農家: 239 Terms and Phrases

• 農家
• farmer
• farm family
• farm houshold
• farmhouse
• homestead
• Noka (farm houses)
• a Farmer
• Farmers

• 酪農家
• dairy farmer

• 篤農家
• exemplary farmer
• outstanding farmer

• 兼業農家
• part-time farmer

• 農家の庭
• barnyard
• farmyard

• 米作農家
• rice cropping farmer

• 農家予算
• farm budget analysis

• 農家所得
• farm income

• 農家経済
• farmer's economy

• 農家資本
• farm capital

• 農家戸数
• number of farm household

• 綿花農家
• Cotton Planter
• a Cotton Planter

• 専業農家
• full-time farmer
• full time farmer

• 農家用荷車
• wain

• 農家粗所得
• farm profit

• 農家生活費
• family living allowance

• 農家ことば
• Farmers Language

• タバコ農家
• Tobacco Planter
• a Tobacco Planter

• 有機栽培農家
• organic farmer

• 農家労働所得
• farmer's family labour income
• farmer's labour return
• management return

• 農家の粗収入
• gross farm income

• 農家財産目録
• farm inventory

• 農家も見える
• There was a farm, too,

• 農家自家労働力
• unpaid family labour

• サトウキビ農家
• Sugar Planter
• a Sugar Planter

• 『農家得益弁』
• 'The Note on the Benefit and Profit of Farmers'

• 農家 (諸子百家)
• Agriculturalism

• 経済的農家庭先価格
• economic farmgate price

• クラーク (農家)
• Kulak

• 農家と産業の企業の
• of farms and industrial enterprises

• ジョージア州の桃農家
• Georgian peach farmers

• 農場の農家と周囲の土地
• the buildings and adjacent grounds of a farm

• 農家の次男に生まれる。
• He was born as the second son of a farmer.

• 農家の子になりたいかね。
• Would you like to be a farm boy?

• 谷には農家が点在していた。
• The valley was dotted with farm houses.

• 廃れた農家の雑草だらけの庭
• weed-grown yard of an abandoned farmhouse

• ほとんどのイボは農家である
• most Igbo are farmers

• 彼の家族は小麦農家だった。
• His family had been wheat farmers.

• 「農家(日傘のある風景)」
• 'Noka' (Farm House) (Higasa no aru Fukei [Landscape with a Parasol])

• 農家の人達は鋤で土を耕す。
• Farmers turn up the soil with plows.

• 私のおばあちゃんは農家です。
• My grandmother was a farmer.

• 蜜を取るために蜂を飼育する農家
• a farmer who keeps bees for their honey

• 細田家住宅 - 奈良一古い農家。
• Hosoda House - The oldest farm in Nara Prefecture

• 彼は人里離れた農家に住んでいる。
• He lives in a farmhouse remote from the world.

• 老農（篤農家）・農業技術指導者。
• He was an experienced farmer (an exemplary good farmer) and an instructor of agricultural techniques.

• 農家のちょうど後ろに馬小屋がある。
• The stable is right behind the farm house.

• 当時の農家の暴利はすさまじかった。
• The bloated profits of farmers at the time were something again.

• 農家の人は春に小麦の種まきをする。
• Farmers sow grain seeds in spring.

• 悪天候で農家は作物の出来が悪かった。
• Farmers suffered crop losses from poor weather.

• ベテラン綿花農家は綿花を栽培します。
• The Master Cotton Planter cultivates cotton.

• 大きな施設の屋敷の需要に供給する農家
• a farm that supplies the needs of a large estate of establishment

• 彼の家は何世代にもわたって農家だった
• his people have been farmers for generations

• 翌年、隣村の農家の娘琴子と結婚した。
• The following year he was married to Kotoko, the daughter of a farmer from a nearby village.

• 「ヘイ、ウィリー」農家は大声で叫んだ。
• 'Hey, Willie,' the farmer shouted out.

• こんにゃく農家の保護・育成のために活動。
• The activity of this league is to protect and foster farmers who cultivate konnyaku in Japan.

• ベテランタバコ農家はタバコを栽培します。
• The Master Tobacco Planter cultivates tobacco.

• ベテラン農家は食料を生産する専門家です。
• The Expert Farmer is a specialist at producing food.

• 「森の小道の脇に二軒の農家がありました。
• 'Beside the woodland path there are two small farm-houses.

• 農家風の外観をもつ慈光院の中心的な建物。
• It is one of the main buildings of Jiko-in Temple with the exterior appearance of a farm house.

• 農家として作業 (穀物 %amount%)
• Work as Farmer (%amount% Grain)

• 農家として作業 (食料 %amount%)
• Work as Farmer (%amount% Food)

• 野ねずみが農家の穀物を食べ尽くしていった。
• The field mice were eating up the farmers' grain.

• 兼業農家である築堤職人の息子として育った。
• He was a son of an embankment workman who also worked as a part-time farmer.

• 伊藤家は、作男を雇うほどの富裕農家であった。
• The Ito family was such a wealthy farming household that it employed farm hands.

• 「もちろん、捨ててくれ」と農家が答えました。
• 'Get rid of it, of course!' answered the farmer.

• 彼らはあの寂しい農家に三々五々泊まるだろう。
• They will lodge by twos and threes in lonely farmhouses.

• 近所に住む農家が、その事故を見にやって来た。
• The farmer that lived nearby came to investigate.

• 学齢まで高円寺近郊の農家の家に里子に出された。
• The Empress Teimei was placed into the care of a farm family, located in the suburbs surrounding the Koen-ji Temple, and she had spent her childhood there up until school age.

• そして、日本の農家や民家のもととなっていった。
• Eventually, it became the base model for homes for farmers and other private homes in Japan.

• 綿花農家として作業 (綿花 %amount%)
• Work as Cotton Planter (%amount% Cotton)

• 北海道の多くの農家はじゃがいもを栽培している。
• Many farmers in Hokkaido grow potatoes.

• 農家の人の回収された土地に支払われる国庫補助金
• government subsidies are paid to farmers for their retired land

• 農家風の民家で、18世紀中頃の建築と推定される。
• This private residence is built in a farmhouse style, and is estimated to date back to the mid 18th century.

• ベテランサトウキビ農家はサトウキビを栽培します。
• The Master Sugar Planter cultivates sugar.

• 農家の人々は温室で作物を育てざるを得ないのです。
• The farmers are forced to produce the crops in the greenhouse.

• 「気にすんじゃねーべさ！」農家はしつこく誘った。
• 'Aw, come on, son!' the farmer insisted.

• それ自体小さいが、農家の家は素晴らしい場所にある
• the farm house, though in itself a small one, is delightfully situated

• どの農家でも見られたポンプと異なっていないポンプ
• a pump not dissimilar to those once found on every farm

• 又、生産量は農家の高齢化に伴い、年々減少している。
• However, production is decreasing every year as the farmers age.

• 「おんどりゃー馬鹿言ってんじゃねー」農家は言った。
• 'Don't say such rubbish!' said the farmer.

• タバコ農家として作業 (タバコ %amount%)
• Work as Tobacco Planter (%amount% Tobacco)

• 雨がようやく止むまでは、農家の人たちは、不安だった
• farmers were uneasy until rain finally came

• 村には、およそ二十軒ばかりの家と農家がありました。
• It had about a score of houses and homesteads,

• いつものように、農家の人たちは穀物の種まきで忙しい。
• As usual the peasants are busy scattering grain seeds.

• ある農家の夫婦が、金の卵を産むニワトリを持っていた。
• A COTTAGER and his wife had a Hen that laid a golden egg every day.

• 上総国武射郡殿台村（現在の千葉県山武市）の農家出身。
• He was from a farm family in Tonodai village, Musha District, Kazusa Province (current Sammu City, Chiba Prefecture).

• サトウキビ農家として作業 (サトウキビ %amount%)
• Work as Sugar Planter (%amount% Sugar)

• そのため、戦後も農家を中心に、欠食児童は多く存在し続けた。
• Therefore, even after the war, many poorly-fed children remained in the farm family.

• 回りは古くからの農家の面影を残す住居の混じる住宅地である。
• The area around the station is a residential area that contains some old farmhouses.

• トニーと母親はその農家に着き、農家の庭を歩いて行きました。
• Tony and his mother arrived at the farmhouse and walked through the farmyard.

• 都市住民と地元の農家など棚田の保存を望む人たちが田植えした。
• People who wish to preserve Tanada, including city-dwellers and local farmers, planted rice in the fields.

• 日本建築史や民俗学では、主に江戸時代の農家、町家の類を民家という。
• Noka (farm houses) and machiya (town houses) in the Edo Period are called minka in the architectural history of Japan and in ethnology.

• 北海は、越後国弥彦村（現 新潟県西蒲原郡弥彦村）の農家に生まれる。
• Hokkai was born to a farming household in Yahiko-mura, Echigo Province (the present Yahiko-mura, Nishikanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture).

• 深蒸し茶は、昭和40年代菊川市のお茶農家が開発されたといわれている。
• It is said that Fukamushi-cha was developed by tea farmers in Kikukawa City between the late 1960s and early 1970s.

• これを知った家茂は、蚕の卵を農家から集めてナポレオン3世に寄贈した。
• When Iemochi heard of this news, he collected silkworm eggs from farmers and donated them to Louis NAPOLEON.

• 三重郡川越町　旧朝明郡南福崎村の農家　水越佐七の五男として生まれた。
• He was born as the fifth son of Sashichi MIZUKOSHI, a farmer of Minami-Fukuzaki village, Asake County (current Kawagoe town, Mie County).

• 農家の男の子が、小麦を乗せた小型トラックを過って横転させてしまった。
• A farm boy accidentally overturned his wagonload of wheat on the road.

• 明治の時代になりその栽培が一般農家にも広がり、販売されるようになった。
• In the Meiji period, their cultivation spread to ordinary farmers, who started to sell them.

• ウンシュウミカンの生産地としても有名で、山間部では蜜柑の生産農家が多い。
• Sakurai is also famous as a place for producing satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) and a lot of farms produce satsuma mandarin in the mountain area.

• 武蔵国横見郡荒子村（現在の埼玉県吉見町）の農家に生まれ、川越市で育った。
• He was born as a son of a farmer in Arako-mura, Yokomi County, Musashi Province (present Yoshimi-machi, Saitama Prefecture) and raised in Kawagoe City.

• ある農家の娘が、楽し気なことを空想しながら、牛乳桶を頭に乗せて運んでいた。
• A FARMER'S daughter was carrying her Pail of milk from the field to the farmhouse, when she fell a-musing.

• 明治3年（1870年）4月、辰路は下京の裕福な農家の竹岡甚之助と結婚した。
• In May of 1870, Tatsuji was married to Jinnosuke TAKEOKA, who was a rich farmer in the Shimogyo district.

• 丹波国の貧しい農家に生まれ、遊女屋へ売られたところを山南（堺雅人）と出会う。
• She was born into a poor farmer's house in Tanba province, and was sold to a prostitute house where she met YAMANAMI (Masato SAKAI).

• 東京にいる子孫は代々農家を続けており、今現在の末裔も都内で農家を営んでいる。
• His descendents in Tokyo have been farmers for generations, and the present descendents are also farmers there.

• 少年達はウッドさんについて、農家の近くにある古い木造の建物へ歩いて行きました。
• They walked with him to an old wooden building near the farmhouse.

• 子犬をふとっちょあらいぐまの見張りに残して、ジョニーは農家の母屋に戻りました。
• Leaving the young dog to watch Fatty Coon, Johnnie went back to the farmhouse.

• そこで大きめの農家にやってくると、ドロシーは大胆に戸口にいって戸を叩きました。
• So, when they came to a good-sized farmhouse, Dorothy walked boldly up to the door and knocked.

• 地元農家が耕作する530枚（4.6ha）と合わせた棚田は1,340枚（7ha）。
• The number of rice terraces, including 530 rice fields cultivated by local farmers (4.6 hectares), total to 1,340 (7 hectares).

• 総人口に占める農家人口は2000年には11.9％まで低下している（2,831戸。
• The agricultural population declined to 11.9% in 2000. (2,831households)

• また、かつての住宅は農家でも町屋でも、生業と結びついた職住一致のものが多かった。
• In the past, many houses, such as farmers' houses and Machiya houses, were place where persons lived and worked for earning their living.

• また、中・下層の武士の住まいも農家と同様の技法が用いられているものは民家に含める。
• Houses for middle or lower ranked samurai are also minka if they were built in the same manner as noka.

• 渋沢家は藍玉_(染料)の製造販売と養蚕を兼営し米、麦、野菜の生産も手がける大農家だった。
• Shibusawa was a big farm family who manufactured and sold indigo balls (dye), worked also as silkworm breeders and grew rice, barley and vegetables.

• それによれば昔、ある農家に娘がおり、家の飼い馬と仲が良く、ついには夫婦になってしまった。
• According to this tale, there was a girl in a farmhouse, who was close with the horse they had and eventually became husband and wife with it.

• 亀の尾（かめのお）は、明治時代前期に山形県の篤農家・阿部亀治により育成された日本のイネ品種。
• 'Kameno-o' is a variety of Japanese rice developed by a practical farmer, Kameji ABE, of Yamagata Prefecture in the early Meiji Period of the history of Japanese sake.

• しかし農家の後継者不足や果樹消費の多角化等、日本のミカン栽培は今なお様々な問題を抱えている。
• However, mikan cultivation in Japan has had many problems to date such as difficulty of finding successors of farms, diversification of fruit consumption and so on.

• トウカイザクラ（東海桜） - 切り花用に福島市花見山公園近隣の花卉農家で盛んに栽培されている。
• Tokaizakura, which is cultivated for cut flowers actively by flower growers near Hanamiyama-koen park in Fukushima City.

• 古くからの習慣で、住居が建っている場所や住人の職業などで区別して商家、町家、農家などとも言う。
• According to time-honored custom, the terms merchants' houses, Machiya houses, and farmers' houses are also used, depending on the place where the houses are located or the jobs of the persons who live in the houses.

• 京都市特産そ菜保存委託事業として、市内の3戸の農家が栽培を続け、種の自家採種をおこなっている。
• Three farmhouses in the city keep up the cultivation and in-house seed production as a commissioned business for preservation of specialty vegetables of Kyoto City.

• 江戸時代の中ごろに出土し、かつては小川のほとりで付近の農家の洗濯板として使用されていたという。
• It was unearthed in the middle of the Edo period and is said to have once been used as a washing board at the bank of a small river by farmers in the neighborhood.

• サルたちはみんなを農場の近くにおろしてくれたので、旅人四人はその農家にいってドアを叩きました。
• The Monkeys had set them down near a farmhouse, and the four travelers walked up to it and knocked at the door.

• 西川は安政元年（1854年）、現在の三重県多気郡明和町 (三重県)に農家の次男として生まれた。
• Nishikawa was born in 1854, as the second son of a farm family in present Meiwa-cho, Taki-gun, Mie Prefecture.

• また、米農家が収穫を感謝するため、甘酒を造ったり、祭りに甘酒を供える風習が残っている土地もある。
• In some regions, rice farmers still preserve the old custom of making amazake and placing it on an alter during festivals as an offering of thanks for a good harvest.

• そのほうが、農家にとっても一年の収入が保証されているので安心して酒米作りに専念できるからである。
• This is because the farmer can concentrate on the production of sakamai with an assurance of yearly income.

• 農家、漁家、町屋などの民家建築が文化財として着目されるようになったのは、第二次世界大戦後である。
• It was after World War II that private houses such as farmhouses, fishermen's houses and merchant houses came to attention as cultural properties.

• 原料の買い入れと販売を担うため、一般的な農家と異なり、常に算盤をはじく商業的な才覚が求められた。
• Unlike ordinary farmers, a talent of business to keep the beads moving on the abacus was required to purchase materials and to sell them.

• なお、ここで言う「住宅」は城郭の御殿、社寺の書院、客殿などを指し、「民家」は町屋、農家などを指す。
• The term 'public residences' is used to refer to the palaces in castles, to the shoin (studies) in shrines or temples, to reception halls, and so forth, whereas 'private homes' refers to merchant or farmer houses.

• 農家にとっては大事な節目の日で、この日までに農作業を終え、この日から5日間は休みとする地方もある。
• It is an important day for farmers and in some areas they finish their planting by this day and then rest for a period of five days.

• {{plural:|one=ベテラン農家|other=ベテラン農家|default=ベテラン農家}}
• {{plural:%number%|one=Expert Farmer|other=Expert Farmers|default=Expert Farmer}}

• 合気道の創始者・植芝盛平は1883年（明治16年）和歌山県田辺町（現・田辺市）の富裕な農家に生まれた。
• The founder of Aikido, Morihei UESHIBA, was born into a wealthy farming family in 1883, in Tanabe-cho, Wakayama Prefecture (the present-day Tanabe City).

• 農家では、山椒・ミツバとならび、果樹園・庭・屋敷林の木陰に、薬味として、育てておく代表的な植物である。
• Farmers frequently grow Myoga as a spice in shady places together with Sansho (Japanese pepper) and Mitsuba (Japanese honewort) in their fruit orchards, gardens or homestead woodlands.

• また、近年では、農作業体験や農家民泊などのアグリツーリズムにより地域を活性化する試みが始められている。
• In recent years, attempts to rejuvenate the area by agritourism initiatives such offering visitors farm work experiences and farmhouse accommodation have started to be implemented.

• その結果、品質の良い酒米を求める蔵元と安定した販売先を求める農家の思いが一致し、この制度がはじまった。
• As a result, Kuramoto acquiring high-quality rice for brewing sake and the farmers looking for the stable buyers coincided on those desires to start this system.

• 昭乗は、農家が種入れとして使っていた器をヒントにこの形の器を作り、絵の具箱や煙草盆として使用していた。
• Shojo made the box inspired by a container used by farmers to hold seeds: a box like container with sides and used it as a paint box or a tobacco tray.

• 農家においては祭り、結婚式、葬式、等特別な場合のみお歯黒を付けた（童話ごんぎつねにもその描写がある）。
• Farmers blacken their teeth only on special occasions such as festivals, weddings, funerals and so on (this is also depicted in the children's tale called 'Gon the Fox').

• 享保18年（1733年）、丹波国桑田郡穴太（あのお）村（現・京都府亀岡市）に農家の次男として生まれた。
• He was born in 1733 in Ano Village, Kuwata District, Tanba Province (currently Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture) as the second son of a farmer.

• 中村直三（なかむら なおぞう、1819年 - 1882年）は、奈良県出身の老農（篤農家）・農業指導者。
• Naozo NAKAMURA (1819 - 1882) was an exemplary farmer and agricultural advisor, who was born in Nara Prefecture.

• 奈良 専二（なら せんじ、1822年−1892年5月4日）は、香川県出身の老農（篤農家）・農業指導者。
• Senji NARA (1822 - May 4, 1892) was an exemplary farmer and agricultural advisor, who was born in Kagawa Prefecture.

• しかし栽培や収穫に手間がかかることから次第に農家が敬遠したため、ついには一部の品種を絶滅させてしまった。
• However, farmers gradually became unwilling to produce those vegetables because it took a lot of work to cultivate and harvest them, which resulted in the extermination of some of the varieties.

• 一般の農家より大きく、現在に残っている庄屋､大庄屋屋敷は、主屋・長屋門などに歴史的価値のあるものが多い。
• A typical Shoya house was larger than that of the general farmers, many residences of Shoya and Ojoya, which remained today, have historical value, especially the omoya (main building) and Nagaya-mon Gate.

• それが終わると男性124名、女性388名が四軒の農家に入れられ、生きたまま農家ごと火をつけたようである。
• After that, 124 men and 388 women were put into four farmhouses and burnt alive with the farmhouses.

• 正月のお飾り、門松の作成、販売も鳶職もしくは、植木屋、農家、が鳶職と兼業している者が行っていることが多い。
• In many cases, either tobishoku, or gardeners and farmers who work as tobishoku at the same time, make and sell New year's decorations and kadomatsu (a pine tree decoration for new year).

• 意識を取り戻すと窓を乱暴に開け放って朝の空気を入れ、小道を駆け下り、ドクターのところに農家の少年をやった。
• She had, when she recovered, thrown open the window to let the morning air in, and had run down to the lane, whence she sent a farm-lad for the doctor.

• 次の、道沿いに平らに広く建っている農家までたどり着くと、飲み水を湛えた桶が兵士たちのために出されてあった。
• At the next farm-house, which stood low and broad near the high road, tubs of water had been put out.

• 秀吉は農家の出身でもあることから戦国大名としては稀な非少年愛家であり、一方多くの女性を愛したとされている。
• As Hideyoshi was from a farmer's family, exceptional for a sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord during the Sengoku period), he had no interest in pederasty, but on the other hand, he loved a large number of ladies.

• 元禄年間建造の屋敷は、一見普通の農家だが、内部には縄梯子・落とし穴・回転戸・地下道などが仕掛けられている。
• The residence built during the Genroku era (from 1688 to 1703) looked like an ordinary farmer's house, but the inside has traps such as rope ladders, pitfalls, revolving doors and underground passages.

• 江戸時代中期頃、養蚕業が活発化すると、この空間を利用し、農家の住居の屋根裏で養蚕の棚を設置するようになった。
• Around the middle of the Edo period, farmers started to place shelves for raising silkworms in this space under their roof when the sericultural industry grew.

• 畠山家は鴨川の農家で、かつては資産家であったが、明治維新のおりに私財を投じたため、生活は貧困であったという。
• The Hatakeyama family had been farmer of Kamogawa and once very rich, however, at the Meiji Restoration they invested a lot of money, and later became very poor.

• 松方財政以降、農村は慢性的な貧困状態に陥り、子どもの食事を十分に用意できない農家が多く存在することとなった。
• After the Matsukata Financial Policy, the life of farmers fell into chronic poverty and many farmers could not afford to provide meals for children.

• 雪中行軍参加者のほとんどは岩手県、宮城県の農家の出身者であり、普段冬山などに接する機会がない者たちであった。
• Most of the soldiers who joined the march were from farm families in Iwate Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture, having had no chance to climb winter mountains before.

• 広島県の裕福な農家に生まれ慶應義塾で学んだ後、東京高等商業学校（現・一橋大学）に入学しボート選手として活躍。
• He was born into a rich farming family, and after studying at Keio Gijuku, he entered Tokyo Higher Commercial School (now known as Hitotsubashi University) where he became the outstanding boat racer.

• 天保9年（1838年）2月2日、武蔵国多摩郡小田野（現在の東京都八王子市西寺方町）の農家に長男として生まれる。
• He was born on February 25, 1838 in Ono, Tama Country, Musashi Province (present Nishiderakata-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo) as the first son of a farm family.

• さらに、天保年間に信濃国の行商人・小林粂左衛門が諏訪地域の農家の副業として寒天作りを広め、角寒天として定着した。
• Further, during the Tenpo era Kumezaemon KOBAYASHI, a peddler from Shinano Province, promoted the manufacture of kanten as a second job among farmers in the Suwa area, and established it as kaku-kanten (agar in the shape of a rectangular bar).

• 松方財政によるデフレーションで米価が低迷すると、定額金納の地租が農家に大きな負担となり、多くの農家が窮乏化した。
• When the price of rice was sluggish by deflation due to the Financial Policy by Masayoshi Matsukata, the land-tax of fixed amount payment became a heavy burden on farmers, and many of them suffered from poverty.

• {{plural:|one=ベテラン綿花農家|other=ベテラン綿花農家|default=ベテラン綿花農家}}
• {{plural:%number%|one=Master Cotton Planter|other=Master Cotton Planters|default=Master Cotton Planter}}

• 平家の落人伝承を持つ徳島県三好市東祖谷（旧東祖谷山村）にも「武家屋敷」と呼ばれる住まいがある（外観は農家と同じ）。
• There is a house called 'Buke Yashiki' in Higashiiya in Miyoshi City, Tokushima Prefecture, which has a legend about the survivors of the Taira family (its exterior appears to be a farmhouse).

• というのは、ある買い手がアントワープかららばを引いてやってきて、いろいろな農家からミルクを買いにやってきたのです。
• for there was a buyer from Antwerp who had taken to drive his mule in of a day for the milk of the various dairies,

• やがて1996年、九州大学に保存されていた12粒の種籾から酒米作りを専門とする農家が復刻にとりくみ、1999年成功。
• Then, in 1996, a farmer who specialized in sakamai production tried to revive it from twelve grains of seed rice kept by Kyushu University, and in 1999 his effort succeeded.

• 農業類に関する行事も戦前ごろまで大きな行事であったが、農家の減少や機械化により農村部以外では行われないようになった。
• Although events concerning agriculture, etc. were major events around before the war, they are only held in rural areas due to decreased farmers and mechanization.

• 1822年、讃岐国三木郡池戸村（いけのべむら、現・香川県木田郡三木町大字池戸）の農家、奈良才蔵の長男として生まれる。
• NARA was born in Ikenobe-mura Village, Miki District, Sanuki Province (currently Oaza Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita District, Kagawa Prefecture) in 1822, as the eldest son of a farmer, Saizo NARA.

• 草加宿一帯の農家では、蒸した米をつぶして丸め、干したもの（「堅餅」という）に塩をまぶして焼き、おやつとして食べていた。
• Farmers living in and around Soka-juku used to make a kind of snack eaten between meals - making balls of crushed cooked rice, which were then dried, sprinkled with salt and grilled, which they called 'katamochi'.

• 近世以降、所従の語は余り使われなくなり隷属民の呼称としては武家、農家にかかわらず下人の称が多く用いられるようになった。
• After the early-modern times, the designation Shoju became gradually obsolete, while the word Genin became used frequently as a designation of slaves whether their masters were military families or farmers.

• 百姓＝農民というイメージは江戸時代から続く古い俗説であるが、実際には現代の '兼業農家' よりも広い生業を含んでいる。
• The image hyakusho=peasants was an old, popular saying from the Edo period, but the actual scope includes a wide range of vocations similar to today's 'part-time farmer.'

• その反面、農家が土地を収奪され、困窮した人々が満州や日本国内、沿海州などへ移住する結果となってしまったとする論もある。
• Some argued that, on the other hand, peasants were deprived of their land, and impoverished people ended up moving to Manchuria, the mainland in Japan and Russian Maritime Province.

• {{plural:|one=ベテランタバコ農家|other=ベテランタバコ農家|default=ベテランタバコ農家}}
• {{plural:%number%|one=Master Tobacco Planter|other=Master Tobacco Planters|default=Master Tobacco Planter}}

• まず、旧豊田町気子島地区の農家によって試作され、昭和6年に出荷組合（組合長　内藤氏）によって生産販売の基礎がつくられた。
• It was first produced as a trial by a farmer in the Kegojima area in the former Toyoda cho, and in 1931, the basis for production and sales was laid by a shipping association (chair: Mr. Naito).

• しかし、一人あたりの耕地面積は狭く、農家は零細的経営を余儀なくされたため、農村の貧困状態を根本的に改善することはできなかった。
• However, as the area under cultivation per farmer was small and the farmers were forced to manage small farms, the poverty of the farmers was never fundamentally improved.

• 農機具などが近代化される前の日本の農耕社会においては、強い働き手となる逞しい男性の存在が農家に最も求められる最重要課題であった。
• In the agrarian society in Japan where farming equipment had not been modernized, it was the most necessary and important issue for farmer's families to have strong and tough men who worked hard.

• {{plural:|one=ベテランサトウキビ農家|other=ベテランサトウキビ農家|default=ベテランサトウキビ農家}}
• {{plural:%number%|one=Master Sugar Planter|other=Master Sugar Planters|default=Master Sugar Planter}}

• また副業として手延べ素麺を製造している兼業農家も多く、その手延べ素麺は日本三大手延べ素麺“三輪素麺”として全国に知られ愛好者も多い。
• Many part-time farmers produce hand-stretched fine white noodles as their side business, and the noodles are famous as 'Miwa Somen,' one of the three greatest hand-stretched fine noodles in Japan and are greatly loved.

• 茅葺や藁葺のかまどを併設する農家や茶室建築の入母屋屋根の妻は、壁の変わりに開口し格子を設けて「煙ぬき」という換気口とすることがある。
• The gables of irimoya style roofs used for farmhouse and tea house buildings with an attached furnace thatched with grass or straw sometimes have an opening with a lattice for ventilation, called a 'kemurinuki,' instead of the wall.

• 裸祭に神木の取り合い等の闘争が多いのも、闘争能力の高さが男性の強さや生殖能力を象徴し、農家でより強い働き手であることを示すものでもある。
• The naked festival often involves battles such as a battle over a sacred tree and so on, because the ability to win in such a battle symbolizes the strength and the reproductive capability and such ability suggests that the man can make a better worker in a farmer's family.

• 敏達天皇の頃、尾張国阿育知郡片輪里（現・愛知県名古屋市中区 (名古屋市)古渡町付近）のある農家に、落雷と共に子供の姿の雷神が落ちてきた。
• During the reign by Emperor Bidatsu, Raijin (God of Lightning) having the appearance of a child fell down with lightning on a certain farmhouse in Ayuchi no kori, Ayuchi no kori, Owari Province (near present-day Furuwatari-cho, Naka Ward, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture).

• 1968年に東京・多摩地区の農家の土蔵から発見されて有名になった「五日市憲法」は地方における民権運動の高まりと思想的な深化を示している。
• The 'Itsukaichi Draft Constitution,' which is known to have been found at a warehouse owned by a farmer in Tama area, Tokyo in 1968, signifies how the movement powerfully and deeply permeated in the local areas.

• 2008年、富山県の農家の蔵から国芳を中心とした歌川派の版木が368枚発見され、購入した国立歴史民俗博物館により2009年に公開された。
• In 2008, 368 printing woodblocks of the UTAGAWA school including Kuniyoshi's were found in the storehouse of a farmer in Toyama Prefecture, and the National Museum of Japanese History which bought these woodblocks exhibited them to the public in 2009.

• 信濃国（現・長野県）下水内郡飯山に、母子2人暮しの農家があったが、息子が病気になって「蜘蛛が来る、蜘蛛が来る」と言って苦しむようになった。
• In Iiyama, Shimominochi County, Shinano Province (present-day Nagano Prefecture), there was a farm family of the mother and the son, and when the son became ill, he began to suffer saying, 'A spider is coming, it's coming.'

• 具体的には、農家でありながら、縁日や市の立つ日や祭り時には、福飴や餅などを製造し販売していて、それが何代にも継承されている事があげられる。
• More specifically, farmers make and sell good luck candies and sticky rice cakes during festivals, markets, and fairs, having passed down the business over several generations.

• 温暖で温泉地でもある湯河原は柑橘の産地でもあり消費地としても盛んなため、一年中小売できるように一つの畑で数十品種を栽培している農家も多い。
• With its mild climate and hot spring area, Yugawara is not only a growing area of citrus but also a consuming area, and there are many farmers who grow more than several dozen cultivars in one orchard to retail the products throughout the year.

• 江戸時代に東海道五十三次の51番目の宿場として栄えた石部宿の、関所の門、農家、旅籠、商家、茶店、蔵、八石教会所など往時街並み再現している。
• During the Edo Period, Ishibe-juku flourished as the 51st of 53 stations along the Tokaido Road, and it has been restored to its former state, complete with checkpoint, farms, ryokan inn, merchant residences, a tea house, a storehouse, a Hachikoku Kyokai and the like.

• この時期には『農家益』や『農業全書』などの農業技術書が多く出版されたが、田守たちが伝承してきた技術が学問として体系化された時期でもあった。
• In this period, many books on agricultural techniques, such as 'Noka eki (farming handbook)' and 'Nogyo zensho (Compendia of agricultural knowledge),' were published and the techniques that had been handed down by the tamori were recorded systematically.

• 千利休は晩年にいたって草庵風の茶を完成させ、田園的・山間的情趣を表現の主題とし、茶の室は農家の藁屋を、茶庭は山寺への道の趣を表そうとしている。
• SEN no Rikyu completed thatched style (country-like) tea in his last years, with pastoral and mountainous sentiment as the subject of expression, in which a tea room would express a farmer's straw-thatched house and a tea garden, a taste of the road to a mountain temple.

• 古典の随筆『二川随筆』に記述があり、和泉国岸和田市（現・大阪府岸和田市）の農家にある油徳利が、生活に必要な油を5年間に渡って出し続けたという。
• In 'Nisenzuihitsu,'a Japanese classic essay, it is written that abura tokkuri of a farm family in Kishiwada City, Izumi Province (present-day Kishiwada City, Osaka Prefecture) kept serving oil that the family needed for as long as five years.

• この形態を農醸一貫などといい、自ら稲作も兼ねている酒蔵を自栽蔵、もしくはブドウから栽培するフランスのワイン農家になぞらえてドメーヌ蔵などという。
• Such a system is called 'nojo ikkan' (integration of growing and brewing), and breweries that grow rice by themselves are called 'jisaigura' (breweries growing rice) or 'domaine' breweries, being likened to French wineries that grow wine grapes.

• 元々は田舎料理で主に農家などで作られていたものであったが、時期が経つにつれ様々な階層にも次第に普及し、やがて日本人の食卓に欠かせないものになる。
• Originally it was country cooking mainly done by farmers, but gradually spread among various classes of people and became essential on Japanese tables.

• また現実の農業従事者は必ずしも百姓という呼称を差別的だととらえているとは限らず、むしろ一部の篤農家は自らを誇ってあえて百姓と自称する向きも見られる。
• It is not always true that actual agriculture workers considered the term 'hyakusho' as discriminatory, and some practical farmers who are proud of themselves, call themselves hyakusho.

• そのために演目とすることがはばかられた徳川将軍家や、内訌の規模が小さい江戸幕府の旗本や商家、農家におけるもめごとはお家騒動とは認知されていなかった。
• For this reason, feuds involving the Tokugawa shogun household which had been regarded taboo to be performed as plays and households of smaller scale such as those of hatamoto retainers, merchants and farming households were not recognized as 'oie-sodo.'

• かつては一般の農家でも砂糖作りが盛んであったが、昔ながらの手作業で製造しているのは、徳島県内では現在、岡田製糖所（徳島県板野郡上板町泉谷）のみである。
• Formerly, sugar was widely produced by ordinary farmers; however, at present, only Okada Seitojo (sugar refinery) (Izumiya, Kamiita-cho, Itaya-gun, Tokushima Prefecture) preserves the traditional way of hand-made sugar.

• 福知山の特産品である丹波栗などを含む農作物が狙われ、年度によって深刻な被害を農家へもたらすこともあり、檻の共同オーナーを募集するNPO法人も存在する。
• Since these wild animals consume agricultural products including the Tanba chestnut, one of the specialty goods of Fukuchiyama, in some years they have sometimes caused serious damage to farmers; as a result, there is an incorporated nonprofit organization seeking joint owners for a 'cage.'

• また、1963年に中国地方を襲った昭和38年1月豪雪で、中国山地の農村から一家で離村し、高度経済成長期の広島市に移住した農家の主婦が開業した例も多い。
• And due to the extraordinarily heavy snowfall which struck the Chugoku region in January 1963, many families left farming villages in mountain areas of the Chugoku region and moved to Hiroshima City during the high economic growth period, where many farmers' wives opened shops.

• もっとそばには、赤い屋根の、白い土台と点のような四角い窓をもつ、幅広の農家が、森の端の、ブナノキの茂った葉の壁に触れるように、うずくまって建っている。
• Nearer, a red- roofed, broad farm with white base and square dots of windows crouched beside the wall of beech foliage on the wood's edge.

• しかし、香淳皇后はかなりおっとりした性格で、学齢まで東京近郊の高円寺近くの農家に里子として逞しく育てられた貞明皇后とは、根本的に価値観の不一致があった。
• However, the Empress Kojun had an extremely unpretentious character, and on the other hand, the Empress Teimei had grown up in a brawny manner until her school age, because she was placed into nursery care with a farmer's family who lived near Koen-ji Temple in the suburbs of Tokyo: therefore, the two of them were fundamentally different in values.

• 収穫直前の台風などで稲が倒れた場合は、稲を起こせば何とか収穫できる程度の損害であっても、篤農家は酒米作りの名人としてプライドがあるため米を蔵に売らない。
• If the rice plants are flattened due to a typhoon just before harvesting, the farmer doesn't sell rice to the brewery because of their pride as an expert in rice production, even if the degree of damage is such that a harvest could be expected by making the plants stand.

• 民家（みんか）とは、一般の庶民が暮らす住まいのことだが、特に建築史や民俗学で、伝統的な様式で造られた農家、町家の類を指す（年代の古いものは古民家とも）。
• Minka are houses lived in by ordinary people, but in architectural history or in ethnology, minka means noka or machiya that are built with traditional designs (old ones are also called kominka) in particular.

• そのため、東寺周辺の農家の人々は東寺の縁日にあたる21日は葱畑に入らないようになり、その日に葱を食べると一家に不幸が起こるという言い伝えがあったという。
• Therefore, it is said that the farmers around To-ji Temple stopped entering the leek filed on the 21st, the fete day of To-ji Temple, and there was a tradition that eating leeks on that day caused misfortunes to the whole family.

• というのもドロシーはひろいカンザスの平原にすわっていて、目の前にはヘンリーおじさんが、古い家を竜巻にもっていかれた後で建てた新しい農家があったからです。
• For she was sitting on the broad Kansas prairie, and just before her was the new farmhouse Uncle Henry built after the cyclone had carried away the old one.

• こうした篤農家には歴史的百姓層が自らさまざまな生業を兼ね、またモノカルチャー化を避けて多様な農作物を栽培したことの復権にアイデンティティーをおく者もいる。
• Some of these practical farmers find their identity in revival of the fact that people of the historical hyakusho class engaged in various vocations and grew various crops to avoid monoculture.

• また製糖業者保護のために「原料採集区域制度」を導入、甘蔗農家は付近の製糖工場への作物納入が義務付けられ、またその価格は工場側が決定するというものであった。
• It also introduced the 'raw material collection area system' to protect the sugar manufacturers, system in which the sugarcane farmers were required to supply their products to the sugar manufacturing factories in their neighborhood at a price determined by them.

• これまで経済栽培としては神奈川県や千葉県が北限とされていたが、2007年12月に新潟県佐渡島の農家が早生種の「興津早生」など約１トンを出荷し話題となった。
• Although up until now, northern limit of commercial growing of mikan was said to be Kanagawa and Chiba Prefectures, 1 ton of a Wase cultivar, 'Okitsu wase' and so on were shipped by farms in Sadogashima Island, Niigata Prefecture in December 2007 and it was in the news.

• 愛媛のミカンジュースと言えば前述のポンジュースが有名であるが、他にも農家ごとに別々に瓶詰めされたムテンカが雑誌やテレビで紹介され、通販の人気商品になった。
• When it comes to mikan juice in Ehime, you cannot beat the aforementioned Pom Juice, however, 'Mutenka' (No additives) bottled by each farmer was introduced in magazines and on TV and became a hot item in catalog sales.

• しかし、給食制度が一般化し、高度経済成長を経て日本が名実共に先進国の仲間入りをすると農家の経済状態も向上し、今日では欠食児童という言葉は死語になりつつある。
• When a school lunch program was generalized and Japan became one of the advanced countries both in name and reality through the high economic growth, the economic conditions for the farmers were improved and the word of 'Poorly-fed Children' became obsolete today.

• 生食を前提にしている日本では、鶏卵農家が卵の完全洗浄など衛生管理全般が行き届いているが、それでもサルモネラ食中毒が近年増加傾向にあり、一定の注意が必要である。
• In Japan where eggs are premised to be eaten raw, poultry farms perform a thorough hygienic control including a perfect cleaning of eggs, but still salmonella poisoning is increasing these years and some caution is required.

• 例えば武士や名主クラスの農家では、床の間などを造ることが許されたが、庶民が床の間を造ることや瓦葺屋根にすることなどは贅沢だとして禁止されることが一般的だった。
• For example, samurai and farmers in the nanushi (village headman) class were permitted to provide tokonoma (alcove in a traditional Japanese room where art or flowers are displayed), but the common people were generally prohibited from providing tokonoma and tiled roofs, because they were too extravagant for the common people.

• 愛蔵は、明治3年長野県安曇郡白金村（後に穂高町、現安曇野市）の農家に生まれ、長野県松本深志高等学校を3年で退学し、東京専門学校（早稲田大学の前身）に入学した。
• Aizo was born in a farmer's family in Shirogane Village, Azumi County, Nagano Prefecture (later, Hotaka-cho Town, currently Azumino City) in 1870, and dropped out Matsumoto Fukashi High School, Nagano Prefecture at the 3rd grade, and enrolled in Tokyo Senmon Gakko (the predecessor of Waseda University).

• 現在の町並みは愛宕神社 (京都市)の門前町として発展したもので、化野念仏寺を境に瓦屋根の町家風民家が並ぶ下地区と茅葺きの農家が多い上地区と二つの風景が共存する。
• The area, which developed as a Monzen-machi or a temple town of Atago-jinja Shrine, has two different townscapes with Adashino Nenbutsu-ji Temple as the boundary: Shimo-chiku characterized by Machiya (tradesmen's houses) with tiled roof and Kami-chiku characterized by farmhouses with thatched roof.

• これは生産者に課税を行い、これを販売・輸出業者に対して価格転嫁させようという意図の下に導入されたものだが、これに反発した生産農家による「世直し一揆」が勃発した。
• Although the aim of this system was that imposing tax on producers would lead them to shift the increased burden for taxation onto salespeople and exporters for prices, this provoked agricultural producers into raising a reform riot.

• 電動餅つき機は大量の餅を作る精米店や餅菓子を販売する和菓子店、高齢化が進んだ農家等で人手が足りず人力による餅つきができなくなってきた場合により多く利用されている。
• Electric mochi pounding machines are used more where workers are insufficient and mochi pounding by human labor is impossible in a rice store having a rice mill which produces a large amount of mochi, a Japanese-cake store which sells mochi cakes, a farming household whose workers are already aged, etc.

• このような保護政策の下、日本の財閥も台湾糖業への投資を行い製糖が次々に設立され、台湾の伝統的な糖業は大きな打撃を受け、また甘蔗農家の収入が抑圧される事態が続いた。
• Under these protection policies, the Japanese Zaibatsu (company syndicate) began investing in the sugar manufacturing industry and setting up sugar manufacturing factories, which situation was a blow to the traditional sugar manufacturing in Taiwan and suppressed the income of the sugarcane farmers.

• わかりやすい例を出せば、「酒米の王様」と呼ばれる山田錦も、どの土地で、どの土壌で、どの農法で、どの篤農家によって栽培されたかによって、品質はピンからキリまである。
• As an easy-to-understand example, even for Yamada nishiki, which is called the 'king of sakamai,' there are many grades of quality depending on the land, soil and growing method as well as the farmer.

• 永谷 宗円（ながたに そうえん、天和 (日本)元年（1681年） - 安永7年（1778年））は山城国宇治田原郷湯屋谷村（現京都府綴喜郡宇治田原町湯屋谷）の農家。
• Soen NAGATANI (1681 -1778) was a farmer who lived in Yuyatani Village, Ujitawarago, Yamashiro Province (present Yuyatani, Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto Prefecture).

• 林遠里（はやし　おんり、1831年3月8日（天保2年1月24日（旧暦）） - 1906年（明治39年）1月30日）は、福岡県生まれの老農（篤農家）・農業技術指導者。
• Onri HAYASHI (March 3, 1831 - January 30, 1906) was a Rono (Tokunoka [a well-experienced, exemplary good farmer]) and leader of agricultural techniques, who was born in Fukuoka Prefecture.

• しかし日本の伝統文化として復活と存続を望む声が多かったため、タバコ農家に在来種の栽培再開を依頼し、1銘柄（『こいき』）ではあるが昔ながらの良質の刻みタバコが復活した。
• Because of growing demand for the revival and survival of the shredded tobacco as Japanese traditional culture, however, tobacco farmers were asked to resume cultivation of domestic varieties and then only one brand ('koiki') came back as traditional quality shredded tobacco.

• 天之日津久神社に参拝し、自動書記も終えて無人の社務所で休んでいた時に籠を背負った農家風の老婆が現れ天明と親しくなり、社務所にあった御神酒を2人で平らげてしまったという。
• When Tenmei visited Ame no Hitsuku-jinja Shrine and took a rest at the shrine office after the automatic writing, he met an old woman carrying a basket on her back and became friends with her and drank up sacred rice wine together with her there.

• 近年は、農家の自家需要などで生存していた品種を、産地の地域おこしとして取り入れ、近傍の都市向けには地産地消商品、大都市圏向けにはスローフード商品とする戦略などがみられる。
• One of the strategies used in recent years is to take the indigenous varieties of vegetables, which had been grown solely for the farmer's own consumption, and incorporate them into the local market to reinvigorate the producer areas, sell them to neighboring cities as local produce, and ship them to metropolitan areas as 'slow-food' products.

• 江戸時代も中頃になると、品種改良や農業技術の進歩により、農家の中に現金収入を得られるものが増え、新たな知識や見聞、物品を求めて旅をしようと思い立つものが現れるようになった。
• In the middle of the Edo period, the variety of improvement and development of agricultural technologies led to an increase in the number of peasants who earned cash and gave rise to those who decided to go on a journey in search of new knowledge, experience, and products.

• 一方、篳篥は穴の間隔が近く、使う素材は枯れて古く乾燥し、農家の囲炉裏の天井で 300 年～ 350 年、日々の生活の中で燻（いぶ）されたスス竹であるため非常に堅く割れやすい。
• However, the Hichiriki flute requires a close distance between the holes, the material is blighted, old, and dried, and it is bamboo that has been smoked in the ceiling above a fireplace (a sunken hearth) in a farmhouse in daily life for three hundred to three hundred fifty years, so it is very hard and fragile.

• 現代では農家や手工業者のように、伝統的に土間で行われていた作業を家内産業として営む者は、庭など屋外の別空間を簡易的な屋根で覆うことにより、その役割を代替する事が多くなっている。
• Today, people who traditionally did their work in the doma of their own house, such as farmers and craftsmen, have increasingly come to replace the role of doma with a separate outdoor space, such as the yard, covered with a simple roof.

• 古民家には、その使用目的や時代、地域、気候など諸条件によって多くの建築様式があり、使用目的に限っても農家、庄屋屋敷、一般民家（都市部の民家）、商家、武家民家、建家屋敷などがある。
• There are many styles of kominka architecture depending on the purpose, period, region, climate and other factors, and there is considerable variety just within their function, being used as farm houses, the residences of village headmen, ordinary urban houses, mercantile houses, residences of samurai families and so on.

• 1943年正月、野田は雌岡山（後の西区 (神戸市)神出町）の頂に立ち、農家が点在するだけの処女地に満州で見た新京の町づくりをダブらせ、港の後背地として理想的な新都市建設を夢見る。
• On the New Year's Holidays of 1943, when Noda stood on the top of Mt. Mekko-san (later Kande-cho, Nishi Ward [Kobe City]) and looked around, the virgin land only dotted with farmer's houses appeared to him to overlap the construction of the town of Shinkyo (Xingjing) he had seen in Manchuria, and so he dreamed the construction of the ideal new city as the region lying inland from the port.

• 古代インドにおいては絶対的所有権の概念が存在せず、自給自足に近い生活を送る零細農家が森林を開発して田畑とした者が土地の所有者となり、国王に租税を納めることでその耕作権が保障された。
• In ancient India there did not exist the concept of absolute property right and the small farm house, which was self-sufficient, developed the forest, made it a field, became the owner of the land and was guaranteed the right to cultivate it by paying taxes to the king.

• また「指定統計第26号『農林業センサス』」によると2000年の時点で旧月ヶ瀬村には約5.6ヘクタール（56 km2）の農業用梅林が存在し、21戸の農家がウメを栽培しているとされる。
• According to the 'Designated Statistics No. 26 'Census of Agriculture and Forestry,'' as of 2000 the former Tsukigase Village had approximately 5.6 hectares (56 sq.km) of agricultural plum fields managed by 21 farms.

• 1988年（昭和63年）頃、昔からあった在来種を栽培していた農家と、水田の裏作として栽培していた個々の農家が集まり協議会活動を開始、本格的な蕎麦栽培が広がり始めたが収穫量は少ない。
• Around 1988, farmers who had been growing the local variety of buckwheat and those who had been growing buckwheat in paddy fields during the off-season got together to begin consultation activities and a full-scale buckwheat farming consequently started to spread but the crop yields have been small.

• 現在は、酒蔵が酒米を作る篤農家と契約栽培を結ぶときには、酒米の質を落とさないために、できた米1俵単位で契約するものではなく、はじめに田の面積1反あたりいくらで契約するのが通例である。
• Currently, when a brewery makes an arrangement with a farmer who produces sakamai, they don't contract on the unit of a bag of rice but usually on the basis of the area of the rice field with the unit of one tan in order not to degrade the quality of rice.

• 1987年（昭和62年）に地域おこしの一環として当時の豊平町長や農協を中心に町役場（当時）職員や農家や町民達によって、新たに江戸流の更科系を取り入れた白いそばによる町おこし活動が始まる。
• In 1987, as part of the regional development, the town hall staff of the time, farming families and town people, with the then mayor of Toyohira-cho and agricultural cooperative taking the lead, started activities related to the Edo style white buckwheat noodles by newly bringing in the Sarashina variety as a flagship item for the economic development projects in the area.

• 1875年（明治7年）に地租改正により、農家が納める税金は米から金に変わり、農家では収量を重視するようになり、米の品質が落ちてきたが、一方で、酒の需要が増加し、蔵本では酒米を確保しようとした。
• Because of the land-tax reform in 1875, the tax paid by farmers changed from rice to money, and farmers began to make a point of the harvest volume to reduce the quality of rice while demand for sake increased to have Kuramoto endeavor to secure rice for brewing sake.

• 江戸時代後期の文政年間、聖護院の東の黒谷という場所に金戒光明寺という寺院が在り、この寺院に尾張から大根が奉納され、聖護院の農家がその大根を貰いうけ、何年も育てていると、何故か丸くなってしまったと言う。
• During the Bunsei era in the latter part of the Edo period, this daikon was given to Konkaikomyo-ji Temple in Kurotani district in the east of Shogoin district, as an offering from Owari Province; when a farmer in Shogoin district was given the daikon and grew it for years, the shape somehow changed to a round shape.

• 第一次世界大戦の影響による好景気（大戦景気）は都市部の人口増加、工業労働者の増加をもたらしたほか、養蚕業などによる収入の増加があった農家は、これまでのムギやヒエといった食生活から米を食べる生活に変化していった。
• The booming economy affected by the First World War (War economy) caused not only population growth of urban areas and an increase of industrial laborers but also a change of a diet that farmers whose income was increased by sericultural industry and so on started to eat rice, not barley or barnyard millet that they had used to have.

• そして、ネロとパトラッシュがアントワープにミルクを運ぶためにミルクを集荷している農家の家々では、これまではにこにこ笑って明るく挨拶してくれていたのに、今ではろくに顔も上げず、ぶっきらぼうな言葉しかかけませんでした。
• and at the cottages and farms where Nello and Patrasche called every morning for the milk for Antwerp, downcast glances and brief phrases replaced to them the broad smiles and cheerful greetings to which they had been always used.

• その反省から、1990年代以降は自前の酒米用農地（田んぼ）を持ち、春から秋にかけては米作りを、秋から春にかけては酒造りをおこなう蔵や、酒米作りを専門とする農家と栽培契約をむすび一体化した生産体制に切り替える蔵が急増している。
• Consequent upon the foregoing, since 1990s, the number of breweries that have their own agricultural land (paddy fields) in which to produce sakamai and carry out rice growing from spring to autumn and sake brewing from autumn to spring, and other breweries that conclude contracts for growing to unify their production systems, has rapidly increased.

• 食糧が豊かになってきたことや農家の高齢化が進んできた事で昭和30年代後半にはソバ栽培が衰退していったが、1984年（昭和59年）地産地消の三瓶そば復活を目指した有志によって「九一そばの会」が結成され、ソバ栽培や加工が復活した。
• With the abundant food supplies and aging farming population, in the early 1960's, cultivation of soba declined but, in 1984, 'Kuichi Soba no Kai' (Kuichi Soba Society) was formed by volunteers with an intent to revive Sanbe soba based on the idea of local consumption of locally produced products whereby soba farming and processing were brought back to life.

• 例えば、地租の算定における一般的な農家の経営の基準を商業生産的な家族経営による拡大再生産が行われている農家とし、また地主と小作人は自由契約による小作関係によって成立しており小作料の増減は地租の増減に対応することを前提として立法された。
• For example, the standard of management of common farming household in calculation of land-tax was made to be a farming household in which expanded reproduction was done by family-run commercial production and that landlords and tenant farmers were linked by free contract tenant farming; and the increase and decrease of farm rent were legalized on the assumption that the increase and decrease of the rent corresponded to the increase and decrease of land-tax.

• そして彼は今、先駆けて農家のところでぐるりと向き変えた大尉の、馬の背に乗った立派な風貌──緋色の襟章のついた、淡青の軍服の品格ある大尉の姿を、それから、黒いヘルメットと剣の鞘の鈍いひらめきと、絹のような馬の鹿毛につく汗の暗い濡れた筋とを、眼にした。
• And he saw the fine figure of the Captain wheeling on horseback at the farm-house ahead, a handsome figure in pale blue uniform with facings of scarlet, and the metal gleaming on the black helmet and the sword-scabbard, and dark streaks of sweat coming on the silky bay horse.

• このことは予期せぬ野火に至る恐れがあったり、農家の減少で藁が十分に集められない、若者がサラリーマン化して日程の都合がつかないな、ダムの建設で山間部を離れる、過疎化や近代化など多くの古来からのそれぞれの地域の慣習や行事が消えて行く事と共通するものがある。
• The reasons for this, which have also caused many other time-honored customs and events to disappear, include: concern about unexpected bush fire, lack of straw caused by a decrease in the farming population, changing life style of young men who are busy as office workers, construction of dams which drive villagers out of mountainous regions, depopulation and modernization.

• 低迷からの模索が図られ始めた昭和60年（1985年）ごろに、県内「福寿海」の中川酒造と「日置桜」の山根酒造場が、鳥取大学農学部に資料として残されていた一握りの種籾を譲り受け、農家の協力を得て復刻開始、平成2年（1990年）に醪一本分の収量を得るに到った。
• Around 1985, when efforts for recovery from stagnation began, Nakagawa Shuzo, the producer of 'Fukujukai' and Yamane Shuzojo, the producer of 'Hiokizakura,' both breweries being in Tottori Prefecture, were given a handful of seed rice that had been kept as materials in the Faculty of Agriculture at Tottori University and started their revival with cooperation by farmers; in 1990, the yield reached a quantity sufficient to produce a minimum unit of moromi.

• 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定による都道府県への交付金の交付については、各都道府県の農家数、農地面積及び市町村数を基礎とし、各都道府県において植物の検疫、防除及び発生予察事業を緊急に行うことの必要性等を考慮して政令で定める基準に従つて決定しなければならない。
• With regard to the subsidy to be granted to prefectures pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall decide it in accordance with the standards provided for in a Cabinet Order on the basis of the number of farming households, area of agricultural land, number of municipalities and other factors, and taking the necessity for each prefecture to carry out urgent quarantine of plants, Control and Prevalence Reconnaissance Business, etc., into consideration.

• 養蚕農家の多くは毎年の生糸の売上げをあてにして金を借り、食料の米麦その他の生活物資等を外部から購入していたため、生糸市場の暴落と増税等が重なるとたちまち困窮の度を深め、他の各地と同様、その窮状につけこんだ銀行や高利貸等が彼らの生活をさらに悲惨なものにしていた。
• Because many of silk-raising farmers, depending on their annual sales of raw silk, borrowed money for buying rice and wheat for food and other daily commodities and so on, the heavy fall of the raw silk market and increased taxes put them in further poverty as in other regions, and banks, usurers and so on, taking advantage of their poverty, made their lives more miserable.

• 日本におけるどぶろく作りの歴史は米作とほぼ同起源であると云われるが、明治時代においては政府の主要な税収源であった酒造税（1940年以後、酒税）の収入を減らす要因であるとして、農家などで自家生産・自家消費されていたどぶろく作りが酒税法により禁止され、現在に至っている。
• It is said that in Japan, the origin of the history of Doburoku production is almost the same as that of rice production, but the production of Doburoku, which used to be made in farm houses, etc. for personal consumption, was forbidden by the Liquor Tax Act as a factor for reducing brewery tax (liquor tax before 1940) revenues, which were major tax revenues for the government in the Meiji period and is still forbidden to the present date.

• しかし第二次世界大戦になると食糧不足解消のため、桑畑をサツマイモ畑に転作したことや、糸そのものの価格の低下、ナイロンなどの化学繊維の出現や養蚕農家の後継者不足と高齢化などのさまざまな理由によって養蚕業の衰退を招き、これらをきっかけにほとんどの養蚕農家や製糸業者は廃業に追い込まれた。
• However, when the World War II broke out, sericulture declined due to various reasons, including changes in crop (from mulberry to sweet potato) to prevent food shortages, price reduction of yarn itself, the appearance of chemical fibers such as nylon fibers, lack of successors in silk-raising farmers, aging of silk-raising farmers, etc., all factors leading to a decline and the eventual closeout by silk-raising farmers and yarn-making companies.

• ここであえて特筆すべきはこれら大手メーカーとは別に、比較的中規模から、家族経営のもの、原料の葡萄は農家や海外より全て買い入れて醸造だけを行うものまで、日本国内には数多くのワイン醸造業者があり、それぞれがそれぞれの経営・生産方針に則り、小規模ながらも多くの銘柄を産出しているということである。
• It is notable here that, aside from these large producers, there are a number of winemakers in Japan, from small to medium sized winemakers, family run winemakers to winemakers who purchase raw materials (grapes) from farmers or overseas and do only wine production and each winemaker follows its own management and production policies and produces many brands though they are small-sized.

• それでも生き残った数少ない業者も業界の激しい値下げ競争により、生産拠点を人件費が安い海外へ移さざるを得なくなったことがさらに追い討ちをかけ、その業者の一つであったグンゼも2001年9月に福知山から撤退するなど、特産品であった生糸も現在は養蚕農家を市内大江町に一軒だけ残すのみとなり、上述の藍同様にほぼ完全に福知山から姿を消した。
• Due to severe price-cutting wars, the few surviving companies had to shift their production bases to other countries where personnel expenses were lower, which enhanced decline, and with respect to raw silk which was the specialty of Fukuchiyama, only one silk-raising farmer now remains in Oe-machi in the city; this is due to the fact that Gunze, one such company, withdrew from Fukuchiyama in September 2001, leading to the almost complete extinction of raw silk from Fukuchiyama much like the aforementioned case of indigo.

• しかし、松方デフレ等の影響で没落した農家・地主たちや疲弊した地方を尻目に官営事業の払下げで急速に力をつけてきた政商資本家の台頭という資本主義経済における自由競争の負の部分が顕在化しつつあった当時の状況や、大日本帝国憲法では天皇制を定め、近代天皇制国家の形成が進められていたことから、施行延期派を支持する声が段々と強まるようになっていく。
• However, more and more people supported the Seko-enki-ha Group, because of the then situation that in spite of peasants and landowners who were brought to ruin and local regions impoverished by Matsukata Deflation, and the appearance of businessmen with political ties who were rapidly increasing power by getting government properties cheaply, a negative part of free competition in capitalist economy, and the fact that in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan the Emperor system was adopted and the formation of the modern Emperor-system nation was on going.