and led to the Boso Peninsula.
- JR紀勢本線 新宮駅 から熊野交通バス「熊野本宮」行きで40分、「宮井大橋」下車。
- After 40 minutes by KUMANO KOTSU line bus, `Kumano-hongu Shrine-bound,' from Shingu Station of the JR Kisei Main Line, and get off at the bus stop, `Miyai Ohashi.'
- 江戸時代には釜山広域市に限定され、日本側は対馬府中藩が朝鮮との外交、通商を行った。
- In the Edo period, Wakan was restricted to only Busan Metropolitan City, where the Tsushima-fuchu Domain of Japan conducted diplomacy and commerce with Korean side.
- そのため、通信使の来朝は農民達にとっては臨時に重い負担を強いられるものでもあった。
- Therefore, the visit of Tsushinshi to Japan forced farmers to bear a heavy burden additionally.
- 議定において源通親・隆季は「園城寺は衆徒が退散したので張本人を捕らえるだけで良い。
- At the public meeting, MINAMOTO no Michichika and Takasue argued that 'Since the armed clergy of Onjo-ji temple disbanded of their own accord, simply arresting the ringleaders will be sufficient punishment.
- 福知山の支社は畿北支店と名づけられており、その名の通り北近畿一帯をカバーしている。
- Its branch office in Fukuchiyama is named Kihoku Branch, and as the name suggests, it covers the whole area of Kitakinki.
- 以降、川手城は室町期を通して13代守護土岐頼芸に至るまで、土岐宗家の居城となった。
- Since then, Kawate-jo castle had been the castle of the head family of the Toki clan during the Muromchi period until the era of Yorinori Toki, the 13th Shugo of Mino Province.
- 1586年、南部氏に内通した家臣岩清水義教を攻めたことから南部信直の侵攻を受けた。
- In 1586, Since Akinao attacked Yoshinori IWASHIMIZU, a retainer who communicated secretly with the Nanbu clan, he was attacked by Nobunao NANBU.
- 江戸期を通じて、新田開発などにより実収入を増し、幕末には実高100万石余に及んだ。
- Throughout the Edo Period, the clan grew its income by developing new fields and achieved a crop yield of about one million goku (278,000 cubic meters) at the end of the Edo Period.
- また、1本の通りの一部分だけを違う名前で呼ぶ場合もある(例:大和大路通の縄手通)。
- Moreover, in some cases a section of a street has a different street name, such as Nawate-dori Street of Yamatooji-dori Street.
- 通高は守護佐竹義篤 (九代当主)(佐竹氏第九代当主)の娘を娶り、度々軍功をあげた。
- Michitaka married a daughter of Yoshiatsu SATAKE (the ninth head of the Satake family) who was working as a Shugo (provincial constable), and sometimes established distinguished military records.
- 中心市街地の住所表示は、正式の町名と併記する形でこの通り名を用いて表す場合が多い。
- Often street names, together with the official names of towns, are used for addresses in the downtown area.
- - 待賢学区の「四町目」と滋野学区の「四町目」は、堀川通りを挟んで隣り合っている。
- The '4-chome' of Taiken school district and '4-chome' of Shigeno school district are next to each other with Horikawa-dori Street running in between.
- 平氏軍は予定通り退却し、義朝は決死の覚悟で六波羅に迫るが六条河原であえなく敗退した。
- The Taira army began to withdraw, as planned, and although Yoshitomo prepared himself to die and charged after them towards Rokuhara, his force was soundly defeated at the Rokujo-gawara riverbed and forced to retreat.
- 旧紀州街道に当たる新町通りが街の中心で、現在も往時をしのばせる家屋が多数残っている。
- Shinmachi-dori street corresponding to former Kishu Kaido Road is the center of the city, in which many houses which would remind us of those days remain even in the present.
- 1889年(明治22年) 大津〜長浜間の連絡汽船に代わる鉄道が完成、東海道本線開通。
- 1889: A railroad replacing the ferry boat between Otsu and Nagahama was opened, which made the Tokaido Main Line opened.
- 奈良交通も榛原駅から10月15日~10月29日までの日祝日に臨時バスを運行している。
- Nara Kotsu Bus Lines Co., Ltd. also operates special bus service from Haibara Station, on Sundays and national holidays from October 15 to 29.
- タイノ原林道が通る尾根道には、麓の集落への分岐点であった檜股辻・今西辻・平辻が続く。
- The road of the ridge (present Tainohara Route) leads to the old crossroads to the villages at the foot of the mountain including Hinokimata-tsuji crossroads, Imanishi-tsuji crossroads, and Taira-tsuji crossroads.
- JRきのくに線 新宮駅 から熊野交通バス「熊野本宮」行きで40分、「宮井大橋」下車。
- After 40 minutes by KUMANO KOTSU line bus, `Kumano-hongu Shrine bound' from Shingu Station of the JR Kinokuni line, get off the bus at `Miyai Ohashi.'
- 朝鮮通信使のそもそもの趣旨は室町幕府征夷大将軍からの使者と国書に対する返礼であった。
- Chosen Tsushinshi originally started as a return call for an envoy and message dispatched by Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to Korea.
- その後、中世・近世を通じて、領主が百姓をはじめとする民衆に課する租税として存続した。
- Throughout the medieval period and the early-modern times, the feudal lords imposed the nengu on the populace including the peasants.
- ただし、宗氏による通交権の集中は三浦の乱以前から行われていた可能性も指摘されている。
- However, it is also pointed out that the concentration of the trading rights in the So clan had possibly existed even before the Sanpo War.
- これらの「明」は、それについて「明るい」(ことの次第によく通じた)という意味である。
- Therefore, 'Myo' means being 'bright' about those subjects (that those who studied them were familiar with them).
- そのため、宗氏は様々な手段で通交の拡大を図り、朝鮮王朝と軋轢を引き起こすことになる。
- Consequently, the So clan intended to enhance the trade using various measures, but the clan's intent triggered a conflict with the Korean Dynasty.
- 任命の儀式は、年中恒例の行事で通常、春と秋の年二回行われ、春の除目、秋の除目という。
- The ceremony for appointing was an annual event that was usually performed in the spring and the autumn, which were called haru no jimoku and aki no jimoku.
- 太閤検地の実施を通して荘園公領制・職の体系を消滅させ、これにより中世は終焉を迎えた。
- Through Taiko-kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), he abolished shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates) and related posts, ending the medieval period.
- もともとは鴨川の州で、江戸時代初期に護岸工事で埋立てられ、新河原町通と呼ばれていた。
- The land was originally a sandbar on the Kamo-gawa River, but was reclaimed through the bank protection work in the early Edo period and was called Shinkawaramachi-dori Street.
- Its original land feature was a sandbank in the Kamo-gawa River, but, reclamation work was conducted as part of bank protection work during the early Edo period, and the place came to be called Shin-kawaramachi-dori Street.
- 三条通一筋下ルから四条通まで、鴨川と木屋町通の間を南北に走る、石畳の狭い通りである。
- Ponto-cho is a narrow stone-paved street running between the Kamo-gawa River and Kiyamachi-dori Street from Sanjo-dori Hitosuji Kudaru to Shijo-dori Street.
- 応永31年(1424年)、持頼は上皇の女官と密通したと咎められ、幕府の追討を受けた。
- In 1424, Mochiyori was blamed for having an affair with a court lady who served a retired emperor, and was hunted down by bakufu.
- しかし同年、豊定の子・山名豊国が秀吉を通じて信長に降伏したため、秀吉の家臣となった。
- However that same year, as Toyokuni YAMANA, the son of Toyosada, surrendered Nobunaga, he was appointed the position of Hideyoshi's vassal.
- なお、京都市内でも中心市街地以外の地域では通常どおり町名と番地で住所を表示している。
- However, outside the downtown area of Kyoto City, town names and house numbers without street names are used to indicate addresses, as is the custom.
- 京に到着後、清河が勤王勢力と通じ、浪士組を天皇配下の兵力にしようとする画策が露見する。
- After arriving in Kyoto, KIYOKAWA communicated secretly with imperial loyalist parties, and his scheme to make Roshi-gumi a force under control of the Emperor was discovered.
- 大阪方面へ通勤、通学するため近鉄大阪線を利用する客が多く、朝夕の桜井駅は大変混雑する。
- Since a lot of people commute to Osaka by using Kintetsu Osaka Line, Sakurai Station is very crowded in the mornings and evenings.
- 明治の開国を通じ神戸が国際貿易港として発展し、大阪・京都も都市の近代化が進んでいった。
- After the opening of Japan to the world in the Meiji era, Kobe had been developed as an international trade port and modernization of the cities in Osaka and Kyoto had also advanced.
- 西日本旅客鉄道紀勢本線 新宮駅 から熊野交通バス「熊野本宮」行きで35分、「志古」下車
- After 35 minutes by KUMANO KOTSU line bus, `Kumano-hongu Shrine bound' from Shingu Station of the JP West Kisei Main Line, get off the bus at `Shiko.'
- この新都市予定地近傍には京滋バイパスや第二京阪道路などが通っており交通の要衝ともなる。
- Because Keiji Bypass and the Second Keihan national highway run in the vicinity of the site of this new city, it will become the important point for traffic.
- 小辺路には道標・宿跡などの交通遺跡を除けば、信仰に関係する遺跡を見出すことは出来ない。
- In fact, on Kohechi, any religious relics cannot be found except for traffic relics such as guideposts and remains of lodgings.
- 朝鮮王朝建国当初は入港場に制限はなく、通交者は随意の浦々に入港することが可能であった。
- When the Korean Dynasty was founded, there was no restriction on entrance ports, and foreigners who visited Korea for trade were allowed to enter any port.
- また、四条通と東大路の交差点は「祇園」交差点である(しばしば「祇園石段下」とも言う)。
- Additionally, the intersection of Shijo-dori Street and Higashi-oji-dori Street is called the 'Gion' intersection (it is often referred to as 'Gion Ishidan-shita').
- 山科駅駅前は地下鉄開通とともに再開発されデパート(大丸)が入る再開発ビルが建っている。
- With the opening of the subway, a building housing a department store (Daimaru) was built in front of Yamashina Station for a redevelopment project.
- いわゆる温泉街は無く、町の中を大峯山への参道が通り、両側に2階建の旅館が立ち並んでいる。
- There isn't so-called hot spring town across the town, but there is a sando (an approach to a shrine) leading to Omine mountain range, and two storied Japanese Inns are lined along the both sides of sando.
- 多数の街道や吉野川(紀の川)の水運など交通の便に恵まれ、南大和統治の中心地として栄えた。
- It was blessed with facilities for transportation, including many kaidos (roads) and water transpotation by the Yoshino-gawa River (Kino-kawa River), etc., and prospered as the center of the administration of southern Yamato Province.
- その後、建安18年に州名を古代の九州の通りに改めるとして、雍州・涼州を合併し雍州とした。
- Later, in 213 the names of the provinces were to be renamed as in ancient Jiuzhou, and Yong Zhou and Liang Zhou were merged into Yong Zhou.
- 大股集落から急坂を登り、萱小屋(かやごや)跡と呼ばれる廃屋跡を通り過ぎて、尾根を目指す。
- In this section, from Omata Village the road ascends a steep slope, passes through a ruin of an old house called 'Kaya-goya-ato,' and goes to the ridge.
- この地にあった有名な神社が坐摩神社(社号は「いかすり」と読むが、通常は「ざま」)である。
- The famous shrine located in that location was Ikasuri-jinja Shrine (Its shago [shrine's name] is 'Ikasuri' but it is usually called 'Zama').
- 朝鮮通信使(ちょうせんつうしんし)とは日本へと派遣された李氏朝鮮からの国使の名称である。
- Chosen Tsushinshi is the name of envoys dispatched by Yi Dynasty Korea to Japan.
- また、黄砂の濃度などの情報は、数年前まで国際的なデータの融通が利かない状態が続いていた。
- The data concerned, for example, about kosa densities, had not easily been exchanged internationally until several years ago.
- 福知山線、山陰本線、北近畿タンゴ鉄道ともに特別急行と快速列車、普通列車が運行されている。
- Limited express trains, rapid trains and local trains operate along the Fukuchiyama Line, Sanin Main Line and Kitakinki Tango Railway.
- その他、和楽器、唄、書道、香道、華道、詩歌、御所風の遊びに通じていることも必要とされる。
- Additionally, the tayu have to be familiar with Japanese musical instrument, songs, calligraphy, incense burning, flower arrangement, Japanese poems and Imperial court-style games.
- 2007年(平成19年)12月2日 - 国道178号線養老伊根バイパス(第2工区)開通。
- December 2, 2007: Yoro-Ine bypass (second section) of National Route No. 178 was opened.
- 定住者は居らず、京都府の施設「府民スポーツ広場(通称みどりが丘)」として用いられている。
- The isolated enclave has no fixed domicile residents, and is used as a facility of Kyoto Prefecture, 'Sports Square for residents of a prefecture (commonly called Midorigaoka).'
- 都市雇用圏(10%通勤圏)の中心部には大阪市のほか、東大阪市・門真市・守口市が含まれる。
- The central region of the Urban Employment Area (an area where at least ten percent of the suburban population commutes to the central city) includes the cities of Osaka, Higashi-Osaka, Kadoma and Moriguchi.
- 山頂にはゴルフ場や通信施設(西日本電信電話、テレビ電波中継施設、ラジオ送信施設)がある。
- At the mountaintop are a golf course and communication facilities (for NTT West, TV relay broadcasting, and radio transmission).
- 館の周囲には通常、堀や盛り土による垣がめぐらされていたため、堀之内・土居などと呼ばれた。
- The words 'Horinouchi' and 'Doi' are derived from the fact that the town was usually enclosed with a moat and a fence made of piled up earth.
- 交通量が多いことから、アミューズメント施設やファミリーレストランなどが続々と建設された。
- The traffic was heavy there, which led to the continuous establishment of facilities including amusement facilities and restaurants for family dining.
- - 町地の大部分が京都御苑敷地内となり、現状は丸太町通り沿いのごく狭小な土地を残すのみ。
- Large part of the towns have become the premise of Kyoto Gyoen National Garden, and at present, only a small part of land along the Marutamachi-dori Street remains
- 検非違使の庁例は、使庁の流例ともいわれ、律令の刑法とはちがった性質の慣習法として通用した。
- The cho-rei (law enacted by the kebiishi) of kebiishi was considered the historical custom of the kebiishi agency, and was valid as a common law different in nature from the criminal law of ritsuryo.
- 冷泉流皇統から天皇が即位することはなくなったが、その血統は女系を通じて後年に影響を残した。
- There were no further Emperors made from the Reizei's Imperial line, but the blood line continued through the maternal side of the family and affected the family in later years.
- その国道も京奈和自動車道五條道路(国道24号バイパス)の開通によって交通量が減少している。
- Traffic on the national road has decreased because of the opening of the Keinawa Expressway, Gojo Road (a bypass of the National Road 24).
- 昭和末期から平成期に入る頃になると、通勤圏が遠方ギリギリにまで拡大する傾向が目立っている。
- In the period from the end of the Showa era to the beginning of the Heisei era, the trend of expanding commutable areas to their widest limit became prominent.
- 一般的に利用される登山道は、登山口までの交通の便がよい奈良県御所市から山頂に至る道である。
- The most commonly used pass up the mountain is the route from Gose City, Nara Prefecture to the mountaintop, the starting point of which is conveniently located in terms of public transportation.
- この頃、日宋貿易につながる海上交通ルート・瀬戸内海は、海賊の跋扈が大きな問題となっていた。
- Around this period, the Seto Inland Sea, part of the sea route in trade between Japan and Song, was infested with pirates.
- したがって通信使は外交使節としてだけでなく、朝鮮の先進文化を日本に伝播する役割も果たした。
- Therefore, Tsushinshi played the role of introducing advanced culture in Korea to Japan, in addition to the mission as a diplomatic envoy.
- 2004年(平成16年)12月に喜多工業団地へ誘致成功した日本交通 (大阪)が挙げられる。
- This is in addition to Nihon Kotsu Co., Ltd (Osaka) which was invited to the Kita Industrial Park in December 2004.
- 先斗町(ぽんとちょう)は京都市中京区に位置し、鴨川 (淀川水系)と木屋町通の間にある花街。
- Ponto-cho, located in Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a hanamachi ('flower town,' or geisha district) that lies between the Kamo-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system) and Kiyamachi-dori Street.
- 憲法は貴族院でも審議されたが、華族制度については衆議院で可決された原案通りに通過している。
- The House of Peers deliberated on the drafts of the Constitution of Japan as well, and as for the kazoku system, they approved the original plan which the House of Representatives had already approved and did not make any modifications to it.
- 中世には足利氏の一族である一色氏が入封、一時期を除いて室町時代を通じて丹後一国を支配した。
- In the middle ages, the Isshiki clan (a branch of the Ashikaga clan) entered the territory, after which they governed the entire Tango Province throughout almost all of the Muromachi period.
- かつては京阪京津線が三条通の路上(峠の部分は三条通に接した南側の専用軌道上)を走っていた。
- In the past, Keihan Keishin Line ran on Sanjo-dori Street (for the part of mountain pass, a special track on the southern side adjacent to Sanjo-dori Street was used).
- また後藤基清、佐々木経高、河野通信、大江親広ら御家人を含む京方の武士が多数粛清、追放された。
- Furthermore, a great many samurai and gokenin of the capital faction, including Motokiyo GOTO, Tsunetaka SASAKI, Michinobu KONO, and Chikahiro OE, were purged from rank and position and exiled.
- 榎本は箱館の五稜郭などの拠点を占領し、地域政権を打ち立てた(榎本政権(通称、蝦夷共和国))。
- Enomoto occupied bases such as; Goryokaku in Hakodate and established a regional government (the Enomoto Government, or commonly known as the Ezo republic).
- 大阪と奈良を結ぶ街道の一つであり、斑鳩町の竜田(龍田神社付近)を通る「竜田道」の一つである。
- It is one of the highways connecting Osaka and Nara and is one of the 'Tatsuta-michi's' (Tastsuta road) which run through Tatsuta of Ikaruga-cho (near Tatsuta-jinja shrine).
- だが、南朝の後胤を擁する後南朝勢力は室町時代を通じて出現し、反幕府勢力とも関係して活動する。
- However, Gonancho forces that supported descendants of the Southern Court appeared throughout the Muromachi period and associated with anti-bakufu forces.
- 堀は、八幡城の防衛と湖上交通による物流の役割を兼ね備え、城下町の発展・繁栄に大きく寄与した。
- The canal served both as defense for Hachiman Castle and also as a route for transportation in Lake Biwa, contributing hugely to the growth and prosperity of the town.
- 我らは吊ってある蚊帳の陰に入り、この者が出てきて通り過ぎようとしたときに後ろから切りました。
- We hid behind the hanging mosquito nets and slashed the person, coming out of the backroom, from behind when he passed by us.
- 日本軍はアメリカ軍の物量と通商破壊戦に圧倒され、原子爆弾を投下されて第二次世界大戦に敗れた。
- Japanese troops were overwhelmed by the strength of US's material superiority and trade-disrupting strategy, and with atomic bombs dropped, Japan was defeated in Word War II.
- 各国に置かれた守護も半済等の経済的特権の公認や守護請の拡大などを通じて、国内支配力を強めた。
- The Shugo (provincial constable) placed in each province strengthened control of the province by obtaining economic privileges, such as hanzei (the system in the Muromachi period where the Muromachi bakufu allowed military governors, or Shugo, to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military fund) and through expanding Shugouke (the contract system that a manor's owner entrusted a provincial constable to manage his manor and pay the customs).
- また、本所の政治力を背景として関所における通行税や市場における営業税の免除の特権を獲得した。
- Additionally, a za received the privilege of exemptions from tolls at sekisho (checking stations) and business taxes in marketplaces backed up with the political power of their honjo.
- 主要交通機関はJR奈良線、近鉄京都線及び国道24号(大久保バイパス・京奈和自動車道)である。
- The main means of transportation is the JR Nara Line, the Kintetsu Kyoto Line, and the National Route 24 (the Okubo Bypass and the Keinawa Expressway).
- また 1998年(平成10年)3月8日には京都縦貫自動車道の舞鶴大江インターチェンジが開通。
- Additionally, on March 8, 1998, the Maizuru Oe Interchange of the Kyoto Longitudinal Expressway was completed.
- 大橋立と小橋立は可動橋で結ばれ(右写真手前の陸と砂嘴の間)、その下を遊覧船など小型船が通る。
- Daitenkyo and Shotenkyo are connected by a drawbridge (in the picture on the right, between the land in the foreground and the sand spit), below which tour boats and other small boats pass.
- 国道1号(五条通)、東海道本線、東海道新幹線はいずれも東山区南部からトンネルで東山を抜ける。
- National Route 1 (Gojo-dori Street), Tokaido Main Line, and Tokaido Shinkansen all go through Higashiyama via tunnels from southern part of Higashiyama Ward.
- 現在は年間を通して新旧の行事で賑い、国際観光文化都市として国内外から多数の観光客が訪れている。
- Today, the city is vibrant throughout the year with old and new events, and attracts many tourists from Japan and abroad as an international tourist and cultural city.
- なお、この登山道は滋賀県道268号伊吹山上野線に指定されているが自動車通行は当然不可能である。
- This climbing trail is designated as Shiga prefectural road 268, Ibukiyama Ueno route, but automotive traffic is of course impossible.
- 「1 - 2キロほどしか見通しもきかず、呼吸ですら困難なほどであった」と地元新聞は伝えている。
- A local newspaper reported that 'the visibility was only 1 to 2 km and it was difficult even to breathe.'
- 民衆に仏教信仰が拡がったのもこの時期であり、空也や融通念仏の良忍などの僧が民衆の中で活躍した。
- It was during this time that Buddhism was widely accepted among ordinary people and Kuya as well as Ryonin of Yuzu nenbutsu (reciting the name of Amida Buddha) was active among them.
- 湿度の高い気候に適応するため、袖口が広くなるなど風通しの良いゆったりとしたシルエットになった。
- Clothes became such that breathed well with opened-cuffs and loose-fitting to fit to a highly-humid climate.
- 鈴木氏は熊野神社の勧進や熊野を基地とする太平洋側の海上交通に乗って全国的に神官として分散した。
- The members of the Suzuki clan extended all over Japan as Shinto priests, through the kanjin (solicitation campaigns) of Kumano-jinja Shrine, and using the maritime traffic on the Pacific Ocean side with Kumano as its base,
- 山城国綴喜・近江国・加太峠・伊賀国の山中を通って伊勢国へ抜け、伊勢湾を渡って本国三河国に戻った。
- He passed through Tsuzuki in Yamashiro Province, Kabuto Pass in Omi Province and mountains in Iga Province to Ise Province and went across Ise-wan Bay and returned to his territory, Mikawa Province.
- 柏原市内で、「亀の瀬」とよばれる地域を通るが、本街道としては現在に至るまで、難所として知られた。
- The highway passes through a place called 'Kamenose' in Kashiwara City, which has been known till today as a rough spot.
- 源義仲の勢力を討つために、寿永2年(1183年)4月、平氏は平維盛、平通盛率いる大軍を派遣する。
- To attack the forces of MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, the Taira clan sent a large force led by TAIRA no Koremori and TAIRA no Michinori in April 1183.
- 標準貨幣は永楽通宝であったが、室町幕府は貨幣を鋳造せずに日明貿易で明銭を輸入して流通させていた。
- The standard currency in use during the period was the Eiraku tsuho (Chinese Ming-dynasty copper coins); the Muromachi bakufu never minted its own coins, instead importing these Ming copper coins by means of Japan's trade with Ming China and then having them circulate.
- 農業生産力の向上や手工業の独立は市場を成立させ、都市や交通の要地とされる場所では市場が発達した。
- Increased agricultural production and the growing independence of artisans caused markets to spring up and expand in places ideally situated for commerce between or within cities.
- 7桁化に際して普通郵便局が四日市西郵便局から奈良中央郵便局へ移管され奈良県側の630~となった。
- Before zip code was changed to be a 7-digit number, its common post office was transferred from Yokkaichi-Nishi Post Office to Nara Central Post Office, and its zip code turned out to be the number that begins with 630, which indicates it belongs to Nara Prefecture.
- 一方京阪から遠い北部(彦根市・米原市・長浜市など)は京阪だけでなく北陸とも文化的に共通点を持つ。
- On the other hand, the northern part (including Hikone, Maibara and Nagahama Cities), which is distant from Kyoto or Osaka, has a lot in common culturally not only with Kyoto and Osaka but also with the Hokuriku region.
- なお、上記の基幹大路の名と現在通称されている道路名とには紛らわしいものがあるので、注意を要する。
- Also it should be kept in mind that some names of the arterial streets mentioned above are mixed with other commonly known street names.
- 通信使は柳川事件の翌年に、それまで柳川家主導で応対されていたものが対馬宗氏の手によって招かれた。
- In the year next to the year when the Yanagawa Incident occurred, the So clan in Tsushima invited Tsushinshi, instead of the Yanagawa family that had mainly handled such events until then.
- 中国・韓国・日本などの工業地帯を通過した黄砂は硫黄酸化物や窒素酸化物を吸着すると考えられている。
- It is considered that sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide adhere to the kosa passing over industrial zones in China, Korea or Japan.
- これに対し朝鮮では通信使を派遣したが、その一行はおよそ400余人になり、国賓として待遇を受けた。
- For this, Korea sent Tsushinshi consisting of approx. 400 persons, and they were treated as national guests.
- 兼実は、隆季・通親の申状を「権門(清盛)の素意を察し、朝家の巨害を知らず」と激しく非難している。
- Kanezane launched a furious criticism of Takasue and Michichika's official report to the emperor, saying 'you try to divine Kiyomori's will, but care nothing if it causes great harm to the imperial family.'
- ただし、これは地上での観測をもとにした統計であり、上空を通過する薄い黄砂は夏にも観測されている。
- However, these statistical data is based on observations on the ground level, and it is observed that thin kosa is passed above Japan even in summer.
- また彼らは受領として地方に赴任した際には、在地の有力者たちとの関係を更に深めるのが通例であった。
- Also, it was military aristocrats' custom that when they were transferred to local areas as zuryo they reinforced their relationship with locally powerful individuals.
- それまで福知山市内を走る鉄道は、南北に分断するように走っており市内の交通を阻害するものであった。
- The railroad running through Fukuchiyama City severed the north and south areas of the city, impeding transportation.
- 同年3月18日には念願であった舞鶴西IC~舞鶴東IC間が開通し、ようやく高速道路網が整備された。
- On the 18th, the long awaited Maizuru-nishi Interchange and Maizuru-higashi Interchange opened, heralding the completion of the first express way network.
- 15世紀に「だて」という読み方が畿内で登場し、江戸時代を通じて「いだて」と「だて」が混用された。
- In the 15th century, a reading of 'Date' was first introduced in the Kinai region, and since then, both 'Idate' and 'Date' were used to refer to the same kanji characters throughout the Edo Period.
- また通政は、戦国時代にその所領の維持を図ったのだが、出雲国の尼子晴久の圧迫を受け伊予国へ逃れた。
- Also, Michimasa intended to maintain their shoryo in the Sengoku Period, but fled to Iyo Province, as he was oppressed by Haruhisa AMAGO of Izumo Province.
- 湖西線下り列車は、普通列車・新快速などは下り線を通るが、特別急行列車・貨物列車などは側線を通る。
- Among the eastbound tracks running on the Kosei Line, local trains and Special Rapid trains run on the eastbound tracks, and Limited Express trains and freight trains run through the sidetrack.
- 国道307号の旧道であり、急勾配・ 急カーブが連続する交通の難所のため早期の改良が望まれていた。
- It is an old road of Route 307 and it required early improvement since it was a traffic choke point which had continuous steep slopes and sharp curves.
- なお、長秀と信孝は軍議に先立ち、光秀に内通の噂があった光秀の女婿・津田信澄を自刃に追い込んでいる。
- Incidentally, before the war council, Nagahide and Nobutaka drove Mitsuhide's son-in-law Nobusumi TSUDA, who had been rumored to have in collusion with Mitsuhide, into jijin.
- 摂関家でも関白藤原忠通と左大臣藤原頼長の兄弟が争い、忠通は後白河天皇に、頼長は崇徳上皇に接近した。
- In the family of the regent of the Emperor there was a fight between the chief adviser to the Emperor, FUJIWARA no Tadamichi, and the minister of the left, FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, who were brothers, and then Tadamichi and Yorinaga each approached Emperor Goshirakawa and retired Emperor Sutoku.
- 義朝は平氏軍と頼政軍の攻撃を受け、山内首藤俊通・片桐景重らが必死の防戦をする間に戦場から脱出した。
- When Yoshitomo's army came under the joint attack of the Taira forces as well as Yorimasa's army, Toshimichi YAMANOUCHI-SUDO and Kageshige KATAGIRI, among others, fought a delaying action to the death, and taking full advantage of the time they had bought him, Yoshitomo slipped away from the battlefield.
- 現在の京阪神は五畿七道では畿内に相当し、日本の中では他の地域に先駆けて古くから交通が発達していた。
- The current Keihanshin corresponds to the Kinai region in the Gokishichido area of the ancient map, and ahead of other areas of Japan transportation system was developed since ancient times.
- 近鉄御所線近鉄御所駅より奈良交通葛城ロープウェイ前行き乗車、近鉄葛城索道線葛城ロープウェイ前下車。
- Take the train bound for 'Nara Kotsu Bus Lines Katsuragi Ropeway mae' from Kintetsu Gosho Station of the Kintetsu Gosho-line, and get off at 'Kintetsu Katsuragi Ropeway Line Katsuragi Ropeway mae.'
- 11世紀中後期から12世紀初期にかけて成立し、院政期を通じて発展し、鎌倉時代前後に最盛期を迎えた。
- The Shoen-Koryo system was established in the mid to late 11th century and continued through until the early 12th century, so it was developed through the period of the Cloister government, and peaked around the Kamakura period.
- また「国家に勲功ある者」として、木戸家(木戸孝允の功)、大久保家(大久保利通の功)が侯爵とされた。
- As 'persons who made distinguished contributions to the nation,' the Kido family (due to the contribution of Takayoshi KIDO) and the Okubo family (due to the contribution of Toshimichi OKUBO) were ranked as Koshaku (侯爵).
- 江戸時代を通じて豊臣朝臣を本姓とし続けた大名家は、秀吉の正室・高台院の実家である木下氏だけである。
- The Kinoshita clan was the family home of Kodai-in, the lawful wife of Hideyoshi, and among the daimyo families, this was the only clan which maintained the TOYOTOMI no Ason as its honsei (original name) through the Edo period.
- 雲母坂は古くから京都と延暦寺を往復する僧侶・僧兵や朝廷の勅使が通った道であり、現在も登山客は多い。
- The path on Kirarazaka hill has long been used by monks, monk soldiers and imperial messengers traveling between Kyoto and Enryaku-ji Temple, and is still visited by many hikers today.
- どちらの通りを先に呼ぶのかということについて定説はないが、多くの交差点名が以下の法則に則っている。
- Even though there are no established rules for which street name is used first for an intersection, the names of many intersections follow the rules below:
- あわせて郡衙、寺院の遺跡も見つかり、これらと照らし合わせて国府に共通する特徴が浮かび上がってきた。
- With the additional discovery of the ruins of gunga (county government offices) and temples, these elements made the common feature of Kokufu clear.
- 住所は上記のような通り名のみで表示する場合もあり、「A通B西入」等の後に町名を併記する場合もある。
- Some addresses are indicated only by the street names as shown above, while others are followed by town names after the indication such as 'A-dori Street, B-nishiiru.'
- 西日本旅客鉄道桜井線・近畿日本鉄道天理線 - 天理駅から奈良交通バスで上滝本バス停下車後、徒歩5分。
- West Japan Railway Sakurai Line/Kintetsu Railway Tenri Line: Get off at Tenri Station, take a Nara Kotsu Bus, and after alighting from the bus at Kamitakimoto Bus Stop, walk five minutes.
- 保守派や京都市民への配慮から、東京奠都を明確にはしなかったものの、東西両都の方針通り東京が誕生した。
- Although the transfer of the capital to Tokyo was not made entirely clear due to concerns about the conservatives and Kyoto citizens, Tokyo was born just as proposed.
- 市街地の北西には源氏山(92メートル)があり、山並みは鎌倉大仏の裏手を通って稲村ヶ崎まで伸びている。
- To the northwest of the city stands Mt. Genji (92 meters high), which then passes behind the Kamakura Great Buddha and reaches Inamuragasaki.
- 2004年6月1日に榛原バイパスがそれぞれ開通し数年前よりも大阪方面からのアプローチが便利になった。
- Haibara Bypass opened on June 1, 2004, and these newly opened bypasses allow better access from Osaka and surrounding areas than several years ago.
- しかしこの計画は幕府内の反対にあい計画は頓挫し、以後幕府滅亡まで通信使来日の計画はのぼらなくなった。
- However, this plan was opposed within the bakufu and failed, and after this, no plan to invite Tsushinshi was compiled until the bakufu system became extinct.
- 特に歴代の朝鮮通信使は日本の揚水式水車に興味を示し、幾度もその構造を絵図面に写して自国に持ち帰った。
- In particular, each of the Chosen Tsushinshi envoys showed interest in water-pumping wheels in Japan and brought back pictures depicting the structure many times.
- しかも、この日の人事で関白・松殿基房の子で8歳の松殿師家が20歳の基通をさしおいて権中納言になった。
- In addition, Moroie MATSUDONO, who was the eight year old son of Motofusa MATSUDONO, Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), became Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) in place of twenty years old Motomichi.
- ところが、この事態に後水尾法皇の側近であった左大臣近衛基熙と権大納言中院通茂が天皇に激しく抗議した。
- However, this situation invited strong protests to the Emperor by Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) Motohiro KONOE and Gondainagon (Junior Chief of the Councilor of State) Michishige NAKANOIN, both close aides to Cloistered Emperor Gomizunoo.
- 当時、大和大路通に営業していた『魚品』の芸妓、中西君尾は志士らを新選組の目から逃れさせたことで有名。
- Kimio NAKANISHI, a geisha in the teahouse 'Uoshina' on the Yamato-oji-dori Street, is known to have kept anti-shogunate samurai from being caught by the Shinsengumi.
- 渡辺綱(わたなべ・の・つな。渡辺源次綱。「源次」は綱の父以来、嫡子の通称)と称し、渡辺氏の祖となる。
- He called himself WATANABE no Tsuna (渡辺源次綱; '源次' was a common name for the legitimate child since the era of Tsuna's father) and became the founder of the Watanabe clan.
- 伝統的な豪族層が支配する北関東から武蔵国の国府を通って、鎌倉に抜ける鎌倉街道はしばしば戦場になった。
- A frequent battleground was the Kamakura Kaido Road stretching from the northern Kanto, where traditional powerful families ruled, to Kamakura via the provincial capital of Musashi Province.
- 1967年9月10日に着工、1971年4月16日に貫通し、湖西線開業の1974年から使用開始された。
- Construction started on September 10, 1967, completed on April 16, 1971, and the tunnel opened in 1974, when the Kosei Line was inaugurated.
- 名神高速道路は稲荷山の南、大岩街道(滋賀県道・京都府道35号大津淀線)を通って山科盆地に入っている。
- Meishin Expressway runs through Oiwa-kaido Road (Shiga and Kyoto Prefectural Road 35 Otsu-Yodo Line) to the south of Mt. Inari to enter Yamashina Basin.
- 東海道と中山道と北国街道が交差する交通の要衝である近江国の地の利を生かして商業地として発展、繁栄した。
- It was developed and flourished as a commercial district making use of geographical advantage of Omi Province which was an important point for traffic in which Tokaido Road, Nakasendo Road and Hokkoku Kaido Road crossed with each other.
- 境内に「史跡淀古城戊辰役砲弾貫通跡」の碑と「戊辰役東軍戦死者之碑」、本堂に「東軍戦死者の位牌」を残す。
- On the grounds of the temple remain the monuments 'The site of bullet holes in the historic site of Yodo Castle in the Boshin War,' and 'The monument for the fallen soldiers of the eastern forces in the Boshin War,' and inside the main building there is the 'memorial tablet for the fallen soldiers of the eastern forces.'
- その後、通信使は将軍の代替わりや世継ぎの誕生に際して、朝鮮側から祝賀使節として派遣されるようになった。
- After that, Tsushinshi were sent from the Korean side to pay homage to a new shogun or to cerebrate the birth of a heir to a shogun.
- また、登下校時や単に前を通過する際にも、職員生徒全てが服装を正してから最敬礼するように定められていた。
- Moreover, they had to make a deep bow after straightening their clothes not only when they arrived at school and left school, but also whenever they passed in front of the portraits.
- 続いて、数年後に再び政争が軍事衝突によって終結し(平治の乱)、両乱を通じて武士の政治的地位が上昇した。
- Some years later, a military confrontation brought another political fight (the Heiji War) to an end and through these two wars, the warriors'political status rose.
- 東港は前述の通り、明治時代より軍港として発展してきた関係から、多くの旧日本海軍関連の遺跡を有している。
- The East port, which has been developed as a naval port since the Meiji period, has many historic sites related to the former Imperial Japanese Navy.
- 国道429号が通っているが、すれ違い不能の狭路と見通しの悪いつづら折れのため通行はきわめて困難である。
- National Route 429 running through the pass is blind winding road which is so narrow that vehicles hardly go by each other and that makes the traffic extremely difficult to go through.
- 普通、京の名前は地名を冠するのが一般的であるため、本来なら「葛野京(かどののみやこ)」としても良かった。
- Usually, the name of the capital was commonly crowned with the name of the place, so it should have been 'Kadono Miyako.'
- 2007年6月、奈良新聞が「吉野晴夫が暴力団関係者を通じて榎信晴・前市長に辞職を強要した」疑惑を報じた。
- In June, 2007, Nara Newspaper reported a suspicion that 'Haruo YOSHINO would have forced the former mayor, Nobuharu ENOKI into resigning his office through people relating to gangster organizations.'
- 熊野古道(くまのこどう)は、熊野三山(熊野本宮大社、熊野速玉大社、熊野那智大社)へと通じる参詣道の総称。
- Kumanokodo Road (Kumana kodo) is a generic term of pilgrimage routes leading to Kumano Sanzan (three major shrines, Kumano-Hongu-Taisha, Kumano-Hayatama-Taisha and Kumano-Nachi-Taisha).
- その結果、国(道路の案内標識)、奈良県、警察署、郵便局、主な新聞社、奈良交通などにおいて修正が行われた。
- As a result, such a revision was conducted by the nation (information signs in the roads), Nara Prefecture, police stations, post offices, major newspaper companies and Nara Kotsu Bus Lines, etc.
- また、1985年(昭和60年)には3月は月全体を通して関東以西の太平洋側地方では冷たい雨の連続であった。
- In March 1985, in regions on Pacific coast from the west up to the Kanto region, cold rainy days continued throughout the month.
- この道標のある場所は、護摩壇山・伯母子峠・伯母子岳山頂への分岐点となっており、古道は山頂東側の峠を通る。
- This guidepost was located at a crossroads to Mt. Gomadan, to Obako Pass and to the summit of Mt. Obako-dake, and the old road went through the east side of the summit.
- 濃度が高い場合、視界が悪くなるために航空機の飛行や車の通行、鉄道の運行、人の歩行に障害を及ぼしたりする。
- Deteriorating visibility, high-density kosa sometimes obstructs flights of airplanes, traffic of vehicles, railway operations and the walking of human beings.
- 律令では、まず出挙が私的・自由な契約関係に依るべきであり、官庁の管理を受けないことを共通原則としていた。
- In the Ritsuryo codes, it was regarded as a common principle that Suiko should be managed in line with the private and free contract relationship, without being managed by the government office.
- そのため、通信使の宿泊先には多くの日本の文人墨客が集まり、大いに交流がなされるという副産物をもたらした。
- Therefore, many Japanese writers and artists visited the places where Tsushinshi stayed, also generating the byproduct that cultural exchanges among peoples of the two nations were made actively.
- この時代は、農業生産力が向上するとともに、地域国家内の流通が発達し、各地に都市が急速に形成されていった。
- During this period, the power to produce agricultural products increased, then these products became circulated more actively within each regional nation, and urban areas were rapidly formed in various parts of Japan.
- ただ、寺町には文字通り多数の寺が所在するが、現在ではその地名に呉服屋や染物屋を構える店はなくなっている。
- Although many temples exist in the Tera (temple)-machi as exemplified by its name, there are no kimono shops (Gofuku) or dye shops (Koya) in Gofuku-machi and Koya-machi which were named after such shops.
- (例:「字天田小字木村」には、通称「末広町1丁目」の街区があり、自治会名「南本町」で呼ばれる住所がある)
- (e.g.: In 'Koaza Kimura Aza Amata,' there is a city block commonly called '1-chome Suehiro-cho,' and there is also an address called 'Minamihon-machi' as the name of the residents' association).
- 社名の通り電線を製作するメーカーで、綾部市に所在する工場と並んでこの企業が出荷する全ての製品を生産する。
- As the company name indicates, it's main business is in manufacturing wires, and the plant in Fukuchiyama produces all products shipped by this company, together with its plant located in Ayabe City.
- 応仁・文明 (日本)期には、宣通が細川勝元の将として上洛、応仁の乱においてそれなりの軍功を立てたという。
- Through the Onin era to the Bunmei era, Nobumichi served Katsumoto HOSOKAWA as a commander and went to Kyoto, Nobumichi succeeded to distinguish himself during the military service in the Onin War.
- このため、戦国時代を通じてこの頃(江戸時代初期)までは「おた」が正しい呼び方だったのではと言う説もある。
- There is, therefore, a theory that states 'Ota' was a correct pronunciation from the Sengoku period to this time (the early Edo period).
- しかし、茶屋トンネル(L=390m)を含む約2kmバイパス道路の開通により、交通ネック区間が解消された。
- However, the traffic bottleneck was relieved after the opening of new bypass which was approximately 2km including Chaya Tunnel (390m in length).
- 商人に対しては特権や保護の代償に営業税などを取り、各港からの津料、関所のからの関銭(通行税)も徴収された。
- Operating taxes, etc., were collected from merchants in exchange for the special privileges and protection provided to them, and Tsuryou (津料) was charged from various ports and Sekisen (tolls) from barriers.
- これは「ビジット・ジャパン・キャンペーン」の一環として、ミシュラン社や国土交通省などが連携したものである。
- This is a collaboration as a part of 'Visit Japan campaign' by Michelin company, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and so on.
- しかし、交易の発展にともない豆毛浦倭館は手狭になり、交通も不便であったので、朝鮮側に再三移転要求を行った。
- However, since its space became insufficient as the commerce had been thriving, combined with its poor transportation conditions, the Japanese-side repeatedly asked the Korean government for its relocation.
- 会所の典型には方丈の影響が見えたが、会所泉殿は、方丈よりは、名の通り泉殿から強い影響をうけた建物であった。
- The formation of kaisho must have been influenced by hojo, but Kaisho Izumidono seemed to be a building that was greatly influenced by Izumidono as according to the name when compared with hojo.
- 西讃岐は守護代の香川氏が毛利氏などと結んで当初は三好氏と対立するが、善通寺合戦後、三好氏の支配下に入った。
- In western Sanuki, the Kagawa clan, which was shugodai, opposed in cooperation with the Mori clan, the Miyoshi clan at first, but after the Zentsuji War, entered under control of the Miyoshi clan.
- また近衛尚通の日記『後法成寺尚通公記』の永正五年(1508)四月十六日の条に「戦国の世の時の如し」とある。
- In the article for April 16, 1508 in 'Gohojoji Hisamichiko Ki,' a diary of Hisamichi KONOE, it is described as 'Same as in the Zhanguo period.'
- こうした国家が土地・人民を直接に管理・支配しようとする試みは、のちの均田制にも通じるものであったといえる。
- Such attempts of direct control and management of land and people by the government can be considered to be linked with the Kinden system of later years.
- 愛季は織田信長とも誼を通じる一方、浅利勝頼ら領内の反抗勢力を滅ぼし、由利地方から大宝寺氏の干渉を駆逐した。
- Chikasue, who was associated with Nobunaga ODA, defeated the opposition powers within the territory including Katsuyori ASARI, and swept out the intervention of Daihoji clan from Yuri region.
- 毛利家では、元服時に通字である「元」のついた名を名乗るのが慣例となっていた(家祖である大江広元にちなむ)。
- It was the custom of the Mori clan to put the letter '元' (moto) in their first names at the time of genpuku (The letter '元' is after 大江広元, Hiromoto OE, the forefather of the clan.)
- (ただし、今出川通以北は地域として東山から外れるため、「東大路東鞍馬口」と「東大路」を冠するものもある。)
- Still, the word 'Higashi-oji' can be used for intersections in the area to the north of Imadegawa-dori Street, as in 'Higashi-oji Higashi-Kurama-guchi,' since the area is outside Higashiyama.
- そこで兼通は太政大臣に就任して源兼明を皇族に復帰させて左大臣を止めさせる詔勅を出させ、頼忠を一上に任命した。
- So Kanemichi took the post of prime minister, made MINAMOTO no Kaneakira return to the emperor's family and made the minister of the left resign by issuing an imperial edict, and appointed Yoritada as ichinokami.
- (六地蔵近くから鎌倉第一小学校前・浜の大鳥居跡・鎌倉女学院前を通り、閻魔橋を渡った約100メートル先で中絶)
- (The street runs from an area near Rokujizo, passes in front of Kamakura City DAIICHI Elementary School, through the remains of Otorii, and in front of Kamakura Jogakuin Junior and Senior High School, crosses Enma-bashi Bridge, and then ends 100 meter ahead.)
- こうして歩かれなくなっていった小辺路は、昭和30年代に至って、紀伊山地山中の主要交通路としての役割を終えた。
- As explained above, people gradually did not use Kohechi, and in the 30's of the Showa era the road ended its role as the main road in the Kii Mountains.
- また、紀和国境の果無峠は、前述の通り、龍神・熊野・高野および大峯の各地を結ぶ交通路として利用され続けていた。
- As explained above, Hatenashi Pass at the boundary of Kiwa continued to be used as a community road connecting Ryujin, Kumano, Koya and Omine.
- 西部(大津市と高島市)は畿内と若狭湾・北陸とを短絡する要地であり、江戸時代には西近江路・鯖街道が通っていた。
- The western part (Otsu and Takashima Cities) is a key area which connects 'Kinai' and Wakasa Bay/Hokuriku region in the shortest way and Nishiomiji Road and Saba-kaido Road (the highway used to transport fish such as 'saba' [mackerel] to Japan's ancient capital, Kyoto) went through the part in the Edo period.
- それに対し宗氏にとって通交の制限は受け入れられるものではなく、両者の間に確執が生まれる(交易の制限節参照)。
- However, such restrictions were unacceptable to the So clan, which gave rise to a feud between the two sides (See the section on the trade restriction).
- 慶長12年(1607年)2月には、女官との密通が露顕し、激怒した後陽成天皇から勅勘(天皇からの勘当)を蒙る。
- In February and March 1607, his adultery with a court lady was revealed, and the infuriated Emperor Goyozei punished him by chokkan (expulsion from around the Emperor).
- 1910年(明治43年)8月25日 - 山陰本線の園部駅~綾部駅開通により、京都駅~福知山駅全線が開通する。
- August 25, 1910: The entire rail line between Kyoto Station and Fukuchiyama Station was opened by completion of the section between Sonobe Station and Ayabe Station on the Sanin Main Line.
- 上記の1899年(明治32年)の大阪~福知山間全線開通とあわせて、福知山駅が市の中心駅として担うようになる。
- Along with the opening of the entire rail line between Osaka and Fukuchiyama in 1899 outlined above, Fukuchiyama Station started to play a role as the central station of the city.
- 京都縦貫自動車道あるいは国道9号での自動車交通が中心、京阪京都交通バスが亀岡を通って京都市内まで走っている。
- The major means of transportation is vehicles using the Kyoto Longitudinal Expressway or National Route 9, and Keihan Kyoto Kotsu provides bus service operating to downtown Kyoto City through Kameoka.
- タクシーの営業区域は県南西部交通圏で、川越市・所沢市・東松山市・飯能市・和光市などと同じエリアとなっている。
- Taxis are operated in the southwestern transportation area of the prefecture, which is the same area as Kawagoe City, Tokorozawa City, Higashimatsuyama City, Hanno City and Wako City.
- 小浜線小浜駅と山陰本線殿田駅(現日吉駅 (京都府))を結ぶ小鶴線が町内を通る計画だったが、未開業に終わった。
- The Kotsuru Line (小鶴線) was planned to connect Obama Station on the Obama Line and Tonoda Station on the Sanin Main Line (present-day Hiyoshi station (Kyoto Prefecture) and run through the town, but did not open.
- 北辺を通る四条通の四条烏丸(烏丸通)から四条河原町(河原町通)までは京都府、京都市有数の繁華街となっている。
- The area between Shijo-Karasuma (Karasuma-dori Street) on Shijo-dori Street, which constitutes the northern border of this ward, and Shijo-Kawaramachi (Kawaramachi-dori Street) is one of the most bustling shopping and entertainment areas in Kyoto Prefecture as well as in Kyoto City.
- 髭茶屋追分からは京都を通らず大津宿と伏見宿、大坂を直接つなぐ伏見街道(大津街道)が山科盆地を南へ走っていた。
- The Fushimi Kaido Road (Otsu Kaido Road)--a route extending from Higechaya-oiwake and connecting the Otsu-juku Station and Fushimi-juku Station as well as Osaka without passing through Kyoto--ran south of Yamashina Basin.
- 2006年10月の北朝鮮による核実験の実施に伴い、国内への北朝鮮籍の入港は禁止されることとなる見通しである。
- With nuclear tests by North Korea in October 2006, North Korean vessels will be banned from entering Japanese ports.
- 又、北近畿豊岡自動車道が舞鶴若狭道春日インターチェンジ (兵庫県)より分岐し、氷上インターチェンジまで開通。
- In addition, the Kitakinki Toyooka Expressway branches off at the Maizuru Wakasa Expressway Kasuga Interchange (Hyogo Prefecture) and is open for service until Hikami Interchange.
- 後に仙台城を築いて岩出山城から移り、江戸時代を通じて国主の家格を維持し、仙台藩62万石の大藩として繁栄した。
- He later established the Sendai Castle and moved in from the Iwadeyama Castle, and retained a social status of kokushu (territorial lord) throughout the Edo Period, while his domain, Sendai Domain, prospered as taihan (a large scale domain) of 620,000 goku.
- 関西文化学術研究都市の中心であり、国立国会図書館関西館、私のしごと館、国際電気通信基礎技術研究所などがある。
- The town is the center of the Kansai Science City, boasting the Kansai-kan of the National Diet Library, the Vocational Museum, and the Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International.
- また、ごく一部に東西あるいは南北の方向ではない、斜め方向の通りも存在する(たとえば河原町通の四条以南など)。
- A few streets do not run at a right angle from the north-south and east-west grid, such as Kawaramachi-dori Street, which extends from the south of Shijo.
- 明治以降、汽船や鉄道の発達によって県内での物流の積み替え需要は激減し、長らく物流が通過するだけの県となった。
- After the Meiji period, the development of steamer lines and railroads decreased the demand for transhipment goods drastically, which made Shiga a prefecture through which goods only passed for a long time.
- 兵庫県の丹波市や周辺市町村からの通勤や買い物客も多く、舞鶴都市圏と並んで北近畿の中心的な都市圏となっている。
- The Fukuchiyama Urban Area, which has many commuters and shoppers from Tanba City in Hyogo Prefecture and its surrounding municipalities, has become the leading urban area in the Northern Kinki region with the Maizuru Urban Area.
- 現地経営・支配の本拠として、武士・在地領主は交通の要衝となる道や港津の近隣や展望のきく高台などに館を置いた。
- As a base for managing and ruling the area, samurai and landlord established their own town in the vicinity of the roads or ports which worked as a linchpin of traffic, or on the elevated ground which provided them with an extensive view.
- 菅坂バイパスの開通により、冬期の通行規制が飛躍的に緩和され、両都市間の交流が更に促進されることが期待される。
- Sugasaka Bypass is expected to promote exchanges between the two cities, by alleviating the conventional traffic regulations in winter drastically.
- 兼通は自身の子弟を公卿に昇進させてその世襲化を図ったが、息子達を公卿に任じ終えた直後に病死したために挫折した。
- Kanemichi promoted his sons to court nobles and attempted to make their positions hereditary, but failed due to his death from an illness soon after appointing them as court nobles.
- その後、高知の三子により3藩に別れ(丹後三分割)、峰山には京極高通 (丹後国峰山藩主)により峰山藩が置かれる。
- Afterwards, the domain was divided into three and one-third was given to each of Takatomo's sons (Tango trifurcation) and in Mineyama, the Mineyama Domain was established by Takamichi KYOGOKU (the lord of the Mineyama Domain of Tango Province).
- また京都方面への通勤、通学客も見られ、京都まで直通列車がある大和八木駅へ行くため近鉄大阪線を利用する客も多い。
- Others commute in the direction to Kyoto and many use Kintetsu Osaka Line to go to Yamato-Yagi Station, where they can go directly to Kyoto.
- しかし、前線の南北を構成する気団は、お互いの温度差が小さいため、通常はほとんどが乱層雲の弱い雨雲で構成される。
- On the other hand, air masses which compose the north and south of the front consist normally of weak rain cloud of nimbostratus because the difference in temperature between them is small.
- 小辺路の気象は通年での観測記録を欠くが、十津川・野迫川の両村内もしくは高野山での観測記録から概要を推測できる。
- Although there is no year-round record of the weather of Kohechi, it can be roughly estimated from the record of observations in Totsukawa Village and Nosegawa Village, or from those in Mt. Koya.
- 鉄道 近畿日本鉄道吉野線大和上市駅から奈良交通バス 湯盛温泉杉の湯行きで終点乗り継ぎ、池原方面行きで約2時間。
- By railway: Take Nara Kotsu Bus bound for Yumori Hot Spring Sugi no yu from Kintetsu Yoshino line Yamato-Kamiichi Station, and change at the last stop for Ikehara.
- 江戸時代、東大寺などに向かう、奈良の北の玄関口として旅籠や商店が並び、京都へ通じる奈良街道を中心に栄えた地域。
- In the Edo Period, the Nara Kitamachi area flourished centering on Nara-Kaido Road leading to Kyoto as a north gateway of Nara to Todai-ji Temple, etc., in which hatago (inn with meals) and shops stood side by side.
- また朝鮮国内における通交者の滞在費・交易品の輸送も朝鮮側が担っており、こうした負担も無視出来ないものであった。
- Korea had to pay for the living expenses of traders during their stay in Korea and the transportation expenses of commodities, and these financial burdens were too heavy to be ignored.
- 10世紀後期に入ると、試験問題の出典が予め受験者に通告されたり、権力者による情実の横行などがしばしば行われた。
- In the latter half of the 10th century, it was often the case that entrance exam questions were given to applicants in advance, or that preference was given to particular applicants by influential people.
- 除目の儀は、行事を通じて、たとえば紙の折り方や墨の磨り方にいたるまで非常に細かい作法が決められた儀式であった。
- For the ceremony of jimoku, very minute rules were established through the event, including the way of a sheet of paper was to be folded and the way in which caked ink was scrubbed.
- 1918年(大正7年) - 葛野郡大内村・七条村と、紀伊郡東九条村・上鳥羽村の一部(十条通以北)が下京区に編入
- 1918: Shimogyo Ward absorbed Ouchi-mura and Shichijo-mura in Kadono-gun and part of Higashikujo-mura and Kamitoba-mura to the north of Jujo-dori Street in Kii-gun.
- 写真などでは木造の橋と思われがちだが、実際は本体は鉄筋コンクリート製(欄干のみ木製)で、車の通行も可能である。
- The bridge looks like a wooden bridge in photographs, but, its main body has a structure of reinforced concrete (only parapets are made of wood), and it is a practicable bridge also for cars.
- 川端通の三条~塩小路間は、開通から日が浅く、以前は京阪本線が地上を走っていたため、川端通を交差点名に用いない。
- Because the section of Kawabata-dori Street between Sanjo and Shiokoji was recently opened to traffic, and the Keihan Main Line (now underground) had crossed the section before, Kawabata-dori Street cannot be used for the names of the intersections between the two streets.
- 中心市街地は東西・南北に通じる道路によって碁盤の目状に区切られており、京都市内の通りには名前がつけられている。
- The streets in the downtown area are laid out in a grid running north-south and east-west like a Go board, and each street in the city has a name.
- また、東国からの参詣者たちも伊勢・熊野への参詣の後、高野山や畿内へ向かう短絡経路として小辺路をしばしば通行した。
- And the pilgrims from Togoku (eastern provinces) also often used Kohechi as the shortest route to Mt. Koya and Kinai region after visiting Ise and Kumano.
- 1443年の嘉吉条約により、朝鮮王朝は対馬から通交する歳遣船(毎年派遣される使送船)の上限を年間50隻に定める。
- In accordance with the Kakitsu Treaty concluded in 1443, the Korean Dynasty decided to set the maximum number of saikensen (annual shisosen) from Tsushima at 50 per year.
- 後半は、悲恋や離別、再会など人の出会いと歌を通した古い民間伝説が語られており、説話的要素の強い内容になっている。
- The latter half consists of old folklore including poems whose theme is an encounter with others through tragic love, separation, reunion and so on, having strong characteristics of narrative elements.
- 富豪層は院宮王臣家(皇族、有力貴族)と墾田開発などを通じて関係を結び、一般百姓層を自らの影響下へ置き始めていた。
- The millionaires became related with Ingu oshinke (imperial families and nobles) through the reclaimed land development, and began to put common peasants under their influence.
- 一方、黄砂の影響を受けている韓国や日本なども、木材や農産物の輸入などを通して間接的に関わっているとの見方がある。
- On the other hand, there also exists a view of considering that Korea and Japan, which have been affected by kosa, are responsible indirectly as well, for example, through importation of woods and agricultural products.
- 現在の陸上自衛隊第7普通科連隊が駐屯する福知山駐屯地には、かつては大日本帝国陸軍歩兵第20連隊の駐屯地があった。
- The camp for the twentieth Infantry Regiment of the Imperial Japanese Army used to be stationed in Camp Fukuchiyama where the present-day seventh Infantry Regiment of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force now is stationed.
- 山科周辺は古くから交通が盛んであり、東山を越える日ノ岡峠、大津宿へ抜ける逢坂関が東海道の要所として知られていた。
- Since ancient times Yamashina has always had a sizable amount of traffic, and the Hinooka-toge mountain pass over Mt.Higashi as well as the Osaka no Seki checking station toward the Otsu-juku Station are known as crossroads of the Tokaido Road.
- しかし、1989年に舞鶴若狭自動車道・舞鶴西インターチェンジが開通したことにより、物流の要として注目されている。
- However, it is attracting attention as a key logistic center, due to the opening of the Maizuru-nishi Interchange of the Maizuru Wakasa Expressway in 1989.
- 同年定められた旧皇室典範と皇族通婚令により、皇族との結婚資格を有する者は皇族または華族の出である者に限定された。
- According to the former Imperial House Act and the Decree for the marriage of Imperial family, the persons entitled for marrying a member of the Imperial family were limited to members of the Imperial family or kazoku.
- その中で通勤率が最も高い自治体は奈良県生駒市の47.6%であり、最も低い自治体は奈良県天理市の10.0%である。
- In those cities, the municipality with the highest commuting rate is Ikoma City of Nara Prefecture at 47.6 percent, while the lowest is Tenri City of Nara Prefecture at 10 percent.
- 京都、東山鹿ヶ谷(現在の京都市左京区)の静賢法印(藤原通憲の子)の山荘で謀議が行われたとされ、このように呼ばれる。
- It is called 'Shishigatani Conspiracy' because secret talks were carried out at Joken Hoin (a child of FUJIWARA no Michinori)'s mountain retreat in Higashiyama Shishigatani, Kyoto (presently, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City).
- 速度規制や交通の混乱、健康被害などの諸被害によるものや、砂や塵の処理にかかる費用も含め、大きな経済的損失も生じる。
- Serious economic losses, such as those due to speed restriction or traffic disruption and to various kinds of damage, including damage to health, and the cost of dealing with the sand and dust, are generated.
- そのため、宗氏は通交権益の知行化を通じて有力庶家の掌握や地侍の被官化を行い、領国支配を推し進めていた(宗氏領国)。
- Therefore, the So clan established their dominance over the territory by obtaining the revenue arose from the trade with Korea in order to have a command of influential families and place local samurai under the clan's order (this is called the Territory of the So clan).
- しかし朝鮮人捕虜を送還するなど対馬藩の必死の努力によって、1607年最初の朝鮮通信使が来日し、国交回復が決まった。
- However, thanks to desperate efforts by the Tsushima clan, including extradition of Korean captives, the first Chosen Tsushinshi (the Korean Emissary) arrived in Japan in 1607, leading to the recovery of Japanese-Korean diplomatic relations.
- この受領・国衙支配のもと、収取体系においては負名体制が形成し、軍事面においては国衙軍制を通じて武士階層が登場した。
- Under the control of Zuryo and Kokuga, the Fumyo system (a system for tax collecting) was formed for the Revenue system, and the samurai class appeared via the kokuga forces system.
- 晴天時の午前中の霧、冬季の雪雲によって日照時間が少なくなることから、文字通り「山陰」の暗いイメージを拭い切れない。
- The area has the stigma of being a relatively dark area, true to the name of 'Sanin' (behind a mountain) due to the shortened hours of daylight caused by fog in the morning, and snow clouds in winter.
- 八坂神社(江戸時代までは祇園社)の門前町として鴨川_(淀川水系)から東大路通・八坂神社までの四条通沿いに発展した。
- Gion developed as a monzen-machi (a town established around a prominent temple or shrine) of the Yasaka-jinja Shrine (called Gion-sha Shrine until the end of the Edo period) along Shijo-dori Street from the Kamo-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system) to the Yasaka-jinja shrine on Shijo-dori Street.
- 公共交通が不便な代わり道路の便は良い方なので、自動車に乗って周辺地域の大型店を利用するスタイルが定着している模様。
- Due to the lack of efficient public transportation, driving to large shopping centers in surrounding areas has become the norm as a result of well developed road service.
- 関東の覇者となった後北条氏に取り込まれて傀儡化した古河公方とともに、こちらも政略結婚を通じて北条氏の傘下に入った。
- The Oshu Kira clan came under jurisdiction of the Hojo clan through a marriage of expediency, in the similar manner to the Kogakubo, coaxed and became a puppet player of the Gohojo clan who had become the ruler of the Kanto region.
- 1966年に枚方バイパス(京阪国道)が開通し、1990年代に入ると住宅地や学校が建設され、峠周辺の様子は一変した。
- In 1966, Hirakata Bypass (Keihan-kokudo National Road) was opened, then in the 1990s, residential areas and schools were established, which greatly improved the pass's surroundings.
- なお登山口までは通常の服装でも行けるが、登山口近くは舗装されて居ない小石のゴロゴロした道であることは注意を要する。
- While the entrance to the path can be reached while wearing ordinary attire, it should be noted that the surrounding area is not paved and full of many small stones.
- さらに信長と通じる大友氏や龍造寺氏らの反攻を受けて苦境に立たされていた島津氏が、朝廷の公家らと共謀していたという説。
- View that the Shimazu clan, that had been in a predicament because of counteroffensive activities by the Otomo clan and the Ryuzoji clan connected with Nobunaga, plotted with nobles in the Imperial Court.
- そのため、積極的な政策展開よりも行事や儀式の先例通りの遂行や人事決定が政治の中で大きなウェイトを占めることとなった。
- From this reason, performing court events and ceremonies according to precedent or personnel decisions were given a greater importance in politics rather than actively carrying out policies.
- 新選組は油小路通七条通の辻に伊東の遺骸を放置し、その周りに伏せ、遺体を引き取りにきた同志をまとめて粛清しようとした。
- Shinsengumi abandoned Ito's corpse on the streets of Aburanokoji, hiding themselves so that they could kill all the other members of Ito's group who would be coming to collect Ito's body.
- また、近江商人の商売哲学「三方よし(買い手よし、売り手よし、世間よし)」は、他国での商売を通じて生まれた概念である。
- The regional merchant culture gave birth to the 'Sanpo-yoshi' principle ('good in three directions' meaning that commerce should not only benefit the buyer and the seller but also society as a whole) -- a business concept that emerged from the experiences of the merchants who engaged in trade with other regions of the country.
- 熊野記念館の調査では、小辺路沿いに道標・町石・宿屋跡など多くの交通遺跡が確認され、庶民の道としての性格が指摘された。
- The investigation by the Kumano Kinenkan Museum confirmed many relics such as guideposts, stupa-shaped stones for indicating distances and ruins of inns, and pointed out that it had been a road for the common people.
- その一方で、円仁が比叡山に伝えた念仏三昧法から源信 (僧侶)の天台浄土教、良忍の融通念仏宗など浄土教の興隆があった。
- Moreover, spiritual tenets shifted away from the Nenbutsu Zanmai (deep prayer to Amida Buddha) passed down to Mt. Hiei by the monk Ennin and towards the monk Genshin's Tendai and Jodo (Pure Land) teachings as well as Ryonin's Yuzu Nenbutsu (Adaptable Prayer to Amida) sect, leading to the ascendancy of Pure Land teachings.
- 地頭たちは荘園・公領において、勧農の実施などを通じて自らの支配を拡大していったため、荘園領主との紛争が多く発生した。
- The jitos operated the kanno (encouragement of agriculture) in shoen and koryo and expanded their dominance and so many disputes with the lords of shoens happened.
- 福知山市を通る路線の多くが単線で、福知山線については複線化を望む声もあるが利用者が少ないため現実的には不可能である。
- Many train lines in Fukuchiyama City are single-track, and although some people have requested that the Fukuchiyama Line be converted to double tracks, it is practically impossible due to the small number of users.
- 雑賀党の鈴木氏が本格的に歴史にあらわれるのは「雑賀孫市」の通称で知られる鈴木孫一が活躍した16世紀の中頃以降である。
- The Suzuki clan of Saigato came to be mentioned frequently in history as from the mid-16th century, when Magoichi SUZUKI, commonly known as 'Magoichi SAIGA' took an active role.
- 四国では、土佐国の長宗我部元親が明智家臣斎藤利三と姻戚関係を結び、光秀を通じた信長との友好関係の下で統一を進めていた。
- In Shikoku, Motochika CHOSOKABE of Tosa Province made relation by marriage with a vassal of the Akechi family, Toshimitsu SAITO, and had been making effort to unify Shikoku under amicable relation with Nobunaga through Mitsuhide.
- 石山合戦の際には、石山本願寺について織田信長に反抗、環濠や土塁、見通しを妨げる筋違いの道路等を築いて城塞都市となった。
- The town stood on the side of Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple in Ishiyama War to fight against Nobunaga ODA, and developed into a fortified city with a moat, earthworks, diagonally crossed roads to hinder the view, etc.
- 藤原伊通はこの除目について「人を多く殺した者が官位を得るなら、なぜ三条殿の井戸に官位をやらないのか」と皮肉ったという。
- FUJIWARA no Koremichi had the following cynical comment on this promotion session: 'If killing many people is the key to winning promotions in rank, why then was the well at Sanjo Palace not promoted?'
- 旧道は近世ないし明治以降に作られたと言われているもので、古道は2003年(平成15年)に復旧されるまで通行不能だった。
- Kyudo' is said to have been built in the early-modern period or in the Meiji era, and 'kodo' could not be even walked until the re-opening in 2003.
- とくに正徳時に老中土屋政直の命令によって大量に作成されたが、対馬藩に残る『正徳度朝鮮通信使行列図巻』はその典型である。
- In particular, many such pictures in the Shotoku era were drawn by an order from Masanao TSUCHIYA, including 'A Scroll of Pictures of a Procession of Chosen Tsushinshi in the Shotoku Era' remaining in the Tsushima Domain that is a typical example.
- 群盗の活動は9世紀を通じて活発化していき、朝廷は群盗鎮圧のために東国などへ軍事を得意とする貴族層を国司として派遣した。
- After robbery became more common in 9th century, the Imperial Court sent military aristocrats to Togoku (eastern part of Japan) as kokushi (provincial governors) to discourage such acts.
- しかし、安定期であった江戸時代を通じて形成された、儒教的な「士道」に反発し武士としての本来のありようを訴える人もいた。
- However, some evoked the traditional bushi identity, opposing Confucius morality of the samurai which formed during the stable Edo period.
- 一方、祇園町南側(とくに花見小路通周辺)は女紅場学園所有であるために乱開発は逃れ、歴史的風景特別修景地区に指定された。
- On the other hand, the south area of Gion around the Hanamikoji-dori Street was spared from rampant development because the area was owned by Nyokoba-gakuen School, and was designated as a Historical Landscape Preservation and Improvement District.
- なお、2005年(平成17年)に、共同通信社と全国地方新聞社連合会が企画・編集した「港50選」のひとつに選ばれている。
- For reference, it was selected as one of the 'Best Fifty Ports,' planned and compiled by Kyodo News and Federation of Local Newspaper Companies in 2005.
- しかし、那珂氏の一族である那珂通泰は武家方につき、那珂郡江戸郷を封ぜられ、子の江戸通高の代に江戸氏を称するようになる。
- However, Michiyasu NAKA, one of the Naka clan members, who sided with the samurai, was assigned to Edo-go of Naka County and his son Michitaka adopted Edo as his family name.
- 東・北・西のいずれから鎌倉に入るとしても「鎌倉七口」と呼ばれる、山を切り開いた狭い通路(切通し)を通らねばならなかった。
- To enter Kamakura from the east, north or west, people had to pass through narrow paths (Kiridoshi) named 'Kamakura Nanakuchi' (Kamakura's Seven Entrances), which had been dug through the mountain.
- 1375年(永和 (日本)元年)に足利義満によって派遣された日本国王使に対して信(よしみ)を通わす使者として派遣された。
- In 1375, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA dispatched an envoy from Japan to Korea, and for this, the Korean side sent to Japan an envoy to express a good relationship.
- 鎌倉時代になると、商品経済が発展していき、貨幣流通が増加し、中には銭貨で年貢を納入する代銭納が行われるケースも出てきた。
- As the commercial economy developed during the Kamakura period, the circulation of money increased, and in some cases, the nengu was paid by coins.
- 対明交渉を開始するが、1380年には明で胡惟庸の獄が起り、胡惟庸が通牒している疑惑などがあり、日明関係は成立しなかった。
- Then, he started negotiations with the Ming Dynasty, however the diplomatic relationship between Japan and Ming was not established at that time due to 'the Koiyo no goku' (the incident in which Koiyo was executed on the suspicion of espionage) broke out in the Ming in 1380.
- これにより、文引制と合わせ対馬島内諸勢力の通交は宗氏本宗家の支配するところとなり、宗氏の領国支配が強化されることになる。
- This treaty, coupled with the Bunin (a pass issued by the So clan to enter the Korean Dynasties) system, effectively enabled the head family of the So clan to control trading among the powers within Tsushima island, strengthening territorial rule by the So clan.
- もっとも薩摩藩や長州藩のように初代藩主以来、明治時代の廃藩置県まで国替えがなかった藩の場合は「藩士」の呼称でも通用する。
- The name 'Hanshi' is also commonly used in the case of domains, such as the Satsuma Domain and Choshu Domain, which had not come under provincial rule the time of the first lord until the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in the Meiji period.
- 明治時代になると日本は日露戦争を控え、日本海の軍港舞鶴港へつなぐ交通網の普及の必要から比較的早くから鉄道の整備がされた。
- During the Meiji period, Japan had to expand the transportation network connecting Maizuru Port in preparation for the Russo-Japanese War, which started the development of its railroads early on.
- また大石内蔵助は山科区の西の端にあたる西野に住み、仇討ちまでの間、夜毎東山を越えて祇園に通いながら世間の目を欺いていた。
- Furthermore Kuranosuke OISHI had lived in Nishino, on the western edge of the Yamashina Ward, and kept everyone deceived by visiting Gion every day through Mt. Higashi until he carried out his revenge.
- その傍証として関は、『陸奥話記』において安倍頼時が「大夫(五位の官位を持つ者の通称)」と呼ばれていることを指摘している。
- As its corroborating evidence, Seki indicated that ABE no Yoritoki is called 'Daibu' (a common name of those who had been granted Goi [Fifth Rank] as an official rank) in 'Mutsu Waki' (A Record of Mutsu, or A Chronicle of the Earlier Nine Years' War).
- そして1615年、定次は大坂冬の陣で城方に内通したという責めによって、幕命により息子の筒井順定とともに自害を命じられた。
- In 1615, Sadatsugu was ordered by the Shogunate to commit suicide together with his son Juntei TSUTSUI on charge of his secret communication with the people of Osaka-jo Castle (the enemy) during Winter Siege of Osaka.
- ドラマなどで「浅井」が「あさい」と読まれることも多いが、上記の通り「あざい」が正しく、現在の滋賀県でも「あざい」と読む。
- Although the name '浅井' often pronounced as 'Asai' in dramas and others, it should be read 'Azai' as mentioned above, and even in Shiga Prefecture today, it is read 'Azai.'
- 通政の甥・細川通薫(通重)が備中支配の回復を試みるが、中国地方に勢力を伸ばした毛利氏の客将となり、子孫は長州藩に仕えた。
- A nephew of Michimasa, Michitada (Michishige) HOSOKAWA tried to regain the control of Bicchu, but he became a guest commander of the Mori clan that extended the power in the Chugoku region, and his descendants served the Choshu clan.
- したがって、これらの学区は現在では正式の行政区域ではないが、「元学区」という形で、地域の通称としては現在も使われている。
- Therefore, these school districts are not official administrative district today, but they are still used as aliases of areas in the form of 'former school districts.'
- 前述の通り、開戦時の兵力では旧幕府軍が上回っており、新政府軍では天皇を連れて京都から撤退することも検討していたと言われる。
- As described above, the former Shogunate forces were superior in military strength at the beginning of the war, and in fact, the new government's forces had reportedly reviewed the option of withdrawing from Kyoto with the Emperor.
- 更に偶然にも藤原師通(頼通の孫)の死後の摂関家では後継者争いが生じ、最終的に白河法皇の介入という形で解決がなされてしまう。
- Furthermore, after the death of FUJIWARA no Moromichi (the grandson of Yorimichi), there occurred a coincidental struggle for the successor in the regent's house, and it was eventually settled by the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa's intervention.
- こうした交通網の発達は、明治以降鉄道建設や道路整備により、京阪神を一体の地域としての性格を強めることに大きな影響を与えた。
- The development of such traffic networks had a major effect on strengthening the character of Keihanshin as an integrated area by the construction of railroads and the maintenance of its roads in and after the Meiji era.
- 吉野が最初に史書に現れるのは、『古事記』『日本書紀』の神武東征の記事で、熊野国から大和国に入る通過地として記載されている。
- The first appearance of Yoshino in history books is the article of Jinmu tosei (Eastern expedition of the Emperor Jinmu) in the 'Kojiki' and the 'Nihonshoki' and it is described as the point to be passed through from Kumano Province to Yamato Province.
- これは宗氏以外の全ての受職人(朝鮮王朝から官位を貰っている者)・受図書人(通交許可を受けている者)に対しても同様であった。
- This sanction was applied not only to the So clan but also to all Jushokunin (those given an official rank by the Korean Dynasties) and Tsuko Jutoshonin (those granted the permission to practice amicable relations).
- 記録上は、8世紀=奈良時代を通じて順調に農地の支給(班田)が行われているが、800年の記録を最後に班田は行われなくなった。
- According to the records available, fields were supplied to people (called handen) steadily throughout the eighth century (or the Nara period), but the supply of fields stopped after 800.
- 日本の境界領域である琉球王国と蝦夷地(和人地である渡島半島を除く北海道、樺太及び千島列島)の支配は大名を通じて行なわれた。
- The Ryukyu Kingdom and the Ezo area (the Hokkaido areas except for the Oshima peninsula occupied by wajin - Japanese: persons whose origin was the main Japanese lands, - Sakhalin and Kurile Islands) were controlled through the Daimyo concerned.
- 1899年(明治32年)7月15日 - 福知山線の柏原駅 (兵庫県)~福知南口駅開通により、大阪~福知山間全線が開通する。
- July 15, 1899: The entire rail line between Osaka and Fukuchiyama was opened through the completion of the section between Kashiwara Station (Hyogo Prefecture) and Fukuchi Minamiguchi Station on the Fukuchiyama Line.
- これらは通例であり、1896年(明治29年)4月に旧河川法が公布、同年6月の施行以降、行政上の表記は桂川に統一されている。
- These are the conventional names, but after the River Act was proclaimed in April 1896 and implemented in June of the same year, only the name Katsura-gawa River has been used in administrative documents.
- そのため、府や国土交通省などが、船舶の大型化や荷役のコンテナ化に対応する港湾にするべく「和田埠頭」(仮称)を整備中である。
- Thus the Prefecture and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is prepared to maintain the port as a critical point and has widened the function of the new port Wada Warf (tentative name) to harbor larger vessels and handle containers.
- それでも一色氏の命脈は戦国期を通じて永らえたが、1579年7月に一色氏が細川幽斎に滅ぼされて以来、細川氏が丹後を支配した。
- Some of the Isshiki clan survived through the Sengoku period for a fairly long time, but in July 1579 Yusai HOSOKAWA defeated the Isshiki clan and thereafter controlled Tango Province.
- 京都市の東北部を占め、東は滋賀県大津市に接し、南は三条通をはさんで東山区、山科区に、北は南丹市、滋賀県高島市に接している。
- Located in the northeast part of Kyoto City, Sakyo Ward borders Otsu City of Shiga Prefecture on the east side, borders Higashiyama Ward and Yamashina Ward on the south side across Sanjo-dori Street and borders Nantan City of Kyoto Prefecture and Takashima City of Shiga Prefecture on the north side.
- 大掾満幹はその後も馬場城を保持し続けたが、応永33年(1426年)に馬場城を留守にした隙に、通房に馬場城を攻め落とされた。
- Mitsutomo DAIJO continued to occupy Baba-jo Castle even after the incident, but in 1426, Michifusa attacked and captured the castle when he was away.
- 共通語ではしばしば「あ」を高く読む頭高型で発音されるが、地元でのアクセントは「あづち」とすべての音を高く読む平板型である。
- Although Azuchi Town is often pronounced with a high falling intonation in the Japanese common language, it is pronounced without inflection in the local language.
- 都の北端中央に大内裏を設け、そこから市街の中心に朱雀大路を通して左右に左京・右京(東側が左京、西側が右京である)を置くという
- The Daidairi (the greater imperial palace) occupied the northernmost central position, and the Suzaku-oji Avenue (main avenue of Heian-kyo) was laid out from there to the center of the city, so as to bisect into Sakyo (left city) and Ukyo (right city) (Sakyo is on the east side and Ukyo is on the west side).
- 「室町」という呼称は、3代将軍足利義満が将軍の公邸として造営した室町殿(通称・花の御所、現在の京都市上京区)に由来している。
- The name 'Muromachi' was derived from the Muromachi-dono, which was built by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Ashikaga Shogun, to serve as the public residence of the Shogun (commonly known as Hana no Gosho, this residence is located in what is now Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City).
- 以上のように近代における小辺路は生活道路としての性格を持つ道であり、国道168号が五條・新宮間を全通するまで利用され続けた。
- As explained above, Kohechi was a community road in modern times, and continued to be used until National Highway 168 was constructed at the whole sections between Gojo and Shingu.
- 小辺路の要所に設けられた宿屋・茶店、道標といった交通遺跡が設けられたのも近世のことであり、重要な交通路であったことがわかる。
- The traffic relics which still remain including lodgings, teahouses and guideposts were built at important key of Kohechi in the early-modern period and it is known that Kohechi was an important transport road.
- 更にこれを見た非官僚の荘園所有者も政府や官僚との個人的つながりを通じて本来は許されない租税の納付を回避しようとする者もいた。
- Furthermore, considering this, some non-bureaucrats who owned shoens also tried to escape from tax payments, which was not normally allowed, through their personal connections with the government or bureaucrats.
- なお、国際的に通用する気象現象の表現方式である、WMO規定の国際式天気図記号では、以下の11種類が黄砂を表す記号に該当する。
- Of the WMO-specified international symbols on weather charts, which are internationally usable for indicating meteorological phenomena, the following 11 can be used for kosa:
- 付近を通る幹線道路のコースを、城下に通じるように付け替えることにより往来が城下を通り、商工業を活性化させる効果を狙っている。
- By realigning nearby main route roads to pass through the joka (castle town), they wished for the traffic to pass the joka and stimulate commerce and industry.
- クビーラはガンジス川を司る女神ガンガーのヴァーハナ(乗り物)でもあることから、日本では海上交通の守り神として信仰されてきた。
- Kubi-ra is the Va-hana (riding object) of the goddess Ganger who controls the Ganges River and has been worshiped in Japan as the protective god of sea transportation.
- 明治以降、琵琶湖疏水や東海道本線、京阪京津線などが山科を通り、1933年に京津国道(後の国道1号、現在の三条通)が開通した。
- In and after the Meiji period, the Lake Biwa Canal, the Tokaido Main Line, and the Keihan Keishin Line were built in Yamashina, and the Keishin National Route (later the National Route 1 and now the Sanjo-dori Street) opened in 1933..
- だが、源平合戦で交通の要所であった白河の地は荒廃し、窮民によって御所や寺院が荒らされていく様子が『玉葉』などに記されている。
- Documents including 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of Kanezane KUJO) described how the land of Shirakawa, which had been an important area for traffic, was devastated and how the imperial palace and temples were kept ransacked by the poor and needy during and after the Genpei War (1180-1185, a war between the Taira clan and the Minamoto clan in which the latter defeated the former and established the Kamakura shogunate government).
- 東アジアでは古来、歴史的に「天子の住む都」「首都」を意味する普通名詞として京(きょう)、京師(けいし)が多く使用されていた。
- In East Asia, the words 'Kyo' and 'Keishi' have historically been used as common nouns meaning 'city in which the emperor resides' and 'capital' since ancient times.
- 小笠原家長、木曽家豊、松平信光、吉良義真、筒井順尊、吉川経基、吉見信頼、益田兼堯、大内教幸、小早川煕平、河野教通、相良長続など
- Ienaga OGASAWARA, Ietoyo KISO, Nobumitsu MATSUDAIRA, Yoshizane KIRA, Junson TSUTSUI, Tsunemoto KIKKAWA, Nobuyori YOSHIMI, Kanetaka MASUDA, Noriyuki OUCHI, Hirohira KOBAYAKAWA, Norimichi KONO, Nagatsugu SAGARA and so on
- よって朝廷の支配との二元的支配から承久の乱を通して、次第に幕府を中心とする武士に実権が移っていった時代とみるのが適切であろう。
- So although at first the bakufu ruled in partnership with the court, it is fitting to consider the Kamakura period the transition during which, as a result of the Jokyu War, the warrior class--and the bakufu in particular--gradually superceded the court in power.
- 貨幣経済の浸透や庶民の成長による地方都市の発達、遠隔地の商品流通や年貢輸送のために街道が整備され、地方文化の交流も活発になる。
- Due to the dissemination of the money-based economy and (economic) growth among the commoners, provincial cities also began to develop, and the highways were maintained to boost circulation of goods and trade in remote areas and facilitate the collection of the annual taxes, which led to lively cultural exchanges in rural culture.
- 領家は荘官を通じて、荘園からの収穫を年貢として徴収したり、荘園内の百姓(荘民)に労役を課したり(公事)して、自らの収入とした。
- Through those shokan, ryoke collected harvests from their shoen as nengu (land tax), and imposed labor service (kuji [public duties]) on the shomin (farmers living in their manor), taking those taxes as their own revenue.
- 反面、通信使の往来路であると否とにかかわらず、武蔵・相模以西の東海道・畿内・西国の農民には労役の提供や費用の負担が求められた。
- On the other hand, regardless of the route Tsushinshi took, it was requested for farmers in the Tokaido, Kinai, Saigoku regions located to the west of the Musashi and Sagami Provinces to provide physical labor and to bear costs.
- そのため、江戸時代を通じて庶民にとっては数十年に一度やってくる異国情緒を持った一種の見世物として沿道の民衆にも親しまれていた。
- Therefore, the procession was accepted favorably by the general public along the road throughout the Edo period, as a kind of exotic show that came once every tens of years.
- また1670年(寛文10年)には今出川通から五条通までの区間に寛文新堤が設けられ、御土居との間が新たな市街地として開発された。
- In 1670, the Kanbun-shintei (embankment) was built between the Imadegawa-dori and Gojo-dori Streets, and the area between the mud wall and the embankment was developed as an urban area.
- また、住民の通り抜けルートにもなっているが、通路部分は舗装されている訳ではなく砂が敷き詰められているため自転車では走りづらい。
- Citizens pass through Kyoto Gyoen National Garden, but, since the passage is sanded and not paved, it is difficult to traverse by bicycle.
- 国人間の重層的な姻戚関係により奥州国人すべて親族血縁の誼を通じていたため、領土紛争も互いの存亡をかける争いには発展しなかった.
- Because all the local lords in the Oshu region had a close relationship each other through either blood or marriage, a territorial dispute hardly developed into a dead or alive conflict.
- 出自については、藤原秀郷の末裔波多野氏の一族であるとも相模国の御家人の出とも言われ、実際系図が何通りもあり定説化されていない。
- Its origin is said to be either a family of the Hatano clan, a descendant of FUJIWARA no Hidesato or a Gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods)in Sagami Province, and in fact, they had several family trees and there is no accepted theory about it.
- また篠町には足利高氏の挙兵の地となった篠村八幡宮があるなど当市域は鎌倉時代・南北朝時代 (日本)を通じて源氏の一拠点となった。
- Takauji ASHIKAGA took up arms at the Shinomura-Hachimangu Shrine in Shino-cho, making the Kameoka area a base for the Minamoto clan through the Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- そもそも丹波は、中央集権体制を進める明治政府の大久保利通らにより、但馬・丹後を含め似通った地域性を無視して2府県に分けられた。
- In the first place, Tanba, Tajima and Tango were divided up into two prefectures by people like Toshimichi OKUBO in the Meiji government who wanted to strengthen centralized control, ignoring their regional similarities.
- 江戸通泰は佐竹氏に臣従の姿勢を見せたものの、独自の勢力を保ち、古河公方家の家督争いなどで混乱が続く常陸西部及び南部に進出する。
- Although Michiyasu EDO acted as a vassal to the Satake clan, he, independent-minded, expanded his sphere of influence to the western and southern areas of Hitachi where there were a series of disturbances such as succession disputes within the Furukawa kubo family.
- 鎌倉時代を通じて、武家の統治機構である守護・地頭に属する武士が、地頭請や下地中分という形で国衙領や荘園を蚕食し始めるようになる。
- But as the Kamakura period progressed, the samurai-based administrative system, warriors serving as shugo (Protectors) and jito (estate stewards) began to take over kokuga (public) territories and shoen through such means as jitouke (in which an estate steward was contracted by the rightful owner of an estate to guard it) and shitaji chubun (whereby lands were divided between steward and owner).
- 小辺路を通行しての熊野ないし高野山への参詣記録は近世以降のものが大半を占め、近世以前の記録もいくつか確認されているが少数である。
- Most records of pilgrimage to Kumano or Mt. Koya through Kohechi were compiled after the early-modern period and there are few records before the early-modern period.
- 1596年(慶長元年)の通信使は日本と明の休戦交渉の締めくくりとして行われた明使(冊封使)の日本への派遣に同行したものであった。
- In 1596, Tsushinshi came together with the Ming envoy (Sakuho-shi ambassador) who came to Japan for closing the truce negotiation between Japan and the Ming.
- 15世紀、朝鮮半島南部に三浦と呼ばれる日本人居留地が存在し、宗氏を始めとする西日本諸勢力は三浦を拠点に朝鮮王朝に通交をしていた。
- In the fifteenth century, there existed a Japanese settlement called Sanpo in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, and major forces in the western part of Japan such as the So clan maintained amicable relations with the Korean Dynasty using Sanpo as their base.
- 李氏朝鮮の都・漢城(現在のソウル)にも通交を求めてくる日本の大名や商人を接待するための施設「東平館」が存在し、倭館と通称された。
- In the Hanseong (present-day Seoul), the capital of Yi Dynasty Korea, there was also a facility named 'Dongpyoung-gwan,' or commonly called wakan, that was used to entertain Japanese Daimyo and merchants asking for commercial intercourse.
- 高い通行料に苦慮した京都や山城国など周辺部の民衆は度々一揆を引き起こして関所の廃止を要求して、実力で関所を破壊することもあった。
- People in Kyoto and its neighboring regions including Yamashiro Province, who suffered from the expensive tolls, often created uprsisings and demanded the abolishment of the checkpoints, sometimes demolishing the checkpoints by force.
- ただし、幹線道路は、地形上の有利不利を問わず、権力者の威光を示すために、城の裏に当たる搦手側は通さず、表に当たる大手側を通した。
- However, regardless of disadvantages/advantages geographically, main route roads did not go through the back of the castle but passed through the Ote side or front side of the castle to indicate the glory of the ruler.
- かつては複数の商店街で賑わった「商業のまち」の趣も、全国の例に漏れずシャッター通りと化しており現在ではほぼ居住地域となっている。
- While this used to be a busy shopping district, with the taste of a 'commercial town,' shops are closing down, like the rest of Japan, leaving the area mostly residential now.
- 京都鉄道・阪鶴鉄道によって敷設された山陰本線と福知山線、旧日本国有鉄道によって敷設された舞鶴線と小浜線が、幹線として通っている。
- Railroads that run as trunk lines are the Sanin Main Line and the Fukuchiyama Line built by Kyoto Railway and Hankaku Railway, as well as the Maizuru Line and the Obama Line built by former Japanese National Railways.
- 江戸忠通・江戸通政・江戸重通は佐竹義重 (十八代当主)と同盟を結び、佐竹氏は南奥に、江戸氏は常陸南部にそれぞれ積極的に進出する。
- Tadamichi EDO, Michimasa EDO and Shigemichi EDO formed an alliance with Yoshishige SATAKE (the 18th family head) and the Satake clan extended its influence to the deep south and the Edo clan to the southern areas of Hitachi.
- 京都と滋賀の間には昔から交通の大動脈である東海道が整備されており、加えて琵琶湖・淀川(瀬田川)の水路もあり、結びつきが強かった。
- The connection between Kyoto and Shiga has been strong because of Tokaido Road, the very important aorta-like road for transportation, which has been set through them since ancient times, in addition to the water route from Lake Biwa through the Yodo-gawa River (which is called as the Seta-gawa River in this area).
- 現在では滋賀県の住民が琵琶湖線や湖西線などを利用して京都市へ多く通勤・通学しており、一体的な都市圏(京都都市圏)を形成している。
- A lot of residents in Shiga Prefecture commute to Kyoto City using Biwako Line or Kosei Line and so on, which results in forming a unified urban area (Kyoto urban area).
- また、丹後海陸交通が運営する遊覧船が湾内を巡回しており、伊根町の観光名所の一つである伊根の舟屋の見物を目的に観光客が多く訪れる。
- Also, there are pleasure boats operated by Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd. that go around inside the bay, and there are many tourists who visit to see the Ine no Funaya Houses (houses built on the water's edge in Ine) which is one of the tourist (sightseeing) spots in Ine Town.
- 京都とは普通名詞としては首都を意味し、東京は京都に対して東の京(東の首都)を意味しており、2つの都である京都と東京が首都である。
- Both Kyoto and Tokyo are capitals because Kyoto as a common noun means capital while Tokyo means eastern capital.
- たとえば、京都市役所の所在地は中京区上本能寺前町であるが、これを「京都市中京区寺町通御池上る上本能寺前町488番地」と表示する。
- For example, the location of Kyoto City Hall is Kami-Honnojimae-cho, Nakagyo Ward, but it is indicated as '488 Kami-Honnojimae-cho, Teramachi-dori Miike-agaru, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City.'
- 佐々木道誉や赤松則祐らが南朝と通じて幕府に反すると、尊氏は近江へ佐々木、尊氏の子の義詮は赤松を討伐のために播磨へそれぞれ出兵する。
- Doyo SASAKI and Norisuke AKAMATSU rebelled against the bakufu and joined the Southern Court, and Takauji set out to Omi to attack Sasaki, and Takauji's son, Yoshiakira set out to Harima to attack Akamatsu.
- 日本国有鉄道五新線が通る予定で、途中の阪本まで建設が進められていたが中止され、用地の一部はバス (交通機関)専用道路に転用された。
- There was a plan according to which Goshin Line of Japan National Railways was to run through Ano, and the construction was underway up to a place called Sakamoto; however, the plan was cancelled and a part of the site was used for a bus lane instead.
- 公共交通機関:近畿日本鉄道大和上市駅から奈良交通バスで湯盛り温泉杉の湯行きで「湯盛温泉杉の湯」で乗換え、入之波泉行き終点下車すぐ。
- Public transportation: take a bus of Nara Kotsu Bus which is bound for Yumori Onsen Sugi no Yu, at Yamato-Kamiichi Station of the Kinki Nippon Railway Company, get off the bus at `Yumori Onsen Sugi no Yu (Cedar Hot Spring)' to transfer to a bus bound for Shionoha Onsen Hot Spring, and get off the bus at the last stop, which is close to Shionoha Onsen Hot Spring.
- 伊吹山は中京圏および京阪神地区からそれほど遠くない位置にあり、かつ麓を東海道本線や名神高速道路が通じているので交通の便の良がよい。
- Mt, Ibuki is not so far from Chukyo area and Keihanshin area and it is conveniently located with Tokaido Main Line and Meishin Expressway running through the foot of the mountain.
- 吉野川(和歌山県では紀の川)流域に位置し、大和国と紀伊国を結ぶ交通の要衝として、また吉野山地への入口として古来より重視されてきた。
- Gojo City is located in the area along the Yoshino-gawa River (called the Kino-kawa River in Wakayama Prefecture), and has been thought important as a strategic traffic point connecting Yamato Province with Kii Province, or as an entrance into Yoshino Mountains since ancient times.
- 京阪に近い南部(大津市・草津市・甲賀市など)は文化的に京阪の影響を強く受け、現在は通勤圏として「滋賀府民」の多い地域となっている。
- The southern part (including Otsu, Kusatsu, and Koga Cities), which is close to Kyoto and Osaka, has been culturally influenced by Kyoto and Osaka, and since a lot of people commute to Kyoto and Osaka from this part, they are called 'Shiga Fumin' (those living in Shiga but spend most of their time in Kyoto or Osaka).
- 二卿事件(にきょうじけん)は、明治4年(1871年)、攘夷派の公卿、愛宕通旭と外山光輔が明治政府の転覆を謀ったクーデター未遂事件。
- The Nikyo Jiken was an abortive coup d'etat in which Michiteru OTAGI and Mitsusuke TOYAMA, nobles in joi-ha (supporters of expulsion of the foreigners), attempted to overthrow the Meiji Government in 1871.
- 倍増した耕地面積は食糧増産と人口増加をもたらし、村請を通じて幕府財政や藩財政を支えるとともに、全国的な流通経済を大きく発展させた。
- Doubling the arable land increased the population as well as the amount of food produced, supporting the finance of the bakufu and that of each domain through the murauke system (village-wide, collective responsibility for tax payment) and greatly advancing nation-wide distribution-related economy.
- しかし、安土桃山時代になると、太閤検地などを通じて土地所有関係が大きく整理されたため、出挙は近世に入るまでに消滅したとされている。
- However, after the several matters relating to land ownership were drastically controlled through Taiko-kenchi (the land surveys conducted by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) and other systems in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, Suiko is believed to have been abolished by the beginning of the early-modern times.
- 公共交通機関でのアクセスは通常はないが、夏季等繁雑期のみフェリー発着時間に合わせて東舞鶴駅より路線バスの運行が行われることがある。
- Usually it is not accessible by public transportation but a local bus service may be available from Higashi-Maizuru Station in response to the arrival and departure times on occasions when many visitors can be expected, for example in summer.
- やがて、専制を強めた浅見氏を追放し、京極氏を傀儡化させ、京極家の有力家臣をも従えて戦国大名へと成長していったとするのが通説である。
- According to a common theory, in due course, the Azai clan expelled the Asami clan, who was aiming at enhancing its autocratic rule, and instead, the Azai clan grew gradually and became a Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period), by making the Kyogoku clan as its puppet and handling the influential vassals of the Kyogoku family.
- しかし1600年の関ヶ原の戦いでは西軍の総大将に祭り上げられ、周防国・長門国の2ヶ国に減封されるも、江戸時代を通じて安泰であった。
- The clan managed to keep themselves in peace during the Edo period, although the Mori clan was arranged to be the supreme commander of the Western Army in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, and their territories were diminished to two provinces, Suo and Nagato.
- 再び1999年には、その名の通り森の中に位置していることから「森のゆうえんち」としてリニューアルを図るも、これもまた実らなかった。
- In 1999 the park was once again redeveloped and reopened as 'Forest Amusement Park' which was located in the forest as the name suggested, but the business still didn't improve.
- 本能寺が史料の通り、天正8年(1580年)年2月に、堀土居を造り厩新設し本堂などの改築で信長宿舎として改造されたことを裏付けている。
- It proved that, as mentioned in historical materials, the Honno-ji Temple was remodeled as the accommodation for Nobunaga in February and March 1580 by constructing moats and mud walls and newly building a stable and reconstructing the main building.
- 11月19日、義仲は後白河法皇を幽閉し、摂政近衛基通や院の近臣を更迭した後に松殿師家を摂政に任じるクーデターを行った(法住寺合戦)。
- On November 19, Yoshinaka executed a coup d'etat by capturing the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and after dismissing Regent Motomichi KONOE and close aides of the emperor, he had Moroie MATSUDONO made Regent (the Battle of Hoju-ji Temple).
- このように、幕府が紫衣の授与を規制したにもかかわらず、後水尾天皇は従来の慣例通り、幕府に諮らず十数人の僧侶に紫衣着用の勅許を与えた。
- Although the bakufu regulated the presenting of Shie, Emperor Gomizunoo followed the previous tradition of giving Imperial decrees, allowing the wearing of Shie by about 15 Buddhist monks without asking for the bakufu's opinion.
- 既売却地・質流れ地の無償返付,所領や債権債務についての訴訟(雑訴)の円滑処理などを行うことを通じて、旧体制へ復帰を図る目的があった。
- The aim was to return to the old system by voluntary restoration of sold or foreclosed property and smooth processing of court cases (zasso) regarding property and debts.
- 大峯奥駈道(おおみねおくがけみち)は、熊野三山(熊野本宮大社、熊野速玉大社、熊野那智大社)へと通じる修行道であり、熊野古道のひとつ。
- 'Omine Okugake-michi (paths)' is the road of ascetic practices leading to Kumano Sanzan (three major shrines, Kumano-Hongu-Taisha Shrine, Kumano-Hayatama-Taisha Shrine and Kumano-Nachi-Taisha Shrine) and is one of Kumanokodo Road.
- 中世日朝交易は、通交使節による進上と回賜、朝鮮王朝による公貿易、日朝双方の商人による私貿易の三つの形態が組み合わさったものであった。
- The medieval trade between Japan and Korea consisted of three trading styles: shinjo (courtesy visits with gifts) by trading envoys and kaishi (luxurious return gifts), the public trade by the Korean Dynasty, and private trade by Japanese and Korean merchants.
- 関所の代官は年貢・公事の納入以外で京都に入る商品や往来する人馬から率分に応じた商品あるいは一定の金額を通行税(関銭)として徴収した。
- A local magistrate of a checkpoint collected pro rata goods or a certain amount of money as passenger tax (sekisen, checkpoint charge) from goods coming to Kyoto, and people and cargoes passing up and down, except delivery of land taxes, political operations and ceremonies by the Imperial Court.
- 黒風暴は、寒冷前線の通過時などで大気が不安定になったときに、ダウンバーストやガストフロントなどの局地現象な突風をきっかけに発生する。
- When the atmosphere becomes unstable, for example, due to a passage of a cold front, a Kara Bran is generated triggered by a local gust, such as a downburst or a gust front.
- 13世紀中期頃から、貨幣経済の浸透と商品流通の活発化、村落の形成、地頭ら武士による荘園公領への侵出など、大きな社会変動が生じ始めた。
- Starting around the middle of the 13th century, the social system started changing drastically: For example, money had become used in the economy, goods were circulated actively, and samurai, such as jito (managers and lords of manors), had advanced into shoen koryo (public lands and private estates).
- 近世(江戸時代)に入ると、将軍家や大名家は権力を正当化するため、儒教思想を積極的に採用し、歴史の編纂を通じて自らの正当性を主張した。
- Entering the early-modern times (the Edo period), the Shogun family and Daimyo families (feudal lord families) adopted Confucian thought actively to legitimatize their power and compiled their own histories to assert their legitimacy.
- 儒教は本来合理的な思考を有しており、儒教思想の興隆は合理主義的な歴史叙述、例えば新井白石の『読史余論』『古史通』などとして結実した。
- Confucianism is originally provided with rational thinking, and the state of Confucian thought being widely accepted produced descriptions of history based on something like rationalism: Tokushi Yoron (lessons from History) and Koshitsu (study book about ancient history), both of which were written by Hakuseki ARAI, are such examples.
- 近年は湖西道路や、京都市中心部から日ノ岡の下を通り山科区を南に縦断する京都市営地下鉄東西線が開通するなど更なる交通網の整備が進んだ。
- In recent years, the traffic network has further improved with the development of the Kosai Road and the opening of Kyoto Municipal Subway Tozai Line which runs from central Kyoto, passes through the foot of Hinooka, and traverses Yamashina Ward southward.
- それゆえに幽霊がよく現れる場所、つまり「心霊スポット」としてよく知られ、地元住民やここを通行する人々の間で様々な伝説が語られてきた。
- Therefore, the pass was thought of as a haunted area, or a 'ghostly place', and the local public and the passersby created various legends.
- 信澄殺害は、信澄の父・信勝がかつて信長に謀反を企てて殺されている事や彼が光秀の娘婿であった事から光秀と通じていると見なされた事による。
- Nobusumi was killed because he deemed to have a connection with Mitsuhide since his father, Nobukatsu had a plot to rebel against Nobunaga and he was killed and he was a son-in-law of Mitsuhide.
- 平安時代を通じて皇位継承の安定が大きな政治課題とされており、皇統を一条天皇系へ統一するという流れの中で、後三条が即位することとなった。
- Throughout the Heian period, the stabilization of imperial succession was considered to be a major political issue, and in the drive to unite the line of emperors to the descendants of Emperor Ichijo, Emperor Gosanjo succeeded to the throne.
- 三重交通が、4月1日から11月30日までの土休日と9月25日から11月30日までの平日に、名張駅から曽爾高原行きのバスを運行している。
- Mie Kotsu Co., Ltd. provides bus service from Nabari Station to Soni Plateau, on Saturdays and holidays from April 1 to November 30 and on weekdays from September 25 to November 30.
- 高野七口のひとつでもあったろくろ峠からは平坦な尾根沿いの林道を進み、薄峠(すすきとうげ)手前の切り通しから御殿川(おどがわ)へと下る。
- From Rokuro Pass which was one of Koya Nana-kuchi (seven gates of Mt. Koya), a flat forestry road extends along the ridge, and it descends from a dug way before Susuki Pass to Odo-gawa River.
- 当時の社会通念からして、天皇や将軍の代替わりには土地・物品が元の所有者へ返るべきとする思想が広く浸透しており、これを徳政と呼んでいた。
- Under the social conventions of the time, there was the prevalent idea that land or an article should be returned to the original owner concurrent with a change in the reign of the Emperor or the rule of the shogun; this idea was called tokusei (benevolent rule).
- 大名行列とは異なり、朝鮮通信使は正使や副使などの外交官の他に随行員には美しく着飾った小童や楽隊、文化人、医師、通訳などが加わっていた。
- Unlike daimyo processions, Chosen Tsushinshi included, in addition to diplomatic officers, such as the head or deputy head of the envoy, children and a marching band wearing beautiful dresses, men of culture, doctors and interpreters.
- 鎌倉時代以後、朝廷財政の衰微と荘園の拡大、交通の発達によって、内裏や寺社の修繕のために一定の通行料を取る関所が設置されるようになった。
- After the Kamakura Period, due to the decline of the Imperial Court's finance, expansion of shoen (manor in medieval Japan) and progress in transportation, checkpoints were set up to take certain tolls to help in the repair of the Imperial Palace, temples and shrines.
- これを知った尼子勢は毛利勢を食い止める為、末次城に尼子勝久を残して石見路から月山富田城に行く際に通る布部山で毛利を食い止める事とした。
- As the Amago army became aware of their movements, they decided to have Katsuhisa AMAGO stay at Suetsugu-jo Castle and stop Mori in Fubeyama, while they would go through and reach Gassantoda-jo Castle from Iwamiji Road.
- 湖西線下り線から分岐する緩勾配の側線は、勾配を緩和することで牽引定数を確保することで、重量のある列車が通過できるように設けられている。
- The gentle gradient sidetrack diverging from the westbound Kosei track secures a certain nominal hauling capacity by decreasing the gradient in order to enable heavy trains to pass through.
- これらの絵画史料から、館の前をたまたま通りがかった商人らが郎党に拉致され、武芸訓練として斬首される様子などをうかがい知ることができる。
- These pictorial materials include various scenes such as the decapitation of merchants, who were abducted by retainers after accidentally passing in front of the gate, on the pretext of military art training.
- 現在はその少し東を国道1号(枚方バイパス、京阪国道)が通っており、峠のすぐ北に 八幡洞ヶ峠交差点(山手幹線 (京都府)の交点)がある。
- Today, National Route 1 (Hirakata Bypass, Keihan-kokudo National Road) runs slightly east of the pass and Yawata-Horagatoge crossing (a crossing on Yamate Highway - Kyoto Prefecture) is located immediately north of the pass.
- これらを通じて、土地支配上の武士の立場は、荘官・下司として荘園領主に代わって荘園を管理するだけの立場から実質的な領主へと変化していった。
- In these conditions, the position of samurai regarding the control over land changed from being mere managers of shoen, tax collectors and subordinates to the rightful owners, to essentially supplanting the titular owners and assuming de facto control over the shoen.
- 禅宗は武家層にも広く広まり、武家の保護を受けた禅の五山が定められるなど仏教を通じて武家文化と貴族文化が融合するなど、室町文化に影響する。
- Zen Buddhism spread widely among the warrior class, and influenced the development of Muromachi culture vis-a-vis the decisions and so forth regarding Buddhism made by the Gozan temples--which were under the patronage of the military families--and thereby managed to combine warrior and aristocratic culture together.
- 2006年10月1日より、丹後海陸交通との協働により、実証実験として市内の一部地域にて「上限200円バス」を運行したところ好評であった。
- The '200-yen fare cap bus' in cooperation with Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd started to run on a trial basis on October 1, 2006, and it was highly evaluated.
- このほか、東側を並行する小町大路(現在の通称:辻説法通り、三浦道等)、同じく西側の今大路(同:今小路)が、南北線の基幹大路を成していた。
- In addition, streets running parallel in the east -- Komachi-oji street (today also known as Tsujiseppo dori (Preaching Street) and the Miura-do Street, etc)--and the IMAOJI (today also known as Imakoji) running west constituted the major north-to-south Oji.
- バス 近畿日本鉄道大和八木駅、西日本旅客鉄道五条駅 (奈良県)、JR新宮駅より奈良交通(八木新宮線、十津川線) - 「十津川温泉」停留所
- By bus: Take Nara Kotsu Bus Lines (Yagi-Shingu Route, Totsukawa Route) from Yamato-Yagi Station of the Kinki Nippon Railway Company, Gojo Station of the West Japan Railway Company (Nara Prefecture), or JR Singu Station and get off the bus at the bus stop, `Totsukawa Onsen Hot Spring.'
- 地上からの観測による情報は無いが、衛星画像による観測の解析から、ロシアの沿海州・樺太なども黄砂の通過ルートとなっていると考えられている。
- Although no ground-level data observed is available, it is considered, based on analyses of images observed with satellites, that Enkai shu (Russian maritime provinces) and Sakhalin in Russia also constitutes a kosa-passing route.
- いずれにせよ、受領は名田請負契約などを通じて富豪層を育成する存在であるとともに、富豪から規定の税を徴収しなければならない存在でもあった。
- At any rate, zuryo had to develop millionaires through the Myoden contract system and collect set taxes from them.
- 13日(5月2日)には政府の命令を受けた熊本藩兵が久留米城を接収して藩幹部を拘束(大楽は直前に逃亡)し、14日には愛宕通旭が捕縛された。
- On May 2, samurai of Kumamoto clan took over Kurume Castle and arrested top officials of the clan (Dairaku escaped in the last minute) under orders from the government, and Michiteru OTAGI was arrested on May 3.
- 平成8年(1996年)頃から、教育現場において、当時の文部省の指導で、日章旗(日の丸)の掲揚と同時に『君が代』の斉唱の通達が強化される。
- Since around 1996, in the field of education, under guidance by the Ministry of Education at that time, the instruction for the chorus reading of 'Kimigayo' together with raising of the Japanese (rising sun) flag (hinomaru) were strengthened.
- 戦後、高速道路の整備やトラック流通の興隆に伴って滋賀県の交通利便のよさが再注目されるようになり、近畿地方の流通拠点や工場の進出が進んだ。
- After the second World War, because of the maintenance of expressways and the rise of cargo truck transportation, the traffic convenience in Shiga attracted attention again, a lot of transportation bases for the Kinki region and factories were established.
- 戦後は、名神高速道路の京都東インターチェンジや五条バイパス(現在の国道1号線)、区内の京都外環状線、敦賀市へ向かう湖西線が開通している。
- After the war, the Kyoto Higashi Interchange of the Meishin Expressway, the Gojo By-pass, (present-day National Route 1), Kyoto Outer Loop Expressway, and the Kosai Line leading to Tsuruga, were constructed.
- その後、鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代を通し津軽十三湊を本拠地とし栄えたと言われるが、十三湊を支配した時期については諸説あり確定していない。
- Afterwards, the Ando clan is said to have been prosperous placing its home base in Tosaminato, Tsugaru Province through the time from the late Kamakura period to the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts, however, the period of time in which the clan was dominating Tosaminato can not be precisely determined because of various estimates.
- 続いて大久保は、副総裁・岩倉具視を通して、保守派にも受け入れられやすい親征のための一時的な大坂行幸を提案し、同年1月29日これが決定した。
- Okubo continued by going through the vice-president and Tomomi IWAKURA by making an easily acceptable proposal to the conservatives where the emperor would be punitively expedited to Osaka momentarily, and this proposal was settled on January 29, 1868.
- 広義の意味では室町時代から江戸時代にかけてのもの全部を指すが、一般に朝鮮通信使と記述する場合は狭義の意味の江戸時代のそれを指すことが多い。
- In a broader sense, the term of Chosen Tsushinshi is used for indicating all of the Korean envoys that came to Japan in the Muromachi period to the Edo period, but in a narrow sense, this term is used mostly for indicating those in the Edo period.
- 七道は京を中心にして四方にのびる幹線交通路(水路も含む)に沿った行政区分で、東海道・東山道・北陸道・山陰道・山陽道・南海道・西海道である。
- The shichido were administrative areas that followed the main roads (including water channels) which stretched away from the capital in all directions, and consisted of Tokaido, Tosando, Hokurikudo, Sanindo, Sanyodo, Nankaido and Saikaido.
- 現在は一般に、警察が被疑者を真犯人か否か検証するために目撃者に被疑者の面相を確認させる行為(面通し)を指す俗語として用いられることが多い。
- Currently in general, when the police endeavor to identify if a suspect is actually a criminal, eye-witnesses act to verify the identity of suspects; the colloquial term 'Kubi jikken' is widely used when referring to a 'line up.'
- 髪は普通時よりも高く結い上げ、髪を結うにははじめから水を付け、右から櫛をつかい、櫛の「みね」で立て、元結いを櫛で4度たたいて結いおさめる。
- The hair was drawn up into a topknot and arranged higher than usual and, to arrange the hair it was made wet from the outset; a comb was used from the right side and the hair made to stand up using the ridge of the comb; the arrangement of hair was completed when paper cord securing the topknot was tied in four places.
- 会所は人々に文芸の場と認識されていた、こうした視点から、「歌合」と「連歌」という二つの代表的な文芸を通して、会所のなりたちを見ていきたい。
- Kaisho started to be recognized as a place for cultural activities, and we would like to see the formation of Kaisho through this point of view and through the two representative cultural artworks of 'utaawase' (poetry contest) and 'renga' (linked poetry).
- 現地派遣の筆頭国司(受領)が前代より大幅に権限委譲された上で、富豪百姓層を通じて地域支配、税の徴収を行う王朝国家体制が10世紀に確立した。
- As a result a system of the dynasty state was established in the 10th century, in which the heads of the provincial governors (Zuryo) who had been sent to each region received much stronger empowerment than their previous generation and ruled the region and collected tax through the rich peasants.
- 前述のように、実際には外戚の豊臣氏族(高台院側の血筋である木下家)が健在であったので、豊臣氏自体は江戸時代を通じて大名として存続している。
- As mentioned above, the Toyotomi clan of the maternal relative lineage (the Kinoshita family line of the Kodaiin side) was not destroyed and the Toyotomi clan itself, therefore, continued through the Edo period as a daimyo.
- 朝鮮通信使・・・足利義満からの使者と国書に対する返礼で1375年に足利義満に対して信(よしみ)を通わす使者として派遣されたのが始まりである。
- Embassies from Korea: after an envoy and royal missive was sent to Korea by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, a reply was dispatched to Yoshimitsu via an emissary from Shin (Yoshimi) in 1375, thereby opening official communications.
- バス 近畿日本鉄道大和八木駅、西日本旅客鉄道五条駅 (奈良県)、JR新宮駅より奈良交通(八木新宮線、十津川線) - 「十津川村役場前」停留所
- By bus: Take Nara Kotsu Bus Lines (Yagi-Shingu Route, Totsukawa Route) from Yamato-Yagi Station of the Kinki Nippon Railway Company, Gojo Station of the West Japan Railway Company, or JR Singu Station, and get off the bus at the bus stop, `Totsukawa-mura Office.'
- 状況を打開するため、島津義弘は配下の長束正家に伏見城内にいた甲賀衆の妻子一族を捕縛させ、内通しなければ家族を磔にすると脅迫することを命じた。
- To bring an end to this situation, Yoshihiro SHIMAZU had his subordinate, Masaie NAGATSUKA, round up the wives and children of the Koga group in the castle and ordered him to threaten the Koga group by saying that they would crucify the wives and children unless they surrendered the castle.
- 武士の概念は時代により微妙に変化しており、一言では言い表すには難しいが、各時代でも共通しているのは武装した私兵集団の構成員だという点である。
- The concept of bushi slightly varies depending on the periods and it is difficult to express it in one word, but the common theme through the periods is that they were members of a private army group of armed fighters.
- 同時に由良川に架かる橋であった音無瀬橋も2度流され、その費用補填のために大人4厘、子供2厘、牛馬は5厘という通行料を徴収したほどでもあった。
- Since the Otonase-bashi Bridge over the Yura-gawa River was also washed away twice, tolls of four rin (rin is an old auxiliary currency used until 1953; one rin is equivalent to 0.001 yen) for adults, two rin for children and five rin for cattle were collected to make up for the cost of repairs.
- かつての福知山は川を利用した水運による流通が盛んで、由良川沿いには港を意味する「津」が付く「天津、高津江、常津」などの地名が数多く存在する。
- Distribution using water transportation via a river used to be popular in Fukuchiyama, and there are many place names including 'tsu' or 'zu' which refer to ports, such as 'Amazu, Takatsue and Tsunezu,' along the Yura-gawa River.
- 丘陵地が平野に近く迫り、そのふもとに桂川 (淀川水系)と宇治川、木津川 (京都府)の合流点が位置するため、山崎は古来から交通の要地であった。
- Yamazaki has been a focal point for transportation since ancient times because the confluence of the Katsura-gawa (Yodo-gawa River system), Uji-gawa as well as Kizu-gawa Rivers are located at the foot of the hillside stretching deep into the plain.
- 2003年9月以降は樟葉駅に特急が停車するようになり、八幡市駅を通る急行が大幅減少したため、現在事実上の八幡市の玄関駅は樟葉駅になっている。
- Since special express trains started to stop in Kuzuha Station in September 2003, the number of express trains that stop at Yawatashi Station greatly decreased; Kuzuha Station, in effect, serves as the main entrance of Yawata City.
- まもなく5000石を分家に分与して50,000石の三春藩主として江戸時代を通じ大名として存続し、明治維新に及び華族に列し、子爵を授けられた。
- Shortly after that, it became the lord of the Miharu Domain of 50,000 koku, after having shared a stipend of 5,000 koku to its branch families, and survived all through the Edo period as a daimyo, and in the Meiji Restoration, it became as a member of the peerage and conferred the title of viscount.
- 湖西には、大津から若狭国へ向かう西近江路や若狭街道、京都から琵琶湖などを経て今庄町から北陸道につながる北国街道などの各種交通路が整備された。
- Various transport routes were constructed to the west of the lake, such as the Nishi-omi-ji Road and the Wakasa Kaido Road stretching from Otsu to Wakasa Province, and the Hokkoku Kaido Road linking Kyoto and, via Lake Biwa, Imajo-cho, where the road connected to the Hokurikudo Road.
- 因みに警備を担当した宮門は、氏族名から「佐伯門」と名付けられたが、平安宮では唐風文化の影響から、「さへき」に音通する「藻壁門」と改められた。
- The Imperial Palace's gates at which the Saeki clan had served was named 'Saeki-mon' (Saeki Gate) after their surname, however, because Tang culture was the latest trend, Saeki-mon (佐伯門 pronounced as 'safeki-mon' in those days and 'safeki' was Japanese word) of Heian-kyu Palace which was built much later was changed to Soheki-mon (藻壁門 pronounced as 'saufeki-mon' in those days and 'saufeki' was the then Chinese pronunciation) which sound was very similar to Saeki-mon.
- 市の東側を南北に沿って流れる木津川 (京都府)と、西側の生駒山系に挟まれており、中心部を西日本旅客鉄道片町線・近畿日本鉄道近鉄京都線が通る。
- The city is in between the Kizu River to the east, which runs north-south, and the Ikoma mountains to the west; and the West Japan Railway Katamachi Line and the Kintetsu Kyoto Line run through the middle of the city.
- 1443年(嘉吉3年)には南朝の遺臣や日野氏一族が御所に乱入し南朝皇族の通蔵主・金蔵主兄弟をかついで神璽・宝剣を一時奪還する禁闕の変が起きる。
- In 1443, in what became known as the Kinketsu Incident (the incident at the Forbidden Palace) some of the surviving Southern Court former retainers, along with the entire household of the Hino clan, broke in to the Imperial Palace where they stole two of the Three Imperial Regalia of Japan, the Ama-no Murakumo no Tsurugi (the heavenly cloud gathering sword) and the Yasakani no Magatama (the Grand Jewels) before fleeing with Tsuzosu and Gonzosu, brothers of the Southern Court lineage.
- 1788年(天明8年)に公家の中山愛親らが幕府に通達すると、老中松平定信は皇位についていない人間に皇号を贈るのは先例の無い事態として反対する。
- In 1788, when court nobles, including Naruchika NAKAYAMA, notified the Bakufu about the situation, Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, the Shogun's councilor, opposed it as an unprecedented case of providing the imperial title to a person who had not ascended to the imperial throne.
- 久光は大久保利通等を遣わしこの騒ぎを抑えようと試みたが失敗したため、彼らの同志である尊王派藩士を派遣して藩邸に呼び戻し、自ら説得しようとした。
- Hisamitsu attempted to suppress this disturbance by sending Toshimichi OKUBO, who failed; then, he sent retainers from the royalists, comrades of the rebels, to bring them to the domain residence, so that he himself could dissuade them from partaking in the raid.
- 『平家物語』によれば知盛は通常は安徳天皇や平氏本営が置かれる大型の唐船に兵を潜ませて鎌倉方の兵船を引き寄せたところを包囲する作戦を立てていた。
- According to the 'Heike monogatari,' Tomomori hid soldiers on the large Chinese ship that was normally the Taira flagship, and where Emperor Antoku usually was, as part of a stratagem to lure the Kamakura warships in and surround them.
- 安和の変後、冷泉天皇・円融天皇両天皇の外戚であった藤原師輔の子である藤原兼通・藤原兼家兄弟が摂関の座を争って互いにその出世を妨害しようとした。
- After the Anna Incident, FUJIWARA no Kanemichi and his brother FUJIWARA no Kaneie, the sons of FUJIWARA no Morosuke, a maternal relative of both Emperors Reizei and Enyu, competed for the posts of regent and chancellor, and each tried to prevent the other's promotion.
- 信頼と提携関係にあった摂関家の藤原忠通・基実父子も参入したことで、清盛は一気に官軍としての体裁を整えるに至り、信頼・義朝の追討宣旨が下された。
- Even FUJIWARA no Tadamichi and his son Motozane, both of the elite Fujiwara branch that produced regents and advisors and with whom Nobuyori had been close, joined the counter-rebellion at Rokuhara, meaning that Kiyomori had achieved, in a stroke, total legitimacy for his army, and soon his forces received an imperial order to hunt down and destroy Nobuyori and Yoshitomo.
- 『めぐり』の商人たちは5月14日に大坂を出立し、高野山から小辺路をへて熊野に入り、本宮・新宮・那智を巡拝し、中辺路を通って大坂へ帰着している。
- According to 'Meguri,' the merchants including the writer left Osaka on May 14, walked Kohechi from Mt. Koya to Kumano to visit Hongu-taisha Shrine, Shingu Shrine and Nachi-taisha Shrine, and used Nakahechi to return to Osaka.
- 2000年 京都駅前に大学のまち交流センター(通称キャンパスプラザ京都)完成、財団事務局を移転する 京都学生映画祭、芸術系大学作品展を開始する
- 2000: College-Town Exchange Center (Campus Plaza Kyoto) was built in front of Kyoto Station, and the head office of the foundation was moved there.
- 特急「はしだて (列車)」・「たんば (列車)」・「きのさき (列車)」- 綾部駅で舞鶴線普通列車に乗換(東舞鶴駅まで所要約1時間40分程度)
- Limited express 'Hashidate,' 'Tanba' or 'Kinosaki,' which then changes to the local Maizuru Line at Ayabe station (Approximately 1:40 to Higashi-Maizuru station)
- 四条通より南側に続く通り(下京区)を先斗町と呼んでも理解されるが、正しくは西石垣通(さいせきどおり)という別の名前があり、繁華街が続いている。
- Even if a street (Shimogyo Ward) running from Shijo-dori Street to the southern part is called Ponto-cho, most people can recognize the name, but, the street has another official name: Saiseki-dori Street, and the entertainment district lies along the street.
- 奈良交通バス五條西吉野線(五新線用地)賀名生バス停下車、または奈良交通南紀営業所八木新宮線(十津川・本宮いでゆライン)賀名生和田北口バス停下車。
- If using Gojo Nishi-yoshino Line (site of Goshin Line) of Nara Kotsu Bus Lines Co. Ltd., get off at Ano Bus Stop; or if using Yagi-Shingu Route (Totsu-kawa River/Motomiya Ideyu Line) of Nanki Office, Nara Kotsu Bus Lines Co., Ltd., get off at Ano Wada North Exit Bus Stop.
- だが、兼通の上位には左大臣源兼明と右大臣藤原頼忠(後の関白)がおり、兼通はその次の席次であった上に、兼明は一上として太政官の実権を掌握していた。
- However, MINAMOTO no Kaneakira, the minister of the left, and FUJIWARA no Yoritada, the minister of the right (later a chancellor), has ranks higher than Kanemichi, and Kaneakira secured the real power of the Great Council of State as ichinokami (the ranking Council Member).
- 古墳時代から飛鳥時代にかけて、二上山周辺は、海上の交通の要所、大阪湾・住吉津・難波津から、政治の中心の舞台である飛鳥地方への重要ルートとなった。
- There were important routes from hinges of marine traffic such as Osaka Bay, Suminoe no tsu (Suminoe Port) and Naniwa no tsu (Naniwa Port) to Asuka region, the center of politics, on the periphery of Mt. Nijo from the Kofun period (tumulus period) to the Asuka period.
- 江戸時代を通じて公対民の年貢率は一貫して下がる傾向があり(特に幕府直轄地において)逃散はそれほど深刻な問題とはならなくなっていったと考えられる。
- Since public versus private land tax tended to fall consistently throughout the Edo period (especially in government-ruled areas), it is thought that chosan was no longer serious issue.
- 朝鮮通信使を模したもので、今日にも伝わる著名なものとして唐人おどり(鈴鹿市東玉垣町、津市分部町)、唐子おどり(岡山県瀬戸内市牛窓)の3件がある。
- The three Tojin (Chinese) dances handed down, each in Higashi Tamagaki-cho, Suzuka City, in Wakebe-cho, Tsu City, or in Ushimado, Setouchi City, Okayama Prefecture, are famous for imitating Chosen Tsushinshi.
- 三好勢の攻撃に対し、わずかな人数でよく持ちこたえたものの、昼頃には義輝が討死し、生母の慶寿院(近衛尚通の娘で12代将軍足利義晴正室)も殉死した。
- Although they fought the Miyoshi troops well despite heavy odds, Yoshiteru died in battle by noon, and his real mother Keijuin (a daughter of Hisamichi KONOE and legitimate wife of Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, the 12th Shogun) killed herself, following her son to the grave.
- 札幌市北区にある屯田 (札幌市北区)(とんでん)、中央区 (札幌市)山鼻の東屯田通駅、西屯田通は、屯田兵が駐屯したことから付けられた地名である。
- Tonden in Kita Ward, Sapporo City, Higashi Tonden-dori Station and Nishi Tonden-dori Street in Yamahana, Chuo Ward, Sapporo City were place names because tonden soldiers stayed there.
- 17世紀にはいると嵐山の豪商であり政商の角倉了以が桂川を開削し、現在の丹波町与木村から下流の淀や大坂まで通じることになったため、船運が発達した。
- In the 17th century, a wealthy merchant with political ties, Ryoi SUMINOKURA, built a canal from the Katsura-gawa River to connect the present-day Yogi-mura (与木村) in Tanba-cho, and Yodo and Osaka; consequently, water transportation developed.
- また、古くから水上交通路としても利用されており、明治時代に鉄道が開通するまでは、京都市・大阪市から東山道・北陸地方への物資輸送に利用されていた。
- Moreover, the lake has been used for water transport since ancient times, and until the railroad opened in the Meiji period it had been used to carry goods from Kyoto City and Osaka City to Tosando and the Hokuriku region.
- 琵琶湖が淀川となって大阪湾に流れる位置から、京都が首都だった時代には、若狭湾で陸揚げされた物資が、琵琶湖の湖上交通で京都や大坂に輸送されていた。
- Goods unloaded at the ports in Wakasa Bay were transported via Lake Biwa to Kyoto and Osaka from the point where the river from Lake Biwa running to Osaka Bay became the Yodo-gawa River during those periods when Kyoto was the capital.
- なお、東海道から京街道に入る場合は三条大橋は通らず髭茶屋追分(大津市追分町)で南西に折れるルート(大津街道)をとるため、大津宿の次は伏見宿となる。
- Furthermore, when entering the Kyokaido Road from the Tokaido Road, Sanjo-Ohashi Bridge will not be crossed, and the route taken will turn southwest at Higechaya-oiwake (髭茶屋追分) (Oiwake-cho, Otsu City), so the station following Otsu-juku Station will be Fushimi-juku Station.
- さらに東西線の基幹大路としては、北側(山側)から順に、三の鳥居前の横大路、下馬四つ角を通る大町大路(同:由比が浜通り、大町通り、名越道等があった。
- Furthermore, the major east-to-west Oji included, from the north (mountain side), the Yokooji running in front of San no Torii, the Omachi-oji (today also known as the Yuigahama-dori Street, the Omachi-dori Street, and the Nagoe-do Street, etc) passing through Geba Yotsukado.
- 福原京(ふくはらきょう)は、平安時代末期の治承4年(1180年)、計画のみに終った和田京に続いて、平清盛の主導で造営が進められた日本の首都の通称。
- Fukuhara-kyo is the name of a capital city which TAIRA no Kiyomori wanted to establish and promoted after a plan to build Wada-kyo had ended in failure 1180 (towards the end of Heian period).
- (※)一部の藩(薩摩藩など)においては全江戸期を通じて農民に対する厳しい収奪が行われ、中農、富農が成立する条件は成立しなかったとされることもある。
- * In some domains (such as the Satsuma Domain), the harsh exploitation of farmers throughout the entire Edo period meant that the conditions under which middle-class or wealthy farmers could become established never emerged.
- 1967年(昭和42年)に制定された福岡市の市章も同様の理由でカタカナの「フ」を九つ並べて図案化されており、その点に関しては共通点があるといえる。
- The city emblem of Fukuoka established in 1967 was also designed by laying the nine katakana characters of 'Fu' side by side, therefore the two cities have this point in common.
- また、大阪市への通勤では近鉄京都線に乗り、新田辺駅(京田辺市)から徒歩連絡するJR片町線(京田辺駅)の快速電車に乗り換えて大阪市へ向かう客も多い。
- Additionally, many commuters to Osaka City take the Kintetsu Kyoto Line, connecting on foot from Shin-tanabe Station (Kyotanabe City) to Kyotanabe Station to take a rapid train on the JR Katamachi Line to Osaka City.
- 登山も盛んで、代表的な登山口としては京都市左京区修学院から登る雲母坂、滋賀県側の門前町・坂本 (大津市)から無動寺谷を通って登る登山道などがある。
- Hiking is popular, and a famous trail begins at Shugakuin in Sakyo Ward of Kyoto City and goes up Kirarazaka hill; another one on the Shiga Prefecture side begins in Monzenmachi, Sakamoto (Otsu City), and goes up through Mudojidani valley.
- この二箇所から上がった火で京都市街は「どんどん焼け」と呼ばれる大火に見舞われ、北は一条通から南は七条の真宗本廟に至る広い範囲の街区や社寺が焼失した。
- Because of the flames rising from these two places the neighborhoods and the entire city of Kyoto were struck by the great fire known as the 'don-don yake' (quick quick burning), in which everything between Ichijo avenue on the north all the way to the Main Mausoleum of the Shin (Pure Land) Sect (which refers to Higashi Hongan-ji temple) on Shichijo avenue to the south, a wide swath of land and many temples and shrines, were destroyed by fire.
- 東海道五十三次(とうかいどうごじゅうさんつぎ)は、江戸時代に整備された五畿七道のうち、東海道を通る幹線道路(街道)「東海道」にある53の宿場を指す。
- The '53 stations' of the Tokaido Road refers to 53 stations in 'Tokaido Road,' which is the major road running through the Tokaido region and is among five provinces and seven circuits(Gokishichido).
- 現在もそれらを踏襲する名神高速道路・新名神高速道路・北陸自動車道・国道1号・国道8号・国道21号や東海道新幹線・東海道本線・草津線・北陸本線が通る。
- Roads and railways that have adhered to the roads mentioned above go through the area: Meishin Expressway, Shin Meishin Expressway, Hokuriku Expressway, Route 1, Route 8, and Route 21, and Tokaido Shinkansen, JR Tokaido Main Line, JR Kusatsu Line, and Hokuriku Main Line.
- 高野山(和歌山県伊都郡高野町)を出発した小辺路はすぐに奈良県に入り、吉野郡野迫川村・十津川村を通って柳本(十津川村)付近で十津川(熊野川)に出会う。
- Kohechi starts at Mt. Koya (Koya-cho, Ito County, Wakayama Prefecture), soon enters Nara Prefecture, passes through Nosegawa Village (Yoshino County) and Totsukawa Village, and at near Yagimoto (Totsukawa Village), reaches Totsu-kawa River (Kumano-gawa River).
- こうした中、対馬藩の努力によって1607年(慶長12年)、江戸時代はじめての通信使が幕府に派遣され6月29日(5月6日 (旧暦))、家康に謁見した。
- Meanwhile, the first Tsushinshi in the Edo period was sent to the bakufu due to efforts of the Tsushima Domain and had an audience with Ieyasu on June 29, 1607.
- 姦通が表沙汰になった際の女敵討は武士にとっては義務であったが、たとえ達成しても名誉にはならないため、表沙汰にせずに内々で示談にするケースも多かった。
- Megatakiuchi was the duty of a samurai once the adultery came to light, but since it did no one any great credit even when Megatakiuchi was achieved, such cases were often settled in private without being made public.
- 上述の『朝鮮通信使小童図』には馬に乗った小童に町人が揮毫(現代で言えばサイン)を求める様が描かれており、随行員には庶民が簡単に接触できたようである。
- 'Pictures of Children in Chosen Tsushinshi' included the scene in which a person in a town sought kigo (signing in the present days) for a child who rode a horse, showing that the general public were easily accessible to persons in the envoy.
- 大宰大弐を務めた時は日宋貿易に深く関与し、安芸守・播磨守を務めた時は瀬戸内海の海賊を伊勢平氏勢力下の水軍に編成して瀬戸内海交通の支配を強めていった。
- He was deeply involved in Japan-Song trade when he was Dazai no daini (the next seat position of Dazaifu), and he organized the pirates in the Seto Inland Sea as a naval force under the Ise Heishi (Taira clan) when he was governor of the Aki and Harima Provinces and strengthened his control over Seto Inland Sea transportation.
- このように、平氏政権は従来の貴族政権と異なり、武力に大きな基盤を有していたことが明らかとなり、学界では日本最初の武家政権とするのが通説となっている。
- This is why the Taira clan administration differs from previous aristocratic governments and it is clear that its main foundation was military power, and the academic field normally considers it as the first bushi government in Japan.
- 明治維新後も、東海道本線(琵琶湖線)や京阪京津線、国道1号、東海道新幹線、名神高速道路などの鉄道・道路交通が日本国内でも比較的早期に整備されている。
- After Meiji Restoration, railways and roads were built relatively in earlier days than other parts of Japan, including Tokaido Main Line (Biwako Line), Keihan Keishin Line, National Route 1, Tokaido Shinkansen and Meishin Expressway.
- 近世には、二条通り以北を上京、以南を下京と称し、上京には「上京十二組」「禁裏六丁組」、下京には「下京八組」という町組(ちょうぐみ)が組織されていた。
- In the early modern Kyoto, the area north of Nijo-dori Street was referred to as Kamigyo, and the area south of Nijo-dori Street was referred to as Shimogyo; and chogumi (town society) called 'Twelve town societies of Kamigyo' and 'Kinri Rokucho town society' were formed in Kamigyo, and 'Eight town societies of Shimogyo' were formed in Shimogyo.
- だがこの間、摂関家では頼通とその後を継いで関白となった藤原教通(頼通の同腹弟)が確執を起こして、天皇に対して具体的な対抗手段を取れる状況ではなかった。
- In the regent's house, however, Yorimichi and FUJIWARA no Norimichi (Yorimichi's brother by the same mother), who took over the post of chancellor after him, were in conflict during this period and they were not in any condition to take any concrete measures against the emperor.
- こうして成立した年貢は、その後の中世・近世を通じて、支配層の主要な財源として位置づけられ、被支配層にとっては年貢を負担する義務が課され続けたのである。
- Through the medieval period and early-modern times, the nengu was the principal financial resource for the ruling class, which the ordinary population continued to bear its burden.
- 江戸期の日朝交流は豊臣秀吉による文禄・慶長の役の後、断絶していた李氏朝鮮との国交を回復すべく、日本側から朝鮮側に通信使の派遣を打診したことにはじまる。
- Diplomatic relations between Japan and Korea remained broken after the Bunroku-Keicho War, and entering the Edo period, the first action the Japan side took for restoring diplomatic relations with Yi Dynasty Korea was to sound the Korean side to send Tsushinshi.
- さらに対立する村落間の紛争もしばしば自らの保有する武力によって解決され、村落ごとに高地に城砦を備え、また成員が戦闘訓練を受けていることも通例であった。
- Disputes (trouble) between conflicting rural communities were also settled by their own military power and it was usually the case that each community built fortresses at high altitudes and all members had combat training.
- その後、両説を折衷する見解や地域差・民族問題などと関連付けて両説の並立の可能性を探る見解も出されているが、通説の確立には程遠い状況にあるとされている。
- Later, the viewpoint eclectically mixing both of the two theories and the viewpoint seeking the possibility of the compatibility between them linking with the regional differences, ethnic problems and so on was proposed, but it is far from establishment as a commonly accepted theory.
- 一方、江戸後期には幕藩体制の矛盾と対外緊張の高まりの中、庶民の間でも歴史への関心が広がり、『日本外史』『皇朝史略』など通俗的な歴史書が多く出版された。
- On the other hand, during the latter half of the Edo period, as the bakufu-domain system became unmatched with needs at that time and pressure from foreign nations had heightened, interests for history had increased among general public as well, and many popular histories, such as 'Nihon Gaishi' (historical book on Japan) and 'Kochoshiryaku' (brief history book about emperors from Jinmu to Gokomatsu), were published.
- 江戸時代を通じて戦争がなかったことと、大半の藩主家が領主の交代を経験しており、(石高は別として)土地自体への執着が薄かったことが理由として挙げられる。
- Reasons for this were that there were no wars during the Edo period and that most clan families experienced the transfer of landownership, and other than Kokudaka (a system for determining land value for tribute purposes in the Edo period), there was little attachment to the land itself.
- 律令法は、奈良・平安両時代を通じて国家の基本法であることに変りはなかったが、 10世紀の『延喜式』の制定公布の時代前後を境として、重要な変化がみられた。
- Ritsuryo law remained the basic national law throughout the Nara and Heian periods, but important changes occurred around the time when 'Engishiki' (a book of laws and regulations compiled during the Engi era) was established and issued in the tenth century.
- 宮津藩京極家は改易、丹後田辺藩京極家は但馬へ転封となる中、峰山藩京極家は丹後の所領を幕末まで守り通し、京極高知の丹後藩の伝統を伝える存在として知られた。
- While the Kyogoku clan of the Miyazu Domain was punished by being deprived of their fief and the Kyogoku clan of the Tanabe Domain of Tango Province was transferred to Tajima, the Kyogoku clan of the Mineyama Domain kept their territory until the end of the Edo period, and passed down the tradition of the Tango Domain established by Takatomo KYOGOKU.
- 一方の東部(草津市・彦根市・米原市・長浜市など)は畿内と東国・北国を結ぶ要地であり、律令制には東山道、江戸時代には東海道・中山道・北国街道が通っていた。
- On the other hand, the eastern part (Kusatsu, Hikone, Maibara, Nagahama Cities) is a key area which connects 'Kinai' and eatstern and nothern regions of Japan; in the days of the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) Tosando ran there and in the Edo period, Tokaido, Nakasendo, and Hokkoku Kaido Road went through the area.
- 第二に親書に記載される年紀の表記を干支から日本の年号に変更するということ、第三に使者の名称を朝鮮側が回答使兼刷還使から通信使に変更するというものである。
- The second point was to use Japanese-style year names instead of the Oriental zodiac in letters of each sovereign, and the third was that the Korean side should change the name of the envoy from Kaitoshi-ken-sakkanshi to Tsushinshi.
- 前述のように朝鮮通信使は主として将軍家を祝賀するためにやってきた国使であり、中国皇帝に対する朝貢使節と同様の役割、すなわち将軍の権威の誇示に利用された。
- As described above, Chosen Tsushinshi was a national envoy that came to Japan to make congratulations to the shogun family, and was provided with the same role as an envoy to bring tributes to a Chinese emperor or was used for showing the prestige of shogun.
- このため、鎌倉期以前の荘園では、住居がまばらに点在する散村が通常であったが、室町期に入ると、民衆が自己防衛のため村落単位で団結する傾向が強まっていった。
- For this reason, in the shoen before the Kamakura period, the dispersed rural settlements where the houses were sparsely scattered were normal, but in the Muromachi period the common people increasingly tended to consolidate as a village unit for self-defense.
- ただし、武装集団である武士社会の行動原理に、現代社会ではヤクザなどの暴力団組織に特徴的に認められる行動原理が無視できないほど共通しているのも確かである。
- It is certain that the behavioral principle of bushi society, which were an armed group, is significantly similar to the behavioral principle which is characteristically seen in a gangster organization like yakuza and so on in modern society.
- (新市街地の問屋町や厚中問屋町は1975年(昭和50年)に行われた区画整理で新しくできた地名であるが、こちらは文字通り多数の卸売業者が軒を連ねている。)
- (The Tonya-machi and Atsunakatonya-machi in the new urban area were newly named during the land readjustment in 1975, and many wholesalers (tonya) still stand side by side as exemplified by the name.)
- 旧福知山市内には地名(字・小字)、自治会名、通称など複数の街区名が存在し、なおかつ自治会名は必ずしも別名称の街区の範囲と一致しないため非常に複雑である。
- In Old Fukuchiyama City, there are two or more block names such as place names (Aza and Koaza), names of residents' associations, commonly-called names, etc., and the name of residents' association do not always correspond to the name of the city blocks, making the area very confusing.
- 湖上を介した水運は陸上交通の発達によって斜陽となったが、高度経済成長期には琵琶湖から運河を掘削して日本海や太平洋・瀬戸内海を結ぶ運河構想が持ち上がった。
- Water transport via the lake declined due to the development of road transport, but the plan to build canals from Lake Biwa to the Sea of Japan, the Pacific Ocean and the Seto Inland Sea were conceived during a period of high economic growth.
- 後醍醐に仕えたのは、学問や芸能、信仰などを通じて後醍醐と個人的なつながりのあった者や、新たに名家の家柄への上昇を目指す低い家格の家系の出身者が中心だった。
- Those who worked for Godaigo were people who had a personal relationship with him through study, arts, religion, etc., and were mainly people who were descended from lower class families who wanted their family lines to become premier lineages.
- 殿原衆は堅田の水上交通に従事して堅田船と呼ばれる船団を保有して、時には海賊行為を行って他の琵琶湖沿岸都市を牽制しつつ、堅田衆の指導的な地位を確保していた。
- Tonobara-shu were engaged in water transportation: they owned their fleet called Katata-sen (a group of ships in Katata) and maintained Katata-shu's leading position by checking other areas surrounding the lake and sometimes even by pirating.
- なお、正徳の次に来日した享保度の通信使の際には徳川吉宗は名分論には深入りせず、再び大君に復し、待遇も祖法遵守を理由に全面的に天和 (日本)度に戻している。
- When Tsushinshi came to Japan in the Kyoho era (1716 - 1736) after the one in the Shotoku era, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA restored the use of Tycoon, without getting involved in the positioning-of-shogun problem, and also totally restored the treatment of the envoy for the reason that the original rules should be followed.
- 韓国で同国の農村振興庁が黄砂を採取して行った検査では、地域差があるものの、細菌の濃度が通常の大気の7 - 22倍、カビの濃度が15 - 26倍と高かった。
- An investigation conducted by the Rural Development Administration of South Korea for sampled kosa showed that, although depending on the area, the samples included bacteria with a density of 7 to 22 times more than that of the ordinary air and mold with a density of 15 to 26 times that of the ordinary air.
- また一説には、友好使節のはずの朝鮮通信使が、当時の朝鮮人と日本人の間の文化の違いからかえって偏見を生み、のちの征韓論や韓国併合に繋がったとする考えがある。
- There is another view of considering that the Chosen Tsushinshi, which should come for friendly purpose, bore distorted views due to cultural differences between the Japanese and the Korean at that time, leading to Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea) and the annexation of Korea in later years.
- そのため、天皇は三条西実世(大納言)と中院通勝(中納言)、烏丸光広(近衛府内部官職)の三人を勅使として田辺城の東西両軍に派遣し、勅命講和を命じたのである。
- For this reason, the Emperor sent Saneyo SANJONISHI (Chief Councillor of State), Michikatsu NAKANOIN (Vice-councillor of State) and Mitsuhiro KARASUMARU (Konoefu naibukanshoku (a post guarding inside the palace and imperial families)) as Imperial messengers to both the eastern army and western army at Tanabe-jo Castle in order to propose a royal peace command.
- 永正16年(1519年)に発生した越水城の戦いを巡る当時の近衛尚通の日記『後法成寺関白記』と鷲尾隆康の日記『二水記』を比較すると両者の違いが明らかとなる。
- The difference between them becomes clear if you compare Hisamichi KONOE's diary, 'Gohojoji Kanpaku Ki)' and Takayasu WASHIO's diary, 'Nisui Ki' with respect to the Battle of Koshimizu-jo Castle that occurred in 1519.
- 通称「かしの木台」で呼ばれる地域には「岩井新町」「荒河」が含まれ、その組合わせ名で住所が表記されることがあり、更に自治会名「かしの木台○丁目」も存在する。
- Since the area commonly called 'Kashinokidai' includes 'Iwaishinmachi' and 'Arakawa,' the address is indicated in combination, and a residents' association named 'x-chome, Kashinokidai' also exists.)
- もともとは同じ加佐郡あり、丹後田辺藩・舞鶴県と属していた舞鶴との結びつきが強かったが、北近畿タンゴ鉄道宮福線などが開通し、今では福知山とのつながりが強い。
- The area of Oe-cho originally had close ties to Maizuru because they both belonged to the Tanabe Domain in Tango Province, Maizuru Prefecture, and then Kasa-gun; since the Miyafuku Line of the Kitakinki Tango Railway opened, however, the area now has closer ties to Fukuchiyama today.
- 華族制度の策定にあたった伊藤博文は『公卿』、広沢真臣・大久保利通・副島種臣は『貴族』、岩倉具視は『勲家』・『名族』・『公族』・『卿家』等の案を持っていた。
- The persons who were engaged in compiling the kazoku system had their own idea for the title of the class: Hirobumi ITO suggested 'Kugyo' (compound of 'Ko' and 'Kei' which originally meaning the top court officials); Saneomi HIROSAWA, Toshimichi OKUBO, and Taneomi SOEJIMA suggested 'kizoku' (originally meaning nobles); and Tomomi IWAKURA suggested 'kunke' (families that contributed to the nation greatly), 'meizoku' (noble families), 'kozoku' (families of 'Ko') and 'gyoke' (families of 'Kei').
- その後、羽柴軍は秀政を近江への交通路遮断と光秀捜索に派遣し、14日には光秀の後詰のために急遽出兵した明智秀満隊を堀隊が打出の浜(大津市)で迎え撃ち撃破した。
- After that, Hashiba's forces sent Hidemasa to intercept the traffic to Omi and search for Mitsuhide, and Hori's corps on June 14 met and defeated Hidemitsu AKECHI's corps, having been hurriedly dispatched to back up Mitsuhide, at Uchide no hama (Uchide Beach) (in Otsu City).
- 市役所、警察署、消防署、郵便局(2002年7月1日から)、奈良交通(五條バスセンター、ほかバス停留所名)、町名の五條1~4丁目、小中高校名、インターチェンジ
- City Hall, police stations, fire stations, post offices (from July 1, 2002), Nara Kotsu Bus Lines (Gojo Bus Center and other bus stop names), town names of 1 to 4-chome, Gojo, names of elementary, junior high and high schools and interchanges.
- 通説的には惣領制が崩壊し、庶子家が独自の動きを取り始めると一族一揆を結ぶことで庶子家との繋がりを維持したが、やがて地縁による国人一揆へと発展したと言われる。
- It is commonly accepted that when the Soryo system (a system in which the eldest son would succeed as head of the family) collapsed, the branch families began to act independently from the main line of the house, which led to them maintaining relationships with other branch families by forming ichizoku ikki (family ikki) with them, and this is said to have developed into the forming of kokujin ikki based on territorial connections.
- 特急「北近畿 (列車)」・「タンゴエクスプローラー」・「文殊 (列車)」 - 福知山駅で舞鶴方面行き普通列車などに乗換(東舞鶴駅まで所要約2時間10分程度)
- Limited express 'Kitakinki,' 'Tango Explorer' or 'Monju,' which then changes to the local line in the Maizuru direction at Fukuchiyama station (Approximately 2:10 to Higashi-Maizuru station).
- 酒の名所である為に利用し遊びに来る人が多く、また、宇治川に近く、交通便の良い中書島は遊廓であると同時に花街でもあり、祇園甲部に凌ぐほどの名妓を輩出してきた。
- Since it was famous for sake, many people visited and made use of the yukaku there, and being close to the Uji-gawa River with good transportation facilities, Chushojima was both a yukaku and Hanamachi (geisha districts in Kyoto) and produced many famous geishas, almost exceeding Gion Kobu district.
- 慶応3年末、薩摩藩の大久保利通や公家の岩倉具視らの働きで発せられた王政復古 (日本)により、大阪に退いていた前徳川将軍家・徳川慶喜に対し辞官納地が命ぜられた。
- At the end of 1867, jikan-nochi (resignation from the government post and retrocession of the domain) was ordered against Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA of the former Tokugawa Shogunate family, who had retreated to Osaka due to the restoration of Imperial rule (in Japan), was initiated by Toshimichi OKUBO of the Satsuma domain and the court noble, Tomomi IWAKURA.
- 松島では原典通り東から「松島、天橋立、厳島」、厳島では西から「厳島、天橋立、松島」、天橋立では「天橋立、松島、厳島」と、それぞれ自らを三景の筆頭に置いている。
- Own spot is placed at the top like 'Matsushima, Amanohashidate and Itsukushima' in Matsushima which follows the order from east as described in original literature in Matsushima, 'Itsukushima, Amanohashidate and Matsushima' in Itsukushima, which follows the order from the west, and 'Amanohashidate, Matsushima and Itsukushima' in Amanohashidate.
- しかし、入港地は薺浦のみに制限され、歳遣船は半減、特送船の廃止、日本人の駐留の禁止、受職人・受図書人も再審査を受けるなど、通交は以前より制限されたものになる。
- However, the Dynasty imposed more restricted conditions such as the restriction on the entrance ports which designated Seiho as the only port where ships were allowed to enter, a 50% reduction in the number of saikensen, the abolishment of the tokusosen system, the prohibition of the settlement of Japanese nationals, and the recertification request for Jushokunin and Jutoshonin.
- そこで宮中深くまで出入りを許されていた歯科医の兼安備後(妹の命婦讃岐も宮中に仕えていた)に仲介を頼んで文通を始め、それをきっかけとして二人で逢瀬を重ねていた。
- Then he asked dentist Bingo KANEYASU (whose younger sister Sanuki was serving in the court as a myobu (high-ranking court lady)), who had been allowed admission to the inner quarters of the Court, to go between in the exchange of letters between the lovers, who then began direct meetings with each other.
- 軍事貴族は、承平天慶期より継続的に在地の郡司・富豪百姓・田堵負名層との関係を構築していたため、国内軍事力の編成に関しては、通常の受領よりも格段に有利であった。
- Since military aristocrats started to establish relationships with local gunji, wealthy farmers, and tato fumyo in the Johei Tengyo period, they had a much greater advantage than regular zuryo in terms of raising provincial troops.
- 武士は、一般に「武芸に通じ、戦闘を職業とする軍人、あるいは兵法家のこと」とされるが、これだけでは平安時代以前の律令制体制下の「武官」との違いがはっきりしない。
- Generally, bushi refers to 'a service member who is a master of military art and battle or a military strategist,' but by this definition, the difference between the 'military officer' under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) before the Heian period and the bushi is not clear.
- このような中にあって、大学相互の結びつきを深め、又、経済界との連携を強めるための財団法人大学コンソーシアム京都(通称、コンソーシアム)があるのも特徴的である。
- The city has a unique foundation called the Consortium of Universities in Kyoto (or simply called the Consortium) to bring local universities together and link them to the business community.
- 前述の通り、江戸時代以前には、「三十六峰」は具体的には特定されていなかったと考えられるが、近代以降、「三十六峰」を具体的に特定しようという試みも行われている。
- As mentioned above, before the Edo period it was generally believed that the 'Sanju-Roppo' were not specifically identified, however, there have been several attempts to identify them after the end of Edo period.
- 後三条天皇は藤原北家の祖父を持たない約170年ぶりの天皇であり、それを支援したのは同じ摂関家ながらその就任資格から排除された藤原能信(頼通の異母弟)らであった。
- Emperor Gosanjo was an emperor whose grandfather, for the first time in approximately 170 years, was not from the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and his supporters were FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu (Yorimichi's brother by a different mother) and others who were excluded from being eligible for the posts of regent or chancellor even though they were from the same regent's house.
- 1590年(天正18年)に豊臣秀吉に派遣された通信使(12月3日(11月7日 (旧暦))に秀吉に謁見)は名目としては秀吉の日本統一を祝賀することが目的であった。
- The nominal mission of the Tsushinshi sent to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in 1590 was to celebrate the unification of Japan by Hideyoshi (this Tsushinshi had an audience with Hideyoshi on December 3).
- 1995年 - 1998年の春に韓国で行われた疫学調査では、黄砂の飛来時に高齢者の死亡率が2.2%上昇したほか、呼吸器・循環器・眼科の入院率や通院率が上昇した。
- In an epidemiological survey conducted in South Korea between 1995 and 1998, death rate in the higher age range increased by 2.2 percent and the persons who visited or were admitted to hospitals due to diseases related to respiratory organs, circulatory organs or eyes increased, when kosa arrived flying.
- 参考として、通常の黄砂の場合、舞い上げられた砂塵の3割が発生地に、2割が発生地の周辺地域に、5割が日韓や太平洋などの遠方に運ばれて落下・沈着すると言われている。
- As a reference, it is said that, in an ordinary kosa, 30 percent of the dust flung up into the air falls and stays in the place where the kosa originates, 20 percent in its vicinity, and 50 percent is moved to, falls in and stays in far places like Japan, Korea and the Pacific Ocean.
- また、中世のもう一つの歴史認識は、年中行事や有職故実などの儀礼を通じて歴史を考えるというもので、そのため、故実を伝えるための日記や各種記録文書が多数作成された。
- During the medieval period, history was also recognized through ceremonies in annual events and in Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette), and therefore, many diaries and records were written to hand over practices from older days to later generations.
- また、城砦としての防衛能力を重視した場所は必ずしも交通の便が良いところではなく、交易都市の色彩を強めるにつれ城が放棄され陣屋などに行政中心が移ったケースも多い。
- Additionally, places that placed an emphasis on defensive ability as a castle retreat were not in places with good transportation, and as they started to increasingly become trade cities, Jinya instead of castles became the center of government.
- 2006年(平成17年)11月8日に舞鶴市東地区と綾部市上林地区を結ぶ、京都府の府道一覧京都府道51号舞鶴和知線の「菅坂バイパス」(延長2.3キロ)が開通した。
- On November 8, 2006, 'Sugasaka By-pass' of Kyoto Prefectural Road No. 51, Maizuru Wachi Line (total extension 2.3 km), connecting Maizuru City Higashi area and Ayabe City Kanbayashi area opened.
- 残る日本通運舞鶴海運支店も北朝鮮によるミサイル発射後、北朝鮮との取引を停止していたが、2006年7月28日より舞鶴港に北朝鮮からの貨物船が荷降ろしを始めている。
- The rest, International Transport Department, Maizuru Marine Transport Office, Nippon Express Co., Ltd. stopped dealings with North Korean vessels after missile launches by North Korea; however, North Korean freights started to be seen unloading goods in Maizuru Port on July 28, 2006.
- 保津川は蛇行を繰り返す激流で大きな岩が無数にあったが、人力で引っ張ったり火薬を使って発破作業を行ったりしながら、高瀬舟の通れる水路を約5か月で完成させたという。
- It is said that although the Hozu-gawa River was a meandering, raging torrent and there were innumerable huge rocks in the river, the waterway was completed in five months by manually removing rocks and blasting them with gunpowder so that Takasebune boats were able to navigate the waters.
- 鳥羽作道(とばのつくりみち・鳥羽造道)は、平安京の中央部を南北に貫く朱雀大路の入口である羅城門より真南に伸びて鳥羽 (京都市)を経由して淀方面に通じた古代道路。
- Toba no Tsukurimichi (Toba New Road) was an ancient road from Rajo-mon gate, the entrance to the Suzaku-oji Street running through north to south in the center of Heian-kyo, to Yodo through Toba (Kyoto City).
- たとえば、「下丸屋町」という町は、京都市役所や本能寺の近くの「河原町通御池下る」にあるほか、そこから数百メートル西北方の「小川通夷川上る」にも同じ名の町がある。
- For example, while there is a town named 'Shimomaruya-cho' in 'Kawaramachi-dori Oike-sagaru' near Kyoto City Hall and Honno-ji Temple, another exists in 'Ogawa-dori Ebisugawa-agaru' which is few hundred meters to the northwest from there.
- 幕府が諸外国と通商条約を締結して開国を行うと、在野の志士(活動家)たちは、水戸学の思想的影響のもと、名分論に基づき攘夷を断行しない幕府に対する倒幕論が形成された。
- When Bakufu executed trade agreements with various countries and opened the country to foreign trade and diplomatic relations, activists outside of government, who were under the influence of Mito-gaku, built up the argument of tobaku against Bakufu, which, for reasons that were superficial, did not carry out the expulsion of foreigners.
- 当初、関東や北陸で勃興した反平氏勢力は、旧勢力の期待するところであって平氏政権を排除した後は、それまでの歴史の通りにいずれ中央政府に帰順するものと考えられていた。
- Initially, the anti-Taira clan forces that began in the Kanto and Hokuriku regions were acting as the old regime anticipated and it was thought that after the Taira clan government was removed, the country would return to a central government as in the past.
- 文治元年(1185年)2月、屋島の戦いに勝利した義経は、1箇月かけて軍備を整えつつ河野通信や船所正利など水軍勢力を味方に引き入れ、瀬戸内海の制海権を握っていった。
- Yoshitsune, fresh off his victory at the battle of Okushima in March, 1185, spent a month resupplying and readying his army, and won over warriors possessing significant naval forces like Tsunenobu KANO and Masatoshi FUNATO as allies, establishing his control over the Seto Inland Sea.
- それから20年後の治承4年(1180年)、以仁王が頼政の嫡子の「前伊豆守」源仲綱を通じて全国の源氏に発した令旨を奉じた頼朝は、流刑先の伊豆で平氏打倒の兵を挙げる。
- Twenty years later, in 1180, Yoritomo received Prince Mochihito's ryoji (orders issued by princes, empresses, etc) given to the Minamoto clan all over the country through MINAMOTO no Nakatsuna, the former Izu no kami (Governor of Izu Province) and a legitimate son of Yorimasa, and raised an army in Izu, a place of exile, to defeat the Taira clan.
- 近世以前の小辺路は紀伊山地山中の住人の生活道路であり、20世紀になって山中に自動車の通行できる道路が開通してからも、おおよそ昭和30年代までは使用され続けていた。
- Since before the early-modern period, Kohechi had been a community road for the residents in the Kii Mountains, and even after a new roadway was constructed through the mountain in the 20th century, it had been still used as a local road until about the 30's of the Showa era.
- - 鬼門崎、龍宮洞門、通天洞門、三尾ノ松島・三尾大島(玄武岩柱状節理の島)、十字洞門、下荒洞門、鋸岬、旭洞門、釣鐘洞門(世界最大の洞門、国指定天然記念物)、伊笹崎
- Kimon-zaki Cape, Ryugu Domon Rock Cave, Tsuten-domon Rock Cave, Mio no Matsushima Island and Mio oshima Island (famous for basalt columnar joint), Juji Domon Rock Cave, Shitaara Domon Rock Cave, Nokogiri-misaki Cape, Asahi-domon Rock Cave, Tsurigane-domon Rock Cave (the world's largest cave, a state's designated natural monument), Isasa-zaki Cape
- 途中文政9年(1826年)に下野国佐野藩に加増転封されるものの、堅田領は従来通りとされ、以後内部問題は堅田藩が、大津など周辺港湾との折衝は大津代官が行う事になった。
- Although the Hotta clan was transferred to Sano Domain of Shimotsuke Province with additional properties in 1826, the estate of Katata was maintained as before and afterwards Katata Domain dealt with internal problems while Otsu Daikan held talks with the surrounding harbor areas including Otsu.
- 光厳にはいちおう上皇の称号と待遇が与えられたが、それは通例の前天皇に対する優遇措置ではなく、あくまでも皇太子の地位を辞退したことに対する褒賞であることが明示された。
- It was clearly indicated that Kogon was given the title and privileges of the retired emperor but not as preferential treatment for being the former Emperor, but as a prize for refraining the position of Crown Prince.
- 本来であれば早速通信使来日となるのだが、老中松平定信は、1788年(天明8年)に延期要請の使者を、また1791年(寛政3年)には江戸にかえて対馬での招聘を打診した。
- Normally, Tsushinshi should come immediately, but Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, roju, sent a messenger in 1788 to request the postponement of the arrival, and in 1791, sounded out the Korean side about the possibility of visiting Tsushima instead of Edo.
- 発生地ではない日韓も、黄砂に付着する大気汚染物質の発生源である自国企業関連の工場や、砂漠化につながる木材・農産品・畜産品の輸入などを通しても関わっており責任がある。
- Japan and South Korea, where no kosa is produced, are concerned with kosa as well because the factories of companies in these nations generate air pollutants that stick to kosa and because they import wood, agricultural products and livestock products that may cause desertification, and therefore, they are also responsible.
- だが、朝鮮通信使が実際に書いた日記(日東壮遊歌 など)などの当時の資料を紐解くと、進んだ文化を持つ日本の繁栄ぶりが描写されており、韓国の教育とは相違が見受けられる。
- However, when reading documents concerning that time, for example, actual written diaries (such as Nittosoyuka), it is found that Japan was advanced culturally and was prosperous, showing differences between what is educated in Korea and reality.
- 1764年(宝暦14年)には大阪の客館で、対馬藩の通詞・鈴木伝蔵が杖で打ち据えられ、通信使一行の都訓導・崔天崇を夜中に槍を使って刺殺するという事件まで起こっている。
- In 1764, even the following incident occurred in a guest hall in Osaka: Denzo SUZUKI, an interpreter at the Tsushima Domain, was hit by a stick seriously, and for this, a Tushinshi interpreter (都訓導) Cheon-Jong CHOI was stabbed to death with a spear in at night.
- しかし、第二京阪道路や京都第二外環状道路が開通する以前は国道1号、京都府道・大阪府道13号京都守口線、京都府道22号八幡木津線などは市域において混雑が顕著であった。
- However, such roads as the National Route 1, the Kyoto Moriguchi Line of Kyoto Prefectural and Osaka Prefectural Route 13, and Yawata-Kizu Line of Kyoto Prefectural Route 22 had been apparently congested within the city before the Dainikeihan Road and Kyoto Second Outer Ring Road opened.
- このとき日本は日露戦争を控え、京阪神と日本有数の軍港である舞鶴港をつなぐ交通網の普及が急がれたことから、福知山はその中継地点として福知山線と山陰本線の敷設が行われた。
- At this time, the Fukuchiyama Line and the Sanin Main Line were constructed with Fukuchiyama as a connection; this was due to the fact that expanding the transportation network connecting Keihanshin and Maizuru Port, one of the major military ports in Japan, was an urgent issue in the preparation for the Russo-Japanese War.
- 元来、上野氏は、信孝を通じて毛利氏とも格別の信頼関係を有していたが、信孝も、また、元就も他界して後、隆徳は、三村家親の嫡子元親に加担して毛利氏に対抗することとなった。
- Originally, the UENO clan had a trusting relationship with the Mori clan through Nobutaka, but after Nobutaka and Motonari MORI died, Takatoku opposed the Mori clan by supporting Motochika, the legitimate child of Iechika MIMURA.
- 室町時代から戦国時代_(日本)にかけて三条通を境目として北側を上京(かみきょう)、南側を下京(しもきょう)と呼ぶ慣習が生まれ、上京と下京がそれぞれ別個の惣構を持った。
- From the Muromachi period to the Sengoku period (Japan), the custom arose of calling the area north of Sanjo-dori Street Kamikyo, and the area in the south of the street Shimokyo, with Kamikyo and Shimokyo each having their own sogamae (outer citadel).
- 福禅寺 (福山市)(境内は「朝鮮通信使遺跡鞆福禅寺境内」として国の史跡に指定、村上天皇の命を受けた空也上人による創建 対潮楼には「日東第一形勝」の額が掲げられている)
- Fukuzen-ji Temple (Fukuyama City): The precincts is a nationally designated historical site as being the 'site for commemorating Joseon missions which visited the precincts of Tomo Fukuzen-ji Temple,' while the temple was founded by Kuya Shonin under the command of Emperor Murakami, and the Taichoro Reception Hall has the Joseon envoy's words of praise for the scenic beauty of Tomonoura, which read 'the most beautiful, picturesque scenery in the world east of Joseon' in Japanese.
- さらに江戸時代終わりには4件、1899年(明治32年)頃には8軒をかぞえて最盛期を迎えたが、通行人の減少につれて住人は減り、1950年(昭和25年)頃には無住となった。
- There were four houses at the end of the Edo period, and there were eight houses in 1899, however it was the golden age of Mizugamine; after that, the number of travelers decreased and the number of residents decreased as well, and in about 1950 there was no longer residents.
- 経済の急成長に伴い大量に発生した新興地主や新興商人が紛争の絶えない時代に開墾や内外の通商を通じて発展し、自らの実力に相応しい発言力を社会に対して要求した時代でもあった。
- It was also a period in which emerging landlords and merchants grew in a large number along with the quick growth of the economy developed through land reclamation and trading in the period in which quarrels last and required a voice that corresponded to the raw power of society.
- これに対して立憲君主制の国歌(たとえばイギリスの『女王陛下万歳』など。)と比較しても極端な天皇賛美の意味はなく、天皇象徴制の国歌ではごく普通の国歌だと考える意見もある。
- On the other hand, there is an opinion that, compared to national anthems of a constitutional monarchy (for example, 'God Save the Queen'), Kimigayo does not have a meaning of extreme praises for the emperor and it is a quite normal national anthem for the system that recognized the emperor as a symbol of the unity of the people.
- 京都市交通局(市バス)・京阪京都交通・京都バス・京阪バス・阪急バス・西日本JRバスとの間では、従来より回数券の共通化を行っており、地下鉄割引券込みの物も販売されていた。
- The common commuter ticket has been utilized by Kyoto Municipal Transportation Bureau (City Bus), Keihan Kyoto Kotsu, Kyoto Bus Co., Ltd., Keihan Bus Co., Ltd., Hankyu Bus Co., Ltd. and West JR Bus Company, and bus tickets with discount subway coupons have been sold.
- 松尾芭蕉の門人である河合曾良は元禄4年(1691年)の3月から7月下旬まで4ヶ月近くにわたって近畿各地を巡遊した際に、小辺路を通行して高野山から本宮へ参詣を果たしている。
- Sora KAWAI, a pupil of Basho MATSUO, traveled various parts of Kinki region for about four months from March to the end of July of 1691, and during the travel, he walked Kohechi from Mt. Koya to visit Hongu-taisha Shrine.
- 通常長官である守(かみ)、及び権守(ごんのかみ)であるが、親王任国の上野国、常陸国、上総国など守、権守が現地赴任しない国では次官の介(すけ)、権介(ごんのすけ)であった。
- The zuryo was usually a position taken by a kami (長官, director) who was also a kami (守, governor) or a gon no kami (権守, provisional governor), but in shinno ninkoku (provinces whose gubernatorial posts were reserved as sinecures for imperial princes, and where the kami or the gon no kami was not dispatched), such as the provinces of Kozuke, Hitachi, and Kazusa, the position was fulfilled by a jikan (次官, assistant director) who was also a suke (介, vice governor of provincial offices) or a Gon no suke (権介, provisional vice governor).
- また、才覚よりも家格を官職就任の最優先の要件とするという見解は、南北朝時代 (日本)の北畠親房による一連の著作とも共通しており、親房は同書の影響を受けたとする見方もある。
- Additionally, Motochika's position to prioritize the family's social standing rather than talent for the appointment of the government posts coincided with Chikafusa KITABATAKE's series of books in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts; some believe that Chikafusa had been influenced by the Kanshoku Hisho.
- さらには、一部の公家も限定的とはいえ、必ずしも自衛目的のみとは言えない軍事活動に自ら携わるなど、あらゆる階層を通じて、ある種の”力に対する信奉”があったことは注目される。
- It is noted that, in all social classes, there was a certain type of 'belief in power' as seen in the fact that, although it was in limited scale, certain court nobles were engaged in military activities which could not be deemed for self defense purpose only.
- 明治時代に入ると日露戦争を控え、京阪神と日本有数の軍港である舞鶴港とをつなぐ交通網の普及が急がれた理由から、福知山はその中継地点として軍用鉄道の福知山線の整備がなされた。
- During the Meiji period, the Fukuchiyama Line, which was used as a military railroad, was improved by setting Fukuchiyama as a connecting point; this was carried out due to the fact that expanding the transportation network connecting Keihanshin (Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe area) and Maizuru Port, which was one of the major military ports in Japan, was seen as an urgent issue in preparation for the Russo-Japanese War.
- 比企広域市町村圏域内公共図書館の相互利用協定により、東松山市、滑川町、小川町、ときがわ町、川島町、吉見町、鳩山町、秩父郡東秩父村に住まい・通学通勤している者なら利用可能。
- The library is available to any person who lives in, or commutes to Higashimatsuyama City, Namegawa-machi, Ogawa-machi, Tokigawa-machi, Kawashima-machi, Yoshimi-machi, Hatoyama-machi and Higashichichibu-mura in Chichibu-gun, under the agreement for mutual use of public library within the larger municipal area in the Hiki area.
- 朝廷と幕府の緊張はしだいに高まり、後鳥羽上皇は討幕の意志を固めたが、土御門天皇はこれに反対し、摂政近衛家実やその父近衛基通をはじめ多くの公卿達も反対、または消極的であった。
- Tension between the Court and the shogunate gradually escalated, and the retired Emperor Gotoba's intention to strike down the shogunate hardened, but Emperor Tsuchimikado opposed this plan, as did many of the Court nobles, including the regent Iezane KONOE and his father, Motomichi KONOE, and many nobles opposed the plan or supported it only halfheartedly.
- 室町時代、殿原衆は延暦寺から堅田関の運営を委任されて、堅田以外の船より海賊行為を行わない代償として上乗(うわのり)と呼ばれる一種の通行税を徴収する権利を獲得するようになる。
- In the Muromachi period, Tonobara-shu were delegated in charge of Katata checkpoint; afterwards they gained the right to get a kind of transit duty, called Uwanori, in compensation for not pirating non-Katata ships.
- この結果、平氏軍は関東政権軍へ瀬戸内海の制海権を明け渡すこととなり、熊野別当湛増が率いる熊野水軍や,河野通信らの水軍を始めとする中国・四国の武士が続々と鎌倉政権へ味方した。
- As a result, the Taira clan forces gave the command of the Seto Inland Sea to the Kanto government forces and Chugoku, Shikoku region bushi such as the Kumano Navy led by Kumano Betto Tanzo and Michinobu KONO's navy started to take the Kamakura government's side.
- 通信使接遇には一度に約100万両(1両=1石換算で幕府の直轄領約400万石の1/4に相当する)かかるものであり、もともと白石は来日招聘そのものに反対であった点が注目される。
- To treat a Tsushinshi envoy, one million ryo (assuming that one ryo is equal to one koku (roughly, rice of 180 liters), this amounted up to 1/4 of the four million koku from the land controlled directly by the bakufu) was required, and attention must also be paid to the fact that Hakuseki originally opposed the invitation of the envoy to Japan itself.
- 彼らは、貢納物の原料採取・作業・交易をする場を求めて移動・遍歴することを必要としていたため、関銭・津料などの交通税を免除され、自由に諸国を往来できる権利を得ることとなった。
- Because Kugonin were wanderers seeking places to collect raw materials for their products, to work on their products, and trade them, they were exempted from traffic taxes such as sekisen (tolls) and tsuryo and, therefore, they had the right to freely travel around the various provinces.
- これに対して宮廷内部は2つに分かれたものの、一見暴論でありながらも、予想外の事態で左大臣を失う事になるかも知れない信輔への同情は意外と多く、決着のつく見通しは立たなかった。
- The opinions about this matter inside the Imperial Court were divided into two groups, and reaching a conclusion seemed unlikely since more people than expected sympathized with Nobusuke, whose insistence seemed unreasonable at a first glance but who might need to lose the position of Sadaijin from an unforeseen event.
- また、摂津国福原の一ノ谷の戦いに向かう途中に通過した源義経や那須与一などのほかに文覚、一遍、蓮如、明智光秀、小早川秀秋、角倉了以を始めとして亀岡にゆかりのある著名人は多い。
- Additionally, there are many prominent figures associated with Kameoka: MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and NASU no Yoichi who passed through the area to engage in the Battle of Ichinotani in Fukuhara, Settsu Province, as well as Mongaku, Ippen, Rennyo, Mitsuhide AKECHI, Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA, and Ryoi SUMINOKURA.
- 長州藩は下関戦争の後尊皇論を基盤に藩論は攘夷で維持していたが、1865年、日米修好通商条約に孝明天皇が勅許を出したことにより尊皇と攘夷は結びつかなくなり、攘夷の力が失われた。
- After the Shimonoseki War, the Choshu clan maintained its opinion on the expulsion of foreigners, based on the idea of Sonno; however, when Emperor Komei permitted the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan in 1865, Sonno and the expulsion of foreigners could no longer be connected, and those advocating the expulsion of foreigners lost their power.
- 長州藩は江戸期全体を通して表向きは幕府に恭順の姿勢をとる普通の藩として存在していたが、毎年正月には幕府への怨恨を確かめる儀式を執り行っていたと伝えられる(確たる証拠はない)。
- Throughout the Edo period, the Choshu clan superficially existed as a normal clan that assumed an attitude of obedience toward Bakufu; however, it is said that with each new year it conducted a ceremony to confirm its hard feelings against Bakufu (although no decisive evidence exists).
- 五条からの国道168号線が柳本以南へ開通するのはさらに遅れ、昭和30年代の電源開発とともにようやく本宮町まで陸路がつながると、果無峠は生活道としての役割を終えることとなった。
- Many years after that, National Highway 168 from Gojo was extended to the south of Yagimoto, and when the road finally connected to Hongu-cho with the electric power development in the 30's of the Showa era, Hatenashi Pass ended the role as a community road.
- 『里程大和著聞記』の記述には「道幅一尺」「難所」「牛馬常通不申」といった表現が繰り返し見られ、険しい峰道か峠道、あるいは獣道程度の道でしかなく、困難な道であったことが分かる。
- In the article about Kohechi in 'Ritei Yamato Chomonki', expressions like 'the road 1 shaku (about 30.3 centimeters) in width', 'dangerous spot', 'horses and cattle cannot go through the road' appear frequently, therefore it is known that at that time Kohechi was just a steep slope on a mountain or some animal trail that was very difficult for people to travel.
- その歴史を通しで見ると、会所のあり方、語の用法は多様であり、一概にこういうものである、とはいいがたいが、ひとついえるのは、そこは、人々が寄り集う場であった、ということである。
- By looking through out its history, there were various uses of the word kaisho, but one thing that could be said was that it was a place where people gathered.
- 天武系でなければ即位すら出来なかった時代に天智系の光仁天皇(当時は白壁王)の第一皇子として生まれ、立太子は行われなかった(通常、継承順位が高ければ生まれると同時に行われた)。
- At a time when only a Tenmu-descendent prince could ascend the throne, Emperor Kanmu was born as the first prince of Tenchi-descendent Emperor Konin (Prince Shirakabe at that time) but Rittaishi (investiture of the Crown Prince) was not conducted, although it was normally done at the time of birth if the person's order of succession was high.
- 戦国時代初期の頃は通常農閑期に行われる戦は農民兵たちにとって支給される賃金と陣中食はじめ兵糧、即ち現金収入がある出稼ぎと食い扶持減らしの出来る一挙両得の短期雇用の場であった。
- At the beginning of the Sengoku Period, battles which were usually conducted in off-season for farmers were an opportunity for peasant soldiers for short-term employment with ikkyoryotoku (killing two birds with one stone) where they could obtain wages to be paid and army provisions including a combat ration, in other words, cash income and a decrease in payment for food.
- この後幕府は、17世紀中葉までに、武家諸法度の発布や参勤交代の義務化、有力大名の改易などを通して、諸大名との主従制を確固たるものとし、朝廷統制を強め、幕府官僚機構を整備した。
- After this, the bakufu solidified the master-servant relationship with each daimyo by around the middle of 17th century, through enacting Buke shohatto (laws for the military households), making Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) obligatory, and conducting Kaieki operations (forfeiting the rank of samurai and properties) for powerful daimyo, strengthened control of the Imperial Court, and established its government officer system.
- 彼の築堤の名残として「明智藪」と呼ばれる堤防保護のための藪を今もなお見ることができ、現在もなお行われている堤防築造や国土交通省などによる水位の監視などは彼に始まるものである。
- To this day, there still exists a yabu (bushes in English) known as 'Akechi-yabu' to protect the embankments; today, the monitoring of water levels by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism all stem from his works.
- また市内と周辺地域の兵庫県、大阪府に多くのゴルフ場がある事で早朝から市外からの車流入と市内から通勤で京都市、大阪府、兵庫県への車流出が増えるため、交通量は早朝・夕方が増える。
- Traffic in the early morning (and the evening) is higher due to the number of people from outside the city who visit the many golf courses in Kameoka City, as well as the nearby areas of Hyogo and Osaka Prefectures; the number of residents commuting to Kyoto city, Osaka Prefecture and Hyogo Prefecture increase in the early morning as well.
- また2階には多数の尊王派(大山巌・西郷従道・三島通庸・篠原国幹・永山弥一郎など)がいたが、大山綱良らが刀を捨てて飛び込み必死の説得を行った結果、残りの尊王派志士たちは投降した。
- Still, many members of the royalists (Iwao OYAMA, Tsugumichi SAIGO, Michitsune MISHIMA, Kunimoto SHINOHARA, and Yaichiro NAGAYAMA) stayed upstairs, but after Tsunayoshi OYAMA dropped his sword and burst into the room in a desperate attempt to persuade them, the rest of the devoted members in the royalists surrendered.
- 黄砂の発生地である砂漠の一部では、砂嵐などによって砂丘が移動し、住居が砂に埋まったり、道路が通行不能になるなどして、住むことができなくなった村もあり、被害ははるかに深刻である。
- In some parts of the desert where kosa occurs, the extent of damage due to kosa is by far more serious, because accompanying sandstorms may move sand dunes, may bury dwelling places, may make roads unusable, and may resultantly make a whole village inhabitable.
- 釜山倭館に来航した対馬藩家老は1867年、明治新政府の成立を興宣大院君政権に通告したが、朝鮮側は日本の新しい主権者が「皇上」と名乗っていることを理由に国書の受け取りを拒否した。
- In 1867, a Karo (chief retainer) of the Tsushima clan who visited Busan Wakan notified the Heungseon Daewongun administration that the new Meiji government had been established, but the Korean government rejected receipt of the Japanese sovereign's message, saying Japan's new sovereign identified himself as 'Emperor.'
- 金閣寺放火事件(きんかくじほうかじけん)とは、1950年7月2日未明に、京都市上京区(現・北区 (京都市))金閣寺町にある鹿苑寺(通称・金閣寺)において発生した放火事件である。
- The Arson Case of Kinkaku-ji Temple was an arson case which occurred at Rokuon-ji Temple (commonly called Kinkaku-ji Temple) located in Kinkakuji Town, Kamigyo Ward (present-day Kita Ward), Kyoto City early on July 2, 1950.
- 春になると、表土を覆った積雪が融け、高気圧の勢力が弱まる代わりに偏西風が強まり、低気圧が発達しながら通過するなどして風が強い日が増えるため、黄砂の発生も増えると考えられている。
- It is considered that kosa occurs more frequently in spring by the following conditions: Melting snow on the topsoil, being stronger westerlies by weaker high pressures, increasing windy days by passing of developing low pressure, and so on.
- 京都盆地は地形が北東から南西に向かって傾いており、賀茂川がそれに逆行して流れているのは不自然であり、本来は低地である堀川通に流れ込むのが自然であるというのがこの説の根源である。
- The core of the theory is that because the Kyoto Basin slopes from northeast down to southwest, it is unnatural for the Kamogawa River to flow up the slope; thus, the river would have originally flowed down towards the lower ground of the Horikawa-dori Street.
- 伊達の名は陸奥国伊達郡(現福島県・中通り北部…伊達市 (福島県)、伊達郡、一部は福島市)に由来し、この地名は古代には「いだて」または「いだち」、中世以降は「いだて」と呼ばれた。
- The family name, DATE, was derived from the county name ''Date' in Mutsu Province (present-day, the northern area of Nakadori, Fukushima Prefecture [specifically, the area covers Date City of Date County plus a part of Fukushima City]), but the county was originally called 'Idate' or 'Idachi' in ancient times and changed to 'Idate' in the Medieval Period.
- 古典的理解での摂関政治では、幼帝の外祖父とその血縁者のみが摂政、後に関白や公卿の権利を持っていたが、院政の成立後には藤原北家頼通流にのみ摂政・関白職が世襲されることが公認される。
- In the traditional sense of the regency, only an infant emperor's maternal grandfather and his relatives had the right to take the post of regent, and then the post of chancellor or court noble, but after the cloistered government was formed, it was officially recognized that the posts of regent and chancellor were to be passed down from generation to generation only within Yorimichi's line in the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan.
- その一方で炭供御人、氷室供御人など様々な手工芸品を扱ったため、貢納物を超える生産物は諸国往来権を持つ彼ら自身により流通経路に載せられ、商人としての活動も行っていたと見られている。
- On the other hand, Kugonin handled various handicraft products such as sumi (charcoal) Kugonin and himuro (warehouse for ice) Kugonin and, therefore, it seems that they also acted as merchants because of the fact that their products, in excess of those presented to the Imperial court, were sold in their distribution networks by themselves utilizing their right to travel to various provinces.
- 旧夜久野町役場には子午線が通り、酒呑童子の鬼伝説で知られる大江山や光秀の福知山城などの観光スポットだけでなく、元伊勢神社や「鉄道のまち」としてSL資料展示館や関連イベントがある。
- The meridian passes over the old Yakuno Town Office, with sightseeing spots such as Oe-yama mountain range known for the Shuten-doji ogre legend, Fukuchiyama-jo castle of Mitsuhide, Motoise-jinja Shrine; additionally the SL Exhibition Hall is known as 'railroad city' and related events are held here.
- 北部の新橋通から白川沿いの地区は国の重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定、南部の花見小路を挟む一帯は京都市の歴史的景観保全修景地区に指定され、伝統ある町並みの保護と活用が進んでいる。
- The north of Gion which stretches from Shinbashi-dori Street to the Shira-kawa River has been selected as one of the Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings while the area in the south around Hanamikoji-dori Street has been designated as the Historical Landscape Preservation and Improvement District: the preservation and use of traditional townscape have been enhanced.
- 平安時代以降、平安京の都市生活者向けの商工業が発達し、特に国内流通が活発化した江戸時代には、全国に製品を出荷する工業都市となる一方、数々の技術者を各地の藩の要請に従って派遣した。
- Beginning in the Heian period, commerce and industry for urban dwellers in Heian-kyo developed; particularly in the Edo period when domestic distribution became prevalent, Kyoto City became an industrial city, shipping goods nationwide and providing technicians to local clans upon request.
- なお、軍港及び国際貿易港たる舞鶴港を有し、海上自衛隊舞鶴地方総監部や第八管区海上保安本部、国土交通省舞鶴港湾事務所など日本海広域を指揮監督する海事機関があるのも特徴の1つである。
- Characteristically, it also has Maizuru Port which is a naval as well as international trade port, and maritime organizations to control and supervise a wide area of the Sea of Japan such as Maritime Self-Defense Force Maizuru District Headquarters, Maizuru Ports Office of the Eighth Regional Coast Guard Headquarters, and Kinki Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.
- 日本二百名山に数えられる伯母子岳が単独で、または護摩壇山の関連ルートとして歩かれているのを一例外として、他は交通至難であることも手伝って歩く人も少なく、静謐な雰囲気が保たれている。
- Among many parts of the route, Mt. Obakodake is relatively busy because it is one of the 200 top mountains of Japan and one of routes to climb Mt. Gomadan, however, since the whole route is difficult to access, other parts of the route keep tranquil atmosphere.
- 延享度の通信使の朝鮮朝廷への帰国報告では、信使の渡来を幕府は諸侯に「朝鮮入貢」として知らせており、それまでの使節もそれを知りながら紛争を恐れて知らぬふりをしていた旨が記されている。
- The Tsushinshi who visited Japan in the Enkyo era (1744 to 1748) submitted a report to the Korean Imperial Court after returning from Japan, and in it, described the following: The bakufu informed lords that Tsushinshi came to Japan 'to pay tributes from Korea' and all of the past envoys knew the fact but acquiesced fearing the disputes that would occur otherwise.
- それによると、平均値に比べてヒ素が22倍、マンガンが13倍、クロムが7倍、ニッケルが3倍という高い数値を記録しており、黄砂の飛来時には大気の成分が通常とは異なることを示唆している。
- In the investigation, the amount of arsenic included was 22 times the average value, that of manganese 13 times the average value, that of chromium 7 times the average value and that of nickel 3 times the average value, each quite a high value compared with the average value, were detected, suggesting that the components of the air in the time when kosa is falling are different from those of the ordinary air.
- 蝦夷については、カイという音(アイヌ人はモンゴル人から「クイ」ロシア人からは「クリル」と呼ばれた)に通じる呼び名があったためとも、蝦(エビ)に似て髭が長かったためだとも推測される。
- Regarding the use of the Chinese characters '蝦夷,' one theory asserts that the people had some sort of name related to the sound 'kai' (the Ainu were called 'kui' by Mongolians and 'kuriru' by Russians), and another asserts that the people had long beards and therefore resembled a prawn (蝦) or a lobster.
- 福知山の古くからの住民は、丹波の氷上(丹波市)を中心に、但馬や丹後から移り住んで来た歴史があり、現在もなお通勤・通学する人は多く、市民の多くはその地出身であると言う人も少なくない。
- Ancient residents in Fukuchiyama moved mainly from Hikami (Tanba City), but also from Tajima and Tango; there are still many people that commute from such places and say that they are descended from these places.
- 1987年(昭和62年)ごろからは遅れていた高速道路も整備も成され、その交通の利便性などから拠点を置く多数の大手企業が存在し、それらは福知山都市圏を構成し福知山市はその中心を担う。
- From around 1987, the delayed improvement of expressways has started; many major companies are located in Fukuchiyama due to the convenient transportation and these companies comprise the urban area of Fukuchiyama, centered around Fukuchiyama City.
- 1964年(昭和39年)公布、翌年施行の河川法により、起点よりすべて鴨川の表記に統一されているが、通例として、高野川 (京都市)との合流点より上流は賀茂川または加茂川と表記される。
- As a result of the River Act, which was proclaimed in 1964 and implemented in the following year, the name of the Kamogawa (Kamogawa River) from the starting point to the entire downstream is officially written as 鴨川 in kanji; however, the Kamogawa River upstream from the junction with the Takano River (Kyoto City) is conventionally written as 賀茂川 or 加茂川.
- 一方で鎌倉中期から橘氏の支配を離れた出羽男鹿半島が北条氏の所領となり、安東氏がその地頭代となったのではないかとする説もあり、宗家とは別の安東一族の海を通じた広がりが推定されている。
- On the other hand, there is an assumption that as the Oga Peninsula of Dewa Province became the Hojo clan's territory after the Tachibana clan lost its control over the peninsula in the mid-Kamakura period, the Ando clan took the position of jitodai (provisional jito) of the territory, and supposes the existence of a branch Ando family, other than the head family, which had an extensive influence over the marine area.
- 菊池氏は「丸に並び鷹の羽」もしくは「丸に違い鷹の羽」を用いることが多く、遠野菊池氏は通常の家紋に海路から入ったことを表す波紋が加えられ「丸に並び鷹の羽に波紋」で表す方が多いようだ。
- Usually the Kikuchi clan uses 'Maruni Narabi Takanoha' (in-line falcon's plumes inside a circle) or 'Maruni Chigai Takanoha' (crossing falcon's plumes inside a circle), but the family crest of the Tono Kikuchi clan is added the 'Hamon' (ripple) which refers to that the clan came from the sea, to the usual family crest, and shows as 'Maruni Narabi Takanohani Hamon' (in-line falcon's plumes with ripple inside a circle).
- こうした結果、三浦の乱後の1511~1581年までの間、日本国王使は二十二回通交することになるがその中で本物の日本国王使は二回に過ぎず、残りの二十回は宗氏の仕立て上げた偽使であった。
- As a result of this, royal envoys visited Korea 22 times between 1511 and 1581 after the Sanpo War, but only 2 visits were by real royal envoys and the other 20 visits were by gishi which were prepared by the So clan.
- 倭館に居住することを許された日本人は、対馬藩から派遣された館主以下、代官(貿易担当官)、横目、書記官、通詞などの役職者やその使用人だけでなく、小間物屋、仕立屋、酒屋などの商人もいた。
- Other than the manager of the wakan dispatched by the Tsushima clan, among Japanese who were allowed to reside in the wakan were officers such as local governors (governors in charge of trading), Yokome (job title in samurai family, the job involves watching over officers), the secretary, translators; their respective employees; and also merchants like haberdashery shop owners, tailors, and liquor shop owners.
- 油小路通(通称新堀川通り)にはパルスプラザ(京都府総合見本市会館)があり、様々な業種による見本市や発表会が頻繁に開催されており、京都の産業を対外的にPRする拠点として重視されている。
- Pulse Plaza (Kyoto Trade Fair Center) is located along the Abura-koji-dori (also known as Shinhorikawa-dori) --it is an important site for public relations activities for informing the public of Kyoto's industries and exhibitions are frequently held by a wide variety of industries.
- かつての市電東山線の駅や市バスのバス停の名称(現在は変更されているものもある)が一般化している事例が多いためであり、まず基本的に「東大路」を冠さず、別名の東山通から「東山」を冠する。
- This is because the station names of the former City Trams Higashiyama Line and the names of the bus stops of the City Bus became generalized in many cases (although some have now been changed), and as a result the word 'Higashi-oji' is not basically used for the names of the intersections, but instead the word 'Higashiyama,' from the alias of the street Higashiyama-dori Street, is used.
- 足利義満が急死すると、4代将軍の足利義持は斯波義将に補佐され、義満に対する太上天皇の追号を辞退し、勘合貿易での明との通商を一時停止するなど義満の政策を否定し幕政を守旧的なものに改める。
- When Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA suddenly died, the fourth Shogun, Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, was supported by Yoshimasa SHIBA, and refused to bestow the posthumous name of Emperor Daijo on Yoshimitsu; he also repudiated Yoshimitsu's policies, for example by temporarily halting the tally trade with Ming China, and sought to return the bakufu government to a more conservative stance.
- また『朝鮮人来聘記』や『朝鮮人来朝記』といった当時の資料に、三韓征伐や豊臣秀吉の文禄・慶長の役を持ち出して朝鮮通信使を朝貢使節と見なそうとしている記述があることも併せて論拠としている。
- Citing the Sankan Seibatsu and the Bunroku-Keicho War by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in addition to documents at the time, such as 'Chosenjin Raiheiki' and 'Chosenjin Raichoki' (a document about Koreans who visited Japan), the Korean side points out, as a basis of the argument, that there exist descriptions trying to consider Chosen Tsushinshi as an envoy for paying tributes.
- 立命館大学『学園通信校友版』「百二十年の歴史を訪ねて」によると、同省は滝川を弾圧すると末川が反対に乗り出すことを予想し、むしろ弾圧の本命を末川としていたとする説もあることを紹介している。
- According to the Ritsumeikan University's 'Gakuen Tsushin Koyu edition, Revisiting the 120 years of History,' the ministry assumed that accusing Takigawa would put Suekawa in the opposition and that there is a theory that Suekawa was the real target of oppression.
- また、この区間で男女カップルが接吻をすること「鴨チュー」(かもちゅー=鴨川でチュー、の意)と呼ばれる事がある(両方とも若者が好んで使う言葉とも言われ、年配者などには通じないとも言われる)。
- Additionally, couples' kissing on this riverside is sometimes called 'kamo chu,' an abbreviation of 'kissing (chu) at the Kamogawa River (kamo)'; yet, these two words are said to be those that young people like to use but older people do not understand.
- また、大久保家(大久保利通の功)・木戸家(木戸孝允の功)・広沢家(広沢真臣の功)は、明治天皇の特旨によって華族に列せられているが、華族令以前に華族に昇進した元勲の家系はこの3家のみである。
- The Okubo family, the Kido family and the Hirosawa family were raised to kazoku by the favors of Emperor Meiji for the distinguished contributions of Toshimichi OKUBO, Takayoshi KIDO and Sanetomi HIROSAWA; amongst Shin kazoku (or Kunko kazoku), only those three families had been raised to kazoku before Kazoku Law was introduced.
- 後鳥羽上皇は多芸多才で『新古今和歌集』を自ら撰するなど学芸に優れるだけでなく、武芸にも通じ狩猟を好む異色の天皇であり、それまでの北面の武士に加えて西面の武士を設置し軍事力の強化を行っていた。
- The retired Emperor Gotoba possessed many talents, including exceptional skill in the arts--as evidenced by the fact that he personally chose the poems that were recorded in the 'Shinkokin wakashu' (A New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry)--but his skills also extended to the martial arts, and he was fond of hunting as well, making him quite unique as a sovereign; in the time leading up to his revolt, he had worked to bolster his military strength by establishing a Western Guard Corps and adding this to his existing Northern Guard Corps.
- その結果、法皇は義仲への配慮のため北陸道は除いたが、ほぼ上記の内容を認める寿永二年十月宣旨を頼朝へ発して東海道・東山道の荘園・国衙領を元の通り領家に従わせる権限(沙汰権)が頼朝に認められた。
- As a result, the Cloistered Emperor issued 'Juei Ninen ju gatsu no senji,' an Imperial order close to the content above, except that Hokuriku-do Road was excluded in order to honor Yoshinaka and gave Yoritomo the right (Sata ken) to return shoen and Kokugaryo in the Tokai-do Road and Tosan-do Road back to their owners.
- 式部省の所管で、明経道(経書)、算道(算術)および副教科の音道(中国語の発音)、書道_(大学寮)(書き方)の四学科があり後に紀伝道(通称「文章道」、中国史・文章)と明法道(法律)が加わった。
- It was under the control of Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial), and there were two main subjects such as Myogyo-do (Keisho), Sando (arithmetic) plus two auxiliary subjects such as Ondo (pronunciation of Chinese) and calligraphy (Daigakuryo) (the way of writing); later, Kidendo (in vernacular terms, 'Monjodo (Literature)' and Myobodo (law) were added.
- この計画に対しては、予定地の東側では橋ができると街の活性化につながると賛成する意見がある一方で、西側の先斗町では橋ができて通り道になると街の風情が損なわれると反対する意見が多数を占めていた。
- People on the east side of the planned footbridge are in favor of the plan since the bridge may well energize the area; on the other hand, those in Ponto-cho on the west side are mostly opposed to it, thinking the planned footbridge would crowd the street and destroy the landscape of the town.
- 大阪市の周辺を見ると、京都市・神戸市・姫路市・和歌山市がそれぞれ中心機能を持って通勤・通学者を求心し、各々昼間人口が常住人口を越えているため、個別の都市圏を形成していると見なされている()。
- Since the cities of Kyoto, Kobe, Himeji and Wakayama, which surround Osaka, respectively function as a center and attract commuters going to work and school so that their daytime populations exceed their nighttime populations, they are taken to individually form metropolitan areas.
- また現地の港湾からの流通に対する独占的権利を確立して港湾支配を確立したものの、逆に特権によって他者の流通を妨げる存在に成長したために楽市楽座政策によって座とともに解体に追い込まれたものもある。
- There were also some Toimaru which monopolized the rights over the transport business in ports, and there were even some which, under the policy of the 'rakuichi-rakuza' (Free Market, Free Guilds), were forced to dissolve their business and guild that had become far too powerful for the smooth and fair operations of transportation business in the ports.
- 後期倭寇はそれまでの倭寇と違い通交権を盾にした統制の効かない相手であり、朝鮮王朝は有効な対策を打ち出せないまま、1588年の豊臣秀吉の海賊停止令により倭寇が終息するまで苦しめられることになる。
- Unlike the cases of early wako pirates, the Korean Dynasty could not take advantage of the benefit of trading rights in order to control the late wako, and they had suffered troubles caused by the late wako without any effective countermeasures until Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI issued the Kaizoku Teishirei (act to ban the piracy) in 1588.
- 平成11年(1999年)には広島県立世羅高等学校で卒業式当日に校長が自殺し、君が代斉唱や日章旗掲揚の文部省通達とそれに反対する日教組教職員との板挟みになっていたことが原因ではないかと言われた。
- In 1999, the principal of Hiroshima Prefectural SERA Senior High School committed suicide on the day of the commencement ceremony and it was rumored that the cause of this suicide was the fact that he had been caught in the middle of the instruction by the Ministry of Education chorus reading Kimigayo and raising the Japanese (rising sun) flag and opposing teachers who belonged to Nikkyoso.
- 北部は近鉄京都線の急行停車駅大久保駅 (京都府)、JR奈良線の新田駅 (京都府)が徒歩圏のため、両駅への利用者も多く、近鉄大久保駅へは市内全域からのバス路線が通じており、合わせて利用者が多い。
- Since Okubo Station, an express train stop on the Kintetsu Kyoto Line and Shinden Station (Kyoto Prefecture) on the JR Nara Line are within walking distance in the northern part of Joyo City, many people use these two stations; furthermore, Okubo Station has bus routes running the entire area of Joyo City and has even more passengers.
- 何ぞ不可ならん」と啖呵を切ったと言われている(『続本朝通鑑』)が、当時、即位に当たって神器の存在は必ずしも要件とはされておらず、治天による伝国詔宣により即位が可能であるとする観念が存在していた。
- Nothing is the matter' ('Zoku Honchotsugan' (history book edited by the Edo bakufu) he is said to have openly said, but the existence of the Sacred Treasures was not mandatory for ascension and the Denkoku Shosen by the Chiten was thought to have been sufficient in those times.
- 江戸に皇居を置き東京とするという構想は、江戸時代後期の経世家である佐藤信淵が文政6年(1823年)に著した『混同秘策』に既に現われており、これに影響を受けて大久保利通も東京奠都を建言したという。
- The concept of placing the imperial palace in Edo and making it Tokyo was a plan that appeared in the Keiseika (intellectuals) that Nobuhiro SATO wrote in 1823, during the last of the Edo period titled 'The Secret Merger Plan,' and it is said that Toshimichi OKUBO was influenced by this and advocated moving the capital to Tokyo.
- 小辺路の大半が属する奈良県南部の山岳地帯は、内陸性山岳気候もしくは太平洋に影響を受けた海洋性山岳気候に属し、さらに台風の通過経路でもあることから、日本でも有数の多雨地帯であることが知られている。
- The mountainous region of the south of Nara Prefecture where most parts of Kohechi go through belongs to the continental highland climate or oceanic highland climate influenced by the Pacific Ocean, and it is on the path of typhoons, therefore, it is known as one of the areas that have significantly high rainfall.
- 観光シーズンになると渋滞が激しく道路交通が麻痺してしまうため、乗用車の乗り入れ規制や、郊外に格安または無料の駐車場を整備しそこからバス (交通機関)で運ぶパーク・アンド・ライドの実験が行われた。
- Because the heavy traffic paralyzes road traffic in the tourist season, regulations were imposed on cars coming into the city, together with the implementation of a trial operation of a park-and-ride system to carry visitors by bus (public transport) from an inexpensive or free parking area developed in the suburb.
- 名神高速道路が通過しているものの、市内にはインターチェンジはないため、名古屋方面行きの場合は、京都南インターチェンジ、大阪・神戸方面行きの場合は大山崎インターチェンジを利用するのが一般的である。
- There are no interchanges in the city even though the Meishin Expressway runs through it, and thus, people usually take the Kyoto Minami Interchange towards Nagoya and the Oyamazaki Interchange towards Osaka and Kobe.
- 気候変動枠組条約の発効以来、毎年開かれている気候変動枠組条約締約国会議(COP) (COP) の第3回目の会合であり、通称、京都会議、地球温暖化防止京都会議、COP3(コップスリー)とも呼ばれる。
- It was the third session of the Conference of Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP) which had been held each year since the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change came into effect, and is also commonly referred to as the Kyoto Conference, the Kyoto Conference to stop global warming, and the COP3.
- これは、バックグラウンド黄砂が、地上から排出される大気汚染物質に含まれているSO42-(硫酸イオン)とほとんど混ざっていないことを意味し、普通の黄砂とは異なる経路を通ってきていることを示している。
- This indicates that background kosa is slightly mixed with SO42- (sulfide ion) included in air pollutants exhausted on the ground level and that this type of kosa is generated through paths different from those through which ordinary kosa is generated.
- 久寿2年(1155年)に近衛天皇が崩御すると崇徳上皇は御子の重仁親王の即位を望むが、父・鳥羽法皇は美福門院や近臣の藤原通憲の推す雅仁親王(崇徳上皇のもう一人の弟)を後白河天皇として即位させてしまう。
- Retired Emperor Sutoku hoped to get his son, Imperial Prince Shigehito, to ascend the Imperial Throne when Emperor Konoe died in 1155, but his father, Cloistered Emperor Toba, got Imperial Prince Masahito (another brother of retired Emperor Sutoku), who was supported by Bifukumonin and FUJIWARA no Michinori, to ascend the Imperial Throne instead.
- ただし、起伏のある地形や京都・大阪・神戸それぞれが都市としての核であることから、首都圏のように東京を中心として環状に交通網が延びているわけではないが、それぞれの核都市を中心に同心円状に拡がっている。
- However, because of the undulating landscape, and because Kyoto, as well as Osaka and Kobe, is its own city center in itself, the traffic networks do not extend out in a circular fashion like the Tokyo metropolitan area with the center in Tokyo, but instead, the traffic networks expand in a concentric fashion with the center in each city.
- 関東ベエ・奥州ベエたちは、秋の収穫を済ませてから旅立ったため小辺路を通行する頃にはすっかり厳冬期にはいっており、しばしば「雪が三尺も積もった峠を平気で越えて、萱小屋や大股や水ヶ峯の宿屋に泊まった」。
- Such kanto-be and oshu-be began their trips after finishing harvests in Autumn, therefore they had to walk Kohechi in midwinter, however, 'most of them crossed passes on which snow lay about 90.9 centimeters high without any difficulties and stayed at inns in Kayagoya, Omata or Mizugamine'.
- 1933年4月、内務省 (日本)は滝川の著書『刑法講義』『刑法読本』に対し、その中の内乱罪、姦通罪に関する見解(後者については妻にだけ適用されることを批判した)などを理由として発売禁止処分を下した。
- The Ministry of Internal Affairs (Japan) ruled in April 1933 that Takigawa's books 'Keiho Kogi' and 'Keiho Dokuhon' were not allowed to be for sale because of his stance on insurrection crimes and adultery (which he criticized because it was only applicable to the wife).
- しかしその後、京大の残留教官による説得に応じ京大に復帰する教官(黒田覚、佐伯千仭ら6名)が現れ、滝川および筋を通して復帰しなかった人々(宮本英雄、末川、恒藤、田村ら)との間に感情的なしこりを残した。
- However, some staff members answered the call from staff who stayed at Kyoto University and returned (six members such as Satoru KURODA and Chihiro SAEKI) and this led to estrangement with Takigawa and those who did not return under principle (Hideo MIYAMOTO, Suekawa, Tsuneto, Tamura, etc).
- さらに滋賀県東近江市五個荘町の小幡人形などには通信使人形(正確には唐人人形、 随行員である小童や楽隊の人形)があり、異国より献上された象などとともに当時の人気キャラクターであったことがうかがわれる。
- Furthermore, Obata dolls in Gokasho-cho, Higashiomi City, Shiga Prefecture include Tsushinshi dolls (correctly, tojin (Chinese) dolls): the dolls of children and those of a music band), suggesting that they were popular at that time together with elephants presented by a foreign country.
- 会所(かいしょ)とは、文字通り解釈すれば、なんらかの会、催し物、寄合・会合が行われるところであるが、日本の中世期に発展して、ある特定の区画、さらには独立した建物が「会所」と名づけられることもあった。
- Kaisho, interpreted literally, was some sort of place where a meeting, exhibition, Yoriai (debate), or association was held, but developed in the medieval era in Japan where certain divisions, or even independent buildings were named 'kaisho.'
- 中世の経済的利益は座・問丸・株仲間によって独占され既得権化していたが、戦国大名はこれを排除して絶対的な領主権の確立を目指すとともに、税の減免を通して新興商工業者を育成し経済の活性化を図ったのである。
- Economic benefits in Japan during the middle ages were monopolized by za (guilds), toimaru (specialized wholesale merchants) and kabunakama (trade associations) but Sengoku daimyo abolished these and, as well as attempting to establish absolute feudal rights, aimed to stimulate the economy by fostering emerging merchants and tradesmen via the reduction and exemption of taxes.
- 明治以後は公家、武家の常連客がいなくなり、さらに窮状に置かれるものの「太夫道中」などの行事で支えていたが、昭和後期にお茶屋、太夫、芸妓の人数が減り、ついにはお茶屋組合が解散して普通の住宅地と化した。
- After the Meiji period, Shimabara lost regulars of the court nobles and the samurai class and thus its economic condition deteriorated; the district tried to survive by holding events such as the 'Tayu Dochu' (public procession of the tayu, a courtesan or geisha of the highest rank), but the numbers of ochaya (teahouse), tayu and geisha decreased; finally, the teahouse association was dissolved and Shimabara became an ordinary residential district.
- 1のうち淀川水系(水を流せば淀川を通じ大阪湾に流れる地域)の南丹市(旧美山町 (京都府)を除く)、亀岡市、京都市、向日市、長岡京市、乙訓郡、宇治市、城陽市、久世郡、八幡市、京田辺市、綴喜郡、相楽郡。
- 2. Among the definition 1, area of the Yodo-gawa water system (which water could end up in Osaka Bay through the Yodo-gawa River) which includes Nantan City (excluding former Miyama Town, Kyoto Prefecture), Kameoka City, Kyoto City, Muko City, Nagaokakyo City, Otokuni County, Uji City, Joyo City, Kuse County, Yawata City, Kyotanabe City, Tsuzuki County and Sora County.
- バス:西日本旅客鉄道和歌山線五条駅 (奈良県)から奈良交通西吉野温泉(専用道城戸経由)ゆきバスで約30分、もしくは十津川方面ゆき(城戸行き、新宮駅行きなど)バスで約30分、城戸停留所下車徒歩約20分。
- By bus: Take a bus of the Nara Kotsu Bus Lines bound for Nishiyoshino Onsen Hot Spring (via Jodo on the bus-dedicated road) from Wakayama Line Gojo Station of the West Japan Railway Company (Nara Prefecture) for approximately 30 minutes, or take the bus bound for Totsu-kawa River (for Jodo, Shingu Station, etc.) for approximately 30 minutes and a 20-minute walk after getting off at the Kido bus stop.
- 岩沢の解釈では、「太政大臣、関白、将軍の三職いずれかに推任するのがよい」と言った主体を天皇の意向を受けた晴豊としており、以後もこの解釈を受け、信長はこの天皇の意向を突っぱねたとする説が通説化していた。
- Iwasawa's interpretation of the line 'he should be endorsed for Daijo daijin, Kanpaku, or Shogun' was that it was Haretoyo who said it in line with the Emperor's wish, and later this interpretation prevailed to form a common belief that Nobunaga refused the Emperor's wish.
- 一方の沼田家でも、大内氏と尼子氏の影響下で活動しているが、1539年(天文8年)には、尼子方に内通しようと画策し、逆に大内氏によって居城の高山城 (安芸国)を占拠され、城番を置かれるという事態に陥る。
- On the other hand, the Nuta family were living under the influence of the Ouchi and Amago clans but when they were planning to hold secret communication with the Amago clan, their residence of the Takayama-jo Castle (Aki Province) ended up with being occupied by the Ouchi clan and a guard was placed over them.
- 上国家は、一般的に湊家と称し、遅くとも天文 (元号)年間には京都扶持衆となっていること、代々「左衛門佐」を名乗り本願寺や細川氏とも誼を通じるなど中央との交流があったこと等が史料から確認されていること。
- Based on the historical materials, the following facts were confirmed; the Kaminokuni family usually used the name of Minato family, and at latest in the Tenmon era, the family was raised to Kyoto fuchishu (warriors from Kanto or Tohoku region in the Muromachi Period, who served Seii taishogun in Kyoto under a direct master-servant relationship), and that, the family had a certain connection with the central government as associating with Hongan-ji Temple and the Hosokawa clan, and the family proclaimed itself 'Saemon no suke' (assistant captain of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) for generations.
- 為平が源高明の女婿であることから、藤原氏の貴族たちに忌避されたとするのが通説であるが、冷泉と年齢の近い為平を皇太子とした場合、冷泉の在位が短期間になりすぎることに配慮したものとする説(保立道久)もある。
- The usual theory is that the Fujiwara clan aristocrats did not want Tamehira since he was MINAMOTO no Takaaki's son-in-law, but there is also the theory that it was taken into consideration that if Tamehira, who is close in age with Reizei was selected as Crown Prince, the rule of Reizei may be too short (Michihisa HODACHI).
- しかし、小辺路の起源は、もともと紀伊山地山中の住人の生活道路として大和国・高野・熊野を結ぶ山岳交通路が開かれていたものが畿内近国と高野山・熊野を結ぶ参詣道として利用され始めたことにあると考えられている。
- However, it is considered that Kohechi was originally a local road connecting Yamato Province, Koya and Kumano for residents in the Kii Mountain Range, and it gradually became a pilgrimage route connecting the provinces in the Kinai region and Koyasan or Kumano.
- 王朝国家体制期は、通常古代の末期に位置づけられるが、分権的な中世の萌芽期と位置づけることも可能であり、古代から中世への過渡期と理解されている(日本文学史研究においては「中古」という表現も用いられている)。
- Although the dynasty system is usually placed as having existed during the end of ancient times, it is also possible to place it during the early years of the middle age having a decentralized system and it is generally accepted as a transient period from the ancient period to the middle age (the expression 'Chuko' (literally, middle old) is used in the historical study of Japanese literature).
- なお、残っている建物こそ少なくても、多くの旧城下町では道の区割りなどに城下町時代の痕跡を残しており、上記のように敵の侵攻を妨ぐように道が区画されていた場合、現在では自動車交通に支障を来していることが多い。
- Although there are few remaining buildings, many previous jokamachi still retain the mark of their jokamachi period in their road division and the like, and since the roads were made to prevent enemy invasion, in many cases, they are limiting automobile transportation.
- また、明治5年太政官布告149号・通称実名併称禁止により毛利家においては諱を名乗ることとなり、同年太政官布告235号・改称禁止令により、出生時の命名が基本となり、元服時に新たに名を付けることは禁止された。
- Also, according to the Dajokan Fukoku (Decrees of the Cabinet) No. 149 that banned the use of the real name and the common name together, the Mori family abolished the use of the common names; also, according to No. 235 of the same decrees that banned the change of names, the clan used the name of birth for life and abolished the custom of renaming at the genpuku.
- バス 近畿日本鉄道大和八木駅、西日本旅客鉄道五条駅 (奈良県)、JR新宮駅より奈良交通(八木新宮線、十津川線) - 「十津川温泉」停留所で十津川村営バス(上湯川線、寺垣内線)に乗換 - 「小原口」停留所下車
- By bus: Take Nara Kotsu Bus Lines (Yagi-Shingu Route, Totsukawa Route) from Yamato-Yagi Station of the Kinki Nippon Railway Company, Gojo Station of the West Japan Railway Company (Nara Prefecture), or JR Shingu Station, and transfer to Totsukawa Village Bus (Kamiyukawa Route, Teragaito Route) at the bus stop of `Totsukawa Onsen Hot Spring' and get off the bus at the bus stop of `Ohara entrance.'
- だが、慶長8年(1603年)、徳川家康は征夷大将軍となり江戸幕府を開設、続いて風説通りに家康は源氏長者・右大臣・秀頼には内大臣昇進があったものの、幼少であるという理由で関白は引き続き兼孝が務める事となった。
- In 1603, however, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA became Seii Taishogun and established the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and then, as it had been rumored, he was promoted to Genji Choja (the head of the Minamoto clan) and Udaijin while Hideyori was promoted only to Naidaijin and Kanetaka continued to serve as Kanpaku for the reason of Hideyori's being too young.
- 江戸時代は山科や四宮、そして髭茶屋追分(現在の大津市追分)までが東海道(三条通の開通に伴い、今は旧街道・旧三条通り等と呼ばれる)の街道筋として一続きの町となり、飛脚や参勤交代をはじめ多くの人々が行き交った。
- During the Edo period, Yamashina, Shinomiya, and Higechaya-oiwake (present day Oiwake, Otsu City) constituted a town along the Tokaido Road (it is now called Old Kaido Road or Old Sanjo-dori Street after the opening the Sanjo-dori Street), where there were many travelers including express messengers and parades by daimyos who would alternate their Edo residence.
- また同じく釜山で、2007年に人体への摂取量を調べた調査では、通常時は約0.01pg-TEQ/kg/日なのが、黄砂の日は0.028 - 0.038pg-TEQ/kg/日と、2倍以上になるという結果が出ている。
- In an investigation in 2007 also in Busan in which the amount of these components taken into human bodies was measured, it was found that 0.028 to 0.038 pg-TEQ/kg/day was taken in the day when kosa fell, more than double 0.01pg-TEQ/kg/day that was taken in an ordinary day.
- 後醍醐天皇は元亨2年(1322年)以後、壷役の直轄化と通常課税化を図り、建武新政の開始を機に五条頼元を造酒正に任命して押小路家の権限を取り上げようとしたが、政権の崩壊とともに失敗に終わり、押小路家が復権した。
- From 1322 and onward, Emperor Godaigo executed direct control over tsubo-yaku and had the tax imposed regularly; taking opportunity of the commencement of Kenmu Restoration, the emperor appointed Yorimoto GOJO as miki no kami and tried to deprive the Oshikoji family of the title, but failed to do so due to the collapse of the administration, and the Oshikoji family restored the right.
- 冬の間、本州付近を支配していた大陸高気圧の張り出しや、移動性高気圧の通り道が北に偏り、一方で、その北方高気圧の張り出しの南縁辺に沿って、冷湿な北東気流が吹いたり、本州南岸沿いに前線が停滞し易くなるために生ずる。
- This phenomenon occurs because of the fact that a front tends to become stationary along the southern shore of Honshu as expansion of continental anticyclone which was dominant during winter in the vicinity of Honshu or the path of the migratory anticyclone leans to the north, and on the other hand, cold and wet northeast airstream flows along southern edge of the expansion of anticyclone from the north.
- 玉置は果無峠越えを試みたのみだったが、登山家の仲西政一郎、郷土史家の杉中浩一郎、作家・林業家の宇江敏勝らによる踏査(1982年)は全ルートを通して歩いただけでなく、沿道の遺跡・民俗・伝承についても報告している。
- Tamaki tried to travel across only Hatenashi Pass, however a group including a mountaineer Masaichiro NAKANISHI, a local history researcher Koichiro SUGINAKA and a writer/forester Toshikatsu UE walked the whole route and reported on relics, folk customs and legends along the road (1982).
- 百人一首の中の小式部内侍が歌った「おほえ山 いくの(生野)の道の遠ければ まだふみも見ず 天橋立」の歌枕として登場する生野は福知山市内の地名であるが、このことからその福知山と交通の歴史の深さを知ることが出来る。
- Ikuno, which appears in the beginning of one of the Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets) was composed by Koshikibu no Naishi saying 'The road going over the Oe-yama mountain range and via Ikuno is so far that I have not set foot on Ama no Hashidate or seen a letter from my mother yet,' and is a place name in Fukuchiyama City; this poem illustrates the long relationship between Fukuchiyama and transportation.
- 京都に旅行へ行ったと嘘をつく人が、この白河(白川)の地について聞かれ川のことだと思い、夜に船で通ったのでよく知らないと答え、嘘がばれたという逸話から、熟睡して前後を知らないことを「白河夜船(白川夜船)」という。
- Shirakawa yofune' (Sound asleep) means that someone was fast asleep and totally unaware of what was going on around, which is based on the anecdote-- when a lier told that he had been on a journey to Kyoto, and he was asked about the Shirakawa area, he thought he was asked about the Shira-kawa River and told that he was not aware much of the river because he traveled down the river by boat in darkness of night, there, he was caught in his lie.
- 1443年(世宗 (朝鮮王)25年)朝鮮通信使書状官として日本に赴いた後、成宗の命を受けて作成したもので、日本の天皇家や国王(各時代の権力者)、地名、国情、交聘往来の沿革、使臣館待遇接待の節目などを記録している。
- After being dispatched to Japan as the recorder of travel logs for the Joseon envoy, Shin wrote the book in 1443 under the order of King Seongjong and it records details including those of Japan's Imperial Family, lords (influential people throughout the ages), place names, the state of national affairs, the movements of the diplomatic mission, and rules of the reception met by the envoy, and so on.
- しかし、身分が鎌倉幕府の直臣たる御家人であることに変わりはなく、足利氏の庶流が足利家の家人になっていったのに対し、従来通りに足利の名字を称して一線を画した(庶流は細川氏、一色氏などと新たな家名を立てた)のである。
- However, his social status was certainly Gokenin (Shogunal retainer) of the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and he traditionally maintained the family name of Ashikaga, distinguishing clearly between his family and the branch families of the Ashikaga clan which gradually became retainers of the Ashikaga family (the branch families adopted new family names such as the Hosokawa clan and the Isshiki clan, which made them famous).
- 盛子の管理していた摂関家領は藤原基通(基実の子)もしくは、盛子が准母となっていた高倉天皇が相続すると思われていたが、法皇は白河殿倉預(くらあずかり)に近臣・藤原兼盛を任じて、事実上その所領の全てを没収してしまった。
- The estate of Sekkan-ke managed by Moriko was thought to be handed over to FUJIWARA no Motomichi (the son of Motozane) or Emperor Takakura whose junbo (a woman who was given the status equivalent to the emperor's birth mother) was Moriko, but the cloistered emperor assigned Shirakawa-dono Kuraazukari (the finance of the palace of Emperor Shirawaka) to FUJIWARA no Kanemori, who was his trusted vassal, and confiscated all of the estate in reality.
- その頃、明治政府の参与を免ぜられて京都に引籠もっていた愛宕通旭はかつて廷臣八十八卿列参事件にも加わった事があり、「天皇の藩屏」たる公卿が薩長の下級武士によって政治の中枢から切り離されていくことに苛立ちを感じていた。
- At the same time, Michiteru OTAGI, who had been dismissed from the position of councilor to the Meiji Government and retired to Kyoto, felt irritated that, despite having participated in the demonstration held by 88 retainers of the Imperial Court and been part of 'the protective wall for the emperor', he had now been cut off from the center of politics by lower-ranking samurai from Satsuma and Choshu.
- だが、貞享4年(1687年)中院通茂が先年の暴言の事実と皇太子への悪意の疑いで追放され(ただし、後年許されて霊元上皇と東山天皇の推挙で幕府から加増を受けている)、直後に朝仁親王(東山天皇)への譲位と院政開始を宣言する。
- However, in 1687, Michishige NAKANOIN was expelled for his abusive remark earlier in the year and was suspected of ill intentions toward the Crown Prince (although he was remitted afterwards and his salaries from the Bakufu were increased at the recommendation of the Retired Emperor Reigen and Emperor Higashiyama), and immediately after that the incumbent emperor declared the abdication of his throne in favor or Imperial Prince Asahito (now Emperor Higashiyama) and the start of his assumption of the virtual reins of the court as retired emperor.
- さらに出雲国の尼子経久、周防国の大内義興、備前国の浦上村宗らの圧迫を受けるようになり、次第に領土を奪われて、政豊の子・山名誠豊の時代には、誠豊が但馬、山名豊時の孫・山名誠通が因幡をかろうじて支配するという状態に陥った。
- Furthermore, the oppression of the Yamana clan by the Tsunehisa AMAGO in the Izumo Province, Yoshioki OUCHI in the Suo Province and Muramune URAGAMI in the Bizen Province began; the only territories they managed to govern were Tanba, during the generation of Nobutoyo YAMANA, the son of Masatoyo, and Inaba, during the generation of his grandson, Nobumichi.
- 近代になると鞆の浦の拠点性はますます低下していき、1913年(大正3年)の鞆鉄道線開通により陸上交通の利便性は向上したものの、半島の先端という孤立した環境や開発可能な平野部が少ないことなどから近代化の波に取り残された。
- Modern Tomonoura had gradually lost its importance as a hub, and even the enhanced land traffic convenience based on the opening of railroads by Tomotetsudo Co., Ltd., in 1913 could not prevent Tomonoura from failing to catch up the others amid the sweeping tide of modernization due to locational disadvantages of being an isolated tip of peninsula and lacking developable plains.
- 中田薫 (学者)の『法制史論集』に収める諸論文や滝川政次郎『律令の研究』は、太平洋戦争以前に発表された代表的な研究文献であるが、これらに共通するものは、中国律令法と日本律令法との相違を明らかにしようとする課題意識である。
- Various research papers in the 'Hoseishi ronshu' (A collection of essays on legal history) by Kaoru NAKADA (scholar) and the 'Ritsuryo no kenkyu' (Studies on Ritsuryo) by Masajiro TAKIKAWA are major research literature published before the Pacific war, and the commonality between them is an attempt to clarify the difference between Chinese ritsuryo law and Japanese ritsuryo law.
- 阪神本線(1905年開業)を嚆矢とし、続く箕面有馬電気軌道(後の阪急宝塚本線、1910年開業)、阪急神戸本線(1920年開業)ほかの各線の開通は、神戸・北摂の未開拓な後背地であった近郊農村地帯への着目のきっかけとなった。
- Beginning with the Hanshin Line (started in 1905), the opening of the subsequent Minoo Arima Electric Tramway (later Hankyu Takarazuka Main Line, started in 1910), the Hanshin Kobe Main Line (started in 1920) and other lines became a trigger for focusing on the suburban farming areas which had previously been unexploited hinterlands in Kobe and Hokusetsu region.
- 近衛尚通の元には合戦当事者を含めた武将やその家臣、僧侶など様々な身分の相手から情報が寄せられて合戦の事情を把握していることが分るのに対して、鷲尾隆康は公家社会の風説を聞いて「恐怖」するのみであったことが知ることが出来る。
- While we can find that Hisamichi KONOE received information from persons of various statuses such as busho including parties of the war and their vassals, and priests, Takayasu WASHIO had just heard rumors in the court noble's society and was 'horrified.'
- これらの史料から安東氏は、鎌倉中期頃から陸奥に広範囲の所領を有した北条氏宗家(得宗)の被官(御内人)として蝦夷の統括者(蝦夷沙汰代官職)に任ぜられ、北条氏を通じて鎌倉幕府の支配下に組み込まれていったものと考えられている。
- Based on these historical materials, it is thought that the Ando clan was appointed to the administrator of Ezo (Ezosata daikan [local governor]) as a hikan (bureaucrat) (Miuchibito) of the head family of Hojo clan (Tokuso [the patrimonial head of the main branch of the Hojo clan]), which had an extensive territory in Mutsu Province from the mid-Kamakura period, and then through the Hojo clan, the Ando clan came to be controlled under the Kanamura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 先の襲津彦伝承に見たような対朝鮮外交を通して、葛城地方に定住することになった多くの渡来系集団が、葛城氏の配下で鍛冶生産(武器・武具などの金属器)を始めとする様々な手工業に従事し、葛城氏の経済力の強化に貢献したとみられる。
- Through the diplomacy that Sotsuhiko had with Korea as described above, it is likely that number of immigrant groups that have been settled in the Katsuraki region contributed in stregthening Katsuraki clan's economic power by being engaged in handycrafts such as smithery (arms and weapons) under the control of the Katsuraki clan.
- 慶応4年3月13日 (旧暦)(1868年4月5日)から明治元年10月18日 (旧暦)(1868年12月1日)までに出された太政官布告、神祇官事務局達、太政官達など一連の通達の総称)に基づき全国的に公的に行われたものを指す。
- This Ordinance meant collectively a series of notifications issued by the Meiji government between April 5, 1868 and December 1, 1868, which included edicts of Daijokan (the Grand Council of State), and notifications of Jingikan (the Department of Worship) and Daijokan.
- 盆地という山々に囲まれた閉鎖的な地形をしているにもかかわらず、福知山周辺地域では少なくとも縄文時代から人が住んでいたことなどから古くから道路が整備され、日本海沿岸、山陰地方と京阪神方面をつなぐ交通の要所として栄えた市である。
- Although the area around Fukuchiyama has a basin which is topographically closed and surrounded by mountains, its roads were developed long ago by people who have lived in this area from at least the Jomon period, allowing Fukuchiyama City to flourish as an important place for transportation connecting areas along the Japan Sea and in the Sanin Region with Keihanshin.
- 幕府は朝廷権威に接近して権力の再構築を図る公武合体政策を行うが、公家の岩倉具視や、薩摩藩の西郷隆盛(吉之助)、大久保利通、小松帯刀、長州藩の桂小五郎(木戸孝允)、広沢真臣などの尊皇攘夷派らは、王政復古、武力討幕路線を構想する。
- Bakufu approached the authority of the Imperial Court and conducted Kobu-gattai (公武合体)policies targeting the re-establishment of their power, but the Sonno joi (尊王攘夷)faction, including the court nobles Tomomi IWAKURA, Takamori SAIGO (Kichinosuke), Toshimichi OKUBO, Tatewaki KOMATSU of the Satsuma clan, Kogoro KATSURA (Takayoshi KIDO) and Saneomi HIROSAWA of the Choshu clan, plotted the acceptance of restoration of imperial rule and tobaku by military power.
- 江戸時代には日本の古典研究などを行う国学が発達し、外国船の来航が多発し、アメリカのマシュー・ペリーやロシアのプチャーチンらが来航して通商を求めると、幕府は条約締結に際して朝廷の勅許を求めたため、天皇、朝廷の伝統的権威が復興する。
- During the Edo period the study of Japanese literature and culture (particularly the study of Japanese classic literature) flourished, and many foreign vessels came to Japan; when Matthew Calbraith Perry of the United States and Evfimiy Vasil'evich Putyatin of Russia came to Japan and requested trade, Bakufu requested permission by the Imperial Court, whereupon the traditional authority of the Emperor and the Imperial Court were revived.
- 朝廷内部では天下人・秀吉を遇するには内大臣では不足であると考えられており、秀吉が右大臣を嫌って左大臣を望む以上、要求通りにするために現在の左大臣である近衛信輔を辞任させて秀吉を左大臣に昇進させる事は避けられないと考えられていた。
- Appointing Hideyoshi to Naidaijin was considered inside the Imperial Court to be unfit for him, the ruler of Japan, and accordingly, the court thought it inevitable to make Nobusuke KONOE resign from Sadaijin and to promote Hideyoshi to Sadaijin to meet his request as long as Hideyoshi hoped to assume the position of Sadaijin, not Udaijin.
- また、バックグラウンド黄砂の成分の特徴として、通常ではCa(カルシウム)が主にCaSO4(硫酸カルシウム)の形で存在しているのに対して、バックグラウンド黄砂では主にCaCO3(炭酸カルシウム)の形で存在していることが挙げられる。
- The components of background kosa are provided with the following feature: While Ca (calcium) in ordinary kosa exists in the form of CaSO4 (calcium sulphate), Ca in background kosa exists in the form of CaCO3 (Calcium carbonate).
- 吉川広家の内通時に毛利氏は担ぎ上げられただけとの弁明により、所領は安泰であったが、敗戦後に大坂城で押収された書状に連判状に輝元の名があったことから徳川家康は約束を反故にし、輝元は責任を問われ周防国・長門国(長州藩)に減封された。
- As it was explained that Terumoto had been just deceived, when Hiroie KIKKAWA communicated secretly, Terumoto managed to keep his territories; however, as his name was found in a (secret) covenant under joint signature found in Osaka-jo Castle after the defeat, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA annulled the agreement, and Terumoto took the blame and his territories were diminished to the Suo Province and Nagato Province (Choshu Domain).
- 鳥羽・伏見の戦い直後の明治元年(慶応4年)1月17日(1868年2月10日)、参与・大久保利通は、総裁・有栖川宮熾仁親王に対して、天皇が石清水八幡宮に参詣し、続いて大坂行幸を行なって、その後も引き続き大坂に滞在することを提言した。
- Directly after the battle of Toba and Fushimi on February 10, 1868, Sanyo and Toshimichi OKUBO regarding the presidency and Imperial Prince Taruhito, Arisugawa-no-miya, advocated that the emperor make a pilgrimage to Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine, and then go to Osaka where he would continue to reside.
- 通信使は釜山広域市から海路、対馬に寄港し、それから下関市を経て瀬戸内海を航行し、大坂からは川御座船に乗り換えて淀川を遡航し、淀よりは輿(三使)、馬(上・中官)と徒歩(下官)で行列を連ね、陸路を京都を経て江戸に向かうルートを取った。
- Tsushinshi came to Edo through the following route: The envoy got on board a ship at Pusan Metropolitan City, called at Tsushima, sailed through the Seto Inland Sea via Shimonoseki City, changed ships to Kawa gozabune (a roofed pleasure boat with a tatami floor and shoji used in a river) at Osaka, sailed up the Yodo-gawa River, and from Yodo, went by road in a procession of palanquins, each of which carried one of the three highest-ranked persons of the envoy, horses on which high or middle officers of the envoy rode and the other lower officers of the envoy who walked, via Kyoto.
- 更に淀付近から淀川水運を利用して東は草津宿・南は奈良・西は難波方面に出る交通路として用いられたと考えられているが、その後の戦乱で荒廃し、現在では一部が旧大坂街道として残されているものの、多くの地域において経路の跡すら失われている。
- Furthermore, water transport in the Yodo-gawa River was utilized in the Yodo area, making it a road that led to the Kusatsu-juku Post Station in the east, to Nara in the south, and to Nanba in the west; however, it became desolate from the disturbances of the later wars, and although parts of the road exist today as Old Osaka-kaido Road, even the tracks of the course are lost in many of the areas.
- 江戸時代を通じて朝鮮通信使一行のための迎賓館として使用された備後国鞆の浦(現在の広島県福山市鞆町)の福禅寺境内の現在の本堂と隣接する客殿(対潮楼)は江戸時代の1690年(元禄3年)に建立され、日本の漢学者や書家らとの交流の場となった。
- The guest hall (called Taichoro) adjacent to the present main hall in the premises of Fukuzen-ji Temple in the Tomonouwa of the Bingo Province was built in 1690 in the Edo period and was used as a state guest hall for Chosen Tsushinshi throughout the Edo period, also becoming a place where Japanese scholars of the Chinese classics and Japanese calligraphers interacted with Tsushinshi.
- 承久の乱後、佐々木信綱が現地の地頭に任じられたが、延暦寺・下鴨社ともに対抗するために延暦寺は堅田に湖上関を設置して他所の船を排斥し、下鴨社は堅田の漁民・船主に漁業権・航行権(水上通行権)を保障する事で堅田の経済的・交通的特権を保証した。
- After the Jokyu War, although Nobutsuna SASAKI was appointed as Jito (estate steward) there, both Enryaku-ji Temple and Shimogamo-sha Shrine decided to rebel against him: Enryaku-ji Temple established Kojo-seki (a checkpoint on the lake) at Katata to keep non-Enryaku-ji-temple ships away and Shimogamo-sha Shrine guaranteed economic and traffic privileges of Katata by protecting fishery and navigation rights for fishermen and shipowners of Katata.
- 小辺路の生活道路としての形成時期ははっきりしないが、小辺路が通行する十津川村・野迫川村の領域に関係する史料には8世紀にさかのぼるものが見られ、また、周辺に介在する遺跡・史資料などから少なくとも平安時代には開創されていたと考えられている。
- The time when Kohechi began to be formed as community road is unknown; however, there is a historical document about Totsukawa Village and Nosegawa Village through which Kohechi passes dates back to the eighth century, besides there remain relics and other historical materials which can be linked to the road, therefore, it is considered that Kohechi was formed in the Heian period at the very latest.
- 永禄の変(えいろくのへん)は、永禄8年5月19日 (旧暦)(1565年6月17日)、三好三人衆(三好長逸・三好政康・岩成友通)と松永久秀らの軍勢によって室町幕府第13代征夷大将軍・足利義輝が京都・二条御所に襲撃され、討死した事件である。
- In the Eiroku Incident, troops led by the so-called 'Miyoshi Triumvirate' (Nagayuki MIYOSHI, Masayasu MIYOSHI and Tomomichi IWANARI) and Hisahide MATSUNAGA attacked and killed Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, the 13th Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), at the then Imperial Palace in Nijo, Kyoto on Eiroku 8, the 19th day of the 5th month (according to the old calendar) (June 17, 1565).
- 池田屋事件(いけだやじけん)は、江戸時代後期の元治元年6月5日 (旧暦)(1864年7月8日)に、京都三条通木屋町通(三条小橋)の旅館池田屋で京都守護職配下の治安維持組織である新撰組が、潜伏していた長州藩の尊皇攘夷派を襲撃した事件である。
- The Ikedaya Incident is the name given to an event that took place on July 8,1864 towards the end of the Edo Period in which the Shinsen-gumi, who was a peacekeeping organization under the Kyoto protectorate, attacked the imperial loyalist faction from Choshu who were hiding out at the Ikedaya Inn at Kiyamachi (Sanjou-Kobashi Bridge) on Sanjou-Street in Kyoto.
- 綱吉は小倉の勅命違反の事実を重視して小倉実起と嫡男の小倉公連、その弟の竹淵季件を佐渡国へと流刑を命じ、藪家や中園家といった小倉家の同族に対しても逼塞を命じた(なお、この処分が決定する直前に天和への改元が以前からの予定通りに実施されている)。
- Taking Ogura's failure to obey the imperial command seriously, Tsunayoshi ordered to banish Saneoki OGURA, his legitimate son Kintsura OGURA and Kintsura's younger brother Kiken TAKEBUCHI to Sado Province, and relatives of Ogura including the Yabu and Nakazono families under house arrest (incidentally, immediately before these punishments, the imperial era name had been changed to Tenwa as scheduled beforehand).
- そのため、小辺路や大峯奥駈道のような例外はあるものの、古人の拓いた道と現在の主要な交通路が、並行(中辺路と国道311号線、JR紀勢本線・国道42号線の紀伊半島部分と大辺路・伊勢路)していることや、重複(前述)していることが少なくないのである。
- With the exception of roads including Kohechi and Omine Okugake-michi (paths), roads developed by ancient people and current major traffic routes are often paralleled (examples: Nakahechi and National Route 311; portion of National Route 42 and the JR Kisei Main Line included in Kii Peninsula and Ohechi and Ise-ji Routes) or often overlapped (as prescribed earlier).
- 唐物とは文字通り唐渡りの品であり、バサラ文化においては、現代でいうとグッチやカルティエのごときブランド物のように、珍奇なものということで大いにもてはやされ、吉田兼好などの知識人からは煙たがれていたわけだが、これを義満は好み、権威づけていった。
- Karamono was the item from Kara (China or Korea) as according to the word, and it was greatly popular as unique goods by the Basara culture such as Gucci and Cartier of modern times and was a nuisance for intellectuals such as Kenko YOSHIDA, but Yoshimitsu favored it and became an authority in that field.
- 宗家と庶家の関係はいわば本家と分家と同義であるが、一般的な分家と異なるのは、分家であれば本家と同姓を称するのが通例であるが、庶家という場合、その多くは宗家と同姓を用いることを避け、或いは禁じられその多くが別姓を称した家柄が多いという点にある。
- The relationship between the head of a family and Shoke is the same as that of the head of a household and a branch family, Shoke differed from an ordinary branch family because a branch family ordinarily had the same family name as that of the head family while many Shoke avoided or were prohibited from using the same family name and instead used another family name.
- 高速道路は整備が遅れていたが、現在は舞鶴若狭自動車道が敦賀市方面と阪神方面を貫くとともに、山陰自動車道・京都縦貫自動車道が京都市方面と鳥取市方面を貫くべく建設中である(現在は宮津天橋立インターチェンジから舞鶴大江インターチェンジまでが開通)。
- Although expressway construction was slow, the Maizuru Wakasa Expressway was completed to connect Tsuruga City and Hanshin regions; the Sanin Expressway and the Kyoto Longitudinal Expressway are being built to directly connect Kyoto City and Tottori City (the section between the Miyazu Amanohashidate Interchange and the Maizuru Oe Interchange is now open).
- そこで同じ摂津国の昆陽野(兵庫県伊丹市)、更には播磨国印南野(兵庫県加古川市)に新しい京を造営する話が持ち上がったが、どちらの話も立ち消えとなり、7月には福原をしばらく皇居とし、道路を開通させて親平氏派の一部の人々に限り宅地が与えられることになった。
- Proposals were then made to build the new capital in Koyano (Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture), Settsu Province and then in Inamino (Kakogawa City, Hyogo Prefecture), Harima Province but these came to nothing, and in July the Imperial Palace was temporarily set up in Fukuhara, and some roads were built and land was granted for houses to some Taira clan associates.
- こうした動きは、院と深く連携して院政の軍事警察部門を担当することを平氏政権の基盤に置くものであり、その中心には重盛がいたが、その一方で清盛は、西国に築いた強固な経済・軍事・交通基盤によって院政とは独自の路線を志向するようになっていたと考えられている。
- Such actions required a close relationship with the Retired Emperor and left the Taira clan administration, with Shigemori at its center, in charge of the military guard division of the cloister government, while on the other hand, Kiyomori is thought to have pursued a route independent of the Retired Emperor and established strong financial, military and transportation foundations in the west.
- 主に屋外の物品に砂ぼこりが付着して汚したり、周囲の見通し(視程)や日照を悪化させたり、交通に障害を与えたり、人間や家畜などが砂ぼこりを吸い込んで健康に悪影響を与えたりするなど、多数の被害が発生し、経済的損失は毎年7000億円を超えると推定されている。
- Kosa causes lots of damage described as in the following and the economical loss due to it is estimated to exceed 700 billion yen yearly: Dust from kosa adheres to things placed outdoors, making them dirty, degrades outdoor visibility, makes the sunlight reaching the ground weaker, obstructs traffic, and adversely affects the health of human beings and animals from inhaling the dust.
- 第一番から第三十三番までの巡礼道は約1000kmであり四国八十八箇所の遍路道約1400kmと比較すれば短いが、京都市内をのぞいて札所間の距離が長いため、現在では全行程を歩き巡礼する人はとても少なく、自家用車や公共交通機関を利用する人がほとんどである。
- The total distance of the junrei-do (pilgrimage route) from the first fudasho temple to the thirty-third one is approximately 1000 kilometers, which is shorter than the henro michi (pilgrimage route) of the Shikoku Hachijuhakkasho (Eighty-eight Holy Places in the Shikoku region); because the distance between two fudasho temples of the Saigoku Sanjusankasho are long except in Kyoto City, however, a few people nowadays walk the entire pilgrimage route and instead most use their own cars or public transportation.
- 慶応3年3月10日 (旧暦)(1867年4月14日)、新選組を離脱し御陵衛士(高台寺党)を結成した伊東甲子太郎は勤王倒幕運動に勤しみ、薩摩と通謀して近藤勇を暗殺しようとたくらんでいる事が、新選組が間諜として潜り込ませていた斎藤一によって明らかとなった。
- On April 14, 1867 (March 10 according to the old calendar), a plan by Kashitaro ITO (who broke away from the Shinsengumi and organized the Goryo-eji (guards of Imperial mausoleums, also known as Kodaiji-to) and led a movement to revere the emperor and overthrow the shogunate) to assassinate Isami KONDO (head of the Shinsengumi) together with Satsuma was outed by Hajime SAITO, a spy that was sent from the Shinsengumi.
- 小辺路を含む熊野川流域に自動車道が初めて通じたのは1922年(大正11年)、北の五條市から天辻峠(標高800メートル)にトンネルを開削してのことであったが工事は遅々として進まず、川津集落 まで開通したのはようやく1936年(昭和11年)のことであった。
- By building a tunnel from Gojo City at the north to Tentsuji Pass (800 meters above sea level), in 1922, a motor road was constructed for the first time at Kumano-gawa River Basin through which Kohechi went, however the construction was deferred again and again, and in 1936 the road to Kawatsu Village was finally completed.
- そこで、白石は、「対等」「簡素」「和親」を骨子として、まず待遇を簡素化し、対馬から江戸の間で宴席は下関市、鞆の浦、大坂、京都、名古屋、駿府の6ヶ所に限定し、他の宿所では食料の提供にとどめることとし、接待には通過する各藩の藩主が出向かずともよいことにした。
- Then Hakuseki simplified the treatment of the envoy as in the following based on 'Being equal,' 'Being simple,' and 'Being friendly:' For simplifying the treatment, banquets should be held at the six places of Shimonoseki City, Tomonoura, Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya and Sunpu between Tsushima and Edo, only meals should be provided in other lodging places, and the lords of the domains where the envoy passed should not be required to go to meet the envoy.
- 後醍醐天皇の元亨2年(1322年)以後、壷銭を通常の課税とする議論は度々行われてきたが、延暦寺などの反対もあり漸く南北朝時代_(日本)に入って以後、造酒正によって徴税が行われるようになったが、延暦寺などの支援を受けて課税忌避を図る酒屋もあり対立が続いた。
- Since 1322 when Emperor Godaigo was in power, arguments to turn tsubo-sen into a form of regular taxation had arisen many times, but opposition by Enryaku-ji Temple delayed collecting taxes from sake dealers by miki no kami (Chief of the Sake Office) until the period of Northern and Southern Courts, and conflicts continued because some sake breweries refused to pay tax with Enryaku-ji Temple on their side.
- 1443年(嘉吉3年)には、南朝復興を唱える日野氏傍流の日野有光らの勢力が後花園天皇の暗殺を企てて御所に乱入(暗殺は未遂)、三種の神器の天叢雲剣と八尺瓊勾玉を奪い、南朝皇族の通蔵主・金蔵主兄弟(後亀山の弟の孫)を担いで比叡山に逃れる「禁闕の変」を起こした。
- In 1443 (the third year of Kakitsu), Arimitsu HINO, from a branch of the Hino family, who was constantly talking of reviving the Southern Court, sent a force that was planning to assassinate Emperor Gohanazono to enter the Imperial Palace (the assassination attempt failed), where they stole two of the Three Imperial Regalia of Japan, the Ama no Murakumo no Tsurugi (the heavenly cloud gathering sword) and the Yasakani no Magatama (the Grand Jewels) before fleeing to Mt. Hiei accompanied by Tsuzoshu and Gonzoshu, brothers of the Southern dynasty lineage (the grandchildren of Gokameyama's younger brother) in what became known as the Kinketsu Incident (or the Incident at the Forbidden Palace).
- この動きにより、地頭請、下地中分等を通じた武家の側からのみならず、領家側からの一円知行化が活発となり、領家職を持つ地頭や地頭職を持つ領家が現れるなど、従来の身分格差に応じた職の体系が崩れだし、荘園・公領における領家職・地頭職のあり方が大きく変わることとなった。
- This development stimulated the proliferation of Shinryo ichien chigyo not only from the samurai side through jito-uke (system under which the jito controls a manor and pays a fixed fee to its owner) and shitaji-chubun (halving of revenue source land) but also from ryoke (lords of manors), resulting in the beginning of breakdown of the traditional system of occupational positions based on status differences, which involved the emergence of jito having a ryoke position and vice versa, and eventually in a major change of ryoke positions and jito positions in manors and public estates.
- 後花園天皇の実父である後崇光院が著した『看聞日記』をはじめとする同時代の日記類によれば、事件は9月24日に起こり、首謀者は南朝の後亀山天皇あるいはその弟の子孫とされる金蔵主、通蔵主の兄弟、鎌倉時代の後鳥羽上皇の後胤を称する源尊秀、日野氏傍流の日野有光、日野資光ら。
- According to diaries written at that time such as the 'Kanomon Nikki (Diary)' written by Emperor Hanazono's biological father, Gosukoin, the incident occurred on September 24 and the main people behind the incident were the Kinzosu and Tsuzosu brothers who were thought to be descendants of the Southern Court Emperor Gokameyama or his brother, MINAMOTO no Takahide, who claimed to be a descendant of the Retired Emperor Gotoba (Kamakura period) and Arimitsu HINO and Sukemitsu HINO, who came from a branch line of the Hino clan.
- 通例として、京都市右京区京北の流域にかけては上桂川(かみかつらがわ)、南丹市園部町に入ると桂川、南丹市八木町から亀岡市にかけては大堰川(おおいがわ)、亀岡市の保津橋又は保津峡から嵐山あたりまでは保津川(ほづがわ)などと名を変え、嵐山から合流地点は再び桂川と称される。
- Conventionally, the river along Keihoku, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City is referred to as the Kamikatsura-gawa River; the one along Sonobe-cho, Nantan City is the Katsura-gawa River; the one from Yagi-cho, Nantan City to Kameoka City is the Oi-gawa River; the one from the Hozu-hashi Bridge or Hozu-kyo Gorge to Arashiyama is the Hozu-gawa River; and the one from Arashiyama to the junction is again the Katsura-gawa River.
- しかし各地の防備の状況が倭寇に漏れるのを恐れ、交易統制のためもあり、1407年、朝鮮王朝は興利倭船(米、魚、塩など日常品の交易をする船)の入港場を釜山浦・薺浦(乃而浦とも、慶尚南道の鎮海市)に制限し、1410年には使送船(使節による通交船)についても同様の措置が取られる。
- However, since the Korean Dynasty was afraid that the information about their defensive preparation along the territory might be leaked to the wako pirates, they limited the entry of koriwasen (ships used to deliver daily necessities such as rice, fish and salt) in 1407, so that these ships were allowed to use only the Pusanpo (port of Busan) and the Seiho (port of Sei, and this port was also called Naijiho), which both were located in Jinhae City, South Gyeongsang Province. The Dynasty also applied the same policy to shisosen (ships used to dispatch envoys) in 1410.
- また近江は、「アラ」は鉄の古語であるということと、山砂鉄による製鉄や、その他の鉱物採取を実態としていた修験道はアラハバキ信仰を取り入れ、「ハバキ」は山伏が神聖視する「脛巾」に通じ、アラハバキはやがて「お参りすると足が良くなる」という「足神」様に変容していったと述べている。
- Additionally, Omi explains that 'Ara' is an ancient word for iron and Shugendo (Japanese mountain asceticism-shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhist concepts), which was actually involved in iron production using mountain iron sand and collecting other minerals, incorporated Arahabaki beliefs, and 'Habaki' is related to the 'Habaki' (shin guard) which Yamabushi (a mountain priest) considers holy and therefore Arahabaki eventually transformed into a 'god of feet,' considering 'your legs get better if you worship at the shrine.'
- しかし由良川は国土交通大臣が国民経済上特に重要な河川などに対して指定する一級水系に指定されているとおり、市内に供給される浄水場の原水や農業用水としては勿論のこと、今では市民の手による鮎や鮭の稚魚の放流といったイベントが開かれるなど、市民の生活には欠くことのできない川である。
- However, the Yura-gawa River is designated as a first class river, a classification designated by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism indicating rivers which are especially important to the national economy; these days, the river is essential to people's lives, as its water is used to supply water to the city via a purification plant for agriculture; moreover, various events, such as the release of young sweetfish and salmon are also held by citizens at the river as well.
- 1863年(文久3年)に起こったクーデターである八月十八日の政変において、薩摩藩・会津藩などの公武合体派に敗れて失脚した尊皇攘夷派の公卿の三条実美(清華家)・三条西季知(大臣家)および四条隆謌・東久世通禧・壬生基修・錦小路頼徳・澤宣嘉ら7人が京都から追放され、長州藩へと逃れた。
- During the political turmoil of August 18, which was a coup occurring in 1863, whereby seven nobles, namely Sanetomi SANJO (Seiga family), Suetomo SANJONISHI (Daijin family), Takauta SHIJO, Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE, Motoosa MIBU, Yorinori NISHIKINOKOJI, and Nobuyoshi SAWA, who supported the doctrine of restoring the emperor to power and expelling the barbarians, fell from power when defeated by supporters of the noble-samurai coalition from the Satsuma clan, Aizu clan, etc., and were banished from Kyoto and fled to Choshu Domain.
- 14世紀には、「渡党」(北海道渡島半島。近世の松前藩の前身)、「日の本」(北海道 (地方公共団体)太平洋側と千島。近世の東蝦夷)、「唐子」(北海道日本海側と樺太。近世の西蝦夷)に分かれ、渡党は和人と言葉が通じ、本州との交易に従事したという文献(『諏訪大明神絵詞』)が残っている。
- In the fourteenth century the Ezo group was divided into Watari-to (Oshima Peninsula in Hokkaido, the predecessor of the Matsumae domain in modern history), Hinomoto (the Pacific Ocean side of Hokkaido (local public entity) and Chishima (Kurile Islands), or Higashi-Ezo in modern history), Karako (the Sea of Japan side of Hokkaido and Sakhalin, or Nishi-Ezo in modern history); and a record stating that Watari-to could communicate with Japanese and conducted trade with people in Honshu is seen in one document (Suwa Daimyojin Ekotoba).
- 遣唐使船は、大阪住吉区の住吉大社で海上安全の祈願を行い、海の神の「住吉大神」を船の舳先に祀り、住吉津(大阪市住吉区)から出発し、住吉の細江(現・細江川。通称・細井川。細井川駅)から大阪湾に出、難波津(大阪市中央区 (大阪市))に立ち寄り、瀬戸内海を経て那の津(福岡県福岡市)に至る。
- People used to pray in Sumiyoshi-taisha Shrine in Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka, for safety of the ships for mission to Tang China, and put 'Sumiyoshi-Daijin,' the alter of the god of the sea, on the bow of the ships; they left Suminoe no tsu (Suminoe Port) (Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka City) and entered the Osaka gulf from Hosoe in Sumiyoshi (current Hosoe-gawa River, commonly called as Hosoi-gawa River; Hosoigawa Station), stopped over in Naniwa no tsu (Naniwa Port) (Chuo Ward, Osaka City) and arrived at Nanotsu (Fukuoka City in Fukuoka Prefecture) via Seto Island Sea.
- 円融もこのような権力の空白状況のなかで、新皇統を確立する可能性のある候補者として注目され、藤原兼通(師輔の次男)の娘藤原こう子、藤原頼忠(実頼の長男)の娘藤原遵子、藤原兼家(師輔の三男)の娘東三条院ら、皇后となり皇太子を産むにふさわしい身分の妻と有力な外戚の後ろ盾を得ることができた。
- In this situation where there was a power vacuum, Enyu attracted attention as a candidate to establish a new Imperial lineage and was able to obtain wives with high lineage who could become empress and give birth to a crown prince, such as FUJIWARA no Kanemichi (Morosuke's second son)'s daughter, FUJIWARA no Koshi,FUJIWARA no Yoritada (Saneyori's first son)'s daughter, FUJIWARA no Junshi, FUJIWARA no Kaneie (Morosute's third son)'s daughter, Higashisanjyoin and also the support of influential maternal relatives.
- 例えば1428年(正長元年)派遣の使節に同行した書記官の申叔舟が著した『海東諸国紀』によると、倭寇禁圧要請と併せて倭寇の根拠地の特定、倭寇と守護大名、有力国人、土豪との関係、都市部の発展状況や通貨政策など国力状況の観察、日本での仏教の展開状況をはじめ15項目の調査内容があったという。
- For example, according to 'Kaitoshokokuki' (literally, descriptions of various countries across the sea) written by Sukchu SIN, a secretary of the envoy dispatched in 1428, the survey included 15 items including the following: identifying base-places of wako together with a request of prohibiting wako (Japanese pirates) actions, observing Japan's power, such as relationships among wako, shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords), dominant Kokujin (local samurai) and local clans, states of progress in urban areas, and monetary policies, and checking the states of progress of Buddhism in Japan.
- 事件は、京都帝国大学法学部の瀧川幸辰教授が、1932年10月中央大学法学部で行った講演「『復活』を通して見たるトルストイの刑法観」の内容(レフ・トルストイの思想について「犯罪は国家の組織が悪いから出る」などと説明)が無政府主義的として文部省および司法省内で問題化したことに端を発する。
- The incident started when a lecture, 'Tolstoy's view on penal law through his novel, 'Resurrection'' in October 1932 by Professor Yukitoki TAKIGAWA of the Faculty of Law, Kyoto Imperial University explained in his talk that 'Criminal offenses occur when organization of the national governmental is bad,' which was considered problematic by the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Law as being anarchist.
- これは後の鎌倉幕府による本格的な武家政権支配と比較すると、御家人制度のように確立されたものでもなく未熟なものだったといえるが、武士を通じた支配ネットワークを構築したことは従前の貴族政権には見られない画期的なものとされ、ゆえに学界では発現期の武家政権であるとする評価が主流となっている。
- Later, compared to the more established samurai government control by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), it was an undeveloped system without an established lower-ranking vassal system, but was nonetheless significant because it built a control network through bushi that was not seen in previous aristocratic governments, and therefore in the academic field it is largely considered as a beginning form of samurai government.
- 近年の研究では、従来から言われていた894年(寛平6年)の遣唐使廃止や896年(寛平8年)の造籍、私営田抑制、滝口の武士の設置等に加え、国司に一国内の租税納入を請け負わせる国司請負や、位田等からの俸給給付等を民部省を通さずに各国で行う等、国司の権限を強化する改革を次々と行ったとされている。
- According to recent studies, in addition to the abolition of Kento-shi (Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China) in 894, register of population, restriction of the private land, and deployment of Takiguchi no Bushi (the guards of the Imperial Palace who were in charge near the palace waterfall) in 896, he seems to have continuously carried out reforms to strengthen the power of kokushi (provincial governors), such as kokushi ukeoi to make kokushi collect all local taxes in their provinces, and making each province pay the salary directly from iden (fields given based on ikai, the court rank) without going through the minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs).
- しかしその実は、当時世界最高水準の複式簿記考案(中井源左衛門・日野商人)(小倉栄一郎『江州中井家帳合の法』)や、契約ホテルのはしりとも言える「大当番仲間」制度の創設(日野商人)、現在のチェーン店の考えに近い出店・枝店を積極的に開設するなど、徹底した合理化による流通革命だったと評価されている。
- In reality, however, they are now considered the pioneers who brought revolutionary changes to the distribution business by strictly pursuing the concept of streamlining, as seen in the examples of the invention of the double-entry system in bookkeeping by a merchant from Hino, Genzaemon NAKAI, which was at the highest level in the word at that time (according to Eiichi OGURA 'Goshu Nakai-ke chogo no ho' (bookkeeping method of the Nakai family in Omi Province)); the establishment of the system of 'Otoban nakama' by the merchants from Hino, which can said to be an early concept of the contracted hotel; and the expansion of the business by proactively opening branches, which is a similar concept to today's chain stores.
- ところが、1793年にインドの植民地化を進めるイギリスは北インドにおいてザミンダーリー制を導入して領主・地主を土地の近代的な土地所有権者と認める一方で、従来現地住民が持っていた土地所有権・耕作権を強制的に剥奪して領主・地主の小作人として所属させ、領主・地主を通じて恒久的に現金を徴税する制度であった。
- However in 1793, the United Kingdom, which tried to colonize India, introduced the Zamindari system in the north of India, admitted the lords and landowners as those who had a modern landownership, but forcibly deprived the traditional local people of landownership and the right to cultivate and made them tenant farmers who belonged to the lords and landowners and systematically collected tax as cash money through the lords and landowners permanently.
- 近年では吉村茂樹が、当時の災害異変が突出していないこと、後三条の病気(糖尿病と推定されている)が重篤化したのが退位後であることを理由として、摂関家を外戚に持たない実仁親王に皇位を継承させることによる王権の拡大を意図し、摂関政治への回帰を阻止したものであって院政の意図はなかったと主張し、通説化している。
- In recent years, Shigeki YOSHIMURA has been asserted on the grounds that there was no sharp rise in disasters/accidents at that time, and Gosanjo's illness (assumed to be diabetes) became significantly worse only after his abdication, and that this was intended for the expansion of sovereignty by having Imperial Prince Sanehito, who did not have Sekkan-ke as cognates, succeed to the throne, thereby preventing the return to Sekkan seiji; however, there was no intention to start insei, and consequently such a view has become accepted.
- 弘和/永徳・元中/至徳 (日本)年間に入ると、南朝は動乱初期からその支えとして活躍してきた懐良親王、北畠顕能、宗良親王の相次ぐ死と、対北朝強硬路線を通していた長慶天皇の譲位により、衰退を極める事となったが、明徳年間の足利義満による相次ぐ有力守護大名勢力削減により、北朝に抵抗する術を殆ど失うようになる。
- But having reached the period of the Kowa/Entoku and Genchu/Shitoku eras, Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, Akiyoshi KITABATAKE, and Imperial Prince Muneyoshi, who had been fighting for the Southern Court from the early days of their anti-shogunal struggle, and had been the Southern Court's main support, died one after the other, and when Emperor Chokei--who had been such a stalwart opponent of the Northern Court--abdicated, the Southern Court entered a period of extreme decline; during the Meitoku period, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was able to greatly reduce the power and influence of the strongest shugo daimyo one after another, until almost all means to resist the Northern Court had been lost.
- 運行地域は、市バスが旧市街地中心で、京阪京都交通は西京区並びに亀岡市方面からの乗り入れ、京都バスが右京区嵯峨地区と左京区岩倉・鞍馬・大原地区、京阪バスが山科区と伏見区東部および比叡山方面、阪急バスが西京区(洛西ニュータウン)、西日本JRバスが旧京北町からの乗り入れとなっているが、一部競合区間が存在する。
- The City Bus operates mainly around the old urban area: Keihan Kyoto Kotsu from Nishikyo Ward and Kameoka City to the central area, the Kyoto Bus around the Saga area in Ukyo Ward and Iwakura, Kurama, Ohara area in Sakyo Ward, the Keihan Bus around Yamashina Ward, the east area of Fushimi Ward and Mt. Hiei-zan, the Hankyu Bus around Nishikyo Ward (Rakusai New Town), and the West JR Bus from former Keihoku-cho to the central area (some routes overlap).
- また通称「京都府道28号小倉西舞鶴線」や国道27号を中心にベストワン舞鶴店(同2,396㎡、平成8年開業)や100満ボルト舞鶴店(同1,589㎡、平成8年開業)など郊外型大型店や洋服の青山やオートバックス、スシローなどロードサイド型店舗などが多数立地し、福井県や丹後地方からの近隣からの流入も増加している。
- Also around the road commonly called 'Kyoto Prefectural Road 28 Kokura Nishi Maizuru Line' and National Route 27, numerous shops have been built, such as large suburban shopping centers including Best one (an appliance store) Maizuru store (floor space: 2,396 square meters, open in 1996), and 100 man volt (an appliance store in 3Q Group) Maizuru store (floor space: 1,589 square meters, open in 1996), and road-side stores including Yofuku no Aoyama (a men's clothing store, Aoyama Trading Co., Ltd.), Autobacs Seven Co., Ltd. (an auto-supply shop), and AKINDO SUSHIRO CO., LTD. (a sushi restaurant), and they also lead to an increase in a population flow from nearby including Fukui Prefecture and Tango region.
- このため、日本の大名、商人らが朝鮮に通交する者が急増したが、彼らの中には交易に不都合があると倭寇に変貌するような者もいたので、朝鮮政府は1407年頃国防上の見地から興利倭船の入港地を慶尚左道都万戸所在地の東莱県富山浦(現在の釜山広域市)と慶尚右道都万戸所在地の金海府乃而浦(現在の慶尚南道鎮海市)に限定した。
- Therefore, the number of Japanese daimyo (feudal lord) and merchants trading with Korea rapidly increased, but because some of them turned into wako (Japanese pirates) once they found unfavorable terms of trade, the Korean government eventually restricted the port of entry for koriwasen (ship for trading with Korea) only to Busanpo, Tongne Prefecture (present Busan Metropolitan City), the location where Local naval officer of Gyeongsang left-sided Prefecture was, and, Naijiho, Jinhae Prefecture (present, Jinhae City, Gyeongsang-namdo Prefecture), the location where Local naval officer of Gyeongsang right-sided Prefecture was, around 1407.
- 高麗の荘園は農荘・田荘・別墅などと呼ばれ、荘園には耕作地以外にも山野や森林などを含み、その中に農舎・亭楼・学堂・仏寺などが設置され、中には内部で利潤を目的とした墓地や長利(高利貸)経営を行う為の施設を有する者もいたが、ほとんどの所有者は通常は都市に住み、実際の運営は現地に派遣された奴僕によって行われていた。
- The manors during the Goryeo period were called noso (manor), denso (manor), bessho (villa) and so on, and in addition to the cultivated areas they included mountains, fields, forests and so on and there the farmhouses, towers, schools, Buddhist temples, and so on were built and some had facilities inside for the management of cemeteries or Shylock for profit, but most of the owners usually lived in the city and the management was, in fact, conducted by the subordinates sent to the spot.
- これに対して南インドでは伝統的な村落共同体の影響が強いために、農民の従来通りの土地所有を前提としてより緩やかなライーヤトワーリー制が導入されたものの、5-6割の地租の前に未納を理由とした官の没収もしくは納税のための借金のかたに領主・地主層からなる金融業者の差押を経て北インドと同様の土地支配体制が広がっていった。
- In contrast to this, the influence of the village community was strong in the south of India and though the more loose Raiyatowari system was introduced there on the premise of traditional farmers' landownership, the lands were confiscated by government officials because of non-payment of 50 to 60 percent of land tax, or the lands were seized by money brokers who consisted of the lords and landowners because of tax payments for debts and through these, the land government system spread as in the north of India.
- 秀就の子・綱広以降の江戸時代には偏諱を受ける相手は徳川将軍となり(称松平・賜諱の家格とされた)、世子は元服時に将軍諱の下の字(○)を受け、「○元」などと名乗る習わしであった(しかし、「○元」と名乗る場合はむしろ少なくなり、「○広」、「○就」、「○房」、「○親」、「○熙」など他の通字を使用するケースが多くなった)。
- During the Edo period after Tsunahiro, who was Hidenari's son, the Mori clan was granted to use a portion of the first names of the Tokugawa Shogun, and the heirs of the Mori clan used names that employed the last letter of the names of shogun for the half of their names, as 'O元' (However, it was becoming more common to use tsuji, distinctive character used in the names of all of them belonging to a single clan or lineage, such as 'O広,' 'O就,' 'O房,' 'O親,' and 'O熙'.)
- 甲斐国武田氏領内における城を中心として見られる迎撃と射撃が補完しあう拠点としての曲輪馬出や、関東地方の後北条氏領内や九州北部地域の城を中心として見られる敵の侵攻経路を管制する堀城の堀、あるいは、火縄銃が多く流通した畿内を中心として見られる射撃拠点としての矢倉や望楼を多く伴う城など、地域ごとにさまざまな縄張りへの工夫が見られる。
- Depending on the region, various devices in nawabari (castle plan; general term for the layout of a castle and its component structures) are seen such as kuruwa umadashi (walls of a Japanese castle and it refers to one of the types of the arrangement of a defensive territory around the castle) that is mainly seen in castles in the territory of the Takeda clan in the Kai Province and which is used as a base for interception and shootings, supplementing each other, moat of horijiro (castle surrounded by a moat) for controlling the route of invasion of opponents which is mainly seen in castles in the territory of the Gohojo clan in the Kanto district or in the northern part of Kyushu, and castles with many yagura and boro (watch tower) used as bases for shooting, which are mainly seen in Kinai, in which a large number of matchlock guns were traded.
- 発生期の武士の家組織の内部奉公人の中においても武士と同様に戦場では騎馬戦士として活動した郎党や、徒歩で戦った従卒がいたが、室町・戦国期になると武士身分の拡散が大きくなり、狭義の武士同士の主従関係のほかに、本来は百姓身分でありながら狭義の武士の支配する所領の名主層から軍役を通じて主従関係を持つようになった広義の武士としての地侍などが登場する。
- Also among the servants who belonged to the family organization of bushi during the early period, there were the roto who fought as cavalry warriors in the battlefield like bushi or jusotsu (officer's servants) who fought on foot, but in the Muromachi and Sengoku period the samurai status spread increasingly and jizamurai (local samurai), originally coming from the class of farmers, as bushi in a broad sense appeared by having a relationship between lord and vassal through the military service for the class of myoshu (owner of rice fields) of shoryo governed by the bushi in a narrow sense, as well as the master-subordinate relationship of the bushi in a narrow sense.
- 当初、東軍が義政の支持を受けて「官軍」と号し、内裏や花の御所周辺から西軍を駆逐して皇室と義政を確保したこと、細川氏及びその支持者の領国が畿内周辺に集中していた事が幸いして戦いを有利に進めたが、 6月には細川領丹波国を制圧した山名軍8万が上洛、8月には周防から大内政弘が四国の河野通春ら7カ国の軍勢をはじめ、水軍を率いて入京、西軍が勢力を回復する。
- At first, the Eastern camp was dominant, favored by the circumstances that it called itself the 'imperial army' winning the support of Yoshimasa, that it drove the Western camp away from the surroundings of the Imperial Palace and Hana no Gosho to secure the Imperial Family and Yoshimasa and that the territories of the Hosokawa family and its supporters were concentrated in the surrounding areas of the capital; but by June Yamana's 80,000-member troops having conquered Hosokawa's Tanba Province had come up to Kyoto and by August Masahiro OUCHI had entered Kyoto, leading not only the troops of Michiharu KONO's and others' seven provinces in Shikoku, but also suigun (navy) squadrons, resulting in recovered power of the Western camp.
- 眺望景観とは、具体的には賀茂別雷神社、賀茂御祖神社、東寺、清水寺などからの「境内の眺め」や、御池通、四条通などからの「通りの眺め」、琵琶湖疏水などからの「水辺の眺め」、円通寺 (京都市)などからの「庭園の眺め」、東山・北山などに対する「山並みへの眺め」、大文字などに対する「しるしへの眺め」、鴨川にかかる橋からの「見晴らしの眺め」、大文字からの「見下ろしの眺め」の8種である。
- Eight types of the surrounding scenery and vistaed views include: in particular, the 'temple views' such as Kamo Wakeikazuchi-jinja Shrine, Kamo Mioya-jinja Shrine, To-ji Temple and Kiyomizu-dera Temple; the 'street views' such as the Oike-dori Street and the Shijo-dori Street; the 'waterfront views' such as the view from Lake Biwa Canal; the 'background garden view' such as Entsu-ji Temple (Kyoto City); the 'mountain views' such as the Higashi-yama mountains and the Kita-yama mountains; the 'symbol views' such as the Daimonji (huge kanji character 'dai' formed by bonfire in the Daimonji Festival); the 'lookout views' such as the view from the bridge over the Kamo-gawa River; and the 'bird's-eye views' such as the view from Mt. Daimonji-yama.
- ついで江戸時代に入ると漢学者、国学者の双方による律令研究が盛行し、注釈書を残した者に壺井義知(つぼいよしちか)(1657‐1735)、 荷田春満(かだのあずままろ)、稲葉通邦(いなばみちくに)(1744‐1801)、 河村秀穎(ひでかい)、河村秀根(ひでね)、 薗田守良(そのだもりよし)(1785‐1840)、 近藤芳樹などがあるが、依然として研究の中心は解釈学におかれていた。
- Next, in the Edo period, research on ritsuryo by both scholars of Chinese classics and scholars of Japanese classical studies flourished, and Yoshichika TSUBOI (1657 - 1735), KADA no Azumamaro, Michikuni INABA (1744 - 1801), Hidekai KAWAMURA, Hidene KAWAMURA, Moriyoshi SONODA (1785 - 1840), and Yoshiki KONDO are among those who left commentaries, but the center of the research was still on hermeneutics.
- そして、文化の違いや日本人に対する侮りから、通信使一行の中には、屋内の壁に鼻水や唾を吐いたり小便を階段でする、酒を飲みすぎたり門や柱を掘り出す、席や屏風を割る、馬を走らせて死に至らしめる、供された食事に難癖をつける、夜具や食器を盗む、日本人下女を孕ませる 魚なら大きいものを、野菜ならば季節外れのものを要求したり、予定外の行動を希望して拒絶した随行の対馬藩の者に唾を吐きかけたりといった乱暴狼藉を働くものもあった。
- In addition, due to differences in culture and disrespect to Japanese, some of Tsushinshi envoy did violent acts as described in the following: Sneezing or spitting on walls, urinating on stairs, drinking too much sake wine, digging out gates or poles, breaking chairs or folding screens, making horses run to death, complaining about the food served, stealing bedclothes and tableware, making maidservants pregnant, requesting bigger fish, requesting vegetables out of the season, or spitting on persons of the Tsushima Domain accompanying them when a request for unscheduled actions was refused.
- 1420年の回礼使である宋希景は乞食が食物ではなく銭を欲しがるような貨幣経済の発達に対して驚きの声を上げた(その時の李氏朝鮮では、都市部で楮貨という紙幣が流通していた程度で、貨幣経済と呼ぶに足るものが成立しておらず、布・米を媒体とした物々交換が主であったため)といった記録が残っており、また、朝鮮で後に飢饉を救ったサツマイモ(宝暦度 1764年(宝暦14年))や揚水式水車など、日本から相応の文物を持ち帰っていたようである。
- A document records that Kiei SO (宋希景), a kaireishi (an officer sent to Japan responding to an envoy sent by Japan) sent to Japan in 1420, gave an exclamation of surprise about the highly progressed monetary economy that even a beggar wanted money instead of food (this was because, in Korea at that time, paper money called Choka was circulated only in urban areas, with no system that could be called a monetary economy established yet, and the economy was centered on barter trade based on the media of rice and cloth), and in addition, it is likely that the envoy from Korea brought back products of culture necessary for them, such as sweet potato that rescued Korean people from a famine in Korea in later years (1764) and water-pumping wheels.
- 国司は中央政府から検田権を委譲されると、治田(ちでん、田堵の開発した小規模の墾田)や公験(くげん、正式に土地所有を認めた文書)のない荘園・私領(郡司・郷司など在地領主の所領)を次々に没収して国衙領に組み入れ、税収を確保しようとした(この権限が強かったことは、若狭国にあった摂関家の荘園が国司に接収された際に関白藤原頼通が国司に公験不備を指摘されると、国司の判断を妥当とした(『小右記』万寿2年9月1日・13日条)ことでも明らかである)。
- When the right of cadastral surveys was transferred to kokushi from the central government, the shoens and private lands (lands of local lords such as gunji (district managers), goji (a local government official under the ritsuryo system) and so on) without chiden (small scale land already developed by tato) or kugen (official documents authorized by kokushi or gunji (local magistrates) for transfer of the ownership of private property) were confiscated one after another into kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) in order for them to secure tax revenue (it is clear that this authority was strong because when the shoen of sekkan-ke in Wakasa Province was confiscated by kokushi and it was pointed out that FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, the chief adviser to the emperor, was wrong in kugen, the judgment of kokushi was justified (in the description on September 1 and 13, 1025 in 'Shoyuki' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke)).