農: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 木製農耕具
- Wooden agricultural tools
- 農村の振興
- Development of Rural Areas
- 観光、農業
- Sightseeing, agriculture
- 農業・林業
- Agricultural industry and forest industry
- Agriculture and forestry
- 江戸期の勧農
- The kanno during the Edo period
- 自給自足農業
- subsistence agriculture
- 農業協同組合法
- Agricultural Co-operatives Act;
- 農業者等の努力
- Efforts of Farmers
- (農林水産省)
- (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries)
- (農事暦参照)
- (Refer to Noji reki (agricultural calendar))
- 農業基本法の廃止
- Abolition of the Agricultural Basic Act
- 農村の総合的な振興
- Comprehensive Development of Rural Areas
- 都市と農村の交流等
- Exchange between Urban Areas and Rural Areas
- 農業の持続的な発展
- Sustainable Agricultural Development
- 日本農林規格の制定
- Enactment of Japanese Agricultural Standards
- 荘園制における勧農
- Kanno in shoen (manor) system
- 農業生産の基盤の整備
- Improvement of Agricultural Production Base
- 農林水産省開発の酒米
- Sakamai developed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF)
- 農業者等の努力の支援
- Support Provided to the Efforts of Farmers
- 道の駅農匠の郷やくの
- Michi-no-eki Rest Area, Agricultural Craftsman's Home Yakuno
- Nosho no Sato Yakuno roadside station
- 農村の振興に関する施策
- Policies for Development of Rural Areas
- 高齢農業者の活動の促進
- Promotion of Activities by Elderly Farmers
- 農地の確保及び有効利用
- Securing of Farmland and Its Effective Use
- 望ましい農業構造の確立
- Establishment of Desirable Agriculture
- 株式会社農業法人ふるる
- Fururufarm Inc.
- 食料・農業・農村基本法
- Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas Basic Act
- 日本農林規格による格付
- Grading in Accordance with the Japanese Agricultural Standards
- 地侍など兵農未分離の層
- The Class that Served as Farmers and Samurai such as jizamurai (local samurai)
- 農山村で広く使われた。
- It was widely used in rural districts.
- 農業生産組織の活動の促進
- Promotion of Activities of Agricultural Production Organizations
- 食料・農業・農村基本計画
- Basic Plan for Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas
- 同県農業試験場にて交配。
- It was cross-fertilized in the agricultural experiment station of Aomori Prefecture.
- 農林水産大臣に対する申出
- Report to the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
- 日本農林規格の呼称の禁止
- Prohibition of Reference to the Japanese Agricultural Standards
- 農業:柚子と銀杏が中心。
- Agriculture: Chiefly yuzu citrus and gingko
- 日本の農山村における蕎麦
- Soba in rural Japan.
- 農業災害による損失の補てん
- Agricultural Disaster Compensation
- 農産物の輸出入に関する措置
- Measures for Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products
- 内閣総理大臣 農林水産大臣
- Prime Minister; Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
- 農林水産大臣 内閣総理大臣
- Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Prime Minister
- 京都府農業資源研究センター
- The Kyoto Prefectural agricultural resource research center
- 京都府立大学農学部附属農場
- The agricultural department of Kyoto Prefectural University farmland
- 中部(中丹)--農業、林業
- The central area (Chutan): agricultural industry, forest industry
- 指定農林物資に係る名称の表示
- Indication of Name pertaining to Specified Agricultural and Forestry Products
- 日用品や農具、織物や紙など。
- Products included everyday items, farming tools, textiles, and paper.
- 詳しくは農奴制の項目を参照。
- See the details in the section on the serf system.
- 農業資材の生産及び流通の合理化
- Rationalization of Production and Distribution of Agricultural Materials
- 農産物の価格の形成と経営の安定
- Pricing of Agricultural Products and Stabilization of Farm Management
- 農業の持続的な発展に関する施策
- Policy on Sustainable Agricultural Development
- 品種の属する農林水産植物の種類
- the genus or species of the agricultural, forestry or aquatic plant to which the variety belongs;
- その他農林水産省令で定める基準
- Any other standard prescribed by Ordinances of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 日帰り農園(21区画/年間契約)
- Allotment gardens for single-day users: Twenty-one land parcels, yearly rent
- 日本農林規格の確認、改正及び廃止
- Confirmation, Amendment and Abolishment of Japanese Agricultural Standards
- 中丹広域農道(福知山市~綾部市)
- Chutan large-scale agricultural roads (between Fukuchiyama City and Ayabe City)
- 細田家住宅 - 奈良一古い農家。
- Hosoda House - The oldest farm in Nara Prefecture
- 奥宇陀広域農道(やまなみロード)
- Okuuda Koiki Nodo road (Yamanami Road)
- 第四章 食料・農業・農村政策審議会
- Chapter4 The Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies
- 彼は栽培には農薬を一切使いません。
- He never uses chemicals in his farming.
- いよいよ今年の農作業が始まります。
- Farming this year will finally begin.
- 1973年、農林水産省による開発。
- In 1973, developed by MAFF
- 1972年、農林水産省による開発。
- In 1972, developed by MAFF
- 出願品種の属する農林水産植物の種類
- the genus or species of the agricultural, forestry or aquatic plant to which the applied variety belongs;
- 鎌倉時代から農業生産力が向上する。
- Agricultural production began to increase starting in the Kamakura period.
- 格付の表示の付してある農林物資の輸入
- Imports of Grade Labeled Agricultural and Forestry Products
- 農民が起こした初めての一揆でもある。
- It was the first peasant uprising.
- 格付の表示の付してある農林物資の輸入等
- Imports of Grade Labeled Agricultural and Forestry Products, etc.
- 登録認定機関が認定を行う農林物資の種類
- Division of agricultural and forestry product that the Registered Certifying Body is to perform the Certification;
- 区成立当時は大部分が農村地帯であった。
- It was for the most part a rural area when it was established.
- 同県立農事試験場にて在来種より純系分離。
- The Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station conducted pure-line selection from local varieties.
- 同県農業試験場にて山田錦/華吹雪を交配。
- The agricultural experiment station of Aomori Prefecture cross-fertilized Yamada nishiki/Hanafubuki.
- 内閣総理大臣又は農林水産大臣に対する申出
- Report to the Prime Minister or the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
- また、生薬・漢方製剤の原材料農場ももつ。
- It also has a plantation for the gathering of raw materials for natural medicines and Chinese herbal preparations.
- 典型的な「保守的農村」であったと言える。
- It can be said that Tsuge-mura was a typical `conservative village.'
- 京都府南丹農業改良普及センター(南丹市)
- The Nantan Center of Kyoto Prefecture for Improving and Popularizing Agriculture (Nantan City)
- こんにゃく農家の保護・育成のために活動。
- The activity of this league is to protect and foster farmers who cultivate konnyaku in Japan.
- 残留農薬に関する調査が厳重化され始める。
- Tighter inspection on residual pesticides began.
- 農村の民家のほか、寺社建築に多く見られる。
- Other than private farm houses, many examples can be found amongst temple/shrine buildings.
- 同県立農事試験場にて辨慶1045より選抜。
- The Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station selected it from Benkei 1045.
- 秋の収納に対し、春の勧農ということもある。
- Sometimes it was called 'shuno' in fall and 'kanno' in spring.
- 農作物に砂が積もることによる不作を起こす。
- Kosa covers farm products with sand, causing bad harvests.
- 国内再統一の後、兵農分離、刀狩が行われた。
- After the nation was reunified, the policy of heinobunri (separation of the warrior class in the domain from its soil) and katanagari (swords collection) were implemented.
- 都や農村では能や田楽などの舞踊が発達した。
- Noh (traditional masked dance-drama) and dengaku (a style of dancing and music performed at agricultural festivals) developed in the capital and farming villages.
- 馬具、農耕具、金・銀製中空玉が出土している。
- Harnesses, farming tools, and hollow center beads made of gold and silver were found.
- 伊藤家は、作男を雇うほどの富裕農家であった。
- The Ito family was such a wealthy farming household that it employed farm hands.
- 奈良県大宇陀町の農村集落から収集した民俗資料
- Ethnic materials collected in village communities in Ouda-cho Town, Nara Prefecture.
- 同県立農事試験場にてたかね錦/山田錦を交配。
- The prefectural agricultural experiment station of Shizuoka Prefecture cross-fertilized Takane nishiki/Yamada nishiki.
- 農耕社会の成立によって地域集団が形成された。
- The establishment of an agriculture-based society generated local communities.
- 国道1号線より西側では近郊農業が盛んである。
- Suburban agriculture is active in the western part of National Route 1.
- 最寄り駅は南京地下鉄一号線、鼓楼・農業銀行駅。
- The closest subway station is Drum Tower and Agricultural Bank Station on Nanjing Subway Line 1.
- 41回臨時総代会が29日、農協会館で開かれた。
- The 41st extraordinary general meeting was held at the Agricultural Cooperative Hall on the 29th.
- 広域漁業調整委員会等に対する農林水産大臣の監督
- Supervision of Wide Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commissions, etc. by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister
- 日本農林規格登録認定機関という名称の使用の禁止
- Prohibition of Use of the Name of the Japanese Agricultural Standards Registered Certifying Body
- 農業の比率が高く、梨が名産品として定評がある。
- The agriculture makes up the highest rate of the its industry and pears have high reputation as its specialty.
- 運営は指定管理者の株式会社農業法人ふるるが行う。
- It is operated by Fururufarm Inc. which was designated to manage the farm.
- 山形県立村山農業高等学校が山田錦/金紋錦を交配。
- Yamagata Prefectural Murayama Agricultural High School cross-fertilized Yamada nishiki/Kinmon nishiki.
- 農林物資の規格化及び品質表示の適正化に関する法律
- Act on Standardization and Proper Quality Labeling of Agricultural and Forestry Products
- (出典「農林水産省統計・平成18年度茶生産量」)
- (Adapted from the 'Statistics of Tea Production in 2006,' compiled by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries)
- 農家風の民家で、18世紀中頃の建築と推定される。
- This private residence is built in a farmhouse style, and is estimated to date back to the mid 18th century.
- 稲粟の出挙は、主に農村部において盛んに行われた。
- In general, the Suiko dealing with rice and millet was frequently implemented in the agricultural community.
- 中世荘園における勧農は、大きく2つに区分される。
- Kanno in the medieval shoen was roughly divided into two.
- 農村に住んで農業経営にあたり、農民を直接支配した。
- They lived in rural areas, conducted farm management and controlled the farmers.
- すべての組み合わせに残留農薬の基準が設定されます。
- Standards for pesticide residues will be set for all combinations.
- 同県古川農業試験場にて交配、2000年に品種登録。
- Cross-fertilized in the Miyagi Prefecture Furukawa Agricultural Experiment Station (MFAES)
- 1915年、同県農業試験場にて強力2号を純系分離。
- In 1915, the Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station conducted the pure-line selection of Goriki No.2.
- 又、生産量は農家の高齢化に伴い、年々減少している。
- However, production is decreasing every year as the farmers age.
- 大原や口丹波など京都周辺の農村部で話されることば。
- A farmers language is spoken in rural areas around Kyoto City, such as Ohara and Kuchitanba.
- 農林水産省と厚生労働省は同月23日この事実を発表。
- On April 23, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare announced this fact.
- 前各号に掲げるもののほか、農林水産省令で定める事項
- matters prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in addition to what is listed in the preceding items.
- in addition to what is listed in the preceding items, the matters specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 租税の対象となる農地は名田という単位に分けられた。
- The farmland on which the taxation was imposed was divided into the unit called myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder).
- 食料、農業及び農村に関する施策についての基本的な方針
- Basic direction of the policies on food, agriculture and rural areas.
- 学識経験がある者の中から農林水産大臣が選任した者三人
- Three persons appointed by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister from among the persons with learned knowledge and experience
- Three persons appointed by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister from among the persons with relevant knowledge and experience
- 主な産業は、農業(ブドウ、稲作、酪農が中心)と林業。
- The main industries are agriculture (mainly grapes, rice-crop, and dairy farming) and forestry.
- 農奴は自由民ではなかったが、奴隷だったわけでもない。
- The serfs were not free men, but were not slaves.
- これらの理由で、現代の農法には向かないと考えられた。
- Due to these reasons, original Kameno-o was considered as wrong fit in modern agriculture.
- (中国四国農政局>地産地消>伝統料理(岡山県)より)
- (from Traditional dishes (Okayama Prefecture) < Local production and consumption < Chugoku-Shikoku Agricultural Administration Office)
- 昭和初年の大恐慌により経済は疲弊し、農村は荒廃した。
- The Great Depression in the first year of Showa weakened the economy, and ruined farming villages.
- 明治十六年十一月八日 農商務卿正四位勲一等 西郷従道」
- On November 8, 1883, Shoshii (Senior Forth Rank), Kun itto (the First order of merit), Tsugumichi SAIGO.'
- 自由農民の保有地では、上記の様な貢納は免除されていた。
- The lands owned by free farmers were exempt from the tributes like mentioned above.
- 各種京野菜を特産とする他、丹波ブランドの農産品がある。
- Various kinds of vegetables peculiar to Kyoto, and Tanba brand agricultural products are listed.
- 後には農業用水や友禅染などにも用いられるようになった。
- Later, the water was also used for agricultural purposes and for Yuzen dyeing.
- また、戦前までは東京市様に京都市の大半は農地であった。
- As was the case for Tokyo, Kyoto also consisted mostly of agricultural land until the pre-war era.
- 1つは、名田を農民層の所有・経営単位とする見方である。
- One opinion is that a myoden was an ownership and management unit in the farmer class.
- これらの耕作者はserfと呼ばれる農奴となっていった。
- These cultivators became serfs.
- 宮崎県:「綾ワイン」(綾町)・「都農ワイン」(都農町)
- Miyazaki Prefecture: 'Aya Wine' (Aya Town), 'Tsuno Wine' (Tsuno Town)
- そのため農村の若い女性にとっては大切な収入源となった。
- Therefore, weaving pongee was an important source of income for young women in villages.
- 石室内はかつて農機具置き場として使われていたこともある。
- The stone chamber was once used as a storage space of farming equipments.
- 農業基本法(昭和三十六年法律第百二十七号)は、廃止する。
- The Agricultural Basic Act (Act No. 127 of 1961) shall be abolished.
- 前項の手数料の額は、実費を勘案して農林水産省令で定める。
- The fee set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be prescribed in the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries considering the actual cost.
- 日本農林規格の確認は、これを公示してしなければならない。
- The confirmation of Japanese Agricultural Standards shall be carried out by public notification.
- 次に掲げる事項は、農林水産省に備える品種登録簿に登録する。
- The following matters shall be registered in the Register of Plant Varieties kept in the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries:
- 中国では辺境領の警備のために設置され、農村から徴兵された。
- In China, sakimori ('fangren' in Chinese) was deployed for the security of outlying territories and the soldiers were conscripted from farming villages.
- ここに至り、勧農権は現地の実効支配を意味するようになった。
- At this stage, the right of kanno meant the practical governance over local regions.
- 実際に、貴族や寺院が富み栄える一方、農民層の負担が激増した。
- Actually, the aristocratic class and temples prospered and grew wealthy, while burdens to the farmers increased tremendously.
- 宝ヶ池は江戸時代に農業用のため池として作られた人口池である。
- Takaragaike Pond was built as an agricultural irrigation pond in the Edo period.
- 同県農業試験場にて交配、2005年栃木県産地品種銘柄に指定。
- The prefectural agricultural experiment station of Tochigi Prefecture cross-fertilized it, and in 2005 the variety was designated as a brand variety of the growing district of Tochigi Prefecture.
- これはJA和歌山県連の商品で、農業協同組合などで売っている。
- It is a commercial product of Wakayama Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Co-Operatives and is sold at Agricultural Cooperative shops and so on.
- こうした農協経由では「1俵につきいくら」という売買になった。
- In such distribution through agricultural cooperative, trade was conducted on the basis of 'price per bag.'
- 前二条の規定は、日本農林規格の確認、改正又は廃止に準用する。
- The provisions of the preceding two Articles shall apply mutatis mutandis to the confirmation, amendment or abolishment of a Japanese Agricultural Standard.
- 唐宋期の荘園は庭園及び農地の他、複数の耕地で構成されていた。
- The shoens during the Tang and Sung dynasty consisted of gardens, farmlands, and several cultivated lands.
- 農作物の害虫を駆逐し、その年の豊作を祈願する目的で行われる。
- It is held in order to destroy insects harmful to crops and to pray for a good harvest for the year.
- 食料、農業及び農村に関し、政府が総合的かつ計画的に講ずべき施策
- Policies that the Government shall implement comprehensively and systematically for food, agriculture and rural areas.
- 日本農林規格(JAS)では、凍り豆腐が正式な名称となっている。
- Kori-dofu is the official name under the Japan Agricultural Standards (JAS).
- 指定農林物資検査法(昭和二十三年法律第二百十号)は、廃止する。
- The Act on Inspection of Specified Agricultural and Forestry Products (Act No. 210 of 1948) shall be abolished.
- 前漢の武帝は、辺境地帯を防衛する兵士に農耕を行わせた(軍屯)。
- Emperor Wu of the Former Han (dynasty of China) had soldiers who guarded the outlying areas farm the land (Gunton).
- 巨椋池が干拓された時点で漁業の歴史は終結し、農業に転換された。
- Its fishery history ended when the Ogura-ike Pond was reclaimed, and agriculture replaced fishing.
- その農地の所有権・支配権を握ることが支配階級の生命線であった。
- To own and to take control of agricultural lands was the lifeline for the ruling class.
- 1つは荘園領主による勧農、もう1つは在地領主による勧農である。
- One was the kanno by shoen owners and the other was by local landlords.
- 人口・農地が少ないという当時の日本の実情に沿ったものであろう。
- This could be considered coming from the fact that, at that time, arable land was more scarce in Japan and the population was smaller in Japan as well.
- 周囲には、家来の屋敷や農町民の町並み(原始的な城下町)ができた。
- The houses of vassals, farmers and townspeople (a primitive castle town) were built around such castles.
- 農作業中に土足のまま囲炉裏の周りに腰掛けられる作りとなっている。
- 'Fumikomi ro' allows someone in shoes to sit around the Irori fireplace while performing agricultural chores.
- 雨天などの際に農機具や漁具の手入れを行う作業場として活用される。
- The doma is used as a work place to take care of agricultural machines or fishing gear on rainy days.
- また、米の糠と野菜の皮の部分は農薬がたまりやすいところとされる。
- In addition, it is said that rice bran and the skin of vegetables tend to easily retain agricultural chemicals.
- 同県立農事試験場にて奈良県の在来種奈良穂(ならほ)より純系分離。
- The Tajima branch of the Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station conducted pure-line selection from the local variety, Goriki, of Tottori Prefecture.
- 同県農業試験場にて純米吟醸酒に合う酒米として交配開始、選抜固定。
- Cross-fertilization was conducted by the Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station as sakamai suitable for ginjo sake with no added alcohol, and selection and fixation were conducted.
- 門人は武士や僧侶が多かったが、町人や農民も1~2割を占めていた。
- Although many of the pupils were warriors and Buddhist priests, merchants, and artisans accounted for 10 to 20% of all the pupils.
- 農林水産省の管轄であった農業試験場で開発された酒米の品種をさす。
- This means varieties of sakamai that have been developed by the agricultural experiment stations under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan.
- 第一項から第三項までの認定の技術的基準は、農林水産省令で定める。
- The technical standard for the certification listed in paragraphs (1) to (3) shall be prescribed by MAFF Ordinance.
- 農民の名前も幼名と呼ばれるが、武士とは違って諱をつける事は無い。
- The names of members of the peasant class were also called 'yomyo' (childhood names), but unlike the children of the upper class, they did not receive an imina at adulthood.
- かつては米作などの農業、およびタケノコなどの採取が有名であった。
- Oyamazaki-cho was known for agriculture such as rice farming as well as gathering of bamboo shoots.
- 巨椋池においては内水面漁業、沿岸では水田耕作等の農業が営まれた。
- Inland water fisheries in Ogura-ike Pond and farming such as paddy cultivation were practiced on the shore.
- その中で繰り広げられた長年にわたる戦いで国人衆や農民は疲弊した。
- As a result, local samurais and farmers of the province became impoverished due to the long-standing fights.
- 元々、稲粟の出挙には、百姓の救済や勧農といった意味合いがあった。
- Originally, the Suiko using rice and millet was aimed at saving peasants and encouraging agriculture.
- 特に荘園では年貢徴収を指して勧農と呼ぶ例も見られるようになった。
- Especially in shoen, nengu (render) collection was sometimes referred to as kanno.
- 律令制下、全ての農地の所有権は国家が持っていることになっていた。
- Under ancient Japan's ritsuryo system, all the agricultural land in the entire country was officially owned by the state.
- 味噌は日本農林規格では「みそ」と表記され、次のように分類される。
- According to Japan Agricultural Standards (JAS), miso is written as 'みそ' and classified as follows.
- 田んぼでの農作業に使ったり湿地を歩くために使ったと思われる下駄。
- This was considered to be used in agricultural work at rice fields or in walking through marshy ground.
- しかし、その後の減反や離農により茅場と化している場所も増えている。
- However, due to the introduction of the acreage reduction policy and decrease in farming, areas that have become kayaba are on the rise.
- 日本建築史や民俗学では、主に江戸時代の農家、町家の類を民家という。
- Noka (farm houses) and machiya (town houses) in the Edo Period are called minka in the architectural history of Japan and in ethnology.
- 同県農業試験場にてトヨニシキ/美山錦を交配、2000年に品種登録。
- The prefectural agricultural experiment station of Akita Prefecture cross-fertilized Toyo nishiki/Miyama nishiki, and in 2000 the variety was registered.
- 同県農業試験場にて八反錦1号/出羽燦々を交配、2003年品種登録。
- The prefectural agricultural experiment station of Fukushima Prefecture cross-fertilized Hattan nishiki No. 1/Dewa sansan, and in 2003 the variety was registered.
- 豊かな緑と、きよらかな水の流れを持つ自然美豊かな農山村地域である。
- Miyama-cho was a mountainous, agricultural area filled with natural beauty such as lush greenery and pure streams.
- 現代でも小豆島の農村歌舞伎などで、わりご弁当という形で残っている。
- It still survives as a warigo lunch box in Noson kabuki (farmers' kabuki) in Shodo-shima Island.
- 国の農業政策の一環として開発された北海道、長野県などがこれにあたる。
- The Hokkaido and Nagano Prefectures, for which developments were conducted as part of the national agricultural policies, correspond to this.
- 班田が行われなくなると、口分田も事実上農民の私有地化することになる。
- When handen-based field supply ceased, kubunden effectively became owned by farmers.
- 農業や治水面での不作為が原因で、現地の住民や政府・行政に責任がある。
- It has been caused because no appropriate actions have been taken for farming and controlling water, and the responsibility resides in the residents, governments and administrations concerned.
- 江戸時代の教育制度は、士農工商の身分制度を反映して、二極化していた。
- The educational system in the Edo period was polarized, reflecting the hierarchy of samurai, farmers, artisans and merchants in Edo society.
- この場合、『手延べ干しめんの日本農林規格』を満たさなければいけない。
- In this case, the noodles also need to meet the 'Japan Agricultural Standards for hand-stretched dried noodles.'
- 深蒸し茶は、昭和40年代菊川市のお茶農家が開発されたといわれている。
- It is said that Fukamushi-cha was developed by tea farmers in Kikukawa City between the late 1960s and early 1970s.
- 的屋は神農とも呼ばれ、また的屋を稼業人、博徒を渡世人とも呼び別ける。
- Tekiya were also called Shinno and are known as businessman while gamblers are known toseinin (gamblers).
- 農村では丁度刈入れが終わった時期であり、収穫を祝う意味でも行われる。
- It was held just after the harvest, thus it was intended to celebrate the harvest as well.
- 農耕の開始を告げる祭事として、多気、度会の神郡内の神社に、幣帛を分配。
- Heihaku (offerings) are distributed to the shrines that are inside the Shingun (special districts born as the precincts of the shrines) of Take and Watarai in the festival, which informs the onset of agriculture.
- 同県農業総合センターにて岐系89号/月の光を交配、2003年品種登録。
- The prefectural agricultural experiment station of Ibaraki Prefecture cross-fertilized Gi-kei No. 89/Tsuki no hikari, and in 2003 the variety was registered.
- 明治の時代になりその栽培が一般農家にも広がり、販売されるようになった。
- In the Meiji period, their cultivation spread to ordinary farmers, who started to sell them.
- 太平洋の区域内において漁業を営む者の中から農林水産大臣が選任した者七人
- Seven persons appointed by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister from among the persons operating fisheries in the region of the Pacific Ocean
- 大量の餓死者は発生もちろんのこと、土地を捨てて逃亡する農民が多数発生。
- Not only did many people starve to death, but also a large number of farmers fled from their homes.
- 長岡京が平安京に移されてのちはその後背地として農業を産業の中心とした。
- After the capital was transferred from Nagaoka-kyo to Heian-kyo, agriculture became the main industry in the area as a backland for the new capital.
- 行橋市南西部、みやこ町、築上町北部は田園地帯であり、農業が盛んである。
- The southwest part of Yukuhashi City, Miyako Town and the northern part of Chikujo Town are all rural areas, where agriculture is the main industry.
- 1485年、南山城の国人衆や農民らが宇治の平等院に集まり評定を持った。
- In 1485, local samurais and farmers in Minami-Yamashiro gathered in Byodoin Temple in Uji to conduct a conference.
- 場合によっては、農作物への被害が指摘されている褐色雲をつくる事もある。
- In some cases, the brown clouds, which have been suspected of damaging agricultural products, are generated.
- 同県立農業試験場にてたかね錦(信交190号)より二次選抜して命名された。
- It was adopted by secondary selection from Takane nishiki (Shinko No. 190) by the prefectural agricultural experiment station of Akita Prefecture.
- 同県立農事試験場但馬分場にて鳥取県の在来種強力(ごうりき)より純系分離。
- The Tajima branch of the Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station conducted pure-line selection from the local variety, Goriki, of Tottori Prefecture.
- 農林水産大臣は、次に掲げる場合には、品種登録を取り消さなければならない。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall rescind a variety registration in any one of the following cases:
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の請求があつたときは、公聴会を開かなければならない。
- Upon receipt of a request as specified in the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall hold such public hearing.
- ウンシュウミカンの生産地としても有名で、山間部では蜜柑の生産農家が多い。
- Sakurai is also famous as a place for producing satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) and a lot of farms produce satsuma mandarin in the mountain area.
- そのため、農業は三年に一度を平作とするほど洪水に左右されるものであった。
- Consequently, farming in the area was subject to floods whereby one could expect normal crops only once every three years.
- 兵農分離が進み、武家として存在していても弱小の場合、土豪(狭義)と言う。
- As the separation of farmers and samurai took place, weaker samurai families came to be called 'dogo' (narrow sense).
- 場合によっては、荘園領主が命じて名主や預所に勧農を行わせることもあった。
- Sometimes, shoen owners ordered myoshu or azukari dokoro to implement the kanno.
- なお、カップ麺は日本農林規格によって「標準」と「上級」に分類されている。
- Moreover, Kappumen is classified into 'Standard' and 'Upper grade' by the Japan Agricultural Standards.
- 明治27年(1895年)滋賀県立農事試験場が備前雄町から雄町を確立した。
- In 1895, the Shiga prefecture agricultural experiment station established Omachi from Bizen Omachi.
- 農林水産省に、食料・農業・農村政策審議会(以下「審議会」という。)を置く。
- The Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies (hereinafter referred to as the 'Council') in the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is hereby established.
- そのため20世紀中ごろまで日本各地の山間部の農村に茅葺が数多く残っていた。
- Therefore, many thatched houses existed in villages in mountainous areas until around the middle of the 20th century in Japan.
- 農業団地では農産物を集荷し加工運般するための工場等が必要となる場合もある。
- Agricultural danchi may also require installations such as factories so that agricultural products can be collected, processed, or transported.
- 同県農業試験場にて秋系酒251/秋系酒306を交配し、選抜・固定を進めた。
- The agricultural experiment station of Akita Prefecture cross-fertilized Aki-kei sake 251/Aki-kei sake 306, and carried out selection and fixation.
- 水産政策審議会は、前項の公示に関し農林水産大臣に意見を述べることができる。
- The Fisheries Policy Council may state opinions to the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister concerning the public notice set forth in the preceding paragraph.
- 実権を握った時平は宇多路線を引継ぎ、権門抑制と小農民保護を遂行していった。
- When Tokihira took charge, he followed Uda's policy and controlled influential families and protected peasants.
- 戦乱が続く時代だったが内外の通商は盛んで、農業・工業ともに技術が向上した。
- Despite being a period of continuous warfare and turmoil, both domestic and overseas trade flourished, and significant technological advances were made in both agriculture and industry.
- 実際は、花又の鷲大明神の近在農民による収穫祭が江戸酉の市の発端といわれる。
- Actually, the harvest festival by the farmers living near Otori Daimyojin in Hanamata is said to be the origin of Tori no ichi in Edo.
- 内務省 (日本)、農商務省と所管省庁は変遷し、1884年宮内省所管となった。
- In 1884, the Imperial Household Ministry assumed the administration of Shosoin after it had previously been administered by the Ministry of Interior (Japan) and then the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce.
- 同県農事試験場にて交配、1997年品種登録、1998年長野県奨励品種に採用。
- It was cross-fertilized by Nagano Agricultural Experiment Station and the variety was registered in 1997; subsequently, in 1998 it was adopted as a recommended variety of Nagano Prefecture.
- 米は1俵60kgであり、稲作農地(田んぼ)は面積1反を以って基本単位とする。
- One bag of rice weighs 60 kg, and the basic unit for the area of agricultural land for growing rice (paddy field) is one tan (approximately 992 square meters).
- 許可証の書換え交付、再交付及び返納に関し必要な事項は、農林水産省令で定める。
- The matters necessary for the rewrite issue, reissue and return of permissions shall be prescribed in an Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 前各項に定めるもののほか、公聴会について必要な事項は、農林水産省令で定める。
- In addition to the matters specified in the preceding paragraphs, matters required in respect to public hearings shall be provided for in MAFF Ordinance.
- 反面、自由農民も荘園の裁判権や慣習に従属し、賃借に伴う借金を負わされていた。
- However, free farmers also belonged to the jurisdiction or custom of shoens and were put in debt for the lease.
- 小田原には小規模ながら常備軍が置かれ兵農分離を志向していた事がわかっている。
- Odawara had a small-scale standing force and it is known that it aimed for heinobunri (separation of the warrior class from farmers).
- 国人衆による政治は、国人と農民の対立、また国人同士の対立を生むことになった。
- The self-governance administrated by local samurais created conflicts between local samurais and farmers, as well as conflicts among themselves.
- 口分田(くぶんでん)とは、律令制において、民衆へ一律に支給された農地である。
- Kubunden indicates a field supplied uniformly to common people in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 原料となるサツマイモの品種は玉豊種(農林22号)やいずみ種が多く使用される。
- Sweet potato sorted into Tamayutaka-kind (agricultural and forestry No. 22) and Izumi-kind are frequently used as a raw material.
- さらに、『手延べ干しめんの日本農林規格』の詳細を満たしているものが該当する。
- Furthermore, 'Tenobe-Udon' is requested to fulfill particulars stated in 'Japanese Agricultural Standards for dried noodle stretched by hands.'
- 伝統的な農村家屋では、便所や風呂は母屋から離れた別小屋になっていることが多い。
- In many traditional rural houses, the lavatory and bathing place are located in a hut separate from the main building.
- 同県農林総合研究センターにて改良八反流/若水を交配、2004年埼玉県認定品種。
- The Saitama Agriculture and Forestry Research Center cross-fertilized Kairyo Hattannagare/Wakamizu, and in 2004 the variety was approved by Saitama Prefecture.
- その他、特記すべきことは、摘葉、摘茎が子芋の肥大に欠かせない農業の一つである。
- Other than the above, one thing especially worth mentioning is that removing leaves and stems is one of the essential farming techniques needed to make the smaller potatoes larger.
- 猫は農作物やカイコを食べるネズミを駆除するため、古くは養蚕の縁起物でもあった。
- Because cats would get rid of mice that feed on agricultural crops and silkworms, a maneki-neko was a lucky charm for sericulture in ancient times.
- 農村社会における全ての社会経済要素の基礎となったのは、土地所有の状況であった。
- In village society, the base of all the socio-economical factors was the land ownership situation.
- 出挙は元々、農業生産の推進・奨励、すなわち勧農の一つとして位置づけられていた。
- Suiko was originally regarded as a system to promote and encourage agricultural production, namely a kind of encouraging of agriculture.
- 9世紀・10世紀頃になると、各地で富豪と呼ばれる有力農民が登場・成長していた。
- In the ninth or tenth century, powerful farmers called fugo appeared and continued to increase their strength in various areas of the country.
- 複数の国家間で、観測機器や資金の援助、植林や農業指導などの協力も行われている。
- Among these nations, cooperation has been made concerning aid for observation instruments and funds concerned, and cooperation has been also made about planting trees and providing guidance for farming.
- また、日本独特の消費者感覚から無添加・無農薬ワインも生産されるようにもなった。
- Also, due to the specific tastes of Japanese consumers, production of additive-free and pesticide-free wine also grew.
- また、かつての住宅は農家でも町屋でも、生業と結びついた職住一致のものが多かった。
- In the past, many houses, such as farmers' houses and Machiya houses, were place where persons lived and worked for earning their living.
- 農村レストランふるる(1100〜1500、金、土、日は1800〜2200も営業)
- Farm Restaurant Fururu: Open 11:00 to 15:00 for weekdays; 11:00 to 15:00, and 18:00 to 22:00 for Friday, Saturday and Sunday
- 同県農業試験場にて交配、1994年広島県準奨励品種に採用、1996年に品種登録。
- The Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station conducted cross-fertilization, and it was adopted as a recommended variety of Hiroshima Prefecture in 1994; the variety was registered in 1996.
- 「初雫」の系統番号で試験され、1998年、「農林354号」として命名登録された。
- It was tested under group number of 'Hatsushizuku,' and in 1998 it was registered with the name 'Norin No. 354.'
- この頃、早稲の穂が実るので、農民の間で初穂を恩人などに贈る風習が古くからあった。
- There had been an old custom of presenting hatsuho (the first crops) to their benefactors around that time when ears of early-ripening rice plants become ripe.
- 農林水産大臣は、基本計画を定めたときは、遅滞なく、これを公表しなければならない。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has formulated the Basic Plan, he/she shall publish it without delay.
- 当該表示が認定外国小分け業者によりその認定に係る農林物資に付されたものである場合
- In the case where such label is affixed by a Certified Overseas Subdivider to the agricultural and forestry product pertaining to said Certification.
- 当該表示が認定外国製造業者等によりその認定に係る農林物資に付されたものである場合
- In the case where such label is affixed by a Certified Overseas Manufacturer, etc. to the agricultural and forestry product pertaining to said Certification;
- 各地で借金苦に苦しんだ農民たちが酒屋、土倉、寺院(祠堂銭)を襲い、私徳政を行う。
- Farmers who were troubled with debt attacked liquor stores, pawnbrokers and temples (lenders using donations to a temple) to cancel the debts by force.
- 植林や農業指導については、非政府組織などの民間団体が関わったプロジェクトもある。
- Concerning planting trees and providing guidance for farming, there also exist projects participated in by private bodies, such as non-government organizations.
- 彼らはむしろ英語で農場経営者を指す語である farmer と訳すのがふさわしい。
- A proper English translation of the free-hold farmer is farmer, which means the person who manages a farm.
- - 農林水産のいずれかが基幹産業である場合が多く、その付帯施設や基盤整備を指す。
- Mura fushin refers to the development of facilities and infrastructures in villages where the key industries include agriculture, forestry and fishing.
- 中国では「春節」、「過年」、「農暦新年」といい、ベトナムでは「テト」といわれる。
- The new year's day is called in Chinese 'chun-jie' (spring festival', 'guo-nian' (passing of a year), and 'nong-li-xin-nian' (the new year's day of the agricultural calendar) in mainland China, and is called 'teto' in Vietnamese in Vietnam.
- 歌垣の習俗は、焼畑農業民にも稲作民にも見られるが、特に山岳焼畑地帯で顕著である。
- Although the custom of utagaki may be observed in both swidden and rice-growing farmers, it is prominent among the people in mountainous areas of slash-and-burn agriculture.
- 奈良に暮らす人々の農具などの生活用具などを収集し、これらを保存、展示公開している。
- Instruments having been necessary for people living in Nara, such as farming tools, have been collected, kept and exhibited publicly.
- また、刀狩は農民のみならず寺院をも対象とし、寺院の武装解除に一定の役割を果たした。
- In addition, he carried out a 'Sword Hunt' confiscating the weapons not only of peasants but also of temples, which played apart in the disarmament of temples.
- また、中・下層の武士の住まいも農家と同様の技法が用いられているものは民家に含める。
- Houses for middle or lower ranked samurai are also minka if they were built in the same manner as noka.
- 1921年に1号が、1922年に2号が、県立農事試験場にてそれぞれ純系分離される。
- The Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station pure-line selected No.1 in 1921 and No.2 in 1922.
- 同府立農事試験場丹後分場にて在来種奈良穂より純系分離した野條穂よりさらに純系分離。
- It was obtained by the Tango branch of Kyoto Agricultural Experiment Station through pure-line selection from Nojobo, which had been obtained through pure-line selection from a local variety called Naraho.
- 中国産の寒根葛(葛)の根のポストハーベスト(残留農薬)の危険性が問題になっている。
- Recently, the toxicity of the pesticide residue remaining in the root of kudzu vine grown in China has become a problem.
- The danger of agricultural chemicals left in the roots of jikkon-kudzu (kudzu) produced in China has become a problem.
- 農村では田畑に鍬を入れたり、縄作りの作業を始め、田の神を祀って米や餅などを供えた。
- In farm villages, people started hoeing paddy fields and making rice-straw ropes, performed a rite for tanokami (deity of rice fields and harvests), offering rice or mochi (rice cake).
- 日本海・九州西海域の区域内において漁業を営む者の中から農林水産大臣が選任した者七人
- Seven persons appointed by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister from among the persons operating fisheries in the region of the Sea of Japan and the west sea of Kyushu
- 農耕社会の発展とともに地域集団は大型化していき、その中心部には環濠集落が営まれた。
- Corresponding to the advancement of an agriculture-based society, the sizes of the local communities had become larger, being surrounded-by-moat type settlements at their centers
- このため、農民層にも経済力がつき始め、領主・地頭への権利意識が高まることとなった。
- For this reason, the class of farmers began to get economic power and the awareness of their rights against local lords and jitos heightened.
- 特に農村部では夫婦一台ずつに加えて農作業用のトラック一つという家庭も多くみられる。
- Especially in agricultural areas, many households have one truck for agricultural work in addition to cars owned by each spouse.
- 武士の中では下位で、侍でもあり百姓でもあるという兵農未分離の状態という意味である。
- It means that they were low-ranking samurai who served as both warriors and farmers.
- 国人や農民が協力し、守護大名畠山氏の政治的影響力を排除し、以後8年間自治を行った。
- Local samurais and farmers cooperated to eliminate the political influence of the shugo daimyo (military governor) of the Hatakeyama clan, and functioned as self-governing community for the succeeding eight years.
- 「出羽権介の田中豊益は、農業経営を専門とし、数町の田地を経営する大名田堵である。」
- Dewa gon no suke (Deputy governor of Dewa Province) Toyomasu TANAKA is a specialist in agricultural management and at the same time, he is Daimyo Tato who manages several hectares of rice fields.'
- そのため、通信使の来朝は農民達にとっては臨時に重い負担を強いられるものでもあった。
- Therefore, the visit of Tsushinshi to Japan forced farmers to bear a heavy burden additionally.
- 猿楽・狂言・連歌などは都市・農村問わず愛好され、喫茶の風習も茶の湯として広がった。
- Sarugaku (form of theater popular in Japan during the eleventh to fourteenth centuries), Kyogen (farce played during a Noh play cycle), and Renga (linked verse) became popular in both urban and rural areas; tea drinking customs also spread in the form of Chanoyu (the tea ceremony).
- さらに、斧(鉄斧14)、手鎌(19)、鑿、やりがんな(51)、刀子、鋸などの農耕具。
- In addition, farming tools, such as axes (14 iron axes), 19 handy sickles, a borer, 51 yari-ganna planes (with blades like those for spears), a Tosu (small knife), and a saw, were also found there.
- 飫肥藩では「欠落奉行」「逃散奉行」と呼ばれる奉行職を設けて逃亡農民に対応したという。
- The Obi domain dealt with escaping farmers by forming the bugyo (magistrate) positions of 'Kakeochi Gyoko' and 'Chosan Gyoko.'
- 舞鶴ふるるファーム(まいづる ふるる ファーム)は、京都府舞鶴市瀬崎にある農業公園。
- Maizuru Fururu Farm is an agricultural park located in Sezaki, Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 同県農業研究センターにて1990年に秋田酒/こころまちを交配、2003年に品種登録。
- The agricultural experiment station of Iwate Prefecture cross-fertilized Akita sake/Kokoromachi, and it was registered in 2003.
- 現在でも東北地方の農村などに、左義長の前に小豆粥を食べる習慣が残っている地域がある。
- Even today, in some areas such as the farming villages of the Tohoku region, there is a custom of eating azukigayu before the sagicho (ritual bonfire of New Year's decorations).
- 第一種共同漁業 藻類、貝類又は農林水産大臣の指定する定着性の水産動物を目的とする漁業
- Class 1 common fishery: A fishery for purposing at algae, shellfishes, or other stationary aquatic animals designated by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister.
- 当該表示が認定外国流通行程管理者によりその認定に係る農林物資に付されたものである場合
- In the case where such label is affixed by a Certified Overseas Distribution Process Manager to the agricultural and forestry product pertaining to said Certification;
- 当該表示が認定外国生産行程管理者によりその認定に係る農林物資に付されたものである場合
- In the case where such label is affixed by a Certified Overseas Production Process Manager to the agricultural and forestry product pertaining to said Certification;
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の届出があつたときは、遅滞なく、その旨を公示しなければならない。
- Upon the receipt of notification set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall publicly notify the same without delay.
- 農閑期に製造、発注等々されるため、ほとんどがパートタイマーの主婦などを雇用している。
- Since the noodles are ordered and produced in an off-season for farmers, most workers are homemakers who work part-time.
- 干拓地は現在も京都、大阪に近接した一大農業地帯として、米や野菜などが生産されている。
- Today, the reclaimed land continues to play a role as a major agricultural area within proximity of Kyoto and Osaka where various crops including rice and vegetables are being produced.
- 8世紀には、地中海貿易が壊滅したことで、農村の自給自足体制が急速に確立されていった。
- As the Mediterranean trade collapsed during the eighth century, the self-sufficient system in villages came to be rapidly established.
- 時代と共に福の神として「商売繁盛」や「五穀豊穣」をもたらす、商業や農業の神となった。
- With the times, it has become the deity of commerce and agriculture bringing 'prosperous trade' and 'good harvests' as a deity of good luck.
- 農耕社会においては収穫祭が古いものであるが他にも祭壇に動物の生贄を捧げる形式がある。
- In an agrarian society, a harvest festival was an old one, but there were other festivals in the form of presenting animal sacrifices at the altar.
- 発掘調査の結果、琥珀製棗玉、鉄製武器、農耕具のほか須恵器と土師器が多数が出土している。
- From the result of the excavation and research, natsumedama (jujube- shaped bead) made of amber, iron arms, and farming tools were found as well as sueki (unglazed ware) and Haji pottery.
- 同県農業総合センター酒米試験地にて兵系25号/東近系1011 を交配、1977年固定。
- Sakamai Experiment Station of Hyogo Agriculture Institute cross-fertilized Hei-kei No.25/Tokin-kei 1011, and breeding was fixed in 1977.
- 同県農業研究センター銘柄米開発研究室にて出羽燦々/秋田酒を交配、2002年に品種登録。
- The Brand Rice Development Laboratories of the Iwate Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center cross-fertilized Dewa sansan/Akita sake, and in 2002 the variety was registered.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定により湖沼を指定し、又は海区を定めたときは、これを公示する。
- When the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister has designated lakes and marshes and has established sea areas, he/she shall publicly notify them.
- 都道府県知事は、前項の規定により得た報告の結果を農林水産大臣に報告しなければならない。
- The prefectural governor shall report the result of reports obtained pursuant to the provision set forth in the preceding paragraph to the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 農奴からの貢納は、労役、生産物(現物)、又はまれに金銭(現金)という形態をとっていた。
- The tributes from the serfs were in the form of labor services, products (actual spots) and rarely money (cash).
- その他の地域は田畑を中心とした農業がほとんどであり、豊富な地下水でおいしい米を産する。
- Its main industry centers around agriculture, specifically good rice grown in rice paddies thanks to abundant ground water.
- 現在では舞鶴市の与保呂地区をはじめ、東舞鶴全域で飲料水用や農耕用として利用されている。
- The river water is now used for drinking and agriculture not only in the Yohoro district of Maizuru City, but across the whole area of Higashi Maizuru.
- 開発された田地では、所領田畠とその農民に対する強力な進止権が国衙より公的に与えられた。
- At developed farmlands, strong ruling rights were officially given to shoryo (territory) fields and their farmers by kokuga.
- 中世日本の経済で大きなウェイトを占めていた農業生産の元手(資本)となるのは農地である。
- Agricultural lands were the sinews (capital) of the agricultural production which carried considerable weight in the economy of medieval Japan.
- 土地税の租は,課税対象確保のための農民の最低生活の保障の意味で,低率に抑えられていた。
- So of So-Yo-Cho, land tax, was kept at low rate aimed at securing the lowest living standard of a peasant so as to acquire a stable subject of taxation.
- 律令制では、勧農は国司の職務として規定されており、国司による各種の勧農施策が行われた。
- Under the ritsuryo system, kanno was defined as the duty of kokushi and the measures and policies of kanno were implemented by kokushi.
- 行列が通る街道は、前もって入念な道普請が命ぜられ、農繁期であっても田植えは禁止された。
- Elaborate michi bushin (road improvement) was ordered in advance for the roads that the precession would follow, and even during the farming season rice planting was prohibited.
- 2007年12月、「さばのへしこ」として、農山漁村の郷土料理百選のひとつに選定された。
- As 'saba no heshiko,' it was chosen as one of the hundred best local dishes from rural areas in December, 2007.
- 同県立農事試験場にて北陸12号/東北25号(農林17号)を交配、系統名「信交190号」。
- The prefectural agricultural experiment station of Shizuoka Prefecture cross-fertilized Hokuriku No. 12/Tohoku No. 25 (Norin No. 17), and the line name was designated as 'Shinko No. 190.'
- 指定農林物質に係る名称の表示が適正でないため一般消費者の利益が害されていると認めるとき。
- When such person finds that interest of consumers is harmed owing to inappropriate labeling of the name pertaining to the Specified Agricultural and Forestry Product.
- 網野善彦は職能民など非農民層に着目し、南北朝時代が日本史の転換期にあたると主張している。
- Yoshihiko AMINO focused on people with occupations other than farmers and suggested that the Nanbokucho period was a transitional time in Japanese history.
- 当時の荘園・公領で現地での生産活動の中心だったのが、上層農民の名主(みょうしゅ)である。
- In shoen and koryo in those days the center of production activity on the spot was myoshu (owner of rice fields) of high-ranking farmers.
- これらは昭和6年の町名成立時において当該区域が農地等で、人家が存在しなかったものである。
- They were farmlands without houses when they were established in 1931.
- 第一次産業(農林漁業)に従事する者が多く、家屋の数と密集度が少ない地域を指す名称である。
- It indicates an area where a small number of houses are sparsely scattered.
- 室町中期ごろ、商品経済の発達や農業生産の向上、惣結合の強化などに伴い社会情勢が変化した。
- In the middle of the Muromachi period, the social situation changed according to the development of a commodity economy, the improvement of agricultural production, the consolidation of so (peasants' self-governing association), and the like.
- 都道府県の研究センターや農業大学などを中心として吟醸酒に適した新たな酵母の開発が進んだ。
- The development of new yeasts which were suitable for ginjoshu were promoted around the research center of prefectures and agricultural colleges.
- 農業用の大型水路や無数の土抗の中に三輪山祭祀に関する遺物のセットが多数投げ捨てられていた。
- Many set of ritual instruments used for honoring Mt. Miwa were found from the remains of large-scale agricultural channels, along with a countless number of holes on the ground.
- 近世の経塚造営は/農業生産の増加や貨幣経済の浸透を前提とした宗教行為の流行を背景に成立し、
- In pre-modern ages, kyozuka were built as a part of religious activity, which had become popular as agricultural output increased and the money economy took root in society.
- 同県農業技術センターにて山田錦/ヒノヒカリを交配、1998年選抜固定、2002年品種登録。
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center cross-fertilized Yamada nishiki/Hinohikari and its selection was fixed in 1998; in 2002 the variety was registered.
- 安土桃山時代に農・乾物の一大集積地であった大阪は多湿な気候が乾物や昆布の旨味を熟成させた。
- A humid climate of Osaka, a major collection center of agricultural products and dry foods in the Azuchi Momoyama Period, accomplished maturity of the flavor of dry foods and kelp.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の検討を行うに当たっては、水産政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
- In his/her examination under the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall hear the opinion of the Fisheries Policy Council.
- 逃散(ちょうさん)とは、日本の中世から近世にかけて行われた農民抵抗の手段、闘争形態である。
- Chosan was means of resistance and forms of struggle waged by farmers in Japan from the middle ages to the early modern period.
- その中で、支配層は農民を育成するため、年貢による収奪だけでなく、様々な勧農施策を実施した。
- Meanwhile, the ruling class not only exploited farmers by nengu, but also implemented several measures of kanno to cultivate farmers.
- 農民の保有地が小地面から成っていたように、領地(領主の直轄地)も単一的な土地ではなかった。
- As the land owned by farmers consisted of a patch of land, the land directly controlled by the lords was also not a monolithic land.
- 畜舎・家畜の保護措置、農産物・飼料の覆い、電子・精密機械に侵入する微粒子の遮蔽措置を指導。
- It is guided how to protect livestock barns and livestock, how to cover farm products and fodder, and how to prevent fine particles from intruding in electronic or precision machines.
- 農民が書いた土地証文などの数もしだいに増加し、文字が庶民層にまで広く普及するようになった。
- A growing number of land deeds were written by peasants, which means that literacy was widespread even among the commoner class.
- 1972年8月16日は、京大農学部グラウンドから、如意ヶ岳の大きな「五山送り火」が見える日。
- On August 16, 1972, big 'Gozan Okuribi' (Mountain Bon Fire) of Mt. Nyoigadake was seen from the grounds of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University on that day.
- これらの演者は元々農民や僧侶だったが、平安末期頃から専門的に演じる職業集団も成立していった。
- Although these performers were originally farmers and monks, from about the late Heian Period, occupational groups performing their own specialties were also established.
- Performers of such art were originally farmers or Buddhist monks, but some of them were organized into professional artists groups at the end of Heian period.
- 疫病を撒き散らすと同時に親切に迎え入れた農民に対しては万病に効く術を授けたとも言われている。
- It is said that although he spreads diseases, he bestows remedies for all diseases on farmers who welcome him kindly.
- 同県高冷地農業試験場にてひだみのり/フクノハナを掛け合わせたものを、さらにフクニシキと交配。
- The institute for agriculture in the cold upland of Aichi Agricultural Research Center cross-fertilized Hidaminori/Fuku no hana, and variety was obtained with Fuku nishiki.
- これらを改善すべく県立農業試験場にて1973年に八反35号/アキツホを交配し、選抜育種した。
- In 1973, so as to improve such weak points, the Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station cross-fertilized Hattan 35/Akitsuho and bred through selection.
- しかし農家の後継者不足や果樹消費の多角化等、日本のミカン栽培は今なお様々な問題を抱えている。
- However, mikan cultivation in Japan has had many problems to date such as difficulty of finding successors of farms, diversification of fruit consumption and so on.
- 「名塩の地の数百戸の家ゝは、農・工・商家といえども 弥右衛門の恩恵を受けていない者はない。」
- 'There is no one who has not benefited from Yaemon irrespective of farming, industrial, or merchant families in the hundreds of houses in Najio.'
- 農林水産大臣は、広域漁業調整委員会に対し、第一項の指示について必要な指示をすることができる。
- The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister may give a necessary instruction for the instruction of paragraph (1) to Wide Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commissions.
- 農林水産大臣は、基本計画を定めようとするときは、水産政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries wishes to establish the Basic Plan, he/she shall first hear to the opinion of the Fisheries Policy Council.
- 左の各号の一に該当する場合は、農林水産大臣は、指定漁業の許可又は起業の認可をしてはならない。
- In the case where an application falls under any of the following respective items, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister shall not authorization a designated fishery or approve business commencement of the designated fishery.
- 面積の約95%を山林が占め、林業や柚子の栽培などの農業、それを使った特産品が主な産業である。
- With roughly 95% of its land area is covered with forests, the major industries are forestry, farming including yuzu cultivation and production of goods using the citrus fruit.
- 農作物として甘藷の栽培や山菜加工が開始される一方、キャンプ場などのアウトドア施設が作られた。
- Growing of sweet potatoes and the processing of wild vegetables has been initiated, with outdoor facilities including camp sites having been constructed.
- しかし度を越した収奪が行われれば没落する農民が現れ富の寡占が進んで富農が出現するはずである。
- However, under extreme exploitation, some farmers would become ruined, which should lead to the concentration of wealth and the emergence of wealthy farmers.
- 士族や富裕商人、富裕農民だけではなく、身分を問わず苗字を付けることが認められた(国民皆姓)。
- All people, not only those in the warrior class and affluent merchants and farmers, were allowed to have their surnames regardless of their titles (Kokumin kaisei).
- しかしながら、過剰な放牧や耕地拡大などの農業の問題、生活や経済の問題がその原因とされている。
- However, it is said that this desertification originated in agriculture-related problems, such as excessive pasturing and an enlargement of arable land, and in living and economy related problems.
- 亀の尾(かめのお)は、明治時代前期に山形県の篤農家・阿部亀治により育成された日本のイネ品種。
- 'Kameno-o' is a variety of Japanese rice developed by a practical farmer, Kameji ABE, of Yamagata Prefecture in the early Meiji Period of the history of Japanese sake.
- 株式市場や各農林水産関係の市場や初売りまたは、祭りでの縁起物の売買などでも行われる事を指す。
- It also refers to the first sale of the year at the stock market and at forestry and fisheries-related markets as well as the purchase and sale of good luck charms at festivals.
- 近年までは旅回りの的屋の相互扶助を目的とした「神農会」や「街商組合」が機能していたとされる。
- Until recently, the 'Shinno Association' and 'Stall Holders Union' provided mutual aid for itinerant tekiya.
- 江戸時代の中ごろに出土し、かつては小川のほとりで付近の農家の洗濯板として使用されていたという。
- It was unearthed in the middle of the Edo period and is said to have once been used as a washing board at the bank of a small river by farmers in the neighborhood.
- 古くからの習慣で、住居が建っている場所や住人の職業などで区別して商家、町家、農家などとも言う。
- According to time-honored custom, the terms merchants' houses, Machiya houses, and farmers' houses are also used, depending on the place where the houses are located or the jobs of the persons who live in the houses.
- 第2号は岩手県一関市の「一関本寺の農村景観」で2006年(平成18年)7月28日に選定された。
- The second selected case was the 'farm village scenery of Ichinoseki Hondera Temple' in Ichinoseki City of Iwate Prefecture, as announced in the official gazette on July 28, 2006.
- 同県立明石農業改良実験所にて愛船117/山雄67を交配、太平洋戦争を経て1949年に育成固定。
- Akashi Agricultural Improvement Experiment Station of Hyogo Prefecture cross-fertilized Aifune 117/Sanyu 67, and in 1949, after the Pacific War, breeding was fixed.
- 同県立明石農業改良実験所にて愛知三河錦/船木雄町を交配、太平洋戦争を経て1951年に育成固定。
- Akashi Agricultural Improvement Experiment Station of Hyogo Prefecture cross-fertilized Aichi mikawa nishiki/Funaki omachi, and in 1951, after the Pacific War, breeding was fixed.
- 京都市特産そ菜保存委託事業として、市内の3戸の農家が栽培を続け、種の自家採種をおこなっている。
- Three farmhouses in the city keep up the cultivation and in-house seed production as a commissioned business for preservation of specialty vegetables of Kyoto City.
- 大阪の農産物と交換に蝦夷から運ばれた乾物は、昆布のほか、帆立貝、タラ、身欠きにしんなどがある。
- Dry foods shipped from Ezo in exchange for agricultural products of Osaka included Yesso scallop, Pacific cod and dried herring, in addition to kelp.
- この法律に定めるもののほか、品種登録及び品種登録簿に関して必要な事項は、農林水産省令で定める。
- In addition to what is provided for in this Act, matters necessary for variety registration and the Registry of Plant Varieties shall be prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 農林水産大臣は、第二項の裁定をしようとするときは、農業資材審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
- Before rendering an arbitration decision set forth in paragraph (2) of this Article, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall hear the opinions of the Agricultural Materials Council.
- 農林水産大臣は、第一項の登録をしたときは、遅滞なく、前項に掲げる事項を公示しなければならない。
- Upon the Accreditation set forth in paragraph (1), the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall publicly notify without delay the matters listed in the preceding paragraph.
- 三世一身法・墾田永年私財法などの農地拡大政策もこうした律令制強化の一環だったと考えられている。
- It is considered that the policies to increase arable land, such as Sanze-isshin Law (a law allowing farmers who created new arable lands to own them for a period of three generations) and Konden einen shizai Law (a law allowing farmers who created new arable lands to own them permanently), were for supporting the strengthening the Ritsuryo system.
- そのため、中農、富農が成立しないということは逆に農民が自立可能な程度の年貢であったことになる。
- Therefore the reason why middle-class or wealthy farmers could not become established was land taxes which were sufficiently heavy to prevent farmers from becoming independent.
- 農薬が普及するまで全国各地で見られたが、現在は火事の危険などから行われなくなったところが多い。
- It used to be seen throughout the nation until pesticide became widely used and today, most areas have stopped it because of the risk of fire.
- この時代の蕎麦はあくまで農民が飢饉などに備えて僅かに栽培する程度の雑穀だったと考えられている。
- It is considered that, back in those days, buckwheat was a minor grain that peasants grew on a very small scale to provide against emergency situations such as famine.
- こうして、平安時代以降、各地の自衛農民団、もしくは自衛海運業者団としての武士団の発展を促した。
- Thus, many bushidan (samurai group) were organized in the Heian period as self-defense groups for farmers and shipping agents.
- トウカイザクラ(東海桜) - 切り花用に福島市花見山公園近隣の花卉農家で盛んに栽培されている。
- Tokaizakura, which is cultivated for cut flowers actively by flower growers near Hanamiyama-koen park in Fukushima City.
- また、領主側の立場からの史料ではなく、農民側の立場からの史料である点にも、史料価値が認められる。
- And what is better, the value as a historical material can be recognized in that it is not a historical material left from the position of the lords' side but is a historical material left from the position of the peasants' side.
- 古くから開口していたが、発掘調査で金銅花形座金具、馬具、鉄製武器、農耕 具、玉類が出土している。
- It was opened since early times, and from excavation and research, gilt bronze parts of flower-shaped seats, harnesses, iron arms, farming tools, and beads were found.
- 農家、漁家、町屋などの民家建築が文化財として着目されるようになったのは、第二次世界大戦後である。
- It was after World War II that private houses such as farmhouses, fishermen's houses and merchant houses came to attention as cultural properties.
- 農村の生産力の増大と、荘園領主の没落で、農民の地位はしだいに向上し、やがて自治的な惣村をつくる。
- Farmers improved their status through the increase of productivity in villages and the decline of lords of the manor, so that soon they were able to create autonomous villages (惣村).
- 特に高い糖度や雑味の原因となるタンパク質量の低さを実現するのに永田農法が貢献しているといわれる。
- It is said that the Nagata agricultural method helps produce particularly high sugar content and low protein content, which is the cause of Satsuma (undesirable taste in sake).
- そのほうが、農家にとっても一年の収入が保証されているので安心して酒米作りに専念できるからである。
- This is because the farmer can concentrate on the production of sakamai with an assurance of yearly income.
- 栽培試験の項目、試験方法その他第二項の栽培試験の実施に関して必要な事項は、農林水産省令で定める。
- Items to be tested, test methods and other matters necessary for the carrying-out of the growing tests set forth in paragraph (2) of this Article shall be specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 都道府県の知事は、都道府県計画を定めようとするときは、農林水産大臣の承認を受けなければならない。
- When the governor of each prefecture wishes to establish a Prefectural Plan, such Prefectural Plan shall be subject to approval by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 農林水産大臣は、第一項の計画を定めようとするときは、水産政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
- In the event that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries intends to establish a plan under paragraph 1, he/she shall hear the opinion of the Fisheries Policy Council.
- 何人も、農林物資又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に格付の表示と紛らわしい表示を付してはならない。
- No person shall affix any confusing label with a Grade Label to any agricultural and forestry product, its package, container or invoice.
- 山国隊(やまぐにたい)は、幕末期に丹波国桑田郡山国郷(現京都市右京区京北町)で結成された農兵隊。
- The Yamagunitai (the Yamaguni Corps or Troop) was an armed force of farmers that was formed during the Bakumatsu period (a fifteen-year period, from 1853-1868, that saw the demise of the Tokugawa bakufu) in the hamlet of Yamaguni in Kuwata county of Tanba Province (the modern-day Keihoku-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto).
- 稲作を中心とする農耕社会が成立し、北部九州から本州最北端以北を除く日本列島各地へ急速に広まった。
- Agriculture-based society centered on rice cultivation was established and spread rapidly to various parts of the Japanese islands, from northern Kyushu to throughout Honshu, except for the northernmost part of the Honshu and the further northern territories.
- 保元の荘園整理令 1156年(保元元)後白河天皇 荘園で使役できる農民の数を制限、「保元新制」。
- Hogen-no Shoen Seiri-rei 1156 Emperor Goshirakawa Restricted the number of farmers that can be used on manors ('Hogen new administration').
- 農業生産力の向上や手工業の独立は市場を成立させ、都市や交通の要地とされる場所では市場が発達した。
- Increased agricultural production and the growing independence of artisans caused markets to spring up and expand in places ideally situated for commerce between or within cities.
- 日本の荘園は、奈良時代に律令制下で農地増加を図るために墾田私有を認めたことに始まる(初期荘園)。
- Japanese shoens started when the private ownership of newly cultivated land was allowed to increase the farmland under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) during Nara period (shoki shoen (early shoen)).
- また明治維新の際には時代祭行列で知られる山国隊が当地の農民により編成され、官軍に参加し活躍した。
- Also Yamaguni-tai, which is now famous for its Jidai Matsuri Parade, was formed by local farmers to participate in the imperial army and played an active role in the Meiji Restoration.
- 山城国一揆は惣の農民らが参加している点で厳密には国一揆ではなく惣国一揆とでも言うべきものである。
- Strictly speaking, the uprising in Yamashiro Province was not a 'kuniikki' but a 'sokoku ikki', because the uprising was started by farmers belonging to so (a community organized by a self-governing association of farmers).
- また、足軽を帰農させ軽格の「郷士」として苗字帯刀を許し、国境・辺境警備に当たらせることもあった。
- Ashigaru were also allowed to return to farming and granted the right to bear a surname and to wear a sword as goshi (country samurai) of keikaku (noncommissioned officers) who served as provincial border and frontier guardsmen.
- しかし、領地(領主の直轄地)のみから成る荘園や、自由農民の保有地のみから成る荘園も存在していた。
- However, there existed shoens which consisted only of the land (the land directly controlled by the lords) or shoens which consisted only of the lands owned by free farmers.
- また、米農家が収穫を感謝するため、甘酒を造ったり、祭りに甘酒を供える風習が残っている土地もある。
- In some regions, rice farmers still preserve the old custom of making amazake and placing it on an alter during festivals as an offering of thanks for a good harvest.
- その一方で古い農村部の日本家屋では、板の間がそのまま生活居住空間で作業場所は特別に設置しなかった。
- On the other hand, in old Japanese houses of agricultural villages, the room with a wooden floor was used for daily household activities and there was no designated workplace.
- 農家にとっては大事な節目の日で、この日までに農作業を終え、この日から5日間は休みとする地方もある。
- It is an important day for farmers and in some areas they finish their planting by this day and then rest for a period of five days.
- 前項の規定は、農林水産省令で定める栄養繁殖をする植物に属する品種の種苗を用いる場合は、適用しない。
- The provision of paragraph (2) of this Article shall not apply where farmers use propagating material of varieties which belong to any one of the genera or species designated by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries as being propagated vegetatively.
- 放火や刈田による略奪、そして一般民衆や農民を奴隷として拉致する行為は戦国時代といえども犯罪である。
- Fire setting, robbery by karita (to reap rice), and kidnapping common people or farmers as slaves were criminal acts even in Sengoku Period.
- 高度経済成長以降は盆地内の農地の宅地化が進み、大型団地が建つなど京都や大阪のベッドタウンとなった。
- In and after the high-growth period, the farmlands were steadily turned into lands for housing, in particular housing complexes, making it a commuter town for Kyoto and Osaka.
- この体制下では農業、漁業、手工業などの諸産業を田堵が隷属する人民を使役し、名田単位で経営を行った。
- In this system, the tato managed several industries such as agriculture, fishery, and handicraft manufacturing on a myoden basis, employing subordinate labors.
- これは被支配者である農民による階級闘争の結果、支配層から土地所有権を奪取したと評価するものである。
- In this view, they think peasants, who had been unilaterally controlled by rulers, captured land ownership from the rulers as a result of a class struggle.
- 明治政府は、農業収入に課税する年貢制ではなく、全土地に課税する地租を導入し、検地は行わなくなった。
- The Meiji government eliminated the old tax system, which taxed the overall agricultural production, and introduced a new nationwide land tax (based on the total amount--not the productivity--of land owned), and with this, kenchi, with their focus on yield, were no longer conducted.
- 前三号に掲げるもののほか、食料、農業及び農村に関する施策を総合的かつ計画的に推進するために必要な事項
- In addition to what is listed above, matters required to be promoted for the comprehensive and systematic implementation of the policies for food, agriculture and rural areas.
- 代表的酒米と考えられやすい亀の尾であるが、1951年施行の農産物規格規程によれば一般米に区別される。
- Although Kame no o is often considered a representative sakamai, it is classified as general-purpose rice under the Agricultural Products Standards Rule enforced in 1951.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項第三号の条件を定めようとするときは、水産政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
- In the case where the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister is going to decide the conditions of the preceding item (iii), he/she shall hear the opinions of the Fisheries Policy Council.
- その一方で農村部では各地に存在した荘園は戦国大名や国人領主による押領の対象となり、荘園制は解体する。
- On the other hand, in agricultural community areas, shoen (manor in medieval Japan) existed in various districts became objects of seizure by sengoku daimyo and kokujin ryoshu and the shoen system was broken down.
- 農奴は、人口的・経済的な条件が整って逃亡できる見込が立たない限り、土地を放棄することはできなかった。
- The serfs could not abandon the land without the prospect of escaping with the population condition and economical condition.
- 古くから、二上山の水を農業に使っている大和国側の村人が、春に「岳のぼり」と称し、二上山に登っていた。
- Village people in Yamato Province who had used the water from Mt. Nijo for agriculture since ancient times climbed Mt. Nijo in the spring, which is referred to as 'Okanobori.'
- 恒居倭のなかには倭館の関限を超えて居住する、漁業や農業に従事する、密貿易を行う、倭寇化する者もいた。
- Some kokyowa breached the limitation of wakan to live there, engaged in fishery or agriculture, conducted illegal trade, or became wako (Japanese pirates).
- 勧農(かんのう)とは、主として支配者が農業を振興・奨励するために実施する行為全般を指す日本史の用語。
- Kanno is a general term in the history of Japan for the overall acts by which the rulers typically promoted and encouraged agriculture.
- 戦国時代 (日本)における落武者は、首に対する恩賞や所持品を狙う農民による落武者狩りの対象とされた。
- During the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), ochimusha were hunted by farmers who sought their belongings or reward in exchange for their head.
- 続く江戸時代は、農業技術の進歩と新田開発の進展、幕府や藩の財政悪化などによりたびたび検地が行われた。
- In the Edo period, which followed on the heels of Hideyoshi's time, land surveys were occasionally conducted, either to take advantage of advances in agricultural techniques or the opening of new rice paddies, or because the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) or the domain conducting the survey had fallen into difficult financial straits.
- その一方、牛や馬などの大型哺乳類は、農耕の重要な労働力として家畜化され、食用にすることは少なかった。
- On the other hand, large mammals such as cows and horses were domesticated as important workforce of agriculture, and were seldom eaten.
- こうして酒造りは冬に限られた仕事となったので、農民が出稼ぎとして冬場だけ杜氏を請け負うようになった。
- In this way, sake brewing was limited to winter so that farmers came to take on toji as a seasonal migrant worker only in winter.
- 近世初期の関東で一般的な農民の住まいは、土間に囲炉裏を作り、床にむしろなどを敷くようなものも多かった。
- In the Kanto area in the early modern period, ordinary dwellings of farmers were mostly built in such a way that an irori fireplace (open hearth) was made on doma (dirt floor) and straw mats were laid on the floors.
- ししおどし(鹿威し)とは、農業などに被害を与える鳥獣を威嚇し、追い払うために設けられる装置全般の総称。
- Shishiodoshi is a general name for devices used to intimidate and drive away agriculture-damaging birds and animals.
- 同県立農業試験場庄内支場にて吟吹雪/出羽燦々を交配、2004年県の認定品種に採用、同年に品種登録申請。
- The Shonai Branch of the prefectural agricultural experiment stations of Yamagata Prefecture cross-fertilized Ginfubuki/Dewa sansan and, in 2004, it was adopted for the approved variety of the prefecture and applied for registration in the same year.
- 合気道の創始者・植芝盛平は1883年(明治16年)和歌山県田辺町(現・田辺市)の富裕な農家に生まれた。
- The founder of Aikido, Morihei UESHIBA, was born into a wealthy farming family in 1883, in Tanabe-cho, Wakayama Prefecture (the present-day Tanabe City).
- 農家においては祭り、結婚式、葬式、等特別な場合のみお歯黒を付けた(童話ごんぎつねにもその描写がある)。
- Farmers blacken their teeth only on special occasions such as festivals, weddings, funerals and so on (this is also depicted in the children's tale called 'Gon the Fox').
- 昭乗は、農家が種入れとして使っていた器をヒントにこの形の器を作り、絵の具箱や煙草盆として使用していた。
- Shojo made the box inspired by a container used by farmers to hold seeds: a box like container with sides and used it as a paint box or a tobacco tray.
- 江戸時代頃になると、農閑期に湯治客が訪れるようになり、それらの湯治客を泊める宿泊施設が温泉宿となった。
- In the Edo period, increasing guests visited for toji in agricultural off-season and the facilities to accommodate them became hot spring hotels.
- 消費者は、食料、農業及び農村に関する理解を深め、食料の消費生活の向上に積極的な役割を果たすものとする。
- Consumers shall be encouraged to gain better understanding of food, agriculture and rural areas and be positive to improve their dietary patterns.
- 登録認定機関でない者は、日本農林規格登録認定機関という名称又はこれに紛らわしい名称を用いてはならない。
- Anyone who is not a Registered Certifying Body shall not use the name of the Japanese Agricultural Standards Registered Certifying Body or any other confusing name therewith.
- これは商業に従事する神人・供御人を抑制し、本来の神事を興行しようとする重農主義的施策と評価されている。
- This policy is appreciated as embodying physiocracy, restraining the influence of Shinjin and Kugonin engaging in commerce and encouraging the performance of true religious rituals.
- 戦国大名の元で大規模な新田開発や灌漑整備が進められ、築城技術で培われた土木技術が農業面でも応用された。
- Under sengoku daimyo, large-scale development of new fields and maintenance of irrigation were promoted utilizing civil engineering technology developed in castle building technology for agricultural purposes.
- 舞鶴若狭自動車道綾部インターチェンジから中丹広域農道・福井県道・京都府道1号小浜綾部線経由で約30分。
- It takes approx. thirty minutes by car from the Ayabe Interchange of Maizuru Wakasa Expressway, via Chutan Koiki Nodo (a road for the wide agricultural area of Chutan), the Obama Ayabe Line of the Fukui Prefectural Route/Kyoto Prefectural Route 1.
- 彼らの多くは、似たような状況下に置かれた農民達に同情的な者も多く、一揆側に寝返る者が現れる始末だった。
- Many of such samurai were sympathetic to peasants who lived in the similar conditions, and eventually, some of them even went over to the side of ikki.
- もともとは食事が朝夕のみ1日2食の時代に、農民たちが体力維持のため休憩時に取っていた間食のことである。
- It originally meant a snack between meals eaten by farmers to maintain body strength during a break when people took only two meals a day in the morning and evening.
- 農家では、山椒・ミツバとならび、果樹園・庭・屋敷林の木陰に、薬味として、育てておく代表的な植物である。
- Farmers frequently grow Myoga as a spice in shady places together with Sansho (Japanese pepper) and Mitsuba (Japanese honewort) in their fruit orchards, gardens or homestead woodlands.
- しかし栽培や収穫に手間がかかることから次第に農家が敬遠したため、ついには一部の品種を絶滅させてしまった。
- However, farmers gradually became unwilling to produce those vegetables because it took a lot of work to cultivate and harvest them, which resulted in the extermination of some of the varieties.
- 平成6年(1994年)農業総合研究所作物研究センターにて五百万石/豊盃の人工交配によって育成、品種固定。
- It was developed through the artificial cross-fertilization of Gohyakumangoku/Toyosakazuki in 1994 by the Agricultural Products Research Center of the Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, and the variety was fixed.
- 多くの姉妹種を生んだのち、兵庫県立農事試験場にて1921年新山田穂を、1922年新山田穂を純系分離した。
- Hyogo Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, having given birth to many sister varieties, conducted the pure-line selection of Shin yamadabo in 1921 and Shin yamadabo in 1922.
- 同県農業試験場にて亀の尾の後代にあたる新200号と、雄町の後代にあたる菊水を交配させることによって誕生。
- It was born through cross-fertilization between Shin No. 200, which was the later generation of Kame no o, and Kikusui, which was in turn the later generation of Omachi, at the prefectural agricultural experiment station of Niigata Prefecture.
- 郷土料理を、都市と農村との交流、地域活性化につなげようという試みで農山漁村の郷土料理百選として発表した。
- This effort aims to use local dishes to foster exchange between urban and rural areas and revitalize regional communities, and the ministry announced this plan as 'the top 100 rural culinary dishes'.
- 同県農業試験場にておくほまれ/ふ系103号を交配、1986年青森県奨励品種に採用、1988年に品種登録。
- The agricultural experiment station of Aomori Prefecture cross-fertilized Okuhomare/Fu-kei No. 103, and it was adopted in 1986 as the recommended variety of Aomori Prefecture; the variety was registered in 1988.
- また地方によってはハンゲという妖怪が徘徊するとされ、この時期に農作業を行う事に対する戒めともなっている。
- In some regions of Japan, it is said that the supernatural being called Hange roams about and this is a warning not to do farm work at this time.
- 農林水産大臣は、広域漁業調整委員会及び水産政策審議会に対し、監督上必要な命令又は処分をすることができる。
- The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister may order or dispose of the Wide Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commissions and the Fisheries Policy Council as required for supervision.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定による現地調査を関係行政機関、学校その他適当と認める者に依頼することができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may request relevant administrative organs, educational institutions or other persons whom he/she finds appropriate, to carry out on-site inspections prescribed in paragraph (2) of this Article.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定による通知をしようとするときは、あらかじめ審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
- In the case where the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries intends to give a notification as specified in the preceding paragraph, he/she shall gather the opinion of the Council in advance.
- 冬嗣から基経まで、権門に有利な政策が実施されてきたが、宇多は権門抑制策そして小農民保護策を進めていった。
- Although policy which was advantageous for influential families had been conducted from Fuyutsugo to Mototsune, Emperor Uda promoted the control of such families and protected the peasants.
- この時代は、農業生産力が向上するとともに、地域国家内の流通が発達し、各地に都市が急速に形成されていった。
- During this period, the power to produce agricultural products increased, then these products became circulated more actively within each regional nation, and urban areas were rapidly formed in various parts of Japan.
- 自由農民の保有地が占める割合は、一定範囲内に収まっていたが、小さな荘園では幾分大きくなる傾向が見られた。
- The ratio of the land which free farmers occupied was in a certain range, but in small shoens the ratio tended to be somewhat larger.
- 国衙領については国府が大田文と呼ばれる台帳を作成し、農地の面積や収量を把握し、徴税の基礎資料としていた。
- The provincial governments created registers called 'Ota bumi' (cadastral surveys) for all the kokugaryo, thereby getting a sense of the total agricultural land area and total yield, and so these Ota bumi became the basis of the system of taxation.
- また、砂漠緑化や農業指導などは、日本など発生国以外の国も協力可能であり、実際に各地で活動が行われている。
- The nations where no kosa is produced, such as Japan, can also aid the activities to plant trees in deserts and to guide farming methods, and such activities have actually been done in various places.
- 1980年(昭和55年)に、新潟県農業試験場から1500粒の種子を譲り受け、翌年と翌々年に育成増量した。
- In 1980, he was given 1500 grains of seeds of original Kameno-o variety from the Agricultural Experimental Station of Niigata Prefecture, and sowed them to cultivate and increase its crops during the following two years.
- もんぺは、1930年代頃までは、北海道・東北地方で、防寒用、農作業、または普段着として使われた袴だった。
- Monpe was a kind of Hakama used in Hokkaido and the Tohoku region to keep out the cold, when working in the fields, and used as everyday clothing until the 1930s.
- 香川県農政水産部の見解によれば、20世紀後半から21世紀初頭にかけて4回の讃岐うどんブームが起きている。
- According to the Kagawa Prefecture Agricultural Administration and Fisheries Department, it observed the Sanuki Udon boom four times during the period from the latter half of the twentieth century to the beginning of the twenty-first century.
- 同県立農業試験場にて八反35号/アキツホを交配、1983年に広島県の奨励品種に採用、1984年に品種登録。
- The Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station cross-fertilized Hattan 35/Akitsuho; it was adopted as a recommended variety of Hiroshima Prefecture in 1983, and in 1984 the variety was registered.
- 農林水産大臣は、品種登録出願につき前条第一項の規定により拒絶する場合を除き、品種登録をしなければならない。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall register the variety unless the application for variety registration shall be rejected pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 17.
- 都道府県知事は、前項の規定による命令をしたときは、遅滞なく、その旨を農林水産大臣に報告しなければならない。
- In the event that a prefectural governor has issued an order pursuant to the provision set forth in the preceding paragraph, he/she shall report the fact to the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries without delay.
- 農民の自立が進むと、それまで宮廷に属していた工人も解放されて自立し、手工業が一般的に行われ市場が成立する。
- As farmers made progress towards political independence, artisans also were freed from the control of the imperial court--which had dominated their livelihoods until this point--and achieved independence, leading to the general proliferation of handicrafts and the establishment of markets.
- 山城国南部では山城国一揆が形成され、地域住民(在地支配層の他、農民等も参加)による自治に至った事例もある。
- In the southern part of Yamashiro Province, where the Yamashironokuni Riot occurred, self-government (in addition to regional ruling classes, farmers, etc.) also participated.
- 律令制がほとんど形骸化した10世紀には荒廃して本来京内では禁じられている農地へと転用されることすらあった。
- In the 10th century when the Ritsuryo system became a mere façade, the land was desolated and some areas were diverted to farm lands which was, in general, prohibited in Kyo.
- 「ひでりに備えて、農具や用水の整備にいそしんで農民の育成にあたり、種播期には農民の作業をうまく指揮する。」
- He nurtures farmers while preparing for drought by maintaining farming tools and irrigation channels and leads farmers well when it's time to sow their seeds.'
- 水車はその百年以上も前に、「徒然草」(第五十一段)に記されており、当時には農民達の手で取り付けられていた。
- As described in 'Tsurezuregusa' (Essays in Idleness) (in the 51st section) written 100 or more years ago, water wheels were built and used by farmers themselves at that time.
- しかし、都市部から離れた地域(農村部)では依然として、農業を基盤とした伝統的な行事や生活習慣が続いていた。
- However, traditional events and lifestyles based on agriculture still continued in areas (rural areas) far from urban areas.
- 農耕が始まり人々が定住するようになると、神に対しても定住が求められるようになり、居所としての神社が誕生した。
- When people started to settle in one place with farming becoming their way of life, they wanted their god to stay in one place and hence Shinto shrine came into the existence as a domicile of the god.
- 国は、農産物の価格の著しい変動が育成すべき農業経営に及ぼす影響を緩和するために必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures for mitigating adverse effects of significant price changes of agricultural products on farm management which should be encouraged.
- 江戸時代中期頃、養蚕業が活発化すると、この空間を利用し、農家の住居の屋根裏で養蚕の棚を設置するようになった。
- Around the middle of the Edo period, farmers started to place shelves for raising silkworms in this space under their roof when the sericultural industry grew.
- 農林水産省にてレイメイの乾燥種子に30Krのγ線を照射して突然変異を起こさせ、長野県農事試験場にて系統育種。
- MAFF caused mutation through the 30 Kr gamma irradiation of dry seed of Reimei, and Nagano Agricultural Experiment Station conducted the line breeding.
- 高度成長期以降、日本の社会が工業化するにつれ、農業や漁業を基盤とする地域は、過疎化などに苦しむようになった。
- As Japanese society became industrialized after a period of high economic growth, regional areas dependent on agriculture and fishing faced decline.
- 中世には身分制度や封建社会などが確立され、武具や武士に関わる所作を学ぶ事は、農工商にある者は許されなかった。
- However, in medieval times when the class system of feudal society was established, farmers, artisans, and merchants were not allowed to learn about arms and samurai postures.
- 農林水産大臣は、次に掲げる場合は、相当の期間を指定して、品種登録出願の補正をすべきことを命ずることができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may order the applicant to correct the application for variety registration, designating a reasonable period of time, in any of the following cases;
- 出願者は、一件につき四万七千二百円を超えない範囲内で農林水産省令で定める額の出願料を納付しなければならない。
- The applicant shall pay an application fee in an amount specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries but not exceeding 47,200 yen per application.
- 前条第一項の規定による請求をする者は、実費を勘案して農林水産省令で定める額の手数料を納付しなければならない。
- The person filing a request pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 46 shall pay the fee in an amount to be specified, in consideration of the actual costs, by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 農林水産大臣は、第一項から第三項までの規定による処分をしたときは、遅滞なく、その旨を公示しなければならない。
- Upon the dispositions pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (1) to (3), the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall publicly notify the same without delay.
- かつては滋賀県との境の農村だったが、現在は京都市街地や大阪市のベッドタウンとなり、他地域からの移入者も多い。
- Although Yamashina Ward was once a farm village that bordered Shiga Prefecture, it has become a commuter town for downtown Kyoto and Osaka City and is populated by many residents who moved in from other regions.
- 農奴は法的権利を主張し、地域の慣習に従い、(領主の副収入でもある)法廷料を支払えば訴訟に訴えることもできた。
- The serfs could demand their legal rights or file a suit if paying the fee for the court (the supplementary income for the lords) and following the regional custom.
- 聖職者の保有する荘園は、隣接する在俗領主の荘園よりもはるかに広大な農奴地を持っており、次第に拡大していった。
- The shoens owned by the clericals had much wider serf lands than that of neighboring secular lords and gradually widened.
- こういった背景から、現在のところ、砂漠化防止のため、砂漠緑化と農業の改良を中心とした対策が重要視されている。
- Based on these backgrounds, so far it is considered important, to prevent desertification, to take measures centered on planting tress in deserts and improving farming methods.
- 濁り酒は、農民たちが自家製するどぶろくを含めて、清酒よりも安価で手軽な格下の酒として製造、流通されつづける。
- Unfiltered sake, including Doburoku (unrefined sake) brewed by farmers in their houses, had been continuously produced and distributed as a low-grade liquor which was cheaper and handy than seishu.
- そこからは、多数の鍬や鋤の農耕具、斧の柄などの工具、高杯や鉢などの容器類の各種未製品の木製品が多数検出された。
- A lot of farming tools such as hoes and plows, industrial tools such as ax handles, various unfinished wooden containers such as high cups and pots were found in this area.
- またアカマツは近世日本の農業にとっては非常に使い勝手が良い樹種でもあり、選好して植えられたということもあった。
- Moreover, as the red pine was a handy species and had a lot of usage in Japanese modern agriculture, the people selectively planted them.
- また農作業の合間に里山に入って薪やキノコを得ることは、近世の農民にとって現金収入を得る最も簡便な方法であった。
- Moreover, it was the easiest way to earn cash income for farmers in recent times to collect firewood and mushrooms in Satoyama by making use of their spare time.
- 一種のメシアニズムであるが、弥勒を穀霊とし、弥勒の世を稲の豊熟した平和な世界であるとする農耕民族的観念が強い。
- Although it is a kind of messianism, it shows the strong idea of an agricultural people that considers Miroku as a spirit of grain and that the world of Miroku is a peaceful world with a good harvest of rice.
- このほか仏教と神道の境界が曖昧である農村信仰として、田楽やイタコの口寄せ(交霊)にも太鼓が使われることが多い。
- Besides this, as a farm village belief with the vague boundary between Buddhism and Shintoism, the Japanese drum is also often used in ritual field music (dengaku) and in mouth spiritualism (communication with the spirit) via a Shrine maiden.
- 旅行の形態が職場や地域、農協等の団体旅行から、家族、友人・知人、母娘などの個人・小グループ中心へと移っている。
- People used to travel in large groups such as those of company employees, community groups, and groups of farmers' association members, but nowadays people mainly travel in small groups on private business, such as a family, friends and acquaintances, and mothers and daughters.
- 年神や祖霊を迎える行事の多い大正月に対し、小正月は豊作祈願などの農業に関連した行事や家庭的な行事が中心となる。
- In contrast to Ooshogatsu, which is full of events for welcoming Toshigami (god of the incoming year) and Sorei (ancestral spirit, being the collective of ancestral spirits that have lost their individuality), Koshogatsu is centered around homey events and events relating to agriculture, such as praying for a good harvest.
- これを父本とし、農林6号/双葉から生まれた秀峰を母本として1960年に交配され、昭和の年度をつけて命名された。
- This was taken as the father and cross-fertilized with Shuho, which was born from Norin No.6/Futaba, and in 1960 and it was named after the year of Showa.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定により最高限度を定めようとするときは、関係都道府県知事の意見を聴かなければならない。
- When the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister is going to decide the maximum limit pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, he/she shall hear the opinions of the Governor concerned.
- 農林水産大臣は、出願公表があった後に、前項の規定により名称が変更されたときは、その旨を公示しなければならない。
- Where the denomination, after the publication of application, has been changed pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall publicly notify information to that effect.
- 許可を受けようとする船舶(母船式漁業にあつては、母船又は独航船等)が農林水産大臣の定める条件を満たさないこと。
- The boat (mother ship or a self-navigating boat, etc. in the case of mother ship type fishery) to be permissioned does not satisfy the conditions specified by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister.
- 当時、国衙は在地領主・田堵農民層との闘争でその支配体制が危機に瀕していたため、武力による補強が求められていた。
- At that time, military reinforcements were necessary because the organizational system of Kokuga was threatened by conflict between local landowners and the Tato farmer class.
- 領主の経済生活は、自らが保有する直営地からの収入と、支配下におく農奴からの義務的な貢納によって支えられていた。
- The economical life of the lord consisted of the revenue from the directly managed land of his possession and the obligatory tributes from the subject serfs.
- 国営干拓事業は1933年(昭和8年)から1941年(昭和16年)にかけて行われ、巨椋池は干拓され農地になった。
- The government-run reclamation work was performed between 1933 and 1941 whereby Ogura-ike Pond was drained and was turned into farmland.
- 急速に勢力を拡大した織田信長もその領国内でこの検地を行い、農業生産高とそれに基づく課税台帳の整備に力を入れた。
- Nobunaga ODA, who had such a meteoric rise to power, conducted a land survey of his entire territory, making an effort to maintain both a high agricultural production and accurate tax ledgers.
- この製法で『手延べ干しめんの日本農林規格』を満たしたものについては「手延素麺(てのべそうめん)」に分類される。
- Somen made with this process and satisfying 'Japanese Agricultural Standards for dried noodle stretched by hand' is classified as 'tenobe somen' (literally meaning hand-stretched somen).
- 明治に入ってからも『栽培経済論』を表して文明開化を痛烈に批判して農本主義・鎖国体制の堅持・国産品推奨を主張した。
- Entering the Meiji period, he expressed 'Saibai Keizairon' (literally, 'the theory of cultivating the economies') and severely criticized cultural enlightenment, asserting agricultural fundamentalism, national seclusion and the use of domestically produced goods.
- 政府は、食料、農業及び農村に関する施策を実施するため必要な法制上、財政上及び金融上の措置を講じなければならない。
- The Government shall take legislative, fiscal and financial measures required to implement policies concerning food, agriculture and rural areas.
- 昭和2年頃、旧磐田郡豊田町(旧井通村)役場の農事監督官、熊谷一郎氏が、昭和の不況対策のため新作物として導入した。
- Around 1926, Ichiro Kumagai, who was an inspector of farming at the town office of Toyoda-cho (the former Idoori Village), in the previous Iwata district, introduced ebi-imo into the area as a new crop to deal with the Showa recession.
- 北村祐庵(1650年~1719年)は近江国堅田の豪農で、会席料理と造庭に通じ、幽庵焼きなどにその名を残している。
- Yuan KITAMURA (1650 - 1719) was a wealthy farmer of Katata, Omi Province and was conversant in kaiseki-ryori (set of dishes served on an individual tray for entertaining guests) and landscape gardening, and he left a name in Yuan Yaki (Japanese grill, using meat or fish which are marinated, impaled on long skewers and broiled over hot coals), among other things.
- さらに、天保年間に信濃国の行商人・小林粂左衛門が諏訪地域の農家の副業として寒天作りを広め、角寒天として定着した。
- Further, during the Tenpo era Kumezaemon KOBAYASHI, a peddler from Shinano Province, promoted the manufacture of kanten as a second job among farmers in the Suwa area, and established it as kaku-kanten (agar in the shape of a rectangular bar).
- 農林水産大臣は、第一項の計画を定めたときは、遅滞なく、これを公表するとともに、センターに通知しなければならない。
- In the event that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has established a plan under paragraph 1, he/she shall announce it publicly and notify the Agency without delay.
- 唐代の部曲がヨーロッパの農奴に相当していたが、晩唐以後の混乱によって部曲が自立して一円的な大土地所有も分解した。
- The buqus during the Tang dynasty corresponded to the serfs in Europe, but during the chaos after the late Tang dynasty buqus became independent and the large landholding widely collapsed.
- 国司請負の流れの中で、10世紀後半ごろから国司は田堵(有力農民層のこと)へ官物や雑役などの租税を賦課していった。
- In the line of kokushi ukeoi, kokushi imposed taxation such as kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes), zatsueki (odd-job tasks) and so on to tato (cultivators, powerful farmers) since last half of the 10th century.
- 古くより農業用水として重用され、沿岸の村々が利益を享受していたが、渇水のたびに幾度となく村同士で対立が発生した。
- The water of the river was often used for agricultural use, benefiting villages along it, but in droughts, the villages were often brought into conflict with each other.
- 一方、黄砂の影響を受けている韓国や日本なども、木材や農産物の輸入などを通して間接的に関わっているとの見方がある。
- On the other hand, there also exists a view of considering that Korea and Japan, which have been affected by kosa, are responsible indirectly as well, for example, through importation of woods and agricultural products.
- 長く続いた平和によって経済が発達し、町人文化が興るなかで武術は余暇の楽しみとして都市部や農村地帯で広く行われた。
- As the peace which lasted for a long time developed the economy and produced the townsmen culture, bujutsu was practiced for pleasure in the spare time widely in both the urban and the rural agricultural areas.
- 2007年(平成19年)、「宇和島」と地名を冠し、「宇和島鯛めし」として農林水産省の「郷土料理百選」に選ばれた。
- In 2007, with 'Uwajima' added to the beginning of the name of the area, 'Uwajima Tai Meshi' was selected as one of 'the hundred best local dishes' organized by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 現在の日本では、一部を除いてほとんど利用されなくなっており、地方農村でも埃をかぶるに任せられているのが現状である。
- The kamado in Japan nowadays is hardly used except by some people, and even in local farming communities people have let it collect a thick coat of dust.
- 政府は、第一項の規定により基本計画を定めようとするときは、食料・農業・農村政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
- The Government shall seek opinions from the Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies in establishing the basic plan under the provision of paragraph 1.
- 民家には建設された当時の生活状況が反映されており、生業(農業、商業など)や伝統行事と結び付いた要素が多く見られる。
- In the way they were built minka reflected aspects of lifestyle, being closely linked to work (farming or commerce) and traditional events.
- 平家の落人伝承を持つ徳島県三好市東祖谷(旧東祖谷山村)にも「武家屋敷」と呼ばれる住まいがある(外観は農家と同じ)。
- There is a house called 'Buke Yashiki' in Higashiiya in Miyoshi City, Tokushima Prefecture, which has a legend about the survivors of the Taira family (its exterior appears to be a farmhouse).
- 中世までは武士はそれぞれの領地に住んでいたが、近世になり兵農分離が行われると、城下町に集まって住むよう強制された。
- Samurai used to live in their local domains in the medieval period, but after the Sengoku period soldiers did not need to farm and were forced to live in castle towns leaving their farmlands behind.
- 農林1号、コシヒカリ、ササニシキ、五百万石、たかね錦など戦後日本の代表的なコメの種類はほとんどがこの後代にあたる。
- Nearly all the representative rice varieties in Japan after the war, such as Norin ichigo, Koshihikari, Sasanishiki, Gohyakumangoku and Takane nishiki, have been later generations of this variety.
- 同県農業試験場にて絶滅種と復刻種/西海222号(山田錦-89H624)を交配、2005年山口県産地品種銘柄に指定。
- The Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station cross-fertilized an extinct variety and revived variety/Saikai No.222 (Yamada nishiki-89H624), and in 2005 it was designated as a brand variety of the growing district of Yamaguchi Prefecture.
- 同県農業総合センター酒米試験地にて山田錦/中国31号を交配、1982年兵庫県奨励品種に採用、1983年に品種登録。
- Sakamai Experiment Station of Hyogo Agriculture Institute cross-fertilized Yamada nishiki/Chugoku No.31; it was adopted as a recommended variety of Hyogo Prefecture, and the variety was registered in 1983.
- 農林省園芸試験場において長橋温州にジョッパオレンジを受粉させた珠心胚実生から選抜され、1971年に品種登録された。
- It was selected from nucellar seedlings, made by pollinization of Joppa orange to Nagahashi unshu at the Horticultural Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and it was registered as a variety in 1971.
- 農林省園芸試験場において杉山温州にトロビタオレンジを受粉させた珠心胚実生から選抜され、1971年に品種登録された。
- It was selected from nucellar seedlings, made by pollinization of the Torovita orange to Sugiyama unshu at the Horticultural Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and it was registered as a variety in 1971.
- 農林水産大臣は、毎年少なくとも一回、水産政策審議会に対し、指定漁業の許可及び起業の認可の状況を報告するものとする。
- The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister shall report the states of the permissions and approvals on business commencement for designated fisheries to the Fisheries Policy Council at least once every year.
- 農林水産大臣は、第一項の政令の制定又は改廃の立案をしようとするときは、水産政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
- In the case where the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister is going to plan the establishment or abolition of the Cabinet Order of paragraph (1), he/she shall hear the opinions of the Fisheries Policy Council.
- 外国小分け業者が第十九条の四の規定に基づき、小分け後の当該農林物資又はその包装若しくは容器に格付の表示を付する場合
- In the case where an overseas Subdivider affixes a Grade Label pursuant to the provisions of Article 19-4 to the subdivided agricultural and forestry product, its package or container.
- 国は、食料、農業及び農村に関する情報の提供等を通じて、基本理念に関する国民の理解を深めるよう努めなければならない。
- The national government shall endeavor to enhance the citizens' better understanding of the basic principles by providing relevant information on food, agriculture and rural areas.
- 農林水産大臣は、登録認定機関が第十七条各号のいずれかに該当するに至つたときは、その登録を取り消さなければならない。
- If a Registered Certifying Body falls under any of the items under Article 17, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall cancel its Accreditation.
- 日本農林規格の制定、改正又は廃止は、その施行期日を定め、その期日の少なくとも三十日前に公示してしなければならない。
- The enactment, amendment or abolition of Japanese Agricultural Standards shall be carried out by public notification at least thirty (30) days in advance to the specified enforcement date.
- 佃戸は荘客・地客・佃僕・客戸とも呼ばれ、中には自己の土地を持つ自作農が生活の資のために佃戸の役目を担う例もあった。
- The denko was also called shokyaku, jikyaku, tsukudaboku, kyakko and among them some independent farmers who had his own land played a role of denko for a living.
- 棚田日本の棚田百選一覧に選ばれた「毛原の棚田」では、毎年「棚田農業体験ツアー」や「棚田オーナー制度」を設けていた。
- As for the 'tanada (terraced paddy field) in Kehara,' which was selected as one of the Top 100 Terraced Paddy Fields in Japan, Oe-cho had set up the 'tanada farming tour' and the 'ownership system for the tanada.'
- 雑務沙汰に含まれるのは、例えば金銭貸借、農地等の年紀売・永年沽却、奴婢の売買など、債権や動産に関する相論であった。
- Zatsumusata included loan and personal property suits, such as, money loan, sales contract or longtime disposal of farmland or others, and slave trading.
- 班田収授法(はんでんしゅうじゅのほう)とは、古代日本において施行された農地(田)の支給・収容に関する法体系である。
- 'Handen Shuju-no-ho' (the law of periodic reallocations of rice land) was a legal system related to provision and expropriation of agricultural land (rice land), enforced in ancient Japan.
- 元は中国古典に見られる『勧課農桑』という句が略されたもので、日本では律令において国司の職務とされたのが初見である。
- Originally, kanno was a shortened term for 'kankanoso' written in the Chinese classics and in Japan that was first regarded as the duty of kokushi in the ritsuryo system of governance (a constitutional form of governance).
- 伝統的な杜氏は、夏場は自分の村で農業を営んで、夏のあいだに蔵元が杜氏を村に訪ね、その秋から始まる醸造の計画を練る。
- During the summer, a traditional toji is in farming in his village, and the brewery that he works for visits him to make a plan of brewing which starts in the autumn of that year.
- 同県農業総合試験場作物研究所にてあ系酒101/五百万石を交配、1983年愛知県奨励品種に採用、1985年に品種登録。
- The crop research institute of Aichi Agricultural Research Center cross-fertilized A-kei sake 101/Gohyakumangoku; the variety was adopted as a recommended variety of Aichi Prefecture in 1983 and registered in 1985.
- 昭和初期の隆盛までは同県内で多く栽培されていたが、穂丈が高く、現代の農法にあわず、昭和時代中期になっていったん絶滅。
- It was grown extensively in Tottori Prefecture until the prosperous time at the beginning of the Showa period, but since it wasn't suitable for modern growing method due to its large ear height, it became distinct in the middle of the Showa period.
- やがて1996年、九州大学に保存されていた12粒の種籾から酒米作りを専門とする農家が復刻にとりくみ、1999年成功。
- Then, in 1996, a farmer who specialized in sakamai production tried to revive it from twelve grains of seed rice kept by Kyushu University, and in 1999 his effort succeeded.
- 前二項の規定により都道府県知事又は農林水産大臣が定をしたときは、その定めるところにより協議がととのつたものとみなす。
- In the case where the Governor(s) concerned or the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister has decided the matter pursuant to the provision of the preceding two paragraphs, the conference shall be deemed to have reached a conclusion as decided.
- 漁業生産力の発展に特に寄与すると農林水産大臣が認める試験研究又は新技術の企業化のために使用する船舶についてされた申請
- An application filed with respect to a boat to be used for the experimental research or the commercialization of a new technology found to especially contribute to the development of fishery productivity by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister)
- 地頭たちは荘園・公領において、勧農の実施などを通じて自らの支配を拡大していったため、荘園領主との紛争が多く発生した。
- The jitos operated the kanno (encouragement of agriculture) in shoen and koryo and expanded their dominance and so many disputes with the lords of shoens happened.
- 争乱の排除をめざして浄土真宗本願寺教団によって組織された武士、農民、商工業者などによって形成された宗教的自治である。
- In an effort to avoid disturbances, the leadership of the Jodo Shinshu Honganji organization organized its followers of warriors, farmers, and craftsmen/merchants, thereby instituting a religiously based autonomous government over them.
- 一般的に米をはじめとする穀物、野菜、豆類、果物などの農作物、魚介類や海藻といった海産物、鳥類の肉などがよく使われる。
- Generally, farm products, such as grain, including rice, vegetables, beans, and fruits, marine products, such as fish and shellfish, seaweed, and meat, such as that of birds, are mostly used.
- 農業類に関する行事も戦前ごろまで大きな行事であったが、農家の減少や機械化により農村部以外では行われないようになった。
- Although events concerning agriculture, etc. were major events around before the war, they are only held in rural areas due to decreased farmers and mechanization.
- 1階には船揚場、物置、作業場があり、出漁の準備、漁具の手入れ、魚干物の乾場や農産物の置き場などと幅広く活用されている。
- Provided with a non-sea area where a boat is to be placed, a storage room and a working space, the first floor is used for various purposes, such as for maintaining fishing gear, for drying fish and for storing agricultural products.
- 1959年の東京農業大学の平山教授の報告書では二つの例が報告されていたがほとんど地面に埋もれ修復も困難な状況であった。
- In a report by professor Hirayama's of Tokyo University of Agriculture in 1959, there were two examples cited, but most were buried in the ground and this was a difficult situation for restoration.
- 農山漁村においては過疎化・高齢化が進み、地域の人々が培ってきた伝統的な文化が失われつつあり、その継承が危ぶまれている。
- In rural areas, populations are aging and decreasing, so traditional culture is being lost and it is unlikely to be passed on to future generations.
- 農林水産大臣は、前二項の政令の制定又は改廃に当たってその立案をするときは、水産政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries plans to establish, revise, or abolish Cabinet Orders set forth in the preceding two paragraphs, he/she shall first hear the opinion of the Fisheries Policy Council.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の勧告に従わない指定種苗の生産を業とする者又は種苗業者があるときは、その旨を公表することができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may, where any person producing the designated seeds in the course of business or any seed dealer fails to comply with the recommendation issued under paragraph (2) of this Article, publish the fact of non-compliance.
- 業務規程には、認定の実施方法、認定に関する料金の算定方法その他の農林水産省令で定める事項を定めておかなければならない。
- The Service Rules shall include the method of undertaking the Certification, the method of calculating charges and fees related to the Certification and other matters as specified in MAFF Ordinance.
- 兵力として藩士からなる正規兵だけでなく、町民や農民、無頼の徒や他国藩士によって結成された混成部隊が戦力とされ活躍した。
- Not only the regular soldiers consisting of retainers but also mixed forces consisting of townspeople, peasants, outlaws, and retainers from other domains played an active part in their military forces.
- 屯田制下の人民は、各郡の典農中郎将、各県の典農都尉によって、一般の農村行政とは別に軍事組織と結びついた形で統治された。
- The citizens under the Tonden system were controlled separately from ordinary agricultural management and linked to military organizations by the Tennochurosho in each district, Tennotoi in each prefecture.
- 干拓地の農地は近鉄京都線(当時は奈良電気鉄道)を基準として区割りされたことから、周囲の条里制の区割りとは異なっている。
- Subdivision of farmland in the drained land was based on Kintetsu Kyoto Line (then Nara Electric Railway) that is different from subdivision by Jorisei (system of land subdivision in ancient Japan) which remained in effect in the surrounding areas.
- 平安時代中葉の10世紀後期から11世紀の頃、地方の有力農民である田堵(たと)による田地開発とその私有地化が活発化した。
- In the mid-Heian period, from the late 10th century to the 11th century, farmland development and their privatization by Tato, local powerful farmers, had been accelerated.
- In the middle of the Heian period, around the late tenth century to eleventh century, development and privatization of rice fields by locally influential farmers called Tato (cultivators) were accelerated.
- その中で、荘園領主による勧農は、百姓や名主も期待するところであり、例として年貢の減免や雑役人夫への給付などが行われた。
- Meanwhile, the kanno by shoen owners was expected by farmers or myoshu, for example, the exemption of nengu or benefits for laborers and so on.
- 平安時代中期ごろに律令制が崩壊し、荘園・国衙領を支配単位とする体制が確立していくと、勧農の内容も次第に変質していった。
- Around the middle of the Heian period, the ritsuryo governmental system collapsed, a system whereby shoen and kokuga region were governing units was established and the contents of kanno gradually changed.
- 複数の要素が重なって、旧来の奴隷の地位と旧来の自由農民の地位を併せ持ったコロヌスという従属的な階級が生まれたのである。
- With several factors, the subservient class called colonus, which had both the traditional status of slaves and traditional status of free farmers, was born.
- いっぽう、商工業の発展や郷村制の成立にともなって、都市の商工業者(町衆)や農民のあいだにも新しい文化がうまれていった。
- Meanwhile, with the development of commerce and industry and the establishment of Gosonsei system (the self-governing system of coalitions of villages), a new style of culture developed among commercial and industrial workers in urban areas (Machishu) as well as peasants.
- また上記概要にも記述があるが、個々の信仰は別として的屋は職業神として神農を祀り博徒は職業神として天照大神を祀っている。
- As mentioned above, they had different beliefs, with tekiya worshipping Shinno, and gamblers worshipping Amaterasu Okami as the god of business, whether each believes which religion or not.
- 御土居の囲む範囲は当時の市街地に比べ極めて広く、西部や北部においては第2次世界大戦後まで農地が広がっていた場所すらある。
- The area surrounded by Odoi was extremely large compared to the urban area at that time, and some areas at the west and at the north were farmlands until the end of the Second World War.
- まず、旧豊田町気子島地区の農家によって試作され、昭和6年に出荷組合(組合長 内藤氏)によって生産販売の基礎がつくられた。
- It was first produced as a trial by a farmer in the Kegojima area in the former Toyoda cho, and in 1931, the basis for production and sales was laid by a shipping association (chair: Mr. Naito).
- 前項の協議が成立せず、又は協議をすることができないときは、同項に規定する者は、農林水産大臣の裁定を申請することができる。
- Where no agreement has been reached by the consultations set forth in paragraph (1) of this Article, or if such consultation has been unable to take place, the person provided in the said paragraph may apply for an arbitration decision with the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項に規定する場合には、その職員に現地調査を行わせ、又は種苗管理センターに栽培試験を行わせるものとする。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall cause officers of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to carry out on-site inspections or cause the NCSS to carry out growing tests in the case prescribed in paragraph (1) of this Article.
- 翌年(723年)には開墾推進政策の一環として三世一身法が発布され、期限付きではあるが開墾農地(墾田)の私有が認められた。
- In 723, as a part of the land cultivation promotion program, Sanze-isshin Law (a law allowing farmers who cleared new lands to own them for a period of three generations) was promulgated and the private ownership of newly cultivated land was approved though it had a time limit.
- また京都に住む天皇のため禁裏御料地として宮中に献上する作物を栽培したほか、近郊農村として京都の市民に野菜などを供給した。
- It also served as an Imperial estate for cultivating food to supply farm products to the Emperor living in Kyoto and as a suburban farmland to supply citizens of Kyoto City with vegetables.
- 殿原衆(地侍)と全人衆(商工業者・周辺農民)からなる「堅田衆」による自治が行われており、「堅田湖族」とも呼ばれてもいた。
- In Katata, they governed themselves, by 'Katata-shu' (autonomous organization in Katata) composed of Tonobara-shu (a group of Jizamurai [local samurai]) and Zenjin-shu (a group of artisans, tradesmen and farmers) and they were also called 'Katata Kozoku' (autonomous organization in Katata).
- 一方では独自性を保つために、在地の農業経営に専念する名主層や百姓らと連携して、国人一揆を結成する国人層も少なくなかった。
- However, not a few kokujin organized the Kokujin-ikki (union) in cooperation with the myoshu (owner of rice fields) stratum immersed in farm management, peasants and others, in an attempt to keep individuality.
- 黄砂が降り注ぎ積もることにより、建物の窓、洗濯物が汚れたり、農作物の生育不良を起こしたりといった、物理的被害が最も多い。
- The kosa that falls and accumulates causes various kinds of physical damage, such as making building windows and washed clothes dirty and hindering the growth of agricultural products.
- 日本農林規格(JAS規格)の『乾めん類品質表示基準』にて、機械麺の場合、素麺の麺の太さは直径1.3mm未満とされている。
- According to 'Quality Labeling Standards for instant noodles' by the Japan Agricultural Standards (JAS), thickness of the machine-made somen is defined to be no more than 1.3 mm in diameter.
- また中華文明圏に由来する神農の神は、そもそも漢方薬の神であり、日本においても薬は漢方由来のものが歴史的にも多く存在した。
- Shinno was originally from Chinese Civilization and was the god of Chinese medicine, from which many historical traditional medicines were derived in Japan.
- 有岡はこのような状況を評して、弥生式農耕の開始以降、平成期ほど里山が樹木に覆い尽くされている時代は無かったと指摘している。
- Arioka qualifies such a situation and points out that since the beginning of the Yayoi style agriculture, there has been no period like the Heisei Period in which Satoyama is so densely covered with trees.
- 一方、明治以降、東北地方において、当初士族層・一定の資力のある農民・マタギの間でクマタカによる雪山の鷹狩が広がりを見せた。
- However, after Meiji Period in the Tohoku Region, Taka-gari in the snowcapped mountains using mountain hawk-eagle had spread among the warrior class, rich farmer, and Matagi hunter groups, at an early stage.
- 政府は、前項の講じようとする施策を明らかにした文書を作成するには、食料・農業・農村政策審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
- The Government shall seek opinions from the Council of Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Policies, in preparing a document explaining the policies the Government is going to implement as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
- 農林水産大臣は、工作物がさく河魚類の通路を害すると認めるときは、その所有者又は占有者に対し、除害工事を命ずることができる。
- In the event that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries considers that the structure interferes with the route for the anadromous fish, he/she may order the owners or possessors of such structure to carry out work to remove the interference.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定により通知を受けた者が当該異議申立てに参加することを求めたときは、これを許可しなければならない。
- Where the person who received a notice pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of this Article requests to participate in the said application of an objection, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall permit him/her to do so.
- 幅が約1.5メートル、長さが約10メートルにも及ぶかまぼこのような形をした大きな壕で、戦後は農機具庫として利用されていた。
- This was a hog-backed big shelter which measured up to approximately 1.5 m in width and 10 m in length and was used as a storage for agricultural instruments after the war.
- 同様に、農奴の保有地と自由農民の保有地の割合には地域差が大きく、領地での農作業に係る賃金・労役への依存度を大きく左右した。
- Likewise, the ratio of the serfs' lands and the free farmers' lands largely varied in each region and thus the dependency on the wage and labor services concerned with the agricultural work in the lands also largely varied.
- 記録上は、8世紀=奈良時代を通じて順調に農地の支給(班田)が行われているが、800年の記録を最後に班田は行われなくなった。
- According to the records available, fields were supplied to people (called handen) steadily throughout the eighth century (or the Nara period), but the supply of fields stopped after 800.
- そのため、日本の農林水産省は「正しい日本食を理解してもらうための日本食の評価」を日本国外の日本食店に行う計画をうちだした。
- For this reason, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Japan announced a plan to 'assess Japanese food for the purpose of correct understanding of Japanese food' covering Japanese restaurants outside Japan.
- 江戸時代においては、農村部で大小便(し尿)を農作物を栽培する際の肥料としても使うようになり、高価で取引されるようになった。
- In rural areas during the Edo period, human waste came to be used as manure for growing agricultural crops and was traded at a high price.
- 各地の神農会を構成、運営していた「庭主」(世話役のこと)も、諸事情により その円滑な運営をなしえない状態にあるものもある。
- There were cases where, for various reasons, the 'niwanushi' (literally 'head of the niwaba,' they were kind of stewards), who organized and managed the Shinno Association of each district, was unable to ensure smooth operations.
- 一方村落では材料のススキ・チガヤ・稲藁などの入手が容易であり、農閑期に共同作業で材料の入手と屋根の補修を行なうことができた。
- On the other hand, it was easier to obtain the material such as Japanese pampas grass, cogon or rice straw in villages and it was possible to jointly gather these materials and repair roofs during the agricultural off-season.
- この章に規定する農林水産大臣の権限に属する事務の一部は、政令で定めるところにより、都道府県知事が行うこととすることができる。
- Some of the affairs belonging to the authority of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister provided in this Chapter may be performed by Governors as provided in a Cabinet Order.
- 都道府県知事は、第一項又は第三項の認可をしたときは、漁業権者の名称その他の農林水産省令で定める事項を公示しなければならない。
- When the Governor concerned has granted an approval of paragraph (1) or paragraph (3), he/she shall publicly notify the name of the fishery right holder and other matters prescribed in an Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 何人も、農林物資又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に格付の表示を付してはならない。ただし、次に掲げる場合には、この限りでない。
- No person shall affix a Grade Label to any agricultural and forestry product, its package, container or invoice. However, this shall not apply to the following cases:
- 前年の1180年が極端に降水量が少ない年であり、干魃により農産物の収穫量が激減、翌年には京都を含め西日本一帯が飢饉に陥った。
- The rainfall in 1180 was well below normal, and crop yields decreased significantly due to drought, and the entire western Japan including Kyoto was plagued by famine the following year.
- 武士は私営田の開発領主であり、その起源は、抵抗する配下の農奴と介入する受領に対抗するために「武装した大農園主」が起源とする。
- The bushi were the kaihatsu-ryoshu of shieiden (private lands directly governed by powerful families) and they originally came from 'armed planters' to counteract subservient serfs and interfering zuryo (the head of the provincial governors).
- 農林水産業などが基幹産業である地域で自治や公共事業として灌漑用水路や溜池、林道や筏場、港湾や防波堤などの普請が行われてきた。
- In areas where the key industries were agriculture, forestry, and fishing, various forms of fushin were executed through public works projects by the local government, such as fushin for constructing irrigation canals, ponds, logging roads, rafting routes, harbors and breakwaters.
- 元々は農業神であったが、後に性や愛欲を司る神とされ、さらには人肉、もしくは生きた人間の心臓を食らう夜叉神とされるようになった。
- Dakiniten was originally a goddess of farming, but later came to be assumed to govern sexual desire and later came to be assumed to be a female fierce god eating human flesh or live human hearts.
- 水産品のせりは午前5時20分から、農産品のせりは午前6時からと午前9時45分から、うち近郷野菜に限って午前11時から行われる。
- The auction of fishery products begins at 5:20 a.m., agricultural products at 6:00 a.m. and again at 9:00 a.m., and the auction for vegetables from local farmers starts at 11:00 a.m.
- また雄町(わたりぶね)は1895年に滋賀県立農事試験場にて備前雄町から選抜された系統であるため、よく「雄町渡船」と表記される。
- As Omachi (Wataribune) was a line selected from Bizen omachi in 1895 by Shiga Agricultural Experiment Station, it is often described as 'Omachi wataribune.'
- かつての日本的儒教=朱子学は武士や一部の農民・町民など限られた範囲の道徳であったが、近代天皇制のもとでは国民全体に強要された。
- The former Japanese Ju-kyo, or Neo-Confucianism was ethics for a limited target, such as samurai, certain farmers, and townsmen, but under the modern emperor system, it was imposed on all citizens.
- 農林水産大臣は、品種登録出願が次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、その品種登録出願について、文書により拒絶しなければならない。
- Where an application for variety registration falls under any of the following items, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall reject, in writing, the application for variety registration:
- この法律に規定する農林水産大臣の権限に属する事務の一部は、政令で定めるところにより、都道府県知事が行うこととすることができる。
- It may be possible to cause a part of office work set forth in this Act and under the authority of the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to be handled by a prefectural governor as provided for in a Cabinet Order.
- 旧両町間を結ぶ道路などは、JR小浜線(天狗山トンネル)、農道若狭梅街道(若狭トンネル)、国道27号(倉見峠)の三つのみである。
- There are only three routes that connect Old Kaminaka-cho and Old Mikata-cho: the JR Obama Line (Tenguyama Tunnel), Wakasa Ume-kaido agricultural road (Wakasa Tunnel), National Route 27 (Kurami-toge Mountain Pass).
- 世界各地の農業社会では、その初期の頃から、播種期に種子を貸与し、収穫期に利子を付けて返済させる慣行が生まれたと考えられている。
- In the agrarian society worldwide, it is thought that a system, in which seeds were loaned to peasants in the planting season to make them pay back the loaned seeds and the born interest in the harvesting season, was launched in the early days.
- また、農業用水の配分調整や水路・道路の普請(修築)、大川での渡し船の運営など、日常生活に必要な事柄も主体的に取り組んでいった。
- The soson also worked voluntarily on matters that were necessary for daily life, such as adjustments in the distribution of agricultural water, the construction or repair of channels and roads, the operation of the ferry at Okawa, etc.
- そのため、潅漑用水を開発したり、自らの私営田を一般百姓に耕作させるなどの勧農行為をとおして、在地に対する支配力を強めていった。
- For this reason, they developed an irrigation plan and strengthened the governance over the local regions through the kanno acts which made ordinary farmers cultivate their own private rice fields and so on.
- 反面、通信使の往来路であると否とにかかわらず、武蔵・相模以西の東海道・畿内・西国の農民には労役の提供や費用の負担が求められた。
- On the other hand, regardless of the route Tsushinshi took, it was requested for farmers in the Tokaido, Kinai, Saigoku regions located to the west of the Musashi and Sagami Provinces to provide physical labor and to bear costs.
- その醸造の現場へ地元の農民を派遣して技能を習得させ、やがては領民だけの力で藩造酒(はんぞうしゅ)の生産が可能になるよう図った。
- They also sent local peasants to actual brewing sites so that they could learn brewing skills which would enable them to produce hanzoshu (local sake brewed by a clan) without experts' help afterward.
- 農林水産省にてたかね錦の乾燥種子に30Krのガンマ線を照射して突然変異を起こさせ、長野県農事試験場にて第2世代の個体選抜を実施。
- MAFF caused mutation by 30 Kr gamma irradiation of dry seed of Takane nishiki, and Nagano Agricultural Experiment Station carried out the individual selection of the second generation.
- また1980年代ごろまでは、ほとんどの蔵(酒造メーカー)は農業協同組合などから一括して酒米を買い入れ、これを精米し醸造していた。
- Until the 1980s, most breweries (sake manufacturers) bought sakamai collectively from agricultural cooperatives and polished such rice for brewing.
- 農林水産大臣は、出願者に対し、出願品種の審査のために必要な出願品種の植物体の全部又は一部その他の資料の提出を命ずることができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may order the applicant to submit entire plants or parts of plants of the applied variety or other material necessary for examination of the applied variety.
- 次の各号に掲げる者は、当該各号に定める場合には、当該出願の時に、農林水産省令で定めるところにより、優先権を主張することができる。
- Any person listed in any of the following items may, if the conditions prescribed respectively in those items are met, claim a right of priority at the time of filing the application, pursuant to the provisions of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 久御山町の農業の発展に道路網は大きく貢献しており、2000年代になって相次いで開通した新しい道路網により、今後の見通しは明るい。
- The road network greatly contributes to the development of agriculture in Kumiyama-cho, and new road networks which opened in the 2000s are brightening its prospects.
- これらは、本来、農民による生産を促進・拡大を意図したものだったが、一方では、支配者にとって租税収入を確保するという側面もあった。
- These were originally intended to promote and enhance production of farmers, and also ensued tax collection for the rulers.
- 農奴が保有財産を転貸することは珍しくなく、13世紀頃からは領地(領主の直轄地)での労役の代わりに金銭納入が行われるようになった。
- It was not rare for the serfs to sublease their estate, and from the thirteenth century the payment of money began instead of labor services on the land (the land directly controlled by the lords).
- 妖怪としては、空気の流動が農作物や漁業への被害をあたえる、人間の体内に入って病気の原因となるという、中世の信仰から生まれたもの。
- Fujin as a ghost originated from the medieval superstition that the flow of the air not only damaged agricultural products and fishing, but also got into the human body and caused disease.
- 国は、基本理念の実現に資することができるよう、食料、農業及び農村に関する団体の効率的な再編整備につき必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures for efficient restructuring of the bodies relevant to food, agriculture and rural areas, which contribute to the realization of the basic principles.
- 肥料等は必要なく生育の手間も殆ど要らないが、大量のきれいな水のある場所に生育が限定されるため、栽培の難しい農作物としても知られる。
- Though neither fertilizer nor labor is required in cultivation, it is known as a kind of farm product whose cultivation is difficult because it can only be cultivated in a place where abundant fresh water is available.
- 農林水産大臣は、前二項に規定する場合のほか、登録外国認定機関が次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、その登録を取り消すことができる。
- In addition to the cases prescribed in the preceding two paragraphs, when the Registered Overseas Certifying Body falls under any of the following items, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may cancel the relevant Accreditation.
- そうした流れの中で16世紀中葉に登場した織田信長は、兵農分離などにより自領の武力を強力に組織化して急速に支配地域を拡大していった。
- Nobunaga ODA who appeared around the middle of the 16th century established a strong fighting organization in his territory, for example, by separating samurai from the farmers, and rapidly expanding his territory.
- 彼らは必要な農具や耕牛の提供を所有者や管理者から受けながら荘園内の耕地を耕作して租税や小作料を納めた他、荘園内の労働にも従事した。
- They received necessary farming implements and cattle for cultivation from the owners or the managers, cultivated the farmlands in shoens, paid taxes and farm rent and did labor services in the shoens.
- このため、周辺から流入する生活排水や農業排水の排出が滞ることになり、水質悪化による漁獲量の減少、マラリアの発生などの問題が生じた。
- Consequently, it led to a situation where domestic sewage and agricultural runoff in the surrounding areas became backed up, contributing to various problems including reduced catches of fish due to the deteriorated water quality and outbreak of malaria.
- 平均してみれば、領地(領主の直轄地)は耕地可能な土地のおよそ3分の1を占有し、農奴の保有地はそれよりも広いというケースが多かった。
- On average, the land (the land directly controlled by the lords) occupied more than one-third of the cultivatable lands and the lands owned by serfs were wider than these.
- 明治維新いらい、以前の庄内藩の農政の影響もあって、山形県庄内地方は他地域では類を見ないほど民間での米に対する探究心は旺盛であった。
- Since the Meiji Restoration, people of Shonai Region in Yamagata Prefecture had an unparalled strong inquiring mind about rice cultivation, encouraged partly by their agricultural administration of previous governers of Shonai Domain.
- そのため、ユダヤ教のラビ(祭司)が視察・検査のため、日本にある八丁味噌の製造工場や、日本茶の農園や加工場などを訪れるようになった。
- Therefore, Judaistic rabbis have become to visit factories to manufacture haccho miso (bean paste) and farms growing tea and tea-processing factories, for inspection and checks.
- 茅葺や藁葺のかまどを併設する農家や茶室建築の入母屋屋根の妻は、壁の変わりに開口し格子を設けて「煙ぬき」という換気口とすることがある。
- The gables of irimoya style roofs used for farmhouse and tea house buildings with an attached furnace thatched with grass or straw sometimes have an opening with a lattice for ventilation, called a 'kemurinuki,' instead of the wall.
- カレーソースにジャガイモを入れることを考案したのは、札幌農学校の教師として来日していたウィリアム・スミス・クラークだといわれている。
- The person who came up with the idea of adding potatoes into a curry sauce is considered to be William Smith CLARK, who had been residing in Japan as a teacher at Sapporo Agricultural School.
- 同県農業総合センター酒米試験地にて兵系25号F1/東近系1011 を交配、1977年奨励品種決定調査等に供され、1983年品種登録。
- Sakamai Experiment Station of Hyogo Agriculture Institute cross-fertilized Hei-kei No.25 F1/Tokin-kei 1011; the result was used in a survey for the determination of recommended varieties in 1977, and in 1983 the variety was registered.
- 南部杜氏伝承館、南部杜氏会館、南部杜氏歴史民族資料館、石鳥谷農業伝承館など多くの南部杜氏に関する歴史や文物の展示施設が点在している。
- Many exhibition facilities for history and documents and materials concerning Nanbu toji such as Nanbu Toji Denshokan (museum of tradition of Nanbu toji), Nanbu Toji Kaikan (clubhouse for Nanbu toji), Nanbu Toji Rekishi Minzoku Shiryokan (museum of historical and cultural materials concerning Nanbu toji), and Ishidoriya Nogyo Denshokan (Ishidoriya museum of agricultural tradition) are scattered.
- 第三項又は前項の協議がととのわないときは、都道府県知事は、農林水産大臣に対して、これに代るべき定をすべきことを申請することができる。
- In the case where the conference of the paragraph (3) or the preceding paragraph does not reach any conclusion, the Governor concerned may file an application to decide the matter with the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister.
- また副業として手延べ素麺を製造している兼業農家も多く、その手延べ素麺は日本三大手延べ素麺“三輪素麺”として全国に知られ愛好者も多い。
- Many part-time farmers produce hand-stretched fine white noodles as their side business, and the noodles are famous as 'Miwa Somen,' one of the three greatest hand-stretched fine noodles in Japan and are greatly loved.
- カザフスタンでは、アラル海の例を見ると分かるように、農業政策の失敗により地下水や湖水をくみ上げすぎるなどして、土地の乾燥化が進んだ。
- In Kazakhstan, as known from the example in the Aral Sea, inappropriate agricultural policies caused underground water and wake water to be pumped excessively, expanding dry areas.
- JAS(日本農林規格)では、醤油の品質基準に、含有する窒素分、無塩可溶性固形分(エキス分)、アルコールの量に従って格付けされている。
- JAS (Japan Agricultural Standards) rates soy-sauce according to the amount of contained nitrogen, unsalted soluble solid contents (extract), and alcohol as quality standards.
- 静岡県では、1990年代に入るとそれらの酵母に適合する酒米の開発に力を注ぎ、1998年に県農業試験場にて山田錦へのγ線照射を行なった。
- Since the early 1990s, Shizuoka Prefecture had endeavored to develop sakamai that matches such yeasts and, in 1998, the prefectural agricultural experiment station conducted the gamma irradiation of Yamada nishiki.
- 干拓後の農地における用水利用を考慮し、池の底部を小倉堤や池に点在した島で埋めた程度で、ほとんどがポンプを用いた排水によって干拓された。
- Water from post drainage used to irrigate farm land was taken into consideration, with water drained using pumps and with landfills filled only to the degree that the bottom of the pond was filled with earth from Ogura-zutsumi Dike and islands dotting the pond.
- こうした動きは、鎌倉時代になると一層顕著となり、鎌倉中期には荘園領主と在地領主との間で勧農権をめぐる相論(訴訟)が頻発するようになる。
- Such a move became more prominent during the Kamakura period and lawsuits over the right of kanno between shoen owners and local landlords occurred frequently during the middle of the Kamakura period.
- 朝鮮王朝は農本主義を国是としており、本来なら国内で産出することの無い必要最小限の物資の入手を除けば外国との交易を必要としていなかった。
- The Korean Dynasty maintained the government policy that the agriculture should be the base of the country's economy, and they basically had no need to trade with foreign countries except for some materials which were not produced within the country.
- 高野聖のうちには、その離農的な性格から、いわゆる山師的なものもおり、それらが温泉を探り当てた際に宗祖たる空海の名を借用したともいわれる。
- Some of the Koya-hijiri, being not farmer-like originality, were provided with a yamashi (person engaged in work in mountains, such as woodcutters, etc.)-like character, and it is also said that, when finding a hot spring, they borrowed the name of Kukai, the founder of their sect.
- のちに主流は山城国に移り、土木・農耕技術によって嵯峨野を開墾開拓し、機織り・木工・金工などの技術者を多く抱えて、技術者集団をなしていた。
- Later, mainstream artisans moved to the Yamashiro Province, and cultivated and reclaimed the Sagano area with techniques of civil engineering and agriculture, forming an group of craftsmen including weavers, woodworkers and metal workers.
- 農林水産大臣又は都道府県知事は、所部の職員の中から漁業監督官又は漁業監督吏員を命じ、漁業に関する法令の励行に関する事務をつかさどらせる。
- The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister or each Governor shall nominate Authorized Fisheries Supervisors or Authorized Fisheries Supervising Officers from among the employees concerned, to let them take charge of the affairs concerning the observance of the acts and ordinances concerning fisheries.
- 種苗管理センターは、農林水産大臣の同意を得て、第二項の規定による栽培試験を関係行政機関、学校その他適当と認める者に依頼することができる。
- The NCSS may, with the consent of the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, request relevant administrative organs, educational institutions or other persons whom it finds appropriate, to carry out growing tests prescribed in paragraph (2) of this Article.
- 農林水産大臣は、さく河魚類の通路を害する虞があると認めるときは、水面の一定区域内における工作物の設置を制限し、又は禁止することができる。
- In the event that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries considers that the route for anadromous fish may be interfered with, he/she may restrict or prohibit the establishment of structures within a certain area of the water surface.
- 村(むら、そん)とは、集落や基礎自治体の一種で、第一次産業(農林漁業)に従事する者が多く、家屋の数と密集度が少ない地域を指す名称である。
- Many residents of 村 engage in primary industry (agriculture, forestry and fishery).
- これらの代官は諸々の勧農を積極的に遂行していき、各地で領民から名代官として顕彰され、現代まで顕彰碑や代官を祀る神社が大切に残されている。
- These daikans actively performed several kannos and were honored as excellent daikans by the local people in various regions and the shrines which enshrine their honorable monuments or the daikans themselves have been carefully preserved until now.
- コンニャクを食用としている地域は日本、中華人民共和国、ミャンマー、大韓民国で農産物として生産され、市場に流通しているのは日本のみである。
- With konnyaku used as food in Japan, the People's Republic of China, Myanmar, and the Republic of Korea, only Japan among these countries has cultivated it as agricultural products and distributed them to the market.
- 江戸時代に東海道五十三次の51番目の宿場として栄えた石部宿の、関所の門、農家、旅籠、商家、茶店、蔵、八石教会所など往時街並み再現している。
- During the Edo Period, Ishibe-juku flourished as the 51st of 53 stations along the Tokaido Road, and it has been restored to its former state, complete with checkpoint, farms, ryokan inn, merchant residences, a tea house, a storehouse, a Hachikoku Kyokai and the like.
- 温暖で温泉地でもある湯河原は柑橘の産地でもあり消費地としても盛んなため、一年中小売できるように一つの畑で数十品種を栽培している農家も多い。
- With its mild climate and hot spring area, Yugawara is not only a growing area of citrus but also a consuming area, and there are many farmers who grow more than several dozen cultivars in one orchard to retail the products throughout the year.
- 製造業者等は、前条第一項から第三項までの規定により定められた品質に関する表示の基準に従い、農林物資の品質に関する表示をしなければならない。
- Manufacturer, etc. shall label the quality of agricultural and forestry products in accordance with the standard for quality labeling provided for pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (1) to (3) of the preceding Article.
- 農林水産大臣は、登録外国認定機関が次条において準用する第十七条各号のいずれかに該当するに至つたときは、その登録を取り消さなければならない。
- If a Registered Overseas Certifying Body falls under any of the items under Article 17 as applied mutatis mutandis in the following Article, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall cancel its Accreditation.
- この法律における主務大臣は、政令で定めるところにより、財務大臣、文部科学大臣、厚生労働大臣、農林水産大臣、経済産業大臣又は環境大臣とする。
- The competent minister in this Act, as stipulated by Cabinet Order, shall be the Minister of Finance, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, or the Minister of the Environment.
- 登録認定機関は、公正に、かつ、農林水産省令で定める基準に適合する方法により認定、その取消しその他の認定に関する業務を行わなければならない。
- A Registered Certifying Body shall undertake Certification, cancellation and other Certification operations fairly and in the method that complies with the criteria specified by MAFF Ordinance.
- 前項の規定により登録認定機関の地位を承継した法人は、遅滞なく、その事実を証する書面を添えて、その旨を農林水産大臣に届け出なければならない。
- The judicial person that has succeeded to the position of the Registered Certifying Body pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall notify the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries without delay attaching written verification of those facts.
- 主に人口の多い東日本から徴兵され、その間も税は免除される事はないため、農民にとっては重い負担であり、兵士の士気は低かったと考えられている。
- Because the soldiers, who were mainly drafted from eastern Japan which had a larger population, were not exempt from taxation during their service, they bore a heavy burden as farmers and it is thought that morale was low.
- 領地は、領主の居館を中心として、その近接地や資産建物、さらに自由農民や農奴の保有地の間を縫うように存在する小片の土地群から構成されていた。
- The land, centering on the lord's residence, consisted of the neighboring lands, asset properties and furthermore the group of patches of land which existed threading through the lands owned by free farmers or serfs.
- 具体的には、農家でありながら、縁日や市の立つ日や祭り時には、福飴や餅などを製造し販売していて、それが何代にも継承されている事があげられる。
- More specifically, farmers make and sell good luck candies and sticky rice cakes during festivals, markets, and fairs, having passed down the business over several generations.
- 最初の日本列島の住人である縄文人は、狩りや漁撈を生活の中心に据えた狩猟民であったが、のちに集団農業を行い、日本各地に大小の集落を形成した。
- Jomon men, the first people in the Japan islands, were hunting people who mainly hunted and fished for their life, and later, they did collective farming, forming large and small communities.
- 農林水産大臣は、第三項の規定による立入検査について前項の規定による報告を受けたときは、速やかに、その内容を内閣総理大臣に通知するものとする。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries received the report pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph on the on-site inspection pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3), he/she shall promptly notify the Prime Minister of the contents thereof.
- 農林水産大臣が前項の規定により一年以内の期間を定めて認定に関する業務の全部又は一部の停止を請求した場合において、その請求に応じなかつたとき。
- When the Registered Overseas Certifying Body resists a demand in the case where the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries demanded pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph that the Registered Overseas Certifying Body suspend all or part of its Certification operations for a fixed period of not more than one year.
- 1931年に京都市東山区に編入されたが、この時点では住宅や工場は東海道沿いと山科駅周辺に集中しておりその他は竹やぶの散在する近郊農村だった。
- It was merged into Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City in 1931, when residences and plants were found only mainly along the Tokaido Road and near Yamashina Station; the remaining areas were mostly suburban farmlands.
- 百姓、あるいはその身分すら持たない一般の農業などの零細な産業従事者らはそれぞれの領主、名主(みょうしゅ)に家人、下人などとして従属していた。
- Peasants, or other workers engaged in a small industry such as general agriculture who didn't even have peasant status were subordinate to a lord or a myoshu, respectively, as retainers or people of low rank.
- 当時の百姓・班田農民や古来の郡司一族、土着国司子弟の中には、出挙や営田活動により富を蓄積する富豪層が現れており、田堵(たと)と呼ばれていた。
- Some peasants, handen (allotted farmland) farmers, old gunji (a district officer) families, and local kokushi (a provincial governor) scions of that time started to form a wealthy class called tato, and they gained riches by suiko (rice loans in ancient Japan that had to be repaid after the autumn harvest at a substantial rate of interest) and farming activities.
- また、伝統的農村家屋では用途によって板をはめて板の間として使用したり、板をはずして土間として使用したりするスペースが設けられていることもある。
- In addition, a space which can be used as a wooden floor room by laying wooden plates but also used as a doma without the wooden plates are found in some traditional houses in rural areas.
- 基本計画のうち農村に関する施策に係る部分については、国土の総合的な利用、整備及び保全に関する国の計画との調和が保たれたものでなければならない。
- Policies of the basic plan which are relevant to rural areas shall be developed in harmony with the national plan of comprehensive use, development and conservation of national land.
- 1987年、農林水産省 (現所管独立行政法人)北海道農業試験場にてマツマエ/上116の交配から生まれたF1と北海258号を交配した後代である。
- It's a later generation of a variety born through the cross-fertilization of Hokkai No. 258 and F1, which was born in 1987 through the cross-fertilization of Matsumae/Jo 116 by the Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (currently an independent administrative institution).
- 農林水産大臣又は都道府県の知事は、前条第一項又は第二項の認定の申請が次の各号のすべてに該当するときは、これらの規定による認定をするものとする。
- If an application for the certification set forth in paragraph (1) or (2) of the preceding Article falls under all of the following items, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or the governor of the prefecture concerned shall issue a certification as set forth in the relevant provision:
- 前項の仲介員候補者は、一般公益を代表する者並びに鉱業、農業、林業又はその他の産業に関し知識経験を有する者のうちから、委嘱されなければならない。
- The candidates for mediators prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be commissioned from those who represent public interest in general and those who have knowledge and experience about mining, agriculture, forestry and other industries.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定により定められた基準を遵守しない種苗業者があるときは、その者に対し、その基準を遵守すべき旨の勧告をすることができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may, where any seed dealer fails to comply with the standards determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this Article, issue to the seed dealer a recommendation concerning the standards to be complied with.
- 農産物、林産物、畜産物及び水産物並びにこれらを原料又は材料として製造し、又は加工した物資(前号に掲げるものを除く。)であつて、政令で定めるもの
- Agricultural, forestry, livestock and fishery products as well as products manufactured or processed using such products as materials or ingredients (except those listed in the preceding item), and specified by Cabinet Order.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定により登録品種の名称を変更したときは、その旨を、当該登録品種の育成者権者に通知するとともに、公示しなければならない。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has changed the denomination of a registered variety pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of this Article, he/she shall notify the holder of the breeder's right for the said registered variety and publicly notify information to that effect.
- 立荘の背景には、東大寺や国衙の支配と収奪を逃れようとする田堵農民層と、自らの所領の拡大・安定を狙った正盛の間に利害の一致があったと考えられる。
- The interests of the Tato (wealthy farmer) farmer class, who were controlled and deprived of the control of the Todai-ji Temple and Kokuga, and Masamori, who wished to enlarge and stabilize his property, coincided and led to the creation of the shoen.
- 佃戸は地主によって経済的な依存なくして生計が立てられない状況に置かれ、移転の自由を持たず土地に呪縛された一種の農奴制であったというものである。
- Denkos were put in the situation where they could not earn a living without economical support by the owner, did not have the freedom of transfer and were locked in the land, which, they think, was a kind of serf system.
- 名主は領主・地頭から名田の耕作を請け負いながら、屋敷を構え、下人や所従などの下層農民を支配し、屋敷近くに佃(つくだ)と呼ばれる良田を所有した。
- Myoshus built their houses, governed low-ranking farmers such as genin (servants who served to their masters as slaves) or shoju (retainers) and so on and owned good rice fields called tsukuda (directly-managed rice fields by a lord or an officer of shoen) near their houses, undertaking the cultivation of myoden from local lords and jitos.
- 屯田(とんでん)は、一般に、兵士に新しく耕地を開墾させ、平時は農業を行って自らを養い、戦時には軍隊に従事させる制度、またその場所や地域を言う。
- Tonden refers to a system or the place/region where soldiers who were made to plow new fields were recruited at war time but farmed the land to sustain themselves at peace time.
- 平安時代には、まず小規模な免税農地からなる免田寄人型荘園が発達し、その後、皇室や摂関家・大寺社など権力者へ寄進する寄進地系荘園が主流を占めた。
- During the Heian period, the tax-exempt shoen estates which consisted of small scale farmlands developed first and later the donated-type of shoen (manor) became mainstream, which was donated to powerful people such as the Imperial Family, sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), main temples, shrines, and so on.
- 「福知山市と大戦」を伝える重要な資料の一つであり付近住民の署名運動などの反対の声もあったが、農地整地のため2007年1月に取り壊しが行われた。
- Since this airport was one of the important items representing 'Fukuchiyama City and the War,' people living around it objected to its removal through a signature campaign, but, it was demolished despite this in January 2007 to increase agricultural land.
- なお、奈良時代の日本の人口は約500万人、農地は100万町(約120万ヘクタール、21世紀初頭が約480万ヘクタール)だったと推計されている。
- It is estimated that the population of Japan in the Nara period was approx. five million and the arable land area was approx. 1.2 million hectares (compared with approx. 4.8 million hectares in early 21st century).
- 兵卒の身分は依然として武士と農民の間に位置して低かったが、功を認められれば侍や特異な例ではあるが豊臣秀吉のように大名にまで出世する者もあった。
- The low status held by ashigaru was intermediate between that of samurai and peasants but there were those such as Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI whose abilities were recognized and who rose to the rank of daimyo (feudal lord), although it was a peculiar case.
- 勝手造り令により生産が拡大し、より多くの人手を欲している造り酒屋と、少しでも農閑期の現金収入を得たい農民とのあいだで利害が一致したからである。
- This was because the katte-zukuri rei increased the sake production amount, and the interest of tsukuri-zakaya who needed more staff coincided with the interest of peasants who wanted to make even a little money during the agricultural off-season.
- 一方、現在のような里山の再評価に直接繋がる言論活動を開始した人物という意味では、京都大学農学部・京都府立大学などの教官を務めた四手井綱英がいる。
- On the other hand, it can be said that Tsunahide SHIDEI, who was a teacher at the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University and Kyoto Prefectural University among others, was the person who defused the concept of Satoyama through his speech and writing activities that lead to the present reevaluation of Satoyama.
- この形態を農醸一貫などといい、自ら稲作も兼ねている酒蔵を自栽蔵、もしくはブドウから栽培するフランスのワイン農家になぞらえてドメーヌ蔵などという。
- Such a system is called 'nojo ikkan' (integration of growing and brewing), and breweries that grow rice by themselves are called 'jisaigura' (breweries growing rice) or 'domaine' breweries, being likened to French wineries that grow wine grapes.
- 元々は田舎料理で主に農家などで作られていたものであったが、時期が経つにつれ様々な階層にも次第に普及し、やがて日本人の食卓に欠かせないものになる。
- Originally it was country cooking mainly done by farmers, but gradually spread among various classes of people and became essential on Japanese tables.
- 特に1643年(寛永20)ごろに発生した大飢饉を契機として、大名や旗本らの領主層は、生産収入を確保するため、積極的に新田開発などの勧農を行った。
- Especially around 1643, the mighty famine encouraged the landlord class such as daimyo (leading bushi who governed the local regions) or hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) to implement the kanno to develop new rice fields and so on to ensure production revenue.
- その中にあって、東部イングランド低地では、スカンジナビア入植者の遺産の一部として、当時としては例外的とも言える農民の広範な自由が確保されていた。
- Among them, in the eastern England lower zone, a wide variety of farmers' freedom was secured, which was exceptional in those days, because of a part of Scandinavian settlers' heritage.
- 兵庫県では、神戸市が率先し、都市部での農業生産と観光事業をからませて独自のワイナリーを立ち上げ、市のブランド品としての商品開発をおこなっている。
- In Hyogo Prefecture, Kobe City took the initiative in launching independent wineries by relating them to agricultural production and tourism in urban areas as well as developing city-brand products.
- 特に南北朝時代 (日本)以後には、都市には町衆、農村には乙名などの有力な指導層が現れて、彼らが主導する祭礼や芸能の中で「風流」が取り入れられた。
- After the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) in particular, powerful leaders like Machishu (rich merchants) in the urban areas and Otona (leaders of farmer's organizations) in the rural areas appeared, and 'Furyu' was included in the festivals and performing arts that they hosted.
- また、農村社会では夏季の農事による労働の疲れに関わる行事、都市社会では江戸時代以前の夏季の疫病の死者を弔う行事を起源とするものが多い傾向にある。
- Also many of the natsumatsuri festivals tend to have originated in the events observed in rural communities to relieve farmers' fatigue from their agricultural work in the summer season, or originated in the events observed in urban communities to hold memorial services for the people who died from epidemic in summer before the Edo Period.
- 1968年には、当時の倉石忠雄農相が日本の軍備に触れ、「今の世界は他力本願では生きていけない」との意味の発言をして浄土真宗各派から抗議されている。
- In 1968, while Tadao KURAISHI, the Minster of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries at that time, was talking about Japanese armament, he said something like, 'In this modern world, we can not survive in the Tariki Hongan way,' and was subject to protests from various schools of the Jodo Shinshu sect of Buddhism.
- 国は、消費者の需要に即した農業生産を推進するため、農産物の価格が需給事情及び品質評価を適切に反映して形成されるよう、必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures for allowing the prices of agricultural products be set appropriately reflecting supply and demand situation and quality evaluation, in order to promote agricultural production that meets the consumers demand.
- 1985年に山形県立農業試験場にて美山錦/華吹雪(青系酒97号)を交配、その後代から「山形酒49号」を選抜し、「出羽燦々」と命名して育成に転じた。
- In 1985, the Yamagata Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station cross-fertilized Miyama nishiki/Hanafubuki (Ao-kei sake No. 97) and selected 'Yamagata sake No. 49' from its later generations, named it 'Dewa sansan' and developed it.
- 政府は、毎年、前項の報告に係る食料、農業及び農村の動向を考慮して講じようとする施策を明らかにした文書を作成し、これを国会に提出しなければならない。
- The Government shall annually prepare and submit to the Diet a document explaining policies the Government is going to implement in consideration of the trend of food, agriculture and rural areas described in the report of the preceding paragraph.
- 前項の規定により指定漁業の許可又は起業の認可を受けた者の地位を承継した者は、承継の日から二箇月以内にその旨を農林水産大臣に届け出なければならない。
- The person who has inherited the status of the person granted a permission or an approval of business commencement of a designated fishery pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph shall notify the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister to that effect within two months from the day of inheritance.
- 農林水産大臣は、第一項の規定による品種登録の取消しをしたときは、その旨を、当該品種登録に係る育成者権者に通知するとともに、公示しなければならない。
- When the variety registration has been canceled pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall notify the holder of the breeder's right pertaining to the said variety registration and publicly notify information to that effect.
- 財務諸表等が電磁的記録をもつて作成されているときは、当該電磁的記録に記録された事項を農林水産省令で定める方法により表示したものの閲覧又は謄写の請求
- When the Financial Statements, etc. are provided electromagnetically, request to browse or photocopy the contents displayed in accordance with MAFF Ordinance
- (※)一部の藩(薩摩藩など)においては全江戸期を通じて農民に対する厳しい収奪が行われ、中農、富農が成立する条件は成立しなかったとされることもある。
- * In some domains (such as the Satsuma Domain), the harsh exploitation of farmers throughout the entire Edo period meant that the conditions under which middle-class or wealthy farmers could become established never emerged.
- 律令政府が722年に企画した良田百万町歩開墾計画も、勧農の一形態であり、農業生産を振興することにより、財政収入を増加・確保しようとしたものである。
- The cultivation plan for a million-cho rice field under the ritsuryo government in 722 is a kind of kanno and the government tried to increase and ensure financial revenues by promoting agricultural production.
- こうした古代・中世史研究の深まりとともに、農民ではなく貴族に武士のルーツを求める見方が生まれ、両者を繋ぐ概念として提起されたのが、軍事貴族である。
- A new understanding that the origin of the samurais was aristocrats instead of farmers grew as ancient and medieval studies progressed, and the concept of a military aristocracy was formed as a link between aristocrats and samurais.
- 和歌山県果樹園芸試験場(現・和歌山県農林水産総合技術センター果樹園芸試験場)において丹生系温州の珠心胚実生から選抜され、1986年に品種登録された。
- It was selected from nucellar seedlings of Nyu line Unshu at Wakayama Prefecture Fruit Tree Experiment Station (currently Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Wakayama Research Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) and it was registered as a new variety in 1986.
- 起業の認可を受けた者が、認可を受けた日から農林水産大臣の指定した期間内に許可を申請しないときは、起業の認可は、その期間の満了の日に、その効力を失う。
- In the case where a person who has obtained an approval of business commencement does not file an application for a permission within the period designated by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister from the date when the approval was obtained, the approval of business commencement ceases to be effective on the expiration date of the period.
- 格付の表示の付してある包装材料又は容器は、その格付の表示を除去し、又は抹消した後でなければ、再び農林物資の包装材料又は容器として使用してはならない。
- The packing material or container to which a Grade Label has been affixed shall not be reused as a packing material or container for an agricultural and forestry product before such label is removed or deleted.
- 食料、農業及び農村に関する施策を講ずるに当たっては、水産業及び林業との密接な関連性を有することにかんがみ、その振興に必要な配慮がなされるものとする。
- In taking measures for food, agriculture and rural areas, necessary consideration shall be given to the fisheries and forestry industries in view of their close relationship with agriculture.
- 農林水産大臣は、この法律の施行に必要な限度において、種苗業者に対し、その業務に関し必要な報告を命じ、又は帳簿その他の書類の提出を命ずることができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may, within such limits as are necessary for the enforcement of this Act, order seed dealers to submit reports relating to their business or to submit books or other documents.
- 漁業と農業は、水が多い時は漁業に都合がよいが田の水が長く引かず米の生産が悪く、逆に水が少なく米の生産が良好なときは漁が悪いという相克の関係にあった。
- Large amounts of water is good for fishing but bad for rice production with water standing in paddy fields for a prolonged period of time; on the other hand, if there is a little water it is good for rice production but no good for fishing; as such, fishing and farming were at odds with each other.
- 舞鶴自然文化園は、旧西武農場跡地を舞鶴市が取得し、公園として整備を進めているもので、敷地面積43.7haのうち、現在は15.5haを一般公開している。
- Maizuru City bought the land of the former Seibu Farm, and the city is now transforming it into a park, with 15.5 ha currently open to the public out of the total area of 43.7 ha.
- また、1963年に中国地方を襲った昭和38年1月豪雪で、中国山地の農村から一家で離村し、高度経済成長期の広島市に移住した農家の主婦が開業した例も多い。
- And due to the extraordinarily heavy snowfall which struck the Chugoku region in January 1963, many families left farming villages in mountain areas of the Chugoku region and moved to Hiroshima City during the high economic growth period, where many farmers' wives opened shops.
- 農林水産大臣は、水産動植物の繁殖保護又は漁業調整のため必要な限度において、水産政策審議会の意見を聴いて、第一項の期間より短い期間を定めることができる。
- The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister may decide a period shorter than the period of paragraph (1) after hearing the opinions of the Fisheries Policy Council to such an limit as necessary for the protection of reproduction of aquatic animals and plants and fisheries adjustment.
- 農林水産大臣は、第二項の裁定をしたときは、その旨を当事者及び当事者以外の者であってその登録品種に関し登録した権利を有するものに通知しなければならない。
- When he/she has rendered an arbitration decision in accordance with paragraph (2) of this Article, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall notify the parties and other persons who have rights registered in relation to the registered variety, accordingly.
- 整備計画は、明日香村の歴史的風土の維持・保存と同時に、生活環境を整え村を発展させていくため、道路・下水道・公園・教育施設・農業環境などの整備をはかる。
- The development plan aims to preserve and maitain the historical landscape of Asuka-mura and, at the same time, to develop and adjust streets, sewers, parks, educational facilities and agricultural environment.
- 領主の支出面を見てみると、荘園管理は大きな出費を伴うものであり、小規模な荘園では農奴保有に依存しない傾向があったのも、このためだったと考えられている。
- As for the expense of the lords, the management of shoens cost a lot and that was why the small-scaled shoens were not likely to depend on the ownership of serfs.
- つまり、鎌倉期の地頭は、在地領主として勧農を実施することで、現地の実効支配権をも主張したのであり、このようにして地頭による荘園侵略が行われたのである。
- That is, jito during the Kamakura period insisted on their effective authority by practicing the kanno as local landlords and in this way the jito's invasion of the shoens was completed.
- 福知山の特産品である丹波栗などを含む農作物が狙われ、年度によって深刻な被害を農家へもたらすこともあり、檻の共同オーナーを募集するNPO法人も存在する。
- Since these wild animals consume agricultural products including the Tanba chestnut, one of the specialty goods of Fukuchiyama, in some years they have sometimes caused serious damage to farmers; as a result, there is an incorporated nonprofit organization seeking joint owners for a 'cage.'
- 農村部では、居住空間である母屋とは別に、独立して便所が建てられる(母屋には便所はないので、一度外へ出ないと便所に行けない)形態が戦後まで行われていた。
- In rural areas, the configuration where the lavatory was built independently from the main housing which was a living space continued until the postwar era (as the main housing did not have a lavatory inside, they could not go to the lavatory without going out).
- 職業神として元々は中華文明圏より伝わり、神道の神となった「神農の神」を祀り、独特の隠語を用いる者が多いため、狭い世界では神農(しんのう)とも呼ばれる。
- As they worshipped 'Shinno no kami' (Shennong God) which was originally introduced as the god of business from Chinese Civilization to be a Shinto deity, and often used own code words, tekiya are called Shinno within certain circles.
- 民家(みんか)とは、一般の庶民が暮らす住まいのことだが、特に建築史や民俗学で、伝統的な様式で造られた農家、町家の類を指す(年代の古いものは古民家とも)。
- Minka are houses lived in by ordinary people, but in architectural history or in ethnology, minka means noka or machiya that are built with traditional designs (old ones are also called kominka) in particular.
- 安永年間より前の宝暦・明和年間(1751~71年)は、越前五郷地方は天候不順がつづき、大雨による洪水や日照り続きの干ばつによって農産物は大凶作となった。
- During 1751 and 1771, Echizen go-go suffered from serious famine because of unsettled weather such as a floods from heavy rain and also a long drought.
- そのため、東寺周辺の農家の人々は東寺の縁日にあたる21日は葱畑に入らないようになり、その日に葱を食べると一家に不幸が起こるという言い伝えがあったという。
- Therefore, it is said that the farmers around To-ji Temple stopped entering the leek filed on the 21st, the fete day of To-ji Temple, and there was a tradition that eating leeks on that day caused misfortunes to the whole family.
- なぜなら日本酒の原料として、醸造用玄米に分類されない一般米、すなわち農産物規格規程で水稲うるち玄米に分類される品種からも日本酒は造られているからである。
- That is because, with respect to the material used, sake is also produced from general-purpose rice that isn't classified in jozoyo genmai (literally, unpolished rice for brewing), or, in other words, a variety that is classified by the Agricultural Products Standards Rule in suito uruchi genmai (literally, unpolished paddy non-glutinous rice).
- 収穫直前の台風などで稲が倒れた場合は、稲を起こせば何とか収穫できる程度の損害であっても、篤農家は酒米作りの名人としてプライドがあるため米を蔵に売らない。
- If the rice plants are flattened due to a typhoon just before harvesting, the farmer doesn't sell rice to the brewery because of their pride as an expert in rice production, even if the degree of damage is such that a harvest could be expected by making the plants stand.
- また、その土地の自然環境に適した栽培種であることが認められると、農林水産省が農産物検査法に基づき、その都道府県もしくは産地ごとに産地品種銘柄に指定する。
- If it is acknowledged as a cultivated variety that fits the natural environment of the territory, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF) will classify it under the Agricultural Products Inspection Law to a brand variety of growing district separately for each prefecture or growing district.
- 前項の許可又は起業の認可を申請すべき期間は、三箇月を下ることができない。ただし、農林水産省令で定める緊急を要する特別の事情があるときは、この限りでない。
- The periods during which the application for a permission or an approval of business commencement should be filed may not be shorter than three months; provided that the same shall not apply if there is any special circumstance requiring urgency prescribed in an Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 前項の規定は、第一項に規定する申出に基づき農林水産大臣が漁業法第百三十六条の規定により同法第三十四条第四項の規定を適用しようとする場合について準用する。
- The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be applied mutatis mutandis in the case where the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries wishes to apply the provisions of paragraph (4) of Article 34 of the Fishery Act pursuant to the provisions of Article 136 of the same Act based on a proposal pursuant to paragraph (1).
- 農林水産大臣は、その職員に、種苗業者から検査のために必要な数量の指定種苗を集取させることができる。ただし、時価によってその対価を支払わなければならない。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may cause officers of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to collect from seed dealers such quantities of designated seeds as are necessary for inspection. However, compensation equivalent to the market value shall be paid.
- 品種登録簿又は第五条第一項の願書若しくはこれに添付した写真その他の資料(農林水産大臣が秘密を保持する必要があると認めるものを除く。)の閲覧又は謄写の請求
- inspection or copying of the Registry of Plant Varieties or an request filed set forth in Article 5 paragraph (1), photograph or other material attached thereto (excluding those which the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries considers necessary to be kept confidential).
- 登録認定機関は、認定に関する業務を行う事業所の所在地を変更しようとするときは、変更しようとする日の二週間前までに、農林水産大臣に届け出なければならない。
- In the case where a Registered Certifying Body intends to change the location of its office in which it performs the Certification operations, it shall notify the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries no later than two weeks prior to the date on which it is to change the same.
- 農兵隊には荘園時代の古例により四沙汰人を置き、第一陣「西軍」・第二陣「東軍」の2軍が目的別に編成され、両軍が慶応4年1月11日山国神社に集結し出陣した。
- This peasant army had four commanding officers, in accordance with the ancient precedent from back in the days where the region was a shoen (private estate), and was split into two companies, the Western and Eastern Companies, which were composed with different goals in mind; both companies assembled and were formed on February 4, 1868 at Yamaguni Shrine.
- 最終的には、豊臣秀吉による兵農分離(刀狩)と土地所有確認(太閤検地)の結果、惣村という結合形態は消滅し、江戸時代に続く近世村落が形成していったとされる。
- As a result of heinobunri (a separation of the warrior class in this domain from the soil) (Sword Hunt) and the confirmation of land ownership (Taiko-kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), which had been implemented by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, the style of connection called the soson finally disappeared, and there emerged early-modern villages that survived in the Edo period.
- 荘園領主は、現地の有力農民(田堵など)を名主に任じ、荘園の現地経営を安定させると同時に、直属の預所を現地へ派遣するなどして、荘園支配の強化維持に努めた。
- Shoen owners appointed the local leading farmers (such as tato who managed the rice fields in shoen or kokuga domain) as myoshu (the class entrusted to manage myoden, rice field as a basic unit for tax levying), sent the direct subordinate azukari dokoro (appointed local shoen manager) to the local region as well as stabilized the local management of shoen and they did their best to strengthen and maintain the governance of shoen.
- また、2006年度の市町村別生産量では、主要産地の愛知県西尾市が329t(東海農政局調べ)、京都府相楽郡和束町が264.5t(京都府調べ)となっている。
- Major production by municipalities in the fiscal year 2006 included 329 tons from Nishio City, Aichi Prefecture, a major producer of tencha, (according to research by the Tokai Regional Agricultural Administration Office) and 264.5 tons from Wazuka-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture (according to research by Kyoto Prefecture).
- 戦後の農業革新の過程で、戦前~戦時の遺産(畑地や醸造技術など)を生かして、生産に適した地域ではある程度の規模をもったワイン醸造が民生用として再開された。
- In the course of the agricultural innovation after the war, taking advantage of pre-war and wartime heritage (such as the fields and fermentation technique), the winemaking on a certain scale was resumed for consumer use in the regions suitable for grape-growing.
- 江戸時代の幕藩体制のもとではどこの大名家にも確たる家風と家訓が存在したと言われ、更に一部の商人や農民の間でも家風の確立と家訓・家憲の作成が行われていた。
- In the Edo period, every daimyo (feudal lord) family under the shogunate system was said to have a firm kafu and kakun, and even among some merchants and peasantry families, kafu was established and kakun and kaken were prepared.
- しかも、配給量は日中戦争開始以前、まだ小作農が農業人口の大半を占めていた昭和11酒造年度(1936年-1937年)の米の生産高に基づいて算出されていた。
- In addition, the amount of the ration was calculated based on the production amount of the Showa 11 brewing year (1936 to 1937) when half of the farmers were tenant farmers before the outbreak of the China-Japan War.
- 国は、農業の自然循環機能の維持増進を図るため、農薬及び肥料の適正な使用の確保、家畜排せつ物等の有効利用による地力の増進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures such as securing the proper use of agricultural chemicals and fertilizers and improving soil fertility through effective use of livestock manure, in order to maintain and promote the cyclical function of nature.
- これまで経済栽培としては神奈川県や千葉県が北限とされていたが、2007年12月に新潟県佐渡島の農家が早生種の「興津早生」など約1トンを出荷し話題となった。
- Although up until now, northern limit of commercial growing of mikan was said to be Kanagawa and Chiba Prefectures, 1 ton of a Wase cultivar, 'Okitsu wase' and so on were shipped by farms in Sadogashima Island, Niigata Prefecture in December 2007 and it was in the news.
- 愛媛のミカンジュースと言えば前述のポンジュースが有名であるが、他にも農家ごとに別々に瓶詰めされたムテンカが雑誌やテレビで紹介され、通販の人気商品になった。
- When it comes to mikan juice in Ehime, you cannot beat the aforementioned Pom Juice, however, 'Mutenka' (No additives) bottled by each farmer was introduced in magazines and on TV and became a hot item in catalog sales.
- 海区漁業調整委員会は、裁定をしたときは、遅滞なくその旨を裁定の申請の相手方に通知し、かつ、農林水産省令の定めるところにより、これを公示しなければならない。
- When the Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission concerned has performed ruling, the commission shall notify the other party of the application for ruling to that effect without delay and publicly notify it as prescribed in an Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- そして、近世城下町発展の最大の功労者は織田信長で、本格的な兵農分離を意図し武士を城下に集住させるとともに、市街に楽市楽座を設けて商工業の発達を活発にした。
- The most important person in relation to the development of jokamachi in the early-modern times was Nobunaga ODA, and with the idea of serious heinobunri in mind, he gathered bushi (warriors) near his castle and established Rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds) in the city areas to stimulate the development of commerce and trade.
- 韓国で同国の農村振興庁が黄砂を採取して行った検査では、地域差があるものの、細菌の濃度が通常の大気の7 - 22倍、カビの濃度が15 - 26倍と高かった。
- An investigation conducted by the Rural Development Administration of South Korea for sampled kosa showed that, although depending on the area, the samples included bacteria with a density of 7 to 22 times more than that of the ordinary air and mold with a density of 15 to 26 times that of the ordinary air.
- そのため、中国北部や西部では、砂漠化しやすい土地でありながら、農耕や牧畜を従来の移動型から土地への負荷(水不足のリスク)が大きい定着型へと変えてしまった。
- Therefore, in the northern part and western part of China, the way of farming and livestock-farming has been changed from the moving type to the stationary type, though use of the stationary type is likely to change areas in these parts into desert.
- 山林の固定資産税そのものは宅地や農地に較べて安価に設定されているが、代替わりの際に発生する相続税では、山林の評価額は近隣の宅地の評価額マイナス造成費となる。
- Although its fixed property tax is set low in comparison with that of housing or agricultural land, the inheritance tax imposed at the time of the generation change is calculated as the assessed value of the average neighboring housing land minus the land development expenses.
- また幕府が当初、農民に限定した徳政令を発布して事態の収拾に乗り出したのに対し、公家や武家も含む一国平均の徳政令を要求し、支配者層の支持をも得ようとしている。
- From the shogunate which set out to settle the situation by spreading Tokuseirei exclusively for the farming population, the uprisers demanded that Tokuseirei be issued throughout the country including the court nobles and samurai in order to obtain support from the ruling classes.
- 郡司・郷司・保司・別名名主などの職の体系に補任された開発領主は、開発田の勧農を中心とする所務、私的な雑役・夫役の徴収、検断権といった根本領主権を保証された。
- Kaihatsu-ryoshu were assumed the position of the officers' organization, such as Gunji (a local government for Gun territory), Goji (a local government official for Go territory), Hoji (a local government official for Ho territory), and Bechimyo myoshu (a local government official for Bechimyo territory), and guaranteed the local load rights, which included the rights for shomu (land management) centered on Kanno (encouragement of agriculture) of developed fields, private tax collection of zoyaku (odd-jobs tasks) and buyaku (labor service), and judgment of criminal cases.
- その後卒族が廃止されたのち卒族のうち上格の者は「士族」その他の者は農工商と同じく「平民」と戸籍に記載されその表記制度は1948年(昭和23年)まで残された。
- After the subsequent abolition of sotsuzoku, high-ranking members of sotsuzoku were recorded in their family register as 'shizoku' while others were recorded as 'heimin' (commoner) in the same manner as farmers, artisans, and merchants - a system which continued until 1948.
- そのような中、山形県立谷沢村(現:庄内町)の篤農で、寺子屋ていどの教養以外はすべて独学で農業を学んだ阿部亀治(あべ・かめじ:1868年-1928年)がいた。
- In such circumstances, Kameji ABE (1868-1928) was a practical farmer of Tachiyazawa Village (current Shonai Town) in Yamagata Prefecture, who studied agriculture all by himself except the education he had received at terakoya (small private school).
- 「白米とは、農産物検査法(昭和26年(1951年)法律第144号)により、3等以上に格付けされた玄米又はこれに相当する玄米を精米したものをいうものとする。」
- Hakumai shall refer to polished brown rice ranked as third grade or higher by the Agricultural Products Inspection Act (Act 144, 1951) or equivalent brown rice.'
- そのため、調理法から衛生面まで基準を設け、本物の「日本食」を提供するレストランを認定する制度をJETRO(ジェトロ/日本貿易振興機構)や農林水産省は設けた。
- Therefore, JETRO (the Japan External Trade Organization) and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries have established a system to certify the restaurants that offer genuine Japanese dishes, based on the criteria set not only for the cooking methods but sanitation.
- このため、戦後の農地改革が経て、農業もたぶんに機械化され、すっかり豊かになった昭和30年代(1955年-1964年)の日本の実態にまったく即していなかった。
- Therefore, it was far from the actual situation of Japan from 1955 to 1964 when farming had been already mechanized and affluent after the postwar agrarian reform.
- 例えば武士や名主クラスの農家では、床の間などを造ることが許されたが、庶民が床の間を造ることや瓦葺屋根にすることなどは贅沢だとして禁止されることが一般的だった。
- For example, samurai and farmers in the nanushi (village headman) class were permitted to provide tokonoma (alcove in a traditional Japanese room where art or flowers are displayed), but the common people were generally prohibited from providing tokonoma and tiled roofs, because they were too extravagant for the common people.
- 新潟県内での五百万石の最大産地である上越市吉川区では1980年代から永田農法による栽培に取り組み、糖度・硬度・構造などの醸造適性を工夫した酒米を生産している。
- In Yoshikawa-ku, Joetsu City, which is the largest Gohyakumangoku growing district in Niigata Prefecture, efforts to grow it with the Nagata agricultural method have been made since the 1980s and sakamai with improved brewing aptitude (such as sugar content, hardness and structure) have been produced.
- 農林水産大臣は、第二項の栽培試験の業務の適正な実施を確保するため必要があると認めるときは、種苗管理センターに対し、当該業務に関し必要な命令をすることができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may, where he/she finds it necessary in order to ensure the proper carrying-out of the growing tests, issue orders to the NCSS in relation to growing tests prescribed in paragraph (2) of this Article.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定により許可又は認可をしないときは、あらかじめ、当該申請者にその理由を文書をもつて通知し、公開による意見の聴取を行わなければならない。
- When the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister does not authorization or approve pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, he/she shall notify said applicant of the reason in writing and hear his/her opinions publicly in advance.
- 前項の規定による裁定の申請があつたときは、海区漁業調整委員会は、相手方にその旨を通知し、かつ、農林水産省令の定めるところにより、これを公示しなければならない。
- In the case where an application for ruling set forth in the preceding paragraph has been filed, the Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission concerned shall notify the other party to that effect and publicly notify it as prescribed in an Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- この法律で「農林物資」とは、次の各号に掲げる物資をいう。ただし、酒類並びに薬事法(昭和三十五年法律第百四十五号)に規定する医薬品、医薬部外品及び化粧品を除く。
- For the purpose of this Act, the term 'agricultural and forestry product' shall mean the product which fall under any of the following items, with the exception of liquors and drugs, quasi-drugs and cosmetics as provided in the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act (Act No. 145 of 1960):
- 江戸時代の百姓身分とは、主たる生業が農業・手工業・商業のいずれかであるかを問わず、村に石高を持ち、領主に年貢を納める形で権利義務を承認された身分階層を指した。
- During the Edo period, a farming rank was one of social status in which a farmer had 'kokudaka' (crop yield) in his village and his duties and rights were approved by paying his nengu' (land tax) to the landlord, whichever his regular vocation was agriculture, labor industry, or commerce.
- こうした地侍たちは、安土桃山期の兵農分離(刀狩など)によって郷士や再度、百姓身分に戻り、庄屋・名主・肝煎・番頭など村の指導者としての地位に就くことが多かった。
- In most cases, these Ji-zamurai returned to the position of farmers due to the separation policy of samurai and farmers such as the sword hunt during the Azuchi Momoyama period and took the leaders' position of the villages such as Shoya, Nanushi, Kimoiri, and Banto.
- ただ、人体への影響、動植物や農作物への影響、工場などへの影響が発生したり、発生の可能性が指摘されたりしていることが、近隣諸国のメディアによって報道されている。
- However, media in the neighboring nations have reported that kosa has affected human bodies, animals, plants, farm products and factories in the county or that it has been pointed out that such situations may occur.
- かつての由良川の流れは現在の福知山駅周辺にまで流れており、また大雨が降るたび氾濫を起こし周辺の人々や建物に加え農作物などに深刻な被害をもたらす暴れ川であった。
- The Yura-gawa River used to run to the area around present-day Fukuchiyama Station; it was a violent river which caused serious damage to the surrounding people, buildings and agricultural products due to floods which frequently occurred whenever it rained heavily.
- このような行いは、漁師や猟師だけに限らず、その他の農林水産に係わる生業(なりわい)から、現在の醸造や酒造など職業としての神事や、各地域の「おまつり」にもある。
- Not only fishermen and hunters, but also those who make a living from agriculture, forestry, or fishery, as well as those engaged in present-day 'sacred callings' such as the brewing of sake or soy products such as soy sauce return part of their 'catch' at the 'Omatsuri' (festivals) held in each of Japan's regions.
- 生食を前提にしている日本では、鶏卵農家が卵の完全洗浄など衛生管理全般が行き届いているが、それでもサルモネラ食中毒が近年増加傾向にあり、一定の注意が必要である。
- In Japan where eggs are premised to be eaten raw, poultry farms perform a thorough hygienic control including a perfect cleaning of eggs, but still salmonella poisoning is increasing these years and some caution is required.
- 近世、いわゆる「七福神」の1つとして祀られる弁才天像は、農業神・穀物神である宇賀神と習合して、頭上に宇賀神像(人頭蛇身の老人像)をいただく形の像が多く見られる。
- In the early modern period, Benzaiten became considered one of the so called 'Seven Gods of Fortune' and was syncretized with Ugajin, the god of agriculture and cereals and many images were made depicting her as Ugajin (an elderly form with the head of a human and the body of a serpent).
- 古代インドの宗教では、出家者は一般に所有欲を否定するために三衣一鉢の最低限の生活必需品しか所有しないほか、修行に専念するために農業などの生産活動には従事しない。
- Because monks in religions in Ancient India usually deny desires for possessions, they only possess sanne-ippatsu (three robes and one begging bowl), bare necessities, and they do not engage in productive activities such as agriculture in order to devote to ascetic practices.
- 国及び地方公共団体は、食料、農業及び農村に関する施策を講ずるにつき、相協力するとともに、行政組織の整備並びに行政運営の効率化及び透明性の向上に努めるものとする。
- The State and local governments shall endeavor to cooperate in taking measures on food, agriculture and rural areas, and to restructure administrative organs as well as to improve their efficiency and transparency in administrative management.
- 農林水産大臣は、第一項において準用する第三十九条第十三項の規定による処分をしようとするときは、行政手続法第十三条の規定にかかわらず、聴聞を行わなければならない。
- When the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister is going to dispose pursuant to the provision of paragraph (13), Article 39 applied mutatis mutandis in paragraph (1), he/she shall hold a hearing notwithstanding the provision of Article 13 of the Administrative Procedure Act.
- しかも、白河に対抗する勢力として、異母弟・輔仁親王や摂関家を始めとする伝統的貴族が存在し、田堵農民層を神人・寄人に組織して巨大化した寺社勢力の圧力も熾烈だった。
- However, the forces against Shirakawa were strong, beginning with the traditional aristocracy such as his half-brother, Imperial Prince Sukehito, and the line of regents and advisers, along with the pressure from the growing religious groups that had organized the Tato farmer class into Jinin (temple followers) and Yoriudo (villains).
- 農奴(serf又はvilleinという)の保有地は、領主へ納入する労役や生産物・現金といった貢納(保有地に付随する慣習とされていた)を支えるための土地であった。
- The land owned by serfs (also called villein) were the lands which supported tributes to the lords, such as labor services, products, and cash money (the custom was supposed to accompany the owned lands).
- 現在の町並みは愛宕神社 (京都市)の門前町として発展したもので、化野念仏寺を境に瓦屋根の町家風民家が並ぶ下地区と茅葺きの農家が多い上地区と二つの風景が共存する。
- The area, which developed as a Monzen-machi or a temple town of Atago-jinja Shrine, has two different townscapes with Adashino Nenbutsu-ji Temple as the boundary: Shimo-chiku characterized by Machiya (tradesmen's houses) with tiled roof and Kami-chiku characterized by farmhouses with thatched roof.
- 田堵負名層とは決して零細な農民などではなく、隷属民を多数抱え、莫大な富を蓄積して農業など諸産業を大規模に経営し、多数の私兵すら擁していた富豪百姓だったのである。
- Far from being poor, the tato fumyo were indeed wealthy peasants who kept many servants, managed large scale businesses such as agriculture, and owned even many private warriors while accumulating immense wealth.
- 得度者には課役を免除される特権があり、官の許可なく僧となる農民などが出現し、これらは私度、そうした僧は私度僧と呼ばれ、律令の編目である戸婚律や僧尼令で禁じられた。
- As those that were approved had the privilege to be exempted from labor, farmers who became priests without official approvals were appeared, that was called shido, and priests by shido, called shidoso, were prohibited by Kokonritsu (Penal Law on Households and Marriage) and Soniryo (Regulations for Monks and Nuns), which were both part of Ritsuryo code.
- 当時は戦功の証として、敵の高級将校は死体の首(漢語では頭のこと)をとって検分したが、一揆(兵農分離前の農民軍)や足軽など身分の低いものは鼻(耳)でその数を証した。
- In those days, soldiers brought back the heads of high-ranked enemy officers that they had killed to have them examined as evidence of the achievement, and farmer soldiers or low ranked soldiers brought back noses (ears) to prove how many of the enemy soldiers they had killed.
- 1989年、農林水産省(現所管独立行政法人)北海道農業試験場にて八反錦2号/上育404号の交配から生まれたF1ときらら397を交配し空育158号として育種された。
- In 1989, it was born through the cross-fertilization of F1, which was born through the cross-fertilization of Hattan nishiki No. 2/Joiku No. 404 and Kirara No. 397, by the Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (currently an independent administrative institution), and it was developed under the name Kuiku No. 158.
- 地方自治体は主要農作物種子法にもとづき、都道府県の農業試験場等で酒米品種の奨励品種決定のための試験を行い、優良な品種を農業者に対して栽培を奨励するのが通例である。
- Usually, under the Major Agricultural Products Seed Act, the agricultural experiment stations of the municipality and so on carry out tests to determine the recommended varieties of sakamai and recommend excellent varieties to farmers.
- わかりやすい例を出せば、「酒米の王様」と呼ばれる山田錦も、どの土地で、どの土壌で、どの農法で、どの篤農家によって栽培されたかによって、品質はピンからキリまである。
- As an easy-to-understand example, even for Yamada nishiki, which is called the 'king of sakamai,' there are many grades of quality depending on the land, soil and growing method as well as the farmer.
- 活躍のできる場を失った忍者達はその後、農業や警察関係(警察官)の職業、火術の特技を活かして花火師や、薬の知識を活かして医師や薬剤師など、新たな職に就いたとされる。
- It is said that after ninja lost the scene of their activities, they got new jobs such as farmers, policemen, pyrotechnicians with special skills of using fire, doctors or pharmacists with knowledge of medicine.
- 地方の人形芝居や祭りの囃子など民俗芸能に使われることもあり、かつて地方によっては農民の冬の副業として、また瞽女(ごぜ)によって、門付として演奏されることもあった。
- Kokyu is sometimes used in traditional local attractions, such as puppet shows and hayashi (music performed with traditional Japanese instruments for making the atmosphere cheerful) in festivals, and in some areas, Kokyu was played in the past by farmers as one of their side jobs or by Goze (blind female musicians) as Kadotsuke (performance in front of the gate of houses).
- 電動餅つき機は大量の餅を作る精米店や餅菓子を販売する和菓子店、高齢化が進んだ農家等で人手が足りず人力による餅つきができなくなってきた場合により多く利用されている。
- Electric mochi pounding machines are used more where workers are insufficient and mochi pounding by human labor is impossible in a rice store having a rice mill which produces a large amount of mochi, a Japanese-cake store which sells mochi cakes, a farming household whose workers are already aged, etc.
- 弘仁12年(821年)、満濃池(まんのういけ、現在の香川県にある日本最大の農業用ため池)の改修を指揮して、アーチ型堤防など当時の最新工法を駆使し工事を成功に導いた。
- In 821, he led the work to repair Manno-ike Pond (the largest-in-Japan irrigation pond for farming, located in present Kagawa Prefecture) and led to a successful accomplishment of the work using the latest technology at that time, for example, using arched banks
- 次条の規定により選挙権を有する者が同条の規定により被選挙権を有する者につき選挙した者九人(農林水産大臣が指定する海区に設置される海区漁業調整委員会にあつては、六人)
- Nine persons elected from among the persons eligible for election pursuant to the provision of the following Article by the persons with voting rights pursuant to the provision of the same Article (six persons for each Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission established for each sea area designated by the Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries Minister)
- 海区漁業調整委員会は都道府県知事の監督に、連合海区漁業調整委員会はその設置された海区を管轄する都道府県知事の監督に、広域漁業調整委員会は農林水産大臣の監督に属する。
- Each Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission shall be supervised by the Governor concerned; each Joint Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission, by the Governor having jurisdiction over the sea area for which the commission is established; and each Wide Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission, by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister.
- 農林水産大臣は、指定漁業の許可又は起業の認可を受けた者が第五十七条第一項第四号に該当することとなつたときは、当該指定漁業の許可又は起業の認可を取り消すことができる。
- In the case where a person granted a permission or an approval on business commencement for a designated fishery falls under item (iv), paragraph (1), Article 57, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister may rescind the permission or the approval on business commencement for said designated fishery.
- 農林水産大臣又は都道府県の知事は、前項の割当てを行おうとするときは、少なくとも次に掲げる事項を勘案して割当ての基準を定め、これに従って割当てを行わなければならない。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or the governor of any prefecture wishes to make allotments under the preceding paragraph, he/she shall first establish a standard for such allotments, while taking into consideration the matters stated below at a minimum, and shall make such allotments in conformity with that standard:
- 発生地ではない日韓も、黄砂に付着する大気汚染物質の発生源である自国企業関連の工場や、砂漠化につながる木材・農産品・畜産品の輸入などを通しても関わっており責任がある。
- Japan and South Korea, where no kosa is produced, are concerned with kosa as well because the factories of companies in these nations generate air pollutants that stick to kosa and because they import wood, agricultural products and livestock products that may cause desertification, and therefore, they are also responsible.
- 国は、食料消費の改善及び農業資源の有効利用に資するため、健全な食生活に関する指針の策定、食料の消費に関する知識の普及及び情報の提供その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures such as developing healthy dietary guidelines, broadening the citizens' knowledge of food consumption and providing relevant information, in order to contribute to the improvement of food consumption and effective use of agricultural resources.
- 1870年2月5日、政府から皇族・貴族に対してお歯黒禁止令が出され、それに伴い民間でも徐々に廃れ(明治以降農村では一時的に普及したが)、大正時代にはほぼ完全に消えた。
- On February 5, 1870, government put a ban on tooth black among the royalty and aristocrats; consequently, this practice also faded gradually among the common people (after the Meiji period, it was once popular among farm villages), and in the Taisho period, it almost completely disappeared.
- 前項の規定により選任される委員の定数は、十人とする。但し、農林水産大臣は、必要があると認めるときは、特定の内水面漁場管理委員会について別段の定数を定めることができる。
- The regular number of the commission members appointed pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph shall be 10; provided that another regular number may be decided for any particular Inland Waters Fishing Ground Management Commission when the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister finds it necessary.
- 第一項の規定による除害工事の命令が利害関係人の申請によつてされたときは、農林水産大臣の定めるところにより、当該申請者が、前項本文の規定による補償をしなければならない。
- In the event that the order for work to remove the interference pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 is issued based on an application by interested persons, such applicants shall give compensation pursuant to the provision of the main clause of the preceding paragraph as provided for by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 現在に至る過去数十年間、中国での砂漠化の主な原因は、伐採、放牧、農耕、水利用の失敗などの人為的なものに加えて、自然な気候変動による乾燥化が重なったことだとされている。
- It is considered that the major factors contributing to desertification in the last several tens of years in China were the dry climate due to climate changes in addition to artificial factors, such as policy failures in cutting trees, pasturing, farming and water usage.
- 神奈川県湯河原町吉浜在住の藤中さんの農園で昭和初期頃発見された系統で、現在は湯河原町~小田原市を中心に早生みかんから晩生みかんへの中継役として育成されている品種である。
- It is an inherited cultivar of the one found at the farm of Mr. Fujinaka who lived in Yoshihama, Yugawara-machi, Kanagawa Prefecture during the early Showa era, and today, it is grown mainly in Yugawara-machi and Odawara City as an intermediate cultivar shipped between early grown mikan and late grown mikan.
- 平和な時代が続き、庶民が次第に力を蓄え武士以上の豪奢な着物を着用するようになると、江戸幕府は士農工商身分確定のために躍起となって次々と禁令を発したのは先述の通りである。
- As aforementioned, common folks were gradually empowered as peace continued, some of them wore more gorgeous kimono than the bushi class, Edo bakufu shogunate tried vehemently to ban luxurious kimono one after another in order to fix class distinctions.
- ここでは、地方自治体の試験研究機関、すなわち農業試験場、醸造試験所などで、気候や土壌を初めとした、それぞれの都道府県の自然条件を生かすように開発された酒米の品種をさす。
- This means varieties of sakamai that are developed by municipal experimental and research institutions such as agricultural experiment stations and brewing laboratories, so that the natural conditions of each prefecture--such as climate and soil quality--can be fully utilized.
- 農林水産大臣は、出願公表があった後に、品種登録出願が放棄され、取り下げられ、若しくは却下されたとき、又は品種登録出願が拒絶されたときは、その旨を公示しなければならない。
- Where the application for variety registration has been abandoned, withdrawn or dismissed after the publication of the application, or when the application for variety registration has been rejected, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall publicly notify that effect.
- 農林水産大臣は、排他的経済水域等において海洋生物資源の保存及び管理を行うため、海洋生物資源の保存及び管理に関する基本計画(以下「基本計画」という。)を定めるものとする。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall establish a basic plan on the preservation and control of living marine resources (hereinafter referred to as 'the Basic Plan') for preserving and controlling living marine resources in the exclusive economic zone, etc.
- 育成者権者は、第十九条第二項に規定する存続期間の満了までの各年について、一件ごとに、三万六千円を超えない範囲内で農林水産省令で定める額の登録料を納付しなければならない。
- The holder of a breeder's right shall pay a registration fee, the amount of which shall be specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries but not exceeding 36,000 yen for each variety registration each year until the expiration of the duration as provided in Article 19 paragraph (2).
- この法律で「登録認定機関」又は「登録外国認定機関」とは、それぞれ第十七条の二第一項又は第十九条の十において準用する同項の規定により農林水産大臣の登録を受けた法人をいう。
- For the purpose of this Act, the term 'Registered Certifying Body' or 'Registered Overseas Certifying Body' shall mean the juridical person that has been accredited as such by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 17-2 or these provisions as applied mutatis mutandis to Article 19-10, respectively.
- 寛政年間(1690年代)頃から農村や漁村へも広がりを見せ始め、江戸時代中期(18世紀)以降に益々増加し、特に江戸時代後期の天保年間(1830年代)前後に著しく増加した。
- From the 1690s, it spread to agricultural and fishing villages, and became even more widespread after the middle of the Edo period (eighteenth century), especially around the Tenpo era (1830s) during the late Edo period.
- 農産物の大凶作とともに製紙原料の楮(こうぞ)や雁皮(がんび)などの自生植物も採取が困難となり、特に鳥の子に用いる雁皮は栽培が不可能で、製紙業も原料入手難から困窮を極めた。
- Not only agricultural products but also wild plants such as kozo and ganpi that were the resources used to make paper, became difficult to collect, and because especially the ganpi used for torinoko was impossible to cultivate, paper manufacturing fell into extreme poverty because of the difficulty of obtaining materials.
- 漁業監督吏員は、前条に規定する場合のほか、捜査のため必要がある場合において、農林水産大臣の許可を受けたときは、当該都道府県の区域外においても、その職務を行うことができる。
- Each Authorized Fisheries Supervising Officer may perform his/her duty also outside the area of the prefecture concerned when he/she is permissioned by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister in the case where it is necessary for investigation, in addition to the case provided in the preceding Article.
- 農林水産大臣は、広域漁業調整委員会が議決を怠り、又はその議決が法令に違反し、若しくは著しく不当であると認めて水産政策審議会が請求したときは、その解散を命ずることができる。
- In the case where the Fisheries Policy Council finds that a Wide Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission fails to make any resolution or that any resolution made by the commission violates an act or ordinance and remarkably undue, and requests the dissolution of the commission, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister may order the dissolution of the commission.
- 4世紀後半からヤマト王権は、武器・農具の原料である鉄資源を求めて朝鮮半島への進出を開始したが、これを契機として朝鮮半島や中国の技術・文物が倭国へ多く流入することとなった。
- Starting in the latter half of the fourth century, the Yamato sovereignty began to advance into the Korean peninsula, seeking iron that was needed for making weapons and farm tools, causing many technologies and cultural products in the Korean peninsular and China to be introduced to Wa.
- 鎌倉時代後期から、名門武家・公家を始めとする旧来の支配勢力は、生産力向上に伴い力をつけてきた国人・商人・農民などによって、その既得権益を侵食され没落の一途をたどっていた。
- Since the late Kamakura period, old-established ruling powers including celebrated samurai families and court nobles suffered gradual deprivation of their vested interest by kokujin, merchants, and farmers, who had been gaining power along with the enhancement of productivity, and were in a consistent process of downfall.
- しかしその仕事の内容にふさわしい敬意を払われ、収入面でも恵まれ、「杜氏になれば御殿が建つ」などと言われたものだから、戦前の貧しい農漁村では青少年たちは競って杜氏を志した。
- Before World War II, however, young people who lived in poor farming or fishing villages vied with each other to gain a position of toji, because toji people were respected for their work, and their income was so large that people said, 'once becoming a toji, you can build a mansion.'
- 漁場が二以上の都道府県知事の管轄に属し、又は漁場の管轄が明確でないときは、農林水産大臣は、これを管轄する都道府県知事を指定し、又は自ら都道府県知事の権限を行うことができる。
- In the case where a fishing ground is under the jurisdiction of two or more Governors or in the case where the jurisdiction over a fishing ground is not clear, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister may designate the Governor who has jurisdiction over the fishing ground or may have the authority of a Governor.
- そのため、墾田や買収などで付近の田地を集積していた田堵(有力農民)=開発領主は、自分の経営する田地を有力寺院(または有力神社)へ寄進することで、不輸の権を獲得しようとした。
- Therefore, Tato (powerful farmers), or the owners of newly developed arable land, who acquired large tracts arable land through development or buying land, donated their farmland to dominant temples (or dominant shrines) to obtain Fuyu no ken.
- こういった活動は地域の健康を促進するだけではなく、同時に家事に束縛される主婦の時間を節約させ、地域の農業生産力が向上したり、女性の地位向上にも影響を与えているとのことである。
- These activities are said to not only promote local people's health, but also to save time for housewives restricted by their housework, improving local agricultural productivity and with an improving effect on the status of women.
- 一方、篳篥は穴の間隔が近く、使う素材は枯れて古く乾燥し、農家の囲炉裏の天井で 300 年~ 350 年、日々の生活の中で燻(いぶ)されたスス竹であるため非常に堅く割れやすい。
- However, the Hichiriki flute requires a close distance between the holes, the material is blighted, old, and dried, and it is bamboo that has been smoked in the ceiling above a fireplace (a sunken hearth) in a farmhouse in daily life for three hundred to three hundred fifty years, so it is very hard and fragile.
- 水産動植物の採捕又は処理に関する制限又は禁止(前項の規定により漁業を営むことを禁止すること及び農林水産大臣又は都道府県知事の許可を受けなければならないこととすることを除く。)
- Restriction or prohibition concerning the gathering, catch or disposal of aquatic animals and plants (excluding that the operation of fisheries is prohibited and that the permissions of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or the Governor concerned must be obtained, respectively pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph)
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定により品種登録出願の補正をすべきことを命じられた者が同項の規定により指定した期間内にその補正をしないときは、その品種登録出願を却下することができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may dismiss the application for variety registration, if the person who has been ordered to correct the application for variety registration pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article does not correct it within the time limit designated pursuant to the provision of the said paragraph.
- この法律に規定する農林水産大臣の権限及び前項の規定により消費者庁長官に委任された権限に属する事務の一部は、政令で定めるところにより、都道府県知事が行うこととすることができる。
- The part of affairs vested in the authority of the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries provided for in this Act and the same delegated to the Minister of Consumer Affairs pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph may be delegated by a prefectural governor as prescribed by the stipulations of Cabinet Order.
- 農林水産大臣は、登録認定機関が次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、その登録を取り消し、又は一年以内の期間を定めて認定に関する業務の全部若しくは一部の停止を命ずることができる。
- If a Registered Certifying Body falls under any of the following items, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may cancel the Accreditation or order the Registered Certifying Body to suspend all or part of its Certification operations for a fixed period of not more than one year.
- 戦国時代初期の頃は通常農閑期に行われる戦は農民兵たちにとって支給される賃金と陣中食はじめ兵糧、即ち現金収入がある出稼ぎと食い扶持減らしの出来る一挙両得の短期雇用の場であった。
- At the beginning of the Sengoku Period, battles which were usually conducted in off-season for farmers were an opportunity for peasant soldiers for short-term employment with ikkyoryotoku (killing two birds with one stone) where they could obtain wages to be paid and army provisions including a combat ration, in other words, cash income and a decrease in payment for food.
- 現代では農家や手工業者のように、伝統的に土間で行われていた作業を家内産業として営む者は、庭など屋外の別空間を簡易的な屋根で覆うことにより、その役割を代替する事が多くなっている。
- Today, people who traditionally did their work in the doma of their own house, such as farmers and craftsmen, have increasingly come to replace the role of doma with a separate outdoor space, such as the yard, covered with a simple roof.
- 農林水産大臣がこの法律の施行に必要な限度において、登録外国認定機関に対しその認定に関する業務に関し必要な報告を求めた場合において、その報告がされず、又は虚偽の報告がされたとき。
- When the Registered Overseas Certifying Body fails to report or makes a false report in response to a request for a necessary report on its Certification operations by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries which is within the limits necessary to enforce this Act;
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定により定められた基準を遵守しない指定種苗の生産を業とする者又は種苗業者があるときは、これらの者に対し、その基準を遵守すべき旨の勧告をすることができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may, where a person producing the designated seeds in the course of business or a seed dealer fails to comply with the standards determined under the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article, issue to such a person a recommendation concerning the standards be complied with.
- 古民家には、その使用目的や時代、地域、気候など諸条件によって多くの建築様式があり、使用目的に限っても農家、庄屋屋敷、一般民家(都市部の民家)、商家、武家民家、建家屋敷などがある。
- There are many styles of kominka architecture depending on the purpose, period, region, climate and other factors, and there is considerable variety just within their function, being used as farm houses, the residences of village headmen, ordinary urban houses, mercantile houses, residences of samurai families and so on.
- 最近では、アルプス酵母に代表されるカプロン酸エチル高生産性酵母や、東京農業大学がなでしこ、ベコニア、ツルバラの花から分離した花酵母などが、強吟醸香を引き出すのに注目を集めている。
- Recently, attention is focused on the fact that yeasts that produce high content of ethyl caproate represented by alps yeast as well as yeasts from flowers that were separated by Tokyo University of agriculture from flowers of dianthus, begonia and climbing rose extract strong ginjoko (fragrance of ginjo sake).
- この法律において「漁獲努力量」とは、海洋生物資源を採捕するために行われる漁ろう作業の量であって、採捕の種類別に操業日数その他の農林水産省令で定める指標によって示されるものをいう。
- In this Act, the 'fishing effort' shall mean the amount of fishing carried for catching living marine resources, with said amount being expressed for each mode of gathering or catching by the number of fishing days and by other indicators provided by Ordinance of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 農林水産大臣は、前条第一項から第三項までの規定による立入検査の業務の適正な実施を確保するため必要があると認めるときは、センターに対し、当該業務に関し必要な命令をすることができる。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries deems it necessary to ensure the appropriate conduct of the business of the on-site inspection pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (1) to (3) of the preceding Article, he/she may make a necessary order to the Center with regard to such business.
- 農林水産大臣は、前三項の規定によりセンターに立入検査を行わせる場合には、センターに対し、当該立入検査の期日、場所その他必要な事項を示してこれを実施すべきことを指示するものとする。
- In the case where the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is to have the Center conduct an on-site inspection pursuant to the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs, he/she shall provide the Center with the date, location and other necessary information of the on-site inspection and give it an instruction that the inspection should be conducted.
- 農林水産大臣は、前条第四項の規定による勧告を受けた種苗業者がその勧告に従わなかったときは、当該種苗業者に対し、期限を定めて、同条第三項の基準を遵守すべきことを命ずることができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may, where any seed dealer fails to comply with the recommendation issued pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) of Article 50, order the seed dealer to comply with the standards set out under paragraph (3) of the said Article, designating a time limit.
- 農林水産大臣は、前条第一項の集取の業務の適正な実施を確保するため必要があると認めるときは、種苗管理センター又は家畜改良センターに対し、当該業務に関し必要な命令をすることができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may, when he/she finds it necessary in order to ensure an appropriate implementation of the collection under paragraph (1) of Article 52, issue orders to the NCSS or the NLBC in relation to the collection.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定により第四条第一項各号のいずれにも該当しない名称が提出されたときは、品種登録簿に記載して当該登録品種の名称をその提出された名称に変更しなければならない。
- When a denomination falling under none of the items of Article 4 paragraph (1) has been submitted pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall change the denomination of the said registered variety to the submitted denomination by entering it in the Registry of Plant Varieties.
- 当初は、荒廃田を再開させた開発者には、期限つきで耕作権が認められるに過ぎなかったが、平安時代初期には終身の権利に発展したため、富豪農民(田堵)・郡司級土豪は積極的に開発を行った。
- An award given to developers who resumed ruined fields was at first nothing but the right to cultivate the land on a temporary basis, but eventually evolved into permanent rights in the early Heian period, which greatly motivated Tato (wealthy cultivators) and powerful local clans at Gunji (magistrates) level to cultivate fields.
- いっぽう、庶民の社会的地位が高まり、商工業の発展にともなって町衆や農民が文化の担い手として登場したことから、文化の面でも幅広い交流がすすみ、庶民性や地方的特色がいっそう強まった。
- Meanwhile, as the social status of the common people rose with the development of commerce and industry, the merchant class and peasants emerged as supporters of culture; the broad cultural interaction was encouraged, and local or plebeian characteristics of culture were enhanced.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定により品種登録出願について拒絶しようとするときは、その出願者に対し、拒絶の理由を通知し、相当の期間を指定して、意見書を提出する機会を与えなければならない。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries intends to reject an application for variety registration pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of this Article, he/she shall notify the applicant of the reason for the rejection and give him/her an opportunity to submit a written opinion of his/her arguments, designating a reasonable period of time.
- 農林水産大臣又は都道府県知事は、前条の調査を行うために必要があると認めるときは、漁業を営み、又はこれに従事する者に、漁獲の数量、時期、方法その他必要な事項を報告させることができる。
- In the event that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or a prefectural governor deems it necessary to carry out research under the preceding Article, he/she may cause persons who operate or engage in fishery to report the volume of fish catches, time, method and other necessary items.
- 農林水産大臣又は都道府県知事は、前項の工作物の所有者又は占有者が同項の規定による管理を怠つていると認めるときは、その者に対し、同項の規定に従つて管理すべきことを命ずることができる。
- In the event that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or a prefectural governor considers that the owners or possessors of structures set forth in the preceding paragraph fail to perform the administration of the structures pursuant to the provision of said paragraph, he/she may order such persons to administrate them in accordance with the provision of said paragraph.
- 内閣総理大臣は、第一項から第三項までの規定により品質に関する表示の基準を定めようとするときは、あらかじめ、農林水産大臣に協議するとともに、消費者委員会の意見を聴かなければならない。
- When the Prime Minister intends to enact a standard for quality labeling pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (1) to (3), he/she shall consult the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and request the opinion of the Consumer Commission in advance.
- 農林水産大臣は、登録外国認定機関が次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、その登録を取り消し、又は一年以内の期間を定めて認定に関する業務の全部若しくは一部の停止を請求することができる。
- If a Registered Overseas Certifying Body falls under any of the following items, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may cancel the Accreditation or demand that the Registered Overseas Certifying Body suspend all or part of its Certification operations for a fixed period of not more than one year:
- 前項の場合において、鉱害が農業、林業又はその他の産業に関するものであるときは、仲介員のうち、少くとも一人は、当該産業に関し知識経験を有するもののうちから、指定されなければならない。
- In the case specified in the preceding paragraph, if mining pollution involves agriculture, forestry or other industries, at least one of the mediators shall be designated from those who have the knowledge and experience of the industry concerned.
- 日本国内に住所及び居所(法人にあっては、営業所)を有しない者の育成者権その他育成者権に関する権利については、農林水産省の所在地をもって民事訴訟法第五条第四号の財産の所在地とみなす。
- With respect to the breeder's right or any other rights relating to a breeder's right held by a person who has neither domicile nor residence (nor business office, in the case of a juridical person) in Japan, the location of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall be deemed to be the location of the property under Article 5 paragraph (4) of the Code of Civil Procedure.
- 六月の嘉吉の乱で将軍足利義教が殺されると政治的混乱の中「代初めの徳政」を求めて(天下一同の徳政令)京都近江坂本の馬借を中心に農民が蜂起、地侍が指導し、数万人の一揆にふくれあがった。
- In the political turmoil after the assassination of Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA in the Kakitsu War, the farming population lead by bashaku (shipping agents who used horses) in Omi Sakamoto in Kyoto rose up in rebellion to demand 'daihajime-no-tokusei (acts of virtuous government requested at shogun replacement)' (Tenkaichido no Tokuseirei (a debt cancellation order for all throughout the country)), which was directed by jizamurai (local samurai) and lead to an uprising by tens of thousands of people.
- 古代インドにおいては絶対的所有権の概念が存在せず、自給自足に近い生活を送る零細農家が森林を開発して田畑とした者が土地の所有者となり、国王に租税を納めることでその耕作権が保障された。
- In ancient India there did not exist the concept of absolute property right and the small farm house, which was self-sufficient, developed the forest, made it a field, became the owner of the land and was guaranteed the right to cultivate it by paying taxes to the king.
- これにより、土地に対して重層的にあった中世的な中間権利である様々な職が否定され、耕作者は直接領主に納税することとなり、農村にいた中間搾取者としての武士はほぼ一掃されることとなった。
- As a result, the legitimacy of the positions of a great many medieval-period middleman tax collectors and the like were repudiated, since now cultivators were paying taxes directly to their local lords; at the agricultural village level, Hideyoshi's survey had eliminated nearly all the extortionist middleman warriors who lived off others' effort in one clean sweep.
- 具体的には、適切な植林、効率の良い薪などの燃料の確保、家畜の管理、土壌浸食の防止、灌漑、水資源の有効利用、エネルギーの再利用、適切な土地利用や農法への転換、砂の移動防止などがある。
- More specifically, these measures include planting trees more properly, securing fuel, such as more energy-efficient firewood, managing livestock, preventing soil erosion, irrigation, using resources more effectively, re-using energy, using land more properly or changing the farming method to more proper ones, and preventing sand from moving.
- 日本食レストラン店舗数は、2006年11月の日本の農林水産省資料によれば、北米10,000店、その他15,000ないし20,000店、合計25,000ないし30,000店を数える。
- According to the data released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in November, 2006, the number of Japanese restaurants stood at 10,000 in North America and between 15,000 and 20,000 in the rest, totaling from 25,000 to 30,000 worldwide.
- 1876年(明治9年)、当時、札幌農学校の教頭として来日していたウィリアム・スミス・クラークが、「生徒は米飯を食すべからず、但しらいすかれいはこの限りにあらず」という寮規則を定める。
- In 1876, William Smith CLARK, who had been visiting Japan as an assistant principal of Sapporo Agricultural School, stipulated a dormitory regulation that 'students must not eat rice; however, rice curry is an exception to this rule.'
- 現在は、酒蔵が酒米を作る篤農家と契約栽培を結ぶときには、酒米の質を落とさないために、できた米1俵単位で契約するものではなく、はじめに田の面積1反あたりいくらで契約するのが通例である。
- Currently, when a brewery makes an arrangement with a farmer who produces sakamai, they don't contract on the unit of a bag of rice but usually on the basis of the area of the rice field with the unit of one tan in order not to degrade the quality of rice.
- 経済産業大臣は、新エネルギー等発電設備について第一項の認定をしようとするときは、政令で定めるところにより、あらかじめ、農林水産大臣、国土交通大臣又は環境大臣に協議しなければならない。
- When the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry intends to issue certification pursuant to paragraph (1) concerning a Generation Facility for Electricity from New Energy, etc., he/she shall consult with the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, or the Minister of Environment in advance, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order,.
- 宮崎県飫肥地方(現日南市)発祥の四半的弓道は、戦国時代に農民が半弓を持って戦闘に参加して勝利に貢献した功により、領主から遊戯用として使用を許されたと伝わるもので、同地で愛好されてきた。
- Shihanmato Kyudo, originating from the Obi district, Miyazaki Prefecture (presently Nichinan City) was said to have allowed archery games by a lord because of the farmer's contribution to a victory in battle using the Hankyu, small-sized bow, during the Sengoku Period.
- 国は、国民の農業及び農村に対する理解と関心を深めるとともに、健康的でゆとりのある生活に資するため、都市と農村との間の交流の促進、市民農園の整備の推進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures such as encouraging exchanges between urban and rural areas, and promoting improvement of allotment gardens, in order to enhance public understanding and awareness of agriculture and rural areas and to contribute to healthy and comfortable life.
- 1940年に農林省園芸試験場(現農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構果樹研究所カンキツ研究興津拠点)において宮川早生にカラタチを受粉させた珠心胚実生から選抜され、1963年に品種登録された。
- It was selected from nucellar seedlings, made by pollination of Bengal quince to Miyakawa wase at the Horticultural Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (today's Department of Citrus Research, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization), in 1940, and it was registered as a variety in 1963.
- 農林水産大臣は、この法律の目的を達成するために、水産資源の保護培養に必要であると認められる種類の漁業について、漁獲数量、操業の状況及び海況等に関し、科学的調査を実施しなければならない。
- In order to achieve the purpose of this Act, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall carry out scientific research on fishery whose categories are recognized to be necessary for the protection and culture of fishery resources, in respect of fish catch volumes, the situation of operation and condition of the sea.
- (3) 1877(明治10)年ごろ、兵庫県多可郡中町(現・多可町)安田の豪農山田勢三郎が自作田で見つけた大きな穂を近隣地にも奨励し、俵に「山田穂」の焼き印を押して出荷したことから始まる。
- (3) It was begun around 1877 by Seizaburo YAMADA, a wealthy farmer in Yasuda, Nakacho (currently Takacho), Taka-gun, Hyogo Prefecture, who recommended large ears that were found in his own rice field to farmers in the neighborhood and delivered rice in bags carrying the 'Yamadabo' brand.
- 前項の規定による農林水産大臣の解散命令を違法であるとしてその取消しを求める訴えは、当事者がその処分のあつたことを知つた日から一月以内に提起しなければならない。この期間は、不変期間とする。
- The lawsuit for requesting the rescission of the dissolution order of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister pursuant to the provision set forth in the preceding paragraph for a reason that the order is illegal shall be filed within one month from the day when the party concerned knew the disposition. This period shall be an unextendable period.
- 経済産業大臣は、新エネルギー等電気利用目標を定め、又は変更しようとするときは、政令で定めるところにより、あらかじめ、環境大臣及び農林水産大臣又は国土交通大臣の意見を聴かなければならない。
- When the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry intends to set or change the Use Target for Electricity from New Energy, etc., he/she shall hear the opinions of the Minister of Environment and the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in advance, pursuant to the Cabinet Order.
- 日本の歴史上の領主はヨーロッパの農奴制における領主のように無制限に所領の土地と人民を私有財産として所有したのではなく、徴税権・支配権にかかわる一定の権利義務の体系を所持した存在であった。
- Territorial lords in Japanese history were not like those under the serf system in Europe who owned the land and people in his or her territory as his or her private property without any restrictions, but possessed a system of certain rights and responsibilities concerning tax-collecting and territory-control.
- 銘醸地の聞こえ高い灘五郷も、もともとは農業だけでは生活できない貧しい村々であったが、寛政あたりから灘酒の評判はつとに高まり、彼ら農民は高給を以って酒師として各地へ招聘されるようになった。
- Nada Go-go, which was well known as a great sake-brewing district, had been originally a group of poor villages where farming could not produce enough money to live, but Nada sake rapidly became popular in about the Kansei era and peasants in this district began to be invited to various regions as sakashi at high salaries.
- 第三条第一項の規定による基本方針の策定及び公表並びに同条第三項の規定による基本方針の改定に関する事項については、経済産業大臣、国土交通大臣、農林水産大臣、財務大臣、厚生労働大臣及び環境大臣
- With respect to the formulation of the Basic Policy under Article 3, paragraph 1 and the revision of the Basic Policy under paragraph 3 of the said Article: the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Minister of Finance, Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare, and Minister of the Environment.
- 登録認定機関は、認定に関する業務に関する規程(以下「業務規程」という。)を定め、認定に関する業務の開始前に、農林水産大臣に届け出なければならない。これを変更しようとするときも、同様とする。
- A Registered Certifying Body shall enact its rules for Certification operations (hereinafter referred to as the 'Service Rules') and notify the same with the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries prior to the commencement of its Certification operations. The same shall apply when it intends to change its Service Rules.
- 農林水産大臣は、第一項の登録の更新の申請が登録の有効期間の満了の日の六月前までに行われなかつたとき、又は同項の規定により登録が効力を失つたときは、遅滞なく、その旨を公示しなければならない。
- When an application for renewal of Accreditation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) is not made no later than six months prior to the expiration date of the Effective Period of Accreditation or an Accreditation expires pursuant to the provisions of the same paragraph, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall publicly notify the same without delay.
- 国は、世界の食料需給の将来にわたる安定に資するため、開発途上地域における農業及び農村の振興に関する技術協力及び資金協力、これらの地域に対する食料援助その他の国際協力の推進に努めるものとする。
- The State shall endeavor to promote international cooperation including technical and financial cooperation for the development of agriculture and rural areas as well as food aid to the developing regions, in order to contribute to the long-term stability of the world's food supply and demand.
- そんななか、農林水産省でも、食文化の一つである郷土料理を見直し、地域の食材を生かした郷土料理の掘り起こしとともに、全国発信を図るため「郷土料理百選」を2007年度から選定することにしている。
- The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries reviews local dishes as part of the culinary culture, and the ministry is due to choose the 100 best dishes for fiscal 2007 in order to find local dishes that use their own local foodstuffs for the purposes of publicizing them nationwide.
- 農林水産大臣は、必要があると認めるときは、都道府県知事に対して、連合海区漁業調整委員会を設置すべきことを勧告することができる。この場合には、都道府県知事は、当該勧告を尊重しなければならない。
- The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister may recommend the Governor concerned to establish a Joint Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission when he/she finds it necessary. In this case, the Governor shall respect said recommendation.
- 変異体の選抜、戻し交雑、遺伝子組換えその他の農林水産省令で定める方法により、登録品種の主たる特性を保持しつつ特性の一部を変化させて育成され、かつ、特性により当該登録品種と明確に区別できる品種
- varieties which are bred by changing parts of the expressions of the characteristics of the registered variety while retaining the expressions of its essential characteristics using such methods as selection of a mutant, backcrossing, transformation by genetic engineering or other methods specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and which are clearly distinguishable from the initial registered variety by the expressions of the characteristics; or
- 地方公共団体は、基本理念にのっとり、食料、農業及び農村に関し、国との適切な役割分担を踏まえて、その地方公共団体の区域の自然的経済的社会的諸条件に応じた施策を策定し、及び実施する責務を有する。
- Local governments are responsible, pursuant to the basic principles, and based on an appropriate sharing of roles with the national government, for formulating and implementing policies for food, agriculture and rural areas that suit their natural and socioeconomic characteristics of the area.
- また、理研コンツェルンは理化学研究所の活動資金調達のために成立したユニークなコンツェルンであり、同族支配が行なわれず、「農村工業化」などを打ち出して新潟県柏崎市などで地方の工業化につとめた。
- The RIKEN conglomerate, however, was a unique Konzern established in order to procure capital for the activities of RIKEN (a major natural-science research institute in Japan); it was not managed by members of a single family but instead worked out a policy of 'industrialization of rural areas' and strived for that purpose in rural areas such as that of Kashiwazaki City, Niigata Prefecture.
- 乾麺については、日本農林規格(JAS)の『乾めん類品質表示基準』にて、小麦粉に食塩と水を混ぜてよく練った生地を帯状に細く切って乾燥させる製法で機械にて製造しているものは機械麺に分類している。
- As for dried noodles, 'Quality Labeling Standard for instant noodles' of Japan Agricultural Standards (JAS) stipulates that if machine was used during the manufacturing process; well kneaded dough made by mixing wheat-flour with salt and water is cut long and thin like tape, and then dried, the resulting noodles are classified into 'Kikaimen' (noodles made by machine).
- 農林水産大臣は、基本計画の変更により都道府県計画が基本計画に適合しなくなったと認めるときは、当該都道府県計画に係る都道府県の知事に対し、当該都道府県計画を変更すべき旨を通知しなければならない。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has found that any of the Prefectural Plans do not conform to the Basic Plan due to a change in the Basic Plan, he/she shall notify the governor of the prefecture pertaining to said Prefectural Plan to the effect that said Prefectural Plan should be changed.
- 農林水産大臣は、毎年度、溯河魚類のうちさけ及びますの個体群の維持のために独立行政法人水産総合研究センター(以下「センター」という。)が実施すべき人工ふ化放流に関する計画を定めなければならない。
- For each fiscal year, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall establish a plan concerning the artificial hatching and stocking to be executed by the Fisheries Research Agency (hereinafter referred to as 'Agency') for the maintenance of the population of salmon and trout among anadromous fish.
- 農林水産大臣は、登録認定機関が第十七条の二第一項各号のいずれかに適合しなくなつたと認めるときは、その登録認定機関に対し、これらの規定に適合するため必要な措置をとるべきことを命ずることができる。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries recognizes that a Registered Certifying Body has ceased to comply with the standards prescribed in the items under paragraph (1) of Article 17-2, he/she may order the Registered Certifying Body to take necessary measures to conform to said standards.
- 1つは周藤吉之・堀敏一らの説で均田制の崩壊で小農民による土地所有原則が崩壊して大土地所有が発生して地主と佃戸が形成され、宋代に入ると地主層が官僚となり佃戸を駆使して荘園を経営するようになった。
- One theory by Yoshiyuki SUDO, Toshikazu HORI and so on is that with the demise of the Equal-field system, the land ownership principle by peasant folks collapsed, the large landholding began, the owner and the denko were born and in the Sung dynasty the class of owners became the bureaucrats who came to manage shoens using the denkos.
- ManorismやSeigneurialismの語は、それぞれ、農村において代々相続される伝統的な支配地域を表すmanors、seigneuries(日本語では荘園と訳される)に由来している。
- The words 'manorism' or 'seigneurialism' respectively originate from the words 'manors' or 'seigneuries' (they are translated into 'shoen' in Japanese) which express the traditionally dominated region by heredity in villages.
- また、藁塚や密教塚のように藁屑や焼却灰まで集積した塚などの思想が、藁屑や焼却灰や下肥などを肥料にし流通に乗せ、経済振興と大豆食文化などに繋がる穀倉地や、穀物農耕の隆盛の一端を担ったともいえる。
- Additionally, it can be said that thinking on the mounds of wara zuka (a mound for rice straw) and mikkyo zuka (esoteric Buddhism mound) stacking straw bits and even ashes, caused the conversion of the straw bits, ashes and human wastes into fertilizers and put them into distribution to partly contribute to the development of grain-growing region related to economic growth and food culture of soybeans as well as to the development of grain farming.
- こうした問題点を是正するため、日本の農林水産省は2006年秋、「海外日本食レストラン認証制度」案を発表し、本来の日本食を提供する店を認証(後に「推奨」と変更)して推奨マークを交付しようとした。
- With the announcement of a draft titled 'A certification system for Japanese restaurants overseas' in the autumn of 2006, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Japan, aiming to improve these situations, tried to issue a recommendation mark to the restaurants which were certified (later, the ministry changed its stance from certified to recommended) by the ministry for serving original Japanese foods.
- 第五十九条第四項、第六十条、第六十一条第二項及び第三項、第六十二条並びに前条に規定する農林水産大臣の権限に属する事務の一部は、政令で定めるところにより、都道府県知事が行うこととすることができる。
- Part of the authority of the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries under the provisions of Article 59 paragraph (4), Article 60, Article 61 paragraph (2) and (3), Article 62 and Article 65 may be delegated to Prefectural Governors, pursuant to the provisions of the Cabinet Order.
- 1429年、日本に来た朴端生は、「日本の農人、水車の設けあり」として、学生の金慎に「造車の法」を精査させて模型を作り、鍍銀(銀メッキ)、造紙(紙漉)、朱紅、軽粉などの製造法を祖国に報告している。
- Seo-saeng BAK who came to Japan in 1429 made Kinshin (金慎), a student under him, investigate 'how to make a water wheel' closely and made him make a model water wheel, saying that 'Japanese farmers use water wheels,' and also reported a silver-gilding method, how to manufacture paper, how to generate vermillion and how to manufacture medicine called keifun.
- 農林水産大臣は、水産資源の保護培養に関する事項の指導及び普及その他この法律及びこの法律に基づく命令の励行に関する事務をつかさどらせるため、所部の職員のうちから水産資源保護指導官を命ずるものとする。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall appoint guidance officers for the protection of fishery resources from among employees under his/her jurisdiction to cause them to handle office work concerning the guidance and dissemination of matters relating to the protection and culture of the fishery resources or concerning the compliance with this Act and orders based on this Act.
- 農林水産大臣は、登録品種の特性が保持されているかどうかについて調査の必要があると認める場合は、育成者権者又は専用利用権者に対し登録品種の植物体の全部又は一部その他の資料の提出を命ずることができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may order the holder of a breeder's right or of an exclusive exploitation right to submit entire plants or parts of plants of the registered variety or other material, where he/she finds it necessary in order to verify the maintenance of the expressions of the characteristics of the registered variety.
- 唐や宋の荘園には不輸不入の権限は存在しなかったものの、皇帝からの恩賜地は租税を減免され、官僚所有の荘園には免役特権が存在したため、農民が重い税負担から逃れるために荘園を官僚に寄進する例も見られた。
- The shoens during the Tang and Sung dynasty did not have the right of tax exemption and the right to keep the tax agents from entering the property, but the lands from the Emperor were exempt from taxation and the shoens owned by bureaucrats had the right of tax exemptions and so some farmers donated their shoens to the bureaucrats so as to escape from heavy tax burden.
- 豊臣秀吉による伏見城築城期の築堤をはじめとする土木工事などにより時代によって姿を変え、最終的には1933年(昭和8年)から1941年(昭和16年)にかけて行われた干拓事業によって農地に姿を変えた。
- Ogura-ike Pond was transformed through time by various civil engineering works including banking during the construction of Fushimi-jo Castle by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and, ultimately, it was converted to farmland by the land reclamation project that took place between 1933 and 1941.
- この概念が登場した背景として、1970年代以降、王朝国家論を巡る議論の中で、在地の農民層から武士が生まれて貴族の荘園支配を打倒していったとするそれまでの解釈への批判が強まったことがあげられている。
- One of the commonly understood reasons for the rise of this concept was the increasing criticism in the 1970's and onwards of the conventional understanding that local farmers were the foundation of the samurais who overthrew shoen (manors in medieval Japan) control by aristocrats.
- 戦中の島民疎開により途絶えていたが、1989年(平成元年)になって地域おこしの一環として小笠原村の役場・農業協同組合・商工会によってこれを扱う企業が設立され、その製法を模したラム酒が製造されている。
- It was discontinued because the islanders evacuated during the war, but in 1989 as part of regional promotion, a company was established by the local government, Agricultural Cooperatives and Chamber of Commerce of Ogasawara village to produce it and rum was produced by following the manufacturing process.
- 農林水産大臣は、特定海洋生物資源ごとの動向、特定海洋生物資源に係る漁業の経営その他の事情を勘案して、毎年少なくとも一回、基本計画に検討を加え、必要があると認めるときは、これを変更しなければならない。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall examine the Basic Plan, in consideration of the trends in specified living marine resources, the management of fisheries pertaining to the specified living marine resources, and other circumstances at least once a year, and shall change the Basic Plan when he/she finds it necessary.
- 第十九条の十三第三項の規定により定められた品質に関する表示の基準を守らない製造業者等があるときは、内閣総理大臣又は農林水産大臣は、当該製造業者等に対し、その基準を守るべき旨の指示をすることができる。
- When a Manufacturer, etc. does not comply with the standard for quality labeling provided for pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) of Article 19-13, the Prime Minister or the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may instruct such Manufacturer, etc. to comply with such standard.
- 外国製造業者等が第十九条の三第一項又は第十九条の六第一項において準用する第十四条第五項の規定に基づき、その製造、加工若しくは輸出に係る農林物資又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に格付の表示を付する場合
- In the case where an overseas Manufacturer, etc. affixes a Grade Label pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5) of Article 14 as applied mutatis mutandis in paragraph (1) of Article 19-3 or paragraph (1) of Article 19-6 to the agricultural and forestry product which he/she manufactures, processes or exports, or its package, container or invoice;
- 勧農は非常に広い概念を有する語であり、例えば、潅漑用水の整備・維持、種子・農料の貸与・給付(出挙もこれに含まれる)、耕地の配分、農業労働力の組織編成、荒廃地の開発、税率の上下調整などが含まれていた。
- Kanno is a term covering very wide-ranging concepts, it included the maintenance of irrigation facilities, lend-lease and benefit of seeds and agriculture fees ('suikyo,' land lease at interest was also included), the allocation of farm lands, the organization of the agricultural labor, the development of denuded lands, the up-down adjustment of the tax rate, and so on.
- だが、江戸時代中期以後商品作物の生産が広まってくると都市周辺部の農村など本来は米の生産が可能な地域においてもなし崩しに買納制が行われていき、江戸幕府さえもが事実上の黙認政策を採らざるを得なくなった。
- However, as the production of commercial crops became widely spread during the mid-Edo period, baino-sei was carried out even in suburban villages where rice can be produced, to which the Edo bakufu virtually took an acquiescence policy.
- 同県立農事試験場にて酒の原料に使われる一般米/雄町を交配、1931(昭和6)年に品種確定し「山渡50-7」との系統名がつけられ、1936(昭和11)年に「山田錦」と命名され兵庫県奨励品種に採用された。
- The Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station cross-fertilized general-purpose rice (which was used as a material for sake) with Omachi; the variety was fixed in 1931 and was given the line name 'Yamato 50-7' and named 'Yamada nishiki' in 1936, after which it was adopted as a recommended variety of Hyogo Prefecture.
- 江戸時代後期の文政年間、聖護院の東の黒谷という場所に金戒光明寺という寺院が在り、この寺院に尾張から大根が奉納され、聖護院の農家がその大根を貰いうけ、何年も育てていると、何故か丸くなってしまったと言う。
- During the Bunsei era in the latter part of the Edo period, this daikon was given to Konkaikomyo-ji Temple in Kurotani district in the east of Shogoin district, as an offering from Owari Province; when a farmer in Shogoin district was given the daikon and grew it for years, the shape somehow changed to a round shape.
- 農林水産大臣は、広域漁業調整委員会の議決が法令に違反し、又は著しく不当であると認めるときは、理由を示してこれを再議に付することができる。ただし、議決があつた日から一月を経過したときは、この限りでない。
- In the case when the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister finds that a resolution of a Wide Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission violates an act or ordinance or is remarkably undue, he/she may submit the resolution for reconsideration, showing a reason; provided that this shall not apply if one month has elapsed after the date of the resolution.
- 農林水産大臣は、出願品種の名称が第四条第一項各号のいずれかに該当するときは、出願者に対し、相当の期間を指定して、出願品種の名称を同項各号のいずれにも該当しない名称に変更すべきことを命ずることができる。
- Where the denomination of the applied variety falls under any of the items of Article 4 paragraph (1), the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may order the applicant to change it to another denomination which does not fall under any of the items of the said paragraph, designating a reasonable period of time.
- 農林水産大臣は、前条第一項の場合において必要があると認めるときは、センターに、登録認定機関の事務所、事業所又は倉庫に立ち入り、認定に関する業務の状況又は帳簿、書類その他の物件を検査させることができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may, when deeming it necessary in the case prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, have the Center enter the Registered Certifying Body's office, place of business or warehouse and inspect the conditions of its operations or books, documents and other materials concerning the Certification.
- また武家権力による天下統一のため農地を基礎とする農本主義を選択せざるを得ず商業の隆盛による前期資本主義的社会の成立に財政徴税などの基本体制が対応できず幕府各藩とも大商人からの借入が拡大し破綻していく。
- Each domain of the bakufu ran into debt from large-scale merchants and eventually went broke because of their dependence on agricultural fundamentalism to rule the nation, in addition, basic systems such as tax collection, did not respond to the establishment of the lower capitalist society made up of flourishing commerce.
- 川に沿って建てられた民家のうちおよそ250棟は、昔ながらの茅葺き民家で、特に北集落は茅葺き民家が多く残っており、自然景観と、茅葺き民家がうまく調和して、日本の農村の原風景とも言うべき風情を呈している。
- Among the houses along the river, approximately 250 of them have thatched roofs and many of them remain in the northern settlement, in particular; with the natural scenery and thatched houses in perfect harmony, the area retains the unspoiled landscape of farming villages in Japan.
- 予祝芸能(よしゅくげいのう)とは、伝統芸能を信仰の面からとらえたときの、萬歳や春駒など新春をことほぐ芸能や、農作業のあらましをあらかじめ一通り演じて順調に稲が実るように祈願する田遊び・御田などを指す。
- In seeing the traditional perfuming arts from a religious point of view, Yoshuku Geino refers to various performing arts for celebrating the New Year such as Manzai (a traditional celebratory chant-like song) or Harukoma (a dance in which a performer carries a wooden horse's head), and Ta asobi or Onda, a performance mimicking the processes of rice production to pray for a good harvest before farm work starts.
- この急速な布教展開は他宗派関係者や鎌倉幕府内権力者の警戒心を招き、1279年(弘安2年)には熱原郷付近の僧俗が徹底的な弾圧を受け、最終的に3名の農民信徒が殉教を遂げるという事件も起きている(熱原法難)。
- This rapid movement of propagation caused suspicions among the people of other religious sects or the authorities within Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and in 1279 the monks and ordinary people around Atsuhara village were suppressed badly, and finally there was an incident where three believers of farmers became martyrs (Atsuhara Persecution).
- これを踏まえて「県産米100%の大吟醸」というコンセプトで開発が進められ、1989年に県農業総合研究所作物研究センターにて山田錦/五百万石を交配、2004年品種登録、2005年新潟県産地品種銘柄に指定。
- Based on such facts, the development had been carried out with the concept of 'daiginjo with 100% rice from Niigata Prefecture;' in 1989 the Agricultural Products Research Center of the Niigata Agricultural Research Institute cross-fertilized Yamada nishiki/Gohyakumangoku, and the variety was registered in 2004 and designated as the brand variety of the growing district for Niigata Prefecture.
- この法律は、新品種の保護のための品種登録に関する制度、指定種苗の表示に関する規制等について定めることにより、品種の育成の振興と種苗の流通の適正化を図り、もって農林水産業の発展に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to promote the breeding of plant varieties and the rational distribution of propagating material by providing for a system relating to the registration of plant varieties for the protection of new plant varieties and regulations relating to the indication of designated seeds, so as to contribute to the development of agriculture, forestry and fisheries.
- こうした背景には、現役の杜氏の高齢化とともに、以前は貧しい寒村であるがゆえに杜氏集団を輩出してきた地方が、農業や漁業だけでも暮らしていける社会になり、出稼ぎに行く必要がなくなったという時代的趨勢がある。
- Such situation is influenced by the aging of active toji people and the current trend in which the regions which used to produce toji groups due to their poverty are now transformed into the community which enables people to make enough income only by farming or fishing, without going to another place for work anymore.
- 平成16年のJAS(日本農林規格)の改正に伴い、旧名「新式醸造」のうち混合先が諸味のものが「混合醸造方式」となり、混合先が諸味ではなく生揚げ醤油なものと旧名「アミノ酸添加法」が「混合方式」と変更された。
- Due to amendments to Japan Agricultural Standards (JAS) in 2004, among the methods, 'New type brewing method' (former name), the method of mixing to moromi is determined as 'Mixed fermented method,' and the method of mixing to kiage soy-sauce and 'Amino acid adding method' (former name) were determined as 'Mixed method.'
- 縁日や市や祭りが催される場所を求め渡り歩き(近隣や遠方への旅回り)床店(「とこみせ」とは組立式の移動店舗)で商売をする、いわゆる露天商であり、個人や個人経営の組もあるが、神農商業協同組合の組合員も多い。
- They, so-called rotensho (stallholder), traveled to locations near and far in search of fairs, markets, and festivals, selling their goods from portable stalls known as tokomise, and while some were individually or privately run, most were members of the Shinno Commercial Cooperative Association.
- 幻野祭の当日、テルアビブの銃撃戦で亡くなった日本赤軍の京大生(奥平剛士、安田安之ら)らの追悼集会を西部構内で行い、西部講堂から農学部グラウンドまでをつなぐ、一大ページェント「幻野祭」を実現したのであった。
- On the day at the Genyasai Festival, memorial ceremony for students of Kyoto University and member of Japanese Red Army (Tsuyoshi OKUDAIRA, Yasuyuki YASUDA and others) who lost their lives in a gun battle in Tel Aviv was held at west side of the campus, and the great pageant 'Genyasai Festival,' connecting Seibu-Kodo Hall to the grounds of Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, was realized.
- ソメイヨシノは韓国の王桜を期限とする説もあったが、2007年米国農務省による遺伝子調査によって、韓国の王桜は韓国固有であり日本のソメイヨシノとは別種であることが確認されたため、本説は完全に否定されている。
- There was a theory regarding the Osakura (王桜), of Korea, as the origin of Someiyoshino, but in 2007 it was confirmed through genetic research by the U.S. Department of Agriculture that the Osakura of Korea is peculiar to Korea and is a different species from the Someiyoshino of Japan, and consequently this theory has been thoroughly refuted.
- 大臣管理量又は大臣管理努力量に係る採捕を行う者は、当該大臣管理量又は大臣管理努力量に係る特定海洋生物資源の保存及び管理に関する協定を締結し、当該協定が適当である旨の農林水産大臣の認定を受けることができる。
- A person who carries out gathering or catching related to quantity control by the Minister or fishing effort control by the Minister may enter into an agreement on the preservation and control of the specified living marine resources those are related to said quantity control by the Minister or fishing effort control by the Minister, and may obtain certification from the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to the effect that said agreement is appropriate.
- 日本農林規格(JAS規格)の『乾めん類品質表示基準』にて、機械麺の場合、ひやむぎの麺の太さは直径と直径1.3mm以上~1.7mm未満とされている(同基準を満たしている場合「細うどん」とも表示可能である)。
- According to the 'Quality Labeling Standard for Dried Noodles' of the Japan Agricultural Standards (JAS), machine-made noodles should be between 1.3 mm and 1.7 mm in diameter (it is also possible to use the label 'thin udon noodles' in cases where this standard is satisfied).
- この法律の施行の際平成十一年における前条の規定による廃止前の農業基本法(以下「旧基本法」という。)第六条第一項の報告が国会に提出されていない場合には、同項の報告の国会への提出については、なお従前の例による。
- If such a report as referred to under the first paragraph of Article 6 of the Agricultural Basic Act before its abolishment, as prescribed in the preceding article (hereinafter referred to as 'old Basic Act'), has not been submitted to the Diet in 1999 prior to the effective date of this Act, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable to the submission of the report to the Diet.
- その後、江戸幕府による士農工商の身分制により武士などの上層階級では小袖の柄行きが固定化されてしまうが、京・大坂などの上方や江戸の富裕な町人は平和になった余力を衣類に向けるようになり手の込んだ小袖が誕生する。
- After that, while due to class distinctions (warriors, farmers, artisans, and tradesmen in descending order of rank) set by Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the design of kosode was fixed among the upper class of samurai, richer townsmen in Kyoto, Osaka and Edo spent their surplus of the fruits of regained peaceful time on clothing, and elaborately crafted kosode were born.
- 農林水産大臣は、一の指定漁業につきその許可をし又は起業の認可をしても水産動植物の繁殖保護又は漁業調整その他公益に支障を及ぼさないと認めるときは、当該指定漁業につき第一項の規定による公示をしなければならない。
- In the case when the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister finds that the protection of reproduction of aquatic animals and plants, fisheries adjustment and other public interest will not be impaired even if permissions and approvals of business commencement are granted on one designated fishery, he/she shall make a public notice pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) on said designated fishery.
- 外国流通行程管理者が第十九条の三第三項又は第十九条の六第一項において準用する第十四条第五項の規定に基づき、その流通行程の管理若しくは把握に係る農林物資又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に格付の表示を付する場合
- In the case where an overseas Distribution Process Manager affixes a Grade Label pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5) of Article 14 as applied mutatis mutandis in paragraph (3) of Article 19-3 or paragraph (1) of Article 19-6 to the agricultural and forestry product, the distribution process of which he/she manages or controls, or its package, container or invoice;
- 外国生産行程管理者が第十九条の三第二項又は第十九条の六第一項において準用する第十四条第五項の規定に基づき、その生産行程の管理若しくは把握に係る農林物資又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に格付の表示を付する場合
- In the case where an overseas Production Process Manager affixes a Grade Label pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5) of Article 14 as applied mutatis mutandis in paragraph (2) of Article 19-3 or paragraph (1) of Article 19-6 to the agricultural and forestry product, the production process of which he/she manages or controls, or its package, container or invoice;
- 農林水産大臣又は都道府県の知事は、前二項の規定による命令をしようとするときは、行政手続法(平成五年法律第八十八号)第十三条第一項の規定による意見陳述のための手続の区分にかかわらず、聴聞を行わなければならない。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or the governor of any prefecture wishes to issue an order pursuant to the provisions of either of the preceding two paragraphs, he/she shall first hold a hearing, regardless of its classification as a proceeding for statement of opinions pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 13 of Administrative Procedure Act (Act No. 88 of 1993).
- 農林水産大臣は、前条第一項及び第二項の規定に違反した種苗業者に対し、同条第一項各号に掲げる事項を表示し、若しくは当該事項の表示を変更すべき旨を命じ、又はその違反行為に係る指定種苗の販売を禁止することができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may order any seed dealer who has violated the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) of Article 50 to indicate the matters listed in each item of paragraph (1) of the said Article or to change the contents of the indicated matters, or may prohibit the sale of the designated seeds pertaining to the act of violation.
- 古代の戸籍制度・班田収授法などによる律令制的な人別支配の維持が困難となっていた当時、国司は公田を名田という単位へ再編するとともに、有力農民層(田堵という)へ名田の経営と名田からの租税徴収を請け負わせていった。
- At that time, it became difficult to maintain control over each person like in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), based on a family registration system and Handen Shuju ho (the law of periodic reallocations of rice land), and therefore, kokushi (provincial governors) reorganized Koden (fields administered directly by a ruler) into myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder) and came to entrust the work of managing myoden and collecting taxes from there to powerful farmers (called tato).
- 大きな荘園では(領地(領主の直轄地)での義務労役という大きな潜在的供給力を持つ領主がいれば、)農奴保有地の割合が大きかったのに対して、小さな荘園では、領地における耕地可能な面積の割合が大きくなりがちであった。
- In the case of large shoens (if the lords had the large potential supply, that is, the compulsory service in the land directly controlled by the lords), the ratio of the serf's lands was large, but in small shoens, the ratio of the cultivatable area in the land tended to be large.
- 都道府県知事は、海区漁業調整委員会又は連合海区漁業調整委員会に対し、第一項の指示について必要な指示をすることができる。この場合には、都道府県知事は、あらかじめ、農林水産大臣に当該指示の内容を通知するものとする。
- The Governor concerned may give a necessary instruction concerning the instruction of paragraph (1) to the Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission concerned or the Joint Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission concerned. In this case, the Governor concerned shall notify the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister of the contents of said instruction in advance.
- 一代限りの身分ではあるが、実際には引退に際し子弟や縁者を後継者とすることで世襲は可能であり、また薄給ながら生活を維持できるため、後にその権利が「株」として売買され、富裕な農民・商人の次・三男の就職口ともなった。
- The status of ashigaru was restricted to a single generation but in actuality could be inherited by a child or relative upon retirement and, this right later went on to be bought and sold as 'kabu' and also became a position of employment for the second and third sons of wealthy farmers and merchants, because they could make their living by being an ashigaru although their salaries were low.
- そこで、日本食・日本食材の普及・啓蒙を主たる事業とすることに方針を変更し、2007年に農林水産省の外郭組織であるNPO「日本食レストラン海外普及推進機構」を設立し、海外の主だった都市にその支部を発足させている。
- Then, changing its policy to putting emphasis on the spread and enlightenment of Japanese foods and ingredients, the ministry established a nonprofit organization 'Organization to Promote Japanese Restaurants Abroad', an extra-departmental organization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, in 2007, allowing its branch offices to start work in the main overseas cities.
- 太平洋戦争末期には旧日本軍大日本帝国海軍の「石原飛行場」と呼ばれる航空基地も存在しており、その滑走路は現在の中丹広域農道沿いに市内前田から石原をまたぎ戸田にまで伸び、長さはおよそ1700メートルにもおよんでいた。
- During the final days of the Pacific War, an air base called 'Isa Airport' for the Old Japanese Military, the Imperial Japanese Navy, existed, and the runway ran from Maeda in the city to Toda across Isa, measuring up to approximately 1,700 m long.
- 国民に対する食料の安定的な供給については、世界の食料の需給及び貿易が不安定な要素を有していることにかんがみ、国内の農業生産の増大を図ることを基本とし、これと輸入及び備蓄とを適切に組み合わせて行われなければならない。
- In consideration of the fact that the world's food supply and demand and trade have some uncertainties, stable food supply to the citizens shall be secured by increased domestic agricultural production as a base together with appropriate combination of import and reserve.
- 高地では農民の自由が保たれるようになっていた(特に畜産は労働の集約化が弱まったため、農奴の奉仕を必要としなくなっていった)が、他方、ヨーロッパの幾つかの地域では、最も圧政的な荘園支配と呼ばれるような状況も見られた。
- In highlands the freedom of farmers was preserved (especially in livestock raising, the labor intensity was weakened and so the service of serfs was not needed), but on the other hand, the most oppressive governance of shoens was also seen in several areas in Europe.
- その後、これら武士の子孫を中心として「三十三人衆」と呼ばれる地主層が形成され、「かんじん」と呼ばれた小作人(名子小作)たちは田畑はもちろん、家屋敷から農具に至るまで旦那衆から借り受けて生計を立てなくてはならなかった。
- In later years, the landowner class called Sanju-san-nin shu was formed mainly by the offspring of these samurai warriors, and kosakunin (nago kosaku (tenant farmers of a lower class)) called kanjin had to borrow not only rice fields and vegetable fields but also houses and farm tools from masters in order to earn a living.
- 内閣総理大臣又は農林水産大臣は、前項の規定による申出があつたときは、必要な調査を行い、その申出の内容が事実であると認めるときは、第十九条の十三及び第十九条の十四に規定する措置その他の適切な措置をとらなければならない。
- Upon the acceptance of the report prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the Prime Minister or the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall conduct necessary investigation and when he/she finds that the contents of such report are true, take measures prescribed in Article 19-13 and Articles 19-14 and other appropriate measures.
- 前号の電磁的記録に記録された事項を電磁的方法(電子情報処理組織を使用する方法その他の情報通信の技術を利用する方法であつて農林水産省令で定めるものをいう。)により提供することの請求又は当該事項を記載した書面の交付の請求
- Request to obtain the electromagnetically recorded content mentioned in the previous item in an electromagnetic form (using an electronic data processing system or technology for information and communication as specified by MAFF Ordinance) or request to obtain said content in paper form
- 前項の規定により当該物資又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に格付の表示が付された農林物資は、第一項から第三項までの規定による格付が行われた後でなければ、譲り渡し、譲渡しの委託をし、又は譲渡しのために陳列してはならない。
- The agricultural and forestry product, its package, container or invoice on which the Grade Label is affixed pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not be transferred, consigned for transfer or displayed for transfer before the grading is carried out pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (1) to (3).
- 農林水産大臣は、内水面における水産動植物の保護増殖のため特に必要があると認めるときは、都道府県知事に対し、第一項の規定による命令をすべきことを指示し、又は当該命令にかかる増殖計画を変更すべきことを指示することができる。
- The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister may instruct the Governor concerned to give an order pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) or to instruct to change the reproduction plan pertaining to said order, when he/she finds it especially necessary for the protection of reproduction of aquatic animals and plants in inland waters.
- 登録品種の種苗を業として譲渡する者は、農林水産省令で定めるところにより、その譲渡する登録品種の種苗又はその種苗の包装にその種苗が品種登録に係る旨の表示(以下「品種登録表示」という。)を付するように努めなければならない。
- Any person who transfers propagating material in the course of business shall make efforts to place a mark, on the propagating material of a registered variety he/she transfers or the package thereof, which indicates the said propagating material is of a registered variety (hereinafter referred to as 'mark of registered variety'), pursuant to the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 農林水産大臣は、前三項の規定による処分に係る聴聞をしようとするときは、その期日の一週間前までに、行政手続法(平成五年法律第八十八号)第十五条第一項の規定による通知をし、かつ、聴聞の期日及び場所を公示しなければならない。
- In the case where the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries intends to conduct a hearing pertaining to any of the dispositions pursuant to the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs, he/she shall give notice pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 15 of the Administrative Procedure Act (Act No. 88 of 1993) no later than one week prior to the date of hearing and also publicly notify the date and location of hearing.
- 都道府県知事又は農林水産大臣は、前項の許可を受けないでされた工事が当該保護水面の管理に著しく障害を及ぼすと認めるときは、当該工事の施行者に対し、当該工事を変更し、又は当該水面を原状に回復すべきことを命ずることができる。
- In the event that the prefectural governor or the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries considers that work carried out without obtaining the permission set forth in the preceding paragraph seriously influences the administration of such Protected Water Surface, he/she may order the person who carries out such work to change such work or to restore such water surface to its original state.
- 室町時代は、3代征夷大将軍足利義満の時代の全盛を除いて戦乱と無秩序の時代であったが、鎌倉時代以前には見られない、出自不明の農民・商人層の社会進出を可能とし、日本史上、初めて人間の顔が見える人物を登場させた時代でもある。
- Aside from the golden age of prosperity reached under the third seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the Muromachi period was fraught with wars and disorder, but on the other hand, not since before the Kamakura period had there been such opportunity for common people of obscure origins, farmers and tradesmen, to advance socially, and among all the eras of Japanese history, the Muromachi period was the first to produce notable people whose faces and lives appear in clear focus to later eyes.
- 概して土地が乏しく夏場の耕作だけでは貧しかった地方の農民が、農閑期である冬に年間副収入を得るべく、配下に村の若者などを従えて、良い水が取れ酒造りを行なっている地域、いわゆる酒どころへ集団出稼ぎに行ったのが始まりである。
- Its origin is that peasants in a region where farming during only a summer period could not produce enough money due to poor lands formed a group involving young people in their villages, and they went to another region called sake-dokoro (a place famous for sake brewing) where people brewed sake using the local good water, in order to make some additional incomes during a winter period, which was an agricultural off-season.
- 第二次世界大戦後は農村の過疎が進み、共同作業として行う葺き替えが困難になったこと、規制等により新たに建造することが簡便ではないこと、また、スギなどの木材価格が一時的に高騰し茅場が人工林化したことなどから急激に姿を消した。
- After the Second World War, thatched roofs disappeared rapidly because of the decrease in population in farming areas made it difficult to jointly re-thatch roofs, introduction of regulations that complicated new buildings and the price of wood, such as Japanese cedar, temporarily increased and kaya-growing areas were converted to artificial forests.
- 農林水産大臣は、指定漁業の許可又は起業の認可を受けた者が第五十六条第一項第二号又は第五十七条第一項各号(第四号を除く。)のいずれかに該当することとなつたときは、当該指定漁業の許可又は起業の認可を取り消さなければならない。
- When a person granted a permission or an approval on business commencement for a designated fishery falls under item (ii), paragraph (1), Article 56 or any of the respective items of paragraph (1), Article 57 (excluding item (iv), the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister shall rescind the permission or the approval on business commencement for said designated fishery.
- 農林水産大臣は、登録品種等につき利用がされることが公共の利益のため特に必要である場合を除き、当該登録品種等につき利用が適当にされていないことについて正当な理由がある場合は、通常利用権を設定すべき旨の裁定をしてはならない。
- Unless he/she finds the exploitation of a registered variety, etc. especially necessary for the reason of public interest, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall not render an arbitration decision ordering a non-exclusive exploitation right to be granted where there is any justifiable ground why the registered variety etc. has not been exploited adequately.
- この法律で「規格」とは、農林物資の品質(その形状、寸法、量目又は荷造り、包装等の条件を含む。以下同じ。)についての基準及びその品質に関する表示(名称及び原産地の表示を含み、栄養成分の表示を除く。以下同じ。)の基準をいう。
- For the purpose of this Act, the term 'standard' shall mean the quality standard for agricultural and forestry products (including the condition of the products, such as their shape, size, quantity, packing and packaging; the same shall apply hereinafter) and for the quality labeling thereof (including labeling of the name and source of origin but excluding nutritional composition labeling; the same shall apply hereinafter).
- 阪神本線(1905年開業)を嚆矢とし、続く箕面有馬電気軌道(後の阪急宝塚本線、1910年開業)、阪急神戸本線(1920年開業)ほかの各線の開通は、神戸・北摂の未開拓な後背地であった近郊農村地帯への着目のきっかけとなった。
- Beginning with the Hanshin Line (started in 1905), the opening of the subsequent Minoo Arima Electric Tramway (later Hankyu Takarazuka Main Line, started in 1910), the Hanshin Kobe Main Line (started in 1920) and other lines became a trigger for focusing on the suburban farming areas which had previously been unexploited hinterlands in Kobe and Hokusetsu region.
- 1776年(安永 (元号)5年)、水戸藩那珂郡山方町農民の、後に名字帯刀を許された中島藤右衛門(なかじま とうえもん)(1745年-1825年)が乾燥した球茎が腐らないことにヒントを得て粉状にする事を思いついたとされる。
- It is believed that in 1776, Toemon NAKAJIMA (1745-1825), a farmer in Yamagata Town, Naka County, Mito Domain, conceived a bright idea of grinding dried konnyaku corms which he had found don't go bad, and then Myojitaito (the right to bear a surname and wear a sword) was awarded for his invention.
- 農林水産大臣は、登録認定機関が第十七条の五の規定に違反していると認めるときは、当該登録認定機関に対し、認定に関する業務を行うべきこと又は認定の方法その他の業務の方法の改善に関し必要な措置をとるべきことを命ずることができる。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries finds that a Registered Certifying Body has violated the provisions of Article 17-5, he/she may order said Registered Certifying Body to carry out the Certification operations or take necessary measures to improve the Certification method or other business methods.
- これらを貢納する贄人を初めとする非農業民は、従来「無主」にして「公私共利」の地とされた山野河海の利用により生業をたてていたが、8世紀以降の律令制の解体、荘園公領制の成立とともに、荘園領主による制約を受けるようになってきた。
- Non-agricultural people, including those who presented these items, made their living from the mountains, fields, rivers, and the sea that were originally lands 'not owned by anyone' and were 'beneficial publicly and privately,' however, regulations were initiated by Shoen owners after the disbandment of the Ritsuryo system and the establishment of the Shoen-Koryo system from the 8th Century.
- その反省から、1990年代以降は自前の酒米用農地(田んぼ)を持ち、春から秋にかけては米作りを、秋から春にかけては酒造りをおこなう蔵や、酒米作りを専門とする農家と栽培契約をむすび一体化した生産体制に切り替える蔵が急増している。
- Consequent upon the foregoing, since 1990s, the number of breweries that have their own agricultural land (paddy fields) in which to produce sakamai and carry out rice growing from spring to autumn and sake brewing from autumn to spring, and other breweries that conclude contracts for growing to unify their production systems, has rapidly increased.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定により種苗管理センター又は家畜改良センターに集取を行わせる場合には、種苗管理センター又は家畜改良センターに対し、当該集取の期日、場所その他必要な事項を示してこれを実施すべきことを指示するものとする。
- Where the collection is conducted by the NCSS or the NLBC pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall issue an instruction to the NCSS or the NLBC to designate the date, place and other relevant items of information.
- また、寒造りが主流となったことによって、酒造りは冬に限られた仕事となったので、農民が出稼ぎとして冬場だけ杜氏を請け負うようになり、やがて各地にそれぞれ地域的な特徴を持った杜氏の職人集団が生成されていったという側面もうまれた。
- As kanzukuri became the main method, sake brewing became restricted to winter and farmers became sake brewers as an extra job only during the winter, and toji worker groups began to form in each district.
- 士農工商という身分が明確に分けられていた階級社会があった江戸時代では、家紋の用途は相手の身分や家格に応じて自分や家族の身なりを正すためであったり、家の格式を他人に示したりする、相手の身分を確認したり示すといった目的に変化した。
- Japan was a hierarchical society of samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants during the Edo period, and Kamon were used as a means of indicating the social status of your family to others and ascertaining the social standing and lineage of others, enabling you and your family to dress accordingly.
- 会津藩には武士身分で構成される正規治安部隊、京都見廻組(組長=佐々木只三郎)があり、農民・商人身分で構成される新撰組(組長=近藤勇)は、会津藩の京都における非正規治安部隊(後年は近藤らは幕臣になり正式な治安部隊になる)である。
- In the Aizu Clan, the formal security force was the Kyoto Mimawarigumi (Commander = Tadazaburo SASAKI), and Shinsen-gumi (Commander = Isami KONDO), composed of men with the social position of farmers/merchants, was the non-formal security force of the Aizu Clan for the Kyoto area (in later years, KONDO and others became vassals of the shogunate, and thus Shinsen-gumi became a formal security force).
- 杜氏の発生の前提として、まず日本酒の産業革命ともいうべき、鴻池善右衛門による大量仕込み樽の技法が慶長5年(1600年)に開発されたこと、さらに、幕藩体制が敷かれ、各地方において農民と領主の関係が固定したことの二つが挙げられる。
- There were two facts which triggered toji; firstly Zen-emon KONOIKE developed a technique of large-sized preparation barrels in 1600, which can be said to be the industrial revolution of Japanese sake, and secondly the shogunate and domain system was established and it settled a relation between peasants and their lord in each region.
- また旅回りの的屋の世話役や、庭場の場所決めの割り振りや場所代の取り決めや徴収をする顔役をさし、この顔役を中心に組織化したものが、神農商業協同組合などであり、相互扶助を目的とした露天商の連絡親睦団体として全国の各地域に存在する。
- The Shinno Commercial Cooperative Association and so on, organized around the boss who manage the traveling tekiya, set the niwaba and rents, and collect the rents, is located in various places around Japan and acts as a mutual assistance and communication network for stallholders.
- 農林水産大臣は、優良な品質の指定種苗の流通を確保するため特に必要があると認められるときは、当該指定種苗の生産、調整、保管又は包装について当該指定種苗の生産を業とする者及び種苗業者が遵守すべき基準を定め、これを公表するものとする。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall, where he/she finds it particularly necessary in order to secure the distribution of designated seeds of good quality, determine and publicize standards relating to the production, conditioning, stocking or packaging, of the said designated seeds, that should be complied with by persons producing the said seeds in the course of business and seed dealers.
- それに対して、川本利恵、中村充一「正座の源流」(東京家政大学紀要第39号 1999年)では、この座り方そのものは「日本諸事要録」(1583年)の記載から、16世紀後半にはすでに下級武士や農民にまで浸透していたことを指摘している。
- On the other hand, 'Origin of Seiza' by Rie KAWAMOTO and Michikazu NAKAMURA (Tokyo Kasei University Journal, No. 39, 1999) points out that, judging from descriptions contained in 'Sumario de las cosas de Japon' (1583), this style of sitting was common among lower-ranking samurai and peasants in the late 16th century.
- 農林水産大臣は、第一項の規定により規格を制定しようとするときは、あらかじめ審議会等(国家行政組織法(昭和二十三年法律第百二十号)第八条に規定する機関をいう。)で政令で定めるもの(以下「審議会」という。)の議決を経なければならない。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries intends to enact a standard pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), he/ she shall, in advance, go through the resolution process of the Council, etc. (the organ prescribed in Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948)) for which is provided by Cabinet Order (hereinafter referred to as the 'Council').
- しかし戦争が終わると地元の農民が自力でその滑走路のコンクリートを剥がし農地に復興させたため、今ではその姿を見ることは出来ないが周辺には物資格納倉庫に加え、敵機を撃墜させるための高射砲も存在し、米軍の機銃掃射の攻撃対象にもなっていた。
- However, when the war was over, since local farmers removed concrete from the runway by themselves, and restored it as agricultural land, the runway no longer exists; however, an antiaircraft gun and storage locker still exists around it, and were the target of machine gun attacks by the U.S. military.
- 歴史家アンリ・ピレンヌは、イスラム圏への征服活動が、ヨーロッパ中世経済の著しい農村化をもたらし、また多様な農奴階級が支える地域権力ヒエラルキーという伝統的な封建様式を引き起こしたとする説を展開している(ただし異論も少なからずある)。
- The historian Henri Pirenne presented the argument that the conquest activities of the Islamic world caused the significant villagization of the economy in medieval Europe and the traditional feudal system which was the local power hierarchy supported by the class of serfs (however, many people have different opinions).
- また、砂漠より少し降水量が多い黄土高原などでは、もともと雨水だけに頼り、休耕地をつくって雨を蓄えさせる(黄土や黄砂は粒子が細かく、表面張力によって粒子同士の隙間に水が蓄えられるため、実は保水性がある)伝統的な天水農法が行われていた。
- In the Loess Plateau where slightly more rain than in desert falls, the traditional rain-fed farming method, in which, relying solely on rainfall, fallow land was used for accumulating rain, was originally utilized (particles of loess and of kosa are so fine that surface tension enables water to be accumulated among the particles, providing them with a water-retaining characteristic).
- また加熱中は一定以上に過熱されることがないことから放っておけ、また大量調理にも適している(むしろ少量調理には不便である)ため、特に農繁期の労働者に食事を提供するためにも利用され、鍋に入れた料理が冷めないよう保温に利用することもあった。
- Also because it was suitable for cooking large quantities of food (in fact inconvenient when cooking small quantities) it was used especially to provide meals for workers and farmers during the busy season, and because the temperature would not rise above a certain amount, it was sometimes used to keep food warm, leaving the food inside the pot.
- しかし明治維新後儒教的な家父長制が旧武士階層のみならず一般の農商家にも拡大されると文字通り「女人は成仏できない」という儒教的家父長制による女性蔑視の正当性を証明する根拠として法華系諸宗派を初めとする日本仏教全体で扱われるようになった。
- After the Meiji Restoration, however, patriarchy based on Confucianism was expanded not only to the former samurai (warrior) class, but also to farm and merchant families at large, and the idea of Henjo Nanshi came to be dealt with, throughout the world of Japanese Buddhism including various schools of the Hokke Sect, as a basis to justify misogyny based on Confucian patriarchy, and a slogan that says 'women cannot become any Buddha' in literal terms.
- 宇多天皇の政治(寛平の治と呼ばれる)は、権門(有力貴族・寺社)を抑制し、小農民を保護するという律令制への回帰を強く志向していたが、時平もこの方針を受け継ぎ、例えば時平執政期の902年(延喜2年)には班田を励行する法令が発布されている。
- The politics by Emperor Uda (called Kanpyo no chi - Glorious rule in Kanpyo era) strongly aspired to return to the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based upon the ritsuryo code) which controlled influential families (dominant nobilities, temples and shrines) and protected peasant folks, and Tokihira also followed this policy, for example, by promulgating a law to enforce handen (the allotted farmland) in 902 during his administration.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定による申請があったときは、その旨を当該申請に係る育成者権者又は専用利用権者その他その登録品種に関し登録した権利を有する者に対し、文書をもって通知し、相当の期間を指定して、意見を述べる機会を与えなければならない。
- Where an application for the arbitration decision prescribed in paragraph (2) of this Article has been filed, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall notify in writing the holder of the breeder's right, the holder of an exclusive exploitation right, or other persons who have any right registered in relation to the registered variety pertaining to the said application accordingly and shall give them an opportunity to state their opinion, designating a reasonable period of time.
- 寛平の治は、王臣家が諸国富豪と直接結びつくことを規制することで権門(有力貴族・寺社)を抑制し、小農民を保護するという律令制への回帰を強く志向したものであり、併せて蔵人所の充実や検非違使庁の権限拡充等天皇直属機関の強化を行うものであった。
- Kanpyo no chi was intended as a return to the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) that protected tenant farmers and suppressed influential families (noble families, temples and shrines with power) by restricting direct bondage between oshinke (nobles in the capital) and the rich classes in the provinces, while at the same time, it was also intended to reinforce organizations ruled by the emperor, including enhancing the kurododokoro (the Chamberlain's Office) and an increase of authority by the Kebiishicho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief).
- また、土居の内側を洛中・外側を洛外として、洛中内部において更に農村として扱った上野・西ノ京・中堂寺・九条・塩小路などの村々を除いた洛中地域を特に京中(きょうちゅう)として上京・下京のそれぞれの町年寄(後に町代)による一定の自治を認めた。
- Upon designating the area inside of the doi as Rakuchu and the area outside as Rakugai, Hideyoshi went on to specifically designate inner Rakuchu; with the exception of villages such as Ueno, Nishinokyo, Chudoji, Kujo and Shiokoji which were treated as agricultural villages; as Kyochu and allowed a certain degree of self-governance by machi-doshiyori (ward heads) and later by chodai (town officials who assisted government officials).
- 農林水産大臣は、品種登録出願を受理したとき(前条第一項の規定により品種登録出願の補正をすべきことを命じた場合にあっては、その補正が行われたとき)は、遅滞なく、次に掲げる事項を公示して、その品種登録出願について出願公表をしなければならない。
- When an application for variety registration is received (or when a corrected application for variety registration is received if, pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 12, correction of the application for variety registration has been ordered), the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall publish the application for variety registration without delay by publicly notifying the following matters:
- 農林水産大臣、経済産業大臣又は厚生労働大臣は、前条第一項の規定による立入検査等の業務の適正な実施を確保するため必要があると認めるときは、同項各号に掲げるセンター等の区分に応じ、センター等に対し、当該業務に関し必要な命令をすることができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry or the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare may, when recognizing it necessary in order to ensure the proper implementation of the work of On-Site Inspections under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, issue necessary orders to Centers concerning said work, in accordance with the categories of Centers listed in the items of the said paragraph.
- 公害等調整委員会において、鉱物を掘採することが一般公益又は農業、林業若しくはその他の産業と対比して適当でないと認め、鉱物を指定して鉱業権の設定を禁止した地域(以下「鉱区禁止地域」という。)は、その鉱物については、鉱区とすることができない。
- In areas where the Environmental Dispute Coordination Commission finds it not appropriate to mine minerals in contrast with public interests in general, agriculture, forestry and other industries, and the creation of mining right of specified minerals is prohibited (hereinafter referred to as 'mining prohibition area'), no mining area can be established for the specified minerals.
- 第一項の登録料は、育成者権が国と国以外の者との共有に係る場合であって持分の定めがあるときは、同項の規定にかかわらず、同項の農林水産省令で定める登録料の額に国以外の者の持分の割合を乗じて得た額とし、国以外の者がその額を納付しなければならない。
- Notwithstanding the provision of paragraph (1) of this Article, where the national government and other person jointly hold a breeder's right and they have an agreement on the sharing of the breeder's right, the amount of the registration fee set forth in paragraph (1) of this Article shall be the amount calculated by multiplying the amount of the registration fee specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries pursuant to paragraph (1) of this Article by the percentage of the share of such other person, which shall be paid by such other person.
- 間もなく山陰道鎮撫総督西園寺公望から丹波に王政復古(日本)の募兵があり、前年末頃から御所警備などの勤王奉仕策を練っていた山国では、平安時代以来の皇室との関係と郷中復古(禁裏御料回復)の願いから、直ちにこれに応じて自弁による農兵隊が結成された。
- Soon after, imperial loyalist (anti-bakufu) troops recruited by Kinmochi SAIONJI, the general placed in charge of pacifying the Sanindo highway and the surrounding area, appeared in Tanba Province, and in Yamaguni, whose inhabitants had been training to serve the imperial cause, for example by standing guard at the imperial palace in Kyoto, since the end of the previous year (1867), they were also hoping for a restoration of their own hamlet along with a resumption of the ties with the imperial house they had held since the Heian period, desires which quickly prompted them to form, at their own expense, a fighting force of farmers.
- 国は、食品産業が食料の供給において果たす役割の重要性にかんがみ、その健全な発展を図るため、事業活動に伴う環境への負荷の低減及び資源の有効利用の確保に配慮しつつ、事業基盤の強化、農業との連携の推進、流通の合理化その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures such as enhancing business base, encouraging closer cooperation with agriculture, streamlining its distribution system, in order to promote the sound development of food industry in view of an importance of its role in stable food supply with proper consideration to the reduction of adverse effects to be caused by the business operation on the environment and ensuring effective use of the resources.
- 農学博士の田中長三郎は文献調査および現地調査から鹿児島県長島(現鹿児島県出水郡長島町)がウンシュウミカンの原生地との説を唱え、1936年に当地で推定樹齢300年の古木(太平洋戦争中に枯死)が発見されたことからこの説で疑いないとされるようになった。
- Doctor of Agriculture, Chozaburo TANAKA advocated that origin of Citrus Unshu was Nagashima, Kagoshima Prefecture (today's Nagashima Town, Izumi District, Kagoshima Prefecture) through literature research and field study, and as the estimated age of a tree 300-year-old was found in 1936 (withered away during the Pacific War), no doubt have influenced this theory.
- 贈答、祭(盆踊りなどで持って踊る)、縁起もの(縁日に売られる)、宣伝する(広告)、装う(おしゃれの小道具)、流行にのる(おしゃれ、描かれる模様)、狩る・追う(蛍狩り・追い、遊び)、選別(籾殻を、農耕)、火消し(火の粉を払う、村の共有品、大型のうちわ)
- It is also used as presents, a lucky charm (sold at a festival day), and used for enjoying festivals (enjoy dance holding it in Bon Festival Dance and other festivals), advertising, putting it on (as a fashion tool), following the current fashion (influenced by the pattern on the fan part), catching fireflies and driving insects away, sorting out paddy from rice husks, extinguishing fire (by fanning the sparks away, a large type was used).
- それぞれ開発地を名称に冠する静岡酵母、山形酵母、秋田酵母、福島酵母や、長野酵母に代表されるカプロン酸エチル高生産性酵母、あるいは東京農業大学がなでしこ、ベコニア、ツルバラの花から分離した花酵母などが、新しい吟醸香を引き出すものとして評価を集めている。
- The high caproic acid ethyl producing yeasts such as Shizuoka yeast, Yamagata yeast, Akiya yeast, Fukushima yeast and Nagano yeast which were named after each development place, or the flower yeast which the Tokyo agricultural college separated from flowers such as pink, begonia and climbing rose were highly evaluated as yeasts which could make a new flavor of ginjoshu.
- 麦焼酎は1960年代まで焼酎の中ではメジャーな存在ではなかったが、東京農業大学の柳田藤治によってイオン交換を麦焼酎へ応用する手法が開発され、宮崎県の柳田酒造によって実際の使用方法が確立すると多くの麦焼酎メーカーがイオン交換濾過法を導入することとなった。
- Until 1960's barley shochu was not major among various kinds of shochu, but Fujiharu YANAGIDA at Tokyo University of Agriculture developed a technique to apply ion exchange to barley shochu and after Yanagita Shuzo in Miyazaki Prefecture established the actual use of the technique, a lot of barley shochu makers introduced the ion exchange filtration.
- 農林水産大臣は、出願品種の審査をするに当たっては、その職員に現地調査を行わせ、又は独立行政法人種苗管理センター(以下「種苗管理センター」という。)に栽培試験を行わせるものとする。ただし、出願品種の審査上その必要がないと認められる場合は、この限りでない。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall, in the course of the examination of the applied variety, cause officers of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to carry out on-site inspections or the Incorporated administrative agency National Center for Seeds and Seedlings (hereinafter referred to as 'NCSS') to carry out growing tests. However, this shall not apply where it is found unnecessary to do so for the purpose of the examination of the applied variety.
- このことは予期せぬ野火に至る恐れがあったり、農家の減少で藁が十分に集められない、若者がサラリーマン化して日程の都合がつかないな、ダムの建設で山間部を離れる、過疎化や近代化など多くの古来からのそれぞれの地域の慣習や行事が消えて行く事と共通するものがある。
- The reasons for this, which have also caused many other time-honored customs and events to disappear, include: concern about unexpected bush fire, lack of straw caused by a decrease in the farming population, changing life style of young men who are busy as office workers, construction of dams which drive villagers out of mountainous regions, depopulation and modernization.
- 低迷からの模索が図られ始めた昭和60年(1985年)ごろに、県内「福寿海」の中川酒造と「日置桜」の山根酒造場が、鳥取大学農学部に資料として残されていた一握りの種籾を譲り受け、農家の協力を得て復刻開始、平成2年(1990年)に醪一本分の収量を得るに到った。
- Around 1985, when efforts for recovery from stagnation began, Nakagawa Shuzo, the producer of 'Fukujukai' and Yamane Shuzojo, the producer of 'Hiokizakura,' both breweries being in Tottori Prefecture, were given a handful of seed rice that had been kept as materials in the Faculty of Agriculture at Tottori University and started their revival with cooperation by farmers; in 1990, the yield reached a quantity sufficient to produce a minimum unit of moromi.
- その後、気子島地区では海老芋栽培によって高収入をあげていることが旧竜洋町豊岡(旧掛塚町)に伝わり、昭和13~14年にかけて、当時の旧竜洋町農業協同組合長、伊藤弘氏がこれを栽培し、良好な成績を得たのをきっかけに、この地域における海老芋栽培は大きく発展した。
- After that, people in Toyooka (the former Kaketsuka-cho) in the former Ryuyo-cho learned that raising ebi-imo was bringing substantial income to the Kegojima area, and Hiroshi ITO, the head of the farmers' cooperative of the former Ryuyo-cho, grew it from in 1938 to 39 and produced good potatoes, after the start the cultivation of ebi-imo in this area greatly developed.
- 農林水産大臣、経済産業大臣又は厚生労働大臣は、前項の規定によりセンター等に立入検査等を行わせる場合には、同項各号に掲げるセンター等の区分に応じ、センター等に対し、立入検査等を行う期日、場所その他必要な事項を示してこれを実施すべきことを指示するものとする。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry or the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare shall, when authorizing Centers to conduct On-Site Inspections under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, in accordance with the categories of Centers listed in the items of the said paragraph, specify the date, place and other necessary matters for conducting On-Site Inspections and instruct Centers to conduct the same.
- 諏訪大社下社春宮のものについて述べれば、 1月14日夜から粥炊舎にもうけられた大釜のあずきがゆのなかに、葭の筒をいれ、終夜煮たて、翌15日朝、神前にそなえ、祭典をおこなったのち葭筒を割り、筒内の粥の分量を量って農作物のうちさだめられた種の豊凶を判定する。
- In Suwa Taisha Shrine Shimosha Harumiya, reed tubes are put into a big pan of red bean Kayu at the Kayu boiling house on the evening of January 14th, simmered through the night, and offered to the gods on the morning of the 15th; after the festival, the tubes are broken open, and the amount of Kayu in the tubes is measured to see whether predetermined kinds of crops will have a good or bad harvest.
- 農業へのし尿の利用は、日本を占領した連合国軍のアメリカ軍兵士により持ち込まれたサラダ等野菜の生食の習慣のため、回虫など寄生虫感染防止という衛生上の理由が生じた事や化学肥料など他の肥料の普及などから利用価値が低下し高度経済成長期には取引は行われなくなった。
- The application of human waste to agriculture lost its utility value and disappeared during the high economic growth period, because of the raw diet custom of salad and so on brought by American soldiers of the Allied Forces who occupied Japan, the prevention of parasitic infection such as roundworms and so on for hygienic reasons, and popularization of the other fertilizers such as chemical fertilizers.
- 農林水産大臣は、前二項に規定する場合のほか、登録認定機関が、正当な理由がないのに、その登録を受けた日から一年を経過してもなおその登録に係る認定に関する業務を開始せず、又は一年以上継続してその認定に関する業務を停止したときは、その登録を取り消すことができる。
- In addition to the cases prescribed in the preceding two paragraphs, when the Registered Certifying Body, without justifiable causes, does not commence its Certification operations pertaining to said Accreditation after the passage of one year from the date of Accreditation or suspends such Certification operations continuously for more than one year, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may cancel the relevant Accreditation.
- 古来、日本をかたちづける文化あるいはこの国に棲む人々の風俗や習慣には、宗教に基づく価値観が深く根ざしており、農業・林業・水産業、土木・建築などの諸産業、あるいは正月、七五三他の季節行事・祭、また伝統芸能、武道など、さまざまな場面で宗教の影響を見ることができる。
- From ancient times, a culture forming Japan, or a mode of life or custom of people living in this country has rooted in the sense of worth based on a religion, and an influence of religion can be seen in various scenes such as industries including agriculture, forestry, fishery, civil engineering and construction, or seasonal events and festivals including New Years festivals, Shichi-go-san (a day of prayer for the healthy growth of young children), etc., traditional performing arts, Budo (martial arts), etc.
- 農林水産大臣は、この法律の施行に必要な限度において、登録認定機関に 対し、認定に関する業務に関し必要な報告を求め、又はその職員に、登録認定機関の事務所、事業所若しくは倉庫に立ち入り、認定に関する業務の状況若しくは 帳簿、書類その他の物件を検査させることができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may, within the limit necessary to enforce this Act, have the Registered Certifying Body submit necessary reports on its Certification operations, or have his/her officials enter the Registered Certifying Body's office, place of business or warehouse and inspect the conditions of the operations or books, documents and other materials concerning the Certification.
- 農林水産大臣がこの法律の施行に必要な限度において、その職員又はセンターに登録外 国認定機関の事務所、事業所又は倉庫において認定に関する業務の状況又は帳簿、書類その他の物件についての検査をさせようとした場合において、その検査が 拒まれ、妨げられ、又は忌避されたとき。
- When the Registered Overseas Certifying Body refuses, interferes with or evades an inspection within the limits necessary to enforce this Act concerning the Certification ordered by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of the conditions of the Registered Overseas Certifying Body's operations, its books, documents or other materials, carried out by MAFF's officials or the Center, at the Registered Overseas Certifying Body's office, place of business or warehouse; or
- 1876年、札幌農学校(のちの北海道大学)に着任したウィリアム・スミス・クラークは、ライスカレーという言葉を考案した人物として知られているが、開拓史の公文書『明治五年 開拓使公文録 八』(1872年)で「タイスカレイ(ライスカレー)」という言葉がすでに使われている。
- Although William Smith CLARK, who assumed a new post at Sapporo Agricultural School (later Hokkaido University) in 1876, is known as the inventor of the term 'rice curry,' the term had already been used in 'Meiji Gonen Kaitakushi Kobunroku Hachi' (official document of Development Commissioner in 1872, vol.8).
- 農林水産大臣は、第一項の規定により除害工事を命じたときは、その工作物について権利を有する者に対し、相当の補償をしなければならない。但し、第二十二条第二項の規定による命令に違反した者に対し、第一項の規定により除害工事を命じた場合においては、その者に対しては、補償しない。
- In the event that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries orders work to remove the interference pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1, he/she shall give reasonable compensation to persons having rights concerning such structure; however, if he/she orders work to remove the interference pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 to a person who violates the order pursuant to the provision of paragraph 2 of Article 22, he/she shall not compensate such person.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の 規定による申出があつたときは、必要な調査を行い、その申出の内容が事実であると認めるときは、第十九条の二(第十九条の六第三項において準用する場合を 含む。)、第十九条の十五及び第十九条の十六に規定する措置その他の適切な措置をとらなければならない。
- Upon the acceptance of the report prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall conduct necessary investigation and when he/she finds that the contents of such report are true, take measures prescribed in Article 19-2 (including the cases where the same applies mutatis mutandis in paragraph (3) of Article 19-6), Articles 19-15 and Article 19-16 and other appropriate measures.
- 9世紀~10世紀に律令制が崩壊した後も、神田には不輸の権(租税免除の権利)が認められていたため、墾田や買収などで付近の田地を集積していた田堵(有力農民)=開発領主は、自分の経営する田地を有力な神社(または有力寺院)へ寄進することで、不輸の権 (日本)を獲得しようとした。
- Since Fuyu no ken (the right to tax exemption) was granted to Shinden even after the collapse of the Ritsuryo System from the eighth to ninth century, Tato (dominant farmers or lords cultivating new rice fields) who were then collecting rice fields around them tried to obtain Fuyu no ken Right by donating their rice fields to shrines or temples.
- 武器・武具では、鉄刀7本以上、鉄剣十数本以上、鉄矛7本以上、鉄族約200本、銅族17本、鉄製甲冑1領が、工具・農具では、鉄鎌3本、鉄斧10個、鉄刀17本、鉄製ヤリカンナ7本以上、鉄錐8本以上、鉄ノミ3本以上が、漁具では、鉄銛十数本、鉄ヤス数本、鉄製釣針1本が出土している。
- Excavated articles from this tumulus include: (1) weapons and armor: seven or more iron daggers, more than 10 iron swords, seven or more pikes, about 200 iron arrowheads, 17 bronze arrowheads, and a suit of iron armor; (2) tools and farming utensils: three iron sickles, 10 iron adz, 17 iron knives, seven or more iron yariganna (spear planes), eight or more iron cores, and three or more iron chisels; (3) fishing gear: more than 10 iron harpoons, a few iron fish spears, and an iron fish hook.
- 農林水産大臣は、第二項第六号 に掲げる数量又は同項第十号に掲げる量を定めようとするときは、あらかじめ、その関係部分について関係する都道府県の知事の意見を聴くものとし、当該数量 又は量を定めたときは、遅滞なく、当該関係部分について関係する都道府県の知事に通知するものとする。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries wishes to decide a quantity under item (vi) of paragraph (2) or an amount under item (x) of the same paragraph, he/she shall hear the opinions of the governors of each prefecture concerned with the relevant portion in advance, and when he/she has decided said quantity or amount, he/she shall notify the governor of the prefecture concerned of said relevant portion without delay.
- 農林水産大臣は、第一項 又は第二項の規定による指示をした場合において、その指示を受けた者が、正当な理由がなくてその指示に係る措置をとらなかつたときは、内閣総理大臣に対 し、前項の規定により、その者に対してその指示に係る措置をとるべきことを命ずることを要請することができる。
- When a Manufacturer, etc. who was instructed as provided for by the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2) does not take the measures pertaining to such instruction without justifiable causes, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may request the Prime Minister to order such Manufacturer, etc. to take the measures pertaining to such instruction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
- 都市再開発は既存の市街地で権利変換を行うもので、地域住民との合意形成に時間を要するが、未だ市街化されていない地域で行われるニュータウン建設などの場合は、農地などの大規模な土地を比較的低価格で得ることが可能であり、かつ効率的に都市計画決定などの手続きを進めることも可能である。
- Since urban redevelopment is conducted by exchange of rights in an existing urban area, it requires some time for consensus building with local residents; however, when a new towns is constructed in areas that has not been urbanized yet, it is possible to acquire large area of land, such as land used for agriculture, for a relatively low price and to carry out effectively necessary procedures including urban planning decisions.
- しかし由良川は国土交通大臣が国民経済上特に重要な河川などに対して指定する一級水系に指定されているとおり、市内に供給される浄水場の原水や農業用水としては勿論のこと、今では市民の手による鮎や鮭の稚魚の放流といったイベントが開かれるなど、市民の生活には欠くことのできない川である。
- However, the Yura-gawa River is designated as a first class river, a classification designated by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism indicating rivers which are especially important to the national economy; these days, the river is essential to people's lives, as its water is used to supply water to the city via a purification plant for agriculture; moreover, various events, such as the release of young sweetfish and salmon are also held by citizens at the river as well.
- 御所ヶ谷のように「最初期形成時代以降にかなりの手が入っていると思われるもの」や、雷山のように「生活域、食料生産域との隔絶性が高く、水も確保しづらく、籠城に向かず、、祭祀遺跡との位置関係が特殊であるもの」、おつぼ山のように「稲作農耕地域の小丘陵に設置されているもの」などである。
- There are those such as Goshogatani which seem to have been repeatedly reconstructed, others such as Mt. Rai which are very far from the living space and food-production areas, which could not easily provide water, were inadequate for taking refuge and unusual in their position in relation to the sacred area, and those such as Mt. Otsubo located on a small hill with an area of rice cultivation and agriculture.
- 家畜伝染病予防法(昭和二十六年法律第百六十六号)第二条第一項の政令の制定若しく は改廃の立案をしようとするとき、同法第四条第一項の届出伝染病を定める農林水産省令を制定し、若しくは改廃しようとするとき、又は同法第六十二条第一項 の政令の制定若しくは改廃の立案をしようとするとき。
- When intending to form a plan for enactment, amendment, or abolishment of the Cabinet Order provided in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Act on Domestic Animal Infectious Diseases Control (Act No. 166 of 1951), when intending to enact, revise, or abolish the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ordinance, which prescribes notifiable infectious diseases referred to in Article 4, paragraph (1) of the said Act, or when intending to form a plan for enactment, amendment, or abolishment of the Cabinet Order provided in Article 62, paragraph (1) of the said Act.
- 目的は木津川・淀川流域の洪水調節、日本のダム利用目的(木津川流域の既成農地が取水している既得農業用水の確保)、大阪市・枚方市・守口市といった大阪府及び神戸市・西宮市・尼崎市等兵庫県の人口密集地帯への上水道供給、関西電力が行う水力発電(認可出力6,000kW)の多目的ダムである。
- The objectives of this multipurpose dam are: (1) flood control of the Kizu-gawa and Yodo-gawa areas; (2) the common purpose of dams in Japan (supply of water for agriculture that is the vested right of the farmlands in Kizu-gawa area); (3) the supply of drinking water to densely-populated areas such as Osaka City, Hirakata City, Moriguchi City (Osaka Prefecture): and Kobe City, Nishinomiya City, and Amagasaki City (Hyogo Prefecture); (4) hydroelectric power generation by the Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. (permitted output: 6,000 kW).
- 農林水産大臣又は都道府県の 知事は、前項の規定による申請があった場合において、認定協定に参加していない者の認定協定への参加が前条第一項の規定に照らして相当であり、かつ、認定 協定の内容からみてその者に対し参加を求めることが特に必要であると認めるときは、あっせんをするものとする。
- In the case where an application has been filed pursuant to the preceding paragraph, if the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or the governor of the relevant prefecture finds that the participation of the person who is not a participant to the certified agreement is appropriate in light of the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article and finds it especially necessary to request said person's participation in view of the contents of the certified agreement, he/she shall make such arrangements.
- 農林水産大臣は、第五項 において準用する第十一条第六項の規定により指示をしようとするときは、あらかじめ、関係都道府県知事に当該指示の内容を通知しなければならない。ただ し、地方自治法(昭和二十二年法律第六十七号)第二百五十条の六第一項の規定による通知をした場合は、この限りでない。
- When the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister is going to given an instruction pursuant to the provision of paragraph (6), Article 11 applied mutatis mutandis in paragraph (5), he/she shall notify the Governor concerned of the contents of said instruction in advance; provided that the same shall not apply in the case where a notice is given pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), Article 250-6 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).
- 家紋としてよく見られる五三桐やそれにまるで囲ったものは、太閤記や伝承などで農民出身とされている豊臣秀吉が用いたことから「家紋のないほどの一般庶民がなんらかの事情で家紋を必要とする場合(紋付袴の着用等)に用いる家紋」としても使用され、上流階級とは逆の理由で庶民の間で一般的に流布した。
- The popular Kamon, Gosan no kiri and circled Gosan no kiri, was 'the Kamon used when a common person with no Kamon required one (e.g., wearing hakama (a divided skirt) with Kamon)),' an example of this is Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who was regarded to have peasant roots in Taiko-ki and according to tradition, and this spread generally by reverse reasoning to that of the higher class.
- 第二項の規定による農林 水産省令又は規則には、犯人が所有し、又は所持する漁獲物、その製品、漁船及び漁具その他水産動植物の採捕の用に供される物の没収並びに犯人が所有してい たこれらの物件の全部又は一部を没収することができない場合におけるその価額の追徴に関する規定を設けることができる。
- The Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or Rules pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) may include provisions concerning the confiscation of the catches, their products, fishing boats, fishing gear and other things provided for gathering or catching aquatic animals and plants and respectively owned or possessed by criminals, and concerning the collection of equivalent values in the cases where all or some of these properties owned by criminals cannot be confiscated.
- 農林水産大臣は、漁業調 整のため必要があると認めるときは、都道府県別に第一項の許可をすることができる船舶の隻数、合計総トン数若しくは合計馬力数の最高限度を定め、又は海域 を指定し、その海域につき同項の許可をすることができる船舶の総トン数若しくは馬力数の最高限度を定めることができる。
- The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister may decide the number of boats capable of being granted the permissions of paragraph (1) for each prefecture and the maximum limit of the total gross tonnage or total horsepower, or the maximum limit of the gross tonnage or the horsepower of each boat capable of being granted the permission of the same paragraph in each sea area designated by the minister, when he/she finds it necessary for fisheries adjustment.
- だが、行基の指導による墾田開発や社会事業の進展や地方豪族や民衆らを中心とした教団の拡大を抑えきれなかったこと、行基の活動が政府が恐れていた「反政府」的な意図を有したものではないことから、731年(天平3年)禁圧を緩め、翌年河内の狭山下池の築造に行基の技術力や農民動員の力量を利用した。
- However, the government could not stop Gyoki leading the development of new rice field and other social activities, or the religious community mainly consisted of local clans and ordinary people; the goverment also recognized that Gyoki's activities did not have any 'anti-government' intentions, which the goverment feard; so, the government weakened the suppression in 731, and made full use of Gyoki's powers in technology and gathering peasants for the construction of Sayamashimo-ike Pond in Kawachi in 732.
- これは小作制度というよりも中世荘園制度のインドへの導入に近く、従来は古代には収穫物の6分の1、デリー・スルタン朝時代以後でも収穫物の3分の1の徴収であったものが定額かつ高額な地税を現金による納付となり、なおかつ徴収実務は領主・地主に任されていたために、農民は農奴に近い状況に置かれた。
- This was the introduction of India to medieval manorialism rather than the tenancy system and traditionally one-sixth of harvests in ancient times and one-third of them after the Dehli Sultanate period were levied, but the taxes on land were paid with fixed and expensive amounts of cash money and the lords and landowners undertook tax collection work and thus the farmers were put in a situation which was similar to that of serfs.
- 第一項の規定による工作物の除害工事の命令があつた場合において、当該工作物の上に先取特権、質権又は抵当権があるときは、当該先取特権者、質権者又は抵当権者から供託しなくてもよい旨の申出がある場合を除き、農林水産大臣又は第四項の当該申請者は、第三項又は第四項の補償金を供託しなければならない。
- In the event that the order for work to remove the interference (structure) pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 is issued and any statutory lien, pledge or mortgage exists on such structure, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or the applicant under paragraph 4 shall deposit the compensation under paragraph 3 or 4, except for cases in which an application is made by such statutory lien holder, pledgee or mortgagee to the effect that the deposit may not be necessary.
- 指定漁業(母船式漁業を除く。)の許可を受けようとする者であつて現 に船舶を使用する権利を有しないものは、船舶の建造に着手する前又は船舶を譲り受け、借り受け、その返還を受け、その他船舶を使用する権利を取得する前 に、船舶ごとに、あらかじめ起業につき農林水産大臣の認可を受けることができる。
- A person who is going to obtain the permission of a designated fishery (excluding the mother ship type fishery) and who does not have the right to use a boat may obtain an approval of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister on the business commencement for each boat in advance before he/she initiates the building of a boat or accepts, borrows or is returned a boat, or acquires the right to use a boat.
- 農林水産大臣は、 前項の規定による都道府県への交付金の交付については、各都道府県の海区の数、海面において漁業を営む者の数及び海岸線の長さを基礎とし、海面の利用の状 況その他の各都道府県における漁業調整委員会の運営に関する特別の事情を考慮して政令で定める基準に従つて決定しなければならない。
- With regard to the deliveries of subsidies to the prefectural governments pursuant to the provision set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister shall decide according to the standard established in a Cabinet Order based on the number of sea areas of each prefecture, the number of persons operating fisheries in the sea and the length of the shoreline, considering how the sea is used and other special circumstances concerning the operation of the Fisheries Adjustment Commissions in each prefecture.
- 農林水産大臣は、登録品種の名称が第四条第一項第二号から第四号まで のいずれかに該当する場合であることが判明したときは、利害関係人の申立てにより又は職権で、育成者権者に対し、相当の期間を指定して、当該登録品種につ いて同項各号のいずれにも該当しない名称を提出すべきことを命ずることができる。
- When it is found that the denomination of a registered variety falls under any of the provisions of items 2 to 4 inclusive of Article 4 paragraph (1), the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may, upon the request of an interested person or ex officio, order the holder of the breeder's right to submit another denomination which does not fall under any of the items of the said paragraph, designating a reasonable period of time.
- しかし実際に所有者がその価格で売却しようとしても、デベロッパーには足元を見られて買い叩かれるか、場合によっては買い手が付くことさえ無い為、所有者は平地に持っている農地などを切り売りして資産価値の無い山林を持ち続ける(その余力も無い場合は相続税を支払えず破産する羽目に陥る)しか無いのである。
- However, in reality, even if the owner of Satoyama tried to sell the land with this value, developers tend to take advantage of the owner's weak position to bring down the price, and there are occasions where there is no purchaser and the owner has no remedy other than selling his farm lands and others by the piece, while maintaining the mountain forest that has practically no asset value (if the owner has no reserve, as he can not pay the inheritance tax, he is forced to become bankrupt).
- ここであえて特筆すべきはこれら大手メーカーとは別に、比較的中規模から、家族経営のもの、原料の葡萄は農家や海外より全て買い入れて醸造だけを行うものまで、日本国内には数多くのワイン醸造業者があり、それぞれがそれぞれの経営・生産方針に則り、小規模ながらも多くの銘柄を産出しているということである。
- It is notable here that, aside from these large producers, there are a number of winemakers in Japan, from small to medium sized winemakers, family run winemakers to winemakers who purchase raw materials (grapes) from farmers or overseas and do only wine production and each winemaker follows its own management and production policies and produces many brands though they are small-sized.
- 知事管理努力量に係る採捕を 行う者は、当該知事管理努力量の対象となる漁獲努力量又は都道府県漁獲努力量に係る漁ろう作業を行ったときは、都道府県の規則で定めるところにより、漁獲 努力量又は都道府県漁獲努力量その他採捕の状況に関し農林水産省令で定める事項を当該都道府県の知事に報告しなければならない。
- When any person who carries out gathering or catching related to fishing effort control by the governor has done fishing work related to the fishing effort or prefectural fishing effort subject to fishing effort control by the governor, he/she shall report the matters provided by Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries concerning the fishing effort or prefectural fishing effort and any other gathering or catching status to the governor of the relevant prefecture, as provided in the Prefectural Regulations.
- 農林水産大臣又は都道府 県知事は、漁業の免許又は許可をし、漁業調整をし、その他この法律又はこの法律に基く命令に規定する事項を処理するために必要があると認めるときは、当該 職員をして他人の土地に立ち入つて、測量し、検査し、又は測量若しくは検査の障害となる物を移転し、若しくは除去させることができる。
- The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister or the Governor concerned may let said employees enter other persons' land, for surveying, inspecting, or moving or removing the things obtrusive to the surveying or inspection, when he/she finds it necessary for granting licenses or permissions for fisheries, adjusting fisheries and dealing with the matters prescribed in this Act or in Orders pursuant to this Act.
- 第一項の出願料 は、国と国以外の者が共同して品種登録出願をする場合であって、品種登録により発生することとなる育成者権について持分の定めがあるときは、同項の規定に かかわらず、同項の農林水産省令で定める出願料の額に国以外の者の持分の割合を乗じて得た額とし、国以外の者がその額を納付しなければならない。
- Notwithstanding the provision of paragraph (1) of this Article, where the national government and other person jointly file an application for variety registration and they have an agreement on the portion of their respective shares of the breeder's right to be granted upon variety registration, the amount of the application fee set forth in paragraph (1) of this Article shall be the amount calculated by multiplying the amount of the application fee specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries pursuant to paragraph (1) of this Article by the percentage of the share of such other person, which shall be paid by such other person.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項 において準用する第三十四条第一項又は第三十九条第一項若しくは第二項の規定による制限若しくは条件の付加又は変更若しくは停止の命令をしようとするとき は、行政手続法(平成五年法律第八十八号)第十三条第一項の規定による意見陳述のための手続の区分にかかわらず、聴聞を行わなければならない。
- When the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister is going to add or change or order the suspension of the conditions or restrictions pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), Article 34 or paragraph (1) or paragraph (2), Article 39 applied mutatis mutandis in the preceding paragraph, he/she shall hold a hearing notwithstanding the classification of the procedure for statements of opinions pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), Article 13 of the Administrative Procedure Act (Act No. 88 of 1993).
- 前項の規格は、当該規格 に係る農林物資の品質、生産、取引、使用又は消費の現況及び将来の見通し並びに国際的な規格の動向を考慮するとともに、実質的に利害関係を有する者の意向 を反映するように、かつ、その適用に当たつて同様な条件の下にある者に対して不公正に差別を付することがないように制定しなければならない。
- Where a standard as set forth in the preceding paragraph is enacted, the current situation and outlook on the quality, production, transactions in, and use or consumption of the agricultural and forestry product to which the standard pertains as well as trends in international standardization shall be considered, the intent of persons having a substantial interest shall be reflected, and any parties being under similar conditions shall not be unfairly discriminated against in its application.
- 前項前段の電磁的方法 (水産業協同組合法第十一条の二第五項の農林水産省令で定める方法を除く。)により得られた当該漁業権行使規則についての同意は、漁業協同組合又は漁業協 同組合連合会の使用に係る電子計算機に備えられたファイルへの記録がされた時に当該漁業協同組合又は漁業協同組合連合会に到達したものとみなす。
- The consents concerning said Fishery Right Exercise Rule obtained by the electromagnetic means of the first sentence of the preceding paragraph (excluding the method prescribed in the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of paragraph (5), Article 11-2 of the Fisheries Industry Cooperation Association Act) shall be deemed to have arrived at said Fisheries Cooperative Association or Federation of Fisheries Cooperative Associations when the consents have been recorded in a file of the computer used by the Fisheries Cooperative Association or Federation of Fisheries Cooperative Associations.
- 保護水面の区域内において水産動植物の保護培養のため特に必要があるときは、当該保護水面を管理する都道府県知事又は農林水産大臣は、政令の定めるところにより、国土交通大臣、都道府県知事又は港湾管理者に対し、当該区域内における第一項に掲げる工事又はその工事により施設された工作物に関し必要な勧告をすることができる。
- In the event that it is specifically necessary for the protection and culture of aquatic animals and plants within the area of a Protected Water Surface, the prefectural governor or the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries that administrates such Protected Water Surface may issue necessary recommendations with regard to the work listed in paragraph 1 within such area or structures established by such work to the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, the prefectural governor or the administrator of the port and harbor as provided for in a Cabinet Order.
- 11世紀以降、非農業民は有力寺社などに生産物を貢納することを理由に、これらに隷属する神人となっていたが、後三条天皇親政下において、内廷経済を充実させるべく山野河海に設定されていた御厨を直轄化するという政策がとられると、蔵人所とその下部組織である御厨所の所管となった御厨の住民が供御人と呼ばれるようになった。
- Since the 11th Century, the non-agricultural people became jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) because they presented their products to the major temples and shrines, however, the residents of Kurodo dokoro and mikuriya (manors of Imperial Family and powerful shrines) which was controlled by mikuriya (the place to cook for Emperor) which was under Kurodo dokoro were called Kugonin when a policy of directly controlling mikuriya which had been set in mountains, fields, rivers, and sea to enrich the economy of the court was taken under the administration of Emperor Gosanjo.
- 農林水産物の生産から食品の販売に至る一連の国の内外における食品供給の 行程(以下「食品供給行程」という。)におけるあらゆる要素が食品の安全性に影響を及ぼすおそれがあることにかんがみ、食品の安全性の確保は、このために 必要な措置が食品供給行程の各段階において適切に講じられることにより、行われなければならない。
- Food safety may be affected by every element in a series of internal and external Food supply processes, from the production of agricultural, forestry, and fishery products to Food sales (hereinafter referred to as the 'Food Supply Process'); thus shall be ensured by taking the necessary measures appropriately at each stage of the Food Supply Processes.
- 高麗の荘園は農荘・田荘・別墅などと呼ばれ、荘園には耕作地以外にも山野や森林などを含み、その中に農舎・亭楼・学堂・仏寺などが設置され、中には内部で利潤を目的とした墓地や長利(高利貸)経営を行う為の施設を有する者もいたが、ほとんどの所有者は通常は都市に住み、実際の運営は現地に派遣された奴僕によって行われていた。
- The manors during the Goryeo period were called noso (manor), denso (manor), bessho (villa) and so on, and in addition to the cultivated areas they included mountains, fields, forests and so on and there the farmhouses, towers, schools, Buddhist temples, and so on were built and some had facilities inside for the management of cemeteries or Shylock for profit, but most of the owners usually lived in the city and the management was, in fact, conducted by the subordinates sent to the spot.
- 前項の規定により許可又 は起業の認可をしなければならない申請に係る船舶の隻数(母船式漁業にあつては、母船の数。以下この項から第五項までにおいて同じ。)が前条第一項の規定 により公示した船舶の隻数を超えるときは、前項の規定にかかわらず、農林水産大臣は、公正な方法でくじを行い、許可又は起業の認可をする者を定める。
- If the number of boats pertaining to the applications (the number of mother ships in the case of mother ship type fishery; the same shall apply hereinafter in this paragraph through paragraph (5)), for which permissions or approvals of business commencement shall be granted pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, exceeds the number of boats publicly notified pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister shall perform a lottery by a fair method and decide the persons to be granted permissions or approvals of business commencement by the lottery, notwithstanding the provision of the previous paragraph.
- 第一項の規定による指示 については、前条第四項及び第八項から第十一項までの規定を準用する。この場合において、同条第四項、第八項、第九項及び第十一項中「都道府県知事」とあ るのは「農林水産大臣」と、同条第八項中「海区漁業調整委員会又は連合海区漁業調整委員会」とあるのは「広域漁業調整委員会」と読み替えるものとする。
- With respect to the instruction pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), the provisions of paragraph (4) and paragraph (8) through paragraph (11) of the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis. In this case, 'the Governor concerned' in paragraph (4), paragraph (8), paragraph (9) and paragraph (11) of the same Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister,' and 'the Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission concerned or the Joint Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission concerned' in paragraph (8) of the same Article, with 'the Wide Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission concerned.'
- 登録品種が、前項 第一号の農林水産省令で定める方法により、当該登録品種以外の品種の主たる特性を保持しつつ特性の一部を変化させて育成された品種である場合における同項 及び次条第二項の規定の適用については、前項中「次に」とあるのは「第二号に」と、同条第二項中「前条第二項各号」とあるのは「前条第二項第二号」とす る。
- Where a registered variety is bred by changing parts of the expressions of the characteristics of a variety other than the registered variety while retaining the expressions of its essential characteristics using methods specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries prescribed in item 1 of paragraph (2) of this Article, for the purpose of the application of paragraph (2) of this Article and paragraph (2) of Article 21, the words 'following items' in paragraph (2) of this Article and 'each item of paragraph (2) of Article 20' in paragraph (2) of Article 21 shall be deemed to be replaced with the words 'item 2' and 'item 2 of paragraph (2) of Article 20,' respectively.
- これに対して南インドでは伝統的な村落共同体の影響が強いために、農民の従来通りの土地所有を前提としてより緩やかなライーヤトワーリー制が導入されたものの、5-6割の地租の前に未納を理由とした官の没収もしくは納税のための借金のかたに領主・地主層からなる金融業者の差押を経て北インドと同様の土地支配体制が広がっていった。
- In contrast to this, the influence of the village community was strong in the south of India and though the more loose Raiyatowari system was introduced there on the premise of traditional farmers' landownership, the lands were confiscated by government officials because of non-payment of 50 to 60 percent of land tax, or the lands were seized by money brokers who consisted of the lords and landowners because of tax payments for debts and through these, the land government system spread as in the north of India.
- 農林水産大臣又は都道府県知事は、漁業の免許又は許可をし、漁業調 整をし、その他この法律又はこの法律に基く命令に規定する事項を処理するために必要があると認めるときは、漁業に関して必要な報告を徴し、又は当該職員を して漁場、船舶、事業場若しくは事務所に臨んでその状況若しくは帳簿書類その他の物件を検査させることができる。
- The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister or the Governor concerned may collect necessary reports concerning fisheries or let the employees concerned visit fishing grounds, boats, places of business or offices, for inspecting the situations or books & documents and other things, when he/she finds it necessary for granting licenses or permissions for fisheries, adjusting fisheries and dealing with the matters prescribed in this Act or in Orders pursuant to this Act.
- 国土の保全、水源のかん養、自然環境の保全、良好な景観の形成、文化の伝承等農村で農業生産活動が行われることにより生ずる食料その他の農産物の供給の機能以外の多面にわたる機能(以下「多面的機能」という。)については、国民生活及び国民経済の安定に果たす役割にかんがみ、将来にわたって、適切かつ十分に発揮されなければならない。
- In consideration of the importance of maintaining the stable life of the citizens and the national economy, multiple roles that agriculture plays through stable production in rural areas including conservation of national land, water resources, natural environment, formation of good landscape and respect for the cultural tradition in addition to its conventional role as a primary food supplier (hereinafter referred to as 'multifunctional role'), shall be fully fulfilled for the future.
- 国は、良好な営農条件を備えた農地及び農業用水を確保し、これらの有効利用を図ることにより、農業の生産性の向上を促進するため、地域の特性に応じて、環境との調和に配慮しつつ、事業の効率的な実施を旨として、農地の区画の拡大、水田の汎用化、農業用用排水施設の機能の維持増進その他の農業生産の基盤の整備に必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures for agricultural production base including farmland partition enlargement, creation of multipurpose paddy fields, maintenance of better functions of irrigation and drainage facilities, according to the regional characteristics, in consideration of harmony with the environment, and with the view of efficient operation, in order to encourage the improvement of agricultural productivity by securing farmland with good farming conditions and agricultural water facilities and promotion of their effective use.
- 農林水産大臣は、第一項 の規定により許可又は起業の認可をしなければならない申請に係る船舶の隻数が前条第一項の規定により公示した船舶の隻数を超える場合において、その申請の うちに次に掲げる申請があるときは、前項の規定にかかわらず、その申請に対して、次の順序に従つて、他の申請に優先して許可又は起業の認可をしなければな らない。
- In the case where the number of boats pertaining to the applications for which permissions or approvals of business commencement shall be granted pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) exceeds the number of boats publicly notified pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, if the applications include the following applications, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister shall grant permissions or approvals of business commencement for the following applications in the following order in preference to the other applications, notwithstanding of the provision of the preceding paragraph.
- この法律において「指定 種苗」とは、種苗(林業の用に供される樹木の種苗を除く。)のうち、種子、胞子、茎、根、苗、苗木、穂木、台木、種菌その他政令で定めるもので品質の識別 を容易にするため販売に際して一定の事項を表示する必要があるものとして農林水産大臣が指定するものをいい、「種苗業者」とは、指定種苗の販売を業とする 者をいう。
- The term 'designated seeds' as used in this Act means seeds (excluding that of trees provided for forestry), appearing in the form of seeds, spores, stems, roots, seedlings, saplings, scions, rootstocks, spawn or other parts of plants specified by the Cabinet Order, which are designated by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries as requiring certain matters to be labeled at the time of sale thereof in order to facilitate identification of their quality, and the term 'seed dealer' as used in this Act means persons engaged in the sale of designated seeds in the course of business.
- 農村については、農業者を含めた地域住民の生活の場で農業が営まれていることにより、農業の持続的な発展の基盤たる役割を果たしていることにかんがみ、農業の有する食料その他の農産物の供給の機能及び多面的機能が適切かつ十分に発揮されるよう、農業の生産条件の整備及び生活環境の整備その他の福祉の向上により、その振興が図られなければならない。
- In consideration of the fact that rural areas play an important role as the base for the sustainable agricultural development through agricultural activities taken in the communities including farmers, rural areas shall be developed by improving agricultural production conditions and rural welfare including living environment so that the conventional role as a primary food supplier and the multifunctional role can be fulfilled fully.
- それでも生き残った数少ない業者も業界の激しい値下げ競争により、生産拠点を人件費が安い海外へ移さざるを得なくなったことがさらに追い討ちをかけ、その業者の一つであったグンゼも2001年9月に福知山から撤退するなど、特産品であった生糸も現在は養蚕農家を市内大江町に一軒だけ残すのみとなり、上述の藍同様にほぼ完全に福知山から姿を消した。
- Due to severe price-cutting wars, the few surviving companies had to shift their production bases to other countries where personnel expenses were lower, which enhanced decline, and with respect to raw silk which was the specialty of Fukuchiyama, only one silk-raising farmer now remains in Oe-machi in the city; this is due to the fact that Gunze, one such company, withdrew from Fukuchiyama in September 2001, leading to the almost complete extinction of raw silk from Fukuchiyama much like the aforementioned case of indigo.
- 経済産業局長は、鉱 物の掘採が保健衛生上害があり、公共の用に供する施設若しくはこれに準ずる施設を破壊し、文化財、公園若しくは温泉資源の保護に支障を生じ、又は農業、林 業若しくはその他の産業の利益を損じ、著しく公共の福祉に反するようになつたと認めるときは、鉱区のその部分について減少の処分をし、又は鉱業権を取り消 さなければならない。
- When the mining of minerals is found to be harmful to health, destroy facilities for public use or any facility equivalent to the above, hinder the protection of cultural properties, parks or hot spring resources, or impair the interests of agriculture, forestry and other industries, and be extremely adverse to public welfare, the Director of Regional Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry shall make dispositions to decrease such part of the mining area or rescind the mining right thereof.
- この両者の説は中国史における時代区分論と密接に関係しており、周藤は唐及び五代を「古代」・宋を「中世」とする立場から、宮崎は漢代を「古代」・三国時代 (中国)から唐及び五代を「中世」・宋を「近世」とする立場に立っており、ヨーロッパ中世の荘園と対比すべき農奴制による経営に基づく荘園がそれぞれが主張する「中世」に存在したというものである。
- These two theories are closely related with the periodization theory in Chinese history and Sudo's standpoint is that the Tang dynasty and the Five Dynasties period were 'ancient' and the Sung dynasty 'medieval' and Miyazaki's standpoint is that the age of the Han dynasty was 'ancient' and the Three Kingdoms period (China), the Tang dynasty to the Five Dynasties period 'medieval' and the Sung dynasty 'early modern,' and in both of their 'medieval,' there existed the shoens managed by the serf system which should be compared with the manors in medieval Europe.
- 前二項に規定するものの ほか、需要者が自然的経済的条件に適合した品種の種苗を選択するに際しその品種の栽培適地、用途その他の栽培上又は利用上の特徴を識別するための表示が必 要であると認められる指定種苗については、農林水産大臣は、その識別のため表示すべき事項その他の当該表示に関し種苗業者が遵守すべき基準を定め、これを 公表するものとする。
- In addition to what is provided in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article, with regard to certain designated seeds for which he/she finds an indication is necessary for users to identify its suitable location for cultivation, usage and other features relevant to cultivation or exploitation in the selecting seeds of varieties suitable to the natural and economic conditions, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall determine and publicize the matters to be indicated for such identification and any other standard relating to the said indication, with which the seed dealers should comply.
- 内閣総理大臣は、飲食料品の品質に関する表示の適正化を図り一般 消費者の選択に資するため、農林物資のうち飲食料品(生産の方法又は流通の方法に特色があり、これにより価値が高まると認められるものを除く。)の品質に 関する表示について、内閣府令で定める区分ごとに、次に掲げる事項のうち必要な事項につき、その製造業者等が守るべき基準を定めなければならない。
- For the purpose of aiming at proper quality labeling of foods and drinks and thereby helping consumers choose them, the Prime Minister shall enact a standard to be observed by Manufacturer, etc. concerning necessary matters among those listed in the following, for each division as prescribed in Cabinet Office Ordinance, as regards the quality labeling of foods and drinks out of agricultural and forestry products (except those which have distinctive features in the method of production or distribution and thereby their value are found to be increased):
- 経済産業局長は、鉱 業出願地における鉱物の掘採が経済的に価値がないと認めるとき、又は保健衛生上害があり、公共の用に供する施設若しくはこれに準ずる施設を破壊し、文化 財、公園若しくは温泉資源の保護に支障を生じ、若しくは農業、林業若しくはその他の産業の利益を損じ、公共の福祉に反すると認めるときは、その部分につい ては、その出願を許可してはならない。
- When the mining of minerals in mining application areas is found to have no economic value, be harmful to health, destroy facilities for public use or any facility equivalent to the above, disrupt the protection of cultural properties, parks or hot spring resources, or impair the interests of agriculture, forestry and other industries, and be extremely adverse to public welfare, the Director of Regional Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry shall not permit such applications for such areas.
- 母船式漁業の許可を受け ようとする者であつて現に母船又は独航船等を使用する権利を有しないものは、母船若しくは独航船等の建造に着手する前又は母船若しくは独航船等を譲り受 け、借り受け、その返還を受け、その他母船若しくは独航船等を使用する権利を取得する前に、母船及び独航船等ごとにそれぞれ、あらかじめ起業につき農林水 産大臣の認可を受けることができる。
- A person who is going to obtain the permission of a mother ship type fishery and who does not have the right to use a mother ship or self-navigating boats may obtain an approval of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister on the business commencement for each of the mother ship and the self-navigating boats in advance before he/she initiates the building of a mother ship or self-navigating boats or accepts, borrows or is returned a mother ship or self-navigating boats, or acquires the right to use a mother ship or self-navigating boats.
- 安心・安全の地元産農産物をできる限り使用した60種類以上の自然食メニューのビュッフェスタイルのレストラン、加工体験、自然学習体験などができる手づくり工房、ファーマーズマーケット、立体多段式水耕栽培システムを導入して、車椅子の人も利用できるいちごハウス、17区画の滞在型市民農園(クラインガルテン)、21区画の日帰り農園、2棟のコテージ等の施設がある。
- It houses the following facilities: A buffet restaurant of more than sixty kinds of natural food most of which are safe local produce; a handicraft workshop where one can experience working natural materials, and learning about the natural environment; a farmer's market; a strawberry greenhouse with the vertically arranged multi-layered hydroponic system which is available to a person in a wheelchair; allotment gardens (also referred as Klein Garten, in German meaning small garden) with seventeen land parcels for staying users; allotment gardens of twenty-one parcels for single-day users; and two cottages.
- 母船式漁業の許可を受け ようとする者であつて現に母船又は独航船等を使用する権利を有するものは、当該母船と同一の船団に属する独航船等の全部について母船式漁業の起業の認可が 申請され、又は当該独航船等と同一の船団に属する母船について母船式漁業の起業の認可が申請されている場合には、当該母船又は独航船等について、あらかじ め起業につき農林水産大臣の認可を受けることができる。
- In the case where a person who is going to obtain the permission of a mother ship type fishery and who has the right to use a mother ship or self-navigating boats, has filed an application for a permission on the business commencement of a mother ship type fishery with respect to all of the self-navigating boats belonging to the same fleet as said mother ship or has filed an application for a permission on the business commencement of a mother ship type fishery with respect to the mother ship belonging to the same fleet as said self-navigating boats. he/she can obtain an approval of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister on the business commencement for said mother ship or self-navigating boats in advance.
- 農林中央金庫、商工組合中央金庫、農業協同組合及び農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組 合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水産加工業協同組合連合会、信用協同組合及び信用協同組合連合会、船主相互保険組合、信用金庫及び信用金 庫連合会並びに労働金庫及び労働金庫連合会についての、附則第一条ただし書に掲げる改正規定の施行前に開始した事業年度終了の日における金銭債権等の評価
- Valuation of Monetary Claims, etc. of the Norinchukin Bank, the Shoko Chukin Bank, agricultural cooperative, federation of agricultural cooperatives, fisheries cooperative, federation of fisheries cooperatives, fishery processing cooperative and federation of fishery processing cooperatives, credit cooperative and Federation of Credit Cooperatives, ship owner's mutual insurance union, Shinkin Bank and federation of Shinkin Banks, and labor bank and federation of labor banks at the end of the Business Year starting before the revising provisions listed in the proviso to Article 1 of these Supplementary Provisions come into effect;
- 改正前の漁業法第六十五条第一項の規定に基いて農林水産大臣又は都道府県知事が定めた省令又は規則でこの法律施行の際現に効力を有するもののうち、改正前の漁業法第六十五条第一項第一号から第三号までに掲げる事項に関するものは第四条及び改正後の漁業法第六十五条第一項の規定に基いて、改正前の漁業法第六十五条第一項第五号から第七号までに掲げる事項に関するものは第四条の規定に基いて定められたものとみなす。
- Among the Ordinances of the Ministry or the Rules that are established by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or prefectural governors based on the provision of paragraph 1 of Article 65 of the Fishery Act prior to the revision and are in fact effective at the time of enforcement of this Act, those pertaining to matters listed in items (i) through to (iii) of paragraph 1 of Article 65 of the Fishery Act prior to the revision shall be deemed to have been established pursuant to the provision of Article 4 and provision of paragraph 1 of Article 65 of the Fishery Act after the revision, and those pertaining to matters listed in items (v) through to (vii) of paragraph 1 of Article 65 of the Fishery Act prior to the revision shall be deemed to have been established pursuant to the provision of Article 4.
- 学校教育法(昭和二十二年法律第二十六号)に基づく大学(短期大学を除 く。)、旧大学令(大正七年勅令第三百八十八号)に基づく大学又は旧専門学校令(明治三十六年勅令第六十一号)に基づく専門学校において医学、歯学、薬 学、獣医学、畜産学、水産学、農芸化学、応用化学若しくは生物学の課程又はこれらに相当する課程を修めて卒業した後、一年以上分子生物学的検査の業務に従 事した経験を有する者であること。
- Persons who have graduated from a university (excluding junior colleges) based on the School Education Act (Act No. 26 of 1947), a university based on the former Universities Edict (Edict No. 388 of 1918) or a vocational college based on the former Vocational Colleges Edict (Edict No. 61 of 1903) by completing a course in medicine, dentistry, pharmacology, veterinarian medicine, animal science, fisheries science, agricultural chemistry, applied chemistry or biology, or a course equivalent to these, and have experience of engaging in the work of molecular biological testing for one year or more.
- 農林水産大臣は、都道府 県の区域を超えた広域的な見地から、水産動植物の繁殖保護を図り、漁業権又は入漁権の行使を適切にし、漁場の使用に関する紛争の防止又は解決を図り、その 他漁業調整のために特に必要があると認めるときは、都道府県知事に対し、第一項又は第二項の規定により免許の内容たるべき事項、免許予定日、申請期間及び 地元地区若しくは関係地区を定め、又はこれを変更すべきことを指示することができる。
- When the Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Minister finds it especially necessary for protecting the reproduction of aquatic animals and plants, for ensuring appropriate exercises of fishery rights or piscaries, for settling or preventing the disputes concerning the use of fishing grounds and for adjusting other matters of fisheries from a wide viewpoint covering multiple prefectural areas, he/she may instruct the Governors concerned to decide or change the matters to be specified for licenses, scheduled licensing dates, application filing periods and local districts or districts concerned pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2).
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定による制限をしようとするときは、当該工作物を設置しようとする者に対し、さく河魚類の通路又は当該通路に代るべき施設を設置すべきこと、もし、さく河魚類の通路又は当該通路に代るべき施設を設置することが著しく困難であると認める場合においては、当該水面におけるさく河魚類又はその他の魚類の繁殖に必要な施設を設置し、又は方法を講ずべきことを命ずることによつても、これをすることができる。
- In the event that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries intends to impose a restriction pursuant to the provision set forth in the preceding paragraph, he/she may do so by ordering the person who intends to establish such structures to establish a route for anadromous fish or an alternative facility that can act as a substitute for such route, or if he/she considers that it is extremely difficult to establish such a route for anadromous fish or the alternative facility that can act as a substitute for such route, he/she may do so by ordering the person to establish a facility or take measures necessary for the breeding of anadromous fish or other fish within said water surface.
- 指定漁業等を営む者及び第三 条第二項第六号の政令で定める者以外の者であって都道府県の規則で定めるものは、当該都道府県の地先水面において第一種特定海洋生物資源を採捕したとき、 又は当該都道府県の指定海域において当該都道府県の第一種指定海洋生物資源を採捕したときは、都道府県の規則で定めるところにより、採捕の数量その他採捕 の状況に関し農林水産省令で定める事項を当該都道府県の知事に報告しなければならない。
- When any person who is provided for in a Prefectural Regulation of the relevant prefecture and who is other than a person operating a designated fishery, etc. or a person as provided by Cabinet Order under item (vi) of paragraph (2) of Article 3 has gathered or caught Class I specified living marine resources in the sea bordering said prefecture, or has gathered or caught any of said prefecture's Class I designated living marine resources in that prefecture's designated area of the sea, he/she shall report the matters provided by Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries concerning the gathered or caught quantity and any other gathering or catching status to the governor of the relevant prefecture, as provided in the Prefectural Regulations.
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の 規定により許可又は起業の認可をしなければならない申請のうち同項第一号に係るものに係る船舶の隻数が前条第一項の規定により公示した船舶の隻数を超える 場合には、前項の規定にかかわらず、少なくとも次に掲げる事項を勘案して(母船式漁業にあつては、同一の船団に属する母船及び独航船等について次に掲げる 事項を勘案して)許可又は起業の認可の基準を定め、これに従つて許可又は起業の認可をしなければならない。
- In the case where the number of boats pertaining to item 1 of the preceding paragraph among the applications that must be granted permissions or approvals of business commencement pursuant to the provision of the same paragraph exceeds the number of boats publicly notified pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister shall establish a standard for permissions and approvals of business commencement considering at least the following matters (considering the following matters concerning the mother ship and self-navigating boats belonging to the same fleet in the case of mother ship type fishery), and grant permissions or approvals of business commencement according to the standard.
- 農林水産大臣は、大臣管理量に係る採捕を行う者が第十条第一項の命令若 しくは前条第五項の規定に違反する行為をし、かつ、当該行為を引き続きするおそれがあると認めるとき、又は大臣管理努力量に係る採捕を行う者が第十条第一 項の命令に違反する行為をし、かつ、当該行為を引き続きするおそれがあると認めるときは、その採捕を行う者に対し、当該違反行為に使用した船舶につき、停 泊港及び停泊期間を指定して当該船舶の停泊を命ずることができる。
- When the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries finds that a person carrying out gathering or catching related to quantity control by the Minister has committed an act in violation of an order under paragraph (1) of Article 10 or the provisions of paragraph (5) of the preceding Article and is likely to continue to commit said act, or when he/she finds that a person who carries out gathering or catching related to fishing effort control by the Minister has committed an act in violation of an order under paragraph (1) of Article 10 and is likely to continue to commit said act, he/she may order the person carrying out the gathering or catching to anchor the ship used in the act in violation, and may specify the port and the period for anchorage.
- 農林水産大臣は、前条第一項の規定による公表をした後において、大臣管理 量の対象となる採捕の数量が当該大臣管理量を超えないようにするため必要があると認めるとき、又は大臣管理努力量の対象となる漁獲努力量が当該大臣管理努 力量を超えないようにするため必要があると認めるときは、当該大臣管理量又は大臣管理努力量に係る採捕を行う者に対し、当該大臣管理量又は大臣管理努力量 に係る採捕に関し、必要な助言、指導又は勧告をすることができる。
- If the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries finds it necessary so as not to allow the amount of gathering or catching subject to quantity control by the Minister to exceed the quantity control set by the Minister, or so as not to allow the fishing effort subject to fishing effort control by the Minister to exceed the fishing effort control set by the Minister after publication pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, he/she may give the necessary advice, guidance, or recommendations to the persons carrying out the gathering or catching related to said quantity control by the Minister or fishing effort control by the Minister, on their gathering or catching that is related to said quantity control by the Minister or fishing effort control by the Minister.
- 品種登録は、出願 品種の種苗又は収穫物が、日本国内において品種登録出願の日から一年さかのぼった日前に、外国において当該品種登録出願の日から四年(永年性植物として農 林水産省令で定める農林水産植物の種類に属する品種にあっては、六年)さかのぼった日前に、それぞれ業として譲渡されていた場合には、受けることができな い。ただし、その譲渡が、試験若しくは研究のためのものである場合又は育成者の意に反してされたものである場合は、この限りでない。
- A variety may not be registered when the propagating material or harvested material of the variety have been transferred in the course of business, in Japan earlier than one year before the date of application for variety registration, or in any foreign state earlier than four years before the said date (or earlier than six years in the case of varieties belonging to a genus or species of agricultural, forestry or aquatic plant specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries as a perennial plant). However, this shall not apply where such a transfer was made for the purpose of experiment or research, or where such a transfer was made against the will of the breeder.
- 農林水産大臣は特定海洋生物資源の採捕を行う指定漁業等を営む者その他 の関係者に対し、都道府県の知事は特定海洋生物資源又は当該都道府県の指定海洋生物資源の採捕を行う知事許可漁業を営む者その他の関係者に対し、この法律 の施行に必要な限度において、採捕の状況その他の必要な事項に関し報告を求め、又はその職員に、これらの者の漁場、船舶、事業場、事務所若しくは倉庫に立 ち入り、業務の状況若しくは漁獲物、帳簿、書類その他の物件を検査させることができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries may ask any person who operates a designated fishery, etc. and who gathers or catches specified living marine resources or any other relevant person to report on his/her gathering or catching status and on any other necessary matters, and the governor of a prefecture may ask any person who operates a fishery permitted by the governor and who gathers or catches specified living marine resources or any designated living marine resource of said prefecture or any other relevant person to report on his/her gathering or catching status and on any other necessary matters, and the Minister or the governor may have any of his/her employees enter the fishing area, ship, workplace, office, or warehouse of any of such persons, for inspecting the status of business or the catch, books, documents, or other articles thereof to the extent necessary for the enforcement of this Act.
- 海区漁業調整委員会が設置される海区に沿う市町村(海に沿わない市町 村であつて、当該海区において漁業を営み又はこれに従事する者が相当数その区域内に住所又は事業場を有している等特別の事由によつて農林水産大臣が指定し たものを含む。)の区域内に住所又は事業場を有する者であつて、一年に九十日以上、漁船を使用する漁業を営み又は漁業者のために漁船を使用して行う水産動 植物の採捕若しくは養殖に従事するものは、海区漁業調整委員会の委員の選挙権及び被選挙権を有する。
- A person who has an address or a place of business in the region of the municipalities along the sea area for which each Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission is established (including the municipalities not lying along the sea, but designated by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister for such a special reason that there are numerous persons operating or engaged in fisheries in said sea area and having addresses or places of business in the region of the municipalities) and operates a fishery using a fishing boat or is engaged in the gathering, catch or culture of aquatic animals and plants using a fishing boat for fishery managers for 90 days or more per year, has a voting right for selecting a commission member of the Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission and is eligible for election for the commission member.
- 内閣総理大臣は、飲食料 品以外の農林物資(生産の方法又は流通の方法に特色があり、これにより価値が高まると認められるものを除く。)で、一般消費者がその購入に際してその品質 を識別することが特に必要であると認められるもののうち、一般消費者の経済的利益を保護するためその品質に関する表示の適正化を図る必要があるものとして 政令で指定するものについては、その指定のあつた後速やかに、その品質に関する表示について、その製造業者等が守るべき基準を定めなければならない。
- With regard to agricultural and forestry products other than foods and drinks (except those which have distinctive features in the method of production or distribution and thereby their value are found to be increased) whose quality is found to be particularly distinguished by consumers upon the purchase of them and are designated by Cabinet Order as products whose quality labeling should be appropriate to protect economic interests of consumers, the Prime Minister shall, promptly after the designation, enact a standard for quality labeling, with which the Manufacturer, etc. should comply.
- 砂利採取法(昭和四十三年法律第七十四号)第十六条(採取計画の認可)に規定する河川管理者は、同条の採取計画又は変更後の採取計画に基づいて行なう工事が第一項に掲げる工事に該当し、かつ、保護水面の区域内においてされるものである場合において、当該採取計画又は採取計画の変更について同条又は同法第二十条第一項(変更の認可)の規定による認可をしようとするときは、政令の定めるところにより、あらかじめ、当該保護水面を管理する都道府県知事又は農林水産大臣に協議しなければならない。
- In the event that the administrator of the River set forth in Article 16 (Approval of Collection Plan) of the Gravel Gathering Act (Act No. 74 of 1968) intends to grant an approval pursuant to the provision of said Article or paragraph 1 of Article 20 (Approval on Change) of said Act in connection with the collection plan or change to the collection plan when the work to be carried out based on the collection plan under said Article, or the collection plan after the change falls under the work listed in paragraph 1 and is carried out within the area of the Protected Water Surface, he/she shall consult with the prefectural governor or the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries that administrates such Protected Water Surface in advance as provided for in a Cabinet Order.
- 農林水産大臣又は都道府県の 知事は、前項の規定による申出があった場合において、漁業調整、水産資源の保護培養その他公益のために必要があると認めるときは、その申出の内容を勘案し て、漁業法第三十四条第一項(同法第六十三条第一項において読み替えて準用する場合を含む。)、第三項若しくは第四項、第六十五条第一項若しくは第二項若 しくは第六十六条第一項又は水産資源保護法第四条第一項若しくは第二項の規定による水産動植物の採捕の制限等の措置その他の適切な措置を講ずるものとす る。
- In the case where a proposal has been made pursuant to the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or the governor of the relevant prefecture shall take such measures as placing restrictions on gathering or catching the relevant aquatic animals or plants or any other appropriate measures pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 34 of the Fishery Act (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis to paragraph (1) of Article 63 of the same Act), paragraph (3) or (4) of Article 34, paragraph (1) or (2) of Article 65, or paragraph (1) of Article 66 of the Fishery Act, or paragraph (1) or (2) of Article 4 of the Aquatic Resource Protection Act, considering the contents of the proposal, if he/she finds it necessary for coordination in the fishing industry, protection and culture of aquatic resources, and other factors in the public interest.
- 農林水産大臣は、第三項 の規定により許可又は起業の認可をしなければならない申請のうち同項第二号に係るものに係る船舶の隻数が前条第一項の規定により公示した船舶の隻数から第 三項第一号の申請に基づく許可又は起業の認可を受けた船舶の隻数を差し引いた隻数を超える場合には、同項の規定にかかわらず、同項第二号の申請に係る試験 研究又は新技術の企業化の内容が漁業生産力の発展に寄与する程度を勘案して許可又は起業の認可の基準を定め、これに従つて許可又は起業の認可をしなければ ならない。
- In the case where the number of boats pertaining to item (ii) of paragraph (3) among the applications that must be granted permissions or approvals of business commencement pursuant to the provision of the same paragraph exceeds the number of boats obtained by subtracting the number of boats permissioned or approved on business commencement based on the applications of item (i), paragraph (3) from the number of boats publicly notified pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister shall establish a standard for permissions and approvals of business commencement considering the degree to which the contents of the experimental research or of the commercialization of a new technology pertaining to each application of item (ii) of the same paragraph contribute to the development of fishing productivity, and grant permissions or approvals of business commencement according to the standard, notwithstanding the provision of the same paragraph.
- 前項の場合には、 第三十九条第六項から第十二項まで(損失補償)の規定を準用する。この場合において、同条第六項、第十項及び第十一項中「都道府県」とあるのは「広域漁業 調整委員会又は水産政策審議会にあつては国、その他の場合にあつては都道府県」と、同条第八項中「都道府県知事が海区漁業調整委員会」とあるのは「広域漁 業調整委員会又は水産政策審議会にあつては農林水産大臣がその委員会又は審議会の意見を聴き、その他の場合にあつては都道府県知事が海区漁業調整委員会」 と読み替えるものとする。
- In the case of the preceding paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (6) through paragraph (12) of Article 39 (Compensation for Loss) shall apply mutatis mutandis. In this case, 'the prefectural government concerned' in paragraph (6), paragraph (10) and paragraph (11) of the same Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the national government in the case of a Wide Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission or the Fisheries Policy Council, or the prefectural government concerned in the other case'; and 'by the Governor concerned, after he/she hears the opinions of the Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission concerned' in paragraph (8) of the same Article, with 'by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister, after he/she hears the opinions of the Wide Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission concerned or the Fisheries Policy Council in the case of the commission or the council, or by the Governor concerned, after he/she hears the opinions of the Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission concerned in the other case.'
- 本来、行商人や旅人(たびにん)の場所の確保や世話をする世話人が集まって組織となり神農会と呼ばれる庭主(組合)が起こったが、現在では、そのほとんどが各地の暴力団の傘下組織となり、一部には本来一番肝心な世話することを怠って何もしない「庭主」が「○○会○代目」、「○○組分家」、「○○会○○一家」と名乗り、競合する出店を脅迫し排除したり、挨拶に来るよう呼びつけ行商人などから着到(その地区の世話人に世話になる場合、到着した際に挨拶として持っていく手土産)名目で金品をたかる組織も存在する。
- Originally, unions of niwanushi, known as Shinno Associations, were formed by groups of mediators who secured spots for and looked after peddlers and travelers, but these days, most are affiliated with criminal gangs, with some 'niwanushi' completely ignoring the 'taking care of' part, which was originally the most important, and while claiming to be the 'n-th niwanushi of such-and-such society' or from 'a branch of so-and-so kumi' or 'the such-and-such family of so-and-so society,' they threaten and exclude rivals and demand gifts and money in the name of chakuto (gifts for caretakers of the area when merchants arrived, in a sign of greeting) from newly-arrived merchants seeking their services.
- 農林水産大臣は指定漁業等について基本計画に基づき、都道府県の知事は 漁業法第六十五条第一項若しくは第二項若しくは水産資源保護法第四条第一項若しくは第二項の規定に基づく規則の規定又は漁業法第六十六条第一項の規定によ り都道府県の知事の許可その他の処分を要する漁業(第十八条第一項において「知事許可漁業」という。)について都道府県計画に基づき、採捕を行う者別に、 大臣管理量又は知事管理量に係る漁獲量の限度の割当てを当該大臣管理量又は知事管理量による管理の対象となる一年の期間の開始前に行うことができる。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or the governor of any prefecture may allot a catch limit related to quantity control set by the Minister or quantity control set by the governor to persons carrying out such gathering or catching, before the beginning of the one-year period in which control is to be enforced through said quantity control set by the Minister or quantity control set by the governor, based on the Basic Plan for designated fisheries, etc. or based on the Prefectural Plan for fisheries requiring permission or any other action by the governor pursuant to the provisions of regulations based on the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2) of Article 65 of the Fishery Act or paragraph (1) or (2) of Article 4 of Aquatic Resource Protection Act, or the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 66 of the Fishery Act (referred to as 'fisheries permitted by the governor' in paragraph (1) of Article 18).
- 第十九条の三第一項の認定を受けた外国製造業者等(以下「認定外国 製造業者等」という。)、同条第二項の認定を受けた外国生産行程管理者(以下「認定外国生産行程管理者」という。)、同条第三項の認定を受けた外国流通行 程管理者(以下「認定外国流通行程管理者」という。)又は前条の認定を受けた外国小分け業者(以下「認定外国小分け業者」という。)は、第十八条第一項第 六号から第九号までに掲げる場合を除き、本邦に輸出される農林物資又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に格付の表示又はこれと紛らわしい表示を付してはなら ない。
- An overseas Manufacturer, etc. certified pursuant to paragraph (1) of Article 19-3 (hereinafter referred to as the 'Certified Overseas Manufacturer, etc.'), overseas Production Process Manager certified pursuant to paragraph (2) of the same Article (hereinafter referred to as the 'Certified Overseas Production Process Manager'), overseas Distribution Process Manager certified pursuant to paragraph (3) of the same Article (hereinafter referred to as the 'Certified Overseas Distribution Process Manager') or overseas Subdivider certified pursuant to the preceding Article (hereinafter referred to as the 'Certified Overseas Subdivider') shall not affix a Grade Label or any other confusing label therewith to any agricultural and forestry product exported to Japan, or its package, container or invoice, except in the cases listed in items (vi) to (ix) of paragraph (1) of Article 18.
- 都道府県の知事は、第一種特定 海洋生物資源知事管理量若しくは第一種指定海洋生物資源知事管理量(以下「知事管理量」と総称する。)の対象となる採捕の数量が当該知事管理量を超えるお それがあると認めるとき、又は第二種特定海洋生物資源知事管理努力量若しくは第二種指定海洋生物資源知事管理努力量(以下「知事管理努力量」と総称す る。)の対象となる漁獲努力量若しくは都道府県漁獲努力量が当該知事管理努力量を超えるおそれがあると認めるときは、当該採捕の数量又は漁獲努力量若しく は都道府県漁獲努力量その他農林水産省令で定める事項を公表するものとする。
- If the governor of any prefecture finds that quantity control of Class I designated living marine resources set by the governor, or an amount of gathering or catching subject to quantity control of Class I specified living marine resources by the governor (hereinafter generally referred to as 'quantity control by the governor') is likely to exceed the quantity control set by the governor, or that fishing effort control set by the governor for Class II designated living marine resources or fishing effort or prefectural fishing effort subject to fishing effort control by the governor for Class II specified living marine resources (hereinafter generally referred to as 'fishing effort control by the governor') is likely to exceed the fishing effort control set by the governor, he/she shall make public the amount of said gathering, catching, fishing effort, or prefectural fishing effort and other matters provided by Ordinance of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- 農林水産大臣は基本計画(第三条第二項第六号及び第十号に掲げる事項を除 く。)の達成を図るため、都道府県の知事は都道府県計画の達成を図るため、この法律の規定による措置のほか、漁業法第三十四条第一項(同法第六十三条第一 項において読み替えて準用する場合を含む。)、第三項若しくは第四項、第三十九条第一項(同法第六十三条第一項において読み替えて準用する場合を含む。) 若しくは第五項、第六十五条第一項若しくは第二項若しくは第六十六条第一項又は水産資源保護法第四条第一項若しくは第二項の規定による水産動植物の採捕の 制限等の措置その他の必要な措置を講じなければならない。
- The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and the governor of each prefecture shall take measures pursuant to the provisions of this Act, and shall other necessary measures, such as restricting the gathering or catching of aquatic animals and plants pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 34 of the Fishery Act (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis to paragraph (1) of Article 63 of the same Act), or paragraph (3) or (4) of Article 34, paragraph (1) of Article 39 of the same Act (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis to paragraph (1) of Article 63 of the same Act), or paragraph (5) of Article 39, paragraph (1) or (2) of Article 65, or paragraph (1) of Article 66 of the same Act, or paragraph (1) or (2) of Article 4 of the Aquatic Resource Protection Act, for achieving the Basic Plan (excluding the matters listed in items (vi) and (v) of paragraph (2) of Article 3) or for achieving the relevant Prefectural Plan.
- 委員会は、食品の安全性 の確保に関し重大な被害が生じ、又は生じるおそれがある緊急の事態に対処するため必要があると認めるときは、関係各大臣に対し、独立行政法人国立健康・栄 養研究所法(平成十一年法律第百八十号)第十三条第一項の規定による求め又は独立行政法人農林水産消費安全技術センター法(平成十一年法律第百八十三号) 第十二条第一項、独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構法(平成十一年法律第百九十二号)第十八条第一項、独立行政法人農業環境技術研究所法(平成 十一年法律第百九十四号)第十三条第一項若しくは独立行政法人水産総合研究センター法(平成十一年法律第百九十九号)第十五条第一項の規定による要請をす るよう求めることができる。
- The Commission may request that relevant ministers make a demand in accordance with the provisions of Article 13, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Institute of Health and Nutrition Act (Act No. 180 of 1999) or a request in accordance with the provisions of Article 12, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center Act (Act No. 183 of 1999), Article 18, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Act (Act No. 192 of 1999), Article 13, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences Act (Act No. 194 of 1999), or Article 15, paragraph (1) of the Incorporated Administrative Agency, Fisheries Research Agency Act (Act No. 199 of 1999), if it is recognized to be necessary for coping with emergency situations that cause or are likely to cause serious damage to the ensuring of Food safety.
- 農林水産大臣は、指定漁業の許可又は起業の認可をする場合には、第五 十五条第一項及び第五十九条の規定による場合を除き、当該指定漁業につき、あらかじめ、水産動植物の繁殖保護又は漁業調整その他公益に支障を及ぼさない範 囲内において、かつ、当該指定漁業を営む者の数、経営その他の事情を勘案して、その許可又は起業の認可をすべき船舶の総トン数別の隻数又は総トン数別及び 操業区域別若しくは操業期間別の隻数(母船式漁業にあつては、母船の総トン数別の隻数又は総トン数別及び操業区域別若しくは操業期間別の隻数並びに各母船 と同一の船団に属する独航船等の種類別及び総トン数別の隻数)並びに許可又は起業の認可を申請すべき期間を定め、これを公示しなければならない。
- In the case where the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister permissions a specified fishery or approves business commencement of the designated fishery, he/she shall decide and publicly notify, for said designated fishery in advance, the numbers of boats to be permissioned or to be approved on business commencement by gross tonnage or the numbers of boats by gross tonnage and by fishing area or by fishing period (the numbers of mother ships by gross tonnage or the numbers of mother ships by gross tonnage and by fishing area or by fishing period, and the numbers of boats by type of the self-navigating boats belonging to the same fleet as each mother ship and by gross tonnage, in the case of the mother ship type fishery) and the periods during which the application for a permission or an approval of business commencement should be filed, considering the number of the persons who operate said specified fishery, managements and other circumstances, to such an extent that the protection of reproduction of aquatic animals and plants, fisheries adjustment and other public interest will not be impaired, excluding the cases pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), Article 55 and Article 59.
- この法律の施行前に終了した営業年度について作成すべき監査報告書の記載 事項に関しては、なお従前の例による。農林中央金庫、農業協同組合及び農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水 産加工業協同組合連合会、信用協同組合及び信用協同組合連合会(中小企業等協同組合法(昭和二十四年法律第百八十一号)第九条の九第一項第一号の事業を行 う協同組合連合会をいう。次条において同じ。)、信用金庫及び信用金庫連合会、労働金庫及び労働金庫連合会並びに相互会社(保険業法第二条第五項に規定す る相互会社をいう。次条において同じ。)についての、この法律の施行前に終了した事業年度について作成すべき監査報告書の記載事項に関しても、同様とす る。
- With regard to matters to be stated in the audit report to be prepared for the Business Year ending before this Act comes in force, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable. With regard to matters to be stated in the audit report to be prepared by the Norinchukin Bank, agricultural cooperative, federation of agricultural cooperatives, fisheries cooperative, federation of fisheries cooperatives, fishery processing cooperative and federation of fishery processing cooperatives, credit cooperative and Federation of Credit Cooperatives (meaning a Federation of Credit Cooperatives that conducts business set forth in Article 9-9(1)(i) of the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act (Act No. 181 of 1949); the same shall apply in the following Article), Shinkin Bank and federation of Shinkin Banks, labor bank and federation of labor banks, and Mutual Company (meaning a Mutual Company as defined by Article 2(5) of the Insurance Business Act; the same shall apply in the following Article) for the Business Year ending before this Act comes in force.
- 第一条中地方自治法第二百五十条の次に五条、節名並びに二款及び款名を加える改正規 定(同法第二百五十条の九第一項に係る部分(両議院の同意を得ることに係る部分に限る。)に限る。)、第四十条中自然公園法附則第九項及び第十項の改正規 定(同法附則第十項に係る部分に限る。)、第二百四十四条の規定(農業改良助長法第十四条の三の改正規定に係る部分を除く。)並びに第四百七十二条の規定 (市町村の合併の特例に関する法律第六条、第八条及び第十七条の改正規定に係る部分を除く。)並びに附則第七条、第十条、第十二条、第五十九条ただし書、 第六十条第四項及び第五項、第七十三条、第七十七条、第百五十七条第四項から第六項まで、第百六十条、第百六十三条、第百六十四条並びに第二百二条の規定 公布の日
- The revised provisions of Article 1 of the Local Autonomy Act whereby five Articles, a section title, and two subsections and subsection titles are added after Article 250 of the same Act (limited to the portions pertaining to paragraph (1) of Article 250-9 of the same Act (limited to the portion pertaining to obtaining consent from both the Lower and Upper Houses)), the revised provisions of paragraphs (9) and (10) of Article 40 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Park Act (limited to the portions pertaining to paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the same Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the portions pertaining to the revised provisions of Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Extension Promotion Act), and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the portions pertaining the revised provisions of Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Measures for the Mergers of Municipalities), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, and Article 12, the proviso to Article 59, paragraphs (4) and (5) of Article 60, Article 73, Article 77, paragraphs (4) through (6) of Article 157, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions: The day of promulgation
- the provisions for revision in Article 1 to add five Articles, the Section heading, and two Subsections and the Subsection headings after Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act (limited to the portion pertaining to Article 250-9, paragraph (1) of said Act (limited to the portion pertaining to obtaining the consent of both Houses)); the provisions in Article 40 to revise paragraph (9) and paragraph (10) of the Natural Parks Act Supplementary Provisions (limited to the portion pertaining to paragraph (10) of the said Supplementary Provisions); Article 244 (except for the portion pertaining to the provision to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act); and Article 472 (except for the portion pertaining to the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8 and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Merger of Municipalities); and Article 7, Article 10 and Article 12; proviso to Article 59; Article 60, paragraph (4) and paragraph (5); Article 73 and Article 77; Article 157, paragraph (4) to paragraph (6); Article 160, Article 163, Article 164 and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions: the day of promulgation.
- The provisions for revision in Article 1 to add five articles, the section title, and two subsections and the titles thereof following Article 250 of the Local Government Act (limited, however, to the part concerning Article 250-9, paragraph 1 of the said Act (limited, however, to the part concerning the requirement of consent of both Houses)), the provisions in Article 40 to revise paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited, however, to the part concerning paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the said Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provision to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act), and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Merger of Municipalities), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, proviso of Article 59, Article 60, paragraph 4 and paragraph 5, Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraphs 4 to 6, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date of promulgation.
- The provisions for revision in Article 1 to add five articles, the section title, and two subsections and the titles thereof following Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act (limited, however, to the part concerning Article 250-9, paragraph 1 of the said Act (limited, however, to the part concerning the requirement of consent of both Houses)), the provisions in Article 40 to revise paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited, however, to the part concerning paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the said Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provision to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act), and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Merger of Municipalities), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, proviso of Article 59, Article 60, paragraph 4 and paragraph 5, Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraphs 4 to 6, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date of promulgation.
- The provisions in Article 1 to revise the Local Autonomy Act (limited, however, to the part concerning Article 250-9, paragraph (1) of said Act (limited, however, to the part concerning the requirement of consent of both Houses)) by adding five Articles, a Section title, and two Subsections and their titles following Article 250; the provisions of Article 40 to revise paragraph (9) and paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited, however, to the part concerning paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of said Act); the provisions of Article 244 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act); the provisions of Article 472 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Mergers of Municipalities); and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the proviso in Article 59, Article 60, paragraph (4) and paragraph (5), Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraph (4) through paragraph (6), Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions: the date of the promulgation of this Act;
- 肥料、農薬、飼料、飼料添加物、動物用の医薬品その他食品の安全性に影響 を及ぼすおそれがある農林漁業の生産資材、食品(その原料又は材料として使用される農林水産物を含む。)若しくは添加物(食品衛生法(昭和二十二年法律第 二百三十三号)第四条第二項に規定する添加物をいう。)又は器具(同条第四項に規定する器具をいう。)若しくは容器包装(同条第五項に規定する容器包装を いう。)の生産、輸入又は販売その他の事業活動を行う事業者(以下「食品関連事業者」という。)は、基本理念にのっとり、その事業活動を行うに当たって、 自らが食品の安全性の確保について第一義的責任を有していることを認識して、食品の安全性を確保するために必要な措置を食品供給行程の各段階において適切 に講ずる責務を有する。
- Business operators that produce, import, sell, or conduct other business for fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, feed, feed additives, veterinary medicines and other production materials for agriculture, forestry, or fishery that may have an effect on Food safety, Food (including agricultural, forestry, and fishery products used as raw materials or materials), additives (those provided in Article 4, paragraph (2) of the Food Sanitation Act (Act No. 233 of 1947)), apparatus (that provided in paragraph (4) of the said Article) or containers and packaging (those provided in paragraph (5) of the said Article) (hereinafter referred to as 'Food-related Business Operators') shall be responsible for appropriately taking the necessary measures to ensure Food safety at each stage of the Food Supply Processes. This will be done according to the code of the Basic Principles and on the basis of the recognition that they bear the primary responsibility for ensuring Food safety when conducting their business activities.
- 国土交通大臣又は港湾管理者(港湾法第二条第一項(港湾管理者の定義)に規定する港湾管理者をいう。以下同じ。)が港湾区域内における第一項に掲げる工事をしようとする場合又はこれらの工事について港湾管理者が同法第三十七条第一項(港湾区域内の工事の許可)の規定による許可をし、同条第三項(港湾区域内の国等の工事についての特例)の規定による協議に応じ、都道府県知事が同法第五十六条第一項の規定による許可をし、同条第三項(港湾区域の定のない港湾への準用)の規定による協議に応じ、若しくは港湾管理者が同法第五十八条第二項(公有水面埋立法との関係)の規定により公有水面埋立法(大正十年法律第五十七号)の規定による都道府県知事の職権を行おうとする場合において、当該工事が保護水面の区域内においてされるものであるときは、国土交通大臣、港湾管理者又は都道府県知事は、政令の定めるところにより、あらかじめ、当該保護水面を管理する都道府県知事又は農林水産大臣に協議しなければならない。
- In the event that the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport or the administrator of a port and harbor (which means the administrator of the ports and harbors set forth in paragraph 1 of Article 2 (Definition of Administrator of the Port and Harbor) of the Ports and Harbors Act; the same shall apply hereinafter) intends to carry out work listed in paragraph 1 within the Area of Port And Harbor, or that the administrator of the port and harbor intends to grant permission pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 of Article 37 (Permission of Work within the Area of Port and Harbor) of said Act for such work or to attend the consultation pursuant to the provision of paragraph 3 of said Article (Special Exceptions to Work by the National Government, etc. within Area of Port and Harbor), or that the prefectural governor intends to grant permission pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 of Article 56 of said Act or to attend the consultation pursuant to the provision of paragraph 3 of said Article (Mutatis Mutandis Application to Port and Harbor without Designation of Area of Port and Harbor) or that the administrator of the port and harbor intends to exercise the authority of the prefectural governor under the provisions of the Act on Reclamation of Publicly-owned Water Surface (Act No. 57 of 1921) pursuant to the provision of paragraph 2 of Article 58 (Relationship with Act on Reclamation of Publicly-owned Water Surface) of said Act, and that such work is conducted within the area of the Protected Water Surface, the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, the administrator of the port and harbor or the prefectural governor shall consult with the prefectural governor or the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries that administrates such Protected Water Surface in advance as provided for in a Cabinet Order.
- 現に当該指定漁業の許可又は起業の認可を受けている者(次号の申請に基づく許可又は 起業の認可を受けている者にあつては、新技術の企業化により現にこの号の申請に基づく許可を受けている者と同程度の漁業生産を確保することが可能となつた ものとして農林水産省令で定める基準に適合するものに限り、当該指定漁業の許可の有効期間の満了日が前条第一項の規定により公示した許可又は起業の認可を 申請すべき期間の末日以前である場合にあつては、当該許可の有効期間の満了日において当該指定漁業の許可又は起業の認可を受けていた者を含む。)が当該指 定漁業の許可の有効期間(起業の認可を受けており又は受けていた者にあつては、当該起業の認可に係る指定漁業の許可の有効期間)の満了日の到来のため当該 許可又は起業の認可に係る船舶と同一の船舶についてした申請(母船式漁業にあつては、同一の船団に属する母船及び独航船等の全部について、当該許可又は起 業の認可に係る母船又は独航船等と同一の母船又は独航船等についてした申請)
- An application filed by a person granted a permission or an approval of business commencement of said designated fishery (including a person granted a permission or an approval of business commencement based on the application of the following item and still granted the permission or the approval of business commencement of said designated fishery on the expiration date of the valid period of said permission, if the commercialization of the new technology concerned conforms to the standard established by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries based on the recognition that the new technology allows the same level of fishery production as that of the persons granted permissions based on the applications of this item and if the expiration date of the valid period of the permission of said designated fishery is before the last day of the period during which an application for a permission or an approval of business commencement should be filed pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article), with respect to the same boat as the boat pertaining to said permission or approval of business commencement owing to the arrival of the expiration date of the valid period of the permission of said designated fishery (the valid period of the permission of the designated fishery pertaining to an approval of business commencement in the case of a person who is or was granted said approval of business commencement) (or applications filed with respect to the same mother ship and self-navigating boats as the mother ship and self-navigating boats pertaining to said permission or approval of business commencement, to constitute one complete fleet consisting of a mother ship and self-navigating boats, in the case of mother ship type fishery)
- 審議会は、前二項に規定するもののほか、土地改良法(昭和二十四年法律第百九十五号)、家畜改良増殖法(昭和二十五年法律第二百九号)、家畜伝染病予防法(昭和二十六年法律第百六十六号)、飼料需給安定法(昭和二十七年法律第三百五十六号)、酪農及び肉用牛生産の振興に関する法律(昭和二十九年法律第百八十二号)、果樹農業振興特別措置法(昭和三十六年法律第十五号)、畜産物の価格安定に関する法律(昭和三十六年法律第百八十三号)、砂糖の価格調整に関する法律(昭和四十年法律第百九号)、加工原料乳生産者補給金等暫定措置法(昭和四十年法律第百十二号)、農業振興地域の整備に関する法律(昭和四十四年法律第五十八号)、卸売市場法(昭和四十六年法律第三十五号)、肉用子牛生産安定等特別措置法(昭和六十三年法律第九十八号)、食品流通構造改善促進法(平成三年法律第五十九号)、主要食糧の需給及び価格の安定に関する法律(平成六年法律第百十三号)及び食品循環資源の再生利用等の促進に関する法律(平成十二年法律第百十六号)の規定によりその権限に属させられた事項を処理する。
- In addition to the matters provided for in the preceding two paragraphs, The Council shall deal with the tasks authorized under the following acts: Land Improvement Act (Act No.195 of 1949), Act for Improvement and Increased Production of Livestock (Act No.209 of 1950), Animal Infectious Diseases Control Act (Act No.160 of 1951), Feed Supply-and-Demand Stabilization Act (Act No.356 of 1952), Act Concerning Dairy and Beef Cattle Production Promotion (Act No.182 of 1954), Fruit-growing Industry Promotion Special Measures Act (Act No.15 of 1961), Act Concerning the Stabilization of Livestock Products (Act No.183 of 1961), Sugar Price Adjustment Act (Act No.109 of 1965), Temporary Act for Compensation Price for Producers of Milk for Manufacturing Use (Act No.112 of 1965), Act Concerning Establishment of Agricultural Promotion Areas(Act No.58 of 1969), Wholesale Market Act (Act No.35 of 1971), Special Measures Act for Beef Calf Production Stabilization (Act No.98 of 1988), Act Concerning of the Food Marketing Structure (Act No.59 of 1991), Act for Stabilization of Supply, Demand and Prices of Staple Food(Act No.113 of 1994), Food Recycling Act (Act No.116 of 2000)
- 第八十五条第二項及び第四項から第六項まで(海区漁業調整委員会の会 長、専門委員及び書記又は補助員)、第九十六条(委員の辞職の制限)、第九十八条第一項、第三項及び第四項(委員の任期)、第百条から第百二条まで(解任 及び会議)並びに第百八条(委員の失職)の規定は、広域漁業調整委員会に準用する。この場合において、第八十五条第二項中「第三項第二号の委員」とあるの は「太平洋広域漁業調整委員会にあつては第百十一条第二項第三号の委員、日本海・九州西広域漁業調整委員会にあつては同条第三項第三号の委員、瀬戸内海広 域漁業調整委員会にあつては同条第四項第二号の委員」と、同項、同条第四項及び第五項並びに第百条中「都道府県知事」とあるのは「農林水産大臣」と、同条 中「第八十五条第三項第二号」とあるのは「第百十一条第二項第二号及び第三号、同条第三項第二号及び第三号並びに同条第四項第二号」と、第百八条中「第百 六条第二項の規定により選出された」とあるのは「第百十一条第二項第一号、同条第三項第一号又は同条第四項第一号の規定により互選した者をもつて充てられ た」と読み替えるものとする。
- The provisions of paragraph (2) and paragraph (4) through paragraph (6), Article 85 (Chairman, Expert Adviser and Clerk or Assistant of Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission), Article 96 (Restriction of Resignation of Commission Members), paragraph 1, paragraph 3 and paragraph (4), Article 98 (Term of Office of Commission Members), Article 100 through Article 102 (Dismissal and Meetings) and Article 108 (Unemployment of Commission Members) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Wide Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commissions. In this case, 'the commission members of item (ii), paragraph (3)' in paragraph (2), Article 85 shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the commission members of item (iii), paragraph (2), of the same Article for the Pacific Ocean Wide Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission, the commission members of item (iii), paragraph (3) of the same Article for the Sea-of-Japan/Kyushu West Wide Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission, and the commission members of item (ii), paragraph (4) of the same Article for the Seto Inland Sea Wide Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission'; 'the Governor concerned' in the same paragraph, paragraph (4) and paragraph (5) of the same Article and Article 100, with 'the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister'; 'item (ii), paragraph (3), Article 85' in the same Article, with 'item (ii) and item (iii), paragraph (2), Article 111, item (ii) and item (iii), paragraph (3) of the same Article, and item (ii), paragraph (4) of the same Article'; 'elected pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2), Article 106' in Article 108, with 'elected by mutual vote pursuant to the provision of item (i), paragraph (2), Article 111, item (i), paragraph (3) of the same Article or item (i), paragraph (4) of the same Article.'
- 漁業協同組合又は漁業協 同組合連合会は、その有する特定区画漁業権又は第一種共同漁業を内容とする共同漁業権について漁業権行使規則を定めようとするときは、水産業協同組合法 (昭和二十三年法律第二百四十二号)の規定による総会(総会の部会及び総代会を含む。)の議決前に、その組合員(漁業協同組合連合会の場合には、その会員 たる漁業協同組合の組合員。以下同じ。)のうち、当該漁業権に係る漁業の免許の際において当該漁業権の内容たる漁業を営む者(第十四条第六項の規定により 適格性を有するものとして設定を受けた特定区画漁業権及び第一種共同漁業を内容とする共同漁業権については、当該漁業権に係る漁場の区域が内水面(第八十 四条第一項の規定により農林水産大臣が指定する湖沼を除く。第二十一条第一項を除き、以下同じ。)以外の水面である場合にあつては沿岸漁業(総トン数二十 トン以上の動力漁船を使用して行う漁業及び内水面における漁業を除いた漁業をいう。以下同じ。)を営む者、河川以外の内水面である場合にあつては当該内水 面において漁業を営む者、河川である場合にあつては当該河川において水産動植物の採捕又は養殖をする者)であつて、当該漁業権に係る第十一条に規定する地 元地区(共同漁業権については、同条に規定する関係地区)の区域内に住所を有するものの三分の二以上の書面による同意を得なければならない。
- When a Fisheries Cooperative Association or a Federation of Fisheries Cooperative Associations is going to establish the Fishery Right Exercise Rule for the provided specific demarcated fishery right or the common fishery right covering the class 1 common fishery held by the association or the federation, the association or the federation shall obtain the consents in writing of not less than two thirds of the partner of the association or the federation (the partner of the Fisheries Cooperative Associations which are the partner of the Federation of Fisheries Cooperative Associations, in the case of the federation; the same shall apply hereinafter), who operate the fishery covered by said fishery right when the association or the federation is granted the license of the fishery pertaining to said fishery right (or who operate a shore fishery (which refers to the fishery excluding the fishery operated using a powered fishing boat with a total tonnage of 20 tons or more and the fishery in inland waters; the same shall apply hereinafter) in the case where the region of the fishing ground pertaining to said fishery right is waters other than inland waters (excluding the lakes and marshes designated by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), Article 84; the same shall apply hereinafter except paragraph (1), Article 21) with respect to the provided demarcated fishery right and the common fishery right covering the class 1 common fishery established for the persons qualified pursuant to the provision of paragraph (6), Article 14; or who operate a fishery in the inland waters other than rivers in the case where said region is said inland waters; or who gather, catch or culture aquatic animals and plants in a river in the case where said region is said river), and who have addresses in the region of the local district provided in Article 11 pertaining to said fishery right (the district concerned provided in the same Article for the common fishery right), before any resolution is made in the general meeting provided in the Fisheries Industry Cooperative Association Act (Act No. 242 of 1948) (including a sectional meeting and a representatives' meeting of the general meeting).
- 薬事法第十四条第一項若しくは同法第八十三条第一項の規定により読み替えて適用され る同法第十四条第一項の規定による動物のために使用されることが目的とされている医薬品、医薬部外品若しくは医療機器(以下「動物用医薬品等」という。) についての承認をしようとするとき、同法第十四条の三第一項(同法第二十条第一項において準用する場合を含む。以下同じ。)若しくは同法第八十三条第一項 の規定により読み替えて適用される同法第十四条の三第一項の規定による動物用医薬品等についての承認をしようとするとき、同法第十四条の四第一項(同法第 十九条の四において準用する場合を含む。以下同じ。)若しくは同法第八十三条第一項の規定により読み替えて適用される同法第十四条の四第一項の規定による 動物用医薬品等についての再審査を行おうとするとき、同法第十四条の六第一項(同法第十九条の四において準用する場合を含む。以下同じ。)若しくは同法第 八十三条第一項の規定により読み替えて適用される同法第十四条の六第一項の規定による動物用医薬品等についての再評価を行おうとするとき、同法第十九条の 二第一項若しくは第八十三条第一項の規定により読み替えて適用される同法第十九条の二第一項の規定による動物用医薬品等についての承認をしようとすると き、又は同法第八十三条第一項の規定により読み替えて適用される同法第十四条第二項第二号若しくは第八十三条の五第一項の農林水産省令を制定し、若しくは 改廃しようとするとき。
- When intending to give approval for pharmaceutical products, quasi-pharmaceutical products , or medical instruments for the purpose of use for animals (hereinafter referred to as 'veterinary medicine, etc.') in accordance with the provisions of Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act or the provisions of the said paragraph applied, with the necessary replacements, in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, paragraph (1) of the said Act, when intending to give approval for veterinary medicine, etc. in accordance with the provisions of Article 14-3, paragraph (1) of the said Act (including cases where it applies mutatis mutandis in Article 20, paragraph (1) of the said Act; the same shall apply hereinafter) or the provisions of the said paragraph applied, with the necessary replacements, in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, paragraph (1) of the said Act, when intending to conduct a re-examination of veterinary medicine, etc. in accordance with the provisions of Article 14-4, paragraph (1) of the said Act (including cases where it applies mutatis mutandis in Article 19-4, the same shall apply hereinafter) or the provisions of the said paragraph applied, with the necessary replacements, in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, paragraph (1) of the said Act, when intending to conduct re-assessment of veterinary medicine, etc. in accordance with the provisions of Article 14-6, paragraph (1) of the said Act (including cases where it applies mutatis mutandis in Article 19-4 of the said Act; the same shall apply hereinafter) or the provisions of the said paragraph applied, with the necessary replacements, in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, paragraph (1) of the said Act, when intending to give approval for veterinary medicine, etc. in accordance with the provisions of Article 19-2, paragraph (1) of the said Act or the provisions of the said paragraph applied, with the necessary replacements, in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, paragraph (1) of the said Act, or when intending to enact, amend, or abolish the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ordinance provided in Article 83-5, paragraph (1) of the said Act or the provisions of Article 14, paragraph (2), item (iii) of the said Act applied, with the necessary replacements, in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, paragraph (1) of the said Act.
- この法律は、公布の日から起算して六月を超えない範囲内において政令で定 める日から施行する。ただし、第一条中商法第二百八十五条ノ四、第二百八十五条ノ五第二項、第二百八十五条ノ六第二項及び第三項、第二百九十条第一項並び に第二百九十三条ノ五第三項の改正規定並びに附則第六条中農林中央金庫法(大正十二年法律第四十二号)第二十三条第三項及び第二十四条第一項の改正規定、 附則第七条中商工組合中央金庫法(昭和十一年法律第十四号)第三十九条ノ三第三項及び第四十条ノ二第一項の改正規定、附則第九条中農業協同組合法(昭和二 十二年法律第百三十二号)第五十二条第一項の改正規定、附則第十条中証券取引法(昭和二十三年法律第二十五号)第五十三条第三項の改正規定及び同条第四項 を削る改正規定、附則第十一条中水産業協同組合法(昭和二十三年法律第二百四十二号)第五十六条第一項の改正規定、附則第十二条中協同組合による金融事業 に関する法律(昭和二十四年法律第百八十三号)第五条の五の次に一条を加える改正規定及び同法第十二条第一項の改正規定、附則第十三条中船主相互保険組合 法(昭和二十五年法律第百七十七号)第四十二条第一項の改正規定、附則第十六条中信用金庫法(昭和二十六年法律第二百三十八号)第五十五条の三第三項及び 第五十七条第一項の改正規定、附則第十八条中労働金庫法(昭和二十八年法律第二百二十七号)第六十一条第一項の改正規定、附則第二十三条中銀行法(昭和五 十六年法律第五十九号)第十七条の二第三項の改正規定及び同条第四項を削る改正規定、附則第二十六条の規定、附則第二十七条中保険業法(平成七年法律第百 五号)第十五条に一項を加える改正規定、同法第五十五条第一項及び第二項、第百十二条第一項並びに第百十二条の二第三項の改正規定、同条第四項を削る改正 規定、同法第百十五条第二項、第百十八条第一項、第百十九条及び第百九十九条の改正規定並びに同法附則第五十九条第二項及び附則第九十条第二項を削る改正 規定、附則第二十九条中株式の消却の手続に関する商法の特例に関する法律(平成九年法律第五十五号)第七条第二項の改正規定並びに附則第三十一条中特定目 的会社による特定資産の流動化に関する法律(平成十年法律第百五号)第百一条第一項及び第百二条第三項の改正規定は、平成十二年四月一日から施行する。
- This Act shall come into effect as from the date specified by a Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding six months from the day of promulgation; provided, however, that the provisions in Article 1 which are to revise Articles 285-4, 285-5(2), 285-6(2) and (3), 290(1) and 293-5(3) of the Commercial Code, and the provisions in Article 6 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Articles 23(3) and 24(1) of the Norinchukin Bank Act (Act No. 42 of 1923), the provisions in Article 7 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Articles 39-3(3) and 40-2(1) of the Shoko Chukin Bank Act (Act No. 14 of 1936), the provision in Article 9 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 52(1) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act (Act No. 132 of 1947), the provisions in Article 10 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Article 53(3) of the Securities and Exchange Act (Act No. 25 of 1948) and to delete Article 53(4) of that Act, the provision in Article 11 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 56(1) of the Fisheries Cooperatives Act (Act No. 242 of 1948), the provisions in Article 12 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to add a new Article after Article 5-5 of the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative (Act No. 183 of 1949) and to revise Article 12(1) of that Act, the provision in Article 13 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 42(1) of the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act (Act No. 177 of 1950), the provisions in Article 16 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Articles 55-3(3) and 57(1) of the Shinkin Bank Act (Act No. 238 of 1951), the provision in Article 18 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 61(1) of the Labor Bank Act (Act No. 227 of 1953), the provisions in Article 23 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Article 17-2(3) of the Banking Act (Act No. 59 of 1981) and to delete Article 17-2(4) of that Act, the provisions of Article 26 of these Supplementary Provisions, the provisions in Article 27 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to add a new paragraph to Article 15 of the Insurance Business Act (Act No. 105 of 1995), to revise Articles 55(1) and (2), 112(1) and 112-2(3) of that Act, to delete Article 112-2(4), to revise Articles 115(2), 118(1), 119 and 199 of that Act, and to delete Articles 59(2) and 90(2) of the Supplementary Provisions to that Act, the provision in Article 29 of these Supplementary Provisions which is to revise Article 7(2) of the Act on Special Measures under the Commercial Code Concerning Procedures for Canceling Shares (Act No. 55 of 1997) and the provisions in Article 31 of these Supplementary Provisions which are to revise Articles 101(1) and 102(3) of the Act on Securitization of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies (Act No. 105 of 1998), shall come into effect as from April 1, 2000.
- 第一条の規定、第八条中農業協同組合法第三十条の四第二項第二号の改正規定(「第百 九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項、第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号」を「第百九十七条、第 百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号、第百九十八条第八号」に改める部分に限る。)、第九条中水産業協同組合法第三十四条の四第二項第二 号の改正規定(「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項、第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号」 を「第百九十七条、第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号、第百九十八条第八号」に改める部分に限る。)、第十一条中協同組合による金融 事業に関する法律第五条の四第四号の改正規定(「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項」を「第百九十七条」に、「第百九 十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号(有価証券の無届募集等の罪)」を「第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号(有価 証券の無届募集等の罪)、第百九十八条第八号(裁判所の禁止又は停止命令違反の罪)」に改める部分に限る。)、第十三条中信用金庫法第三十四条第四号の改 正規定(「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項」を「第百九十七条」に、「第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号 若しくは第十九号(有価証券の無届募集等の罪)」を「第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号(有価証券の無届募集等の罪)、第百九十八条 第八号(裁判所の禁止又は停止命令違反の罪)」に改める部分に限る。)、第十五条中労働金庫法第三十四条第四号の改正規定(「第百九十七条第一項第一号か ら第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項」を「第百九十七条」に、「第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号(有価証券の無届募集 等の罪)」を「第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号(有価証券の無届募集等の罪)、第百九十八条第八号(裁判所の禁止又は停止命令違反 の罪)」に改める部分に限る。)、第十八条中保険業法第五十三条の二第一項第三号の改正規定(「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若 しくは第二項」を「第百九十七条」に、「第百九十八条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号(有価証券の無届募集等の罪)」を「第百九十七条の 二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号(有価証券の無届募集等の罪)、第百九十八条第八号(裁判所の禁止又は停止命令違反の罪)」に改める部分に限 る。)、第十九条中農林中央金庫法第二十四条の四第四号の改正規定(「第百九十七条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第七号若しくは第二項、第百九十八 条第一号から第十号まで、第十八号若しくは第十九号」を「第百九十七条、第百九十七条の二第一号から第十号まで若しくは第十三号、第百九十八条第八号」に 改める部分に限る。)並びに附則第二条、第四条、第百八十二条第一項、第百八十四条第一項、第百八十七条第一項、第百九十条第一項、第百九十三条第一項、 第百九十六条第一項及び第百九十八条第一項の規定 公布の日から起算して二十日を経過した日
- The provisions of Article 1, the provision in Article 8 which is to revise Article 30-4(2)(ii) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197 (1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2). Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix)' into 'Article 197, 197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) or Article 198(viii)'), the provision in Article 9 which is to revise Article 34-4(2)(ii) of the Fisheries Cooperatives Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197(1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2), Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix)' into 'Article 197, 197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) or Article 198(viii)'), the provision in Article 11 which is to revise Article 5-4(4)(iv) of the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197(1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2)' into 'Article 197' and the part revising 'Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.)' into '197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.), Article 198(viii) (Crime of Breach of Prohibition Order or Order for Suspension Given by Court)'), the provision in Article 13 which is to revise Article 34(iv) of the Shinkin Bank Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197(1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2)' into 'Article 197' and the part revising 'Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.)' into '197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.), Article 198(viii) (Crime of Breach of Prohibition Order or Order for Suspension Given by Court)'), the provision in Article 15 which is to revise Article 34(iv) of the Labor Bank Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197(1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2)' into 'Article 197' and the part revising 'Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.)' into '197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.), Article 198(viii) (Crime of Breach of Prohibition Order or Order for Suspension Given by Court)'), the provision in Article 18 which is to revise Article 53-2(1)(iii) of the Insurance Business Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197(1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2)' into 'Article 197' and the part revising 'Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.)' into '197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) (Crimes of Offering Securities Without Notification, etc.), Article 198(viii) (Crime of Breach of Prohibition Order or Order for Suspension Given by Court)'), the provision in Article 19 which is to revise Article 24-4(iv) of the Norinchukin Bank Act (limited to the part revising the phrase 'Article 197(1)(i) to (iv) inclusive or (vii) or Article 197(2). Article 198(i) to (x) inclusive, (xviii) or (xix)' into 'Article 197, 197-2(i) to (x) inclusive or (xiii) or Article 198(viii)'), and the provisions of Articles 2, 4, 182(1), 184(1), 187(1), 190(1), 193(1), 196(1) and 198(1) of these Supplementary Provisions: The date on which twenty days from the day of promulgation have elapsed