農業: 942 Terms and Phrases

• 農業
• agriculture
• Nougyou
• agricultural
• farming
• husbandry
• agrarian

• 南農業
• Minami

• 農業国
• agricultural country
• agrarian nation

• 酪農業
• dairy farming industry

• 農業家
• farmer
• agriculturalist

• 農業の
• agrarian
• agricultural
• agriculture
• farming
• rural
• of agriculture

• 農業車
• agricultural vehicle

• 農業機
• Agricultural aircraft

• 農業神
• the farmer god

• 農業党
• Agrarian Party

• 園芸農業
• horticultural agriculture
• Market garden

• 分子農業
• molecular farming

• 農業公園
• Nougyou Park

• 農業会館
• Nougyoukaikan

• 農業環境
• agroenvironmental

• 農業工学
• agricultural engineering

• 農業排水
• agricultural waste water
• agricultural effuluent
• agricultural wastewater

• 農業短大
• Nougyoutandai

• 農業施設
• agricultural facility
• agricultural implement

• 農業生産
• agricultural production

• 農業大学
• agricultural university
• an agricultural college

• 農業高校
• agricultural high school

• 農業保険
• agricultural insurance

• 有機農業
• organic farming
• organic agriculture
• organic agriculature

• 農業大国
• major agricultural country
• agricultural power
• agripower

• 近郊農業
• agriculture in urban areas
• Urban agriculture

• 集約農業
• intensive farming
• intensive agriculture

• 混合農業
• mixed farming

• 粗放農業
• extensive agriculture

• 農業機械
• agricultural machinery
• farm machinery

• 農業革命
• agricultural revolution
• agrarian revolution
• British Agricultural Revolution

• 有畜農業
• farming complemented by raising livestock

• 畜産農業
• livestock farming

• 農業景域
• farm landscape

• 農業集落
• farming village

• 農業地区
• grass roots

• 焼畑農業
• swidden agriculture
• Slash-and-burn

• 耕種農業
• agronomy

• 水田農業
• paddyfield agriculture

• 農業所得
• agricultural income

• 農業経営
• farm management
• farming

• 農業水利
• agricultural water utilization

• 農業汚染
• agricultural pollution

• 天水農業
• rainfed agriculture

• 農業技術
• agricultural technique
• agricultural technology

• 農業気象
• agricultural meteorology

• 農業電熱
• agricultural electric heating

• 灌漑農業
• irrigated agriculture

• 農業団体
• agricultural organization

• 農業地域
• agricultural region

• 農業調査
• agricultural investigations

• 農業用水
• agricultural water
• irrigation water

• 農業融資
• Agricultural Loan

• 乾燥農業
• Dryland farming

• 農業政策
• Agricultural policy

• 農業作物
• agricultural crop

• 農業生物
• agrobiological

• 農業電化
• rural electrification

• 観光、農業
• Sightseeing, agriculture

• 農業・林業
• Agricultural industry and forest industry
• Agriculture and forestry

• 農業研究所
• Agricultural Research Administration
• Agricultural Research Institute

• 農業講習所
• Nougyoukoushuujo

• 農業試験地
• Nougyoushikenchi

• 農業試験所
• Nougyoushikenjo

• 農業廃棄物
• agricultural waste
• industrial waste

• 農業大学校
• Nougyoudaigakukou
• Nougyoudaigakkou
• Agriculture Vocational Institute

• 焼き畑農業
• shifting cultivation

• 農業試験場
• agricultural experiment station
• Nougyoushikenjou
• National Agricultural Experiment Station

• 農業従事者
• farmer
• agricultural labor force
• agricultural worker

• 農業地質学
• agricultural geology
• agrogeology

• 多角式農業
• multiple agriculture

• 純農業所得
• net farm income
• net farm profit

• 農業生物学
• agrobiology

• 農業経済学
• agronomy
• Agricultural economics

• 植民農業者
• colon

• 小規模農業
• peasant

• 農業の労務
• Agricultural labor; or

• 農業経営費
• cost of farming

• 農業水利学
• agricultural hydrotechnics

• 農業水文学
• agricultural hydrology
• agricutural hydrology

• 農業近代化
• agricultural modernization

• 農業基本法
• Agricultural Basic Law

• 農業気象学
• agricultural meteorology
• agrometeorology

• 農業気候学
• agricultural climatology

• 農業機械化
• farm mechanization

• 農業生産性
• agricultural productivity

• 農業用水法
• Agricultural Water Law

• 農業自動車
• agricultural vehicle

• 農業生産費
• agricultural production cost

• 農業生態系
• agro-ecosystem

• 農業用水路
• agricultural water channel

• 都市農業室
• Urban Agriculture Office

• 農業経営課
• Agricultural Operation Division

• 各国の農業
• Agriculture by country

• 農業化学品
• agrochemical

• 農業の女神
• goddess of agriculture

• 農業の歴史
• History of agriculture

• 日本の農業
• Agriculture in Japan

• 農業調整法
• Potato Control Law
• Agricultural Adjustment Act

• 大規模農業
• agriculture of the extensive type

• 乾燥地農業
• dry farming
• dry land farming

• 自給自足農業
• subsistence agriculture

• 農業高校農場
• Nougyoukoukounoujou

• 農業施設学会
• Society of Agricultural Structures, Japan
• SASJ

• 農業者大学校
• Nougyoushadaigakukou
• National Farmers Academy

• 農業金融公社
• Agricultural Credit Corporation

• 農業専門学校
• Nougyousenmongakkou

• 南京農業大学
• Nanjing Agricultural University
• NAU

• 農業生物資源
• agrobiological resource

• 環境制御農業
• controlled-environment agriculture

• 連邦農業銀行
• Federal Farm Bank

• 農業短期大学
• Nougyou Junior College

• 北京農業大学
• China Agricultural University
• CAU

• 農業土木学園
• Nougyoudobokugakuen

• 農業高等学校
• agricultural high school

• 農業協同組合
• agricultural cooperative

• 東北農業大学
• Northeast Agricultural University
• NEAU

• 山東農業大学
• Shandong Agricultural University

• 四川農業大学
• Sichuan Agricultural University
• SICAU

• 高等農業学園
• Koutounougyougakuen

• 東京農業大学
• Tokyo University of Agriculture

• 岡山農業大学
• Okayamanougyou University

• 甘粛農業大学
• Gansu Agricultural University

• 華南農業大学
• South China Agricultural University
• SCAU

• 県農業試験場
• Kennougyoushikenjou

• 県農業大学校
• Kennougyoudaigakkou

• 共通農業政策
• Common Agricultural Policy

• 食糧農業機関
• Food and Agriculture Organization

• 不適正な農業
• inappropriate agriculture

• 自然循環農業
• agriculture utilizing cyclical function of nature

• 農業科学技術
• agrotechnology

• 農業経営組織
• farm management organization

• 農業使用水量
• agricultural water

• 農業水利紛争
• agricultural water dispute

• 農業経営形態
• farm management type

• 農業生産構造
• agricultural production
• structure production

• 農業改良資金
• agricultural improvement fund

• 農業共同組合
• farmers' cooperative
• agricultural cooperative association

• 農業生産資材
• agricultural production material

• 農業基盤整備
• agricultural infrastructure development

• 閉鎖環境農業
• closed-environment agriculture

• 農業に有害な
• detrimental to agriculture

• 中国農業銀行
• Agricultural Bank of China

• ロシア農業党
• Agrarian Party of Russia

• 農業展覧館駅
• Agricultural Exhibition Center Station

• 農業生産施設
• facilities for agricultural productions

• ロシア農業省
• Ministry of Agriculture (Russia)

• 地域別の農業
• Agriculture by region

• 適正農業規範
• Good Agricultural Practices

• 中国農業大学
• China Agricultural University

• 農業協同組合法
• Agricultural Co-operatives Act;

• 農業者等の努力
• Efforts of Farmers

• 農業工学研究所
• National Institute for Rural Engineering
• National Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering
• National Institute of Rural Engineering

• 農業技術研修館
• Nougyougijutsukenshuukan

• 日本農業研究所
• Nihonnougyoukenkyuujo

• 農業改良普及所
• Nougyoukairyoufukyuujo

• 農業青年研修所
• Nougyouseinenkenshuusho

• 農業総合研究所
• National Research Institute of Agricultural Economics

• 国際農業工学会
• International Commission of Agricultural Engineering

• 近代的農業経営
• modernized farm management

• 北陸農業試験場
• Hokurikunougyoushikenjou

• 農業総合試験場
• Nougyousougoushikenjou

• 農業短期大学校
• Nougyoutankidaigakkou

• 国立農業試験場
• Kokuritsunougyoushikenjou

• 総合農業試験場
• Sougounougyoushikenjou

• 中国農業試験場
• Chuugokunougyoushikenjou

• 国際農業研究所
• International Institute of Agriculture

• 県立農業大学校
• Kenritsunougyoudaigakkou

• 九州農業試験場
• Kyuushuunougyoushikenjou

• 県立農業試験場
• Kenritsunougyoushikenjou

• 環境保全型農業
• sustainable agriculture

• 米国農業調整局
• Agricultural Adjustment Administration

• 米国農業工業会
• American Society of Agricultural Engineering

• 農業研究協議会
• Agricultural Research Council

• 有機農業研究会
• organic farming study group

• 農業用トラクタ
• agricultural tractor

• 農業と大地の神
• god of agriculture and earth
• god of agriculture and the earth

• 古代の農業の神
• ancient rural deity
• ancient god of agriculture

• 農業資材審議会
• Agricultural Materials Council

• 農業者年金基金
• Farmers Pension Fund

• 農業生産支援課
• Agricultural Production Support Planning Division

• 農業環境対策課
• Sustainable Agriculture and Environment Adaption Division

• 農業用水対策室
• Agricultural Water Management Office

• 持続可能な農業
• Sustainable agriculture

• 農業と草木の神
• god of agriculture and vegetation

• 戦争と農業の神
• god of war and agriculture

• 独立小農業者党
• Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party

• 多角的農業経営
• diversified farming

• 大規模農業作業
• a large-scale farming operation

• 農業基本法の廃止
• Abolition of the Agricultural Basic Act

• 農業協同組合学園
• Nougyoukyoudoukumiaigakuen

• 日本農業経営学会
• Farm Management Society of Japan

• 日本農業経済学会
• Agricultural Economics Society of Japan
• AESJ

• 日本農業気象学会
• Society of Agricultural Meteorology of Japan

• 日本農業市場学会
• Agricultural Marketing Society of Japan

• 農業機械化研修所
• Nougyoukikaikenkyuujo

• 農業機械化研究所
• Nougyoukikaikakenkyuujo

• 北海道農業試験場
• Hokkaidounougyoushikenjou

• 国連食糧農業機関
• UN Food and Agriculture Organization (Organisation)
• FAO
• Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
• United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization
• United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization

• 神戸市立農業公園
• Koubeshiritsunougyou Park

• 海外農業開発協会
• Overseas Agricultural Development Association

• 県農業総合試験場
• Kennougyousougoushikenjou

• 水源別農業集落数
• number of rural communes by water sources

• 国際農業開発基金
• International Fund for Agricultural Development
• IFAD Vietnam

• 農業を動力化する
• motorize

• 農業構造改善事業
• agricultual structure improvement project
• agricultural structure improvement works

• 農業集落排水事業
• rural sewerage project
• agricultural community effluent treatment program

• 農業基盤整備事業
• improvement ground works for agricultural productivity

• 農業に関する協定
• Agreement on Agriculture

• 農業農村整備事業
• agricultural village development program

• 農業集落排水施設
• agricultural community effluent treatment facility

• 灌漑農法（農業）
• irrigation farming

• 用水ぜき（農業）
• irrigation weir

• 農業用水の合理化
• rationalization of agricultural water use

• 農業者として働く
• work as a farmer

• 農業交易の中心地
• an agricultural trading center

• ウルフ賞農業部門
• Wolf Prize in Agriculture

• 行政院農業委員会
• Council of Agriculture

• 農業機械用タイヤ
• Tires for agricultural implements and machineries

• 大規模な農業事業
• a large-scale farming enterprise

• 農業の持続的な発展
• Sustainable Agricultural Development

• 農業生物資源研究所
• National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
• Nougyouseibutsushigenkenkyujo
• National Institute of Agrobiological Resources

• 日本農業実踐大学校
• Nihonnougyoujissendaigakkou

• 農業環境技術研究所
• National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences
• NIAES
• Nougyoukankyougijutsukenkyujo
• National Institute of Agroenvironmental Sciences
• National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences

• 農業大学校双葉分校
• Nougyoudaigakkoufutababunkou

• 農業大学校長坂教場
• Nougyoudaigakkounagasakakyoujou

• 道立十勝農業試験場
• Douritsutokachinougyoushikenjou

• 食料農業政策研究所
• Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute
• FAPRI

• 九大農業実験実習場
• Kyuudainougyoujikkenjisshuujou

• 地域住民参加型農業
• community supported agriculture

• 国際農業生産者連盟
• International Federation of Agricultural Producers

• 農業労務の先取特権
• Statutory Liens for Agricultural Labor

• 農業・農村体験活動
• agriculture and village-life experience activity

• 農業生産基盤の整備
• fortification of foundation for agricultural production

• 農業土木学会（社）
• 'The Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Reclamation Engineering'
• JSIDRE

• 部分的開放環境農業
• partially-open-environment agriculture

• 農業で使われる機械
• a machine used in farming

• 農業団体指導検査室
• Agricultural Organizations Guidance and Inspection Office

• 農業農村振興事務所
• Agricultural and Rural Development Promotion Offices

• 農業基盤管理推進室
• Agricultural Asset Management Promotion Office

• リトアニア農業大学
• Aleksandras Stulginskis University

• 農業機械用結束ひも
• Agricultural machinery−Twines for binders

• 農業機械—安全通則
• Agricultural machinery−General requirement for safety

• フランスの農業地域
• the farming regions of France

• 農業生産の基盤の整備
• Improvement of Agricultural Production Base

• 農業者等の努力の支援
• Support Provided to the Efforts of Farmers

• 国際塩水農業センター
• International Center for Biosaline Agriculture(ICBA)

• 国際連合食糧農業機関
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
• Regional Data Exchange System
• CountrySTAT

• 英国農業化学物質協会
• British Agrochemicals Association

• 東京農業大学富士農場
• Toukyounougyoudaigakufujinoujou

• 渡里農業用水道送水路
• Watarinougyouyousuidousousuiro

• 県農業試験場阿蘇分場
• Kennougyoushikenjouasobunjou

• 有機農業オーナー制度
• organically grown produce ownership program

• 国連国際農業開発基金
• United Nations International Fund for Agricultural Development

• 農業用地下水利用実態
• FY 1991 State of Use of Groundwater for Agriculture

• 私の専攻は農業です。
• My major is agriculture.

• 戦争と狩猟と農業の神
• god of war and the chase and agriculture

• 農業地域の商業中心地
• commercial center of an agricultural region

• 東北農業研究センター
• National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region

• アメリカ合衆国の農業
• Agriculture in the United States

• 農業技術振興センター
• Agricultural Technology Promotion Center

• 農業用機械器具の貸与
• farming equipment rental

• 中華人民共和国農業部
• Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China

• 名古屋市農業センター
• Nagoya Agricultural Center

• 農業関連のスタブ項目
• Agriculture stubs

• クックの初期農業遺跡
• Kuk Swamp

• - 北海道の農業指導
• - Served as an agricultural adviser in Hokkaido

• 株式会社農業法人ふるる
• Fururufarm Inc.

• 高齢農業者の活動の促進
• Promotion of Activities by Elderly Farmers

• 望ましい農業構造の確立
• Establishment of Desirable Agriculture

• 食料・農業・農村基本法
• Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas Basic Act

• 農業から工業国への変換
• the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation

• 農業はどうでしょうか。
• What about farming?

• 農業が行われる田園地域
• a rural area where farming is practiced

• アラブ諸国の農業労働者
• an agricultural laborer in Arab countries

• 北海道農業研究センター
• National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region

• 湖東農業農村振興事務所
• Eastern Shiga Agricultural and Rural Development Promotion Office

• 湖北農業農村振興事務所
• Northern Shiga Agricultural and Rural Development Promotion Office

• 甲賀農業農村振興事務所
• Koka Agricultural and Rural Development Promotion Office

• 高島農業農村振興事務所
• Takashima Agricultural and Rural Development Promotion Office

• 農業用噴霧機樹脂ホース
• Spray thermoplastic hoses for agricultural use

• 戦争と農業のローマの神
• Roman god of war and agriculture

• 農業協同組合 (韓国)
• Nonghyup

• 農業は大変な生活である
• farming is a strenuous life

• 農業生産組織の活動の促進
• Promotion of Activities of Agricultural Production Organizations

• 同県農業試験場にて交配。
• It was cross-fertilized in the agricultural experiment station of Aomori Prefecture.

• 食料・農業・農村基本計画
• Basic Plan for Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas

• 農業：柚子と銀杏が中心。
• Agriculture: Chiefly yuzu citrus and gingko

• 八ヶ岳中央農業実践大学校
• Yatsugatakechuuounougyoujissendaigakukou

• 国際農業研究協議グループ
• Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
• CGIAR

• 農業や他の目的で使われる
• used in farming and other applications

• 彼は農業に従事している。
• He engaged in agriculture.

• 農業住宅には納屋がある。
• Farmhouses have barns.

• 九州沖縄農業研究センター
• National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region

• 中央農業研究総合センター
• National Agricultural Research Center

• 東近江農業農村振興事務所
• East Omi Agricultural and Rural Development Promotion Office

• 農業用トラクタの連結ピン
• Connecting-pins for Agricultural Tractors

• 農業従事者と家族の住む家
• house for a farmer and family

• バインダー (農業機械)
• Reaper-binder

• 農業災害による損失の補てん
• Agricultural Disaster Compensation

• 中部（中丹）--農業、林業
• The central area (Chutan): agricultural industry, forest industry

• 京都府農業資源研究センター
• The Kyoto Prefectural agricultural resource research center

• U：農業、工芸および専門職
• U: Agriculture, crafts and professions

• 彼は農業大学へ行きました。
• He went to a college of agriculture.

• 農業が25.2パーセント。
• The agriculture was 25.2 percent.

• 彼は農業の研究をしている。
• He is studying agriculture.

• 農業は多量の水を消費する。
• Agriculture consumes a great amount of water.

• 食料・農業・農村政策審議会
• Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies

• エーランド島南部の農業景観
• Stora Alvaret

• 農業・協同組合省 (タイ)
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (Thailand)

• 大阪府立大学農業短期大学部
• College of Agriculture, Osaka Prefecture University

• 楊凌農業高新技術産業示範区
• Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone

• 農業用ポリエチレンフィルム
• Polyethylene films for agriculture

• 農業機械用フィードチェーン
• Agricultural machinery−Feed chains

• 農業用トラクタの動力取出軸
• Power Take-off for Agricultural Tractors

• ポーランド農業・農村振興省
• Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Poland)

• 土地の（または農業の）社会
• an agrarian (or agricultural) society

• 農業（または、農場）の設備
• agricultural (or farm) equipment

• - 北海道の農業指導（米）
• - Served as an agricultural adviser in Hokkaido

• 農林水産省落葉果樹農業研修所
• Nourinsuisanshourakuyoukajunougyou Training Institute

• 農業水利施設魚道整備促進事業
• Program to Promote the Development of Fish Ladders in Agricultural Irrigation Facilities

• 日本農業土木総合研究所（財）
• JIID
• The Japanese Institute of Irrigation and Drainage

• 農業用の大きな覆いのない荷車
• large open farm wagon

• 近畿中国四国農業研究センター
• National Agricultural Research Center for Western Region

• 大津・南部農業農村振興事務所
• Otsu and Southern Shiga Agricultural and Rural Development Promotion Office

• オーストラリア農業資源経済局
• Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics

• 農業用トラクタメーカーの一覧
• List of tractor manufacturers

• 農業で生活するのは楽ではない
• farming is a hard means of subsistence

• 京都農業協同組合亀岡大井支店
• Kyoto Agricultural Cooperative Kameoka-Oi Branch Office

• 農業委員会・農業委員会事務局
• Agricultural Committee, Secretariat of Agricultural Committee

• 農業資材の生産及び流通の合理化
• Rationalization of Production and Distribution of Agricultural Materials

• 農業の持続的な発展に関する施策
• Policy on Sustainable Agricultural Development

• 競合〔農業用水と工業用水との〕
• conflict
• crash

• 地球環境保全型の農業･物質生産
• environment-friendly agriculture and material manufacturing

• 農業振興地域の整備に関する法律
• Law for the Improvement of Agricultural Development Area

• 彼には農業の経験がありますか。
• Has he got any experience of farming?

• 農業には肥えた土地が不可欠だ。
• Fertile soil is indispensable for agriculture.

• 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構
• National Agriculture and Food Research Organization

• 農業用車輪トラクタの仕様書様式
• Standard Form of Specifications of Agricultural Wheeled Tractors

• 農業用歩行トラクタの仕様書様式
• Format of Specification for Agricultural Walking Tractors

• その国は――平坦で農業の盛んな
• the country--the flat agricultural surround

• 農業中江吉次の長男として誕生。
• He was born as the first son of a farmer Kichiji NAKAE.

• 農業集落排水資源循環総合補助事業
• Project to Subsidize Integrated Rural Sewage Resource Circulation

• 農業と環境に関する合同専門家会合
• OECD/Joint Working Party on Agriculture and Environment

• 農業･牧畜業に替わる新しい収入源
• alternative income source

• 世界的な農業生産高は伸びていた。
• Global agricultural output was expanding.

• 農業はその国の経済のもとである。
• Agriculture is economy of the country.

• 農業用トラクタの旋回性能試験方法
• Testing Method for Turning Circle and Turning Space of Agricultural Tractors

• 現代の農業（または、農耕）の方法
• modern agricultural (or farming) methods

• ----農業奨励・租税・金銭貸借
• Encouraging agriculture, taxation, borrowing and lending money

• 老農（篤農家）・農業技術指導者。
• He was an experienced farmer (an exemplary good farmer) and an instructor of agricultural techniques.

• 第四章　食料・農業・農村政策審議会
• Chapter4 The Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies

• 鎌倉時代から農業生産力が向上する。
• Agricultural production began to increase starting in the Kamakura period.

• 僕は決して農業が嫌いな訳じゃない。
• By no means do I dislike farming.

• 農業用トラクタのけん引性能試験方法
• Testing method for drawbar performance of agricultural tractors

• 農業用トラクタのヒッチ部の主要寸法
• Dimensions of Hitches for Agricultural Tractors

• 家畜（特に雄牛）の飼育のための農業
• farming for the raising of livestock (particularly cattle)

• 海外農業開発コンサルタンツ協会（社）
• ADCA
• Agricultural Development Consultants Association

• クリーン・アンド・リサイクリング農業
• clean and recycling agriculture

• その国の経済は、農業に依存している。
• The country's economy depends on agriculture.

• 彼らはもともと農業をやっていました。
• Originally they were farmers.

• 太陽神、農業神として信仰されている。
• Ame no Hoakari is worshipped as a god of the sun as well as agriculture.

• 大量の農業または産業の製品を産出する
• yielding a large amount of agricultural or industrial production

• 農業生物学の、または、それに関連する
• of or pertaining to agrobiology

• - 北海道の農業指導、道路など（米）
• - Served as an agricultural adviser in Hokkaido, and also worked on other projects, including roads

• 白川と坪井川を結ぶ農業用水路である。
• It was an irrigation channel connecting Shira-kawa River with Tsuboi-gawa River.

• 農業・菅波久助の長子として生まれる。
• He was born as the eldest child of farmer Kyusuke (久助) KANBA.

• 農業科学の、または、農業科学に関する
• of or related to agrology

• コロンビア南西部の都市で豊かな農業地帯
• city in southwestern Colombia in a rich agricultural area

• 農業機械で、食用作物を畑から集めるもの
• farm machine that gathers a food crop from the fields

• 豊かな農業地域の中心に位置する工業都市
• industrial city at the center of a rich agricultural region

• 農業機械−安全標識及び危険図−一般原則
• Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment-Safety signs and hazard pictorials-General principles

• 農業殺虫剤として使われる白い結晶質の粉
• a white crystalline powder used as an agricultural insecticide

• 古代人の粗雑な兵器と粗末な農業機械器具
• the crude weapons and rude agricultural implements of early man

• 謂わば新興勢力の「農業経営者」である。
• They were, so to speak, an emerging force of 'agricultural managers.'

• - 薮内他美：石川県農業薮内家に嫁す。
• Tami YABUNOUCHI: Married into the Yabunouchi family, a farmer in Ishikawa Prefecture.

• 日露戦争時は非常時農業対策に参画した。
• During the Russo-Japanese War, he participated in the emergency agricultural policy.

• 専ら農業を営む者等による農業経営の展開
• Development of Farm Management by Full-time Farmers

• 同県農業試験場にて山田錦/華吹雪を交配。
• The agricultural experiment station of Aomori Prefecture cross-fertilized Yamada nishiki/Hanafubuki.

• 2. 農業が盛んで収穫が高く豊かな土地。
• 2. A well harvested, rich, fertile land suitable for agriculture.

• 京都府南丹農業改良普及センター（南丹市）
• The Nantan Center of Kyoto Prefecture for Improving and Popularizing Agriculture (Nantan City)

• 政府は農業にもっとお金を投資するべきだ。
• The government should invest more money in agriculture.

• 農業用車輪トラクタの車輪取付部の主要寸法
• Dimensions for Wheel Fixing on Hub for Agricultural Wheeled Tractors

• 農業用トラクタの主動力取出軸性能試験方法
• Testing method for main power take-off performance of agricultural tractors

• 食糧と農業の国際組織に関する国際連合機関
• the United Nations agency concerned with the international organization of food and agriculture

• 多くが農業のための貴重な花粉媒介者である
• many are valuable pollinators for agriculture

• 私の息子はカリフォルニアで農業をしている
• My son is farming in California

• 我々は、新しい農業政策をめぐって衝突した
• We clashed over the new farm policies

• 1934年4月： 農業科を農林科と改称。
• April 1934: Department of Agriculture was renamed Department of Agriculture and Forestry.

• しばしば農業や工業で使われるカリウム化合物
• a potassium compound often used in agriculture and industry

• 農業用車輪トラクタの3点支持装置の主要寸法
• Dimensions of three-point linkages for agricultural wheeled tractors

• その醸造所で知られている繁栄する農業の中心
• a flourishing agricultural center known for its breweries

• 単一植物の農業に関連する流行性植物病の状態
• epiphytotic conditions associated with a single-plant agriculture

• 主な産業は、農業（稲作、酪農が中心）と林業。
• Agriculture (centered on rice cultivation and dairy farming) and forestry are the town's main industries.

• 屯倉は、朝廷直轄の農業経営地あるいは直轄領。
• Miyake is agricultural land under the direct control of Imperial Court, or a directly controlled fief.

• 全国と同じく農業就労者の高齢化も進んでいる。
• The agricultural workers face an advancing aging crisis which mirrors the rest of the country.

• 国道1号線より西側では近郊農業が盛んである。
• Suburban agriculture is active in the western part of National Route 1.

• 家畜用のウマまたは他の家畜のための農業用建物
• a farm building for housing horses or other livestock

• 肥沃な農業地帯の真ん中にある西北海道のある町
• a city on western Hokkaido that is the center of a fertile agricultural area

• 荒地を、居住や農業に適した土地に転換すること
• the conversion of wasteland into land suitable for use of habitation or cultivation

• しばしば建設と農業の土を動かすのに使用される
• frequently used for moving earth in construction and farm work

• 農業用トラクタのフロント及びミッド動力取出軸
• Agricultural tractors−Front and mid power take-off

• 工業、農業、商売などにおける、特定の職の訓練
• training for a specific vocation in industry or agriculture or trade

• 農業や田園の生活を送る、またはそれらに特有の
• living in or characteristic of farming or country life

• 1882年　農業指導のため長崎県へ出張巡回。
• In 1882, he travelled around Nagasaki Prefecture to provide agricultural trainings.

• 最寄り駅は南京地下鉄一号線、鼓楼・農業銀行駅。
• The closest subway station is Drum Tower and Agricultural Bank Station on Nanjing Subway Line 1.

• 農業の比率が高く、梨が名産品として定評がある。
• The agriculture makes up the highest rate of the its industry and pears have high reputation as its specialty.

• 四季の変化は日本の農業に多大な貢献をしている。
• The changing seasons in Japan do much to Japan's agriculture.

• 七飯町は自町を「西洋農業発祥の地」としている。
• Nanae town regards itself as 'the birthplace of western agriculture.'

• 父は町人福田又右衛門正栄で、油屋と農業を営む。
• His father was a chonin (townspeople), Mataemon Masae FUKUDA, who did farming and ran an oil store.

• 運営は指定管理者の株式会社農業法人ふるるが行う。
• It is operated by Fururufarm Inc. which was designated to manage the farm.

• 山形県立村山農業高等学校が山田錦/金紋錦を交配。
• Yamagata Prefectural Murayama Agricultural High School cross-fertilized Yamada nishiki/Kinmon nishiki.

• 持続性の高い農業生産方式の導入の促進に関する法律
• Law for Promoting the Introduction of Sustainable Agricultural Practices

• 海外向け食品の輸出は農業関連産業の柱の一つです。
• Overseas food exports are one of the mainstays of agribusiness.

• バイオテクノロジーは農業に革命をもたらすだろう。
• Biotechnology will bring about a revolution in agriculture.

• バビロニアの知恵と農業の神で、書記と学校の守護者
• Babylonian god of wisdom and agriculture and patron of scribes and schools

• 米国政府機関または連邦農業信用制度が発行する債券
• a security issued by United States government agencies or the Farm Credit System

• 農業は穀物を育てるための土壌の耕作と定義される。
• Agriculture is defined as the cultivation of soil for growing crops.

• 農業用車輪トラクタのリンク形ドローバーの主要寸法
• Dimensions of Link Type Drawbars for Agricultural Wheeled Tractors

• 農村に住んで農業経営にあたり、農民を直接支配した。
• They lived in rural areas, conducted farm management and controlled the farmers.

• 同県古川農業試験場にて交配、2000年に品種登録。
• Cross-fertilized in the Miyagi Prefecture Furukawa Agricultural Experiment Station (MFAES)

• 1915年、同県農業試験場にて強力2号を純系分離。
• In 1915, the Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station conducted the pure-line selection of Goriki No.2.

• 彼女は自分の農業にあらゆる努力を捧げているようだ。
• She seems to devote all her efforts to her career.

• 小型で細い翅を持つガで、その幼虫は農業病害虫である
• small slender-winged moths whose larvae are agricultural pests

• 農業のために生育された作物（果物または野菜以外で）
• a crop (other than fruits or vegetables) that is grown for agricultural purposes

• ケルト族の、火、生産、農業、家政、および知恵の女神
• Celtic goddess of fire and fertility and agriculture and household arts and wisdom

• この集落の生業はアワなどを栽培する畑作農業である。
• The inhabitants lived on cultivating crops such as millet.

• 実業学校令、農業学校規程に基づき甲種農学校となる。
• Vocational School Order and Agricultural School Regulations designated the school as a class-A Agricultural School.

• 京都府農業総合研究所、京都府立大学附属農場の源流。
• The station is the origin of the Kyoto Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and University Farm of Kyoto Prefectural University.

• 食料、農業及び農村に関する施策についての基本的な方針
• Basic direction of the policies on food, agriculture and rural areas.

• 主な産業は、農業（ブドウ、稲作、酪農が中心）と林業。
• The main industries are agriculture (mainly grapes, rice-crop, and dairy farming) and forestry.

• いつの日か人間は砂漠を開拓して農業に利用するだろう。
• Some day man will reclaim the desert for agriculture.

• 重要な農業地域の中心でありシエラネバダ山脈への出入口
• center of an important agricultural area and gateway to the Sierra Nevada Mountains

• 農業や職人よりもむしろ大工場を基礎に築かれた経済制度
• an economic system built on large industries rather than on agriculture or craftsmanship

• 育成して栽培する、しばしは農業技術の方法の改良を含む
• cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques

• また、農業保護とともに、地主の利益擁護の側面が強い。
• It also emphasizes the aspects of advocacy for landlords' interests along with agricultural protection.

• 曾孫に、作家で東京農業大学客員教授の榎本隆充がいる。
• Takamitsu ENOMOTO, a novelist and a guest professor of the Tokyo University of Agriculture, is his great grandson.

• 後には農業用水や友禅染などにも用いられるようになった。
• Later, the water was also used for agricultural purposes and for Yuzen dyeing.

• 第一次産業が基盤であり、漁業・林業・農業が主であった。
• The industry was based on primary industries, mainly fishery, forestry and farming.

• 青年期を実業家として過ごしたが、やがて農業に転向する。
• He made his way as a young entrepreneur however, over time he shifted to agriculture.

• この時代農業を除くと、生糸こそ日本の主要産業であった。
• In this era, a key industry of Japan except agriculture was a production of raw silk thread.

• 農業基本法（昭和三十六年法律第百二十七号）は、廃止する。
• The Agricultural Basic Act (Act No. 127 of 1961) shall be abolished.

• 政府に雇われて、田舎の人々の農業経営や家政に力を貸す顧問
• an advisor employed by the government to assist people in rural areas with methods of farming and home economics

• 2代目彦三郎、3代目太郎左衛門まで才谷村で農業を営んだ。
• Until the second generation Hikosaburo and the third generation Tarozaemon, the SAKAMOTO family had been engaged in farming.

• 日本の競争力は工業製品では非常に強いが、農業産品では弱い。
• Japan's competitiveness is very strong in industrial products, but weak in agricultural products.

• ある特定の目的（建築や農業など）のために使われる土地の面積
• an area of ground used for some particular purpose (such as building or farming)

• 農業の技術的、経済的発展および改良を目的として設立された。
• It was founded for the purposes of technical, economical development and improvement of agriculture.

• 松尾家は農業を業としていたが、松尾の苗字を持つ家柄だった。
• The Matsuo family held the plow, but the social standing of the family was that of a family name of Matsuo.

• 宝ヶ池は江戸時代に農業用のため池として作られた人口池である。
• Takaragaike Pond was built as an agricultural irrigation pond in the Edo period.

• これはJA和歌山県連の商品で、農業協同組合などで売っている。
• It is a commercial product of Wakayama Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Co-Operatives and is sold at Agricultural Cooperative shops and so on.

• また、観光農園も多数あり、農業と観光産業が結びつきつつある。
• Additionally, there are many farm shops, with agriculture and tourism being united more and more.

• 同県農業試験場にて交配、2005年栃木県産地品種銘柄に指定。
• The prefectural agricultural experiment station of Tochigi Prefecture cross-fertilized it, and in 2005 the variety was designated as a brand variety of the growing district of Tochigi Prefecture.

• 火の神であると同様に農業や家畜、家族を守る守護神ともされる。
• Kamado-gami is the god of fire and, at the same time, the guardian god of agriculture, livestock, and family.

• 国造りの神、農業神、商業神、医療神などとして信仰されている。
• Okuninushi has been worshipped as a god of building nations, agriculture, commerce, and medicine.

• 日本では、経済力は農業生産力、ことに米の生産力が主流である。
• In Japan, the major economical power was agricultural productivity, particularly, rice production.

• 1877年　農業試験の経験に基づき、『勧農新書』初版を発行。
• In 1877, based on his experiences in agricultural experiments, he issued the first edition of 'Kanno Shinsho'.

• 1928年5月： 本科第1部を農業科、第2部を農林科と改称。
• May 1928: First and second departments of the regular course were renamed Department of Agriculture and Department of Agriculture and Forestry, respectively.

• 井上はカリフォルニア州で農業を営み「時事新報」に体験を寄稿。
• While Inoue was engaged in farming in California, he contributed the articles about his foreign experiences to a Japanese daily newspaper, 'Jiji Shinpo.'

• 1943年、農業団体法の成立によって中央農業会に統合された。
• In 1943, it merged with Central Agricultural Society due to the establishment of Agriculture Organization Act.

• 食料、農業及び農村に関し、政府が総合的かつ計画的に講ずべき施策
• Policies that the Government shall implement comprehensively and systematically for food, agriculture and rural areas.

• 巨椋池が干拓された時点で漁業の歴史は終結し、農業に転換された。
• Its fishery history ended when the Ogura-ike Pond was reclaimed, and agriculture replaced fishing.

• 江戸時代末期から明治・大正にかけて活躍し各地の農業を指導した。
• Rikinosuke had great success as an instructor of agricultural techniques in various places from the end of Edo Period to the Meiji and Taisho Periods.

• 徳川育英会育英黌農業科（東京農業大学の前身）の創設者でもある。
• He was also a founder of the Department of Agriculture, Ikueiko School, Tokugawa Ikuei-kai Foundation (the predecessor of Tokyo University of Agriculture).

• 農業経済学の、農業経済学に関する、または、農業経済学を促進する
• of or relating to or promoting agronomy

• 農林水産省の管轄であった農業試験場で開発された酒米の品種をさす。
• This means varieties of sakamai that have been developed by the agricultural experiment stations under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan.

• かつては米作などの農業、およびタケノコなどの採取が有名であった。
• Oyamazaki-cho was known for agriculture such as rice farming as well as gathering of bamboo shoots.

• 巨椋池においては内水面漁業、沿岸では水田耕作等の農業が営まれた。
• Inland water fisheries in Ogura-ike Pond and farming such as paddy cultivation were practiced on the shore.

• 同県農業試験場にて純米吟醸酒に合う酒米として交配開始、選抜固定。
• Cross-fertilization was conducted by the Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station as sakamai suitable for ginjo sake with no added alcohol, and selection and fixation were conducted.

• 手工業においても農業においても私たちは彼らを雇用できないからだ。
• For we can neither employ them in handicraft or agriculture;

• 農業地域の商業的中心地であるブルガリア北東部（バルナの北）の都市
• a city in northeastern Bulgaria (north of Varna) that is the commercial center of an agricultural region

• 潅漑のための繁盛している農業地域になった以前の砂漠に位置している
• situated in a former desert that has become a prosperous agricultural area thanks to irrigation

• 農業機械−操縦装置用及び表示用の識別記号−第１部：一般的識別記号
• Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment-Symbols for operator controls and other displays-Part 1: Common symbols

• 諸民学校には農業学校、通弁学校、商業学校、工業学校が定められた。
• It was provided that Shomin Gakko should include agricultural schools, interpretational schools, commercial schools and technical schools.

• 地元で当時高等園芸と言われた温室栽培など農業改良運動に従事した。
• Since then, he worked there on the agricultural improvement activities by developing a greenhouse cultivation system, which was still an advanced horticulture in those days, and so on.

• 零細農民の救済、治山治水等の土木事業により農業政策を充実させた。
• Banzan promoted agricultural policy by helping small-scale peasants and by implementing construction work including forestry and flood control.

• 同県農業総合試験場山間農業研究所にて交配、2001年に品種登録。
• The institute for agriculture in the mountainous area of Aichi Agricultural Research Center cross-fertilized the variety, which was then registered in 2001.

• 農業技術：農業器具の進歩、千歯こき・備中鍬、金肥料（干鰯、油粕）
• Agricultural technique: Upgrading of agricultural tools, comb-shaped hand thresher (Senbakoki) and Bicchu hoe, and purchased fertilizer (dried sardine and oil cake)

• 同県農業試験場にてトヨニシキ/美山錦を交配、2000年に品種登録。
• The prefectural agricultural experiment station of Akita Prefecture cross-fertilized Toyo nishiki/Miyama nishiki, and in 2000 the variety was registered.

• 同県農業試験場にて八反錦1号/出羽燦々を交配、2003年品種登録。
• The prefectural agricultural experiment station of Fukushima Prefecture cross-fertilized Hattan nishiki No. 1/Dewa sansan, and in 2003 the variety was registered.

• 動産の売買、種苗又は肥料の供給、農業の労務及び工業の労務の先取特権
• Statutory liens for the sale of movables, the supply of seed or fertilizer, agricultural labor and industrial labor.

• 江戸時代の農業技術の飛躍的な向上は田守たちの活躍によるものである。
• The Edo period saw a significant improvement of farming techniques thanks to the tamori.

• 田沼は、それまでの農業依存体質を改め、重商主義政策を実行に移した。
• Tanuma reformed a conventional structure depending on agriculture, and put a Mercantilism policy into action.

• 国の農業政策の一環として開発された北海道、長野県などがこれにあたる。
• The Hokkaido and Nagano Prefectures, for which developments were conducted as part of the national agricultural policies, correspond to this.

• 古くは平家落人の隠れ里で焼畑農業によってソバが作られ常食されていた。
• In the old days, this area was a hidden village of Heike no Ochudo (fugitives from the Genpei War) where buckwheat, their staple food, was cultivated by hidden agriculture.

• 農業改革への反乱を指導したメキシコの革命家（1879年−1919年）
• Mexican revolutionary who led a revolt for agrarian reforms (1879-1919)

• 農業用の除草剤として広く使用されるトリアジンから抽出される合成化合物
• a synthetic compound derived from triazine that is widely used as an agricultural herbicide

• 4つのバルナの3番目：平民、ヨーマン農業者、商人、専門家のカテゴリー
• the third of the four varnas: the commoners or yeoman farmers or mercantile and professional category

• このことにより職業的に農業との分離が促進され、より専門性が高まった。
• This encouraged categorical separation of these occupations away from farming and led them greater specialization.

• 農業や治水面での不作為が原因で、現地の住民や政府・行政に責任がある。
• It has been caused because no appropriate actions have been taken for farming and controlling water, and the responsibility resides in the residents, governments and administrations concerned.

• 明治6年（1873年）からは開拓使として北海道の農業開拓に従事した。
• Since 1873, he worked on development of agriculture in Hokkaido Prefecture as the Development Commissioner.

• 長岡京が平安京に移されてのちはその後背地として農業を産業の中心とした。
• After the capital was transferred from Nagaoka-kyo to Heian-kyo, agriculture became the main industry in the area as a backland for the new capital.

• 行橋市南西部、みやこ町、築上町北部は田園地帯であり、農業が盛んである。
• The southwest part of Yukuhashi City, Miyako Town and the northern part of Chikujo Town are all rural areas, where agriculture is the main industry.

• 同県農業総合センターにて岐系89号/月の光を交配、2003年品種登録。
• The prefectural agricultural experiment station of Ibaraki Prefecture cross-fertilized Gi-kei No. 89/Tsuki no hikari, and in 2003 the variety was registered.

• この形のものは、農業機械が発達するまえの農耕馬の時代から伝わっている。
• This type of machine form has been passed down from the age of farm horses before the development of farm machines.

• なんと言っても、今日の衛生状態と農業はまだ未熟な段階でしかありません。
• `After all, the sanitation and the agriculture of to-day are still in the rudimentary stage.

• 本来は穀物・農業の神であるが、現在は産業全般の神として信仰されている。
• Initially, the god was the harvest and agriculture god, but now, it is worshipped as the god of all industries.

• この土地は元々、農業を主な産業としていた栃木県下都賀郡谷中村であった。
• The site originally belonged to Yanaka Village, Shimotsuga County, Tochigi Prefecture, which residents had been making their living mainly from the soil.

• 弥生時代には農業、特に水稲農耕の採用によって穀物の備蓄が可能になった。
• During the Yayoi period, adaptation of farming, especially rice-paddy cultivation, enabled the storage of grain.

• 耕地整理も奈良の指導で仙北郡内で最初に行われ、今日の農業の礎を築いた。
• The first redevelopment of arable land was operated in Senboku District under the instruction of NARA, which laid the foundation of modern agriculture in Japan.

• あるいは農業に限らず「事業者」「納税者」と読んだ方が良いかもしれない。
• Or, they could be called 'operators' or 'taxpayers,' who were not limited to the field of agriculture.

• 尚後年に農業協同組合前は八幡市立有都小学校に停留所名が改称されている。
• By the way, the name of the bus stop, Agricultural Cooporative Association, was later changed to Yawata Municipal Yuto Elementary School.

• 自然生態系農業(有機農業)の推進に関する条例(宮崎県綾町)(S63)
• Ordinance concerning the Promotion of Natural Ecosystem Agriculture (organic farming) of Ayacho Town, Miyazaki Prefecture (1988)

• 同県立農業試験場にてたかね錦（信交190号）より二次選抜して命名された。
• It was adopted by secondary selection from Takane nishiki (Shinko No. 190) by the prefectural agricultural experiment station of Akita Prefecture.

• そのため、農業は三年に一度を平作とするほど洪水に左右されるものであった。
• Consequently, farming in the area was subject to floods whereby one could expect normal crops only once every three years.

• 生け垣もなければ財産権のしるしもなく、農業の存在もうかがえませんでした。
• There were no hedges, no signs of proprietary rights, no evidences of agriculture;

• 有名な農業用の草と同様に装飾用と牧草地用の種を含む一年生または多年生の草
• annual or perennial grasses including decorative and meadow species as well as notorious agricultural weeds

• 農業神、稲穂の神、養蚕の神、木綿の神、産業の神などとして信仰されている。
• Amenohohi is professed as a god of agriculture, rice ear, sericulture, cotton, industry and others.

• 現代のイスラエルにおいてそのメンバーによって所有される集団農業または開拓
• a collective farm or settlement owned by its members in modern Israel

• 本科第3学年を第1部 （農業）、第2部 （林業） に分け、補習科を設置。
• Third grade of the regular course was divided into first (agriculture) and second (forestry) departments, and a supplementary course was established.

• 農業団地では農産物を集荷し加工運般するための工場等が必要となる場合もある。
• Agricultural danchi may also require installations such as factories so that agricultural products can be collected, processed, or transported.

• 農林水産省に、食料・農業・農村政策審議会（以下「審議会」という。）を置く。
• The Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies (hereinafter referred to as the 'Council') in the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is hereby established.

• 同県農業試験場にて秋系酒251/秋系酒306を交配し、選抜・固定を進めた。
• The agricultural experiment station of Akita Prefecture cross-fertilized Aki-kei sake 251/Aki-kei sake 306, and carried out selection and fixation.

• 昔から農業・林業を生業とする家庭が多く、昼食を畑や山で取ることが多かった。
• Since the fast past, there have been many families engaged in agriculture or forestry, and such people often had lunch at fields or in mountains.

• 戦乱が続く時代だったが内外の通商は盛んで、農業・工業ともに技術が向上した。
• Despite being a period of continuous warfare and turmoil, both domestic and overseas trade flourished, and significant technological advances were made in both agriculture and industry.

• 熱帯諸国では、熱帯林を野焼きすることによる焼畑農業が広くおこなわれている。
• In tropical countries, swidden agriculture in which tropical forestland is burned is widely conducted.

• （土地について）木とブラシをきれいにすることにより、発展または農業に備える
• (of land) made ready for development or agriculture by clearing of trees and brush

• 農業または農作業を促進する、またはそれらで使用される、またはそれらに関する
• relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming

• 久延毘古はかかしを神格化したものであり、田の神、農業の神、土地の神である。
• Kuebiko is a scarecrow deified as the god of rice paddies in farming and local communities.

• 農業機械−操縦装置用及び表示用の識別記号−第５部：携帯式林業機械の識別記号
• Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment-Symbols for operator controls and other displays-Part 5: Symbols for manual portable forestry machinery

• ウガヤフキアエズは、他の天皇につながる神と同様に農業の神として信仰される。
• Like other deities connected to emperors, Ugayafukiaezu is worshipped as a deity of agriculture.

• 1890年、秋田県仙北郡花館村（現・大仙市）に農業指導者として招聘された。
• In 1890, he was offered a post as an agricultural advisory from Hanadate Village, Senboku District, Akita Prefecture (currently Daisen City).

• このため、しだいに医師会や農業団体など保守・中道系の一部の支持も獲得する。
• As a result, he gradually won support from parts of conservative-blocs and centrist-blocs such as medical associations and agricultural organizations.

• 市町村、農業者又はその組織する団体が行う防除に対する指導及び協力に関する事務
• Office work relating to guidance on and cooperation with Control implemented by municipality, agricultural workers or bodies organized by them;

• 銀行と協会が農業者と関連するビジネスに預金を提供する協力的で全国的なシステム
• a cooperative nationwide system of banks and associations providing credit to farmers and related businesses

• 1928年から「市況通報」を発行した（1937年、「日本農業新聞」に改題）。
• The paper called 'Market Trend Report' was released from 1928 (the name was changed into 'Japan Agriculture Times' in 1937).

• 棚田は1つの田当たりの耕作面積が小さく、「大型」農業機械の導入が困難である。
• Tanada has so small a cultivated area that it is difficult to introduce 'large' agricultural machines.

• その他、特記すべきことは、摘葉、摘茎が子芋の肥大に欠かせない農業の一つである。
• Other than the above, one thing especially worth mentioning is that removing leaves and stems is one of the essential farming techniques needed to make the smaller potatoes larger.

• 米国の写真家で、大恐慌時の農業労働者の肖像で知られる（1895年−1965年）
• United States photographer remembered for her portraits of rural workers during the Depression (1895-1965)

• 市場に出す余剰農産物は作らず、自身が基本的に必要としている分だけを供給する農業
• farming that provides for the basic needs of the farmer without surpluses for marketing

• 出挙は元々、農業生産の推進・奨励、すなわち勧農の一つとして位置づけられていた。
• Suiko was originally regarded as a system to promote and encourage agricultural production, namely a kind of encouraging of agriculture.

• 複数の国家間で、観測機器や資金の援助、植林や農業指導などの協力も行われている。
• Among these nations, cooperation has been made concerning aid for observation instruments and funds concerned, and cooperation has been also made about planting trees and providing guidance for farming.

• 青木和夫は、首名が律令を学ぶとともに中国の農業書をも読んでいたと推定している。
• Kazuo AOKI assumes that Obitona had read agricultural books of China as well as learning the ritsuryo.

• 同県農業試験場にて交配、1994年広島県準奨励品種に採用、1996年に品種登録。
• The Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station conducted cross-fertilization, and it was adopted as a recommended variety of Hiroshima Prefecture in 1994; the variety was registered in 1996.

• 歌垣の習俗は、焼畑農業民にも稲作民にも見られるが、特に山岳焼畑地帯で顕著である。
• Although the custom of utagaki may be observed in both swidden and rice-growing farmers, it is prominent among the people in mountainous areas of slash-and-burn agriculture.

• 業として預金又は貯金の受入れをすることができる農業協同組合及び漁業協同組合連合会
• an agricultural cooperative or federation of agricultural cooperatives that is able to accept deposits or savings as a part of business;

• 植林や農業指導については、非政府組織などの民間団体が関わったプロジェクトもある。
• Concerning planting trees and providing guidance for farming, there also exist projects participated in by private bodies, such as non-government organizations.

• 当時の農業生産は不安定であり、こうした年ごとの清算業務は欠かせないものであった。
• Since the farm production was unstable in those days, such annual adjustments were needed.

• 稲荷神が農業の神であるために、五穀豊穰・商売繁盛・交通安全といったご利益がある。
• As the god of agriculture, Inari is believed to grant abundant harvests, prosperous business and traffic safety.

• 徳川政権下においては農業開発、銀山開発、用水路開設などの行政面に手腕を振るった。
• Under the Tokugawa government, he showed his administrative ability on agricultural development, silver mine development and establishment of canals.

• 農業協同組合法（昭和二十二年法律第百三十二号）の規定により設立された農業協同組合
• Agricultural cooperative established pursuant to the provisions of the Agricultural Cooperative Act (Act No. 132 of 1947)

• 業として預金又は貯金の受入れをすることができる農業協同組合及び農業協同組合連合会
• an agricultural cooperative or a federation of agricultural cooperatives, either of which can accept deposits or savings in the course of trade;

• 「出羽権介の田中豊益は、農業経営を専門とし、数町の田地を経営する大名田堵である。」
• Dewa gon no suke (Deputy governor of Dewa Province) Toyomasu TANAKA is a specialist in agricultural management and at the same time, he is Daimyo Tato who manages several hectares of rice fields.'

• 明治4年10月15日、旧領柏原において農業に従事することを願う帰農届を承認される。
• On November 27, 1871, his application for taking up farming again in the former territory of Kaibara was approved.

• 農業機械−操縦装置用及び表示用の識別記号−第２部：農業用トラクタ及び機械の識別記号
• Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment-Symbols for operator controls and other displays-Part 2: Symbols for agricultural tractors and machinery

• 百姓は必ずしも農業を営んでいた訳ではなく、農業以外の商業・産業を営む者も多かった。
• It was not necessarily the case that all the Hyakushos engaged in agriculture and it was also the case that many of them were in business or industry.

• 舞鶴ふるるファーム（まいづる ふるる ファーム）は、京都府舞鶴市瀬崎にある農業公園。
• Maizuru Fururu Farm is an agricultural park located in Sezaki, Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 同県農業研究センターにて1990年に秋田酒/こころまちを交配、2003年に品種登録。
• The agricultural experiment station of Iwate Prefecture cross-fertilized Akita sake/Kokoromachi, and it was registered in 2003.

• 干拓地は現在も京都、大阪に近接した一大農業地帯として、米や野菜などが生産されている。
• Today, the reclaimed land continues to play a role as a major agricultural area within proximity of Kyoto and Osaka where various crops including rice and vegetables are being produced.

• 時代と共に福の神として「商売繁盛」や「五穀豊穣」をもたらす、商業や農業の神となった。
• With the times, it has become the deity of commerce and agriculture bringing 'prosperous trade' and 'good harvests' as a deity of good luck.

• 農業労働者に多い疾病で、コウジの胞子の吸入が原因で、皮膚、耳、呼吸器にしこりができる
• disease especially in agricultural workers caused by inhalation of Aspergillus spores causing lumps in skin and ears and respiratory organs

• また、火が消えた時に生まれた子であるので、農業には大切な水との関連もあることになる。
• Furthermore, because he was born when the fire was going out, he is also associated with water, which is very important in agriculture.

• （対馬藩の場合は農業適地があまりにも少なかったため、李氏朝鮮から米を輸入していた。）
• (In the case of the Tsushima Domain, lands appropriate for cropping were so scarce that they had to import rice from Yi Dynasty Korea.)

• 1950年5月： 京都府立農業試験場、亀岡市へ移転のため、下鴨農場を西京大学に移管。
• May 1950: When Kyoto Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station was relocated to Kameoka City, it transferred Shimogamo farm to the Saikyo University.

• 同県農業研究センター銘柄米開発研究室にて出羽燦々/秋田酒を交配、2002年に品種登録。
• The Brand Rice Development Laboratories of the Iwate Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center cross-fertilized Dewa sansan/Akita sake, and in 2002 the variety was registered.

• その他の地域は田畑を中心とした農業がほとんどであり、豊富な地下水でおいしい米を産する。
• Its main industry centers around agriculture, specifically good rice grown in rice paddies thanks to abundant ground water.

• 同県農業総合センター酒米試験地にて兵系25号/東近系1011 を交配、1977年固定。
• Sakamai Experiment Station of Hyogo Agriculture Institute cross-fertilized Hei-kei No.25/Tokin-kei 1011, and breeding was fixed in 1977.

• 13 商業/農業/工業/通弁学校　修業年限：年限不定　修業年齢：16歳～　進路先：なし
• 13 Commercial, agricultural, engineering and interpretational school term: unfixed, age: 16 years and above, future course: none

• 12 獣医/商業/農業学校本科　修業年限：2年制　修業年齢：19～21歳　進路先：なし
• 12 Regular course of veterinary, commercial and agricultural school term: 2 years, age: 19-21 years old, future course: none

• 中世日本の経済で大きなウェイトを占めていた農業生産の元手（資本）となるのは農地である。
• Agricultural lands were the sinews (capital) of the agricultural production which carried considerable weight in the economy of medieval Japan.

• 都道府県の研究センターや農業大学などを中心として吟醸酒に適した新たな酵母の開発が進んだ。
• The development of new yeasts which were suitable for ginjoshu were promoted around the research center of prefectures and agricultural colleges.

• 低圧電気設備−第７−７０５部：特殊設備又は特殊場所に関する要求事項−農業用及び園芸用施設
• Low-voltage electrical installations-Part 7-705: Requirements for special installations or locations-Agricultural and horticultural premises

• 近年の調査では、博多湾の底で見つかった元の軍船から、農業用の鋤や鍬などが見つかっている。
• Recent studies have found forks and spades used for farming in the Yuan's warship discovered at the bottom of Hakata Bay.

• 一方、北部九州の後・晩期遺跡の遺物で焼畑農業が行われていた可能性が高いと考えられている。
• On the other hand, it is thought that there was a strong likelihood that the burn agriculture was employed at the remains in the end and the last periods in the northern Kyushu region.

• 室町中期ごろ、商品経済の発達や農業生産の向上、惣結合の強化などに伴い社会情勢が変化した。
• In the middle of the Muromachi period, the social situation changed according to the development of a commodity economy, the improvement of agricultural production, the consolidation of so (peasants' self-governing association), and the like.

• 農業用の大型水路や無数の土抗の中に三輪山祭祀に関する遺物のセットが多数投げ捨てられていた。
• Many set of ritual instruments used for honoring Mt. Miwa were found from the remains of large-scale agricultural channels, along with a countless number of holes on the ground.

• 近世の経塚造営は/農業生産の増加や貨幣経済の浸透を前提とした宗教行為の流行を背景に成立し、
• In pre-modern ages, kyozuka were built as a part of religious activity, which had become popular as agricultural output increased and the money economy took root in society.

• 桂川を大堰川と呼ぶ名称は、古代朝鮮から渡来人である秦氏がつくった農業用の「堰」に由来する。
• The alternative name 'Oi-gawa River'(大堰川) for the Katsura-gawa River originated from the weirs (堰) for agriculture built by the Hata clan who were immigrants from ancient Korea.

• 同県農業技術センターにて山田錦/ヒノヒカリを交配、1998年選抜固定、2002年品種登録。
• Kochi Agricultural Research Center cross-fertilized Yamada nishiki/Hinohikari and its selection was fixed in 1998; in 2002 the variety was registered.

• 農業機械−操縦装置用及び表示用の識別記号−第３部：動力芝用機械及びガーデン用機械の識別記号
• Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment-Symbols for operator controls and other displays-Part 3: Symbols for powered lawn and garden equipment

• 貧しくて、国民のほとんどが農業労働者であるが、社会的、経済的により進歩したいと思っている国
• a country that is poor and whose citizens are mostly agricultural workers but that wants to become more advanced socially and economically

• 以来、東京府、千葉県、茨城県の各地で農業技術の研究を行うとともに、指導者としても活躍した。
• Since then, he worked on the studies of agricultural techniques and technology in Tokyo, Chiba and Ibaraki Prefectures, while he also passed on his knowledge to following farmers as an advisor of agricultural methods.

• 面積の約95%を山林が占め、林業や柚子の栽培などの農業、それを使った特産品が主な産業である。
• With roughly 95% of its land area is covered with forests, the major industries are forestry, farming including yuzu cultivation and production of goods using the citrus fruit.

• これらを改善すべく県立農業試験場にて1973年に八反35号/アキツホを交配し、選抜育種した。
• In 1973, so as to improve such weak points, the Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station cross-fertilized Hattan 35/Akitsuho and bred through selection.

• 同県高冷地農業試験場にてひだみのり/フクノハナを掛け合わせたものを、さらにフクニシキと交配。
• The institute for agriculture in the cold upland of Aichi Agricultural Research Center cross-fertilized Hidaminori/Fuku no hana, and variety was obtained with Fuku nishiki.

• 大いに農業生産性を上昇させた1960年代と1970年代の農薬の導入、高収率穀物とより良い管理
• the introduction of pesticides and high-yield grains and better management during the 1960s and 1970s which greatly increased agricultural productivity

• ラオスで‘ボンビー‘として知られる不発の小型爆弾によって、農業者は農地を耕すことを恐れている
• unexploded bomblets known in Laos as `bombies' caused farmers to fear cultivating their fields

• しかしながら、過剰な放牧や耕地拡大などの農業の問題、生活や経済の問題がその原因とされている。
• However, it is said that this desertification originated in agriculture-related problems, such as excessive pasturing and an enlargement of arable land, and in living and economy related problems.

• 亀岡市農業公園—堆肥化施設「亀岡市土づくりセンター」と隣接し、周囲の農業地と一体化している。
• The Kameoka City Agricultural Park: It is located next to the composting facility 'Kameoka City Soil Preparation Center,' and is integrated with the surrounding farm land.

• この時代、農業技術が著しく発達し、二毛作や鉄製農具の普及により、農業生産が飛躍的に増加した。
• At this time, the techniques of agriculture remarkably developed and with the spread of a two-crop system and iron farming equipments, the agricultural production also dramatically increased.

• そのため、農業機械の導入には経済的負担が大きく、兼業化しないと農業を続けられないことも多い。
• As a result, it costs farmers too much to introduce agricultural machines and they are often forced into having another job in order to continue farming.

• 農林水産大臣は、第二項の裁定をしようとするときは、農業資材審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
• Before rendering an arbitration decision set forth in paragraph (2) of this Article, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall hear the opinions of the Agricultural Materials Council.

• 同県立明石農業改良実験所にて愛船117/山雄67を交配、太平洋戦争を経て1949年に育成固定。
• Akashi Agricultural Improvement Experiment Station of Hyogo Prefecture cross-fertilized Aifune 117/Sanyu 67, and in 1949, after the Pacific War, breeding was fixed.

• 同県立明石農業改良実験所にて愛知三河錦/船木雄町を交配、太平洋戦争を経て1951年に育成固定。
• Akashi Agricultural Improvement Experiment Station of Hyogo Prefecture cross-fertilized Aichi mikawa nishiki/Funaki omachi, and in 1951, after the Pacific War, breeding was fixed.

• 11 獣医/商業/農業学校予科　修業年限：3年制　修業年齢：16～19歳　進路先：高等教育12
• 11 Preparatory course for veterinary, commercial and agricultural school term: 3 years, age: 16-19 years old, future course: higher education 12

• 良は養蚕や農業に従ったが健康を害し、その療養のため上京し、そのまま東京に住み着くことになった。
• Ryo was engaged in sericulture and agriculture, however, impaired her health, and went up to Tokyo to cure the illness and came to live in Tokyo as they were.

• 同様に広く諸国をまわり農業を盛んにして人々の生活に安定をもたらし、民から厚く崇敬されたと伝える。
• It is said that he also promoted agricultural development, traveling extensively from province to province, in order to stabilize people's livelihood, and therefore, he was highly respected by the people.

• 農業生産力の向上や手工業の独立は市場を成立させ、都市や交通の要地とされる場所では市場が発達した。
• Increased agricultural production and the growing independence of artisans caused markets to spring up and expand in places ideally situated for commerce between or within cities.

• 伊都地域の新しい特産品として、JA紀北かわかみと和歌山県農業大学校が中心となって推し進めている。
• JA-Kihoku Kawakami (Japan Agriculture Kihoku Kawakami) and Wakayama Prefectural Agricultural College have been leading the way to promote Takano soba as the new local specialty product in the Ito district.

• 日本統治時代、台湾の主要産業は農業であり、水利施設の拡充は台湾経済発展に重要な地位を占めていた。
• The main industry of Taiwan under Japanese rule was agriculture, so the fulfillment of water facilities was important in order to develop the Taiwanese economy.

• その結果、平時は知行地で農業にも携わった家臣を完全なる文吏または武人として専業化させるに至った。
• As a result of the policy, vassals who had been engaged in agriculture in their territories in times of peace became full-time bureaucrats or warriors.

• この階層は現実には農業経営に従事する者のみならず、商業や手工業、漁業などの経営者も包括していた。
• This class included not only those who were engaged in agricultural management but also managers in commerce, handicraft, and fishery industries.

• しかし、棚田は山の上と下で農作業時期が微妙に違うため、平地の集落に比べて農業機械の共有化がし易い。
• In the case of Tanada, however, the timing of farm operations differs slightly between the upper part and the lower part of a mountain, so it is easier to share agricultural machines than in lowland villages.

• しかし、棚田まで、あるいは棚田間に舗装された道路を通すことで、「小型」農業機械の導入は可能である。
• However, it is possible to introduce 'small' agricultural machines by building roads to or between rice terraces.

• この体制下では農業、漁業、手工業などの諸産業を田堵が隷属する人民を使役し、名田単位で経営を行った。
• In this system, the tato managed several industries such as agriculture, fishery, and handicraft manufacturing on a myoden basis, employing subordinate labors.

• 明治政府は、農業収入に課税する年貢制ではなく、全土地に課税する地租を導入し、検地は行わなくなった。
• The Meiji government eliminated the old tax system, which taxed the overall agricultural production, and introduced a new nationwide land tax (based on the total amount--not the productivity--of land owned), and with this, kenchi, with their focus on yield, were no longer conducted.

• 前三号に掲げるもののほか、食料、農業及び農村に関する施策を総合的かつ計画的に推進するために必要な事項
• In addition to what is listed above, matters required to be promoted for the comprehensive and systematic implementation of the policies for food, agriculture and rural areas.

• 古くから、二上山の水を農業に使っている大和国側の村人が、春に「岳のぼり」と称し、二上山に登っていた。
• Village people in Yamato Province who had used the water from Mt. Nijo for agriculture since ancient times climbed Mt. Nijo in the spring, which is referred to as 'Okanobori.'

• 田沼は、それまでの農業依存の幕府経済を改め、重商主義的な改革を行うことによって財政の立て直しを図る。
• Tanuma tried to reconstruct finance of the Edo bakufu by reducing its conventional dependence on agriculture and implementing mercantilistic reforms.

• 勧農（かんのう）とは、主として支配者が農業を振興・奨励するために実施する行為全般を指す日本史の用語。
• Kanno is a general term in the history of Japan for the overall acts by which the rulers typically promoted and encouraged agriculture.

• 恒居倭のなかには倭館の関限を超えて居住する、漁業や農業に従事する、密貿易を行う、倭寇化する者もいた。
• Some kokyowa breached the limitation of wakan to live there, engaged in fishery or agriculture, conducted illegal trade, or became wako (Japanese pirates).

• 続く江戸時代は、農業技術の進歩と新田開発の進展、幕府や藩の財政悪化などによりたびたび検地が行われた。
• In the Edo period, which followed on the heels of Hideyoshi's time, land surveys were occasionally conducted, either to take advantage of advances in agricultural techniques or the opening of new rice paddies, or because the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) or the domain conducting the survey had fallen into difficult financial straits.

• 食糧不足を打開するため、当縁郡当縁村生花苗（おいかまない、現在の広尾郡大樹町）に主畜農業を経営する。
• To overcome food shortage, he ran a livestock farm in Oikamanai, Tobui-mura Village, Tobui-gun County (present-day Taiki-cho, Hiroo County).

• ししおどし（鹿威し）とは、農業などに被害を与える鳥獣を威嚇し、追い払うために設けられる装置全般の総称。
• Shishiodoshi is a general name for devices used to intimidate and drive away agriculture-damaging birds and animals.

• 消費者は、食料、農業及び農村に関する理解を深め、食料の消費生活の向上に積極的な役割を果たすものとする。
• Consumers shall be encouraged to gain better understanding of food, agriculture and rural areas and be positive to improve their dietary patterns.

• 同県立農業試験場庄内支場にて吟吹雪/出羽燦々を交配、2004年県の認定品種に採用、同年に品種登録申請。
• The Shonai Branch of the prefectural agricultural experiment stations of Yamagata Prefecture cross-fertilized Ginfubuki/Dewa sansan and, in 2004, it was adopted for the approved variety of the prefecture and applied for registration in the same year.

• 熊手（くまで）とは、農業や庭の掃除に使われる、短い歯を粗い櫛状にならべた棒を垂直に柄に取り付けた農具。
• A kumade (rake) is a type of Japanese farm tool used in farming or for raking gardens that consists of rough comb-like teeth that are vertically attached to a handle.

• 神薙ぎは、農地の豊饒・農業の豊穣や山間部における山崩れや風害による災害を避けるための「かんなぎ・神事」
• Kannagi written as '神薙ぎ' means 'Shinto rituals' to pray for plentiful crops in farm lands and prosperous agriculture as well as the prevention of landslides, wind or storm damage, and other disasters in remote mountainous areas.

• 戦国大名の元で大規模な新田開発や灌漑整備が進められ、築城技術で培われた土木技術が農業面でも応用された。
• Under sengoku daimyo, large-scale development of new fields and maintenance of irrigation were promoted utilizing civil engineering technology developed in castle building technology for agricultural purposes.

• そのため、農林水産省は傾斜の度合いで棚田を定義しており、機械化の度合いや農業文化についての規定はない。
• Thus the MAFF defines Tanada on the basis of steepness of the slope, and there are no provisions on the degree of mechanization or on agricultural culture.

• 中村直三（なかむら なおぞう、1819年 - 1882年）は、奈良県出身の老農（篤農家）・農業指導者。
• Naozo NAKAMURA (1819 - 1882) was an exemplary farmer and agricultural advisor, who was born in Nara Prefecture.

• 奈良 専二（なら せんじ、1822年−1892年5月4日）は、香川県出身の老農（篤農家）・農業指導者。
• Senji NARA (1822 - May 4, 1892) was an exemplary farmer and agricultural advisor, who was born in Kagawa Prefecture.

• 同県農業試験場にておくほまれ/ふ系103号を交配、1986年青森県奨励品種に採用、1988年に品種登録。
• The agricultural experiment station of Aomori Prefecture cross-fertilized Okuhomare/Fu-kei No. 103, and it was adopted in 1986 as the recommended variety of Aomori Prefecture; the variety was registered in 1988.

• ただし、農林業センサスの記録からは月ヶ瀬梅渓保勝会の管理対象に農業用梅林が含まれるか否かは読み取れない。
• However, the records of the Census of Agriculture and Forestry do not indicate whether or not the plum-tree protection by Tsukigase Baikei Hoshokai extends to these agricultural plum fields.

• 同県農業試験場にて亀の尾の後代にあたる新200号と、雄町の後代にあたる菊水を交配させることによって誕生。
• It was born through cross-fertilization between Shin No. 200, which was the later generation of Kame no o, and Kikusui, which was in turn the later generation of Omachi, at the prefectural agricultural experiment station of Niigata Prefecture.

• 平成6年（1994年）農業総合研究所作物研究センターにて五百万石/豊盃の人工交配によって育成、品種固定。
• It was developed through the artificial cross-fertilization of Gohyakumangoku/Toyosakazuki in 1994 by the Agricultural Products Research Center of the Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, and the variety was fixed.

• 1980年（昭和55年）に、新潟県農業試験場から1500粒の種子を譲り受け、翌年と翌々年に育成増量した。
• In 1980, he was given 1500 grains of seeds of original Kameno-o variety from the Agricultural Experimental Station of Niigata Prefecture, and sowed them to cultivate and increase its crops during the following two years.

• この時代は、農業生産力が向上するとともに、地域国家内の流通が発達し、各地に都市が急速に形成されていった。
• During this period, the power to produce agricultural products increased, then these products became circulated more actively within each regional nation, and urban areas were rapidly formed in various parts of Japan.

• また、砂漠緑化や農業指導などは、日本など発生国以外の国も協力可能であり、実際に各地で活動が行われている。
• The nations where no kosa is produced, such as Japan, can also aid the activities to plant trees in deserts and to guide farming methods, and such activities have actually been done in various places.

• 現在の農業協同組合・生活協同組合・信用金庫・信用組合は、いずれも戦前の産業組合にルーツを持つ組織である。
• The present Japan Agricultural Cooperatives, a consumer cooperative, credit union, and credit cooperative all have their roots in the Industry Association before the war.

• 35年（6年）、河内国の高石池や茅渟（ちぬ）池を始め、諸国に多くの池溝を開いて、農業を盛んにしたと伝える。
• On February 15 in the year 6, he is reported to have built ponds and canals in many provinces, including Takaishi-ike Pond and Chinu-ike Pond in Kawachi Province, in order to promote agriculture.

• 同県立農業試験場にて八反35号/アキツホを交配、1983年に広島県の奨励品種に採用、1984年に品種登録。
• The Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station cross-fertilized Hattan 35/Akitsuho; it was adopted as a recommended variety of Hiroshima Prefecture in 1983, and in 1984 the variety was registered.

• しかし、都市部から離れた地域（農村部）では依然として、農業を基盤とした伝統的な行事や生活習慣が続いていた。
• However, traditional events and lifestyles based on agriculture still continued in areas (rural areas) far from urban areas.

• 農業科学の発達のおかげで、世界の食料生産はなんとか人口増加に遅れずに済んだ。ただし未来を犠牲にしてである。
• Thanks to the development of agricultural science, world food production has managed to keep up with population growth - but only at the expense of the future.

• このことは大黒が五穀豊穣の農業の神である面と恵比寿が大漁追福の漁業の神である面に起因すると考えられている。
• This is believed to be due to the fact that Daikoku is the deity of agriculture that brings about a good harvest and Ebisu is the deity of fishery that brings about a plentiful catch.

• 米国の植物学者、農業化学者で、ピーナッツ、大豆、サツマイモの多くの用途を開発した（1864年−1943年）
• United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943)

• 国は、国民が農業に対する理解と関心を深めるよう、農業に関する教育の振興その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures such as the promotion of agricultural education so as to obtain better understanding and interest of the citizens in agriculture.

• 国は、農産物の価格の著しい変動が育成すべき農業経営に及ぼす影響を緩和するために必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures for mitigating adverse effects of significant price changes of agricultural products on farm management which should be encouraged.

• 高度成長期以降、日本の社会が工業化するにつれ、農業や漁業を基盤とする地域は、過疎化などに苦しむようになった。
• As Japanese society became industrialized after a period of high economic growth, regional areas dependent on agriculture and fishing faced decline.

• かれらは、自分の農業用水に毒を入れようとしている人を見つけた農夫たちとまったく同じ反応を示しているわけだ！
• they are reacting exactly like farmers watching someone poison the river they water their crops with!

• 普段は農業をしたり行商をしたりして各地の情報を探る一方、指令が下ると戦場やその後方へ出向き工作活動に励んだ。
• They went to a battlefield or the related area to engage in maneuver activities upon order, while they search for information on each region as working as peasant or peddler in their quotidian life.

• 農林水産省は、農業収入や兼業のみでの棚田の維持が難しいと考え、観光地化を目的とした日本の棚田百選を選定した。
• The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries selected the 100 best rice terraces in Japan for the purpose of promoting tourism, because the ministry determined that it was difficult to maintain rice terraces only through agricultural revenues and dual occupations.

• こういった背景から、現在のところ、砂漠化防止のため、砂漠緑化と農業の改良を中心とした対策が重要視されている。
• Based on these backgrounds, so far it is considered important, to prevent desertification, to take measures centered on planting tress in deserts and improving farming methods.

• 何れもがその経度に於けるムギの穂が実る時期に表れる星で農業に於ける収穫時期に共通した信仰があった事が伺える。
• Each of them appears in the season when the crops of wheat are fully grown at the longitude, indicating that there was a common faith in the star for the harvest season in agriculture.

• またアカマツは近世日本の農業にとっては非常に使い勝手が良い樹種でもあり、選好して植えられたということもあった。
• Moreover, as the red pine was a handy species and had a lot of usage in Japanese modern agriculture, the people selectively planted them.

• びわこ銀行、びわこ競艇場、大津びわこ競輪場、MIOびわこ草津、びわこ成蹊スポーツ大学、東びわこ農業協同組合など
• Biwako Bank (びわこ銀行), Biwako Kyotei (びわこ競艇場), Otsu Biwako Keirin (大津びわこ競輪場), MIO Biwako Kusatsu (MIOびわこ草津), Biwako Seikei Sports College (びわこ成蹊スポーツ大学), JA Higashi Biwako (東びわこ農業協同組合), and others

• 年神や祖霊を迎える行事の多い大正月に対し、小正月は豊作祈願などの農業に関連した行事や家庭的な行事が中心となる。
• In contrast to Ooshogatsu, which is full of events for welcoming Toshigami (god of the incoming year) and Sorei (ancestral spirit, being the collective of ancestral spirits that have lost their individuality), Koshogatsu is centered around homey events and events relating to agriculture, such as praying for a good harvest.

• これにより彼らの中には富豪と呼ばれる者も出現し、農業経営に特化して経済力をつけた田堵（たと）へ成長していった。
• As a result, some of them became millionaires and some went on to become Tato (cultivators), who specialized in farm management and acquired economic power.

• 急速に勢力を拡大した織田信長もその領国内でこの検地を行い、農業生産高とそれに基づく課税台帳の整備に力を入れた。
• Nobunaga ODA, who had such a meteoric rise to power, conducted a land survey of his entire territory, making an effort to maintain both a high agricultural production and accurate tax ledgers.

• また、農業生産の向上は、手工業や広い範囲での流通を劇的に進展させ、さらに貨幣経済の普及をもたらすこととなった。
• An increase in agricultural production brought about not only dramatic progress in manual industry and commerce over a wide area but also the development of a monetary economy.

• 農業協同組合法（昭和二十二年法律第百三十二号）第十条第一項第三号の事業を行う農業協同組合及び農業協同組合連合会
• Agricultural cooperatives and federations of agricultural cooperatives which engage in business set forth in Article 10, paragraph (1), item (iii) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act (Act No. 132 of 1947)

• 政府は、食料、農業及び農村に関する施策を実施するため必要な法制上、財政上及び金融上の措置を講じなければならない。
• The Government shall take legislative, fiscal and financial measures required to implement policies concerning food, agriculture and rural areas.

• 古くより農業用水として重用され、沿岸の村々が利益を享受していたが、渇水のたびに幾度となく村同士で対立が発生した。
• The water of the river was often used for agricultural use, benefiting villages along it, but in droughts, the villages were often brought into conflict with each other.

• 普段は農業をしたり、行商をしたりして各地の情報を探る一方、指令が下ると戦場やその後方へ出向き、工作活動に励んだ。
• The people of Koga-ryu were usually engaged in farming or peddling to collect information in various places and, once called, they went to the war fronts or the rear of the battlefields to engage in espionage.

• 民家には建設された当時の生活状況が反映されており、生業（農業、商業など）や伝統行事と結び付いた要素が多く見られる。
• In the way they were built minka reflected aspects of lifestyle, being closely linked to work (farming or commerce) and traditional events.

• 食料である水産物の安定的な供給の確保に関する施策については、食料・農業・農村基本法及びこの節に定めるところによる。
• Measures for the maintenance of stable supply of marine products, the food, shall be provided in the Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas Basic Act and this Section.

• 政府は、第一項の規定により基本計画を定めようとするときは、食料・農業・農村政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
• The Government shall seek opinions from the Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies in establishing the basic plan under the provision of paragraph 1.

• 国は、食料、農業及び農村に関する情報の提供等を通じて、基本理念に関する国民の理解を深めるよう努めなければならない。
• The national government shall endeavor to enhance the citizens' better understanding of the basic principles by providing relevant information on food, agriculture and rural areas.

• 棚田日本の棚田百選一覧に選ばれた「毛原の棚田」では、毎年「棚田農業体験ツアー」や「棚田オーナー制度」を設けていた。
• As for the 'tanada (terraced paddy field) in Kehara,' which was selected as one of the Top 100 Terraced Paddy Fields in Japan, Oe-cho had set up the 'tanada farming tour' and the 'ownership system for the tanada.'

• 同県農業総合センター酒米試験地にて山田錦/中国31号を交配、1982年兵庫県奨励品種に採用、1983年に品種登録。
• Sakamai Experiment Station of Hyogo Agriculture Institute cross-fertilized Yamada nishiki/Chugoku No.31; it was adopted as a recommended variety of Hyogo Prefecture, and the variety was registered in 1983.

• 同県農業試験場にて絶滅種と復刻種/西海222号（山田錦-89H624）を交配、2005年山口県産地品種銘柄に指定。
• The Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station cross-fertilized an extinct variety and revived variety/Saikai No.222 (Yamada nishiki-89H624), and in 2005 it was designated as a brand variety of the growing district of Yamaguchi Prefecture.

• 伝統的な杜氏は、夏場は自分の村で農業を営んで、夏のあいだに蔵元が杜氏を村に訪ね、その秋から始まる醸造の計画を練る。
• During the summer, a traditional toji is in farming in his village, and the brewery that he works for visits him to make a plan of brewing which starts in the autumn of that year.

• 生産技術が狩猟採集から農業へ、さらに工業へと進むにつれて、労働は増加し、個人の技能と自律は退化していったのである。
• When productive technology went from hunting-gathering to agriculture and on to industry, work increased while skills and self-determination diminished.

• 戦国時代 (日本)の後期には、農村の多くで労働力が戦に駆り出されたため、農業生産力の低下が大きな問題となっていた。
• In the late Sengoku period (period of warring states in Japan), many peasants in farming villages were sent off to war, and this resulted in a critical decrease in agricultural production.

• 多くは天明の大飢饉や江戸幕府の重商主義政策による農業の破綻により、農村で生活を営むことが不可能になった百姓だった。
• Yet, many of them were farmers who became impossible to live in the farm village because of the Tenmei Famine or agricultural failure caused by the Mercantilism policy of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• そのため、農業技術の指導、農業に関する調査研究、農産物価格の統制、小作争議の抑制、農民の福利増進などに取り組んだ。
• Therefore, it worked on assistance of agricultural technique, research study on agriculture, regulation of price of farm products, control of agrarian dispute, and welfare enhancement of farmers.

• 同県農業総合試験場作物研究所にてあ系酒101/五百万石を交配、1983年愛知県奨励品種に採用、1985年に品種登録。
• The crop research institute of Aichi Agricultural Research Center cross-fertilized A-kei sake 101/Gohyakumangoku; the variety was adopted as a recommended variety of Aichi Prefecture in 1983 and registered in 1985.

• 農業類に関する行事も戦前ごろまで大きな行事であったが、農家の減少や機械化により農村部以外では行われないようになった。
• Although events concerning agriculture, etc. were major events around before the war, they are only held in rural areas due to decreased farmers and mechanization.

• 農業の労務の先取特権は、その労務に従事する者の最後の一年間の賃金に関し、その労務によって生じた果実について存在する。
• Statutory liens for agricultural labor shall exist, with respect to fruits derived from labor, in connection with the most recent year's wages of the person who engages in that labor.

• 下級武士がその低い身分故に城下で家禄のみによって生計を維持できず、城下郊外又は農村で農業を営むことを許されたケース。
• There were some examples of lower-ranking samurai who could not survive just living on their Karoku (hereditary stipend) in a castle town because of their low status and because they were not allowed to farm in agricultural villages or the outskirts of the castle town.

• 本科学科： 蚕糸科 （養蚕専攻・製糸専攻）・繊維化学科・繊維農業科 （新設）・紡織科 （福井高等工業学校から移管）。
• The faculties for the regular course: The faculty of Silk (specializing in sericulture/specializing in silk reeling)/the faculty of Textile and Chemistry/the faculty of Textile and Agriculture (newly established)/the faculty of Spinning and Weaving (transferred from Fukui Technical High School).

• 1959年の東京農業大学の平山教授の報告書では二つの例が報告されていたがほとんど地面に埋もれ修復も困難な状況であった。
• In a report by professor Hirayama's of Tokyo University of Agriculture in 1959, there were two examples cited, but most were buried in the ground and this was a difficult situation for restoration.

• 農業機械に分類されるような巨大な熊手は、湾曲した鋼鉄製の歯を取り付けた棒を車輪に搭載し、トラクターで牽引して使用する。
• For large kumade that are classified as being agricultural machinery, the bar on which the curved steel teeth are mounted is equipped with wheels, enabling it to be pulled by a tractor.

• その歴史のうち、農業の発明に先立つ 90％ を通じて、ぼくたちの先祖は小さな遊牧式狩猟採集集団をつくって暮らしていた。
• For the 90% of hominid history that ran before the invention of agriculture, our ancestors lived in small nomadic hunter-gatherer bands.

• 同時にそばの花観賞と手打ちそば食体験を中心として農業と地域の活性化を目的とした「そばの花フェスタ」が毎年開催されている。
• In the meantime, 'Soba no Hana Festa' (the Buckwheat Flower Festa) designed to revitalize agriculture and the region with major attractions including buckwheat flower viewing and hand-made soba workshop has been organized every year.

• 室町時代以前から守護や地頭に仕えて農業指導を行う者は存在したが、専業としての技術指導職は室町期になって初めて設置された。
• Although provincial constables or manor lords gave instruction in farming before the Muromachi period, a position of professional instructor of farming techniques was set up for the first time in the Muromachi period.

• 一方では独自性を保つために、在地の農業経営に専念する名主層や百姓らと連携して、国人一揆を結成する国人層も少なくなかった。
• However, not a few kokujin organized the Kokujin-ikki (union) in cooperation with the myoshu (owner of rice fields) stratum immersed in farm management, peasants and others, in an attempt to keep individuality.

• オランダ人農学者のダニエル・ホイブレイクの指導を受け、帰国後の74年5月に口述記録をまとめて『農業三事』として出版した。
• He was taught by a Dutch agriculturist Daniel HOOIBRENK, and on May of 1874, following his return to Japan, he published a compilation of HOOIBRENK's dictations in 'Nogyo Sanji' (three farming methods).

• 政府は、前項の講じようとする施策を明らかにした文書を作成するには、食料・農業・農村政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
• The Government shall seek opinions from the Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies, in preparing a document explaining the policies the Government is going to implement as referred to in the preceding paragraph.

• つまり、現在でいう百姓とは農業専従者で「農人」として分類される存在であるが、江戸時代では範囲の異なる言葉であったのである。
• That is to say, hyakusho (peasant) in the current sense is a full-time farmer and categorized as 'nonin' (person engaged in agriculture); but in the Edo period, haykusho held a different meaning.

• 川の東側の馬路町域は農業地となっており、馬路大納言小豆（丹波大納言小豆の、最高級品である。）が特産品として生産されている。
• The Umaji-cho area east of the river is farmland, and Umaji-Dainagon Azuki beans (highest-class Tamba-Dainagon Azuki beans) are a specialty product of the region.

• 農業や商業に従事することは禁止されていたが、李氏朝鮮中期になるとこの規制は緩み、農業などに従事していた者もいたようである。
• They had been prohibited from being engaged in agriculture and trade, however, this regulation was relaxed in the middle of Joseon Dynasty, so it seems some of them were engaged in the agriculture.

• 農林水産大臣は、前項の政令の制定又は改廃の立案をしようとするときは、食料・農業・農村政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
• The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries must, when intending to propose the enactment, amendment or abolition of the Cabinet Order in the preceding paragraph, first consult the opinion of the Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies.

• 果実に関しては、第一の順位は農業の労務に従事する者に、第二の順位は種苗又は肥料の供給者に、第三の順位は土地の賃貸人に属する。
• Regarding fruits, the first rank shall belong to persons who engage in agricultural labor, the second rand shall belong to persons who supply seed or fertilizer, and the third rank shall belong to lessors of land.

• 明治4年（1871年）には、士族の公務を解いて、農業・工業・商業の自由を与え、また、平民も均しく公務に就任できることとした。
• In 1871, the warrior class became able to engage in not only public services, but also farming, industrial jobs or commercial business, and commoners could engage in public services.

• 一方台湾館は、極彩色の楼門及び翼楼をもった建築物であり、中では台湾に関し15部門（農業・園芸から習俗まで）の展示が行われた。
• On the other hand, Taiwan Pavilion, which had a richly-colored romon (two-storied gates) and yokuro (side structures), featured 15 sections such as farming, horticulture, and manners and customs.

• 淑人は前任の伊予守藤原元名の一族で現地に土着化していた藤原純友を配下に迎えて海賊に田畑を与え農業に従事させる投降策をとった。
• Yoshito welcomed under his control FUJIWARA no Sumitomo, who was a member of the family of his predecessor Iyo no kami (Governor of Iyo Province) Motona FUJIWARA and was well settled locally, and they instigated a policy of giving the pirates fields and making them surrender and work at farming.

• その他の周辺施設に京田辺市立中央図書館(旧田辺町役場跡地に建設された)、京都やましろ農業協同組合、商工会館、田辺保健所など。
• Other facilities in the area include the Kyotanabe City Central Library, JA Kyoto Yamashiro, Commerce and Industry House and the Tanabe Public Health Center.

• 農業・漁業などに関しては、国が推し進める稲作減反に反対の姿勢を取り、独自の「京都食管」と呼ばれる価格保障制度や育成策をだす。
• Concerning agriculture and fishery, he opposed the rice acreage reduction promoted by the national government and worked out a unique price support system called 'Kyoto food control system' and an agriculture and fishery development plan.

• 永谷家の先祖は同じ宇治田原の糠塚村の土豪で、文禄元年（1592年）に湯屋谷に移り住んで農業に携わる一方、湯山社を祀っていた。
• The ancestor of the Nagatani family was a local clan in Nukazuka Village in Ujitawara and moved to Yuyatani in 1592 and while he was engaged in farming, worshipped the Yuyama-sha Shrine.

• 農業従事者たちへのサービス（農業経済が安定するための調査や土壌保全、その他の努力を含む）を提供するプログラムを実施する連邦省
• the federal department that administers programs that provide services to farmers (including research and soil conservation and efforts to stabilize the farming economy)

• 国は、農業経営における農業資材費の低減に資するため、農業資材の生産及び流通の合理化の促進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures such as encouraging rationalized production and distribution systems of agricultural materials, in order to contribute to the cost reduction of agricultural materials in farm management.

• 元々は農業神であったが、後に性や愛欲を司る神とされ、さらには人肉、もしくは生きた人間の心臓を食らう夜叉神とされるようになった。
• Dakiniten was originally a goddess of farming, but later came to be assumed to govern sexual desire and later came to be assumed to be a female fierce god eating human flesh or live human hearts.

• 農林水産大臣は、第一項の政令の制定又は改廃の立案をしようとするときは、食料・農業・農村政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
• The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries must, when intending to propose the enactment, amendment or abolition of the Cabinet Orders in paragraph 1, first consult the opinion of the Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies.

• 明治農法（めいじのうほう）とは、明治時代、近代農学と対比される形で農書に代表される旧来の農業技術を集積・体系化したものの総称。
• Meiji Noho is the general term of accumulation and systemization of the conventional agricultural techniques represented by records on agriculture, as opposed to modern agriculture.

• 世界各地の農業社会では、その初期の頃から、播種期に種子を貸与し、収穫期に利子を付けて返済させる慣行が生まれたと考えられている。
• In the agrarian society worldwide, it is thought that a system, in which seeds were loaned to peasants in the planting season to make them pay back the loaned seeds and the born interest in the harvesting season, was launched in the early days.

• また、農業用水の配分調整や水路・道路の普請（修築）、大川での渡し船の運営など、日常生活に必要な事柄も主体的に取り組んでいった。
• The soson also worked voluntarily on matters that were necessary for daily life, such as adjustments in the distribution of agricultural water, the construction or repair of channels and roads, the operation of the ferry at Okawa, etc.

• 肥料や農具などの改善や米の品種改良の進展などを背景として、畿内や山陽などで二毛作が拡がるなど、農業生産が著しく向上していった。
• With the development of new fertilizers and agricultural tools, along with the improvement of rice varieties through selective breeding, agricultural production increased remarkably as a result of various circumstances, such as the spread of double-cropping in Kinai and Sanyo regions.

• 農業を営むかたわら、他者の賃借などについて仲裁を行ったり、困窮者の手助けを行ったり、放浪者を救ったりするなど義侠心に厚かった。
• He was so chivalrous that he would mediate people's debt problems, help the poor and save wanderers, while being engaging in farming.

• また、都市部で町人の文化が発展する一方、益の薄い農業で困窮した農民が田畑を放棄し、都市部へ流れ込んだために農村の荒廃が生じた。
• While the culture of townspeople developed in urban areas, farmers who had been reduced to poverty by non-profitable agriculture abandoned their fields and drifted into cities, thus ruining agricultural communities.

• これら水利事業の整備は台湾の農業に大きな影響を与え、農民の収入を増加させるとともに、総督府の農業関連歳入の増加を実現している。
• The development of water facilities influenced agriculture in Taiwan, increasing the income for farmers as well as agriculture-related revenue for the Sotoku-fu.

• また1980年代ごろまでは、ほとんどの蔵（酒造メーカー）は農業協同組合などから一括して酒米を買い入れ、これを精米し醸造していた。
• Until the 1980s, most breweries (sake manufacturers) bought sakamai collectively from agricultural cooperatives and polished such rice for brewing.

• これら一帯は米の生産やその他の農業も盛んで、このため牛を肥育するための飼料とストレスの少ない気候に恵まれたためともいわれている。
• It is said that those areas, as leading producers of rice and other agricultural products, are blessed with feedstuff for fattening cattle and mild climate.

• 久御山町の農業の発展に道路網は大きく貢献しており、2000年代になって相次いで開通した新しい道路網により、今後の見通しは明るい。
• The road network greatly contributes to the development of agriculture in Kumiyama-cho, and new road networks which opened in the 2000s are brightening its prospects.

• 他の有名大学では東京大学詩吟研究会、慶應義塾大学慶吟会、東京農業大学農友会詩吟部、山口大学吟詠部、近畿大学詩吟部などが存在する。
• As the other famous universities, there exist Tokyo University Shigin Kenkyu Kai, Keiogijuku University Keigin Kai, Tokyo University of Agriculture Noyu Kai Shigin Club, Yamaguchi University Ginei Club, Kinki University Shigin Club and so on.

• 農業生物資源研究所はスギ花粉の抗原を含んだ「スギ花粉症緩和米」の開発を進めているが、厚労省は食品とは認められないなどとしている。
• The National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences has developed a rice cultivar for the treatment of Japanese cedar pollinosis which contains the Japanese cedar pollen antigen but the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare does not recognize this as a food product.

• 世帯の兼業では子や孫に農業ノウハウが受け継がれないので、営農者の世代交代が進まず、営農の主体が高齢化し、最終的に営農放棄となる。
• In these cases farmers cannot pass on their agricultural know-how to their children or grandchildren, so no generation change in farming occurs, farmers grow older and at last they give up farming.

• 一方で、朝廷は旧来の律令制の枠を越えて国守（受領）に大幅な裁量権を与えて地方の農業・産業の振興を図り、かつ税収の向上も目指した。
• Meanwhile, the Imperial Court granted greater discretionary power to kokushu (or 'zuryo', the head of the provincial governors) beyond the bounds of the traditional Ritsuryo system, aiming to invigorate provincial agriculture and industries, and also to increase tax revenues.

• 国は、基本理念の実現に資することができるよう、食料、農業及び農村に関する団体の効率的な再編整備につき必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures for efficient restructuring of the bodies relevant to food, agriculture and rural areas, which contribute to the realization of the basic principles.

• このため、周辺から流入する生活排水や農業排水の排出が滞ることになり、水質悪化による漁獲量の減少、マラリアの発生などの問題が生じた。
• Consequently, it led to a situation where domestic sewage and agricultural runoff in the surrounding areas became backed up, contributing to various problems including reduced catches of fish due to the deteriorated water quality and outbreak of malaria.

• 農業者及び農業に関する団体は、農業及びこれに関連する活動を行うに当たっては、基本理念の実現に主体的に取り組むよう努めるものとする。
• Farmers and farmers' organizations shall endeavor proactively to realize the basic principles in operating farming and other relevant activities.

• 南部杜氏伝承館、南部杜氏会館、南部杜氏歴史民族資料館、石鳥谷農業伝承館など多くの南部杜氏に関する歴史や文物の展示施設が点在している。
• Many exhibition facilities for history and documents and materials concerning Nanbu toji such as Nanbu Toji Denshokan (museum of tradition of Nanbu toji), Nanbu Toji Kaikan (clubhouse for Nanbu toji), Nanbu Toji Rekishi Minzoku Shiryokan (museum of historical and cultural materials concerning Nanbu toji), and Ishidoriya Nogyo Denshokan (Ishidoriya museum of agricultural tradition) are scattered.

• 米の品種改良や農業技術の進歩に伴い農作物（特に、江戸時代の税の柱であった米）の収穫量が増え、農民でも現金収入を得る事が容易になった。
• Improvement in rice varieties and development of agricultural technologies had increased crop yields (especially rice which was the mainstay of the tax in the Edo period) and made it easier for peasants to earn cash.

• 同県農業総合センター酒米試験地にて兵系25号F1/東近系1011 を交配、1977年奨励品種決定調査等に供され、1983年品種登録。
• Sakamai Experiment Station of Hyogo Agriculture Institute cross-fertilized Hei-kei No.25 F1/Tokin-kei 1011; the result was used in a survey for the determination of recommended varieties in 1977, and in 1983 the variety was registered.

• 崩れた鉱石くずが渡良瀬川を流れ、渡良瀬川から直接農業用水を取水していた群馬県山田郡毛里田村（現在の太田市毛里田）の田畑に流れ込んだ。
• The ore wastes of the site poured into Watarase-gawa River, and through the river poured into the fields of Morita Village, Yamada County, Gunma Prefecture (present Morita in Ota City) which was drawing water for fields directly from Watarase-gawa River.

• カザフスタンでは、アラル海の例を見ると分かるように、農業政策の失敗により地下水や湖水をくみ上げすぎるなどして、土地の乾燥化が進んだ。
• In Kazakhstan, as known from the example in the Aral Sea, inappropriate agricultural policies caused underground water and wake water to be pumped excessively, expanding dry areas.

• 政府は、毎年、国会に、食料、農業及び農村の動向並びに政府が食料、農業及び農村に関して講じた施策に関する報告を提出しなければならない。
• The Government shall annually submit to the Diet a report on the trend of food, agriculture and rural areas and on the policies implemented concerning food, agriculture and rural areas.

• 農林水産大臣は、飼養衛生管理基準を設定し、改正し、又は廃止しようとするときは、食料・農業・農村政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
• The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries must, when intending to establish, amend or abolish Standards of Rearing Hygiene Management, first consult the opinion of the Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies.

• 静岡県では、1990年代に入るとそれらの酵母に適合する酒米の開発に力を注ぎ、1998年に県農業試験場にて山田錦へのγ線照射を行なった。
• Since the early 1990s, Shizuoka Prefecture had endeavored to develop sakamai that matches such yeasts and, in 1998, the prefectural agricultural experiment station conducted the gamma irradiation of Yamada nishiki.

• 農業の神、雷の神、不動産業の神として信仰されており、高鴨神社（奈良県御所市）、都々古別神社（福島県東白川郡棚倉町）などに祀られている。
• Ajisukitakahikone is worshiped as the god of agriculture, thunder, or real estate business, and is enshrined in the Takakamo-jinja Shrine (Gose City, Nara Prefecture) and Tsutsukowake-jinja Shrine (Tanagura-machi, Higashishirakawa-gun, Fukushima Prefecture).

• 一般民衆の行事となるものには、生活に結びついた行事であり、農業、商売などそれぞれの生業に基づく現世利益、生活の安定を求めるものが多い。
• Many of the public events are tied to people's lives, who long for secular benefits and stability based upon their occupations, like agriculture and commerce.

• そして百姓の生業も農業に限られるものではなく、百姓身分で「商」や「工」に属するはずの海運業や手工業などによって財を成した者も多くいた。
• Besides, peasants were not limited to living on farming and many of them actually built a fortune through marine transportation or handicrafts, which should have belonged to trades of 'sho' or 'ko'.

• 農業生産力の発達と流通の拡大によって、百姓身分の層の中からも、加地子収取権を買い取り集め、日常的営農から解放される層が広範に生まれる。
• Kajishi (land rent) shutokuken (right to collect land rent) was bought and gathered from even a peasant class with the development of the circulation and expansion of farm production power, and there was a wide range of classes born with the release from everyday farming.

• 農業、林業若しくは漁業の用に供する政令で定める建築物又はこれらの業務を営む者の居住の用に供する建築物の建築の用に供する目的で行う開発行為
• Development activities performed for the purpose of constructing buildings for agriculture, forestry or fisheries specified by Cabinet Order or buildings for dwelling by persons engaged in these sectors;

• このため、農業系武士の代表が鎌倉幕府の御家人たちであるならば、商業系武士の代表としては運輸業者であったといわれる楠木正成等が挙げられる。
• Because of this, while the typical example of samurai who originated in farmers were gokenin in the Kamakura bakufu, the representative of samurai who originated in merchants was Masashige KUSUNOKI who is said to have been a distributor and others.

• また、依網池（よさみのいけ、大阪市住吉区）や軽（奈良県高市郡）の酒折（さかをり）池などの池溝を開いて、大いに農業の便を図ったと伝えられる。
• In addition, he was responsible for the digging of ponds such as Yosami-no-Ike Pond (Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka Prefecture) and Sakawori-no-Ike Pond in Karu (Takaichi-gun, Nara Prefecture), and is reputed to have made numerous contributions to agriculture.

• 最初の日本列島の住人である縄文人は、狩りや漁撈を生活の中心に据えた狩猟民であったが、のちに集団農業を行い、日本各地に大小の集落を形成した。
• Jomon men, the first people in the Japan islands, were hunting people who mainly hunted and fished for their life, and later, they did collective farming, forming large and small communities.

• そして、多くの国々では農業によって動物の生息地が破壊されているため、動物はすでに圧迫を受けているのであるが、事態はますますひどくなりうる。
• And in many countries, where the animals are already under pressure because their homes are being destroyed by agriculture, things can get even worse.

• この時期には『農家益』や『農業全書』などの農業技術書が多く出版されたが、田守たちが伝承してきた技術が学問として体系化された時期でもあった。
• In this period, many books on agricultural techniques, such as 'Noka eki (farming handbook)' and 'Nogyo zensho (Compendia of agricultural knowledge),' were published and the techniques that had been handed down by the tamori were recorded systematically.

• 農林水産大臣は、特定家畜伝染病防疫指針を作成し、変更し、又は廃止しようとするときは、食料・農業・農村政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
• The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries must, when intending to prepare, amend or abolish Specific Domestic Animal Infectious Disease Quarantine Guidelines, first consult the opinion of the Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies.

• 1883年、時代の混乱期に13歳にして集落の小学校の代用教員として奉職するも、正式な小学校教員が赴任してきた為、2年あまりで辞め農業に戻る。
• In 1883, when times were chaotic, he held a position as a substitute teacher in the village elementary school at age of 13, but resigned and returned to farming after about two years when a formal elementary school teacher was assigned.

• 百姓、あるいはその身分すら持たない一般の農業などの零細な産業従事者らはそれぞれの領主、名主（みょうしゅ）に家人、下人などとして従属していた。
• Peasants, or other workers engaged in a small industry such as general agriculture who didn't even have peasant status were subordinate to a lord or a myoshu, respectively, as retainers or people of low rank.

• 戦後は稲作の大規模化・機械化が推し進められ、傾斜に合わせて様々な形をしていた圃場は、農業機械が導入し易い大型の長方形に統一されて整備された。
• As rice cultivation has become more massive and mechanized since the end of the World War II, agricultural fields, each of which used to be shaped differently according to the slope, were improved and unified into large rectangles in which it is easier to introduce farm machines.

• 1987年、農林水産省 （現所管独立行政法人）北海道農業試験場にてマツマエ/上116の交配から生まれたF1と北海258号を交配した後代である。
• It's a later generation of a variety born through the cross-fertilization of Hokkai No. 258 and F1, which was born in 1987 through the cross-fertilization of Matsumae/Jo 116 by the Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (currently an independent administrative institution).

• 前項の仲介員候補者は、一般公益を代表する者並びに鉱業、農業、林業又はその他の産業に関し知識経験を有する者のうちから、委嘱されなければならない。
• The candidates for mediators prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be commissioned from those who represent public interest in general and those who have knowledge and experience about mining, agriculture, forestry and other industries.

• 屯田（とんでん）は、一般に、兵士に新しく耕地を開墾させ、平時は農業を行って自らを養い、戦時には軍隊に従事させる制度、またその場所や地域を言う。
• Tonden refers to a system or the place/region where soldiers who were made to plow new fields were recruited at war time but farmed the land to sustain themselves at peace time.

• このように、農業界からの人材流出と米の消費量の増加が続いた事に加え、大戦の影響によって米の輸入量が減少した事も重なり、米価暴騰の原因となった。
• Thus, the sharp rise in rice prices was caused by decreased amount of imported rice due to the influence of the War in addition to the loss of personnel from the farming industry and the increase in consumption of rice.

• 農業生産の高まりと宋銭の流入によって商工業が全国的に発展した鎌倉時代中期以後から見られるようになり、南北朝時代_(日本)には全国的に普及した。
• This system started in the mid-Kamakura period when commerce and industries developed nationwide thanks to boosting agricultural production and the circulation of Sung currency and spread throughout the nation in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

• その一方で農業生産性の低い土地では、連作が不可能なために人為的に耕作と休耕を繰り返す土地利用も現れたこうした土地を片荒（かたあらし）と呼んだ。
• On the other hand, property with low agricultural productivity could not sustain continuous cropping and property that was deliberately cultivated on alternate years was called Kataarashi.

• 仙が自ら創刊した「農業雑誌」で、1876年（明治9年）にアメリカ産トウモロコシの種の通信販売を始め、これが日本で最初の通信販売といわれている。
• In his magazine 'Nogyo Zasshi' (a magazine of agriculture), he sold American corn seeds by mail order; this was said to be the first mail order service in Japan.

• しかし、機関車といってもトロッコの台枠に農業用のエンジンを搭載し、その上に簡単な屋根を乗せただけのものだったので、屋台形機関車と呼ばれていた。
• However, they were simply made, with an engine for agricultural use, set on the bed of a tramcar and a simple roof placed over it, and were called stall-type locomotives.

• 国は、農村における土地の農業上の利用と他の利用との調整に留意して、農業の振興その他農村の総合的な振興に関する施策を計画的に推進するものとする。
• The State shall systematically promote measures for the comprehensive development of rural areas including agricultural development, with proper consideration to the coordination of land use for agriculture and other purposes.

• 兵庫県では、神戸市が率先し、都市部での農業生産と観光事業をからませて独自のワイナリーを立ち上げ、市のブランド品としての商品開発をおこなっている。
• In Hyogo Prefecture, Kobe City took the initiative in launching independent wineries by relating them to agricultural production and tourism in urban areas as well as developing city-brand products.

• 祖父は俳諧などの文芸や経書に親しんでいたようで、則義も農業より学問を好み、さらに多喜との結婚を許されなかったため駆け落ち同然に江戸に出たという。
• Her grandfather seems to have been familiar with creative writings such as haikai (seventeen-syllable verse) and keisho (the most important documents in Confucianism); it is said that Noriyoshi preferred academics to farming and, as his marriage with Ayame was not permitted, they practically eloped to Edo.

• 兼業には「世帯主」の兼業と「世帯」の兼業があるが、世帯の兼業では農業ノウハウを持った世帯主が農業に従事し、それ以外の子や孫が他業種で収入を得る。
• There are two types of dual-occupation cases; cases where the 'head of a family' holds dual occupations and cases where the 'family' holds dual occupations, and in the latter cases the head of a family who has know-how for farming is engaged in agriculture and the other members including his/her children and grandchildren gain an income from another occupation.

• 国は、消費者の需要に即した農業生産を推進するため、農産物の価格が需給事情及び品質評価を適切に反映して形成されるよう、必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures for allowing the prices of agricultural products be set appropriately reflecting supply and demand situation and quality evaluation, in order to promote agricultural production that meets the consumers demand.

• 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定により補償金額を決定するには、少くとも一人の農業者を含む三人の評価人をその区域から選び、その意見を徴しなければならない。
• When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries decides the amount of compensation pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, he/she shall select three appraisers including at least one agricultural worker from the area and hear the opinion of such persons.

• 政府は、毎年、前項の報告に係る食料、農業及び農村の動向を考慮して講じようとする施策を明らかにした文書を作成し、これを国会に提出しなければならない。
• The Government shall annually prepare and submit to the Diet a document explaining policies the Government is going to implement in consideration of the trend of food, agriculture and rural areas described in the report of the preceding paragraph.

• 本来は農業国が持つ農耕儀礼に基づく信仰に由来するものであったが、後に選民と結びつき、更には国粋主義・排外主義・覇権主義的な思想へと転化していった。
• Originally it came from a belief based upon farming, following agricultural ceremonies, but later on it was connected with the chosen people and it changed into nationalism, anti-foreignism, and hegemonism.

• 1985年に山形県立農業試験場にて美山錦/華吹雪（青系酒97号）を交配、その後代から「山形酒49号」を選抜し、「出羽燦々」と命名して育成に転じた。
• In 1985, the Yamagata Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station cross-fertilized Miyama nishiki/Hanafubuki (Ao-kei sake No. 97) and selected 'Yamagata sake No. 49' from its later generations, named it 'Dewa sansan' and developed it.

• 平原は土地の大部分の起伏が比較的少なめで、農業に適しています。多量の穀物、やや少ない綿花、いくらかの鉱石を産出します。平原は温帯地方に存在します。
• Plains are large areas of land with relatively low relief, more suitable for farming. They produce a great deal of Grain, a lesser amount of Cotton, and some Ore. They are found in the temperate regions.

• われわれの農業や園芸は、ほんのちょっとした雑草を破壊して、ごく少数の豊かな植物を耕作しますが、その他多くは勝手にバランスを実現するに任せています。
• Our agriculture and horticulture destroy a weed just here and there and cultivate perhaps a score or so of wholesome plants, leaving the greater number to fight out a balance as they can.

• 5世紀には農業生産力が上がり国力が増大し、日本書紀には、この時期に朝鮮半島に兵を送り、一時期は朝鮮半島の一部を領有した（→任那説）と記されている。
• According to'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), agricultural productivity and national power grew until the 5th century, at which time armies were sent to the Korean Peninsula, occupying a part of it for a while (the theory of Mimana).

• 律令政府が722年に企画した良田百万町歩開墾計画も、勧農の一形態であり、農業生産を振興することにより、財政収入を増加・確保しようとしたものである。
• The cultivation plan for a million-cho rice field under the ritsuryo government in 722 is a kind of kanno and the government tried to increase and ensure financial revenues by promoting agricultural production.

• 1872年になると、新しい農業・私法政策に取り組む政府は、旧来から存在していた水呑の呼称の禁止及び身分から解放等を規定した法令を大蔵省から発した。
• In 1872, the government was working for new policies of agriculture and private law and the Finance Ministry announced the law including the prohibition of the name, Mizunomi that had existed conventionally and the emancipation of Mizunomi from the position.

• その10世紀初頭の地方社会経済に目を転じると、旧来の郡司の勢力が弱体化しはじめると同時に、王臣子孫も含めた新興勢力・有力農業経営者が台頭を始める。
• When looking at the social situation in districts of the early tenth century, the former gunji (district managers) force weakened simultaneously with the rise of the new power consisting of the posterity of vassals and wealthy farmers.

• 彼らは生業や農作物の多様性に '百姓' の '百' の字義を投影し、しばしばこうした多様性を持った農業を行う者こそが '百姓' であると定義する。
• They project the meaning of the Chinese character '百' (hundred) of the term 'hyakusho' onto the diversity of vocations and crops, and often defines people who engage in agriculture with such diversity are the 'hyakusho.'

• 当初は農業を修めるつもりでサイレンシスター農学校に入るが、英国の農業は牧畜が中心で、穀物は麦で、勉強をしても帰国後役には立たないと気付き放棄した。
• At first, he entered the agricultural college in Cirencester to study agriculture, however he gave up this idea, knowing that the major agriculture of Britain was stock farming and the major grain was wheat, and that the studies of those things would be useless in Japan.

• 北海道開拓に関与した経験から、農業の重要性を痛感、明治24年（1891年）に徳川育英会育英黌農業科（現在の東京農業大学）を創設し自ら黌長となった。
• Keenly realizing the importance of agriculture through his experience in the cultivation of Hokkaido, in 1891he founded the Tokugawa Ikueikai Foundation (now Tokyo University of Agriculture) and assumed the role of its president.

• 食料、農業及び農村に関する施策を講ずるに当たっては、水産業及び林業との密接な関連性を有することにかんがみ、その振興に必要な配慮がなされるものとする。
• In taking measures for food, agriculture and rural areas, necessary consideration shall be given to the fisheries and forestry industries in view of their close relationship with agriculture.

• 漁業と農業は、水が多い時は漁業に都合がよいが田の水が長く引かず米の生産が悪く、逆に水が少なく米の生産が良好なときは漁が悪いという相克の関係にあった。
• Large amounts of water is good for fishing but bad for rice production with water standing in paddy fields for a prolonged period of time; on the other hand, if there is a little water it is good for rice production but no good for fishing; as such, fishing and farming were at odds with each other.

• その背景については、律令制の弛緩による有力者からの圧迫もあるが、弘仁年間が極度の農業不振の時期であったことが『日本後紀』などから明らかになっている。
• As for its context, other than the pressures from persons of influence as a result of laxity in the Ritsuryo system, it was the time of slump in agriculture during the Konin era, as was evident from 'Nihon Koki' ('Later Chronicle of Japan') and so on.

• また現実の農業従事者は必ずしも百姓という呼称を差別的だととらえているとは限らず、むしろ一部の篤農家は自らを誇ってあえて百姓と自称する向きも見られる。
• It is not always true that actual agriculture workers considered the term 'hyakusho' as discriminatory, and some practical farmers who are proud of themselves, call themselves hyakusho.

• 国は、都市及びその周辺における農業について、消費地に近い特性を生かし、都市住民の需要に即した農業生産の振興を図るために必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures so that agriculture in and around urban areas can operate production activities that meet the demand of urban residents, making use of advantages of proximity to the consumers.

• 農林水産大臣は、農業資材審議会の意見を聴いて、農林水産植物について農林水産省令で定める区分ごとに、第二項の重要な形質を定め、これを公示するものとする。
• The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, shall, after having heard the opinions of the Agricultural Materials Council, determine and publicly notify the important characteristics referred to in paragraph (2) of this Article for each of the classes, specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, of agricultural, forestry or aquatic plants.

• このような中で第9代藩主・九鬼隆都は佐藤信淵や奥山弘平らを招聘して農業政策を中心とした藩政改革に取り組み、さらに山鹿素水を招いて軍事の改革も行なった。
• With the domain administration in this weakened state, Takahiro KUKI, the ninth lord of the domain, invited Nobuhiro SATO and Hirohira OKUYAMA to work on reforming the domain administration, focusing on agricultural policies, and invited Sosui YAMAGA to reform military affairs.

• しかし、農業博士の住江金之は著書『酒』（西ヶ原刊行会）にて、これらは別系統の言葉であると指摘、「醸す」は「かびす」から転じたものであると分析している。
• However, an agronomist Kinshi SUMIE asserts in his book 'Sake' (published by Nishigahara kankokai) that these two words have different origins and 'kamosu' derived from 'kabisu' (mold).

• 整備計画は、明日香村の歴史的風土の維持・保存と同時に、生活環境を整え村を発展させていくため、道路・下水道・公園・教育施設・農業環境などの整備をはかる。
• The development plan aims to preserve and maitain the historical landscape of Asuka-mura and, at the same time, to develop and adjust streets, sewers, parks, educational facilities and agricultural environment.

• また、名主は、畿内周辺では農業経営に携わる有力百姓としての性格が強かったが、その他の地域では豪族的な者もおり、特に関東では武士の郎党的な者も多かった。
• In Kinai (areas around Kyoto and Osaka), myoshu were mostly influential farmers who were themselves engaged in farming, but in other areas, especially in Kanto regions (region including Tokyo), retainers of warrior class were often included among myoshu.

• 政府は、食料、農業及び農村に関する施策の総合的かつ計画的な推進を図るため、食料・農業・農村基本計画（以下「基本計画」という。）を定めなければならない。
• The Government shall establish a basic plan for food, agriculture and rural areas (hereinafter referred to as the 'basic plan') for the promotion of a comprehensive and systematic implementation of the policies on food, agriculture and rural areas.

• 戦後の農業革新の過程で、戦前～戦時の遺産（畑地や醸造技術など）を生かして、生産に適した地域ではある程度の規模をもったワイン醸造が民生用として再開された。
• In the course of the agricultural innovation after the war, taking advantage of pre-war and wartime heritage (such as the fields and fermentation technique), the winemaking on a certain scale was resumed for consumer use in the regions suitable for grape-growing.

• しかも、配給量は日中戦争開始以前、まだ小作農が農業人口の大半を占めていた昭和11酒造年度（1936年-1937年）の米の生産高に基づいて算出されていた。
• In addition, the amount of the ration was calculated based on the production amount of the Showa 11 brewing year (1936 to 1937) when half of the farmers were tenant farmers before the outbreak of the China-Japan War.

• 国は、農業の自然循環機能の維持増進を図るため、農薬及び肥料の適正な使用の確保、家畜排せつ物等の有効利用による地力の増進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures such as securing the proper use of agricultural chemicals and fertilizers and improving soil fertility through effective use of livestock manure, in order to maintain and promote the cyclical function of nature.

• この法律は、輸出入植物及び国内植物を検疫し、並びに植物に有害な動植物を駆除し、及びそのまん延を防止し、もつて農業生産の安全及び助長を図ることを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is to quarantine imported and export plants, and domestic plants, and to control animals and plants injurious to plants, and to prevent them from spreading and thereby ensure the safety and promotion of agricultural production.

• また、幕府や諸藩は表向きはこうした人身売買を禁じていたが、農業経営の安定による年貢徴収の安定化を優先させる配慮から、こうした譜代下人の存在を黙認していた。
• Bakufu and domains officially prohibited human trafficking but in fact overlooked the existence of fudai genin since they wanted to give priority to stabilization of land tax collection caused by stability of farm management.

• ここでの「百姓」はいわゆる「農民」ではなく「名（みょう）」の耕作を請け負い、農業などの諸産業の大規模経営を展開し富を蓄積していた郡司・田堵負名層であった。
• Hyakusho' (peasants) at that time were not actual 'farmers,' but were gunji and Tato fumyo (cultivator/tax manager) who undertook cultivation of 'myo' (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder) to conduct large-scale management of several industries including agriculture, to accumulate their profits.

• そのような中、山形県立谷沢村（現：庄内町）の篤農で、寺子屋ていどの教養以外はすべて独学で農業を学んだ阿部亀治（あべ・かめじ：1868年-1928年）がいた。
• In such circumstances, Kameji ABE (1868-1928) was a practical farmer of Tachiyazawa Village (current Shonai Town) in Yamagata Prefecture, who studied agriculture all by himself except the education he had received at terakoya (small private school).

• このため、戦後の農地改革が経て、農業もたぶんに機械化され、すっかり豊かになった昭和30年代（1955年-1964年）の日本の実態にまったく即していなかった。
• Therefore, it was far from the actual situation of Japan from 1955 to 1964 when farming had been already mechanized and affluent after the postwar agrarian reform.

• まず、大化以前の支配体制とされる私地私民制について、屯倉が王権を支える経営拠点であるように、田荘もまた豪族の政治的地位を支える農業経営拠点であると解される。
• First, in Shichi Shimin sei believed to have been the ruling system employed before the Taika era, tadokoro is understood to be the base for agricultural management that supported the political status of gozoku families as miyake was the management base that supported the sovereignty of the emperor.

• 農業教員養成所→東京帝国大学農科大学附属農業教員養成所（1899年）→東京帝国大学農学部附属農業教員養成所→東京農業教育専門学校（→東京教育大学）として独立
• Agricultural Teacher Training School => Agricultural Teacher Training School Attached to Agricultural College of Tokyo Imperial University => Agricultural Teacher Training School Attached to Tokyo Imperial University of Agricultural Department => becoming independent as Tokyo Agricultural Teachers College (=> Tokyo University of Education)

• 江戸時代の百姓身分とは、主たる生業が農業・手工業・商業のいずれかであるかを問わず、村に石高を持ち、領主に年貢を納める形で権利義務を承認された身分階層を指した。
• During the Edo period, a farming rank was one of social status in which a farmer had 'kokudaka' (crop yield) in his village and his duties and rights were approved by paying his nengu' (land tax) to the landlord, whichever his regular vocation was agriculture, labor industry, or commerce.

• おしら様（おしらさま、お白様、オシラ様、オシラサマとも）は、日本の東北地方で信仰されている家の神 (神道)であり、一般には蚕の神、農業の神、ウマの神とされる。
• 'Oshirasama' (also written おしらさま, お白様, オシラ様, オシラサマ) is a god of the home (Shinto) worshipped in the Tohoku region of Japan, generally considered the god of silkworm, god of agriculture, and god of horses.

• また、6世紀前半には仏教が朝鮮半島より伝来し(日本の仏教の項を参照)、さらに遣隋使・遣唐使の派遣もあって、農業・鍛鉄・建築など多方面にわたって技術が発展した。
• In addition, Buddhism was introduced into Japan from the Korean Peninsula in the first half of the 6th century (cf. the article on Japanese Buddhism) and through dispatches of missions to Sui and Tang Dynasty China technological developments were made in many areas including agriculture, iron working, and architecture.

• 「耕作会」『日本農書全集 第63巻 農村振興』佐藤常雄編集（農山漁村文化協会、1995年）ISBN 4-540-94013-9 - 開催した農業研究会の記録。
• 'Kosakukai (The Farmer's Association),' included in 'The collected works of books on Japanese Agriculture, Volume 63, Agricultural Community Development,' Edited by Tsuneo SATO (Rural Culture Association, 1995) ISBN 4-540-94013-9 - records of meetings held by the farmer's association.

• 国は、災害によって農業の再生産が阻害されることを防止するとともに、農業経営の安定を図るため、災害による損失の合理的な補てんその他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures such as reasonable compensation for disaster losses in order to prevent any possible impediment to agricultural reproduction by disasters and help the stabilization of farm management.

• 古代インドの宗教では、出家者は一般に所有欲を否定するために三衣一鉢の最低限の生活必需品しか所有しないほか、修行に専念するために農業などの生産活動には従事しない。
• Because monks in religions in Ancient India usually deny desires for possessions, they only possess sanne-ippatsu (three robes and one begging bowl), bare necessities, and they do not engage in productive activities such as agriculture in order to devote to ascetic practices.

• 国及び地方公共団体は、食料、農業及び農村に関する施策を講ずるにつき、相協力するとともに、行政組織の整備並びに行政運営の効率化及び透明性の向上に努めるものとする。
• The State and local governments shall endeavor to cooperate in taking measures on food, agriculture and rural areas, and to restructure administrative organs as well as to improve their efficiency and transparency in administrative management.

• 近世、いわゆる「七福神」の1つとして祀られる弁才天像は、農業神・穀物神である宇賀神と習合して、頭上に宇賀神像（人頭蛇身の老人像）をいただく形の像が多く見られる。
• In the early modern period, Benzaiten became considered one of the so called 'Seven Gods of Fortune' and was syncretized with Ugajin, the god of agriculture and cereals and many images were made depicting her as Ugajin (an elderly form with the head of a human and the body of a serpent).

• しかし、「観光地」として選ばれたため、田植え体験や稲刈り体験など、古来からの農業体験をする場、または「グリーンツーリズム」の場として、農村の形態は変化している。
• However, selected as a 'tourist spot,' the farming villages have been transformed into a venue for traditional agricultural experiences such as rice transplanting and harvesting, or a venue for 'green tourism.'

• 田堵負名層とは決して零細な農民などではなく、隷属民を多数抱え、莫大な富を蓄積して農業など諸産業を大規模に経営し、多数の私兵すら擁していた富豪百姓だったのである。
• Far from being poor, the tato fumyo were indeed wealthy peasants who kept many servants, managed large scale businesses such as agriculture, and owned even many private warriors while accumulating immense wealth.

• 輸入した鉄資源をもとに鍬・鋤などの農業用鉄製品が製造され、農業技術の革新・開墾の活発化などが起こり4世紀後葉から5世紀にかけて倭国の農業生産力は大きく向上した。
• The imported iron was used to make agricultural implements such as hoes and harrows, bringing about a revolution in agricultural technology and increasing land cultivation, which led to a rapid increase in Wakoku's agricultural production capabilities around the end of fourth to the fifth century.

• 1989年、農林水産省（現所管独立行政法人）北海道農業試験場にて八反錦2号／上育404号の交配から生まれたF1ときらら397を交配し空育158号として育種された。
• In 1989, it was born through the cross-fertilization of F1, which was born through the cross-fertilization of Hattan nishiki No. 2/Joiku No. 404 and Kirara No. 397, by the Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (currently an independent administrative institution), and it was developed under the name Kuiku No. 158.

• この法律中他の規定による場合の外、防除に関し特に必要があるときは、農林水産大臣は、地方公共団体、農業者又はその組織する団体に対し、必要な報告を求めることができる。
• In addition to cases pursuant to other provisions in this Act, in the event that it is specifically necessary for Control, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may request local governments, agricultural workers or bodies organized by them to submit necessary reports.

• だが、当時は農業生産が極度の不振（『日本後紀』によれば、817年より7年連続で干害などの被害を受けたとされている）にあり、その結果として当時財政難は深刻であった。
• However, agricultural production was in a slump at that time (according to 'Nihon Koki' there were seven consecutive years of draught damage, beginning in 817), and due to this situation there was the problem of serious financial difficulty.

• 活躍のできる場を失った忍者達はその後、農業や警察関係（警察官）の職業、火術の特技を活かして花火師や、薬の知識を活かして医師や薬剤師など、新たな職に就いたとされる。
• It is said that after ninja lost the scene of their activities, they got new jobs such as farmers, policemen, pyrotechnicians with special skills of using fire, doctors or pharmacists with knowledge of medicine.

• 一方、田畠の少ない山地河海周辺や都市部では、住屋や宅地に対する地子（賃借料）を名目とした在家地子（ざいけじし）が賦課されて鮎・薪・炭などの非農業生産物が課された。
• Meanwhile, in areas that were scarce in paddies and fields - such as mountainous districts, riverside areas, coastal areas, and merchant districts - 'jishi' (a kind of rent, called 'zaike-jishi') was imposed on a house and its premises, and people were also obliged to provide non-agricultural products, such as sweetfish, firewood, and charcoal.

• 地方自治体は主要農作物種子法にもとづき、都道府県の農業試験場等で酒米品種の奨励品種決定のための試験を行い、優良な品種を農業者に対して栽培を奨励するのが通例である。
• Usually, under the Major Agricultural Products Seed Act, the agricultural experiment stations of the municipality and so on carry out tests to determine the recommended varieties of sakamai and recommend excellent varieties to farmers.

• 弘仁12年（821年）、満濃池（まんのういけ、現在の香川県にある日本最大の農業用ため池）の改修を指揮して、アーチ型堤防など当時の最新工法を駆使し工事を成功に導いた。
• In 821, he led the work to repair Manno-ike Pond (the largest-in-Japan irrigation pond for farming, located in present Kagawa Prefecture) and led to a successful accomplishment of the work using the latest technology at that time, for example, using arched banks

• 農耕文化の発達（→農耕民族・農業）に伴う人の定住化とともに、次第に土と石を組み合わせるなどして炉も常設化・大型化していったが、その過程でこの竈になったと考えられる。
• The more people became permanently settled following the development of a culture based on agriculture (see the articles of Agricultural people or Farming) the larger and more permanent fireplaces became by combining mud and stones, and others, in the process of which the cooking furnace was formed.

• 内容は、ウガヤフキアエズ王朝に始まる神武天皇以前の歴史や、天文学、暦学、医学、農業・漁業・冶金等の産業技術、民話、民俗学等についての記事を含む博物誌的なものである。
• The contents include history starting from Ugayafukiaezu dynasty before Emperor Jinmu, astronomy, study of the calendar, medical science, industrial technology for agriculture, fishery and metallurgy, folktale, folklore, etc.

• 林遠里（はやし　おんり、1831年3月8日（天保2年1月24日（旧暦）） - 1906年（明治39年）1月30日）は、福岡県生まれの老農（篤農家）・農業技術指導者。
• Onri HAYASHI (March 3, 1831 - January 30, 1906) was a Rono (Tokunoka [a well-experienced, exemplary good farmer]) and leader of agricultural techniques, who was born in Fukuoka Prefecture.

• 同県農業技術センター農業試験場にてひだほまれ/秋田酒を交配育種、1996年より「富山酒45号」として醸造試験を続け、1998年「雄山錦」と命名、2001年品種登録。
• The agricultural experiment station of Toyama Agricultural Research Center cross-fertilized Hidahomare/Akita sake and conducted breeding, and beginning in 1996 brewing tests were carried out as 'Toyama sake No. 45;' it was given the name 'Obama nishiki' in 1998, and the variety was registered in 2001.

• 国は、食料消費の改善及び農業資源の有効利用に資するため、健全な食生活に関する指針の策定、食料の消費に関する知識の普及及び情報の提供その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures such as developing healthy dietary guidelines, broadening the citizens' knowledge of food consumption and providing relevant information, in order to contribute to the improvement of food consumption and effective use of agricultural resources.

• 「第三次産業」すなわちサービス産業が成長している一方、「第二次産業」（工業）が低迷し、そして「第一次産業」（農業）はほとんど姿を消そうとしているのは偶然ではないのだ。
• It is no accident that the 'tertiary sector,' the service sector, is growing while the 'secondary sector' (industry) stagnates and the 'primary sector' (agriculture) nearly disappears.

• 農業生産の向上や商工業及び交通の発達によって貨幣流通が盛んになるにつれて広く行われるようになり、室町時代には最初から銭納を想定した公事に対してもこの名称が用いられた。
• It was widespread, as money became circulating more rapidly due to agricultural production increase, and development of commerce, industry, and transportation; and in the Muromachi period, this name was also applied to kuji which was decided to be paid by money from the beginning.

• 事業として貯金又は定期積金の受入れをすることができる農業協同組合、農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水産加工業協同組合連合会
• Agricultural cooperatives, federations of agricultural cooperatives, fisheries cooperatives, federations of fisheries cooperatives, fishery processing cooperatives and federations of fishery processing cooperatives, which may accept savings or thrift savings in the course of trade

• 食料の供給は、農業の生産性の向上を促進しつつ、農業と食品産業の健全な発展を総合的に図ることを通じ、高度化し、かつ、多様化する国民の需要に即して行われなければならない。
• Food supply shall be managed through improvement of agricultural productivity and comprehensive promotion of sound development of agriculture and food industry in response to the more sophisticated and diversified public needs.

• ここでは、地方自治体の試験研究機関、すなわち農業試験場、醸造試験所などで、気候や土壌を初めとした、それぞれの都道府県の自然条件を生かすように開発された酒米の品種をさす。
• This means varieties of sakamai that are developed by municipal experimental and research institutions such as agricultural experiment stations and brewing laboratories, so that the natural conditions of each prefecture--such as climate and soil quality--can be fully utilized.

• 第十七条第一項の防除を行うため必要があるときは、農林水産大臣は、地方公共団体、農業者の組織する団体又は防除業者に対し防除に関する業務に協力するよう指示することができる。
• In the event that it is necessary for carrying out the control under paragraph 1 of Article 17, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may instruct local governments, bodies organized by agricultural workers or pest control enterprises to cooperate with undertakings relating to the control.

• 他の地域と異なり、渡良瀬川から直接農業用水を取水していた群馬県山田郡 (群馬県)毛里田村（現太田市毛里田）とその周辺では、大正期以降、逆に鉱毒被害が増加したと言われる。
• It is said that unlike other areas, Morita Village (present Morita, Ota City), Yamada County, Gunma Prefecture and its surroundings, where the water for fields had been drawn directly from Watarase-gawa River, had an increase in damage by the mining pollution after the Taisho period.

• 1889年　農商務省 (日本)よりドイツ・ハンブルク港商業博覧会での出品説明委員およびドイツ・フランス・アメリカ合衆国・インド・ベトナムにおける農業視察を任ぜられ洋行。
• In 1889, he travelled to Western countries, as he was assigned by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce (Japan) to an exhibition attendant at Hamburg Industrial Exhibition in Germany, as well as to have an agricultural study tour to Germany, France, the United States of America, India and Vietnam.

• 政府は、食料、農業及び農村をめぐる情勢の変化を勘案し、並びに食料、農業及び農村に関する施策の効果に関する評価を踏まえ、おおむね五年ごとに、基本計画を変更するものとする。
• The Government shall revise the basic act approximately every 5 years, by taking into consideration of the changes in circumstances surrounding food, agriculture and rural areas and also the result of policy effectiveness evaluation on food, agriculture and rural areas.

• 本来穀物・農業の神とされるが自然の生育に任せ収穫した稲を荷のように架けて乾燥させるまでに生長し、その後は人手で処理できるまでに至ったことの感謝を表しているとも考えられる。
• The god Inari is considered to be the harvest and agriculture god; 'Inari,' which is spelled '稲荷' in Chinese characters (with '稲' meaning rice-plants and '荷' baggage), may express a sense of gratitude to Nature for making them grow to the point where farmers can reap them and hang them like baggage ('荷') to dry for harvest.

• 例えば『上記』によると、神武天皇はウガヤフキアエズ王朝の第73代であり、中国に農業や文字を伝えたのは日本であり、日本では精密な独自の太陽暦があったことなどが記されている。
• For example, according to 'Uetsufumi', Emperor Jinmu was the 73th emperor of the Ugayafukiaezu dynasty, and it was Japan which transmitted agriculture or characters to China and Japan had an accurate original solar calendar.

• 1996年（平成8年）に農業で地域活性化を目指した「福智町農業総合プロジェクト」が発足し、その一環でそばが注目され2001年（平成13年）から本格的なソバ栽培に取り組む。
• In 1996, the Fukuchi-machi Comprehensive Agricultural Project was inaugurated with the objective to revitalize the area by farming and, during that project, soba attracted sufficient interest to start full-scale soba farming since 2001, in the area.

• 江戸時代も中頃になると、品種改良や農業技術の進歩により、農家の中に現金収入を得られるものが増え、新たな知識や見聞、物品を求めて旅をしようと思い立つものが現れるようになった。
• In the middle of the Edo period, the variety of improvement and development of agricultural technologies led to an increase in the number of peasants who earned cash and gave rise to those who decided to go on a journey in search of new knowledge, experience, and products.

• 一般には1871年旧7月12日、現在の京都府亀岡市穴太（あなお）に、農業を営む上田家の長男上田 喜三郎（うえだ きさぶろう）として生まれたが、前年の1870年誕生説もある。
• Commonly thought to be born on July 12, 1871 in present day Anao, Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture, as Kisaburo UEDA, the first son of the Ueda family of farmers, but some say he was in fact born the previous year, in 1870.

• こういった活動は地域の健康を促進するだけではなく、同時に家事に束縛される主婦の時間を節約させ、地域の農業生産力が向上したり、女性の地位向上にも影響を与えているとのことである。
• These activities are said to not only promote local people's health, but also to save time for housewives restricted by their housework, improving local agricultural productivity and with an improving effect on the status of women.

• 当初の入学資格： (1) 5年制以上の農学校卒で小学校本科正教員免許状を持つ者、(2) 2年以上教員・農業技術員を経験し小学校本科正教員免許状を持つ者、他 （後に条件緩和）。
• Qualifications for enrollment at first: (1) a person who had graduated from a five-year or more Agricultural School and was qualified as a licensed school teacher of an elementary school regular course; (2) A person who had experienced teaching at a school or agricultural engineering for two or more years and qualified as a licensed school teacher of the elementary school regular course; and others (qualifications were loosened later).

• だが、当時の農村社会の経営は不安定であり、農業経営の出来なくなった小農民と労働力不足に悩まされる本百姓層の利害の一致によりこうした人身売買による隷属化が農村部において横行した。
• However, enslavement due to human trafficking was widely spread in rural areas since management of agricultural village society was unstable at that time and peasant folk who were not able to manage farms and hon-byakusho (peasants) who were annoyed with lack of labor shared a mutual interest.

• 1896年7月、開化派の流れを汲む人たちが朝鮮の自主独立、法治主義の確立、新教育の振興、農業の改良、工業の育成、愛国心、君主への忠誠心の培養を訴え李完用らが独立協会を設立した。
• In July 1896, the people following Kaika group called for the independence of Korea, establishment of legalism, promotion of new education, improvement of agriculture, encouragement of industry and raising of patriotism and loyalty to monarch, and Lee, Wan-yong and others founded the Independence Club.

• 国及び地方公共団体は、食料、農業及び農村に関する施策を講ずるに当たっては、農業者及び農業に関する団体並びに食品産業の事業者がする自主的な努力を支援することを旨とするものとする。
• In taking measures for food, agriculture and rural areas, the national and local governments shall aim at providing support to the proactive efforts of farmers, farmers' organizations and business operators in food industry.

• 最近では、アルプス酵母に代表されるカプロン酸エチル高生産性酵母や、東京農業大学がなでしこ、ベコニア、ツルバラの花から分離した花酵母などが、強吟醸香を引き出すのに注目を集めている。
• Recently, attention is focused on the fact that yeasts that produce high content of ethyl caproate represented by alps yeast as well as yeasts from flowers that were separated by Tokyo University of agriculture from flowers of dianthus, begonia and climbing rose extract strong ginjoko (fragrance of ginjo sake).

• 幼少のころから「農をもって国を興す」という大志を抱き、わずか8歳で運搬用の手押し車を発明するなど農機具の考案、さらにはイネの品種改良など農業全般にわたる実地指導者として活躍した。
• He had an ambition to 'promote the national development of Japan through the development of agriculture' from his childhood; he invented an agricultural instrument--a handcart to carry agricultural produce--when he was only 8 years old; he continued to work practically as the leading advisor of various agricultural fields, including the improvement and production of new rice varieties.

• 今まで農業協同組合（金融部門）は、貸付残高を増やすために戸別の農業機械導入を進めていたが、貸付リスクの少ない共有化に貸付の方向を変えており、棚田の農業システムに変化が起きている。
• Previously agricultural cooperatives (financial sector) were encouraging the introduction of agricultural machines to individual households for the purpose of increasing the amount of loan outstanding, but they have begun to shift their lending to collective ownership of machines which accompanies less credit risk, and such a shift is bringing about a change in the agricultural system in connection with Tanada.

• 前項の場合において、鉱害が農業、林業又はその他の産業に関するものであるときは、仲介員のうち、少くとも一人は、当該産業に関し知識経験を有するもののうちから、指定されなければならない。
• In the case specified in the preceding paragraph, if mining pollution involves agriculture, forestry or other industries, at least one of the mediators shall be designated from those who have the knowledge and experience of the industry concerned.

• また「指定統計第26号『農林業センサス』」によると2000年の時点で旧月ヶ瀬村には約5.6ヘクタール（56 km2）の農業用梅林が存在し、21戸の農家がウメを栽培しているとされる。
• According to the 'Designated Statistics No. 26 'Census of Agriculture and Forestry,'' as of 2000 the former Tsukigase Village had approximately 5.6 hectares (56 sq.km) of agricultural plum fields managed by 21 farms.

• 国は、生物の多様性に配慮した原材料の利用、エコツーリズム、有機農業その他の事業活動における生物の多様性に及ぼす影響を低減するための取組を促進するために必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
• The government shall take necessary measures to promote use of biodiversity-friendly raw materials, ecotourism, organic agriculture and other efforts to reduce the impact of business activities on biodiversity.

• 前項第二号に掲げる食料自給率の目標は、その向上を図ることを旨とし、国内の農業生産及び食料消費に関する指針として、農業者その他の関係者が取り組むべき課題を明らかにして定めるものとする。
• Target rate of food self-sufficiency as referred to in the second item of the preceding paragraph shall be established in view of improving the rate and as a guideline for domestic agricultural production and food consumption, while identifying issues that farmers and relevant persons should address.

• 国は、国民の農業及び農村に対する理解と関心を深めるとともに、健康的でゆとりのある生活に資するため、都市と農村との間の交流の促進、市民農園の整備の推進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures such as encouraging exchanges between urban and rural areas, and promoting improvement of allotment gardens, in order to enhance public understanding and awareness of agriculture and rural areas and to contribute to healthy and comfortable life.

• 1940年に農林省園芸試験場（現農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構果樹研究所カンキツ研究興津拠点）において宮川早生にカラタチを受粉させた珠心胚実生から選抜され、1963年に品種登録された。
• It was selected from nucellar seedlings, made by pollination of Bengal quince to Miyakawa wase at the Horticultural Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (today's Department of Citrus Research, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization), in 1940, and it was registered as a variety in 1963.

• このように酉の市とは、秋の収穫物や実用の農具が並んだ近郊農村の農業市が江戸市中へと移行するに従い、招福の吉兆を満載した飾り熊手などを市の縁起物とする都市型の祭へと変遷してきたのである。
• In this way, Tori no ichi transformed from the agricultural fair of the neighboring farm villages displaying autumn harvests and practical farming tools into the urban festival, having kazari-kumade (decorative rakes) full of good omens that brought in good fortune and so on as the lucky charms of the fair, as it moved from the countryside to the city of Edo.

• 中世以降、工業・商業が盛んになってくると、稲荷神は農業神から工業神・商業神・屋敷神など福徳開運の万能の神ともされるようになり、農村だけでなく町家や武家にも盛んに勧請されるようになった。
• During the middle ages, when commerce and industry became more prosperous, the god Inari, who had initially been the agriculture god, became the god of all the mighty, merging the gods of commerce, industry, and residence, and was believed to bring happiness and fortunes to people; new Inari-jinja Shrines were built one after another by transferring the god Inari from a Inari-jinja Shrine not only in farming villages but also in the communities of traders and samurai.

• 女子高等師範学校校長・学習院院長心得などを歴任する一方、『古事類苑』の編纂総裁や、新しい印刷・農業技術の紹介などに力を尽くして、晩年には博士 (文学)・日本学士院会員の称号が贈られた。
• He successively worked in different positions such as principal of Women's Higher Normal School and director of the Gakushuin School Corporation while he devoted himself to the presidency of compiling 'Kojiruien' (Dictionary of Historical Terms) and also the introduction of new printing and agricultural technologies, and in his later years the title of doctor (literature) and membership of the Japan Academy were awarded to him.

• 第二項第二号に掲げる水産物の自給率の目標については、食料・農業・農村基本法（平成十一年法律第百六号）第十五条第二項第二号に掲げる食料自給率の目標との調和が保たれたものでなければならない。
• Target rate of marine products self-sufficiency listed in the second item of the preceding paragraph shall be in harmony with the target rate of food self-sufficiency set forth in the second item of the second paragraph of Article 15 of Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas Basic Act (Act No.106 of 1999).

• 銘醸地の聞こえ高い灘五郷も、もともとは農業だけでは生活できない貧しい村々であったが、寛政あたりから灘酒の評判はつとに高まり、彼ら農民は高給を以って酒師として各地へ招聘されるようになった。
• Nada Go-go, which was well known as a great sake-brewing district, had been originally a group of poor villages where farming could not produce enough money to live, but Nada sake rapidly became popular in about the Kansei era and peasants in this district began to be invited to various regions as sakashi at high salaries.

• その後台湾各地に中学校が設立されるようになると、総督府は技術人材の育成を目的とした職業教育の充実を目標とし、1922年の台湾教育令改正の差異に、職業学校として農業、工業、商業学校を定めた。
• After elementary schools were established at various places in Taiwan, the Sotoku-fu set the target to make more fulfilling vocational education to produce technical experts, and the amended Act of Taiwanese Education in 1922 stipulated agricultural, industrial, and commercial schools as vocational schools.

• 国は、世界の食料需給の将来にわたる安定に資するため、開発途上地域における農業及び農村の振興に関する技術協力及び資金協力、これらの地域に対する食料援助その他の国際協力の推進に努めるものとする。
• The State shall endeavor to promote international cooperation including technical and financial cooperation for the development of agriculture and rural areas as well as food aid to the developing regions, in order to contribute to the long-term stability of the world's food supply and demand.

• 地方公共団体は、基本理念にのっとり、食料、農業及び農村に関し、国との適切な役割分担を踏まえて、その地方公共団体の区域の自然的経済的社会的諸条件に応じた施策を策定し、及び実施する責務を有する。
• Local governments are responsible, pursuant to the basic principles, and based on an appropriate sharing of roles with the national government, for formulating and implementing policies for food, agriculture and rural areas that suit their natural and socioeconomic characteristics of the area.

• 農業の神として信仰されており、霧島神宮（鹿児島県霧島市）、高千穂神社（宮崎県西臼杵郡高千穂町）、新田神社 (薩摩川内市)（鹿児島県薩摩川内市）、築土神社（東京都千代田区）などに祀られている。
• Ninigi is worshipped as a deity of agriculture, and is enshrined in many shrines, including Kirishima-jingu Shrine (Kirishima City, Kagoshima Prefecture), Takachiho-jinja Shrine (Takachiho Town, Nishi usuki County, Miyazaki Prefecture), Nitta-jinja Shrine (Satsumasendai City, Kagoshima Prefecture), and Tsukudo-jinja Shrine (Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo Prefecture).

• 江戸時代中期以後の農業経営の安定化に伴い、先進農業地域では譜代下人や質権奉公人は、年季奉公人（ねんきほうこうにん）に転化する事例も見られたが、途上地域では幕末までこうした譜代下人が存在した。
• Due to the stabilization of the farm management after the middle of the Edo period, the fudai genin or shichiken hokonin turned out to be nenki hokonin (apprentices) in advanced agricultural areas, however, in developing areas, such fudai hokonin existed till the end of Edo period.

• 主として自己の労力により農業を営む者の農業に欠くことができない器具、肥料、労役の用に供する家畜及びその飼料並びに次の収穫まで農業を続行するために欠くことができない種子その他これに類する農産物
• Equipment, fertilizers, work animals and their feeds that are indispensable for agriculture as well as seeds and any similar agricultural products that are indispensable for continuing agriculture until the next harvest of a person who engages in agriculture mainly through his/her own labor

• 国は、地域の農業における高齢農業者の役割分担並びにその有する技術及び能力に応じて、生きがいを持って農業に関する活動を行うことができる環境整備を推進し、高齢農業者の福祉の向上を図るものとする。
• The State shall create an environment in which elderly farmers can be satisfied with their activities relevant to farming in accordance with their roles in local farming and their skills and capabilities for the improvement of their welfare.

• 国は、中山間地域等においては、適切な農業生産活動が継続的に行われるよう農業の生産条件に関する不利を補正するための支援を行うこと等により、多面的機能の確保を特に図るための施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take specific measures for the fulfillment of multifunctional role of agriculture in hilly and mountainous areas, by providing support to compensate disadvantages in agricultural production conditions so that such areas can maintain adequate agricultural production activities.

• 信用協同組合のうち金融庁長官に届出を行った者及び信用協同組合連合会並びに業として預金若しくは貯金の受入れ又は共済に関する施設の事業をすることができる農業協同組合連合会及び共済水産業協同組合連合会
• a credit cooperative which has filed a notification with the Commissioner of the Financial Services Agency or a federation of credit cooperatives; or a federation of agricultural cooperatives or a federation of mutual aid fishermen's cooperatives which is able to accept deposits or savings or run a business facility related to mutual aid as a part of its business;

• 農業生産力の発展を基盤として、経済的な繁栄が見られたのが元禄であり、この時代には文学や絵画の面でも、井原西鶴の浮世草子、松尾芭蕉の俳諧、近松門左衛門の浄瑠璃、菱川師宣の浮世絵などが誕生していく。
• The Genroku era enjoyed economic prosperity based on the development of agricultural productivity, and in the field of literature and painting famous masterpieces such as Ukiyozoshi (Literally, Books of the Floating World) by Saikaku IHARA, seven-syllable verse (haikai) by Basho MATSUO, Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment) by Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU and ukiyoe paintings by Moronobu HISHIKAWA were created.

• そのためヤマト（倭国）内の農業開発が停滞し、ヤマト王権とその傘下の豪族達の経済力・政治力が後退したと考えられており、6世紀前半までのヤマト王統の混乱はこの経済力・政治力の後退に起因するとされる。
• For this reason, it is thought that agricultural development in Yamato (Wakoku) remained stagnant, weakening the Yamato Kingdom and the ruling elite under their jurisdiction, a situation that existed until the beginning of the sixth century.

• 田沼意次時代の天明の大飢饉を乗り越え、低下した幕府の指導力を取り戻すために、儒学のうち農業と上下の秩序を重視した朱子学を正学とし、当時流行していた古文辞学や古学を「風俗を乱すもの」として禁じた。
• In order to regain leadership after going through the Tenmei Famine in times of Okitsugu TANUMA, the shogunate chose Neo-Confucianism out of Confucianism for the official learning, which put importance on the hierarchic order and agriculture; on the other hand, they banned Kobunjigaku, (study of ancient rhetoric) and the Kogaku (learning about ancient teachings), which were popular learning at that time for corrupting public morals.

• 国は、第二条から第五条までに定める食料、農業及び農村に関する施策についての基本理念（以下「基本理念」という。）にのっとり、食料、農業及び農村に関する施策を総合的に策定し、及び実施する責務を有する。
• The national government is responsible for formulating and implementing comprehensive policies for food, agriculture and rural areas, pursuant to the basic principles of the policies for food, agriculture and rural areas prescribed in Articles 2 to 5 (hereinafter referred to as the 'basic principles'.)

• 戦中の島民疎開により途絶えていたが、1989年（平成元年）になって地域おこしの一環として小笠原村の役場・農業協同組合・商工会によってこれを扱う企業が設立され、その製法を模したラム酒が製造されている。
• It was discontinued because the islanders evacuated during the war, but in 1989 as part of regional promotion, a company was established by the local government, Agricultural Cooperatives and Chamber of Commerce of Ogasawara village to produce it and rum was produced by following the manufacturing process.

• 勧農は非常に広い概念を有する語であり、例えば、潅漑用水の整備・維持、種子・農料の貸与・給付（出挙もこれに含まれる）、耕地の配分、農業労働力の組織編成、荒廃地の開発、税率の上下調整などが含まれていた。
• Kanno is a term covering very wide-ranging concepts, it included the maintenance of irrigation facilities, lend-lease and benefit of seeds and agriculture fees ('suikyo,' land lease at interest was also included), the allocation of farm lands, the organization of the agricultural labor, the development of denuded lands, the up-down adjustment of the tax rate, and so on.

• 農林水産大臣は、前項の伝染性疾病を定める農林水産省令を制定し、又は改廃しようとするときは、厚生労働大臣の公衆衛生の見地からの意見を聴くとともに、食料・農業・農村政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
• The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries must, when intending to enact, amend or abolish Ordinances of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries specifying the infectious diseases in the preceding paragraph, first consult the opinion of the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare from the perspective of public hygiene, and must also consult the opinion of the Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies.

• 信用協同組合及び信用協同組合連合会並びに業として預金又は貯金の受入れをすることができる農業協同組合、農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水産加工業協同組合連合会
• a credit cooperative or federation of credit cooperatives, an agricultural cooperative or federation of agricultural cooperatives, a fishermen's cooperative or federation of fishermen's cooperatives, a marine products and processing cooperative or a federation of marine products and processing cooperatives, which is able to accept deposits or savings as a part of business.

• これを踏まえて「県産米100%の大吟醸」というコンセプトで開発が進められ、1989年に県農業総合研究所作物研究センターにて山田錦/五百万石を交配、2004年品種登録、2005年新潟県産地品種銘柄に指定。
• Based on such facts, the development had been carried out with the concept of 'daiginjo with 100% rice from Niigata Prefecture;' in 1989 the Agricultural Products Research Center of the Niigata Agricultural Research Institute cross-fertilized Yamada nishiki/Gohyakumangoku, and the variety was registered in 2004 and designated as the brand variety of the growing district for Niigata Prefecture.

• こうした背景には、現役の杜氏の高齢化とともに、以前は貧しい寒村であるがゆえに杜氏集団を輩出してきた地方が、農業や漁業だけでも暮らしていける社会になり、出稼ぎに行く必要がなくなったという時代的趨勢がある。
• Such situation is influenced by the aging of active toji people and the current trend in which the regions which used to produce toji groups due to their poverty are now transformed into the community which enables people to make enough income only by farming or fishing, without going to another place for work anymore.

• 商人や職人に自由に利潤追求を許せば、その経済力によって支配階級が脅かされ、農民が重労働である農業を嫌って商工に転身する事により穀物の生産が減少して飢饉が発生し、ひいては社会秩序が崩壊すると考えたのである。
• The thought was that if merchants and artisans were allowed to freely pursuit profits, their wealth would threaten the ruling class and farmers would give up the hard labor of agriculture start new careers as sho or ko, decreasing agricultural output, leading to famine, and resulting in the collapse of the social order.

• この法律の施行の際平成十一年における前条の規定による廃止前の農業基本法（以下「旧基本法」という。）第六条第一項の報告が国会に提出されていない場合には、同項の報告の国会への提出については、なお従前の例による。
• If such a report as referred to under the first paragraph of Article 6 of the Agricultural Basic Act before its abolishment, as prescribed in the preceding article (hereinafter referred to as 'old Basic Act'), has not been submitted to the Diet in 1999 prior to the effective date of this Act, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable to the submission of the report to the Diet.

• 的屋の別称とされる神農の神は、農業と薬や医学の神であり、的屋の源流とされる香具師は江戸時代において、薬売りと、入れ歯の装丁・調整や販売、虫歯などの民間治療の歯科医でもあり、このことから神農の神を信仰していた。
• The deity Shinno, considered an alias of tekiya, was the god of farming and medicine, and in the Edo Period, yashi, who are considered to be the origin of tekiya, worshipped Shinno and acted as dentists by selling medicine, inserting, maintaining, and selling false teeth and providing treatment for cavities.

• 彼らは確かに、佃、手作（てづくり）、門田（かどた）などという直接耕作農地も持ってはいたが、大きな特徴は基本的には農業経営から離れ、農民から「加地子（かぢし）」を取る本格的な「領主」へと転化し始めることである。
• While they definitely directly held cultivation land such as tsukuda (directly-managed rice fields by a lord or an officer of shoen), tezukuri (handmade), or kadota, their biggest characteristic was leaving the farm management to a genuine 'manor lord' that collected 'kajishi' (land rent) from peasants.

• 官田は全国各地に置かれたが、最も農業生産力が高い長江下流南岸のデルタ地帯では、南宋の頃から多くの土地が官田化され、明代の初めには、常州、鎮江、蘇州市、松江市、湖州、嘉興市の6府の農地の45%が官田で占められた。
• Kanden were established throughout the country; in the delta land on th south side of the lower Yangtze River, a great deal of land which had the highest agricultural productivity had been kanden since the Southern Song Dynasty, and in the early Ming period, 45% of farmlands in the six prefectures of Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Suzho city, Songjiang city, Huzhou and Jiaxing were kanden.

• 国は、地域の農業における効率的な農業生産の確保に資するため、集落を基礎とした農業者の組織その他の農業生産活動を共同して行う農業者の組織、委託を受けて農作業を行う組織等の活動の促進に必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures for promoting agricultural activities by cooperative organizations including those based in rural communities and organizations which operate commissioned farming, in order to contribute to secure efficient agricultural production in the local agriculture.

• 国民に対する食料の安定的な供給については、世界の食料の需給及び貿易が不安定な要素を有していることにかんがみ、国内の農業生産の増大を図ることを基本とし、これと輸入及び備蓄とを適切に組み合わせて行われなければならない。
• In consideration of the fact that the world's food supply and demand and trade have some uncertainties, stable food supply to the citizens shall be secured by increased domestic agricultural production as a base together with appropriate combination of import and reserve.

• 西日本から関東地方に波及した二毛作の技術や牛馬耕、水車などを利用した灌漑施設の整備や肥料の発達などは生産力を向上させ、さらに農業技術の進歩で集約的・多角的な農業を行い、自立農民の成長を促して郷村制の成立をもたらす。
• New agricultural techniques were gradually introduced to the Kanto from western Japan, including irrigation techniques that utilized the planting of two crops a year, oxen and horses to plow, and water wheels, as well as increased production and use of manure fertilizer, leading to improved crop production; moreover, more concentrated and diverse agricultural efforts were launched thanks to advances in agricultural technology, which led to the development of a system of villages that spurred the growth of self-reliance among farmers.

• 同時に、その市民が、商業であれ農業であれあるいはその他の諸々であれ、平穏にその職業に専念するよう奨励して、取り上げられはすまいかと恐れてその財産を殖やすのをやめたり、税金を恐れて商売をやめたりしないようにすべきです。
• At the same time he should encourage his citizens to practise their callings peaceably, both in commerce and agriculture, and in every other following, so that the one should not be deterred from improving his possessions for fear lest they be taken away from him or another from opening up trade for fear of taxes;

• また、神社神道に対し生業（職業）としての神事があり、古くからの芸能・興行や農業・林業・水産業に限らず、鍛冶・多々良場（製鉄）や醸造・酒造や土木・建築といったように働く行為（いそしみ）自体に神が宿るとし神聖視してきた。
• Some Shinto rituals, unlike those of Shrine Shinto, actually developed into occupations, including such ancient practices as entertainment and show business, farming, forestry, and fishing but also extending to blacksmithing, iron smelting, sake brewing, public works, and construction; it was said of such jobs that in the act of working itself was something divine.

• 国は、効率的かつ安定的な農業経営を担うべき人材の育成及び確保を図るため、農業者の農業の技術及び経営管理能力の向上、新たに就農しようとする者に対する農業の技術及び経営方法の習得の促進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures such as improving technical and management skills of farmers, and encouraging those to be engaging in farming to acquire agricultural technologies and management methods, in order to develop and secure human resources who play a major role in efficient and stable farm management.

• 農村向けのものとしては農事暦の要素を織り込んだ『田舎往来』・『農業往来』・『百姓往来』などが、都市の商人向けのものとしては『商売往来』・『問屋往来』・『呉服往来』・『万祥廻船往来』などが代表的な往来物としてあげられる。
• For farming villages, elements of the farming calendar were included in 'Inaka Orai' (A Letter on Farming Village) (also called 'Densha Orai'), 'Nogyo Orai' and 'Hyakusho Orai' (A Guide to Farming), etc. while 'A Guide to Commerce,' 'Toiya Orai' (also called 'Tonya Orai'), 'Gofuku Orai' and 'Banshokaisen Orai' and so on were the typical oraimono for merchants living in cities.

• これらを貢納する贄人を初めとする非農業民は、従来「無主」にして「公私共利」の地とされた山野河海の利用により生業をたてていたが、8世紀以降の律令制の解体、荘園公領制の成立とともに、荘園領主による制約を受けるようになってきた。
• Non-agricultural people, including those who presented these items, made their living from the mountains, fields, rivers, and the sea that were originally lands 'not owned by anyone' and were 'beneficial publicly and privately,' however, regulations were initiated by Shoen owners after the disbandment of the Ritsuryo system and the establishment of the Shoen-Koryo system from the 8th Century.

• 室町・戦国時代 (日本)の混乱時代、農業生産高は爆発的に増加したが、各地にモザイクのように存在する割拠勢力はそれぞれ消長を繰り返し、また支配下にも多くの自立領主がいるため、自領の実質総農業生産高を把握するのも困難であった。
• In the tumultuous years of the Muromachi period and the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan), there was a tremendous increase in agricultural production, but because all Japan had become a jigsaw puzzle made up of nodes of local authority who went through an endless cycle of prosperity and decline, and because the period also saw many feudal lords begin to declare their independence, it became extremely difficult to keep track of the true total agricultural productivity even on the land within one's own jurisdiction.

• 1980年代以降の吟醸酒ブームを受けて、さらに少酸性酵母、高エステル生成酵母、リンゴ酸高生産性多酸酵母といった高い香りを出す酵母が多数つくられ、都道府県の管轄下にある研究センターや農業大学を中心として新たな酵母の開発が進んだ。
• In response to the ginjo-shu boom in the 1980's and later, many yeasts that yield a high aroma, such as low-acid-producing yeasts, high-ester-producing yeasts, and high-malic-acid-producing yeasts, were developed, and research institutes under prefectural governments and agricultural colleges promoted development of new types of yeasts.

• 市街化調整区域、区域区分が定められていない都市計画区域又は準都市計画区域内において行う開発行為で、農業、林業若しくは漁業の用に供する政令で定める建築物又はこれらの業務を営む者の居住の用に供する建築物の建築の用に供する目的で行うもの
• Development activities performed in urbanization control areas, city planning areas where urbanization promotion areas or urbanization control areas have not been established, and/or quasi city planning areas, for the purpose of constructing buildings for agriculture, forestry or fisheries specified by Cabinet Order or buildings for dwelling by persons engaged in these sectors;

• 国は、国内の農業生産に必要な農地の確保及びその有効利用を図るため、農地として利用すべき土地の農業上の利用の確保、効率的かつ安定的な農業経営を営む者に対する農地の利用の集積、農地の効率的な利用の促進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures such as securing agricultural use of land suitable for farming, promoting an intensive use of farmland by those farmers whose management is efficient and stable, and promoting effective use of farmland in order to secure and effectively use the farmland for the domestic agricultural production.

• それは、守護大名とは異なり戦国大名が基本的には現地に居住したこと、また、それぞれ分国法と呼ばれる法令を公布し、通用させたこと、さらに、それぞれの大名が鉱山開発や農業用水の整備など殖産興業と富国強兵を目指したことに端的にあらわれている。
• This plainly shows the fact that unlike shugo daimyo, sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) basically lived locally, enforced the law bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain), and promoted new industry and fukoku kyohei (fortifying the country, strengthening the military) including mine development as well as the maintenance of agricultural water.

• これを再び統一したのは北宋であったが、宋王朝は遼や金 (王朝)などと対立していたことなどから、中国全土に対して強力な支配を行っていたとは必ずしもいえないが、宋のもとで中国の社会が安定し農業や商業が飛躍的に発展したと考えることはできる。
• It was the Northern Sung Dynasty that unified China again, but it can not be said that the Sung Dynasty was able to exert a controlling force over the whole area of China, since Sung was confronted with the Ryo and Jin Dynasties, but it can be thought that society achieved stability, and agriculture and commerce made remarkable progress in China during this period.

• 公害等調整委員会において、鉱物を掘採することが一般公益又は農業、林業若しくはその他の産業と対比して適当でないと認め、鉱物を指定して鉱業権の設定を禁止した地域（以下「鉱区禁止地域」という。）は、その鉱物については、鉱区とすることができない。
• In areas where the Environmental Dispute Coordination Commission finds it not appropriate to mine minerals in contrast with public interests in general, agriculture, forestry and other industries, and the creation of mining right of specified minerals is prohibited (hereinafter referred to as 'mining prohibition area'), no mining area can be established for the specified minerals.

• 同じ頃、天皇や院、寺社、摂関家などの他の権門に仕えていた神人・寄人・供御人などの非農業民である職能民に対して、本来在家として課される公事を免除される（免在家）とともにその代償としてそれぞれの職能に応じた奉仕を行い、これも「公事」と称した。
• During the same period, nosyokumin (workers engaged in special vocations), who were non-peasants including jinin (shrine associates), yoriudo (a dependent, frequently one who served a noble house or proprietor) and kugonin (purveyors to the imperial household) who served another influential family such as Emperor, In, temples, Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) and so on were exempted from kuji that was supposed to be imposed to zaike (local cultivator household) (Menzaike), and as a compensation, they provided with service corresponding to their professional ability, which was also called 'kuji'.

• この法律の施行の日が農業協同組合法等の一部を改正する法律（平成十三年法律第九十四号）第二条の規定の施行の日前である場合には、第九条のうち農業協同組合法第三十条第十二項の改正規定中「第三十条第十二項」とあるのは、「第三十条第十一項」とする。
• In the case where the Effective Date of this Act is prior to the effective date of the provisions of Article 2 of the Act for Partial Revision of the Agricultural Cooperative Association Act, etc. (Act No. 94 of 2001), in Article 9, 'Article 30, paragraph (12)' in the provisions revising Article 30, paragraph (12) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act shall be replaced with 'Article 30, paragraph (11).'
• Where this Act comes into effect before the date when Article 2 of the Act for Partial Revision of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, etc. (Act No. 94 of 2001) comes into effect, the term 'Article 30, paragraph (12)' in the provisions in Article 9 to revise Article 30, paragraph (12) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 30, paragraph (11).'
• In the case where the day of enforcement of this Act is prior to the day of enforcement of the provisions of Article 2 of the Act for Partial Revision of the Agricultural Cooperative Act (Act No. 94 of 2001), the term 'Article 30, paragraph (12)' in the provisions of Article 9 revising Article 30, paragraph (12) of the Agricultural Cooperative Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 30, paragraph (11).'
• In the case where the day of enforcement of this Act is a day before the day of enforcement of the provisions of Article 2 of the 'Act to Amend Part of the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Act, etc. (Act No. 94 of 2001)', 'Article 30 paragraph (12)' in the amendment provisions of Article 30 paragraph (12) of the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Act referred to in Article 9 shall be read as 'Article 30 paragraph (11)'.
• Where this Act comes into effect before the date when Article 2 of the Act for Partial Revision of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, etc. (Act No. 94 of 2001) comes into effect, the term 'Article 30(12)' in the provision in Article 9 to revise Article 30(12) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 30(11).'

• 国は、食品産業が食料の供給において果たす役割の重要性にかんがみ、その健全な発展を図るため、事業活動に伴う環境への負荷の低減及び資源の有効利用の確保に配慮しつつ、事業基盤の強化、農業との連携の推進、流通の合理化その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures such as enhancing business base, encouraging closer cooperation with agriculture, streamlining its distribution system, in order to promote the sound development of food industry in view of an importance of its role in stable food supply with proper consideration to the reduction of adverse effects to be caused by the business operation on the environment and ensuring effective use of the resources.

• 元々は開墾などの形で土地を自然のままの単なる荒地や原野から食料などの生産（農業）に即した状態（→穀倉地帯・治水）に整備するのは、個人や小集団の手には余る仕事であったし、まして近隣地域からの侵略から守ることは、民兵を組織化するにしても困難が生じた。
• Cultivating the wilderness or wastelands and converting them into the appropriate condition for food production (agriculture) (breadbasket and flood control) exceeded abilities of individuals or small groups, and it was, by and large, still difficult to defend themselves from invasion by neighboring territories, even if they organized a militia.

• 都市を洗練、田舎を野卑とする古くからの観念とあいまって、戦後社会では百姓を農業に従事する者に対する差別的な呼称であると捉える傾向が生じ、このため農業従事者が '百姓' と自称する場合を除き、マスコミなどでは '百姓' という表現を控える事が多い。
• Combined with the conventional concept that cities were sophisticated whereas the countryside was vulgar, there was a tendency in the postwar society to recognize that the term 'hyakusho' was a discriminatory term with respect to agriculture workers and, thus, except for cases in which an agriculture worker calls himself or herself 'hyakusho,' use of the expression 'hyakusho' is often refrained in mass media and the like.

• 銀行、農林中央金庫、商工組合中央金庫、信用金庫、信用金庫連合会、信用協同組合又は農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合連合会若しくは協同組合連合会で業として預金若しくは貯金の受入れをすることができるものへの預金、貯金又は金銭信託
• Deposits, savings or monetary trusts in a bank, the Norinchukin Bank, the Shoko Chukin Bank, a Shinkin bank, a federation of Shinkin banks, a credit cooperative, a federation of agricultural cooperatives, a federation of fisheries cooperatives, a federation of fishery processing cooperatives, or a federation of cooperatives that is able to accept deposits or savings on a regular basis

• それぞれ開発地を名称に冠する静岡酵母、山形酵母、秋田酵母、福島酵母や、長野酵母に代表されるカプロン酸エチル高生産性酵母、あるいは東京農業大学がなでしこ、ベコニア、ツルバラの花から分離した花酵母などが、新しい吟醸香を引き出すものとして評価を集めている。
• The high caproic acid ethyl producing yeasts such as Shizuoka yeast, Yamagata yeast, Akiya yeast, Fukushima yeast and Nagano yeast which were named after each development place, or the flower yeast which the Tokyo agricultural college separated from flowers such as pink, begonia and climbing rose were highly evaluated as yeasts which could make a new flavor of ginjoshu.

• 国は、地域の農業の健全な発展を図るとともに、景観が優れ、豊かで住みよい農村とするため、地域の特性に応じた農業生産の基盤の整備と交通、情報通信、衛生、教育、文化等の生活環境の整備その他の福祉の向上とを総合的に推進するよう、必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures for the comprehensive promotion of improvements of agricultural production bases and rural welfare including living infrastructure such as transportation, telecommunications, public health, education and culture that suit the regional characteristics, in order to promote the sound development of regional agriculture and create pleasant and comfortable rural areas with beautiful landscape.

• 国は、効率的かつ安定的な農業経営を育成し、これらの農業経営が農業生産の相当部分を担う農業構造を確立するため、営農の類型及び地域の特性に応じ、農業生産の基盤の整備の推進、農業経営の規模の拡大その他農業経営基盤の強化の促進に必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures for the promotion of improvement of agricultural production base, expansion of farm management scale and enhancement of farm management infrastructure according to the type of management and regional characteristics, in order to develop efficient and stable farm management and to establish agricultural structure that can play considerable part in the agricultural production.

• 麦焼酎は1960年代まで焼酎の中ではメジャーな存在ではなかったが、東京農業大学の柳田藤治によってイオン交換を麦焼酎へ応用する手法が開発され、宮崎県の柳田酒造によって実際の使用方法が確立すると多くの麦焼酎メーカーがイオン交換濾過法を導入することとなった。
• Until 1960's barley shochu was not major among various kinds of shochu, but Fujiharu YANAGIDA at Tokyo University of Agriculture developed a technique to apply ion exchange to barley shochu and after Yanagita Shuzo in Miyazaki Prefecture established the actual use of the technique, a lot of barley shochu makers introduced the ion exchange filtration.

• 表高は江戸幕府公認の検地によって算定された石高だが、実際の藩内では17世紀に進んだ新田開発や、農業技術（農機具・肥料等）の革新による生産力の増大に基づいた藩内検地、専売制による特産品の税高改定などによって、多くの藩では内高は表高を上回って増大していた。
• Omote-daka was calculated based on the land survey officially recognized by the Edo bakufu; however, in many domains the actual uchi-daka was higher than omote-daka and also increasing, thanks to the progress of development of new field in 17th century, the land survey within domains that was based on the increased productivity by innovation of agricultural technique (farming equipments, fertilizer), and tax reform by monopolization of indigenous products.

• その後、気子島地区では海老芋栽培によって高収入をあげていることが旧竜洋町豊岡（旧掛塚町）に伝わり、昭和13～14年にかけて、当時の旧竜洋町農業協同組合長、伊藤弘氏がこれを栽培し、良好な成績を得たのをきっかけに、この地域における海老芋栽培は大きく発展した。
• After that, people in Toyooka (the former Kaketsuka-cho) in the former Ryuyo-cho learned that raising ebi-imo was bringing substantial income to the Kegojima area, and Hiroshi ITO, the head of the farmers' cooperative of the former Ryuyo-cho, grew it from in 1938 to 39 and produced good potatoes, after the start the cultivation of ebi-imo in this area greatly developed.

• 農業へのし尿の利用は、日本を占領した連合国軍のアメリカ軍兵士により持ち込まれたサラダ等野菜の生食の習慣のため、回虫など寄生虫感染防止という衛生上の理由が生じた事や化学肥料など他の肥料の普及などから利用価値が低下し高度経済成長期には取引は行われなくなった。
• The application of human waste to agriculture lost its utility value and disappeared during the high economic growth period, because of the raw diet custom of salad and so on brought by American soldiers of the Allied Forces who occupied Japan, the prevention of parasitic infection such as roundworms and so on for hygienic reasons, and popularization of the other fertilizers such as chemical fertilizers.

• 天保の改革最中の天保13年（1842年）9月の御触書には「百姓の余技として、町人の商売を始めてはならない」という文があり、併せて農村出身の奉公人の給金に制限を設けているが、これはこうした風潮が農業の衰退に繋がる事を危惧した幕府の対応策であったと考えられる。
• An official announcement issued in October and November 1842 in the midst of the Tempo Reforms contained the following sentence: 'peasants must not start business of the townsman as a sideline' and set a ceiling on wages paid for employees who came from farming villages, all of which must have been countermeasures taken by the bakufu for fear that such tendencies would lead to a decline in agriculture.

• 稲穂の神、農業神として信仰されており、富田八幡宮/勝日神社(島根県安来市)、太郎坊宮（阿賀神社、滋賀県東近江市）、英彦山神宮（福岡県田川郡添田町）、西寒多神社（大分県大分市）、木幡神社（京都府宇治市）、天忍穂別神社（高知県香美郡香我美町）などに祀られている。
• He is believed to be a deity of rice ears and agriculture, and enshrined in Toda-hachimangu Shrine and Katsuhi-jinja Shrine (Yasugi City, Shimane Prefecture), Tarobo-no-miya Shrine (or Aga-jinja Shrine, Higashiomi City, Shiga Prefecture), Hikosan-jingu Shrine (Soeda-machi, Tagawa-gun, Fukuoka Prefecture), Sasamuta-jinja Shrine (Oita City, Oita Prefecture), Kibata-jinja Shrine (Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture), and Amenooshihowake-jinja Shrine (Kagami-cho, Kami-gun, Kochi Prefecture).

• この法律で営業とは、業として、食品若しくは添加物を採取し、製造し、輸入し、加工し、調理し、貯蔵し、運搬し、若しくは販売すること又は器具若しくは容器包装を製造し、輸入し、若しくは販売することをいう。ただし、農業及び水産業における食品の採取業は、これを含まない。
• The term "business" as used in this Act shall mean the act of collecting, producing, importing, processing, cooking, storing, transporting, or selling food or additives, or the act of producing, importing, or selling appara.us or containers and packaging, in the course of trade; provided, however, that the term shall not include the business of harvesting food in agriculture and fisheries.

• 古来、日本をかたちづける文化あるいはこの国に棲む人々の風俗や習慣には、宗教に基づく価値観が深く根ざしており、農業・林業・水産業、土木・建築などの諸産業、あるいは正月、七五三他の季節行事・祭、また伝統芸能、武道など、さまざまな場面で宗教の影響を見ることができる。
• From ancient times, a culture forming Japan, or a mode of life or custom of people living in this country has rooted in the sense of worth based on a religion, and an influence of religion can be seen in various scenes such as industries including agriculture, forestry, fishery, civil engineering and construction, or seasonal events and festivals including New Years festivals, Shichi-go-san (a day of prayer for the healthy growth of young children), etc., traditional performing arts, Budo (martial arts), etc.

• 国は、農業並びに食品の加工及び流通に関する技術の研究開発及び普及の効果的な推進を図るため、これらの技術の研究開発の目標の明確化、国及び都道府県の試験研究機関、大学、民間等の連携の強化、地域の特性に応じた農業に関する技術の普及事業の推進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures such as setting specific goals for the research and development of technology, encouraging closer cooperation among national and local research institutes, universities and private bodies, and promoting the dissemination of agricultural technologies that suit the regional characteristics, in order to effectively promote research and development and dissemination of such technologies in the area of agriculture, food processing and distribution.

• 国は、男女が社会の対等な構成員としてあらゆる活動に参画する機会を確保することが重要であることにかんがみ、女性の農業経営における役割を適正に評価するとともに、女性が自らの意思によって農業経営及びこれに関連する活動に参画する機会を確保するための環境整備を推進するものとする。
• In view of an importance of both men and women to secure opportunities in participating all kinds of activities as equal members of the society, the State shall promote the creation of an environment in which women's role in farm management is fairly assessed and women can be provided with opportunities to get participated in farm management and other relevant activities on voluntary basis.

• 中世において成立した収取体制においては、雑役系の公事・夫役は名田を収取単位として租税の賦課が行われていたが、名田が十分に確立されていない地域や供御人・神人など荘園・公領の支配体系に属しない人々（主に非農業民）から公事・夫役を収取するために在家を単位として賦課したのである。
• Under the tax collection system established in the Medieval period taxes relating to public duties and labor services, which were kinds of zoyaku (odd-jobs tasks), were assessed for myoden (rice field lots) as a collection unit; on the other hand, taxes relating to public duties and labor services were collected in regions where myoden had not sufficiently established or from people who did not belong to the ruling system of shoen (manor) and koryo (mainly non-cultivators) (mostly non-farmer), such as kugonin (groups of producer-merchants) or jinin (shrine dependents) by assessing for zaike as a collection unit.

• しかし由良川は国土交通大臣が国民経済上特に重要な河川などに対して指定する一級水系に指定されているとおり、市内に供給される浄水場の原水や農業用水としては勿論のこと、今では市民の手による鮎や鮭の稚魚の放流といったイベントが開かれるなど、市民の生活には欠くことのできない川である。
• However, the Yura-gawa River is designated as a first class river, a classification designated by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism indicating rivers which are especially important to the national economy; these days, the river is essential to people's lives, as its water is used to supply water to the city via a purification plant for agriculture; moreover, various events, such as the release of young sweetfish and salmon are also held by citizens at the river as well.

• 農業、林業若しくは漁業の用に供する建築物で第二十九条第一項第二号の政令で定める建築物以外のものの建築又は市街化調整区域内において生産される農産物、林産物若しくは水産物の処理、貯蔵若しくは加工に必要な建築物若しくは第一種特定工作物の建築若しくは建設の用に供する目的で行う開発行為
• Development activities carried out with the purpose of building or constructing buildings for use in agriculture, forestry or fisheries (except buildings specified by Cabinet Order mentioned in Article 29 paragraph (1) item (ii)),and/or buildings or Category 1 special structures necessary for disposing, storing or processing agricultural, forest or marine products produced in urbanization control areas;

• 林遠里の考案した農法は、筑前農法または福岡農法と呼ばれ、寒水浸法、土囲い法、冬蒔き畑苗代法をその中核としながら、多労を旨とした集約的農業技術により土地生産性を高める一方で、抱持立犂を装備した牛馬耕を導入することによって耕耘作業を省力化し、労働生産性を高めるというものであった。
• The agricultural methods devised by Onri HAYASHI was called Chikuzen noho (Chikuzen farming method) or Fukuoka noho (Fukuoka farming method), which introduced Kansui shinho (soaking seeds in water during winter), Tsuchigakoi-ho (keeping seeds in soil during winter) and Fuyumaki hata nawashiro-ho (sowing seeds in non-irrigated rice nursery in winter) as its core methods, and while improving land productivity with work-intensive agricultural techniques, it increased labor productivity by saving tillage works using cattle equipped with Kakaemottatesuki (a kind of Japanese plow without sole).

• 目的は木津川・淀川流域の洪水調節、日本のダム利用目的（木津川流域の既成農地が取水している既得農業用水の確保）、大阪市・枚方市・守口市といった大阪府及び神戸市・西宮市・尼崎市等兵庫県の人口密集地帯への上水道供給、関西電力が行う水力発電（認可出力6,000kW）の多目的ダムである。
• The objectives of this multipurpose dam are: (1) flood control of the Kizu-gawa and Yodo-gawa areas; (2) the common purpose of dams in Japan (supply of water for agriculture that is the vested right of the farmlands in Kizu-gawa area); (3) the supply of drinking water to densely-populated areas such as Osaka City, Hirakata City, Moriguchi City (Osaka Prefecture): and Kobe City, Nishinomiya City, and Amagasaki City (Hyogo Prefecture); (4) hydroelectric power generation by the Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. (permitted output: 6,000 kW).

• また、平成13年施行の廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律およびそれに基づく「廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律施行令」により、風俗慣習上又は宗教上の行事を行うために必要な廃棄物の焼却や、農業、林業又は漁業を営むためにやむを得ないものとして行われる廃棄物の焼却など以外は禁止されている。
• Also, noyaki is prohibited except when burning waste materials is necessary to comply with the manners and customs or to perform an religions event, or when it is imperative in order for the operation of agriculture, forestry or fishery, in accordance with 'the Wastes Disposal and Public Cleansing Act' enforced in 2001 and the enforcement order of 'the Wastes Disposal and Public Cleansing Act.'

• 人の営み「勤しみ（いそしみ）」にも神が宿ると考え農業・林業・漁業などにおいて、例えば稲作信仰の米作りは神事であり、これらの自然と密着した一次産業だけでなく、二次産業においても建築・土木・鉱業や鍛冶・たたら（日本の古式製鉄）の工業や醸造・酒造といった食品加工業にも神が宿ると考えた。
• In the faith that deities reside in a human activity, for example, rice production was a divine service in folk religion for rice cultivation in the agriculture and fishery, and, not only in the primary industry tightly connected to the nature but also in the secondary industry, it was believed that deities reside in construction, civil engineering, mining, industries of blacksmith and tatara (ancient iron-making in Japan), and food processing industry such as brewing.

• 江戸時代末期以来、富国強兵の大義名分のもと年々増税等が行われる中、1881年（明治14年）10月に大蔵卿に就任した松方正義によるいわゆる松方財政の影響により、現在でいうデフレスパイラルが発生し（松方デフレ）、いまだ脆弱であった日本の経済、とりわけ農業部門には深刻な不況が発生した。
• In a situation where taxes and so on had been increased year by year since the end of Edo period for the policy of fukoku kyohei (fortifying the country, strengthening the military), under the influence of so-called Matsukata finance by Masayoshi MATSUKATA, who assumed the post of the Ministry of Finance in October 1881, what we call a deflationary spiral occurred (Matsukata deflation), which brought a serious deflation in Japanese economy, especially in the agricultural sector.

• しかし、申告がなされなかった土地や、国有地と認定された土地（主に隠田などの所有者不明の土地とされるが、旧朝鮮王朝の土地を含むともいう）は接収され、東洋拓殖株式会社法（1909年法律第63号）によって設立され、朝鮮最大の地主となった東洋拓殖や、その他の日本人農業者に払い下げられた。
• However, the land not declared or land designated as state-owned land (it is said it was mainly the land of unknown owners, such as hidden rice fields, and included the land of the former Korean Dynasties) was taken over, and then sold to the Toyo Takushoku Co. Ltd., which was founded according to the Toyo Takushoku Co. Ltd. Law (1909 law No. 63) and became the largest landlord in Korea, as well as other Japanese farmers.

• 国は、指定有害動植物の防除のため特に必要があるときは、地方公共団体、農業者又はその組織する団体であつて、第二十四条第五項の告示に係る防除計画に基き防除を行おうとするものに対し、防除に必要な薬剤を譲与し、若しくは時価より低い対価で譲渡し、又は防除用器具を無償で貸し付けることができる。
• In the event that it is specifically necessary for the control of the Specified Pests, the national government may dish out, or transfer at a price lower than the market price, chemicals necessary for the control or may lend the Equipment for Control without charge to local governments, agricultural workers or bodies organized by them that intend to implement the control based on the Plan for Control pertaining to the public notice under paragraph 5 of Article 24.

• この法律で器具とは、飲食器、割ぽう具その他食品又は添加物の採取、製造、加工、調理、貯蔵、運搬、陳列、授受又は摂取の用に供され、かつ、食品又は添加物に直接接触する機械、器具その他の物をいう。ただし、農業及び水産業における食品の採取の用に供される機械、器具その他の物は、これを含まない。
• The term "appara.us" as used in this Act shall mean tableware, kitchen utensils, and other machines, implements, and other articles which are used for collecting, producing, processing, cooking, storing, transporting, displaying, delivering, or consuming food or additives and which come into direct contact with food or additives; provided, however, that this term shall not include machines, implements, and other articles used for harvesting food in agriculture and fisheries.

• この法律は、食料、農業及び農村に関する施策について、基本理念及びその実現を図るのに基本となる事項を定め、並びに国及び地方公共団体の責務等を明らかにすることにより、食料、農業及び農村に関する施策を総合的かつ計画的に推進し、もって国民生活の安定向上及び国民経済の健全な発展を図ることを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is to stabilize and improve the life of the citizens and to develop the national economy through comprehensive and systematic implementation of the policies on food, agriculture and rural areas by means of establishing basic principles and basic matters for their realization and clarifying the responsibilities of the national and local governments.

• この台湾経済をその内容により分類するとすれば、1920年までの糖業を主軸とする期間、1920年から1930年代にかけての蓬莱米の生産を主軸とする期間、そして1930年代以降にそれまでの工業を内地、農業を台湾としていた分業論を改め、軍需に対応すべく台湾の工業化が展開された3時期に区分することができる。
• The Taiwanese economy was classified by its features into three periods: before 1920 when sugar industry was main, from the 1920s to the 1930s during which time Horai rice cultivation was spotlighted and after the 1930s when an international division of labor between mainland Japan focusing on industry and Taiwan on agriculture discontinued and Taiwan's industrialization was promoted to meet military demand.

• 当時の百姓身分は農業や手工業の比較的規模の大きい経営者階層であり、この層に出自する者が地侍などの形で武士身分に食い込みを図るときには、勢力地盤となっている村の名前などを苗字とするのが普通であるし、そもそもこの階層は惣村共同体の足軽中で通用する程度に権威のある私称の苗字を保持しているのが通例であった。
• A farmer class of this age was a comparatively huge hierarchy, composed by businesspersons of agriculture and manufacture; when a person who was from this class tried to become warriors' class such as local samurai, he usually used a place name like home village's name as a surname, and people of this class usually had authorized surnames which they could use among 'Ashigaru' in the community of village.

• 国は、専ら農業を営む者その他経営意欲のある農業者が創意工夫を生かした農業経営を展開できるようにすることが重要であることにかんがみ、経営管理の合理化その他の経営の発展及びその円滑な継承に資する条件を整備し、家族農業経営の活性化を図るとともに、農業経営の法人化を推進するために必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• In view of the importance of enabling full-time farmers and other motivated farmers to develop originality and creativity in their farm management, the State shall take necessary measures for the revitalization of family farming by means of improving conditions for the rational management and smooth business succession, and the promotion of incorporation of farm management.

• 農林水産大臣は、前条第一項の発生予察事業の実施により得た資料に基き、又はその他の事情にかんがみ、必要があると認めるときは、指定有害動植物につき、地方公共団体、農業者又はその組織する団体が行うべき防除の基本となる計画（以下「防除計画」という。）の大綱を定め、これを関係都道府県知事に指示しなければならない。
• In the event that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries deems necessary on the basis of materials obtained as a result of the execution of the Prevalence Reconnaissance Business under paragraph 1 of the preceding Article or taking other circumstances into consideration, he/she shall establish a broad outline of a plan that constitutes the base of control of the Specified Pests to be carried out by local governments, agricultural workers or bodies organized by them (hereinafter referred to as the 'Plan for Control'), and shall give such Plan to the prefectural governors concerned.

• 11世紀以降、非農業民は有力寺社などに生産物を貢納することを理由に、これらに隷属する神人となっていたが、後三条天皇親政下において、内廷経済を充実させるべく山野河海に設定されていた御厨を直轄化するという政策がとられると、蔵人所とその下部組織である御厨所の所管となった御厨の住民が供御人と呼ばれるようになった。
• Since the 11th Century, the non-agricultural people became jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) because they presented their products to the major temples and shrines, however, the residents of Kurodo dokoro and mikuriya (manors of Imperial Family and powerful shrines) which was controlled by mikuriya (the place to cook for Emperor) which was under Kurodo dokoro were called Kugonin when a policy of directly controlling mikuriya which had been set in mountains, fields, rivers, and sea to enrich the economy of the court was taken under the administration of Emperor Gosanjo.

• そもそも、これらの歴史的事件を評価するときに念頭に置いておかなければならないのは、受領層に対して闘争を行った百姓層とは決して受領の収奪にあえぐ零細な農民などではなく、隷属民や私兵を多数擁して地域支配や産業において莫大な利権を持ち、国衙と負名契約を結んでいた、農業など諸産業の大規模経営者であったということである。
• In evaluating these historical events, we should keep in mind that the farmer class refers not to poor farmers suffering from heavy taxes Zuryo collected but to large-scale managers of agriculture and other industries who had vested rights in the local community and industries with many subordinate people and private solders and had a contract with kokuga over fumyo.

• 国土の保全、水源のかん養、自然環境の保全、良好な景観の形成、文化の伝承等農村で農業生産活動が行われることにより生ずる食料その他の農産物の供給の機能以外の多面にわたる機能（以下「多面的機能」という。）については、国民生活及び国民経済の安定に果たす役割にかんがみ、将来にわたって、適切かつ十分に発揮されなければならない。
• In consideration of the importance of maintaining the stable life of the citizens and the national economy, multiple roles that agriculture plays through stable production in rural areas including conservation of national land, water resources, natural environment, formation of good landscape and respect for the cultural tradition in addition to its conventional role as a primary food supplier (hereinafter referred to as 'multifunctional role'), shall be fully fulfilled for the future.

• 戦後の歴史学において、悪党は封建領主のなかで位置づけられていたが、網野善彦、佐藤進一らが社会的基盤を農業以外に置く手工業民や芸能民などに着目した中世史像を提示すると、悪党の存在もそれらと関連付けて論じられるようになり、20世紀末からは海津一朗らによって元寇や徳政令等の社会変動における悪党の位置づけが試みられている。
• In historical science after the war, akuto was positioned among feudal lords, but when Yoshihiko AMINO, Shinichi SATO, etc. introduced a picture of medieval history focused on craftsmen and entertainers whose social foundations were not agricultural, akuto was discussed in connection with them, and from the end of the 20th century, Ichiro KAIZU and others were attempting to position akuto in the context of social change such as genko and Tokuseirei (ordering return of land sold and dissolution of debts).

• 渡良瀬川から農業用水を取水していた中流右岸の待矢場両堰普通水利組合（現在の待矢場両堰土地改良区。主に群馬県山田郡、邑楽郡の町村に用水を供給していた）と三栗谷用水普通水利組合（現在の三栗谷用水土地改良区、主に足利郡右岸に用水を供給）は、古河側と永久示談を行わず、期限つきの示談交渉を数度に渡り延長する方式をとっていた。
• The unions of the areas which had drawn water for fields from Watarase-gawa River on the right of the midstream, including the Common Water Supply Union of Machi-Yaba Ryozeki (present Machi-Yaba Twin Weir System Land Improvement District which had supplied water mainly to Yamada County and Oura County in Gunma Prefecture), and the Common Water Supply Union of Mikuriya Yosui (present Mikuriya Water Land Improvement District), did not make a final composition (with the condition that they should abandon every right to demand or negotiate after the composition in exchange for some money) with the Furukawa side, and instead of that, they made the composition with the term of validity and the renewal of the composition several times.

• 国は、山間地及びその周辺の地域その他の地勢等の地理的条件が悪く、農業の生産条件が不利な地域（以下「中山間地域等」という。）において、その地域の特性に応じて、新規の作物の導入、地域特産物の生産及び販売等を通じた農業その他の産業の振興による就業機会の増大、生活環境の整備による定住の促進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures, for the areas with poor geographical conditions and disadvantages to agricultural production including mountainous areas and their surrounding areas (hereinafter referred to as 'hilly and mountainous areas'), such as increasing job opportunities by promoting agriculture and other industries through introduction of new crops and production and distribution of local specialty products, taking such regional characteristics into consideration and promoting the settlement of the people through improved living environment.

• 国は、良好な営農条件を備えた農地及び農業用水を確保し、これらの有効利用を図ることにより、農業の生産性の向上を促進するため、地域の特性に応じて、環境との調和に配慮しつつ、事業の効率的な実施を旨として、農地の区画の拡大、水田の汎用化、農業用用排水施設の機能の維持増進その他の農業生産の基盤の整備に必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures for agricultural production base including farmland partition enlargement, creation of multipurpose paddy fields, maintenance of better functions of irrigation and drainage facilities, according to the regional characteristics, in consideration of harmony with the environment, and with the view of efficient operation, in order to encourage the improvement of agricultural productivity by securing farmland with good farming conditions and agricultural water facilities and promotion of their effective use.

• 申請人を含めた受入れ機関に受け入れられている研修生の人数が当該機関の常勤の職員の総数を超えるものでなく、かつ、次の表の上欄に掲げる当該総数に応じそれぞれ同表の下欄に掲げる人数の範囲内であること。ただし、受入れ機関が農業を営む機関である場合については、申請人を含めた受入れ機関に受け入れられている研修生の人数が二人以内であること。
• The number of trainees accepted by the accepting organization, including the applicant, must not exceed the total number of full-time employees at the organization, and must be within the number of trainees listed in the right-hand column of the following table according to the relevant total number of full-time employees listed in the left-hand column of this table; provided, however, in cases where the accepting organization engages in agriculture, the number of trainees that the accepting organization accepts must not to exceed two, including the applicant.

• 農村については、農業者を含めた地域住民の生活の場で農業が営まれていることにより、農業の持続的な発展の基盤たる役割を果たしていることにかんがみ、農業の有する食料その他の農産物の供給の機能及び多面的機能が適切かつ十分に発揮されるよう、農業の生産条件の整備及び生活環境の整備その他の福祉の向上により、その振興が図られなければならない。
• In consideration of the fact that rural areas play an important role as the base for the sustainable agricultural development through agricultural activities taken in the communities including farmers, rural areas shall be developed by improving agricultural production conditions and rural welfare including living environment so that the conventional role as a primary food supplier and the multifunctional role can be fulfilled fully.

• 経済産業局長は、鉱 物の掘採が保健衛生上害があり、公共の用に供する施設若しくはこれに準ずる施設を破壊し、文化財、公園若しくは温泉資源の保護に支障を生じ、又は農業、林 業若しくはその他の産業の利益を損じ、著しく公共の福祉に反するようになつたと認めるときは、鉱区のその部分について減少の処分をし、又は鉱業権を取り消 さなければならない。
• When the mining of minerals is found to be harmful to health, destroy facilities for public use or any facility equivalent to the above, hinder the protection of cultural properties, parks or hot spring resources, or impair the interests of agriculture, forestry and other industries, and be extremely adverse to public welfare, the Director of Regional Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry shall make dispositions to decrease such part of the mining area or rescind the mining right thereof.

• 1981年に銀行法が全部改正された際に、「定期積金等」という定義によって、相互掛金は普通銀行での取扱も可能にはなったものの、銀行法以外の法律に基づいて設立された長期信用銀行、信用金庫、信用組合、農業協同組合、漁業協同組合、労働金庫の各根拠法は改正されなかったため、相互銀行法が廃止された現在では、普通銀行のみが取扱えるものとなっている。
• When the Banking Act was entirely revised in 1981, it became possible to handle mutual premiums in ordinary banks called 'regular deposits and others,' but each base law of long-term credit banks, credit unions, credit associations, agricultural cooperative associations, fishery cooperative associations, and labor credit associations established based upon the law, rather than the Banking Act, was not revised, therefore, now only the ordinary banks can manage it because the Mutual Loan and Savings Bank Act was abolished.

• 経済産業局長は、鉱 業出願地における鉱物の掘採が経済的に価値がないと認めるとき、又は保健衛生上害があり、公共の用に供する施設若しくはこれに準ずる施設を破壊し、文化 財、公園若しくは温泉資源の保護に支障を生じ、若しくは農業、林業若しくはその他の産業の利益を損じ、公共の福祉に反すると認めるときは、その部分につい ては、その出願を許可してはならない。
• When the mining of minerals in mining application areas is found to have no economic value, be harmful to health, destroy facilities for public use or any facility equivalent to the above, disrupt the protection of cultural properties, parks or hot spring resources, or impair the interests of agriculture, forestry and other industries, and be extremely adverse to public welfare, the Director of Regional Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry shall not permit such applications for such areas.

• 国は、地方公共団体、農業者又はその組織する団体であつて、前条第五項の告示に係る防除計画に基き防除を行つたものに対し、予算の範囲内において、防除に必要な薬剤（薬剤として用いることができる物を含む。以下同じ。）及び噴霧機、散粉機、煙霧機その他防除に必要な器具（以下「防除用器具」という。）の購入に要した費用の二分の一以内の補助金を交付することができる。
• The national government may grant a subsidy of not more than one half of the cost, within the scope of the budget, required for the purchase of chemicals (including such substances as may be used as chemicals: the same shall apply hereinafter), spray pumps, dust guns, fog machines and other equipment necessary for the control (hereinafter referred to as the 'Equipment for Control') to local governments, agricultural workers or bodies organized by them that have implemented the control based on the Plan for Control pertaining to the public notice under paragraph 5 of the preceding Article.

• 金融機関（銀行、信託会社、保険会社、信用金庫、信用金庫連合会、労働金庫、労働金庫連合会、農林中央金庫、商工組合中央金庫並びに信用協同組合及び農業協同組合、水産業協同組合その他の貯金の受入れを行う組合をいう。）の役員、職員その他の従業者は、その地位を利用し、自己又は当該金融機関以外の第三者の利益を図るため、金銭の貸付、金銭の貸借の媒介又は債務の保証をしてはならない。
• No officer, employee or any other person working for a financial institution (bank, trust company, insurance company, credit union, association of credit unions, labor bank, association of labor banks, the agricultural and forestry central bank, the commerce and industrial association central bank, the credit cooperative association bank, agricultural cooperative association bank, fishery cooperative association bank or other associations that accept savings) shall lend money to other persons, mediate in loans or guarantee obligations utilizing his/her position for the purpose of promoting his/her own interest or the interest of a third party other than the financial institution concerned.

• 農林中央金庫、商工組合中央金庫、農業協同組合及び農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水産加工業協同組合連合会、信用協同組合及び信用協同組合連合会、船主相互保険組合、信用金庫及び信用金庫連合会並びに労働金庫及び労働金庫連合会についての、附則第一条ただし書に掲げる改正規定の施行前に開始した事業年度終了の日における金銭債権等の評価
• Valuation of Monetary Claims, etc. of the Norinchukin Bank, the Shoko Chukin Bank, agricultural cooperative, federation of agricultural cooperatives, fisheries cooperative, federation of fisheries cooperatives, fishery processing cooperative and federation of fishery processing cooperatives, credit cooperative and Federation of Credit Cooperatives, ship owner's mutual insurance union, Shinkin Bank and federation of Shinkin Banks, and labor bank and federation of labor banks at the end of the business year starting before the revising provisions listed in the proviso to Article 1 of these Supplementary Provisions come into effect;

• 農林中央金庫、商工組合中央金庫、農業協同組合及び農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組 合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水産加工業協同組合連合会、信用協同組合及び信用協同組合連合会、船主相互保険組合、信用金庫及び信用金 庫連合会並びに労働金庫及び労働金庫連合会についての、附則第一条ただし書に掲げる改正規定の施行前に開始した事業年度終了の日における金銭債権等の評価
• Valuation of Monetary Claims, etc. of the Norinchukin Bank, the Shoko Chukin Bank, agricultural cooperative, federation of agricultural cooperatives, fisheries cooperative, federation of fisheries cooperatives, fishery processing cooperative and federation of fishery processing cooperatives, credit cooperative and Federation of Credit Cooperatives, ship owner's mutual insurance union, Shinkin Bank and federation of Shinkin Banks, and labor bank and federation of labor banks at the end of the Business Year starting before the revising provisions listed in the proviso to Article 1 of these Supplementary Provisions come into effect;

• この法律は、適正かつ合理的な農林物資の規格を制定し、これを普及させる ことによって、農林物資の品質の改善、生産の合理化、取引の単純公正化及び使用又は消費の合理化を図るとともに、農林物資の品質に関する適正な表示を行な わせることによって一般消費者の選択に資し、もつて農林物資の生産及び流通の円滑化、消費者の需要に即した農業生産等の振興並びに消費者の利益の保護に寄 与することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is to improve quality, increase productivity, improve the fairness and simplicity of transactions in, and rationalize the use or consumption of agricultural and forestry products by enacting and disseminating appropriate and rational standards for the products, and to help consumers choose products by enforcing proper quality labeling of them, thereby contributing to their smooth production and distribution, promotion of agricultural production based on consumer demand, and protection of the interests of consumers.

• そのため現在の台湾の教育・民生・軍事・経済の基盤は当時の日本によって建設されたものが基礎となっていると主張する意見（李登輝など）と、近代化の中の日本の役割を過大評価することは植民地統治の正当化と反発する意見、台湾は日本への農作物供給地として農業を中心に発展させられたため工業発展に遅れたと主張する意見、日本商人の搾取によって富が奪われたとする意見（図解台湾史、台湾歴史図説）も提示されている。
• Therefore, there are different opinions about the ruling by Japan as follows; one opinion is that the infrastructure of Taiwan, such as education, people's livelihood, military and economy, was based upon one built by Japan at that time (Teng-hui LEE and others) and other opposing opinions are that overestimating the role of Japan in modernization leads to a justification for colonial rule, Japan imposed an agriculture-centered policy to make Taiwan a supply source of agricultural products to Japan and it resulted in delaying industrial development and the wealth of Taiwan was deprived by Japanese merchants Taiwan (Illustrated History of Taiwan, Illustration of Taiwanese History).

• これは実際には「生かさぬように殺さぬように」という発想で再生産が抑圧され、地主の地位が強力であった日本の農業社会の実態に合わず、また実際の地租算定においても生産経費を実際よりも低く見積もられたために、高率の税率も重なって地租が生産経費を圧迫し、小作料を跳ね上げる（当時の物価水準では収穫の1/3近くが地価の3％に相当し、更に地主が利潤を上乗せするために、結果的に小作料が上昇した）結果をもたらした。
• In fact, this assumption proved to be incorrect in the Japanese agricultural society where the position of landowners were strong and reproduction was suppressed under the idea of 'let the farmers live only well enough to work but don't kill them'; In addition, because the production expense was estimated lower than the expense required in the actual calculation of land-tax, together with high tax rate, land-tax put pressure on the production expense and as the result, the land-tax made the farm rent jump; (in the price level at the time, nearly the one third of the crop yield was equivalent to the 3% of the land price, and because the landowners added their profit on top of this, the farm rent increased as the result).

• 第三号に規定する区域における第七号の施設（工場若しくは事業場若しくはこれらの用に供するための工場用地若しくは業務用地又は研究開発のための施設若しくは研修施設に限る。）の整備が、農用地等（農業振興地域の整備に関する法律（昭和四十四年法律第五十八号）第三条に規定する農用地等をいう。以下この号において同じ。）として利用されている土地において行われる場合にあっては、当該土地を農用地等以外の用途に供するために行う土地の利用の調整に関する事項
• where the development of facilities set forth in item (vii) (limited to factories or workplaces, factory sites or business sites to be used therefor, or research and development facilities or training facilities) in a zone prescribed in item (iii) is carried out on land that is used as agricultural land or the like (meaning agricultural land or the like prescribed in Article 3 of the Act on Establishment of Agricultural Promotion Areas (Act No. 58 of 1969); hereinafter the same shall apply in this item), matters concerning adjustment of the utilization of lands for using said land for purposes other than as agricultural land or the like;

• 農業については、その有する食料その他の農産物の供給の機能及び多面的機能の重要性にかんがみ、必要な農地、農業用水その他の農業資源及び農業の担い手が確保され、地域の特性に応じてこれらが効率的に組み合わされた望ましい農業構造が確立されるとともに、農業の自然循環機能（農業生産活動が自然界における生物を介在する物質の循環に依存し、かつ、これを促進する機能をいう。以下同じ。）が維持増進されることにより、その持続的な発展が図られなければならない。
• In consideration of importance of its conventional role as a primary food supplier and its multifunctional role, sustainable development of agriculture shall be promoted by securing agricultural facilities including necessary farmlands, water for agricultural use, other agricultural resources and workforce; establishing a desirable agricultural structure with an effective combination of aforementioned elements based on regional characteristics; maintaining and improving natural cyclical function of agriculture. (This term means the function of agriculture in stimulating biological and physical cycle in nature while being strongly influenced by the cycle. This definition shall be referred to hereinafter.)

• 農業を営む者で政 令で定めるものが、最初に育成者権者、専用利用権者又は通常利用権者により譲渡された登録品種、登録品種と特性により明確に区別されない品種及び登録品種 に係る前条第二項各号に掲げる品種（以下「登録品種等」と総称する。）の種苗を用いて収穫物を得、その収穫物を自己の農業経営において更に種苗として用い る場合には、育成者権の効力は、その更に用いた種苗、これを用いて得た収穫物及びその収穫物に係る加工品には及ばない。ただし、契約で別段の定めをした場 合は、この限りでない。
• Where farmers as prescribed by the Cabinet Order has obtained harvested material through the use of propagating material of a registered variety, varieties which, by the expressions of the characteristics, are not clearly distinguishable from the registered variety, or varieties listed in each item of paragraph (2) of Article 20 pertaining to the registered variety (hereinafter collectively referred to as 'registered variety etc.') which have been transferred by the holder of the breeder's right, the holder of an exclusive exploitation right or the holder of a non-exclusive exploitation right, and further use, on their own holdings, the said harvested material as propagating material for the next production cycle, the effects of the breeder's right shall not extend to the said propagating material used for the next production cycle, the harvested material obtained through the use of it, and processed products pertaining to such harvested material, unless otherwise agreed upon by contract.

• 保険業法（平成七年法律第百五号）第二条第一項に規定する保険業を行う者が保険者となる保険契約、農業協同組合法（昭和二十二年法律第百三十二号）第十条第一項第十号に規定する事業を行う同法第五条に規定する組合と締結した共済契約、中小企業等協同組合法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十一号）第九条の二第七項に規定する共済事業を行う同法第三条に規定する組合と締結した共済契約又は不動産特定共同事業法（平成六年法律第七十七号）第二条第三項に規定する不動産特定共同事業契約に基づく権利（イ及びロに掲げる権利を除く。）
• rights based on an insurance contract in which a person who engages in insurance business as defined in Article 2(1) of the Insurance Business Act (Act No. 105 of 1995) is the insurer, a mutual aid contract concluded with a cooperative specified in Article 5 of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act (Act No. 132 of 1947) which engages in the service specified in Article 10(1)(x) of said Act, a mutual aid contract concluded with a cooperative provided in Article 3 of the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act (Act No. 181 of 1949) which engages in the mutual aid service specified in Article 9-2(7) of said Act or a real estate specified joint enterprise contract defined in Article 2(3) of the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act (Act No. 77 of 1994) (excluding rights listed in (a) and (b)); or

• 都道府県は、都市計画区域外の区域のうち、相当数の建築物その他の工作物（以下「建築物等」という。）の建築若しくは建設又はこれらの敷地の造成が現に行われ、又は行われると見込まれる区域を含み、かつ、自然的及び社会的条件並びに農業振興地域の整備に関する法律（昭和四十四年法律第五十八号）その他の法令による土地利用の規制の状況その他国土交通省令で定める事項に関する現況及び推移を勘案して、そのまま土地利用を整序し、又は環境を保全するための措置を講ずることなく放置すれば、将来における一体の都市としての整備、開発及び保全に支障が生じるおそれがあると認められる一定の区域を、準都市計画区域として指定することができる。
• The Prefectures may designate as quasi-city planning areas those areas outside of city planning areas in which the construction of a considerable number of buildings and other structures (hereinafter referred to as 'buildings etc.') or land preparation is actually conducted, including areas in which construction is scheduled, giving due consideration to natural and social conditions, the current situation of land use regulations set forth in the Act Concerning Establishment of Agricultural Promotion Areas (Act No. 58 of 1969), and the current situation and developments concerning other matters stipulated in Ordinances of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and where it is recognized that that future integrated city improvement, development and preservation risks hindrance if measures are not taken to organize land use or conserve the environment.

• 委員会は、食品の安全性の確保に関し重大な被害が生じ、又は生じるおそれがある緊急の事態に対処するため必要があると認めるときは、関係各大臣に対し、独立行政法人国立健康・栄養研究所法（平成十一年法律第百八十号）第十三条第一項の規定による求め又は独立行政法人農林水産消費安全技術センター法（平成十一年法律第百八十三号）第十二条第一項、独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構法（平成十一年法律第百九十二号）第十八条第一項、独立行政法人農業環境技術研究所法（平成十一年法律第百九十四号）第十三条第一項若しくは独立行政法人水産総合研究センター法（平成十一年法律第百九十九号）第十五条第一項の規定による要請をするよう求めることができる。
• The Commission may request that relevant ministers make a demand in accordance with the provisions of Article 13, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Institute of Health and Nutrition Act (Act No. 180 of 1999) or a request in accordance with the provisions of Article 12, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center Act (Act No. 183 of 1999), Article 18, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Act (Act No. 192 of 1999), Article 13, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences Act (Act No. 194 of 1999), or Article 15, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, Fisheries Research Agency Act (Act No. 199 of 1999), if it is recognized to be necessary for coping with emergency situations that cause or are likely to cause serious damage to the ensuring of Food safety.

• 委員会は、食品の安全性 の確保に関し重大な被害が生じ、又は生じるおそれがある緊急の事態に対処するため必要があると認めるときは、関係各大臣に対し、独立行政法人国立健康・栄 養研究所法（平成十一年法律第百八十号）第十三条第一項の規定による求め又は独立行政法人農林水産消費安全技術センター法（平成十一年法律第百八十三号） 第十二条第一項、独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構法（平成十一年法律第百九十二号）第十八条第一項、独立行政法人農業環境技術研究所法（平成 十一年法律第百九十四号）第十三条第一項若しくは独立行政法人水産総合研究センター法（平成十一年法律第百九十九号）第十五条第一項の規定による要請をす るよう求めることができる。
• The Commission may request that relevant ministers make a demand in accordance with the provisions of Article 13, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Institute of Health and Nutrition Act (Act No. 180 of 1999) or a request in accordance with the provisions of Article 12, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center Act (Act No. 183 of 1999), Article 18, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Act (Act No. 192 of 1999), Article 13, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences Act (Act No. 194 of 1999), or Article 15, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, Fisheries Research Agency Act (Act No. 199 of 1999), if it is recognized to be necessary for coping with emergency situations that cause or are likely to cause serious damage to the ensuring of Food safety.

• この法律の施行前に終了した営業年度について作成すべき監査報告書の記載事項に関しては、なお従前の例による。農林中央金庫、農業協同組合及び農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水産加工業協同組合連合会、信用協同組合及び信用協同組合連合会（中小企業等協同組合法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十一号）第九条の九第一項第一号の事業を行う協同組合連合会をいう。次条において同じ。）、信用金庫及び信用金庫連合会、労働金庫及び労働金庫連合会並びに相互会社（保険業法第二条第五項に規定する相互会社をいう。次条において同じ。）についての、この法律の施行前に終了した事業年度について作成すべき監査報告書の記載事項に関しても、同様とする。
• With regard to matters to be stated in the audit report to be prepared for the fiscal year ending before this Act comes in force, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable. With regard to matters to be stated in the audit report to be prepared by the Norinchukin Bank, agricultural cooperative, federation of agricultural cooperatives, fisheries cooperative, federation of fisheries cooperatives, fishery processing cooperative and federation of fishery processing cooperatives, credit cooperative and Federation of Credit Cooperatives (meaning a Federation of Credit Cooperatives that conducts business set forth in Article 9-9, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act (Act No. 181 of 1949); the same shall apply in the following Article), Shinkin Bank and federation of Shinkin Banks, labor bank and federation of labor banks, and Mutual Company (meaning a Mutual Company as defined in Article 2, paragraph (5) of the Insurance Services Act; the same shall apply in the following Article) for the business year ending before this Act comes in force.

• この法律の施行前に終了した営業年度について作成すべき監査報告書の記載 事項に関しては、なお従前の例による。農林中央金庫、農業協同組合及び農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水 産加工業協同組合連合会、信用協同組合及び信用協同組合連合会（中小企業等協同組合法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十一号）第九条の九第一項第一号の事業を行 う協同組合連合会をいう。次条において同じ。）、信用金庫及び信用金庫連合会、労働金庫及び労働金庫連合会並びに相互会社（保険業法第二条第五項に規定す る相互会社をいう。次条において同じ。）についての、この法律の施行前に終了した事業年度について作成すべき監査報告書の記載事項に関しても、同様とす る。
• With regard to matters to be stated in the audit report to be prepared for the Business Year ending before this Act comes in force, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable. With regard to matters to be stated in the audit report to be prepared by the Norinchukin Bank, agricultural cooperative, federation of agricultural cooperatives, fisheries cooperative, federation of fisheries cooperatives, fishery processing cooperative and federation of fishery processing cooperatives, credit cooperative and Federation of Credit Cooperatives (meaning a Federation of Credit Cooperatives that conducts business set forth in Article 9-9(1)(i) of the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act (Act No. 181 of 1949); the same shall apply in the following Article), Shinkin Bank and federation of Shinkin Banks, labor bank and federation of labor banks, and Mutual Company (meaning a Mutual Company as defined by Article 2(5) of the Insurance Business Act; the same shall apply in the following Article) for the Business Year ending before this Act comes in force.

• 第一条中地方自治法第二百五十条の次に五条、節名並びに二款及び款名を加える改正規定（同法第二百五十条の九第一項に係る部分（両議院の同意を得ることに係る部分に限る。）に限る。）、第四十条中自然公園法附則第九項及び第十項の改正規定（同法附則第十項に係る部分に限る。）、第二百四十四条の規定（農業改良助長法第十四条の三の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに第四百七十二条の規定（市町村の合併の特例に関する法律第六条、第八条及び第十七条の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに附則第七条、第十条、第十二条、第五十九条ただし書、第六十条第四項及び第五項、第七十三条、第七十七条、第百五十七条第四項から第六項まで、第百六十条、第百六十三条、第百六十四条並びに第二百二条の規定公布の日
• Revision provision, in Article 1, adding five articles, section name, and two subsections and their names next to Article 250 of Local Autonomy Act (the portion pertaining to Paragraph 1 of Article 250-9 of the Local Autonomy Act [limited to the portion pertaining to the provision regarding agreement of both Houses]), Revision provision, in Article 40, of Paragraph 9 and Paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Law (limited to the portion pertaining to Paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Law), the provisions in Article 244 (except the portion pertaining to the revision provisions in Article 14-3 regarding Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act), and the provisions in Article 472 (except the portions pertaining to the revision provisions in Article 6, Article 8 and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions of Consolidation of Municipalities), and the provisions in Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the provisions in Article 59, Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5 of Article 60, Article 73, Article 77, Paragraph 4 through Paragraph 6 of Article 157, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164 and Article 202: the day of promulgation.

• 第一条中地方自治法第二百五十条の次に五条、節名並びに二款及び款名を加える改正規定（同法第二百五十条の九第一項に係る部分（両議院の同意を得ることに係る部分に限る。）に限る。）、第四十条中自然公園法附則第九項及び第十項の改正規定（同法附則第十項に係る部分に限る。）、第二百四十四条の規定（農業改良助長法第十四条の三の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに第四百七十二条の規定（市町村の合併の特例に関する法律第六条、第八条及び第十七条の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに附則第七条、第十条、第十二条、第五十九条ただし書、第六十条第四項及び第五項、第七十三条、第七十七条、第百五十七条第四項から第六項まで、第百六十条、第百六十三条、第百六十四条並びに第二百二条の規定　公布の日
• The provisions for revision in Article 1 to add five articles, the section title, and two subsections and the titles thereof following Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act (limited, however, to the part concerning Article 250-9, paragraph 1 of the said Act (limited, however, to the part concerning the requirement of consent of both Houses)), the provisions in Article 40 to revise paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited, however, to the part concerning paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the said Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provision to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act), and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Merger of Municipalities), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, proviso of Article 59, Article 60, paragraph 4 and paragraph 5, Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraphs 4 to 6, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the date of promulgation.
• From Article 1, the provisions adding five Articles, a Section name, two Subsections and Subsection names after Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act (limited to the portions pertaining to Article 250-9, paragraph (1) of the same Act [limited to the portions pertaining to the obtainment of consent of both houses]); from Article 40, the provisions revising paragraph (9) and paragraph (10) of the Natural Parks Act (limited to the portion pertaining to paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the same Act); the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the portions pertaining to the provisions revising Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement Promotion Act); and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the portions pertaining to the provisions revising Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions on Mergers of Municipalities); and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the proviso to Article 59, Article 60, paragraph (4) and paragraph (5), Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraphs (4) to (6), Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202-　The day of promulgation
• The amended provisions whereby five Articles, Section headings, two Subsections and Subsection headings are added after Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act in Article 1 (limited to the part pertaining to Article 250-9 paragraph 1 of said Act (limited to the part pertaining to obtaining the consent of both Houses of the Diet)), the amended provisions of paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Natural Parks Act Supplementary Provisions in Article 40 (limited to the part pertaining to paragraph 10 of said Supplementary Provisions), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the part pertaining to the amended provisions of Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement Promotion Act), the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the part pertaining to the amended provisions of Article 6, Article 8 and Article 17 of the Municipal Merger Act),and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the proviso to Article 59, Article 60 paragraph 4 and paragraph 5, Article 73, Article 77, Article 157 paragraph 4 through paragraph 6, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164 and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　The date of promulgation
• The amended provisions whereby five Articles, Section headings, two Subsections and Subsection headings are added after Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act in Article 1 (limited to the part pertaining to Article 250-9 paragraph 1 of said Act (limited to the part pertaining to obtaining the consent of both Houses of the Diet)), the amended provisions of paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Natural Parks Act Supplementary Provisions in Article 40 (limited to the part pertaining to paragraph 10 of said Supplementary Provisions), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the part pertaining to the amended provisions of Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement Promotion Act), the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the part pertaining to the amended provisions of Article 6, Article 8 and Article 17 of the Municipal Merger Act), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the proviso to Article 59, Article 60 paragraph 4 and paragraph 5, Article 73, Article 77, Article 157 paragraph 4 through paragraph 6, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164 and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　The date of promulgation
• The revised provision adding 5 Articles, the Section title, two Subsections and the Subsection titles after Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act in Article 1 (limited to the portion pertaining to paragraph (1) of Article 250-9 of the same Act (limited to the portion pertaining to obtaining the consent of both the Lower and Upper Houses)), the revised provisions of paragraphs (9) and (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act in Article 40 (limited to the portion pertaining to paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the same Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the portion pertaining to the revised provisions of Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement Promotion Act), and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the portion pertaining to the revised provisions of Articles 6, 8 and 17 of Act on Special Provisions Concerning Merger of Municipalities), and the provisions of Articles 7, 10 and 12, the proviso of Article 59, Article 60, paragraphs (4) and (5), Articles 73 and 77, Article 157, paragraphs (4) through (6), Articles 160, 163, 164 and 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the day of promulgation
• Amended provisions whereby five articles, section headings, two subsections and subsection headings are added after Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act in Article 1 (limited to the part pertaining to paragraph 1 of Article 250-9 of said Act (limited to the part pertaining to obtaining the consent of both Houses of the Diet)), the amended provisions of paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Natural Parks Act Supplementary Provisions in Article 40 (limited to the part pertaining to paragraph 10 of said Supplementary Provisions), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the part pertaining to the amended provisions of Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement Promotion Act), the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the part pertaining to the amended provisions of Article 6, Article 8 and Article 17 of the Municipal Merger Act), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the proviso to Article 59, paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 of Article 60, Article 73, Article 77, paragraph 4 through to paragraph 6 of Article 157, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164 and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　The date of promulgation
• The revised provision adding five articles, section headings, two subsections and subsection headings following Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act (limited to the portion pertaining to Article 250-9, paragraph (1) of the same Act (limited to the portion pertaining to obtaining the consent of both Houses of the Diet)) in Article 1; the revised provisions of paragraphs (9) and (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited to the portion pertaining to paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the same Act) in Article 40; the provision of Article 244 (excluding the portion pertaining to the revised provision of Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement Promotion Act); the provision of Article 472 (excluding the portion pertaining to the revised provisions of Article 6, Article 8 and Article 17 of the Municipal Merger Act); and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the proviso to Article 59, Article 60, paragraphs (4) and (5), Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraphs (4) to (6) inclusive, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164 and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the day of promulgation.

• 第一条中地方自治法第二百五十条の次に五条、節名並びに二款及び款名を加える改正規 定（同法第二百五十条の九第一項に係る部分（両議院の同意を得ることに係る部分に限る。）に限る。）、第四十条中自然公園法附則第九項及び第十項の改正規 定（同法附則第十項に係る部分に限る。）、第二百四十四条の規定（農業改良助長法第十四条の三の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに第四百七十二条の規定 （市町村の合併の特例に関する法律第六条、第八条及び第十七条の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに附則第七条、第十条、第十二条、第五十九条ただし書、 第六十条第四項及び第五項、第七十三条、第七十七条、第百五十七条第四項から第六項まで、第百六十条、第百六十三条、第百六十四条並びに第二百二条の規定 　公布の日
• The revised provisions of Article 1 of the Local Autonomy Act whereby five Articles, a section title, and two subsections and subsection titles are added after Article 250 of the same Act (limited to the portions pertaining to paragraph (1) of Article 250-9 of the same Act (limited to the portion pertaining to obtaining consent from both the Lower and Upper Houses)), the revised provisions of paragraphs (9) and (10) of Article 40 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Park Act (limited to the portions pertaining to paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the same Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the portions pertaining to the revised provisions of Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Extension Promotion Act), and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the portions pertaining the revised provisions of Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Measures for the Mergers of Municipalities), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, and Article 12, the proviso to Article 59, paragraphs (4) and (5) of Article 60, Article 73, Article 77, paragraphs (4) through (6) of Article 157, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　The day of promulgation
• the provisions for revision in Article 1 to add five Articles, the Section heading, and two Subsections and the Subsection headings after Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act (limited to the portion pertaining to Article 250-9, paragraph (1) of said Act (limited to the portion pertaining to obtaining the consent of both Houses)); the provisions in Article 40 to revise paragraph (9) and paragraph (10) of the Natural Parks Act Supplementary Provisions (limited to the portion pertaining to paragraph (10) of the said Supplementary Provisions); Article 244 (except for the portion pertaining to the provision to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act); and Article 472 (except for the portion pertaining to the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8 and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Merger of Municipalities); and Article 7, Article 10 and Article 12; proviso to Article 59; Article 60, paragraph (4) and paragraph (5); Article 73 and Article 77; Article 157, paragraph (4) to paragraph (6); Article 160, Article 163, Article 164 and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the day of promulgation.
• The provisions for revision in Article 1 to add five articles, the section title, and two subsections and the titles thereof following Article 250 of the Local Government Act (limited, however, to the part concerning Article 250-9, paragraph 1 of the said Act (limited, however, to the part concerning the requirement of consent of both Houses)), the provisions in Article 40 to revise paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited, however, to the part concerning paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the said Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provision to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act), and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Merger of Municipalities), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, proviso of Article 59, Article 60, paragraph 4 and paragraph 5, Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraphs 4 to 6, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the date of promulgation.
• The provisions for revision in Article 1 to add five articles, the section title, and two subsections and the titles thereof following Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act (limited, however, to the part concerning Article 250-9, paragraph 1 of the said Act (limited, however, to the part concerning the requirement of consent of both Houses)), the provisions in Article 40 to revise paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited, however, to the part concerning paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the said Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provision to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act), and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Merger of Municipalities), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, proviso of Article 59, Article 60, paragraph 4 and paragraph 5, Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraphs 4 to 6, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the date of promulgation.
• The provisions in Article 1 to revise the Local Autonomy Act (limited, however, to the part concerning Article 250-9, paragraph (1) of said Act (limited, however, to the part concerning the requirement of consent of both Houses)) by adding five Articles, a Section title, and two Subsections and their titles following Article 250; the provisions of Article 40 to revise paragraph (9) and paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited, however, to the part concerning paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of said Act); the provisions of Article 244 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act); the provisions of Article 472 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Mergers of Municipalities); and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the proviso in Article 59, Article 60, paragraph (4) and paragraph (5), Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraph (4) through paragraph (6), Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the date of the promulgation of this Act;

• 動物（哺乳類、鳥類又は爬虫類に属するものに限り、畜産農業に係るもの及び試験研究用又は生物学的製剤の製造の用その他政令で定める用途に供するために飼養し、又は保管しているものを除く。以下この節及び次節において同じ。）の取扱業（動物の販売（その取次ぎ又は代理を含む。次項において同じ。）、保管、貸出し、訓練、展示（動物との触れ合いの機会の提供を含む。次項において同じ。）その他政令で定める取扱いを業として行うことをいう。以下「動物取扱業」という。）を営もうとする者は、当該業を営もうとする事業所の所在地を管轄する都道府県知事（地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市（以下「指定都市」という。）にあつては、その長とする。以下この節、第二十五条第一項及び第二項並びに第四節において同じ。）の登録を受けなければならない。
• A person who intends to engage in a business that handles animals (such animals shall be limited to mammals, birds, and reptiles, and shall exclude those pertaining to livestock farming and those being cared for or kept in order to be provided for use in testing and research, use in manufacturing biological preparations, or for other uses specified by a Cabinet Order; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Section and the following Section) (such business shall include selling [including acting as an intermediary or agent therefor; the same shall apply in the following paragraph], keeping, lending, training, exhibiting [including the provision of opportunities for contact with animals; the same shall apply in the following paragraph] or other handling specified by a Cabinet Order with regard to animals; hereinafter referred to as the 'animal handling business') shall receive registration from the prefectural governor having jurisdiction over the location of the place of business where the person intends to engage in said business (in the case of a designated city set forth in Article 252-19(1) of the Local Autonomy Act [Act No. 67 of 1947] [hereinafter referred to as the 'designated city'], the mayor of said designated city; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Section, Article 25(1) and (2) and Section 4).

• 審議会は、前二項に規定するもののほか、土地改良法（昭和二十四年法律第百九十五号）、家畜改良増殖法（昭和二十五年法律第二百九号）、家畜伝染病予防法（昭和二十六年法律第百六十六号）、飼料需給安定法（昭和二十七年法律第三百五十六号）、酪農及び肉用牛生産の振興に関する法律（昭和二十九年法律第百八十二号）、果樹農業振興特別措置法（昭和三十六年法律第十五号）、畜産物の価格安定に関する法律（昭和三十六年法律第百八十三号）、砂糖の価格調整に関する法律（昭和四十年法律第百九号）、加工原料乳生産者補給金等暫定措置法（昭和四十年法律第百十二号）、農業振興地域の整備に関する法律（昭和四十四年法律第五十八号）、卸売市場法（昭和四十六年法律第三十五号）、肉用子牛生産安定等特別措置法（昭和六十三年法律第九十八号）、食品流通構造改善促進法（平成三年法律第五十九号）、主要食糧の需給及び価格の安定に関する法律（平成六年法律第百十三号）及び食品循環資源の再生利用等の促進に関する法律（平成十二年法律第百十六号）の規定によりその権限に属させられた事項を処理する。
• In addition to the matters provided for in the preceding two paragraphs, The Council shall deal with the tasks authorized under the following acts: Land Improvement Act (Act No.195 of 1949), Act for Improvement and Increased Production of Livestock (Act No.209 of 1950), Animal Infectious Diseases Control Act (Act No.160 of 1951), Feed Supply-and-Demand Stabilization Act (Act No.356 of 1952), Act Concerning Dairy and Beef Cattle Production Promotion (Act No.182 of 1954), Fruit-growing Industry Promotion Special Measures Act (Act No.15 of 1961), Act Concerning the Stabilization of Livestock Products (Act No.183 of 1961), Sugar Price Adjustment Act (Act No.109 of 1965), Temporary Act for Compensation Price for Producers of Milk for Manufacturing Use (Act No.112 of 1965), Act Concerning Establishment of Agricultural Promotion Areas(Act No.58 of 1969), Wholesale Market Act (Act No.35 of 1971), Special Measures Act for Beef Calf Production Stabilization (Act No.98 of 1988), Act Concerning of the Food Marketing Structure (Act No.59 of 1991), Act for Stabilization of Supply, Demand and Prices of Staple Food(Act No.113 of 1994), Food Recycling Act (Act No.116 of 2000)

• 第一条中証券取引法第二条第八項、第二十七条の二第四項、第二十七条の二十八第三項及び第三十二条第三項の改正規定、同条第五項の改正規定（「、銀行」の下に「、協同組織金融機関」を加える部分に限る。）、同条第六項、同法第五十四条第一項第四号及び同法第六十五条第一項の改正規定、同条第二項の改正規定（同項第一号の改正規定を除く。）並びに同法第六十五条の二第一項、同条第三項、同条第九項、第六十五条の三、第百六十六条第五項及び第二百一条第二項の改正規定、第二条中外国証券業者に関する法律第二条第一号の改正規定、同法第十四条第一項の改正規定（「のうち銀行」の下に「、協同組織金融機関」を加える部分に限る。）、同法第二十二条第一項第四号の改正規定（「銀行」の下に「、協同組織金融機関」を加える部分に限る。）及び同項第五号の改正規定、第六条中商工組合中央金庫法第二十八条第一項第七号及び第十九号の改正規定、同条第六項を削る改正規定並びに同条第三項の次に一項を加える改正規定、第七条中農業協同組合法第十条第六項第三号の次に一号を加える改正規定、同項第六号の二、同項第十五号及び同条第十二項の改正規定、同条第十三項及び第十六項を削る改正規定並びに同条第九項の次に二項を加える改正規定、第八条中水産業協同組合法第十一条第三項第三号の次に一号を加える改正規定、同項第六号の改正規定、同法第八十七条第四項第三号の次に一号を加える改正規定、同法第九十三条第二項第三号の次に一号を加える改正規定及び同法第九十七条第三項第三号の次に一号を加える改正規定、第九条中中小企業等協同組合法第九条の八第二項第七号の改正規定、第十条中信用金庫法第五十三条第三項第二号及び第五十四条第四項第二号の改正規定、第十一条中労働金庫法第五十八条第二項第八号及び第五十八条の二第一項第六号の改正規定、第十二条中農林中央金庫法第五十四条第四項第二号の改正規定、第十三条の規定、附則第十六条中租税特別措置法（昭和三十二年法律第二十六号）第三十七条の十一第一項第一号、第三十七条の十四の二第一項第一号及び第四十一条の十四第三項第二号の改正規定並びに附則第十七条中所得税法（昭和四十年法律第三十三号）第二百二十四条の三第一項第二号の改正規定　公布の日から起算して一月を経過した日
• From Article 1, the provisions revising Article 2, paragraph (8), Article 27-2, paragraph (4), Article 27-28, paragraph (3) and Article 32, paragraph (3) of the Securities and Exchange Act, the provisions revising paragraph (5) of the same Article (limited to the portion adding ', a bank' after ', a cooperative structured financial institution'), the provisions revising paragraph (6) of the same Article, Article 54, paragraph (1), item (iv) of the same Act, and Article 45, paragraph (1) of the same Act, the provisions revising paragraph (2) of the same Article (excluding the provisions revising item (i) of the same paragraph), and the provisions revising Article 65-2, paragraph (1) of the same Act, paragraph (3) of the same Article, paragraph (9) of the same Article, Article 65-3, Article 166, paragraph (5), and Article 201, paragraph (2); from Article 2, the provisions revising Article 2, item (i) of the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the provisions revising Article 14, paragraph (1) of the same Act (limited to the portion adding ', a cooperative structured financial institution' after 'a bank,'), the provisions revising Article 22, paragraph (1), item (iv) of the same Act (limited to the portion adding ', a cooperative structured financial institution' after 'a bank,'), and the provisions revising item (v) of the same paragraph; from Article 6, the provisions revising Article 28, paragraph (1), item (vii) and item (xix) of the Shoko Chukin Bank Act, the provisions deleting paragraph (6) of the same Article, and the provisions adding an additional paragraph after paragraph (3) of the same Article; from Article 7, the provisions adding an additional item after Article 10, paragraph (6), item (iii) of the Agricultural Cooperative Act, the provisions revising item (vi)-2 of the same paragraph, item (xv) of the same paragraph, and paragraph (12) of the same Article, the provisions deleting paragraph (13) and paragraph (16) of the same Article, and the provisions adding two paragraphs after paragraph (9) of the same Article; from Article 8, the provisions adding an additional item after Article 11, paragraph (3), item (iii) of the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the provisions revising item (vi) of the same paragraph, the provisions adding an additional item after Article 87, paragraph (4), item (iii) of the same Act, the provisions adding an additional item after Article 93, paragraph (2), item (iii) of the same Act, and the provisions adding an additional item after Article 97, paragraph (3), item (iii); from Article 9, the provisions revising Article 9-8, paragraph (2), item (vii) of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act; from Article 10, the provisions revising Article 53, paragraph (3), item (ii) and Article 54, paragraph (4), item (ii) of the Shinkin Bank Act; from Article 11, the provisions revising Article 58, paragraph (2), item (viii) and Article 58-2, paragraph (1), item (vi) of the Labor Bank Act; from Article 12, the provisions revising Article 54, paragraph (4), item (ii) of the Norinchukin Bank Act; the provisions of Article 13; from Article 16 of the Supplementary Provisions, Article 37-11, paragraph (1), item (i), Article 37-14-2, paragraph (1), item (i), and Article 41-14, paragraph (3), item (ii) of the Special Tax Measures Act (Act No. 26 of 1957); and from Article 17 of the Supplementary Provisions, the provisions revising Article 224-3, paragraph (1), item (ii) of the Income Tax Act (Act No. 33 of 1965)-　The day on which one month has elapsed from the day of promulgation

• この法律は、公布の日から起算して六月を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。ただし、第一条中商法第二百八十五条ノ四、第二百八十五条ノ五第二項、第二百八十五条ノ六第二項及び第三項、第二百九十条第一項並びに第二百九十三条ノ五第三項の改正規定並びに附則第六条中農林中央金庫法（大正十二年法律第四十二号）第二十三条第三項及び第二十四条第一項の改正規定、附則第七条中商工組合中央金庫法（昭和十一年法律第十四号）第三十九条ノ三第三項及び第四十条ノ二第一項の改正規定、附則第九条中農業協同組合法（昭和二十二年法律第百三十二号）第五十二条第一項の改正規定、附則第十条中証券取引法（昭和二十三年法律第二十五号）第五十三条第三項の改正規定及び同条第四項を削る改正規定、附則第十一条中水産業協同組合法（昭和二十三年法律第二百四十二号）第五十六条第一項の改正規定、附則第十二条中協同組合による金融事業に関する法律（昭和二十四年法律第百八十三号）第五条の五の次に一条を加える改正規定及び同法第十二条第一項の改正規定、附則第十三条中船主相互保険組合法（昭和二十五年法律第百七十七号）第四十二条第一項の改正規定、附則第十六条中信用金庫法（昭和二十六年法律第二百三十八号）第五十五条の三第三項及び第五十七条第一項の改正規定、附則第十八条中労働金庫法（昭和二十八年法律第二百二十七号）第六十一条第一項の改正規定、附則第二十三条中銀行法（昭和五十六年法律第五十九号）第十七条の二第三項の改正規定及び同条第四項を削る改正規定、附則第二十六条の規定、附則第二十七条中保険業法（平成七年法律第百五号）第十五条に一項を加える改正規定、同法第五十五条第一項及び第二項、第百十二条第一項並びに第百十二条の二第三項の改正規定、同条第四項を削る改正規定、同法第百十五条第二項、第百十八条第一項、第百十九条及び第百九十九条の改正規定並びに同法附則第五十九条第二項及び附則第九十条第二項を削る改正規定、附則第二十九条中株式の消却の手続に関する商法の特例に関する法律（平成九年法律第五十五号）第七条第二項の改正規定並びに附則第三十一条中特定目的会社による特定資産の流動化に関する法律（平成十年法律第百五号）第百一条第一項及び第百二条第三項の改正規定は、平成十二年四月一日から施行する。
• This Act shall come into effect as of the date specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding six months from the day of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions in Article 1 which are to revise Articles 285-4, Article 285-5, paragraph (2), Article 285-6, paragraphs (2) and (3), Article 290, paragraph (1) and Article 293-5, paragraph (3) of the Commercial Code, and the provisions in Article 6 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Articles 23, paragraph (3) and Article 24, paragraph (1) of the Norinchukin Bank Act (Act No. 42 of 1923), the provisions in Article 7 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Articles 39-3, paragraph (3) and Article 40-2, paragraph (1) of the Shoko Chukin Bank Act (Act No. 14 of 1936), the provisions in Article 9 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 52, paragraph (1) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act (Act No. 132 of 1947), the provisions in Article 10 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Article 53, paragraph (3) of the Securities and Exchange Act (Act No. 25 of 1948) and to delete Article 53, paragraph (4) of that Act, the provisions in Article 11 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 56, paragraph (1) of the Fisheries Cooperatives Act (Act No. 242 of 1948), the provisions in Article 12 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to add a new Article after Article 5-5 of the Act on Financial Services by Cooperatives (Act No. 183 of 1949) and to revise Article 12, paragraph (1) of that Act, the provisions in Article 13 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 42, paragraph (1) of the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act (Act No. 177 of 1950), the provisions in Article 16 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Articles 55-3, paragraph (3) and Article 57, paragraph (1) of the Shinkin Bank Act (Act No. 238 of 1951), the provisions in Article 18 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 61, paragraph (1) of the Labor Bank Act (Act No. 227 of 1953), the provisions in Article 23 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Article 17-2, paragraph (3) of the Banking Act (Act No. 59 of 1981) and to delete Article 17-2, paragraph (4) of that Act, the provisions of Article 26 of these Supplementary Provisions, the provisions in Article 27 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to add a new paragraph to Article 15 of the Insurance Services Act (Act No. 105 of 1995), to revise Articles 55, paragraphs (1) and (2), Article 112, paragraph (1) and Article 112-2, paragraph (3) of that Act, to delete Article 112-2, paragraph (4) of that Act, to revise Articles 115, paragraph (2), Article 118, paragraph (1), Article 119 and Article 199 of that Act, and to delete Article 59, paragraph (2) and Article 90, paragraph (2) of the Supplementary Provisions to that Act, the provisions in Article 29 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 7, paragraph (2) of the Act on Special Measures under the Commercial Code Concerning Procedures for Canceling Shares (Act No. 55 of 1997) and the provisions in Article 31 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Article 101, paragraph (1) and Article 102, paragraph (3) of the Act on Securitization of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies (Act No. 105 of 1998), shall come into effect as of April 1, 2000.

• この法律は、公布の日から起算して六月を超えない範囲内において政令で定 める日から施行する。ただし、第一条中商法第二百八十五条ノ四、第二百八十五条ノ五第二項、第二百八十五条ノ六第二項及び第三項、第二百九十条第一項並び に第二百九十三条ノ五第三項の改正規定並びに附則第六条中農林中央金庫法（大正十二年法律第四十二号）第二十三条第三項及び第二十四条第一項の改正規定、 附則第七条中商工組合中央金庫法（昭和十一年法律第十四号）第三十九条ノ三第三項及び第四十条ノ二第一項の改正規定、附則第九条中農業協同組合法（昭和二 十二年法律第百三十二号）第五十二条第一項の改正規定、附則第十条中証券取引法（昭和二十三年法律第二十五号）第五十三条第三項の改正規定及び同条第四項 を削る改正規定、附則第十一条中水産業協同組合法（昭和二十三年法律第二百四十二号）第五十六条第一項の改正規定、附則第十二条中協同組合による金融事業 に関する法律（昭和二十四年法律第百八十三号）第五条の五の次に一条を加える改正規定及び同法第十二条第一項の改正規定、附則第十三条中船主相互保険組合 法（昭和二十五年法律第百七十七号）第四十二条第一項の改正規定、附則第十六条中信用金庫法（昭和二十六年法律第二百三十八号）第五十五条の三第三項及び 第五十七条第一項の改正規定、附則第十八条中労働金庫法（昭和二十八年法律第二百二十七号）第六十一条第一項の改正規定、附則第二十三条中銀行法（昭和五 十六年法律第五十九号）第十七条の二第三項の改正規定及び同条第四項を削る改正規定、附則第二十六条の規定、附則第二十七条中保険業法（平成七年法律第百 五号）第十五条に一項を加える改正規定、同法第五十五条第一項及び第二項、第百十二条第一項並びに第百十二条の二第三項の改正規定、同条第四項を削る改正 規定、同法第百十五条第二項、第百十八条第一項、第百十九条及び第百九十九条の改正規定並びに同法附則第五十九条第二項及び附則第九十条第二項を削る改正 規定、附則第二十九条中株式の消却の手続に関する商法の特例に関する法律（平成九年法律第五十五号）第七条第二項の改正規定並びに附則第三十一条中特定目 的会社による特定資産の流動化に関する法律（平成十年法律第百五号）第百一条第一項及び第百二条第三項の改正規定は、平成十二年四月一日から施行する。
• This Act shall come into effect as from the date specified by a Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding six months from the day of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions in Article 1 which are to revise Articles 285-4, 285-5(2), 285-6(2) and (3), 290(1) and 293-5(3) of the Commercial Code, and the provisions in Article 6 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Articles 23(3) and 24(1) of the Norinchukin Bank Act (Act No. 42 of 1923), the provisions in Article 7 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Articles 39-3(3) and 40-2(1) of the Shoko Chukin Bank Act (Act No. 14 of 1936), the provision in Article 9 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 52(1) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act (Act No. 132 of 1947), the provisions in Article 10 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Article 53(3) of the Securities and Exchange Act (Act No. 25 of 1948) and to delete Article 53(4) of that Act, the provision in Article 11 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 56(1) of the Fisheries Cooperatives Act (Act No. 242 of 1948), the provisions in Article 12 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to add a new Article after Article 5-5 of the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative (Act No. 183 of 1949) and to revise Article 12(1) of that Act, the provision in Article 13 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 42(1) of the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act (Act No. 177 of 1950), the provisions in Article 16 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Articles 55-3(3) and 57(1) of the Shinkin Bank Act (Act No. 238 of 1951), the provision in Article 18 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 61(1) of the Labor Bank Act (Act No. 227 of 1953), the provisions in Article 23 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Article 17-2(3) of the Banking Act (Act No. 59 of 1981) and to delete Article 17-2(4) of that Act, the provisions of Article 26 of these Supplementary Provisions, the provisions in Article 27 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to add a new paragraph to Article 15 of the Insurance Business Act (Act No. 105 of 1995), to revise Articles 55(1) and (2), 112(1) and 112-2(3) of that Act, to delete Article 112-2(4), to revise Articles 115(2), 118(1), 119 and 199 of that Act, and to delete Articles 59(2) and 90(2) of the Supplementary Provisions to that Act, the provision in Article 29 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 7(2) of the Act on Special Measures under the Commercial Code Concerning Procedures for Canceling Shares (Act No. 55 of 1997) and the provisions in Article 31 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Articles 101(1) and 102(3) of the Act on Securitization of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies (Act No. 105 of 1998), shall come into effect as from April 1, 2000.

• この節の規定若しくは農業協同組合法（昭和二十二年法律第百三十二号）第九十二条第五項、公認会計士法第三十四条の二十第六項、水産業協同組合法（昭和二十三年法律第二百四十二号）第百二十一条第五項、中小企業等協同組合法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十一号）第三十三条第七項（輸出水産業の振興に関する法律（昭和二十九年法律第百五十四号）第二十条並びに中小企業団体の組織に関する法律（昭和三十二年法律第百八十五号）第五条の二十三第三項及び第四十七条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）、弁護士法（昭和二十四年法律第二百五号）第三十条の二十八第六項（同法第四十三条第三項において準用する場合を含む。）、船主相互保険組合法（昭和二十五年法律第百七十七号）第五十五条第三項、司法書士法（昭和二十五年法律第百九十七号）第四十五条の二第六項、土地家屋調査士法（昭和二十五年法律第二百二十八号）第四十条の二第六項、商品取引所法（昭和二十五年法律第二百三十九号）第十一条第九項、行政書士法（昭和二十六年法律第四号）第十三条の二十の二第六項、投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律（昭和二十六年法律第百九十八号）第四十八条の二第三項（同法第四十九条の十三第二項及び第三項並びに第五十九条において準用する場合を含む。）及び第百八十六条の二第四項、税理士法第四十八条の十九の二第六項（同法第四十九条の十二第三項において準用する場合を含む。）、信用金庫法（昭和二十六年法律第二百三十八号）第八十七条の四第四項、輸出入取引法（昭和二十七年法律第二百九十九号）第十五条第六項（同法第十九条の六において準用する場合を含む。）、中小漁業融資保証法（昭和二十七年法律第三百四十六号）第五十五条第五項、労働金庫法（昭和二十八年法律第二百二十七号）第九十一条の四第四項、鉱工業技術研究組合法（昭和三十六年法律第八十一号）第九条第七項、農業信用保証保険法（昭和三十六年法律第二百四号）第四十八条の三第五項（同法第四十八条の九第七項において準用する場合を含む。）、社会保険労務士法（昭和四十三年法律第八十九号）第二十五条の二十三の二第六項、外国証券業者に関する法律（昭和四十六年法律第五号）第二十三条第六項、森林組合法（昭和五十三年法律第三十六号）第八条の二第五項、銀行法第四十九条の二第二項、金融先物取引法（昭和六十三年法律第七十七号）第八十四条第七項、保険業法（平成七年法律第百五号）第六十七条の二及び第二百十七条第三項、資産の流動化に関する法律（平成十年法律第百五号）第百九十四条第四項及び第二百八十八条第三項、弁理士法（平成十二年法律第四十九号）第五十三条の二第六項、農林中央金庫法（平成十三年法律第九十三号）第九十六条の二第四項並びに信託業法第五十七条第六項（以下この節において「電子公告関係規定」と総称する。）において準用する第九百五十五条第一項の規定又はこの節の規定に基づく命令に違反し、罰金以上の刑に処せられ、その執行を終わり、又は執行を受けることがなくなった日から二年を経過しない者
• a person who has been sentenced to a fine or a severer punishment for the violation of the provisions of this Section or the provisions of Article 955(1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 92(5) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act (Act No. 132 of 1947), Article 34-20(6) of the Certified Public Accountants Act, Article 121(5) of the Fisheries Cooperatives Act (Act No. 242 of 1948), Article 33(7) of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act (Act No. 181 of 1949) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 of the Export Fisheries Promotion Act (Act No. 154 of 1954) and Article 5-23(3) and Article 47(2) of the Act on Organizations of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (Act No. 185 of 1957)), Article30-28(6) of the Attorneys Act (Act No. 205 of 1949) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 43(3) of that Act), Article 55(3) of the Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Union Act (Act No. 177 of 1950), Article 45-2(6) of the Judicial Scrivener Act (Act No. 197 of 1950), Article 40-2(6) of the Land and House Investigator Act (Act No. 228 of 1950), Article 11(9) of the Commodity Exchange Act (Act No. 239 of 1950), Article 13-20-2(6) of the Administrative Scrivener Act (Act No. 4 of 1951), Article 48-2(3) of the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations (Act No. 198 of 1951) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 49-13(2) and (3) and Article 59 of that Act) and Article 186-2(4) of that Act, Article 48-19-2(6) of the Certified Public Tax Accountant Act (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 49-12(3) of that Act), Article 87-4(4) of the Shinkin Bank Act (Act No. 238 of 1951), Article 15(6) of the Export and Import Transaction Act (Act No. 299 of 1952) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 19-6 of that Act), Article 55(5) of the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium Sized Fishery Industry (Act No. 346 of 1952), Article 91-4(4) of the Labor Bank Act (Act No. 227 of 1953), Article 9(7) of the Act on Research and Development Partnership concerning Mining and Manufacturing Technology (Act No. 81 of 1961), Article 48-3(5) of the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act (Act No. 204 of 1961) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 48-9(7) of that Act), Article 25-23-2(6) of the Act on Public Consultants on Social and Labor Insurance (Act No. 89 of 1968), Article 23(6) of the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers (Act No. 5 of 1971), Article 8-2(5) of the Forestry Partnership Act (Act No. 36 of 1978), Article 49-2(2) of the Banking Act, Article 84(7) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (Act No. 77 of 1988), Article 67-2 and Article 217(3) of the Insurance Business Act (Act No. 105 of 1995), Article 194(4) and Article 288(3) of the Act on Securitization of Assets (Act No. 105 of 1998), Article 53-2(6) of the Patent Attorney Act (Act No. 49 of 2000), Article 96-2(4) of the Norinchukin Bank Act (Act No. 93 of 2001) and Article 57(6) of the Trust Business Act (hereinafter collectively referred to as the 'Electronic Public Notice Related Provisions' in this Section) or the violation of an order based on the provisions this Section and where two years have yet to elapse from the day on which the execution of the sentence has been completed or the sentence has become no longer applicable;

• 第一条の規定、第八条中農業協同組合法第三十条の四第二項第二号の改正規定（「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項、第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号」を「第百九十七条、第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号、第百九十八条第八号」に改める部分に限る。）、第九条中水産業協同組合法第三十四条の四第二項第二号の改正規定（「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項、第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号」を「第百九十七条、第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号、第百九十八条第八号」に改める部分に限る。）、第十一条中協同組合による金融事業に関する法律第五条の四第四号の改正規定（「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項」を「第百九十七条」に、「第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）」を「第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）、第百九十八条第八号（裁判所の禁止又は停止命令違反の罪）」に改める部分に限る。）、第十三条中信用金庫法第三十四条第四号の改正規定（「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項」を「第百九十七条」に、「第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）」を「第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）、第百九十八条第八号（裁判所の禁止又は停止命令違反の罪）」に改める部分に限る。）、第十五条中労働金庫法第三十四条第四号の改正規定（「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項」を「第百九十七条」に、「第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）」を「第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）、第百九十八条第八号（裁判所の禁止又は停止命令違反の罪）」に改める部分に限る。）、第十八条中保険業法第五十三条の二第一項第三号の改正規定（「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項」を「第百九十七条」に、「第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）」を「第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）、第百九十八条第八号（裁判所の禁止又は停止命令違反の罪）」に改める部分に限る。）、第十九条中農林中央金庫法第二十四条の四第四号の改正規定（「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項、第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号」を「第百九十七条、第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号、第百九十八条第八号」に改める部分に限る。）並びに附則第二条、第四条、第百八十二条第一項、第百八十四条第一項、第百八十七条第一項、第百九十条第一項、第百九十三条第一項、第百九十六条第一項及び第百九十八条第一項の規定　公布の日から起算して二十日を経過した日
• The provisions of Article 1, the provisions revising Article 30-4, paragraph (2), item (ii) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act in Article 8 (limited to the portion revising 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2), Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix)' to 'Article 197, Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii), Article 198, item (viii)'), the provisions revising Article 34-4, paragraph (2), item (ii) of the Fisheries Cooperative Association Act in Article 9 (limited to the portion revising 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2), Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix)' to 'Article 197, Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii), Article 198, item (viii)'), the provisions revising Article 5-4, item (iv) of the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative in Article 11 (limited to the portions revising 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2)' to 'Article 197,' and 'Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities)' to 'Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities), Article 198, item (viii) (Offense of Violation of Prohibition or Suspension Order by a Court)'), the provisions revising Article 34, item (iv) of the Shinkin Bank Act in Article 13 (limited to the portions revising 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2)' to 'Article 197' and 'Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities)' to 'Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities), Article 198, item (viii) (Offense of Violation of Prohibition or Suspension Order by a Court)'), the provisions revising Article 34, item (iv) of the Labor Bank Act in Article 15 (limited to the portions revising 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2)' to 'Article 197' and 'Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities)' to 'Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities), Article 198, item (viii) (Offense of Violation of Prohibition or Suspension Order by a Court)'), the provisions revising Article 53-2, paragraph (1), item (iii) of the Insurance Business Act in Article 18 (limited to the portions revising 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2)' to 'Article 197' and 'Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities)' to 'Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities), Article 198, item (viii) (Offense of Violation of Prohibition or Suspension Order by a Court)'), the provisions revising Article 24-4, item (iv) of the Norinchukin Bank Act in Article 19 (limited to the portions revising 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2), Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix)' to 'Article 197, Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii), Article 198, item (viii)'), and the provisions of Article 2, Article 4, Article 182, paragraph (1), Article 184, paragraph (1), Article 187, paragraph (1), Article 190, paragraph (1), Article 193, paragraph (1), Article 196, paragraph (1) and Article 198, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions :　The day on which 20 days have elapsed from the day of promulgation
• The provisions of Article 1, the provisions in Article 8 which is to revise Article 30-4, paragraph (2), item (ii) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197, paragraph (2), Article 198, items (i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix)' into 'Article 197, Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) or Article 198, item (viii)'), the provisions in Article 9 which is to revise Article 34-4, paragraph (2), item (ii) of the Fisheries Cooperatives Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197, paragraph (2), Article 198, items (i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix)' into 'Article 197, 197-2, items (i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) or Article 198, item (viii)'), the provisions in Article 11 which is to revise Article 5-4, item (iv) of the Act on Financial Services by Cooperatives (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197, paragraph (2)' into 'Article 197' and the part revising 'Article 198, items (i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix) (The Crime of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.)' into '197-2, items (i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) (The Crime of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.), Article 198, item (viii) (The Crime of Breaching a Prohibition Order or Order for Suspension Issued by the Court)'), the provisions in Article 13 which is to revise Article 34, item (iv) of the Shinkin Bank Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197, paragraph (2)' into 'Article 197' and the part revising 'Article 198, items (i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix) (The Crime of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.)' into '197-2, items (i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) (The Crime of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.), Article 198, item (viii) (The Crime of Breaching a Prohibition Order or Order for Suspension Issued by the Court)'), the provisions in Article 15 which is to revise Article 34, item (iv) of the Labor Bank Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197, paragraph (2)' into 'Article 197' and the part revising 'Article 198, items (i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix) (The Crime of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.)' into '197-2, items (i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) (The Crime of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.), Article 198, item (viii) (The Crime of Breaching a Prohibition Order or Order for Suspension Issued by the Court)'), the provisions in Article 18 which is to revise Article 53-2, paragraph (1), item (iii) of the Insurance Services Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197, paragraph (2)' into 'Article 197' and the part revising 'Article 198, items (i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix) (The Crime of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.)' into '197-2, items (i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) (The Crime of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.), Article 198, item (viii) (The Crime of Breaching a Prohibition Order or Order for Suspension Issued by the Court)'), the provisions in Article 19 which is to revise Article 24-4, item (iv) of the Norinchukin Bank Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197, paragraph (2), Article 198, items (i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix)' into 'Article 197, Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) or Article 198, item (viii)'), and the provisions of Article 2, Article 4, Article 182, paragraph (1), Article 184, paragraph (1), Article 187, paragraph (1), Article 190, paragraph (1), Article 193, paragraph (1), Article 196, paragraph (1) and Article 198, paragraph (1) of these Supplementary Provisions:　The date on which 20 days from the day of promulgation have elapsed
• The provisions of Article 1; from Article 8, the provisions revising Article 30-4, paragraph (2), item (ii) of the Agricultural Cooperative Act (limited to the portion changing 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2), Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix)' to 'Article 197, Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii), Article 198, item (viii)'); from Article 9, the provisions revising Article 34-4, paragraph (2), item (ii) of the Fisheries Cooperatives Act (limited to the portion changing 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2), Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix)' to 'Article 197, Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii), Article 198, item (viii)'); from Article 11, the provisions revising Article 5-4, item (iv) of the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative (limited to the portion changing 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2)' to 'Article 197,' 'Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities)' to 'Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities), Article 198, item (viii) (Offense of Violation of Prohibition or Suspension Order by a Court)'); from Article 13, the provisions revising Article 34, item (iv) of the Shinkin Bank Act (limited to the portion changing 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2)' to 'Article 197,' 'Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities)' to 'Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities), Article 198, item (viii) (Offense of Violation of Prohibition or Suspension Order by a Court)'); from Article 15, the provisions revising Article 34, item (iv) of the Labor Bank Act (limited to the portion changing 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2)' to 'Article 197,' 'Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities)' to 'Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities), Article 198, item (viii) (Offense of Violation of Prohibition or Suspension Order by a Court)'); from Article 18, the provisions revising Article 53-2, paragraph (1), item (iii) of the Insurance Business Act (limited to the portion changing 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2)' to 'Article 197,' 'Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities)' to 'Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii) (Offense of Solicitation Without Notification, etc. of Securities), Article 198, item (viii) (Offense of Violation of Prohibition or Suspension Order by a Court)'); from Article 19, the provisions revising Article 24-4, item (iv) of the Norinchukin Bank Act (limited to the portion changing 'Article 197, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iv) or item (vii) or paragraph (2), Article 198, items (i) to (x), item (xviii) or item (xix)' to 'Article 197, Article 197-2, items (i) to (x) or item (xiii), Article 198, item (viii)'); and the provisions of Article 2, Article 4, Article 182, paragraph (1), Article 184, paragraph (1), Article 187, paragraph (1), Article 190, paragraph (1), Article 193, paragraph (1), Article 196, paragraph (1), and Article 198, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions-　The day on which twenty days have elapsed from the day of promulgation

• 第一条の規定、第八条中農業協同組合法第三十条の四第二項第二号の改正規定（「第百 九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項、第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号」を「第百九十七条、第 百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号、第百九十八条第八号」に改める部分に限る。）、第九条中水産業協同組合法第三十四条の四第二項第二 号の改正規定（「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項、第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号」 を「第百九十七条、第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号、第百九十八条第八号」に改める部分に限る。）、第十一条中協同組合による金融 事業に関する法律第五条の四第四号の改正規定（「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項」を「第百九十七条」に、「第百九 十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）」を「第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号（有価 証券の無届募集等の罪）、第百九十八条第八号（裁判所の禁止又は停止命令違反の罪）」に改める部分に限る。）、第十三条中信用金庫法第三十四条第四号の改 正規定（「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項」を「第百九十七条」に、「第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号 若しくは第十九号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）」を「第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）、第百九十八条 第八号（裁判所の禁止又は停止命令違反の罪）」に改める部分に限る。）、第十五条中労働金庫法第三十四条第四号の改正規定（「第百九十七条第一項第一号か ら第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項」を「第百九十七条」に、「第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号（有価証券の無届募集 等の罪）」を「第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）、第百九十八条第八号（裁判所の禁止又は停止命令違反 の罪）」に改める部分に限る。）、第十八条中保険業法第五十三条の二第一項第三号の改正規定（「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若 しくは第二項」を「第百九十七条」に、「第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）」を「第百九十七条の 二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号（有価証券の無届募集等の罪）、第百九十八条第八号（裁判所の禁止又は停止命令違反の罪）」に改める部分に限 る。）、第十九条中農林中央金庫法第二十四条の四第四号の改正規定（「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項、第百九十八 条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号」を「第百九十七条、第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号、第百九十八条第八号」に 改める部分に限る。）並びに附則第二条、第四条、第百八十二条第一項、第百八十四条第一項、第百八十七条第一項、第百九十条第一項、第百九十三条第一項、 第百九十六条第一項及び第百九十八条第一項の規定　公布の日から起算して二十日を経過した日
• The provisions of Article 1, the provision in Article 8 which is to revise Article 30-4(2)(ii) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197 (1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2). Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix)' into 'Article 197, 197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) or Article 198(viii)'), the provision in Article 9 which is to revise Article 34-4(2)(ii) of the Fisheries Cooperatives Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197(1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2), Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix)' into 'Article 197, 197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) or Article 198(viii)'), the provision in Article 11 which is to revise Article 5-4(4)(iv) of the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197(1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2)' into 'Article 197' and the part revising 'Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.)' into '197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.), Article 198(viii) (Crime of Breach of Prohibition Order or Order for Suspension Given by Court)'), the provision in Article 13 which is to revise Article 34(iv) of the Shinkin Bank Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197(1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2)' into 'Article 197' and the part revising 'Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.)' into '197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.), Article 198(viii) (Crime of Breach of Prohibition Order or Order for Suspension Given by Court)'), the provision in Article 15 which is to revise Article 34(iv) of the Labor Bank Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197(1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2)' into 'Article 197' and the part revising 'Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.)' into '197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.), Article 198(viii) (Crime of Breach of Prohibition Order or Order for Suspension Given by Court)'), the provision in Article 18 which is to revise Article 53-2(1)(iii) of the Insurance Business Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197(1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2)' into 'Article 197' and the part revising 'Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.)' into '197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.), Article 198(viii) (Crime of Breach of Prohibition Order or Order for Suspension Given by Court)'), the provision in Article 19 which is to revise Article 24-4(iv) of the Norinchukin Bank Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197(1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2). Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix)' into 'Article 197, 197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) or Article 198(viii)'), and the provisions of Articles 2, 4, 182(1), 184(1), 187(1), 190(1), 193(1), 196(1) and 198(1) of these Supplementary Provisions:　The date on which twenty days from the day of promulgation have elapsed

• この法律による改正前の担保附社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、証券投資信託法、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、外国為替銀行法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、預金保険法、農村地域工業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法又は銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律（以下「旧担保附社債信託法等」という。）の規定により大蔵大臣その他の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知その他の行為は、この法律による改正後の担保附社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、証券投資信託法、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、外国為替銀行法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、預金保険法、農村地域工業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法又は銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律（以下「新担保附社債信託法等」という。）の相当規定に基づいて、内閣総理大臣その他の相当の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知その他の行為とみなす。
• A license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, made, given or performed by the Minister of Finance or other national organ under the provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplification of Bank Administration, etc., the Act on Engagement in Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibiting Private Monopolies and Ensuring Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Services by Cooperative, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium-Scale Fishing Operations, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Mergers and Conversions in Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Act on Promoting the Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishing Cooperatives Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Securities Investment Advisory Services, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Regulation of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions on the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Activities Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperatively Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Services Act, the Act on Special Measures on Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings by Financial Institutions, the Act on Mergers between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act or the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Mergers Involving Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters before their revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be a license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, made, given or performed by the Prime Minister or other corresponding national organ pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for the Simplification of Bank Administration, etc., the Act on Engagement in Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibiting Private Monopolies and Ensuring Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Services by Cooperatives, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium-Scale Fishing Operations, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Mergers and Conversions in Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Act to Promote the Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishing Cooperatives Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Securities Investment Advisory Services, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Regulation of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions on the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Activities Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperatively Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Services Act, the Act on Special Measures on Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings by Financial Institutions, the Act on Mergers between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act or the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Mergers Involving Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters after its revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.').
• The licensing, permission, authorization, approval, designation and other dispositions, or notice and other acts carried out by the Minister of Finance or other organs of the State pursuant to the provisions of the Secured Bond Trust Act, Trust Business Act, Norinchukin Bank Act, Mutual Loan Business Act, Act on Simplification of Banking Business Procedures, etc., Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, Agricultural Cooperative Association Act, Securities and Exchange Act, Act on Casualty Insurance Rating Organizations, Fisheries Cooperative Association Act, Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, etc., Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, Shipowners Mutual Insurance Association Act, Securities Investment Trust Act, Shinkin Bank Act, Long-Term Credit Bank Act, Loan Trust Act, Medium and Small Fishery Loan Guarantee Act, Credit Guarantee Companies Act, Labor Bank Act, Foreign Exchange Bank Act, Automobile Liability Security Act, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, Deposit Insurance Act, Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Business, etc. into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, Banking Act, Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Corporations, Financial Futures Trading Act, Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, Act on Regulations of Business Pertaining to Commodities Investment, Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, Act on the Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., Act on Revision, etc. of Related Acts for the Reform of Financial System and Securities Exchange System, Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, Real Property Specified Joint Enterprise Act, Insurance Business Act, Act on Special Treatment, etc. of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institution, Act on the Merger of the Norinchukin Bank and the Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, etc., Bank of Japan Act, or Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures Pertaining to Banks, etc. for the Creation of Bank Holding Company prior to the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Former Secured Bond Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed as licensing, permission, authorization, approval, designation and other dispositions, or notices and other acts carried out by the Prime Minister or other corresponding organs of the State pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bond Trust Act, Trust Business Act, Norinchukin Bank Act, Mutual Loan Business Act, Act on Simplification of Banking Business Procedures, etc., Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, Agricultural Cooperative Association Act, Securities and Exchange Act, Act on Casualty Insurance Rating Organizations, Fisheries Cooperative Association Act, Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, etc., Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, Shipowners Mutual Insurance Association Act, Securities Investment Trust Act, Shinkin Bank Act, Long-Term Credit Bank Act, Loan Trust Act, Medium and Small Fishery Loan Guarantee Act, Credit Guarantee Companies Act, Labor Bank Act, Foreign Exchange Bank Act, Automobile Liability Security Act, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, Deposit Insurance Act, Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Business, etc. into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, Banking Act, Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Corporations, Financial Futures Trading Act, Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, Act on Regulations of Business Pertaining to Commodities Investment, Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, Act on the Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., Act on Revision, etc. of Related Acts for the Reform of Financial System and Securities Exchange System, Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, Real Property Specified Joint Enterprise Act, Insurance Business Act, Act on Special Treatment, etc. of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institution, Act on the Merger of the Norinchukin Bank and the Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, etc., Bank of Japan Act, or Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures Pertaining to Banks, etc. for the Creation of Bank Holding Company revised by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Current Secured Bond Trust Act, etc.').
• Dispositions including licensing, permission, authorization, approval, and designation, or notice or other acts conducted by the Minister of Finance or other national government organs pursuant to the provisions of the Secured Debenture Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Association Act, the Act on Simplifying Business Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Additional Operation of Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Body Calculating Premium Rate of Damage Insurance, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, the Act on Finance Business Conducted by Cooperative Associations, the Shipowner Mutual Insurance Association Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Credit Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium-sized Fishery Finance Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Association Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Damages Guarantee Act, the Agriculture Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Security Business Entities, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Agricultural District Industry Introduction Promotion Act, the Agricultural and Fishery Business Cooperative Association Deposit Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Regulation of Loan Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Security Advisory Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Security Business, the Financial Future Transaction Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Voucher of Prepayment Type, the Act on Regulation of Business of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of the Narcotic and Stimulation Spirit Medicine Regulation Act for Prevention of Conduct Encouraging Illegal Conduct Relating to Regulated Medicine under International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business of Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Prepara.ion, etc. of Related Acts for Reform of Finance System and Security Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Contribution of Cooperative Structure Financial Institution, the Specified Real Estate Cooperative Business Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of Reorganization Procedure of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger, etc. of Central Bank for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery and Federation for Credit Agriculture Cooperative Association, the Bank of Japan Act, or the Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures for Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies prior to the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Secured Debenture Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be dispositions including licensing, permission, authorization, approval, and designation, or notice or other acts conducted by the Prime Minister or other relevant national government organs pursuant to the relevant provisions of the Secured Debenture Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Association Act, the Act on Simplifying Business Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Additional Operation of Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Body Calculating Premium Rate of Damage Insurance, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, the Act on Finance Business Conducted by Cooperative Associations, the Shipowner Mutual Insurance Association Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Credit Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium-sized Fishery Finance Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Association Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Damages Guarantee Act, the Agriculture Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Security Business Entities, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Agricultural District Industry Introduction Promotion Act, the Agricultural and Fishery Business Cooperative Association Deposit Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Regulation of Loan Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Security Advisory Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Security Business, the Financial Future Transaction Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Voucher of Prepayment Type, the Act on Regulation of Business of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of the Narcotic and Stimulation Spirit Medicine Regulation Act for Prevention of Conduct Encouraging Illegal Conduct Relating to Regulated Medicine under International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business of Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Prepara.ion, etc. of Related Acts for Reform of Finance System and Security Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Contribution of Cooperative Structure Financial Institution, the Specified Real Estate Cooperative Business Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of Reorganization Procedure of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger, etc. of Central Bank for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery and Federation for Credit Agriculture Cooperative Association, the Bank of Japan Act, or the Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures for Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies after the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Secured Debenture Trust Act, etc.').
• A license, permission, approval, recognition, designation, or any other disposition or notice granted or issued or any other act conducted by the Minister of Finance or any other national organ pursuant to the provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplifying the Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperative Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Casualty Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperatives, the Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium Fisheries Loan Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act Concerning Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Coordination, etc. of Relevant Acts for the Reform of the Financial System and the Securities and Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on Financial Institution Reorganization Proceedings, the Act on Mergers, etc. between the Norinchukin Bank and a Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, or the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on the Merger Procedure for Banks, etc. for the Establishment of a Bank Holding Company prior to the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Old Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be a license, permission, approval, recognition, designation, or any other disposition or notice granted or issued or any other act conducted by the Prime Minister or any other corresponding national organ based on the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplifying the Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperative Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Casualty Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperatives, the Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium Fisheries Loan Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act Concerning Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conducts and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Coordination, etc. of Relevant Acts for the Reform of the Financial System and the Securities and Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on Financial Institution Reorganization Proceedings, the Act on Mergers, etc. between the Norinchukin Bank and a Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, or the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on the Merger Procedure for Banks, etc. for the Establishment of a Bank Holding Company after the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'New Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.').

• この法律による改正前の担保附社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無 尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、 証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、証 券投資信託法、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、外国為替銀行法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業 信用保証保険法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、預金保険法、農村地域工業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、 銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規 制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神 薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同 組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会 との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法又は銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律（以下「旧担保附社債信託法等」という。） の規定により大蔵大臣その他の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知その他の行為は、この法律による改正後の担保附社債信託 法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確 保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関 する法律、船主相互保険組合法、証券投資信託法、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、外国為替銀 行法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、預金保険法、農村地域工業等導入促進 法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法 律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為 等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための 関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農 林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法又は銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律（以下 「新担保附社債信託法等」という。）の相当規定に基づいて、内閣総理大臣その他の相当の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知 その他の行為とみなす。
• A license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, made, given or performed by the Minister of Finance or other national organ under the provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplification of Works of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium Sized Fishery Industry, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Businesses Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act or the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Merger Involving Bank, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters before the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be a license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, made, given or performed by the Prime Minister or other corresponding national organ pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplification of Works of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium Sized Fishery Industry, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Businesses Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act or the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Merger Involving Bank, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters after the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.')

• この法律による改正前の担保附社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、地方税法、証券投資信託及び証券投資法人に関する法律、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、地震保険に関する法律、登録免許税法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、農村地域工業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関等の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法、銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律、特定目的会社による特定資産の流動化に関する法律又は金融システム改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律（以下「旧担保附社債信託法等」という。）の規定により内閣総理大臣その他の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知その他の行為は、この法律による改正後の担保附社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、地方税法、証券投資信託及び証券投資法人に関する法律、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、地震保険に関する法律、登録免許税法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、農村地域工業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関等の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法、銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律、特定目的会社による特定資産の流動化に関する法律又は金融システム改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律（以下「新担保附社債信託法等」という。）の相当規定に基づいて、金融再生委員会その他の相当の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知その他の行為とみなす。
• A license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, rendered, given or engaged in by the Prime Minister or other national organ under the provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for the Simplification of Bank Administration, etc., the Act on Engagement in Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibiting Private Monopolies and Ensuring Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Services by Cooperatives, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trusts and Securities Investment Corporations, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium-Scale Fishing Operations, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Mergers and Conversions in Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Act Promoting the Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishing Cooperatives Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Securities Investment Advisory Services, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Regulation of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions under the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Activities Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperatively Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Services Act, the Act on Special Measures on Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings by Financial Institutions, the Act on Mergers between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Mergers Involving Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters, the Act on the Securitization of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial System before their revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be a license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, rendered, given or engaged in by the Financial Reconstruction Commission or other corresponding national organ pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for the Simplification of Bank Administration, etc., the Act on Engagement in Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibiting Private Monopolies and Ensuring Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Services by Cooperatives, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trusts and Securities Investment Corporations, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium-Scale Fishing Operations, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Mergers and Conversions in Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishing Cooperatives Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Securities Investment Advisory Services, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Regulation of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions under the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Activities Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperatively Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Services Act, the Act on Special Measures on Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings by Financial Institutions, the Act on Mergers between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Mergers Involving Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters, the Act on the Securitization of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial System after their revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.').
• The licensing, permission, authorization, approval, Designation and other dispositions, or notice and other acts carried out by the Prime Minister or other organs of the State pursuant to the provisions of the Secured Bond Trust Act, Trust Business Act, Norinchukin Bank Act, Mutual Loan Business Act, Act on Simplification of Banking Business Procedures, etc., Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, Agricultural Cooperative Association Act, Securities and Exchange Act, Act on Casualty Insurance Rating Organizations, Fisheries Cooperative Association Act, Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, etc., Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, Shipowners Mutual Insurance Association Act, Local Tax Act, Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Juridical Persons, Shinkin Bank Act, Long-Term Credit Bank Act, Loan Trust Act, Medium and Small Fishery Loan Guarantee Act, Credit Guarantee Companies Act, Labor Bank Act, Automobile Liability Security Act, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, Act on Earthquake Insurance, Registration and License Tax Act, Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Business, etc. into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, Banking Act, Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Juridical Persons, Financial Futures Trading Act, Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, Act on Regulations of Business Pertaining to Commodities Investment, Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, Act on the Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., Act on Revision, etc. of Related Acts for the Reform of Financial System and Securities Exchange System, Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, Real Property Specified Joint Enterprise Act, Insurance Business Act, Act on Special Treatment, etc. of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institution, Act on the Merger of the Norinchukin Bank and the Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, etc., Bank of Japan Act, Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures Pertaining to Banks, etc. for the Creation of Bank Holding Company, Act on the Liquidation of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or Act on Revision, etc. of Related Acts for the Financial System Reform prior to the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Former Secured Bond Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed as licensing, permission, authorization, approval, Designation and other dispositions, or notice and other acts carried out by the Financial Reconstruction Commission or other corresponding organs of the State pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bond Trust Act, Trust Business Act, Norinchukin Bank Act, Mutual Loan Business Act, Act on Simplification of Banking Business Procedures, etc., Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, Agricultural Cooperative Association Act, Securities and Exchange Act, Act on Casualty Insurance Rating Organizations, Fisheries Cooperative Association Act, Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, etc., Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, Shipowners Mutual Insurance Association Act, Local Tax Act, Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Juridical Persons, Shinkin Bank Act, Long-Term Credit Bank Act, Loan Trust Act, Medium and Small Fishery Loan Guarantee Act, Credit Guarantee Companies Act, Labor Bank Act, Automobile Liability Security Act, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, Act on Earthquake Insurance, Registration and License Tax Act, Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Business, etc. into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, Banking Act, Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Juridical Persons, Financial Futures Trading Act, Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, Act on Regulations of Business Pertaining to Commodities Investment, Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, Act on the Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., Act on Revision, etc. of Related Acts for the Reform of Financial System and Securities Exchange System, Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, Real Property Specified Joint Enterprise Act, Insurance Business Act, Act on Special Treatment of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institution, Act on the Merger of the Norinchukin Bank and the Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, etc., Bank of Japan Act, Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures Pertaining to Banks, etc. for the Creation of Bank Holding Company, Act on the Liquidation of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or Act on Revision, etc. of Related Acts for the Financial System Reform revised by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Current Secured Bond Trust Act, etc.').
• Dispositions including licensing, permission, authorization, approval, and designation, or notice or other acts conducted by the Prime Minister or other national government organs pursuant to the provisions of the Secured Debenture Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Association Act, the Act on Simplifying Business Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Additional Operation of Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Body Calculating Premium Rate of Damage Insurance, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, the Act on Finance Business Conducted by Cooperative Associations, the Shipowner Mutual Insurance Association Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations, the Credit Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium-sized Fishery Finance Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Association Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Damages Guarantee Act, the Agriculture Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Security Business Entities, the Agricultural District Industry Introduction Promotion Act, the Agricultural and Fishery Business Cooperative Association Deposit Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Regulation of Loan Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Security Advisory Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Security Business, the Financial Future Transaction Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Voucher of Prepayment Type, the Act on Regulation of Business of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of the Narcotic and Stimulation Spirit Medicine Regulation Act for Prevention of Conduct Encouraging Illegal Conduct Relating to Regulated Medicine under International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business of Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Prepara.ion, etc. of Related Acts for Reform of Finance System and Security Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Contribution of Cooperative Structure Financial Institution, the Specified Real Estate Cooperative Business Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of Reorganization Procedure of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger, etc. of Central Bank for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery and Federation for Credit Agriculture Cooperative Association, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures for Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies, the Act on Liquidation of Special Assets by Special Purpose Companies, the Act on Prepara.ion of Relevant Acts for Financial System Reform prior to the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Secured Debenture Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be dispositions including licensing, permission, authorization, approval, and designation, or notice or other acts conducted by the Financial Reconstruction Commission or other relevant national government organs pursuant to the relevant provisions of the Secured Debenture Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Association Act, the Act on Simplifying Business Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Additional Operation of Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Body Calculating Premium Rate of Damage Insurance, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, the Act on Finance Business Conducted by Cooperative Associations, the Shipowner Mutual Insurance Association Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations, the Credit Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium-sized Fishery Finance Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Association Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Damages Guarantee Act, the Agriculture Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Security Business Entities, the Agricultural District Industry Introduction Promotion Act, the Agricultural and Fishery Business Cooperative Association Deposit Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Regulation of Loan Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Security Advisory Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Security Business, the Financial Future Transaction Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Voucher of Prepayment Type, the Act on Regulation of Business of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of the Narcotic and Stimulation Spirit Medicine Regulation Act for Prevention of Conduct Encouraging Illegal Conduct Relating to Regulated Medicine under International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business of Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Prepara.ion, etc. of Related Acts for Reform of Finance System and Security Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Contribution of Cooperative Structure Financial Institution, the Specified Real Estate Cooperative Business Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of Reorganization Procedure of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger, etc. of Central Bank for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery and Federation for Credit Agriculture Cooperative Association, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures for Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies, the Act on Liquidation of Special Assets by Special Purpose Companies, the Act on Prepara.ion of Relevant Acts for Financial System Reform after the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Secured Debenture Trust Act, etc.').
• A license, permission, approval, recognition, designation, or any other disposition or notice granted or issued or any other act conducted by the Prime Minister or any other national organ pursuant to the provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplifying the Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperative Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Casualty Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperatives, the Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium Fisheries Loan Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Juridical Person Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act Concerning Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conducts and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Coordination, etc. of Relevant Acts for the Reform of the Financial System and the Securities and Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on Financial Institution Reorganization Proceedings, the Act on Mergers, etc. between the Norinchukin Bank and a Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on the Merger Procedure for Banks, etc. for the Establishment of a Bank Holding Company, the Act on Securities of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or the Act on Coordination, etc. of Relevant Acts for the Reform of the Financial System prior to the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Old Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed be a license, permission, approval, recognition, designation, or any other disposition or notice granted or issued or any other act conducted by the Financial Reconstruction Commission or any other corresponding national organ based on the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplifying the Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperative Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Casualty Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperatives, the Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium Fisheries Loan Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Juridical Person Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act Concerning Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conducts and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Coordination, etc. of Relevant Acts for the Reform of the Financial System and the Securities and Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on Financial Institution Reorganization Proceedings, the Act on Mergers, etc. between the Norinchukin Bank and a Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on the Merger Procedure for Banks, etc. for the Establishment of a Bank Holding Company, the Act on Securities of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or the Act on Coordination, etc. of Relevant Acts for the Reform of the Financial System after the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'New Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.').

• この法律による改正前の担保附社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無 尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、 証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、地 方税法、証券投資信託及び証券投資法人に関する法律、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、自動車 損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、地震保険に関する法律、登録免許税法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、農村地域工 業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等 に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助 長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改 革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関等の更生手続の特例等に関 する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法、銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する 法律、特定目的会社による特定資産の流動化に関する法律又は金融システム改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律（以下「旧担保附社債信託法等」とい う。）の規定により内閣総理大臣その他の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知その他の行為は、この法律による改正後の担保附 社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正 取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融 事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、地方税法、証券投資信託及び証券投資法人に関する法律、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保 証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、地震保険に関する法律、登録免許税法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法 律、外国証券業者に関する法律、農村地域工業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業 の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際 的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に 関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保 険業法、金融機関等の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法、銀行持株会社の創設のた めの銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律、特定目的会社による特定資産の流動化に関する法律又は金融システム改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する 法律（以下「新担保附社債信託法等」という。）の相当規定に基づいて、金融再生委員会その他の相当の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の 処分又は通知その他の行為とみなす。
• A license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, made, given or performed by the Prime Minister or other national organ under the provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplification of Works of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium Sized Fishery Industry, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Businesses Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Merger Involving Bank, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters, the Act on Securitization of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial System before the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be a license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, made, given or performed by the Financial Reconstruction Commission or other corresponding national organ pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplification of Works of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium Sized Fishery Industry, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Businesses Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Merger Involving Bank, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters, the Act on Securitization of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial System after the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.')