退: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 退蔵銭
- Coins in dead storage
- ご前を退く
- to withdraw from the presence (of the Emperor)
- 算道の衰退
- The Decline of Sando
- 変遷・衰退
- Transition and decline
- 衰退と断絶
- The decline and the fall of the family
- 混乱と衰退
- Confusion and decline
- 鬼退治伝説
- Legend of ogre extermination
- 衰退への道
- The path to decline
- 御所を退出。
- She leaves the imperial palace.
- 大江山の鬼退治
- The extermination of the oni on Mt. Oe
- 被解退(退学)
- Hikaitai (withdrawal from school)
- 鬼退治伝説の意味
- Meaning of the ogre extermination legend
- 諸侯会議論の後退
- Decline of Lords Conference Argument
- 鈴木安蔵:京大中退。
- Yasuzo SUZUKI: A dropout of Kyoto Imperial University.
- 導入 - 衰退の経緯
- The history of the introduction and decline of kubunden
- 長慶天皇と南朝の後退
- The Decline of Emperor Chokei and the Southern Court
- 対義語は免官、退官。
- The antonym of ninkan is menkan (dismissal) and taikan (retirement).
- その途中で天皇は退出。
- During the ceremony the Emperor left there.
- 年変って、朱雀帝退位。
- The following year, Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne.
- 後村上天皇時代と南朝衰退
- The Period of Retired Emperor Gomurakami and the Decline of the Southern Court
- 不退寺 在原業平所縁の寺
- Futai-ji Temple: A temple associated with ARIWARA no Narihira
- 6月14日 16期退隊。
- June 14: The 16th group left the Corps.
- 高智県貫属士族 板垣退助
- Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shizoku of Kochi Prefecture
- 同年4月、父嵯峨天皇退位。
- In April 823, her father, Emperor Saga abdicated from the throne.
- 城明け渡しと慶喜の水戸退去
- The surrender of the Castle and Yoshinobu's expulsion to Mito
- 出羽国府後退とする説あり。
- There is a view that the territory of Dewa Province was reduced then.
- 散位の大半は退職者である。
- Most of Sanni were resignees.
- 「魂魄退散し、万事覚えず。」
- Spirits disappeared and I feel nothing.
- 諸部将は会して進退を議した。
- The various leaders met in order to decide whether they should attack or retreat.
- 1132年 病により斎院退下
- In 1132, withdrew from Sai-in due to disease
- その後再建されるが衰退する。
- Afterwards it was reconstructed but its influence declined.
- 仲麻呂の敗退により造営中止。
- The construction was halted because Nakamaro was defeated.
- 一進一退の攻防が続けられた。
- It was a seesaw battle.
- 舞が終わって、舞姫が退出する。
- The dancers left the palace at the end of the dance.
- 基経は先例により一旦辞退する。
- Mototsune once declined according to precedent.
- しかし、次第に同制度は衰退した。
- However, this system gradually declined.
- 都護府は大幅な後退を強いられた。
- The protectorates were forced to make an extensive retreat.
- 帰るときは首を台にのせて持ち退く。
- When returned, the head was placed on the tray and taken away.
- 明軍遂に大いに敗れ水原方向に退く。
- The Ming army was soundly defeated and retreated toward Suwon.
- 中大兄は辞退して軽皇子を推薦した。
- Naka no Oe no Oji refused it and recommended Prince Karu instead.
- - 京都大学退官、京都大学名誉教授
- He retired from Kyoto University and became professor emeritus of Kyoto University.
- 明軍大いに驚き防戦短時間で破れ退く。
- This took the Ming army by surprise, so they broke ranks and retreated in a second.
- 図書助等これを機とし兵を収めて退く。
- Zushonosuke used this opportunity to rally the soldiers and retreat.
- 一益は上野を放棄して伊勢国に退いた。
- Kazumasu abandoned Kozuke and withdrew to Ise Province.
- 天長8年(831年)、病により退下。
- She resigned from her position due to illness in 831.
- 勢力の衰退と沼田・竹原両小早川の統合
- Decline of power and Integration of the Nuta and Takehara Kobayakawa Clans
- (京都市営バスは現在撤退している。)
- (The Kyoto City Bus has withdrawn.)
- しかし3月6日甲州勝沼の戦いに敗退。
- However, on March 6th they were defeated in Battle of Kosyu Katsunuma.
- 12歳、小高坂の楠山塾で学ぶが退塾。
- At the age of 12, Ryoma started studying at Kusuyama-juku private school in Kodakasaka but he left school later.
- 勉強についていけず塾を退塾になった。
- He could not follow study progress and was kicked out of the clan's school.
- 氏清は奮戦して大内、赤松の軍勢を撃退。
- Ujikiyo fought hard and held off Ouchi and Akamatsu's forces.
- 退蔵院本堂〔京都市右京区花園妙心寺町〕
- Hondo of Taizoin Temple [Hanazono Myoshinji-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City]
- また戦力の一部は江戸方面へと撤退した。
- Additionally, part of the forces withdrew towards the Edo area.
- このため三好氏は一時、衰退してしまう。
- Due to the feud, Miyoshi clan declined temporarily.
- これにより大内氏は急速に衰退し始めた。
- This revolt brought the Ouchi clan on the way to a rapid decline.
- 備の各隊を進退するために用いられるもの。
- They were used for advancing or retreating each sonae unit.
- 細川政賢は自害し、澄元は阿波に撤退する。
- Masakata HOSOKAWA committed suicide, and Sumimoto withdrew to Awa.
- 高国は細川尹賢を丹波に侵攻させたが敗退。
- Takakuni had Tadakata HOSOKAWA invade Tanba but he was defeated.
- 6月末、倭軍は再度来攻するが撃退される。
- At the end of June, the Japanese Army again went into Korea, but they were defeated after all.
- 行長は撤退を強いられ、漢城まで後退した。
- Yukinaga was forced to withdraw and retreated to Hansong.
- 同年12月、父清和上皇の崩御により退下。
- She resigned when her father the Retired Emperor Seiwa died in January, 881.
- 工業統計における生産高も一進一退である。
- Thus industrial output in the industrial statistics is ever-changing.
- しかし、義将死後は衰退への道をたどった。
- However, the Shiba clan began to fall into decline after the death of Yoshimasa.
- 寛永8年(1631年)退廓・紹益と結婚。
- In 1631, she retired from prostitution and got married with Shoeki.
- 北部九州では石人・石馬が急速に衰退した。
- Meanwhile, stone carvings that were human shaped ('sekijin' in Japanese) and house shaped ('sekibe' in Japanese) were rapidly decreased in popularity in the northern part of Kyusyu.
- 義朝は敗退して平安京を落ち、東国へ向かう。
- Yoshitomoto was defeated and exiled to the east from Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto).
- 元有が1500年に戦死して以後は衰退した。
- The family declined after Motoari died in a battle in 1500.
- 大江山には3つの鬼退治伝説が残されている。
- Three legends pertaining to ogre extermination in Mt. Oe have been passed on.
- 島津忠辰は高田を放棄して出水にまで撤退する。
- Tadatoki SHIMAZU abandoned Takada and withdrew to Izumi.
- 天延3年(975年)、母懐子薨去により退下。
- In 975 she left her position of Saiin since her mother Kaishi died.
- 平治元年(1159年)閏5月、病により退下。
- In May 1159, she resigned because of her illness.
- 阿部十郎……1867年に御陵衛士として脱退。
- Juro ABE: Left the group to join Goryo-eji (guards of Imperial mausoleums) in 1867
- 紫野 - 応徳3年1086年白河天皇が退位。
- Murasakino: Emperor Shirakawa's abdication in 1086
- 勘解由兵衛家士荘子隼人ト太刀打シテ、引退ク。
- He withdrew after fighting face to face with Soshi Hayato, a retainer of Kangeyu Hyoe.
- 810年、退位した平城上皇は旧都平城京へ移る。
- In 810, the abdicated Emperor Heizei moved to the old capital of Heijo-kyo.
- これらにより初期荘園は10世紀までに衰退した。
- For this reason, shoki shoen declined until the tenth century.
- その他の雑兵・農民らは赦免され退城を許された。
- The other people such as zohyo (common soldiers) and farmers were allowed to leave the castle.
- これにより織田方は多大な損害を受けて退却した。
- By these attacks, the Oda army was greatly damaged and withdrew.
- しかし徳川勢は撤退に成功し、新府城へ後退した。
- However, those on Tokugawa's side successfully retreated to Shinpu-jo Castle.
- その後十河勢は総崩れとなり、勝瑞城へ退却した。
- After that, the Sogo force was routed and retreated into Shozui-jo Castle.
- 同6年(936年)3月、母周子死去により退下。
- In March 936, she resigned as Saigu due to the death of her mother Chikako.
- 鉄道網整備の進展とともに、湖上運送が衰退する。
- Along with progress of development of railway network, transportation by lake declined.
- 山号は粟船山、開基は北条泰時、開山は退耕行勇。
- The sango is Zokusenzan, the Kaiki is Yasutoki HOJO, and the kaisan is Gyoyu TAIKO.
- 出家により花山は自動的に退位したことになった。
- By becoming a priest, Kazan was automatically considered to have abdicated.
- その後、武蔵平一揆で敗退するなどして衰退した。
- After that, the clan, who suffered a defeat in Musashi hei ikki Riot, lost power.
- これに憤慨した井上は翌年、退官することとなる。
- Being outraged by this, Inoue retired the following year.
- 1982年4月 京都大学退官 京都大学名誉教授
- April 1982 - Retired from Kyoto University, named Professor Emeritus
- 参議(西郷隆盛、木戸孝允、板垣退助、大隈重信)
- Councilor (Takamori SAIGO, Takayoshi KIDO, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shigenobu OKUMA)
- 志貴皇子とは斎宮退下後に結婚したものと思われる。
- It is likely that she married the Prince Shiki after she resigned from saigu.
- 病弱のため康平元年(1058年)に斎院を退いた。
- In 1058 she retired from her office due to her poor health.
- 永万元年(1165年)二条天皇の譲位により退下。
- In 1165, she resigned because of Emperor Nijo's abdication of the throne.
- これにより、寛仁元年8月9日に皇太子を辞退した。
- On September 7, 1017, Atsuakira declined to stay as a crown prince.
- 光秀は戦線後方の勝竜寺城に退却を余儀なくされる。
- Mitsuhide was obliged to retreat to Shoryuji-jo Castle to the rear of the battle front.
- 国道から外れた五条駅周辺の商店街は衰退が著しい。
- The commercial avenues around the Gojo Station distant from the national road have remarkably declined.
- その後、奥州吉良氏は振るわず、衰退の一途を辿る。
- After that, the Oshu Kira clan could not flourish and continued to decline.
- 埴輪が畿内で衰退し、関東で盛行するようになった。
- Haniwa figures decreased in their popularity in the Kinai region but increased in popularity in the Kanto region.
- 1970年京都大学退官、京都大学名誉教授となる。
- After he retired from Kyoto University in 1970, he became professor emeritus for Kyoto University.
- 平安時代以降は楽所や大歌所などに押されて衰退した。
- After the Heian period, Utaryo declined, hit by the gakuso (chamber of music) or the Outadokoro (an organization that provided the education and management for ancient Japanese music, Uta, and traditional instruments).
- そして9月16日に緒戦においては連合軍を撃退する。
- On October 25, they fended off the allied forces towards the beginning of the war.
- 彼はその後、撤退する日本軍を追撃して戦死している。
- After that he chased the retreating Japanese navy and died during the war.
- 不吉な前兆に恐れをなした忍熊王は住吉津に後退した。
- Because of this omen, Imperial Prince Oshikuma was frightened and retreated to the Suminoetsu Port.
- 同7年(1196年)父兼実の失脚により内裏を退出。
- In 1196, she left Dairi (the Imperial Palace) due to her father Kanezane's downfall.
- 扇谷上杉氏も救援の兵を送るがことごとく撃退された。
- The Ogigayatsu-Uesugi clan also sent relief forces, which returned in defeat.
- 高国は細川尹賢を丹波に侵攻させたが、逆に敗退した。
- Takakuni sent Tadataka HOSOKAWA to Tanba, but he was defeated.
- 生産者である百姓の逃散は、生産活動の減退を意味する。
- Since peasants were farm producers, their chosan led to a decrease in production activities.
- 大津の地侍真鍋貞成は菅水軍の二百艘一千人を撃退した。
- Sadanari MANABE, jizamurai of Otsu, beat off the Kan navy consisting of 200 ships and 1,000 soldiers.
- 城将医王院が討死するも寄手の損害も大きく撃退された。
- The castle commander Io-in was killed in the battle, but the Oda army of yosete (the troops attacking an enemy) were also damaged greatly and were beaten off.
- 寛治3年(1089年)4月12日、母の喪により退下。
- On May 30, 1089, she resigned to mourn for her mother.
- この院政の展開により、摂関家の勢力は著しく後退した。
- By this development of Insei, the power of Sekkanke was weakened remarkably.
- 同10年(833年)に淳和天皇が退位、皇太后となる。
- Emperor Junna abdicated in 833, and she became the empress dowager.
- 同3年(1086年)父白河天皇退位、弟堀河天皇即位。
- In 1086 her father, Emperor Shirakawa abdicated from the throne and her younger brother, Emperor Horikawa succeeded to the throne.
- 天長10年(833年)2月、淳和天皇譲位により退下。
- In February 833, she resigned because of Emperor Junna's abdication of the throne.
- 保元3年(1158年)後白河天皇譲位により斎宮退下。
- In 1158, she resigned as saigu after Emperor Goshirakawa abdicated the throne.
- 妙心寺 塔頭寺院に、桂春院、春光院、退蔵院などがある
- Myoshin-ji Temple (its sub-temples include Keishun-in Temple, Shunko-in Temple, Taizo-in Temple, and so forth.)
- 同8年(945年)、母の死により17歳で退下、帰京。
- In 945, at the age of seventeen, she resigned from her post because of her mother's death, and returned to the capital.
- ゆふしで - 皇太子(敦明親王)の退位と道長の介入。
- Paper-Mulberry Strips: The abdication of Crown Prince Atsuakira and Michinaga's intervention
- 石山本願寺 信長と和睦を結び大坂を退去(石山合戦)。
- Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple made peace with Nobunaga and left Osaka (Ishiyama War).
- その一方で、幕府内の東国独立論は大きく後退していった。
- Meanwhile, the argument about independence of the Togoku region was significantly receded.
- 島津氏は、後退を続け薩摩の守りを固める方針に変更する。
- The Shimazu clan kept withdrawing, and changed course to strengthen its defense of Satsuma.
- 天長10年(833年)淳和天皇の退位により斎院を退下。
- In 833, she withdrew from Saiin due to abdication by Emperor Junna.
- このため、南北朝合一後は再び衰退への道を歩む事になる。
- As a result, the family fortunes continued to decline, even after the unification of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- 永承6年(1051年)正月、父小一条院死去により退下。
- In February 1051, she resigned because of the death of Koichijoin, her father.
- 1141年 同母兄・崇徳天皇退位、異母弟・近衛天皇即位
- In 1141, Emperor Sutoku, her elder maternal brother, succeeded to the throne, and Emperor Konoe, her younger brother with a different mother, succeeded to the throne
- 退路を失った義朝は清盛の本拠六波羅への総攻撃を決める。
- With his escape route blocked, Yoshitomo decided to mount a full-scale attack on Kiyomori's home ground Rokuhara.
- 大坂退去後は京都に隠棲し、茶道に専念し、趣味に生きた。
- After leaving Osaka he lived a quiet life in Kyoto, concentrating on the tea ceremony and pursuing his hobbies.
- 気多大社(神社本庁からの脱退をめぐって神社本庁と係争中)
- Keta-taisha Shrine (under dispute with the association of Shinto Shrines for seceding from it)
- 律令制が衰退した平安時代中期以後、従来の税制は崩壊した。
- After the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) declined in the middle of the Heian period, the previous tax system deteriorated.
- 倭邊に 風吹き上げて 雲離れ 退き居り共よ 我を忘らすな
- Don't forget me; even the wind blows away the clouds in Yamato, your place.
- 千石堀城が陥落した21日夜、城兵は城を自焼して退却した。
- On the night of the 20th when Sengokubori-jo Castle fell, the castle soldiers set fire to the castle by themselves and withdrew.
- 3月9日、ロシア軍の司令官クロパトキン大将は撤退を指示。
- On March 9th, General Kuropatkin, the commander of the Russian Army ordered a withdrawal.
- 最後に神祇事務局が神あげ神歌の儀式を行い群臣が退出した。
- At last Jingi Jimukyoku (Shinto Worship Bureau) held a ceremony of kamiage kami uta (a kind of God's song) and the retainers left there.
- これを見た加藤・浅野の篭城軍は打って出て、明軍を退けた。
- Seeing this, Kato and Asano's besieged army made a sortie and drove the Ming army away.
- 草香津まで退き、盾を並べて雄叫びをあげて士気を鼓舞した。
- They retreated to Kusakatsu and lined up shields and raised a war cry to raise morale.
- 寛平3年(991年)9月伊勢に下向し、寛平9年退下した。
- In October 991, she went down to Ise, and resigned her post in Ise in 997.
- 堺では幕府軍の総攻撃を撃退した大内勢が意気を揚げていた。
- Back in Sakai, morale among the Ouchi forces jumped after they repulsed the general assault launched by the shogunal army.
- 桐壺帝はすでに退位し、源氏の兄が即位している(朱雀帝)。
- Emperor Kiritsubo has already abdicated the throne and Genji's older brother (Emperor Suzaku) has ascended to it.
- そのあいだに冷泉帝が退位し、今上帝(朱雀帝の子)が即位。
- During this time, Emperor Reizei abdicates the throne, and Emperor Kinjo (a son of Emperor Suzaku) succeeds to his father.
- 敗れた六角勢は観音寺城へ籠城し、京極勢は江北へ撤退する。
- The defeated Rokkaku camp shut up in Kannonji-jo Castle and the Kyogoku camp fled to Kohoku.
- 直江兼続は長谷堂城の囲いを解き、自領へ撤退したのである。
- Kanetsugu NAOE lifted the siege of the Hasedo-jo Castle and returned to his domain.
- 武田信玄 信玄死去後、跡継ぎの武田勝頼は本国甲斐に退却。
- After Shingen's death, Katsuyori TAKEDA, Shingen's successor, withdrew to Kai Province, his hometown.
- 寛文6年(1666年)に良忠が歿するとともに仕官を退く。
- In 1666, when Yoshitada deceased, he resigned the office.
- 京方は幕府の大軍の前に各地で敗退して、幕府軍は京を占領。
- The Emperor's Kyoto force lost battle after battle fighting against the huge government force, finally losing Kyoto.
- だが、不正や財政への流用などによって南宋以後には衰退した。
- However, this system weakened due to corruptions and appropriations for public finance after the Southern Sung Dynasty.
- 最終的には大坂は守られ、紀州勢は堺・岸和田からも撤退した。
- Finally, Osaka was guarded and the Kishu army withdrew from Sakai and Kishiwada as well.
- だが城兵も鉄砲によって防戦し、寄手の損害も大きく撤退した。
- But the castle soldiers also fought with guns and the besiegers were greatly damaged and withdrew.
- 大同4年(809年)4月1日、父天皇の譲位により退下した。
- On May 22, 809, she resigned when her father, Emperor Heizei abdicated from the throne.
- 久寿2年(1155年)7月、近衛天皇の崩御のため退下した。
- In August 1155, she resigned because of the death of Emperor Konoe.
- しかし、野中広務は中央政界を引退し、その影響力は低下した。
- However, Hiromu NONAKA has retired from the national political arena, lessening his influence.
- 時清の軍勢は幕府軍の陣を次々に打ち破るが力尽きて退却した。
- Tokikiyo's force smashed the camps of the shogunal army one after the other, but exhausted their strength and were forced to withdraw.
- 妙心寺 - 塔頭寺院に、桂春院、春光院、退蔵院などがある。
- Myoshin-ji Temple - sub-temple, especially one founded to commemorate the death of a high priest, which includes Keishun-in Temple, Shunko-in Temple, and Taizo-in Temple
- まもとに相手にすべき敵ではないと考えた重盛は兵を退かせた。
- Shigemori pulled back his army as he thought it would be best not to fight squarely.
- 文明7年 (1475年)8月21日 (旧暦)、吉崎を退去。
- On August 21 (lunar calendar), 1475, he left Yoshizaki.
- 正成は弟の楠木正季ら一族とともに自害し、義貞は京へ退却した。
- Masashige committed suicide with his younger brother Masasue KUSUNOKI and Yoshisada withdrew to the capital.
- その後、細川氏を退去して、3,000石で紀州徳川家に仕えた。
- Afterwards, he left the Hosokawa clan and served the Kishu Tokugawa family for 3000 koku.
- 23日に「野田城・福島城の戦い」から織田軍主力を撤退させた。
- On the November 1, he withdrew his main force from 'the Battle of Noda-jo Castle and Fukushima-jo Castle.'
- 侵攻に対応が遅れた朝鮮軍は連戦連敗や無血撤退・逃散を重ねた。
- The Korean army, which was late to cope with invasion, repeated a succession of defeats and bloodless retreats fleeing in every direction.
- 手塚英臣:侍従次長を2005年(平成17年)3月に退任する。
- Hideomi TEZUKA: He retired from the position of the Deputy Grand Chamberlain in March 2005.
- 寛徳2年(1045年)正月に父・後朱雀天皇の退位により退下。
- In the New Year of 1045, she resigned from Saiin due to her father's abdication from the throne.
- 延長8年(930年)9月に父天皇の崩御により斎院を退下した。
- Upon the death of the Emperor, her father in September, 930, she withdrew from Saiin.
- 同9年(1036年)に父後一条天皇が崩御したため斎院を退下。
- Upon the death of her father, Emperor Goichijo, in 1036, she retired from the Sai-in.
- 山号は稲荷山(とうかさん)、開基は足利義兼、開山は退耕行勇。
- The sango is Tokasan, the Kaiki is Yoshikane ASHIKAGA, and the kaisan is Gyoyu TAIKO.
- 昭和時代後期に衰退し、現在は花街としては数えられなくなった。
- Shimabara declined in the late Showa period, and as a result, it is not regarded as a hanamachi any more.
- これは能の演目、大江山(五番目物の鬼退治物)にもなっている。
- The third legend is one of the themes performed in a Noh play 'Oeyama,' a story about ogre extermination in the Gobanmemono (Fifth Category).
- 戦いは徳川方の敗北となり、慶喜は大坂城を脱出して江戸へ退却。
- The war ended in defeat of Tokugawa side and Yoshinobu escaped from Osaka Castle and retreated to Edo.
- 永観2年(984年)、円融天皇の譲位で斎宮規子内親王は退下。
- In 984, Emperor Enyu abdicated the throne, which prompted Imperial Princess Kishi to resign her position as high priestess of Ise.
- 16世紀になると日朝関係が悪化し、貿易も衰退の一途を辿った。
- In the middle of 16th century, the relationship between Korea and Japan worsened and the trade between both countries declined.
- 途中、摂津源氏の多田行綱らの襲撃を受け、これを撃退している。
- On the way to Kyushu, he was attacked by Yukitsuna TADA of Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan) and others but he attacked them back.
- 6月3日(5月9日 (旧暦))、太上天皇追号(幕府が辞退)。
- June 3 - the honorary title 'Daijo-Tenno' (Cloistered Emperor) was granted (although the Shogunate declined it)
- しかし薩長同盟を結んだ薩摩藩の出兵拒否もあり、幕府軍は敗退。
- However, because of the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance (Saccho Alliance), Satsuma-han Clan refused to send its army and consequently the Shogunate army had to retreat.
- これに伴い、口分田制度も急速に衰退したのではないかと見られる。
- It is considered that the kubunden system would have declined correspondingly.
- 陽成天皇退位後に藤原基経によって皇位継承を要請されて辞退した。
- After the Emperor Yozei abdicated the throne, he was asked by FUJIWARA no Mototsune to succeed, but he declined.
- その結果、麹屋側は酒屋側に屈服して京都における麹座は衰退した。
- As a result, the kojiya gave in to the sakaya, and the koji za in Kyoto fell into decline.
- かなりの激戦となったが、武田元光軍は死者80名を出し敗退した。
- As a result of the fierce battle, the army of Motomitsu TAKEDA lost eighty soldiers and lost the battle.
- 岸和田勢は六千の軍勢で対抗し、近木川で迎撃して紀州勢を退けた。
- The Kishiwada group opposed the Kishu group with 6,000 soldiers, intercepted it along the Kogi-gawa River and defeated them.
- まもなく寄手は撤退を開始し、高野勢はこれを追撃して打ち破った。
- Soon, the Oda army began to withdraw and the Koya army chased and defeated it.
- しかし渤海王大仁秀治世に日本との関係に変化が生じて交易が減退。
- But there was a shift in the relationship between Japan and the Balhae Kingdom during the rule of Emperor Dae Jung-sang of the Balhae Kingdom and the trade between two countries declined.
- 同5年(982年)叔父藤原光昭の死去により内裏を退出して落飾。
- After her uncle, FUJIWARA no Mitsuakira died in 982, she left the Imperial Palace and entered into the priesthood.
- そして仁明天皇の崩御を受けて嘉祥3年(850年)5月退下した。
- In June 850, she resigned after Emperor Ninmyo passed away.
- また、豊後へ渡った源範頼軍によって九州への退路も塞がれていた。
- Moreover, their avenue of retreat into Kyushu had been cut off by the army of MINAMOTO no Noriyori, who had crossed into Bungo Province.
- 代わって義朝が西門を攻めるも、これまた為朝の強弓に撃退される。
- Then, Yoshitomo attacked the gate, and yet Tametomo with his strong bow again repulsed the attack.
- 通章は明治に衰退した蹴鞠の保護に尽力したことでも知られている。
- Michiaki is also known for his efforts to protect the Kemari (a type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan) which declined in the Meiji period.
- 故に道隆一族衰退の様子が書かれていないのは当然である(同上)。
- Therefore, it is natural that she didn't mention the fall of the Michitaka family (as above).
- 平安時代後期には摂関政治が衰退し始め、貴族文化に変化が訪れた。
- During the late Heian period, the Sekkan (regent and chief councilor) government began to decline, and a change occurred in the aristocratic culture.
- 今川氏の衰退を見た甲斐国の武田信玄は駿河国への南進を画策する。
- Shingen TAKEDA of Kai Province saw the decline of the Imagawa clan, and he planned to advance south to Suruga Province.
- 朧月夜との密会露見を機に須磨に退去した源氏を追放しようとする.
- When Genji's secret affair with Oborozukiyo was laid bare, she took it as an opportunity to try to exile Genji, who withdrew to Suma.
- 結衆は規律を厳守し、叛いた者は脱退させて、代わりの者を補充する。
- Members should strictly adhere to rules and non-adherents will be expelled and new members recruited instead.
- そして2回にわたって攻撃を加えたが、城兵の逆襲を受けて敗退した。
- Though they attacked the castle two times, they lost in face of the counterattacks by johei (castle garrisons).
- しかし兵糧不足に陥った日本軍は漢城を撤退し、釜山方面に集結した。
- However, the Japanese army withdrew from Hansong due to their provisions running short, and concentrated their troops in Busan and the surrounding areas.
- その後、集結して撤退できた連合軍の兵力は一万ほどであったという。
- There were only ten thousand military effectives, who were able to gather and retreat afterwards.
- 応徳元年(1084年)、母后賢子崩御により退下、同年12月帰京。
- In 1084, she resigned from her position after her mother, Kenshi died and came back to the Palace in December of the same year.
- 同5年(1016年)1月、三条天皇譲位により退下、同年9月帰京。
- She resigned from the position of Saigu in February 1016 in the wake of the Emperor Sanjo's abdication and returned to Kyoto in October of the same year.
- その後北野 (京都市)で還俗して以心庵と号して隠退生活を送った。
- Later, he left the priesthood in Kitano (Kyoto City), and spent a reclusive life under the a pseudonym Ishinan.
- 承保元年(1074年)甥白河天皇から二品を授けられたが辞退した。
- Although she was conferred the court rank of Nihon (the second court rank for Imperial Prince/Princess) in 1074 by Emperor Shirakawa, her nephew, she declined.
- しかし20世紀に入ると、鉄道の開通によりこれらの水運は衰退した。
- In the 20th century, however, water transport via these waterways declined due to the opening of the railroad.
- しかし政季もまた南部氏と対立し戦闘に敗れて蝦夷島に撤退している。
- However, Masasue, who came to oppose the Nanbu clan, lost in the battle and withdrew to Ezogashima.
- これにより、日本国内での九州王朝の権威は失墜し、衰退に向かった。
- Thus, the dignity of the Kyushu dynasty in Japan was lost, and fell into decline.
- また、六角氏も畠山氏の敗北を知って近江国へ退却し、講和を図った。
- Knowing the defeat of the Hatakeyama clan, the Rokkaku clan receded to Omi Province and tried to make peace with Miyoshi.
- 小荷駄は進撃時には軍勢の後方、後退時には軍勢の先方に配置された。
- Konida was positioned in the back of the troop during advance and in the front during retreat.
- 鎌倉時代には重要な活躍として鈴鹿山の鬼を退治するものが加わった。
- During the Kamakura period, another important legend was added to the traditional repertoire, in which Tamuramaro fights off the oni of Mt. Suzuka.
- その報を受けた義貞は退路を断たれるおそれが出たため軍を撤退させる。
- When Yoshisada received the report, he got his troops out because his retreat could be cut off.
- 大内方は5月7日に撤退にとりかかり、5月25日に山口市に帰還した。
- The Ouchi forces began to withdraw on June 19, 1543, and returned to Yamaguchi City on July 7.
- 日本や中国では夥しい数の退蔵銭が壷などに入って出土することがある。
- In Japan and China, a pot containing lots of old coins is sometimes unearthed.
- そのため、僧綱は言い返すこともできず退出した(『玉葉』30日条)。
- This made the sogo leave without a word ('Gyokuyo' article of January thirty).
- そして、敗れた通盛は越前国府を追われて敦賀城に退却することになる。
- Defeated, Michimori retreated to Tsuruga-jo Castle.
- しかし反発した摂関家によって数年のうちに花山は退位に追い込まれた。
- However, Emperor Hanayama was forced to abdicate the throne due to Sekkan-ke who opposed such reform.
- この敗報を知った八上城の包囲軍も翌12月1日囲みを解いて退却した。
- Hearing about the other surrounding army losing that battle, the army surrounding Yakamijo Castle ended its siege and retreated on January 3, 1527.
- このため、宮中の混乱と元への依存が深まり、王朝衰退の要因となった。
- Because of this, the imperial court confused and reliance on Yuan increased, and the dynasty declined.
- 斎院退下の後は、母方の曽祖父である具平親王の六条邸に住んだという。
- After her retirement she lived in the residence of Imperial Prince Tomohira, her maternal great grandfather.
- 北陸方面でも手取川の戦いでの敗退により、侵攻停滞を余儀なくされる。
- Nobunaga was forced to discontinue conquering Hokuriku region due to the defeat at the Battle at Tetori-gawa River.
- この事件により大官が2人も罰せられた藤原南家の勢力が大幅に後退した。
- As two high officials of the clan were punished due to this incident, the power of the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan declined substantially.
- こうした、「鷁退(逆退とも。げきたい)」という慣例が生まれたという。
- Thus, the custom of gekitai (that the sixth rank kurodo declines the peerage and gets demoted to Shinkurodo in order to remain as Tenjobito) sprang up.
- ところがロシアは履行期限を過ぎても撤退を行わず駐留軍の増強を図った。
- Russsia, however, did not withdraw its troops even after the promised deadline had passed; on the contrary, it planned to reinforce its occupation.
- が、守備兵は前夜のうちに海路紀伊へ退却していたので空振りに終わった。
- But the soldiers who guarded it had already withdrawn to Kii Province by ship, so that they could not attack them.
- 漢城では、六番隊の小早川隆景軍も撤退して来て食糧事情が紛糾を極めた。
- Takakage KOBAYAKAWA's troops in the sixth division also withdrew to Hansong, causing a serious shortage of food supplies.
- その中で三沢為清は一貫して毛利氏に従い、尼子再興軍の撃退に活躍した。
- Under such circumstances, Tamekiyo MISAWA consistently followed the Mori clan and played an active role in repelling the Amago restoration army.
- 1259年(正元元年)、夫の退位に伴って院号宣下し東二条院と称する。
- In 1259, she was given the title of respect upon her husband's retirement, and was called Higashinijoin.
- 二代目総一郎の妻千代子は、自由民権運動の政治家・板垣退助の娘である。
- The second-generation Souichiro's wife, Chiyoko, is a daughter of Taisuke ITAGAKI, a politician who led Jiyu Minken Undo, the Democratic Rights Campaign.
- また寛子所生の長女徽子女王は、斎宮を退下したのち村上天皇に入内した。
- Also, Kanshi (Hiroko)'s eldest daughter, Princess Yoshiko (Kishi), made her bridal entry into the court to Emperor Murakami after resigning from Saigu.
- 頼家が存命どころかまだ出家(退位)もしていないにもかかわらずである。
- Although it was when Yoriie was still alive and hadn't actually retired into priesthood.
- 師時は貞時が出家して執権を退いた1301年に10代執権となっていた。
- Morotoki became the tenth regent when Sadatoki retired into priesthood in 1301.
- 存如が本妻を迎えるにあたって、生母は本願寺を退出しその後行方知れず。
- His biological mother left Hongan-ji Temple when Zonnyo married a legal wife, and her whereabouts were unknown.
- 17日、西郷一行は土佐に到着し、藩知事山内豊範・板垣退助と会談した。
- Saigo group arrived in Tosa and held a conference with the governor of the domain Toyonori YAMAUCHI and Taisuke ITAGAKI on the 17th.
- 源氏の青年期には夜歩きのお供として度々登場、須磨退去時にも帯同した。
- In Genji's youth, he appeared frequently as an attendant on Genji's evening strolls and accompanied him even when he withdrew to Suma.
- 搦め手の宇治市で尊氏軍が勝利し、宮方は撤退し、京を巡る合戦に突入する。
- Takauji's army won in Uji City located at the rear and the court's side withdrew, then it plunged into the battle over Kyoto.
- このため、18世紀以降、倭館交易は衰退するが、断絶することはなかった。
- As a result, wakan trade had dwindled after the 18th century, although it was not terminated.
- 翌年、元は新興の明王朝に圧迫され、北のモンゴル高原へ後退した(北元)。
- The Yuan Dynasty was threatened by the newly emerged Ming Dynasty, and pressed northward to the Mongolian plateau (to become Hokugen - the successor of the Mongol Dynasty) the following year.
- 馬廻り 10名前後、雑兵 300名を失うという大敗をして、兵を退いた。
- His horse guards by the number of around ten and common soldiers by the number of around 300 were killed before he withdrew his army.
- 島津軍は大友軍の追撃まで受けて多くの犠牲を出しながら日向まで撤退した。
- This combined with the pursuit of the Otomo army, claimed huge casualties in the Shimazu army and the army was forced to retreat to Hyuga.
- 秀吉は太田開城時に指導層の地侍を処断する一方、一般農民は退城を許した。
- While Hideyoshi executed jizamurai of the leading position at the time of the surrender of Ota-jo Castle, he allowed common farmers to leave the castle.
- 河尻秀隆はあっけなく戦死し、森長可も美濃国に撤退するという事態に陥る。
- Hidetaka KAWAJIRI was abruptly killed on the battlefield, and Nagayoshi MORI had to withdraw to Mino Province.
- 正式な高御座が常設されている京都市の地位が大きく後退した印象を残した。
- It left the impression that the position of Kyoto City, where the formal Takamikura are kept, greatly went down.
- 同年の8月5日には、新たに田形皇女が斎王にト定され、泉皇女は退下した。
- On September 20, 706, the Princess Takata was newly selected by divination as Saio, and the Princess Izumi retired from the post of Saio.
- しかし、わずか2年で譲位したため、亮子内親王も群行のないまま退下した。
- Imperial Princess Ryoshi resigned without any procession when Emperor Goshirakawa abdicated the throne just after 2 years.
- この2路線の相克が、爾後、頼朝政権が退勢を挽回する上で重要となってくる。
- The conflict between these two lines became an important factor thereafter in restoring the declining force of the Yoritomo government.
- 祖承訓は朝鮮の義州から南下をはかり平壌を攻めるが小西行長が奮戦し退けた。
- Zu Chengxun advanced south from Uiju in Korea and attacked Pyongyang, but Yukinaga KONISHI fought hard and drove him back.
- しかし、同年6月13日山崎の戦いで敗れた明智光秀は一旦勝竜寺城に退いた。
- However, defeated in the Battle of Yamazaki on July 12 in the same year, he temporarily retreated to Shoryuji-jo Castle.
- 由来は、中国の皇帝が位を退くと「太上皇」と尊称されたことにあるとされる。
- It is said to have originated from the fact that when a Chinese Emperor stepped down from the throne, he was respectfully called 'Daijoko.'
- 天安 (日本)2年(858年)9月、父天皇の崩御によって斎宮を退下した。
- In October 858 she retired from her office as her father, the Emperor died.
- 斎宮退下の後は敦忠の従兄弟で同母姉勤子内親王の夫でもある師輔と結婚した。
- After resigning as Saigu, she married Morosuke, who was a cousin of Atsutada and the husband of Imperial Princess Kinshi, her elder sister by the same mother.
- 馬越三郎……池田屋事変以前に、武田観柳斎の男色に困り、土方に訴え、脱退。
- Saburo MAGOSHI: Before the Ikedaya Incident, he claimed to Hijikata that Kanryusai TAKEDA had attempted to approach him sexually and left the group
- 吉田家が全国の神社の大部分を支配するようになると白川家の権威は衰退した。
- As the Yoshida family exerted influence over most shrines in Japan, the authority of the Shirakawa family declined.
- 今川氏が衰退した後は、同盟を破棄して駿河国へ侵攻し、東海地方に進出した。
- After the Imagawa clan declined, he annulled the alliance and extended his influence to the Tokai region by invading Suruga Province.
- しかし、一揆方は家康に敗れ、吉良氏の家運衰退に拍車がかかることになった。
- However, the rioting side was defeated by Ieyasu, and the Kira clan's fortune declined at an accelerated pace.
- 律令制のもとで設けられた官営の工房が衰退した平安時代中期以後に出現した。
- Saikudokoro appeared after the mid Heian period when a craft center under government management which was established under the ritsuryo system declined.
- 金銀の流出、および退蔵化がさらに進んだため、松方デフレ政策の登場となる。
- Due to further outflow of gold and silver and the increasing hoard of them, the Matsukata deflation policy (also known as the Matsukata finance, a financial measure to induce deflation to eliminate inflation generated by raising funds for war cost of the Seinan War) came in.
- 郁芳門では義朝と平頼盛(清盛の弟)が激戦し、頼盛は突破できず兵を退いた。
- Yoshitomo and TAIRA no Yorimori (younger brother of Kiyomori) had a fierce battle at the Ikuho-mon Gate; Yorimori could not break through the gate and pulled back his troops.
- 宮崎から退却した西郷は、2日、延岡大貫村に着き、ここに9日まで滞在した。
- Saigo, who withdrew from Miyazaki, arrived in Onuki-mura, Nobeoka on the 2nd, and stayed there until the 9th.
- 退位して上皇となった後は天皇家の長という立場で独自の政策を展開していった。
- After the abdication, the retired Emperor Shirakawa developed his own policies from the viewpoint of the head of the Emperor's family.
- 繁長は余勢を駆ってさらに兵を進めたが、東根で最上勢の猛反撃に遭い撤退した。
- Shigenaga advanced his troops further as he was spurred by his side's victory, but he was obliged to withdraw due to a fierce counter-offensive by the Mogami troops at Higashine.
- しかし、すぐに義詮軍の反撃に遭い、12月26日 (旧暦)には撤退している。
- However, Yoshiakira quickly fought back and they evacuated Kyoto by January 30, 1362.
- 太上皇(たいじょうこう)は、退位した存命の皇帝に送られる尊号のことである。
- The Taijoko is the honorary title given to a retired emperor or empress in his or her life.
- 院政とは天皇が余力ある内に引退し、若き子(孫)の天皇を後見するという意味。
- The term 'insei' is used to mean that an emperor or empress abdicates in favor of his or her son or daughter (or grandchild) and then acts as a guardian to the new young emperor or empress.
- 阪急が5年間で経営から撤退した後は保津川遊船企業組合が経営にあたっている。
- After the Hankyu Corporation withdrew from the operation of the Hozu-gawa River trip in five years, the Hozugawa River Tour Boat Business Union took over the operation.
- 鎌倉末期に蝦夷大乱において惣領から退けられた季長を上国家の祖と見なす見解。
- And, the theory to regard Suenaga as the ancestor of the Kaminokuni family, who was discarded to be the heir of the family because of the Ezo War in the late Kamakura period.
- この間、11日には東山道先鋒総督参謀の板垣退助(土佐藩)が八王子駅に到着。
- Meanwhile, on March 11th, Taisuke ITAGAKI (Tosa Domain), who was staff officer for the Spearhead governor of the Tosando, reached Hachioji Station.
- かつて源氏が深い想いを寄せていた従姉妹である朝顔 (源氏物語)が退下した。
- Genji's cousin Asagao, about whom he had felt deeply once, resigns.
- 元代では一旦衰退するが、明代において隆盛となり、清代までその余波が続いた。
- It once declined in the Yuan period, was flourished in the Ming period and its influence remained in the Qing period.
- 万葉集巻第2 163~164番(大津皇子薨去後、退下・帰京途上で詠んだ歌)
- Nos. 163 to 164 in the second volume of Manyoshu (poems composed on her way to the capital after Imperial Prince Otsu's death and her retirement)
- 同年4月、毛利軍は3方向から月山富田城を攻撃したが、負け戦となり、撤退した。
- In April the same year, the Mori army attacked Gassan Toda-jo Castle from three sides, but was defeated, and finally withdrew.
- しかし、もともと財政基盤が脆弱だったうえ、橘氏の没落によって衰退していった。
- However, it grew weak because the financial base of Daigaku-besso was weak to start with and also because the Tachibana clan fell from power.
- 蔵人で巡爵に預かった者は殿上を退き、蔵人五位といわれ巡任に預かったとされる。
- The promoted kurodo is said to have left the court and assumed the position of Kurodo no goi.
- だが、社会問題の深刻化は度重なる新制の効力を無力化させて、衰退をもたらした。
- However, social problems that were becoming more serious disabled the effect of the series of shinsei and brought about its decline.
- こうした摂関家自らの内部事情が摂関政治の衰退に拍車をかけてしまったのである。
- These circumstances inside the regent's house itself spurred the decline of the regency.
- 陽成天皇の退位の事情など、権力者にはばかって筆を抑えたと思われる箇所がある。
- There are entries, such as the circumstances surrounding the abdication of Emperor Yozei, for which it is thought that the writers refrained from writing a full account out of a fear of powerful individuals.
- 28日までには城を捨てて退却し、龍神山城(現田辺市)を経て熊野へと向かった。
- Naoharu abandoned the castle and withdrew until the 27th and left for Kumano through Ryujinyama-jo Castle (present Tanabe City).
- 7月25日に朝鮮政府から大鳥圭介公使に対して、牙山の清国軍撃退が要請される。
- On July 25, the Korean government requested Minister Keisuke OTORI to expel the Qing troops in Asan by force
- 実際には明・朝鮮水軍は後退せずに海上封鎖を継続しており、海路撤退を妨害した。
- Actually, the Ming and Korean navy did not retreat, but continued the naval blockage and obstructed withdrawal by sea.
- また、「仁徳紀」には天皇家に従わない飛騨国の怪物両面宿儺を退治したともある。
- According to the 'Nintokugi' (Chronicle of Emperor Nintoku), he exterminated a double faced specter called 'Ryomensukuna,' who did not swear his allegiance to the Imperial family.
- 義詮は譲歩の確認のために尊氏と連絡し、万一の際の退路を確保するなど紛糾した。
- Yoshiakira contacted Takauji to confirm the concessions and tried to keep a contingent escape route.
- 義弘の死後、再び家督を巡っての抗争が起こり、大内家の勢力は一時的に衰退した。
- After the death of Yoshihiro, a succession dispute arose again, and the Ouchi family's power declined temporarily.
- しかし関ヶ原での西軍敗北の報が届くと上杉軍は撤退し、庄内地方の奪取にも成功。
- However, when it was reported that the Western Camp was defeated in Sekigahara, the Uesugi's forces withdrew and Mogami succeeded in capturing the Shonai Region.
- このことは、相撲の世界における吉田司家に対する五条家の完全な敗退を意味した。
- This meant a complete defeat of the Gojo family by the Yoshida Tsukasa family in the world of sumo wrestling.
- 弥生時代後期にはやはり石蓋土壙墓や箱式石棺墓などに取って代わられ、衰退する。
- Mokkanbo also declined and was replaced by a hole-shaped grave with a stone lid and hakoshiki-sekkanbo (box-shaped stone coffin grave) at the end of the Yayoi period.
- 主戦場となった山城国で国人らの一揆が起こり(山城国一揆)、撤退を要求される。
- In the Province of Yamashiro, where the main fighting took place, there was an uprising of the local people (Yamashiro no kuniikki), who demanded that both sides withdraw.
- 酒呑童子、大江山の鬼退治を題材にした映画は、戦前・戦後と数本製作されている。
- There are several movies filmed before and after World War II on the themes of Shuten Doji and oni extermination.
- しかし執権職から引退したとはいえ、実際の政治は時頼が取り仕切っていたという。
- However, it is said that Tokiyori in fact managed politics after his retirement from the regency.
- そこで、この窮地を脱するために、14日、熊本城の包囲を解いて木山に退却した。
- They were forced to break the seige of Kumamoto Castle and withdraw to Kiyama to escape these difficulties on the 14th.
- 伝説中の田村麻呂は蝦夷と戦う武人とは限らず、各地で様々な鬼や盗賊を退治する。
- In these legends, Tamuramaro is not always a warrior who wages war against barbarians, but a hero who fights off oni (ogres) and bandits in various areas.
- 越前の朝倉氏は一向一揆を退けて本拠の一乗谷に京の貴族を迎えるなど栄華を極めた。
- The Asakura clan in Echizen was at the height of its prosperity as it defeated ikko ikki and received nobles from Kyo in Ichijotani, which was the base of the clan.
- この戦いは山名氏の衰微・大内ら西軍の京都撤退など細川氏が勝利した形で終わった。
- This war ended as a victory of the Hosokawa clan as seen in the decline of the Yamana clan and retreat of the west squad including the Ouchi clan from Kyoto.
- 依田信蕃は故郷の三沢小屋に退去し田中城は開城、2月21日には駿府城に進出した。
- Nobushige YODA who withdrew to his home, Misawakoya, surrendered Tanaka-jo Castle, and on February 21, 1582, he moved to Sunpu-jo Castle.
- この際立花宗茂は撤退する島津軍を追い高鳥居城、岩屋城、宝満山城を奪還している。
- At this time, Muneshige TACHIBANA ran after the Shimazu's retreating army, and retrieved Takatorii-jo Castle, Iwaya-jo Castle, and Homanyama-jo Castle.
- 9月に先遣隊の明将・解生と黒田長政の部隊が天安市で遭遇戦を行い双方が後退した。
- In September, advancing troops of kaisei, the commander of Ming and Nagamasa KURODA's army had an encounter in Cheonan City and both retreated.
- 女優を引退した英子が1959年に東京・銀座でバーを始めた3年後のことであった。
- This was three years after she had stopped being an actress and opened a bar in Ginza, Tokyo.
- 寛徳2年(1045年)1月准三宮、同16日、後朱雀天皇譲位により17歳で退下。
- In January 1045 she was given the title of Jusangu (the highest rank of nobility after the Grand Empress Dowager, the Empress Dowager and the Empress) and on February 11 of the same year she retired from her office at the age of seventeen, with Emperor Gosuzaku's abdication.
- 寛仁元年(1017年)に三条が死去すると、敦明はついに皇太子の辞退を決意した。
- In 1017, when Sanjo died, Atsuaki decided to refrain from being the Crown Prince.
- やがて大崎氏は次第に膨張する伊達氏の圧力をまともに受けることとなり、衰退する。
- Before long, the Osaki clan ended up being pressured by the expanding Date clan and declined.
- ところが、桶狭間の合戦で義元が討ち取られた後は、今川氏も徐々に衰退してしまう。
- However, the Imagawa clan's power gradually declined after Yoshimoto was killed at the Battle of Okehazama.
- しかし、承久の乱以後に熊野別当家が衰退し、熊野地方の諸勢力への統制力を失った。
- However, after the Jokyu War, Kumano betto family's power had declined and they lost control over the competing powers in the Kumano region.
- これに従わない社員たちは次々に退社し、1898年に『国民之友』は廃刊となった。
- Employees who did not follow in step left the company one after another, and in 1898, 'Kokumin no Tomo' was discontinued.
- 甕棺墓制は後期には急速に衰退して石蓋土壙墓・箱式石棺墓などに取って代わられた。
- The kamekan burial system quickly declined in the end period and was replaced by hole-shaped grave with stone lid and hakoshiki-sekkanbo (box-shaped stone coffin grave).
- その結果、征韓派の参議・西郷隆盛や江藤新平、板垣退助らが下野し、政府を去った。
- As a result the advocates of the Seikanron, including Sangi Takamori SAIGO, Shinpei ETO and Taisuke ITAGAKI, resigned to leave the government.
- 政宗の馬飛退てければ岡野政宗の物具以の外見苦しかりし故、大将とは思ひもよらず。
- Since Masamune's armor looked shabby when Masamune's horse jumped and ran away, Okano never imagined that he was the general.
- 重盛は混乱した兵を収拾して一旦退き、新手の500騎を得て再び門内に押し出した。
- Shigemori pulled back with his chaotic troops, added 500 new soldiers, and returned to the inside of the gate.
- この頃になると、下克上の風習が一般化し始め、応仁の乱により幕府権力も衰退した。
- Around this time, the custom of the revolt of vassals against their lords became accepted, and the Onin War weakened the power of the feudal government.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)期以降、特に戦国 (日本)期に国衙領の衰退とともに消滅した。
- The practice disappeared with the decline of the Kokugaryo after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), especially during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
- 逆転敗北となった大内軍は寄藻川沿いに豊後高田方面へと退却し、海路周防に撤退した。
- Suffering a reversal, the Ouchi army retreated along the Yorimo-gawa river toward Takada, Bungo and withdrew beyond the sea to Suo.
- 渡河を許したため、頼政は宇治橋を捨てて平等院まで退き、以仁王を逃そうと防戦した。
- Unable to prevent the Taira from crossing the river, Yorimasa abandoned his position by Uji bridge and retreated to Byodoin temple in a fighting withdrawal, trying to give prince Mochihito time to escape.
- 一気に陣営がやせ細ってしまった義貞は、兵庫まで兵を退いて体制の立て直しを図った。
- Yoshisada, whose forces had dwindled rapidly, pulled his troops back to Hyogo and attempted to regroup.
- そのため尼子氏の攻撃を受けたが、宍戸隆家や山内隆通の援軍を得て尼子軍を撃退した。
- Accordingly, the Mitoya clan was attacked by the Amago clan, but fought off the Amago forces with reinforcements by Takaie SHISHIDO and Takamichi YAMAUCHI.
- 御悩危急(急病)により承安2年(1172年)5月3日に寮頭館に退下し、同日薨去。
- On June 3, 1172, she was accommodated in ryonokami no yakata (a building inside Saigu Palace, which is for unmarried princesses serving at Ise-jingu Palace) due to her sudden illness, and she passed away on the same day.
- 翌年の安和2年(970年)11月4日、冷泉天皇の譲位を受けて初斎院より退下した。
- On December 20, 969, she resigned from Shosaiin upon Emperor Reizei's abdication of the throne.
- また、長期にわたって外遊した結果、単位不足で進級できず学習院大学政治学科を中退。
- Moreover, this official travel lasted for long period resulted in the shortage of credits enough to advance to a higher degree, which obliged him to drop out of the Department of Political Science of Gakushuin University.
- 文武5年(701年)2月、突如新たに泉皇女が斎王に卜定され、当耆皇女は退下した。
- In March 701, Izumi no himemiko was suddenly designated a new saio by fortune telling, on which occasion Taki no himemiko resgined.
- 後院とは、天皇退位後の在所とすることを主な目的として設けられた離宮のことである。
- The Goin Palace is an imperial villa built mainly for the purpose of providing a residence for the Emperor after abdication.
- 天長4年(827年)2月26日病により退下し、宣子女王(仲野親王女)と交替した。
- On March 30, 827, she resigned her position because of a disease; Princess Yoshiko (daughter of Imperial Prince Nakano) took over the position.
- 両親の相次ぐ死で斎院を退下の後は、姉と共に祖母上東門院に引き取られて養育された。
- After retiring the Sai-in following the deaths of her parents, she and her elder sister were placed in the custody and rearing of their grandmother, Jotomonin.
- 父朱雀天皇退位後の天暦4年(950年)に誕生、同年8月10日内親王宣下を受ける。
- She was born in 950 after her father, Emperor Suzaku, abdicated the throne and became an Imperial Princess in September 29 of the same year by Imperial proclamation.
- 藤原秀郷(俵藤太)による大ムカデ退治伝説が残ることから「ムカデ山」の異名も持つ。
- It has also earned the nickname 'Mukade-yama (centipede mountain)' from the legend of FUJIWARA no Hidesato (TAWARA no Toda) destroying a giant centipede there.
- 南都七大寺の1つとして奈良時代には壮大な伽藍を誇ったが、平安時代に一時衰退した。
- As one of the Seven Great Temples of Nanto (Nara), it boasted magnificent temple buildings in the Nara period, but it declined in the Heian period for a certain time.
- 6月19日に24時間以内の国外退去命令が伝えられ、翌日から早速攻撃が開始された。
- They were told to leave China within 24 hours on June 19, and attacks began immediately the following day.
- 1874年に板垣退助・後藤象二郎らによって政府へ出された『民選議院設立建白書』。
- In 1874 Taisuke ITAGAKI and Shojiro GOTO submitted 'the Petition for Establishment of Minsen Giin (An Elected Assembly)' to the government.
- また、支配者である守護の家臣の国外退去を要求した土一揆も見られた(播磨の国一揆)。
- A peasants' uprising demanding the deportation of a vassal of Shugo, who was a ruler, also occurred in Harima Province.
- 院政期は、日本社会史上、貴族勢力の衰退と武士勢力の伸長という過渡期に位置していた。
- The Insei period was positioned as the transitional period in Japanese society history when the court noble force deteriorated while the samurai force was extended.
- しかし、範頼軍に援軍が来るという情報を得た平氏軍は長門国へ撤退する戦略を選択する。
- However, the Taira clan forces obtained information that Noriyori's troops would get reinforcements, so they decided to retreat to Nagato Province.
- 議定において源通親・隆季は「園城寺は衆徒が退散したので張本人を捕らえるだけで良い。
- At the public meeting, MINAMOTO no Michichika and Takasue argued that 'Since the armed clergy of Onjo-ji temple disbanded of their own accord, simply arresting the ringleaders will be sufficient punishment.
- 行松氏は成果を挙げられないまま、7月15日_(旧暦)には羽衣石城へ退却していった。
- The Yukimatsu clan, with fruitless results, retreated to Ueshi-jo Castle by July 15 on the old calendar.
- 李舜臣の再編によって朝鮮水軍は精強となり、日本軍の撃退に大いに貢献したと言われる。
- It is said that by the Yi's reorganization, the Korean navy became extremely powerful and made a great contribution to fighting off the Japanese navy.
- 天皇がこれを退けると、皇太子は皇祖母尊と皇后、皇弟(天武天皇)を連れて倭に赴いた。
- When the emperor refused, the crown prince moved to the City in Yamato with Empress Kogyoku, his empress and his younger brother (Emperor Tenmu).
- その後、守屋は群臣から命を狙われていると知らされて、別業の阿都(河内国)へ退いた。
- Later, Moriya retired to villa Ato (Kawachi Province) after hearing from his retainers that somebody was trying to kill him.
- 『古事記』によると、王は崇神天皇の命を受け、玖賀耳之御笠(くがみみのみかさ)退治。
- According to 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), Prince Hikoimasu received an order from the Emperor Sujin to destroy 'Kugamimi no Mikasa.'
- それを受けて、前述の駅前商店街は衰退の一途を辿り、空店舗が目立つようになっている。
- Accordingly, the aforementioned shopping districts near the train stations steadily declined, with many vacant stores appearing.
- 中世期に入ると、ヨーロッパの商業は衰退を見せるが、東方からの貨幣流入は継続された。
- In the Middle Ages an inflow of currencies from the East continued although commerce declined in Europe.
- 道隆一族が衰退していく不幸の最中、崩じた定子の魂を静めるために書かれたものである。
- The author wrote it to console Empress Teishi, who felt depressed over the fall of the Michitaka family.
- そこで県では処刑を担当した役人3人の進退伺いとともに中央に対処方法の指示を仰いだ。
- Therefore the prefectural government asked the central government how to deal with this and retribution of three officers, who were responsible for the execution.
- 一応、政治から退いた形になるがその後も摂政となった若い頼通を後見して指図している。
- It seemed like he retired from the political administration, but he continued to have guardianship over young Yorimichi who became Sessho (Regent) and gave him directions.
- 5月に三条上皇が崩御すると、それから程ない8月、敦明親王は自ら東宮辞退を申し出た。
- Soon after Ex-Emperor Sanjo passed away in May, Prince Atsuakira made a request in August to resign from being the Crown Prince.
- 高国・義興は一時は劣勢に追い込まれ、将軍足利義稙を擁して丹波国に撤退余儀なくされる。
- Takakuni and Yoshioki were temporarily cornered with inferior numbers and forced to withdraw to Tanba Province with shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA.
- 平氏軍は予定通り退却し、義朝は決死の覚悟で六波羅に迫るが六条河原であえなく敗退した。
- The Taira army began to withdraw, as planned, and although Yoshitomo prepared himself to die and charged after them towards Rokuhara, his force was soundly defeated at the Rokujo-gawara riverbed and forced to retreat.
- 源頼政(馬場頼政)は『平家物語』の登場する有名な武将で歌人、鵺退治の伝説でも名高い。
- MINAMOTO no Yorimasa (Yorimasa BABA) was a famous samurai warrior and poet who appears in 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike) and is renowned for getting rid of the nue (a creature of Japanese legend).
- 勝頼最後の戦となった田野の四郎作・鳥居畑では、信長の大軍を僅かな手勢で奮闘撃退した。
- In Shirotsukuri, Toriibata in Tano, which was the last battlefield of Katsuyori, he bravely fought off Nobunaga's large army with a small number of troops.
- 更に後退の際に城方の追撃を受け、戸石城の信幸も横合いから攻めるに及びついに壊乱した。
- In addition, they were chased by the castle side army as they retreated, Nobuyuki in Toishi-jo Castle also attacked from the side, and the army finally collapsed.
- そこでついに10月15日、秀吉の死は秘匿されたまま五大老による撤退命令が発令された。
- Finally, on December 2, a withdrawal order in the name of Gotairo was issued keeping Hideyoshi's death a secret.
- 閏8月2日に上田城に攻め寄せた徳川方は、二の丸まで進むがここで反撃を受け撃退される。
- On September 25, Tokugawa's army was close to Ueno-jo Castle and proceeded to Ninomaru (second bailey), but met a counter attack and was beaten back.
- 不改常典における近江令説退場の背景には、ほぼ同時期に唱えられた近江令非存在説がある。
- Recession of the Omi-Ryo theory in the discussion about Fukai-no-Joten was due to the Omi-Ryo nonexistence theory, which was advocated almost at the same moment.
- 自分は恐れて進むも退くもできなくなったが、天皇の命なので即位する」というものである。
- I myself was afraid and dared not to proceed nor retreat, however since it is a order of the emperor, I take the Throne,'
- ここでの隠逸とは山林などに身を隠すような隠遁と異なり、単に官を退くことと捉えてよい。
- Their recluses can be simply understood as retirements from official ranks, unlike hiding in mountains or forests.
- 信長はわずかな手勢で本願寺勢を破るが、毛利水軍に第一次木津川口の戦いで敗れ撤退する。
- Although the Nobunaga's force, with a limited number of soldiers, defeated the Ishiyama Honganji-temple force, the former was defeated by the Mori navy at the first battle of Kizukawaguchi.
- 1454年には赤松氏の出仕を巡り8代将軍足利義政と対立し、政務を引退して但馬へ下国。
- In 1454 he had a dispute with the eighth Shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, over the position of the Akamatsu family and resigned from governmental affairs, taking up residence in Tajima.
- 嘉吉の乱で暗殺されるに至って、遂に将軍権力の衰退と権威の失墜が露呈する結果となった。
- When he was assassinated in the Kakitsu Incident, the dwindling of the Shogun's power and the decline of shogunate authority became apparent.
- しかし、小手指ヶ原の戦いや分倍河原の戦い (鎌倉時代)で敗退し、鎌倉へ追い詰められた。
- The bakufu army was defeated at the battles of Kotesashi ga hara and Bubaigawara (the Kamakura period), and was cornered in Kamakura.
- 政界から引退して福原の山荘へ移り、日宋貿易および瀬戸内海交易に積極的に取り組み始めた。
- He retired from the political scene and moved to his mountain retreat in Fukuhara to start actively participating in Japan-Song trade and Seto Inland Sea trade.
- 義満は和解論を退け「当家の運と山名家の運とを天の照覧に任すべし」と述べて決戦を決める。
- Yoshimitsu avoided the peace treaty, and he decided to fight by saying, 'I leave up to the view of the heavens the destinies of my clan and the Yamana clan.'
- 同月末、織田方の岡田重孝らが学文路口の西尾山の砦を襲ったが部将二名を失って撃退される。
- At the end of March, Shigetaka OKADA and others of the Oda side attacked the fort of Mt. Nishio at Kamuro guchi, but they were defeated, losing two warriors.
- が、小西軍に属していた五島勢は共に明水軍・朝鮮水軍の海上封鎖を受けて撤退を阻害された。
- However, the Ming and Korean navy's blockade impeded the withdrawal of Konishi's troops, including the Goto troops.
- 562年(欽明天皇23年)には、新羅に討伐軍を送るが、敵の罠にかかってしまい退却する。
- In 562, though the Emperor Kinmei sent punitive forces to Silla, they were trapped and forced to withdraw.
- 日付は不明だが、6月末か7月初めに、敵の小部隊が玉倉部邑を衝いたが、出雲狛が撃退した。
- Although the date was unknown, in early August, a small force of the enemy attacked Tamakurabe no mura, but IZUMO no Koma repelled the attack.
- 在任13年の後、保安 (元号)4年(1123年)1月に鳥羽天皇譲位のため退下し、帰京。
- After thirteen years of service, she resigned and left for Kyoto in February 1123 due to the abdication of Emperor Toba.
- しかし、即日辞退してその日のうちに嵯峨上皇の子である正良親王(仁明天皇)が擁立された。
- However, Prince Tsuneyo excused himself from being the crown prince on the same day, and Imperial Prince Masara (Emperor Ninmyo), the son of the Retired Emperor Saga, was installed as the Crown Prince.
- 慶雲3年(706年)8月29日、退下した泉皇女の跡を継ぐ形で斎王として伊勢に下向した。
- On October 14, 706, the Princess Takata took over the position of Saio (an unmarried female relative of a Japanese emperor, serving at Ise Grand Shrine [Ise-jingu Shrine]) from the Princess Izumi, and left the capital for Ise Province.
- 承保4年(1077年)8月17日、父敦賢親王の喪により在任5年で退下することになった。
- On September 12, 1077, she was mourning for her father, Imperial Prince Atsukata, and was determined to resign after serving for five years
- 姻戚関係を結んだ諸大名を巻き込み、奥羽を二分する大乱に陥り衰退し居城を米沢市に移した。
- Involving other daimyos (territorial lords) with matrimonial relations to the Date clan, the confrontation turned out to be a huge war in the region, breaking up the Ou region into two, and after the War, the waned Date clan relocated its base to Yonezawa City.
- しかし鎌倉時代に入ると、御子左家の興隆によって衰退し、南北朝時代 (日本)に断絶した。
- However, during the Kamakura period, as the Mikohidari family flourished, the Rokujo family declined and finally became extinct during the period of the Northern and Southern courts (Japan).
- 戦国時代 (日本)、蒲生茂清が登場し、肝付氏らと結んで内紛で衰退した島津氏と対抗した。
- When the power of the Shimazu clan grew weak from internal conflicts during the Sengoku period, Shigekiyo GAMO banded with the Kimotsuki clan and fought with the Shimazu clan.
- この頃には老齢して病がちになり、しばしば致仕(引退)を願うが、その都度慰留されている。
- He was old by this time and was prone to illness; consequently, he often requested to be allowed to resign, but each time he was persuaded not to do so.
- (熊襲討伐後は吉備や難波の邪神を退治して、水陸の道を開き、天皇の賞賛と寵愛を受ける)。
- (After he subdued the Kumaso, he destroyed evil deities in Kibi and Naniwa and opened the routes on land and water, and the emperor praised him and bestowed favor upon him.)
- 1787年(天明7年)54歳、大坂北郊淡路庄村(現在の阪急電鉄淡路駅付近)に隠退した。
- In 1787, at age 54, he retired to Awajisho Village (淡路庄村) at the northern edge of Osaka (near the present-day Awaji Station of the Hankyu Railway).
- 続いて律令制の衰退に伴う地方政治の紊乱によって算道に対する需要が減少していくことになる。
- Then, the demand for Sando decreased due to the corruption of local politics posed by the decline of the Ritsuryo system.
- 屋島の戦いの後も、瀬戸内海を中心に小規模な戦闘が続いて両者とも一進一退を繰り返していた。
- After the Battle of Yashima, skirmishes continued to occur in the Seto Inland Sea and the battle front went back and forth.
- 一揆勢は熊野川で敗退し、浅野勢の奥熊野侵攻によって二十日足らずで鎮圧された(北山一揆)。
- The army of the riot was defeated at the Kumano-gawa River and was suppressed in less than 20 days (Kitayama Ikki).
- 4月1日、仙石ら三将は潮見峠越え(田辺市中辺路町)において湯河勢の反撃を受け、退却した。
- On April 30, the three commanders such as Sengoku were countered by the Yukawa army over the Shiomi Pass (Nakahechi-cho, Tanabe City) and withdrew.
- 山崎の戦いの後、明智秀満率いる明智軍の退却後、天主とその周辺建物(主に本丸)を焼失した。
- After the Battle of Yamazaki, following the withdrawal of Akechi's army led by Hidemitsu AKECHI from Azuchi-jo Castle, castle tower and surrounding structures (mainly Honmaru) were burnt down.
- その後わずか3歳で大斎院選子内親王の退下を受けて斎院に選ばれ、宮中を離れることとなった。
- Then appointed to the Sai-in, succeeding Daisaiin Princess Senshi at the age of only three, she left the Imperial Court.
- 義弘は森口城で戦っていた杉九郎と鴨山に配備した杉備中守を立退かせて堺に兵力を集中させた。
- Yoshihiro gathered all available troops at Sakai, and had both Kuro SUGI, who was fighting at Moriguchi Castle, and Bicchu no kami (the governor of Bicchu Province) SUGI, who was deployed at Kamoyama, fall back and join him there.
- さらに会議で徳川慶喜に対し内大臣の官位辞退と領地の一部返上(辞官納地)の要求を決定した。
- Moreover, at an assembly, it was decided to make the demand (jikan-nochi) that Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA resign from the position of inner minister (naidaijin)and return a part of his domain.
- 勢力は大きく衰退し、井伊谷の城と所領は家臣の横領や武田信玄の侵攻により数度失われている。
- Still, the Ii clan significantly lost their power, lost their castle and shoryo (territory) in Iinoya due in some part to embezzlements by vassals and the invasion of Shingen TAKEDA.
- 藤原純友の乱の時に、大宰府に迫った純友の弟の藤原純乗の軍勢を、柳川市の東方の蒲池で撃退。
- In FUJIWARA no Sumitomo's War, Kimiyori repelled the troops of FUJIWARA no Suminori (a younger brother of Sumitomo) who approached Dazaifu, in Kamachi in the east area of Yanagawa City.
- 同年には斯波義将の嫡子、斯波義重が義持の不興を買い、高野山に隠退した事件も起こっている。
- In the same year, Yoshishige SHIBA, the heir of Yoshimasa SHIBA, fell into disgrace with Yoshimochi, and secluded in Mt. Koya.
- 翌1955年(昭和30年)には重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)に指定されるもこれを辞退。
- The following year, 1955, he was appointed an Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure), although he declined the honor.
- 相模から上総国に渡る際、走水の海(横須賀市)の神が波を起こして倭建命の船は進退窮まった。
- When he went across from Sagami to Kazusa Province, the deity of Hashirimizu no umi (the sea of Hashirimizu, present-day Yokosuka City) made waves rough and Yamato Takeru no Mikoto's ship was unable to move forward.
- これに対して朝鮮側は強硬に退去を要求し、日朝間の外交問題に発展、日本では征韓論が台頭した。
- In response, the Korean government adamantly demanded Japanese withdrawal, which subsequently escalated into a diplomatic problem between Japan and Korea, leading to the rise of Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea) in Japan.
- 一方、独立した東国政権が朝廷へ併合されたのは後退であるとして消極的な評価を与える説もある。
- On the other hand, there is another theory that gives negative evaluation to it regarding it as a regression because it merged the independent Togoku government into the Imperial Court.
- しかし趙匡胤は前轍を踏まないために、宴の席で酒を飲みながら部下の節度使たちに引退を勧めた。
- However, in order not to repeat the mistakes of his predecessors, Zhao Kuangyin, as he drank wine at a banquet, persuaded the setsudoshi, who were his subordinates, to retire.
- 続いて援護のために進出した加藤嘉明と九鬼嘉隆の水軍が李舜臣の泊地攻撃に耐えかねて後退する。
- Then, the navy headed by Yoshiakira KATO and Yoshitaka KUKI, that debouched to back up, retreated as they could not stand up against attacks on their mooring places by Yi Sun-sin.
- その後、源高明は冷泉天皇を退位させようとしているとの風説で大宰府に左遷された(安和の変)。
- After that MINAMOTO no Takaakira said that he intended to let Emperor abdicate from the throne, he was demoted to Dazaifu (the Anna Incident).
- 最も頼みとしていた朝倉氏は、小谷城への来援に現れるも自軍の事情で越前本国へ退却してしまう。
- Although the Asakura clan, on which the Azai clan was relying as the last resort, once sent auxiliary forces to the Odani-jo Castle, pulled them back to its home base, Echizen Province, due to its own strategic reasons.
- この撤退によって信玄がもくろんでいた織田軍分散計画は破綻。武田軍の進軍速度は極端に鈍った。
- This withdrawal brought Shingen's plan of dispersing the ODA force to naught, which led to drastically slow down the TAKEDA force's speed of advance drastically.
- 同年の10月3日に、大津皇子が謀反人として死を賜った後、11月17日に退下し、都に帰った。
- She retired on December 10 of the same year, and returned to the capital after Imperial Prince Otsu was killed on a charge of treason on October 28.
- その結果、銅銭使用を忌避させることとなり、一時的ながら畿内での貨幣流通そのものを衰退させた。
- As a result, people avoided using copper coins, causing the circulation of money in the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) decline temporarily.
- 瀬田で範頼軍と戦っていた今井兼平は宇治方面での敗報を知り退却、粟津で義仲との合流に成功する。
- Kanehira IMAI, who had been fighting Noriyori's troops at Seta, retreated, having heard about the defeat at Uji, and successfully joined Yoshinaka in Awazu.
- 京大法学部の学生は教授会を支持し、全員が退学届けを提出するなど処分に抗議する運動を起こした。
- The students of the Faculty of Law in Kyoto University supported the board of professors and started a movement to protest the punishment by having all students submitting a leave from studies.
- その後、奏聞から戻ってきた行隆が以仁王誅伐の情報を伝えたため、興福寺即時追討論は退けられた。
- Thereafter, Yukitaka, who had returned from reporting to the emperor, conveyed the news of the death of the criminal, prince Mochihito, which removed the impetus for the immediate destruction of Kofuku-ji temple.
- 倒幕派の諸藩を中心とする維新政府は戊辰戦争を経て旧幕府勢力を退けると、明治新政府を樹立した。
- The restoration government centered on the domains for overthrowing the bakufu expelled the former bakufu powers via the Boshin Civil War, and then established the new Meiji government.
- 十六世紀初頭(戦国時代中頃)、光村の孫・及川重胤は江刺氏と戦って敗れ、光村の家系は衰退した。
- During the early sixteenth century (the mid-Sengoku (Warring States) period), Mitsumura's grandson Shigetane OIKAWA fought with the Esashi clan but was defeated, and consequently the Mitsumura family line went to ruin.
- またその独立性は、権力者の介入を退けるだけの経済力と軍事力によって裏打ちされたものであった。
- In addition, its independency was supported by the economic and military powers which could reject the intervention of authority.
- 10月15日、五大老の名において在朝鮮日本軍に撤退命令が出され、朝鮮より撤退する事となった。
- On November 13, an order for the Japanese army in Korea to withdraw was issued in the name of the Gotairo (Five Elders), and they were to withdraw from Korea.
- 現在の博多から箱崎の海岸が貿易の中心となり、大宋国商客宿坊と名を変えた鴻臚館での貿易は衰退。
- As a result, with the transfer of the trade center from the present Hakata to the coast of Hakozaki, trade at Korokan, the name of which had already been changed to the Daisokoku shokyaku shukubo (lodgings in a temple for visitors from the Great Song Dynasty), declined.
- 天平宝字2年(758年)に孝謙天皇は退位し、仲麻呂が後見する大炊王が即位して淳仁天皇となる。
- In 758, upon the abdication of Empress Koken, Prince Oi assumed the throne to become Emperor Junnin who had the backing of Nakamaro.
- 皇族出身の軍人・参謀では出色の才能を持ち、軍首脳部を動かして、1万人の将兵の撤退に尽力した。
- He had a remarkable talent for a military man and staff officer from the Imperial family, he motivated top military leadership and endeavored to have some 10,000 soldiers evacuated.
- 事件後、皇極天皇のあとを受けて皇位に即く事を勧められたがそれを断り、出家して吉野へ隠退した。
- After the incident, despite Furuhito no Oe no Miko was strongly recommended to ascend to the throne, he refused and entered into the priesthood to retire.
- 斎王制度は大伯皇女が朱鳥元年(686年)に退下したあと途絶えており、12年ぶりの卜定だった。
- The saio system had been discontinued after Oku no himemiko resigned in 686, and it was the designation by fortune telling for the first time in 12 years.
- 直仁親王は失意のうちに出家して父の御所であった萩原殿に隠退し、南北朝合一後にこの世を去った。
- Imperial Prince Naohito was disappointed and became a priest; he retired into Hagiwaradono (Hagiwara palace), his father's palace, and passed away after the Southern and Northern courts were united.
- 万寿元年(1024年)一品に叙せられた後、長元4年9月22日老病により退下、同28日に出家。
- After she was given the ippon (the first Imperial Princes' rank) in 1024, she resigned due to infirmities of old age on October 17, 1031 and became a priest on October 23.
- その退却中に織田軍の猛追を受けた上に、越前の本領まで攻め込まれて滅亡した(一乗谷城の戦い)。
- On the way of the withdrawal, the Asakura's auxiliary forces were heavily chased by the Oda's army, and the Oda army finally invaded into the Asakura's territory in Echizen Province, and destroyed the Asakura clan (the Battle of Ichijodani Castle).
- 官人が名簿を執って名を喚び、女王は称唯(イショウとよむのが慣習)して進み禄を受けて退出した。
- As a court official called each name of the princesses in accordance with a name list, the called princess would respond aloud and proceed to receive the Oroku gifts, with which they retired from the ceremony.
- 引退した老将が孫と曾孫からの問いかけに答える形で源氏と東国武士の歴史を語る形式を採っている。
- The book is written in a format that a retired old army general told stories of Genji and the history of Togoku Samurai by answering his grandchild's and great-grandchild's questions.
- 日本政府はその要求には応じなかったものの、1909年には留学生全員を国外に退去強制している。
- Although theJapanese government did not accept the demand, all Vietnamese students were expelled from Japan in 1909.
- その後、足利義昭の出家による引退後は代わって豊臣政権や江戸幕府が公文(公帖)が発給している。
- Afterward, following Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA's retirement to become a priest, the Toyotomi government, then the Edo bakufu handled the issuance of kumon (kojo).
- この戦いは大内氏衰退の一因となった一方、尼子氏は晴久のもとで勢力を回復させ、最盛期を創出する。
- This battle became a factor in the decline of the Ouchi clan; the Amago clan, on the other hand, regained its power under Haruhisa and entered a golden age.
- やがて、三人衆軍・筒井軍は退却したものの、以後も大和国内をはじめとする畿内各地で戦闘が続いた。
- Although the troops of the three men and Tsutsui retreated in the meantime, warfare continued in various places in the areas surrounding the capital, including Yamato Province.
- 多勢に無勢の状況を支えきれず勝家の軍勢は総崩れし、ついに勝家は越前・北ノ庄城に向けて退却した。
- Vastly outnumbered by Hideyoshi's forces, Katsuie's forces could not hold out and were routed, eventually forcing Katsuie to retreat to Kitanosho-jo Castle in Echizen.
- 結果的に徳川を撃退することで、真田の名を豊臣氏を始めとする有力緒将に知らしめることに成功した。
- As a result, they succeeded in having the name of Sanada be known to major lords including the Toyotomi clan by fighting off Tokugawa.
- 重祚(ちょうそ)とは、一度退位した皇帝が再び践祚(せんそ:皇帝に即位すること)することをいう。
- Choso means reaccession of retired emperors to the throne.
- 皇籍離脱後は山階氏を名乗るが、その後も入退院を繰り返し、昭和62年8月に藤沢の病院で逝去した。
- After the secession from the Imperial Family, he declared himself Mr. Yamashina, however, he was repeatedly hospitalized and passed away in a hospital in Fujisawa City, Kanagawa Prefecture in August, 1987.
- 酒呑童子退治などで有名な満仲の長男の源頼光も、摂津国に拠点を置いたことから摂津源氏と呼ばれる。
- MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, the eldest son of Mitsunaka, famous for the extermination of Shuten Doji (the leader of a group of bandits that roamed the region around Kyoto), was also called Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan) as he was based in Settsu Province.
- 義将の甥である斯波満種は1414年に将軍足利義持の不興を買い、加賀守護職を失って高野山に隠退。
- Mitsutane SHIBA, a nephew of Yoshimasa, incurred the displeasure of the Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA in 1414, lost his position as Shugoshiki of Kaga Province, and retired to Mt. Koya.
- また、義明の死去により真里谷氏では再び信応と信隆による家督争いが起こり、家運は急速に衰退する。
- Due to the death of Yoshiaki, the dispute over succession occurred again between Nobumasa and Nobutaka in the Mariya clan, which resulted in the rapid decline of the family fortunes.
- 重源死去以降も、復興事業は続けられ、その後大勧進の職は重源から栄西、退耕行勇へと移っていった。
- The restoration project went on even after the death of Chogen, and the post of great fund raiser was transferred from Chogen to Eisai and Gyoyu TAIKO.
- 続いて公卿が文書について協議・裁決を行い、請印(押印)を行った後に公卿が退席して終了となった。
- Subsequently after kugyo discussed the cases on monjo and gave a decision to them, they set a seal on the decisions and left the room, which meant the end of the conference.
- しかし、寺内の死後、その勢力は急速に衰退し、山縣の死をもって長閥勢力の終わりは決定的となった。
- After Terauchi died, however, the Chobatsu force drastically decreased, and it finally came to an end when Yamagata died.
- だが、平安時代に入ると律令制度の崩壊とともに国学も衰退し、11世紀に入る頃までにはほぼ消滅した。
- In association with the collapse of the Ritsuryo system in the Heian period, Kokugaku also declined and ceased to exist by the beginning of the 11th century.
- 律令制の衰退に伴い義倉も衰退したが、江戸時代に入ると儒教の影響で諸藩の中に義倉を作る所が現れた。
- With the deterioration of the Ritsuryo system, a giso warehouse was disappearing, but there appeared to be domains which began to construct giso warehouses due to the influence of Confucianism during the Edo Period.
- その晩は酒盛り上がり、深夜、酔って動かなくなった酒呑童子の一味の鬼たちを頼光らは残らず退治した。
- That night, Yorimitsu and his compatriots held a drinking bout together with their hosts and then waited until late at night, when Shuten Doji and his gang were all so drunk they could barely move, before exterminating every last one of them.
- 撤退命令を受領した小西行長は11月、明・朝鮮の陸水諸将と交渉や買収で無血撤退の約束を取り付ける。
- Having received the withdrawal order, Yukinaga KONISHI succeeded in December to obtain a promise of bloodless withdrawal through negotiations with and by bribing the Ming and Korean commanders of the army and navy.
- 天平16年(744年)1月13日 (旧暦)、弟の安積親王の死により、斎王の任を解かれ、退下する。
- On February 5, 744, she was dismissed from the post of Saio (high priestess) and resigned due to the death of her younger brother Prince Asaka.
- 天長8年(831年)12月、賀茂斎院有智子内親王(嵯峨天皇皇女)の退下に伴い、斎院に卜定される。
- With the withdrawal of Kamo-saiin Imperial Princess Uchiko (daughter of Emperor Saga), she became Saiin (Imperial Princess appointed to serve the deities of the Kamo-jingu Shrine) by bokujo (decided by fortunetelling) in January 832.
- 同年9月野宮に入ったが、仁安3年(1168年)2月、六条天皇譲位のため群行をしないまま退下した。
- In October of the same year, she entered the Nonomiya (Field Palace), but she returned in March 1168 without finishing the Gunko (three years of purification for Saigu at Nonomiya, and returned to Ise) due to the abdication from the throne of Emperor Rokujo.
- これらの天皇は退位後も「天皇家の家父長」として若い天皇を後見するとして国政に関与する事があった。
- Such an Emperor would occasionally participate in governing the nation even after abdication, on the grounds that he, as 'the head of the Imperial Family,' was overseeing the young Emperor.
- 義政は打続く土一揆や政治的混乱に倦んで、将軍を引退して隠遁生活への移行を夢見るようになっていた。
- Tired of successive Doikki (peasant uprisings) and political confusion, Yoshimasa had come to dream of retiring from the Shogunate and living in seclusion.
- しかし、平安時代に入って衰退し、火災や台風で多くの堂塔が失われ、寺は興福寺の支配下に入っていた。
- However, it declined in the Heian period and many halls and pagodas were lost by fire or typhoon and the temple itself was controlled by Kofukuj-ji Temple.
- 顕広王は本来は源氏であり、神祇伯就任とともに王氏に復し、退任後に源氏に戻る最初の例となっている。
- Akihiro-o's family name was originally Minamoto, and he was the first person to get back the family name of O on becoming Jingi haku and then take back the family name of Minamoto after retirement.
- 岩松氏は新田荘北東部の桐生に退隠していたが、後北条氏に代わって関東に入部した徳川家康に接見する。
- The Iwamatsu clan had retired in Kiryu in the northeastern part of Nitta no sho estate, and had a reception with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA who had entered the domain of Kanto for the first time in the place of the Gohojo clan.
- 史は奏文を受理して退出後に勅裁の結果を書いたものを蔵人に付して奏し、また職事公卿や弁官に進めた。
- Fuhito, the clerical official who received the sobun again from Shikiji-kugyo would exit from Jin-no-za (the court of Shikiji-kugyo) to submit relevant sobun with remarks of imperial decision to Kuroudo (chamberlain of imperial court) as well as to Shikiji-kugyo and Benkan (a division of Daijokan, the Grand Council of State, responsible for controlling central and provincial government affairs).
- しかし1817年に信明が死去すると、これに前後して他の遺老たちも引退してこの政権も終焉を迎える。
- But Nobuaki died in 1817, and other vassals retired around then, which put an end to the reforms.
- 4月9日頃、倭軍は兵の一部を対馬へ撤退させ、残りを薺浦へ終結させて盛親自ら講和交渉に臨もうとする。
- Around April 9, the Japanese Army withdrew a part of their troops to Tsushima while the remaining forces got together at Seiho, and Morichika himself attempted to have peace negotiations.
- 10月2日から4日にかけて明・朝鮮軍が水陸から順天倭城を攻撃したが、これを撃退する(順天の戦い)。
- From October 31 to November 2, the Ming and Korean armies attacked the Suncheon Waeseong from both land and sea, but the Japanese army fought them off.
- 4月20日 (旧暦)(6月10日)、劣勢であると判断した賤ヶ岳砦の守将、桑山重晴も撤退を開始する。
- On June 10, Shigeharu KUWAYAMA, the defending general of Shizugatake Fort, also judged the situation as disadvantageous and began to retreat.
- なんらかの罪を犯したり不祥事を起こしたりしたわけでもない者を后位から退けることは当然できなかった。
- As a matter of course, no one could be dismissed from the position of the empress unless she committed a crime or misconduct.
- 室町幕府が創立されると、一色範氏・一色直氏は九州探題となるが戦果が上がらず、一色氏は一時衰退する。
- When the Muromachi bakufu was established, Noriuji ISSHIKI and Naouji ISSHIKI became Kyushu Tandai (local commissioners), but since they failed to get a result in war, the Isshiki clan became weaker.
- 仁子内親王(嵯峨天皇皇女)の退下を受けて、弘仁14年(823年)6月3日に父淳和天皇の斎宮になる。
- After Imperial Princess Jinshi (daughter of Emperor Saga) resigned, she became Saigu (Imperial Princess appointed to serve the deities of the Ise-jingu Shrine) of her father, Emperor Junna on July 18, 823.
- 全体に絵具の剥落・退色が目立つが、現存遺品の少ない平安時代前期、9世紀の仏教絵画の大作として貴重。
- In whole, peeling off and fading of pigment is noticeable, but they are very precious as big pieces of Buddhist painting in the early Heian period, ninth century, for which the number of existing relics is small.
- さらに、2002年には住友金属工業が、2004年にはバイエル薬品とキヤノンが学研都市から撤退した。
- In addition, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. withdrew its activities from the city in 2002, and Bayer AG and Canon followed suite in 2004.
- 永正6年(1509年)、京都奪還を目指す澄元・之長らは京都に侵攻するが敗退(如意ケ嶽の戦い)する。
- In 1509, Sumimoto and Yukinaga, aiming to take back Kyoto, invaded Kyoto but lost (Battle of Nyoigatake).
- しかし11月17日、法皇は改めて義仲に京都退去を要求し、応じない場合は「追討の院宣」を下すと通告。
- However, again, on November 17th, the Monk-Emperor demanded Yoshinaka to leave Kyoto and warned him that a 'search-and-destroy decree' [for Yoshinaka] would be issued if he did not accept.
- この歌集は、絢爛たる王朝文化が衰退しはじめた頃、華やかなりし昔を振り返ったともいうべきものである。
- During the time when the magnificent dynastic culture began to decline, the selector compiled this collection of poetry, looking back on the splendid past.
- なお、殿上を退くことをよしとしない者はあえて叙爵を受けず、六位に留まり、改めて最末席の蔵人となった。
- Those who decided not to leave the court made a point of not being ennobled in order to remain at the sixth rank, and restarted a career as kurodo at the lowest rank.
- 3年前の嘉吉の変以後その政治的影響力が減退していた幕府はこれに屈して北野麹座の独占権の廃止を認めた。
- The bakufu, whose political influence had weakened after the Kakitsu Incident three years before, gave in to Enryaku-ji Temple, and allowed the abolition of the monopoly on Kitano koji za.
- 応仁の乱で将軍の権威は完全に失墜し幕府の権力は衰退したが、将軍の軍事的な実権はある程度保たれていた。
- The Onin War completely eclipsed shogunal authority and stripped the bakufu of much of its power, but the Shogun was able to hold onto some measure of de facto authority through his military power.
- 滝川一益は「進むも滝川、退くも滝川」といわれた戦術家で、調略の才も秀でていた当時屈指の武将であった。
- Kazumasu TAKIGAWA was one of the best commanders at that time who was praised as 'Takigawa is the best to advance, and Takigawa is the best to retreat,' with excellent talent for carrying out stratagem.
- しかし、これにも将軍としての力は全くなく、幼少期に就任し、成人すれば退位させられるという形であった。
- However, even this was without power as shogun, since they assumed the form in childhood and were forced to abdicate when they attained manhood.
- 攻囲軍は猛攻であったが、六角高頼軍も防備し、三度目の正直、ついに京極持清軍を撃退することに成功する。
- Although the besieging army delivered blistering attacks, the army of Takayori ROKKAKU defended the castle well and finally succeeded in fighting off the army of Mochikiyo KYOGOKU.
- さらに岩崎山に陣取っていた高山右近を攻撃、右近も支えきれずに退却し、木ノ本の豊臣秀長の陣所に逃れた。
- They further attacked Ukon TAKAYAMA, who had taken up his position on Mt. Iwasaki; he was also unable to withstand the attack and retreated to the camp of Hidenaga TOYOTOMI at Kinomoto.
- これは小西行長によって撃退するものの、明の救援によって交渉優先の状況となり戦況は膠着することになる。
- This assault was beaten back by Yukinaga KONISHI, but, because of assistance from Ming, the situations changed to prioritize negotiation and war situation got stuck.
- 770年(宝亀元年)の称徳天皇の崩御後、吉備真備に次期天皇に推されたが、浄三はこれを辞退したという。
- After the Emperor Shotoku died in 770, he was recommended as the next emperor by KIBI no Makibi, but he refused it.
- ちなみに、現在の日本の皇室典範では皇太子の皇籍離脱は認められておらず、 皇位継承権の辞退もできない。
- For information, the current Imperial House Law of Japan prohibits a crown prince's secession from the Imperial Family, or his declining the right of succession to the Imperial Throne.
- 後深草はこれを見届けると正応3年(1290年)に出家(48歳)し、治天の政務も伏見に譲って引退した。
- After witnessing this, Gofukakusa retired and became a priest in 1290 (aged 48), also yielding the job of Chiten to Fushimi.
- 退位後は一皇族の地位に降り、後任の天皇となる大伴(淳和天皇)に全権力を委ねることを表明したのである。
- After his abdication, he returned to his status as one of the Imperial family members, and publicly announced that he left all power to the coming Emperor Otomo (Emperor Junna).
- この行動は、兼家・詮子父子の憤激を招き、詮子の内裏退出と兼家一家の政務ボイコットという事態に至った。
- This behavior made father Kaneie and daughter Senshi angry, leading to Senshi leaving the Imperial Palace and Kaneie's family boycotting administration duties.
- 自らは病の為執権職を退くが、嫡子北条時宗が幼少だった為、北条氏 (極楽寺流)の北条長時に執権を譲る。
- He himself retired from the post of regent because of illness, but as his heir (Tokimune HOJO) was still a child, he handed over the position to Nagatoki HOJO, who was a member of the Gokurakuji line of the Hojo clan.
- 翌24年(1555年)の厳島の戦いで晴賢が元就に敗れて自害すると、大黒柱を失った大内家は一気に衰退。
- After Harukata was defeated by Motonathe in the Battle of Itsukushima in the next year 1555 and killed himself, the Ouchi family which lost the pillar declined at a stretch.
- 同年12月に浅井長政の援軍として近江国において織田軍と対峙中の朝倉義景が、突然本国への撤退を始めた。
- In December, 1572, Yoshikage ASAKURA, who was confronting with the Oda force as Nagamasa ASAI's support arms, suddenly started withdrawing to his homeland.
- 氏真は、家康が三河一向一揆で多くの家臣団に離反されたことに乗じて牛久保城に出兵したが撃退されている。
- When many of Ieyasu's vassals seceded because of the Ikko Ikki uprising in Mikawa, Ujizane took this opportunity and dispatched his troops to Ushikubo-jo Castle, but he was beaten off.
- 田堵には、古来の郡司一族に出自する在地豪族や、土着国司などの退官した律令官人を出自とする者が多かった。
- Many Tato were local powerful clans, who were the descendants of Gunji (local magistrate) during ancient times, or ex-officials such as native provisional governors.
- 兵を撤退させる事になったのは、余りの長い戦争に耐え切れなくなった領国で不穏な動きが相次いだからである。
- The daimyo did not in fact withdraw their soldiers until successive uprisings and unrest broke out in their home territories due to war weariness from the cost of having to support a war for so long.
- 第一陣が正面から渡河をするように突出すると、一条方は渡り終えたところに弓矢や鉄砲を浴びせんと後退した。
- When the first unit of the Chosogabe army advanced head-on into the river, the Ichijo army retreated in order to attack the enemy with arrows and bullets as they reached their side of the river.
- 1887年(明治20年)の保安条例では、民権運動家は東京より退去を強いられ、これを拒んだ者を拘束した。
- Regulations for the Reservation of Law and Order in 1887 enforced people-rights activists to leave Tokyo, and if activists refused, they were captured.
- 皇子軍は更に退いて宇治市(うじ)に陣立てし、武内宿禰と武振熊(和珥氏の祖)を将軍とする皇后軍に挑んだ。
- Imperial Prince Oshikuma ordered his army into retreat; then established his battle array in Uji City, and prepared for engage the army of the Empress, whose shoguns were 'Takenouchi no Sukune' and Takefuru Kuma (ancestoer of Wani Uj).
- 明治から大正にかけて2度にわたり内閣総理大臣を務め、退任後元老に列せられた西園寺公望は公純の子である。
- Kinmochi SAIONJI, who served as the prime minister twice and was designated as Genro (unofficial advisor to the emperor) after retirement from Meiji through Taisho Period, was the child of Kinito TOKUDAIJI,.
- しかし、これに不満を抱いた後深草が翌建治元年(1275年)、太上天皇の尊号辞退と出家の意思を表明した。
- However, Gofukakusa was dissatisfied with this and thus declined the title of Daijo-Tenno (retired Emperor) and announced his intention to become a priest in 1275.
- 繁子内親王(光孝天皇皇女)の退下を受けて、寛平元年(889年)2月に従兄弟宇多天皇の斎宮に卜定された。
- After Imperial Princess Hanshi (princess of Emperor Koko) resigned, she was designated as Saigu (Imperial Princess appointed to serve the deities of the Ise-jingu Shrine) of her cousin, Emperor Uda by bokujo (decided by fortunetelling) in March 889.
- 直義が政務を退く代わりとして鎌倉に居た尊氏の嫡子足利義詮が上洛して次期将軍として政務を執ることとなる。
- In place of Tadayoshi, who retired from governing, Takauji's legal son, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA who lived in Kamakura came to Kyoto to become the next shogun and take up the administration.
- 藤原秀康と三浦胤義は支えきれないと判断し、宇治市・瀬田 (大津市)で京を守るとして早々に退却を決める。
- Judging that there was no way for them to aid Korenobu, Hideyasu FUJIWARA and Taneyoshi MIURA decided to pull back quickly to the cities of Uji and Seta (Otsu City), from there to protect the capital.
- 長慶やその弟たちの相次ぐ死と、久秀や三人衆が主導権をめぐって争った結果、三好氏は著しく衰退してしまう。
- With the successive deaths of Nagayoshi and his younger brothers and as the result of Hisahide and sanninshu bickering over the leadership, Miyoshi clan extremely declined in strength.
- 徳山の家中は9月30日 (旧暦)を限って立ち退きを命じられ、萩その他の縁故者を頼ってそれぞれ移転した。
- The former retainers of the Tokuyama family were ordered to vacate their residences by November 13, and moved to their relatives residences in other places including Hagi.
- この時吉元は徳山家中の身分に応じて引越料を支給し、立ち退きの終了した旧徳山藩領を一つの行政区画とした。
- At this occasion, Yoshimoto paid each retainer of the Tokuyama family the moving expenses depending on their status, and handled the area of the former Tokuyama domain as an administrative area.
- 孤立した証如は山科本願寺に退避していた蓮如の末子・実従が発見して辛うじて石山御坊に連れ出したのである。
- Isolated Shonyo was found by Renyo's youngest son Jitsuju, who had retreated into Yamashina Hongan-ji Temple, and was narrowly carried away to Ishiyama Gobo.
- だが、その後ロシア軍の満洲撤退が行われなかったことから、近衛を中心に対露同志会が結成されることになる。
- Later, however, Russia failed to withdraw from Manchuria and KONOE and his group formed a new organization called 'Tairodoshikai (Comrades against Russia)'.
- しかし懐良親王には朝貢貿易を主催する財力も、倭寇を取り締まる海軍力もなく、明の期待に沿えぬまま退場した。
- However Imperial Prince Kanenaga who did not have the financial abilities to host the tribute trade nor the force of the navy to crack down on wako left the status without meeting the Ming expectations.
- だが、長い内乱や半済令の影響で寺社本所領や公領の衰退が著しく、彼らが持っていた職は名目上のものとなった。
- Under the influences of the long-lasting civil war and hanzeirei (half-tax decrees), Jisha honjoryo (lands of temples and nobles) and koryo were severely declined, and the shiki associated with the lands became in name only.
- しかし朝鮮王朝は講和に応じず、4月19日朝鮮王朝軍は薺浦へ攻撃をかけ、薺浦は陥落、倭軍は対馬へ撤退する。
- However, the Korean Dynasty refused his proposal for the negotiations, and on April 19, the Korean Dynasty Army attacked Seiho and succeeded in obtaining it, so the Japanese Army had to retreat to Tsushima.
- これは、大久保利通、伊藤博文ら政府要人と、木戸孝允、板垣退助らの民権派の会談である大阪会議の結果である。
- The Osaka conference held by important government officials such as Toshimichi OKUBO and Hirobumi ITO, and democratic activists such as Takayoshi KIDO and Taisuke ITAGAKI resulted in this declaration.
- 明・朝鮮軍の総力を挙げた攻勢を撃退した日本軍であったが、既に8月18日に秀吉は死去していた(享年62)。
- Although the Japanese forces fought off the all-out attack from the Ming-Korean forces, Hideyoshi had already died on September 18th (died at the age of 62).
- 1326年、兄の高時が執権職を退いたとき、その後を継ごうとしたが、長崎高資の反対にあって実現しなかった。
- In 1326, he was going to take over the position of shogunal regent when his elder brother Takatoki resigned the post, but was unable to take office due to opposition from Takasuke NAGASAKI.
- 同3年(975年)6月25日、斎院尊子内親王(冷泉天皇皇女)の退下により、12歳で賀茂斎院に卜定される。
- On August 10, 975, due to the Saiin Imperial Princess Sonshi's (Princess of Emperor Reizei) resignation, she was assigned as Kamo Saiin at the age of 12 by bokujo (bokutei) (to decide by fortunetelling).
- サアドは廃位される不名誉を避けようと、自発的に退位する旨の文書を議会に届けたが、採決に間に合わなかった。
- In an attempt to deflect the dishonor of being dethroned, Saad submitted a document regarding voluntary abdication to the congress, but this was not voted on in time.
- 宗全の死後、家督は山名政豊が継いだものの、宗全死去や応仁の乱などによって一族の勢力は急速に衰退してゆく。
- Sozen's death and the continuation of the Onin War rapidly diminished the power of the clan, even though Masatoyo YAMANA took over the family estate as the head of the Yamana clan.
- しかし、四国に渡り阿波を中心とする分国支配を堅持することにより敵対勢力を退け、やがて中央政界に復帰した。
- However, he repulsed the enemy forces by traveling to Shikoku and steadfastly maintaining the provincial control centering on Awa, and soon returned to the national political arena.
- 斯波詮高の代には岩手郡滴石(岩手県雫石町)の戸沢氏を攻略し、角館へ退去させるなど積極的な拡大も見られた。
- At the time of Akitaka SHIBA, it actively expanded its territory as it attacked the TOZAWA clan of Shizukuishi, Iwate-gun County (Shizukuishi cho, Iwate Prefecture) ousting the clan to Kakunodate.
- しかし、長年の抗争で衰退させた家運の回復までには至らず、天文18年(1549年)に今川義元の猛攻に敗退。
- However, it was not enough to recover the family fortunes which was decayed by the longtime rivalries, and was subsequently defeated by the fierce attack of Yoshimoto IMAGAWA in 1549.
- 蛇性の婬(じやせいのいん) - 男が蛇の化身である女につきまとわれるが、最後は道成寺の僧侶に退治される。
- A Serpent's Lust - A man is stalked by a woman who is an incarnation of a serpent, but she is at last destroyed by a monk of the Dojo-ji Temple.
- だが、渋沢は現状の民部大蔵省のあり方ではとても新しい国家建設に進める体制にはないとして辞退を申し入れた。
- However, Shibusawa declined the proposal saying the existing system of Minbu Okura-sho was far from building a new nation.
- 法定された金銀比価と市場価格のバランスが崩れると、市場価格が有利な方の貨幣が退蔵される可能性が高かった。
- When the proper balance was lost between the market price and the legally fixed exchange ratio between gold and silver, the currency that had more advantageous market price was likely to be kept as dead storage.
- 1874年、板垣退助は民撰議院設立建白書を政府に提出したが、これをめぐって明六社内でも議論が戦わされた。
- In 1874 Taisuke ITAGAKI submitted the political statement for democratic representatives to the government, which was also discussed among the members of Meirokusha.
- 31日、桐野・村田らは諸軍を指揮して宮崎で戦ったが、再び敗れ、薩軍は広瀬・佐土原へ退いた(宮崎の戦い)。
- On the 31st, Kirino and Murata directed the army and fought in Miyazaki, but they lost again, and Satsu-gun withdrew to Hirose and Sadowara (the Battle of Miyazaki).
- このため同年4月、進退窮まった沢柳総長は辞職に追い込まれた(後任総長は山川健次郎東京帝大総長が兼任した)。
- Under such circumstances, the president of the university, Sawayanagi, was driven into a corner and was forced to resign from his post in April of the same year (Kenjiro YAMAKAWA, the president of Tokyo Imperial University, was concurrently appointed as a successor).
- 1355年(正平10年/文和4年)にも直冬を奉じた山名時氏らが京都侵攻を行うが、維持出来ずに撤退している。
- In 1355, Tokuiuji YAMANA tried to attack Kyoto with Tadafuyu, but could not maintain his attack and had to retreat.
- しかし、継体天皇の登場によりヤマト王権による列島支配が強まり、一方、朝鮮半島への進出傾向は大きく後退した。
- However, after Emperor Keitai was introduced, control over the islands of Japan by Yamato sovereignty became stronger, but on the other hand, the trend of advancing to the Korean peninsular became considerably weak.
- 翌永禄6年(1563年)にも、尼子方は宇山久兼・牛尾幸清・立原久綱らに三刀屋城を攻撃させたが、退けている。
- Again in 1563, the Amago clan ordered Hisakane UYAMA, Yoshikiyo USHIO, and Hisatsuna TACHIHARA to attack the Mitoyajo Castle, but were fought off.
- 本能寺の変による信長の横死後、蒲生賢秀・蒲生氏郷父子は本拠地日野城に信長の妻子などを安土から移動させ退去。
- Notified that Nobunaga was killed in the Honnoji Incident, Katahide GAMO and his son Ujisato GAMO had Nobunaga's family and others evacuate from Azuchi to their stronghold Hino-jo Castle, then they left Azuchi-jo Castle.
- 永享5年(1433年)、新宮氏残党は越後国小川庄津川城を攻めたが、城代・金上氏によって撃退されて滅亡した。
- In 1433, the remainders of the Shingu clan attacked Tsugawa-jo Castle, Ogawa-no-sho, Echigo Province, but they were beaten back by the Kanakami clan, Jodai (the keeper of castle), and consequently went to ruin.
- 泰綱の一族である六角氏が佐々木氏の嫡流であることは変わりはなかったが、その勢力は大きく減退することになる。
- The fact that the Rokkaku clan (namely the Yasutsuna family) was the legitimate blood of the Sasaki clan remained unchanged, but the Rokkaku clan's power was seriously weakening.
- だが、天皇は退位を拒絶し続けて事態が膠着している最中、突然邦良親王が27歳の若さで急死してしまうのである。
- However, while the Emperor refused to abdicate the throne and there was no progress in the situation, Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi suddenly died when he was just twenty seven years old.
- 室町時代の終わり在富の没後には家業の暦道を安倍氏に奪われて衰退し、戦国時代 (日本)には断絶したとされる。
- The family went into decline after the death of Aritomi at the end of the Muromachi period after being deprived of rekido, their family business, by the Abe clan, and was discontinued in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
- 新庄藩を占領し久保田城に迫ったが、他の同盟藩の降伏によって新政府軍の兵力が増強されたため領内へと撤退した。
- The Shonai Domain occupied the Shinjo Domain and advanced to Kubota Castle, but retreated back into its own territory because the new government's forces became dominate from the surrender of some of Shonai's allied domains.
- 事件は禅僧夢窓疎石の仲介もあり、重能・直宗の配流、直義が出家し幕政から退くことを条件に、師直は包囲を解く。
- This incident was intervened into by the Zen priest Muso Soseki, under the condition that Shigeyoshi and Naomune were to be exiled, Tadayoshi became a monk and retired from the bakufu administration, Moronao removed his barricade.
- これらのことは、奥羽における室町時代の旧権威衰退と奥羽における伊達氏の覇権確立を予見させるには十分過ぎた。
- These achievements of the Date clan were a more than enough evidence to foresee the declining power of the old authorities in the Ou region and the establishment of the hegemony by the Date clan in the same region during the Muromachi Period.
- また、明治以前には太上天皇や法皇の退位後の離宮として「後院」と呼ばれる離宮が築かれて専属の役人が置かれた。
- Before the Meiji period, there were Rikyu built as a villa for a retired emperor and cloistered emperor for after their retirement, which were called 'Goin,' and there were exclusive officials to look after these places.
- 12日、慶喜は江戸城を徳川慶頼(田安徳川家当主、元将軍後見職)・松平斉民(前津山藩主)に委任して退出した。
- On February 12th, Yoshinobu entrusted Yoshiyori TOKUGAWA (the head of the Tayasu-Tokugawa family and former Shogun-kokenshoku [one of three important governmental administrative officials, the guardian for the Shogun]) and Naritami MATSUDAIRA (the former lord of the Tsuyama Domain) with the Edo-jo Castle, then subsequently retired.
- 小栗の作戦は、敵軍を箱根以東に誘い込んだところで、兵力的に勝る幕府海軍が駿河湾に出動して敵の退路を断った。
- The strategic plan of Oguri was the bakufu would entice the enemy army out to the east of Hakone and the bakufu navy would approach from Suruga Bay shutting down the enemy's retreat.
- 4月11日に慶喜が上野を退去した後も、彰義隊は寛永寺に住する輪王寺宮公現法親王を擁して上野に居座り続けた。
- Although Yoshinobu left Ueno on April 11th, the Shogitai troops changed their master to the Cloistered Imperial Prince Rinojinomiya Kogen who was residing in the Kanei-ji Temple, then continued to stay in Ueno.
- 宮木の美貌にひかれた男共が言い寄ることもあったが、これを退けるなどして、宮木は心細く夫の帰りを待ちわびる。
- Some men who are attracted by Miyagi's beauty try to get close to her, but she refuses them and continues to wait alone for her husband.
- だが、引退したにも関わらず、時頼が政治の実権を握ったことは、その後の北条氏における得宗家の先駆けとなった。
- Contrary to his intention, Tokiyori assumed real political power after his retirement, and this heralded the Tokuso family in the Hojo family.
- 6月11日農民軍の弊政改革案を受け入れて全州和約を結び、清および日本の武力介入を避けるべく農民軍は撤退した。
- On June 11, the government accepted the government reform plan proposed by the peasants, and the peasants withdrew to prevent military intervention by the Qing and Japan.
- さらに徳川家康も天下人を目指して、伊達政宗らと無断婚姻を行なうなど、豊臣政権は次第に衰退の兆しを見せてゆく。
- In addition, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA aimed to be 'tenkabito' (a person becoming the ruler of the country) and entered an unauthorized marriage with Masamune DATE; thus, showing signs of the TOYOTOMI government's decline.
- 翌年の元慶7年(883年)に野宮に入るが、群行しないうちに元慶8年(884年)陽成天皇の退位により退下した。
- In 883, the next year, she entered Nonomiya (Field Palace for imperial princesses to purify themselves), but before gunko (to go into Ise Shrine after the period of the purification), she resigned from Ise Saigu because of the Emperor Yozei's abdication from the throne in 884.
- 父・天皇の崩御後の嘉祥4年2月23日 (旧暦)(851年3月29日)に出家して雲林院に隠退して詩作に励んだ。
- After his father the Emperor died, he became a priest and retired to Urin-in Temple on April 2, 851, enjoying writing poems.
- これは現旧の皇室典範が退位に関する規定を設けず、天皇の崩御(死去)によって皇嗣が即位すると定めたためである。
- This is because the present and former Imperial House Act didn't provide the rule for the abdication, and stated that the Koshi (Crown Prince) would be enthroned after the Hogyo of Tenno.
- 天皇は上皇の院政を停止して、上皇に退位を強要される事態を阻止し、皇位継承に干渉する鎌倉幕府の打倒を計画した。
- The Emperor intended to stop the Retired Emperor's cloistered government and tried to escape only to be forced to abdicate from the throne by the retired Emperor, thus he planned to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu who interfered with the Imperial succession.
- 同4年(1072年)後三条天皇退位、翌同5年(1073年)病の後三条上皇と共に出家するがまもなく上皇は崩御。
- She entered the priesthood along with the ill Emperor Gosanjo in 1073, who had abdicated the throne in 1072; however, he died shortly afterward.
- その起源は明らかでないが、「大唐西域記」に、釈迦が霊鷲山で説法する時、退凡下乗の卒塔婆を建てたことが見える。
- The origin of 'Geba-fuda' is not known, but it was described in 'The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions' that, when Shakyamuni (Buddha) was preaching at Ryojusen Mountain, he put up Sotoba (a tall, narrow wooden tablet) to notify all nobles to get down from their palanquins or dismount their horses and all ordinary people not to enter into the area secured for his preaching.
- しかし、寛典論の広沢は12日に辞退し、代わって14日強硬派の西郷隆盛(薩摩)と林通顕(宇和島)が補任された。
- Hirosawa, who had favored a more lenient treatment policy, resigned his position on February 12th; the replacements for Hirosawa were Takamori SAIGO (Satsuma), and Michiaki HAYASHI (Uwajima), and they were appointed to this office on February 15th.
- なかでもヴォルガ川支流のオカ川、カマ川流域の艀で働く12~13歳の少年や退役軍人が全体の62%を占めていた。
- 62 percent of the crew was accounted for by 12 or 13-year-old boys who worked for a lighter in the basin of the Oka River and the Kama River: tributaries of the Volga River, and former servicemen.
- 三好氏は元長の嫡男・三好長慶が継ぐことは許されたが、長慶は10歳という幼少のために三好氏は一時的に後退した。
- The Miyoshi clan was allowed to have Motonaga as their heir, Nagayoshi MIYOSHI, to take over the family head; however, since Nagayoshi was as young as 10 years old at that time, the Miyoshi clan temporarily retreated.
- だが、自由党元総裁板垣退助は自分が疎外された事から運動から距離を置き、立憲改進党の大隈重信も懐疑的であった。
- However, Taisuke ITAGAKI, former president of the Liberal Party, distanced himself from the movement because he was alienated and Shigenobu OKUMA of the Constitutional Progressive Party was skeptical.
- 慶応2年(1866年)に孝明天皇が崩御し、容保本人は守護職辞退を何度も申し立てるが幕府も朝廷も認めなかった。
- Emperor Komei died in 1866, and though Katamori appealed over and over to resign from his position as Kyoto Shugoshoku, neither the Imperial Court nor the shogunate would approve it.
- しかし、もう一方の松前口が破られて退路が絶たれる危険が起こったため、やむなく二股口を退却、五稜郭へ帰還した。
- However, the other entrance at Matsumaeguchi fell under the attacks of the enemy, and as there was a risk of losing a route for a retreat they had no choice but to return to Goryokaku.
- 東宮との間に一女があり、その娘は後に「葵 (源氏物語)」で斎宮となり退下した後冷泉帝に入内する(秋好中宮)。
- She had a daughter with the crown prince and the daughter became an Saigu (Imperial Princess appointed to serve the deities of the Ise-jingu Shrine) in 'Aoi (Genji Monogatari)' and, after resigning, entered into court as a consort of the Emperor Reizei (Akikonomu Chugu, the second consort of an emperor).
- 滝川はこの3教官に対し罷免を示唆しつつ公の場で繰り返し非難を行い、結局のところ3人全員が特別弁護人を辞退した。
- Takigawa hinted that the three staff members could be fired and repeatedly criticized them in public, and in the end, all three declined the position of special lawyer.
- 6月14日、旅順援護のため南下してきたロシア軍部隊を得利寺の戦いで撃退、7月23日には大石橋の戦いで勝利した。
- The Second Army advanced southwards to support units in Lushun, and repulsed a Russian Army unit at the Battle of Tokuriji on June 14th, and on July 23rd they one a second victory at the battle of Oishibashi.
- 足利義満の死に際し、朝廷が太上天皇の尊号を贈ろうとしたという事例もあったが、最終的には子の足利義持が辞退した。
- There was a case where, on the occasion of the death of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the Imperial Court offered to award him the honorary title of Daijo Tenno, but eventually his son Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA refused to accept.
- しかし、栗隈王の二人の子、三野王(美努王)と武家王が側にいて剣を佩き、退く気配がなかったため、恐れて断念した。
- However, Minu no Okimi and Takeie no Okimi, the two sons of Kurikuma no Okimi were standing close to their father with their swords ready to fight back, so Saeki gave up his plot for fear of being defeated.
- そのため李完用など親日派勢力により皇帝の退位が画策され、7月20日、皇太子への譲位に追い込まれ太上皇となった。
- On this occasion, Lee Wan-yong and other pro-Japanese people planned to depose the emperor, who was forced to pass the throne on to the crown prince on July 20 and become a retired emperor.
- 宇治平等院に引退した際に所有権は摂関家歴代当主に継承させるものの、邸宅自体は歴代天皇の里内裏として提供された。
- When he retired to Uji Byodo-in Temple, although the ownership was transferred to the heads of the line of regents and advisers, the residence was provided as a satodairi for the line of emperors.
- 昭和天皇自身は退位の意向を示したが、かえって戦争責任を認めることになるとして周囲から強い反対があり、撤回した。
- Emperor Showa showed his intension to abdicate at first, but because of strong opposing opinions, which suggest that abdication would admit the responsibility of the war, withdrew his intention.
- 同5年(1073年)3月斎院に卜定されたが、同年5月に父上皇が崩御、在任2ヶ月という歴代斎院中最短で退下した。
- She was decided to be the Saiin by fortunetelling in March 1073, but her father passed away in May of the same year, and she retired after incumbency of two months, which is the shortest of all Saiins in the history.
- 織田信長包囲網の一翼を担って一時期信長を苦しめた毛利氏は、羽柴秀吉の前に後退に次ぐ後退でひと頃の勢力を失った。
- The Mori clan that for a certain period had harassed Nobunaga by playing a part of an encircling net was forced by Hideyoshi HASHIBA to repeatedly retreat in succession and lost all the influence they had in the past.
- 信忠は何箇所もの傷を負いながら2人を切り倒す猛将ぶりを見せ、少数で猛烈な抵抗を見せて三度も光秀軍を退却させた。
- Nobutada fought as a brave commander and cut two warriors down despite many wounds and showed fierce resistance and drove Mitsuhide's troop retreat three times.
- 地形輪廻準平原である大台ヶ原山周辺から流れを発した川が滝を形成し、侵食作用によって滝つぼが後退して形成された。
- A river originated at the periphery of Mt. Odaigahara, which was a peneplane in cycle of erosion, formed a waterfall; then the basin of the waterfall was receded due to erosion and formed the gorge.
- 崇徳院と後白河天皇との皇位継承争いを軸に、崇徳側の敗退、以降の平治の乱、治承・寿永の源平合戦の予兆までを記す。
- Centering on a struggle for succession to the Imperial Throne between Sutoku-in and Emperor Goshirakawa, it includes accounts of Sutoku's retreat, the following Heiji Disturbance and signs of the Genpei War of the Jisho-Jyuei era.
- また、鎌倉幕府成立以降、政治の実権を奪われた貴族社会の衰退の中で、滅びや自然への見方に哀調があると指摘される。
- Additionally, it is sometimes pointed out that there is a pathos in viewing downfall and nature along with the downfall of the aristocracy, whose power in politics had been taken away since establishment of the Kamakura shogunate.
- 間もなく蓮如は、長男順如の死後後継者に定めていた五男実如に山科本願寺法主の地位を譲って摂津国石山御坊に退いた。
- Soon, Rennyo abdicated from the hoshu of Yamashina Hongan-ji Temple in favor of his fifth son Jitsunyo, who had been chosen as the successor after the death of the first son Junnyo, and Rennyo secluded himself into Ishiyama Gobo (Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple) in Settsu Province.
- そして、犬養毅の助言で西園寺は政友会総裁を辞任し、政友会自体はあくまでも内閣退陣を要求するということになった。
- On the advice of Tsuyoshi INUKAI, Saionji resigned from the head of Seiyu-kai Party, so that the withdraw of the cabinet was requested by the Seiyu-kai Party alone.
- 道康親王を皇太子に擁立する動きがあることに不安を感じた恒貞親王と父親の淳和上皇は、しばしば皇太子辞退を奏請した。
- With anxiety over the movement to support the Imperial Prince Michiyasu in attaining the position of the crown prince, the Imperial Prince Tsunesada and his father, the Retired Emperor Junna repeatedly petitioned the Retired Emperor Saga for resignation from the position of the crown prince.
- 評議員(coucillor)は任期切れで退任し、コロヌスと呼ばれる耕作者層は居住する領地からの移動を禁じられた。
- When the term expired the councilors retired and the class of cultivators called colonus was forbidden to move out from their living territories.
- 蔚山、泗川、順天への攻勢を退けた日本軍であったが、既に秀吉は8月に死去しており戦争を継続する意義は失われていた。
- The Japanese army repulsed attacks to Ulsan, Sacheon, and Suncheon, but, since Hideyoshi had already died in October, the significance of continuing the war had been lost.
- 尊は病気を理由に再三辞退して空位が続いたが、允恭天皇元年12月(413年1月)、忍坂大中姫の強い要請を受け即位。
- He repeatedly refused to accept the emperorship on the ground of being ill, so that the throne remained vacant, but in January, 413, upon strong request from Oshisaka no onakatsu hime no mikoto, he finally acceded to the throne.
- この後は他と変わらず、百辟卿士が即位を請うのに、恐れて進むも退くもできなかったが、結局即位することにしたと続く。
- In the latter part, the phrases are identical with other edicts saying as follows; although Hyakuhekikei-shi (numerous close confidents) requested me, but I was afraid and dared not to proceed nor retreat, but finally I myself decided to take the throne.
- 1335年(建武2年)、足利尊氏が後醍醐天皇に反逆すると、上将軍として新田義貞と共に討伐軍を率いたが、敗退した。
- In 1335, when Takauji ASHIKAGA raised his army against Emperor Godaigo, Imperial Prince Takayoshi lead the punitive force with Yoshisada NITTA but they lost the battle.
- 後三条天皇が在位5年足らずで退位の後他界してからは、落飾した馨子内親王は西院で余生を送り「西院皇后」と称された。
- Following the death of Emperor Gosanjo, who had abdicated only five years after his enthronement, Imperial Princess Keishi spent her remaining years in the Sai-in as a priestess called 'Empress Sai-in.'
- 範頼軍は3万余騎(『源平盛衰記』)をもって陸地に布陣して平氏の退路を塞ぎ、岸から遠矢を射かけて義経軍を支援した。
- Noriyori took about 30,000 horsemen (according to 'the Chronicle of the Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and the Taira') from his army and drew up his battle lines on land to cut off the Taira's avenue of retreat, supporting Yoshitsune's army by shooting arrows long-distance from the cliffs.
- 戦国時代に入ると、伊予東部の河野氏や、土佐国の土佐一条氏、九州豊後国の大友氏の侵攻に遭って次第に衰退していった。
- However, in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), the family suffered consecutive invasions by the Kono clan of the eastern Iyo Province, the Tosa-Ichijo clan of Tosa Province, the Otomo clan of Bungo Province in Kyushu, and the family's influence gradually declined.
- 1897年の最初の議員互選で多くの落選者を出して以後は衰退し、1899年に多額納税議員系の朝日倶楽部に合流した。
- After many candidates were defeated in the first mutual election of members of Diet in 1897, it declined and in 1899, it was merged into the large taxpaying members of Diet group, Asahi Club.
- ここまでは乱暴なだけだったスサノオノミコトの様相は変化し、英雄的なものとなって有名なヤマタノオロチ退治を行なう。
- Although Susanoo no mikoto had been labeled as just a ravager by that time, he changed and became a hero, exterminating Yamata no Orochi (the eight forked great serpent), which was a well known story.
- 慶長6年2月7日、政宗は伊達郡へ侵攻したが、本庄繁長・満長、宮代砦の守将八内図書の厳しい防戦によって撃退された。
- On February 7, 1601, Masamune invaded Date District but was driven back by the tough defense of Shigenaga and Mitsunaga (満長) HONJO, and Zusho YAUCHI (八内図書), a defense general of the Miyashiro-toride Fortress.
- やがてそれらの勢力も内紛により衰退したり信長に降伏するなどして、織田政権の庇護の下で細々と命脈を保つことになる。
- Miyoshi clan's power over the Shikoku region also declined due to internal conflict and surrender to Nobunaga, and they managed to survive under the protection of the Oda government.
- また、承久の乱以後の朝廷の衰退は皇位継承を巡る自己解決能力をも失わせ、結果的に幕府を否応無しに巻き込む事になった。
- Also fall of the Imperial Court after the Jokyu Rebellion resulted in losing its ability to solve the imperial succession crisis and consequently it entangled the bakufu without any choice.
- 後水尾天皇はこの事件をきっかけに退位を決意したとも考えられており、朝幕関係に深刻な打撃を与える大きな対立であった。
- It is said that this incident was the trigger that led to Emperor Gomizunoo deciding to abdicate, and was a serious blow to the relationship between the Shogunate and the Imperial Court.
- この退却の途中、細川晴元と通じていた池田弾正は瓦林修理亮らに一斉に矢を射かけ、細川尹賢軍は散々な態で京へ逃散した。
- During the retreat, Danjo IKEDA, who had been allied with Harumoto HOSOKAWA, led a group of archers in an attack on Shurinosuke KAWARABAYASHI and the others, and the army of Tadakata HOSOKAWA then fled to Kyoto in disorder.
- 失敗した場合は日本軍を引き付けて、順次ハルビンまで後退して、補給線の延びきった日本軍を殲滅するという戦略に変わる。
- In the event of failure, they would switch their strategy and engage Japanese forces as they purposely fell back towards Harbin, in a bid to eliminate Japanese forces by overextending their supply-lines.
- さらに柴田側の不破勝光・金森長近の軍勢も退却したため、佐久間盛政の軍を撃破した秀吉の軍勢は柴田勝家本隊に殺到した。
- After the armies of Katsumitsu FUWA and Nagachika KANAMORI on the Shibata side began to retreat as well, Hideyoshi's forces, which had earlier destroyed the army of Morimasa SAKUMA, rushed at the main force of Katsuie SHIBATA.
- 跡を継いだ三沢為清は大内氏に従属したが、月山富田城の戦いで吉川氏らと共に尼子氏に寝返り、大内軍敗退の一因を作った。
- Tamekiyo MISAWA, a successor of Tameyuki MISAWA, was subordinate to the Ouchi clan, but, in the Battle of Gassan Todajo Castle, the Misawa and Yoshikawa clans jointly defected to the enemy, the Amago clan, and contributed to the defeat of Ouchi.
- 元慶6年(882年)4月、清和上皇の崩御を受けて退下した識子内親王(清和天皇皇女)と交替して伊勢斎宮に卜定される。
- In April, 882, she was decided as Ise Saigu by fortunetelling to replace Imperial Princess Satoko (the princess of Emperor Seiwa) who resigned from Ise Saigu upon the demise of Emperor Seiwa.
- 嘉応元年(1169年)10月20日高倉天皇の賀茂斎院に卜定されるが、嘉応3年(1171年)2月22日病のため退下。
- On November 17, 1169, she was selected by divination to be a Kamo Saiin of Emperor Takakura, but on April 6, 1171, she resigned because of illness.
- 4月19日 (旧暦)、(同5月11日)に旧幕府軍が宇都宮城を占領するも、奪い返され、今市市、日光市方面に退却した。
- The former Shogunate forces captured Utsunomiya Castle on May 11, but withdrew towards Imaichi City and Nikko City after the castle was recaptured by the new government's forces.
- 応仁の乱で細川勝元は東軍の総帥となり、その子細川政元は明応の政変で10代将軍足利義稙を退けて幕府の実権を掌握した。
- Katsumoto HOSOKAWA became the commander-in-chief for the eastern army in the Onin War, and his son Masamoto HOSOKAWA took over the real power of the bakufu, ousting the 10th Shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA in the Meio Coup.
- 武田氏は山名豊国・尼子勝久連合軍と戦うため、これを攻撃するが破れ、鳥取城を主家 山名氏に明け渡し、鵯尾城に退いた。
- The Takeda clan attacked the castle in order to fight against the allied forces of Toyokuni YAMANA and Katsuhisa AMAKO, but it was defeated and withdrew to Hiyodorio-jo Castle after handing over Tottori Castle to its master Yamana clan.
- 宗厳は当時、すでに66歳という老齢だったため、これを辞退し代わりに、五男の柳生宗矩を指南役として推挙したのである。
- Since Munetoshi was already 66 years old, he declined it and recommended his fifth son Munenori YAGYU as the instructor.
- 康之の働きぶりをみた豊臣秀吉は石見国半国18万石を与えると申し出たが、康之は細川家に仕えることを希望して辞退した。
- Impressed with Yasuyuki's work, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI tried to headhunt offering a half of Iwami Province and rice stipend 180,000 koku (32470.2 cubic meters), however, Yasuyuki declined it and kept serving the Hosokawa clan.
- ナイフ形石器は後期旧石器時代末葉に衰退していくが、代わって槍先形尖頭器は著しく発達し、量的にもめざましく増加する。
- While the knife-like stone tools went fading at the end of upper Paleolithic period, the lanceolate-shaped point remarkably developed with a big production increase.
- 昭和12年(1937年)、組閣大命を受けた宇垣一成の組閣が軍部の反対により失敗すると、西園寺は元老辞退を申し出た。
- In 1937, Saionji asked permission to resign from his position as a Genro when Kazushige UGAKI, who received an order to form a cabinet, failed because of resistance from the military.
- 明治6年(1873年)の明治六年政変で江藤新平、板垣退助らとともに下野、再び鹿児島に戻り、私学校で教育に専念する。
- In 1873, he once more returned to Kagoshima with Shimpei ETO and Taisuke ITAGAKI for the Meiji roku-nen no Seihen (Coups of 1873), and concentrated on the education at Shigakko (a school mainly for warriors).
- 29日、新徳寺に同志を集め攘夷の決行のため江戸帰還を宣言すると、芹沢と近藤はこれに反対し、京都残留を申し出て脱退。
- On the 29th, when KIYOKAWA summoned his comrades and announced a return to Edo in order to carry out Joi SERIZAWA and KONDO objected against this; they requested to remain in Kyoto and left the Roshigumi.
- 大方は、田村麻呂が観音など特定の神仏の加護で蝦夷征討や鬼退治を果たし、感謝してその寺社を建立したというものである。
- Most of the stories about these temples tell how Tamuramaro succeeded in fighting off barbarians and oni with the help of certain deities (such as the Deity of Mercy) and how he founded these temples to express his gratitude.
- 東勝寺は、北条泰時が退耕行勇(たいこうぎょうゆう)を開山として葛西ヶ谷(鎌倉市小町)に創建した北条氏の菩提寺である。
- Tosho-ji Temple was constructed by Yasutoki HOJO as the family temple of the Hojo clan, and he installed Gyoyu TAIKO as its first chief priest.
- 公家の乱脈ぶりが白日の下にさらされただけでなく、江戸幕府による宮廷制御の強化、後陽成天皇の退位のきっかけともなった。
- The incident not only disclosed the wild license of court nobles but even triggered tightened control of the Imperial Court by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a Shogun) and abdication of Emperor Goyozei.
- 戦況は対馬側の反撃により膠着し、損害の大きくなった朝鮮側は対馬側の和平提案を受け入れ7月3日に巨済島へ全面撤退した。
- The military situation had reached a stalemate thanks to the counterattack by Tsushima forces, and the escalated casualties among the Korean army prompted them to accept the peace proposal sent by the Tsushima forces and carry out a complete withdrawal back to Geoje Island on July 3.
- 日本側の損害は戦死40名、戦傷241名、行方不明7名に対して、清国は4500名の戦死、捕虜600名を出して敗退する。
- The casualties on the Japanese side were fourty deaths, 241 injuries, and seven missing persons, while 4,500 died and 600 were held as prisoner on the Qing side.
- 牛伯英は陳愚衷と兵を合わせ公州に駐屯していたが、日本軍が全州を発して大挙北進するのを聞くと蒼黄となり漢城に退却した。
- Gyu combined forces with Chin and stayed in Gongju; upon hearing that the Japanese army had left Jeonju and headed north, they became afraid and retreated to Hanseong.
- にも関わらず、文禄年間に秀吉が行なった豊臣秀次とその一族に対する粛清は、豊臣一族の衰退を決定的なものとしたのである。
- Despite this, Hideyoshi purged Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI and his family during the Bunroku period, which made the decline of the Toyotomi clan conclusive.
- 鉄道国有化法案も再三国会に提出されたが、井上が退官する1893年(明治26年)までにそれが可決されることはなかった。
- Although the bill to nationalize the railways was repeatedly submitted to the Diet, it did not go through the Diet until Inoue's retirement in 1893.
- 譲位の儀式及び退位後の上皇の御所造営には莫大な費用がかかり、朝廷がそれを負担出来なければ譲位は行えなかったのである。
- Since it required enormous expenses to carry out an abdication ceremony and build a court for the retired emperor, he could not abdicate the throne if the imperial court could not bear the cost.
- その息子・土御門泰重(1586-1661)は天文博士として衰退した家名の再興に尽力し公卿として従二位にまで昇進した。
- Hisanaga's son Yasushige TSUCHIMIKADO (1586-1661), as a tenmon hakase, was committed to reviving the family name and advanced to Junii (Junior Second Rank) as a Kugyo.
- 1572年、15代将軍足利義昭の要請に応じて上洛を開始したが、その途上、信玄が病死したため武田軍は甲斐国に撤退した。
- Although Shingen started going up to Kyoto in 1572 in accordance with the request by the fifteenth shogun Yoshiaki ASIKAGA, the Takeda army withdrew to Kai Province because Shingen died on the way to Kyoto.
- 1580年、顕如が最終的に抗戦を断念し、石山本願寺を退去して雑賀の鷺森に移ると鈴木氏もこれに従い、織田氏に服属する。
- In 1580, when Kennyo finally gave up the resistance and left Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple then moved to Saginomori in Saiga, the Suzuki clan followed Kennyo and submitted to the Oda clan.
- しかし、島津氏の内紛を収めた島津貴久の反撃を受け衰退し、茂清の子の蒲生範清の代に降伏し、以後は島津氏の家臣となった。
- However, Takahisa SHIMAZU who had succeeded in ending the internal conflict launched a counterattack, the Gamo clan gradually declined, and at last Shigekiyo's son Norikiyo GAMO surrendered; after that, the Gamo clan served the Shimazu clan as vassal.
- この時期、フランス第二帝政公使レオン・ロッシュがたびたび登城して慶喜に抗戦を提案しているが、慶喜はそれも退けている。
- At the same time, Léon ROCHES the Minister of the French Second Empire, in one of his frequent visits to Edo-jo Castle, suggested to Yoshinobu his support in defense of battle, but Yoshinobu refused his suggestion.
- しかし明治維新後、長崎居留地は次第に衰退し警察の維持が難しくなったため、1879年に長崎県警察部に警察権を返上した。
- But after the Meiji Restoration, the Nagasaki Settlement gradually fell into decline, and it consequently became difficult to continue to maintain a police force; as a result, in 1879 the settlement relinquished its police powers to the Nagasaki Prefectural Police Department.
- 前述したように、ヴェトナムにおける「天下」概念の成立は13世紀にモンゴル軍撃退後の国威発揚に伴って顕著に確認される。
- As mentioned earlier, the notion of Tenka' was established in Vietnam when it repelled the army of Mongolia in the 13th century.
- 旗本寄合席(はたもとよりあいせき)は、江戸幕府の3,000石以上の上級旗本無役者・布衣以上の退職者(役寄合)の家格。
- Hatamoto-yoriaiseki was kakaku (family status) of high-ranking hatamoto with income of 3,000 koku or greater without official appointment, or retirees (known as yakuyoriai) who possessed social standing higher than hoi (those with the rank who wore clothes that did not bear family crests) in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- ところが一存・義賢をはじめとする一族の死が相次いで四国支配の空洞化が進み、それが三好軍の軍事力衰退にまでつながった。
- However, the continued deaths of the Miyoshi clan such as Kazumasa and Yoshitaka accelerated their power over the Shikoku region losing substance, which eventually led to the decline of the military force of the Miyoshi's army.
- 親鸞の直系とはいえ蓮如が生まれた時の本願寺は、他宗や浄土真宗他派、特に真宗佛光寺派の興隆に対し、衰退の極みにあった。
- Even though he belongs to the direct line of disciples of Shinran, Hongan-ji Temple at the time of Rennyo's birth was in an extreme state of decline in contrast to other schools of Buddhism and other sects within Jodoshin-shu, such Shinshu Bukkoji Sect in particular, that were flourishing.
- 政治的には、祖父の時代から絶大な影響力を保持していた日野家や側近の力を抑えきれず、幕府権力の衰退を助長したといえる。
- Politically, he was unable to suppress the immense influential powers of the Hino family and his aides, who had been powerful since the time of his grandfather, and therefore, it can be said that he aided the decline of the Shogunate's power.
- 7月10日、政府軍が加久藤・飯野に全面攻撃を加えてきたので、支えようとしたが支えきれず、高原麓・野尻方面へ退却した。
- On July 10, the Government army attempted an all-out assault on Kakuto and Iino, then they tried to hold that position but they could not, so they withdrew in the direction of Kogen-roku and Nojiri.
- 村の住民(百姓など)が集団で荘園から退去して一時的に他の土地へ逃げ込み、領主に対して年貢軽減や代官の罷免などを求める。
- Village residents (such as peasants) would leave manors en masse and temporarily take refuge in other areas where they would make demand that the feudal lord take actions such as the reduction of land taxes and the dismissal of the local governor.
- 大江山の鬼退治が終わってしばらくした頃、源頼光以下四天王たちが集った酒宴の席で、近頃羅生門に鬼が出るという話になった。
- A while after the successful extermination of the oni on Mt. Oe, MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu and his followers, including the Four Great Warriors, are all gathered at a banquet when word reaches them that an oni has appeared at the nearby Rashomon.
- そして、白河天皇は1086年に上皇となったが、それは引退などではなく、上皇としての政治、いわゆる院政の開始を意味した。
- Although Emperor Shirakawa became the Retired Emperor in 1086, it was not a retirement, but rather the start of government by the retired emperor, the so-called cloistered government.
- その最中、東国より兵を率いて馳せ上った源義平は直ちに清盛の帰路を討ち取るよう主張したが、信頼はその必要はないと退けた。
- In the midst of these proceedings, MINAMOTO no Yoshihira, who had raised an army out in the eastern provinces and hastily made his way to the capital, strongly advocated that he prepare to kill or capture Kiyomori while he was still on his way back to the capital, but Nobuyori refused, declaring there was no need for such measures.
- ロシア軍の司令官アレクセイ・クロパトキン大将は全軍を撤退させ、日本軍は遼陽を占領したもののロシア軍の撃破には失敗した。
- The attack prompted General Aleksei Kuropatkin, the commander of the Russian Army to order a full-scale retreat enabling Japanese forces to occupy Liaoyang, but the Japanese failed to annhilate Russian forces.
- これに対し、鳥居元忠、三宅康貞ら2,000が都留市付近で果敢に応戦し、北条勢約300を討ち取って撃退した(黒駒合戦)。
- Two thousand soldiers led by Mototada TORII and Yasusada MIYAKE bravely received them near Tsuru City, and defeated them by killing about 300 of Hojo's soldiers (the Battle of Kurokoma).
- この時は1ヶ月以上にわたる鎌倉方の頑強な抵抗に遭い、侵攻が停滞していたところに台風による大被害を受けて元軍は敗退した。
- This assault met with the strong resistance of the Kamakura faction for more than a month, causing the invasion to stagnate when a typhoon inflicted heavy damage on the Yuan army, forcing them to retreat.
- 僅かな時間で帰還した秀吉の大軍に驚いた佐久間盛政は同深夜に撤退を開始するものの、翌日の未明に秀吉らの大軍に強襲された。
- Amazed by the return of Hideyoshi's large force in such a short period of time, Morimasa SAKUMA started to retreat that midnight, but came under blistering attack from Hideyoshi's large force before dawn of the next day.
- 朝廷は、まず信長を右大臣とし、更には太政大臣、関白、征夷大将軍のいかなる官位をも授けると打診したが、信長はそれを辞退。
- To start with, the Imperial Count approached Nobunaga with the rank of Minister of the Right, further, presenting him with any official court rank such as the Grand Minister, chief adviser to the Emperor, and Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') but Nogunaga declined.
- 更にこれに一大変革を与えたのは2度にわたる元寇がいずれも後世「神風」と称される嵐によって撃退されたという出来事である。
- Furthermore, there was an incident where the Mongolian Invasions were twice repulsed by what was called the 'Kamikaze' (divine wind) in later periods which greatly influenced the above.
- その後、一旦辞退したが1271年(文永8年)再び護持僧に任じられ、元寇の危機感が高まる中で異国降伏の祈祷を行っている。
- Afterward, he resigned from the post, but was again appointed as Gojiso in 1271, and conducted an invocation for Ikoku Kobuku (to protect and suppress a foreign country using the power of God or Buddha) in the middle of increasingly intense crisis of the Mongolian Expeditions against Japan.
- 平治元年(1159年)より嘉応元年(1169年)まで斎院として賀茂神社に奉仕し、退下後元暦2年(1185年)准后宣下。
- She served at Kamo Shrine as Saiin between 1159 and 1169, then after leaving this position she received the title of Jugo (one of the respectful titles for Imperial family members of court nobles during the Heian period) in 1185.
- また引退後著したと見られる有職故実書『北山抄』は摂関政治期における朝廷の儀式・年中行事の詳細が分かる貴重な史料である。
- Moreover, his 'Hokusansho' on court ceremonials, which seems to have been written after he retired, is a valuable historical source that shows the details of ceremonies and regular annual events at court during the Regency period.
- 「幻 (源氏物語)」帖を最後に物語から退場、源氏の死後は二条東院を遺産として譲り受け、再びそちらに移った(「匂宮」)。
- She exited from the story with the final appearance in the 'Maboroshi' (Genji Monogatari) chapter, and after Genj's death, inherited his Nijohigashi no in and moved into it again ('Nioumiya').
- 実検がすめば、首を中門の外の台または首桶の蓋の上に置き、首を敵方に向け、弓杖5つほど退いて立ち並んで、ときの声をあげる。
- When the viewing was over, the person who held the head raised voices after he placed the head, which was turned to face the enemy, on a tray outside the chumon gate or on a lid of a bucket for served head and he stepped back the distance of about five bows.
- 元の後退で1368年に成立した新王朝・明は、モンゴルから中華を奪回した王朝としての自負から強烈な中華思想を指向していた。
- The new Ming Dynasty established in 1368 following the retreat of Yuan had a strong Sinocentrism coming from a pretension as a dynasty that was able to recapture the Chinese style from Mongolia.
- 観応の擾乱に伴う幕府行政組織の崩壊に伴って衰退・廃止に至ったと考えられ、足利義満の時代には存在しなかったと見られている。
- It is considered that Naisogata declined and was eventually abolished in the wake of the collapse of bakufu's administrative organization caused by the Kanno Disturbance and it didn't exist in the era of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- この事件により対馬や北九州の諸大名の取り締まりが厳しくなり、倭寇の帰化などの懐柔策を行ったため、前期倭寇は衰退していく。
- Due to this incident, the various daimyo of Tsushima and northern Kyushu became even more repressive, and as a result of conciliatory measures intended to win the allegiance of the pirates (such as the offer to naturalize them as Japanese citizens), the power of the early Wako faded away.
- この成果を得て勝家は盛政に撤退の命令を下したが、再三の命令にもかかわらず盛政はこれを拒否、大岩山などに軍勢を置き続けた。
- Having accomplished these feats, Katsuie now ordered Morimasa to retreat, but Morimasa refused and maintained his forces at places including Mt. Oiwa, defying repeated orders by Katsuie.
- しかし翌年の寛和2年に野宮で滝口武者平致光との密通が露見して退下した(この事件は後に絵巻『小柴垣草紙』の題材となった)。
- In the following year, 986, adultery with Takiguchi no musha (samurai guard of the Imperial Residence), TAIRA no Munemitsu at the Nonomiya was found out; and she resigned (this incident was later used in the picture scroll, 'Koshibagaki soshi').
- 退下して平城京に帰った時期は明らかではないが、おそらく慶雲4年(707年)の6月15日に文武天皇が崩御した後と思われる。
- It is not known exactly when she retired from Saio and returned to Heijo-kyo, but it is believed to be after the demise of the Emperor Monmu on July 22, 707.
- 884年(元慶8年)陽成天皇が退位したあとの皇位継承問題が生じた際に、即位を要請されたがこれを拒絶したと伝えられている。
- It is said that he was requested to accede the throne when Emperor Yozei retired in 884 and the problem of succession arose, but he refused it.
- だが、九十九王子を成立せしめた中世熊野詣の先達たちの影響力は近世にはすでに失われて久しく、九十九王子も既に退転していた。
- However, the influence of the pilgrims who started visiting Kujuku Oji in the Muromachi period already disappeared during the early-modern period, and even the shrines of Kujuku Oji were declining.
- さらに一族であり家臣でもあった別所氏に独立されたり、尼子氏の侵攻を受けるなどして悪条件が重なってさらに衰退が促進された。
- Moreover, the Akamatsu clan had to live under the unfavorable conditions, such as the independence of the Bessho clan, which had been a member of the clan and a longtime retainer, and the invasion by the Amago clan, and its decline had been accelerated.
- が、途中の吉井川東の天王原で浦上勢と遭遇し合戦に及ぶも大敗し、退却する途中、浦上勢に追いつかれ磐梨郡弥上村山で自害する。
- But he encountered the Uragami's forces at Tennobara to the east of the Yoshii-gawa River on the way, where he suffered a major defeat at the battle, and he killed himself at Yagami Murayama in Iwanashi County when he was caught up by the Uragami's forces on his way of backdown.
- しかし、平安時代中期になって、唐の衰退やそれに伴う遣唐使の廃止により中国の文化的影響力は減少し、国風文化の時代となった。
- However, in the middle of the Heian period the decline of Tang and abolishment of Kentoshi (the embassy to the Tang dynasty) lessened the influence of Chinese culture, and Kokufu bunka was developed.
- 「照会」問題―この「照会」とは列強が西太后に引退を求めたとされる文書であり、これを見て激昂した彼女が宣戦を決めたという。
- The 'reference' problem: This 'reference' was the document from the allied western powers demanding the retirement of Empress Dowager, and she decided to declare war after being enraged by it.
- 『玉葉』の著者である公家の九条兼実は頼朝派の人間であったが、義経の平穏な京都退去に対し、(次のように)と褒め称えている。
- A court noble Kanezane KUJO, the author of 'Gyokuyo' was a sympathizer for Yoritomo, but commented with relief on the peaceful days in Kyoto after his departure and cerebrated his personality as follows:
- 鳥羽・伏見の戦いで敗れた幕府軍が大阪から江戸へ撤退した後、近藤は大久保大和、歳三は内藤隼人と一時名乗って甲斐国に向かう。
- After the Shogunate army lost Battle of Toba Fushimi and retreated from Osaka to Edo, KONDO temporarily named himself Yamato OKUBO and Toshizo named himself Hayato NAITO, and they set off to Kai province.
- 10月、土持がつくってくれた船に乗り、鹿児島へ出発しようとしていたとき、英艦を撃退したとの情報を得て、祝宴を催し喜んだ。
- In October, when he was getting on the ship that Tsuchimochi made him to leave to Kagoshima, he got information about repulsion of the British ships, so he was glad and had a banquet.
- 班田制の衰退とともに田地の課税方式自体が変質し、輸祖田と輸地子田が公田、田租と地子が租穀として一括把握されるようになった。
- According to the decline of handensei (Ritsuryo land allotment system), taxation system of rice fields itself changed and eventually, yusoden and yujishiden were integrated into koden (rice fields administered directly by a ruler) and denso and jishi were integrated into sokoku.
- だが、平安時代末期になると、大学寮の衰退、穀倉院自体の機能低下に伴って、試験のみならず、学問料自体も名目化することとなる。
- In the late Heian period, however, not only examination, but also Gakumonryo itself became the nominal ones due to the decline of Daigakuryo as well as the decrease in the function of Kokuso-in.
- 永正6年(1509年)、細川澄元・三好之長が京侵攻を企てるが、細川高国・大内義興は協同して撃退(如意ケ嶽の戦い)している。
- In 1509, Sumimoto HOSOKAWA and Yukinaga MIYOSHI attempted to invade the capital, but Takakuni HOSOKAWA and Yoshioki OUCHI fought them off in a cooperative effort (The Battle of Nyoigatake).
- 尊氏軍の東上に遭い、撤退を始めた新田軍に赤松勢が追撃を仕掛け、新田軍は大量の寝返りや足利軍への投降者を出しながら敗走した。
- Nitta's army which was met by Takauji's army on the return eastward began a retreat but Akamatsu's forces commenced pursuit and Nitta's army fled among mass betrayal and surrender to the Ashikaga army.
- 9月末から10月初めにかけて明・朝鮮軍は総力を挙げた攻勢をかけ、日本軍の順天城、泗川城、蔚山城を攻撃したがすべて撃退した。
- Despite the Ming-Korean forces waging all-out war and attacking Junten-jo, Shisen-jo and Urusan-jo Castles, which had been established by the Japanese forces, from the beginning of October to the end of October in 1598, the Japanese forces fought them off.
- 例えば、竹下登が政権退陣した後の宇野宗佑政権・海部俊樹政権が「竹下院政」と称されたことがある(事実がそうであるかは不明)。
- For example, the Sosuke UNO government and Toshiki KAIFU government, which were established after the resignation of Noboru TAKESHITA, were once referred to as 'Takeshita insei' (although it is not clear whether this is a fact).
- 前述の通り、開戦時の兵力では旧幕府軍が上回っており、新政府軍では天皇を連れて京都から撤退することも検討していたと言われる。
- As described above, the former Shogunate forces were superior in military strength at the beginning of the war, and in fact, the new government's forces had reportedly reviewed the option of withdrawing from Kyoto with the Emperor.
- だが道長は三条天皇とは深刻な対立を生じ天皇の眼病を理由に退位に追い込み、彰子の生んだ後一条天皇の即位を実現して摂政となる。
- However, Michinaga had a serious conflict with Emperor Sanjo, and he used the Emperor's eye illness as a reason and forced him to step down, and he became Regent by enthroning Emperor Go-Ichijo, whom Shoshi/Akiko bore.
- 24日、村田は都城で政府軍六箇旅団と激戦をしたが、兵力の差は如何ともしがたく、これも大敗して、宮崎へ退いた(都城の戦い)。
- On the 24th, Murata had a fierce battle with Rokka-ryodan brigade of the Government army, but the difference in soldiers therebetween was difficult to overcome, then they also suffered a crushing defeat in the battle and withdrew to Miyazaki (the Battle of Miyakonojo).
- 義倉が衰退した南宋期の中国において朱熹によって義倉に代わるものとして提唱されたと言われており、日本に朱子学とともに伝来した。
- In the Southern Sung Dynasty China when giso warehouse disappeared, it was thought that Chu His recommended constructing Shaso warehouse as a substitute for Giso, and the Shaso system was brought into Japan along with the doctrines of Zhu Xi (Neo-Confucianism).
- 当時北野社は延暦寺の傘下にあり、自己支配下の酒屋の衰退が運上金の減少を招くと考えた延暦寺は北野社に独占を止めるように求めた。
- Kitano-sha Shrine was under the control of Enryaku-ji Temple at the time, and, worried that the decline of the sakaya under its control would result in decreased tax income, Enryaku-ji Temple asked Kitano-sha Shrine to stop the monopoly.
- なお、824年の平城上皇の崩御の際に、既に退位していた嵯峨上皇の要望によって淳和天皇の名によって関係者の赦免が行われている。
- In addition, at the time of Retired Emperor Heizei's death in 824, Emperor Junna pardoned those involved in the incident at the request of the Retired Emperor Saga, who had already abdicated the crown.
- さらに、戦後大きく後退していた日本の歴史の独自性を強調する立場が、平成初年頃から自由主義史観と称してその主張を展開している。
- In addition, the power of strongly insisting on the uniqueness of Japanese history, which has become considerably weaker after the war, has insisted its views as liberalism-based views of history.
- 直春は防ぎ難いとみて小松原の居館も亀山城(いずれも現御坊市)も自焼して逃れ、伯父の湯河教春の守る泊城(現田辺市)へ後退した。
- Naoharu thought that it was difficult to defend, and escaped to Tomari-jo Castle (present Tanabe City) of his uncle Noriharu YUKAWA (湯河教春) after burning his residence at Komatsubara and the Kameyama-jo Castle (all of which were in present Gobo City).
- 主謀者の後鳥羽上皇、そして後鳥羽の系譜の上皇・皇子が流罪に処せられ、仲恭天皇は退位、朝廷側の貴族・武士も多くが死罪とされた。
- The leader, Retired Emperor Gotoba, as well as the retired emperors and imperial princes related to him were sent into exile, while Emperor Chukyo was deposed and many of the nobles and samurai of the imperial faction were executed.
- 豊臣秀次への関白位譲渡も引退を目的としたものではなく、関白位の豊臣氏世襲を宣言するものであり実権は依然として秀吉が保持した。
- The transfer of 'Kanpaku' to Hidetsugu Toyotomi did not mean Hideyoshi's retirement but the declaration of the Toyotomi-clan's heritage of that position, and Hideyoshi maintained the real power.
- 迎え撃つ日本軍は沿岸部に築いた城の堅固な守りに助けられ、蔚山城の戦い第二次蔚山城の戦いでは明・朝鮮連合軍を撃退し防衛に成功。
- The intercepting Japanese army was helped by the strong defense with castles constructed in the coastal area and, in the second Battle of Ulsan, succeeded by beating back the Ming and Korean forces.
- 信長の次男・織田信雄は、本能寺の変の後光秀を討とうと近江の土山へ進軍するが、山崎の戦いで光秀が秀吉に大敗したことにより撤退。
- After Honnoji Incident, Nobukatsu ODA, who was the second son of Nobunaga, marched to Tsuchiyama, Omi Province, to attack Mitsuhide, but he retreated because Mitsuhide was badly defeated by Hideyoshi in the Battle of Yamazaki.
- 上皇方では為朝が高松殿を夜討して天皇を奪うことを献策したが、頼長が皇位をかけた戦いは白昼堂々と行うものだとしてこれを退けた。
- On the retired emperor's side, Tametomo planned to seize the Emperor in a night raid on the Takamatsu-dono Palace, but Yorinaga rejected the plan on the grounds that a battle over the Imperial Throne should be fought proudly in broad daylight.
- 鎌倉時代末にあたる寛元4年(1246年)、後嵯峨天皇の退位後に天皇家は皇位継承を巡って大覚寺統と持明院統に分裂してしまった。
- In 1246, towards the end of the Kamakura period, the Imperial family fell into a struggle over the Imperial succession upon the abdication of Emperor Gosaga, splitting into two groups, the Kameyama (Daitokuji) lineage and the Gofukakusa (Jimyoin) lineage.
- その後、外戚の地位を閑院流に奪われて勢力は後退するが、鎌倉時代の源通親は九条家に対抗し後白河天皇・後鳥羽天皇の院政下で活躍。
- Their power later deteriorated because their status as maternal relatives of the emperor was taken over by the Kanin line of the Fujiwara clan; MINAMOTO no Michichika vied against the Kujo family during the Kamakura period, and served successfully under the cloister governments of the Emperor Goshirakwa and the Emperor Gotoba.
- このような琴の流行は南北朝時代 (中国)に最高潮になりやがて衰退するが、近世になっても文人の嗜むべき随一の楽器とされ続けた。
- Kin was prevailed most widely in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and soon declined, but it had been seen as the sole music instrument for Bunjin even in the recent times.
- 当時の私船(民間貿易)は、倭寇に代表される手荒い貿易方法で、元 (王朝)の衰退を惹起させる程のもので看過できないものであった。
- The private ships in those days (partaking in private foreign trade) as typified by the wako (Japanese pirates) carried out trade in such a rough way that it caused a weakening of the Yuan dynasty which could not be overlooked.
- しかし、氏清の甥の山名氏家(因幡守護)が一族と合流すべく京を退去するに及んで洛中は大騒ぎになり、重臣たちも山名氏の謀反を悟る。
- However, Rakuchu (inside the capital city of Kyoto) was in chaos as Ujikiyo's nephew, Ujiie YAMANA (shugo of Inaba Province) left Kyoto in order to join his clan, and the senior vassals became aware of the Yamana clan's rebellion.
- しかし、1580年織田信長との抗争に敗れて顕如が大坂を退去した後は本願寺の分裂騒動もあって一向一揆という名称は見られなくなる。
- But in 1580, when their resistance to Nobunaga ODA was quelled, the Ikko (Jodo Shinshu) sect patriarch, Kennyo, was forced to flee the Ikko stronghold of Osaka, and thereafter a rift appeared in the power structure of Hongan-ji Temple itself, and from that point on one heard of Ikko ikki no more.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の備中国は守護の細川氏が衰退した後、国人領主が割拠する状態にあったが、中でも台頭していたのは三村氏であった。
- Bitchu Province in the Sengoku period (period of Warring States) was split among numerous kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lords) after the Hosokawa clan, shugo (provincial constable) had gone into decline, but the Mimura clan stood out among them.
- 事変後政治的に後退していた日本は竹添進一郎公使を10月30日漢城に帰任させ、済物浦条約の未払い分40万円の返上を申し出させた。
- Japan in political regression after the incident made Shinichiro TAKEZOE return to his post as minister to Korea in Hanseong on October 30 and he proposed to give up an unpaid 400,000 yen required in the Jemulpo Treaty.
- 高千穂には「鬼八(きはち)」という悪神がいて、人々を苦しめていたので、三毛入野命はこれを退治し高千穂の地を治めたと伝えている。
- In Takachiho, an evil deity called 'Kihachi' was troubling the people, and Mikeiri no mikoto defeated the deity and put Takachiho under control.
- このように六角氏は六角義賢・義治父子の時代に大きく衰退し、1568年、織田信長率いる上洛軍と戦って敗れ、領国を失うことになる。
- As mentioned above, the Rokkaku clan was greatly weakened during the period of Yoshikata ROKKAKU and his son, Yoshiharu, and in 1568 the clan was defeated by the Joraku army led by Nobunaga ODA, losing its territory.
- しかし第2代藩主・九鬼隆常の代から大洪水や暴風雨による天災が起こって3,729人もの死者を出すなど、早くも藩政の衰退が始まる。
- However, in the period of Takatsune KUKI, the second lord, the domain administration had already started to decline after various natural disasters, such as heavy flooding and rain storms which killed 3,729 people.
- これに驚いた故法皇や親王の側近達は鎌倉幕府に後醍醐天皇の退位工作を要請する一方、持明院統にも次期皇太子を約束して協力を求めた。
- The Cloistered Emperor who passed away, and other close aides of the Imperial Prince were shocked to know of the incident, and asked the bakufu to work on something for Emperor Godaigo to abdicate from the throne, on the other hand, they asked the Jimyoin Imperial line to support this move by promising their next position for Crown Prince.
- 1575年長篠の戦いに敗北、信玄時代からの重臣を失うと一挙に衰退し、1582年織田信長に攻め込まれて滅亡した(天目山の戦い)。
- The clan declined in one stroke when it was defeated in the Battle of Nagashino and lost senior vassals who had served from the era of Shingen, and it was eventually ruined in 1575 by the attack of Nobunaga ODA (the Battle of Tenmokuzan).
- 一つは、古事記に記された、崇神天皇の弟 日子坐王(ひこいますのみこ)が土蜘蛛 陸耳御笠(くぐみみのみかさ)を退治したという話。
- One legend in the Kojiki (Japan's ancient chronicle) holds that Emperor Sujin's brother Hikoimasuno-miko exterminated KUGUMIMI no Mikasa, a tsuchigumo (those in ancient times who were not subjects of the Yamato court).
- しかし、高宗 (朝鮮王)はこの第二次日韓協約の裏をかく形で再びハーグ密使事件を引き起こし、結果として退位させられることとなる。
- However, Gao Zong (Korean King) caused the Hague Secret Emissary Affair by outsmarting the Eulsa Treaty, which resulted in him being replaced.
- 孔子が「古の賢人」と讚えた伯夷は志を貫き、自ら官を退き隠逸し、薇(わらび・ぜんまい)を食べながらついには餓死した士人であった。
- Hakui, whom Confucius praised as 'an old wise man,' was Shijin who became a recluse, retired from an official position of his own ill, sticking to his principles, and finally starved to death as a result of eating only warabi (a wild vegetable, bracken).
- 一時期においては南家や式家が栄えた時期もあったが、政争や一族の反乱で平安時代前期には衰退し、代わって最も栄えたのは北家である。
- There were times when either the Southern or the Ceremonial Houses prospered, but they both fell into decline during the early Heian period as a result of political conflicts and internal rebellions, after which the Northern House came to enjoy the greatest prosperity.
- その一方で、本来正常に行われていた事柄がが衰退して廃れることを「顚倒」と称したが、鎌倉時代後期になるとそれが深刻になっていった。
- In contrast, as the term 'Tendo' meant declining and dying out of a normally operated thing, the tendo became more intensified during the late Kamakura period.
- しかし、都の衰退と共に、仏教寺院や学識僧が徐々にその担い手として台頭し、その中でも鎌倉五山を中心とした五山文学はその代表である。
- However, with the decline of the capital, Buddhist temples and learned priests came to be responsible for those studies; the most representative of them was Gozan Bungaku (Literature of the Five Official Temples), the center of which was Kamakura Gozan Temple.
- 第二次世界大戦後は、日本の歴史の独自性を主張する立場は大きく後退し、歴史に普遍性を見出そうとする社会科学的な立場が主流となった。
- After World War II, the power of insisting on the uniqueness of Japanese history has become weak, and the power of taking the social science-based views of trying to find universality in history has become major.
- 武田勝頼期には長篠の戦いにおける敗退で領国の動揺を招き、織田・徳川連合軍の侵攻により武田氏は滅亡し、信濃諸族は織田氏に臣従した。
- In Katsuyori TAKEDA's time, commotion in the territory occurred because of the defeat in the Battle of Nagashino and the Takeda clan was ruined by the attack by the allied forces of the Oda and Tokugawa clans and gozoku in Shinano rendered homage and service to the Oda clan.
- 同年7月、慶喜は禁門の変において会津藩、桑名藩、大垣藩、薩摩藩等の在京諸藩勢力の総指揮を執り、禁裏から長州藩勢力を撃退している。
- In July of the same year, Yoshinobu commanded the whole force of domains of Aizu, Kuwana, Ogaki, and Satsuma and fought off the force of Choshu domain from the Kinmon Incident.
- 顕広王の子である仲資王(源仲資)が顕広王の後を継いで神祇伯となり、仲資王の退任後はその子の業資王(源業資)が神祇伯に任ぜられた。
- Nakasuke-o (MINAMOTO no Nakasuke) succeeded his father Akihiro-o as Jingi haku, and after the retirement of Nakasuke-o, his son Narisuke-o (MINAMOTO no Narisuke) was appointed to Jingi haku.
- しかし時代が進み第二次世界大戦が終わり日本が高度経済成長を向かえると、上記の養蚕業や藍染めなどの文化はほぼ完全に衰退していった。
- However, as time went by, World War II ended, and Japan entered an age of economic growth, the aforementioned sericulture and other cultures such as indigo dyeing vanished almost completely.
- 4月22日、既に執権職を退きながらも実権を握っていた北条貞時の屋敷で火災があり、貞時は従兄弟で執権であった北条師時の屋敷に移る。
- On April 22, a fire occurred in the residence of Sadatoki HOJO who held real power, though having already resigned from the shikken post (regent to the shogun), so he moved to the residence of Morotoki HOJO, who was his male cousin and the regent at the time.
- だが、研究会の台頭に対して衰退を続けたために、1901年には三曜会の後継会派である朝日倶楽部と合併して新会派・土曜会を結成した。
- However, the Koushi-kai fell into a decline due to the rise of the Kenkyu-kai, so in 1901 it tied up with the Asahi Club which was a subsequent faction of the Sanyo-kai and then formed a new faction, the Doyo-kai.
- 6日、徳川慶喜は松平容保・松平定敬以下、老中・大目付・外国奉行ら少数を伴い、大坂城を脱出して、軍艦開陽に搭乗して江戸へ退去した。
- On the 6th, Yosninobu TOKUGAWA escaped from Osaka castle with councilor Katamori MATSUDAIRA, and Gaikoku-bugyo Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA, and a few others, and got on the Kaiyo warship and left for Edo.
- ただし、茨木童子のみは渡辺綱と戦っていたところ、酒呑童子の討たれるのを見てこれはかなわないと退却し、唯一逃げるのに成功したという。
- Only Ibaraki Doji, while fighting a duel with WATANABE no Tsuna and seeing Shuten Doji struck down, decided the cause was lost and retreated, making him the sole oni who managed to escape.
- 国際連盟を脱退し、日本はドイツ、イタリアのファシスト政権と日独伊三国同盟結び、第二次世界大戦(太平洋戦争・大東亜戦争)に突入した。
- Withdrawing from the League of Nations, Japan allied itself with the fascist government of Germany and that of Italy (the alliance of Japan, Germany, and Italy) and entered World War II (the Pacific War/the Greater East Asian War).
- 内親王が斎宮に卜定された際にも野宮まで行幸し(天皇の野宮行幸はこの白河天皇の例のみである)、斎宮退下の後には堀河天皇の后に立てた。
- The Emperor accompanied the Imperial Princess to go to Nonomiya (the temporary palace for purification) when the Princess was appointed to become Saigu by fortune telling, (there was no other record in the history about an Emperor going to Nonimiya, apart from Emperor Shirakawa) after the Princess resigned from the position of Saigu, she was appointed as Emperor Horikawa's Empress.
- 一方、兄でありながら治天の地位を逃した後深草は不満を募らせ、後宇多が即位すると抗議のため太上天皇の待遇を辞退して出家しようとした。
- On the other hand, Gofukakusa, who lost the position of Chiten, even though he was the older brother, became frustrated and when Gouda became Emperor, he declined the position of Daijo Tenno (the retired emperor) and tried to become a priest as a sign of protest.
- それとともに中国領内にある嶺南地方をヴェトナムと一体として考える思想が衰退し、18世紀末には正史において南越国は正統から外された。
- In association with it, the idea of regarding China's Lingnan region as a part of Vietnam declined, and Nanetsukoku finally lost its legitimacy in the official history book at the end of 18th century.
- 退去した義経らに代わって頼朝の代官として入京し、朝廷に介入を行ったのは、かつての弟たちではなく、頼朝の岳父である北条時政であった。
- After Yoshitsune left Kyoto, the person who entered in Kyoto as the local commander and he intervened in the affaires of the Imperial court instead of Yoshitsune was not any of his brothers, but Yoritomo's father in law, Tokimasa HOJO.
- 花山天皇の退位後は、一条天皇や藤原道長の信頼を集めるようになったことが、道長の日記『御堂関白記』などの当時の貴族の日記から分かる。
- After Emperor Kazan stepped down he began to gain trust from Emperor Ichijo and FUJIWARA no Michinaga, and this fact can be seen from the diaries of aristocrats from that time, such as Michinaga's diary, 'Mido Kampaku ki.'
- 当初室町亭の将軍らを確保した勝元率いる東軍に対して劣勢であったが、8月には周防から上洛した大内政弘と合流し、一進一退の状況になる。
- At first he was in an inferior position to the Eastern Forces led by Katsumoto, who had taken control of the Shogun at Muromachi manor, but in August he joined forces with Masahiro OUCHI, who had come to Kyoto from Suo, and the situation became more balanced.
- ついで台を下に置き、首の耳に左手拇指を入れ、残る指で頤をおさえ、右手は頬から頤へあてて持ち上げ、首の横顔を見せて左へ回って立ち退く。
- Once the tray had been placed below the head, the thumb of the left hand was placed in the ear of the severed head while the remaining fingers held and supported the jaw, and the right hand held the cheek and the jaw to lift the head up; the head was then shown in profile by turning to the left while drawing back.
- 衰退して廃れた事柄を本来の形に再興することを「興行」と称したが、諸事情から寺社の衰微が進んだ平安時代後期以後各種の興行法が出された。
- As the term 'kogyo' meant to restore something declined and became extinct to its original state, various kogyoho were promulgated after the late Heian period when temples had been further declined for various reasons.
- 何人撃ち殺されても決して退かず、数を頼りに突撃を繰り返す大軍の前に、いかな精鋭の鉄砲衆といえども寡勢の紀州勢には抗する術はなかった。
- They never withdrew despite many soldiers who were shot, and repeated attacking with numbers, so that even the elite unit of gun fighters of the Kishu army could not oppose them with a smaller force.
- 比叡山に対する浅井・朝倉軍の退去要求、高野山に対する荒木残党引き渡し要求など、信長は敵方の人間を受け入れないよう寺社に対し要求した。
- Nobunaga requested temples and shrines not to accept his enemies, for example, he requested Mt. Hiei to make the Azai and Asakura forces withdraw and Mt. Koya to deliver the remnants of the Araki clan.
- とはいえ降参というのはあくまで名目上のことに過ぎず、雑賀衆の形式的な降伏と引き換えに織田勢が撤退したというのが事実に近いと思われる。
- However, it seems that they surrendered only nominally and that in fact, the Oda army withdrew in exchange for the nominal surrender of Saiga shu.
- しかし、日本軍により全羅道西岸が制圧されると朝鮮水軍は制海権を失い、李舜臣も全羅道北端まで後退し、日本水軍は全羅道西岸まで進出した。
- However, the Korean navy lost naval supremacy after the west coast of Jeolla Province was conquered and Yi Sun-sin also retreated to the northern border of Jeolla Province and the Japanese navy advanced to the west coast of Jeolla Province.
- 泗川の戦いに先立つ8月18日、既に豊臣秀吉は死去していたが、その死は秘匿されており、その後、10月15日付で日本軍に撤退命令が下る。
- Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI passed away on August 18 before the Battle of Shisen, and his death was kept secret and the Japanese army was ordered to retreat on October 15.
- 平安時代中期以後は、藤原北家に押され政治的に衰退する中、武智麻呂の四男藤原巨勢麻呂の子孫が中央貴族として続き、多くの学者を輩出した。
- After the mid-Heian era, amid the political decline of the Southern House due to the expanding power of the Northern House, the descendant of FUJIWARA no Kosemaro, who was the fourth son of Muchimaro, survived as the central nobility and many of the descendants became scholars.
- 戦国時代 (日本)に入ると、若狭の武田氏と抗争を続く一方で、国内においても反乱・下克上が続発し、さらに一色氏の勢力は衰退してしまう。
- During the Sengoku period, while the conflict with the Wakasa-Takeda clan continued, rebellions and gekokujo (upheavals wherein the inferior defeats the superior) frequently occurred in the area, whereby the power of the Isshiki clan became further weakened.
- しかし、1560年、桶狭間の戦いで今川義元が討死すると、今川氏は衰退し、武田信玄の駿河攻略によって、駿府は焼討ちに遭い一時荒廃した。
- After Yoshimoto IMAGAWA died in war in the battle of Okehazama in 1560, Imagawa clan went into a decline, and then Sunpu was burnt and devastated for a certain time period by invasion by Shingen TAKEDA into Suruga.
- 足利尊氏は後醍醐天皇に時行討伐のための征夷大将軍、総追捕使の任命を求めるが、後醍醐天皇は要求を退け、成良親王を征夷大将軍に任命した。
- Takauji requested from Emperor Godaigo that he be appointed Seii taishogun and sotsui hoshi (Inspector General) in order to suppress Tokiyuki's rebellion, but Emperor Godaigo side-stepped these requests and appointed Imperial Prince Narinaga Seii taishogun.
- また板垣退助も華族制度は四民平等に反するという主張を持っており、明治20年(1887年)に伯爵に叙された際も2度にわたって辞退した。
- Taisuke ITAGAKI had the opinion that the kazoku system was against the concept of 'equality of all people,' and refused two times the offer of conferring the peerage of Hakusahaku in 1887.
- 1247年に大江広元の四男の大江季光(毛利季光)が、鎌倉幕府に対し謀反を起こした三浦泰村に味方したため、武家大江氏の嫡流は衰退する。
- Because OE no Suemitsu (Suemitsu MORI), the fourth son of OE no Hiromoto, supported Yasumura MIURA who raised a rebellion against the Kamakura bakufu, the direct line of the Oe clan as samurai family declined.
- 関東大震災後の改組問題で雪嶺が退社したのちの政教社は、五百木良三・三井甲之ら日本主義者によって牛耳られるようになり、4月に解散した。
- After Setsurei resigned from Seikyo-sha in a reorganization after the Great Kanto Earthquake, Seikyo-sha began to be dominated by nationalists such as Ryozo IOGI and Koshi MITSUI, and was finally dissolved in April.
- 武田氏の滅亡後、北信濃を任された森長可が本能寺の変により撤退、代わって上杉景勝が進出するのに伴って高梨氏は旧領に復帰することができた。
- After the downfall of the Takeda clan, Nagayoshi MORI, who had been placed in charge of northern Shinano, retreated due to the incident at Honno-ji, and the Takanashi clan retrieved the old manor once Kagekatsu UESUGI gained ground.
- 欧米使節から帰国した岩倉や大久保が征韓論を退け、さらに大久保の下に内務省 (日本)が設立されたことで諸改革の整理が行われることになる。
- IWAKURA and OKUBO dismissed the idea of 'Seikanron' when they returned from western Europe, and then these reforms were organized and the government established the Ministry of Home Affairs led by Okubo.
- 下袴は室町末期に至っても親王元服などの記録に見られるが、江戸初期には一旦衰退し、江戸中期以降、単などを重ねる正式な着装に限り使用した。
- There was a record from the late Muromachi period stating that Shita bakama was worn at the coming-of-ceremony for Imperial Princes, but it became uncommon to wear them in the middle of the Edo period, they were only worn in formal style together with Hitoe.
- しかしこの頃から、徳川吉宗による殖産興業の一環として進められた政策により高麗人参の国内栽培が可能となり、人参代往古銀の鋳造は衰退した。
- However, from around that time domestic cultivation of Korean ginseng became enabled as a part of policy in which new industry is encouraged by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, and consequently, minting of Ninjindai Okogin declined.
- また、3世紀は海退期であり、海が退いていき沼や湖が干上がり、その底に溜まっていた粘土の上に河が運んできた砂が溜まっていく時期であった。
- Also the third century was a period of regression when the seawater receded and sand carried by rivers was deposited over the clay layer at the bottom of dried up ponds and lakes.
- しかし、時政の子の義時と北条政子はこの動きに反発し、有力御家人と連帯して、時政を引退させるとともに、平賀朝雅を抹殺した(畠山重忠の乱)。
- However, Tokimasa's son Yoshitoki and Masako HOJO opposed to this move, collaborated with the senior vassals, forced Tokimasa to retire and eliminated Tomomasa HIRAGA (Shigetada HATAKEYAMA Rebellion).
- 752年(天平勝宝4)には、出家し、退位した聖武太上天皇・光明皇后・聖武の娘である孝謙天皇らが、東大寺に行幸し、大仏の開眼供養を行った。
- In 752, Retired Emperor Shomu Daijo, the Empress Komyo and his daughter Empress Koken visited Todai-ji Temple and held a ceremony to consecrate the daibutsu.
- また、慶長の役は1597年(慶長2年)講和交渉決裂によって始まり、1598年(慶長3年)の秀吉の死を受けた日本軍の撤退をもって終結した。
- The Keicho War began in 1597 because of the collapse of peace negotiations and ended in 1598 with the retreat of Japanese force because of Hideyoshi's death.
- 丹後の人々は「皇后の御名をそのままお呼びするのは畏れ多い」として、皇后が(その地を)退座したことに因み「たいざ」と読むことにしたという。
- People in Tango were afraid of using the name of the empress directly, so they used 'Taiza' (literally means 'leave' in Japanese) as their place-name, connecting with that Anahobe no hashihitohime left Taiza.
- その後、朝倉氏の他に摂津国の三好氏や、かつての仇敵・六角氏など信長に圧迫されていた勢力も対抗姿勢を強めたため、織田氏との抗争は一進一退。
- Later, not only the Asakura clan, but also the other feudal lords who were suppressed by Nobunaga until then, such as the Miyoshi clan in Settsu Province and the Rokkaku clan, once Nagamasa's sworn enemy, strengthened confrontational postures against Nobunaga, then the conflict against the Oda clan went back and forth.
- しかしながら、2007年5月12日の上告審判決で、最高裁判所 (日本)(田原睦夫裁判長)は、国への損害賠償請求を完全に退ける決定をした。
- On May 12, 2007, however, in a decision at the appeal hearings, the Supreme Court (Japan) (Presiding Judge Mutsuo TAHARA) dismissed the damage suit against the Japanese government.
- 太平洋戦争で日本が敗れて撤退すると、代わって進駐したソ連が満洲侵略に乗じて日本の残したインフラを持ち去り、旅順・大連の租借権を主張した。
- When Japan was defeated in the Pacific War and withdrew from Manchuria, the Soviet Union replaced the Japanese presence and stripped the region of the industrial infrastructure constructed by the Japanese, and claimed the concessions of Lushun and Dalian.
- 1936年(昭和11年)の二・二六事件直後には岡田啓介首相の後継として初めての大命降下があったが、この時は健康問題を理由に辞退している。
- Immediately after the February 26th Incident in 1936, he received an imperial command to succeed Prime Minister Keisuke OKADA, but he declined at the time, using his health as an excuse.
- 平安時代後期になると藤原氏と姻戚関係を持たない上皇による院政がはじまり、さらに源平両氏の武家政権と移行するにつれ藤原氏の権勢は後退する。
- However, political rule by retired emperors who did not have marriage relationships with the Fujiwara clan started during the late Heian period, and as the focus of political activities shifted toward the military rule by the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan the Fujiwara clan gradually fell from power.
- しかし6月26日頃には、仁位郡(実録では尼老郡)で対馬側の伏兵に遭い多大な損害を受け、李従茂の軍は尾崎浦まで退却、戦局は膠着状態に陥った。
- But around June 26, Korean forces fell into an ambush by warriors from Tsushima in the Nii district (or the Amaro district according to the True Record), in which they suffered significant casualties, prompting Jong Mu YI to withdraw his army back to Osaki inlet and leaving the outcome of the war an uneasy stalemate.
- 旧幕府軍の総大将の徳川慶喜の撤退と、新政府軍の砲兵力、新政府軍の優勢により多くの藩が旧幕府軍を見限ったことで、旧幕府軍の全面敗北となった。
- The former Shogunate forces were completely defeated due to the retreat of the Commander in Chief of the former Tokugawa Shogunate, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, the strong artillery of the new government's forces, and the abandonment of the former Shogunate forces by an increasing number of domains due to the superiority of the new government's forces.
- 斎院退下の後ひっそりと暮らしていた篤子内親王は、30近くになってからの縁談、しかも相手が19歳も年下の甥であることを恥ずかしがったという。
- It is said that Imperial Princess Tokushi, who lived in obscurity after retirement from Saiin, was bashful about the offer of marriage at the age nearly 30, and especially about the match being her nephew 19 years younger than herself.
- 天王山にいた黒田・秀長・神子田の隊は、中川・高山両隊を側面から襲うべく接近してきた松田政近・並河易家両隊と交戦し、一進一退の攻防が続いた。
- Kuroda's, Hidenaga's and Mikoda's corps, positioned on Mt. Tennozan, fought against the corps of Masachika MATSUDA and of Yasuie NAMIKAWA having approached Nakagawa's and Takayama's on the flank, and a seesaw match ensued.
- 吉元から内願した形式をとった後、5月28日 (旧暦)に元次のお預けを免じ、先年の吉元の願い通りに、元次の隠退と百次郎の家督相続を許可した。
- On July 15, taking the form of request from Yoshimoto, Mototsugu was freed from the taken-care-of state, resigned from the lord post, as Yoshimoto requested in the previous year, and it was permitted for Momojiro to inherit the family head position.
- After the restoration took the shape that Yoshimoto asked for on May 28 (old calendar), Mototsugu was released from custody, and just as Yoshimoto asked for before, Mototsugu's withdraw and Hyakujiro's succession to the family headship was permitted.
- 大航海時代になると金融の中心は経済の変動に追いつけずに衰退しつつあった北イタリアから、次第にイングランドの首都ロンドンへと移るようになる。
- In the Age of Exploration, the financial center gradually shifted from North Italy which was on the decline, failing to catch up with the volatile economy, to London, the capital of England.
- 早朝、西郷が初めて陣頭に立ち、自ら桐野・村田・池上・別府ら諸将を随えて和田峠頂上で指揮したが、大敗して延岡の回復はならず、長井村へ退いた。
- Early in the morning, Saigo took the lead for the first time, and directed the commanders (Kirino, Murata, Ikegami and Beppe) at the top of Wada-togem, but they couldn't restore Nobeoka because they suffered a crushing defeat, and left to Nagai village.
- さらに鳩山文相との間で「滝川の処分は非常特別のものであり、教授の進退は文部省に対する総長の具状によるものとする」という「解決案」を提示した。
- He also submitted a 'solution' to Minister of Education Hatoyama that 'The punishment of Takiwgawa is an extraordinary case, and the suspension of professors is decided by the Dean with the guidance of the Ministry of Education.'
- さらに、細川定禅が海路を東進し生田神社の森(神戸市三宮、御影付近)から上陸すると、義貞は退路を絶たれる危険を感じて東走し、楠木軍は孤立する。
- Jozen HOSOKAWA proceeded east by sea and landed at the forest of Ikuta-jinja Shrine (Sannomiya and Mikage areas of Kobe City), causing Yoshisada to fear that his path of retreat may be cut off and flee eastward, leaving the Kusunoki army isolated.
- 多田氏の衰退後、『群書類従』収録の「多田系図」などによると源兼綱の子である源頼兼(『尊卑分脈』では源頼政の次男とされる)が多田氏を再興した。
- The Tada clan, following its decline, was revived by MINAMOTO no Yorikane, who was the son of MINAMOTO no Kanetsuna according to the 'Tada clan's genealogy' in 'Gunsho Ruiju' (a collection of historical documents compiled by Hokiichi HANAWA); however, 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' (a text compiled in the 14th century that records the lineages of the aristocracy) states the second son of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には大幅な城の改築が行われるが、六角義賢(承禎)・六角義治の頃には浅井氏に敗れる(野良田の戦い)などで衰退することになる。
- Although, the castle was rebuilt during the Sengoku period (period of warring states), in the generation of Yoshikata (Shotei) ROKKAKU and Yoshiharu ROKKAKU, they were defeated in wars such as the Battle at Norada against the Azai clan.
- こうして、日本の出征大名達は朝鮮を退去して日本へ帰国し、豊臣秀吉の画策した明遠征、朝鮮征服計画は成功に至らぬまま、秀吉の死によって終結した。
- Thus, the daimyo that went to war from Japan withdrew and returned to Japan and the expedition to Ming and the conquest of Korea intended by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was not achieved and was ended by Hideyoshi's death.
- 子を産むこともないまま、入内から6年後の文永4年(1267年)、父公相が没したのをきっかけに嬉子は宮中を退出し、それ以降二度と戻らなかった。
- Kishi never had a child with the emperor, and left the court six years after her bridal entry into court, when her father, Kinsuke passed away in 1267; she never returned to the court afterward.
- 後嵯峨天皇の第二皇子宗尊親王が第6代鎌倉将軍一覧を退いた後、その一男で7代将軍に就任した惟康親王に対し、源姓が賜与されて「源惟康」となった。
- After the Imperial Prince Munetaka, the second son of the Emperor Gosaga, retired from the list of the sixth Kamakura Shogun, Imperial Prince Koreyasu, the eldest son of the Imperial Prince Munetaka, became the seventh Shogun and was given the surname of Minamoto, to call himself MINAMOTO no Koreyasu.
- 序段には兼好が「つれづれなるままに」(退屈を凌ぐために)書いたとあるが、実際は兼好の思索や雑感、逸話を通じて、いかに生きるかを探求する作品。
- In the preface, he wrote that 'he is going to write essays just to kill his time,' but in fact, he pursued a meaningful life through his contemplation, miscellaneous thoughts, and anecdotes.
- 根来・雑賀衆は、相手がどれほどの大軍であっても、先陣を切って攻めてくる敵の精鋭さえ撃ち倒してしまえばそれで敵を退けることができると考えていた。
- Negoro and Saiga shu thought that they could stand down enemies if they defeated the vanguard elite troops even against a big army.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)ごろから、和歌は僧侶や武士を中心に詠まれるようになるが、地方武士にも普及する一方で、形式主義に流れた和歌は衰退していった。
- Since around the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), waka came to be composed mainly by monks and samurai, while the composition of waka spread to local samurai, and some of the waka that lapsed into formalism declined.
- 永正6年(1509年)、澄元の重臣・三好之長が京都に侵攻を企てるが、大内義興と協力して退け(如意ケ嶽の戦い)、逆に近江に侵攻して勝利している。
- In 1509, Sumimoto's chief retainer, Yukinaga MIYOSHI plotted to invade Kyoto; however, Takakuni teamed with Yoshioki OUCHI in the successful defeat of MIYOSHI's army (the Battle of Nyoigatake), riding to victory in a daring raid on Omi.
- 当時、シャルルマーニュは、778年のサラゴサ遠征に失敗し、その際、退却軍についてきた西ゴート族の難民をどこかへ定住させてやる必要に追われていた。
- In those days, Charlemagne failed to invade Saragossa in 778 and then was urged to make the refugees who were west Goths following the army in retreat settle down somewhere.
- セルゲイ・ヴィッテ首相は、戦争によって負けることはないにせよロシアが疲弊することを恐れ、戦争回避論を展開したが、これは皇帝達によって退けられた。
- Prime Minister Sergei Witte expressed opposition to the war in the fear that though Russia would not lose, it would could exhaust the country; However, his assertions were rejected by the Emperor and others.
- その直後8月4日 (旧暦)に、敦明親王は道長に対し会談を求め、8月6日 (旧暦)道長が東宮御所に赴くと、東宮の地位を辞退する旨を打ち明けられる。
- Right after that, on September 2, Imperial Prince Atsuakira requested that Michinaga have a meeting, and when Michinaga visited Togu-gosho (the Crown Prince's palace) on September 4, Imperial Prince Atsuakira confided his intention of withdrawing from the position of Crown Prince.
- 明徳5年(1394年)2月、「不登極帝(即位しなかった天皇)」として太上天皇の尊号を贈られたが、応永4年(1397年)11月にはこれを辞退した。
- In March 1394, he was conferred the honorary title of Daijo Tenno (the retired Emperor) as 'the emperor who was not enthroned'; however, he declined the title in November 1397.
- 永治元年(1141年)、鳥羽天皇は藤原璋子との子である崇徳天皇を退位させ、藤原得子との子である躰仁親王(崇徳上皇の弟)を即位させた(近衛天皇)。
- In 1141, Emperor Toba made Emperor Sutoku, his son with FUJIWARA no Shoshi, abdicated and had Imperial Prince Narihito, his son with FUJIWARA no Tokushi and a younger brother of retired Emperor Sutoku, ascend the Imperial Throne (Emperor Konoe).
- 1568年、遠江国に追い立てられた氏真は、最後の拠点掛川城を徳川軍の石川家成に明け渡し、掛川城主の朝比奈泰朝等と共に北条氏を頼って小田原に退去。
- In 1568, Ujimasa who was sent away to Totomi Province transferred the last foothold Kakegawa-jo Castle to Ienari ISHIKAWA of the Tokugawa army and went away to Odawara to seek help from the Hojo clan together with the lord of Kakegawa-jo Castle Yasutomo ASAHINA.
- 景気の悪化など大きな不安要素はあったものの、5月に行われた第10回衆議院議員総選挙で、与党政友会が歴史的大勝を果たした矢先の退陣は憶測を呼んだ。
- Although there were certain disturbing elements such as economic downturn in those days, the resignation prompted a flurry of speculation because the cabinet was dissolved shortly after the ruling Seiyu Party won the tenth general election of the House of Representative in May with a historic landslide victory.
- 最初期は火付盗賊改方長官が所管していたが、平蔵が寛政4年(1792年)に退任してからは町奉行所に属する人足寄場奉行として新たに役職が設置された。
- In the beginning, Director for Hitsuke Tozoku Aratame-kata (Investigative Division for Arson and Organized Robbery) was in charge of Ninsokuyoseba, but after the retirement of Heizo in 1792 an official position of Ninsokuyoseba Bugyo (Magistrate) was installed which was affiliated with a town magistrate's office.
- とりわけ、急病により一線を退いた太政大臣三条実美に代わって、論争を主導した右大臣岩倉具視や内務卿大久保利通に対する恨みは次第に増幅されていった。
- Especially, the resentment against Tomomi IWAKURA, Minister of the Right and Toshimichi OKUBO, Secretary of Interior, who led the aforementioned debate in place of Sanetomi SANJO, the Grand Minister who had to retire due to sudden illness, was increasingly grown.
- 成氏の死後、古河公方家では内紛が相次いで衰退し、第5代公方・足利義氏 (古河公方)が天正11年(1583年)に死去すると、古河公方家は断絶した。
- Infighting triggered by the death of Shigeuji caused the authority of the Koga Kubo to eventually deteriorate, and with the death of the 5th Kubo, Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA in 1583, the Koga Kubo came to an end.
- 高国は一時劣勢に追い込まれて丹波国にまで撤退したが、澄元方の擁する前将軍・足利義澄の病死などにも助けられて、8月24日の船岡山の戦いに勝利した。
- At one point, Takakuni found himself outnumbered and was forced to retreat to Tanba Province, but he was saved by the death of the former shogun, Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA, who had sided with Sumimoto's force, and on August 24 Takakuni claimed victory in the Battle of Funaokayama.
- これは開戦の名義を立てるために朝鮮政府の閔氏一族を追放し、大院君を再び担ぎだして政権を樹立して日本に清軍の朝鮮からの撃退を要請させるためであった。
- The purpose was to obtain justification for opening a war by pushing the Ming family out of the Korean government to get Daewongun to again hold power and request that Japan drive back the Qing army from Korea.
- その後も一進一退の攻防が続いたが、応永27年(1420年)に蘆名盛政は新宮城_(陸奥国)を落とし、当主・新宮盛俊は戦死し、残党は越後に落ち延びた。
- Even after that, they fought back and forth at each other, but in 1420 Morimasa ASHINA conquered Shingu-jo Castle (Mutsu Province) and Moritoshi SHINGU, the lord of the castle, was killed in battle and the remainders (of the defeated party) escaped to Echigo.
- 日本軍最左翼に位置するためあらたに派遣された明水軍が加わり水陸からの激しい攻撃を受けるが防衛に成功し、明・朝鮮連合軍を後退させた(順天城の戦い)。
- Since it was located in the extreme left wing of the Japanese camp, it was attacked fiercely both from sea and land, but he succeeded in defending their position and forced the Ming and Korean forces to retreat (the Battle of Suncheon Castle).
- また戦後に咸鏡道に建てられた日本軍撃退記念碑の北関大捷碑には加坡の戦闘で斬殺した日本兵から左耳825個を切り取って朝鮮王へ送った記録が残っている。
- On Hokkantaishohi, which is a monument raised in Hangyong Province after the war to commemorate repulsion of the Japanese army, it is recorded that 825 left ears were cut from Japanese soldiers killed by the sword in the battle in Kaba for the King of Korea.
- 中国では、7世紀末~8世紀始めの、唐における武則天即位、建国(武則天)の前後において、中宗 (唐)・睿宗 (唐)が即位後に武則天により退けられた。
- In China, Busokuten enthroned in Tang and a nation was founded (Busokuten) in the end of the 7th century to the beginning of the 8th century, and Jungjong (Tang) and Yejong (Tang) were dethroned by Busokuten.
- 江戸後期に重税により町は衰退に向かい、明治期には近隣に持ち上がった鉄道駅建設計画に反対したことから都市化を免れることができた(畝傍駅として開業)。
- In the late Edo period, the town started to decline due to the oppressive tax, and as it opposed the construction of a railway station proposed in its neighborhood in the Meiji period, it could avoid being urbanized (the station was opened as Unebi Station.)
- 江戸時代に幸徳井家(賀茂氏の庶流である)が再興し、土御門家(安倍氏のこと)とともに陰陽道の管理を任されたが、土御門氏との争いに負け、再び衰退した。
- The Kotokui/Kadei family (the illegitimate family lineage of the Kamo clan) was rebuilt in the Edo period and was allowed to administer the onmyodo together with the Tsuchimikado family (i.e. the Abe clan), but the family lost a battle with the Tsuchimikado family and went into decline again.
- 慶喜は衝突を避けるべく大坂城に退去し、諸外国の公使らを集めて徳川の正当性を主張、さらに朝廷に運動して辞官納地を修正させて穏やかな形に直してもらう。
- In order to avoid confrontations Yoshinobu retreated to Osaka-jo Castle, assembled the ambassadors from various foreign countries and asserted the legitimacy of Tokugawa; furthermore, he appealed to the Imperial Court and had the Jikan Nochi modified to more moderate terms.
- ところが、斥候の浅野薫が乱戦を怖れたため、大石鍬次郎隊への連絡が遅れて当初予定していた包囲体制が完成せず、土佐藩士たちは退路を確保することができた。
- However, because Kaoru ASANO, on patrol, was afraid of the battle royal and his report to the group of Kuwajiro OISHI was too late, the plan to surrender the Tosa retainers failed and consequently they secured their escape route.
- 天皇はこれを恨み退位も考えたが、山碕(後の京都府乙訓郡)に宮殿を造営中に病に倒れ、白雉5年10月10日 (旧暦)(654年)に難波の宮殿で崩御した。
- The Emperor Kotoku became very angry and thought about the abdication of the throne, however, he fell ill when his new palace in Yamazaki (present-day Oto-gun Kyoto Prefecture) was in the course of construction, and passed away at Naniwa Imperial residence on November 27, 654.
- しかし冷泉天皇は在位わずか2年で退位、その後昌子内親王は天禄4年(973年)皇太后、寛和2年(986年)太皇太后を経て、長保元年(1000年)崩御。
- Emperor Reizei, however, abdicated the throne after being on the throne for only two years and thereafter, Imperial Princess Shoshi became Empress Dowager in 973, Grand Empress Dowager in 986 and died in 1000.
- 退位して太上天皇となった平城は、生まれ故郷である平城京に移り住み、体調がやや回復すると再度政務に意欲を示し、独自に天皇としての権限を行使しはじめた。
- After abdicating and becoming the Retired Empreor, Heizei returned to his birthplace, Heijo-kyo, and when his health recovered slightly, he returned to ruling and started to use the rights of an emperor on his own accord.
- 17日と21の両日、掘与八郎が延岡方面にいた薩兵約1000名を率いて高原麓を奪い返すために政府軍と激戦をしたが、これも勝てず、庄内、谷頭へ退却した。
- Hachiro HORIYO, who was in the direction of Nobeoka, had fierce battle with the Government army with one thousand Satsu soldiers to retake Kogen-roku on the 17th and 21st, but they lost again and withdrew to Shonai and Tanigashira.
- 天竜川に架かる浮き橋を義貞が遅れてくる味方のために残したと『梅松論』には書かれているが、『太平記』には浮き橋を斬って退却したと逆のことが書かれている。
- 'Baishoron' (Historical tale compiled in 1349) says that Yoshisada saved a floating bridge over Tenryu-gawa River for his allies to come later, but 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace) says the opposite, describing that he knocked out the bridge and retreated.
- ただし、そうした場合には技術・学術が実際に継承されているという点が重要視されており、そうした技術が衰退すれば世習の家柄でも子孫への継承が困難となった。
- However, in these cases, it was important that the actual techniques and knowledge were passed down, but if such techniques had declined, passing down the position was difficult even for a descendant of a hereditary family.
- 結果的に大内軍が撤退し、大友軍の勝利ということにはなったが、大友軍も二人の総大将を失い、本軍が崩れていたことから、軍事的には「引き分け」と分類される。
- In the end, the Ouchi army withdrew and the Otomo army won, yet, the battle was a draw in a military sense because the Otomo army also lost its two commanders in chief and the main army was broken up.
- 慶長3年9月(1598年10月)、朝鮮半島の泗川市で島津義弘率いる島津氏軍7千が明の武将董一元率いる数万(後述)の明・朝鮮連合軍と戦って撃退した戦い。
- Seven thousand army soldiers of the Shimazu clan led by Yoshihiro SHIMAZU fought against the tens of thousands of soldiers (mentioned afterwards) of Ming and Korean Allied Forces led by TON Yi Yuan, who was the busho (military commander) of Ming, in Sacheon City on Korean Peninsula in October 1598.
- 応仁の乱の後は家督争いや浅井氏の台頭により衰退したが、京極高次、京極高知兄弟が戦国時代 (日本)を生き延び、外様大名として若狭国主、丹後国主となった。
- After the turmoil of the Onin War the Kyogoku clan was on the wane because of the in-house conflict for the family estate and the rise of Azai Clan, but Takatsugu KYOGOKU and the Takatomo KYOGOKU brothers survived in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States in Japan) and became the lord of Wakasa Province and the lord of Tango Province as tozama daimyo (outside lords).
- 『今より以後、卯の始めに朝りて、巳の後に退でむ。因りて鐘を以て節とせよ』(官人たちの出士・退出時間があいまいなので、鐘で勤務時間をはっきりとさせよう)
- 'From now on, work should start before 6:00 am and finish after 10:00 am, and a bell should be rung at the start and end of work' (since the working hours of government officials were unclear, the sound of a bell let them know the start and finish time)
- 二人はそれまでの慣例を破って武智鉄二の演出した新劇や歌舞伎に出演するなど、積極的に他芸と交わっていったため、能楽協会から退会勧告を受けたこともあった。
- They broke an old custom and performed in a new type of drama, Shingeki, directed by Tetsuji TAKECHI, or Kabuki and positively interacted with other arts, for which they were once urged to leave the Noh Association.
- 義詮は北朝年号を復活させ、再び京都を奪還するが、南朝は撤退する際に光厳・光明両上皇と、天皇を退位した直後の崇光天皇(光厳の皇子)を賀名生へ連れ去った。
- Yoshiakira revived the Northern Court era name and recaptured Kyoto, and when the Southern Court forces withdrew from the city, they took both retired Emperors Kogon and Komyo, as well as Emperor Suko (Kogon's son), who had just abdicated the throne, back with them to Ano.
- 高清は西軍の六角高頼・斯波義廉・土岐成頼・斎藤妙椿ら連合軍と共に京極政経・多賀高忠らを破り、高忠を京都に敗走させるも一進一退の攻防は応仁の乱後も続く。
- Takakiyo together with the allied forces of the Western Camp of Takayori ROKKAKU, Yoshikado SHIBA, Shigeyori TOKI, and Myochin SAITO defeated Masatsune and Takayori ROKKAKU and forced Takatada to Kyoto to flee; however, the exchanges of attacks and counter-attacks continued after the Onin War.
- 付言すれば、漢民族である袁世凱が衰退した清朝にあって最強兵力を保持し続けること自体が、やがて満漢対立という民族間の軋轢を増す不安定要因となっていった。
- Additionally, Yuan Shikai, who was a member of the Han race, held the greatest military power in the weakened Qing dynasty, and this in itself eventually brought about unrest and confrontation between the Manchu and Han ethnic groups.
- その後戦況は一進一退を続けたが、天文4年(1536年)6月には細川軍の総攻撃が始まると、当時の後奈良天皇の日記にも「本願寺滅亡」と記されたほどである。
- After that, the situation of the war got better and worse, but in June, 1536, the Hosokawa army launched an all-out attack and the Hongan-ji Temple side was as ruined as written as 'Hongan-ji Temple was destroyed' in the diary of Emperor Gonara.
- 応仁の乱以降、将軍の権威が失墜すると細川氏以外の三管四職も没落し、さらに戦国時代中期に至って細川氏の勢力が減退すると室町幕府の諸制度は形骸化していった。
- Upon the abasement of the Shogun's authority after the Onin Rebellion, Sankan Shishiki (other than the Hosokawa clan) also fell, and when in the middle of the Age of Civil War the power of the Hosokawa clan weakened, the various systems of Muromachi Bakufu became mere terms.
- しかし、星野は源平盛衰記の時代、つまり1185年の平家滅亡までや、源頼家の将軍職退位など、あまりにも明らかな部分以外にはほとんど疑いを抱いていなかった。
- However, Hoshino had little doubt about the work except the parts which were obviously wrong such as the period of Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and the Taira families, or the period until the fall of the Taira family in 1185, and MINAMOTO no Yoriie's abdicating the post of shogun.
- この事件については立志社の指導者である板垣退助・後藤象二郎らは無関係で片岡も林ら過激な首謀者の巻き添えとなったとする見解が『自由党史』以来の通説である。
- Ever since the 'History of the Liberal Party' was compiled, the consensus has been that Taisuke ITAGAKI and Shojiro GOTO, leaders of the Rishisha, had nothing to do with the plot and that KATAOKA and HAYASHI were just associated with the radical ringleaders.
- 同年の第一次近衛内閣成立以降は次第に政治の表舞台から退き、反対し続けた日独伊三国軍事同盟成立の2ヶ月後の昭和15年(1940年)11月24日に死去した。
- After the First Konoe Cabinet was formed in the same year, he gradually retreated from the political stage, and he passed away on November 24, 1940, two months after the formation of Tripartite Military Pact, which he had continued to oppose.
- 選叙令に従五位下以上の官人(貴族)が致仕する場合には必ず上表をして天皇の許可を得ることとなっていたため、貴族が官職を退く際には辞表が行われるようになった。
- Under the Senjoryo (the regulations for the recruitment and promotion of government officials), when government officials (nobles) of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and over wished to resign his positions, they had to get the Emperor's permission; so it became a custom that they wrote a Jihyo when nobles resigned from government posts.
- 淳和上皇や恒貞親王は皇太子に立てられる事によって権力闘争に巻き込まれる事を憂慮して度々事辞退の申し入れをしたものの、嵯峨上皇や仁明天皇に慰留されてしまう。
- Although the Retired Emperor Junna and Imperial Prince Tsunesada refused to accept the position of Crown Prince many times, fearing to becoming involved in the power struggle, the Retired Emperor Saga and Emperor Ninmyo persuade them not to resign from the position of Crown Prince.
- また、藤原行成の『権記』にも皇太子辞退の報を受けて、顔相に詳しくないと前置きしながら「無龍顔」(天皇の相ではなかった)と述べている(寛仁元年8月8日条)。
- It is also stated in 'Gonki' (FUJIWARA no Yukinari's diary) that Atsuakira's face was not a face deserved for an emperor saying that he was not familiar with physiognomy when he heard about Atsuakira's refusal to remain crown prince (article written on September 6, 1017).
- 敦明は、皇太子の地位と引き換えに、太上天皇に准じた待遇を得て、さらに道長の娘婿となることを交換条件として提示し、道長に承諾させたうえで皇太子を退いている。
- Atsuaki indicated the exchange conditions to obtain treatment equivalent to that of the Retired Emperor and also becoming Michinaga's son-in-law in exchange for the position of Crown Prince, and got Michinaga to agree before leaving the position of Crown Prince.
- 後深草天皇が退位する1259年で完結し、かつ本文中には「新院」として登場することから原本が完成した時点では次の亀山天皇は未だ在位していたと考えられている。
- Because the book was completed in 1259 when the Emperor Gofukakusa retired and he appeared in it as 'Shin-in' (new ex-Emperor), the next Emperor Kameyama was presumably still on the throne at the completion of the original book.
- このことにより、茶の湯は初めて、客として訪れ共に茶を喫して退出するまでの全てを「一期一会」の充実した時間とする「総合芸術」として完成されたと言えるだろう。
- This brought the tea ceremony to perfection as an 'integrated art,' which lasts only for the short time of one's visit, drinking tea and leaving. The concept of fulfilled time in the tea ceremony is expressed by 'Ichi-go ichi-e' (one chance in a lifetime).
- その中で最も東端に位置する蔚山城が未完成のまま、年末から翌慶長3年(1598年)初めにかけて明・朝鮮軍の攻撃を受けるが撃退に成功する(第一次蔚山城の戦い)。
- When Urusan-jo Castle, at the east most edge of Korea, was under construction, the Japanese forces were attacked by the Ming-Korean forces from the end of 1597 to the beginning of 1598; the Japanese fought the enemy off (the first Battle of Ulsan).
- 大峯奥駈についても本山派が先行していたが、近世以降の熊野詣の衰退に伴って、江戸時代から今日まで、両派とも吉野から入るのが一般的かつ正統的なものとされている。
- Although Honzan school was ahead of Tozan school in Omine Okugake, with decline of pilgrimages to Kumano Sanzan after the early modern times, entering from Yoshino has been considered to be common and legitimate for both schools since the Edo Period.
- 政治においては、スキャンダル等によって退陣を余儀なくされた内閣総理大臣が、なお与党内において最も強力な影響力を保持している場合に「院政」の比喩が用いられる。
- In politics, a case where a prime minister has had no choice but to resign due to a scandal, etc., but retains the strongest influence within the ruling party, is referred to as 'insei.'
- 当初、転業にめぐってお茶屋派と学生相手の下宿派に別れ対立してきたが沈静化し、その後、徐々に衰退してくるようになり、1970年にその長い歴史に終止符を打った。
- To decide their next business, those who wanted to open ochaya (literally 'teahouse' which refers to places where geisha entertain their guests) conflicted with those who wanted to rent rooms for students at first but it was settled, then Chushojima gradually fell into decline and put an end to its long history in 1970.
- 西軍敗退により上杉氏が30万石に減封され米沢藩に移されると、これに従って米沢藩に仕え、米沢近郊の堂森(現、米沢市万世町堂森で慶次清水と呼ばれる)に隠棲した。
- After the Western Army lost the battle and the territory of the Uesugi Clan was reduced to 300,000 koku and relocated to the Domain of Yonezawa, Toshimasu served the Domain of Yonezawa and retired to Domori near Yonezawa (currently known as Keijisimizu in Domori, Bansei-Town, Yonezawa-City).
- また朝鮮軍は戦線膠着のため撤退し、その後の交渉で合意・実現に至ったのも倭寇の取り締まりであり、この遠征を理由に対馬を朝鮮の属国と見做すことは非常に論拠が薄い。
- Moreover, the Korean army withdrew after their invasion ended in a stalemate, and the focus of the agreement reached in subsequent negotiations and its execution was once again the suppression of the Wako, making this expedition an extremely weak justification for asserting that Tsushima had been a vassal state of Korea.
- しかし、本領である三刀屋の回復には至らず、毛利氏を退去して細川氏に仕え、慶長5年(1600年)の関ヶ原の戦いでは丹後国田辺城 (丹後国)籠城に加わり活躍した。
- Takasuke was short of recovering his fief Mitoya, and left the Mori clan to be a vassal of the Hosokawa clan; during the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, he joined the army locking itself up in Tanabejo Castle in Tango Province and where he provided exemplary service.
- その後も、大久保忠世ら諸将は小諸城に留まり真田勢と小競り合いを繰り返すも、11月には譜代の重臣石川数正が豊臣家に出奔する事態に至り、完全に撤退することになる。
- After that, warlords including Tadayo OKUBO stayed in Komoro-jo Castle and repeated skirmishes against Sanada's army, but in December, a senior fudai (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) Kazumasa ISHIKAWA ran away to the Toyotomi family, leading to a complete retreat.
- 小西軍の脱出が阻まれてていることが確認されると泗川から撤退してきた島津義弘の他、立花宗茂、寺沢広高、宗義智らの諸将は救援に向かうために水軍を編成して進撃した。
- After confirming the Konishi clan troops were obstructed, Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, who had retreated from Sacheon, and other commanders such as Muneshige TACHIBANA, Hirotaka TERASAWA and Yoshitomo SO organized the naval troops and made an attack to rescue the Konishi clan troops.
- 第46代孝謙天皇(称徳天皇の重祚)が退位し、譲位した相手方は、舎人親王の子第47代淳仁天皇(淡路廃帝)であったが、淳仁天皇は女性皇族を妃に迎えてはいなかった。
- The forty-seventh Emperor Junnin, the son of Imperial Prince Toneri (deposed Emperor Awaji) who was given the throne from the forty-sixth Emperor Koken (the second accession by Emperor Shotoku) after his abdication of the throne, he did not marry a female member of the Imperial Family.
- 慶応3年末、薩摩藩の大久保利通や公家の岩倉具視らの働きで発せられた王政復古 (日本)により、大阪に退いていた前徳川将軍家・徳川慶喜に対し辞官納地が命ぜられた。
- At the end of 1867, jikan-nochi (resignation from the government post and retrocession of the domain) was ordered against Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA of the former Tokugawa Shogunate family, who had retreated to Osaka due to the restoration of Imperial rule (in Japan), was initiated by Toshimichi OKUBO of the Satsuma domain and the court noble, Tomomi IWAKURA.
- ほかにも、大手企業が研究所を閉鎖し撤退した地区や、施設の誘致が進まず空き地が目立つ地区、研究地区から住宅地区への変更・用途地域の変更を検討している地区もある。
- In addition, major companies closed their research laboratories in some areas; vacant lots are conspicuous in other areas where facilities are no longer found, and some other areas are now being considered to be used as land for building houses instead of scientific facilities.
- しかし漆産業の衰退などの理由によって、他の産業同様に衰退を招き大江町和紙伝承館などの限られた施設でのみしか、ほとんどその伝統を見ることしか出来なくなっている。
- However, as in the case of other industries, the Washi paper industry also declined due to a decline in the lacquer industry, and it is almost impossible to see its tradition in places other than the limited facility such as the Washi Denshokan Museum.
- 1301年(正安3年)、執権職を従兄弟の北条師時に譲って引退したが、これは引退というより、重鎮の連署・北条宣時を道連れに引退させるためのものと見る向きもある。
- He retired from the post of regent, having his cousin Morotoki HOJO succeed to the post in 1301, but some people consider that it was for making the prominent figure of Rensho Noritoki HOJO retire with him rather than for his own retirement.
- しかし、1月3日に勃発した鳥羽・伏見の戦いで旧幕府軍が形勢不利と、まだ兵力を十分に保持しているにも関わらず、兵を置き去りにして軍鑑『開陽丸』で江戸へ退却した。
- Nevertheless, at the Battle of Toba Fushimi that broke out on January 3, even though the military force was holding up adequately, he judged that the former Shogunate army was at a disadvantage; he abandoned his army and retreated to Edo-jo Castle aboard warship Kaiyo Maru.
- 西洋の説話では、竜退治囚われの姫を救出して結婚する、という筋書きになる(古代バビロニア神話の女神ティアマト、ギリシア神話のアンドロメダにまつわる物語を参照)。
- In Western tales, the main character vanquished a dragon, saved a princess from captivity, and got married to her (see also the tales concerning Tiamat, the goddess in the ancient Babylonian myth, and the goddess Andromeda in the Greek myth).
- すでに9世紀後期の頃から、実際に租税収取を担当する地方行政の現場では、戸籍・計帳を基盤に置いた課税方式が後退し、土地に対する課税が積極的に行われる傾向にあった。
- As early as from the late 9th century, local administrative bodies, which were actually in charge of tax collection, tended to impose tax on land rather than collecting it based on family registration/keicho.
- その外、天皇の廃位を唱える見解や昭和天皇の退位と皇太子の即位により元号を改正するのが妥当とする説も、南原繁・佐々木惣一・中曽根康弘らが唱えたが、一部に止まった。
- Other than that, opinion advocating abolishment of the Emperor and theory which states the revision of the name of era by the abdication of Emperor Showa and enthronement of the Crown Prince is appropriate, were advocated by Shigeru NANBARA, Soichi SASAKI, Yasuhiro NAKASONE, and others, but were backed by only some of the people.
- 慶長3年(1598年)秀吉が死去すると、五大老の筆頭である徳川家康が頭角を現し朝鮮遠征軍撤退の和平交渉でも主導権を握り実質的な政権運営者へとのし上がっていった。
- When Hideyoshi died in 1598, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who was the leader of the Council of Five Elders (五大老), started to distinguish himself and took the lead in negotiations for peace through the withdrawal of the army, which had advanced into Korea; subsequently, he became the person who virtually controlled the government.
- 戦国時代 (日本)に入ると、政則の子・赤松義村が家臣の浦上村宗に殺されさらにその子・赤松晴政は村宗に傀儡として擁立されるなどして赤松氏は内紛により衰退していく。
- In the Sengoku Period, the Akamatsu clan became deteriorated through the internal conflicts; Masanori's son, Yoshimura AKAMATSU was killed by his own retainer Muramune URAGAMI, and in addition, Muramune utilized Yoshimura's son Harumasa AKAMATSU to set up a puppet administration.
- そして、荘園公領制や名体制が衰退して惣が編成されて町や村に自治的要素が登場すると、その町や村における行事に対しても百姓に対する公事の賦課が行われるようになった。
- And, when the system of shoen and koryo and the system of myo declined followed by formation of So (village) that let appear self-govermental element's in town and village, kuji also began to be imposed to peasants for any events in town or village.
- 右略図にあるように、防衛線は粛親王府やフランス公使館方面が徐々に後退しているものの、各国公使の家族が避難していたイギリス公使館側の防衛戦にはほとんど変化がない。
- As shown in the diagram on the right, the lines of defense at the government of Prince Su and at the French embassy gradually retreated, but the line of defense at the side of British Embassy, where the families of the envoy of each nation escaped to, changed very little.
- だが、西南戦争に伴う不換紙幣増発によって生じたインフレーションで金貨・銀貨ともに国外への流出や退蔵が深刻化して, 本位貨幣としては名目上の存在となってしまった。
- However, due to the inflation caused by the overissue of inconvertible currencies accompanying the Seinan War, both gold and silver coins fled Japan or were kept as dead storage to a great extent and came down to just nominal stanrdard money.
- 一方で、後世に成立した『今昔物語集』や『宇治拾遺物語』、室町時代になって成立した『御伽草子』などで、丹波国大枝山での酒呑童子討伐や土蜘蛛退治の説話でも知られる。
- On the other hand, in 'Konjaku monogatari shu' (Tales of Times Now and Then collection) and 'Uji Shui Monogatari' (a collection of the Tales from Uji) that were put together later, and in 'Otogi Zoshi' that was put together during the Muromachi Period, he is known for the legends of his victories over the demons Shuten Doji of Mt. Oe-yama and Tsuchigumo.
- だが、承和 (日本)5年(839年)を最後に遣唐使が中絶(寛平6年(894年)廃止)されると、漢音を日本国内で用いる必要性がほとんど失われ、音道は急激に衰退する。
- But after the Japanese envoy to the Chinese Tang Dynasty ceased in 839, there were hardly any need for the Han pronunciations of Chinese characters in Japan, and as such, Ondo's popularity declined rapidly.
- ここで、正成が後醍醐天皇に、状況が宮方に有利な今のうちに足利方と和睦する事を進言するが、後醍醐はこれを退け、義貞を総大将とする尊氏追討の軍を西国へ向けて派遣した。
- During this time, Masashige advised Emperor Godaigo that peace be made with the Ashikaga faction now that circumstances were beneficial for the imperial faction but the emperor rejected this and dispatched a force with Yoshisada as supreme commander westward to kill Takauji.
- 本能寺の変の報を聞くとすぐさま撤退するが、小田原市の北条氏直が上野国奪取を目指して進出、敵中突破を試みた一益は大敗して領国の伊勢長島城へ帰還した(神流川の戦い)。
- Although he retreated as soon as he heard the report on Honnoji Incident, Ujinao HOJO in Odawara City marched aiming at to take Kozuke Province and Kazumasu tried to break through the enemy lines and badly defeated and came back to his territory, Ise Nagashima-jo Castle (the Battle of Kanna-gawa River).
- 安東政季は分家の潮潟安藤家出身であったが、下国家の蝦夷島撤退のころ南部氏の捕虜となり、まもなく南部水軍の根拠地であった田名部(むつ市)を知行し「安東太」を称した。
- Masasue ANDO was originally from a branch family, Shiokata Ando family, but he came to be a captive of the Nanbu clan around the time when the Shimonokuni family had to withdrew from Ezogashima Islands, and soon he was enfeoffed Tanabe (Mutsu City), the Nanbu Navy's home base, and called himself 'Andota.'
- 今朝重保が殺された事、自分に追討軍が差し向けられた事を二俣川で初めて知った重忠は、館へ退くことはせず潔く戦う事が武士の本懐であるとして討伐軍を迎え撃つ決断を下す。
- Having realized at the river that Shigeyasu was killed in the morning and that an army had been sent to attack him, he chose to stand and fight the army as a samurai, rather than retreat to the castle.
- 慶喜はいったん大坂城に退くが、公議政体派の山内容堂(前土佐藩主)・松平春嶽(前越前藩主)・徳川慶勝(前尾張藩主)らの工作により、小御所会議の決定は骨抜きにされた。
- Although Yoshinobu once retreated to Osaka-jo Castle, the members of the parliamentary regime, Yodo YAMAUCHI (the former lord of the Tosa Domain), Shungaku MATSUDAIRA (the former lord of the Echizen Domain), and Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA (the former lord of the Owari Domain) and those who were members of the parliamentary regime maneuvered and water downed the decision of the 'Kogosho Conference.'
- だが、次の黒田内閣でも外務大臣に留任した大隈が爆弾テロに遭遇して条約改正に失敗すると、たちまち欧化主義は衰退し、対外硬派に支えられた国粋主義が台頭することになる。
- Nevertheless, after OKUBO, who stayed on as foreign minister in the following KURODA Cabinet, had failures in the revision of a treaty as he encountered terrorist explosions, Europeanism declined in an instant and Nationalism gained power.
- 中世に入ると、狩衣が上流貴族にまで用いられはじめたため、烏帽子直衣は衰退、烏帽子直衣は院の御所に、太上天皇の許しを受けた者が参入する時に使用することが普通になった。
- In the Medieval period, Kariginu was worn by upper class court nobles, the formal headwear for court nobles and the Noshi became unpopular and it was commonly worn by people who had permission from a retired emperor to enter the retired emperor's Imperial Palace.
- 光厳にはいちおう上皇の称号と待遇が与えられたが、それは通例の前天皇に対する優遇措置ではなく、あくまでも皇太子の地位を辞退したことに対する褒賞であることが明示された。
- It was clearly indicated that Kogon was given the title and privileges of the retired emperor but not as preferential treatment for being the former Emperor, but as a prize for refraining the position of Crown Prince.
- が、選歌方針ほかを巡り為世・為兼両者の争論が白熱化し、激昂した為世が撰者を辞退、さらに同6年(1298年)には九条隆博、正安3年(1301年)には飛鳥井雅有が死没。
- However, various arguments about, among other things, the policy for selecting waka between Tameyo and Tamekane became heated, and an enraged Tameyo resigned as compiler, on top of which followed the deaths of Takahiro KUJO in 1298 and Masaari ASUKAI in 1301.
- 兼家は懐仁親王の早期の即位を望んだため、寛和2年(986年)6月に兼家と二男の道兼が中心となって策謀を仕組み、花山天皇を唆して内裏から連れ出し出家退位させてしまう。
- Because Kaneie wanted Prince Kanehito to ascend to the throne early, in June, 986 he and his second son, Michikane, concocted a scheme in which they abetted in taking Emperor Kazan from the Imperial Palace, and they retired him by making him become an ordained monk.
- 永禄元年(1558年)の義輝の帰京以降も長慶の権勢は続いたが、それに反発する畠山高政と六角義賢は畿内で蜂起し、三好氏は三好義賢が戦死するなど衰退の兆しが見え始めた。
- Nagayoshi still had his power after Yoshiteru returned to Kyoto in 1558, but Takamasa HATAKEYAMA and Yoshitaka ROKKAKU revolted against Nagayoshi (Chokei) at Kinai, and the death of Yoshitaka MIYOSHI was one example of the Miyoshi clan's decline.
- 応仁の乱後に将軍親政を開始し、衰退した幕府権力を回復しようと六角征伐を行なうなど、積極的な幕政改革を行なったが、六角征伐の最中に病に倒れ、父母に先立つ形で死去した。
- Once the Onin War ended, he started to rule by himself and actively executed several reforms of shogunal politics, such as the Rokkaku subjugation to restore the stagnating power of the shogunate government, but in the middle of the Rokkaku subjugation he became ill and passed away, thus preceding his parents to the grave.
- 代わって一橋慶喜は新たに禁裏御守衛総督兼摂海防禦指揮を命じられ、いったん京都守護職を退いていた松平容保も復帰、容保の実弟で桑名藩主の松平定敬が京都所司代に任ぜられた。
- After that occasion, Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI was appointed to Kinri-goshuei-sotoku and Sekkai-bogyo-shiki, Katamori MATSUDAIRA, who had retired from Kyoto-shugoshoku, was appointed to the previous post again, and Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA (a younger brother of Katamori and the head of the Kuwana clan) was appointed to Kyoto-shoshidai.
- しかし、2006年にオーストラリアの投資銀行であるマッコーリー銀行の子会社である日本自動車道に譲渡し、近鉄および名阪近鉄バスは伊吹山ドライブウェイの運営から撤退した。
- However, in 2006, it was transferred to Japan Automobile Road Corporation, a subsidiary of Macquarie Bank, an Australian investment bank and Kintetsu Corporation and Meihan Kintetsu Bus Corporation withdrew from its management.
- なお、元弘の変(元弘の乱のきっかけとなった)が発生した元弘元年(1331年)以後の変動については軍忠の有無を問わず一切無効として本主の進退(判断)に属するものとする。
- Change of ownership after 1331 when the Genko Incident (which triggered the Genko War) occurred shall be deemed invalid and subject to honshu's behavior (discretion), regardless of contribution in the war.
- ロシア皇帝アレクサンドル2世による国際裁判は1875年6月に「日本側の措置は一般国際法にも条約にも違反せず妥当なものである」とする判決を出し、ペルー側の訴えを退けた。
- In June of 1875, the International Court held by Alexander ll, the Russian Czar, ruled that 'the measures taken by Japan were appropriate conforming to all international laws and treaties,' and he dismissed the appeal by Peru.
- が、治承・寿永の乱に嫡流であった多田行綱が源頼朝に疎まれ多田荘の所領を没収されると衰退し、以後一族の動向を伝える史料は断片的なものとなっている(多田源氏の項目も参照)。
- However, the lineage went into decline when Yukitsuna TADA, who belonged to the clan's lineage of the eldest son, was shunned and deprived of the real estate in Tada during the Jisho-Juei War by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and thereafter the historical materials making mention of what happened to the clan became fragmentary (see the article of 'Tada-Genji').
- 徳長は1911年に引退し爵位を長子東坊城政長が継いだが、1922年徳長の没後、翌1923年の関東大震災によって東京の家屋敷は半壊、東坊城家はそれを手放す憂き目に遭った。
- Yoshinaga retired in 1911, and his eldest son, Masanaga HIGASHIBOJO, succeeded to the title and the court rank, but in 1923 a year after Yoshinaga's death in 1922, the family's residence in Tokyo was half-destroyed in the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 and the Higashibojo family found itself in the unfortunate position of having to relinquish its estate.
- こうした経緯から戦後の日本国憲法では政治の場から神国思想を排除するために、政教分離原則の厳格化と信教の自由の導入が行われ、日本社会の表舞台から神国思想は退く事になった。
- Considering the above, the strict principle of separation of government and religion, and the freedom of religion in the Constitution of Japan were later introduced to rid Shinkoku belief from politics, and it appeared that belief in Shinkoku was wiped from the surface of Japanese society.
- 90年代後半ぐらいまで旅行ガイドから雄琴の名は意図的に退けられていたり、「琵琶湖の雄琴近隣で女性が泳ぐと妊娠する」といった荒唐無稽ともいえる風評まで飛び交うほどあった。
- Publishers of travel guidebooks intentionally avoided Ogoto from their books and an absurd rumor, said any women swim in Lake Biwa near Ogoto gets pregnant, was running rampant up until the late '90s.
- いったん蝦夷島に逃れた後室町幕府の調停で復帰したものの再度蝦夷地に撤退、更に出羽に移り檜山郡 (出羽国)(現秋田県能代市)を中心に出羽最北部西半から蝦夷地南部を領した。
- Although the family, which once escaped to Ezogashima Islands, recovered the territory by the arbitration of the Muromachi bakufu, it had to withdraw again to Ezo, and afterwards, the family went down to Dewa Province and finally occupied the west half of the farthest northern area of Dewa Province to the southern area of Ezo, with its headquarters in Hiyama Country (Dewa Province) (present Noshiro City, Akita Prefecture).
- 鎌倉時代以降、大和国守護は興福寺が務めており、筒井氏もその衆徒として組み込まれるが、戦国時代 (日本)に入ると興福寺の勢力が衰退し、筒井氏や越智氏の勢力が台頭してくる。
- After the Kamakura period, Kofuku-ji Temple served as Shugo (provincial constable) of Yamato Province, and the Tsutsui clan served it as Shuto (group of monk-soldiers of temple); in the Sengoku period, Kofuku-ji Temple went into a decline, and local clans such as the Tsutsui clan and the Ochi clan began to rise in exchange.
- このようにして、当初、名誉職に過ぎなかった熊野三山検校は、14世紀半ば以降の熊野別当家の退勢を背景に、足利将軍家権力の支持をもとに権威と実権を拡大させていったのである。
- In this way, Kumano Sanzan Kengyo which was only the honor post in the beginning had expanded the authority and real power with the support of Ashikaga Shogun Family's patronage as Kumano betto family's power had declined in the middle of the 14th century.
- このため、後鳥羽天皇は退位時にこれまでの慣例であった在位中の昇殿をそのまま院御所に持ち込む規定を取りやめて80名近い殿上人を44名に削減する「リストラ」を断行している。
- Therefore, Emperor Gotoba, by canceling a rule of bringing the shoden in his reign into the ingosho, which had been a custom, performed 'restructuring' at his abdication, reducing tenjobito from nearly 80 to 44.
- 1914年、第一次世界大戦が勃発するとドイツら同盟国側に引き入れられつつあったオスマン帝国の対外情勢は緊迫し、山田はイスタンブルの店を閉鎖して退去し、日本へと帰国した。
- In 1914, when the First World War broke out, the foreign situation of the Ottoman Empire, which had being dragged into the Central Powers consisting of Germany and others, grew tense, so Yamada closed his shop in Istanbul and returned to Japan.
- 戸次川の戦い後に義久の弟・島津家久が占領していた豊後府内城から家久は後方の松尾城 (日向国)に撤退し、代わって島津家久の兄・島津義弘が府内城に入って守備を固めたのである。
- After the Battle of Hetsugigawa, Iehisa SHIMAZU, who was his younger brother, left Funai-jo Castle in Bungo which he had occupied and retreated to Matsuo-jo Castle (Hyuga Province) which was located further backward, and Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, who was his older brother, moved to Funai-jo Castle in Iehisa's place to reinforce the defenses.
- 7月16日条約改正交渉の結果、領事裁判権を廃止する日英通商航海条約調印を経て、20日大鳥公使は朝鮮政府に清軍の撤退と朝清間の条約廃棄を3日間の期限で回答するよう通告した。
- After the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation was signed on July 16 as the result of negotiation over treaty revisions to do away with consular jurisdiction right, Minister Oshima gave notice to the Korean government requesting the withdrawal of Qing troops and the denunciation of Sino-Korean treaties with a response demanded within three days.
- 真言律宗に属する寺院は、大本山宝山寺(奈良県生駒市)のほか、京都・浄瑠璃寺、奈良・海龍王寺、奈良・不退寺、鎌倉・極楽寺 (鎌倉市)、横浜市・称名寺 (横浜市)などがある。
- In addition to Hozan-ji Temple (Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture), the grand head temple of the sect, Joruri-ji Temple in Kyoto, Kairyuo-ji Temple in Nara, Futai-ji Temple in Nara, Gokuraku-ji Temple in Kamakura City, Shomyo-ji Temple in Yokohama City and so on belong to Shingon Risshu sect.
- 8月1日、北条方となった諏訪頼忠高島城を攻城していた酒井忠次ら3,000は北条の大軍が来るとの報に甲斐に向けて後退し、北条は佐久経由で北条氏直率いる43,000が追撃した。
- On August 28, having learned that a great army of Hojo was coming, 3,000 soldiers led by Tadatsugu SAKAI, who were attacking Takashima-jo Castle of Yoritada SUWA on Hojo's side, backed away, and 43,000 soldiers led by Ujinao HOJO chased them via Saku.
- そうしたとき、水路が入り組んだ南方江南の諸国は水路を天険の守りとし、強力な水軍を養成してしばしば北方の騎馬兵力を擁して軍事的に優越した華北諸国の軍を撃退することに成功した。
- During those periods, the countries in the south and along the Yangtze River were often able to fight off the army of Hubei (North China) which had power of cavalry and were superior to the southern army, by developing a powerful suigun navy and using their maze of waterways as a natural defense advantage.
- 宣化天皇が身罷った時に、先代安閑天皇の皇后であった春日山田皇女を中継ぎとして推薦したが、これは辞退されたためまだ若い欽明天皇が539年(宣化天皇4年12月5日)に即位した。
- Although Kasuga no Yamada no Himemiko (the empress of the former Emperor Ankan) was nominated as an interim successor upon the death of Emperor Senka, Emperor Kinmei at his young age succeeded the enthronement in 539 due to refusal by Kasuga no Yamada no Himemiko.
- 乾元 (日本)元年(1302年)に内親王宣下を受け、徳治元年(1306年)、斎宮に卜定されるが、徳治3年(1308年)、異母兄後二条天皇崩御のため、群行には至らず退下した。
- In 1302, she was conferred by the Emperor as an Imperial Princess, and in 1306, she was selected by divination as a Saigu (vestal virgin princess serving at Ise-jingu Shrine), but since her older paternal half-brother Emperor Gonijo died in 1308, she resigned before going to Ise.
- だが、鎌倉時代末期以後公武政権の失墜に伴って徳政そのものが衰退していき、有力武家による自身にゆかりのある特定寺社への保護を例外として寺社興行法も有名無実化していくことになる。
- As the imperial court administration and the bakufu declined, the edict of tokusei decreased, and the Jisha Kogyo became in name only except that influential samurai families became patrons of specific temples or shrines which they were closely tied with.
- そのため、義政がこれ以上の政治参加に倦んで義尚に突然将軍を譲って引退しても、また両軍の総大将である細川勝元・山名宗全が相次いで病死しても諸大名は兵を撤退させることは無かった。
- This only caused Yoshimasa to lose what little interest he had left in politics, prompting him suddenly to relinquish the position of Shogun to Yoshihisa and retire, but the conflict between the two armies continued, and even after the successive natural deaths by illness of each army's supreme commanders, Katsumoto HOSOKAWA and Sozen YAMANA, the various daimyo did not withdraw their forces.
- 1874年(明治7年)、前年のいわゆる明治六年の政変(征韓論の争議)に敗れて下野した副島種臣、板垣退助、後藤象二郎、江藤新平等が連署して、民撰議院設立建白書を左院に提出した。
- In 1874, Taneomi SOEJIMA, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shojiro GOTO and Shinpei ETO who resigned from their post due to the political upheaval in 1873 (the dispute of Seikanron [debate on subjugation of Korea]) submitted a political statement for democratic representatives in their joint names.
- 花園天皇の後に大覚寺統の後醍醐天皇が即位したが、後醍醐天皇は元弘元年/元徳3年(1331年)に倒幕計画の発覚により退位させられ(元弘の乱)、量仁親王が光厳天皇として即位した。
- After the reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor Godaigo on the Daikaku-ji Imperial line ascended the throne, however, he was overthrown (the Genko War) when his plan to overthrow the Bakufu was identified in 1331, and then Imperial Prince Kazuhito ascended the throne as Emperor Kogon.
- 後宇多の遺言はなお有効であり、いったん自らの退位を認めてしてしまえば、治天として政務を執る資格も子孫に皇位を伝える資格も失われかねないことを後醍醐はよく承知していたのである。
- Godaigo knew well that Gouda's will was still in effect and if he recognized that he had abdicated, he might lose eligibility to rule as Chiten or pass the throne on to his descendants.
- 出納は本来は蔵人所のみの金品の出納を担当していたが、戦乱期の朝廷機構の衰退に伴って諸官司が機能停止していく中で、その職掌は朝廷各部門の出納業務へと拡大の方向に向かっていった。
- Suino' was originally in charge of taking managing money and materials exclusively for the Bureau of Archives; however, as the Imperial Court was losing authority and accordingly the court offices stopped their functions during the warring period, 'suino' began to provide the service for other imperial offices.
- しかし、江戸時代にはいって、荘園が取上げられ寺請制度の一翼を担わなかったこともあって、衰退がすすみ、明治時代にはいると大きな勢力を誇っていた子院の東南院 (奈良市)も滅んだ。
- However, during the Edo period, Todai-ji Temple declined even further since the bakufu deprived the Temple of its manors, and the Temple was not integrated into the bakufu system of governance using temples, subsequently in the Meiji period, Tonan-in Temple, an influential branch temple (in Nara City) was ruined.
- だが、平安時代中期に入ると、文章生の学科である紀伝道が他の学科を圧倒するようになり、明法道は紀伝道・明法道よりも下位に置かれるようになって一時的に衰退の時期を迎えるようになる。
- However, in the mid Heian period, Kidendo, a Monjo subject, exceeded the other departments, therefore Myohodo was positioned lower than Kidendo and declined temporarily.
- 1873年6月の閣議(いわゆる留守政府)において参議板垣退助が交渉の行きづまりを打開するため陸軍一大隊の朝鮮への派遣を主張、西郷隆盛は使節の派遣と自らその職への任命を主張した。
- In a cabinet meeting (of the so-called rusu seifu - government while heads were away) in June 1873, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Sangi (the Councilor), claimed to dispatch a battalion of Army to Korea to resolve the deadlock in negotiations, and Takamori SAIGO demanded that an envoy be dispathced and he be appointed as the envoy.
- 大院君は農民軍鎮圧のための派兵をしないよう大鳥公使に要請したが、日本は部隊(歩兵独立第十九大隊)を11月初めに派兵し、11月下旬からの公州攻防戦で勝利して農民軍を南方へ退けた。
- Although Daewongun requested Minister Otori not to send troops to suppress the peasant army, Japan dispatched a military unit (the 19th independent infantry battalion) in early November and the won Gongju battle started late November, ousting the peasant army to the south.
- ちなみに、宗茂は9月15日に大津城を開城させた後、軍勢を率いて草津市にまで進出していたが、そこで西軍の壊滅を知って大坂城に退却することを余儀なくされ、戦後に改易されてしまった。
- In fact, after Muneshige had made Takatsugu surrender Otsu-jo Castle on October 21, he and his troops advanced to Kusatsu city, where he knew of the defeat of the West squad and was forced to retreat to Osaka-jo Castle; because of this, after the battle he forfeited the rank of Samurai and his properties.
- しかし、名将として知られた氏郷が若くして没したため蒲生氏は衰退し、徳川幕府の大名として存続することには成功したものの、その後も当主の夭折が続いたため後継がなく蒲生氏は断絶した。
- However, after Ujisato, who had been well-known as a great commander, died young, the power of the Gamo clan declined, and even though the clan managed to survive as daimyo of the Tokugawa Shogunate, the family heads died young one after another, and finally the Gamo clan ended due to the absence of the heir.
- 一方、朝鮮では文禄・慶長の役が終わり、朝鮮を手助けした明が朝鮮半島から撤退すると日本を恐れ、友好関係を何とか結びたいという考えを持っていたようである『明史 列伝 第二百八 朝鮮』
- On the other hand, after the Bunroku-Keicho War ended and the Ming, which had helped Korea in the war, pulled out its troops from the Korean peninsular, Korea began to fear Japan and thought that it should manage to establish a good relationship with Japan (according to 'Korea, the 208th Items of the Itemized Ming History').
- その後の南北朝の戦いでは、正平 (日本)3年/貞和4年(1348年)の四條畷の戦いで、道誉は二千余騎を率いて参じ、楠正行軍を撃退するが、その後の戦いで次男の佐々木秀宗が討たれる。
- After that, as for the battle between the North and South Courts, in 1348, Doyo participated in the battle of Shijonawate it with more than 2,000 horsemen to defeat Masayuki KUSUNOKI's army, but in the battle thereafter Doyo's second son Hidemune SASAKI was killed.
- 慶応3年1月15日(1867年2月19日)、明治天皇の践祚に伴い処分が解かれたが、幟仁親王はこれ以降政治的な表舞台には姿をあらわさず、打診された国事御用掛への復職も辞退している。
- On February 19, 1867, Imperial Prince Takahito was forgiven in accordance with Emperor Meiji's accession to the throne, but he never returned to the political stage from that time onward and he even declined a reinstatement offer for the Kokuji Goyogakari position.
- 第1巻では公家が次第に衰退する過程を中心とし、第2巻では上古にさかのぼって武家の成立と勃興の大勢を述べ、第1巻の6・7・8・9の「変」は第2巻の1・2の「変」と時代的に重複する。
- In the first volume he centered on the process of the court aristocracy's becoming weaker and weaker, then in the second volume describing the outline of the birth and rise of the warrior class going back to high antiquity, with the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth 'changes' in the first volume historically overlapping with the first and second 'changes' in the second volume.
- これは朝鮮人労働者が激しく抵抗したためであったが、欠員は以前通信事業に従事していて悪事を働いた為に免職になったものや、病気で退職したものを半ば強制的に集めて当初はしのいだという。
- The holes left by the stiff resistance of Korean workers were filled by almost forcibly gathering former workers of communication services who had been dismissed for having done wrong or retired for health reason.
- 民撰議院設立建白書(みんせんぎいんせつりつけんぱくしょ)は、1874年(明治7年)1月17日、前参議・板垣退助、後藤象二郎らが、政府に対して最初に民選の議会開設を要望した建白書。
- Minsen Giin Setsuritsu Kenpaku Sho' was the first petition requesting the government to establish a parliament with democratically-elected representatives supported by people including former Sangi councilors Taisuke ITAGAKI and Shojiro GOTO on January 17, 1874.
- その後も修史事業は試みられ「新国史」なるものが存在したと伝聞されるが、若干残った逸文から見ると完成奏上に至らなかったとする見解が主流であり、原因としては律令政治の衰退があげられる。
- There were other attempts to compile national histories following Rikkokushi and it is rumored that there was a 'Shinkokushi' (New National History), but the few remaining rare texts have led to the prevailing opinion that they were never completed and reported to the emperor, with the decline of government according to the Ritsuryo codes given as a reason for this.
- 1885年4月全権大使伊藤博文と李鴻章により天津条約が結ばれ、四ヶ月以内の日清両軍の朝鮮からの撤退と、以後出兵時の事前通告および事態の沈静化後すみやかに撤収すべきことが定められた。
- Plenipotentiary Hirobumi ITO and Li Hung Chang signed the Treaty of Tianjin, which provided that both Japanese and Qing troops will withdraw from Korea within four months and hereafter give a prior notice in dispatching their troops, and call troops home as soon as things have calmed down.
- 長秀率いる2000の軍勢は撤退を開始していた桑山重晴の軍勢とちょうど鉢合わせする形となるとそれと合流し、そのまま賤ヶ岳周辺の盛政の軍勢を撃破し間一髪の所で賤ヶ岳砦の確保に成功する。
- Encountering the army of Shigeharu KUWAYAMA, which had already started its retreat, 2,000 troops led by Nagahide joined with them to smash Morimasa's forces around Shizugatake, successfully securing Shizugatake Fort in the nick of time.
- また、上杉氏も謙信没後は養子の上杉景勝が継いだが、景勝は信長の敵ではなく、また御館の乱という御家騒動から勢力が減退したため、謙信死去により、信長の天下布武はさらに前進したといえる。
- After Kenshin's death, the Uesugi Clan was headed by his adopted son, Kagekatsu UESUGI, who was no threat to Nobunaga, and their power declined due to family trouble called the Otate War, therefore it can be said that the death of Kenshin facilitated Nobunaga's Tenka-fubu (a slogan meaning that the samurai rules the whole world).
- 後に源氏の分家である足利家は室町幕府を開き、武士の勢力の伸張と天皇家の権威・権力の衰退にも助けられ、15代240年にわたり征夷大将軍として日本に君臨し、外交、内政、軍事を差配した。
- Later the Ashikaga family, a branch family of the Minamoto clan established Muromachi bakufu, and partly because of the expansion of the power of bushi (warriors) and the decline of the authority and power of the Emperor, reigned over Japan as Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') and conducted foreign affairs, domestic administration, and military affairs over 15 generations for 240 years.
- しかし征韓論政変によって参議から下野した板垣退助らが自由民権運動を開始し、それが次第に議会開設の国民運動として発展すると、政府は大日本帝国憲法を発布し、議会と内閣制度を発足させた。
- However, when Taisuke ITAGAKI and others, who resigned from the post of Sangi (councilor) after the political change of Seikanron (debate about the subjugation of Korea), started the Jiyuminken Undo (the Freedom and People's Rights Movement), that movement developed gradually into a movement by the people to establish the Diet, and the government promulgated the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and established the Diet and the cabinet system.
- 応仁の乱終了後も政長と義就は山城国で戦い続けていたが、度重なる戦乱に民衆は国人を中心にして団結し、勝元の後継者であった政元の後ろ盾も得て、山城国一揆を起して両派を国外に退去させた。
- Even after the end of the Onin War, Masanaga and Yoshinari continued to fight each other in Yamashiro Province, but the successive battles brought common people together around kokujin (indigenous samurai) and they, backed by Katsumoto's successor Masamoto, rose up in Yamashironokuni Ikki (Yamashiro Province uprising) and succeeded in driving the two warring forces out of the province.
- 幕府側では北条泰家らを迎撃のために向かわせるが、入間川 (多摩川水系)と久米川(東京都東村山市)での合戦で敗退し、分倍河原の戦い (鎌倉時代)(東京都府中市 (東京都))でも敗れた。
- Yasuie HOJO and others were sent to intercept the rebel forces, but they were defeated in the battles at Iruma-gawa River (the Tama-gawa River system) and Kume-gawa River (in the present Higashimurayama City, Tokyo Prefecture) and they were also beat in the battle of Bubaigawara (fought in the present day Fuchu City, Tokyo Prefecture).
- しかし豊臣秀長率いる豊臣軍によって府内城が攻められるや、圧倒的な兵力・物量の差を悟った島津義弘は3月15日の夜半に風雨にまぎれて海路で府内城を脱出し、弟の家久が守る松尾城に退却した。
- However, soon after the Funai-jo Castle was attacked by the Toyotomi's army, Yoshihiro SHIMAZU realized that the enemy's forces and supplies far exceeded his own, so he escaped Funai-jo Castle by sea in the midst of a midnight storm on April 22 and retreated to Matsuo-jo Castle where his younger brother Iehisa was on guard.
- 制度取調参与の福岡孝弟は、この由利五箇条に対して第一条冒頭に「列侯会議を興し」の字句を入れるなどして封建的な方向へ後退させ、表題も会盟に改めたため、列侯会盟の色彩が非常に強くなった。
- Because Seido torishirabe Sanyo (Councilor in charge of examining regulations) Takachika FUKUOKA added words 'setting up a council by feudal lords' at the beginning of the first article of the Yuri gokajo (Five Articles designed by Yuri) and the title was changed to 'kaimei' (pledge of feudal lords), it stepped back to feudalistic direction and the mood of pledge of feudal lords deepened.
- 中世の国家体制については、一般的には天皇・公家の後退と武家の伸張によって特徴付けられるが、公家と武家が両々相俟って国家を維持したとする権門体制論も提出されているなど学説も多様である。
- As for the system of the country during the Medieval period, it is generally characterized as the regression of the Emperor and Kuge and extension of Buke (samurai families), but the theories are various, like the kenmon taisei theory, a theory that suggests Kuge and Buke both kept the country together, is presented.
- 一方特産品の藍染め品や藍染品などのさまざまな農産品を生産し、それらを扱う商いのまちとして栄えてきた福知山は、後継者不足などの問題によりそれらの産業は衰退しほぼ完全に消滅してしまった。
- On the other hand, while Fukuchiyama used to flourish in the production of specialty goods and various agricultural products such as indigo-dyeing, such industries have declined over time due to a shortage of successors and have disappeared almost completely.
- だが、皇朝十二銭の廃絶などで貨幣流通が衰退する一方で代納品による租税の物納やそれに伴う交易による中央への上供品の購入が一般化すると、交換の価値基準としての估価が求められるようになった。
- However, with the elimination of Kocho-Junisen (twelve coins casted in Japan), circulation of currency fell, and on the other hand, with the wide-spread use of in-kind tax payments and purchasing goods from the trade related to the in-kind tax payments to deliver to the central government, koka was called for as the standards for prices.
- 足利義満が急死すると、4代将軍の足利義持は斯波義将に補佐され、義満に対する太上天皇の追号を辞退し、勘合貿易での明との通商を一時停止するなど義満の政策を否定し幕政を守旧的なものに改める。
- When Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA suddenly died, the fourth Shogun, Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, was supported by Yoshimasa SHIBA, and refused to bestow the posthumous name of Emperor Daijo on Yoshimitsu; he also repudiated Yoshimitsu's policies, for example by temporarily halting the tally trade with Ming China, and sought to return the bakufu government to a more conservative stance.
- 戦前は、平安時代の貴族は天皇から政治実権を奪い、京で遊興にふけった退廃的な存在としてとらえられがちだったが、戦後になり橋本義彦らによって平安期の貴族の実態が次第に明らかとされていった。
- Before the war, the nobles in the Heian Period were regarded to have seized political power from the Emperor and to have pursued a life of pleasure in Kyoto, but after the war, Yoshihiko HASHI
- 譲位を受けた淳和はもちろんこれを受け入れず、両者の間で押し問答があったが、結局、嵯峨がいったん太上天皇を辞退したうえで、あらためて淳和が嵯峨に太上天皇の称号と待遇を贈ることで決着した。
- Of course Junna who accepted the abdication did not accept this, and after serious discussions between the two, it was decided in the end that Saga was to decline the position of retired emperor and then Junna was to present the title and privileges of retired emperor to Saga.
- 同日、桐野利秋・村田新八・池上四郎は長井村から来て延岡進撃を部署し、本道で指揮したが、別働第二旅団・第三旅団・第四旅団・新撰旅団・第一旅団に敗れたので、延岡を総退却し、和田峠に依った。
- The same day Toshiaki KIRINO, Shinpachi MURATA and Shiro IKEGAMI came from Nagai-mura and made a plan of attack against Nobeoka, and they directed it at the main roads, but they failed against the Betsudo-Daini-ryodan (the second stand-alone brigade), the Daisan-ryodan (the third brigade), the Daiyon-ryodan (the fourth brigade), the Shinsen Ryodan brigade and the Daiichi-ryodan (the first brigade), and they all retreated from Nobeoka and stayed in Wada-toge.
- 執権北条時頼が執権引退後も執政を行うことから、幕府権力は執権の地位よりも北条泰時を祖とする北条氏本家(得宗家)に集中するようになり、執権が必ずしも幕府最高権力者というわけではなくなった。
- Tokiyori HOJO, regent to the Shogun, continued to manage the affairs of state even after retiring as regent, further shifting the concentration of bakufu power and authority from the position of regent to the main branch (Honke) of the Hojo clan, of whom Yasutoki HOJO was the progenitor, by which change it could no longer be said with confidence that the most powerful person in the bakufu was necessarily the regent to the Shogun.
- だが、天正4年(1576年)に押小路烏丸殿を気に入った信長は二条晴良に迫って退去させ、村井貞勝による修繕工事の後に天正7年(1579年)儲君誠仁親王の御所として提供してしまったのである。
- However, Nobunaga, who was pleased with the Oshikoji Karasumadono residence, forced Haruyoshi NIJO to move out, and used it as a palace of Crown Prince Sanehito in 1579 following repair work by Sadakatsu MURAI.
- 江戸幕府は戦国時代_(日本)の戦乱で衰退した朝廷に対しては、禁中並公家諸法度などで統制する一方、朝廷自体の衰亡は征夷大将軍があくまでも朝廷に任命されている以上、望ましい状況ではなかった。
- Although the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) controlled the Imperial Court, which had been weakened in the domestic wars, by means of the Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto, a set of regulations that applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles, a weak Imperial Court was not in the interests of the bakufu because it was the Imperial court which appointed the seii taishogun (great general who subdues the barbarians).
- しかし、時代が下るにつれて徐々に大型化するとともに、つるす部分が退化することから、最初は舌を内部につるして鳴らすものとして用いられたが、徐々に見るものへと変わっていったと考えられている。
- However, dotaku became larger and part for hanging was lost as period went forward, therefore it became an object for viewing whereas originally it was a bell with metal parts hung inside for ringing.
- 翌1899年2月20日にかつての有力会派であった三曜会(二条基弘・近衛篤麿ら)が勢力衰退により解散して朝日倶楽部と合併し、続いて懇話会の内紛で離脱した曾我祐準らも合流して22名となった。
- On February 20, 1899, Sanyo-kai (a group of the House of Peers) (Motohiro NIJO, Atsumaro KONOE and others) which was once a dominant group dissolved because of declining power, and then, it became a group of 22 member by merging with Asahi Club and being joined by Sukenori SOGA who broke from Konwa-kai (a group of the House of Peers) due to its internal conflict.
- しかし久秀は永禄10年(1567年)10月10日に興福寺に布陣していた三好軍を奇襲して東大寺大仏殿を焼き払って三好三人衆を撃退する(東大寺大仏殿の戦い)など、一進一退の攻防が続けられた。
- However, Hisahide attacked the Miyoshi's army which was lined up at the Kofuku-ji Temple on October 10, 1567, and fought off them by setting a fire to the Daibutsu-den Hall (the Great Buddha hall) of Todai-ji Temple (warrior clashes at the Great Buddha Hall of Todai-ji temple); the battle was a seesaw war.
- 秀吉もこれに賛同して、晴季と玄以は早速先に引退していた信輔の父・近衛前久(元関白・太政大臣)に対して秀吉を前久の猶子として関白を継がせ、将来的には信輔を後継として関白職を譲る案を提示した。
- Hideyoshi agreed with the recommendation, and then, Harusue and Geni proposed to Nobusuke's retired father, Sakihisa KONOE (former Kanpaku and Dajodaijin), that Hideyoshi be adopted by Sakihisa and be appointed to Kanpaku, and that the position of Kanpaku be given in the future to Nobusuke as Hideyoshi's successor.
- 西園寺が自由民権運動に加担することは政府や宮中で物議を呼び、内大臣岩倉具視が働きかけた明治天皇の内勅により退社を余儀なくされ、東洋自由新聞は4月30日発行の第34号にて廃刊に追い込まれた。
- Saionji's involvement in the Democratic Rights Movement became controversial in the government as well as in the Imperial Court, and he was forced to resign from the company because of a private ordinance of Emperor Meiji's that was set up by Minister of the Imperial Household, Tomomi IWAKURA, and Toyo Jiyu Shinbun was forced to shut down after publishing the 34th issue on April 30.
- 公判自体は滝川自身の監禁に対する証言の曖昧さもあって、1959年大阪高等裁判所での控訴判決により確定し、被告2名のうち1名の暴行罪のみを認定した(両名の不退去罪および傷害罪は無罪となった)。
- Because there were unclear points in Takigawa's testimony of his capture during the hearing, the sentence was decided after an appeal to the Osaka Higher Court in 1959, with one of the two defendants being accused of assault (both were acquitted of forcible detainment and inflicting bodily injury).
- 酒呑童子の一味による被害があまりにも大きく、源頼光が鬼退治に行くこととなり、配下の頼光四天王(渡辺綱・坂田金時・碓井貞光・卜部季武)や友人の藤原保昌ら、総勢五十数名とともに大江山に向かった。
- The damage inflicted by Shuten Doji and his gang was very severe, which prompted MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu to go on a mission to exterminate the oni; together with his main followers, the Four Great Warriors of Yorimitsu (WATANABE no Tsuna, SAKATA no Kintoki, Sadamitsu USUI, and URABE no Suetake) and other friends including FUJIWARA no Yasumasa, he set out for Mt. Oe leading a force of more than fifty warriors in total.
- これは、1959年に近畿地方を襲った伊勢湾台風がそれまで覆っていた森林を破壊し、その木々が流出したことによりそれまで地面に自生していたコケ類が衰退、代わって、ササ類が繁茂し始めたためである。
- Behind these, forests were destroyed and trees were washed away by Isewan Typhoon which hit the Kinki region in 1959, and bamboo started to grow thickly instead of moss which had been growing naturally on the ground.
- 室町時代に最初の最盛期を迎えたが、やがて天童氏など同族内の争いが絶えず起こったために衰退し、最上義定の頃の1514年(永正11)には伊達氏と長谷堂城で戦って敗北し、一時は伊達氏の配下になる。
- Although it reached the high watermark in the Muromachi period, it came to decline due to frequent inter-clan conflicts, such as one with the Tendo clan, and Yoshisada MOGAMI was defeated by the Date clan in the battle of Hasedo-jo Castle in 1514 and became under control of the Date clan temporarily.
- 政治史的立場から見ると、東大寺は、鎮護国家の思いをこめられて創建され、二度の戦乱や羅災などで衰退の危機にあっては、王朝や幕府の力を借りつつも、勧進をするとこによって、その大伽藍を保ってきた。
- Seen from a viewpoint of political history, Todai-ji Temple was founded expecting protection of the nation by belief, and even in crises of decline due to two wars and natural disasters, Todai-ji Temple tried to maintain its large temple complex by soliciting contributions with support from the dynasty and the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 1907年1月、陸羯南の発行していた新聞日本 (新聞)が経営難に陥り、陸羯南が社長を退いたことで社員の多くが新社長・伊藤欽亮の経営第一主義に反発し、羯南の盟友であった三宅の『日本人』に合流。
- In January 1907, Shinbun Nihon (a newspaper) fell into financial difficulties and when the president Katsunan KUGA resigned, many of the employees revolted against the profit-chasing style of Kinsuke ITO, the new president, and joined 'Nihonjin' edited by MIYAKE, who was a close friend of Katsunan.
- 当時、武士の台頭や僧兵の横暴、公家勢力の後退などによる社会不安、天変地異・疫病・火災などの自然災害を経験した人びとは、はっきりと末法を意識するようになり、無常観や厭世観がかき立てられていった。
- The people who experienced public fear owing to the appearance of samurai, despotic acts by armed priest, a down fallen court noble force, and natural disasters such as extraordinary natural phenomenon, epidemics, fire became clearly aware of Mappo, and the concept of the impermanence or a pessimistic view of life among the population was intensified.
- ちなみに、大宅世継は作中で自分は清和天皇が退位した年の1月15日 (旧暦)生まれだと発言しており、彼の生年月日は貞観_(日本)18年1月15日(ユリウス暦876年2月13日)ということになる。
- Additionally, OYAKE no Yotsugi mentioned in the work that he was born on January 15 of the year of Emperor Seiwa's abdication, making his date of birth February 13, 876 (in the Julian calendar).
- 執権北条時宗の代に2度に渡る元寇があり、鎌倉幕府はこれを撃退したが、他国との戦役であり新たに領土を得たわけではなかったため、十分な恩賞を与えることができず、これもまた武士たちの不満を強めさせた。
- During the time of the regent Tokimune HOJO, Japan was twice invaded by the Mongols, and although the Kamakura bakufu managed to repel both invasions, it was an international conflict and thus there was no enemy land to confiscate and award to their soldiers, leaving them unable to provide suitable rewards, something that only strengthened malcontent among the warrior class.
- そのためヤマト(倭国)内の農業開発が停滞し、ヤマト王権とその傘下の豪族達の経済力・政治力が後退したと考えられており、6世紀前半までのヤマト王統の混乱はこの経済力・政治力の後退に起因するとされる。
- For this reason, it is thought that agricultural development in Yamato (Wakoku) remained stagnant, weakening the Yamato Kingdom and the ruling elite under their jurisdiction, a situation that existed until the beginning of the sixth century.
- 摂関家は保元の乱によって藤原忠実の知行国・頼長の所領が没収された上に、家人として荘園管理の武力を担っていた源為義が処刑されたことで各地の荘園で紛争が激化するなど、その勢力を大きく後退させていた。
- This branch of regents and advisors had suffered the confiscation of FUJIWARA no Tadazane's chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom) as well as Yorinaga's territories due to the Hogen Rebellion, and worse yet the execution of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, a retainer on whose military strength they had increasingly come to rely to manage their shoen properties; as a result, their power had greatly waned, as evidenced by the disputes over ownership of their lands escalating all over the country.
- その後、一色義直が第八代将軍・足利義政の信任を受けるが、1467年の応仁の乱では細川勝元の東軍に与した若狭武田氏との反目から山名宗全の西軍に与して敗れたため、次第に衰退の一途をたどるようになる。
- Then, Yoshinao ISSHIKI gained the confidence of the eighth-generation shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, but in the turmoil of the Onin War in 1467 the Isshiki clan belonged to the Western army led by Sozen YAMANA because the clan was opposed to Wakasa-Takeda clan, which belonged to the Eastern army led by Katsumoto HOSOKAWA; this resulted in the defeat of the Western army, and thereafter the clan gradually weakened.
- そんな中、商人による大判の退蔵が行われ大判の調達に不足をきたし、その後、文政小判に対し二十両、天保小判に対し三十二両まで高騰していた大判相場が、天保大判の発行により下落し二十両二分で落ち着いた。
- Under such a circumstance, merchants stored the Oban away, which led to a lack of Oban available, and later the Oban prices which had climbed to twenty-ryo to Bunsei-Koban and thirty two-ryo to Tenpo-Koban were lowered and settled at twenty-ryo two-bu because of the issuance of Tenpo-Oban.
- 辞退の真因に関しては各説あるが、近衛が親近感をもっていた大日本帝国陸軍皇道派の勢力が相沢事件とそれに続く二・二六事件により失墜していたことから、政権運営の困難を感じていたのではないかとの説がある。
- There are various theories about the true reasons for his refusal, but according to one theory, he might have realized that the government would be difficult to handle following the defeat of the Army's ultranationalist Kodaha (Imperial Way) faction in the Aizawa Incident and the February 26 Incident that followed it.
- それでも政盛の孫の高梨政頼の頃まで独立性を保ってきたが、村上氏を撃破した甲斐国の武田信玄の侵攻を受け、弘治 (日本)年間(1555 - 1558)に本拠地中野郷から信越国境に近い飯山郷まで後退した。
- Until the time of Masayori TAKANASHI, a grandson of Masamori, the Takanashi clan remained independent, but Shingen TAKEDA, of Kai Province, who had destroyed the Murakami clan, invaded the land of the Takanashi clan and they retreated to the Iiyama area close to the boundary of Shinano and Echigo from Nakano, the base, between 1555 and 1558.
- この35年後の長禄2年(1458年)5月8日、今度は教綱が、和睦を口実に宇都宮城に招かれたところを殺害され、藤姓塩谷氏は衰退する(5月13日に宇都宮城からの帰りの氏家町で討たれたと記す文献もあり)。
- Thirty-five years later, on June 27, 1458, when Noritsuna was invited to Utsunomiya-jo Castle under the pretense of reconciliation, he was killed, whereupon the SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family entered a decline (there is also a document asserting that he was killed on July 2 in Ujiie-machi, on his way back from Utsunomiya-jo Castle).
- 天平勝宝元年7月2日(749年8月19日)、娘の阿倍内親王(孝謙天皇)に譲位(一説には自らを「三宝の奴」と称した天皇が独断で出家してしまい、それを受けた朝廷が慌てて退位の手続を取ったともいわれる)。
- On August 23, 749, he ceded the Imperial Throne to his daughter, Imperial Princess Abe (Empress Koken), (according to a theory, the Emperor who called himself 'Sanpo no Yakko' (a servant to Sanpo, three treasures of Buddhism: Buddha, sutras and priesthood) entered priesthood at his own discretion and in response to this, the Imperial Court hastily took the procedure of abdication of the Emperor).
- 本願寺は依然として雑賀衆などの支援を集めつつ強勢を保ったが、次第に敵中に孤立していき、1580年、ついに正親町天皇の勅命を引き出した信長に屈して石山本願寺を退去し、領主権力としての本願寺は消滅した。
- Hongan-ji Temple retained its predominance by gaining support from Saikashu, but gradually it was isolated in the midst of enemies, ultimately succumbing to Nobunaga, who withdrew imperial command from the Emperor Ogimachi and left Ishiyama Honganji Temple in 1580, whereby Hongan-ji Temple as seigniory was extinguished.
- もともと近年クウェート政界ではサリーム系王族よりもジャービル系王族の方が優位に立ちつつあったが、サアドの即位にあたって、ジャービル系王族を中心に、執務不可能を理由にサアドに退位を求める声があがった。
- In recent years, in the Kuwait political field, Jabir line royal family members had superiority over Salim line members, and upon Saad's ascension, there was a voice mainly from the Jabir line royal family members for Saad to abdicate because of his not being able to execute his duties.
- 幕末、にわかに政治の中心地となった京都は人口が膨れ上がりかつてない活況を見せたものの、禁門の変で街の多くが焼けたのに加え、明治維新後に皇室・公家の大半が東京へ移り住んだため、一転急速な衰退を見せた。
- At the end of the Edo period, Kyoto City suddenly became the political center and thrived more than ever with the explosive growth in population, but soon it fell into decline because a large part of the city was burned down in the Kinmon Rebellion; moreover, several members of the Imperial Family and court nobles moved to Tokyo.
- 続いて顕証寺蓮淳が先に実如が退避した堅田本福寺の明宗に不正ありと上申して破門処分となった(ただし蓮淳の場合には、別の意図により起こしたもので実際には本福寺は冤罪であったとされている(詳細は後述))。
- Then, Renjun of Kensho-ji Temple reported to hoshu that Meiso of Katata Honpuku-ji Temple, where Jitsunyo evacuated, was doing wrong and Meiso was excommunicated (Renjun did it for another purpose and Honpuku-ji Temple is said to have suffered a false charge; the details are mentioned later).
- しかし、元寇が起こると、その撃退に宇佐神宮などの寺社の祈祷が功を奏したと考えられたため、1281年(弘安4年)には、寺社に領地を返還することを命じる神領興行法が発せられ、田染荘は宇佐神宮に返還された。
- However, Tashibu Manor was returned to Usa-jinja Shrine due to a shinryo kogyo ho (shrine estate recovery act) ordering the return of territories to Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines which was made in 1281 because it was thought that the prayers of temples and shrines such as Usa-jinja Shrine contributed to repeling the Mongol invasions of Japan.
- 更に寛文8年(1668年)に入ると、京都所司代牧野親成の退任も決まり、これを機に所司代が担当していた京都市中に対する民政部門を統合して京都奉行が成立し、宮崎は初代東町奉行・雨宮は初代西町奉行となった。
- In 1668, Chikashige MAKINO of Kyoto Shoshidai decided to step down, and upon his departure, Kyoto Magistrate was founded by absorbing the civil administration division that had been managed by the Shoshidai, with Miyazaki becoming the first Higashimachi Magistrate and Amemiya becoming the first Nishimachi Magistrate.
- さらに谷川によると、朝廷の伝統的な蝦夷統治の政策は、「蝦夷をもって蝦夷を制す」であったそうで、もともと蝦夷の神であったアラハバキを多賀城を守るための塞の神として配し、蝦夷を撃退しようとしていたという。
- Additionally, according to Tanigawa, the traditional Emishi control strategy of the court was 'use the Emishi to control the Emishi,' and they used Arahabaki, which was originally an Emishi god, to protect Taga-jo Castle as a sae no kami and tried to ward off the Emishi.
- 秀吉は諸勢力の調略や牽制もあり、一時京都に兵を退いていたが、翌月にはこれらへの攻撃を再開、2月中旬には峯城・亀山城と一益の本拠である長島城を攻撃し、亀山城は3月3日 (旧暦)(4月24日)に開城した。
- After a temporary withdrawal of his army to Kyoto due to diplomatic maneuverings and diversions to other powers, Hideyoshi resumed the attack next month, followed by attacks in the middle of March on Nagashima-jo Castle, a base of Kazumasu, along with Mine-jo Castle and Kameyama-jo Castle, leading to the surrender of Kameyama-jo Castle on April 24.
- 朝田は三木府連だけでなく、同様に文化厚生会館に事務局を置いており三木と関係の深かった部落問題研究所や全国同和教育研究協議会(全同教)にも、一時府連が会館を管理すると告げ、事務局員を退去させる挙に出た。
- Asada told not only Miki Furen, but also the Institute of Buraku Problem, which was closely tied to Miki and had their office in the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall, and Zenkoku dowa kyoiku kenkyu kyogikai, the National Research Council for Dowa Education (Zendokyo) that the Kyoto Federation was temporarily in charge of the Hall, dismissing the staff from the Hall.
- これに応えて試衛館派、水戸派、殿内以下、根岸友山一派などが京の壬生村に残ったが、根岸派は直後に脱退、殿内・家里は排斥され、同年3月、新選組の前身である「壬生浪士組」(「精忠浪士組」とも)が結成される。
- In response to this, the Shiei-kan and Mito Parties, along with Yuzan NEGISHI and his group controlled by TONOUCHI, remained in Mibu Village of Kyoto, but the NEGISHI party withdrew immediately afterwards, TONOUCHI and IESATO were excluded, and in March of the same year 'Mibu Roshi-gumi' (also known as 'Seichu Roshi-gumi') was formed.
- ただし、坂本や中岡にとっては、恨みの対象は徳川家ではなく、上士・郷士という差別を生み出した幕藩体制そのものにあり、彼らは怨恨を越えて後藤象二郎、板垣退助といった上士と手を組み、幕府に大政奉還を促した。
- However, for Sakamoto and Nakaoka the target of their hard feelings was not the Tokugawa family but the bakuhan system, which had given birth to the discrimination between the Joshi and Goshi; they conquered such feelings and cooperated with Joshi such as Shojiro GOTO, Taisuke ITAGAKI, etc., and urged Bakufu to restore imperial rule.
- 当時土佐藩士として戦いに参加し、のちに宮内大臣や内閣書記官長などを歴任した田中光顕は、錦の御旗を知らしめただけで前線の幕府兵達が「このままでは朝敵になってしまう」と青ざめて退却する場面を目撃している。
- Mitsuaki TANAKA, who joined the war as a retainer of the Tosa clan and later became Minister of the Imperial Households and Secretary of the Cabinet, witnessed the white-faced soldiers of the Edo shogunate retreating at the sight of the Imperial standards in the battle fields, saying, 'We'd better stop fighting, otherwise we will become the enemy of the Emperor.'
- 明治7年1月14日夜、公務を終え、赤坂の仮皇居(前年の火災により赤坂離宮を皇居としていた)から退出して自宅へ帰る途中だった岩倉の馬車が、赤坂喰違坂にさしかかった際、襲撃者たちがいっせいに岩倉を襲った。
- At the night of January 14, 1874, when Iwakura finished his work and left the temporal imperial palace to his home (they used the Akasaka Palace as the Imperial Palace because of the fire in previous year), he was attacked by assailants when his hose-drawn buggy reached to Kuichigaizaka, Akasaka.
- 天文 (元号)10年(1541年)、尼子晴久率いる尼子軍が毛利氏の本拠である吉田郡山城を30,000の兵で攻めたものの、毛利軍の3,000の兵と大内軍の援軍によって撃退された(吉田郡山城の戦いを参照)。
- In 1541, the Amago army under the command of Haruhisa AMAGO attacked Yoshida Koriyama-jo Castle, the base of the Mori clan, with 30,000 men; however, he was repelled by the 3,000 strong Mori army with reinforcements from the Ouchi clan (See Siege of Koriyama)
- 摂関政治や院政などの新しい政治形態の出現、班田制の衰退と荘園の発展、律令法的身分秩序の解体などにみられる各種の歴史上の変化によって、律令法に基づく新しい慣習法が律令法の各分野で形成されてきた結果である。
- This is a result of new common laws being formed in various areas of ritsuryo law, due to a variety of historical changes such as the emergence of new political formats like sekkan seiji (politics of regents and advisers) and insei (rule by a retired Emperor), decline of ancient farmland allotment and accepting system and development of manors, and dismantling of the class system under ritsuryo law.
- 義満の死後には朝廷から「鹿苑院太上法皇」の称号を贈られるが、4代将軍となった子の義持は斯波義将らの反対もあり辞退している(その一方で相国寺は受け入れたらしく、過去帳に「鹿苑院太上天皇」と記されている)。
- After the death of Yoshimitsu, the title 'Rokuonin Daijohoo (Cloistered Emperor)' was granted from the Imperial Court, but his son Yoshimochi, who became the fourth Shogun, declined the offer partly because Yoshiyuki (Yoshimasa) SHIBA and others opposed accepting the title (on the other hand, his family temple, Shokoku-ji Temple seems to have accepted the title and therefore, Yoshimitsu's name is registered as 'Rokuonin Daijo Tenno' in the temple's death register).
- ただし、上級貴族の反発に加えて、入学年齢を17歳から引き下げたこと、更に学令で定められた9年間よりも短い4年間の就学を経た上での事実上の中退を認めたことから大学寮側からの反発もあり、812年に撤回された。
- The imperial decree, however, was withdrawn in 812 due to backlashes from Daigaku-ryo against a change in school entrance age from 17 years old to 10 years old and against the approval of de facto dropouts after four-year schooling, shorter than the dropout after the nine-year schooling specified by the provision of Gakuryo, as well as objections from high-ranking nobles.
- 塩谷氏は、重興塩谷氏の時代に入り、永禄7年(1564年)10月7日に、義孝が弟の塩谷孝信に殺害され川崎城を奪われて以降内紛が続き、天正18年(1590年)には、家臣の岡本正親に独立されるなど衰退していく。
- As for the SHIONOYA clan, during the period of the Juko SHIONOYA clan Yoshitaka was killed by his younger brother Takanobu SHIONOYA on November 20, 1564 and Kawasaki-jo Castle was overtaken, after which internal troubles continued, and in 1590 the retainer Masachika OKAMOTO became independent, etc., and the clan declined.
- 慶応3年(1867年)5月、江戸に下って上野の寛永寺に入り、同月慈性入道親王の隠退に伴って三山管領宮(寛永寺貫主・日光輪王寺門跡・天台座主(正確には比叡山延暦寺座主)を兼ね、東叡大王ともいう)を継承した。
- In June 1867, he traveled down to Edo and entered Kanei-ji Temple in Ueno, then succeeded to Sanzan Kanryo no miya (also called Toei Daio and serve as chief priest of Kanei-ji Temple, Nikko Rinno-ji Temple Monzeki (head priest), Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) (to be precise, zasu (temple's head priest)of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei) at the same time) along with the retirement of Imperial Prince and Monk Jisho in the same month.
- 8月23日 (旧暦)の敦良親王立太子式から2週間後、内裏から壺切が授けられたが、敦明親王立太子の際にはこれを授けることを拒み、ついに敦明親王は立太子から辞退までの1年半、壺切を受けることがなかったのである。
- Two weeks after the ceremonial investiture of the Crown Prince held for Imperial Prince Atsunaga on October 2, the sword Tsubokiri was given to him from the Imperial Palace; however, at the time of investiture of the Crown Prince held for Imperial Prince Atsuakira, he refused to accept the sword Tsubokiri, and as a result, Imperial Prince Atsuakira did not receive the sword Tsubokiri during a period of one and half years from the investiture of the Crown Prince to his withdrawal from being the Crown Prince.
- この間に上杉勢援軍との小競り合いや更なる増援の報に接し、家康は援軍(井伊直政(一部部隊は当初より参陣)、大須賀康高、松平康重の5000)を出すと共に一時撤退を下令、これを受け徳川軍は28日に上田より撤退した。
- During this time, upon skirmishes against reinforcements of the Uesugi Army and news of additional reinforcements, Ieyasu delivered reinforcements (5000 soldiers led by Naomasa II (some troops joined the battle from the beginning), Yasutaka OSUGA, and Yasushige MATSUDAIRA) while ordering a temporary retreat, and as a result, Tokugawa's army retreated from Ueda on October 21.
- この間、遷都しなくても衰退の心配がない浪華(大坂)よりも、世界の大都市のひとつであり、帝都にしなければ市民が離散してさびれてしまう江戸のほうに遷都すべきだとする前島密による「江戸遷都論」が大久保に届けられた。
- During this time an argument for transferring the capital to Edo was received from Hisaka MAEJIMA to Okubo who believed that more important than transferring the capital to Naniwa (Osaka), which was not in danger of decline, the capital should be transferred to Edo, one of the largest cities, because if it wasn't made the imperial capital the citizens would break up and Edo would crumble.
- その後、本福寺が用意した蓮如・実如が退避していた御坊は「大坂一乱」で対立法主に立てられて追放された実賢が復帰を許された際に与えられて一門寺院の一つとして独立して称徳寺と改称した(後年に慈敬寺と再び改名する)。
- Later, the gobo prepared by Honpuku-ji Temple as an evacuation of Rennyo and Jitsunyo was given to Jitsugen, who had been banished for being selected as the opposing hoshu during 'Osaka ichiran,' when he was allowed to return, and it became independent as one of the family temples and renamed Shotoku-ji Temple (later renamed Jikei-ji Temple).
- 一代限りの身分ではあるが、実際には引退に際し子弟や縁者を後継者とすることで世襲は可能であり、また薄給ながら生活を維持できるため、後にその権利が「株」として売買され、富裕な農民・商人の次・三男の就職口ともなった。
- The status of ashigaru was restricted to a single generation but in actuality could be inherited by a child or relative upon retirement and, this right later went on to be bought and sold as 'kabu' and also became a position of employment for the second and third sons of wealthy farmers and merchants, because they could make their living by being an ashigaru although their salaries were low.
- ヤマト王権は百済との友好関係を基盤として朝鮮半島南部に経済基盤・政治基盤を築いていたが、半島における百済勢力の後退によりヤマト王権が保持していた半島南部の基盤が弱体化し、このことが鉄資源の輸入減少をもたらした。
- The Yamato Kingdom maintained an economic and political base in southern Korea owing to their friendly relationship with Baekje, but as Baekje's power diminished, this base weakened, leading to a decline in iron imports.
- 大阪会議(おおさかかいぎ)は、明治8年(1875年)2月11日に明治政府の要人である大久保利通・木戸孝允・板垣退助らが大阪府に集い、今後の政府の方針(立憲政治の樹立)および参議就任等の案件について協議した会議。
- The Osaka Conference is a meeting which took place in Osaka Prefecture on February 11, 1875 and where the dignitaries of the Meiji government, Toshimichi OKUBO, Takayoshi KIDO and Taisuke ITAGAKI, got together to discuss the government's prospective policy (the establishment of constitutional government) and the appointment of Sangi (councillors).
- その後新政から離反した尊氏が北朝 (日本)を立て、南北朝時代 (日本)となると、京都争奪戦が何度も行われる(南北朝分裂以後、南朝 (日本)による京都占領は4度行われたが、いずれも短期間で足利軍に撃退されている)。
- Takauji, who distanced himself from the restoration, subsequently established the Northern Court (Japan), and numerous battles for control of Kyoto broke out during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) (following the division into the Northern Court and Southern Court, the Southern Court (Japan) occupied Kyoto on four occasions but was repelled by the Ashikaga army within a short space of time).
- 尚、この上田合戦に連動して天正13年(1585年)9月から天正14年(1586年)5月まで間、沼田城にも北条氏が数回に渡って攻撃を仕掛けていたが、昌幸の叔父にあたる城代矢沢頼綱(矢沢頼康の父)が撃退に成功している。
- From October 1585 to June 1586, in conjunction with the Battle of Ueda, the Hojo clan attacked Numata-jo Castle several times, but Masayuki's uncle Jodai (the keeper of castle) Yoritsuna YAZAWA (father of Yoriyasu YAZAWA) succeeded to fight them off.
- 一条は、伊周の失脚を嘆いて内裏を退出し出家していた定子をあえて再度入内させて世人の批判を浴びるほど定子を深く愛しており、彰子の立后には消極的であったが、長い逡巡の末、周囲の説得もあってついに道長の意向を受け入れた。
- Ichijo loved Teishi who moaned about the downfall of Korechika, retired from the Imperial Palace and entered into priesthood so much that he had her enter into court again regardless of criticism of people, and although he was reluctant to the investiture of the Empress to Akiko, he was persuaded by those around him to accept the intention of Michinaga in the end.
- 元禄10年(1697年)4月に11年(1698年)3月限りで通用停止とする触書を出したが、引換が進捗せず退蔵する者が多かったため、11年1月に通用を12年(1699年)3月限りと改めたが、通用停止には至らなかった。
- In May 1697, furegaki (bakufu orders) saying Hyodo kahei was to be uncurrent by March of Genroku 11 (in lunar calender, which was April 1698) was issued, however, there were many people who stored away as exchange didn't progress, and in December 13, bakufu changed the date to March of Genroku 12 (in lunar calender, which was March 1699), though it couldn't make it uncurrent.
- 京都大学では1970年代になって全国的に学生運動が退潮期に入っても、なお学生寮(自治寮)や一部の学部自治会、京都大学西部講堂などを拠点として運動が一定の勢力を保ち続け、「日本のガラパゴス」と呼ばれる状況を呈していた。
- In the 1970's when student movements declined around the nation, student movements at Kyoto University were still active using dormitories (autonomous dormitories), some college councils and the west auditorium of Kyoto University as the base of their activity, and such situations were dubbed 'Japanese Galapagos.'
- しかし、1170年以降、マネーサプライの増大とそれがもたらしたインフレーションの結果、貴族たちは、賃貸していた土地や財産を取り戻すとともに、文字どおり減退してしまった現金支払の固定価値と同等の労役を再び課していった。
- However, after 1170, money supply increased and thus inflation happened and as a result, the aristocrats came to impose the same labor service as the fixed value of paying cash which was literally diminished as well as regaining the leased lands and assets.
- 後一条天皇の時、皇太子敦明親王が皇太子辞退を申し出ると、親王の男子(三条天皇の孫)に特に親王の称号を許して以後厳密な規定がされなくなり、孫以下の皇親でも天皇の養子縁組・猶子となって親王の待遇を受ける事が可能となった。
- When Crown Prince Atsuakira requested to withdraw from the crown princeship during the reign of Emperor Goichijo, the title of imperial prince was specially granted to the crown prince's son (grandson of Emperor Sanjo), lifting the strict measures regarding entitlement and allowing Koshin two generations and beyond to be able to receive the rights granted to imperial princes by becoming the adopted child of an emperor.
- 皇女正子内親王を大伴に嫁がせたこともそうであるが、その最大のものは、弘仁14年(824年)に大伴に譲位するに際して、もともと天皇が譲位とともに自動的にその地位につくものとされていた太上天皇の地位を辞退したことである。
- One sign was to wed his princess, Imperial Princess Masako to Otomo, but the most significant was when he abdicated the throne to Otomo in 824, he declined the position of Retired Emperor even if it was a position automatically assumed to be taken up by the abdicating emperor.
- 前年明治6年(1873年)10月に政府内で起きたいわゆる征韓論争に敗れた征韓派参議の西郷隆盛・江藤新平・板垣退助らが下野したことは、征韓論に期するところのあった不平士族らにとって、いっそうの不満を高めることとなった。
- The resignation of Seikan-ha (supporters of sending army to Korea) Sangi (councilors), including Takamori SAIGO, Shinpei ETO and Taisuke ITAGAI, who were defeated at the Seikan Ronsou (debate on subjugation of Korea) occured in October 1873, made fuhei shizoku (former samurai with gripes) even more frustrated since they looked forward to conquer Korea.
- (訳;秀吉が死に(明と日本は停戦したため)、我が軍(明の軍隊)が全て撤退すると、朝鮮は日本を甚だしく恐れ、日本と友好関係を結びたいと考えたが、その一方で(日本と国交を結ぶことで)明の機嫌を損ねるのではないかと恐れた)。
- A translation: Hideyoshi died (and the war between the Ming and Japan stopped), and all of our troops (Ming troops) had been pulled out, and then Korea came to fear Japan exceedingly and came to consider establishing a good relationship with Japan, but on the other hand, Korea feared that the establishment of diplomatic relations might anger the Ming.
- 三村家親は、出雲国尼子氏に代わって中国地方の覇者となった安芸国毛利氏に接近し勢力を備前国、美作国に広げたものの、備前浦上氏の傘下の宇喜多直家により家親が暗殺され、つづく明善寺合戦において三村氏は敗退、その勢力は衰えた。
- Although Iechika MIMURA, by approaching the Mori clan in Aki Province, who ruled the Chugoku region in place of the Amago clan in Izumo Province, expanded his territories to Bizen Province and Mimasaka Province, he was assassinated by Naoie UKITA, who was under the Urakami clan in Bizen, followed by the Mimura clan's loss at the Battle of Myozen-ji Temple and their decline.
- やがて、尊氏と南朝が再度対立して南朝軍が京都からの撤退を余儀なくされると、南朝軍は光厳・光明天皇・崇光の3太上天皇と廃太子直仁親王は南朝の本拠である大和国吉野に連行され、続いて賀名生(現在の奈良県五條市)に幽閉された。
- Soon after, the Southern court army was forced to move out of Kyoto due to the opposition between Takauji and the Southern court; the Southern court army with Emperor Kogon, Emperor Komyo, the Retired three Emperors of Suko, the abolished Imperial Prince Naohito were taken to Yoshino, Yamato Province; the base of the southern court, and they were confined in Ano (present-day Gojo City, Nara Prefecture).
- また、天智天皇紀と天武天皇紀の間で大海人皇子を「皇太子」「皇太弟」「東宮」とばらばらの用語で表現しており、大海人皇子が皇位を辞退して出家した場面が巻をへだてて2度出てくる点も、改定時の整理が不十分だったためだと考える。
- Ban also pointed out other evidences that revision was not organized properly; for example, Prince Oama was variously referred to as 'kotaishi (crown prince),' 'kotaitei (the younger brother of an Emperor who is heir apparent),' or 'togu' in Tenchi Tenno ki and Tenmu Tenno ki, and a story that Prince Oama declined the Imperial Throne and became a priest appeared twice in different volumes.
- 第4代当主・足利泰氏は幕府に無断で出家(一説では、謀反の疑いがあったとされるが真偽は不明である)・引退し、第5代当主・足利頼氏と上杉重房の娘の間に生まれた第6代当主・足利家時は霜月騒動に関連して自害したと言われている。
- The fourth family head Yasuuji ASHIKAGA retired and entered the priesthood without any permission from the Shogunate (one theory, unsupported by evidence, says he did so because of a charge of rebellion), and the sixth family head Ietoki ASHIKAGA, born to the fifth head Yoriuji ASHIKAGA and a daughter of Shigefusa UESUGI, is said to have committed suicide because of his involvement in the Shimotsuki Disturbance.
- しかし、寿永2年(1183年)5月に源義仲の軍が北陸から一気に京へ進軍すると、義仲軍に主力を壊滅させられていた平氏は、ついに安徳天皇を伴って京を脱出し大宰府に下向するが、豊後の武士・緒方維栄に撃退され屋島にたどり着いた。
- However, in May 1183, MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka's troops swept into Kyoto from Hokuriku, and the Taira clan, whose main forces were crushed by Yoshinaka's troops, finally decided to escape Kyoto and headed towards Dazaifu accompanied by Emperor Antoku, but were repelled by Koreyoshi OGATA, a bushi of Bungo and landed on Yashima Island.
- この体制は尊皇攘夷・長州藩への対抗を通じて形成され、八月十八日の政変以降、尊皇攘夷派が退潮し、さらに公武合体論に基づく有力諸侯による参預会議が崩壊したのち、王政復古の大号令による倒幕派クーデタまでの京都政界をほぼ支配した。
- At first the group had been formed to counter the group of Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) and the Choshu clan; after the Sonno Joi group had been purged by the August 18 Coup (the Bunkyu Coup of 1863), the powerful lords including the three of the Ichikaiso Government participated in the Sanyo-kaigi (the Councilor Council in the Court) which had been set up so that the Tokugawa Shogunate and the Imperial Court cooperate on dealing with impending matters; although the Sanyo-kaigi was unraveled soon, the three politicians had maintained their power and dominated over the politics in Kyoto until the Overthrow of the Shogunate and the Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule (1867).
- 翌9日未明、公卿たちが退廷した後、待機していた薩摩藩・芸州藩・尾張藩など5藩の軍が御所9門を固め、摂政二条斉敬をはじめ要人の御所への立ち入りを禁止した後、明治天皇臨御の下、御所内学問所において王政復古の大号令が発せられた。
- Before the dawn of the next day, the court nobles left the court and the armies of five domains, such as Satsuma Domain, Geishu Domain and Owari Domain, who had been on standby, guarded the nine gates of the Imperial Palace to prohibit Nariyuki NIJO and other government officials from entering the Imperial Palace, then the Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule was announced at the Emperor's study room inside the Imperial Palace under the presence of the Emperor Meiji.
- その内容は、竹の中から生まれた少女が、領主の息子たちから求婚を受けたが難題をつけて退け、かねてより想いを寄せていた男性と結ばれるという話だが、中でも求婚の部分は宝物の数、内容、男性側のやりとりや結末などが非常に酷似している。
- The story is that a girl being born from a bamboo shoot comes to be asked to marry by sons of a feudal lord, but she refuses them giving difficult tasks, and she is wedded to a man whom she has loved for a long time in the end; especially the number of treasures in the scene of courtship, the treasures themselves, conversation with the men, and the ending are quite similar to Taketori Monogatari.
- 上横手雅敬は、一時的に東国を失った朝廷(公家政権)が本宣旨によって東国を回復したのであり、独立した権力を構築しつつあった東国政権は朝廷に併合され、その権力を大きく後退させたとし、本宣旨は朝廷による東国政権併合条約だったとみる。
- Masataka UWAYOKOTE regards this decree as the Togoku government merger treaty by the Imperial Court (the Kuge Government) because the Imperial Court, which had lost Togoku for a while, restored Togoku by this decree, and the Togoku government, which had been building an independent right, was annexed to the Imperial Court and its authority remarkably receded.
- 李氏朝鮮では前年に世宗 (朝鮮王)が即位していたが、実権は太宗 (朝鮮王)が握っており、太宗は倭寇撃退を名目にした対馬遠征を決め、永楽17年(西暦1419年)6月、李従茂率いる227隻、17,285名の軍勢を対馬に侵攻させた。
- With King Sejong the Great having ascended to the throne in Joseon Korea only the previous year (1418), former King Taejong still held de facto power, and it was Taejong who decided to launch an expedition against Tsushima in June 1419 under the pretext of pacifying the Wako, dispatching a fleet of 227 ships and 17,285 soldiers to invade Tsushima, with general YI Jong Mu in command.
- 物語における為朝は、保元の乱における記述だけに話をしぼっても、まさしく一騎当千の勇者であり、その強弓で馬ごと鎧武者を打ち抜き、わずか28騎の手勢のみで、清盛率いる600余騎、義朝率いる250余騎を退けるという活躍を見せている。
- Tametomo in the tale is depicted as an invincible warrior even in the scenes of Hogen Disturbance, and Tametomo plays an active part, shooting an armored warrior and the horse together with his strong bow and making Kiyomori's more than 600 warriors on horseback and Yoshitomo's more than 250 warriors on horseback retreat with his only 28 warriors on horseback.
- しかし、翌文禄元年(1592年)に顕如が没すると、石山本願寺退去時の信長への対応をめぐって顕如と意見の食い違いがあった長男の教如(強硬派)に代わり、三男の准如(和睦派)が12世門主に立てられることになった(次男は興正寺顕尊)。
- However, when Kennyo died the following year, it was his third son, Junnyo (an accommodationist) not his eldest son, Kyonyo, a hard-liner who held different opinions from Kennyo regarding Nobunaga at the time of leaving Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, who became the twelfth head priest. (The second son was Kenson of Kosho-ji Temple.)
- しかしながら、続く平城天皇朝の大同2年(807年)に当時政権№2,3の座にあった、藤原雄友(是公の子:大納言)・藤原乙叡(継縄の子:中納言)が伊予親王の変により失脚し、仲麻呂に続き、豊成・乙麻呂の系統も中央貴族としては衰退した。
- However, in 807, during the era of Emperor Heijo, FUJIWARA no Otomo (son of the Korekimi, or Dainagon (chief councilor of state)) and FUJIWARA no otoei/Tadatoshi (son of the Tsugutada, or Chunagon (vice-councilor of state)), who were in the second and third positions of the political power at the time, fell from power as a result of Iyo Shinno no Hen (the Conspiracy of Imperial Prince Iyo), whereby the family lines of Toyonari and Otomaro declined as the central nobility, followed by the fall of Nakamaro.
- 治天の君であった光厳上皇、天皇を退位した直後の崇光上皇、皇太子直仁親王が南朝に連れ去られ、南朝の後醍醐天皇が偽器であると主張していた北朝の三種の神器までもが南朝に接収されたため、北朝は治天・天皇・皇太子・神器不在の事態に陥った。
- Since the Chiten no kimi (the Retired Emperor or the Cloistered Emperor who held actual power of government) Retired Emperor Kogon, the Retired Emperor Suko, who had just abdicated the throne, and Crown Prince Naohito, were under custody of the Southern Court and the Three Sacred Treasures of the Northern Court that Emperor Godaigo of the Southern Court claimed were fakes were also held by the Southern Court, the Northern Court was in a state of no Chiten, Emperor, Crown Prince, or the Treasures.
- 義仲はその皇子を「北陸宮」と名付けて、上洛時にこれを押し立てて平氏とともに西走した安徳天皇に代わって皇位に就けようと画策するが、かつて以仁王が勝手に親王を称して令旨を発行したことを不快に思っていた後白河法皇によって退けられたという。
- Yoshinaka nicknamed this imperial prince 'Prince Hokuriku,' and when he triumphantly marched into the capital a few years later, he planned to put him forward as a potential replacement for Emperor Antoku, who had fled with the Taira to the west, on the imperial throne, but was forced to abandon the idea by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, who had been displeased by prince Mochihito's usurpation of the title of 'imperial prince' when he issued his command.
- その後同4年(1246年)に修明門院の最大の支援者であった当時の朝廷の実力者・九条道家が息子である将軍九条頼経と結んで、執権北条時頼とその後押しを受けた後嵯峨天皇を退けて雅成親王を次期天皇に擁立しようとしているとする風説が流される。
- Then, in 1246, a rumor was circulated that Michiie KUJO who was an influential person in the then imperial court and chief supporter of Shumeimonin colluded with his son, Shogun Yoritsune KUJO, and intended to put up Shogun Yoritsune KUJO as the next Emperor by dismissing the regent Tokiyori HOJO and Emperor Gosaga who were supported by him.
- 大映はすでに撤退したが、東映京都撮影所(大映から旧新興キネマの京都第二撮影所を買収。一部を東映太秦映画村として公開)、松竹京都撮影所(1965年閉鎖、現在は松竹京都映画が使用)2か所のスタジオが現在も映画・ドラマなどを制作している。
- Although Daiei has already withdrawn, Toei Kyoto Movie Studio (which took over Shinko Cinema's Kyoto second film studio, a part of which are open for public viewing as Toei Movie Land (Kyoto Uzumasa Eigamura)) and Shochiku Kyoto Studios (which was once closed in 1965 but now is used by Shochiku Kyoto Eiga Co., Ltd..) continue to make films and dramas.
- こうした明法勘文は、朝廷・院庁の政治的権威が京都とその周辺部で堅持されていた南北朝時代 (日本)の頃までは盛んに作成されていたが、以後政治的権力の失墜とともに明法道も衰退し、明法勘文が作成されることはほとんど無くなったとされている。
- Myobo kanmon had been actively created by the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), when the political power of the Imperial Court and In no cho was well retained in and around Kyoto, but Myobodo declined with the downfall of such political power and Myobo kanmon were no longer created.
- 義満が庇護していた世阿弥を遠ざけ(ただし、これは義持個人の趣味の問題とする説もある)、朝廷からの父義満に対する太上天皇の追号を辞退し、1411年(応永18)には朝貢形式に対して反発の声もあった日明貿易(勘合貿易)を取り止めるなどした。
- He alienated Zeami, whom Yoshimitsu took under his wing (however, this is also said to be a matter of Yoshimochi's personal interest), declined the posthumous title as ex-Emperor offered to his father Yoshimitsu, from the Imperial court, and ended the trade with Ming dynasty China (Kango trade), of which tribute style had faced some opposition, in 1411.
- 更に頼之の没後、義満は息子足利義持に将軍職を譲って自らは出家するが、幕府の実権を握り続け、表面上引退しているために自らは召集できない公式な評定に代わって自ら主宰する御前沙汰を開いて幕府の政策決定を行い、将軍義持はこれに従う存在となった。
- After Yoriyuki died, Yoshimitsu abdicated the office of shogun in favor of his son Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA and entered the priesthood, yet he kept controlling the bakufu and made bakufu's policy decisions by chairing and holding gozen-sata instead of formal consultations, which nominally retired shogun Yoshimitsu could not convene -- and the shogun Yoshimochi followed the decisions.
- だが、新将軍・義尚は若くして病死し、引退した父・義政も銀閣をはじめとする慈照寺の造営に余生を費やして、芸術の世界にのみ生きた(とはいえ、義政の芸術保護が後の東山文化発展の基礎となり、後々の日本文化に大きな影響を与えた事は否定できない)。
- But the new Shogun, Yoshihisa, died of illness while still young, and his retired father Yoshimasa devoted his remaining years to construction projects at Jisho-ji Temple, notably the building known as Ginkaku (the Silver Pavilion), focusing his attention entirely on the world of artistic endeavor (and indeed, Yoshimasa's patronage of the arts became the foundation of the flourishing artistic culture of the Higashiyama area, and no one can deny he had a profound influence on later developments in Japanese culture.)
- しかし、江戸時代中期に入り港町や宿場町などの発展、換金性の高い綿が栽培され始めるなど農村部に資本主義が流入され、また(これが最も大きいのだろうが)大名への献金が過重になり過ぎて商家の一部がつぶれるなど、城下町の衰退が目立つようになった。
- Since the middle of the Edo period, however, the decline of castle towns had been given stark expression in the development of port towns and post towns, the influx of capitalism into agricultural communities, such as the cultivation of cotton, one of readily redeemable goods, and bankruptcies of the merchants due to the excessive financial contribution to feudal lords (daimyo), (which might be the biggest cause of the decline).
- これを明法家によって名例律の拡大解釈が行われて現実に適合させたと捉えるか、単に明法道の衰退と家学化による学術水準の低下や律令法自体の弛緩によって条文本来の意味が忘れられて矛盾が見過ごされてしまったのか、歴史学者の間でも見解が分かれている。
- Historians are divided over whether to think such inconsistencies were due to lawyers stretching the interpretation of Meirei-ritsu to adapt it to the reality or to simply think that the decline of the study of codes and advance in hereditary learning led to lowering academic standards and loosening of the ritsuryo law itself, resulting in a situation where the original meaning of the Article was left behind and the inconsistencies were overlooked.
- 当初事件の主犯とされた義家の次弟の源義綱が義忠の養子源為義(源義親の五男)の討伐を受けて壊滅、また事件後真犯人がもう一人の弟(三弟)源義光であったことが明らかになるなど、源氏内部の内紛・衰退がさらに明白になり、源氏の権勢はしばらく失墜した。
- At first, MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna, the second younger brother of Yoshiie, was considered to be the main culprit, and was annihilated in the punitive expedition by MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, the adopted son of Yoshitada (the fifth son of MINAMOTO no Yoshichika), and after the incident, MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu, another younger brother (the third younger brother) was found to be the real culprit, which made internal troubles and decline of Genji more apparent and its power was lost for a while.
- なお、香川県に伝わる讃留霊王(さるれお)伝説によれば、景行天皇23年(93年)に讃留霊王が勅命を受け、瀬戸内の悪魚退治のために讃岐入りし、その地に留まって、仲哀天皇8年9月15日 (旧暦)(199年10月21日)に125歳で薨去したという。
- According to the legend of Sarureo, which has been handed down in Kagawa Prefecture, in the year 93, Sarureo received an Imperial order from the Emperor and proceeded to Sanuki region to exterminate an evil fish sprawling around in the Seto Inland Sea, and even after getting rid of the fish, he continued staying there until he died on October 20, 199 at the age of 125.
- 大内氏の傘下にあった毛利氏を攻めた尼子氏が敗退(吉田郡山城の戦い)したことから、周防国の戦国大名である大内義隆は天文11年(1542年)、この尼子氏に更なる打撃を加えて優位に立とうとすべく、大軍を率いて尼子氏の本国・出雲国への遠征に臨んだ。
- Since the Amago clan which attacked the Mori clan under the jurisdiction of the Ouchi clan and defeated (Battle of Yoshida Koriyama-jo Castle), the Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) in Suo Province, Yoshitaka OUCHI made an expedition to the Amago clan's province Izumo Province to have advantage by giving additional damage to the Amago clan in 1542.
- そのころはお茶屋35軒、芸妓50名ぐらい(舞妓は襟替え等で含まれていない)いたが西陣織産業の衰退により減少し、芸妓数も20名以下に落ち込んで、歌舞会所属の舞踊学校で習っている優秀な生徒に対し組合が北野をどりへの出演を要請していた時期もあった。
- Kamishichiken at that time had thirty-five teahouses and approximately fifty geisha (apprentice geisha not included for reasons such as the eri-age, or promotion to geisha); during certain periods of time after the war, however, their numbers decreased, to less than twenty geisha for example, due to the decline of the Nishijin-ori (Nishijin weaving) industry, and the Geisha association requested talented students from dance schools affiliated with the Kamishichiken kabukai (dance society) to perform at the Kitano Odori (dance originally performed at the Kitano Tenmangu Shrine).
- 元禄10年(1697年)4月に幕府は11年(1698年)3月限りで慶長銀を通用停止とする触れを出したが、引換が進捗せず退蔵する者が多かったため、11年(1698年)1月に通用を12年(1699年)3月限りと改めたが、通用停止には至らなかった。
- In April 1697, the bakufu ordered that the use of keicho-gin be stopped by March 1698; however, many people hoarded them instead of exchanging them, so in January 1698, the bakufu ordered that its use be stopped by March 1699, but to no avail.
- 実頼の子孫は、次男の関白太政大臣藤原頼忠(廉義公)と養子の右大臣藤原実資(3男藤原斉敏の子)が大臣になったものの、師輔の子孫の九条流が摂家嫡流になったため次第に傍流に追いやられ、白河天皇院近臣として活躍した藤原経平・藤原通俊以後衰退していった。
- Although the second son and the adopted son of Saneyori, Kanpaku Daijo-daijin (Chief Adviser to the Emperor and Grand Minister) FUJIWARA no Yoritada (aka. 'Rengiko') and Minister of Right FUJIWARA no Sanesuke (the son of FUJIWARA no Tadatoshi, the third son of Saneyori), respectively, became Daijin (ministers), the descendants of Saneyori were gradually sidelined because the Kujo line, descendants of Morosuke, was authorized as a legitimate line of Sekke (line of regents), and Saneyori's descendants, after the reign of FUJIWARA no Tsunehira and FUJIWARA no Michitoshi, who flourished as heavyweights of the Retired Emperor Shirakawa, faded into obscurity.
- 2007年(平成19年)2月11日の市長選挙では現職の江守光起が引退を表明した事から、市立舞鶴市民病院の諸問題(民間病院への業務委託の是非)と江守市政の継続を唱えて前助役が、谷垣禎一・伊吹文明ら国会議員と一部の府会議員および自民党に推薦された。
- At the mayoral election held on February 11, 2007, after the incumbent mayor Mitsuoki EMORI had announced his retirement, the previous deputy mayor, who had raised problems such as those involving the Maizuru Municipal Hospital (the pros and cons of private consignment of its management), and advocated the continuation of the EMORI administrations, was recommended by Mps such as Sadakazu TANIGAKI/Bunmei IBUKI, some Kyoto Prefecture assembly members and the LDP.
- 王政復古 (日本)が行われ、薩摩藩・長州藩を中心とする明治新政府の兵との衝突から鳥羽・伏見の戦いが起こると容保は奥羽越列藩同盟の中心となり、会津藩兵も戦うが、大坂へ退いていた慶喜が戦線から離脱すると従い、弟・定敬らとともに幕府軍艦で江戸へ下る。
- After the restoration of the monarchy (called Osei-fukko), Katamori became a key person of the Ouetsu Reppan Domei, clashing in the Battle of Toba Fushimi with soldiers of the Satsuma and Choshu-han clans which were at the center of the new Meiji government; soldiers of the Aizu-han clan fought too, but Katamori went to Edo with his brother Sadaaki on a shogunate warship when Yoshinobu who had retreated to Osaka fled from the battle line.
- モンゴルから国号を改めた元 (王朝)は、1274年(文永11)10月に九州北部を襲撃したが、数日で撤退した(今日では、文永の役における元軍の撤退理由が暴風雨、いわゆる神風が吹いたためとする説は信憑性が低いとされ、威力偵察が主目的であったとされる)。
- The Yuan Dynasty which developed from the Mongol empire, attacked northern Kyushu in October 1274, but retreated after a few days (today, there is little credibility to the account that the reason for the retreat of the Yuan army during the Bunei War was a severe storm, the kamikaze (divine wind), and it is considered that the main reason for the attack was a reconnaissance of military strength).
- これについて、河内祥輔は九条兼実の日記『玉葉』建久9年正月6日・7日条に源頼朝が、後鳥羽天皇(当時)退位後の後継者として、天皇の同母兄で頼朝の遠縁にあたる持明院陳子を妃としていた守貞親王を推挙する意向を示していることを記していることを指摘している。
- Concerning this matter, Shosuke KOUCHI points out as follows: The article on February 20 and 21, 1198, in 'Gyokuyo,' a diary written by Kanezane KUJO, describes that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo had the intention of recommending Imperial Prince Morisada, an elder brother of the Emperor and a distant relative of Yoritomo, as the successor to Emperor Gotoba (at that time) after the Emperor abdicated.
- また5世紀末から6世紀初めにかけて、それまで首長墓を造営してきた古墳群の多くが衰退し、新興の古墳群が出現していることから、ワカタケル大王の王権強化策は成功したが、その一方で旧来の勢力からの反発を招き、その結果として王権が一時的に弱体化したとの説もある。
- Furthermore, since towards the end of the fifth and the beginning of the sixth centuries many of the old burial mounds where chiefs were entombed went into decline and new types of burial mounds emerged, it is thought that King Wakatakeru's strategy for strengthening sovereignty succeeded, although his power was temporarily weakened by rebellions from the former powers.
- 天長10年(833年)に淳和が皇太子正良(仁明天皇)に譲位すると、ここでも淳和の太上天皇辞退・皇后正子の皇太后辞退と新天皇仁明による拒絶が繰り返され、皇太子には淳和と正子との間に生まれた皇子恒貞親王が立てられた(高志・恒世はともにすでに早世していた)。
- In 833, Junna abdicated the throne to the Crown Prince Masara (Emperor Ninmyo) and here the declination of retired emperor by Junna and empress dowager by Empress Masako and the refusal by the new Emperor Ninmyo was repeated, and the Crown Prince was decided to be the prince born between Junna and Masako, Imperial Prince Tsunesada (Koshi and Tsuneyo had already died young).
- 最も重い処分となったのは、同学会中央執行委員として学園復興会議の開催に奔走していた(しかし荒神橋でのデモ自体には関与していなかったとされる)文学部生の松浦玲(のちの日本近代史家)で、退学より重い放学処分となった(のち立命館大学文学部に再入学し卒業した)。
- A student of the faculty of literature, Rei MATSUURA, who had made an effort to hold the Gakuen Fukko Kaigi as a member of the central executive committee, was punished most heavily, expelled from the university (heavier than suspension) (Matsuura is considered not to have been involved in the demonstration at Kojin-bashi Bridge; later he entered the same faculty of the same university and graduated, becoming a modern Japanese historian).
- 1000石...板垣退助(高知藩士)、小松帯刀(鹿児島藩士)、吉井友実(鹿児島藩士)、伊地知正治(鹿児島藩士)、岩下方平(鹿児島藩士)、後藤象二郎(高知藩士)、嵯峨実愛(公卿)、大原重徳(公卿)、大原重実(公卿)、東久世通禧(公卿)、生駒親敬(矢島藩主)
- 1,000 koku... Taisuke ITAGAKI (a feudal retainer of Kochi Domain), Tatewaki KOMATSU (a feudal retainer of Kagoshima Domain), Tomozane YOSHII (a feudal retainer of Kagoshima Domain), Masaharu IJICHI (a feudal retainer of Kagoshima Domain), Michihira IWASHITA (a feudal retainer of Kagoshima Domain), Shojiro GOTO (a feudal retainer of Kochi Domain), Sanenaru SAGA (a court noble), Shigetomi OHARA (a court noble), Shigemi OHARA (a court noble), Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE (a court noble), Chikayuki IKOMA (the lord of Yashima Domain)
- 天保の改革最中の天保13年(1842年)9月の御触書には「百姓の余技として、町人の商売を始めてはならない」という文があり、併せて農村出身の奉公人の給金に制限を設けているが、これはこうした風潮が農業の衰退に繋がる事を危惧した幕府の対応策であったと考えられる。
- An official announcement issued in October and November 1842 in the midst of the Tempo Reforms contained the following sentence: 'peasants must not start business of the townsman as a sideline' and set a ceiling on wages paid for employees who came from farming villages, all of which must have been countermeasures taken by the bakufu for fear that such tendencies would lead to a decline in agriculture.
- 1900年(明治33年)に成立した同法は、日本の資本主義は発達するに従って、中小零細企業が大資本に圧倒されている現状から、零細企業救済のため、加入脱退の自由、議決権平等、出資利子制限、利用分量配当といった協同組合原則の基本を組み入れた法律として制定された。
- The act was passed in 1990, and in order to help small enterprises, it was established as a law which had principles of cooperative association such as freedom of entering and leaving, the equal voting right, restraint of investing interest, and the dividend in accordance with the amount of use, under the circumstances in which tiny, small and medium enterprises were getting overwhelmed by big capitals as the Japanese capitalism grew.
- 秀吉は、1月17日、寺沢志摩守を通じて玄雅に、「今度大明人蔚山取還之由注進付 而為後巻雖押出候敵引退之由 既に自此方も安芸中納言 増田右衛門 因幡但馬大和紀伊九鬼父子等可取立旨雖被仰付候右之分候間不及是非候 云々」の朱印状とともに、小袖一服、道服一服を与えた。
- On February 22, Hideyoshi sent Terasawa Shima-no-Kami to award Harumasa a letter bearing his seal, along with a kimoto with short sleeves and a set of formal clothes; the letter told Harumasa that 今度大明人蔚山取還之由注進付 而為後巻雖押出候敵引退之由 既に自此方も安芸中納言 増田右衛門 因幡但馬大和紀伊九鬼父子等可取立旨雖被仰付候右之分候間不及是非候 云々
- 表は大きく分けると、天皇の元服、立后、立太子や朔旦冬至などの慶事に奉られる賀表(がひょう)、天皇から皇親への譲位や封戸・随身などの特権など天皇から賜る恩恵を辞退する際に奉られる抗表(こうひょう)、官職辞任・致仕する際に奉られる辞表(じひょう)の3種類があった。
- There were three major different types of Hyo: Gahyo (handed at celebratory occasions such as Emperor's Genpuku [coming of age], investitures of the Empress or the Crown Prince and Sakutan Toji [celebration when the winter solstice falls on November 1 of the lunar calendar. Once in 19 years, this is an auspicious day and has been celebrated at the court]), Kohyo (handed when the Emperor's family members wished to decline the Emperor's offer of abdication of the throne or people to decline the offers of privileges such as Fuko [salary] or Zuishin [having bodyguards]) and Jihyo (handed when people wished to resign or leave their government posts).
- 『懐風藻』によると696年(持統10年)の高市皇子の死去の後、持統天皇が数ある天武天皇の皇子達を退け孫の軽皇子(後の文武天皇)を皇太子にしようとした際、それに与し、日本では古来から直系相続が行われており、兄弟相続は争いのもとだとして天皇位の直系相続を主張した。
- According to 'Kaifusou' (Fond Recollections of Poetry), when the Emperor Jito intended to make the grandson, the Prince Karu (later the Emperor Monmu) as the crown prince after Takechi no miko died in 696 rejecting the Emperor Tenmu's princes, Kado no okimi insisted the direct line succession of the imperial throne which had been carried form ancient Japan, and the interfraternal succession would cause conflict.
- ところが、実際に帝国議会が開催されて民権派系の民党と政府の対立が激化すると、大同団結運動と距離を置いていた板垣退助を擁立する声が高まり、これを機に旧自由党系の再集結論が盛り上がり、同年暮に大井の自由党や大同倶楽部などによって板垣を擁した立憲自由党が結成された。
- However, once the Imperial Diet was actually held and a confrontation between People's Rights-leaning minto (general term of the political parties such as Liberal Party) and the government became intense, the trend became stronger to give support to Taisuke ITAGAKI, who had distanced himself from the movement to unite for a common purpose, and then this led to the discussion toward reunifying former Liberal Party; in the end of the year, the Constitutional Liberal Party was organized by Oi's Liberal Party and Daido kurabu and supported Itagaki.
- 『平治物語』では重盛と義平が待賢門で一騎打ちを繰り広げ、御所の右近の橘・左近の桜の間を7度も義平が重盛を追い回した、頼盛が退却中に敵に追いつかれそうになり重代の名刀「抜丸」で辛くも撃退した、というエピソードが出てくるがこれらは話を盛り上げるための創作と思われる。
- The 'Heiji monogatari' describes a scene in which Shigemori and Yoshihira fought in single combat at the Taikenmon gate, Yoshihira driving Shigemori back seven times in an area of the palace between the tachibana on the right and the cherry tree on the left, and meanwhile, Yorimori was staging a fighting withdrawal, but when he came under danger of being overrun by his foes he furiously struck all around him with 'Nukimaru,' his famous and ancient sword; needless to say, this episode is considered to be a literary embellishment to create a stirring climactic scene.
- また、白河天皇は退位後の寛治4年(1090年)頃に旧の覚円の僧房を御所(白河泉殿)とし、続いて永久 (日本)3年(1115年)に白河泉殿を改築して白河南殿を造営、更に元永元年(1118年)にはその隣接地に白河北殿を新造して2つの御所を行き来しながら院政を行った。
- Emperor Shirakawa started to use Kakuen's once-used living quarters as his Gosho (Imperial Palace) (Shirakawa Izumi-dono) around 1090 after his retirement, then in 1115, erected the Shirakawa Minami-dono (South Imperial Palace) rebuilding the Shirakawa Izumi-dono, further in 1118, at the adjoining site, erected the Shirakawa Kita-dono (North Imperial Palace), and conducted the Insei (rule by the Retired Emperor) shuttling between the two Palaces.
- 陰陽寮の役人が退いた後に中務省を代表して輔が天皇に奏上を行い、具注暦は天皇に奏進され、頒暦は天皇と太政官の連絡を掌る少納言が受領して大臣の元に届けられ、大臣から弁官を通じて各官司・国府に配布され、不足の場合には上級官司・国府が書写して下級官司・郡司などに送付した。
- When officials of the Onmyoryo leave the court, the suke makes a presentation before the emperor on behalf of the Ministry of Central Affairs, the guchureki is presented to the emperor, the hanreki is distributed to the Shonagon who manages communications between the Emperor and the Daijokan, then it is sent to each minister, then distributed by ministers to each government officials and kokufu via benkan and, if the number of copies are not enough, highly-ranked kanshi or kokufu transcribes it and sends it to low-ranked kanshi or gunji (district official).
- また、維新政府は西洋の諸制度を研究するため岩倉具視を正使、大久保利通・木戸孝允・伊藤博文らを副使とする岩倉使節団を欧米へ派遣するが、「留守政府」と呼ばれた日本残留組の西郷隆盛・井上馨・大隈重信・板垣退助・江藤新平・大木喬任らの手によって、次々と改革は進んでいった。
- Also, the restoration government dispatched the 'Iwakura Mission,' of which Tomomi IWAKURA was the chief envoy, and Toshimichi OKUBO, Takayoshi KIDO, and Hirobumi ITO were the vice envoys, to Europe and the United States, whereas the members of the 'Rusu-Seifu' (the temporary government while heads of the government were away) like Takamori SAIGO, Kaoru INOUE, Shigenobu OKUMA, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shinpei ETO, Takato OKI, advanced many reforms one after another.
- 島津家がこの泗川の戦いで明軍を撃退して味方の組織的な撤退を可能にしたこと、また直後の露梁海戦で小西軍の脱出を可能にした(その際に、朝鮮水軍大将李舜臣を討取った)という功績は五大老達から高く評価されており、島津家は文禄・慶長の役に参加した諸大名で唯一の加増に預かった。
- Gotairo (Council of Five Elders) highly regarded the fine deeds of the Shimazu family, who defeated the Ming army and permitted the systematic retreat of its allies and assisted an escape of the Konishi army in the Battle of Noryang (they killed Korean Marine General Yi Sun-sin in the process) which occurred soon after, and the Shimazu family was the only one that was awarded with the estate among various daimyo that participated in the Bunroku-Keicho War.
- 愛国公党を結成して5日後の1874年1月17日、板垣退助(前参議)、後藤象二郎(前参議)、江藤新平(前参議)、副島種臣(前参議)、由利公正(前東京府知事)、岡本健三郎(前大蔵省大丞)、および起草者の古沢滋、小室信夫の8名は、連名で民撰議院設立建白書を左院に提出した。
- On January 17, 1874, five days after establishing the Aikokukoto Party, eight people, Taisuke ITAGAKI (former Sangi councilor), Shojiro GOTO (Former Sangi councilor), Shinpeo ETO (Former Sangi councilor), Taneomi SOEJIMA (Former Sangi councilor), Kimimasa YURI (Former Governor of Tokyo Prefecture), Kenzaburo OKAMOTO (Former Okura-sho Taijo [Senior Secretary of the Ministry of the Treasury]), drafter Shigeru FURUSAWA and Shinobu KOMURO presented the 'Minsen Giin Setsuritsu Kenpaku Sho' to the Council of the Left in their joint names.
- 信輔は「近衛家では前官(前職大臣)の関白の例はない」と主張して左大臣を秀吉に譲る前に現職の大臣として関白に就任したい旨を正親町天皇に奏上し、これに対して昭実は「二条家では初めて任命された関白が1年以内に辞めた例はない」と主張して信輔の理不尽な要求を退けるように訴えた。
- Nobusuke insisted that no one in the Konoe family assumed the position of Kanpaku as former minister, and he presented a petition to Emperor Ogimachi, requesting he be appointed to Kanpaku as an incumbent minister before yielding the position of Sadaijin to Hideyoshi; on the other hand, Akizane maintained that no one in the Nijo family resigned from the position of Kanpaku within a year when he assumed the position for the first time, and he made a request to Emperor Ogimachi for rejecting Nobusuke's unreasonable demands.
- 折りから道隆の父摂政兼家が死去し、新たに摂政となった道隆は自己の政治的立場を強化するためにも定子を皇后に立てることを望んだが、当時、皇后には円融の退位後も遵子がそのままとどまっており、皇太后には一条の生母藤原詮子が、太皇太后には昌子が就いており、后位に空席はなかった。
- Sessho (regent) Kaneie, the father of Michitaka, died and Michitaka became Sessho and wished to put up Teishi as empress to reinforce his political power, but the post of the empress was not vacant because Junshi stayed as empress even after the abdication of Emperor Enyu, and FUJIWARA no Senshi, the real mother of Ichijo, was Empress Dowager and Masako was Grand Empress Dowager.
- 義弘は将軍家からの御恩の深さを感謝しながらも、今川了俊に従軍しての九州での戦い、明徳の乱、南北朝合一、少弐氏退治での自らの功績を述べ、それにも関わらず将軍家は和泉国と紀伊国を取り上げようとし、また先年の少弐氏との戦いで討ち死にした弟の満弘の子への恩賞がない不満を述べる。
- Yoshihiro said that he remained grateful for the deep favor the shogunal family had bestowed on him, but also listed his own accomplishments in the battles in Kyushu joining forces with Ryoshun IMAGAWA, in the Meitoku rebellion, in unifying the Southern and Northern Courts, and in the annihilation of the Shoni family before pointing out his dissatisfaction that despite these deeds, the Ashikaga family was trying to remove Izumi and Kii Provinces from his governance, and the fact that his nephew, the son of his younger brother Mitsuhiro - who had died in battle during the recent campaign against the Shoni family - had received no reward for his father's service.
- 茣蓙目の細かいものは前期、粗目で均質な製作となった元禄小判に類似するものは明暦の大火以降に鋳造されたと推定され後期鋳とされるが、約95年に亘る発行とはいえ初期に多量に鋳造され、その後産金の減少に伴い鋳造が衰退したと推定されることもあり、現実に後期のほうが現存数は少ない。
- Keicho Kobans with fine straw matt mark were casted in the early period and the ones made coarsely and uniformly resembling Genroku Koban (oval coin) were thought to be cast in the late period, after the Great Fire of Meireki, and during about 95 years of issuance of Keicho Koban, it was presumed that it was cast in large number in the eary period, but became less in the late period according to the declining volume of gold production, and actually now more Keicho Koban in the late period remain.
- ところが、二条家が居住して以後、度重なる火災などの災害、そして応仁の乱にも被害を受けなかった筈の押小路烏丸殿が文明9年11月11日 (旧暦)(1477年12月16日)に放火によって焼失してしまう(奇しくもこの日は大内氏の撤退によって応仁の乱の戦闘が事実上終了した日であった)。
- However, Oshikoji Karasumadono residence, which survived several disasters such as fires and the Onin War since the time when the Nijo family moved in, was burned down in an arson attack on December 25, 1477 (by cruel coincidence, it was the day the Oni War practically ended as the result of the retreat of the Ouchi clan).
- 朝廷内部では長州勢の駆逐を求める強硬派と宥和派が対立し、禁裏御守衛総督を勤める一橋慶喜(徳川慶喜)は退兵を呼びかけるが、京都蛤御門(京都市上京区)付近で長州藩兵が、会津・桑名藩・薩摩各藩の諸隊と衝突、尊皇攘夷を唱える長州勢は壊滅、来島又兵衛、久坂玄瑞、寺島忠三郎らは戦死した。
- Within the Imperial Court, there was a struggle between hard-liners that wanted to destroy Choshu's military force and others who wished to appease them, while Keiki HITOTSUBASHI (later known as Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA), who served as Viceroy and Protector of the Imperial Palace, called on the soldiers to withdraw, but the Choshu soldiers clashed with various groups of samurai warriors from Aizu, Kuwana, and Satsuma clans near Kyoto's Hamaguri Gate (in the Kamigyo ward of modern-day Kyoto); but the forces of Choshu, chanting their Revere the Emperor slogan, were annihilated, and Matabe KIJIMA, Gensui KUSAKA, and Chusaburo TERAJIMA were among those who died in battle.
- 桐野作人は、朝廷黒幕説への自己批判という意味からか「信長は、毛利水軍を牽制するために長宗我部氏が必要だったが、本願寺の退去と毛利水軍の衰微が長宗我部氏を必要としなくなっていった。その結果、長宗我部氏との親戚・婚姻関係樹立に尽力した光秀と利三の立場が危うくなった」という説を唱えた。
- Probably as self-recrimination against the view that the imperial court was the mastermind of this revolt, Sakujin KIRINO advocated, 'Nobunaga needed the Chosokabe clan in order to contain the navy of the Mori clan, but because of deportation of Honganji and decline of the navy of the Mori clan made the Chosokabe clan needless for Nobunaga. As a result, the position of Mitsuhide and Toshimitsu, who made best effort to establish the relation of relative and matrimonial relation with the Chosokabe clan became undermined.'
- しかし第二次世界大戦になると食糧不足解消のため、桑畑をサツマイモ畑に転作したことや、糸そのものの価格の低下、ナイロンなどの化学繊維の出現や養蚕農家の後継者不足と高齢化などのさまざまな理由によって養蚕業の衰退を招き、これらをきっかけにほとんどの養蚕農家や製糸業者は廃業に追い込まれた。
- However, when the World War II broke out, sericulture declined due to various reasons, including changes in crop (from mulberry to sweet potato) to prevent food shortages, price reduction of yarn itself, the appearance of chemical fibers such as nylon fibers, lack of successors in silk-raising farmers, aging of silk-raising farmers, etc., all factors leading to a decline and the eventual closeout by silk-raising farmers and yarn-making companies.
- これは古い部民制の残滓である品部そのものが律令制と相容れなかったこと、律令制の衰退によって品部の維持が困難になってきたこと、社会経済水準の向上によって民間からの調達・雇役が可能になったこと(この場合の民間には旧品部の商工業者からの調達を含む)が複雑に絡み合っていたと考えられている。
- This situation was caused by intricately intertwined reasons, i.e., the fact that shinabe, which was the remnant of the bemin system, itself was incompatible with the ritsuryo system, that it became difficult to preserve shinabe as the ritsuryo system was weakened, and that improved social economy standard enabled procurement from and koeki (forced labor under the ritsuryo system) by ordinary citizens (procurement from ordinary citizens here includes procurement from commercial and industrial men in former shinabe).
- その後も再三にわたって大洪水や大旱魃、大飢饉などが発生して藩は大被害を受け、第3代藩主・九鬼隆直の時代には藩財政が破綻し、藩札発行や倹約令制定、家臣団の給米減封などを中心とした財政改革が試みられたが、その後も大洪水などによる天災や百姓一揆までもが発生し、藩政はすっかり衰退してしまった。
- Thereafter, the domain was repeatedly assailed by flooding, droughts, and famine, and its finances collapsed in the era of Takanao KUKI, the third lord of the domain, who pursued reforms as the issue of a domain currency, reduction in spending on weapons, and a reduction in the amount of rice distributed to vassals, but this was followed by more flooding and even a peasant's revolt, and the administration was severely weakened.
- 毛屋主水曰く「敵は多く我は少なし。我若し一歩を退かば彼必ず追撃し我兵殲きん死は一成り寧ろ進んで死するに若かず且つ我兵一致団結して奮進すれば必ず敵の一部を突破せん。我その機に乗じて退却すれば或は軍を全うするを得ん。是れ武田勝頼が長篠の敗後に攻勢に出て敵の追撃を遅緩ならしめたる故智なり」と。
- Shusui KEYA said, 'The enemy are many and we are few. If we retreat one step backwards, the enemy will definitely give chase and our troops will be cut down, but if we try to advance and face death with all of our troops act together, we will definitely break through our enemy. If we use the chance to retreat, our troops might make it. This was the trick that Katsuyori TAKEDA used after the loss at the Battle of Nagashino, where he attacked in order to discourage the pursuit of his enemies.'
- 8日、開戦に積極的で無かったとされる慶喜は大坂城におり、旧幕府軍の敗戦が決定的となり、7日には慶喜に対して追討令が出た報を聞くと、その夜僅かな側近及び老中・板倉勝静、同・酒井忠惇、会津藩主・松平容保・桑名藩主・松平定敬と共に密かに城を脱し、大阪湾に停泊中の幕府軍艦・開陽丸で江戸に退却した。
- Yoshinobu, who is said to have not actively supported starting a war, stayed at Osaka Castle when the defeat of the former Shogunate forces was imminent and he was informed of the issuing of the punitive order against him on February 7; that night Yoshinobu secretly escaped from the castle and retreated to Edo on the Shogunate warship Kaiyo Maru on February 8, which had been anchored at Osaka Bay, along with a few of his close aides as well as Katsukiyo ITAKURA (a senior councilor), Tadato SAKAI (a senior councilor), Katamori MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Aizu domain) and Sadaki MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Kuwana domain).
- だが、鎌倉幕府によって地頭が設置されて検断権を掌握し、更に在地勢力に発言権の高まりとともに本所及び荘務権そのものが衰退し、南北朝時代 (日本)に守護請・地頭請あるいは在地の有力者などに一定額の年貢納入義務を引き換えに荘務を請負わせる「請負荘園」の増加によって荘務権は有名無実化することになる。
- However, since the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) had established the jito (estate stewards), who held the right to judge criminal cases, the authority of the shomuken and honjo themselves eroded; and further, as the cases of 'Ukeoi shoen, ' which was the contract system in which the shoen owners entrusted the shomu to Shugo and Jito (military governor and estate steward) or to the locally influential individuals in return for the exemption of the payment of the certain amount of nengu (land tax), increased during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the shomuken virtually lost its substance.
- 律令制の衰退によって朝廷自体が天皇家の家政機関としての色彩を強めてくると、内蔵頭には蔵人頭や弁官・近衛府を歴任した四位の殿上人が就任するのが慣例となり、更に院政期には財力を有する有力な受領に移り、室町時代初期には山科家の当主が御厨子所別当を兼務して就任するようになると、以後同家の事実上の世襲となった。
- As the Ritsuryo system declined and the court itself started to function as the institution to manage the Emperor's family's household, it became tradition for the position of Kuranokami (the chief of Kuraryo) to be filled by court officials of the fourth rank that had previously been Kurodonoto (the chief of Kurodo Dokoro) or worked in the Benkan (clerical section) or Konoefu (Imperial palace guards), and then in the period of governments by cloistered emperors became a position for prominent Zuryo (head of provincial government) with strong financial power, and in the early Muromachi period, the Yamashina family held the position together with the position, Mizushidokoro Betto (superintendent of the cooking section for the emperor), and it has been essentially their hereditary post ever since.
- 近年では吉村茂樹が、当時の災害異変が突出していないこと、後三条の病気(糖尿病と推定されている)が重篤化したのが退位後であることを理由として、摂関家を外戚に持たない実仁親王に皇位を継承させることによる王権の拡大を意図し、摂関政治への回帰を阻止したものであって院政の意図はなかったと主張し、通説化している。
- In recent years, Shigeki YOSHIMURA has been asserted on the grounds that there was no sharp rise in disasters/accidents at that time, and Gosanjo's illness (assumed to be diabetes) became significantly worse only after his abdication, and that this was intended for the expansion of sovereignty by having Imperial Prince Sanehito, who did not have Sekkan-ke as cognates, succeed to the throne, thereby preventing the return to Sekkan seiji; however, there was no intention to start insei, and consequently such a view has become accepted.
- 弘和/永徳・元中/至徳 (日本)年間に入ると、南朝は動乱初期からその支えとして活躍してきた懐良親王、北畠顕能、宗良親王の相次ぐ死と、対北朝強硬路線を通していた長慶天皇の譲位により、衰退を極める事となったが、明徳年間の足利義満による相次ぐ有力守護大名勢力削減により、北朝に抵抗する術を殆ど失うようになる。
- But having reached the period of the Kowa/Entoku and Genchu/Shitoku eras, Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, Akiyoshi KITABATAKE, and Imperial Prince Muneyoshi, who had been fighting for the Southern Court from the early days of their anti-shogunal struggle, and had been the Southern Court's main support, died one after the other, and when Emperor Chokei--who had been such a stalwart opponent of the Northern Court--abdicated, the Southern Court entered a period of extreme decline; during the Meitoku period, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was able to greatly reduce the power and influence of the strongest shugo daimyo one after another, until almost all means to resist the Northern Court had been lost.
- 具体的には神国である日本でキリスト教を布教することはふさわしくないということ、領民などを集団で信徒にすることや神社仏閣などの打ちこわしの禁止、宣教師の20日以内の国外退去などと同時に、この法令が南蛮貿易を妨げるものでなく、布教に関係しない外国人商人の渡来に関してはなんら規制を設けないことが示されている。
- Concretely the following is described, that is, it is not appropriate to Christianize Japan, the land of the Shinto gods, it is forbidden to form a group of Christians and believersm, to destroy shrines and temples, and the missionaries should leave Japan within twenty days, and at the same time this edict does not prevent trade with Spain and Portugal and there are no restrictions on foreign merchants who have not come to spread Christianity in Japan.
- しかし、紫式部が中宮彰子に伺候したのは清少納言が宮仕えを退いてからはるか後のことで、二人は一面識さえないはずである(もっとも、角田文衞博士は論文「晩年の清少納言」で異説を提唱し、『権記』に見える一宮敦康親王の「少納言命婦」を手掛かりに、清少納言が定子死後もその所生の皇子女に引き続き仕えた可能性を指摘した)。
- However, it was long after Sei Shonagon left the Imperial Court that Murasaki Shikibu began to serve Empress Shoshi, so they couldn't have known each other (but Dr. Bunei TSUNODA advocated a different opinion in his thesis 'Sei Shonagon: Her Later Years,' and he pointed to the possibility that she might have continued her service at the Imperial Court after Teishi passed away, with reference to the word 'Shonagon Myobu' of Ichinomiya Atsuyasu Imperial Prince in 'Gonki' (FUJIWARA no Yukinari's Diary).
- その後、後村上天皇が摂津国の住吉大社宮司の津守氏の正印殿を約10年間、行宮(住吉行宮)とし、住吉大神を奉じる瀬戸内海の水軍を傘下にして、四国、九州との連絡網を確立し、南朝は各地で活動するが、1363年には山名氏や大内氏の北朝への帰順、楠木正儀の投降などで衰退し、拉致した三上皇を返還するなど講和的態度も示している。
- Afterwards, Emperor Gomurakami made the Shoinden (main shrine building) of the Tsumori clan, who were hereditary chief priests of the Sumiyoshi-taisha Grand Shrine in Settsu Province, his Angu (Sumiyoshi Angu), or temporary lodging especially for an Imperial visit, for about ten years and established a contact route with Shikokua and Kyushu because he held control of the naval forces in the Seto Inland Sea, who worshiped the Sumiyoshi Gods, leading to activities of the Southern Court in various places, but the betrayal of the Yamana clan and Ouchi clan to the Northern Court and the surrender of Masanori KUSUNOKI in 1363 led to its decline and it started to show a shift towards a peaceful stance by returning the three retired emperors.
- その一方で、近年では宇多天皇が醍醐天皇に譲位して法皇となった後に天皇の病気に伴って実質上の院政を行っていた事が明らかになった事や、円融天皇が退位後に息子の一条天皇が皇位を継ぐと政務を見ようとしたために外祖父である摂政藤原兼家と対立していたという説もあり、院政の嚆矢を後三条天皇よりも以前に見る説が有力となっている。
- On the other hand, the view that insei started before the reign of Emperor Gosanjo has become more prevalent in recent years, since it is increasingly apparent that Emperor Uda conducted virtual insei after he abdicated to Emperor Daigo to become Hoo (法皇) as the result of the new Emperor's illness, and based on the view that Emperor Enyu was opposed to Kaneie FUJIWARA, a regent and his maternal grandfather, since Enyu tried to participate in political affairs after his abdication and succession of the throne by his son, Emperor Ichijo.
- 六月初旬にはイギリス海軍中将シーモア(Edward Hobart Seymour)率いる連合軍約2000名が北京を目指したが、義和団によって破壊された京津鉄道(北京-天津間)を修繕しながら進軍したため、その歩みは遅く、また廊坊という地では義和団及び清朝正規兵董福祥の甘軍によって阻まれ、天津への退却を余儀なくされた。
- Around two thousand members of the allied forces led by Vice Admiral Edward Hobart Seymour of the British marines headed for Beijing at the beginning of June by repairing and marching along the Beijing-Tianjin Railway (Beijing to Tianjin) but this proved to be slow, and progress was hindered by the Boxers as well as 甘軍 of the official Qing dynasty army led by Dong Fuxiang at Langfang, and they were forced to retreat to Tianjin.
- 1944年(昭和19年)7月9日のサイパン島陥落に伴い、東條内閣に対する退陣要求が強まったが、その際には「このまま東条に政権を担当させておくほうが良い。戦局は、誰に代わっても好転することはないのだから、最後まで全責任を負わせるようにしたらよい」と述べ、敗戦を見越したうえで、天皇に戦争責任が及びにくくする様に考えていた。
- With the fall of Saipan on July 9, 1944, there was an increasing demand for the Tojo cabinet to resign, but having foreseen defeat in the war and thinking of ways to make it difficult for the Emperor to be held responsible for the war, he stated, 'It's better to let Tojo have the administrative power. The war situation will not improve no matter who replaces him, so it's better to let him take all responsibility until the very end.'
- 明治6年(1873年)の対朝鮮問題をめぐる政府首脳の軋轢は、6月に外務少記森山茂が釜山から帰って、李朝政府が日本の国書を拒絶したうえ、使節を侮辱し、居留民の安全が脅かされているので、朝鮮から撤退するか、武力で修好条約を締結させるかの裁決が必要であると報告し、それを外務少輔上野景範が内閣に議案として提出したことに始まる。
- Discord in the government and amongst the executives regarding the problem in Korea in 1873 began after Shigeru MORIYAMA, who held the rank of Gaimu-shoki, returned from Busan, and the Yi Dynasty Korea insulted the ambassador after refusing the Japanese sovereign's message, so he reported that it would be necessary to either decide to evacuate from Korea, or to conclude the conclusion problem of treaty of amity by force, and Kagenori UENO with Gaimu-sho title submitted these reports to the ministry as a bill.
- しかし、九州平定後、博多箱崎に滞在していた1587年7月24日(天正15年6月19日 (旧暦))に同地に滞在していたポルトガル側通商責任者(カピタン・モール)ドミンゴス・モンテイロおよび当時のイエズス会日本地区の責任者であったコエリョに対して宣教師の退去と貿易の自由を宣告する文書を手渡してキリスト教宣教の制限を表明した。
- However, after suppression in Kyushu, he announced restrictions on the Christian mission while staying in Hakata Hakozaki in July 24, 1587 and handed over a statement to expel the missionaries and have freedom of trade to Domingos Monteiro (Capitão-mór) in charge of commerce from the Portugal side who stayed there and to Coelho in charge of the Japan division in the Society of Jesus of that time.
- それでも生き残った数少ない業者も業界の激しい値下げ競争により、生産拠点を人件費が安い海外へ移さざるを得なくなったことがさらに追い討ちをかけ、その業者の一つであったグンゼも2001年9月に福知山から撤退するなど、特産品であった生糸も現在は養蚕農家を市内大江町に一軒だけ残すのみとなり、上述の藍同様にほぼ完全に福知山から姿を消した。
- Due to severe price-cutting wars, the few surviving companies had to shift their production bases to other countries where personnel expenses were lower, which enhanced decline, and with respect to raw silk which was the specialty of Fukuchiyama, only one silk-raising farmer now remains in Oe-machi in the city; this is due to the fact that Gunze, one such company, withdrew from Fukuchiyama in September 2001, leading to the almost complete extinction of raw silk from Fukuchiyama much like the aforementioned case of indigo.
- ところが、1889年2月には運動の盟主に擁されていた後藤象二郎が黒田内閣の逓信大臣として入閣して運動からの撤退を表明(なお、自分抜きの大同団結運動に不快感を抱いた板垣が、黒田清隆側近の時任為基高知県知事とともに後藤に入閣を勧めたとされている)、これを機に3月10日には運動は河野の大同倶楽部と大井の大同協和会に分裂して事実上崩壊した。
- However, Shojiro GOTO, the leader of the movement, was appointed to the Kuroda Cabinet as a Minister of Communications and announced that he would withdraw from the movement in February, 1889 (It is said that Itagaki, who was displeased that he was alienated from the movement to unite for a common purpose, and Governor Tametomo TOKITO of Kochi Prefecture, who was a close associate of Seiki KURODA, encouraged Goto to enter the Cabinet), which led the movement to be divided into two groups: Daido kurabu (uniting for a common purpose club) led by KONO and Daido Kyowakai (uniting for a common purpose harmonious meeting) led by Oi, and then the movement virtually collapsed.
- 「疾如風、徐如林、侵掠如火、不動如山」の句は『孫子 (書物)』・軍争篇で軍隊の進退について書いた部分にある「其疾如風、其徐如林、侵掠如火、難知如陰、不動如山、動如雷霆。/其の疾きこと風の如く、其の徐(しず)かなること林の如く、侵し掠めること火の如く、知りがたきこと陰の如く、動かざること山の如し、動くこと雷霆(らいてい)の如し」からの引用。
- The phrase was quoted from a part written about the attack/withdrawal of an army in the battle section in 'Sonshi' (Chinese books about tactics) which says ''as fast as the wind, as quiet as the forest, as daring as fire, as hard to know as dark, as immovable as the mountain, and the movement is like pealing thunder.'
- ところが、宮中行事などの衰退によって大饗が開かれることがなくなった上、相次ぐ戦乱や五摂家の成立による短期間での藤氏長者の交替などによって朱器台盤は散逸してしまったらしく、延文6年(康安元年/1361年)に近衛道嗣が藤氏長者に就任した際には「朱器渡りの儀」が行われていないために、その以前の段階で朱器台盤は既に存在していなかったと考えられている。
- But grand banquets ceased to be held due to the decline of court functions, and in addition, Shuki-daiban seem to have been scattered and lost due to successive conflicts and changes of Toshi choja within a short period of time caused by the formation of Gosekke (five top Fujiwara families whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho [regent] and Kanpaku), and when Michitsugu KONOE assumed the post of Toshi choja in 1361, 'Shuki watari no gi' no longer took place, which suggests that Shuki-daiban had already been lost before that time.
- そこで、進展しない原因とその対策を知る必要があって、西郷・板垣退助・副島種臣らは、調査のために、明治5年(1872年)8月15日に池上四郎・武市正幹・彭城中平を清国・ロシア・朝鮮探偵として満洲に派遣し(鹿児島県史料・忠義公史料』第7巻)、27日に北村重頼・河村洋与・別府晋介(景長)を花房外務大丞随員(実際は変装しての探偵)として釜山に派遣した。
- Thus, it was necessary to know why they were not progressing and how to counteract that, so Saigo, Taisuke ITAGAKI and Taneomi SOEJIMA sent Shiro IKEGAMI, Seikan TAKEICHI, and Chuhei SAKAKI to Manchuria to spy on Qing, Russia and Korea so they could better understand this (volume 7 of Tadayoshi's historical data (the historical data of Kagoshima Prefecture)) on August 15, 1872,
- 翌建久7年(1196年)の11月23日に中宮九条任子が後宮から退去させられ、同月25日関白九条兼実が罷免され、近衛基通が関白に、頼朝の妹・坊門姫を母とする一条高能が参議に、坊門姫の娘を妻とする西園寺公経が蔵人頭にそれぞれ任じられ、同月26日に天台座主慈円が籠居を命じられ、太政大臣藤原兼房 (太政大臣)も更迭された(慈円・兼房はともに兼実の同母弟)。
- On December 21, 1196, chugu (Palace of the Empress) Ninshi KUJO was expelled from kokyu (empress's residence) and on the 23rd of the same month, kanpaku Kanezane KUJO was dismissed and was replaced by Motomichi KONOE; Takayosho ICHIJO, whose mother was the sister of Yoritomo, Bomon hime, was appointed as sangi, Kintsune SAIONJI, the husband of Bomon hime's daughter, was appointed as Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain), and on the 24th of the same month, Jien, the head priest of the Tendai sect of Buddhism, was ordered to stay inside the residence, and FUJIWARA no Kanefusa, the Grand Minister, was reshuffled (both Jien and Kanefusa were both Kanezane's younger brother-uterine).
- だが、当時はまだこの状態を常に維持するための政治的組織や財政的・軍事的裏付けが不十分であり、平安時代中期には幼く短命な天皇が多く十分な指導力を発揮するための若さと健康を保持した上皇が絶えて久しかったために、父系によるこの仕組みは衰退し、代わりに母系にあたる天皇の外祖父の地位を占めた藤原北家が天皇の職務・権利を代理・代行する摂関政治が隆盛していくことになる。
- However, the political structure and financial/military support at that time were insufficient to maintain such a situation, and because many Emperors were young and short-lived in the middle of the Heian period, there was no Joko with the energy and health needed to exercise sufficient authority; consequently, this structure by which authority was exercised by the Emperor's father gradually declined and was eventually replaced by a system called Sekkan seiji (摂関政治), in which a member of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan exercised rights and performed duties in place of the Emperor, became widespread.
- 『日本三代実録』元慶8年7月8日条によれば、同年6月7日に光孝天皇から政務の要請された(通常、これを関白の開始とするが、「関白」という言葉自体は宇多天皇が出した仁和3年の詔が初出であって、太政大臣あるいは摂政としての継続の意味であった可能性もある)際に一旦これを辞退した際の基経の返答に「如何、責阿衡、以忍労力疾、役冢宰以侵暑冒寒乎。」という語句を含めている。
- According to the description of July 8, 884 in 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku,' when Mototsune was requested on June 7 of the same year by the Emperor Koko to assume state affairs (although this request is generally believed to have been the beginning of his tenure of Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), it could have been the request to continue to serve as Dajodaijin (grand minister) or Sessho (regent) since the word 'Kanpaku' was used for the first time in the shochoku issued by Emperor Uda in 887), he once declined and used in his reply the phrase of 'I wonder whether I can fulfill Ako's responsibilities even though I work hard regardless of heat and cold.'
- 明治4年7月14日 (旧暦)(1871年8月29日)に断行された廃藩置県の後始末が済まないうちに、岩倉使節団の計画が持ち上がり最終的に岩倉具視・大久保利通・木戸孝允ら明治政府を主導してきた首脳の多くが加わる一大使節団となったことから、使節団の外遊中の留守を守るとともに廃藩置県の後始末を行うための組織として太政大臣三条実美を筆頭に西郷隆盛・井上馨・大隈重信・板垣退助・江藤新平・大木喬任らによって結成された。
- The Iwakura Mission project came up before the completion of Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishement of prefectures) that had been set about on August 29, 1871, in the project Tomomi IWAKURA, Toshimichi OKUBO, Takayoshi KIDO and many other leaders of the Meiji government finally joined the great delegation, and therefore the Establishment was organized by Grand Minister Sanetomi SANJO at its head, Takamori SAIGO, Kaoru INOUE, Shigenobu OKUMA, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shinpei ETO and Takao OKI in order to protect the nation and to settle the affairs of Haihan-chiken while the Iwakura Mission was traveling abroad officially.
- 大隈の大蔵卿在任時期は1873年10月25日 ‐ 1880年2月28日であるが、実際には1869年8月15日(旧暦明治2年7月8日 (旧暦))に近代大蔵省創立とともに大蔵大輔に就任して以来事実上の大蔵省の最高責任者であり、大蔵卿退任も伊藤博文が進めた「参議・省卿分離案」によって参議専念の合意が成立したこと(後任大蔵卿佐野常民は大隈直系)によるもので、実際には1881年10月11日の御前会議による参議免官(明治14年の政変)まで大蔵省及び日本財政の責任者であった。
- Okuma served as the Minister of the Treasury from October 25, 1873 to February 28, 1880, but he had effectively been the highest officer of the Ministry of Treasury since he assumed the post of senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Treasury upon the launch of the modern Ministry of Treasury on August 15, 1869, therefore he continued to be in charge of the Ministry of Treasury and the Japanese financial policy until he was dismissed as the councilor during a conference in the presence of the Emperor on October 11, 1881 (Political Change of 1881), however his resignation as the Minister of the Treasury was because an agreement to serve exclusively as a councilor was reached by 'Proposal to Separate Councilor and Minister' promoted by Hirobumi ITO (a successor Minister of the Treasury was Tsunetami SANO, Okuma's direct subordinate).