足: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 足高の制
- Tashidaka no Sei (Tashidaka system, a wage system established by the Edo bakufu)
- 足尾鉱毒事件
- Ashio Mining Pollution
- 明六社の発足
- The inauguration of Meirokusha
- 足利義満以前
- Before Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA
- 新政権の発足
- Inauguration of the New Government
- 足尾町での運動
- Movement in Ashio-machi
- 加役方人足寄場
- Kayakugata Ninsokuyoseba
- 巨勢野足投入。
- KOSE no Notari was sent to support the preceding Imperial armies.
- 源姓足利氏一門
- The Ashikaga clan of the Minamoto family
- 節足動物媒介疾患
- arthropod-borne disease
- 備中国足守藩主。
- Lord of Ashimori Domain, Bicchu Province.
- 足軽頭400石。
- Head of ashigaru with an estate of 400 koku.
- 足軽頭300石。
- Head of ashigaru with an estate of 300 koku.
- 足守荘…神護寺領。
- Ashimori-no-sho: estate of Jingo-ji Temple.
- 『足利持氏滅亡記』
- 'Record of the Decline of Mochiuji Ashikaga'
- 共和政が発足した。
- Then, a republican government inaugurated.
- - 憲兵警察制度発足
- Inauguration of the Kenpei police system
- 清和源氏足利流吉良氏
- The Kira clan of the Ashikaga lineage of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan)
- 下駄 足駄 草履 雪駄
- Geta (Japanese wooden sandals), Ashida (wooden clogs), Zori (Japanese straw sandals), Setta(Japanese leather-soled sandals)
- 足軽では唯一の参加者。
- He was the only ashigaru member.
- 将軍足利義持の祈願所。
- Place where Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA prayed.
- 清和源氏足利流上野氏。
- The Seiwa-Genji (the Minamoto clan) ASHIKAGA-lined UENO clan
- あいてにとって不足はない
- good match for an opponent
- worthy (e.g. rival)
- 持筒頭・足軽頭400石。
- Head of mochizutsu (troop of snipers to protect Shogun) and of ashigaru with an estate of 400 koku.
- - 藤原鎌足(100町)
- FUJIWARA no Kamatari (991,740 square meters)
- 1363年 - 足利直冬
- 1363- Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA
- 中臣氏(藤原氏、藤原鎌足)
- The Nakatomi clan (the Fujiwara clan, Kamatari FUJIWARA)
- 足軽頭、300石(新参)。
- Head of foot soldiers, estate of 300 koku (newcomer).
- 義国流足利氏と同族である。
- The clan is the same family as the Ashikaga clan descended from Yoshikuni.
- 清和源氏足利流 上野氏嫡流
- A direct descendent of the Seiwa-Genji ASHIKAGA-lined UENO clan
- 足利時代の作であろうという。
- It is said to be written during the Ashikaga Period.
- 「今度之動、仕合能満足ニ候。
- I am satisfied with this battle.
- 藤原氏 - 藤原鎌足の子孫。
- The Fujiwara clan: Descendants of FUJIWARA no Kamatari
- 「梅が香や日足を伝ふ大書院」
- I smelled the fragrance of plums and saw sunlight pierce the Daisyoin (large study).'
- 『後知足院関白記』 近衛房嗣著
- 'Gochisokuin Kanpaku Ki' by Fusatsugu KONOE
- また、藤原鎌足の別名でもある。
- It was also used as another name of FUJIWARA no Kamatari.
- この案では兵力不足が懸念された。
- This plan might have a problem of a shortage of soldiers.
- 足利義満は右馬御監に叙任された。
- Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was appointed to Umaryo gogen (Inspector of the Umaryo, Right Division of Bureau of Horses).
- 大倭国造五百足(いおたり)の子。
- He was the son of Yamato no Kuni no Miyatsuko Iotari.
- 3月15日 峰山海軍航空隊発足。
- March 15: The Mineyama Navy Air Corps was inaugurated.
- 例 足利内大臣正二位源朝臣義政公
- e.g. Ashikaga Naidaijin Shonii Minamoto no Ason Yoshimasa Ko
- 文は足や靴の単位として用いられた。
- The mon was used as a unit for measuring foot size and shoe size.
- 足かけ7年の歳月をかけ完成させた。
- Nobunaga took seven years to build this castle.
- ただし、慢性的な人材不足が続いた。
- However, talented doctors were greatly lacking.
- 京都は再び足利義稙の手に帰した。
- Kyoto was again fell into Yoshitane ASHIKAGA's hands.
- 足利義昭 京から追放、備後へ下向。
- Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA was expelled from Kyoto and went down to Bingo Province.
- 大化3年(647年) 渟足柵設置。
- In 647, the Nutari stockade was built.
- 足利泰氏の六男、上野義弁に始まる。
- The family lineage started with 上野義弁, the sixth son of Yasuuji ASHIKAGA.
- 清和源氏足利氏流 以下で解説する。
- The Ashikaga clan of Seiwa Genji: To be explained below.
- 不足する人材は庶人などから採用した。
- If there was vacancy, the court adopted students from the ordinary people.
- 室町幕府8代将軍・足利義政の後継問題
- Successor issue of the 8th shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA
- 室町幕府4代将軍・足利義持の後継問題
- Successor issue of the 4th shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA
- 清和源氏源義国流足利氏系(異説あり)。
- It was in the Ashikaga lineage of the MINAMOTO no Yorikuni line of Seiwa-Genji (the Minamoto clan) (heresies are acknowledged).
- また足軽といった新たな戦力が加わった。
- Furthermore, new military potential such as the foot soldiers became available.
- 7日、足尾銅山は全山で操業を停止した。
- On 7, Ashio Copper Mine stopped operations in every mountains.
- また「是」の文字の最終2画の足が長い。
- The last two strokes of '是'were long.
- 室町幕府13代将軍・足利義輝の後継問題
- Successor issue of the 13th shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA
- 吉田忠左衛門の足軽、3両2分2人扶持。
- Ashigaru to Chuzaemon YOSHIDA, with a stipend of 3 ryo shared between two people.
- 清和源氏足利氏支族の吉良氏(義継流)。
- The line of the Kira clan (Yoshitsugu branch) which is descended from the house of Ashikaga family branch of the Seiwa-Genji:
- 清和源氏足利氏支族の吉良氏(長氏流)。
- The line of the Kira clan (Osauji branch) which is descended from the house of the Ashikaga family branch of the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan):
- 2006年1月1日 - 南丹市が発足。
- January 1, 2006: Formed Nantan City
- 須知町・高原村が合併し、丹波町が発足。
- Shuchi-cho and Takahara-mura were merged to form Tanba-cho.
- 足助氏(あすけし)は、日本の氏族の一つ。
- The Asuke clan is one of the Japanese clans.
- 三河国加茂郡 (三河国)足助庄より発祥。
- It originated in Asuke no sho, Kamo County, Mikawa Province.
- 各々のパーツに供給されるべき電力の不足。
- The lack of power which should be supplied to each part.
- 足尾銅山鉱毒事件と表記される場合も多い。
- Ashio Kodoku Jiken (Ashio Mining Pollution) is often referred to as Ashio Dozan Kodoku Jiken (Ashio copper mine Mining Pollution).
- しかしこの成功にも憲宗は満足しなかった。
- However, Xianzong was not satisfied with this accomplishment.
- 「足利御一家衆」「無御盃衆」と称された。
- It was called 'Ashikaga goikke-shu (troop of head and branch family of Ashikaga)' and 'mugyohai-shu.'
- 足利義昭を盟主に奉じたものの、のち追放。
- Nobunaga made Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA a leader, but expelled him later.
- 家系は河内源氏の流れを汲む足利氏の庶家。
- The clan was a branch family of the Ashikaga clan who was related to Kawachi-Genji (the Minamoto clan).
- 川西村・山田荘村が合併し、精華村が発足。
- Kawanishi-mura and Yamadasho-mura were merged to form Seika-mura.
- 額田今足 ...... 平安時代の法律家。
- NUKATA no Imatari was a lawyer in the Heian period.
- 将軍足利義教は箸尾氏に対し撤兵勧告をした。
- Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA advised the Hashio clan to withdraw their troops.
- 上和知村・下和知村が合併し、和知町が発足。
- Kamiwachi-mura and Shimowachi-mura were merged to form Wachi-cho.
- 大河原村・高山村が合併し、南山城村が発足。
- Okawara-mura and Takayama-mura were combined to form Minami-yamashiro-mura.
- 市内の駐車場も不足状態であり、注意が必要。
- It is also necessary to remember that there aren't enough parking spaces in the city.
- 足利氏の支流である戸賀崎氏の分家といわれた。
- The Ina clan was said to be a branch family of the Togasaki clan, which was a branch of the Ashikaga clan.
- 当初は数も少なく弓足軽と同じ組に属していた。
- At the beginning, they were few in number and they belonged to the same infantry as yumi ashigaru (foot soldiers who are archers).
- 彼らは足利義稙達を一旦は丹波国に逃亡させた。
- They once made Yoshitane ASHIKAGA and his people flee to Tanba province.
- この結果、上級客車の客足も元に戻ったという。
- As a result, customers started to travel in higher grade passenger cars again.
- これにより足利家が勘合貿易の主導権を握った。
- As a result, the Ashikaga clan held the initiative in the tally trade with China.
- 源頼朝、足利尊氏などの武門の棟梁を輩出した。
- The clan produced some military leaders such as MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and ASHIKAGA Takauji.
- 足軽頭・郡奉行、200石役料50石(譜代)。
- Head of ashigaru as well as koribugyo (county magistrate), with an estate of 200 koku and 50 koku of executive allowance (hereditary daimyo).
- 貞義の子満義は観応の擾乱で足利直義に与した。
- A child of Sadayosh, Mitsuyoshi took the side the Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA during the Kanno disturbance.
- 瑞穂村が町制施行し瑞穂町 (京都府)が発足。
- Through the implementation of the chosei, Mizuho-mura became Mizuho-cho (Kyoto Prefecture).
- 一領具足制度の有効性を物語るエピソードである。
- This is a telling episode about the efficiency of the Ichiryo gusoku system.
- 顕綱は年下の足利義氏の傘下に家臣として入った。
- Akitsuna joined the service of Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA, who was Akitsuna's junior in age.
- 一方首都長安を防衛する左右羽林軍は六万足らず。
- On the other hand, the Left and the Right Urin (bodyguard) armies that guarded the capital of Changan had less than 60,000 men.
- 室町幕府征夷大将軍足利義晴の落胤との説がある。
- There is a theory that he was a rakuin of Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- - 拓務省が発足し、樺太庁はこれへ移管される。
- Establishment of Ministry of Colonial Affairs, Karafuto-Cho placed under its authority.
- 石川県、七尾県、新川県、足羽県、敦賀県、筑摩県
- Ishikawa Prefecture, Nanao Prefecture, Nikawa Prefecture, Asuwa Prefecture, Tsuruga Prefecture, Chikuma Prefecture
- 不況レジームとしての国際金本位制(金の足かせ)
- International gold standard system as recession regime (Golden Fetters)
- しかし、なおも全てを完遂するには不足であった。
- However, the budget was still not enough to complete all projects.
- 本国阿波より、14代将軍・足利義栄を擁立した。
- The clan supported the 14th shogun Yoshihide ASHIKAGA from the home ground of Awa.
- 足利宗家から深い信頼を受けていたことがわかる。
- It shows that the Kira clan was receiving the deep trust from the head family of Ashikaga.
- 室町時代には、足利将軍家に仕える幕臣であった。
- During the Muromachi period, the Matsui clan served as the Shogun's retainer of Ashikaga Shogun family.
- 日本刀で馬の足を切った後、御者の中村太郎を刺殺。
- They cut the legs of the horses with their Japanese swords, then stabbed the driver, Taro NAKAMURA, killing him.
- 道嶋嶋足のように朝廷において出世する蝦夷もいた。
- Like MICHISHIMA no Shimatari, some Emishi/Ezo were able to have successful careers in the Imperial Court.
- 足利将軍家の屋敷を室町御所または花の御所という。
- The residence for the Ashikaga Shogunate family was called Muromachi Gosho or Hana no Gosho.
- しかし、これらの装置は、満足に役には立たなかった。
- However, in fact those facilities and equipments were useless.
- - 樺太民政署の改組により、4月1日樺太庁が発足。
- Due to reorganization of the Karafuto Civil Office (Karafuto Minseisho), Karafuto-Cho was officially established on April, 1.
- 手代はその字の通り、主人や番頭の手足となって働く。
- Tedai, as the name suggests, worked devotedly for their master and banto.
- 足軽頭は八島宗右衛門を除いて全員が血判を提出した。
- All the chiefs of foot soldiers submitted the oath except for Soemon YASHIMA.
- 足利勢らは京都の六波羅探題を滅ぼし、都を制圧する。
- The forces of Ashikaga destroyed Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) and brought Kyoto under control.
- そして京都を追われた放浪将軍・足利義稙を保護した。
- Then, he protected the wandering shogun, Yoshitane ASHIKAGA who was exiled from Kyoto.
- 足利将軍家の一門、斯波詮真のことを斯波御所という。
- A member of the Ashikaga Shogunate family, Akizane SHIBA was referred to as Shiba Gosho.
- - 天智天皇・藤原鎌足ら、蘇我入鹿を宮中で暗殺する。
- Emperor Tenji, Kamatari FUJIWARA and others assassinate Iruka SOGA at Imperial Court
- この文化を足がかりにここに和人の移住定着が起こった。
- Using this culture as a foothold, the movement and settlement of Wajin began.
- 1876年(明治9年)足柄県が廃止され静岡県に編入。
- In 1876 Ashigara Prefecture was abolished and incorporated into Shizuoka Prefecture.
- このうち、飯尾氏は後に足利将軍家に執事として仕えた。
- Among them, the Inoo clan served as shitsuji (a steward) of the Ashikaga shogunal family.
- 足軽頭…原元辰(300石)(ただしすぐに赤穂へ立つ)
- Head of foot soldiers - Mototoki HARA (300 koku) (However, he left to Ako straight away)
- その後、大河内家は足利一門の血統の吉良氏の家老となる。
- Later, the Okochi family held the post of chief retainer of the Kira family, which was part of the Ashikaga family tree.
- このため太平の世になると槍足軽は真っ先に暇を出された。
- Therefore, during peaceful times the yari ashigaru members were the first ones to be laid off.
- 牙符制は室町幕府8代征夷大将軍足利義政により始まった。
- Gafusei was started by the eighth seii taishogun (Commander in chief) of the Muromachi bakufu (shogunate government), Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA.
- それを知った盟主である足利義澄が失意のうちに病死する。
- Moreover, Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA, the leader of the alliance, learned of the situation and died from an illness in despair.
- 足尾銅山暴動事件、あしおどうざんぼうどうじけん、とも。
- It is also called the Ashio Copper Mine Riot.
- 改元後も足利成氏が用い続けた享徳も私年号に数えられる。
- Kyotoku, which Shigeuji ASHIKAGA continued to use as an name of era even after kaigen (changing the name of an era) was declared, can be regarded as Shinengo.
- 御先手物頭格表御番三百石、内五十石足高 林信政(40)
- Sakite Monogashira (Spearhead Military Commanders) status, Omote-goban, 300 koku, 50 out of 300 koku tashidaka Nobumasa HAYASHI (40).
- 細川高国は2月14日、足利義晴を奉じて坂本に逃げ去った。
- On March 16, following Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, Takakuni HOSOKAWA fled to Sakamoto.
- 尊氏と義助の主戦場は足柄峠のすぐ西にある竹ノ下となった。
- The major battlefield for Takauji and Yoshisuke was Takenoshita just west of Ashigara-toge Pass.
- 徒士は士分に含まれ、士分格を持たない足軽とは峻別される。
- Kachi were categorized into shibun (soldiers who had the status of samurai) and strictly distinguished from ashigaru (common warriors) who had not the status of samurai.
- 断崖のくぼみのなかに足場を組んだ懸造の小規模な堂である。
- This is a small-size hall in kake-zukuri where the scaffolding poles were put into the hollow of a cliff.
- 渟足柵大化3年(647年)不明沼垂郡不明養老年間には存在
- Nutari no Ki, 647, unknown, Nuttari gun, unknown, existent by the Yoro years (717-724)
- このとき、澄元に擁立されていた足利義澄も近江に逃亡した。
- Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA, who was backed up by Sumimoto, also ran away to Omi Province.
- 当初、長岡勝龍寺城に居所を構え、のち長岡神足寺に移った。
- He initially set his place in Shoryuji Castle in Nagaoka, and later moved into Kotari-ji Temple in Nagaoka.
- この間、1966年9月ごろ、足尾町の天狗沢堆積場が決壊。
- During the argument, around September in 1966, in Ashio-machi, the Tengusawa accumulation site collapsed.
- 記録上、諸臣の中で大織冠を貰ったのは鎌足だけの様である。
- Only Kamatari received Taishokkan among retainers on the record.
- 大御番頭、千五百石、内四百石足高 榊原勘解由正帰(59)
- Ogoban-gashira (captains of the great guards), 1500 koku, 400 out of 1500 koku tashidaka, Kageyu Shoki SAKAKIBARA (59).
- 足利義昭もこの流れに乗って信玄に上洛を促すなどしている。
- Moving with the flow, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA also urged Shingen to come to Kyoto.
- さらに長慶は将軍・足利義輝と戦ってこれを近江国に追った。
- Furthermore, Nagayoshi fought with the shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA and drove him away into Omi Province.
- 足利氏との関係は南北朝時代 (日本)の伊勢貞継まで遡る。
- Relations with the Ashikaga clan dates back to the Sadatsugu ISE in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 事実、それまで足利氏の執事は臣下の高氏が歴代務めていた。
- In fact, until then, it was the Ko clan, a retainer, which had served the Ashikaga clan as Shitsuji for generations.
- 檜山村・梅田村・三ノ宮村・質美村が合併し、瑞穂村が発足。
- Hinokiyama-mura, Umeda-mura, Sannomiya-mura and Shitsumi-mura were merged to form Mizuho-mura.
- 1889年に大日本帝国憲法が公布、翌年帝国議会が発足した。
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan was issued in 1889, and the Imperial Diet was inaugurated the next year.
- 足利義満も「日本国王」として明の皇帝永楽帝に表文を送った。
- Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was one of those who sent a Johyobun as King of Japan to Emperor Yongle of Ming.
- ここでは主に江戸石川島に設置された人足寄場について述べる。
- Mainly described below is the Ninsokuyoseba set up on Ishikawa-jima Island, Edo.
- 将軍足利義稙を擁する高国と義興の連立政権はしばらく続いた。
- The coalition administration of Takakuni and Yoshioki, which had Yoshitane ASHIKAGA as shogun, lasted for a while.
- 新たな将軍には阿波にあった義輝の従弟・足利義栄を擁立した。
- They placed Yoshiteru's cousin Yoshihide ASHIKAGA as a new shogun.
- 知盛は必死に防戦するが兵が浮き足立って、遂に敗走を始めた。
- Although Tomomori was desperately engaged in a defensive fight, the soldiers of the Taira clan's army were preparing to flee and eventually started to retreat.
- 室町幕府では乱に際して4代将軍の足利義持は持氏を支援した。
- The fourth Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, supported Mochiuji in the war.
- 会社発足当初から、政府の補助金も受けて土地の買収を進めた。
- Since the time of its foundation, the company proceeded with purchase of the land with financial help from the national government.
- 斯波高経やその長男・斯波家長らも足利尊氏に従い、活躍した。
- Takatsune SHIBA and his eldest son, Ienaga SHIBA, followed Takauji ASHIKAGA and flourished.
- 1986年9月 「関西文化学術研究都市促進議員連盟」発足。
- September, 1986: 'The diet member confederation for promoting the construction of Kansai Science City' was inaugurated.
- その子、大河内政綱(政顕)は足利泰氏の臣下となったとされる。
- His son, Masatsuna (Masaaki) OKOCHI, is said to have been retained by Yasuuji ASHIKAGA.
- 本陣はそこから少し後方の六条に将軍足利義晴自らが陣をしいた。
- Shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA established headquarters in Rokujo, which was at a small distance from the river.
- 当初は36節の歌詞であったが、解決後補足され59節に及んだ。
- The song originally consisted of 36 verses but more verses were added after the case was closed, whose number resulted in 59.
- なお非参議の項は、長和以後に補足されていったとみられている。
- Note also that the entry on Hisangi is thought to have been added to sometime after the Chowa era.
- さらに8月14日に澄元が擁していた足利義澄が病死してしまう。
- Furthermore, Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA, whom Sumimoto supported, died of illness on August 14.
- なお、足軽などが戦場で使用したのは陣鎌であり別のものである。
- Meanwhile, jingama which ashigaru (a common foot soldier) used in a battlefield was quite different from kusarigama.
- 1972年、群馬県は、米の汚染は足尾銅山の鉱毒が原因と断定。
- In 1972, Gunma Prefecture concluded the polluted rice crops were due to the mining pollution from the Ashio copper mine
- 御年寄列、二千五百石、内五百石足高 渡辺新左衛門在綱(49)
- Otoshiyori line, 2500 koku, 500 out of 2500 koku tashidaka (a wage system established by the Edo bakufu) Shinzaemon Aritsuna WATANABE (49).
- 御普請奉行格、二百俵、内百四十六俵足高 松原新七直富(41)
- Fushin bugyo (shogunate administrator of activities by a community, such as cleaning or fixing stone wall) status, 200 bales, 146 out of 200 bales tashidaka Shinshichi Naotomi MATSUBARA (41).
- 1951年(昭和26年)6月 - 東山区役所山科支所が発足。
- June 1951 A ward office Yamashina Branch opened.
- 敗北した征夷大将軍足利義晴や細川高国らは京から近江国に逃れた。
- The defeated seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, Takakuni HOSOKAWA and others fled from Kyoto to Omi Province.
- 1973年までに足尾の銅は掘りつくされて閉山、公害は減少した。
- Ashio's copper mines were depleted by 1973 and closed, causing the pollution to decrease.
- 西郷は「短刀一本あれば事が足りる」旨を述べ、岩倉を勇気付ける。
- Saigo encouraged Iwakura, saying 'One short sword alone can finish it.'
- しかし、人員・物資の不足により、薩軍は当初の勢いがなくなった。
- However, the Satsuma army became to lose the initial momentum as it ran out of military personnel and materials.
- 足軽・小者が対象の場合はそれぞれ歩行目付・小者目付と呼ばれる。
- When the object of inspection were foot soldiers or komono (low-rank servants), they were respectively called hoko metsuke (inspector of foot soldiers) and komono metsuke (inspector of low-rank servants).
- 1872年には官営鉄道や汽船が発足し、国内の交通網が発達した。
- The domestic transportation system were developed due to the inauguration of the government-owned railway and steamship in 1872.
- また、越後国に渟足柵と磐舟柵を設けて、東北地方の蝦夷に備えた。
- In addition, stockades called Nutari no Ki and Iwafune no Ki were built to protect against Ezo (northerners) of the Tohoku region.
- 家系は清和源氏の一家系河内源氏の流れを汲む足利氏の一門である。
- The family line belongs to the Ashikaga clan, which is descended form the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), a branch family of the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 2007年4月1日、駅ホームに足湯「しらさぎの湯」が完成した。
- On April 1, 2007, 'Shirasagi no yu Hot Spring' (a footbath facility) was completed on the platform of the station.
- The construction of a footbath named 'Shirasagi-no-yu' on the platform was completed on April 1, 2007.
- 世木村・五ヶ荘村・胡麻郷村が合併し、日吉町 (京都府)が発足。
- Seki-mura, Gokasho-mura and Gomago-mura were merged to form Hiyoshi-cho (Kyoto Prefecture).
- この夜、三方堺の鵬翼隊二番中隊も襲われ、弾薬不足のため背進した。
- In this night, the 2nd company of the Hoyoku-tai troop in Sanpokai was also attacked and forced to retreat due to lack of ammunition.
- 武家執奏は足利尊氏が将軍に補任された暦応年間から事例が見られる。
- Several cases of bukeshisso were seen during 1338 and 1341 when Takauji ASHIKAGA was appointed as shogun.
- しかし兵糧不足に陥った日本軍は漢城を撤退し、釜山方面に集結した。
- However, the Japanese army withdrew from Hansong due to their provisions running short, and concentrated their troops in Busan and the surrounding areas.
- 島田は加賀藩の足軽として第一次長州征伐、戊辰戦争に参加している。
- Shimada was a ashigaru (common foot soldier) soldier of the Kaga Domain, fighting in the First conquest of Choshu and the Boshin Civil War.
- 足立大尉が寝込んでいたのをもっけの幸いとして金品を物色していた。
- Seeing Senior Lieutenant Adachi sound asleep, they thought it was lucky timing and searched for valuable items.
- 実際に現場に出た人足たちには扶持米を支給しなければならなかった。
- They had to provide salary rice to the laborers who actually worked at the construction sites.
- 2月19日 (旧暦)(4月3日) 平蔵、加役人足寄場取扱を拝命。
- On April 3, 1790, Heizo received an official appointment to deal with Kayakugata Ninsokuyoseba.
- 晴元とその晴元に擁立されていた将軍・足利義輝は近江国に逃亡した。
- Harumoto and the shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA who was backed up by Harumoto ran away to the Omi Province.
- しかし、幕府再興を目指す将軍・足利義輝との対立はその後も続いた。
- However, the conflicts with the shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, who aimed to restore the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) Japanese feudal government, continued.
- 徳川家創成期には弓・鉄砲足軽を編制した部隊として合戦に参加した。
- In the early Edo period, it participated in battles as a troop which organized yumi-ashigaru (foot soldiers fighting with bow) and teppo-ashigaru (foot soldiers fighting with firearms).
- 足利義満は、日明貿易の一元支配を望み、数次にわたって使節を送る。
- Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA sent an envoy to the Ming several times, in hopes of monopolizing the trade between Japan and the Ming.
- そんな中、1568年に織田信長が足利義昭を擁して上洛に成功した。
- Then, in 1568, Nobunaga ODA succeeded in entering Kyoto with Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA.
- 氏上である忌寸以上についても、補足的な氏姓の変更が行われている。
- Regarding the above Imiki that is the head of a clan, supplemental change of the clan name and hereditary title was made.
- 酉の刻(午後7時頃)、足軽飛脚による第2の急使が赤穂に到着する。
- The second message was delivered to Ako by a foot soldier and a courier at around 7 p.m.
- 斯波氏もまた、足利将軍家一門中将軍家や吉良氏に並ぶ名族であった。
- The Shiba clan, was also a noble family among the Ashikaga Shogunate family, equal to those, the Shogun family and the Kira clan.
- 1889年(明治22年)4月1日 上京区と合併して京都市が発足。
- April 1, 1889: This ward was merged with Kamigyo Ward to inaugurate Kyoto City.
- 1889年(明治22年)4月1日 下京区と合併して京都市が発足。
- April 1, 1889: This ward was merged with Shimogyo Ward to inaugurate Kyoto City.
- 1955年4月15日 - 菅谷村と七郷村が合併し、菅谷村が発足。
- April 15, 1955: Established Sugaya-mura through a merger between Sugaya-mura and Nanasato-mura
- 景虎は征夷大将軍・足利義輝に拝謁し、関東管領就任を正式に許された。
- Kagetora had an audience with Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, Seii taishogun, and got official approval of assuming the Kanto Kanrei post.
- 直前に本社からの分離独立で大映テレビが発足し多数のスタッフが異動。
- Daiei TV, which broke away from the parent company immediately before the collapse, established itself as an independent company with a large number of former Daiei staff joining the company.
- 1901年には、足尾町に隣接する松木村が煙害のために廃村となった。
- In 1901, Matsuki Village adjoining Ashio-machi was abandoned because of the damage by the smoke.
- 尊氏軍は直義軍が箱根に布陣し、尊氏は竹ノ下前面の足柄峠に布陣する。
- Regarding Takauji's army, Tadayoshi's army took up their position in Hakone and Takauji took up his position at Ashigara-toge Pass in front of Takenoshita.
- 占領各地では義兵の決起が生じ、このため武器・兵糧不足に悩まされた。
- In various occupied areas, volunteer soldiers arose and they suffered from insufficient weapons and provisions.
- が、その混乱に乗じ、京への復帰をもくろんだ前将軍足利義尹(義材)。
- However, former Shogun Yoshitada ASHIKAGA (Yoshiki) took advantage of the confusion, intending his return to Kyoto.
- その背後には、室町幕府の権威回復を謀る足利義輝などの思惑もあった。
- There was a hidden motive by Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA to restore the authority of the Muromachi bakufu.
- 都市政策としては先述の旧里帰農令に加え、人足寄場の設置などを行う。
- In the field of urban renewal, he issued the above-mentioned 'Kyurikino-rei,' established 'Ninsoku Yoseba' (the facilities to support self-sustenance of a criminal of a minor offence or a person likely to commit a crime), and took other measures as well.
- 諸大名の主たる負担は人足の提供であり、資材を供出することもあった。
- Territorial lords mainly provided laborors and sometimes supplied building materials.
- 一方、三好三人衆らは義輝の従兄弟である足利義栄(後に義栄)を擁立。
- On the other hand, Miyoshi sanninshu backed up Yoshichika (later Yoshihide), a male cousin of Yoshiteru.
- 内閣制の発足と同時にその運営について規定した内閣職権が制定された。
- The Cabinet authority which prescribed its administration was established at the same time the Cabinet system was launched.
- 千五百石、横井孫太郎父、隠居謹慎中、寄合 横井孫右衛門時足(44)
- 1500 koku Magotaro YOKOI's father, in retirement and house arrest, yoriai Magoemon Tokitari YOKOI (44).
- 義輝を擁立して、足利義輝-細川氏綱-三好長慶という体制に移行した。
- And he supported Yoshiteru, and moved into the system to govern by Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA - Ujitsuna HOSOKAWA - Nagayoshi MIYOSHI in order.
- 家氏の子孫は代々尾張国に叙任されたため、別名・尾張足利氏ともいう。
- Since the descendants of Ieuji were assigned to Owari Province for generations, the Shiba clan was also called the Owari Ashikaga clan.
- 1894年10月10日 - 富庄村・本荘村が合併し、富本村が発足。
- October 10, 1894: Tominosho-mura and Honjo-mura were merged to form Tomimoto-mura.
- 平安時代に平安京が置かれた都市で、室町時代にも足利幕府が置かれた。
- In the same city where Heian-kyo was established during the Heian period, the Ashikaga bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was placed in the Muromachi period.
- 金貨・丁銀は鎌倉時代以前の発足時はその質量によって価値が定められた。
- When gold coins and Chogin were first introduced before the Kamakura period, those values were evaluated by measuring the mass.
- しかし、足尾の山から流出する土砂が下流で堆積するのは止まらなかった。
- However, it did not stop earth and sand flowing down from the mountain of Ashio to accumulate downstream.
- 分領支配の実績は各地各様であったが、経験不足から低調な所が多かった。
- The efficiency of land allocation varied with places, but most did not work well due to the lack of experience.
- 幕藩領主は普請・掃除・交通などのために、領民に人足役を賦課していた。
- Lords in the shogunate system imposed ninsokuyaku (physical labor) for construction, cleanup and traffic on the people inhabiting a fief.
- 足立大尉は上郡駅から乗車しており、護身用の拳銃や短刀を所持していた。
- He got on the train at Kamigori station with a gun and a short sword for self defense purposes.
- しかし金本位制のため金貨不足のせいで銀貨がよく使われるようになった。
- However, this gold standard system caused gold coins to fall short of the requisite amount and silver coins came to circulate more widely instead.
- 義持の嫡男・足利義量は病弱であり、5代将軍となって間もなく死去した。
- The legitimate son of Yoshimochi, Yoshikazu ASHIKAGA, had a weak construction and died soon after he became the 5th shogun.
- 御手筒頭格、御書物奉行、二百俵、内五十俵足高 冢田愨四郎有志(61)
- Tezutsu head status, Goshomotsu bugyo (writing magistrate), 200 bales, 50 bales out of 200 tashidaka Soshiro Yushi IEDA (61).
- 1931年(昭和6年)8月1日 東海道本線神足駅(現長岡京駅)開業。
- August 1, 1931: Kotari Station (the present-day Nagaokakyo Station) on the Tokaido Main Line opened.
- '足軽隊を出した後、武藤宗右衛門やその配下の者どもが敵陣に駆け入った。
- 'After sending out ashigarutai (foot soldier units), Soemon MUTO and his subordinates rushed into the enemy line.
- 1871年(明治4年)11月15日 (旧暦)、北条県が発足。生野県廃止
- December 26, 1871: Hojo Prefecture was established and Ikuno Prefecture was abolished.
- 鉱毒ガスやそれによる酸性雨により足尾町(当時)近辺の山は禿山となった。
- The mountains in the then Ashio-machi area became barren because of the mineral poison gas and the acid rain caused by it.
- このころ、薩軍は田原方面での戦闘の激化に伴って兵力が不足してきていた。
- Around this time, the military force of the Satsuma army became insufficient due to the battle intensified in the Tabaru area.
- 幕府への寄進や寄付に応じ、足利将軍家の通り名である「義」の字を与えた。
- Depending on how much land or money the vassals donated to the Shogunate, they were granted the use of the character '義,' which the Ashikaga Shogunal family used as a part of their cognomens.
- 各種足軽(和弓・火縄銃・槍)隊、騎馬武者隊、小荷駄隊などで構成される。
- It consists of various foot soldier (Japanese bows, matchlock guns and spears) units, cavalrymen, provision transporters, and so on.
- 開戦の直前、足利義澄の擁護者であった近江六角氏において内紛が勃発した。
- Just before the outbreak of the battle, an internal conflict had occurred in the Rokkaku clan of Omi Province who supported Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA.
- 高崎市から3個中隊が足尾に派遣されたが、到着は翌2月7日午後であった。
- Three troops were sent to Ashio from Takasaki City, but their arrival was in the afternoon of the next day, February 7.
- 12月21日、西園寺内閣が正式に総辞職して第3次桂太郎内閣が発足した。
- Nevertheless, on December 21, the whole Saionji Cabinet resigned formally, and the third Cabinet of Taro KATSURA started.
- 近江朝の軍は美濃にも向かったが、指導部の足並みの乱れから前進が滞った。
- The Omi Court army headed for Mino but the advancement was stopped due to bad leadership.
- 場合によっては元の身分に復帰することもできたという(足洗い・足抜き)。
- Those who became Hinin for some reason could return to their original status in regular society if certain conditions were met (Ashi-arai ・Ashi-nuki).
- 閉ざされた窖窯の中では酸素の供給が不足するが、高熱によって燃焼が進む。
- Although the oxygen supply runs short in a closed Anagama kiln, the firing proceeds by high temperature.
- 錦織奉行格、表御番、二百五十俵、内百八十俵足高 安井長十郎秀親(52)
- Nishikiori bugyo (magistrate) status, Omotegoban, 250 bales, 180 out of 250 bales tashidaka Chojuro Hidechika YASUI (52).
- 1941年4月30日に発足。後に東郷茂徳、小林一三なども加入している。
- The group was formed on April 30, 1941 and later on, Sigenori TOGO and Kazumi KOBAYASHI also joined the group.
- 最上氏(もがみし)は、清和源氏の足利氏の一族である管領の斯波氏の分家。
- The Mogami clan was a branch family of the Shiba clan (kanrei [shogunal deputy]) that belonged to the same family of the Ashikaga clan of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 1987年9月12日、京都仏教会より分離した京都府仏教連合会が発足した。
- September 12, 1987: The Kyoto-fu Bukkyo Rengokai (Kyoto Prefecture Buddhism Association) was launched as a result of being separated from the Kyoto Buddhist Organization.
- 煙害に困った足尾町赤倉地区の住民が1920年に煙害問題安定期成会を結成。
- The residents in Akakura area of Ashio-machi which damaged by air pollution by the mines' smoke formed the air pollution committee in 1920.
- 当時の作法では切腹は士分の者にしか許されず、足軽は斬首と定められていた。
- The custom at that time was that only people of Shibun were allowed Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) and Zanshu (beheading) was for Ashigaru upon execution.
- 赤穂四十七士のうち寺坂吉右衛門ただ一人は士分を有さない足軽身分であった。
- Among the 47 Akaho warriors, only Kichiemon TERASAKA was not Shibun but Ashigaru class.
- 鎌倉を脱出した高氏の嫡子である千寿王(足利義詮)と合流、鎌倉街道を進む。
- Joining up with the forces of Takauji's heir Senjuo (later, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA), Yoshisada's forces advanced on the Kamakura-kaido Road.
- 江戸時代には一つの備に二組の鉄砲組が配される様になり、足軽の主力となる。
- During the Edo period, there were two teppo gumi placed within one sonae, and they became the principal force of the foot soldiers.
- ここで足立大尉一人だけが乗車していた二等客車を確認して2人は乗り込んだ。
- They saw the 2nd grade compartment where Senior Lieutenant Adachi was only the passenger, and got on the train.
- 神域は裸足で参拝しなければならないとの慣わしが現在も厳しく守られている。
- Even now, a custom in which people have to be barefoot to visit the holly precincts of the shrine is strictly observed.
- 発足当時200名だった会員は、翌年には2000名を超える会員を獲得した。
- The number of its member was 200 when it was established, but it was over 2,000 in the following year.
- だが海外流出などで金不足が深刻化しており、兌換制度を止める必要があった。
- However, a gold shortage, caused mainly by the outflow, became a serious problem and the conversion system had to be stopped.
- 1885年(明治18年)に太政官制度が廃止され内閣_(日本)制度が発足。
- The System of Great Council of State was abolished and the Cabinet system (Japan) was established in 1885.
- 4月3日、県は毛里田地区の土壌汚染についても足尾銅山の鉱毒が原因と断定。
- On April 3, the prefecture concluded the contaminated soil in Morita area was also due to the mining pollution from the Ashio copper mine.
- 足利義稙が放生津に滞在したことを背景に、飯尾宗祇ら連歌師などが来遊した。
- Renga (linked-verse) poets and so on including Sogi IO came over in consideration of Yoshitane ASHIKAGA's stay at Hojozu.
- 伊勢貞親は8代将軍足利義政の教育係を務め、政治にも大きな影響力を持った。
- Sadachika ISE served as a tutor to the eighth Shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, which resulted in a significant influence over politics as well.
- 足利家の内紛から発展した観応の擾乱では尊氏方に就いた氏綱が武功を上げた。
- In the Kanno Disturbance developed from the internal conflict of the Ashikaga family, Ujitsuna on the Takauji side rendered distinguished military service.
- 系譜によれば足利将軍家に直臣として仕え、のちに三河国に移住したとされる。
- According to a genealogical record, they served as the direct vassals of the Ashikaga Shogun family, and later moved to Mikawa Province.
- また、信孝の嫡子上野清信は、足利義昭の重臣として、歴史に名を記している。
- Kiyonobu UENO, a legitimate child of Nobutaka, is historically remembered as Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA's chief retainer.
- 1929年4月1日 - 園部町・園部村・桐ノ庄村が合併し、園部町が発足。
- April 1, 1929: Sonobe-cho, Sonobe-mura and Kirinosho-mura were merged to form Sonobe-cho.
- 義尚の後を継いだ足利義稙も、延徳3年(1491年)に再び高頼討伐を行った。
- Yoshitane ASHIKAGA who succeeded to Yoshihisa also started to suppress Takayori again in 1491.
- フランス人教官の不足から、伝習隊の一部は日本人教官による指導を受けていた。
- Some soldiers of Denshutai received trainings from Japanese instructors due to shortage of French instructors.
- 先手とは先陣・先鋒という意味であり、戦闘時には徳川氏の先鋒足軽隊を勤めた。
- Sakite meant van or spearhead, and served as ashigaru-tai (foot soldier units) of the spearhead of TOKUGAWA clan in battles.
- 「多田行綱は山の手を攻略し、合戦は2時間足らずで終わり、平氏は敗走した。」
- 'Yukitsuna TADA captured the hilly section of the city, the battle ended in a little less than two hours, and the Taira clan retreated.'
- 応永23年10月2日の戌の刻頃、足利満隆が御所近くの宝寿院に入り挙兵した。
- On October 31, 1416 around Dog Time (8:00 - 10:00 pm), Mitsutaka ASHIKAGA entered Hoju-in Temple near Kamakura Gosho (Mochiuji's residence) and took up arms.
- この際に足軽の寺坂吉右衛門が立ち退いており、赤穂浪士は46人となっていた。
- At this point, foot soldier Kichiemon TERASAKA departed from the group and there were 46 Ako Roshi left.
- 1978年9月 「関西学術研究都市調査懇談会」(通称・奥田懇談会)が発足。
- September, 1978: 'Kansai Science City Surveillance Conversazione' (so-called Okuda Conversazione) was inaugurated.
- 1955年4月20日 - 園部町・摩気村・西本梅村が合併し、園部町が発足。
- April 20, 1955: Sonobe-cho, Make-mura and Nishihonme-mura were merged to form Sonobe-cho.
- 1573年 足利義昭、宇治の槙島城にて挙兵するも失敗、織田信長に追放される
- 1573: Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA attempted to raise an army in Makishima-jo Castle in Uji, but failed; he was expelled by Nobunaga ODA.
- 鉄道院発足直後の1910年(明治43年)は、1両の機関車も製造されていない。
- In 1910, right after the inauguration of the Tetsudoin, not a single locomotive was produced.
- また、編者・成立年代は、本書伝来の事情や、史料的不足により明らかではないが、
- The editor and the year of establishment are unknown due to the circumstances of the transmission of this book and insufficient historical information.
- その上、堺に鎮座していた足利義維の四国追放も重なって堺公方も消滅させている。
- Besides, Yoshitsuna ASHIKAGA, who had dwelled in Sakai City, was banished to Shikoku, and consequently Sakaikubo (the municipal government based in Sakai City) perished.
- 吉宗は米価対策の他にも目安箱の設置、足高制による人材抜擢制度の整備を行った。
- Also, he set a complaints box for the public, and introduced meritocracy by adopting 'Ashidaka system' (the system which took talented people into bakufu, who had been unable to assume the important posts until then owing to their low stipends).
- 宝亀元年(770年) 蝦夷の宇漢迷公宇屈波宇賊地に逃げ帰り、道嶋嶋足ら派遣。
- In 770, when Ukuhau, the Lord Ukame of the Emishi, ran back to his homeplace, MICHISHIMA no Shimatari was dispatched to pursue him.
- 忍刀の鍔は大き目で角張っており、ここに足をかけて踏み台代わりにも使用された。
- The sword guard of Shinobigatana is large and angular, and it was used as an alternative of a ladder to put foot on it.
- 2月20日、桂内閣は発足よりわずか53日で総辞職、「五十日内閣」と呼ばれた。
- On February 20, the Katsura Cabinet was forced to resign en masse in just a brief period of 53 days from its start, so it was called '50 days' Cabinet.'
- また雲但伊達氏や駿河伊達氏は足利方であった事がこの時代の各史料に見て取れる。
- According to historical records written in this period, the 雲但 Date clan and the Suruga Date clan were taking the side of the Ashikaga clan.
- 頼遠の甥)が継ぐと、合戦では尊氏・足利義詮に味方し、たびたびの戦功を挙げた。
- After the succession of Shugoshiki, Yoriyasu sided with Takauji and Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, and often renderd distinguished war services.
- 美濃に強い地盤を持つ土岐氏は足利征夷大将軍を支える有力な武士団となっていた。
- With its strong foothold in Mino Province, the Toki clan became a powerful samurai group who supported the Shogun of the Ashikaga Shogunate.
- 1392年(元中9年/明徳3年) 足利義満、大山崎に守護不入の権限を与える。
- 1392: Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA gave Oyamazaki the right to prohibit the Shugo (provincial constable) from entering the territory.
- 2005年10月11日 - 丹波町・和知町・瑞穂町が合併し、京丹波町が発足。
- October 11, 2005: Tanba-cho, Wachi-cho and Mizuho-cho were merged to form Kyotanba-cho.
- 義光は足利軍の将として湊川の戦いに参戦、比叡山坂本の合戦において討ち死にした。
- Yoshimitsu participated in the Battle of Minatogawa as a leader of the Ashikaga army and was killled in the Battle of Hieizan Sakamoto.
- 右翼隊の左縦隊は官軍を岩崎原から葛原山に退けたが、中央隊は弾薬不足で退却した。
- The left column of the right flank drove the government army out of Iwasakihara to Mt. Kuzuhara, whereas the center troop retreated due to the lack of ammunition.
- さらに、共に私的な満足のための死であり、世の文明の役には立たないと論じている。
- Moreover, he discussed that both died to satisfy their own demands, not helping civilization to progress.
- さらに追撃しようとしたが弾薬が不足していたこともあり、米良の西八重に退却した。
- The company tried to chase the government army, but due to lack of ammunition, it retreated to Nishihae in Mera.
- そして、鎮圧した武士たちが、勲功をもとに満足のいく恩賞を獲得することとなった。
- The samurai who suppressed the rebels were rewarded sufficiently based on their achievements.
- 主人公の男性狭衣大将の追い求めて充足されない恋の遍歴が情感豊かに描かれている。
- The love history of the story's main man character, Sagoromo no taisho who is never satisfied with love, is emotionally depicted.
- 上記のように幕末期以来大量の金が国外に流出していたため、金準備が不足していた。
- As mentioned above, gold was insufficient because a lot of gold had flowed outside the country since the end of the Edo period.
- 幕府からの運営資金が不足したため、平蔵は幕府から資金を借りて銭相場に投資した。
- Since Ninsokuyoseba lacked a funding from the Shogunate, Heizo borrowed a funding from the Shogunate to invest in the exchange market.
- 足かけ二年で停刊した『明六雑誌』であったが、その残したものは小さくはなかった。
- Although 'Meiroku Zasshi' suspended issue after almost two years, it achieved not-so-small performance.
- 足利義詮を京都に残し、仁木頼章・仁木義長・畠山国清らを伴って東海道を東進した。
- He left Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA in Kyoto, and took the Tokai-do Road eastward with Yoriaki NIKI, Yoshinaga NIKI, and Kunikiyo HATAKEYAMA.
- 前関東管領である上杉禅秀(禅秀)が鎌倉公方の足利持氏に対して起した反乱である。
- It was a rebellion against Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo (governor-general of the Kanto region) instigated by Ujinori (a.k.a Zenshu) UESUGI, former Kanto kanrei (assistant to Kamakura kubo).
- 標符はあまりにも急進的な試みであったため、2年足らずで廃止、乳井貢も失脚した。
- Because introducing hyofu was too radical, it was abolished less than two years later and as a result, Mitsugi NYUI lost his position.
- 備中国:鴨方藩、生坂藩、庭瀬藩、足守藩、浅尾藩、岡田藩、高梁藩、成羽藩、新見藩
- Bicchu Province: Domains of Kamogata, Ikusaka, Niwase, Ashimori, Asao, Okada, Takahashi, Nariwa, and Niimi
- 1942年(昭和17年)4月1日 - 笠取村・宇治村が合併し、東宇治町が発足。
- April 1, 1942: Kasatori and Uji Villages joined together and formed Higashi Uji Town (Eastern Uji Town)
- 義弁の孫上野頼兼は、足利尊氏が鎌倉幕府に反旗を翻し挙兵した際には従軍している。
- When Takauji ASHIKAGA raised an army against the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Yorikane UENO, a grandson of 上野義弁, sided with him.
- 明治新政府は発足当初から公議を標榜し、その具体的方策としての国是を模索していた。
- From the beginning of inauguration, the New Meiji Government advocated fair discussion and sought national policy as the concrete measure.
- これは三好政権の混乱の一因となり、足利義昭を擁立する織田信長を利する結果となる。
- This became a factor of confusion in the Miyoshi regime, eventually working in the interests of Nobunaga ODA who supported Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA.
- こうした状況が、後に足利義満による王権侵奪(室町将軍の日本国王化)へと発展した。
- Such situations developed into a decline in Imperial sovereignty (the transformation of the shogun into the King of Japan) of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- しかし、1958年5月30日、足尾町オットセイ岩付近にある源五郎沢堆積場が崩壊。
- However, on May 30, 1958, in Ashio-machi, the Gengorozawa accumulation site near Ottosei-iwa collapsed.
- 特に、ソマリア・スーダン・エチオピアなどの後発開発途上国の食糧不足は深刻である。
- The deficiency of food is serious especially in the least developed countries such as Somalia, Sudan, and Ethiopia.
- 農民らによれば、土足で本堂に上がりこむなど、警官側が乱暴をはたらいたとしている。
- Peasants said the police were very rude and entered the temple with their shoes on.
- この他、足摺岬、室戸岬、ひたちなか市などでも補陀落渡海が行われたとの記録がある。
- In addition to this, there are written records of the practices of fudaraku-tokai having been performed in Ashizuri-misaki Cape, Muroto-misaki Cape, Hitachinaka City and so on.
- 佐渡金山へ水替人足が送られるようになったのは安永6年(1777年)のことである。
- The first time drainage laborers were sent to Sado gold mine was in 1777.
- しかし、範頼は鎌倉へ帰還したため、生田口での合戦の情報が不足したというのである。
- However, Noriyori returned to Kamakura, so Kazunori HISHINUMA concluded that there was a lack of information on the Ikuta fortress entrance.
- また陸軍用と水軍用があり、陸軍用は柄が長く、相手が乗馬時に馬の足を斬る為に長い。
- Moreover, there are naginata used by the Army and the Marines; the one used by the Army has a long shaft in order to cut horse legs while an enemy is still on the horse.
- 過去最高の174議席を抱えて迎えた1924年、清浦奎吾による清浦内閣が発足した。
- In 1924, with the record number of 174 seats occupied by members of Kenkyukai, KIYOURA Cabinet led by Keigo KIYOURA was born.
- これは藤原不比等が、父親である藤原鎌足の功績を高く評価させたためとも考えられる。
- This may be because FUJIWARA no Fuhito let people esteem the achievements of his father, FUJIWARA no Kamatari.
- しかしながら現在は産業構造の変化や、慢性的な土地不足のため経済は停滞気味である。
- However, now economy has been sluggish because Maizuru suffers from a change in industrial structures and chronic shortages in usable land.
- 1954年(昭和29年)10月1日 - 佐山村・御牧村が合併し、久御山町が発足。
- October 1, 1954: Sayama-mura and Mimaki-mura were merged to form Kumiyama-cho.
- この間の萩原堤での戦いのとき協同隊の宮崎八郎が戦死し、別府晋介が足に重傷を負った。
- In the fight at the Hagiwara bank in this battle, Hachiro MIYAZAKI of the combined troop was killed and Shinsuke BEPPU had his legs injured seriously.
- 開拓使の発足当時、中央政府の財政基盤は弱く、北海道の全域を統治する余力はなかった。
- When the Hokkaido Development Commission was first inaugurated, the financial base of the central government was weak and could not afford to govern the entire Hokkaido.
- 室町幕府第3代征夷大将軍足利義満が就任して最初の評定始の際に定められた法令である。
- Jisha honjoryo no koto was formulated at the first hyojohajime (a ceremony within the bakufu conducted at the first held conference gathering of government officials on New Year's day or at the inauguration of a new shogun) after the inauguration of the third Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- 足立大尉は病気療養をしていた鳥取県の帰省先から勤務地である福岡県に戻る途中だった。
- After receiving medical treatment in his hometown, Tottori Prefecture, he was on his way back to Fukuoka Prefecture where he worked.
- おかげで学生らが団体で連日、鉱毒被害地や足尾銅山の見学をするなど、世論は沸騰した。
- People showed strong interest in this problem and groups of students visited the poisoned area and the Ashio Mine.
- 9月27日、今川勢は持氏方の軍勢を撃破して足柄山を越え、上杉持房も箱根の陣を破る。
- On October 25, the Imagawa side defeated Mochiuji' troops and crossed over Mt. Ashigara, while Mochifusa UESUGI also beat the camp settled in Hakone.
- また、諸藩においても藩直属の足軽階級の正式名称を同心としているところも少なくない。
- Also, a lot of domains officially named ashigaru-level soldier (common foot soldier) under the direct control of the domain as doshin.
- 1409年(応永16)に第三代足利満兼が死去すると満兼の子の持氏が新公方となった。
- In 1409 the third shogun Mitsukane ASHIKAGA died, and Mochiuji, his child, became the new kubo.
- 都には小さな川は流れているが、人口10万人を抱えていた当時、常に水が不足していた。
- Although there were a few streams running down the city, it was not enough to support a population of 100,000.
- 又、「坂東の大学」と謳われた足利学校の歴代校長の墓石も、筆の穂先の形になっている。
- The tombstones of successive principals of Ashikaga school, known as the 'university of the Bando (old Kanto region),' are also shaped like brush tips.
- 一条家以外の各家で若年の当主が相次ぎ、満足な運営が出来ない状況に陥ったからである。
- As young family heads appeared in succession in all the families, except the Ichijo family, it became impossible to manage the Court in a successful manner.
- その学術人類館に「展示」される予定だったのは、阿片吸引の男性と纏足の女性であった。
- A man taking opium and a woman with bound feet were to be displayed at Gakujutsu-Jinrui Pavilion.
- 下野国:大田原藩、黒羽藩、烏山藩、茂木藩、宇都宮藩、壬生藩、吹上藩、佐野藩、足利藩
- Shimotsuke Province: Domains of Otawara, Kurobane, Karasuyama, Mogi, Utsunomiya, Mibu, Fukiage, Sano and Ashikaga
- 伊勢氏は武家の礼儀作法を司り、代々室町幕府の足利将軍家の嫡男に作法等を教えていた。
- The Ise clan took charge of civility and rules of etiquette of samurai families, and the clan taught the art of manners to the legitimate sons of the Ashikaga Shogunal family for generation after generation during the Muromachi bakufu period.
- また、庶流の小笠原元続は将軍足利義澄の死去後に幕府を離れ、縁戚の後北条氏を頼った。
- Also Mototsugu OGASAWARA from a branch line left bakufu after the death of Shogun Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA and turned to his relatives, the Gohojo clan.
- 大福光寺足利尊氏建立の本堂、三重の塔、方丈記の最古の写本(国宝)等、重要文化財多数
- The main building of Daifukuko-ji Temple built by Takauji ASHIKAGA, Sanju no To (Triplet Tower), and the oldest manuscript of Hojoki (An Account of My Hut) (National Treasure) and many valuable cultural assets.
- 浴場には2つの泉源から導入された浴槽が隣接しており、片足ずつまたがることができる。
- Two bath tubs of water from different sources are laid out so close to each other that you can put the right foot in one and the left foot in the other.
- 1889年4月1日 - 町村制施行に伴い、比企郡菅谷村・七郷村 (埼玉県)が発足。
- April 1, 1889: Established Sugaya-mura and Nanasato-mura in Hiki-gun in association with the enforcement of the municipal system
- 明治中央官制の改革は明治17年(1885年)の内閣制度発足をもってようやく安定する。
- The reform of the organization of the central government was finally settled by the inauguration of the cabinet system in 1885.
- 永禄11年(1568年)9月、織田信長が足利義昭を擁して大軍を率い、上洛を果たした。
- In September (in the old calendar) of 1568, Nobunaga ODA achieved making his big forces enter Kyoto, supporting Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA.
- その後岡豊城で一領具足を交えて軍議を開き、その結果阿波の完全制圧を目指す事となった。
- After that, having a council of war including ichiryo gusoku, the self-made rural samurai, they aimed to take complete control of Awa Province.
- 1871年(明治4年)7月14日:廃藩置県により宮津藩(7万石)が宮津県として発足。
- July 14, 1871: Under the policy of Haihan-chiken, Miyazu Domain (70,000 koku) was reorganized as Miyazu Prefecture.
- 1868年(慶応4年)閏4月28日 (旧暦)、旧久美浜支配地を統括する久美浜県が発足
- June 18, 1868: Kumihama Prefecture was established to rule the former Kumihama dominated area.
- 中央下部に埋め金があり、譲葉金などの判金に足し金して量目を調整したものと考えられる。
- For the trace of additional gold at the middle of the bottom, it is considered that craftsmen added some gold to the past current coin which has been called Yuzuriha Kin (the shape and the period in which it was minted are unknown) to adjust its weight.
- 永享11年(1439年)の永享の乱では、長年対立していた関東公方足利持氏を滅ぼした。
- In the Eikyo War in 1439, he destroyed Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kanto-kubo, against whom he had conflicts for a long time.
- しかし朝鮮における経済開発は主として日本の工業化と食糧不足を補完する目的で行われた。
- However, the economic development in Korea was promoted mainly in order to support industrialization and food shortage in Japan.
- 当時銅は日本の主要輸出品のひとつであり、全国の産出量の1/4は足尾銅山が占めていた。
- At that time, copper was one of Japan's major exports with 1/4 of the national output coming from Ashio copper mine.
- 殿中御掟(でんちゅうおんおきて)とは、織田信長が将軍・足利義昭に承認させた掟である。
- Denchu on okite was a set of regulations Nobunaga ODA made Shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA accept.
- 高国・義興は一時は劣勢に追い込まれ、将軍足利義稙を擁して丹波国に撤退余儀なくされる。
- Takakuni and Yoshioki were temporarily cornered with inferior numbers and forced to withdraw to Tanba Province with shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA.
- 騎馬隊の任務は足軽隊の戦闘で手薄になった箇所への突撃・突破とそれに対する逆襲である。
- The task of the cavalry was to attack and penetrate through the areas where fighting by the foot soldiers became sparse, and also to counterattack in such cases.
- 当時中国では銀が不足していたため、朱印船の主要な交易相手である中国商人は銀を欲した。
- There was a shortage of silver in China during that period, and Chinese merchants, who were the main trading partners of Shuinsen desired silver.
- 同年8月2日には第11代将軍・足利義澄に対して細川氏の家督継承を承認させたのである。
- On August second, he had an approval of the eleventh Shogun Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA to succeed the HOSOKAWA clan.
- 同年6月には別子銅山でも暴動が起きているが、足尾暴動事件が飛び火したものといわれる。
- In June on the same year, a riot occurred in Besshi Copper Mine, and it is said to had been spilled over from Ashio Riot.
- 足利義満はこれに応じ日本国王に封じられ勘合符を使用して独占的に貿易を行うようになる。
- Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA responded to this demand, was appointed King of Japan and started to monopolize the trade with Ming using Kangofu (certificate to show that a ship was lawfully registered by Ming).
- 「今日其表、村押之様體、一段可然候、殊会津江之状使其他二三人討捕、験越候、満足ニ候。
- Today, I confirmed that you conquered villages and killed an Uesugi's messenger to Aizu and another couple of people, and I was satisfied with that.
- 囲いの外に出して土木作業をさせると「公儀の御人足だ」と称して周辺の百姓達を困らせる。
- When they were made to do construction work outside the walls, they annoyed peasants by calling themselves 'laborers for the Shogunate.'
- 一方、将軍・足利義高(後に義澄と改名)を擁立して覇権を掌握した政元にも問題があった。
- On the other hand, Masamoto who obtained hegemony by installing Yoshitaka ASHIKAGA (later changed his name to Yoshizumi) as shogun, also had a problem.
- しかし一方では義持の弟の足利義嗣が出奔する事件が起こり、義嗣は捕縛されて幽閉される。
- There was the incident of Yoshitsugu ASHIKAGA, who was the younger brother of Yoshimochi, running away and leading to Yoshitsugu's capture and confinement.
- 藩札発行の目的は、自領内の貨幣の不足を補い、通貨量の調整機能を担わせることであった。
- The purposes of issuing han bills were to supplement coins in times of shortages and to adjust the amount of coins in circulation within territories.
- 原敬と高橋是清によって政党内閣による政治が行なわれたが、それも4年足らずで終わった。
- The government based on political parties led by Takashi HARA and Korekiyo TAKAHASHI had a very short life of less than four years.
- 1985年9月 関係省庁による、「関西文化学術研究都市関係省庁連絡調整会議」が発足。
- September, 1985: 'The liaison and adjustment meeting of the ministries concerned with Kansai Science City' by the ministries concerned was inaugurated.
- 1931年(昭和6年)10月1日 - 狛田村・祝園村・稲田村が合併し、川西村が発足。
- October 1, 1931: Komada-mura, Hosono-mura, and Inada-mura were merged to form Kawanishi-mura.
- また、朝鮮の役で出陣した忠恒らの遠征軍に対して、国元からの補給が満足に行われなかった。
- Moreover, the domain failed in sending sufficient supplies to the troops that Tadatsune led during the Korean invasion.
- 両組合は、賠償請求額を算出するためにそれぞれ独自にたびたび足尾の現地視察などを行った。
- Those two unions often carried out on-the-spot investigation in Ashio to calculate the compensation.
- しかしながら、それ以前と比べるならば、選挙による地方議会が発足したことには意義がある。
- However, when compared with the past, it is significant that a local assembly was launched by election.
- しかし、エルトゥールル号は出港以来蓄積した艦の老朽や物資・資金不足は限界に達していた。
- However, the damage to the hull and commodity and financial shortage of the Ertuğrul had piled up so much since her departure that it was now nearly impossible for her to sail back.
- 代わって元禄年間に産出が隆盛を極めたのが足尾銅山および別子銅山からの銅の産出であった。
- In place of it, it was the production of bronze at Ashiodozan Copper Mine and Besshidozan Copper Mine that was in its prime in Genroku era.
- 番士は持ち高勤め(足高制による補填がない)であるがだいたい200石高の旗本が就任した。
- The hatamoto with a fief of about 200 koku was installed as banshi, although the installation to banshi was decided by the amount of his fief (the shortfall was not covered by the ashidakasei [a wage system that guaranteed standardized compensation by the Tokugawa bakufu officials]).
- 必然的にヤクザ、テキヤの親分が目明しになることも多く、これを「二足のわらじ」と称した。
- Many bosses of gangsters and stallkeepers inevitably became Meakashi, which was called 'Nisoku no waraji' (to have one's fingers in two pies).
- 松田氏(まつだし)は相模国足柄上郡松田郷に発祥した藤原秀郷流波多野氏一族の氏族である。
- The Matsuda clan was a clan of the Hatano family, FUJIWARA no Hidesato house, originated in Matsuda-go in Ashigarakami County, Sagami Province.
- ただし当初は足利氏を称しており、斯波を名字とするのは室町時代となってからのことである。
- However, it initially called itself the Ashikaga clan and it wasn't until the Muromachi period that it started to use Shiba for its family name.
- 1483年には伊達成宗が上洛し将軍足利義政、日野富子らに砂金、太刀、ウマなどを献じた。
- In 1483, Shigemune DATE visited the capital to present gold dust, swords and horses to then-shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, and his lawful wife, Tomiko HINO.
- 観応の擾乱に際して、範国の嫡男今川範氏は足利尊氏方に属して功を立て、駿河守護職を継承。
- At the time of Kanno Disturbance, Noriuji IMAGAWA, a legitimate son of Norikuni, sided with Takauji ASHIKAGA, distinguished himself on the fields of battles and succeeded to the military governor of Suruga.
- やがて江戸の人口が増えて来るとこれだけでは供給し切れなくなり、水不足が深刻になって来た。
- As a population of Edo grew larger, these two systems could no longer supply enough water to the populace, and the city faced serious water shortages.
- 1871年(明治4年)7月14日:廃藩置県により峰山藩(1.1万石)が峰山県として発足。
- July 14, 1871: Mineyama Domain was inaugurated as Mineyama Prefecture through Haihan-chiken.
- 一揆勢は熊野川で敗退し、浅野勢の奥熊野侵攻によって二十日足らずで鎮圧された(北山一揆)。
- The army of the riot was defeated at the Kumano-gawa River and was suppressed in less than 20 days (Kitayama Ikki).
- あと一歩のところで奪還するところであったが、官軍の増援と弾薬の不足により兵を引き揚げた。
- Although almost having come to take back the place, the troops withdrew due to reinforcements of the government army and their lack of ammunition.
- また足軽の下位には士分の者に私的に雇用された中間、小者等と呼称された武家奉公人があった。
- Below the Ashigaru class were servants of a bushi family called Chugen (rank below common soldier), Komono (a lower servant) who were privately hired by Shibun.
- 動員された駄馬と人夫(陣夫・夫丸ともいう)を荷宰料(足軽)、小荷駄奉行(侍)が管理する。
- Mobilized horses and laborers (also called jinpu or 夫丸) were managed by 荷宰料 (person in charge of provision delivery) (ashigaru) and konida bugyo (samurai).
- このため天長3年当時、多数ある親王家を維持する財源と親王に充てるべき官職が不足していた。
- As a result, the government faced, in 826, a financial problem in supporting many Imperial Prince's families as well as the shortage of posts to be allocated to Imperial Princes.
- 鉄道業等の陸上輸送事業は、1942年(昭和17年)3月に京福電気鉄道として分離発足した。
- The land transportation business, such as the railway business, was started separately with the foundation of Keifuku Electric Railroad in March 1942.
- 大化3年(647年)、渟足柵が現在の新潟市沼垂付近に設置されたのが記録に残る初見である。
- The Nutari no Ki located about present-day Nutari, Niigata City in 647 is the first josaku ever recorded.
- 1906年1月7日、桂太郎に替わって西園寺公望が首相に就任、第1次西園寺内閣が発足した。
- On January 7, 1906 Kinmochi SAIONJI became prime minister, replacing Taro KATSURA, and the first Saionji Cabinet was started.
- 一方の岩永もあわてた為か足立大尉の金品を奪わないまま、列車から飛び降りて鴨方駅に戻った。
- Iwanaga also panicked, jumped off the running train, and returned to Kamogata station without stealing any valuable items of Senior Lieutenant Adachi.
- 彼らは小荷駄奉行の宮崎内蔵助や足軽・人足等多数を討取り、兵糧を奪って梁川城へ引き上げた。
- They returned to the Yanagawa-jo Castle after they killed many soldiers including Kuranosuke MIYAZAKI (宮崎内蔵助), konida bugyo (the magistrate of transporting army provisions), foot soldiers and ninsoku (coolies) to rob them of foods.
- 江戸城下町建設のために、千石夫(役高1000石につき1人の人足)を徴発したことに始まる。
- It started with the requisition of Sengokufu (one laborer per yakudaka (salary paid in accordance with the rank of one's post) of 1000 koku (approximately 278 cubic meters of crop yields)) for the construction of the castle town of Edo-jo Castle.
- 人足寄場の設置以前には、無宿の隔離及び更生政策として佐渡金山への水替人足の制度があった。
- Before the set-up of the Ninsokuyoseba, there used to be a system called Mizukaeninsoku (Laborers for Water Drainage) of Sado Gold Mine, which was designed to isolate and rehabilitate the homeless.
- それを、徳山藩の山回り足軽である伊沢里右衛門と久助が見つけて咎めたのが事件の発端である。
- Spotting the scene, Riuemon IZAWA and Kyusuke, both ashigaru (a common foot soldier) of the Tokuyama clan who were patrolling the mountain area, blamed the conduct, which led to the incident.
- 江戸時代に体制教学であった朱子学は人間の欲望充足・利害への関心に厳しい抑制を求めていた。
- Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism), a system teaching and learning in the Edo period, required severe restraint against people's satisfaction of desires and interests.
- 2004年、桐生市議会は、足尾町の中才浄水場に自動取水機の設置を求める要望書を採択した。
- In 2004, Kiryu City Council adopted a petition demanding the installment of an automated water intake unit in the Nakasai water treatment plant in Ashio-machi.
- しかし足利義昭が織田信長とともに上洛してくると、貞良の子である貞為と貞興は幕府に仕える。
- However, when Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA and Nobunaga ODA went to Kyoto together, Sadayoshi's children, Sadatame and Sadaoki served as bailiffs.
- 反細川派の勢力を結集し、3代将軍足利義満に頼之の罷免を求める康暦の政変で再び管領となる。
- Yoshimasa became a Kanrei again after the Koryaku Coup in which the anti-Hosokawa faction was gathered together and the third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was asked to dismiss Yoriyuki.
- まず穀物が朝鮮から大量輸出されるようになり、国内において深刻な米不足米価騰貴をもたらした。
- First of all, as a large amount of grain was exported from Korea, it brought about a serious rice shortage and the price of rice soared domestically in Korea.
- 1896年には群馬県議会が足尾銅山の操業停止を求める議決(『鉱毒ノ儀ニ付建議』)を行った。
- In 1896, Gunma Prefectural Assembly decided to demand Ashio copper mine to close down operations ('The Proposal for the Issue of the Mining Pollution').
- 永正5年(1508年)4月、澄元や11代将軍足利義澄は相次いで近江に逃れ、高国が入京した。
- In May of 1508, Sumimoto and the eleventh shogun Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA fled to Omi one after the other and Takakuni entered the capital.
- 徒士(下士)は公的に騎乗を認められない下層武士であり、卒は歩卒を原義としており足軽を指す。
- Kachi (Kashi) were lower class bushi who were not officially allowed to ride horses, and Sotsu were in principle foot soldiers, and this was the term for Ashigaru (common foot soldier).
- 当時、大宰府管内では不作が続いて税収不足に陥り、さらに疫病により百姓らの困窮が著しかった。
- In those days, in Dazaifu, continuous lean harvest resulted in tax revenue shortfalls and farmers had an even harder time due to diseases.
- 湊川の戦い後、比叡山に逃れた後醍醐天皇は京に入った足利尊氏との間で和議の交渉を進めていた。
- Defeated in the Battle of Minato-gawa River, Emperor Godaigo fled to Mt. Hiei and had negotiations for peace with Takauji ASHIKAGA who entered Kyoto.
- 百姓・町人の間での身分移動は比較的容易であり、武士の下層(足軽)との身分移動も多くあった。
- Status was relatively flexible between peasants and townsmen, with status mobility also existing between those classes and low-ranking samurai (ashigaru (foot soldier)).
- 寛政元年(1789年) 火付盗賊改方長官・長谷川宣以が老中・松平定信に人足寄場設置を建言。
- In 1789, Nobutame HASEGAWA, Director for Hitsuke Tozoku Aratame-kata (Investigative Division for Arson and Organized Robbery), proposed the establishment of Ninsokuyoseba to Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, Roju (Seniour Councilor).
- 明治維新後、明治政府は財政不足を補うために太政官札・民部省札などの不換紙幣を発行し続けた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the Meiji government continued to issue non-convertible paper money such as Dajokan-satsu (notes of the Great Council of State) or Minbusho-satsu (Civil Department notes) to compensate for the lack of financial resources.
- 憲実は持氏の助命と持氏の嫡子足利義久の関東公方就任を嘆願するが、義教は許さず討伐を命じた。
- Although Norizane asked for Mochiuji's life and assumption of his legitimate son Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA to Kanto Kubo, Yoshinori did not accept it and ordered to hunt down and kill him.
- 東京府、神奈川県、埼玉県、熊谷県、千葉県、足柄県、新治県、茨城県、栃木県、宇都宮県、山梨県
- Tokyo Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, Saitama Prefecture, Kumagaya Prefecture, Chiba Prefecture, Ashigara Prefecture, Nihari Prefecture, Ibaraki Prefecture, Tochigi Prefecture, Utsunomiya Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture
- 縄の先に鉄鉤のついた道具で、足がかりの無いがけを登る時、橋のない谷を渡る時などに使用する。
- Kaginawa is a tool which is a grappling iron hook affixed to the tip of a rope and it is used when climbing a cliff without a toehold or crossing a valley without a bridge.
- しかし、直ちに近衛兵令外官の少尉坂上苅田麻呂と将曹牡鹿嶋足が出動して、訓儒麻呂を射殺した。
- However, Shojo (junior lieutenant) SAKANOUE no Karitamaro, who was imperial guard Ryoge no kan, and Shoso (secretary of the headquarters of the inner palace guards) OSHIKA no Shimatari both were sent and shot Kusumaro to death.
- 天正4年(1576年)春、顕如は毛利氏に庇護されていた将軍足利義昭と与して三たび挙兵した。
- In the spring of 1576, Kennyo raised an army for the third time in cooperation with Shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, who was taken up by the Mori clan.
- しかし義顕は自決し、義貞自身も越前国金ヶ崎城で足利方の斯波高経に敗れ、同国藤島で戦死する。
- However, Yoshiaki committed suicide, and Yoshisada himself was defeated at Kanegasaki-jo Castle, Echizen Province by Takatsune SHIBA in the Ashikaga side, and was killed in the battle in Fujishima in the same province.
- 子孫の一人である吉見頼行は能登吉見氏の庶家で、石見鹿足郡の地頭職を得て下向したものである。
- One of the descendants, Yoriyuki YOSHIMI was from a branch family of the Noto-Yoshimi clan and left the capital when he was appointed as a Jitoshiki (manager and lord of an estate) of Kanoashi District, Iwami Province.
- 1949年(昭和24年)10月1日 - 乙訓村・新神足村・海印寺村が合併し、長岡町が発足。
- October 1, 1949: Otokuni-mura, Shinkotari-mura and Kaiinji-mura were merged to form Nagaoka-cho.
- 1951年4月1日 船井郡桧山村、梅田村、三ノ宮村及び質美村が合併して、瑞穂村として発足。
- April 1, 1951: Mizuho-mura was formed as a result of the merger of the villages of Hiyama-mura, Umeda-mura, Sannomiya-mura and Shitsumi-mura of Funai-gun.
- 和義は宗家である斯波高経の下、足利尊氏に従い、尊氏西走の時、備前国三石城の守備を任された。
- Kazuyoshi followed Takauji ASHIKAGA with Takatsune SHIBA of head family of the Ishibashi family and when Takauji escaped to Saigoku (western part of Japan), he was appointed as a guard of the Mitsuishi-jo Castle of the Bizen Province.
- 京都では、征夷大将軍・足利義輝が三好長慶、松永久秀と対立し近江国朽木谷へ逃れる事件が起きた。
- In Kyoto, Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who was to subdue the barbarians') confronted Nagayoshi MIYOSHI and Hisahide MATSUNAGA, and fled to Kutsuki-dani, Omi Province.
- 8月、堺奉行の松井友閑配下の足軽32人が山内に入り、荒木残党の捜索と称して乱暴狼藉を働いた。
- In September, the 32 foot soldiers of Yukan MATSUI, who was Sakai bugyo (magistrate of around Sakai), entered Sannai and started acts of violence and assault in the name of a search for the remnants of the Araki clan.
- 下の日本の項目で述べるように陽明学は日本に伝来して江戸時代以降の日本史に大きな足跡を残した。
- As described in the section related to Japan, Yomei-gaku was introduced into Japan and left its mark on Japanese history from the end of Edo period onwards.
- 足軽以下は「軽輩」などと呼ばれ、士分とは見なされないため、両者の間には大きな境界線があった。
- Ashigaru and below were called 'Keihai' (a person of low rank) and were not considered Shibun, so there was a large difference between the two.
- 鎌倉でのこの戦闘の後、この地で死んだ北条一族を弔うため、足利尊氏によって宝戒寺が建てられた。
- After this war in Kamakura, Takauji ASHIKAGA built Hokai-ji Temple to pray for the Hojo clan that was killed here.
- しかし、実際に合戦が行われた戦国時代から江戸時代初期には足軽の過半が動員兵で占められていた。
- However, during the Sengoku Period and the beginning of Edo period where the actual wars took place, the majority of the foot soldiers were soldiers to be mobilized.
- このとき朝廷側の交渉前面に登場したのは、権大納言でもあった室町幕府征夷大将軍足利義満である。
- In this case, the negotiations' director on the side of the court was Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, who occupied the position of 'seii taishogun' (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') in Muromachi bakufu and also the position of 'Gon Dainagon' (Provisional Major Counselor) in court.
- 戦いに勝利した足利義尹が義稙と改名して将軍に復職し、細川高国・大内義興の連合政権が成立した。
- Yoshitada ASHIKAGA, who won the battle, changed his name to Yoshitane and reinstated as Shogun; a coalition government of Takakuni HOSOKAWA and Yoshioki OUCHI was formed.
- そして8月4日には連合軍は北京に向けて進軍を開始したが、各国の足並みが揃わず歩みが遅かった。
- Furthermore, the allied forces started to march toward Beijing on March 4 but moved slowly since the pace of each nation did not match.
- 4月に清晃を京都にある自邸に招き入れ、実質的に第11代将軍・足利義高として擁立したのである。
- In April, they invited Seiko to their residence in Kyoto, and supported him to become the 11th shogun Yoshitaka ASHIKAGA.
- 本来はかんじきの様に、足場の不安定な場所を歩くために用いられていた忍具だったと言われている。
- It is said that Mizugumo was originally a tool for Ninja to walk unstable surfaces of ground, as kanjiki was (snow-shoes).
- ふつうの物見(のちの将校斥候くらいに相当する)よりは地位は低く、徒卒、足軽などがあてられた。
- Shinobi-monomi was classified lower than the usual monomi (which is equal to the later shoko-sekko (officer patrol)) and tosotsu (foot soldier) and ashigaru (common foot soldier) were assigned to perform this task.
- 同20年には官職についている皇族で上日が不足して季禄が支給されない者には時服料を支給された。
- In 801, jifuku was bestowed on some members of the Imperial Family who were assigned to some jobs for the government but could not receive kiroku (stipend) due to shortage of their service days.
- その後、足利義昭の出家による引退後は代わって豊臣政権や江戸幕府が公文(公帖)が発給している。
- Afterward, following Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA's retirement to become a priest, the Toyotomi government, then the Edo bakufu handled the issuance of kumon (kojo).
- 1417年(応永24年)、氏憲の死後に自分の身に対する危険を感じた足利義嗣は京都を脱出する。
- Yoshitsugu ASHIKAGA, who feared for his safety after the death of Ujinori, escaped from Kyoto in 1417.
- 宿場では公用人馬継立てのため定められた人馬を常備し、不足のときには助郷を徴するようになった。
- Shukuba always had designated riders and horses available that would work in relays for official transportation, and when they ran short, sukego (labor which was imposed on neighboring villages to help the primarily imposed village) was sought.
- 一方足利義昭の要請に応じた畠山昭高が雑賀衆・根来衆らを援軍として送り出し織田信長軍についた。
- On the other hand, Akitaka HATAKEYAMA responded to the request from Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, and dispatched the reinforcement troops of Saikashu and Negoroshu to assist the army led by Nobunaga ODA.
- 1386年(至徳3年) 南北朝の争いで赤松一門が足利軍に組する中、氏範だけは南朝方に付いた。
- In 1386 in the disturbance of Northern and Southern Courts, although Akamatsu family took the side of Ashikaga army, only Ujinori was on the side of Southern Court.
- そこで、それ以下の禄高の者が就任する際に在職中のみ不足している役料(石高)を補う制度である。
- This system was therefore established to make up for deficient yakuryo (executive allowance) (yield) only during the term of office when a person whose rokudaka was not more than the standard.
- 翌享保9年7月及び、元文4年(1739年)3月に足高などの修正を行って制度の充実が図られた。
- In August 1724 and April 1739, the system was improved through revisions of tashidaka.
- 戸田氏定は上屋敷を出た後、その足で伝奏屋敷に入り、浅野家の家財を運び出すなど撤収を指揮した。
- After Ujisada TODA left the Kamiyashiki, he went to the residence for imperial envoys and ordered the removal of Asano's belongings.
- 足利尊氏が建武の新政から離脱し反旗を翻すと、武重は後醍醐天皇の近くに仕え日本各地を転戦した。
- When Takauji ASHIKAGA stepped aside from the Kenmu Restoration and turned against the government, Takeshige, who closely served the Emperor Godaigo, fought numerous battles all over Japan.
- 後に政権内部の政争により、義貞は反足利氏派・反武家派の首班として尊氏(高氏改め)と対立した。
- Afterward, due to a political dispute inside the regime, Yoshisada as the head of the anti Ashikaga clan group and anti samurai family group confronted Takauji.
- 相模松田氏は藤原鎌足を遠祖とし、その13代目藤原公光の時に相模守となり相模国秦野に土着した。
- The forefather of the Sagami Matsuda clan was FUJIWARA no Kamatari, and the 13th head FUJIWARA no Kinmitsu became the governor of Sagami Province and settled in Hadano, Sagami Province.
- これほど家運も振るわず困窮していながら、足利一門における名族中の名族たる誇りだけは強かった。
- Although its fortunes was dull and struggled financially, the Kira clan still had a high pride as the most noted family in the Ashikaga clan.
- 永享12年(1440年)、持頼は将軍独裁を進める足利義教の命により大和国出陣中に殺害された。
- In 1440, Mochiyori was killed in the field to Yamato Province under the order from Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, who promoted a shogunal dictatorship.
- 1889年(明治22年)4月1日、町村制施行に伴い、綴喜郡八幡町、都々城村、有智郷村が発足。
- April 1, 1889: Yawata-machi, Tsuzuki-mura, and Uchigo-mura were founded in Tsuzuki-gun when the municipal organization was enforced.
- 1949年(昭和24年)10月1日 新神足村、海印寺村、乙訓村の3村が合併して長岡町となる。
- October 1, 1949: Three villages of Shinkotari-mura, Kaiinji-mura and Otokuni-mura were combined to form Nagaoka-cho.
- 大社は足立郡の氷川神社と児玉郡の金佐奈神社(現 金鑽神社)で、どちらも名神大社に列している。
- The Hikawa-jinja Shrine in the Adachi District and the Kanasana (金佐奈)-jinja Shrine (present-day Kanasana (金鑽)-jinja Shrine) in the Kodama District are large shrines belonging to the Myojin Taisha Shrine.
- 鎌子はまず、孝徳天皇に接近するが、その器量に飽き足らず、クーデターの中心たりえる人物を探した。
- Kamako first approached Emperor Kotoku, however, he needed someone who was more capable of playing the central role in the coup.
- 山名氏を離れた後、尼子勝久らは出雲国の殆どを奪還に成功、一時的に尼子氏再興の足掛かりを築いた。
- After leaving the Yamana clan, Katsuhisa Amago and his party succeeded in recovering most of the occupied territory in Izumo Province, and they temporarily gained a foothold toward the restoration of the Amago clan.
- 日本の外務省には、対支文化事業部が新設され、日中共同による「東方文化事業総委員会」が発足した。
- The department of cultural affairs with China was established within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Japan, and the 'General Committee of Eastern Cultural Project' also began.
- 彼は16歳の時『明六雑誌』を読み、感動して高知から上京して定例演説会に足繁く通うほどであった。
- He read 'Meiroku Zasshi' when he was 16 years old and impressed so much as he frequently joined periodical speech meetings at Tokyo from Kochi Prefecture.
- 中には幕末に遠国奉行を歴任して足高の制で1000石取りまで昇進した川村修就のような人物もいる。
- One of the oniwaban, Nagataka KAWAMURA was promoted to the high position with the property of 1000 crop yields according to Ashidaka system (the system to give low-class people extra property as wage when they got a higher position than their family class) for having worked as an Ongokubugyo (a magistrate placed at an important area directly controlled by the bakufu) at the end of the Edo period.
- その後スペイン内戦によってフランシスコ・フランコ・バハモンデの独裁体制が1936年に発足した。
- Later in 1936, the Spanish Civil War brought about the dictatorship of Francisco Franco y Bahamonde.
- その格式は「御所(足利将軍家)が絶えれば吉良が継ぎ、吉良が絶えれば今川が継ぐ」とまで言われた。
- The status was even said as, 'if the Imperial Palace (Ashikaga family to inherit the shogunate) dies out, the Kira inherits the succession to the family headship, and the Imagawa inherits the formality when Kira dies out.'
- 足利氏の一門である今川氏でさえ、これまで大功のあった今川貞世が処罰され、勢力を弱められている。
- Even the power of the Imagawa clan, which was a family of the Ashikaga clan, was weakened by the punishment of Sadayo IMAGAWA, in spite of his great achievements in the past.
- 義将の甥である斯波満種は1414年に将軍足利義持の不興を買い、加賀守護職を失って高野山に隠退。
- Mitsutane SHIBA, a nephew of Yoshimasa, incurred the displeasure of the Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA in 1414, lost his position as Shugoshiki of Kaga Province, and retired to Mt. Koya.
- 永正5年(1508年)に細川高国と協力し、足利義稙を擁して中国・九州勢を率いて上洛を果たした。
- In 1508, he went up to Kyoto in cooperation with Takakuni HOSOKAWA, with Yoshitane ASHIKAGA at the head of Ouchi clan, while leading Chugoku and Kyushu forces.
- 篠川御所足利満直は京都方であったので、京都との取次ぎ及び幕府の使者の宿泊は塩松氏が行っていた。
- Because Mitsunao ASHIKAGA, head of Sasagawa Gosho (an administrative organization for governing Tohoku regions settled by the Kamakura bakufu in the Muromachi Period) was supporting the Kyoto side, the Shionomatsu clan acted as the liaison with Kyoto and arranged accommodation for envoys from the Shorgunate.
- その後、永正年間中に信孝は京に帰還し、足利義輝の重臣を務め、永禄6年(1563年)に逝去した。
- Later, during the Eisho era, he returned to Kyoto, where he served as a chief retainer for Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA and died in 1563.
- 1954年(昭和29年)12月15日 - 西和束村・中和束村・東和束村が合併し、和束町が発足。
- December 15, 1954: Nishiwazuka-mura, Nakawazuka-mura, and Higashiwazuka-mura were combined to form Wazuka-cho.
- だが、織田・徳川軍の戦死者が名も無き足軽雑兵(特に織田軍はほとんどが領民ではなく傭兵)であった。
- The war victims of the Oda-Tokugawa allied forces comprised nameless foot soldiers (especially those of the Oda force who were not territorial people but mercenaries).
- これは、統一が為されたことにより給付対象が大幅に増え、そのことから来る土地不足が原因と思われる。
- It is considered that this change was caused by land shortage as the unification of China dramatically increased the number of people who received government services.
- 前将軍義稙の養子・足利義維(義晴の弟)を擁する晴元・元長は堺に進出し、京の支配を行う(堺公方)。
- With Yoshitsuna ASHIKAGA, the former shogun Yoshitane's adopted son and a younger brother of Yoshiharu on their side, Harumoto and Motonaga advanced to Sakai and governed the capital (Sakaikubo [the municipal government based in Sakai City]).
- 内訳…侍1人、奉公人2人、足軽4人、人夫2人、口取8人(計17人) 乗馬1頭、駄馬8頭(計9頭)
- Breakdown - 1 samurai, 2 servants, 4 foot soldiers, 2 laborers, 8 kuchitori (total of 17), 1 cavalry horse and 8 packhorses (total of 9 horses).
- 惟時の子・阿蘇惟直は菊池氏とともに足利・少弐氏の軍と多々良浜の戦いにおいて戦うが敗れ、自刃した。
- Korenao ASO, who was Koretoki's child, and the Kikuchi clan together fought against the troops formed by the Ashikaga and Shoni clans in the Battle of Tatarahama but they were defeated and killed themselves.
- だが、それは逆に将軍足利義晴から晴元へ下された本願寺討伐令という大義名分を与えるだけに終わった。
- This adversely ended up in giving a legitimate reason to Shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA's order to Harumoto to suppress Hongan-ji Temple.
- 6月11日には毛里田村の農民らが足尾を訪れるが、古河側は自身に責任はないという主張を繰り返した。
- On June 11, the peasants of Morita Village visited Ashio, however the Furukawa side just repeatedly disclaimed any responsibility for the damages.
- 職務は、戦時においては旗本部隊の一番先手として各種足軽組等を付属した上で備の騎馬隊として働いた。
- In wartime, as the vanguard of a hatamoto troop, oban with various ashigaru-gumi (the teams of the lowest-rank samurai) served as cavalry for defense against an attack by the enemy.
- 融の孫の源仕(みなもと・の・つこう)のとき武蔵守となって武蔵国足立郡箕田(埼玉県鴻巣市)に下向。
- MINAMOTO no Tsuko, a grandson of Toru, was appointed as Governor of Musashi Province and left the capital Kyoto for Mita, Adachi County in Musashi Province (present-day Konosu City, Saitama Prefecture).
- 足利一門の吉良氏は三河国と武蔵国に勢力を置いたが、武蔵の吉良氏は世田谷御所、吉良御所と称された。
- The Kira clan who is an Ashikaga clan, gained influence over Mikawa Province and Musashi Province, and the Kira clan in Musashi Province was referred to as Setagaya Gosho or Kira Gosho.
- 1956年(昭和31年)8月1日 - 上狛町・高麗村・棚倉村が合併し、山城町 (京都府)が発足。
- August 1, 1956: Kamikoma-cho, Korai-mura, and Tanakura-mura were combined to form Yamashiro-cho (Kyoto Prefecture).
- たとえば更級日記には、少女時代の作者を含む旅の一行が足柄山麓の宿で遊女の歌を鑑賞するくだりがある。
- For example, the Sarashina Nikki (Sarashina Diary) has a description in which a traveling party including the author in her girlhood appreciated singing of yujo in the lodging at the foot of Mt. Ashigara.
- また、足利義昭が織田信長打倒を諸大名に呼びかけたとされる命令書もこの形式によっていたとされている。
- It is also believed that orders given by Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA appealing to territorial lords to overthrow Nobunaga ODA were issued using Gonaisho.
- しかしその支配が地域的であったことや鐚銭を排除しようとする民衆が多く、満足な結果は得られなかった。
- However, since the control was local and many of the general public wanted to eliminate Bitasen (low-quality coins whose surfaces were worn away), the results were not satisfactory.
- 内訳…侍1人、奉公人2人、足軽30人、人夫3人、口取2人(計38人) 乗馬1頭、駄馬2頭(計3頭)
- Breakdown - 1 samurai, 2 servants, 30 foot soldiers, 3 laborers, 2 kuchitori (total of 38), 1 cavalry horse and 2 packhorses (total of 3 horses).
- だが、明治政府成立後にその多くが政府に接収されて不足する国家財政の穴埋めに使われたといわれている。
- It was believed that after the establishment of the Meiji Government, many of giso warehouses were seized by the government and used to make up a shortfall in state finances.
- 閏2月には後醍醐天皇が隠岐島を脱出して船上山に拠り、4月には足利高氏が篠村八幡において鎌倉に反旗。
- In the intercalary February, Emperor Godaigo escaped from Oki and established a strategic foothold on Mt. Senjo, and in April, Takauji ASHIKAGA rebelled against the Kamakura bakufu at Shinomura-Hachimangu Shrine.
- しかし、水替人足は非常に厳しい労役を強いられるものであり、更生というより懲罰という側面が強かった。
- However, Mizukaeninsoku demanded severe labor service, and it was more a punishment than a rehabilitation.
- 天文21年(1552年)、長慶は足利義輝と和睦して義輝を京都に迎え、同時に細川氏綱を管領に据えた。
- In 1552, Nagayoshi reconciled with Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA and welcomed Yoshiteru to Kyoto, and at the same time, he made Ujitsuna HOSOKAWA as kanrei (shogunal deputy).
- ここでは主に江戸幕府が管理した佐渡金山にて、坑道の排水を排出する仕事に従事した人足について述べる。
- The remainder of this article will focus mainly on the laborers engaged in tunnel-based drainage efforts at the Sado gold mine, which was run directly by the Edo bakufu.
- 1885年(明治18年)12月22日、内閣 (日本)制が発足したことに伴い、太政官制は廃止された。
- The Dajokan system was abolished upon the establishment of Meiji cabinet on December 22, 1885.
- 足利義氏の四男・義継が、兄長氏と同じく三河国吉良荘を本拠とし、「吉良」を名乗りとしたことに始まる。
- it originated from when, the fourth son of the Ashikaga clan Yoshitugu settled his home base at Kiranosho in Mikawa Province, the same as his older brother Osauji, and then he commenced calling himself, 'Kira.'
- その後、足利尊氏は武家を軽視する建武政権と袂を分かち、武家の支持を集めながら武家政権設立を目指す。
- Later, Takauji ASHIKAGA broke away from the Kenmu Government which treated Samurai families lightly and aimed at establishing a Samurai government while receiving support from the Samurai families.
- 新政府は、版籍奉還の後、公卿・諸侯を華族、武士を士族、足軽などを卒族、その他の人民を平民に改組した。
- After Hanseki-hokan, the new government defined new address terms, Kazoku (the peerage) for court nobles and feudal lords, Shizoku (warrior class) for samurai warriors, Sotsuzoku for conscripted foot soldiers, and Heimin (commoner) for other people.
- 当初の歩は、日本語で言う2歩分(両足を前に踏み出した長さ)を1歩とし、歩四方を面積の1歩としていた。
- Originally 1 bu unit was defined by the length of two steps, and 1 bu square was the 1 bu of area.
- 上記のように伊奈氏を足利氏の庶流と見る説が一般的だが、『寛政重修諸家譜』には藤原氏と記載されている。
- Although the Ina clan is generally regarded as a branch family of the Ashikaga clan, as mentioned above, it was described as the Fujiwara clan in 'Kansei Choshu Shokafu' (a record of the family trees of samurai warriors of the Edo bakufu).
- 翌る25日、ようやく持之は評定を開き、義教の嫡子千也茶丸(足利義勝)を次期将軍とすることを決定した。
- Next day, on 22nd, Mochiyuki finally held a consultation meeting and decided to make Senyachamaru (Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA), Yoshinori's legitimate child, next shogun.
- 足利義満時代の明徳の乱で敗れて勢力を低下させた山名氏は大きく回復し、管領細川氏と力を競うようになる。
- The Yamana clan that had lost much of their power by being defeated in the Meitoku War in the age of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA recovered their position and competed their power with the kanrei, the Hosokawa clan.
- 1989年にJR足尾線で貨物が廃止になると、原料鉱石の搬入量が減少し、鉱毒はさらに減少したとされる。
- It is explained that because from 1989 JR Ashio Line no longer carried cargo and the imports of the raw material ore were reduced, the mining pollution was decreased.
- (特に信長は大事な合戦では必ず雨が降って行軍の足音を消したことから梅雨将軍とも呼ばれるほどだった。)
- (Nobunaga was nicknamed 'Rainy Shogun' as heavy rains always silenced the footsteps of soldiers every time he fought a major battle.)
- 1871年(明治4年)7月14日:廃藩置県により丹後田辺藩(舞鶴藩/3.5万石)が舞鶴県として発足。
- July 14, 1871: Under the policy of Haihan-chiken, Tango-Tanabe Domain (Maizuru Domain/35,000 koku) was reorganized as Maizuru Prefecture.
- 幕府や鎌倉公方が足利氏一門や有力守護に裏書免許、屋形免許、塗輿免許、白傘袋毛氈鞍覆免許などを与えた。
- The Shogunate and Kamakura kubo (Governor-General of the Kanto region) granted the Ashikaga clan and other powerful shugo the licenses to use endorsed letters, the honorific title of yakata (title for high officials), painted portable shrines, white umbrella covers, and fur saddle covers.
- また薬園は典薬寮の薬園師が管理している他、不足分は各地から年料雑薬として納められたと考えられている。
- The medicinal-herb garden was managed by Yakuenshi (an official in charge of managing the medicinal-herb garden) of Tenyakuryo, also it is considered that the shortfall was compensated by nenryozoyaku (medicinal herb contributed to the central government) collected from every corner of the country.
- 内訳…侍1人、奉公人4人、足軽19人、人夫5人、口取11人(計30人) 乗馬1頭、駄馬1頭(計2頭)
- Breakdown - 1 samurai, 4 servants, 19 foot soldiers, 5 laborers, 11 kuchitori (total of 30), 1 cavalry horse and 1 packhorse (total of 2 horses).
- そして、義満の朝廷政策に批判的であったとされる息子の足利義持もまた後小松上皇の院執事に就任している。
- And even Yoshimochi, who was Yoshimitsu's son and was allegedly critical about his father's policies against the Imperial Court, also assumed the post of In no shitsushi of the retired Emperor Gokomatsu.
- この時足立大尉は必死の反撃をし格闘したが、中島も持っていた短刀で加勢し2人で滅多突きにして殺害した。
- Senior Lieutenant Adachi fought hard, but Nakajima joined Iwanaga with his own short sword and stabbed him to death, striking him a countless number of times.
- 『平家物語』によれば、義経は馬2頭を落として、1頭は足を挫いて倒れるが、もう1頭は無事に駆け下った。
- According to 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike), Yoshitsune forced two horses down the hill; one horse sprained its foot and fell, but the other one ran down the hill safely.
- 財政及び食糧不足の解消のための緊急措置として耕地の維持・拡大政策を採った結果であると考えられている。
- It is considered that it was the result of policies that were formulated to preserve and expand cultivated land for emergency measures in solving financial and food shortage.
- それでも小判の流出は短期間の間に多額に上り国内の深刻な金貨の不足を起こすような危機には違いなかった。
- Nevertheless, so large a quantity of koban was taken out of Japan in so short a time that there was a serious shortage of gold coins in Japan.
- 2007年(平成19年)3月12日 - 木津町・山城町・加茂町が合併し、木津川市が発足、郡より離脱。
- March 12, 2007: Kizu-cho, Yamashiro-cho, and Kamo-cho were merged to form Kizugawa City, and the city was separated from the gun (district) system.
- 攻略に当たっていた日本軍の歩兵第18連隊長佐藤正 (陸軍草創期)大佐は銃弾を受け左足切断の重傷を負う。
- Colonel Tadashi Satoh, the commander of the 18th infantry regiment of the Japanese army (in the pioneer days of the Army) engaged in an assault and was shot in his left leg, suffering serious injury, resulting in an amputation.
- 曲尺の尺は西洋のフィートと非常に近い長さであるが、どちらも足を基準にしているためであり、偶然ではない。
- The fact 1 shaku of the kane-jaku was quite close to the unit of feet used in the Western countries was not by chance because both units were based on the length defined by the measurement of a foot.
- 義持は応永35年(1428年)に後継者を定めないまま死去した(嫡男の五代将軍足利義量は早世していた)。
- Yoshimochi died in 1428 without deciding his successor (his legitimate son, Yoshikazu ASHIKAGA, the fifth shogun, died early).
- 特に芝居小屋のような、町人と密接な接触が想定される場に足を踏み入れることは、極力慎むことが求められた。
- It was especially required that warriors should not enter a playhouse, where they were likely to have close contact with townspeople.
- 後醍醐天皇が建武政権に反旗を翻した足利尊氏を討つために新田義貞を派遣したが失敗し、建武政権は崩壊した。
- The Emperor Godaigo dispatched Yoshisada NITTA to defeat Takauji ASHIKAGA who rebelled against the Kenmu government, but it failed and the Kenmu government collapsed.
- 特に戦国時代においては、自給自足体制の崩壊とともに支配階層の貨幣に対する需要が高まった事から普及する。
- Especially during the Sengoku period, the system of kandaka became more widespread, since the demand for money increased as a result of the collapse of the self-sufficient structure of society.
- その結果、延文3年(1358年)には関白二条良基が足利義詮の執奏によって16年務めた関白を更迭された。
- As a result, in 1358, the Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) Yoshimoto NIJO was dismissed from the post after 16 years of service, by Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA's shisso.
- この自白を聞いた平城天皇は安倍兄雄・巨勢野足に命じて、藤原吉子・伊予親王母子を逮捕し川原寺に幽閉した。
- Upon hearing this confession, Emperor Heijo ordered ABE no Anio and KOSE no Notari to arrest Fujiwara no Yoshiko and Imperial Prince Iyo and imprisoned them at Kawahara-dera Temple.
- しかし明治日本の最終目標は、個別の外交案件において他国よりも優位に立つことで事足りるものではなかった。
- However the ultimate target of Japan during the Meiji period was not only to have an advantage on each diplomatic negotiation.
- しかしながら、応仁の乱頃より戦いの主流が歩兵(足軽)による密集戦に変わり、やがて槍にとってかわられた。
- However, the fighting method changed to close-up fighting by foot soldiers (ashigaru) after Onin War, and the naginata was eventually replaced with spears.
- 帝国議会創設時に誕生した政務研究会(せいむけんきゅうかい)を源流として1891年11月4日に発足した。
- It was founded on November 4, 1891, originating from Seimukenkyu-kai which was born when the Imperial Diet was established.
- 1569年半ばから、足利義昭は勝手な行動が目立つようになり、信長との仲はだんだんと険悪になって行った。
- From the middle of 1569, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA more often acted on his own, gradually getting onto bad terms with Nobunaga.
- 戦国時代 (日本)末期には戦国大名となり将軍家足利氏の弱体化に伴って関東に台頭した後北条氏と対峙した。
- In the late Sengoku period (of Japan), the Utsunomiya clan became daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and confronted the Gohojo clan emerging in the Kanto region as the shogun family, the Ashikaga clan was weakened.
- 斯波氏は、足利家氏が陸奥国の斯波郡(岩手県紫波郡)を所領としたことから斯波氏と称するのを始まりとする。
- The Shiba clan originally took its name from the area called Shiba-gun County (Shiba-gun, Iwate Prefecture) of Mutsu Province where Ieuji ASHIKAGA became a ruler.
- この家督争いが足利将軍家や畠山氏の家督相続と関係して1467年の応仁の乱を引き起こす原因の1つになる。
- That succession dispute partly caused the outbreak of the Onin War in 1467 in connection with the succession to the position of family head in the Ashikaga Shogunal family and that in the Hatakeyama clan.
- 二つめは聖徳太子の弟 麻呂子親王が英胡、軽足、土熊を討ったという話、三つめが有名な酒呑童子伝説である。
- The second legend is that Prince Shotoku's younger brother, Imperial Prince Maroko defeated three ogres named Eiko, Karuashi and Tsuchiguma, and the third is the famous legend about Shuten-doji.
- 2004年4月1日 - 南丹市となる4町が参加した「園部町・八木町・日吉町・美山町合併協議会」が発足。
- April 1, 2004: Established the 'Council on Merger of the Towns of Sonobe, Yagi, Hiyoshi and Miyama' which would compose Nantan City
- 2007年(平成19年)3月12日 相楽郡木津町・山城町 (京都府)・加茂町 (京都府)が合併し発足。
- March 12, 2007: This city was established by merging three towns in Soraku-gun of Kyoto Prefecture, Yamashiro-cho, Kizu-cho and Kamo-cho.
- 1951年(昭和26年)4月1日 - 久津川村・富野荘村・寺田村が綴喜郡青谷村と合併し、城陽町が発足。
- April 1, 1951: Kutsukawa-mura, Tonosho-mura, Terada-mura, and Aotani-mura in Tsuzuki-gun were merged to form Joyo-cho.
- 織田信長と対決するにあたり、荒木村重は足利義昭、毛利輝元、顕如のもとに人質と誓書を差し出し同盟を誓った。
- Before confronting Nobunaga ODA, Murashige ARAKI had submitted hostages and written an oath to Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, Terumoto MORI and Kennyo to promise alliance.
- 開拓使は潤沢な予算を用いて様々な開拓事業を推進したが、広大な範囲でなおも全てを完遂するには不足であった。
- Although the Development Commission was allocated with a huge budget to promote various land reclamation projects, the money was still short to complete all the works in an enormous area like Hokkaido.
- 永禄11年(1568年)9月、織田信長は足利義昭を奉じて上洛し、義昭を室町幕府の第15代将軍に擁立した。
- In October 1568, Nobunaga ODA came to Kyoto following Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, and installed Yoshiaki as the 15th shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun.)
- 永正18年(1521年)3月、高国は対立した将軍義稙を追放し、新たに足利義晴を12代将軍として擁立した。
- In April of 1521, Takakuni banished shogun Yoshitane who had turned against him, and put up Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA as the twelfth shogun.
- 短陌は銅銭不足であった当時の経済状況に合わせた慣習であり、銅銭の輸送の不便さを軽減する上では歓迎された。
- Tanhaku was a custom fit for the economic situation at that time and hailed as a method to reduce the inconvenience of delivering copper coins.
- 鉄砲組2…侍1人、奉公人4人、足軽36人、人夫11人、口取2人(計54人) 乗馬1頭、駄馬2頭(計3頭)
- Teppo gumi 2 - 1 samurai, 4 servants, 36 foot soldiers, 11 laborers, 2 kuchitori (total of 54), 1 cavalry horse and 2 packhorses (total of 3 horses).
- このような混乱に乗じて、明応の政変で追われた前征夷大将軍足利義稙が大内義興を頼って上洛しようとしていた。
- The former Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the eastern barbarians') Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, who had been expelled in the Coup of Meio, attempted to take advantage of the disorder and go to Kyoto, trusting in Yoshioki OUCHI.
- 大兵力の連合軍は食糧が不足していたが、食料庫を焼かれたことでさらに窮地に陥り、短期決戦を余儀なくされた。
- The allied forces with a great number of soldiers faced food deficiency and got into a difficult situation further by having their food supply burnt down and had to make the battles short.
- 足利氏からは、仁木氏・細川氏・畠山氏・斯波氏・石橋氏・渋川氏・一色氏・石塔氏・吉良氏・今川氏などが出た。
- The Ashikaga clan was the origin of such clans as Niki, Hosokawa, Hatakeyama, Shiba, Ishibashi, Shibukawa, Isshiki, Ishito, Kira and Imagawa.
- 再起を図っていた足利義澄・細川澄元は永正6年(1509年)に復権を図ったものの敗れている如意ケ嶽の戦い。
- Although Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA and Sumimoto HOSOKAWA aimed at rehabilitation, they were defeated at the Battle of Nyoigatake in 1509.
- しかし代々足利家執事をつとめた高氏 が高階氏から出ているように、武家としてはその後も大いに繁栄している。
- However, as a samurai family, the clan has been very prosperous; for example, the Ko clan who has been the steward of the Ashikaga family for generations came from the Takashina clan.
- 1907年3月15日公布の、明治40年日本の勅令の一覧第33号(樺太庁官制)に基づき、同年4月1日発足。
- Due to the Proclamation of the Imperial Ordinance no.33, 1907 on March 15, 1907 Karafuto's Government's system of administration was officially established on April 1, 1907.
- 抗戦派の中心は足軽頭原元辰と札座奉行岡島常樹の兄弟であり、恭順派は末席家老の大野知房が中心となっていた。
- The radicals were led by a leader of foot soldiers Mototoki HARA and brothers of commissioner of finance Tsuneki OKAJIMA, whereas the moderates were led by Tomofusa ONO, the lowest rank chief retainer.
- 小笠原氏が将軍家弓馬師範なる地位を得るのは足利義教の代で、それも信濃小笠原氏ではなく京都小笠原氏である。
- Actually it was in the period of Yoshinori ASHIKAGA that the Ogasawara clan gained the position of the master of kyuba of the shogun family and furthermore it was not the Shinano-Ogasawara clan, but the Kyoto-Ogasawara clan.
- 特に京都室町における足利将軍家の邸宅を花の御所といい、将軍家当主も「公方様」ないし「御所様」と称された。
- The residence of the Ashikaga Shogunate family in Muromachi, Kyoto, in particular, was referred to as Hana no Gosho, and the head of the family himself was also called 'Kubo-sama' or 'Gosho-sama.'
- さらには足利将軍家にも献上されたことなどから、鉄砲製造技術は短期間のうちに複数のルートで本土に伝えられた。
- A matchlock gun was also presented to the Ashikaga shogunate around the same time, indicating that the technology of gun manufacturing was introduced into the mainland through several routes in a short period.
- (ただし、その航海食はビタミン不足であり、後年、艦船の行動範囲拡大などにより、脚気患者が大幅に増加した。)
- (Nevertheless the diet during a voyage was short of vitamins, and the number of patients having beriberi significantly grew.)
- 同局は、買収完了後もしばらくの間存続し、廃止されたのは鉄道院発足後の1909年(明治42年)7月末である。
- The bureau existed for a while after completion of the acquisition, and was abolished at the end of July in 1909 after the inauguration of Tetsudoin.
- 身分制度では最下層だが、彼らには非人化から10年以内であれば脱出(足洗い)の機会が与えられることもあった。
- Though they were at the bottom in the system of rank, occasionally an opportunity to escape (bail out) was given if it was within 10 years after becoming Hinin.
- 宮方の敗因は義貞の器量不足というよりも後醍醐の失政に失望した有力武士が尊氏に大挙して付いたことに起因する。
- The cause of defeat of the court's side was the selling out of dominant samurai who were disappointed by misgovernment of Emperor Godaigo to Takauji's side rather than Yoshisada's poor leadership.
- これにより、信長は足利義昭を室町幕府の第15代将軍に擁立し、自らはその後見人として政権を確立したのである。
- This enabled Nobunaga to put forward Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA as the 15th shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and he, as his guardian, established the government.
- その結果、当主である六角高頼が義澄方への与力をあくまで主張する守護代の伊庭氏を抑えて足利義稙方に寝返った。
- As a result, Takayori ROKKAKU, family head of the ROKKAKU, revolted to Yoshitane ASHIKAGA's side, despite the Iba clan, shugodai (deputy of Shugo, provincial constable), who insisted to assist Yoshizumi's side.
- あぜ道(約幅1メートル)には土の流失を防ぐため多数の杭が打ち込まれており、足跡も約50カ所見つかっている。
- Many stakes were put up at the side of a path (approximately 1 m width) between paddy field to stop soil from being carried out, and about 50 foot prints were also found.
- 威嚇射撃であったのか、殺意はあったが訓練不足により命中しなかったのかに関して欧米人の証言も一致していない。
- The Westerners' testimonies differed as to whether this was intended as warning shots or the soldiers intended to kill but failed due to a lack of practice.
- 足尾鉱毒事件に関しては、主に被害者側の視点での記述が多いが、中立性を確保するため、古河側の主張も併記する。
- Regarding Ashio Mining Pollution, many articles have been written from the view of the victims, however, in order to gain impartiality, arguments that Furukawa made should be introduced.
- したがって安政二朱銀の通用は僅か22日間で終わり、安政小判についても4ヶ月足らずで鋳造停止となるに至った。
- Thus Ansei Nishu silver coins circulated only for twenty-two days, and Ansei koban was minted only for less than four months.
- 将門の手許には1000人足らずしか残っていなかったが、時を移しては不利になると考えて、2月1日に出陣する。
- Masakado, realizing that his position would become weaker over time, departed for battle on February 1 with less than 1,000 soldiers.
- 冠位の数が年々増加していったのは、官僚制への切り替えにより下級官僚に与える冠位が不足したからと推測できる。
- The reason why the number of the cap ranks increased every year is thought to be because the transition to bureaucracy brought deficiency of the cap ranks, which were to be given to the low-level bureaucrats.
- 日本は朝鮮半島への足掛かりを失い、日本は大国唐の脅威にさらされることとなった(668年には高句麗も滅亡)。
- Japan lost its foothold on Korean Peninsula and Japan came to face the threat of a great power, Tang (in 668, Goguryeo also went to ruin).
- 家系は清和天皇の血をひく清和源氏の一家系 河内源氏の棟梁 鎮守府将軍源義家の子 源義国を足利氏の有力一門。
- The family was an influential family of the Ashikaga clan, which was founded by MINAMOTO no Yoshikuni, a child of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie who was a Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North) and head of the Kawachi-Genji which was a family line of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) originated from Emperor Seiwa.
- 2007年3月12日、相楽郡山城町 (京都府)・木津町・加茂町 (京都府)の3町が市町村合併して発足した。
- This city was established on March 12, 2007, by merging three towns in Soraku-gun, Yamashiro-cho (Kyoto Prefecture), Kizu-cho and Kamo-cho.
- しかしこの戦いで日本側が物質的に得たものは無く、見返りとしての恩賞は御家人たちの満足のいくものではなかった。
- However, Japan gained nothing materially out of this war, and the rewards granted to vassals did not satisfy them.
- 応永11年(1404)明(永楽帝)使、足利義満に冠服・金印とともに「日本国王之印」のある永楽の勘合符を送る。
- In 1404, the Ming envoy sent by Emperor Yongle brought the Yongle Kangofu, on which the 'Seal of the King of Japan' was printed, to Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA together with traditional Han Chinese clothing and a gold seal.
- しかし、大名の中央集権化に伴い戦国中期頃から足軽間での兵科の分離や、騎馬武者も含めた各組ごと編成が行われた。
- However, as the power of daimyo became centralized from around the mid Sengoku Period, organization of various groups, including cavalrymen, took place, such as the separation of various military branches among the foot soldiers.
- 内訳…侍2人、奉公人5人、足軽16人、中間5人、人夫4人、口取1人(計33人) 乗馬1頭、駄馬1頭(計2頭)
- Breakdown - 2 samurai, 5 hokonin (servants), 16 foot soldiers, 5 chugen (soldiers one rank below common soldiers), 4 ninpu (laborers), 1 kuchitori (a person who leads the horse) (33 total), 1 cavalry horse and 1 packhorse (total of 2 horses).
- また、大化改新直前に藤原鎌足が僧旻より『周易』を習い、更に天智天皇を誘って南淵請安の塾に通ったとされている。
- Also, it is said that FUJIWARA no Kamatari was taught on 'Shueki' (Classic of Changes) by the monk Min just before the Taika Reforms, and also attended the private school of MINABUCHI no Shoan, bringing the Emperor Tenchi along with him.
- 南北朝の動乱による武家・公家・寺社の所領をめぐる利益衝突の融和策として天龍寺建立に賛同した副将軍・足利直義。
- Vice-Shogun Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA agreed to Tenryu-ji Temple construction as a reconciliation policy of the profit conflict concerning the territory of the samurai class, the court nobles, and temples and shrines due to the disturbance of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
- 第2次桂内閣は、1908年(明治41年)7月12日に大命降下を受けた桂が、首相と大蔵大臣を兼務して発足する。
- The Second Katsura Cabinet assumed office on July 12, 1908 by the Prime Minister Katsura serving concurrently as Minister of Finance under the imperial command.
- 伊賀を藤堂家が統治して以後は、無足という士族階級を保障され、扶持米を支給され、支配階級に組み込まれていった。
- After the Todo family governed Iga, they were secured their warrior class called musoku, supplied Fuchimai (salary rice), and incorporated into the governing class.
- 当初、鎌倉幕府の冷遇によって建武の新政での新田氏本宗家の権威は同族である足利氏惣領よりも格下に見られていた。
- At first, owing to the cold treatment by the Kamakura bakufu, the authority of the head family of the Nitta clan at the Kenmu Restoration was regarded as lower than that of the same family, the soryo family of the Ashikaga clan.
- 宗遠の子伊達政宗 (大膳大夫)の時代に鎌倉公方足利満兼が領土の割譲を求めると、満兼や会津の蘆名満盛と争った。
- Masamune DATE, Daizen no daibu (Master of the Palace Table) and a son of Muneto, opposed to the territorial cession demand by Mitsukane ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region), and fought against both Mitsukane and Mitsumori ASHINA of the Aizu region.
- また、先に帰国した武田氏安芸武田氏の武田元繁や出雲国の尼子経久らが大内領を侵略し、足元を脅かす存在となった。
- Further, Motoshige TAKEDA of the Aki-Takeda clan, a branch family of the Takeda clan, and Tsunehisa AMAGO in Izumo Province, etc., who had returned home earlier, invaded into the territory of Ouchi family, and they came to threaten the foothold of the family.
- そのため、両者を統合再編して体制の簡素化を図ることとなり、1908年(明治41年)12月5日鉄道院が発足した。
- Because of this, in order to streamline both agencies by integration and reorganization, Tetsudoin was established on December 5, 1908.
- 貞光はこれを迎え撃つために軍を挙げるが敗れ、建武2年(1335年)に足利尊氏に従って北朝 (日本)方に属した。
- Sadamitsu raised the army to make a stand but was defeated instead, and in 1335, followed Takauji ASHIKAGA and took the side of the Northern Court.
- 明応2年(1493年)、管領・細川政元は、10代征夷大将軍・足利義稙を廃立し専制権力を樹立した(明応の政変)。
- In 1493, the kanrei Masamoto HOSOKAWA established a dictatorship after overthrowing Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, the tenth seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') (this incident known as the Meio Coup).
- または、本陣備中の騎馬隊組頭が足軽組を(明確なものではないが)指揮下に置く事で備の戦闘指揮官を務める事になる。
- Or, the captain of the cavalrymen within the army headquarters sonae served as the battle commander of the sonae by placing the foot soldiers (although not clear) under his command.
- 内訳 鉄砲組1…侍1人、奉公人5人、足軽36人、人夫11人、口取2人(計55人) 乗馬1頭、駄馬2頭(計3頭)
- Breakdown of teppo gumi 1 - 1 samurai, 5 servants, 36 foot soldiers, 11 laborers, 2 kuchitori (total of 55), 1 cavalry horse and 2 packhorses (total of 3 horses).
- そして、義興が後見する室町幕府征夷大将軍足利義稙の使者として派遣された弸中の助力を得て通交再開の交渉を行った。
- With the help of Hochu, who was dispatched as an envoy of Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, the seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) under the guardianship of Yoshioki, the So clan negotiated the resumption of the relationship with the Korean Dynasties.
- 将軍足利義澄は近江国の岡山城 (近江国)に、それを担ぐ細川澄元は近江から最終的には阿波国へそれぞれに逃亡した。
- Then Shogun Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA fled to Okayama-jo Castle in Omi Province, and Sumimoto HOSOKAWA who supported Yoshizumi fled to Omi and ultimately to Awa Province.
- 後白河は強訴に対して強硬な態度で臨み、延暦寺を抑えようと試みたが、政権内部の足並みの乱れにより事態は迷走した。
- Although Goshirakawa attempted to control Enryaku-ji Temple with a firm attitude to the direct petition, the situation strayed due to the discordance within the administration.
- こうして信玄の死から一年足らずで浅井・朝倉・三好といった勢力は信長に滅ぼされ、将軍足利義昭も京から追放された。
- Within one year after Shingen's death, the anti-Nobunaga forces, including ASAI, ASAKURA, and MIYOSHI, were killed by Nobunaga and Shogun Yoshiaki was expelled from Kyoto.
- 大永7年(1527年)2月には桂川の戦いで波多野・三好軍らに高国は敗れて将軍・足利義晴を擁して近江に逃亡した。
- At the Battle of Katsura-gawa River in February 1527, Takakuni lost against the army of Hatano and Miyoshi, and fled to the Omi Province with shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA.
- やがて、毛利氏の侵攻を受けて弘治3年(1557年)に自害し、大内家は義隆の死から6年足らずで滅ぶこととなった。
- Eventually, he was invaded by the Mori clan and killed himself in 1557, and the Ouchi family was demolished in less than 6 years after Yoshitaka's death.
- 吉田家の祖吉田兼煕は、室町にある自宅の敷地を足利義満に譲り、吉田神社の祠官であることに因み、家名を吉田とする。
- The founder of Yoshida family, Kanehiro YOSHIDA handed over his home premises in Muromachi to Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, and he changed his family name to Yoshida, because he was a Shinto priest of Yoshida-jinja Shrine.
- ところが、3代将軍足利義満の治世では将軍の権力強化の煽りを受けて、勢力削減の対象となった守護大名家が出てきた。
- However, under the reign of the 3rd Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, who was aiming at strengthening his authority, the powers of several Shugo daimyo families were forced to diminish.
- 応永25年(1418年)、世保系3代当主の土岐持頼は足利義嗣の謀反に加担したとして所領の一部を没収されている。
- In 1418, Mochiyori TOKI, the 3rd head of the Seho family, had part of his territory confiscated for allegedly participating in a rebellion against Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- 貞長は新田義貞と戦って討死し、子の小笠原長高は京都に住んで足利尊氏の弓馬の師範であったというが史実か疑わしい。
- It is said that Sadanaga died on the battle with Yoshisada NITTA and the son Nagataka OGASAWARA who lived in Kyoto was the master of Kyuba (archery and equestrianism) of Takauji ASHIKAGA, but it is doubtful whether it is historical fact.
- 2006年1月1日 - 園部町・八木町・日吉町が北桑田郡美山町 (京都府)と合併し、南丹市が発足、郡より離脱。
- January 1, 2006: Sonobe-cho, Yagi-cho and Hiyoshi-cho were merged with Miyama-cho, Kita-Kuwada-gun (Kyoto Prefecture) to form Nantan City, and the city was separated from the gun (district) system.
- 今谷明は、足利義満が明に「日本国王」に冊封されたことを重視して、以降の義満の御教書を「国王御教書」と呼んでいる。
- In emphasis of the fact that Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was conferred the title of 'King of Japan' by the Emperor of Ming, Akira IMATANI called Yoshimitsu's Migyosho 'Migyosho of a King.'
- これに対して、短陌を用いずに銅銭100枚をもって支払うことを中国では「足銭」、日本では「長銭」・「調陌」と呼ぶ。
- A payment made with 100 copper coins instead of tanhaku is called '足銭' in Chinese and 'chosen' (長銭) or 'chohaku' (調陌) in Japanese.
- 遺言により、管領細川頼之が新将軍足利義満を支える体制となった(このできごとをもって『太平記』の物語は終焉する)。
- According to his will, kanrei Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA took on a role to support new shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA (the story of 'Taiheiki' ended with this event).
- 『愚管抄』によると、北面下臈の平知康・大江公朝が「頼朝軍が上洛すれば義仲など恐れるに足りない」と進言したという。
- According to 'Gukansho' (Jottings of a Fool), hokumen gero (the Imperial Palace Guards for the north side) TAIRA no Tomoyasu and OE no Kintomo suggested that 'Yoshinaka will be unworthy of fear if Yoritomo enters the capital.'
- はじめは四国の軍勢も動員し、さらに将軍・足利義栄と三好家当主・三好義継を擁する三好三人衆が圧倒的に優勢であった。
- At first Miyoshi Sanninshu who were backed up by the shogun Yoshihide ASHIKAGA and Yoshitsugu MIYOSHI, the family head of the Miyoshi family, called out the troops in Shikoku region and they were overwhelmingly dominating.
- 特に道路が未舗装であるなど足場が悪い地域では、車輪を使った台車(大八車やリヤカー)ないし自転車では運搬しにくい。
- Especially in areas of bad traffic conditions due to unpaved roads, hand trucks (such as large carts and trailers towed by bicycle) and bicycles are not easy to use for carrying things.
- 原惣右衛門は飛び降りた際に足をくじき、また神崎与五郎も雪で滑り落ちたが、大事はなく働きにも影響はなかったという。
- Soemon HARA twisted his ankle when he jumped off the gate and Goro KANZAKI also lost his footing and slid down due to snow; however, their injuries were not serious and they managed to perform their duties.
- この系統は堀江氏 (武蔵国)と称し、後北条氏に仕え、後に足柄方面に移住し、神奈川県伊勢原市に現存しているという。
- This line is said to have called itself the Horie clan (Musashi Province) and served the Gohojo clan, and thereafter, have moved to Ashigara district, and be living in Isehara City, Kanagawa Prefecture.
- 更に吉田兼倶(従二位・神祇官)(1435年 - 1511年)は唯一神道(吉田神道)を足利将軍家及び公家に広めた。
- Moreover, Kanetomo YOSHIDA (Junii [Junior Second Rank], Jingikan) (1435-1511) spread Yuiitsu Shinto (One-and-Only Shinto) (Yoshida Shinto) to Ashikaga Shogun and Kuge.
- 最初の運動は、1890年、栃木県足利郡吾妻村(現在の佐野市吾妻地区)会が足尾鉱山の操業停止を求める決議を採択した。
- The first movement developed in 1890 as the association of Azuma Village, Ashikaga County, Tochigi Prefecture (present Azuma district of Sano City) resolved to ask the company to suspend the operations of Ashio mines.
- このため、渡良瀬川は足利市付近で天井川となり、足尾の山林の荒廃とともにカスリーン台風襲来時は洪水の主原因となった。
- This has caused Watarase-gawa River to have a raised bed near Ashikaga City and brought devastation to the forests in Ashio, and when hit by Typhoon Kathleen, it became the major cause of the flood.
- 次に、渡良瀬川から取水する田園や、洪水後、足尾から流れた土砂が堆積した田園で、稲が立ち枯れるという被害が続出した。
- The next damage appeared as rice crops died in the fields that had been drawing water from Watarase-gawa River and in the fields where earth and sand from Ashio had accumulated after the flood.
- 室町幕府第8代将軍・足利義政以来の室町幕府にはできなかったことであり、ここに豊臣秀吉の天下一統が成ったと見てよい。
- The Muromachi Bakufu of the post-eighth shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, could not have attained such a thing, which indicated that Hideyoshi's unification of Japan was fully established at that point.
- 朝敵となることを恥じた尊氏が出家するなど足利側の士気が上がらなかったため、尊氏軍は直義が中心となり作戦行動に出る。
- Since Takauji entered into priesthood because he was ashamed of becoming the Emperor's enemy, the morale of the Ashikaga side was low, thus, Tadayoshi led Takauji's army and performed a mission.
- 海外では、アフリカを中心に多くの開発途上国で食糧不足の問題が深刻化しており、日本でいう欠食児童も多く存在している。
- In other countries, a deficiency of food became a serious problem in many developing countries mainly in Africa and children, a substantial number of so called 'Poorly-fed Children' in Japan, exist.
- 深夜、足立大尉が一人でいたことが不運であったが、事件の背景に乗車していた二軸客車の構造的欠陥があったと指摘された。
- It was unfortunate of Senior Lieutenant Adachi that he was alone in the middle of the night, but at the same time, it was pointed out that a structural flaw of the 2-axle passenger car was a contributing factor to the background of the crime.
- また永楽通宝の使用を禁ずる法令を出したものの、慶長通寳の鋳造量が絶対的に不足し永楽通宝に代えるには不十分であった。
- Although the use of the Eiraku Tsuho coin was banned, the amount of mintage of the Keicho Tsuho was definitely not sufficient to substitute for the Eiraku Tsuho.
- 1900年には憲政党の旧自由党派を中心に伊藤を総裁として立憲政友会が結成され、これを基に第4次伊藤内閣が発足した。
- In 1900 the Rikken seiyukai (立憲政友会 Friends of Constitutional Government, a political party) was formed with members of the Kenseito former Liberal Party faction as its base and Ito as its leader; the fourth Ito Cabinet was inaugurated on the basis of the Rikken seiyukai.
- 義視自身は結局将軍にはなれなかったが、9代将軍となった義尚が早世したため、義視の子・足利義稙が10代将軍となった。
- Yoshimi himself could not become shogun, but after the ninth shogun Yoshihisa died young, a son of Yoshimi, Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, became the 10th shogun.
- このときに義教は朝廷権威を利用し、後花園天皇に対して3代将軍足利義満時代以来であった治罰綸旨と錦御旗の要請を行う。
- On this occasion, Yoshinori asked Emperor Gohanazono, making use of authority of the imperial court, for Jibatsu Rinji (a written document for imperial edicts to hunt down and kill emperor's enemies) and the Imperial standard for the first time since the days of the third shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- その故を持って、その弟の石川石足と子の石川年足は、当時嫡流とされた武智麻呂を祖とする藤原南家と結びつくようになる。
- Yasumaro's younger brother ISHIKAWA no Iwatari and his son ISHIKAWA no Toshitari became associated with the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan which was directly descended from Muchimaro by virtue of Masako's marriage to Fuhito.
- 義貞の戦死後、三男新田義宗が家督を継ぎ、異母兄の新田義興と共に足利家の内乱である観応の擾乱に乗じて各地を転戦する。
- After the death of Yoshisada in the battle, his third son, Yoshimune NITTA succeeded to the family estate, and fought battles in various places jointly with his older paternal half-brother, Yoshioki NITTA under cover of the Kanno Disturbance, a domestic conflict of the Ashikaga clan.
- 鎌倉公方家に仕えた奥州吉良氏は、公方と同じ足利氏の流れを汲む家として「鎌倉公方の御一家」という別格の扱いを受けた。
- The Oshu Kira clan, served the Kamakura kubo family, was treated with the special rank of 'goikke (head and branch family of Ashikaga) of Kamakura kubo' as the family which descended from the Ashikaga clan, same as kubo (shogunal representative).
- 承久の乱以降、足利氏は三河国内に多くの所領を得たが、長氏の吉良氏はその中でも総指揮・監督権を委ねられる立場にある。
- After the Jokyu War, the Ashikaga clan received much of the shoryo (territory) within Mikawa Province, but Osauji of the Kira clan was the position to be entrusted as the supreme commander and the supervisor among them.
- 貞家が成良親王の廂番から奥州管領(奥州探題の前身)にまで出世し、陸奥国多賀城に拠って足利政権の奥州統治の要となる。
- Sadaie was promoted to Oshu Kanrei (shogunate deputy of the northern regions [the former position of the Oshu Tandai who supervised for the civil government and military affairs in Mutsu Province]) from hisashi ban (a person who keeps the night watch staying under the eaves of building) of Imperial Prince Nariyoshi, and settled in Taga-jo Castle in Mutsu Province then became the key person for the Oshu rule of the Ashikaga Administration.
- 旧守護クラスの有力武士を抑制することで成立しようとした建武政権は旧守護クラスが擁立した足利尊氏に破れることとなった。
- The Kenmu government which was established by controlling dominant samurai in the rank of former Shugo (provincial constable) came to be defeated by Takauji ASHIKAGA who was backed up by them.
- 鉄砲製造の起源は、天文 (元号)13年(1544年)、将軍足利義晴より見本の銃を示され作ったのが始まりと伝えられる。
- Firearm production in Kunitomo is reputed to have begun in 1544 when samples were ordered by Shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA.
- 公卿補任の作者は未詳であり成立年代も不明であるが、「歴運記」を基に弘仁以後の分を書き足されていったものと考えられる。
- The authorship and the time when Kugyo-bunin came into existence has not yet been ascertained, but it is believed to be based on 'Rekiunki' and names had been added from the time of Konin.
- 実物もいくつか伝わっているが、実際には履物程度の大きさの木片では浮力が足りず、人間1人を浮かせることは不可能である。
- Some original Mizugumo are handed down, but it is impossible for a person to float with them, as the float from the footwear is too small and thus the buoyancy is insufficient.
- しかしながら、徳山藩の旧記『徳山御還附一件』によると問題の場所はわずか10間足らずの出入りに過ぎなかったようである。
- However, according to an old document named 'Tokuyama Gokanpu Ikken' of the Tokuyama clan, the place in question was located in less than 18 meters inside or outside the boundary.
- また、足利将軍家が発給した五山十刹などの住持を任命(補任)する辞令を「公文」もしくは「公帖(こうじょう)」と呼んだ。
- The letter of appointment issued by Ashikaga Shogun Family to appoint the chief priest of Gozan-Jissetsu (five great Zen temples and ten important temples of Rinzai sect) was also called 'Kumon' or 'Kojo.'
- 東京府、神奈川県、埼玉県、入間県、木更津県、足柄県、印旛県、新治県、茨城県、群馬県、栃木県、宇都宮県、山梨県、静岡県
- Tokyo Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, Saitama Prefecture, Iruma Prefecture, Kisarazu Prefecture, Ashigara Prefecture, Inba Prefecture, Nihari Prefecture, Ibaraki Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture, Tochigi Prefecture, Utsunomiya Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture
- これを右筆書(ゆうひつがき)と呼ぶ(もっとも、足利尊氏のように署名・花押まで右筆に任せてしまう特殊な例外もあった)。
- This is called Yuhitsugaki (there were some special exceptions such as Takauji ASHIKAGA, who even let Yuhitsu write his own signature and Kao.)
- そして、皇極天皇4年(645年)6月12日 (旧暦)、板蓋宮にて中大兄皇子や中臣鎌足らが実行犯となり蘇我入鹿を暗殺。
- Then, on July 13, 645, Naka no Oe no Oji, NAKATOMI no Kamatari, etc. assassinated SOGA no Iruka themselves.
- 室町時代の後半になると関東公方の足利氏が衰微しており、8代松田頼秀は京都に居住していたが、将軍の命で関東に下向した。
- In the late Muromachi period, the Ashikaga clan as Kanto-kubo (Governor-general in Kanto region) declined, and the eighth head Yorihide MATSUDA, who lived in Kyoto, went to Kanto by order of the shogun.
- 始めは人数不足で不利な状況だった薩軍であったが、そのうち伊東隊による応援もあり、どうにか官軍を敗退させることができた。
- Although the Satsuma army was disadvantageous with insufficient soldiers in the beginning, it was reinforced by the Ito-tai troop after a while and managed to drive off the government army.
- 1988年に前橋営林署が足尾地区の治山事業に使用した金額は、2億9400万円であり、栃木県は5億8500万円を投じた。
- In 1988, for the afforestation projects in the Ashio area, the Maebashi Forest Management Office allocated 294 million yen and Tochigi Prefecture spent 585 million yen.
- 赤備え(あかぞなえ)は戦国時代 (日本)の軍団編成の一種で、具足、旗差物などのあらゆる武具を朱塗りにした部隊編成の事。
- Akazonae (red arms) is a kind of military organization in the Sengoku period (Japan), which is a troop formation of which all arms including armor and flag were colored red.
- マニュファクチュア生産は、大坂周辺や尾張国の綿織物業、桐生市・足利市・結城市など北関東地方の絹織物業などでおこなわれた。
- Manufacture developed in the cotton fabrics industry around Osaka and Owari Province as well as the silk fabrics industry in the north Kanto region such as Kiryu City, Ashikaga city, Yuki City and so on.
- 足利義昭や毛利輝元は当時から織田方の敗北を喧伝していたし、雑賀衆も半年もたたないうちに再度挙兵して信長と戦うようになる。
- Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA and Terumoto MORI had trumpeted the defeat of the Oda side in those days, and Saiga shu rose an army again and fought with Nobunaga within half a year.
- 辛亥年七月中記乎獲居臣上祖名意富比垝其児多加利足尼其児名弖已加利獲居其児名多加披次獲居其児名多沙鬼獲居其児名半弖比(表)
- In July, the year of Shingai, this is inscribed; Owake no Omi (subject); His ancestor's name was Ohohiko; His child's (name) was Takari no Sukune; The name of his child was Teyokariwake; The name of his child was Takahi(ha)shiwake; The name of his child was Tasakiwake; The name of his child was Hatehi (the front side).
- それに対し、従来の「百済重視」の外交路線をとる中臣鎌足や中大兄皇子ら保守派が「開明派」の蘇我氏を倒したと言うものである。
- On the other hand, the conservatives like NAKATOMI no Kamako and Prince Naka no Oe were in favor of their original 'Baekje focused' policy, and therefore destroyed the Soga clan who were 'liberals.'
- 北方開拓を重視する政府の姿勢の表れだが、初めの数年は力不足で、内実が伴いはじめるのは明治4年(1871年)からであった。
- It reflected the government's focus on the development of the northern island, but the reclamation of Ezo did not work for the first few years due to the inadequate system and it was not until 1871 that the government effort finally paid off.
- 数に劣る浅井・朝倉軍が織田軍に対して夜襲を仕掛け浮き足立っていたが徳川や横山城からの救援により敵軍を撤退させたという説。
- A theory suggests that Asai and Asakura troops, which were outnumbered by Oda's, provoked a night attack against Oda troops and were backing away from them, but they made the enemy retreat with the back-up troops from Tokugawa and Yokoyama-jo Castle.
- ところで明応の政変で追われた前将軍足利義稙(義材、のち義稙)は、明応8年(1499年)以来周防国の大内義興を頼っていた。
- Meanwhile, the former shogun Yoshitada ASHIKAGA (Yoshiki, later known as Yoshitane), who was displaced by the Meio Coup, had been relying on Yoshioki OUCHI in Suo Province since 1499.
- 奥書によると、浅羽民部少輔なる人物が宝徳3年(1451年)8月に鎌倉公方足利持氏の最後の日記として書き留めたものである。
- According to the okugaki (postscript), a person called Asaba Minbu shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of Popular Affairs) scribed the book as the last diary of Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) Mochiuji ASHIKAGA in September 1451.
- 観応の擾乱に伴う幕府行政組織の崩壊に伴って衰退・廃止に至ったと考えられ、足利義満の時代には存在しなかったと見られている。
- It is considered that Naisogata declined and was eventually abolished in the wake of the collapse of bakufu's administrative organization caused by the Kanno Disturbance and it didn't exist in the era of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- 明応2年(1493年)2月、畠山政長は河内国平定のため、足利義稙を擁した幕府軍を率いて畠山義豊(畠山義就の子)を攻めた。
- In February 1493, Masanaga HATAKEYAMA led the army of bakufu, to which Yoshitane ASHIKAGA belonged, and attacked Yoshitoyo HATAKEYAMA (son of Yoshinari HATAKEYAMA) in order to suppress the Kawachi Province.
- しかし、家慶の死後に後を継いだ家定は将軍就任後、更に病状を悪化させて時には廃人に近い状態となり政務が満足に行えなかった。
- However, Iesada who succeeded Ieyoshi after his death became extremely ill and often almost disabled and could not administer government affairs satisfactorily.
- 年足は、武智麻呂次男の藤原仲麻呂が設立した紫微中台の大弼としてその補佐に当たり、中流貴族としてなんとかその命脈を保った。
- Toshitari served as Daihitsu (senior assistant president) to the Shibi chudai (the office handled the principal Empress Komyo's affairs) which was established by FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (the second son of Muchimaro), and barely maintained his standing as a middle class nobility.
- そして、昭和60年(1985年)4月に日本専売公社を廃止して日本たばこ産業が発足し、ついにタバコの専売制度は廃止された。
- And in April, 1985, when the Japan Monopoly Corporation was abolished and Japan Tobacco was created, finally the monopolization of tobacco was abolished.
- 左大臣 阿倍内麻呂(あべのうちまろのおみ)、右大臣 蘇我倉山田石川麻呂(そがのくらやまだのいしかわまろ)、内臣 藤原鎌足
- Sadaijin (minister of the left): ABE no Uchimaro, Udaijin (minister of the right): SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro, Naishin: FUJIWARA no Kamatari.
- 藤田をはじめとする主な人物はただ倉の中に放り込まれただけであったが、その他のものはきつく手枷足枷をはめられ閉じこめれた。
- The core members including Fujita were just imprisoned in the storehouse, but others were tightly shackled and confined.
- そのためなかなか決着はつかず、1489年には義尚が陣中に没したため、足かけ3年にわたった戦いは終結、六角氏は生き残った。
- So, the battle did not easily end, but the death of Yoshihisa in battle in 1489 marked the end of the three-year conflict, and the Rokkaku clan survived.
- 長州藩の山縣有朋や伊藤博文が資料などの記述で、足軽扱いされるのは本来の広く一般的に知られる中間と紛らわしいためであろう。
- The class of Aritomo YAMAGATA and Hirobumi ITO of the Choshu Domain is given as ashigaru in historical sources because the term special chugen would have been likely to be misleading and easily mixed up with widely and generally known chugen.
- しかし、義種の後を継いだ斯波満種が1414年に将軍足利義持の怒りを買って高野山に蟄居させられると、加賀守護の座を失った。
- However, when Mitsutane SHIBA, a successor of Yoshitane, offended Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA in 1414 and was placed under house arrest in Mt. Koya, he lost the position of the Shugo of Kaga Province.
- 12月4日郵政局開局祝賀宴に際し事大派要人を襲撃、その後王宮内で6人の大臣を殺害するなどして5日に新しい政権を発足させた。
- On December 4, the Enlightenment Party attacked leaders of Serving the Great Party in a banquet to celebrate the opening of the Postal Agency and six ministers in the palace, and inaugurated a new administration on the 5th.
- 忠棟は朝鮮に出陣しておらず、忠恒らは補給不足の原因が忠棟にあると考えていたことなどもあり島津氏家臣からも深く恨まれていた。
- Tadamune didn't go to Korea, so he was blamed for the insufficient supplies for Tadatsune and was borne a grudge against by the other vassals of the Shimazu clan.
- 1981年9月7日に足尾町の中才浄水場から排出された排水から、基準値の2倍、協定値の3倍の銅が検出されたというものがある。
- On September 7, 1981, twice the standard level of copper and three times the value of the agreement level of copper was detected from wastewater discharged from the Nakasai water treatment plant in Ashio-machi.
- しかしながら、河野が本営に帰還するよう命じられたことによる右翼の指揮官が不在となり、官軍の援軍の参戦、弾薬の不足となった。
- However, since KONO was ordered to return to the headquarters, the commander of the right flank became absent, and the Satsuma army ran out of ammunition, but on the other hand, reinforcements for the government army arrived.
- 但し、各足軽部隊を前線に、騎馬武者隊を後方に置き、前者で戦線を形成し、それを後者で突破するというのは基本であった様である。
- However, it seems that the basic strategy was to place the foot soldiers in the front and the cavalrymen in the rear, forming a battle front with the former and penetrating through it with the latter.
- だが、永徳2年(1382年)将軍である足利義満が左大臣に加えて院司の長である院執事に就任して伝奏以下を指揮することになった
- But in 1382, as the shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA took the post of In no shitsushi (steward of the retired emperor), which was the chief of Inshi (official of In no cho, or retired emperor's office) in addition to the post of Sadaijin (Minister of the left), he took the charge of administrating people of tenso status or below.
- 民衆は無秩序に食料を求めて朝鮮・明軍・日本軍を襲い、食料調達が不足した日本軍・明軍・朝鮮軍は朝鮮民衆から現地徴発を行った。
- Common people attacked the troops of Korea, Ming and Japan disorderly looking for food and the latter, which suffered short supply of food, conducted local procurement from common people of Korea.
- だが、足利義満の時代に室町幕府が京都市中の支配権を完全に掌握すると、検非違使は事実上廃止されて地奉行に権限が一本化された。
- But once the Muromachi bakufu took total control of the city of Kyoto in Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA's day, the post of kebiishi was virtually abolished and the authority was granted to jibugyo exclusively.
- 主として兵粮奉行(兵粮奉行)率いる、およそ50名から100名の足軽等に護衛された人夫(陣夫)が駄馬や車輌を用いて運搬した。
- Principally, laborers (servicemen) guarded by fifty to a hundred ashigaru (common foot soldiers) who are all directed by hyoro bugyo (food supply administrator) carried goods on packhorses or vehicles.
- 更に神火による正倉焼失などに反映される地方政治の腐敗も深刻化して、各地の正税は急速に不足するようになった(「正税用尽」)。
- Besides, the corruption of local governments became more critical as reflected on the shoso burned out by sacred flame, therefore, shozei in each province was running short rapidly ('Shozei yojin').
- 明六社が発足してより約一年後、社長であった森有礼は『明六雑誌』の毎月の売れた部数は平均3205冊であると演説で述べている。
- About one year after Meirokusha was established, Arinori MORI who was the president told that the average sales of 'Meiroku Zasshi' every month was 3,205 in a speech.
- 播磨国竜野藩主脇坂安照と備中国足守藩主木下公定の両名には赤穂城収城使を命じ、また収城目付に旗本荒木政羽と榊原政殊を任じた。
- The lord of Tatsuno Domain in Harima Province, Yasuteru WAKISAKA, and the lord of Ashimori Domain in Bicchu Province, Kinsada KINOSHITA, were ordered to be in charge of the surrender of Ako-jo Castle, and hatamoto Masahane ARAKI and Masayoshi SAKAKIBARA were appointed as metsuke for the surrender.
- このうち安倍氏が陸奥国の国司と争いになり、これに河内源氏の源頼義が介入し足掛け12年に渡って戦われたのが前九年の役である。
- Then, one of them, the Abe clan, started a fight against kokushi (provincial officers dispatched by the central government) of Mutsu Province, and MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi from Kawachi-Genji (the Minamoto clan) intervened in it; this led to the battle known as the Zenkunen War (the Early Nine Years' War), which continued for as many as twelve years in total.
- 勢いづいた武敏は阿蘇惟直・秋月種道・蒲池武久・星野家能等を誘って多々良浜の戦いで足利方と戦ったが敗北し、菊池に逃げ帰った。
- The encouraged Taketoshi, fought against the Ashikaga side, in the Battle of Tatarahama with Korenori ASO, Tanemichi AKIZUKI, Takehisa HASUIKE, Ieyoshi HOSHINO and others, but lost the fight and withdrew to Kikuchi.
- 特に、15代将軍足利義昭については、武家御所と称され、またかつての庇護者 織田信長と対立してよりは悪しき御所とも称された。
- Furthermore, the fifteenth Shogun, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, was referred to as Buke Gosho (Samurai Gosho), but was also called Ashiki Gosho (Evil Gosho) after he was opposed to his ex-mentor, Nobunaga ODA.
- 1951年(昭和26年)3月1日 - 宇治町・槇島村・小倉村・大久保村が宇治郡東宇治町と合併し、宇治市が発足、郡より離脱。
- March 1, 1951: Uji-cho, Makishima-mura, Ogura-mura, Okubo-mura, and Higashi-uji-cho in Uji-gun were merged to form Uji City, and Uji City was separated from the gun (district) system.
- そこで、明治元年閏4月21日、日本の官制が公布され(政体書体制)、さらに翌年、律令制の二官八省を模した二官六省制が発足する。
- Therefore, on June 11, 1868, the 'Japanese government organization' law was issued (the Constitution of 1868), and the next year a system of two departments and six ministries, which was modeled on the Ritsuryo system of two departments and eight ministries, was set up.
- これは中西新八郎と宮脇平四郎のみが裏切ったわけではなく、中西新八郎らの説得に応じた守備兵力の足軽大将らが加わったためである。
- This was not only because of betrayal of Shinpachiro NAKANISHI and Heishiro MIYAWAKI, but also because a certain number of ashigaru taisho (samurai in command of a troop of foot soldiers) of the garrison force had been convinced by Shinpachiro NAKANISHI and so on.
- この法令が出される前年貞治6年11月25日 (旧暦)(正平22年/1367年12月17日)に2代将軍足利義詮が危篤となった。
- In the year before the enactment of the law on December 25, 1367, the second Shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA fell critically ill.
- 寿永・治承の内乱から奥州合戦に至るまでの恩賞給与に当たっては、関東武士らの満足が得られるものとなるよう最深の注意を傾注した。
- He paid careful attention to ensure that Kanto samurai warriors were content with the rewards they received during the period between the Jisho-Juei Civil War and the Battle of Oshu.
- そのため、明軍の略奪と合わせて日本軍が一歩も足を踏み入れていない平安道も荒廃して開戦当初の人口を養いきれずに人口が激減した。
- Therefore, together with despoliation by troops of Ming, even Pyeongan Province, in which no Japanese troops entered, went to pot and could not feed the population just before the commencement of the war and the population decreased drastically.
- 南北朝分裂の時代を経て、室町幕府3代将軍足利義満の時代、1392年にようやく南北両朝は合一し、文化の中心は再び京都へ戻った。
- After the period of separation, the Northern and Southern Courts were at last unified in A.D. 1392, when Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA reigned over the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as the third shogun, and the center stage of Japanese culture returned to Kyoto.
- 軍事的には織田信長が足利義昭を奉じて京都に上洛したときや朝倉氏追討戦、姉川の戦いなどで家康は信長に対して援軍を派遣している。
- When Nobunaga ODA conformed to Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA strategically to visit the capital in Kyoto, Ieyasu dispatched reinforcement to Nobunaga for hunting down the Asakura clan, for the Battle of Anegawa, and so on.
- 嘉吉元年(1441年)、赤松満祐・赤松教康父子が結城合戦の祝勝会で、第6代将軍・足利義教を謀殺するという嘉吉の乱が起こった。
- In 1441, Mitsusuke AKAMATSU and his son Noriyasu AKAMATSU deliberately murdered the sixth Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA at a feast celebrating the victory of the Yuki War, leading to the Kakitsu War.
- 貞治6年(1367年)、足利義詮は斯波直持と吉良貞経を奥州管領として治家を追討するように命じ、さらに石橋棟義を派遣してきた。
- In 1367, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA gave an order that Tadamochi SHIBA and Sadatsune KIRA to be as Oshu Kanrei to hunt down and kill Haruie, and Muneyoshi ISHIBASHI was also dispatched.
- 1983年3月 3府県知事、関西経済連合会会長、学識経験者などを代表委員とする「関西文化学術研究都市建設推進協議会」が発足。
- March, 1983: 'Kansai Science City Construction Promotion Conference' was inaugurated, with the governors of the three prefectures, chairman of Kansai Economic Federation and some academic experts.
- 江戸時代に福岡藩の学者青柳種信・長野種正・伊藤常足らが鴻臚館の位置を博多の官内町だと唱え、この説は大正まで広く信じられていた。
- The opinion advocated by scholars in Fukuoka Domain in the Edo period including Tanenobu AOYAGI, Tanemasa NAGANO and Tsunetari ITO, that the construction site of Korokan was Kannai-cho in Hakata had been widely believed until the Taisho period.
- そのため、律令の規定を補足・改正する格(きゃく)や律令や格を実際に施行する上での細則である式(しき)が制定されるようになった。
- Therefore, '格' ('Ge') for supplemental or amendment purposes, and '式' ('Shi') for the actual enforcement of Luli and Ge as their bylaws were also developed and enacted.
- その土地を賃租し、地子(賃租の利益)を今まで持ち主不在であった土地の租税分に充てることで、中央財源の不足を補うべきと主張した。
- He insisted that the government should make up for the deficit by leasing such lands and applying the jishi (profit from the land rent) to the land tax of absentee owner land.
- 一方、政元も明応の政変によって将軍足利義稙を京都から追放して管領主導の政権を樹立したために諸国の守護大名達の反感を買っていた。
- Meanwhile, Masamoto banished Shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA from Kyoto by the Coup of Meio and established an administration led by Kanrei (shogunal deputy) which caused provincial military governors to hold ill feelings against him.
- 1898年のいわゆる「隈板内閣」の成立に危機感を抱いた超然主義者の貴族院議員が無所属団を発足させて幸倶楽部内に事務所を設けた。
- Some members of the House of Peers with the doctrine of superiority, who had a sense of crisis about the establishment of so-called Okuma-Itagaki cabinet in 1898, set up an independent group and maintained its office in the Saiwai-club building.
- 1336年(建武 (日本)3年)5月、湊川の戦いで足利尊氏率いる北朝 (日本)方に敗北した南朝 (日本)方は、比叡山に逃れた。
- In May 1336, the Southern Court (Japan) side was defeated by the Northern Court (Japan) side led by Takauji ASHIKAGA in the Battle of Minato-gawa River, and escaped to Mt. Hiei.
- しかし実際には、新政府発足以来、この4藩出身者の中で熾烈な権力闘争・路線闘争が展開されることによって明治政府が運営されていた。
- However, virtually since the inauguration of the new government, the Meiji Government was administered in an environment of severe conflict over authority and policy among the former members of the Four Domains.
- 667年に天智天皇(当時中大兄皇子)は宮都を飛鳥から近江大津(近江宮)へ遷し、668年には即位し、新たな政治体制を発足させた。
- In the year 667, the Emperor Tenchi (then 'Naka no Oe no Oji', Prince Naka no Oe) moved the imperial capital from Asuka to Otsu in the Omi Province (Omi no miya), and took over the throne in 668 to start a new government.
- そのため、篭城策を取るものと思い込んでいた本願寺軍は浮き足立って敗走し、石山本願寺に退却した(天王寺の戦い (1576年))。
- Having thought that the Oda army would choose to hold the fortress, the Hongan-ji Temple army disconcertedly took flight and retreated to Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple (the Battle of Tenno-ji Temple, 1576).
- また篠町には足利高氏の挙兵の地となった篠村八幡宮があるなど当市域は鎌倉時代・南北朝時代 (日本)を通じて源氏の一拠点となった。
- Takauji ASHIKAGA took up arms at the Shinomura-Hachimangu Shrine in Shino-cho, making the Kameoka area a base for the Minamoto clan through the Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 京都にあって奉公衆三番頭となる一方、御部屋衆、御供衆、申次衆を代々務めるなど、足利将軍家の近臣として幕府の中枢の業務を担った。
- In Kyoto, the family, as a trusted vassal of Ashikaga Shogun family, served not merely as the leader of the third squad of Hokoshu (shogunal military guard) but also as Oheyashu (the person in charge of keeping night watch of the shogun's bed chamber), Otomoshu (attendant group who attended the Shogun Takauji Ashikaga to go up to the ancient capital kyoto), and Moshitsugishu (a civil servant post in Muromachi Shorgunate) for generations.
- さらに西欧の近代鉱山技術を導入した結果、足尾銅山は日本最大の鉱山となり、年間生産量数千トンをかぞえる東アジア一の銅の産地となる。
- As a result of the introduction of Western modern mining technology, Ashio copper mine became Japan's largest copper producer and became the largest in East Asia which produced thousands of tons annually.
- 当初鎌倉幕府はこうした業者を禁止していたが、京都の朝廷では財源不足を補うために酒屋を認めてその代わりに酒造役(壷銭)を徴収した。
- Although the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) initially prohibited such operation of business, the Imperial Court in Kyoto permitted the sakaya business but collected sake-related tax called shuzo-yaku (or tsubo-sen) instead, to compensate for its financial shortage.
- 合計…侍35人、奉公人112人、足軽141人、中間5人、人夫39人、口取22人(計354人) 乗馬32頭、駄馬22頭(計54頭)
- In total, there were 35 samurai, 112 servants, 141 foot soldiers, 5 chugen, 39 laborers, 22 kuchitori (total of 354), 32 cavalry horses and 22 packhorses (total of 54 horses).
- この間鉄道は「物珍しい先進国の技術」から始まって、旅行の足、産業発展に不可欠な輸送機関、戦争遂行のための道具などの責務を担った。
- Around this time, what began as a 'curious technology from an advanced country' moved on to serve as a means of travel, an indispensable means of transportation for industrial development, and a tool for war and other functions.
- 天慶2年(939年)2月、武蔵国へ新たに赴任した受領、興世王と介源経基(清和源氏の祖)が、足立郡の郡司武蔵武芝との紛争に陥った。
- In February 939, Prince Okiyo and MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto (an ancestor of the Seiwa-Genji), who had been recently appointed as Zuryo (Provincial Governor) and Suke (Assistant Provincial Governor) of Musashi Province respectively, were involved in a conflict with MUSASHI no Takeshiba, the Gunji (Local Magistrate) of Adachi County.
- この頃には江戸の同志や遅れて出した同志も足して130人を超えていたが、神文返しによってその数は60人以下になったといわれている。
- Although their comrades totaled over 130 people including the ones in Edo and who handed it in later, the number went down to less than 60 after giving the oath back.
- 京都に政権中枢があった室町時代には、将軍足利義満の時代に、征夷大将軍直属の軍勢として西ヶ岡土豪衆を中心に「奉公衆」が結成された。
- Under the rein of Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA during the Muromachi period when the capital was located in Kyoto, forces under the direct control of the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), 'Hokoshu' (literally vassal group) were organized mainly from local powerful clans in Nishigaoka.
- 山科は古代より政権との結びつきが深く、669年には中臣鎌足によって精舎(山階寺)が作られ、7世紀末には天智天皇陵などが作られた。
- Since ancient times Yamashina has had a close relation with governments; a garden for monks (Yamashina-dera Temple) was founded by NAKATOMI no Kamatari in 669 and the Imperial mausoleum of Emperor Tenji (Tenchi) was built in the late seventh century.
- 例えば、天保12年(1841年)の紀州徳川家11代藩主徳川斉順の参勤交代では、武士1639人、人足2337人、馬103頭を擁した。
- For example, the sankin-kotai carried out by Nariyuki TOKUGAWA, the eleventh lord of the Kishu Tokugawa Family in 1841 consisted of 1639 warriors, 2337 laborers, 103 horses.
- これは正規の年官であった目 (国司)や史生などへの応募者が減少したことにより、そこから上がる任料収入の不足に対応したものであった。
- This was because, since the applicants for sakan (kokushi) and shisho (a person doing miscellaneous duties concerning documents) of the regular nenkan decreased, rinjikyu was devised to cope with the shortage of ninryo (fee for getting an official rank) income.
- 諸藩には「上士・徒士(かち)・卒または足軽」と藩士を3階級に分ける制が見られるが、このうち上層2身分(騎士と徒士)が士分とされる。
- In some domains, retainers were classified into 3 classes, 'Joshi, Kachi, Sotsu or Ashigaru,' but the top two classes (Kishi and Kachi) were considered Shibun.
- 義貞は三島で軍を集結させると軍を二方面に分け、自らは搦め手軍を率いて箱根峠に進み、大手軍は実弟脇屋義助を大将に足柄峠へ進軍させる。
- Yoshisada gathered his army in Mishima and split them into two directions, then he led the rear force and headed for Hakone-toge Pass, meanwhile, his younger brother, Yoshisuke WAKIYA led the front force and headed for Ashigara-toge Pass.
- 菱の実、あるいはそれを模したものも三角錐の形状をしており、基本的にどのように置かれても、刺が追っ手の足を傷つけるように出来ている。
- The fruit (nut) of hishi (water chestnut; Trapa japonica) or similar article has a triangular pyramid shape, and basically its spines are designed to hurt pursuers' feet no matter how it is placed.
- 実際には、流通に足りる金貨が常備できない、高額になりがちな金貨は持ち運びが不便などの理由により、金貨を流通させられない場合が多い。
- In practice, it often happens that gold coins are not suitable for circulation of currency due to the shortage of the reserved coin and its inconvenience of portability due to its value.
- 1999年に建設省が足尾地区の治山事業に投じた金額は、20億3000万円であり、栃木県は8億円、林野庁は2億5000万円を投じた。
- For the afforestation project in the Ashio area, in 1999, the Ministry of Construction allocated 2.03 billion yen, Tochigi Prefecture spent 800 million yen, and the Ministry of Forestry spent 250 million yen.
- 同藩が発行した特殊な藩札として、額面が郷人足一人、半人の郷人足札、三百目から二十目までの銀建ての高額面の札である銀方札座札がある。
- As for special han bills, the domain issued goninsokusatsu with face values of one laborer and a half laborer, and ginhousatsuzasatsu exchangeable for large amounts of silver coins (from 20 me [unit of old currency] to 300 me).
- 滅亡の危機に瀕した奥州吉良氏であるが、初代鎌倉公方の足利基氏から招かれた治家が上野国飽間郷に移住すると、徐々に勢力を回復し始める。
- Oshu Kira clan was on the verge of the extinction, but Haruie restored power gradually after Motouji ASHIKAGA of the first Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) invited him to relocate into Akima-go, Kozuke Province.
- 1409年に管領職を譲られた孫の斯波義淳もまもなく解任され、足利義教が6代将軍に就任するまで長い間、幕府から冷遇される事となった。
- After Yoshiatsu SHIBA, a grandchild of Yoshimasa who had been given the Kanryo shoku (a post of Chief Adviser) in 1409, was soon dismissed, the Shiba clan had been treated coldly by Bakufu for a long time until the inauguration of the sixth Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA.
- 乙巳の変(いっしのへん・おっしのへん)は天智天皇、藤原鎌足らが宮中で蘇我入鹿を暗殺して蘇我氏(蘇我本宗家)を滅ぼした飛鳥時代の政変。
- The Isshi Incident was a coup which occurred during Asuka period when Emperor Tenchi and FUJIWARA no Kamatari assassinated SOGA no Iruka inside the Imperial Court, which led to the fall of the Soga clan (head family of the Soga clan).
- 薩軍は勇戦し、4月9日、再び隈府に攻め入った官軍を撃退したが、弾丸・武器の不足によりこれ以上の戦闘を不可能と考え、赤星坂へ撤退した。
- On April 9, the Satsuma army bravely fought and drove off the government army that invaded Waifu again, but according to the judgment that it could not keep on fighting due to lack of bullets and arms, it retreated to Akahoshizaka.
- 特に7月信濃国で諏訪氏の支援のもと蜂起した北条時行は、各地の反建武政権勢力を吸収し、足利直義を追い出し、鎌倉を占領する勢いを見せた。
- In particular, Tokiyuki HOJO who rose in revolt with the support of the Suwa clan in Shinano Province in July gathered the anti-Kenmu government forces around the country and got enough momentum to remove Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA and occupy Kamakura.
- しかし、明治政府は「この書面の幕府側の署名は、京都の新政府発足後のもので、外交的権限を有しないもの」である旨をもって、却下している。
- However, the Meiji government dismissed it for 'the bakufu signed the document after the inauguration of the new government in Kyoto; therefore it does not have diplomatic authority.'
- そのため、犯罪者の更生を主な目的とした収容施設を作ることを火付盗賊改方長官である長谷川宣以が松平定信に提案し、人足寄場が設置された。
- Therefore, Nobutame HASEGAWA, Director for Hitsuke Tozoku Aratame-kata (Investigative Division for Arson and Organized Robbery), suggested to Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA that an accomodation facility should be built mainly for the purpose of rehabilitation of criminals, so Ninsokuyoseba was set up.
- 明治政府が戊辰戦争に多額の費用を要し、殖産興業の資金が不足したので、参与兼会計事務掛三岡八郎(由利公正)の建議によって、発行された。
- Dajokan bills were issued based on the proposal of Hachiro MITSUOKA (also known as Kimimasa YURI), who was a Sanyo (government consultant) and accountant, in order to compensate for the lack of funds caused by the Boshin War (civil war) and to support the Meiji government in implementing its policy of promoting new industries.
- 越中公方(えっちゅうくぼう)とは、1493年に室町幕府将軍を廃されたものの京都を脱出した足利義稙が越中国射水郡放生津で樹立した政権。
- Ecchu Kubo was a government which was established at Hojozu, Imizu county, Ecchu Province by Yoshitane ASHIKAGA who was deposed as the shogun of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and escaped from Kyoto in 1493.
- だが、1568年、織田信長が15代将軍・足利義昭を奉じて入京してきたときには、もはや三好氏には織田氏に対抗できるような力は無かった。
- But in 1586 when Nobunaga ODA entered the capital Kyoto under the 15th shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, Miyoshi clan did not have the strength to hold out against Oda clan.
- 昭和44年(1969年)10月には親会社であったニチボー株式会社と合併し、ユニチカ株式会社が発足し、総合化学メーカーとして歩み出す。
- In October 1969, Nippon Rayon Co., Ltd. and its parent company, Nichibo Co., Ltd. were merged to form Unittika, Ltd., paving the way for the diversified chemicals manufacturer.
- 初め荒川氏を称してたが、荒川易氏のときに征夷大将軍足利義尚から信濃国伊那郡の一部を与えられ、易氏の孫の伊奈易次の代に伊奈熊蔵と号した。
- Although the family first referred to itself as the Arakawa clan, Yasutsugu INA, a grandson of Yasuuji ARAKAWA who had been given a part of Ina County, Shinano Province, by the Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, called himself Kumazo INA.
- 資料的な信用度が高いとされる池田本の方では1000丁と書かれた後に「三」の字が脇に書き足されたようになっている点に信憑性の問題がある。
- The Ikeda book, which is considered to be more reliable, also raises a question as to its reliability since the character of '三' (three) seems to have been added alongside 'a thousand teppo' in the main text.
- 元は租庸調として各国より特産品が実物の形で貢納されて中央で消費されていたが、その不足分を補うために行われた制度であると考えられている。
- Originally, specialty goods from each province were sent as Soyocho tithes to the central government and consumed there but it is considered that this system was established to make up a shortfall.
- 東山御物(ひがしやまぎょもつ/ひがしやまごもつ)とは、室町幕府8代征夷大将軍足利義政によって収集された絵画・茶器・花器・文具などの称。
- Higashiyama gyomotsu (Higashiyama gomotsu) refers to the paintings, chaki (tea utensils), kaki (flower vase), stationery and other items collected by Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, the eighth seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the eastern barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 南北朝を統一し、安定政権を築いた足利義満が、正式に明からの冊封を受けることで、15世紀初頭から日明貿易(勘合貿易)が開始するのである。
- The trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty in China (the tally trade - between Japan and the Ming Dynasty) started from the early 15th century when Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA who unified the Northern and Southern Courts and established his stable political administration officially received sakuho (homage by Chinese emperors) from Ming Dynasty.
- 土器の生産は集落ごとに行われ、集落ごとに自給自足によりまかなわれたと漠然と考えられているが、土器生産に関する遺構はほとんど事例がない。
- Earthenware was manufactured in each settlement and it is vaguely believed that the material was self-sufficient in each settlement, but there was hardly any case of ancient structural remnants for earthenware manufacturing found.
- 1951年(昭和26年)3月1日 - 東宇治町が久世郡宇治町・槙島村・小倉村・大久保村と合併し、宇治市が発足、郡より離脱したため消滅。
- March 1, 1951: Higashi Uji Town joined with Uji Town and villages of Makishima, Ogura and Okubo of Kuse District to form Uji City while the Uji District disappeared since it separated from the district.
- それ以外にも、財政支出を抑えながら有為な人材を登用する足高制、漢訳洋書禁輸の緩和や甘藷栽培の奨励、目安箱の設置その他の改革をおこなった。
- In addition to the above, he also carried out reforms that included the salary supplements system (tashidaka) for certain key jobs to appoint promising personnel while reining in government spending, deregulating the prohibition of Western books in Chinese version, encouraged the cultivation of sweet potatoes, and established a complaints box as well as other reforms.
- それより前の1346年(貞和2)にも、上松浦の何人かの武士が、度々足利方について戦った恩賞として、肥前国河副庄の配分をうけたことがある。
- Several bushi of Kamimatsuura received the Kawasoe no Sho Residence of Hizen Province in 1346 for a reward for fighting along side the Ashikaga several times.
- 百寮訓要抄(ひゃくりょうくんようしょう)は、南北朝時代 (日本)に関白二条良基が室町幕府征夷大将軍足利義満のために執筆有職故実の解説書。
- Hyakuryo Kunyosho was a book on the study of ancient courtly traditions and etiquette which Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) Yoshimoto Nijo wrote for Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians) of the Muromachi bakufu.
- 歴代の足利将軍は禅宗に帰依し、これを保護したため、京都を中心に禅宗寺院が隆盛し、そこから造園、文学、茶道など、さまざまな文化が生まれた。
- Successive shoguns of the Muromachi bakufu devoutly believed in and patronized the Zen sect of Buddhism, so Zen-sect-style temples were constructed one after another mainly in Kyoto, and these temples became the stage of various kinds of culture, such as landscape gardening, literature, and Japanese tea ceremony.
- しかし、江戸時代になると状況は一変し、無足の俸禄支給の経費を節減するため、むしろ忍者を抜けて帰農することが歓迎されたようである(後述)。
- In Edo period, however, the circumstances changed, and they seemed to be rather favorably accepted to quit Ninja and return to field, because it helped reducing the cost for Musoku's salary (later mention).
- そのため、四文銭を銅銭に復帰することとしたが、産出量の絶対的不足から生じた銅地金の高騰などから量目を減じた銅四文銭を発行することになった。
- Thus, shimonsen was changed to the original bronze coin, however, the price of copper rose due to a lack of production, so shisenmon coin was made with less copper.
- 藤姓塩谷氏は、約260年~300年間に渡り続くが、応永30年(1423年)8月9日、塩谷教綱の時、鎌倉公方足利持氏と結び、宇都宮氏に謀反。
- The SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family lasted for approximately 260 to 300 years, but on September 22, 1423, during the period of Noritsuna SHIONOYA, the family collaborated with Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura Kubo, and raised a rebellion against the UTSUNOMIYA clan.
- 以後戦線は膠着し、日本軍は兵糧不足に陥り、明軍は数万匹の馬が餓死するなど、双方が兵站に苦しむこととなると、講和交渉が開始され休戦に入った。
- Afterward, the battle drew to a stalemate as both sides suffered from logistical problems; the Japanese forces ran out of provisions while the Ming lost hundreds of thousands of horses due to starvation, which led to the discussion of a peace treaty and then to a truce agreement.
- 田中正造の直訴後、学生が相次いで団体で足尾見学に向かうなど、世論の盛り上がりにあわてた政府は、1902年に第二次鉱毒調査委員会を設置した。
- After Shozo TANAKA made direct appeals to the government, popular opinion changed in the residents' favor as many groups of college students visited Ashio one after another, and the government, realizing it could become a threat, hastily set up the second Research Committee of the Mining Pollution in 1902.
- これは師である程頤・ 程顥のテキスト・クリティークを継承して朱子が完成させたもので、脱落したと思われる箇所は朱子がわざわざ書き足している。
- Zhu Xi took over the critique of the text from his teachers Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, and completed it by adding the words and phrases he thought had been dropped.
- 貞治5年8月8日 (旧暦)(1366年9月13日)将軍足利義詮は突如、斯波高経の陰謀が露顕したと称して、軍勢を三条坊門の幕府に集結させた。
- On September 13, 1366, shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA suddenly gathered his troops at the bakufu located at Sanjo bomon on the pretext of Takatsune SHIBA's conspiracy.
- 著名なものとして鎌倉幕府の執権北条泰時が編纂した御成敗式目(貞永式目)及び室町幕府の施政方針として足利直義が編纂した建武式目が著名である。
- The well-known shikimoku were Goseibai-shikimoku or Joe-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai) compiled by Yasutoki HOJO, the regent of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and Kenmu Code compiled by Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA as an administrative policy of the Muromachi bakufu.
- 室町時代において左馬頭は、足利直義が左馬頭になったのを嘉例とし、将軍の後見職(副将軍的な存在)あるいは次期将軍が就任する官職と見なされた。
- Taking it as a good example that Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA was appointed to Sama no kami, Sama no kami in the Muromachi period was regarded as a government post taken by Kokenshoku (post of guardian) of Shogun (existence like vice-shogun) or by Shogun-in-waiting.
- 流通は90年以上に亘る長期間であったため、折れ、欠け、磨耗による軽目金が次第に多くなり、このようなものは金座で足し金を行い修理が行われた。
- The Karumekin which was broken, chipped and chafed were increasing, having been circulated more than 90 years, and such Koban was mended in kin-za (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of gold during the Edo period) by adding gold.
- 元和 (日本)元年(1615年)一国一城令によって主城以外が破却された後、取立てられた家や分知大名が多数出現して与うるべき城地が不足する。
- After castles other than main castles were abandoned by Ikkoku Ichijo Rei (Law of One Castle per Province) in1615, many daimyos who were newly promoted or who had their domains subdivided appeared, causing the lack of the sites to be given for building castles.
- 道祖王(麻度比と改名)、黄文王(久奈多夫礼と改名)、古麻呂、東人、犢養、角足(乃呂志と改名)は同日、過酷な拷問に耐えかねて次々と絶命した。
- Funado no Okimi (changed his name to Madohi), Prince Kibumi (changed his name to Kunatabure), Komaro, Azumahito, Koshikai, Tsunotari (changed his name to Noroshi) died one after another on the same day because of the severe torture.
- 明治政府は抵抗した旧幕臣らとの戊辰戦争における戦費などで発足直後から財政難で全国3000万石のうち800万石を確保できているのみであった。
- The Meiji government suffered from a financial problem from the beginning due to a cost of the Boshin War which they fought against former retainers of shogun, and they could secure a right of owning land of only 800 koku (Japanese unit of volume, and 1 koku was defined as enough rice quantity to feed one person for one year) out of Japan's entire land, 3,000 koku.
- しかし、後継の大内持世は盛見に匹敵する人物であり、足利義教の信任を受け少弐氏・大友氏を征伐するなど、大内氏の北九州における優位を確立した。
- However, the successor, Mochiyo OUCHI, who was a person as good as Morimi, received the confidence of Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, and established an Ouchi clan's priority in northern Kyushu, as well as conquering the Shoni clan and Otomo clan.
- 室町時代、主に足利将軍家の当主及び連枝、鎌倉公方家の一門、或いは鎮守府将軍として南朝方の有力大名であった北畠氏とその一門が御所号を称した。
- In the Muromachi period, the head and his siblings of the Ashikaga Shogunate family, the clan of the Kamakura Kubo (Governor-General of the Kamakura Government) family, and the Kitabatake clan who was a powerful daimyo on the side of the Nancho (Southern Court, or Yoshino Imperial court) who acted as the shogun of the chinju-fu, and its descendants were all entitled to the gosho-go.
- 信長は、浅井氏からも援軍を得て、共通の敵である南近江の有力大名である六角義賢親子を破り(観音寺城の戦い)、足利義昭を奉じての上洛を果たした。
- Gaining reinforcements from the Azai clan, Nobunaga defeated Yoshikata ROKKAKU parent and child, who were powerful feudal lords of Minami Omi and also a common enemy of Nobunaga and the Azai clan (the Battle of Kannonji Castle), and accomplished to go to the capital under Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA.
- また、村落や町(ちょう)が、自らの共同体的な機能を維持するために住民に賦課する人足役(掃除・普請・番・荷物持ち)も「夫役」と呼ぶ場合がある。
- Additionally, villages and towns sometimes used the word 'buyaku' in reference to ninsokuyaku (cleanup, construction, guard and porter) that they imposed on residents in order to maintain their own communal functions.
- 群盗海賊の頻発に対し、朝廷と国司は、ほとんど形骸化した軍団兵士制では満足のいく対応ができなかったため、別の鎮圧方策をとる必要に迫られていた。
- Bobbers and pirates appeared frequently, but the imperial court and kokushi could not cope with the situation using the gundan-soldier system that had become a dead letter and were forced to take a new measure to combat them.
- すなわち、銀の産出が低迷していたのに加え、海外流出による絶対量の不足、さらに人口は2倍程度に増加し経済活動は飛躍的に発展していたのであった。
- In other words, in addition to low silver production, amount was in short supply by distribution to foreign country and population increased by double, causing development of economic activity on large scale.
- 以後、大隈(4月17日会計官副知事専任、7月6日大蔵省発足により大蔵大輔に移行)を主導として通貨改革に関する様々な布告が出されることとなる。
- Afterwards, various declarations concerning the currency reform were put out with OKUMA (on April 17 he became a full-time finance office vice prefectural governor, and on July 6, he transferred to Okura no taifu [a senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Treasury] due to the establishment of Ministry of finance) as the main leader.
- 幕府では6代将軍義教が篠川御所の足利満直や駿河国の守護今川範忠に憲実の救援を命じ、さらに禅秀の子上杉持房、上杉教朝らをも含む幕軍を派遣する。
- In the bakufu the sixth shogun Yoshinori ordered Mitsunao ASHIKAGA of Sasagawa Gosho (an administrative organization for governing the Tohoku regions, settled by the Kamakura bakufu in the Muromachi period: it also refers to its head Mitsunao ASHIKAGA.) and Noritada IMAGAWA, shugo (a provincial constable) of the Suruga Province, to help Norizane and also dispatched the bakufu army including Zenshu's sons, Mochifusa UESUGI and Noritomo UESUGI.
- また元禄年間を過ぎた頃から銅の産出に陰りが見え始め、輸出用の御用銅が不足し始めたことも鋳銭事業に対する幕府の管理体制を強化させた一因である。
- After the Genroku era (from 1688 to 1703) production of copper began to decline and the bakufu was running out of copper for export, which was one of the reasons the bakufu strengthened the control of mintage.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)では足利尊氏に与して室町幕府創業の功臣となり、播磨国の他に備前国、美作国を領し、幕府の四職のひとつとなっていた家柄である。
- His family boasted a pedigree that taking sides with Takauji ASHIKAGA in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the clan became a meritorious retainer for foundation of the Muromachi bakufu, then was given the Bizen Province and the Mimasaka Province in addition to the Harima Province, and they became one of Shishiki (Four major feudal lords who worked for Muromachi bakufu).
- これに対し、足利尊氏は時行を討つために自分を派遣するように後醍醐天皇に再三要請するが、尊氏が自立することを怖れた後醍醐はそれを許可しなかった。
- In response, Takauji ASHIKAGA repeatedly asked the Emperor Godaigo to dispatch him to defeat Tokiyuki, but the Emperor Godaigo feared that Takauji would strike out and didn't allow him to do so.
- 北朝成立翌年の建武 (日本)4年(1337年)より、光厳上皇の院宣とともに兼季の消息・御教書が足利尊氏の執事であった高師直充てに出されている。
- From 1337, the year following the establishment of the Northern Court, Kanesue's shosoku (letters) and migyosho (document of shogunate order) along with the retired Emperor Kogon's inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) were sent to KO no Moronao, who was the steward of Takauji ASHIKAGA.
- 土岐頼貞は南北朝時代 (日本)では北朝 (日本)について室町幕府から美濃守護職に任じられ、足利尊氏を助けて功績が大きく幕府創業の功臣となった。
- Yorisada TOKI took sides with the Northern Court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts of Japan, and was appointed as Mino shugoshiki (military governor of Mino Province) by the Muromachi bakufu for helping Takauji ASHIKAGA; after that, he became one of the meritorious vassals for his great achievement when the bakufu was established.
- ホイートンの箇所で述べたように原著は元々自然法と実定法双方に軸足をおいた著作であったが、第三版において実定法的性格を強める増訂が為されている。
- As mentioned in the section for Wheaton, at the beginning, the original text was based on both of natural law and positive law, but enlargement to strengthen the nature of positive law side was made in its third edition.
- 甲賀の里忍術村主催の「全日本忍者選手権大会」では両足を大きく開かねばならないほどの大型の水蜘蛛を用い、杖を補助として池渡り競技を行なっている。
- In 'All Japan Ninja Championship' organized by Koga-no-sato Ninjutsu-mura (Koga Ninja Village), competitors walk with so huge Mizugumo that they have to open their both legs greatly with a stick as a supporting tool.
- 高島郡朽木(現・滋賀県高島市朽木野尻)の朽木氏(交代寄合表御礼衆)は福知山藩朽木家の本家筋で、足利将軍家が有事の際にしばしば頼った名家である。
- The Kuchiki clan (kotaiyoriai-omoteoreishu) in Kuchiki, Takashima County (present Kuchikinojiri, Takashima City, Shiga Prefecture), from where the head family linage of the Kuchiki family in Fukuchiyama clan, was a distinguished family on which the Ashikaga shogun family often counted in emergencies.
- 長慶の病没後、これに乗じて実権を回復せんとした将軍足利義輝を暗殺してしまい(永禄の変)、自身の支配の正当性を大きく揺るがしてしまうことになる。
- After Nagayoshi died from an illness, the Miyoshi clan assassinated shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA who tried to take back the real power (Eiroku Incident), and the Miyoshi clan greatly shook their own righteousness to control.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)に入ると、名将・赤松円心のもと、後醍醐天皇の建武の新政で守護国を没収されたことなどから新政から離反した足利尊氏に味方した。
- Entering the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, under an excellent military commander Enshin AKAMATSU, the clan supported Takauji ASHIKAGA, who estranged from the Kenmu Restoration, due to being deprived of the province where he ruled as a provincial constable in the Kenmu Restoration carried out by the Emperor Godaigo.
- とりわけ斯波高経は足利氏と同族で、鎌倉幕府を滅亡させた立役者である新田義貞を越前で討つなど活躍し、初期の室町幕府においては相当な勢力を持った。
- In particular, Takatsune SHIBA, who was in the same family as the Ashikaga clan, performed brilliantly and contributed to defeat Yoshisada NITTA in Echizen Province who was the central figure in the downfall of the Kamakura Bakufu, so that he gained tremendous power in the early Muromachi period.
- 足利義稙が管領細川政元より追放されると、1509年(永正6年)、上野氏は上野信孝が義稙の命により二階堂政行、伊勢貞信とともに備中国に入部する。
- After Yoshitane ASHIKAGA was expelled by the Shogunal Deputy, Masamoto HOSOKAWA, Nobutaka UENO entered Bicchu Province with Masayuki NIKAIDO and Sadanobu ISE under the order of Yoshitane.
- この時代の初め、藤原鎌足の息子藤原不比等があらわれて政権をにぎり、律令制度の確立に力を尽くすとともに、皇室に接近して藤原氏発展の基礎をかためた。
- At the beginning of this era, FUJIWARA no Fuhito, son of FUJIWARA no Kamatari, grasped the reins of government and devoted himself to establishing the ritsuryo system and strengthening the foundation of Fujiwara clan expansion through links to the Imperial Family.
- 徳川方は豊臣方の買占めによる兵糧不足があり、また真冬の陣でもあったため、12月3日 (旧暦)より織田長益を通じて豊臣方との和平交渉を行っている。
- The Tokugawa side, lacking army provisions because of the cornering of goods by the Toyotomi side, and because of the battle in winter, started peace negotiations through Nagamasu ODA on December 3 (the old calendar).
- また、流通経済が発達しなかったため銀などの貨幣による売買が成立せず自給自足が基本の朝鮮民とは物々交換などで食料の調達を行わなければならなかった。
- In addition, as distribution economy had not developed, selling and buying using currency such as silver did not exist and procurement of food had to be conducted by barter exchange with Korean people who had been living by self-sufficient economy.
- また義堂周信の日記『空華日用工夫集』によれば、足利義満は義堂との議論において、しばしば自身の政の対象として「天下」「天下之人」を問題としている。
- According to 'Kugenichiyokufushu,' the diary of Gido Shushin, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA often talked on 'Tenka' and 'the people of Tenka' as the objects of his politics in the discussion with Gido.
- 最初期は火付盗賊改方長官が所管していたが、平蔵が寛政4年(1792年)に退任してからは町奉行所に属する人足寄場奉行として新たに役職が設置された。
- In the beginning, Director for Hitsuke Tozoku Aratame-kata (Investigative Division for Arson and Organized Robbery) was in charge of Ninsokuyoseba, but after the retirement of Heizo in 1792 an official position of Ninsokuyoseba Bugyo (Magistrate) was installed which was affiliated with a town magistrate's office.
- また、南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代にかけて諸司領や、率分所・供御人制度が設けられてそこから上納される金銭収入で不足を補うようになっていった。
- Between the period of peace between the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Muromachi period, shoshiryo (the property of officials) was established, as well as regulations on storehouses of taxable products and kugonin (purveyors to the Imperial household), the income of which made up the deficit.
- また大隈や卿の伊達宗城からも同様の趣旨の要請を受けて、渋沢を掛長(租税正兼務)として省内改革(政策立案能力の向上)を推進する組織として発足した。
- He also received the same request from Okuma and Munenari DATE who was Kyo, and an organization to promote reformation in the ministry (to improve capability of policy planning) was established and Shibusawa was designated a section head (head of the land tax department as well).
- 主流派から外された弾正台の尊攘派は、府藩県・各省の非違を糾すという名目で、彼らの政敵たる開国派をやり玉に挙げる程度で満足しなければならなかった。
- Sonno Joi party in danjodai that was out of the mainstream had to be content with only severely criticizing kaikokuha (the opening country wing) which was their rival by nominally accusing other agencies and fu-han-ken (prefectures) of their wrong doings.
- 黒田は自分が務めていた農商務大臣を逓信大臣の榎本武揚に兼務させたほかは、全閣僚を留任させて新内閣を発足させた(農商務大臣には後に井上馨を専任)。
- KURODA had all ministers stay in office except his position as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce which was taken over by Takeaki ENOMOTO, Minister of Communication, and started a new cabinet (Later, Kaoru INOUE was appointed as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce).
- 敦賀市の古老がかつて(戦時中頃か)身近な人々に語った記憶によれば、処刑に引き出された党員は、逃亡を阻止するためか、両足を竹に括られていたという。
- An old man in the Tsuruga City once (maybe during the war) told someone close to him that the legs of Tenguto members who were to be executed were tied with a bamboo in order to prevent them from running away.
- やがて大内義弘が挙兵する応永の乱が勃発するが、一時これに加担する動きを見せた鎌倉公方の足利氏満を焚き付けたのが了俊である、との疑念を掛けられた。
- The Oei War occurred in which Yoshihiro OUCHI raised an army, but a suspicion was raised that Ryoshun instigated Ujimitsu ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region), to support Yoshihiro.
- 随員には騎馬・徒歩の武士の他、火縄銃、弓 (武器)などの足軽や道具箱や槍持ちなどの中間(人足)、草履取や医師などの大名身辺に仕える者たちが連なる。
- Attendants were consisted of warriors, horse-riding or on foot, ashigaru (common foot soldier) carrying matchlock gun or bow (arm), chugen (a rank below common soldier) (or ninsoku 〔coolie〕) carrying tool box or spear, and people who took care of daimyo such as zoritori (sandal bearer, equivalent to a batman) and doctors.
- 堤防は5月8日 (旧暦)の工事着手からわずか12日で完成し、折しも梅雨の時期にあたって降り続いた雨によって足守川が増水して200haもの湖が出現。
- The embankment was completed in just 12 days from the start on June 8, which happened to be in the rainy season, and the long-lasting rain swelled the Ashimori-gawa River, developing a lake of 200 ha.
- ただし、当時は原因が分かっておらず、これを8月12日に最初に報じた朝野新聞も、足尾銅山が原因かもしれないというような、あいまいな書き方をしている。
- However, at that time the cause was unclear; and in Choya Shinbun, the newspaper that first reported the incident on August 12, reported ambiguously that Ashio copper mine may have caused it.
- 明確に分かっている鉱毒の量は、1972年度、環境庁が足尾町に設置した測定局における二酸化硫黄(亜硫酸ガス)濃度が、旧環境基準に適合していなかった。
- There is one thing clear about the amount of the mineral poison; according to the measurement facility that the Environment Agency had established in 1972 in Ashio-machi, the levels of the concentration of sulfur dioxide exceeded the (old) environmental standards.
- それでも不足したために院宮分国制の導入や年爵で推挙できる位階の引き上げ(院政期には公卿である従三位まで推挙可能となる)なども行われるようになった。
- Still, due to the insufficient revenue, Ingu bunkoku sei (provincial allotment system) was introduced and ikai (Court rank) was raised (up to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) for Court nobles during insei period (period of the government by the retired Emperor)).
- 「○○大将」「○○奉行」「組頭」「番頭」「物頭」(○○には士、侍、足軽、鉄砲、槍、弓等が入る)…備の指揮官やその指揮下にある各部隊の指揮官を指す。
- Such and such daisho' (general), 'such and such bugyo,' 'kumigashira' (captain), 'ban gashira' (head of a group) 'mono gashira' (military commander) ('such and such' is replaced by samurai, samurai, ashigaru, teppo, yari, yumi, and so on) refer to commanders of the sonae or the captains of various troops under the commanders.
- 足利義満は、応永8年(1401年)に僧の祖阿と博多商人の肥富を派遣し、明との交易を申し入れ、明の使者から「永楽の勘合符」を得て、勘合貿易が始まる。
- Kango trade started in 1401 when Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA proposed to start the trade with Ming by dispatching a Buddhist monk Soa and a merchant in Hakata Koitomi and received 'Eiraku kangofu' from the envoy of Ming.
- 副将軍・足利直義は暦応4年12月23日 (旧暦)(1342年1月30日)鎌倉幕府の例にならい、夢窓と相談の上、翌年秋に造営料宋船の派遣を提案した。
- On February 7, 1342, vice-shogun Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA followed the example of the Kamakura bakufu in seeking advice of Muso and proposed the dispatch of zoeiryososen (trading vessels) in Autumn of the next year.
- 翌々年、南郷らは山縣有朋系官僚出身の勅撰議員である平田東助や船越衛と結んで計18名の勅撰議員で茶話会を発足させ、本部を内幸町の幸倶楽部に設置した。
- Two years later, Nango and the others joined with Tosuke HIRATA and Mamoru FUNAKOSHI, who were members of the House of Peers by imperial nomination, originally from government offices and both protegees of Aritomo YAMAGATA, and inaugurated Sawakai with an initial total of 18 members by imperial nomination with a headquarter set up in Saiwai Club in Uchisaiwaicho.
- 義輝の弟・足利義昭も松永らに幽閉されたが、細川幽斎らに救出されて還俗、義秋(後に義昭)と名乗って越前国の朝倉義景(後に美濃国の織田信長)を頼った。
- A younger brother of Yoshiteru, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, was confined by Matsunaga and others, rescued by Yusai HOSOKAWA and others, returned to secular life, called himself Yoshiaki and served Yoshikage ASAKURA of Echizen province (later Nobunaga ODA of Mino province).
- しかし、さりとて手に抱えたり背負ったりするよりも、重心が背骨を軸として足に対して垂直方向に近い位置(肩)にあり、より大量に物資が運べるためである。
- In that fashion, however, more goods can be carried by using the pole than by holding things in arms or carrying on the back, because the center of the gravity falls on the position (a shoulder) which is almost vertical to feet with a backbone as an axis.
- 『鑁阿寺新田足利両氏系図』によると、義宗には新田宗親・松平親季という子があったと言い、宗親の子孫は新田岩松氏とは別の系統として子孫を残したという。
- According to 'Banna-ji Nitta Ashikaga Ryoshi Keizu' (the genealogies of the Nitta clan and the Ashikaga clan), Yoshimune is said to have had children named Munechika NITTA and Chikasue MATSUDAIRA, and a descendant of Munechika is said to have left offspring in a line different from the Nitta Iwamatsu clan.
- 1931年(昭和6年)4月1日 - 嵯峨町・花園村・西院村・太秦村・梅ヶ畑村・梅津村・京極村・松尾村・桂村・川岡村が京都市に編入し、右京区が発足。
- April 1, 1931: Saga Town and villages of Hanazono, Saiin, Uzumasa, Umegahata, Umezu, Kyogoku, Matsuo, Katsura, and Kawaoka became a part of Kyoto City and Ukyo Ward was born
- 何れにしても、石橋氏の呼称は足利直義派宿老及び評定衆の筆頭にまで上り詰めたため、一家として名を表すことが必要だった事によるものであると考えられる。
- It is possible that the clan, which was promoted to Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA's shukuro (chief vassal) and hyojoshu (members of council of state), needed a name as a clan.
- 一方で畿内においては織田信長が上洛を果たし、反対勢力(信長包囲網)を滅ぼし、将軍足利義昭を追放し室町幕府を滅亡させ、天下統一事業をおしすすめていた。
- In the Kinai region, Nobunaga ODA successfully arrived at Kyoto, exterminated his opposing forces known as the anti-Nobunaga network, drove out shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, put the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to an end, and carried out his task of unification of the whole country.
- 藩の構成員(藩士)とは厳密には士分を持つものを指し、拡大解釈した場合でも足軽までを指したのであって、中間、小者は藩の構成員とはみなされていなかった。
- Domain constituents (retainers) strictly indicated those that had Shibun, and even in a wide definition may have included Ashigaru, but Chugen and Komono were never considered retainers.
- 三代征夷大将軍足利義満の時、頼康は管領細川頼之と不和になって勝手に帰国してしまい、義満を激怒させ討伐令を出されたことがある(後に謝罪して許された)。
- During the period, under the third shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Yoriyasu invoked the wrath of Yoshimitsu because he returned to his own province without permission due to a feud with Shogunal Deputy Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, and Yoshimitsu even issued a punitive order (later, Yoriyasu apologized was forgiven).
- また旅客と貨物の比率について、鉄道側に貨物運用の準備不足もあったが、明治維新直後で近代産業が未発達な時期であり「運ぶ荷物がなかった」事も考えられる。
- The high ratio of passenger to freight transport might have been partially due to insufficient preparation for freight management, but also due to the circumstances where there was 'nothing to transport' since it was just after the Meiji Restoration and modern industries were still underdeveloped.
- The utilization ratio between passenger and cargo was due to the fact that there wasn't adequate preparation to handle cargo and there wasn't enough freight to carry just after the Meiji Restoration Period, when no modern day industries were yet fully developed.
- ところがこのような内紛が周防国に逃れていた足利義稙(義材)や大内義興のもとに知らされると、義興は九州・中国の諸大名を動員して上洛を開始したのである。
- However, when Yoshitane (Yoshiki) ASHIKAGA, who was away in Suo Province, and Yoshioki OUCHI came to know about these internal conflicts, Yoshioki summoned the daimyo in Kyushu and Chugoku regions and headed to Kyoto with them.
- 蘇我氏は、645年の天智天皇、藤原鎌足らのクーデター(乙巳の変)によって、入鹿が暗殺されるとともに蝦夷が自殺するとその勢力は大幅にそがれてしまった。
- The power of the Soga clan was significantly diminished by a coup (Isshi Incident, which takes its name from the Zodiacal name of the year the incident occurred and can alternatively called the 'Incident of 645.') led by Emperor Tenchi in 645, in which Iruka was assassinated and Emishi prompted to commit suicide.
- 斯波義将は義満の没後も将軍足利義持を補佐し、朝廷から義満に対する太上天皇の尊号を追号する事を拒否したり、勘合貿易の廃止を提言するなど影響力を持った。
- Yoshimasa SHIBA assisted the Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA even after the death of Yoshimitsu, and he was so influential that he declined to accept the offer by the Imperial Court to give the posthumous title of Emperor Daijo (a Japanese Emperor who abdicated in favor of a successor) to Yoshimitsu and offered suggestions to abolish the tally trade (between Japan and the Ming dynasty).
- 貞治5年(1366年)、斯波高経が失脚すると征夷大将軍足利義詮は和義の子石橋棟義を抜擢して奥州管領斯波直持と吉良貞経と協力して吉良治家を追討させた。
- In 1366, after Takatsune SHIBA's downfall, Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA ordered Muneyoshi ISHIBASHI, Kazuyoshi's son, to cooperate with the Oshu governor Tadamochi SHIBA and Sadatsune KIRA to search out and kill Haruie KIRA.
- 尚、また、足利一門上野氏の三代 上野頼兼の次男 上野直兼を祖とする豊後上野氏は、尊氏の腹心として九州下向に随従、上野氏一門の中で唯一九州に留まった。
- Originating from Naokane UENO, the second son of Yorikane UENO who was the third head of the Ueno clan belonging to a branch family of the Ashikaga clan starting with Yasuuji ASIKAGA, the Bungo Ueno clan accompanied Takauji on his trip to Kyushu as his trustworthy assistant and stayed there as the sole family of the Ueno clan.
- 建武の新政の崩壊後、後醍醐天皇が足利尊氏によって花山院に幽閉された後、壊れた築地から秘かに脱出して吉野に向かったことが、『太平記』などに書かれている。
- According to 'Taiheiki' and other books, following the collapse of Kenmu no Shinsei (the New Administration of the Kenmu Era), the Emperor Godaigo was confined to the Kazanin residence, but he escaped through a broken fence and fled to Yoshino district.
- 8代将軍の足利義政は為政者としての務めを怠り、茶道、書道、唐物(中国渡来の文物)愛玩などの趣味にふけっていたが、そのため文化の振興には大いに貢献した。
- The eighth shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA made light of his duty as a politician, and indulged in his hobbies, such as Japanese tea ceremony, calligraphy, and kara-mono (things imported from China), and ironically, he contributed to the advancement of the culture to a great extent.
- また当時、国内外の金銀比価の差により、大量の金が国外へ流出していた上、さらに戊辰戦争による戦費や、殖産興業のために新政府は深刻な財政不足に陥っていた。
- In those days, the new government was caught in serious financial difficulties not only because a great amount of gold flowed outside the country due to the different exchange ratios between gold and silver at home and abroad, but also because the expenses for Boshin Civil War and the encouragement of new industry was required.
- 寛永3年(1626年)、水戸市の豪商である佐藤新助が銭貨の不足を理由に銅銭の鋳造を幕府および水戸藩に願い出て、許可されたのが寛永通寳の始まりであった。
- Kanei Tsuho was born when Shinsuke SATO, a wealthy merchant in Mito City, asked the bakufu and the Mito Domain for permission to mint copper coins due to a short supply of coins in 1626, and was granted such permission.
- 観応の擾乱によって幕府官僚の分裂・離反が生じた事から、2代将軍足利義詮が崩壊した評定衆・引付衆に代わる合議体として恩賞方にて開いたのが起源とされている。
- When bakufu officials were factionalized and declared secession in the Kanno Disturbance, the second shogun, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA held a consultation in Onshokata (office to do desk work concerning the Onsho award) with a consultative body replacing the collapsed hyojoshu and hikitsukeshu, which was regarded as the origin of gozen-sata.
- 1406年に帰国した第二次遣明船は6~7隻と記録が残っており、1410に足利義持が中止するまでの初期6回の遣明船の船団規模は同程度であったと推定される。
- As the record exists that the number of ships of the second Kenminsen fleet returned to Japan in 1406 was six to seven, it is presumed that the scale of six Kenminsen fleets which visited Ming until Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA ceased dispatching them in 1410 was within the same range.
- 北海道炭礦鉄道は1889年、営業不振であった官営幌内鉄道の路線を譲り受ける形で発足し、後の函館本線・室蘭本線・石勝線などの一部に該当する路線を敷設する。
- In 1889, Hokkaido Coal Railway was founded by accepting a concession of then financially ailing state-owned Horonai Railway's lines and laid the lines that later became a part of the Hakodate Main Line, Muroran Main Line, and Ishikatsu Line.
- 開拓を巡って3県と北海道事業管理局の方針の足並みを揃える事が出来ず、加えて松方財政の影響による不況によって財政収入が伸び悩み、却って開拓の障害となった。
- Haishi Chiken resulted in an obstacle to development after all, because the three prefectures and Hokkaido Works Administration Bureau could not align their policy with the others' in connection with development, and because the income stopped growing due to the economic slowdown under the Matsukata finance (also known as the Matsukata deflation, a financial measure to induce deflation to eliminate inflation generated by raising funds for war cost of the Seinan War).
- 江戸幕府成立時、徳川氏直参の足軽を全て同心としたため、忍者を祖先とする伊賀同心、甲賀同心、鉄砲組の百人組、郷士の八王子千人同心等、様々な同心職ができた。
- Since all the foot soldiers of the Tokugawa clan's immediate retainers became doshin when the Edo bakufu was established, various sorts of doshin were made; for example, Iga doshin and Koka doshin descended from ninja, a one-hundred matchlock infantry unit, Hachioji thousand doshin of country samurai, and so on.
- 当時の土佐には半農半兵から一歩進んだ一領具足はあっても常備軍の制度はなかったから、短期間で多勢を揃え進軍してきた様に寡兵の一条方は仰天したと言われている。
- Although there was the system of Ichiryo gusoku in Tosa at that time, which allowed local cultivators to arm themselves, there was a standing army, and as such, when the Chosokabe clan advanced with a large army within a short time, the Ichijo clan with a small army was truly astounded.
- 第13代将軍足利義輝を擁した三好長慶に反発した畿内の守護大名である六角義賢や畠山高政らは互いに手を組み、京を含めた畿内において反三好的な行動を度々おこす。
- Yoshitaka ROKKAKU and Takamasa HATAKEYAMA, who were both shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) were against Nagayoshi MIYOSHI, who supported the 13th shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, and they joined hands and caused many anti-Miyoshi movements in Kinai, including Kyoto.
- 当地の佐渡では遠島の刑を受けた流人(「島流し」)と区別するため(佐渡への遠島は元禄13年(1700年)に廃止されている)、水替人足は「島送り」と呼ばれた。
- To distinguish from those who had suffered the penalty of 'ento' or exile to a remote island who were called 'shimanagashi' ('exiled to the island'), drainage laborers were referred to as 'shimaokuri' ('sent to the island') (because the banishment to Sadoga-shima had already been abolished in 1700).
- 尚歯会(しょうしかい)とは、江戸時代後期に蘭学、儒学者など幅広い分野の学者・技術者・官僚などが集まって発足したサロンであり頭脳集団(シンクタンク)の名称。
- The Shoshikai is the name of a salon or a group of intelligent people (a think tank) established by people gathered, such as a wide range of scholars or artisans, including those of Western studies or Confucianism, and government officials during the late Edo period.
- 明治維新後に対馬府中藩を介して朝鮮に対して新政府発足の通告と国交を望む交渉を行うが、日本の外交文書が江戸時代の形式と異なることを理由に朝鮮側に拒否された。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the Meiji government noticed Korea to establish a new government and negotiated to have diplomatic relations, but Korea rejected them because the format of diplomatic papers was different from the one of Edo period.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)になると、各国の中小武士団は新たな源氏の棟梁、足利氏のほか、半済令以後勢力を蓄えた守護大名、南朝、北朝方の有力武家らに所領安堵を求めた。
- In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), small and medium samurai warrior band in provinces asked not only the new head of the government, the Genji-descent Ashikaga clan, but also the territorial lord as provincial constable, which had increased its influence after the order allowing military governors or Shugo to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military fund was issued, and influential samurai families on the side of the Southern Court or the Northern Court for recognition and gurantee of the ownership of their lands.
- しかし、主力軍は地形を存分に利用した薩軍の激しい銃撃と、抜刀白兵戦に手も足も出ず、田原坂の正面突破を諦めて、西側から攻めて横平山(那智山)を奪うことにした。
- Being confronted with the Satsuma army's violent gunfight and close fighting with swords by taking advantage of the terrain, the main force gave up the frontal breakthrough of Tabaru Slope without making any counterattack and changed the plan to capture Mt. Yokohira (Mt. Nachi) by attacking the west side of the Satsuma army.
- 事実検証についても不平等条約の壁に阻まれ満足な解決が得られず、裁判では、下記のように証言したジョン・ウイリアム・ドレーク船長らイギリス人全員が無罪となった。
- In fact, the inspection was blocked by the unequal treaty, which made it impossible to reach an acceptable solution, and Captain John William Drake and all the other British crew members who testified at the trial as follows were acquitted.
- 鎌倉時代後期の1333年(元弘3)に後醍醐天皇の討幕運動から元弘の乱が起こると、阿蘇惟時は護良親王の令旨を受け、足利尊氏らと京都の六波羅探題攻めに参加する。
- When the anti-shogunate movement by the Emperor Godaigo developed into the Genko War in 1333, which was in the late Kamakura period, Koretoki ASO received ryoji (an order) from the Imperial Prince Morinaga and cooperated with Takauji ASHIKAGA to attack Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto).
- 元は立憲政友会の第2次西園寺内閣を支持する勅選議員や多額納税議員の親睦団体であったが、1912年12月24日に院内交渉団体として届出を行って正式に発足した。
- The club had originally been a social group consisting of either councilors of imperial nomination or councilors in the top tax bracket who support the second Saionji Cabinet of Rikken seiyukai, and then the club was officially launched as a negotiating body within the House on December 24, 1912 when they went through the official procedure.
- しかし天文元年(1532年)に三好政長の讒言を受けて元長を誅殺し、堺幕府と決別し将軍・足利義晴と和睦、義晴を傀儡とした管領・細川晴元による幕政が行なわれた。
- However in 1532, Harumoto believed the false charge made by Masanaga MIYOSHi and killed Motonaga, broke away from the Sakai bakufu and reconciled with shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, and the kanrei (shogunate deputy) Harumoto HOSOKAWA conducted the administration with Yoshiharu as puppet.
- その中で使い古された具足を身に付けている者達を発見し、「あの者らは甲州からの家臣団であろう」と言い、確認が取れると「あれこそが本来の赤備え」と言ったという。
- Ieyasu is said to have told, discovering some warriors in worn-out armor among them, like 'Those warriors should be the vassals from Koshu.', and after the confirmation, 'That is a real Akazonae.'
- 赤穂藩浅野家家臣は士分だけでも300名以上いたが、このうち討ち入りに参加したのは46名で(寺坂は士分ではなく足軽身分)、8割以上が討ち入りに参加していない。
- There were more than 300 retainers of the Asano family in Ako Domain; however, those who took part in the raid were 46 (Terasaka was a foot soldier and not in the samurai class), and more than 80% of them did not participate.
- その子 伊達晴宗は足利将軍家有力一門 斯波氏の流れをひく大崎氏歴代の職である奥州探題に補任されたが、一方で隠居の稙宗の専制に対する家臣団の反発が蓄積された。
- The son of Tanemune, Harumune DATE, was first appointed as Oshu Tandai, the post successively held by the Osaki clan, a branch family of the Shiba clan (a powerful family of the Ashikaga Shogun Family), while a dictatorship by retired Tanemune caused anti-Tanemune feeling to build up among the vassals.
- この流れを伊豆多田氏と呼び、室町期には摂津と伊豆に領土を安堵されるが、永正年間(1504年 - 1520年)の将軍家家督争いで足利義稙側に付き没落したという。
- This lineage, referred to as the Izu-Tada clan, was authorized to own its lands in the Settsu and Izu provinces during the Muromachi period but is said to have been in decline in the Eisho era (A.D. 1504 - 1520) because it took the side of Yoshitane ASHIKAGA in the midst of the dispute over succession to the shogunate.
- 1945年、終戦となり、言論・集会への弾圧が行われなくなると、翌1946年、群馬県東部の渡良瀬川流域の農民が集まり、足尾銅山精錬所移転期成同盟会が結成された。
- In 1945 World War II ended, and there were no longer controls on speeches and meetings, and in the following year, the peasants of the Watarase-gawa valley of the eastern Gunma Prefecture gathered and formed the Union for Relocation of Ashio copper mine Refinery.
- 翌4月10日細川高国は入京、同年6月9日足利義稙は堺から入洛し、同年7月1日に再び将軍職につき、細川高国には管領職を大内義興には管領代職にそれぞれ任じられた。
- On the next day, May 19, 1508, Takakuni HOSOKAWA entered the capital of Kyoto; on July 16, 1508, Yoshitane ASHIKAGA arrived in Kyoto from Sakai; and on August 7, 1508, Yoshitane ASHIKAGA assumed the office of shogun again, appointed Takakuni HOSOKAWA kanrei (shogunal deputy) and appointed Yoshioki OUCHI kanrei dai (representative of a shogunal deputy), respectively.
- 鎌倉公方足利持氏と関東管領上杉憲実の不和から始まり、持氏の遺児である春王・安王の処刑に至るまでの永享の乱・結城合戦の顛末を真字(漢文)体で実録的に記している。
- It records the events of the Eikyo Rebellion and Yuki Battle in Mana (Chinese characters) starting with the dispute between Kamakura kubo Mochiuji ASHIKAGA and Kanto kanrei (shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) Akimitsu UESUGI, and ends with the execution of Mochiuji's remaining children, Shuno and Ano,
- 北朝の征夷大将軍足利尊氏は敵味方の立場を超え、菩提を弔うために、夢窓疎石の勧めに従って天龍寺創建を決定した(尊氏が後醍醐天皇の怨霊に悩まされていたともいう)。
- Regardless of the side, Takauji ASHIKAGA, the seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Northern Court decided to erect Tenryu-ji Temple in order to pray to Buddha for the happiness of the deceased emperor at Muso Soseki's suggestion (it is said that Takauji might be afflicted by the Emperor Godaigo's vindictive spirit).
- 井上の入閣後の同年10月5日、陸奥宗光・青木周蔵らとともに事実上の新党準備会にあたる「自治制研究会」を発足させて機関誌『自治新報』を発行するなど準備を進めた。
- Inoue started preparing 'Jichisei Kenkyu Kai' (a study group for autonomy) with Munemitsu MUTSU and Shuzo AOKI on October 15, 1888 after Inoue joined the cabinet, and it was virtually a committee for a new political party with a party newspaper called 'Jichi Shinpo' (New Autonomy News).
- 1439年(永享11年)2月10日_(旧暦)、憲実はやむなく永安寺を攻め、持氏、足利満貞(稲村御所)らは自害し、義久は鎌倉報国寺 (鎌倉市)において自害した。
- On April 2, 1439, Norizane attacked Yoan-ji Temple against his will, where Mochiuji, Mitsusada ASHIKAGA (Inamura Gosho [an administrative organization for governing the Tohoku regions, settled by the Kamakura bakufu in the Muromachi period: it also refers to its head Mitsusada ASHIKAGA.]) and others committed suicide, while Yoshihisa committed suicide in Kamakura Hokoku-ji Temple (Kamakura City).
- 流域の村々には重労働の提供が求められ、更には工事の為の移転を余儀なくされる者、水位の低下による水不足を心配する者もあり、分水工事反対の声が逆に強まっていった。
- The watershed villagers were requested to provide hard physical labor, and in addition, some were forced to move from their own houses due to the construction and some were concerned about the water shortage caused by the lowered water level, which led to a surging opposition movement against the diversion contraction.
- また国内で、脚気患者の大量発生と軍医不足という悲惨な状況が知られはじめると、陸軍衛生部さらに大本営の大本営組織、小池正直(陸軍省医務局)に対する批判が高まった。
- The Medical Department of the Army, Imperial Headquarters Executive Command, and Masanao KOIKE (Medical Affairs Bureau of Ministry of Army) came under increasing criticism when tragic news of the beriberi epidemic and the shortage of army surgeons became known in Japan.
- それまで都城を領していた北郷氏は北郷忠能が幼少であったことと、朝鮮出兵で軍役の不足があったこともあり、祁答院へ移され石高も6万9千石から3万7千石へ減らされた。
- The Hokugo clan originally held Miyakonojo, but since Tadayoshi HOKUGO was underage and there weren't enough soldiers for the invasion of Korea, the clan was transferred to Kedoin and the size of its territory was reduced to 37,000 from 69,000 koku.
- 現在の栃木県日光市足尾地区では江戸時代から銅が産出していたが、江戸時代前期をピークとして産出量はいったん低下し、幕末にはほとんど廃山の状態となって国有化された。
- In the present Ashio district, Nikko City, Tochigi Prefecture, copper mines had been mined since the Edo period; after reaching its peak in the early Edo period, the output kept declining, and by the end of the Edo period, the mines were almost abandoned and nationalized.
- 足利義満の将軍在任期に書かれたと考えられており、遅くても良基が死去した嘉慶 (日本)2年(北朝 (日本)元号/1388年)までには完成していたと考えられている。
- The book is believed to have been written while Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was in office, and therefore it should have been completed by 1338 at the latest.
- 1903年、夕張からやってきた永岡鶴蔵は、夕張にある大日本労働至誠会と同じような鉱山労働者の組織を足尾でも結成しようと考えたが、この時代にはうまくいかなかった。
- In 1903, Tsuruzo NAGAOKA who came from Yubari thought of establishing an organization for mine workers in Ashio, like Dainihon Rodo Shiseikai in Yubari, but it didn't work out at that time.
- しかし、北海道では開拓事業や九州の炭鉱労働(三池集治監の三井三池炭鉱)の現場では労働力不足を穴埋めするように一般労働者を監禁して酷使するタコ部屋労働が発展した。
- However, in land reclamation projects in Hokkaido and at the labor site of coal mines in Kyushu (the Mitsui Miike coal mine in relation with Miike Shujikan), Takobeya (labor camp) Rodo, a form of labor under which general workers were placed in confinement and exploited to make up for the shortage of workforce, developed.
- 五山制度は鎌倉幕府にも存在しており公文(公帖)が出されていたが、同制度が整備されたのは、室町幕府初代征夷大将軍足利尊氏が禅宗保護に積極的であったことに由来する。
- The Five Mountain System had already existed in the Kamakura bakufu with the issuance of kumon (kojo), and it was improved by Takauji ASHIKAGA, the first seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu, who was actively protecting the Zen sect.
- しかし、大化年間ころから国際環境の緊張を背景とした蝦夷開拓が図られ、大化3年(647年)の渟足柵設置を皮切りに現在の新潟県・宮城県以北に城柵が次々と建設された。
- However, from around the Taika era, the development of the Ezo area began in a strained international context, starting with the installation of the Nutari stockades in 647, and followed by the continued construction of stockades in and northward of modern day Niigata and Miyagi prefectures.
- 社長には共同運輸側の森岡昌純が就任するなど、発足当初こそ共同運輸色が濃いものとなったが、やがては三菱系の社員が台頭し、名実ともに共同運輸は消滅することとなった。
- Also, Masazumi MORIOKA from Kyodo Unyu became the president of this new company, and thus the company seems to have been on the Kyodo Unyu side at the beginning, however, Mitusbishi employees gained power, causing Kyodo Unyu to disappear both notionally and substantially.
- 一族の中には、甥足利義兼や子山名義範、孫里見義成など、鎌倉を本拠とした頼朝のもとへ参じて挙兵に加わるものもあったが、義重自身は参陣の要請を無視し、静観していた。
- In the family, his nephew, Yoshikane ASHIKAGA, his child, Yoshinori YAMANA and his grandchild, Yoshinari SATOMI, etc. called on Yoritomo and joined in the army, however, Yoshishige himself ignored the request to join in the camp and kept watching the circumstances.
- 当初、幕府方として後醍醐天皇の企てを阻止する側に加わっていた足利尊氏は次第に倒幕の志を秘めるようになり、一門の重鎮 吉良貞義に相談の上、朝廷側への寝返りを決行。
- Takauji ASHIKAGA, who at first stood for the Bakufu to thwart an Emperor Godaigo's plan, gradually began to conceal his intention to overthrow the Shogunate, and after he consulted Sadayoshi KIRA, a grand person of the family, he went over to the side of the Imperial Court.
- また、足利政権から正式に守護に選ばれたのは、一族で和義が最初であったが、在国一年程度では国人の被官化には繋がらずそれが、勢力を急速に落とした要因にも成っている。
- Kazuyoshi was the first clan member to be appointed as Shugo by the Ashikaga government, but one year service was not long enough to vassalize local lords, which fact partly resulted in his rapid decline.
- 終了時期についても、廃藩置県の断行(1872年)、西南戦争の終結(1877年)、内閣制度の発足(1885年)、立憲体制の確立(1889年)までとするなど諸説ある。
- There are also various theories about when the restoration ended, and it may have continued until Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in 1872, until the end of the Seinan War in 1877, until the inauguration of the cabinet system in 1885, or until the establishment of constitutionalism in 1889.
- 一方、丁銀から南鐐二朱銀への改鋳が進行するにつれ、市中における秤量銀貨の不足により銀相場の高騰を招き、天明6年(1786年)には金1両=銀50匁をつけるに至った。
- On the other hand, as Chogin was reformed to Nanryo Nishu Gin, the shortage of silver coins by weight standard in market caused a steep rise in the price of silver, 50 monme of silver per 1 ryo of gold in 1786.
- また、紛争勃発直前の会合で研究所・府連・全同教関係者を含めた「五人委員会」が発足していた事実を明らかにし、この委員会が管理権を持っており、研究所にはないと論じた。
- Also, they showed the fact that in the meeting just before the conflict, the 'Five Members Committee' consisted of the Instutute, the Kyoto Federation and the Zendokyo related members had been established, and argued the custodial right of the Hall was owned by the committee, and not owned by the Institute.
- この時代は、1891年刊行の吾妻村 (栃木県)民らによる鉱毒の記録集『足尾銅山鉱毒・渡良瀬川沿岸事情』を発刊直後に発売禁止にするなど、言論封殺が主な対策であった。
- During this period, the major part of these measures was restrictions of speech and of the press, such as banning the publication immediately after issuance of a record of the mining pollution 'Ashio Dozan Kodoku, Watarase-gawa-engan Jijo' (Ashio copper mine Mining Pollution, Status of Watarase-gawa River) published in 1891 by the residents of Azuma Village (Tochigi Prefecture).
- そして千葉介常胤、上総介広常、三浦義澄、小山朝政などは、国衙の在庁官人でもあり、それを足がかりとして複数の郡、別符の郷、荘園にまたがる勢力を広げた開発領主である。
- Furthermore, Tsunetane of Chibanosuke (vice minister of Chiba Province), Hirotsune of Kazusa no suke (vice minister of Kazusa Province), Yoshizumi MIURA, and Tomomasa OYAMA were Zaichokanjin of kokuga in addition to being the kaihatsu-ryoshu of multiple districts, beppu villages, and manors.
- だが、当時の将軍は13歳の足利義満であり、後見である管領細川頼之は「可為聖断」「武家更難申是非」と慎重な態度を示し、あくまで天皇の聖断によるべしとの態度を示した。
- However, as the shogun at the time was Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA who was 13 years old, kanrei (shogunal deputy) Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, the guardian of the Imperial Prince, repeatedly insisted that the Emperor make a decision over the matter, saying 'the Emperor should make a decision' and 'don't allow samurai intervention.'
- その後は治天の君に近侍する伝奏が直接自分達の上司でもある将軍・足利義満に伝達し、義満もしくは奉行などの幕府役人の意向も伝奏を経由して治天の君・天皇に取り次がれた。
- After that, the tenso who served the Chiten no kimi directly conveyed the messages to the shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA who was his superior, and the intention of Yoshimitsu or the bakufu officials including bugyo (magistrate) was in return relayed to Chiten no kimi or the Emperor through the tenso.
- 中には所領を増加させる御家人もいたが、没落傾向にある御家人も少なくなく、所領を売却したり、質入するなどして失い、幕府への勤仕ができない無足御家人も増加していった。
- Some gokenin, some increased the number of territories they held but a considerable number went into decline, with an increase in the number of musoku gokenin (a vassal without territory) who sold or pawned their territories and were unable to work for bakufu.
- その後も二国間はまだ交戦していたが、天文 (元号)7年(1538年)に室町幕府第12代将軍・足利義晴の仲介を受けて和睦し、結果、大内義隆による九州平定は頓挫した。
- Thereafter, the two camps still fought against each other, but in 1538, they finally made peace through the mediation of the twelfth shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA -- As a result, the subjugation of northern Kyushu by Yoshitaka OUCHI met with a hitch.
- 尾張の織田信長が足利義昭を擁して上洛の大軍を興すと六角氏は敵対し、9月13日に信長に支城の箕作城を落とされると、六角義賢・六角義治は観音寺城から逃げ無血開城した。
- The Rokkaku clan fought against the great army that Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, as the Shogun, and Nobunaga ODA, who was from Owari Province, formed in order to go to Kyoto, and after the defeat of the subsidiary castle - Mitsukuri-jo Castle on September 13, Yoshikata ROKKAKU and Yoshiharu ROKKAKU fled Kannonji-jo Castle without any resistance.
- 日本の数値目標が-6%になった経緯は日米欧の非公式会合での政治的合意によるものであり、アメリカ合衆国と日本が足並みをそろえたのは、途上国の参加を促すためであった。
- Japan's numerical goal of -6% was brought in through a political agreement at a non-official meeting between Japan, America and Europe, and the agreement between America and Japan was intended for encouraging developing countries to join the conference.
- 延元4年(1339年)南朝 (日本)の後醍醐天皇の崩御を受け、北朝 (日本)の征夷大将軍足利尊氏が夢窓疎石の勧めに従って天龍寺(現京都市右京区)の創建を決意する。
- Advised by Muso Soseki after the demise of Emperor Godaigo of the Southern Dynasty (Japan) in 1339, Takauji ASHIKAGA, the seii taishogun (great general who subdues the barbarians) of the Northern Dynasty (Japan) decided to build Tenryu-ji Temple (present day Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City).
- こののちも、室町時代において吉良氏や渋川氏とともに、足利一門の名門 御一家として幕府内において一目置かれたが、最早守護大名衆の列からは完全に外された存在であった。
- In addition to the Kira and Shibukawa clans, the Ishibahshi clan was also recognized as a family of pedigree of the Ashikaga family in the Muromachi period, but there was no future for the clan as Shugo Daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords).
- 元文4年(1738年)には銭相場の高値是正および材料の銅の供給不足などから、江戸深川十万坪、仙台石巻、江戸本所 (墨田区)押上などの銭座で鉄一文銭の鋳造が始まった。
- In 1739, the minting of one-mon iron coin started at zeniza located in Jumantsubo of Fukagawa in Edo, Ishinomaki of Sendai, Oshiage of Honjo (Sumida Ward) in Edo, and so on, due to correction of high market price of currency and short supply of materials.
- 薩軍主力が北方に転戦したため鎮台の守城負担は幾分減ったとはいえ、開戦前の出火で失った糧食の補充が充分でないため糧食不足に苦しみ、極力消費を抑えることでしのいでいた。
- After the main force of the Satsuma army was transferred to north, a burden on the garrison in defending the castle was reduced; however, since the provisions that lost in the fire before the battle had not been made up enough, the garrison had a problem of food shortage and had to stretch the food out by reducing the consumption as much as possible.
- 一方、東路軍は度重なる日本軍のコマンド作戦により、博多沖の海上で釘付け状態となり、やがて食料や水不足と発生した疫病により「兵糧攻め」と同じ状態になって疲弊していた。
- On the other hand, the Eastern Route Army was forced to stay at sea near Hakata by successive attacks by Japanese commandoes, and soon became exhausted by the situation that would 'drive them into starvation,' due to the shortage of food and water as well as an epidemic.
- 1468に足利義政の命令で明に渡った禅僧の天与清啓が記録した『戊子入明記』によると、遣明船は700~1700石の大型船で150人程度の乗員(内水夫50人)であった。
- According to 'Boshi Nyuminki' written by Zen monk Tenyo Seikei, who visited Ming in 1468 at the behest of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, large ships, whose size were 700 to 1700 goku (a unit of ship size), were used for Kenminsen and 150 persons (including fifty sailors) were on board.
- ---「やきいもーやきいもー栗よりうまい十三里ー」栗より美味い十三里と言う文言は「栗」を九里と「より」を四里とを足して焼き芋のことを十三里というなぞかけ言葉である。
- The vendors sold baked sweet potatoes by shouting 'Sweet Potatoes! Sweet Potatoes! It's 13 ri (old Japanese unit of distance), 4 ri more delicious than 9 ri!,' which is a wordplay meaning that sweet potatoes are more delicious ('more' is synonym of '4 ri') than chestnuts (synonym of '9 ri'.)
- 室町幕府3代将軍足利義満が、明皇帝から「日本国王源道義(にほんこくおうげんどうぎ)」の封号を与えられ、日本国王に冊封されて以降、室町将軍の外交称号として使用された。
- It had come to be used as the diplomatic title of the Muromachi shogun since Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third shogun of Muromachi shogunate government, was appointed king of Japan under a seal of investiture of a title of 'Nihon-kokuo Gen Dogi' by the emperor of the Ming dynasty.
- 非士分の者たちとして厩別当の杉山与五右衛門、茶坊主の鈴木松竹、牧野春斎、足軽の大河内六郎右衛門、森半右衛門、権十郎、仲間八大夫、兵右衛門、若右衛門などの名が伝わる。
- People of non-samurai class who participated included Umaya-no-betto, Yogoemon SUGIYAMA, tea servers Shochiku SUZUKI and Shunsai MAKINO, foot soldiers Rokuroemon OKOCHI, Hanemon MORI, Gonjuro, Hachidaibu NAKAMA Hyoemon and Wakaemon.
- 645年(皇極4年)の乙巳の変で、天智天皇・中臣鎌子(藤原鎌足)らが宮中(板蓋宮)で蘇我入鹿を暗殺し、蘇我蝦夷を自殺に追いやり、半世紀も続いた蘇我氏の体制を滅ぼした。
- In 645, Prince Naka no Oe (later, Emperor Tenji) and Kamako NAKATOMI (later, Kamatari FUJIWARA) assassinated Iruka SOGA at the Imperial Court, drove Emishi SOGA to suicide and annihilated the Soga clan, in what is known as the The Isshi Incident, or Incident of 645.
- 出雲国守護の塩冶高貞も足利尊氏に味方、扶重も尊氏方に属し、延元2年/建武4年(1337年)には北陸方面で戦い、金ヶ崎城攻略戦や美濃国での北畠顕家への押さえに当たった。
- As Takasada ENYA, the military governor of Izumo Province, took the side of Takauji ASHIKAGA, Sukeshige also belonged to the side of Takauji and fought in the north central region where he participated in the battle of reducing Kanagasakijo Castle as well as suppressing of Akiie KITABATAKE in Mino Province in 1337.
- これは蓮如が一番危惧していた本願寺宗門の「反体制」視につながりかねない出来事であり、事実室町幕府征夷大将軍である足利義尚は本願寺を討伐することも検討したとされている。
- This was an incident which could lead to the 'antiestablishment' movement against the Hongan-ji sect, which was what Rennyo feared most, and in fact Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdued the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) is said to have considered subduing Hongan-ji Temple.
- 川俣事件は、1900年2月13日、群馬県邑楽郡佐貫村川俣(現明和町 (群馬県))で、足尾鉱毒事件に関して、政府に請願するために出かける途中の農民と警官が衝突した事件。
- The Kawamata Incident was a struggle that took place on February 13, 1900 in Kawamata, Sanuki Village, Oura County, Gunma Prefecture (the present Meiwa Town, Gunma Prefecture) between police and peasants who were marching to Tokyo to protest to the Meiji government against the Ashio Copper Mine Mineral Pollution Incident.
- 室町時代にはいると、兵庫津は足利義満による日明貿易の拠点となり、遣明船の発着港としてにぎわったほか、李氏朝鮮や琉球王国の船も来航して再び国際貿易港としての地位を得た。
- In the Muromachi period, Hyogo no tsu became the base for the trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty in China by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, flourished as the arrival and departure port for Kenminsen (envoy ships dispatched to Ming China), the ships from Yi Dynasty Korea and The Ryukyu Kingdom came there and again got the status of an international port.
- 藤原四兄弟の子の系統はそれぞれ藤原南家、藤原北家、藤原式家、藤原京家と呼ばれ、それぞれの家に栄枯盛衰はあったものの、その後の政治や学問、文化に大きな足跡を残している。
- Each lineage of descendants of four Fujiwara brothers was called 'Fujiwara Nanke' (the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan), 'FUJIWARA Hokke' (the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan), 'Fujiwara Shikike' (the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan), and 'Fujiwara Kyoke' (the Western House of the Fujiwara clan); although they went through the rise and fall, they left a major mark on later politics, learning, and culture.
- 興国年間には南朝_(日本)方(後醍醐天皇方)として同族の伊佐氏 (常陸国)とともに常陸国伊佐郡 (常陸国)の伊佐城に拠り、北朝_(日本)方(足利方)の高師冬等と戦う。
- In the Kokoku era, after taking the side of the Southern Court (Japan) (headed by Emperor Godaigo), Yukimune placed his military base in the Isa Castle of Isa County (Hitachi Province), a main castle of his relative Ise clan, and fought against KO no Morofuyu of the Northern Court (Japan) (headed by the Ashikaga clan).
- 幕府は守護大名庶家や足利氏譜代から奉公衆を編成し、在京奉公を課したが、一方で守護大名は国内の在地領主(国人)に対する支配を強め、その所領に応じた軍役を課すようになった。
- The Muromachi bakufu formed the military guard of the shogunate from branch families of the territorial lords as provincial constable and hereditary vassals of Ashikaga clan and imposed service in Kyoto on them; on the other hand, the territorial lords as provincial constable tightened control over the local lords in their provinces and imposed military services on them according to their territories.
- ただ当時発足したばかりの日本軍は地方農村部などの次男・三男を集めた集団であり、飯や日本食で育った彼らの中には、あまりに異質な西洋の料理に対して拒否感を示す者も見られた。
- The early stage of Japanese military was formed by the group of young people composed of the second or third sons collected from rural and agricultural regions; they had grown up by eating traditional Japanese food with rice-centered diet, thus some could not easily accept such Western style dishes so different from their eating habit.
- その後の国際法学は実定法をより重視する傾向が増し、エムリッシュ・ヴァッテル (Emmerich de Vattel) は、自然法と実定法双方に軸足をおいた学説を唱えた。
- In international jurisprudence after him, however, the tendency to attach more importance to positive law, and Emmerich de Vattel advanced a theory which was based both on natural law and positive law.
- しかし、その後の経済発展により生じた銭貨不足を補うため、明暦2年(1656年)、幕府は江戸浅草鳥越 (台東区)および駿河国沓谷(くつのや)に銭座を設け鋳銭を命じている。
- In 1656, however, in order to make up for scarcity of coins due to the subsequent economic development, the bakufu established zeniza in Torigoe, Asakusa, Edo (Taito Ward) and in Kutsunoya, Suruga Province and ordered mintage.
- 日本政府は治外法権(領事裁判権)、関税自主権の問題解決の足がかりとして、アジア以外の国の1つとまず対等条約を結び、それを前例として欧米諸国と再交渉することを考えていた。
- The Japanese government was hoping to renegotiate the unequal treaties with the Western countries and solve the issues concerning extraterritoriality (consular jurisdiction) and tariff autonomy by concluding the first equal treaty with a non-Asian country as a precedent.
- 新田義貞の没後、新田義興、脇屋義治軍総勢6,000騎が松田城、河村城や西丹沢の諸城に移り、これを足利尊氏自ら大軍を率いて攻め込んできたので、足柄の地は一大戦場と化した。
- After Yoshisada NITTA died, a total of 6,000 troopers of the army of Yoshioki NITTA and Yoshiharu WAKIYA moved to castles in Nishi Tanzawa including Matsuda-jo Castle and Kawamura-jo Castle, and Takauji ASHIKAGA himself attacked them with a large force, which made Ashigara a major battlefield.
- すなわち、曲尺の1尺は日本語で言う1歩分(片足を前に踏み出した長さ)ということになる(なお、その後1歩の面積は大きくなってゆき、現在の1歩は曲尺で6尺四方となっている)。
- In other words, 1 shaku of the kane-jaku was the length of one step (the area of 1 bu became larger to be 6 shaku square in the kane-jaku for present 1 bu).
- 応永34年(1427年)に満祐が家督を相続した時、将軍足利義持は播磨国を取り上げて寵臣である赤松持貞に与えようとし、満祐が京の屋敷を焼いて領国に引き上げる事件が起こった。
- In 1427, an incident occurred, in which Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA attempted to confiscate the Harima Province which Mitsusuke took over as head of the family, and to give it to his favorite retainer, Mochisada Akamatsu, then Mitsusuke burned his residense in Kyoto and went back to his own territory.
- 日本は中国と戦争を行っていたことから、台湾の漢民族を兵士として採用することには反対が多かったが、兵力不足からやむをえず志願兵制、そして1945年からは徴兵制が施行された。
- As Japan was fighting a war with China, many objected to accept the Taiwanese of the Han race as soldiers, but the shortage of soldiers caused the government to introduce the volunteer soldier system and then the draft system in 1945.
- 21年の中断を経て、足利義教が1432に再開し、1550までに11次51隻(このうち、幕府所有船は7隻で、朝廷船1隻、残りは守護大名、寺社所有船であった)が渡航している。
- After twenty-one years of interruption, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA resumed the operation in 1432 and eleven fleets or fifty-one ships (seven ships were owned by the bakufu, one was owned by the Imperial Court and the rest were owned by the shugo-daimyo or temples/shrines) visited Ming until 1550.
- 斯波氏没落後、足利義詮はすぐにその領国である若狭国・越前・越中国・摂津などの守護職を没収し、幕府の御料所となし、奉行人を派遣して、寺社本所領の返付や半済の停止を執行した。
- After the collapse of the Shiba clan, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA immediately deprived it of shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) of the provinces of Wakasa, Echizen, Ecchu and Settsu, made these provinces bakufu's territory, dispatched bugyonin (group of magistrates), returned Jisha Honjo Ryo (lands formerly owned by temples/shrines) and suspended hanzei (shugo's right to collect half of the taxes).
- しかし金貨の不足から経営不振に陥り、やむなく国立銀行条例を改正し不換紙幣の発行が認められるようになってからは銀行の数が急増し、新たな国立銀行紙幣(不換紙幣)が発行された。
- But they ran into financial difficulty due to the lack of gold coins, and since the regulation of national bank was forced to be amended to permit issuance of inconvertible currency, the number of banks increased abruptly and new Kokuritsu Ginko Shihei (inconvertible currency) was issued.
- 6代将軍の足利義教の頃には将軍家の「弓馬師範」としての地位を確立し、以後的始め、馬始めなど幕府の公式儀礼をしばしば差配し、当時における武家の有職故実の中心的存在となった。
- In the period of the sixth shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, it established the position of 'the master of kyuba' of the shogun family and often managed the official ceremonies of bakufu such as Mato-hajime and Uma-hajime (first horse riding in beginning of year) as the key player of yusoku kojitsu of samurai families around that time.
- 1889年(明治22年)4月1日 - 町村制施行に伴い、乙訓郡に向日町と乙訓村・新神足村・海印寺村・淀村・久我村・羽束師村・大枝村・大原野村・久世村・大山崎村が成立する。
- April 1, 1889: As a result of the enactment of the chosonsei (Town and Village System Law), Muko-machi, Otokuni-mura, Shinkotari-mura, Kaiinji-mura, Yodo-mura, Koga-mura, Hazukashi-mura, Oe-mura, Oharano-mura, Kuze-mura and Oyamazaki-mura were established in Otokuni-gun.
- 2007年度(平成19年)の一般会計は322億3403万円で、医師不足で機能縮小を余儀なくされている舞鶴市民病院への補助助成や舞鶴港貿易振興事業費などに重点をおくもので、
- The general account for Maizuru in FY 2007 was \32,234,030,000 which weighed on assistance provided to the Maizuru Municipal Hospital, which faced a shortage of doctors and cutbacks in various functions, together with focus placed on trade promotion project expenditure towards the Maizuru Port.
- 12月27日に発生した難波大助による昭和天皇狙撃事件(虎ノ門事件)により当時の第二次山本権兵衛内閣は総辞職に追い込まれ、枢密院 (日本)議長であった清浦奎吾内閣が発足した。
- With the attempt on the life of Emperor Showa (then Prince Regent) by Daisuke NANBA on December 27 (Toranomon Incident), the second Gonbei YAMAMOTO cabinet was forced to resign and was replaced by an administration under Keigo KIYOURA, who was chairman of the House of Peers (Japan).
- 優れた馬などは最前線にて用いられたために、小荷駄隊は足軽及び農村から徴発された人夫(陣夫)が駄馬や荷車に兵糧などを載せて引率するという機動性・戦闘力いずれも劣る部隊である。
- Since swift horses were used on the front lines, a Konidatai was a troop with inferior mobility and fighting capability that carried provisions on daba (packhorses) and carts by ashigaru (common foot soldiers) and laborers (servicemen) levied from farming villages.
- 室町幕府第3代征夷大将軍となった足利義満は太政大臣に昇り、更に治天の君の持つ政治的権限を手中にして永徳期以後は自らの手で家門・家領一括安堵を行って公家社会を支配下に置いた。
- Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Muromachi shogun, became Grand Minister with the political authority of a chiten no kimi; after the Eitoku period, he independently approved families and their estates en bloc, and exercised control over the court nobles.
- 1910年代前半より、各旧制大学・旧制高等学校・旧制専門学校などでは社会科学研究会(社研)が組織され、1924年9月には49校の社研が参加する学生連合会(学連)が発足した。
- From the first half of the 1910s, Shakai Kagaku Kenkyu-kai (Society for the Study of Social Science), or Shaken, has been organized in universities, high schools, vocational schools and so forth under the old system of education, and Gakusei Rengokai (Federation of Students), or Gakuren, in which Shaken from 49 schools participated, was inaugurated in September 1924.
- 尾張国を平定し、美濃国、伊勢国、近江国へと進出した織田信長は将軍足利義昭を奉じて上洛し、三河国の徳川家康と同盟し畿内の平定や本願寺攻め(野田城・福島城の戦い)を進めていた。
- Nobunaga ODA, who conquered Owari, Mino, Ise and Omi Provinces, came up to Kyoto, making him Shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA's servant; then he conquered the areas in and around Kyoto, and, in alliance with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA of Mikawa Province, promoted the seige of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple (battles at Noda-jo Castle and Fukushima-jo Castle).
- 実権を握った平頼綱は泰盛の弘安改革を否定し、幕府の人事は得宗を頂点に北条氏 (大仏流)、北条氏 (名越流)を中心に北条一族の支配となり、足利氏ら旧来の御家人の姿は無かった。
- TAIRA no Yoritsuna held a real power and rejected Yasumori's Koan reform, and the most of the positions in the bakufu were occupied by the Hojo family, with Tokuso at the top and the Osaragi line of the Hojo clan and the Nagoe line of the Hojo clan at the center, and no important positions were given to old gokenin like the Ashikaga clan.
- しかし、政宗はそうした親族血縁や幕府の旧権威を良しとせず、伊達氏の勢力拡大を推し進め、足利一門の畠山氏嫡流の流れを汲む二本松氏を打倒し、蘆名氏や旧奥州探題・大崎氏と戦った。
- However, as Masamune did not respect such relationship and old authorities of bakufu, he promoted a territorial expansion of the Date clan by beating the Nihonmatsu clan, a branch family of the Hatakeyama clan (one of the Ashikaga clan), and fighting against the Ashina clan and the Osaki clan, a former Oshu Tandai.
- - 伊達氏初代・伊達朝宗の次男 伊達為家にはじまる家系で、その七世・伊達資宗が足利尊氏に従い功績を挙げて、駿河国有度郡入野庄に所領を得、後に遠江国山名郡諸井郷を本拠とした。
- The Suruga-Date clan was founded by Tameie DATE (the second son of Tomomune Date [the founder of the Date clan]), and Sukemune DATE, the seventh family head of the clan, was awarded territories in Irino-sho, Arito County, Suruga Province by Takauji ASHIKAGA in return for his achievements, and later, Sukemune designated Moroi-go, Yamana County, Totomi Province, as his ruling base.
- 長禄元年(1457年)に赤松氏の遺臣が禁闕の変で後南朝に奪われた三種の神器のうちの神璽を奪還した事で足利義政時代の赤松政則(義雅の孫)のときに再興を果たしている(長禄の変)。
- In 1457, surviving retainers of the Akamatsu clan regained the sacred jewel, one of the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family, and thanks to this achievement, the clan could be restored in the generation of Masanori AKAMATSU (grandchild of Yoshimasa) in the age of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA (the Choroku Incident).
- 1897年、鉱毒被害地の農民が大挙して東京に陳情(当時の表現では押出し)を行うなど、世論が高まると、同年3月、政府は足尾銅山鉱毒調査委員会を設置し、数度の鉱毒予防令を出した。
- In 1897 large numbers of peasants from the affected area went to Tokyo to protest (called 'Oshidashi', protest) and the general verdict on the company and government became negative, then, in March of the same year, the government established the Research Committee of Ashio copper mine Mining Pollution and issued several acts for preventing mining pollution.
- 『続史愚抄』によれば、建武5年8月28日 (旧暦)に朝廷で行われた「暦応」改元の決定は幕府側には伝えられず、足利尊氏ら幕府首脳は9月4日 (旧暦)になって初めて知ったという。
- According to 'Zoku Shigusho' (Historical work published in 1791), the decision to change the name of the era to 'Ryakuo' in the Imperial Court on October 19, 1338 was not conveyed to the bakufu, and it was not until October 25 that the seniors in the bakufu, including Takauji ASHIKAGA knew of the change.
- 時が下り、松田元隆の代には、足利義晴のもと大永2年(1522年)京の都で侍所室町幕府に就任するなどしていたが、享禄4年(1531年)、天王寺合戦で味方の浦上村宗とともに討死。
- In a later period, in the time of Motomichi MATSUDA, he assumed his post as Shoshidai (deputy governor of the Board of Retainers) in the capital in Kyoto in 1522 under the reign of Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, but he died at the Battle of Tennoji in 1531along with his colleague Muramune URAGAMI.
- また、備後国の山内首藤氏は、南北朝時代 (日本)の1351年(貞和7)に、分轄相続によって結束力の薄れた一族11人が、一致団結して足利冬直につくことを誓約した文章が残っている。
- In addition, the Yamauchisudo clan of Bingo Province had an emblem made from a pledge in 1351, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to serve Fuyuji ASHIKAGA by unifying eleven members that became less unified due to divided inheritance.
- 図書寮で紙製造を扱っていた紙屋院は、原料貢進不足から新しい紙を漉くことが困難となり、宿紙を専門とするようになり図書寮が陰陽寮に暦に堪えうる料紙を支給することが困難になってきた。
- Kamiyain, who had been making paper in Toshoryo, had difficulty making paper because of the shortage of material, and therefore, began to make recycled paper called shukushi, and this made it difficult for Toshoryo to supply good quality paper for calendar to Onmyoryo.
- この鎌倉府は足利家出身の鎌倉公方とこれを補佐する上杉家出身の関東管領に指導されていたが、関東管領の任命権は幕府が握っていたこともあり、鎌倉公方と関東管領はしばしば対立していた。
- Although the Kamakura Government was led by Kamakura Kubo who came from the Ashikaga family and its assistant Kanto Kanrei who came from the Uesugi family, Kamakura Kubo and Kanto Kanrei were often confronted each other partly because an appointive power of Kanto Kanrei was handled by the bakufu.
- 北京議定書で清朝に定められた賠償金4億5000万両(利払いを含めると8億5000万両になる)という額は、年間予算1億両足らずであった当時の清朝にはまさに天文学的な要求であった。
- The amount of the reparations of 450 million taels specified in the Peking Protocol (850 million taels in total with the interest) was a really astronomical demand to the Qing Dynasty whose annual budget was less than 100 million taels.
- 金禄公債の金利(下級武士に充てられた7分付き公債の場合)の日割額は当時の東京の労働者の最低賃金の1/3であったとされており、金禄公債を売って生活の足しにする人も少なくなかった。
- The per-diem rate of interest of Kinroku government securities is said to have been only one third of the lowest wages of workers in Tokyo (in case of a bond for lower-class warriors, which bore an interest of 7% per year), and many former warriors had to sell their bonds to cover living expenses.
- その子江戸通房の代には上杉禅秀の乱が勃発し、鎌倉公方足利持氏についた通房は、禅秀方に味方して共に没落した大掾氏の一族の馬場氏の拠点である馬場城(後の水戸城)の近辺に所領を得た。
- When the War of Zenshu UESUGI occurred, Michikage's son Michifusa supported Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, the then-Kamakura kubo, and gained a territory near the Baba-jo Castle (later Mito-jo Castle) owned by the Baba clan, a family of the Daijo clan who sided with Zenshu and fell.
- より具体的には「長篠の戦いの緒戦で、武田軍は家老山県昌景を一番手として織田陣営を攻め立てたに対し、織田軍の足軽は身を隠したままひたすら鉄砲を撃ち、誰一人前に出ることはなかった。」
- More specifically, 'when the Takeda army led by Karo (chief retainer) Masakage YAMAGATA attacked the Oda side at the start of the Battle of Nagashino, the ashigaru (common foot soldiers) of the Oda army, none of whom stepped forward and who hid themselves, kept shooting the teppo.'
- 足軽には苗字帯刀を許されたものもおり、功績によっては徒士への昇格も許されていたが、中間以下にはそういったことが一切許可されないなど、この両者の間にもはっきりとした境界線があった。
- Some Ashigaru were allowed Myojitaito, and depending upon their achievements, some were allowed to rise to Kachi, but Chugen and below were never allowed such privileges and there was a clear boundary between these two as well.
- 最大会派研究会_(貴族院)に所属していた岡田良平ら10名の勅選議員が、研究会と原内閣との連携に反発して会派離脱を行い、これに細川護立ら一部の純無所属議員を加えて25名で発足した。
- The Second Independents was established by 25 members including 10 nominated members of the House of Peers such as Ryohei OKADA who had belonged to the largest faction Kenkyu-kai (the House of Peers) opposed the cooperation of the Kenkyu-kai and the Hara Cabinet and left from the faction as well as some members of the Independents including Moritatsu HOSOKAWA.
- だが、攻撃の主要な対象が今まで徴税を行ってきた幕府や諸藩及びこれと結びついた村役人・御用商人などに向かったことによって、結果的には幕府・諸藩の軍事行動の足を引っ張る結果となった。
- However, these revolts resulted in hindering the military action of the Edo bakufu and the domains, because the main targets of the revolts were directed to those who had been the authority of taxation until then, such as the Edo bakufu and the domains, as well as the people related to the authorities, such as village officers and chartered merchants.
- 七分積金や人足寄場の設置など、今日でいう社会福祉政策を行ってもいるが、思想や文芸を統制し、全体として町人・百姓に厳しく、旗本・御家人を過剰に保護する政策を採り、民衆の離反を招いた。
- Although Sadanobu also implemented present social welfare policies such as the accumulation of relief fund for the poor (seventy-percent reserve fund) and the establishment of independence support facilities for minor offenders and the homeless (ninsokuyoseba), the support of the people was lost due to the strict control over thought, art and literature, in short townspeople and peasants as a whole, and the excessive protection of his retainers on the other hand.
- 「砲第五号 砲兵支廠鹿児島属廠設置之スナイトル弾薬器械其廠ヘ備附其廠ニ於テ製作可致此旨相達候事但入費之儀ハ其廠額金之内ヲ以取計 追而不足之節可申出事 十年一月八日 陸軍卿山県有朋」
- 砲第五号 砲兵支廠鹿児島属廠設置之スナイトル弾薬器械其廠ヘ備附其廠ニ於テ製作可致此旨相達候事但入費之儀ハ其廠額金之内ヲ以取計 追而不足之節可申出事 十年一月八日 陸軍卿山県有朋'
- 敵(清朝兵:加筆者)ノ死屍七八百ハ砲台内ニ横タワレリト云フ」(大沽砲台の攻防についての日本軍の批評)とあるように、訓練不足のため近代兵器を活用できず、暴発などで自滅した例も有った。
- Seven hundred dead bodies of the enemy (Qing dynasty army, improved by a writer) were said to be lying around' (the review of Japanese army concerning offense and defensive battle of Taku Fort); they were not able to utilize modern weapons due to lack of training and destroyed themselves with explosions in some cases.
- 「天智天皇の命令により藤原鎌足が天智元年(668年)に律令を編纂した」(『藤氏家伝』大織冠伝)及び「天智元年に令22巻を制定した。これが『近江朝廷之令』である」(『弘仁格式』序)。
- Firstly, the description in Taishokukanden (the story of Kamatari) in 'Toshi Kaden' (Biographies of the Fujiwara clan): 'By the order of the Emperor Tenchi, FUJIWARA no Kamatari compiled a Ritsuryo code in 668'; and secondly, the description in the introduction of 'Konin Kyakushiki' (compilation of rules, regulations, and precedents): 'A 22-volume series code was enacted in 668. It is 'Omi-chotei-no-ryo' (The Administrative Code of the Omi Court)'.
- そして、『今昔物語集』巻19第4話「摂津守満仲出家せる語」で源満仲は出家した我が子に「我が心に違う者有れば、虫などを殺すように殺しつ、少し宜しと思う罪には手足を切る」と嘆かれている。
- Furthermore, MINAMOTO no Mitsutaka was grieved by his own child that went through shukke (to become a Buddhist monk) 'if there is someone who defies your will, you kill him as though he was an insect, and cut off his arms and legs for a minor crime' in the 'Story of Mitsunaka, who was the Settsu no kami (governor of Settsu Province) and underwent shukke (become Buddhist Priest)' in Volume 19 Story 4 of 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu' (The Tale of Times Now Past).
- 足尾銅山による鉱毒被害が増大すると、衆議院議員田中正造の主導の下、1896年10月4日、群馬県邑楽郡渡瀬村 (群馬県)(現館林市)にある雲龍寺に、栃木・群馬両県鉱毒事務所がおかれた。
- As the mining pollution damage caused by the Ashio copper mine became serious, Shozo TANAKA, a member of the House of Representatives, set up a mining damage office for both Ibaragi and Gunma Prefecture on October 4, 1896 at Unryu-ji Temple in Watase Village, Oura County, Gunma Prefecture (the present Tatebayashi City, Gunma Prefecture.)
- しかし、その藤原南家が藤原仲麻呂の乱で衰退してしまうと、石川氏も平安京遷都後亡くなった正四位上・参議、石川真守(年足の孫、馬子の7代孫)を最後に公卿は出なくなり、歴史から姿を消した。
- However, as the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan entered a terminal decline after FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's Rebellion, the Ishikawa clan also failed to produce other kugyo (court noble) succeeding ISHIKAWA no Mamori (Toshitari's grandchild and the seventh generation of Umako's grandchildren), who was Shoshiinojo (Senior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) and sangi (Councillor), died after the transfer of the capital to the Heian-kyo, and would vanish from history.
- 一方特産品の藍染め品や藍染品などのさまざまな農産品を生産し、それらを扱う商いのまちとして栄えてきた福知山は、後継者不足などの問題によりそれらの産業は衰退しほぼ完全に消滅してしまった。
- On the other hand, while Fukuchiyama used to flourish in the production of specialty goods and various agricultural products such as indigo-dyeing, such industries have declined over time due to a shortage of successors and have disappeared almost completely.
- 関山直太郎(1958年)は、旗本御家人と家族約11万5千人、その家来・従属者約10万人、諸藩の在府者と家族約18万人、幕府直属の足軽・奉公人等約10万人、合計約50万人と推定している。
- On the other hand, Naotaro SEKIYAMA (1958) estimated that the aggregate population of samurai households was around 500,000, composed of 115,000 hatamoto and their dependents, 100,000 of their servants, 180,000 domain-retained samurai and their dependents, and 100,000 of ashigaru (common foot soldier) and servants retained by Bakufu.
- 加えて経済発展により銭不足も目立ち始めたため、勘定奉行の荻原重秀は銅一文銭についても量目を減ずることとし、量目がこれまでの一匁(3.7グラム)程度から八分(3.0グラム)程度となった。
- In addition, since a shortage of coins became remarkable due to economic development, Shigehide OGIWARA, kanjo bugyo (commissioner of finance), decided to also decrease ryome (a weighed value) of one-mon copper coin, and the ryome decreased from about one monme (equivalent to 3.7 grams) in the past to about eight bu (equivalent to 3.0 grams).
- 良基が17歳であった建武 (日本)3年8月15日 (旧暦)(1336年9月20日)、建武政権を崩壊させた足利尊氏の工作によって持明院統の光厳上皇及び弟の豊仁親王が押小路烏丸殿に入った。
- On September 28, 1336, when Yoshimoto was 17 years old, the Retired Emperor Kogen and his younger brother, Imperial Prince Yutahito, who were of the Jimyoin Line, entered Oshikoji Krasumadono residence, with a maneuvering of Takauji ASHIKAGA, who caused the Kenmu administration to collapse.
- 後醍醐天皇の忠臣であった多田頼貞は、建武の新政で摂津能勢郷の目代となり足利尊氏離反後には南朝方として各地を転戦したが劣勢により備前国で自害し、その子能勢頼仲の代で尊氏に仕えたとされる。
- Yorisada TADA, a loyal subject to Emperor Godaigo became mokudai (deputy provincial governor) in Settsu Nose village and after Takauji ASHIKAGA's estrangement, he moved from place to place to fight on the side of the Southern Court, but killed himself in Bizen Province when his army was in an inferior position, and after that, his son Yorinaka NOSE served Takauji.
- 尾張国の戦国大名織田信長が、農民の子から足軽になった羽柴秀吉(豊臣秀吉)を家臣に登用したように、実力次第では出世が可能になるのも、戦国大名の家臣団において見られたひとつの傾向であった。
- Within the Kashindan under a Sengoku daimyo, however, there was a trend to give promotions based on abilities; this was seen in the case of Hideyoshi HASHIBA (Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) who had been born from a peasant family, became an ashigaru (common foot soldier) and was promoted to a vassal by Nobunaga ODA, a Sengoku daimyo in Owari Province.
- 明治になってからアメリカ側はこの免許を根拠に建設要請を行ったが、明治政府は「この書面の幕府側の署名は、京都の新政府発足後のもので外交的権限を有しないもの」である旨をもって却下している。
- At the start of the Meiji Period, America requested the construction based on the license, but the Meiji Government declined the request on the grounds that the license was signed by Bakufu after the new government in Kyoto went into effect and it lacked a diplomatic authority.
- その予防対策として、懲罰としての意味合いや将軍のお膝元である江戸浄化のため、犯罪者の予備軍になりえる無宿者を捕らえて佐渡島の佐渡金山に送り、彼らを人足として使役しようとするものである。
- In what was at once a preventative and punitive measure as well as an effort by the Shogun to clean up Edo, the seat of his power, the homeless who were deemed potential criminals were rounded up and sent to the Sado gold mine on Sadoga-shima Island and put to work as laborers there.
- この頃の事は国人衆の記述が多い『余目氏旧記』にも出でこない事を考えると、足利一門として大崎氏や最上氏と同列に認識されていたと思われ、塩松氏(石橋氏)は高い家格を誇っていたこともわかる。
- Because what happened to the clan at that time was not written in the 'Amarume shi Kyuki' (Old Record by the Amarume Clan) which had many details of local lords, the clan, which was ranked in the same level as the Osaki and the Mogami clans as a family of the Ashikaga clan, boasted of high family status.
- 織田方が川を渡ろうとすると人馬が足を取られて前進できず、また川を越えた者も湿地帯で動きが鈍っている所に、頭上から25人ずつが二列横隊を組んで間断なく鉄砲で狙い撃ち、さらに弓隊が射立てた。
- While some of the Oda army could not move in the river and others who crossed the river could not progress quickly in the marsh, two rows of 25 soldiers each shot them with guns without interruption and furthermore, other units shot them with bows.
- 一方では唐の時代には既に経済規模に対して銅銭発行量が追いついていなかったといわれる中での更なる銅銭流出は、結果的には「銭荒」と呼ばれる銅銭不足の状態を恒常化させて中国経済を混乱に陥れた。
- Meanwhile, it is said that the mint output of copper coins was already behind the country's economic scale during the Tang Dynasty and under such circumstances the further outflow of copper coins plunged the Chinese economy into chaos by causing constant lack of copper coins called 'senko'.
- その子貞義は元弘3年(1333年)、後醍醐天皇方の勢力討滅の命を帯びて上洛途上の足利尊氏が三河国に逗留した際、貞義は「天皇について鎌倉幕府打倒のために立ち上がるべきである」と強硬に進言。
- In 1333, Sadayoshi, child of Mitsuuji strongly proposed Takauji ASHIKAGA, who was sojourning in Mikawa Province on the way the Kyoto, on the mission destroying the power of the Emperor Godaigo's side, 'be the side of the Emperor, and stand up for defeating the Kamakura bakufu.'
- 南北朝時代 (日本)に敵対していた南朝 (日本)(大覚寺統)の後醍醐天皇の崩御の知らせを聞いた室町幕府の足利尊氏が嵯峨野に天竜寺を造営したのも、ここが大覚寺統ゆかりの地であった事による。
- Takauji ASHIKAGA of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) built Tenryu-ji Temple in Sagano on hearing of the death of his opponent Emperor Godaigo (belonging to Daikakuji-to) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), due to Sagano's association with Daikakuji-to.
- そして篠村(亀岡市篠町)では、鎌倉時代末期には足利尊氏が挙兵し、安土桃山時代にも亀山城 (丹波国)主の明智光秀が本能寺の変へと向う際にそれに倣ったとされるなど、時代変革の舞台ともなった。
- It was also the stage for some big upheavals in Japanese history, for example, when Takauji ASHIKAGA raised his army in Shinomura (now Shino-cho in Kameoka city) at the end of the Kamakura period, and in the Azuchi-momoyama period, when Mitsuhide AKECHI, the lord of Kameyama Castle, probably following such an example, started the Incident at Honno-ji.
- その一方で、新通貨制度では天保通宝一枚=8厘(寛永通宝一枚=1厘)と換算されたために、新時代に乗り遅れた人やそれに適応するだけの才覚の足りない人を揶揄して「天保銭」と呼ぶ事もあったという。
- On the other hand, as one Tenpo-tsuho coin was converted as eight rin (one Kanei-tsuho coin was one rin) in the new monetary system, it is said that people who were way behind the times or people who did not have ability to do so were sometimes cynically called 'Tenpo sen.'
- 会社自体は大手の中では後発だが、戦前の日活の製作機構を主に引き継いでいる(発足時に合併で得た新興=帝キネの製作部門は戦後に分離し東映の母体となる)ため伝統ある老舗として語られることが多い。
- Although a late starter among the leading motion picture companies in Japan, Daiei was regarded a respected, longstanding company because it mainly inherited Nikkatsu Corporation's prewar film-making organization including the production division of Shinko Cinema (formerly known as the Teikoku Cinema) which was merged at the time of establishment and was split in the postwar period to become a parent organization of Toei Company, Ltd.
- 鉱毒反対運動は、谷中村の廃村や、渡良瀬川の大工事による洪水の減少などによりしだいに弱まり、特に1902年以降、足利郡、梁田郡、安蘇郡、下都賀郡、邑楽郡の鉱毒被害地が豊作になると弱体化した。
- The movement against the mining pollution was gradually weakened due to the closure of Yanaka Village and the decrease of floods as the results of the large-scale constructions along Watarase-gawa River, and especially after 1902 when there was a good harvest in the damaged areas including Ashikaga County, Yanada County, Aso County, Shimotsuga County, Oura County, the movement became very weak.
- 『朝鮮王朝実録』によると、1482年(文明 (日本)14年、成宗 (朝鮮王)13年)4月、朝鮮国王成宗 (朝鮮王)に対し送られた日本国王(足利義政)使に同行して夷千島王使宮内卿が訪朝した。
- 'Korea Dynasties Fact Record' mentioned that in April 1482, Kunaikyo (Minister of the Sovereign's Household) sent by Ezochishimao visited Korea along with the envoy sent to Seongjang (King of Korea) by the King of Japan (Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA).
- 信長包囲網(のぶながほういもう)は、戦国時代_(日本)末期より安土桃山時代初頭にかけて、室町幕府征夷大将軍 足利義昭とその後ろ盾である織田信長との対立に由来する義昭主導の反信長連合の俗称。
- The anti-Nobunaga network is a commonly used name for the seige around Nobunaga led by Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA; from the end of the Sengoku period to the beginning of the Azuchi-Momoyama period, Nobunaga ODA was an official backing for Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, Seii Taishogun of the Muromachi shogunate, although, in reality, they were conflicted and Yoshiaki established that anti-Nobunaga network.
- 陸奥介大伴真綱だけは囲みを開いて多賀城に護送されたが、城下の住民が多賀城の中に入って城を守ろうとしたのに対し、真綱と掾の石川浄足はともに後門から隠れて逃げ、住民もやむなく散り散りになった。
- Azamaro stopped his enveloping attack only for Mutsu no suke (assistant governor of Mutsu Province) Matsuna OTOMO and transferred him to Taga-jo Castle, while, the residents in the castle town entering the Taga-jo Castle tried to protect it, however, ISHIKAWA no Kiyotari, the jo (secretary of provincial offices), and Matsuna escaped together secretly from the rear gate then the residents scattered out of necessity.
- なお従来は、将軍家の弓馬師範は信濃小笠原氏が務めたとされたり、貞宗が後醍醐天皇の師範、長高が足利尊氏の師範を務めたなどの説が流布していたが、これらは後世の付会に過ぎず史料的裏付けに乏しい。
- There had been some theories that the Shinano-Ogasawara clan served as the master of kyuba of the shogun family, Sadamune served as the master of Emperor Godaigo and Nagataka served as the master of Takauji ASHIKAGA, but those are sophistries without any evidence of historical materials.
- だが、応仁の乱以後には将軍の臨席は減少し、11代将軍足利義澄の頃には将軍主宰とされながら実際には将軍が臨席する事は無く、側近である内談衆が決定事項を将軍に取り次いで裁可を得る仕組みとなった。
- After the Onin War, the shogun's presence at gozen-sata became less, and in the tenure of the eleventh shogun Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA, the shogun namely chaired, but did not attend gozen-sata, which resulted in a procedure whereby naidan shu (judges), shogun's entourages, brought the decisions to the shogun for the approval.
- 奥書によると、応永29年(1422年)に兼良が自分の子弟の教育のために書いたものとあり、また別に室町幕府征夷大将軍足利義量の求めに応じて、19才の兼良が何の書物も見ずに書いて進ったともある。
- According to the colophon, it was written by Kaneyoshi for his disciples in 1422, and also, it was written by nineteen-year-old Kaneyoshi at the request from Seii taishogun (Commander in chief) of the Muromachi bakufu, Yoshikazu ASHIKAGA, without referring to any book.
- 貞治6年には仁木義長も幕府に帰参し、斯波義将も許されて上洛(越中守護に復帰)、さらに讃岐国に下っていた細川頼之(清氏の従兄弟)も上洛し、将軍義詮の下に有力守護らが従う足利幕府体制が確立する。
- In 1367, Yoshinaga NIKI submitted himself to bakufu, Yoshimasa SHIBA was permitted to return to Kyoto (reappointed to shugo of Ecchu Province), Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA (a cousin of Kiyouji) who was then in Sanuki Province came to Kyoto and finally Ashikaga bakufu system under which influential shugo submitted themselves to shogun Yoshiakira was established.
- 伊達軍が国見山へ移動中、上杉方梁川城の須田長義旗下車丹波等が、馬上百騎・小手六十三騎等を含む足軽百人ばかりを引き連れて梁川城から大隅川を渡り、藤田と桑折の間で伊達勢後尾の小荷駄隊を急襲した。
- While the Date army was moving to Mt. Kunimi, warriors including Tanba KURUMA serving Nagayoshi SUDA in the Yanagawa-jo Castle on the Uesugi side crossed the Osumigawa River from the Yanagawa-jo Castle with 100 ashigaru (common foot soldiers) as well as 100 horsemen and 63 horseman from Ote and suddenly attacked provision transporters bringing up the rear of the Date forces in the area between Fujita and Koori.
- 当時の日露戦争においては、日本軍が物資輸送のため京義線の敷設を計画するが、日本軍の人員不足で計画が暗礁に乗り上げており、この際、一進会がこの敷設工事に無償支援し、会員14万人以上を動員した。
- In the Russo-Japanese War, Japanese Army planned to construct Keigi Railroad for transport of goods, but the plan was suspended due to the shortage of labors, so Isshinkai mobilized over 140 thousands members as free support for the construction of the railroad.
- 新田一族中でも義貞とともに上京した者と鎌倉や新田荘に残った者にわかれ、前者は主に義貞に従い、後者や山名時氏や岩松氏・大舘氏・里見氏・世良田氏・大島氏などは主として足利氏に従い北朝方となった。
- The Nitta family was divided into those who came up to Kyoto with Yoshisada, and those who remained in Kamakura and Nitta no sho estate, and the former mostly followed Yoshisada, while the latter, and Tokiuji YAMANA, the Iwamatsu clan, Odachi clan, Satomi clan, Serada clan and Oshima clan mainly followed Takauji and belonged to the Northern Court.
- この竹原小早川家は小早川氏の分家筋にあたるが、元弘の乱以降、足利高氏の下で戦い、室町幕府成立に貢献したこともあり、徐々に勢力を拡大し、室町時代中期には本家・沼田小早川家と拮抗するまでに至る。
- This Takehara-Kobayakawa clan was a branch of the Kobayakawa clan but since the Genko War, they fought under Takauji ASHIKAGA and contributed to the establishment of the Muromachi Bakufu (Shogunate); they gradually increased their power and by the mid-Muromachi period, they were competing against the Nuta-Kobayakawa clan, the head family.
- 塩松の伝承に拠れば、奥羽まで管轄下に置く事になった鎌倉公方・足利氏満によって1392年宇都宮氏が塩松に入部してきたが、反発する奥州探題・大崎詮持が1400年に葛西満信らと共に宇都宮氏を追討。
- According to the legend of Shionomatsu, the Utsunomiya clan, dispatched by Ujimitsu ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kamakura region) who placed Ou under his jurisdiction, entered Shionomatsu in 1392, but rebellious Akimochi OSAKI, Oshu Tandai (supervisor for the civil government and military affairs in Oshu), in cooperation with Mitsunobu KASAI, searched out and killed the Utsunomiya clan in 1400.
- 『八幡大菩薩愚童訓』には「夜々ニ筑紫之地ヲ見廻、船戦之場懸足逃道ニ至マテ、差図ヲ書」とあり、『元史』趙良弼伝にも「使日本趙良弼、至太宰府而還、具以日本君臣爵号、州郡名数、風俗土宜来上」とある。
- 'Hachiman Daibosatsu Gudokun' (another title of Hachiman Gudokun) reads, 'they looked around Chikushi Province in the night and wrote instructions about the place for naval battle, position and the way to escape' and in addition, the records on Liang-pi CHAO in 'Genshi' also says, 'envoy to Japan Liang-pi CHAO reached Dazai-fu and returned with detailed information about Japanese titles granted to vassals, the number and names of provinces, customs and products.'
- 『高麗史』及び『元史』によれば、高麗の(のちの忠烈王の)執拗な要請があり、蒙人の高官は兵力不足を懸念して南宋攻略を先にすべきと主張したが、高麗を経由する東路からの日本侵攻が決定されたとされる。
- According to 'Koraishi' (The History of Goryeo) and 'Genshi' (The History of the Yuan Dynasty), Mongol high officials were worried about soldier shortage and insisted on conquering the Southern Sung Dynasty first, but Goryeo (later King Chungnyeol) persistently requested them to invade Japan from the eastern route via Goryeo, and thus it was so decided.
- 明経博士1名・助教2名・直講2名の各教官と、明経得業生(みょうぎょうとくぎょうしょう)4名・明経生(みょうぎょうしょう)400名から成るが、学生定員は平安時代を通じて充足されることはなかった。
- The Myogyodo department consisted of a Myogyo hakase (Professor of Confucianism), two assistant professors, four Myogyo Tokugyosho (honor students) and 400 Myogyosho (students); the number of students was fixed and never increased throughout the Heian period.
- しかしそうであれば、実朝薨御後も足利氏が存続し、やがて室町幕府を開くのであるから、「系譜的視点」なるものによるならば本項記述の如く実朝薨御を以て河内源氏の「崩壊」とするのは矛盾すると言えよう。
- However, if that is the case, it is contradictory to see the death of Sanetomo as the collapse of Kawachi-Genji as written in this section, because Ashikaga clan continued after the death of Sanetomo and established the Muromachi bakufu (feudal government headed by a shogun) according to the genealogical viewpoint.
- 1.の代表例としては、足利義満の猶子となった満済や皇位継承の箔付けのために後小松上皇の猶子となった伏見宮彦仁王(後花園天皇)、そして近衛前久の猶子として関白に就任した豊臣秀吉などがあげられる。
- The typical examples of 1. include Mansai who became the Yushi of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Prince Hikohito of Fushimi no miya (Emperor Gohanazono) who became the Yushi of the retired Emperor Gokomatsu in order to add dignity for his succession to the Imperial Throne, and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI who became Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) as the Yushi of Sakihisa KONOE.
- この問題はすなわち討ち入り後、泉岳寺にある長矩の墓に行くまでに突然姿を消した足軽寺坂吉右衛門が、逃亡者であるのか、それとも何らかの理由で同志達の許可を得たうえで離れた者であるのかの問題である。
- Effectively, the issue is whether the foot soldier Kichiemon TERASAKA who suddenly disappeared after a raid on the way to visit Naganori's grave in Sengaku-ji Temple, was a deserter or left his fellow soldiers with their permission for some reason.
- 日本の合戦では戦闘時、上級武士の指揮下に少人数ずつの銃手(鉄砲足軽)が組織化されて、この戦闘単位ごとに勲功を競うといった運用形態をとっていたこともあり、個々の銃手の命中率が重要視されたのである。
- At the time of a battle in Japan, gunners (teppo-ashigaru, foot soldiers fighting with firearms) were organized in small groups under the command of high-ranking warriors, and these units vied for exploits of war, therefore accuracy rate of individual gunners was of high concern.
- 大量の予算を充足する目的から、会計事務掛由利公正(福井藩士。のち由利公正)が導入した不換紙幣太政官札(10両、5両、1両、1分、1朱の5種)が大量に発行され、政府貨幣の信用が著しく低下していた。
- In order to secure a large budget, a lot of inconvertible paper currency, Dajokan-satsu (state bill) 5 types; 10 ryo, 5 ryo, 1 ryo, 1 bu, and 1 shu), introduced by an accountant, Kosei YURI (a feudal retainer of the Fukui clan, Kosei YURI later) was issued and the credibility of the government currency significantly fell off.
- 正税返却帳(しょうぜいへんきゃくちょう)とは、正税帳の記載内容に不備があったり、正税に未納や欠損などが生じて不足が存在する場合に主税寮から民部省に対して令制国に返却する旨を上申した解文(文書)。
- Shozei henkyakucho refers to gebumi (letter) written by Shuzeiryo to the attention of Minbusho to make a suggestion on the shozeicho's return to ryoseikoku, in the case that the shozeicho contains any defective mention, or that the amount was insufficient due to the unpaid or deficit of shozei.
- 皇極4年(645年)6月14日、乙巳の変の直後、皇極天皇は退位し、中大兄皇子に皇位を譲ろうとしたが、中大兄と鎌足との相談の結果、皇弟・軽皇子が即位し、孝徳天皇となり、中大兄皇子が皇太子になった。
- On July 15, 645, immediately after Isshi-no-hen, Emperor Kogyoku stepped down from the throne, tried to pass over the throne to Naka no Oe no Oji but as a result of a meeting between Naka no Oe and Kamatari, the younger brother of the Emperor, Prince Karu, acceded to the throne and became Emperor Kotoku, with Naka no Oe no Oji becoming the Crown Prince.
- 日本は公使館警備用の軍を派遣して朝鮮国王を保護し、その後開化派が新政権を発足させ、朝鮮国王をトップとする立憲君主制国家をうちたてて、日本の助力のもとに近代国家への道を突き進む、というものだった。
- After Japan protected the king of Korea by sending the troops for guarding the legation, the Progressive Party was to form a new government, establish a constitutional monarchy with the king of Korea at the top, and rush toward a modern state with Japanese assistance.
- その後正成の子の楠木正行、楠木正時や、正成の弟の楠木正季などは北朝 (日本)の足利尊氏との戦いで戦死し、生き残った正成の子の楠木正儀は南朝零落後にも有力武将として活躍し、北朝との和睦を仲介する。
- After that, Masashige's sons, Masatsura KUSUNOKI and Masatoki KUSUNOKI, and younger brother, Masasue KUSUNOKI, died in battle with Takauji ASHIKAGA of the Northern court; however, another son of Masashige, Masanori KUSUNOKI, survived even after the Southern Court's fall into straitened circumstances and served actively as a powerful military commander and served as a mediator of the reconciliation with the Northern Court.
- しかし、議会制度を発足させるためには、官制改革・民度・国民教育などが未成熟であり、時期尚早であったため、大久保利通を中心に「有司専制」と呼ばれる薩長藩閥による官僚を中心とした改革体制が維持された。
- However, it was too early to establish the Diet because the reform of the organization of the central government, the cultural level of the people, and national education were still immature, and due to the Saccho (Satsuma and Choshu) clanship a bureaucracy centered system called 'Yushi-sensei' led by Toshimichi OKUBO was maintained.
- 建武 (日本)2年(1335年)には蒲原津城を築城し、翌建武3年(1336年)には、池氏、河内氏、風間氏、於木氏、千屋氏、高梨氏らと島崎城に篭もり足利尊氏方の色部高長・加地影綱らと戦うが落城した。
- In 1335 he built Kanbaranotsu-jo Castle and, in 1336, based in Shimazaki-jo Castle, it fought along with the Ike clan, the Kawachi clan, the Kazama clan, the Ogi clan, the Chiya clan and the Takanashi clan against Takanaga IROBE and Kagetsuna KAJI on the part of Takauji ASHIKAGA's army, but the castle fell to the army.
- また、村上源氏の久我清通がこれを機に足利義満の時代に奪われた源氏長者の地位を取り戻すべく活動をしていたが、幕府は何の対策を打ち出せなかった(11月2日に清通は源氏長者に補任される(『公卿補任』)。
- Kiyomichi KOGA of the Murakami-Genji (the Minamoto clan descended from Emperor Murakami) took advantage of the opportunity to get back the position of Genji no choja (chief of the Minamoto clan) that was superseded in the age of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA but bakufu could not come up with any policies (Kiyomichi was appointed Genji no choja on November 2nd (in the old lunar calendar) ('Kugyobunin' (directory of court nobles)).
- 嘉吉の乱(かきつのらん)は、室町時代の嘉吉元年(1441年)に播磨国、備前国、美作国守護の赤松満祐が、六代征夷大将軍足利義教を暗殺し、領国播磨で幕府方討伐軍に敗れて討たれるまでの一連の騒乱である。
- Kakitsu War is referred to as a series of disturbances occurred in 1441, from when Mitsusuke AKAMATSU, a shugo (provincial constable) of the Harima Province, the Bizen Province, and the Mimasaka Province, assassinated Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, the 6th seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') to when he was defeated and killed by the punitive force of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in his own territory, Harima.
- 鎌倉幕府滅亡後は、後醍醐天皇の時代には親王任国となっていたため、後の後村上天皇となる義良親王が陸奥国府に入り、北畠顕家が陸奥大介鎮守府大将軍を務め、東北勢を率いて足利尊氏の勢力と大戦を繰り返した。
- Imperial Prince Norinaga, who became the Emperor Gomurakami later, entered Mutsu kokufu, the provincial capital of Mutsu Province, which had become shinno ninkoku (the province whose gubernatorial posts were reserved as sinecures for imperial princes) in the time of Emperor Godaigo after the downfall of Kamakura bakufu, and Akiie KITABATAKE, as Mutsu Osuke (Assistant Governor of Mutsu Province) and Chinju-fu daishogun, had mighty battles against the force of Takauji ASHIKAGA leading the force of Tohoku (north) region.
- このままでは朝鮮の近代化はおぼつかないと感じた金玉均・朴泳孝・徐載弼らの開化派(独立党)人士らは福澤諭吉や大隈重信をはじめ一足先に近代化を果たした日本の政財界の代表者達に接触し、交流を深めてゆく。
- Members of the Korean Progressive group (Independent Party) such as Ok-gyun KIM, Yong-hyo PAK and Jae-pil SEO, who thought that modernization might not be attained if Korea stayed as it was, contacted Yukichi FUKUZAWA, Shigenobu OKUMA and some of the key people in the political and business world in Japan that succeeded in modernization earlier and deepened their friendship.
- この条文は、もともとの由利の意図では庶民の社会生活の充足をうたったものであったが、福岡が政治の意味を込めて「官武一途」の語を挿入したため、条文の主旨が不明瞭になったことが指摘されている(稲田正次)。
- This provision declared fulfilling social life of the common people originally based on the intention of Yuri, however, because Fukuoka added 'No less than the civil and military officials' meaning politics, it is pointed out that the point of the provision became unclear (Masatsugu INADA).
- 中世に入ると、宋学の影響によって四書が重視されるようになると、明経道において新たに「明経道四書」を制定し、また足利学校でもこれに対抗して学校点と呼ばれる乎古登点を定めて学術における特権維持を図った。
- In the medieval period when Shisho (the Four Books of Confucianism) became valued under the influence of the Sung Study (Neo-Confucian), 'Myogyodo shisho' was newly established in Myogyodo, and in defiance of this, okototen called Gakkoten was set up to maintain the prerogative in learning in the Ashikaga School.
- 佃島の人足寄場とおなじく、囚徒に一種の職をあたえたから、改悟すれば些少の貯蓄を得て年を経て郷里にかえることをゆるされた)が、水替は過酷な重労働であり、3年以上は生存できないといわれるほど酷使された。
- Convicts on Sadoshima Island, much like those at the work-houses of Tsukudajima Island, were given one type of labor to perform, and so if they showed contrition they would receive a tiny sum as savings and, after many years, would be allowed to return to their hometowns), but drainage work was extremely heavy labor, and drainage laborers were so cruelly exploited that it was said they could not survive for more than three years.
- このままでは朝鮮の近代化はおぼつかないと感じた金玉均・朴泳孝・徐載弼らの開化派(独立党)人士らは、福澤諭吉や大隈重信をはじめ一足先に近代化を果たした日本の政財界の代表者達に接触し、交流を深めてゆく。
- Ok-gyun KIM, Yong-hyo PAK, and Jae-pil SEO of the Progressive Party (Independent Party), who had doubts about the modernization of Korea under this situation, reached the political and financial leaders of the early-modernized Japan, including Yukichi FUKUZAWA and Shigenobu OKUMA, and deepened exchanges with them.
- また永正5年(1508年)4月10日細川高国が入京時期に、逆に足利義澄は京から落ち延びて九里氏を頼って近江岡山城に落ち延びたが、同年10月2日に細川高国と大内義興は追討軍を差し向け岡山城の戦いに続く。
- On May 19, 1508, Takakuni HOSOKAWA entered the capital of Kyoto; in contrast, Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA fled from Kyoto to Okayama-jo Castle in Omi Province trusting in the Kuri clan, and on November 4, 1508, Takakuni HOSOKAWA and Yoshioki OUCHI dispatched a punitive force after Yoshizumi, which led to the Battle of Okayama-jo Castle.
- 社会規範を規定する刑法的な律と社会制度を規定する行政法的な令が中心的な位置を占め、律令の不足を補う改正法としての格および律令と格の施行細則としての性格を持つ式が一つの法体系、即ち律令法典を構成していた。
- The Ritsuryo codes were organized as a legal system centered on 'ritsu,' a criminal code defining social standards, and 'ryo,' an administrative code defining the social system, with 'kyaku,' or amendments, for supplementing ritsu and ryo, and 'shiki' as provisions for enacting ritsu, ryo, and kyaku.
- この「内大臣」は藤原鎌足のことで、近江大津宮は天智天皇が定めた都であるから、天智からたどることにすると、天智、天武、持統天皇、文武天皇、元明天皇、元正天皇、聖武天皇、孝謙天皇、淳仁の9人にしかならない。
- Since this 'Minister of the Center' refers to FUJIWARA no Kamatari and Imperial Palace Omi Otsu no Miya was a capital established by Emperor Tenchi, there are only nine emperors during the said period, namely, Tenchi, Tenmu, Jito, Monmu, Genmei, Gensho, Shomu, Koken, and Junnin.
- つまり、足利幕府以来最も長く礼法を伝える家系は現代には続いておらず、縫殿助家と共に徳川幕府の師範家となっていた旗本小笠原平兵衛家(もと赤沢氏)が現在では小笠原流(弓馬術礼法小笠原教場)宗家となっている。
- That is to say, the family line which had handed down the techniques longest since the Ashikaga shogunate didn't last and OGASAWARA Heibei family (former Akazawa clan) of direct retainers which was Nuidono no suke family as well as lecturer family of the Tokugawa shogunate, is the present head family of the Ogasawara school (Ogasawara Kyojo [Ogasawara training hall] of Japanese horse-back archery technique).
- さらに尾張へ進出してきた駿河守護の今川氏を桶狭間の戦いで破り、隣国三河国の徳川氏と同盟を結ぶことによって勢力を伸ばし、美濃国、伊勢国へ勢力を広げ、ついには上洛し足利将軍家の後継争いに介入するようになる。
- In the Battle of Okehazama, he defeated the Imagawa clan that was Shugo (Military Governor) of Suruga Province and that intruded Owari Province, formed an alliance with the Tokugawa clan of the adjacent province, Mikawa Province, expanded its influence to Mino Province and Ise Province, went to the capital (Kyoto) and intervened in the race for successor of the Ashikaga Shogun family.
- 元弘元年(1331年)、足利尊氏、新田義貞らの挙兵によって鎌倉幕府が滅亡した時(元弘の乱)には頼貞は尊氏に味方し、その後の南北朝時代 (日本) でも尊氏とともに転戦して戦功をあげ、美濃守護に任じられた。
- When the Kamakura bakufu was overthrown by the army raised byTakauji ASHIKAGA and Yoshisada NITTA in 1331 (Genko War), Yorisada sided with Takauji, and later distinguished himself in various battle fields in cooperation with Takauji during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), then he was finally appointed as Mino no Shugo (the provincial constable of Mino Province).
- 京都小笠原氏の一族は、嫡流は幕臣として続いたが、小笠原稙盛が永禄8年(1565年)の永禄の変で将軍足利義輝とともに討死すると、稙盛の子の小笠原秀清(少斎)は浪人し、後に細川氏(後の熊本藩細川氏)に仕えた。
- The main line of Kyoto-Ogasawara clan continued as Shogun's retainer, however, after Tanemori OGASAWARA died at Eiroku Incident in 1565, his son Hidekiyo (Shosai) OGASAWARA became a masterless samurai, but later he served the Hosokawa clan (the future Hosokawa clan of Kumamoto Domain).
- 1931年(昭和6年)4月1日 - 山科町が京都市東山区に編入し、醍醐村が伏見市、紀伊郡深草町・上鳥羽村・吉祥院村・下鳥羽村・横大路村・納所村・堀内村・向島村・竹田村とともに京都市に編入し、伏見区が発足。
- April 1, 1931: Yamashina Town became a part of Higashiyama Ward of Kyoto City, and Daigo Village became a part of Fushimi City, and Fukakusa Town of Kii District, villages of Kamitoba, Kisshoin, Shimotoba, Yokooji, Noso, Horiuchi, Mukaijima, and Takeda became a part of Kyoto City and Fushimi Ward was established
- 午前2時46分に山陽鉄道(現在の西日本旅客鉄道山陽本線)の福山駅に停車したところ、二等客車(二軸客車197号車)で、大日本帝国陸軍第12師団福岡連隊中隊長であった足立直躬大尉(当時45歳)が惨殺されていた。
- When the train stopped at Fukuyama station of the Sanyo Railway (currently JR West Sanyo Honsen) at 2:46 am, Senior Lieutenant Naomi ADACHI (45 years old) who was the commander of the Fukuoka regiment of the 12th division of the Japanese Imperial Army was found murdered in a 2nd grade car (two-axle four-wheel car, No. 197).
- 江戸時代の記録から、鈴木重意(重意)という人物が雑賀城主として数万石を領していたという話がよく取り沙汰されるが、実際に鈴木氏が居住していた十ヶ郷は雑賀城のある雑賀荘からみて川の対岸であり、信ずるに足りない。
- In the documents of the Edo period, a person called Shigeoki SUZUKI (or simply 'Shigeoki') frequently appears as the lord of Saiga-jo Castle with a stipend of several tens of thousands koku of crop yield, however, the Jikkago, where the Suzuki clan was actually settled, was on the opposite shore of the Saiga-so estate, and these descriptions lack the credibility.
- 江戸幕府による大政奉還を受け、王政復古 (日本)によって発足した明治新政府の方針は、天皇親政(旧来の幕府・摂関などの廃止)を基本とし、諸外国(主に欧米列強国を指す)に追いつくための改革を模索することであった。
- The aim of the Meiji government, which was created by the restoration of Imperial rule after Taisei-hokan (transfer of power back to the emperor) from the Edo Shogunate, was to establish the basis of direct Imperial rule by the emperor by the abolition of the Shogunate and the positions of Regent and Chief advisor to the emperor, and to investigate ways to reform and catch up with foreign countries (mainly, powerful countries in Western Europe and North America).
- 斯波義良他、代々の斯波氏当主、一色義道他代々の一色氏家督、仁木義長らの足利一門、西国一の名門といわれた大内義隆などの有力守護、もとは守護代で守護、最盛期は西国に11ヶ国の所領を得た尼子義久などが代表的である。
- Among the famous vassals granted these characters were: The heads of the Shiba clan such as Yoshisuke SHIBA (also referred as Yoshinaga SHIBA); the heads of the Isshiki clan such as Yoshimichi ISSHIKI, Yoshinaga NIKI, and other members of the Ashikaga family; powerful shugo such as Yoshitaka OUCHI, whose family was praised as the noblest in the west; and Yoshihisa AMAGO, who started as shugodai and ended as shugo with 11 provinces of holdings in the west in his prime.
- 箱根・竹ノ下の戦い(はこねたけのしたのたたかい)は、南北朝時代 (日本)の建武 (日本)2年(1335年)12月11日 (旧暦)(ユリウス暦1336年1月24日)に、足利尊氏勢と新田義貞勢の間で行われた合戦。
- The Battle of Hakone and Takenoshita was a battle between the Takauji ASHIKAGA forces and Yoshisada NITTA forces that broke out on February 1, 1336 during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- だが中国の銅の生産能力は決して高いとは言えない上に、経済の急速な発展から銅銭の需要が銅銭発行量を上回るペースで高まったために、結果的には市中に流通する銅銭が慢性的に不足すると言う銭荒現象が生じるようになった。
- However, since Chinese copper production capacity was not high enough and a demand for copper coins increased at a pace surpassing the amount of copper coins issued due to rapid economic development, a phenomenon called senko that the quantity of circulating copper coins was chronically short occurred.
- 一方、長慶の傀儡として君臨していた将軍・足利義輝は長慶の死を好機と見て、かねてから親密な関係にあった上杉謙信・武田信玄・朝倉義景など諸大名に上洛を呼びかけ、幕府再興を目指して積極的な活動を行なうようになった。
- Meanwhile, the shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, who was playing a puppet of Nagayoshi, took advantage of Nagayoshi's death, asked Kenshin UESUGI, Shingen TAKEDA, Yoshikage ASAKURA and other daimyo who had been close to Yoshiteru to go to Kyoto, and began to aggressively act for the restoration of the bakufu.
- 長享元年(1487年)、9代将軍足利義尚は六角高頼征伐を決定し、将軍直属の奉公衆を中心とした軍を率いて近江坂本へ出陣、9月には管領細川政元・若狭国守護武田国信・加賀国守護富樫政親を近江に召集し、高頼を攻撃する。
- In 1487, the ninth Shogun Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA decided to subjugate Takayori ROKKAKU, and headed an army mainly consisted of hokoshu (the shogunal military guard) directly under him to go into the battle in Sakamoto in Omi Province, and in September, the Shogun ordered the Shogunal Deputy Masamoto HOSOKAWA, Wakasa no kuni shugo (the provincial constable of Wakasa Province) Kuninobu TAKEDA and Kaga no kuni shugo (the provincial constable of Kaga Province) Masachika TOGASHI to Omi Province and attacked Takayori.
- これに対して一介の御家人から室町幕府を創設した足利氏の場合は、南北朝の内乱の中で敵から奪った所領の増加がある一方で恩賞や敵からの略奪による所領の喪失もあり、その御料所の規模は鎌倉幕府のそれよりも遥かに乏しかった。
- On the other hand, the Ashikaga clan, which raised from a mere gokenin to found the Muromachi bakufu, gained the shoryo by depriving the enemies of the shoryo during the Nanbokucho civil war, but lost their shoryo when their shoryo was taken as rewards to the others or was deprived by the enemies -- Consequently, its goryosho (shogunal domain) was far less than that of the Kamakura bakufu.
- その後、六角高頼が幕府御料地を侵略した際には9月と8月の2回、第9代将軍足利義尚の親征を受けたが、その2度とも観音寺城を放棄し甲賀の山中でゲリラ戦を展開、一時的に城を明け渡すが共に奪回している(長享・延徳の乱)。
- Later, when the castle was attacked by the ninth Shogun Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, twice, in August and September, due to Takayori ROKKAKU's invasion of bakufu goryochi (the land directly controlled by bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]), they temporarily abandoned the castle, conducted guerrilla wars in the mountains of Koka, and recaptured the castle later in both wars (the Chokyo-Entoku Wars).
- 延元元年/建武 (日本)3年(1336年)暮れに、足利尊氏に対抗するために京都を脱出して吉野に逃れた後醍醐天皇は、陸奥国多賀城にいる北畠顕家に対して義良親王(後の後村上天皇)を奉じて上洛して尊氏を討つ様に命じた。
- The Emperor Godaigo, who escaped from Kyoto to Yoshino at the end of 1336 in order to stand in opposition to Takauji ASHIKAGA, ordered Akiie KITABATAKE, who was at Taga-jo Castle in Mutsu Province, to defeat Takauji in Kyoto in support of the Imperial Prince Norinaga (later the Emperor Gomurakami).
- 三関のほか、東海道の駿河・相模国境には足柄関、同じく東海道の常陸・陸奥国境には勿来、東山道の信濃・上野国境には碓氷峠、同じく東山道の下野・陸奥国境には白河関、北陸道の越後・出羽国境には鼠ヶ関がそれぞれ設置された。
- In addition to the three major barrier stations, several other barriers were also erected, including: along the Tokaido Road, the Ashigara no seki Barrier on the border of Suruga and Sagami Provinces and the Nakoso barrier on the border of Hitachi and Mutsu Provinces; along the Tosando Road, the Usui-toge Pass Barrier on the border of Shinano and Kozuke Provinces and the Shirakawa-no-seki Barrier on the border of Shimotsuke and Hitachi Provinces; and along the Hokurikudo Road, the Nezumigaseki Barrier on the border of Echigo and Dewa Provinces.
- 9世紀前半には律令の研究が興隆した時期であり、讃岐永直・興原敏久・額田今足・惟宗直本など多くの優れた明法家が輩出され、讃岐氏(後に和気氏)・惟宗氏(後に令宗氏)のように数代にわたって明法博士を輩出した一族もあった。
- In the early 9th century, the study of ritsuryo flourished and a lot of Myoho experts were produced including SANUKI no Naganao, OKIHARA no Miniku, NUKATA no Imatari, KOREMUNE no Naomoto and also clans of Myoho doctors for generations were produced including Sanuki (future Wake clan) and Koremune (future Yoshimune clan)
- そして、元弘元年(1331年)の後醍醐天皇による討幕の計画・元弘の乱では幕府が事前に知るところとなり天皇は笠置山 (京都府)に逃れるが、この時真先に馳せ参じて天皇に味方したのが7代目惣領・次郎足助重範であったという。
- In the Genko War of 1331, when the attack plan of Emperor Godaigo became known by the shogunate before the fact and the Emperor then evacuated to Mt. Kasagi in Kyoto Prefecture, the seventh head, Jiro Shigenori ASUKE, rushed to him first to engage him in battle.
- その筆致は同書に依拠して書かれた『永享記』(『結城戦場記』)と比べると足利持氏を擁護する傾向にあるが、永享の乱の根本的原因は『永享記』と同じく持氏側に求め、乱に至らしめた持氏の行動を「天魔の所行」と強く非難している。
- The writing is sympathetic to Mochiuji ASHIKAGA compared with the 'Eikyo ki' (Yuji Battle Record), written based on the Kamakura Mochiuji ki, but like the Eikyo ki, it finds Mochiuji guilty of causing the Eikyo Rebellion and strongly criticizes Mochiuji's actions that led to the Rebellion as 'the acts of a devil'.
- これは足利義詮政権の下で、貞治2年(1363年)に大内弘世・山名時氏ら有力守護が南朝から北朝(幕府)へ帰順するなど、この時期には北朝の優位がほぼ確定し、全国的にも南北朝の動乱期が収まりつつあることを示すものであった。
- The above showed the fact that after influential shugodaimyo like Hiroyo OUCHI and Tokiuji YAMANA submitted themselves to Northern Court (bakufu) in 1363 when Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA was shogun, the superiority of the Northern Court became apparent and unquiet days of Northern and Southern Courts was ending nationwide.
- このように三好政権内部で内紛が続いている中、永禄の変で細川幽斎ら幕臣の援助を受けて逃亡していた義輝の弟・足利義昭は、尾張国・美濃国を領して勢いに乗る織田信長の援助を受け、永禄11年(1568年)9月に上洛を開始する。
- While the Miyoshi's government kept having the internal conflict, the younger brother of Yoshiteru, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, who was on the run with the support by vassals such as Yusai HOSOKAWA due to the Eiroku Incident, gained support by Nobunaga ODA, who governed the Owari Province and the Mino Province and was on a roll, and headed to Kyoto in September 1568.
- 646年(大化2年)1月1日 (旧暦)、孝徳天皇によって発せられた改新の詔による、駅馬・伝馬の駅伝制の設置に伴って造られたと考えられており、官吏は駅において、この鈴を鳴らして駅子(人足)と駅馬または駅舟を徴発させた。
- It is believed to have been created along with ekiden-sei (transportation system) consisting of ekiba (horses for transportation of official travelers) and tenma (post horses) established by Kaishin no Mikotonori (the Imperial Reform Edict) which was issued by Emperor Kotoku on January 1, 646 (according to old lunar calendar), and government officials brought ekishi (or ninsoku (coolie, laborer)) and ekiba or ekifune into requisition by ringing this bell at umaya.
- 年料別納租穀(ねんりょうべつのうそこく)とは、平安時代に令制国の正倉に納められた租を不動穀とは別に稲穀の形態で現地で保管して、中央において財政が不足した折に太政官符に基づいて位禄・季禄・衣服料として京官に支給したもの。
- Nenryo betsuno sokoku was rice kept as seed at the local level, separate from that of So collected in the Shoso (warehouse) of Ritsuryo provinces as Fudokoku (staples for an emergency), and was given to kyokan (an official of the Capital) as Iroku, Kiroku and Ifukuryo based on the Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) when the central government did not have sufficient funds.
- 教育者で思想家の新渡戸稲造など、文学・思想に大きな足跡を残したキリスト者達(新渡戸、内村鑑三、植村正久など)による異文化接合の形として顕われたのが、もう一つの「武士道」である(詳細は武田清子の「人間観の相克」を参照)。
- Another Bushido appeared as a combination of different cultures by Christians who left a major mark on literature and a way of thought including an educator and thinker Inazo NITOBE, Kanzo UCHIMURA and Masahisa UEMURA (refer to 'Ningenkan no Sokoku [Rivalry of human view]' written by Kiyoko TAKEDA for details).
- 江戸時代初期の神道者である橘三喜が延宝3年(1675年)から元禄10年(1697年)までの足掛け23年に亘って全国の一宮を巡った際は、『大日本国一宮記』の類本である『吉田一宮記』と『豊葦原一宮記』を携帯して諸国を巡った。
- Mitsuyoshi TACHIBANA, a Shintoist in the early Edo period, had carried 'Yochida Ichinomiya-Ki' and 'Toyoashihara Ichinomiya-Ki' (both of those were copied after 'Dainihonkoku Ichinomiya-Ki') to visit Ichinomiya shrines of the whole country, making a long tour over nearly 23 years from 1675 until 1697.
- 平安時代末期の清和源氏・桓武平氏の争いから始まり、北条氏・楠木氏・新田氏・足利氏・毛利氏・後北条氏・武田氏・上杉氏・織田氏・豊臣氏・徳川氏までの諸氏の歴史を、武家の興亡を中心に家系ごとに分割されて(列伝体)書かれている。
- The book is started from the battle between Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) and Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) in the end of Heian period, and the history of various clans, from the Hojo clan, the Kusunoki clan, the Nitta clan, the Ashikaga clan, the Mori clan, the Gohojo clan, the Takeda clan, the Uesugi clan, the Oda clan, the Toyotomi clan, to the Tokugawa clan is described focusing on the rise and fall of the samurai families by dividing the story into each family line (Biographical style.)
- 穀倉院は唐の常平倉をモデルとして大同 (日本)年間に設置されたと言われている社会福祉施設の体裁を採っていたが、実際には早い時期より律令制の弛緩によって不足する内廷費用を捻出するための一種の「裏金」捻出の役割を担っていた。
- Although it is said that Kokumotsu-in was a kind of social welfare institution which was established in the Daido era (Japan) using Joheiso (Johei storehouse) of Tang Dynasty as a model, actually it assumed from the very beginning the role of generating slush money to finance naitei-hiyo (daily living and other expenses for the Imperial Family) which was deficient due to the decline of the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 戦国時代 (日本)には楠木正成の末裔と自称する楠木正虎なる人物が現れ、北朝を擁立した足利幕府の時代に朝廷(北朝)に仇をなしたとして逆賊扱いであった楠木氏の名誉回復のために、朝廷や織田信長に援助を求めて名誉回復に尽力した。
- During the Sengoku period (period of warring states), Masatora KUSUNOKI, who calls himself as the descendant of Masashige KUSUNOKI appeared and made efforts on restoring impaired reputation of the Kusunoki clan, who he thought was treated as gyakuzoku (rebel) by the Imperial court as having done them an ill office during the era of Ashikaga Shogunate that backed up the Northern Court, seeking assistance from Imperial court and Nobunaga ODA.
- 永正4年(1507年)に前将軍足利義稙を奉じた大内義興の上洛軍に、尼子氏ともども三刀屋氏も従ったが、泥沼の戦いを続ける京の戦乱よりいち早く帰国した尼子経久は義興不在の大内領への侵略を開始、大内氏との全面的な対立が始まった。
- In 1507, together with the Amago clan, the Mitoya clan joined the army for Kyoto headed by Yoshinori OUCHI who served the previous shogun, Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, but Tsunehisa AMAGO returned home earlier than others from the battle in Kyoto which had been drawn into a war, began invading Ouchi's territory where Yoshinori was absent for the war, starting their confrontation with the Ouchi clan.
- 康安元年(1361年)執事の細川清氏が失脚(康安の政変)、南朝 (日本)へ降伏した後、斯波高経(出家して道朝と名乗る)は、将軍足利義詮の信任を受け、貞治元年(1362年)には子息の義将を執事(後の管領職にあたる)に推薦した。
- After shitsuji Kiyouji HOSOKAWA lost his position (Koan Coup) and surrendered to the Southern Court (Japan) in 1361, Takatsune SHIBA (he called himself Docho after becoming a monk) gained the trust of shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA and recommended his son Yoshimasa to the post of shitsuji (kanrei) in 1362.
- しかしゲオルギオスに竹の杖で背中を打たれ、ニコライに随伴していた人力車夫の向畑治三郎に両足を引き倒され、同じくゲオルギオス付き車夫の北賀市市太郎に自身の落としたサーベルで首を斬りつけられた後、警備中の巡査に取り押さえられた。
- But, Prince George struck TSUDA's back with his bamboo cane, and then a rickshaw driver in Nicholas's entourage, Jisaburo MUKOUHATA grabbed TSUDA's legs and pulled him to the ground, and furthermore, a rickshaw driver in George's entourage, Ichitaro KITAGAICHI picked up TSUDA's saber and injured TSUDA's neck with it, and finally TSUDA was arrested by a patrol officer.
- 足軽頭…川村伝兵衛(400石)、八島宗右衛門(300石)、進藤俊式(400石)、小山良師(300石)、佐藤伊右衛門(300石)、(江戸から急使として原元辰(300石)、浅野家飛領の加東群から吉田兼亮(200石)もこの後着穂)
- Chief foot soldiers - Denbei KAWAMURA (400 koku), Soemon YASHIMA (300 koku), Toshimoto SHINDO(400 koku), Yoshimoro OYAMA (300 koku), Iemon SATO (300 koku), (Mototoki HARA who was the express messenger from Edo, (300 koku)), Kanesuke YOSHIDA (200 koku) (who later arrived in Ako from Asano family's distant territory, Kato District)
- 後藤基次・毛利勝永も真田案を元に伊賀国と大津市北西にも兵を送り、敵を足止めすべしと主張して対立したが、結局、大野治長ら豊臣家臣の案である、周辺に砦を築きつつ(警戒・連絡線を確保する為)、堅固な大坂城に籠城する作戦が採用された。
- Mototsugu GOTO/Katsunaga MORI, basing their strategy on Sanada's, also insisted that they should send troops to Iga Province and the north-west region of Otsu City to stop the enemies from advancing; however, after all, the strategy of Harunaga ONO and other Toyotomi retainers was adopted, that they should build strongholds around the castle (in order to secure a guard/communication line), stay in the impregnable Osaka Castle.
- 東人の供述により、7月4日 (旧暦)(7月28日)に奈良麻呂をはじめ、道祖王、黄文王、大伴古麻呂、多冶比犢養(たじひのこうしかい)、賀茂角足(かものつのたり)ら、一味に名を挙げられた人々は直ちに逮捕され、永手らの訊問を受けた。
- By Azumahito's confession, people, including Naramaro, Funado no Okimi, Prince Kibumi, OTOMO no Komaro, TAJIHI no Koshikai, and KAMO no Tsunotari, who were considered to be members of the rebellion were immediately arrested and tortured by Nagate and others.
- 三好氏の当主三好長慶の死後、後継者の三好義継は幼く、長慶の弟達もまたこの世を去っていたため、義継の後見役としてこの三名が台頭し、三好氏の重臣として同じく権勢を振るっていた松永久秀と共に足利義輝の謀殺(永禄の変)に携わるなどした。
- After Nagayoshi's death, the three men emerged as custodians of the successor Yoshitsugu MIYOSHI who was still a child and all of Nagayoshi's brothers were deceased and collaborated with Hisahide MATSUNAGA, another Miyoshi commander wielding similar power, in the assassination of Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA (Eiroku no hen).
- 一般的な操法として、右手に鎖、左手に鎌を持ち、敵の頭部・顔面・脛・小手の部分を狙って分銅を打ち付けたり、敵の武器を鎖で叩き落したり、敵の手首や足に鎖を絡めさせたりしながら、敵の動きを封じた後左手に持った鎌刃で斬りつけ止めを刺す。
- As a general art of handling, a person holds a chain in his right hand and kama in his left hand to take aim at the enemy's head, face, shank and forearm to hit with the weight, use the chain to knock off the enemy's weapon, entangle the chain with the enemy's wrist or leg while containing the movements of the enemy and then slashing the enemy with a blade of kama held in the left hand to kill him.
- 「風のまはるに随って、魚のこぞる様に上を下へとなみより、焦熱、大焦熱のほのほにむせび、おどり上り飛び上り、悲しみの声煙につれて空に響き、獄卒の呵責の攻めも是なるべし。肝魂を失ひ、二日共更に見る人なし。哀れなる次第中々申し足らず。」
- As wind chopped about, they moved up and down like a fish jumps and heaved because of very hot flame and jumped up and voice of sorrow sounded to the sky going up with smoke and it was like jailer's torture. They lost their guts and nobody observed for two days. Misery could not be expressed sufficiently.'
- 木造フリゲート艦エルトゥールル号(1864年建造、全長76m)は、1887年に行われた日本の皇族、小松宮彰仁親王夫妻のイスタンブル訪問に応えることを目的に、訓練不足のオスマン帝国海軍の練習航海を兼ねて日本へ派遣されることとなった。
- In response to the visit to Istanbul by Imperial Prince Komatsunomiya Akihito and his wife from the Imperial family of Japan in 1887, it was decided that the Ertuğrul, a wooden frigate (built in 1864 with a total length of 76 m) would be dispatched, to Japan; this would also serve as a training voyage for the Ottoman Empire Navy, which lacked sufficient training at that time.
- 享和三年(1803年)正月の中瀬村 (三重県)(現伊賀市)の記録によると、村の農民側から無足身分である忍者に対して、農民と同様の棒役を務めるよう要請があったが、忍者側が士族の身分であることを盾にそれを拒否したところ村八分にされた。
- According to the record on Nakaze-mura Village (present Iga City) (Mie Prefecture) in the New Year's Holidays in 1803, the peasants' side demanded Ninja in social status of musoku to be charged boyaku as well as peasants, but Ninja's side refused it on the pretext of their being in warrior class, which led to their social ostracism.
- 1971年(昭和46年)に大映が倒産し、当時収録が始まったばかりのテレビドラマ「木枯し紋次郎」の制作を中止させないため、翌1972年に市川崑の提唱によって当時大映京都撮影所に所属していた俳優、制作・美術・技術各スタッフを中心に発足。
- The Daiei film company went bankrupt in 1971, and in order not to suspend the production of the TV drama 'Kogarashi Monjiro' which had just started filming, the company, proposed by Kon ICHIKAWA, was founded in 1972 mainly by actors and production/art/tecnical staff members who then belonged to Daiei Kyoto Studios.
- これに対し浪人衆の真田信繁は、まず畿内を制圧し、近江国の淀川まで軍を進め、ここで関東から進軍してくる徳川軍を迎え撃ち、足止めしている間に諸大名を味方につけ、その見込みが無いときに初めて城に立て籠もって戦う、二段構えの作戦を主張した。
- In contrast, Nobushige SANADA, one of the ronin shu, asserted a two-stage strategy that they should bring down Kinai region under control, then move troops to Yodo River in Omi Province, fight the Tokugawa Army coming from Kanto region and while the Tokugawa army were hung up they should win a number of daimyo over to their side, and if that was impossible, they should stay in the castle and fight them.
- 貞治の変(じょうじ の へん)は、日本の南北朝時代 (日本)後期(室町時代初期)の貞治5年(1366年)、室町幕府の執事(のちの管領)であった斯波義将およびその父で征夷大将軍足利義詮側近の有力守護大名であった斯波高経が失脚した事件。
- Joji Incident, which occurred in 1366 during the late Northern and Southern Courts Period (Japan) (the early Muromachi period), was an incident by which Yoshimasa SHIBA, shitsuji (steward, later renamed kanrei) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and his father Takatsune SHIBA, an influential shugodaimyo (territorial lord as provincial constables) and a close aid of seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, fell from power.
- 当初は無宿である者のみを送ったが、天明8年(1788年)には敲や入墨の刑に処されたが身元保証人がいない者、文化(元号)2年(1805年)には人足寄場での行いが悪い者、追放刑を受けても改悛する姿勢が見えない者まで送られるようになった。
- Though at first only homeless people were sent, the scope of who could be sent gradually widened, beginning in 1788 with those who had been punished with flogging or tattooing and had no personal guarantor, continuing in 1805 with those who had acted poorly at their work-houses, and finally extending to those who had shown no contrition for their crimes even after enduring exile.
- ところが、尊氏が死ぬと鎌倉公方であった足利基氏(尊氏の子)は自分の腹心でありながら観応の擾乱では尊氏と敵対した前上野・越後守護職上杉憲顕を強引に関東管領に復帰させた上に、上杉憲顕が上野・越後守護職を氏綱から強引に返還させようとした。
- After Takauji died, however, Motouji ASHIKAGA (Takauji's son), the Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) forcibly reinstated the former Kozuke and Echizen Shugoshoku, Noriaki UESUGI, who was his trusted retainer but an opponent of Takauji in the Kanno Disturbance, as the Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), and Noriaki UESUGI tried to make Ujitsuna return the post of Shugoshoku to him.
- 奈良時代に藤原鎌足以下3代の伝記を記した『家伝』や『聖徳太子伝暦』が著され、平安時代に入ると、都良香(正史『日本文徳天皇実録』の編者)の『道場法師伝』、三善清行の『藤原保則伝』・『円珍和尚伝』、紀長谷雄の『恒貞親王伝』などが著された。
- In the Nara period, the biography of the FUJIWARA three generations began with FUJIWARA no Kamatari, 'Kaden' (Family history) and 'Shotokutaishi Denryaku' (Biography of Shotokutaishi) were written, and in the Heian period MIYAKO no Yoshika (the compiler of an authentic history 'Nihon Montoku Tenno Jitsuroku' [Fifth of the six official national history books]) wrote 'Dojo Hoshi Den' (Biography of Dojohoshi), Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI wrote 'FUJIWARA no Yasunori den' (Biography of FUJIWARA no Yasunori) and 'Enchin Osho Den' (Biography of Enchin), and KI no Haseo wrote 'Tsunesada Shinno Den' (Biography of Imperial Prince Tsunesada).
- 1570年開始で、信長と対立した将軍・足利義昭が武田家や本願寺家等の各地の大名に織田家やその盟友である徳川家と対立するよう呼びかけ、それらの反信長大名らは互いに同盟を結び合っているという形で史実における「信長包囲網」が再現されている。
- A historically correct 'anti-Nobunaga network' game can be found; the group was formed in 1570 when Shogun, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, who was confronted with Nobunaga, called for various feudal lords, such as the Takeda clan and Hongan-ji temple, to fight against the Oda clan and its alliance, the Tokugawa clan; the anti-Nobunaga feudal lords made alliance with each other.
- 2004年当時、丹波町(京都府)が存在していたが、市町の違いがあるので、競合そのものに法律上の問題はなかったが、丹波町が周辺の町と合併して京丹波町が発足した2005年(平成17年)10月11日をもって、丹波市・丹波町の並存は解消した。
- At that time, there was a Tanba town in Kyoto, though there was no legal issue of competition, due to the difference between town and city, and the problem itself disappeared when Tanba town consolidated with the surrounding towns and renamed itself Kyotanba town on October 11, 2005.
- 更に頼之の没後、義満は息子足利義持に将軍職を譲って自らは出家するが、幕府の実権を握り続け、表面上引退しているために自らは召集できない公式な評定に代わって自ら主宰する御前沙汰を開いて幕府の政策決定を行い、将軍義持はこれに従う存在となった。
- After Yoriyuki died, Yoshimitsu abdicated the office of shogun in favor of his son Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA and entered the priesthood, yet he kept controlling the bakufu and made bakufu's policy decisions by chairing and holding gozen-sata instead of formal consultations, which nominally retired shogun Yoshimitsu could not convene -- and the shogun Yoshimochi followed the decisions.
- 10年後の寛永13年(1636年)、足尾銅山などからの銅の産出が増大したことを受け、幕府が本格的に寛永通寳の鋳造を司ることになり、このとき設置された銭座は江戸浅草橋場、芝 (東京都港区)網縄手および近江国坂本 (大津市)の3座であった。
- Ten years after, in 1636, it was decided that the bakufu carried on a full-scale operation of mintage of Kanei Tsuho as a result of an increase in production of copper from copper mines including Ashio Copper Mine, and three zeniza were established; Hashiba in Asakusa, Edo, Tsuna-nawate in Shiba (Minato Ward, Tokyo) and Sakamoto in Omi Province (Otsu City).
- その後、帝国議会の開始とともに小会派や無所属議員を取り込みながら、木曜会(1891年1月9日、なお毎週木曜日に霞会館において会合が開かれていた事に由来する)、同志会(同3月12日)と改称を続け、1891年11月4日に約40名で発足した。
- Lter, as the Imperial Diet began, Seimukenkyukai won over small groups and independent members and changed its name to Mokuyokai (on January 9, 1891, the name came from the fact that the meeting was held every Thursday (Mokuyo) at Kasumi Building) and from Mokuyokai to Doshikai (on March 12, 1891), and Kenkyukai was founded with 40 members on November 4, 1891.
- 大垣藩戸田家から送られてきていた警備兵たちや堀部武庸らが刀を持って追い払い、さらに翌朝には本家の浅野綱長にも警備の兵が依頼されて、小堀新五右衛門(大番物頭)が指揮する広島藩兵(足軽50名・小人30名)が到着し、上屋敷は治安を取り戻した。
- They were able to maintain public order only after the guards who were sent from the Toda family of Ogaki Domain as well as Taketsune HORIBE chased them off with swords in their hands, and troops of Hiroshima Domain (50 foot soldiers, 30 kobito) led by Shingoemon KOBORI (military commander for the castle guards) arrived upon the request from the head family Tsunanaga ASANO the next day.
- 吉良家は小林平八郎、清水一学、鳥居利右衛門、新貝弥七郎、須藤与一右衛門、斎藤清右衛門、左右田源八郎、大須賀次郎右衛門、小境源次郎、鈴木元右衛門、笠原七次郎、榊原平右衛門、鈴木松竹、牧野春斎、ほか足軽2名の死者を出し、負傷者23人であった。
- People who lost their lives fighting for the Kira family included Heihachiro KOBAYASHI, Ichigaku SHIMIZU, Riemon TORII, Yashichiro SHINKAI, Yoichiemon SUDO, Seiemon SAITO, Genpachiro SODA, Jiroemon OSUGA, Genjiro KOZAKAI, Motoemon SUZUKI, Shichijiro KASAHARA, Heiemon SAKAKIBARA, Shochiku SUZUKI, and Shunsai MAKINO, two foot soldiers and 23 people were wounded
- その後、その子・今川義元は、天文_(日本)22年(1552年)の分国法「今川仮名目録追加」において現在の今川領国の秩序維持を行っているのは足利将軍家ではなく今川氏そのものであることを理由に、幕府権力による守護使不入地を全面否定したのである。
- Thereafter, his son Yoshimoto IMAGAWA completely denied the shugoshi funyuchi specified by the bakufu authority in his bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain) 'Imagawa Kana Mokuroku Tsuika' (expanding on house rules left by Ujichika), published in 1552, on the ground that those who maintain order in the present Imagawa territory are not the Ashikaga shogun family, but the Imagawa clan itself.
- 1924年には干ばつがあり、これは、水源地の足尾の山林が荒廃して保水能力を失ったためだと考えた両組合は、それぞれ別個に活動を行い、1925年には群馬県側の農民ら数千人の署名が集められ、貴族院、衆議院、内務大臣、農務大臣宛てに請願書が提出される。
- In 1924, those areas was hit by a drought, and both unions considered it was because the damaged forests had no longer absorbed nor contained water; although the unions took action separately, in 1925 the petition including thousands of signatures of the farmers and peasants and others in Gunma Prefecture was submitted to the House of Peers, the House of Representatives, the Minister of Home Affairs and the Minister of Agricultural Affairs.
- やがて病を得て危篤状態となった義持に、管領畠山満家や護持僧満済らがくじ引きによって後継を選ぶことを承諾させ、義持の死後石清水八幡宮において神籤が催され、義持の弟である梶井義承・大覚寺義昭・虎山永隆・足利義教の4人の候補の中から、義円が選ばれた。
- When Yoshimochi suffered critical illness, Mitsuie HATAKEYAMA, kanrei (shogunal deputy), and gojiso (a priest who prays to guard the emperor) Mansai, persuaded Yoshimochi to select a successor by drawing lots, mikuji (the lots of God) were drawn in Iwashimizu Hachimangu after the death of Yoshimochi and Gien Shorenin was selected from among four brothers of Yoshimochi: Gisho KAJII, Gisho DAIKAKUJI, Eiryu KOZAN and Gien.
- 専売制度の対象となったのは阿片、タバコ(参照台湾総督府専売局松山煙草工場)、樟脳、アルコール、塩及び度量衡であり、専売政策は総督府の歳入の増大以外に、これらの産業の過当競争を防ぎ、また対象品目の輸入規制を行うことで台湾内部での自給自足を実現した。
- The monopoly system applied to opium, tobacco (refer to the section of Songshan Tobacco Factory established by Taiwan Sotoku-fu Monopoly Bureau), camphor, alcohol, salt and weights and measurement, and the monopoly policy contributed to an increase of the revenue as well as the realization of self sufficiency in Taiwan by preventing excessive competition in the field of each item and controlling the imports of these items.
- 6代将軍足利義教は、管領などに対抗して将軍の権威を高めるために、将軍が主宰・臨席する御前沙汰の権威強化に乗り出し、雑訴のみならず所務も御前沙汰の評定対象として加え、実務を担当する右筆・奉行人の中から御前沙汰衆を選んで御前沙汰への参加資格を与えた。
- To strengthen the power of shogun against the shogunal deputy and others, the sixth shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA started out to extend the influence of gozen-sata that was chaired and attended by the shogun -- he included shomu (land management) as well as zasso on the agenda of gozen-sata, and also organized gozen-sata shu (members of gozen-sata) from working-level officials of yuhitsu (amanuenses) and bugyonin (magistrates) and qualified them to attend gozen-sata.
- 新井としては、「征夷大将軍」は日本国内でこそ威権があるが海外では何を意味するのかが不明であり、大君の称も朝鮮では王子の嫡子に対する称号として用いられていたため、この際、足利時代にも一度国書で使用された「国王」に変更すべきであるというものであった。
- Although Seitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) had authority in Japan, the role of Seitaishogun was unclear in abroad and also, the title of Tycoon was used for heir of prince in Korea, so Arai proposed to change the address to 'King' that was used in sovereign's message in the Ashikaga period.
- その後も金本位制は松方主導の下に研究が進められ、紆余曲折を経て日清戦争の賠償金を正価準備として充足するなどして、明治30年(1897年)にが制定され、ようやく導入されることになる(ただし、金平価を0.75グラム1円という旧来の2分の1の平価とした)。
- The gold standard system was further studied under MATSUKATA's leadership and, using reparations from the Sino-Japanese War to build up the necessary gold reserves, the gold standard system was eventually enacted and implemented in 1897. (The value of the yen was devalued to 0.75 g of gold, half its previous value.)
- 要約すると、「日本のように他国よりも資源に富み、勤勉な国民により産業が発達している国、つまり自給自足で豊かな国が、何も求めるものの無い外国人からの奸悪・貪婪・詐欺・戦争などから守るために、門戸を閉ざすのは適切で、そうするべきである」というものであった。
- The following is a summary of KAEMPFER's book: 'Japan enjoys having a developed industry due to having its own resources and a more diligent nation than other countries; in other words, Japan is rich for its self-sufficiency, and it is reasonable and recommendable for Japan to close the diplomatic door to protect itself from snares of wicked deeds, greed, fraud and wars laid by foreigners without resources.'
- 1333年(元弘3/正慶2)、反幕府勢力の討伐のために京都へ派遣された有力御家人の足利尊氏が、一転して後醍醐側へつき六波羅探題を落とすと、新田義貞が上野国で挙兵し、これに呼応した関東の御家人たちと鎌倉を攻略して、鎌倉幕府と北条氏は滅亡した(元弘の乱)。
- In 1333, when a senior vassal named Takauzi ASHIKAGA who had been dispatched to Kyoto to eliminate the anti-bakufu forces defected to the Godaigo faction and deposed the Rokuhara Tandai, Yoshisada NITTA raised an army in Kozuke Province and with Kanto gokenin, who agreed to this, captured Kamakura and thus overthrew the Kamakura bakufu and the Hojo clan (Genko War).
- まず規定の年貢高から当該年度の除分(免除されたもの)・損亡分(災害による損害)・未進分(未納のもの)を除き、続いて下用・所済・立用などと呼ばれる現地での必要経費を差し引き、更に回収された前年の未納分を足したものが、荘園領主の元に送られる清算納入量となる。
- The adjusted amount of nengu to be sent to the shoen ryoshu was calculated by subtracting the deduction (exemption), loss (damages caused by disaster), and arrearages (unpaid amount) for the year from the settled amount of nengu first, further subtracting the local necessary expenses called geyo (unpolished rice), shosei (nengu paid those other than shoen ryoshu), ruiyo (diversion), and adding the unpaid amount of nengu collected the previous year.
- このため輸出用の御用銅は不足し、また慶長小判慶長丁銀から元禄小判元禄丁銀および宝永小判宝永丁銀への吹き替えによる金銀貨の品位低下および経済発展による銭貨不足から銭相場の高騰を招き、元禄年間終盤から宝永年間初頭にかけて、一両=3,700文前後をつけるに至った。
- Therefore, the copper for export was in short supply, and lowering of karat of gold and silver coin caused by reminting from keichokoban-keichochogin to genrokukoban-genrokuchogin and hoeikoban-hoeichogin as well as short supply of currency as a result of economic development caused appreciation of currency where 1 ryo(unit of currency) fluctuated around 3,700 mon (unit of currency) from the end of genroku era to the beginning of hoei era.
- しかし日本軍も彼らを決して侮っていたわけではなく、「彼等ノ携帯兵器多クハ清国在来ノ刀・槍・剣、若クハ前装銃ニシテ、皆取ルニ足ラサルモノナリシモ、能く頑強ノ抵抗ヲ為シ、我兵ヲ苦メタル勇気ハ称スルニ余リ有リ」という声もあるように、士気はすこぶる高かったようである。
- However, the Japanese army did not look down upon them, and stated 'everyone stood with their own two feet and strongly resisted with portable weapons from the Qing dynasty such as swords, spears, and muzzle loaders, and they were brave enough to make our army have a difficult time at battles' indicating that they had strong morale.
- さらに正徳4年以降、江戸亀戸、佐渡国相川町、江戸深川_(江東区)十万坪、大坂難波、仙台、淀鳥羽 (洛外)横大路、江戸小梅、下総国猿江、紀伊国宇津、伏見、下野国日光市、秋田阿仁銅山、石巻、相模国藤沢市、大坂高津、下野足尾などに銭座が設けられ、寛永通寳が鋳造された。
- Furthermore, after 1714, zeniza were established to mint Kanei Tsuho in Kameido (Edo), Aikawa-cho (Sado Province), Juman-tsubo (hundred thousand tsubo) in Fukagawa, Edo (Koto Ward), Nanba (Osaka), Sendai, Yodo Toba Yokooji (Outskirt of Kyoto), Koume (Edo), Sarue (Shimousa Province), Uzu (Kii Province), Fushimi, Nikko City (Shimotsuke Province), Ani Copper Mine in Akita, Ishinomaki, Fujisawa City (Sagami Province), Kozu (Osaka) and Ashio (Shimotsuke Province).
- 石橋の名を地名に由来するのもだとすると、『姓氏家系大辞典』等では、下野国石橋が和義の名字のもととなったと想定しているが、鎌倉期の足利家領三河国設楽郡内にも石橋の地名があるし、京都市中にも石橋の地名があり、全国各地に石の橋に因んで存在し、未だに由来が判然としない。
- Assuming that the name Ishibashi is derived from the name of a place, some writings including 'Seishi Kakei Daijiten' (a large dictionary of Japanese surnames) state that Kazuyoshi (or Masayoshi) Ishibashi adopted his surname from a place called Ishibashi, Shimotsuke Province, but the origin of the name Ishibashi is unclear because there are many places called Ishibashi; in addition to Ishibashi in Shitara County in Mikawa Province, the Ashikaga clan's territory in the Kamakura period, or another Ishibashi in Kyoto, there are the places which were named after a stone bridge (Ishibashi literally means 'Stone Bridge') throughout Japan.
- 陰陽寮の役人が退いた後に中務省を代表して輔が天皇に奏上を行い、具注暦は天皇に奏進され、頒暦は天皇と太政官の連絡を掌る少納言が受領して大臣の元に届けられ、大臣から弁官を通じて各官司・国府に配布され、不足の場合には上級官司・国府が書写して下級官司・郡司などに送付した。
- When officials of the Onmyoryo leave the court, the suke makes a presentation before the emperor on behalf of the Ministry of Central Affairs, the guchureki is presented to the emperor, the hanreki is distributed to the Shonagon who manages communications between the Emperor and the Daijokan, then it is sent to each minister, then distributed by ministers to each government officials and kokufu via benkan and, if the number of copies are not enough, highly-ranked kanshi or kokufu transcribes it and sends it to low-ranked kanshi or gunji (district official).
- 松本隆海は、『足尾鉱毒惨状画報』(1901年)で、安蘇郡界村字高山(現佐野市高山町、当時の人口約800人)で、5年間で兵役合格者がわずか2名しか出ておらず(適齢者は延べ50名)、しかも、その合格者のうち1名も入隊後10日で病気で除隊となったという逸話を紹介している。
- In 'Ashio Kodoku Sanjo Gaho' (Reports and Pictures of Ashio Mining Pollution) (1901), Ryukai MATSUMOTO revealed the horrifying fact that in five years there had been only two men who had passed the medical for the draft (there were fifty people who met the age for the draft) in Takayama of Sakai Village, Aso County (present Takayama-cho, Sano City, population of approximately 800 at that time), and out of those two that passed, one was subsequently discharged on medical grounds after only ten days.
- 鎌倉府が永享の乱で崩壊した直後の永享12年(1440年)、篠川御所足利満直は畠山満泰、畠山持重、石橋左近将監、石橋祐義、蘆名盛信、田村利政らに攻められて殺害されたとの説もあるが石橋氏らの関与は疑問が呈されている(実際に篠川御所を弑したのは石川氏であろうと言われる)。
- There was a theory that, in 1440, just after the downfall of the Kamakura government in the Eikyo War, Mitsunao ASHIKAGA (nicknamed Sasagawa Gosho) was attacked and killed by Mitsuyasu HATAKEYAMA, Mochishige HATAKEYAMA, Sakon no shogen ISHIBASHI, 石橋祐義, Morinobu ASHINA and Toshimasa TAMURA, etc, but questions remain about the Ishibashi clan's involvement (in fact, it is said that the Ishikawa clan killed Sasagawa Gosho).
- 足利義満の死後には天皇が家門安堵の権限を回復するようになるが、その一方で軍事力を持たない公家社会においては室町幕府や守護大名の軍事力に依存しなければ家領の保全が不可能であったために、天皇が家門そのものを安堵し、将軍が家領の実質面での安堵を行うという共同体制が長く続くことになった。
- After his death, the emperors regained the authority to approve families, but since there was no military force in the court nobles' society it was impossible to maintain family estates without depending on the military force of the Muromachi bakufu or the Shugo (Military Governor) Daimyo; thus the cooperative system in which emperors approved of the names of families and shoguns literally approved of family estates continued for a long time.
- そこで平安時代に入ると、朝廷も公廨稲の利息より正税の不足分を補わせる「正税率分」の導入や格式に必要最低限の正税出挙に対する国司の支出義務(農民への強制的な貸付強制と徴収(返済)の義務化)を定めた「正税式数」を規定するなど、中央への上供体制維持を目的とした正税回復政策を取り始めた。
- Thus, in Heian period, Imperial Court began to launch political measures to recover the shozei for the purpose of maintaining the tribute-to-central system, such as introduction of 'shozei ritsubun (the tax system where two-tenth of the tax delivered from the provinces to the Ministry of Finance at Heian-kyo [the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto] were supplied to the tax storage called 'ritsubun-do')' that made up the shortage of shozei with the interest on kugaito and establishment of 'shozei shikisu' in which kokushi's minimum liability for shozei suiko (compulsory loaning to and collecting repayments from peasants) was prescribed in kyakushiki (a kind of law in the ritsuryo system).
- 1415年、上杉禅秀が関東地方において乱を起こした際、満重(小栗判官の父の名であるがここでは小栗判官自身)は管領足利持氏に攻め落とされ、落ち延びるが、相模国の国に10人の家来とともに潜伏中に見初めた相模横山家(横山大膳・横浜市戸塚区俣野に伝説が残る)の娘照手姫と結婚の約束を交わす。
- In 1415, when Zenshu UESUGI started a revolt in Kanto region, Mitsushige (which is the name of Ogurihangan's father but refers to Ogurihangan himself in this context) ran away as he was defeated by the shognate deputy Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, but Oguri became engaged to the Princess Terute, a young woman from Yokoyama family (Daizen YOKOYAMA's legend remains in Matano, Totsuka Ward, Yokohama City) in Sagami Province, whom he fell in love with while hiding together with 10 of his retainers in Sagami Province.
- しかし第二次世界大戦になると食糧不足解消のため、桑畑をサツマイモ畑に転作したことや、糸そのものの価格の低下、ナイロンなどの化学繊維の出現や養蚕農家の後継者不足と高齢化などのさまざまな理由によって養蚕業の衰退を招き、これらをきっかけにほとんどの養蚕農家や製糸業者は廃業に追い込まれた。
- However, when the World War II broke out, sericulture declined due to various reasons, including changes in crop (from mulberry to sweet potato) to prevent food shortages, price reduction of yarn itself, the appearance of chemical fibers such as nylon fibers, lack of successors in silk-raising farmers, aging of silk-raising farmers, etc., all factors leading to a decline and the eventual closeout by silk-raising farmers and yarn-making companies.
- 続く南北朝時代 (日本)には埴科郡に割拠する有力豪族村上氏と共に北朝 (日本)方に属し、正平 (日本)6年/観応2年(1351年)6月に高梨経頼は小笠原為経・小笠原光宗らと足利直義の諏訪直頼の代官祢津宗貞と野辺原(須坂市野辺)で戦い、8月には富部河原、善光寺、米子城(須坂市米子)で戦った。
- During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Takashina clan and the powerful Murakami clan, which was active in Hanishina County, were on the Northern Court side, and Tsuneyori TAKANASHI (along with Tametsune OGASAWARA and Mitsumune OGASAWARA) fought Munesada NETSU, the local governor for Naoyori SUWA, on the side of Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA, at Nobehara (Nobe, Suzaka City) in July of 1351 at Tobe Gawara, Zenko-ji Temple, Yonago-jo Castle (Yonago, Suzaka City) in September.
- →中国・インドなどいわゆる開発途上国の排出量が増加しているのは事実であるが、2007年には世界最大の排出国であるアメリカ合衆国に匹敵すると言われる中国ですら人口一人あたりの排出量は約1/4であることの難しさも内包している(逆にいえば一人あたり排出量の多い国の削減幅が足りないという話にもなる)。
- ->It is a fact that the emission amount of developing countries such as China, India and so on is increasing, but in 2007, even in China, which is said to be comparable to the United States of America, the largest emitter in the world, the per capita emission amount is about 1/4 of the United States; this makes things difficult, in other words, the reduction rate of a country whose per capita emission amount is large is not enough.
- しかし三菱の独占と専横を快く思わない渋沢栄一や井上馨らが三菱に対抗できる海運会社の設立を画策、東京風帆船会社、北海道運輸会社、越中風帆船会社の三社が結集して1882年7月に共同運輸会社が発足した(越中風帆船会社については、反三菱勢力として設立されたのではなく三菱の画策によって設立されたもの)。
- However, Eichi SHIBUSAWA and Kaoru INOUE, who were not happy about the monopolization and tyranny of Mitsubishi, orchestrated to establish a marine transpiration company competitive with Mitusbushi, and establish Kydo Unyu Kaisha in July 1882, with the merger of three transportation companies, Tokyo Fuhansen Kaisha, Hokkaido Unyu Kaisha and Echu Fuhansen Kaisha (Echu Fuhansen Kaisha was not established as anti-Mitusbishi power but was planned by Mitusbishi).
- 長引く南朝遺臣の討伐に加え同年7月11日 (旧暦)(8月12日)、義教と不仲であった弟の義昭の出奔をみた幕府首脳は、大覚寺が南朝ゆかりであること、玉川宮、護聖院宮らの南朝皇族も共に逃亡したことなどから、後南朝・義昭に加え、当時幕府派の関東管領上杉憲実と対立していた鎌倉公方足利持氏の連携を疑った。
- On August 12, 1437 when the shogunate was trying to subdue the surviving retainers of the Southern Court, Yoshiaki, who was at odds with his older brother Yoshinori ran away, so the leaders of the shogunate suspected the involvement of not only Yoshiaki of Gonancho (Second Southern Court) but also Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura Kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) who was in conflict with Norizane UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), because Daikaku-ji Temple (from where Yoshiaki ran away) was associated with the Southern Court and also imperial princes of the Southern Court, Tamagawa no miya and Goshoin no miya ran away, too.
- このような計画が策定された理由については、人口増加に伴い食糧不足が生じた、辺境での国防費に係る財政需要が生じた(この説では計画の施行地域は陸奥国などの辺境地域に限定する考えもある)、当時実権を握っていた長屋王(長屋親王)による権勢誇示的な計画だった、等が考えられているが、どれも決定的な説ではない。
- Reasons this project was approved are considered as follows but none of them is definite: As population increased, shortage of food supply occurred; financial demand for national defense in remote regions occurred (in this theory some say enforced areas of the project were limited to remote regions such as Mutsu Province); it was a project to show off the power of Prince Nagaya (Nagaya no Okimi); and so on.
- 明朝側としても倭寇を取り締まる能力のある日本の支配者との通交の必要はあったものの、儒教復興が叫ばれていた当時、足利氏が日本の君主ではなく「持明」(持明院統の天皇の事。明朝は「持明」を「良懐」(懐良親王)と日本の王位を争っている人物名と解釈していた)の臣下の「将軍」にすぎないことを理由に、通交を拒否していた。
- The Ming Dynasty also needed to have relations with the ruler of Japan, who was able to crack down on Japanese pirates, but they rejected the offer of trade with regard to the domestic opinion for the restoration of Confucianism, on the grounds that the Ashikaga clan was not the ruler of Japan but only a 'shogun,' or the vassal of the party of Jimyoin, who was considered by the Ming Dynasty as the name of the political opponent of 'Ryokai' (Imperial Prince Kanenaga) over the succession of the imperial throne.
- 特にその中でも大功は永久的な私有を認めた文字通りの例外中の例外といって良く、歴史上確認できるのは、藤原鎌足(645年)・恵美押勝(758年)・平清盛(1167年)・源頼朝(1190年)の4人だけ(いずれも100町)であると見られている(しかも、押勝と清盛は本人又は子孫が謀叛を起こしたとして収公されている)。
- In particular, getting Daiko class (granting of permanent inheritence of rice fields) was an exceptional case and only four persons have been recognized as Daiko in history: FUJIWARA no Kamatari (645), EMI no Oshikatsu (758), TAIRA no Kiyomori (1167), and MINAMOTO no Yoritomo (1190), each person being granted 991,740 square meters of land (Koden was confiscated from Oshikatsu and Kiyomori for the reason that they or their descendants had rebelled against the government).
- 渡良瀬川から農業用水を取水していた中流右岸の待矢場両堰普通水利組合(現在の待矢場両堰土地改良区。主に群馬県山田郡、邑楽郡の町村に用水を供給していた)と三栗谷用水普通水利組合(現在の三栗谷用水土地改良区、主に足利郡右岸に用水を供給)は、古河側と永久示談を行わず、期限つきの示談交渉を数度に渡り延長する方式をとっていた。
- The unions of the areas which had drawn water for fields from Watarase-gawa River on the right of the midstream, including the Common Water Supply Union of Machi-Yaba Ryozeki (present Machi-Yaba Twin Weir System Land Improvement District which had supplied water mainly to Yamada County and Oura County in Gunma Prefecture), and the Common Water Supply Union of Mikuriya Yosui (present Mikuriya Water Land Improvement District), did not make a final composition (with the condition that they should abandon every right to demand or negotiate after the composition in exchange for some money) with the Furukawa side, and instead of that, they made the composition with the term of validity and the renewal of the composition several times.
- 室町幕府においては、守護(守護大名)に対して、既存の大犯三箇条に加えて、苅田狼藉検断、使節遵行権、段銭徴収権などの広範な権利が付与されていたが、幕府御家人は、足利将軍家の威光を背景に守護使不入の特権を得て、守護からの段銭徴収を拒絶し、幕府からの段銭要求に対しても幕府への直接納付(京納)が認められて守護からの加重徴収の危険を免れる事を可能とした。
- In the Muromachi bakufu, extensive rights were given to shugo (or shugo daimyo, shugo that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords), such as Karita Rozeki Kendan (the shugo's right to suppress provincial warriors who entered shoen unlawfully to harvest rice, and to prosecute and convict them), Shisetsu Jungyo Ken (a right empowered to shugo to implement shisetsu jungyo, in which shugo who received orders from the bakufu sent jungyo-shi, emissaries, to a region and have them execute the orders) and Tansen Choshu Ken (a right to collect surtax), in addition to the existing Taibon Sankajo, but bakufu gokenin (an immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) who had been granted the shugoshi-funyu privilege backed by the authority of the Ashikaga family positioned to accede to the shogunate, refused collection of tansen (surtax) from shugo, and responded to one from the bakufu as direct payment to the bakufu (known as kyono) was approved, which enabled them to escape from a danger of being surcharged by the shugo.
- 3代将軍足利義満の時代には幕府組織の再編が進み一時御前沙汰は行われなくなるが、出家していた元管領細川頼之を幕府に呼び戻す際に、幕府役職になかった頼之を幕府の政策決定に関与させるために正式な評定ではなく、出席者の人選に決まりが無く主宰者である将軍の意向が反映しやすい非公式な評定である御前沙汰の形式で評定を行って幕府の政策に関する重要決定を行った。
- In the tenure of the third shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the bakufu was substantially reorganized and gozen-sata ceased once, but the shogun began holding consultations in the informal style of gozen-sata for making bakufu's important policy decisions for the purpose of having the former shogunal deputy Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, who had entered the priesthood and had been out of bakufu office, participate in the bakufu's policy-making when the shogun sought to bring him back to bakufu -- because gozen-sata was not a formal consultation, the members of which were selected mostly at the discretion of shogun, the head of the consultation.
- 元寇での戦役や異国警護の負担から没落した無足御家人の借入地や沽却地を無償で取り戻すことが目的と理解されてきたが、現在ではむしろ御家人所領の質入れ、売買の禁止、つまり3ヶ条の(2-a)所領処分権の抑圧が主であり、(2-b)はその前提として失った所領を回復させておくといった二次的な措置であり、それによる幕府の基盤御家人体制の維持に力点があったと理解されている。
- It used to be understood that the purpose of the policy was to repossess, without compensation, the lands sold due to drying up and the lands lent to musoku gokenin (vassal without territory) who got impoverished due to the military campaign at the time of Mongol invasion attempts against Japan and the burden of guarding against the invasion by foreign countries, but it is now understood that the main purpose was rather to prohibit pawnage and trading of shoryo by Gokenin, which means the depression of right to dispose of shoryo as specified in 2-a among the three Articles, and 2-b was a secondary measure to have the lost shoryo returned to Gokenin as the premise of implementing 2-a, all of which seem to put weight on maintaining the Gokenin system which was the foundation of bakufu.
- 実弟である源範頼、阿野全成そして義経らはこれに含まれず、頼朝と比較的血筋の近い河内源氏のうちでも新田氏の庶子 山名義範や足利義兼に限られ、逆に、頼朝の4代前の祖先 源義家の弟 源義光を祖先とする甲斐源氏の加賀美遠光、安田義資、また6代前の祖先 河内源氏の祖 源頼信の兄 源頼光を祖先とする摂津源氏の源有綱など限りなく遠縁の者が門葉に列していることが確認できる。
- Yoritomo's own younger brothers, MINAMOTO no Noriyori, Zenjo ANO and Yoshitsune, weren't included in these monyo, while those included were limited to Yoshinori YAMANA, a child born out of wedlock of the Nitta clan, among the Kawachi-Genji that had relatively close blood ties with Yoritomo, and Yoshikane ASHIKAGA; however, those who were distantly related were also included, such as Tomitsu KAGAMI of the Kai-Genji that had descended from MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, the younger brother of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, the ancestor of four generations before Yoritomo, and Yoshisuke YASUDA; and MINAMOTO no Aritsuna of the Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan), which was descended from MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, the elder brother of MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, the originator of the Kawachi-Genji, the ancestor of six generations before.
- 泰盛与党として罹災したのは泰盛一族の他、小笠原氏、足利氏、伴野氏、伊東氏、武藤氏(少弐氏)、その他は藤原相範、吉良満氏、殖田又太郎(大江泰広)、小早川三郎左衛門、三科蔵人、天野景村、伊賀景家、二階堂行景、(大井)美作三郎左衛門、綱島二郎入道、池上藤内左衛門の尉、行方少二郎、南部孫二郎(政連?)、有坂三郎、鎌田弥藤二左衛門尉、秋山人々など、幕府創設以来の有力御家人層の多くが見られる。
- Victims of this battle among the members of Yasumori's party other than the Yasumori family were the Ogasawara clan, the Ashikaga clan, the Tomono clan, the Ito clan, and the Muto clan (Shoni clan) and many powerful gokenin since the foundation of Kamakura bakufu also suffered, such as Ainori FUJIWARA (藤原相範), Mitsuruuji KIRA, Matataro UETA (Yasuhiro Oe), Saburozaemon KOBAYAKAWA, Kurodo SANKA, Kagemura AMANO, Kageie IGA, Yukiie NIKAIDO, Mimasakasaburozaemon (OI) (美作三郎左衛門), Jironyudo TSUNASHIMA (綱島二郎入道), a lord of Tonaizaemon IKEGAMI (池上藤内左衛門), Shojiro YUKIKATA (行方少二郎), Magojiro (Masatsura?) NANBU, Saburo ARISAKA, Yatonisaemoni KAMATA (鎌田弥藤二左衛門尉), and Hitobito AKIYAMA (秋山人々).
- 江戸潜伏中にも同志の脱盟があり、田中貞四郎(側用人150石。酒乱をおこして脱盟。)、小山田庄左衛門(100石。片岡源五右衛門から金を盗んで逃亡)、中村清右衛門(側用人100石。理由不明)鈴田十八(理由不明)、中田理平次(30石4李施。理由不明)、毛利小平太(大納戸役20石5人扶持。理由不明)、瀬尾孫左衛門(大石家家臣。理由不明)、矢野伊助(足軽5石2人扶持。理由不明)の8名が姿を消した。
- During their stay in Edo, 8 members left the group; Sadajiro TANAKA (lord chamberlain, 150 koku, due to causing a drunken frenzy), Shozaemon OYAMADA (100 koku, due to running away after stealing money from Gengozaemon KATAOKA), Seiemon NAKAMURA (lord chamberlain, 100 look, unknown reason), 鈴田十八 (reason unknown), Riheiji NAKATA (30 koku 4李施, reason unknown), Koheita MORI (onando (in charge of storage room), 20 koku with salary for 5 servants, reason unknown), Magozaemon SEO (retainer of the Oishi family, reason unknown) and Isuke YANO (foot soldier, 5 koku with salary for 2 servants, reason unknown).
- 元文元年には深川十万坪、淀鳥羽 (洛外)横大路、京都伏見区、元文2年には江戸亀戸、江戸本所小梅(背面に「小」字)、下野国日光市、紀伊国宇津、元文3年(1737年)には秋田阿仁銅山、元文4年(1738年)には深川平田新田、相模国藤沢市、相模吉田島、寛保元年(1741年)には大坂高津(「元」字)、下野足尾(「足」字)、長崎一ノ瀬(「一」字)、明和4年(1767年)には肥前国長崎市(「長」字)、など各地に銭座が設置された。
- Zeniza was established in various places such as Jumantsubo of Fukagawa and Yokooji of Yodo-Toba (Rakugai (outskirts of Kyoto)) in 1736, Kameido in Edo and Honjo-Koume in Edo (coin marked with a letter of '小' on the reverse side), Nikko City in Shimotsuke Province and Uzu in Kii Province in 1737, Anidozan Copper mine, Akita Prefecture in 1738, Hirata-Shinden of Fukagawa, Fujisawa City, Sagami Province and Yoshidajima, Sagami Province in 1739, Takatsu, Osaka (coin marked with a letter of '元'), Ashio, Shimotsuke Province (coin marked with a letter of '足') and Ichinose, Nagasaki (coin marked with a letter of '一') in 1741, Nagasaki City, Hizen Province (coin marked with a letter of '長') in 1767 and so on.
- また、小笠原氏の内部においても内紛が絶えず、幕府の後ろ盾を得た信濃小笠原氏の小笠原政康(長秀の弟)が一時支配権を確立しそうになったが、嘉吉元年(1441年)の嘉吉の乱で将軍足利義教が暗殺され、後ろ盾を失った政康が死去すると、信濃小笠原氏は長秀の子の小笠原持長(府中家)と政康の子の小笠原宗康、小笠原光康(松尾家)との間で内紛が再発し、さらに松尾家は宗康の系統(鈴岡家)と光康の系統(松尾家)に分裂、三家に分かれて抗争することとなる。
- Also while there were constant conflicts inside the Ogasawara clan, Masayasu OGASAWARA (a younger brother of Nagahide) of the Shinano-Ogasawara clan, who had support from bakufu, almost established control temporally at one time, but in 1441 after Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA was murdered at Kakitsu War and Masayasu who lost the support died, the Shinano-Ogasawara clan had an internal conflict again among a three party - a son of Nagahide, Mochinaga OGASAWARA (Fuchu family) and a son of Masayasu, Muneyasu OGASAWARA and Mitsuyasu OGASAWARA (Matsuo family) - and furthermore the Matsuo family had a conflict splitting into three including the line of Muneyasu (Suzuoka family) and the line of Mitsuyasu (Matsuo family).