起: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 湯起請
- Yugisho (testimony by boiling water)
- 社寺縁起
- Shaji engi (Illustrated handscrolls of temples and shrines)
- 起稿者の認定
- Identifying the Author
- 四方拝の起源
- The origin of Shihohai
- 起草前後の政情
- Political condition before and after drafting
- 同県人の知事起用
- Appointment of Chij who hailed from the same prefecture
- スギ花粉症の起源
- Origin of Japanese Cedar Pollinosis
- かんしゃくを起こす
- to lose one's temper
- to throw a tantrum
- get one's dander up
- have one's dander up
- 再起と近隣への報復
- The comeback and revenge against the neighborhood
- 騒動の起こった都市
- Cities where riots occurred
- 「本起於黄鍾之重。」
- Originally, the name of shu came from the weight of the proso millet grains that are fully put into Kosho pipe, a kind of flute.'
- 'These units are based on the volume of Kosho.'
- 巷奇『元興寺縁起帳』
- It was written as '巷奇' in 'The Origin of Gango-ji Temple.'
- (例)火事を起こす。
- (e.g.) Make a fire.
- 発布時の将軍と起草者
- The Shogun and drafter at the time of promulgation
- 清和源氏の起源と変遷
- Origin and transition of Seiwa-Genji
- という大事件が起きた。
- It was a serious incident.
- 後に木寺宮家を起こす。
- Later on he established the Kideranomiya family.
- 東学農民軍の再蜂起と鎮圧
- Recurring uprising of Armed peasants in Tonghak
- これも惣掟の起源である。
- This was also the origin of so-okite.
- 「日土友好の起点」の記憶
- Memory of 'the staring point of friendly relations between Japan and Turkey'
- - 徳川家康の命で起草。
- - Drafted by the order of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- 結果として蜂起に至った。
- This led to an uprising.
- - 旱魃・飢饉が起こる。
- Drought and famine took place.
- 承久の乱を引き起こした。
- He caused the Jokyo Disturbance.
- 尺貫法は中国が起源である。
- Shakkanho originated in China.
- これが荘園の起こりである。
- This was the origin of shoen (manor in medieval Japan).
- うち182名が起訴された。
- And 182 of them were charged.
- 近江国浅井郡脇坂庄より起る。
- It originated in Wakisaka-sho, Azai County, Omi Province.
- 信貴山縁起絵巻(朝護孫子寺)
- Shigisan Engi-emaki (The illustrated handscroll of Legends of Mt. Shigi): owned by Chogosonshi-ji Temple
- 法隆寺西院伽藍、法起寺三重塔
- Saiin Garan of Horyu-ji Temple/Three-story Pagoda of Hokki-ji Temple
- いわゆる地名起源説話である。
- This is so-called narrative about the origin of the place-name.
- 「信貴山縁起絵巻」とも称する。
- It is also known as 'Shigisan Engi Emaki.'
- 土佐光起:『三十六歌仙図屏風』
- Mitsuoki TOSA: 'The folding screen of Thirty-six Immortal Poets'
- 北野天神縁起絵巻(北野天満宮)
- Kitano Tenjin Engi Emaki (The illustrated handscroll of the history of Kitano Tenman-gu Shrine): owned by Kitano Tenman-gu Shrine
- 不起訴となった者は釈放された。
- Those who were not accused were released.
- 遭難事件はその帰途に起こった。
- The disaster occurred on their way home.
- このため将軍継嗣問題が起こった。
- This have rise the Shogun successor crisis.
- - 金日成、普天堡の戦いを起こす
- Il-Sung KIM initiated the Battle of Pochonbo.
- 翌年に憤死する事件が起きている。
- He died indignant the next year.
- 1642年に清教徒革命が起こった。
- In 1642, the Puritan Revolution broke out.
- 織田信長に謀反を起こしたのである。
- He raised a rebellion against Nobunaga ODA.
- 4つの突起を持つためこの名がある。
- The fort was named after the four acute-angled corners of it ('Shiryokaku' literally means a fort with four corners in Japanese).
- これが伊賀の忍者の起こりとされる。
- This is considered the origin of Iga Ninja.
- (例)馬を暴れさせ、騒ぎを起こす。
- (e.g.) Having a horse rage to cause a mess.
- - 法起寺(斑鳩町)建立と伝える。
- It is said that he built the Hokki-ji temple (Ikaruga Town).
- (これを利子の起源とする意見もある。)
- (An opinion suggests this was the origin of interest.)
- これを再起訴の準備と見る研究者もいる。
- Some researchers think this action demonstrates the intention of re-prosecuting.
- 法起寺三重塔は8世紀初めの建築である。
- The Three-Story Pagoda of Hokki-ji Temple was built in the early eighth century.
- そのため、再度兵士らが暴動を起こした。
- For that reason, the soldiers rioted again.
- 後醍醐天皇宸翰四天王寺縁起(四天王寺)
- Emperor Godaigo's shinkan, Shitenno-ji engi (Shitenno-ji Temple)
- 一 智識ヲ世界ニ求メ大ニ皇基ヲ振起スヘシ
- 5. 智識ヲ世界ニ求メ大ニ皇基ヲ振起スヘシ(Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundation of imperial rule.)
- これに怒った農民らが数度に渡り蜂起した。
- The outraged farmers raised riots several times
- 一、智識ヲ世界ニ求メ大ニ皇基ヲ振起スヘシ
- 1. Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world to strengthen the foundation of imperial rule.
- 事件の起こった年に、芝居や小説になった。
- In the very year of the incident, it was adapted to a play and a novel.
- さらに各地で徴兵令反対の一揆が起こった。
- Moreover, uprisings against the conscription ordinance broke out in various regions.
- 従って日本の暦道の起源はここに求められる。
- Therefore, Japan's rekido originates from Kanroku's visit.
- そして呉少誠が再び799年に乱を起こした。
- However, Shaocheng WU started another rebellion in 799.
- 国道307号 :彦根市・原町交差点が起点。
- National Route 7 starts at Hara-cho crossing in Hikone City
- 国を思う志士を排斥して内乱を引き起こした。
- They have expelled the patriots who are concerned for the nation and caused domestic conflicts.
- 決起の当日に椋神社で発表された役割表と軍律
- Role Table and Martial Law Presented in Muku Shrine on the Day of the Uprising
- 藩内に混乱が起こり信武は自殺(宇陀崩れ)。
- However, Nobutake committed suicide (Uda Disturbance) due to the disorders within the domain
- つまり日本という国の起源がこの時代にある。
- Namely, the origin of Japan lies in this period.
- 起動するが、特定の操作をするとフリーズする。
- Although it can be activated, it freezes when a certain procedure is operated.
- が初期化される時に止まる、または再起動する。
- It either stops or restart when the PCI is initialized.
- なお、草案起草は松田道之内務大書記官による。
- The draft was drawn up by the chief secretary of the Ministry of the Interior, Michiyuki MATSUDA.
- 粉河寺縁起絵巻(粉河寺、京都国立博物館寄託)
- Kokawadera Engi-emaki (The illustrated handscroll of Legends of Kokawa-dera Temple): owned by Kokawa-dera Temple, and deposited in Kyoto National Museum
- 日露戦争の後頃から郡制廃止の問題が起こった。
- Around the time after Russo-Japanese War, controversy erupted over abolition of Gunsei.
- 尊皇攘夷派による、初めての武力蜂起とされる。
- It is considered to be the first military uprising by Sonno Joi ha.
- 貴族院関係法令の起草は金子堅太郎が担当した。
- The drafting of laws and ordinances related to Kizokuin was done by Kentaro KANEKO.
- 四天王寺、法隆寺、法起寺、法輪寺 (斑鳩町)
- Shitenno-ji Temple, Horyu-ji Temple, Hokki-ji Temple, Horin-ji Temple (Ikaruga-cho)
- 同5年(810年)には「薬子の変」が起きた。
- There was 'the Kusuko Incident' that happened in 810.
- 一度は決戦と決したが、再起を期すものもあった。
- Although having decided to fight a decisive battle, there appeared those who intended to rise again.
- 玉匣を開くと風雲に翩飛けるような変化が起きた。
- When he opened the Tamakushige, the change happened as if something had fluttered and flown into the winds and clouds.
- こうした中で高芙蓉によって「古体派」が起こる。
- Given the circumstances, 'the Kotai school' was established by Fuyo KO.
- また、一部の農民は、治安警察法でも起訴された。
- Some of the peasants were charged with violating the Security Police Law.
- 国立銀行の多くは今日の銀行の起源になっている。
- Many National Banks were origins of today's banks.
- 兄の狭穂彦王(沙本毘古)の起した叛乱に殉じる。
- She was involved and died in the rebellion provoked by her elder brother Sahohiko no miko (狭穂彦王: also written as 沙本毘古).
- 大宝律令に至る律令編纂の起源は681年まで遡る。
- The origin of the compilation of Ritsuryo codes leading to the Taiho Ritsuryo dates back to the year 681.
- 3月12日、段山をめぐる両軍の争奪戦が起こった。
- On March 12, a struggle for Daniyama started.
- 西郷はこの日、各隊長宛に教書を出し奮起を促した。
- On the same day, SAIGO issued to the troop commanders a message to urge them to make more efforts.
- 入鹿が驚いて起き上がると、子麻呂が片脚を斬った。
- When Iruka stood up surprised, Komaro cut one of his legs.
- この動きは9世紀には御霊会の流行を引き起こした。
- This trend led to the epidemic of the goryoe (ritual ceremony to repose of spirits of a deceased person) in the ninth century.
- さらに津軽・渡嶋の蝦夷も蜂起した蝦夷を支援する。
- Moreover, the Emishi in Tsugaru and Watarishima supported the Emishi in revolt.
- 時には撰銭が原因で殺傷事件が起こることもあった。
- Sometimes Erizeni caused bloodshed.
- これによって始めて「及川」という名字が起こった。
- This brought about the 'OIKAWA' family name.
- なお、室町幕府においても湯起請には作法があった。
- The method of yugisho in the Muromachi bakufu was as follows.
- 剣を手にすると軍衆は起き上がり、進軍を再開した。
- With swords in his hand, his army stood up and marched again.
- 鯨尺・呉服尺の起源についての定説は今のところない。
- The origins of the kujira-jaku and the gofuku-jaku have not been specified yet.
- なんじら、これが草案を起創し、もってきこしめせよ。
- You should prepare drafts and bring them to me.
- 翌672年に古代最大の内戦である壬申の乱が起こる。
- In the following year of 672, the Jinshin War, which was the largest battle fought in ancient times, took place.
- 次に無関税貿易により、著しい貿易不均衡が起こった。
- Next, tariff-free trade caused remarkable trade imbalance.
- 有力武士の源頼信が起用されるに及び忠常は降伏した。
- When a dominant Samurai, MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, was appointed, Tadatsune was surrendered.
- この事から、立場の違いに起因する異字と考えられる。
- In view of the above, the difference of letters comes from the difference of positions.
- この文化を足がかりにここに和人の移住定着が起こった。
- Using this culture as a foothold, the movement and settlement of Wajin began.
- 夏島の跡地には、明治憲法起草地記念碑が建てられてる。
- A monument commemorating the place of drafting the Meiji Constitution was built in the former site of the villa in Natsuhima.
- (福岡案第四条)智識を世界に求め大に皇基を振起すべし
- (The 4th article of Fukuoka draft) 智識を世界に求め大に皇基を振起すべし (Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundation of imperial rule.)
- (由利案第三条)智識を世界に求め広く皇基を振起すへし
- (The 3rd article of Yuri draft) 智識を世界に求め広く皇基を振起すへし (Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundation of imperial rule.)
- 世家と似ているが、こちらは勝手に蜂起した群雄の歴史。
- Similar to 'Seika,' but Saiki is about the histories of forces that rose by themselves.
- さらに「脱亜論」関連論説の起稿者の認定も行っている。
- He also tried to identify the authors of the 'Datsu-A Ron' related thesis.
- 平氏は同年2月には京奪回の軍を起こす予定をしていた。
- The clan also planned to raise an army which would recapture Kyoto in March of the same year.
- 仲麻呂は都に兵力を集めて反乱を起こそうと企んでいた。
- Nakamaro intended to gather troops in the capital and to rebel.
- 起源は軽犯罪者の罪を許し手先として使った放免である。
- The origin of Okappiki was Homen, who were former petty criminals whose sins had been forgiven and worked as a minion.
- この法度は、徳川家康が金地院崇伝に命じて起草させた。
- This law was drew up by Konchiin Suden under the order of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- その上で、長尾氏の有力家臣北条高広に反乱を起こさせた。
- Then Harunobu made Takahiro KITAJO, a powerful retainer of the Nagao family, rebel against the family.
- (現代表記)智識を世界に求め、大いに皇基を振起すべし。
- (modern written Japanese) 智識を世界に求め、大いに皇基を振起すべし。(Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundation of imperial rule.)
- 国家に対する内乱罪、外患罪、外国への亡命を起こすこと。
- That included rebellion against the government, high treason and exile abroad.
- 約10000人が、同様に雲龍寺を起点に東京に向かった。
- Over 10,000 peasants left for Tokyo from Unryu-ji Temple.
- 1893年3月29日 修史編纂事業の是非の議論起こる。
- On March 29, 1893, a dispute arouse over the pros and cons of the project for the compilation of historiography.
- この論争は、森の「妻妾論」を契機に起こったものである。
- This dispute was triggered by 'A theory of wives and concubines' written by Mori.
- のちにロシア・ドイツ・フランスによる三国干渉が起こった。
- The Triple Intervention of Russia, Germany and France occurred afterwards.
- 形象埴輪は、円筒埴輪とは起源を異にすると推定されている。
- It is believed that Keisho Haniwa have different origin from cylindrical Haniwa.
- 朝廷の苛政に対して出羽国の夷俘が蜂起して秋田城を襲った。
- The Ifu in Dewa Province revolted against the misrule by the Imperial Court and attacked Akita-jo Castle.
- 摂津国にあった佃 (大阪市)は中世の佃を起源としている。
- Tsukuda in Settsu Province (Osaka City) originated from tsukuda of medieval times.
- なお島津久光は帰国の最中、生麦事件を起こすこととなった。
- On the way back to his domain Hisamitsu SHIMAZU caused the Namamugi Incident.
- 再審の費用の無い村人は暴動を起こし、戸長一家を殺害した。
- The villagers had no money to make an appeal to a higher court, so they provoked a revolt and murdered the officer and his family.
- こうした中で1875年江華島事件(雲楊号事件)が起こる。
- Within this context, Ganghwa Island incident (Unyogo incident) occurred in 1875.
- また明治初期に多く起こった一揆も「賊軍」とは言われない。
- Uprisings which frequently occurred at the early Meiji period were not treated as a 'rebel army'.
- 1871年から1873年(明治6年)まで散発的に起きた。
- Those uprisings occurred sporadically between 1871 and 1873.
- 同年7月に起きた承和の変で橘逸勢らの謀反を訊問している。
- The Prince questioned the details of the treason planned by TACHIBANA no Hayanari, which was called the Showa Incident that happened during August and September 842.
- 21回目の辛酉の年には大革命が起きる(讖緯説)とされる。
- Ancient Chinese legend has it that a great revolution occurs in the twenty-first Kanototori year in the astrological calendar.
- また、天皇陵の修復や、藩祖を皇族に結びつける風潮も起こる。
- In addition, the restoration of emperors' tombs and a tendency to connect the ancestors of feudal clans to the imperial line arose.
- 3月24日に李鴻章が日本人暴漢に狙撃される事件が起こった。
- On March 24, an incident occurred in which Hung Chang LI was shot by a Japanese thug.
- 日本では外敵通謀と言う意味での謀叛はめったに起きなかった。
- In Japan there were very few cases of muhon in the sense of conspiring with enemy.
- これらの牧からは、後に武蔵七党と呼ばれる武士団が起こった。
- Bushidan called Musashi-shichito Parties merged later from these maki.
- 信貴山縁起絵巻とならび称される日本の絵巻物の最高峰の一つ。
- This scroll is valued as one of the most outstanding Japanese picture scrolls along with Shigisan Engi Emaki.
- 元慶2年(878年)3月、夷俘が蜂起して秋田城を急襲した。
- In March in the second year of the Gangyo era (878), the Ifu rose in revolt and ambushed Akita-jo Castle.
- 制度の起源は、古代律令制下の五保制(五保の制)といわれる。
- This system is considered to have started as the 'Goho-sei system,' an administration system in the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in ancient times.
- この論争は福澤が『明六雑誌』の外から提起したものであった。
- This dispute was proposed by Fukuzawa outside of 'Meiroku Zasshi.'
- 兄弟は酒に酔って遊女と寝ていた祐経を起こして、討ち果たす。
- The Soga brothers woke up Suketsune - who had got drunk and slept with a prostitute - and got their revenge.
- 武家の進出のため公家の家門の分裂が起こることも多くなった。
- In many times, the families of Kuge were split because of the advance of Buke.
- これが桓武平氏の起こりで、子孫は代々中流貴族として栄えた。
- This is the beginning of Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan), and its descendants were prosperous as the middle class noble men for generations.
- この後、東京への陳情に出かける農民と警官隊との衝突も起きた。
- And after that, actual collisions came to take place between the peasants who were going to make petitions in Tokyo and the police.
- 日本陶磁史において12世紀は、一大変動の起こった時期である。
- In Japanese ceramic ware history, the 12th century was the period when a major big change occurred.
- 1926年9月18日:学生38名が治安維持法違反などで起訴。
- September 18, 1926: 38 students were prosecuted for violation of the Maintenance of Public Order Law.
- 鎌倉時代からは和気氏もこれに加わり、両家の間で争いが起きる。
- Subsequent to the Kamakura period, the Wake clan also became to succeed it, causing conflicts between the two families.
- 非エネルギー起源二酸化炭素排出量の削減 -0.3% (70)
- The reduction of emissions of carbon dioxide which generates in non-energy fields: -0.3% (70)
- そのため同法制定直後には早くも改正を求める請願運動が起こる。
- So immediately after the law was enacted, the petition movement asking for the amendment began.
- これが東シベリア・極東地域の細石刃の起源であるとされている。
- This is considered to be the origin of saisekijin in East Siberia and the Far East.
- 一部の士族はこれらの四民平等政策に反発し、士族反乱が起こる。
- Some shizoku (family or person with samurai ancestors) opposed these policies to enact equality of all people, and the Shizoku Hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) occurred.
- もし争いが起きた場合は奉行所に届け出て、その指示を仰ぐこと。
- If a dispute happens, report to the magistrate's office and seek direction.
- 翌年、北条時行の中先代の乱が起き、鎌倉が北条軍に奪還される。
- In the following year, the Nakasendai War by Tokiyuki HOJO took place, and Kamakura was regained by the HOJO army.
- 皇族が結婚するにあたって行われるもので、結納の起源となった。
- It is performed before the marriage of an Imperial Family member, which is an origin of yuino (exchange of betrothal gifts).
- 参勤交代の起源は鎌倉時代にみられた御家人の鎌倉への出仕である。
- Sankin-kotai originated from Gokenin (shogunal retainers of the Kamakura bakufu)'s serving in Kamakura during the Kamakura period.
- 上記の通り、各国憲法を研究して憲法草案を起草せよと命じている。
- As mentioned above, the emperor ordered the preparation of drafts of a constitution after studies on other countries' constitutions.
- ここでは刀と述べたが、起源については諸説あり、不明な点も多い。
- Although it is described as a sword above, there are various theories about the exact origin of the naginata, and many remains unknown.
- 安禄山は自らの地位を失う恐怖から755年、ついに乱を起こした。
- Out of fear of losing his status, Lushan AN finally started a rebellion in 755.
- 古代中国に起源をもち、日本や朝鮮など東アジアで広く使用された。
- It was originated in ancient China and was widely used in East Asia including Japan and Korea.
- 15世紀末頃からこのような「天下」概念に若干の変化が起こった。
- This notion began to change slightly from the end of the 15th century.
- しかし、江戸大坂十里四方に領地を持つ大名旗本から反対が起こる。
- But daimyo and hatamoto who had territories within the areas of ju-ri square of Edo and Osaka opposed this policy.
- つまり良くも悪くも財力や経済感覚に富んだ人物が起用されていた。
- It meant that a person who had assets and economic sense seemed to be appointed to the post in a positive and negative way.
- この事件は、日本とトルコの友好関係の起点として記憶されている。
- This disaster is remembered as a starting point of the friendship between Japan and Turkey.
- 下議院の規則である「国会議員規則」を起草したことでも知られる。
- The Sain is also known for having drafted 'regulations for the members of parliament,' which was a set of rules for the lower house of parliament.'
- 文政11年(1828年)シーボルト事件を起こし、翌年国外追放。
- In 1828, the Siebold Incident happened, and he was expelled overseas.
- 山型のように側がないため、根菜類は掘り起こさなければならない。
- This type has no side slope, so it is not easy to dig up the root crops.
- 天正7年(1579年)の松平信康が切腹するという事件が起こる。
- In 1579, Nobuyasu committed seppuku (ritual suicide).
- のちに武士が台頭してくると、地方で武士の間の抗争が巻き起こった。
- When samurai gained power later, many conflicts happened among samurai in local regions.
- 新井は長崎奉行大岡清相からの意見書を参考にし、改革案を起案した。
- Arai developed a reform plan based on a proposal submitted by Kiyosuke OOKA, Nagasaki bugyo (the collective name of magistrates placed in important areas directly controlled by the government in the Edo period.)
- 凶作・水害・疫病が起こると大名は食料獲得のため隣国へ戦争をした。
- In the event of poor harvest, water damage, or epidemic, daimyo made war on neighboring territories for food.
- 保則は小野春風の起用を願い、6月、春風は鎮守府将軍に任命される。
- He requested the appointment of ONO no Harukaze, and in June Harukaze was appointed as the shogun of the chinju-fu (military government post to subdue the Emishi).
- 郷村断層では、西側が最大80cm隆起し、南へ270cm移動した。
- The Goson Fault was raised a maximum of 80cm on the west side and moved 270cm towards the south.
- 相馬事件(そうまじけん)とは、明治年間に起こった御家騒動の一つ。
- Some Jiken is one of the family troubles occurred in the Meiji period in Japan.
- これを不満とした元兵士などを中心として、抗日目的の反乱が起きた。
- Former soldiers and others who were dissatisfied with this raised an anti-Japanese rebellion.
- 野見宿禰の進言に従い、殉死に替えて土偶を葬る(埴輪の起源説話)。
- Following NOMI no Sukune's advice, he buried a clay figure instead of following his wife to the grave (this is believed to be the origin of Haniwa, earthenware figures that line the exterior of some ancient Japanese burial mounds).
- なかには、新聞の三面記事を賑わすスキャンダルを起こした者もいる。
- There were some who were accused of scandals and they were reported in the newspapers.
- 百済の再起に対して唐は増援の劉仁軌率いる水軍7000名を派遣した。
- Against Kudara's come back, the Tang Dynasty deployed 7000 additional sea warriors led by Liu Rengui.
- また原資料を編纂する際の兼将のミスに起因するらしい誤謬も存在する。
- There are also errors that have appeared to have been caused by mistakes made by Kanemasa while compiling the original sources.
- また、藩主と家臣団の軋轢を要因としてお家騒動を起こした例もあった。
- There were also instances of a feud caused by friction between the feudal lord and a group of his retainers.
- 阿衡事件(あこうじけん)は、平安時代前期に起こった政治事件である。
- The Ako Incident was a political incident that occurred in the early Heian period.
- 占領各地では義兵の決起が生じ、このため武器・兵糧不足に悩まされた。
- In various occupied areas, volunteer soldiers arose and they suffered from insufficient weapons and provisions.
- また金子氏を慕う領民達も決起し毛利軍にゲリラを仕掛けたと思われる。
- It seems that the village people in the territory, who adored their lord, even engaged in guerrilla warfare against the troops of the Mori clan.
- 島津らの救援水軍に明・朝鮮の水軍が攻撃に向かって露梁海戦が起きた。
- The Shimazu relief force was attacked by the Ming and Korean navy, and the battle of Noryang occurred.
- 隊士には藩庁から給与が支給され、隊士は隊舎で起居して訓練に励んだ。
- Kiheitai Army's officers trained hard themselves on condition that they were paid by the government building of domain and given a place to stay.
- 30年前の北条一族が起こした乱たる二月騒動の記憶が蘇ったのだろう。
- People would have remembered the Nigatsu-sodo (February rebellion) caused by the Hojo clan 30 years ago.
- 起稿者の認定は、関与の多い方から5段階のA、B、C、D、Eで表す。
- The identification of the authors are ranked in likeliness from A, B, C, D and E.
- 日本国内では再び朝鮮半島への改革に介入すべきだとの世論が起こった。
- A public opinion that Japan should intervene once more in the reform of the Korean peninsula arose in Japan.
- 源義親の乱(みなもとのよしちかのらん)は平安時代中期に起きた反乱。
- The rebellion by MINAMOTO no Yoshichika was a rebellion which took place in the middle of the Heian period.
- 1428年(正長元年)に起こった正長の土一揆についての記述がある。
- The book contains the description of the peasant riot of Shocho, the first farmer's uprising that occurred in 1428.
- 元禄赤穂事件以前に起こった江戸城内での刃傷沙汰には次のものがある。
- Examples of affairs of sword fight happened inside the palace before Genroku Ako Incident are the following.
- 観応の擾乱が起こると、直義、尊氏が交互に申し出た降伏を受け入れる。
- When Kanno Disturbance broke out, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA and Takauji ASHIKAGA offered surrender alternately and he accepted it.
- そのため、女性天皇及び女系天皇の可能性も含めた議論が起こっている。
- Therefore, there was a debate in terms of the succession to the throne including the possibility of an Empress or female Imperial Family line to succeed to the throne.
- 新羅は旧高句麗の遺臣らを援助し、彼らは669年に反唐の蜂起を行った。
- Silla assisted the surviving retainers of what was formerly Koguryo, and they organized an uprising against Tang in 669.
- 1570年に織田信長と三好三人衆の間で野田城・福島城の戦いが起こる。
- In 1570 the Battle of Noda-jo Castle and Fukushima-jo Castle broke out between Nobunaga ODA and Miyoshi Sanninshu (the triumvirate of the Miyoshi clan).
- 古都税の施行は古都税騒動と呼ばれる政治事件を起こした(経緯を参照)。
- The enforcement of the Old Capital Tax provoked an incident known as the Old Capital Tax Dispute (See the details below).
- 織田信長に帰属していた荒木村重が突然謀反を起こしたことに端を発する。
- It started from a sudden rebellion by Murashige ARAKI, who belonged to Nobunaga ODA.
- 2月に京都市仏教会は条例の無効確認を求めた訴えを京都地裁へ起こした。
- In February of that year, the Kyoto City Buddhism Organization filed a suit in the Kyoto district court demanding the affirmation of the invalidity of the ordinance.
- 弥生時代の北部九州では、朝鮮半島起源の磨製石鏃と磨製石剣が発達した。
- In Yayoi period, in northern part of Kyushu, flint arrowhead and stone sword of ground stone tools which originated in the Korean Peninsula were developed.
- 江戸時代の初め頃から神武天皇陵を探し出そうという動きが起こっていた。
- There was a movement to find out the place of Emperor Jimmu's Mausoleum in the early Edo period.
- 起床と就業の時間が定められ、村を遠く離れる際には上官への申告を要した。
- They had to get up and start working at fixed times, and report to their upper officers when they went to places far from their villages.
- 仏教用語としての、様々な不思議な現象を起こすとされる超人的存在のこと。
- In Buddhist terminology, it is a supernatural existence that causes mysterious phenomena.
- これとは異なり、主人側にて書類を起案・交付するケースもあるようである。
- It appears that some lords may have prepared and issued similar documents themselves.
- もう1本の山田断層は、北側が最大70cm隆起し、東へ80cm移動した。
- The Yamada Fault was raised a maximum of 70cm on the north side and moved 80cm towards the east.
- しかし武則天期から玄宗 (唐)期にはこれら諸制度が崩壊を起こし始める。
- However, these systems began to collapse between the reign of Wu Zeitian and Xuanzong (Tang).
- 公文書などよりも、板碑や過去帳、巡礼札、古社寺縁起などに多く見られる。
- They are more often seen in Itahi (board monument), Kakocho (a family register of deaths), Junreifuda (pilgrimage tags), and Koshaji engi (writings about the history of old temples and shrines) than in official documents.
- このため『万国公法』を紹介しようとする動きは、まず欧米側から起こった。
- Therefore, movement to introduce 'Bankoku Koho' was initiated from the European and American side.
- 遠い九州で起きた広嗣の乱を聖武天皇が極度に恐れたためであったとされる。
- It is said that this was because Emperor Shomu was extremely afraid of the rebellion of Hirotsugu which occurred far in Kyushu.
- 堺利彦、幸徳秋水らの「平民社」による治安警察法改正請願運動が起こった。
- The group called 'Heiminsha' (Commoners' Society), which was headed by Toshihiko SAKAI and Shusui KOTOKU, began agitating for the revision of the Security Police Law.
- このため後嵯峨崩御後、治天の君の継承と、皇室荘園領の相続問題が起こる。
- This resulted in disputes about the succession of chiten no kimi and the private estate owned by the Imperial family after the demise of Gosaga.
- 同年起こった平治の乱に際しては、天皇と共に平清盛の六波羅第に遷幸した。
- In the same year, when the Heiji Disturbance occurred, she departed from the capital to TAIRA no Kiyomori's Rokuhara-tei, together with the Emperor.
- 親王の伏見御料は、以後子孫相次いで伝領され、これが伏見宮の起源となる。
- The Prince's Imperial estate was successively passed to his descendants from generation to generation after that, it became the origin of Fushiminomiya.
- 皇后、草壁皇子らに皇位継承争いを起こさないよう誓わせる(吉野の盟約)。
- He made the people like the Empress and the Prince Kusakabe swear not to fight each other over the right of succession to the imperial throne (Yoshino Pact).
- しかし、翌1219年に起きた実朝暗殺により後鳥羽上皇の拒否に遭い頓挫。
- However, the assassination of Sanetomo that took place in the following 1219 derailed the realization of the proposal; the Retired Emperor Gotoba refused it.
- 1290年には宮中に浅原為頼の一族が押し入る天皇暗殺未遂事件が起きる。
- In 1290, Tameyori ASAHARA forced his way into the Imperial Palace and attempted to assassinate the Emperor.
- 父に太上天皇の号を送ろうとして、幕府と尊号一件と呼ばれる事件を起こす。
- He intended to present the title of Retired Emperor to his father in defiance of the government; this incident was called Songo Ikken (conflict between the Imperial Palace and the Edo government).
- 同年、祖父後鳥羽天皇が承久の乱を起こしたが北条泰時率いる幕府軍に敗北。
- In the same year, his grandfather, Emperoro Gotoba caused the Jokyu Battle, however his forces were beaten by the government forces led by Yasutoki HOJO.
- 長尾氏が内輪もめを起こしている間に、晴信は北信濃国人衆への調略を進めた。
- While the Nagao clan was involved in the internal problem, Harunobu continued maneuvering local samurai landowners in the northern Shinano area.
- 弘治2年(1556年)、越後国では景虎が出家隠遁を図る事件が起きている。
- In Echigo Province in 1556, Kagetora attempted to become a priest and to live a retired life
- 、幕府の無策に憤って大坂町奉行所の元与力大塩平八郎が大坂で武装蜂起した。
- In 1837, Heihachiro OSHIO, a former police sergeant (yoriki) of the magistrate's office of Osaka, became indignant at the do-nothing government and conducted an armed uprising in Osaka.
- この時代、中央では政争が多く起こり、東北では蝦夷との戦争が絶えなかった。
- In this period, many political strifes occurred in the central government and in Tohoku there were never-ending wars with Ezo.
- これに触発されて播磨では赤松則村(円心)が蜂起し、伊予でも反乱が起こる。
- Encouraged by this, Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin) rose in rebellion in Harima Province and a similar rebellion occurred in Iyo Province.
- 元慶の乱(がんぎょうのらん)は平安時代に起きた俘囚(蝦夷)の反乱である。
- The Gangyo War, which occurred in the Heian period, was a rebellion by the Ifu, or less assimilated Emishi (unassimilated northerners) under the rule of the Imperial Court.
- なお、宗明の次男が三浦姓に復して美作三浦氏を起こし戦国大名として栄えた。
- Additionally, the second son of Muneaki returned to the Miura name; he originated the Mimasaka Miura clan, which then flourished as a warring lord.
- 家老・一族と藩主との権力闘争は軋轢を生み、多くの御家騒動を引き起こした。
- The strife over authority between the Karo (chief retainer) or the lord's own family and the lord of the domain led to conflicts and caused many family troubles.
- 長元元年(1028年)6月、忠常は安房守平惟忠を焼き殺す事件を起こした。
- In June, 1028, an incident occurred in which Tadatsune burned TAIRA no Koretada, Awa no kami (Governor of Awa Province), to death.
[第三は発起人の意見対立により開業に至らず当時欠番となっていた。]
[ The third one was not opened due to the conflict of opinion among founders and it was a vacant number at that time.]
- 蝦夷の蜂起は日本海側にも及び、当時出羽国管轄であった志波村の蝦夷も反逆。
- Uprisings of Emishi/Ezo inhabitants spread over to the areas along the Sea of Japan, including the revolt of the Emishi/Ezo of Shiwa village, which was then under the domain of the Dewa province.
- このことを不服とした旧家臣や町民が変更を求めて行動を起こし暴動に至った。
- His old retainers and townspeople were not happy about this therefore they demanded for a change and a rebellion had occurred.
- また中国では戦争が起こった年の干支から庚子事変(こうしじへん)ともいう。
- It is also called Koshi Jihen (Koshi Incident) in China from the year when the war occurred based on the Oriental zodiac.
- 座礁したエルトゥールル号は機関部に浸水して水蒸気爆発を起こし、沈没した。
- The Ertuğrul was stranded and water broke through into the engine room, which caused a vapor explosion and finally she sank.
- だが下手な手の付け方をすれば、日本中に反政府の武装蜂起が起こりかねない。
- However, if they made a bad job of undertaking some action, an armed uprising of antigovernment forces would have occured throughout Japan.
- 1868年には幕府反乱軍が箱館を占領し、五稜郭で箱館戦争が起こっている。
- In 1868 the pro-bakufu rebel army occupied Hakodate, leading to the outbreak of the Hakodate War at Goryokaku.
- 藤原仲麻呂の乱(ふじわらのなかまろのらん)は奈良時代に起きた内乱である。
- The Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro is a domestic conflict which occurred in the Nara period.
- 九鬼守隆の死後、五男の九鬼久隆と三男の九鬼隆季との間に家督争いが起こる。
- After Moritaka KUKI's death, Hisataka KUKI, the fifth son, and Takasue KUKI, the third son, had a succession dispute within the family.
- 反乱を起こした兵士の不満矛先は別技軍を支援してきた日本人にも向けられた。
- The soldiers who started rioting also turned their discontent against the Japanese who had supported the Byeolgigun.
- 67年から京都で応仁の乱が起こると、後土御門天皇とともに室町亭へ逃れる。
- In 1467 when the Onin War occurred in Kyoto, the Emperor escaped to Muromachi Mansion together with Emperor Gotsuchimikado.
- 更に景虎と不和になった大熊朝秀を調略し、反乱を起こさせて越後侵攻を図った。
- Furthermore, maneuvering Tomohide OKUMA who had caused friction with Kagetora, he made Okuma rebel Kagetora, to invade Echigo.
- また、朱雀は上に由来して寺社の縁起や地方の地誌等に私年号として散見される。
- Because of the above-mentioned reasons, Suzaku also appears from time to time in the origin stories of temples and shrines, as well as in the private (non-official) era names listed in the topographies and so forth.
- 規模としては最後の西来庵事件以外は小規模、または蜂起以前に逮捕されている。
- These uprisings were relatively small in scale except for the last Xilaian Incident and conspirators were arrested before the planned uprisings could even take place.
- 『日本往生極楽記』の撰者でもある慶滋保胤が起草した「二十五三昧起請」には、
- YOSHISHIGE no Yasutane, who was also the editor of 'Nihon ojo gokurakuki' (Japanese records of birth into the Pure Land), drafted the 'Nijugozanmai kisho' which stated:
- 事件は4月23日に起こり、『保暦間記』では「仰ト号シテ夜討ニシタリケル」。
- The incident occurred on April 23, and according to 'Horyakukanki,' 'A night-time raid was conducted saying that an order to do so was issued.'
- 5月24日深夜に起きた地震の翌朝25日、時頼は鎌倉と外部の連絡を遮断した。
- On the morning of July 16, one day after an earthquake occurred in the small hours in July 15, Tokiyori blocked communications between Kamakura and outside.
- 五日市学芸講談会のうち1人である千葉卓三郎が1881年に起草したとされる。
- It is believed that one of the members of the Itsukaichi Learning and Debating Society, Takusaburo CHIBA made the draft in 1881.
- この日はこれといった騒ぎは起こらず、軍隊到着とともに、関係者が逮捕された。
- On this day, there was no particular troubles happened, and as the troops arrived, the persons concerned were arrested.
- 前述のとおり、条里プランの起源を班田収授制に求める説はほぼ否定されている。
- As described above, the theory to seek the origin of plan of jori in handen shuju sei is virtually rejected.
- これは多分に娯楽的な意味を持ち、民衆が旅行するようになった起源とも言われる。
- It is said that such pilgrimages were highly entertaining in a sense, and led to the popularity of travelling among common people.
- 翌1883年(明治16年)に伊藤らは帰国し、井上毅に憲法草案の起草を命じた。
- Ito returned to Japan in 1883, and ordered Kowashi INOUE to prepare a constitution draft.
- なお、治安警察法は、事件の起きた1900年2月13日にはまだ成立していない。
- By the way, the Security Police Law was not yet enacted when the Kawamata Incident occurred on February 13, 1900.
- 中国では古代において東アジアの中心的な位置を占めており早くに文明が起こった。
- In ancient times, China occupied the central position in East Asia.
- 実際に、日本の裁判所で日本政府に対する損失補填を求める民事訴訟が起こされた。
- In fact, some of them instituted a civil suit in a court in Japan, demanding individual compensation from the Japanese government.
- 井田は『時事新報』の無署名論説に井田メソッドを適用して起筆者を判定している。
- Ida adapted his method to this anonymous editorial of the 'Jiji Shinpo newspaper' to identify the author.
- また、徹底した緊縮財政とともに地方改良運動を起こして地方の立て直しを図った。
- In addition, it tried to put the local communities back on their feet by carrying out drastic fiscal retrenchment as well as starting the Movement for Local Community Improvement.
- 有茎石鏃の場合は、突起部分を凹み部分とかみあわせて強度を増したものであろう。
- For Yukei Sekizoku, it is thought that the projection was attached to the depression area to increase the strength.
- 副島種臣と福岡孝弟がアメリカ合衆国憲法および『西洋事情』等を参考に起草した。
- Taneomi SOEJIMA and Takachika FUKUOKA drafted 'The Constitution of 1868' mainly referencing 'The Constitution of the United States of America' and 'Seiyo jijo' (affairs in the Western countries).
- こうした対立に、異文化遭遇の際に起こりがちな迷信・風説の流布が拍車をかけた。
- This opposition further increased the spread of superstitions and rumors that often occur when encountering foreign cultures.
- そうすると、政府への強い批判が起こり自由民権運動が一層の盛り上がりを見せた。
- Then, criticism towards the government became stronger and the Freedom and People's Rights Movement was pumped up.
- そのため、西郷らは相楽総三ら浪士を集めて江戸に騒擾を起こし、幕府側を挑発した。
- Then, Saigo assembled rochi including Sozo SAGARA, provoking the bakufu.
- 日清間で数年前に起きた台湾出兵の時の日本側の交渉姿勢が念頭にあったためである。
- That was because the Koreans were mindful of the attitude of Japan during the negotiation of the Taiwan expedition which had occurred between Japan and Ching several years before.
- 継体天皇の時代に九州北部で起こった磐井の乱の鎮圧を命じられたのが物部氏だった。
- When the Iwai War occurred in the northern Kyushu area during the era of the Emperor Keitai, it was the Mononobe clan which was ordered to suppress the revolt.
- 889年(寛平元年)、強盗首物部氏永(もののべのうじなが)等が蜂起し発生した。
- In 889, MONONOBE no Nagauji, the head of a group of bandits, and others started the war.
- 光格天皇の頃は朝廷権威の復興を望み、幕府との間に尊号一件が起こるなど折衝した。
- Around the time of Emperor Kokaku, the Imperial Court tried to regain its authority, and negotiations, such as the Songo Case (an effort by the emperor to give an honorary title), were conducted with the Shogunate.
- もっとも古い私擬憲法は、青木周蔵の起草による大日本政規(1872年)とされる。
- The oldest Shigi Kenpo was the Dai Nippon Seiki (Government Policy of Great Japan) (1872) written by Shuzo AOKI.
- 裁判も、起訴無効という形で決着したため、事実関係については決着がついていない。
- The court eventually decided to drop the case, so the true account of the Kawamata Incident has not been clarified.
- 翌日、大日本帝国憲法起草を主導した伊藤博文も同様の主張を表明する演説を行った。
- On the next day, Hirobumi ITO, who led drafting of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, made a similar announcement.
- 前関東管領である上杉禅秀(禅秀)が鎌倉公方の足利持氏に対して起した反乱である。
- It was a rebellion against Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo (governor-general of the Kanto region) instigated by Ujinori (a.k.a Zenshu) UESUGI, former Kanto kanrei (assistant to Kamakura kubo).
- 9月5日、東京日比谷公園でも講和条約反対を唱える民衆による決起集会が開かれた。
- On September 5, another rally took place by the people who called for abrogating the peace treaty in Hibiya Park in Tokyo.
- 政府内でも批判の声が起こり、特に払下げの規則を作った前大蔵卿の大隈が反対した。
- Some people criticized the sale of the properties even within the government, and especially OKUMA, the previous Minister of the Treasury who made a rule for sales of the properties, strongly opposed it.
- 甲申政変(こうしんせいへん)とは、1884年12月に朝鮮で起こったクーデター。
- The Gapsin Coup is an event which happened in Korea in December, 1884.
- 唐は百済の旧領を郡県制支配の下に置いたが、すぐに百済遺民による反抗運動が起きる。
- The Tang Dynasty put the old territories of Kudara under the county and prefecture system, but an uprising by the surviving members of Kudara soon took place.
- 蛮社の獄(ばんしゃのごく)とは、1839年(天保10)5月に起きた言論弾圧事件。
- Bansha no goku was the suppression of free speech that occurred in May 1839.
- 12世紀の『粉河寺縁起絵巻』もまた、地方社会に生きる人びとが描かれた絵巻である。
- 'Kokawadera engi emaki' (a picture scroll of legends of Kokawa-dera Temple) in the 12th century also describes the common people in local society.
- 永保元年(1081年)以降は延暦寺の僧兵による園城寺焼き討ち事件が起こっている。
- After 1081, a fire attack against Onjo-ji Temple by monk-soldiers from Enryaku-ji Temple occurred.
- 寺社はこの時期に荘園領主として発展しており、各地で国司と紛争を引き起こしていた。
- In this period, temples and shrines had prospered as a lord of a manor and had caused disputes with kokushi (provincial governors).
- 後述のごとく、表題は寺社縁起絵に属するものであるが、内容は高僧伝絵の範疇に入る。
- As described below, the title falls into the genre of Jisha Engi-e (literally, illustrated origins of shrines and temples), but the story itself belongs to the genre of Kosoden-e (illustrated biographies of notable Buddhist monks).
- 検挙された学生のうち38名が治安維持法および出版法違反・不敬罪により起訴された。
- 38 of the students who had been arrested were prosecuted for violation of the Maintenance of Public Order Law and publishing law, as well as lese majesty.
- 4日早朝には反織田派が蜂起して孫一の館に放火し、さらに残る孫一の与党を攻撃した。
- In the early morning of the 3rd, the anti-Oda group rose a revolt, set fire to Magoichi's residence and attacked a pro-Magoichi group who still stayed there.
- 農耕社会では、自己と同一の意識と生活を有する農民に対しては、警戒感は惹起しない。
- In the agrarian society, a sense of vigilance was not raised toward the peasants, who possessed the same consciousness and standard of living as one's own.
- 久扶は再興軍に参加することなく、吉川元春に起請文を提出して異心無きことを示した。
- Hisasuke did not participate in the restoration army, and presented written vows to Motoharu KIKKAWA to show that he harbored no treacherous designs.
- この虚を突いて783年に乱が起こり、元幽州節度使の朱沘を擁立して長安を占拠した。
- Taking advantage of this void, soldiers rose in rebellion in 783 and occupied Chang'an, supporting a former setsudoshi named Zhu Ci as their leader.
- H.ホイートン著・瓜生三寅訳『交道起源 一名万国公法全書』京都竹苞楼、1868年
- 'Kodokigen Ichimei Bankoku Koho Zensho' by H. WHEATON, translated by Mitora URYU published by Kyoto Chikuhoro in 1868.
- またホイートン原著から直接訳した瓜生三寅訳『交道起源 一名万国公法全書』も出た。
- In addition, the book directly translated from the original by Wheaton 'Kodokigen Ichimei Bankoku Kohozensho'translated by Mitora URYU was published.
- 義和団は、 太平天国における拝上帝会のようにその起源を単一のものに特定できない。
- Because the Boxers were Haijoteikai (the predecessor) of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, their united origin cannot be specified.
- 中国の銅鈴が起源とされるが、日本で出土する形状に類似するものは見つかっていない。
- Dotaku is said to have originated from Chinese copper bells but no similar shape has been found in Japan.
- 橘諸兄の死後、同年に息子・奈良麻呂は謀反(橘奈良麻呂の乱)を起こし獄死している。
- After TACHIBANA no Moroe passed away, his son Naramaro committed a rebellion (TACHIBANA no Naramaro War) in the same year, and died in prison.
- 将門はこの言に乗り下野国・上野国の国府を占領して世に言う承平天慶の乱を起こした。
- Adopting Prince Okiyo's advice, Masakado occupied the provincial offices of Shimonotsuke and Kozuke provinces, in what came to be called the Johei and Tengyo War.
- 滋子の死からわずか一年後に鹿ケ谷事件が起こり、後白河と清盛の政治同盟は崩壊する。
- Just one year after Shigeko's death, the Shishigatani Incident happened, the political alliance of Emperor Goshirakawa and Kiyomori collapsed.
- これに反発した成徳・天雄・平盧・山南東道(陝西東部)の梁祟義が連合して乱を起こす。
- Chongyi LIANG from Chengde, Tenyu, Pinglu and Shannan East (eastern part of Shaanxi) who was dissatisfied with this treatment formed an alliance and started a rebellion.
- かつては『保暦間記』の記述により、野心を抱いた北条宗方が引き起こしたものとされた。
- According to descriptions in 'Horyakukanki' (a history book of the 14 century in Japan), it was once said that this incident was caused by ambitious Munekata HOJO.
- 二月騒動(にがつそうどう)は、鎌倉時代の1272年(文永9年)2月に起こった事件。
- The Nigatsu-sodo refers to the incident that took place in March, 1272 (February, 1272 in old lunar calendar) in the Kamakura period.
- 天正10年6月、本能寺の変が起こり、信長が横死することで、同盟関係は自然消滅した。
- When Honnoji Incident occurred and Nobunaga died a violent death in June, 1582, the alliance naturally ended.
- これを知った民権派が一斉に政府を非難し、東京では学生や壮士によるデモも起こされた。
- Members of the Civil-Right group who found out about this unanimously criticized the government, and in Tokyo, students and political activists caused a demonstration.
- 本来的に読書人である文人は文房において起居し、同時に趣味生活を実現する拠点とした。
- Bunjin originally meant people who read books well and spend most of the time in their library and engaged in their hobbies there.
- 1908年(明治41年)2月5日に、澳門沖に起きた日本船第二辰丸の拿捕事件である。
- It is an incident in which Dai-ni Tatsumaru, a Japanese ship, was captured off the coast of Macao on February 5, 1908.
- サンシー事件(サンシーじけん)は、明治初期の沖縄県で起きた、県役人殺害事件をいう。
- 'Sanshi Incident' refers to the murder of a prefectural government official that occurred in Okinawa Prefecture in the early Meiji period.
- 長尾軍の中でも動揺が起こっていたらしく、景虎は諸将に忠誠を確認する誓紙を求めている。
- It can be assumed that unrest took place among Nagao's forces as well, and Kagetora requested his military commanders to submit a written oath showing loyalty to him.
- このような物の交流は各地で起こっているが、これが現在の名産物になっている地域も多い。
- Exchange of products of this kind occurred all around the country, and in many regions these transferred products became present-day local speciality.
- 15代将軍徳川慶喜は起死回生の策として大政奉還を実行し、徳川の政治的生き残りを図る。
- Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, the 15th shogun, shogun, returned political power back to the Emperor (Taisei Hokan) as a last-ditch measure to save the political career of the Tokugawa clan.
- そのため、日比谷焼打事件をはじめとして各地で暴動が起こり、戒厳令が敷かれるに至った。
- Popular uprisings broke out in various places beginning with the Hibiya Incendiary Incident, and martial law was declared.
- 基本的に共通仕様上の読み違いによって、特性や基本構造に差異があるために起こる現象だ。
- This is a phenomenon which happens basically because of differences in features and basic structures as a result of misreading of common specifications.
- 戦いに敗れた細川澄元は実家の阿波に逃亡し再起を図り、三好之長に擁立され抵抗を続けた。
- Having lost the battle, Sumimoto HOSOKAWA fled to Awa where his parents lived and continued to resist with the support of Yukinaga MIYOSHI, aiming at recovery.
- 伊予親王の変(いよしんのうのへん)は、大同 (日本)2年(807年)に起こった政変。
- Iyo Shinno no Hen was a political change which occurred in 807.
- 『源氏物語絵巻』、『信貴山縁起絵巻』、『鳥獣人物戯画』と並んで四大絵巻物と称される。
- It is counted as one of the four most prominent narrative picture scrolls along with 'Genji Monogatari Emaki' (Illustrated handscrolls of the Tale of Genji), 'Shigisan Engi Emaki' (picture scroll of the burning of Mt. Shigi), and 'Choju Jinbutsu Giga' (scrolls of frolicking animals and humans).
- 慶長3年(1598年)9月、前月の秀吉の死に乗じて再び日高郡山地郷で一揆が起こった。
- On October 1598, a riot broke out again at Sanjigo of Hidaka County, seizing the opportunity of Hideyoshi's death in the previous month.
- また、釜山から漢城までの輸送路がゲリラ攻撃されると内陸部では兵糧備蓄の不安が起きた。
- In addition, as the transportation route from Busan to Hansong was attacked using guerrilla tactics, inland bases became concerned about their emergency provisions.
- ただし、この事件は、後に北条氏内部で起こる執権職をめぐっての内紛の先駆けにもなった。
- However, this was the beginning of internal conflicts for shikken no shiki (post of regent) which later happened inside the Hojo clan.
- 同年6月には別子銅山でも暴動が起きているが、足尾暴動事件が飛び火したものといわれる。
- In June on the same year, a riot occurred in Besshi Copper Mine, and it is said to had been spilled over from Ashio Riot.
- しかし一方では義持の弟の足利義嗣が出奔する事件が起こり、義嗣は捕縛されて幽閉される。
- There was the incident of Yoshitsugu ASHIKAGA, who was the younger brother of Yoshimochi, running away and leading to Yoshitsugu's capture and confinement.
- やがて本能寺の変で信長の死を知った伊賀忍者たちが一斉蜂起し、各地で争いを繰り広げた。
- Afterward, Iga Ninja who were informed of the death of Nobunaga in Honnoji Incident rose in rebellion and caused conflicts in each region.
- 渡来は一時期に集中して起こった訳ではなく、幾つかの移入の波があったと考えられている。
- Torai (that people came from abroad) did not happen at a time, but there were supposedly some waves of immigration to Japan.
- 一方、政情不安は続き、658年に有間皇子が謀反を起こそうとしたとして処刑されている。
- On the other hand, the political uncertainty continued and in 658, Prince Arima was executed for attempting a rebellion.
- 若死したため子は無く、皇位を巡って鳥羽と崇徳天皇が対立したことから保元の乱が起こる。
- Because the Emperor died young, he did not have any children, and the Hogen War occurred in the result of fighting for Imperial succession between Emperor Toba and Emperor Sutoku.
- 一方で、膨大な人口が農村から江戸に流入して、様々な都市問題を引き起こすことにもなった。
- On the other hand, a massive influx of migrants from rural farming villages to Edo caused various urban problems.
- 実のところ募集当局に平民を拒む意思はなかったので、ここから問題が起きることはなかった。
- In fact, these adoptions caused no problems because the recruitment authorities had no intention to reject commoners.
- 幕府が鎖国に踏み切った決定的な事件は寛永14年(1637年)に起こった島原の乱である。
- The critical incident that urged the Bakufu to launch into seclusionism was the Shimabara War in 1637.
- 高麗の史料、『高麗史』などには、撤退途中に風雨が起きて多数が座礁した事が記されている。
- The historical materials of Goryeo, including 'Koraishi,' says that a storm occurred during their withdrawal and stranded many ships.
- 撰銭を巡る問題は、16世紀の日本に強力な中央政権が存在しなかったことにも起因していた。
- Problems centered on the erizeni act were also generated partially because no strong centralized government existed in Japan during the sixteenth century.
- 一度は蟄居を余儀なくされた尼子経久が謀略をもって再起すると、忠扶は尼子経久に帰順した。
- When Tsunehisa AMAGO, who was once under house arrest, rose again by stratagem, Tadasuke returned his allegiance to Tsunehisa AMAGO.
- ただし収容された無宿は元々犯罪者崩れだったため、様々な問題を引き起こすことも多かった。
- However, the homeless who were accomodated there used be criminals, so they often caused troubles as follows:
- このような実際に最近起きた出来事を音頭にすることは「新聞(しんもん)読み」と呼ばれる。
- To compose ondo based on real stories are called 'Shinmon-yomi' (reading newspapers).
- その結果、平山は1885年には「脱亜論」は何の反響も引き起こさなかったと推定している。
- Therefore, Hirayama concluded that 'Datsu-A Ron' did not have any impact in 1885.
- また、8月には村松藩でも村役人の追放を訴える一揆が起きて藩と新政府軍に鎮圧されている。
- In September (表記の変更), another uprising occurred in Muramatsu Domain, demanding the expulsion of village officers, and it was also suppressed by the joint operation of the domain and the new government army.
- 宝亀の乱(ほうきのらん)は奈良時代に東北地方(後の陸前国)で蝦夷が起こした反乱である。
- The Hoki War was the rebellion of Emishi (natives of the Japanese islands of Hokkaido and northern Honshu that opposed and resisted the rule of the Japanese Emperors) in Tohoku region (later Rikuzen Province) in the Nara period.
- 周辺の村は、長沼村が独占している長沼の入会地化をめぐり幕末に訴えを起こすなどしていた。
- In the end of Edo Period, people in neighboring villages filed lawsuits in order to make Naganuma a common land which Naganuma village had monopolized.
- 西周 (啓蒙家)が起草、福地源一郎・井上毅・山縣有朋によって加筆修正されたとされる。
- It is said to be drafted by Amane NISHI (illuminator) and improved by Genichiro FUKUCHI, Kowashi INOUE and Aritomo YAMAGATA.
- また、薩摩藩による琉球王国制圧が起こり、王国は事実上幕藩体制の支配下へと組み込まれた。
- The subjugation of the Ryukyu Kingdom by Satsuma Province also took place, putting it under the virtual control of the shogunate system.
- 事態の急変に対して山縣は、内閣と陸軍を調停する優詔を起案したが桂により握りつぶされる。
- Seeing a sudden turn of the political situation, Yamagata prepared a draft of an imperial edict to mediate an accord between the Saionji Cabinet and the Japanese Army, but Katsura crushed the draft.
- これを受けて下関戦争や薩英戦争が起き、日本国内では外国人襲撃など攘夷運動が荒れ狂った。
- After this Imperial order was issued, the Shimonoseki War and the Kagoshima Bombardment; the Satsuma (Kagoshima)-British War took place, and some foreigners were attacked by Japanese people and the movement to exclusionism was becoming severe in Japan.
- 満雅はこの当時幕府と対立していた鎌倉公方足利持氏と連合し、聖承を推戴して反乱を起こす。
- In cooperation with Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) who had been in conflict with the shogunate in those days, Mitsumasa rose in revolt, being presided by Seisho.
- この措置に今度は嵯峨は反発し、平城と嵯峨の武力衝突が起こり嵯峨が勝利した(薬子の変)。
- Because of this arrangement, there was an armed dispute between Emperor Heizei and Emperor Saga, and Emperor Saga won (The Kusuko Incident).
- 民間の憲法案も多数発表されたが、憲法起草の中心になった伊藤博文は以下のように述べている。
- Many common people published their own ideas for a constitution, but Hirobumi ITO who was a leading editor of the draft mentioned about them as follows;
- 大伴氏はこの政策に不満を持っており、指揮していた藤原種継を暗殺する事件を起こしてしまう。
- The Otomo clan, displeased by the relocation of the capital, assassinated FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu, who had led the project.
- 25日に赤松教康は幕府軍に夜襲をしかけるが、同士討ちが起きて退却している(庫御所合戦)。
- On 20th, Noriyasu AKAMATSU started a night attack against the army of bakufu but a doshi-uchi (internecine strife) took place and retreated (Kuragosho war).
- 天下統一が如実に表れているのが、天正19年(1591年)に起こった九戸政実の乱であろう。
- Kunohe-masazane-no-ran (the Rebellion of Masazane KUNOHE), which occurred in 1591, proved Hideyoshi's unification.
- 中国における印章の歴史は古く、確実には戦国時代 (中国)までその起源を遡ることができる。
- Seals in China has a long history and its origin can date back to the Warring States Period.
- 湯起請(ゆきしょう)とは、主に裁判の際に、二人の内どちらの主張が正しいかを審理する方法。
- Yugisho is a method that was mainly used in trials to judge which of the two claimants involved had a just claim.
- 天平宝字8年(764年)、仲麻呂は乱を起こして敗れ、その一族は滅んだ(藤原仲麻呂の乱)。
- In 764, Nakamaro lost a coup (the Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro) that he started and his clan perished.
- 陰陽道を始源とするとも、中国起源を持つとも言われるが両者共に明確な経緯を示す資料は無い。
- There are different theories that it originated in the Way of Yin and Yang or it came from China, but there are no written materials to show the exact history of how it started.
- 高麗尺は現在の曲尺で1.1736尺であり、鯨尺よりむしろ呉服尺の起源であるとする説もある。
- Since 1 koma-jaku was equivalent of 1.1736 shaku in the present kane-jaku, a theory suggests the koma-jaku is the origin of the gofuku-jaku, rather than the kujira-jaku.
- 押勝はこれを除くために764年(天平宝字8年)に反乱を起こして敗死した(藤原仲麻呂の乱)。
- Oshikatsu initiated a revolt to remove Dokyo in 764 but was defeated and died.
- 豊臣方では、4月9日 (旧暦)に交渉にあたっていた大野治長が城内で襲撃される事件が起こる。
- On the other hand, the Toyotomi side had an incident that Harunaga ONO, the negotiator was attacked in the castle on April 9 (the old calendar).
- 特に、日本統治時代最大規模の武力蜂起である霧社事件の際は、鎮圧への毒ガス使用が検討された。
- Especially at the time of Wushe Incident, the largest scale armed uprising under the Japanese rule, the use of poison gas was considered to put it down.
- これには管領・細川持之も怒り、数日たってようやく持豊が陳謝するという事件がを起こっている。
- There was such an incident that Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA, kanrei, got angry at these conducts and several days later, Mochitoyo finally expressed an apology.
- 分家が広がり、それぞれの地の開拓を行い、それぞれが郎党を養い、事が起きれば一族が結集する。
- The branch family spread to cultivate their own estate, raised retainers, and the clan gathered when an incident happened.
- 中世の被差別民や近現代日本の被差別部落の直接的な起源であるとする説が存在するが議論がある。
- There is a theory that the origin of discrimination during the medieval period, as well as those living in special hamlets in modern Japan, lies in goshiki no sen; however, this fact is often debated.
- 河内源氏の本拠地の河内国ではなく坂東を地盤とした義朝は勢力回復を企てて平治の乱を起こした。
- Yoshitomo, based in Bando not in Kawachi Province that was the stronghold of Kawachi-Genji, started the Heiji War in a bid to regain power.
- 6月22日午後(時刻は資料により異なる)、歓迎会は発起人の石川による開会の辞から始まった。
- On the afternoon of June 22 (the time varies according to materials), the celebration was started by an opening speech of ISHIKAWA, the originator.
- 居留地周辺は、幕末には攘夷浪人も出没して外国人殺傷事件がしばしば起こる物騒な地域であった。
- The area around foreign settlements had become quite dangerous due to the fact that ronin (masterless samurai) supporting the joi (expulsion of foreigners) doctrine began to congregate near the settlements at the end of Edo period, and as a result, incidents in which foreigners were stabbed to death became quite frequent.
- また7786名が起訴され、第一審での無期懲役が12名、10年以上の有期刑が59名を数えた。
- Moreover, among 7,786 people who were charged, 12 people were sentenced to life in prison in the first instance and 59 people were sentenced to imprisonment for more than 10 years.
- しかし将軍上洛までに何らかの行動を起こさなければ将軍が矢面に立たされることとなってしまう。
- However, if he didn't do anything by the time the Shogun arrived at Kyoto, the Shogun would not be able to escape criticism.
- 京都では、征夷大将軍・足利義輝が三好長慶、松永久秀と対立し近江国朽木谷へ逃れる事件が起きた。
- In Kyoto, Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who was to subdue the barbarians') confronted Nagayoshi MIYOSHI and Hisahide MATSUNAGA, and fled to Kutsuki-dani, Omi Province.
- 1923年9月1日に起きた関東大震災の2日後、戒厳令下に朝鮮民族が民衆によって私刑を受けた。
- Two days after the Great Kanto Earthquake of September 1, 1923, a series of lynching of Korean people by Japanese nationals occurred under martial law.
- 幕府方の動員した兵力は約20万に上り、この大軍が大坂に集結したため少なからず混乱が起こった。
- The mass of large forces of bakufu soldiers in Osaka reaching about 200,000 in number brought forth not a few confusions.
- 養和元年(1181年)7月後半頃、加賀・能登で反乱の動きが起こり、それは越前国へと波及した。
- In the latter half of September 1181, a rebellion broke out in Kaga and Noto, and spread to Echizen Province.
- また、荘民が結合して惣村などの村落共同体が形成されて荘園領主側との対立を起こすこともあった。
- Moreover, people living in shoen might be united to create a village community, such as soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association), and confront the lord of the manor's side.
- 御朱印の起源には諸説あるが、元々は寺社に写経を納めた際の受付印であったとする説が有力である。
- Although there are many theories about the origin of goshuin, the most powerful theory is that it was used as a seal of reception when sutra copies were submitted to temples.
- 十五世紀中頃(室町時代)、及川定嗣の子孫は葛西家に対して謀叛を起こしたが、光村がこれを鎮圧。
- In the mid-fifteenth century (the Muromachi period), the offspring of Sadatsugu OIKAWA raised a rebellion against the KASAI clan, but Mitsumura suppressed it.
- 『書紀』がいう天武天皇元年は壬申の乱が起きた年であり、この年の6月から7月に戦いが起こった。
- The first year of Emperor Tenmu in 'Chronicles of Japan' is the year of the Jinshin War that occurred from June to July.
- 1996年、比較文学者の井田進也は文体と語彙による起筆者判定方法(井田メソッド)を開発した。
- In 1996, a scholar of Comparative Literature Shinya IDA developed the decision method of writer by style and lexicon (the Ida Method).
- 大妻女子大学教授の井田進也は井田メソッドを駆使して「脱亜論」関連論説の起稿者の認定を行った。
- Shinya IDA, a professor at the Otsuma Women's University, tried to identify the author of the 'Datsu-A Ron' and other related thesis, using the Ida Method.
- その後も、洋学所、蕃書調所、洋書調所と名を変えて存続し、現在の東京大学の起源の一つとなった。
- From then on, it continued to exist changing names to Yogakusho (Institute of Foreign Study), Bansho shirabesho (barbarian book checking office) and Yosho shirabesho (foreign book checking office), which became one of the origins of the University of Tokyo.
- なお、各地で講和反対の大会が開かれ、神戸(9月7日)、横浜(9月12日)でも暴動が起こった。
- For your information, this kind of rally calling for abrogating the peace treaty took place in various places, and a revolt occurred in Kobe on September 7 and in Yokohama on September 12 as well.
- また、大宰府に転任した藤原広嗣が、首都から遠ざけられたことを恨んで740年に反乱を起こした。
- In addition, FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu, who was transferred to Dazai-fu, held a grudge from being displaced from the capital and rose in revolt in 740.
- その一方で、湯起請は地域においては湯立の風習に変化して各種神事に取り入れられるようになった。
- On the other hand, in some regions yugisho changed into a custom of yudate and became part of various Shinto rituals.
- 孝謙天皇・道鏡と対立した太帥(太政大臣)・藤原仲麻呂(恵美押勝)が乱を起こして、滅ぼされた。
- Daijo-daijin (grand minister of state) FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (also called EMI no Oshikatsu) conflicted with Empress Koken and Dokyo, rebelled against them, but was eventually defeated.
- 明治初頭、日本政府は近代化に必要な都市を築くため、西洋建築の技術を得ようと躍起になっていた。
- In the early Meiji period, the Japanese government was making desperate attempts to acquire Western architectural technologies in order to develop the cities required to modernize the country.
- 『礒貝富森両人覚書』も、邸内ではたびたび戦闘が起きたが、長屋の侍は出てこなかったとしている。
- It is also described in 'Isogai Tomimori Ryonin Oboegaki' that although much fighting took place in the residence, no single samurai came out of their long house.
- また、栄仁親王は、琵琶、笙、和歌など諸芸能に堪能で、伏見宮家が楽道を家業とする起源を作った。
- He had many talents in art such as Biwa (a four-stringed Japanese lute), a sho (a wind instrument composed of a mouthpiece and seventeen bamboo pipes of various lengths), waka poems, and established the origin for the Fushiminomiyha family to start music as their family business.
- 日本画(障壁画):狩野派(狩野探幽)、琳派(俵屋宗達、尾形光琳)、酒井抱一、土佐派(土佐光起)
- Japanese-style painting (pictures on partitions): Kano school (Tanyu KANO), Rinpa school (Sotatsu TAWARAYA and Korin OGATA), Hoitsu SAKAI, and Tosa school (Mitsuki TOSA)
- また「群盗蜂起」も多発し、関東では寛平・延喜東国の乱、僦馬の党(しゅうばのとう)が有名である。
- In addition, an 'increase in robberies' occurred frequently and Kanbyo-Engi-Togoku-no-ran (Disturbance by robberies in Togoku during the period between Kanbyo and Engi) and Shuba Party in the Kanto region (area around Tokyo Prefecture) were famous.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)以降、土地を与えられ自立する下人が現れるなど身分環境に変動が起こってくる。
- Since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan), their circumstances of social statuses had begun to change and, for example, some of the genin became independent based on the lands they were given.
- また、苗字帯刀を許されていない庶民が藩に苗字を巡る訴訟を起こして藩が裁決を下している例もある。
- There were some instances in which an ordinary person brought a suit to the domain concerning his or her family name and the domain passed a verdict.
- 凶事が起こった際には死者のたたりと考えて寮の役人を不遇であった皇族の陵墓に送ってこれを慰めた。
- When misfortunes took place, they were regarded as a curse of the dead, and officers of Ryo were sent to the mausoleum of the unfortunate imperial family and consoled the spirit.
- そのことなどから、宝亀年代初期には奥羽北部の蝦夷が蜂起していたとうかがえるとする研究者もいる。
- Judging from this fact, some researchers insist that the Emishi/Ezo seem to have already risen in revolt in the northern part of the Ou Region (Mutsu and Dewa provinces) in the early Hoki era (770-789) under the reign of Emperor Konin.
- 島田らが大久保暗殺時に持参していた斬奸状は4月下旬に島田から依頼されて陸が起草したものである。
- The zankanjo carried by Shimada and others when they assassinated Okubo was drafted by Kuga according to Shimada's request at the end of April.
- 一方で、宋銭の大量流入による物価高騰や、唐朝滅亡以来の異国に対する社会不安なども起こっている。
- On the other hand, such measures caused price increase by the huge influx of Sung currency and social anxiety against foreign countries since the fall of Tang Dynasty.
- 編年体(へんねんたい)とは歴史の記述法の一つで、起こった出来事を年代順に記してゆく方法を指す。
- 'Hennentai' is one of descriptive methods of history, whereby historical affairs are described in chronological order.
- ただし、一部の条里遺構には条里呼称法確立以前にまでその起源をさかのぼると考えられるものもある。
- However, origin of some jori remains are thought to date back before establishment of jori naming system.
- この飢饉は、全国的にも影響を及ぼし、但馬国出石藩では農民による打ちこわしが起き米価は騰貴した。
- This famine affected the entire country and the increase in rice prices lead to destructive urban riots by farmers in Izushi Domain, Tajima Province.
- なお、秩父事件の指導部は蜂起時点ではこの自由党解党の情報を認知していなかったと考えられている。
- It is assumed that the leaders of Chichibu Incident had not got information on the dissolution of the Liberal Party at the time of the uprising.
- いずれにせよ、村岡説は学会や世間に反響を起こすこともなく、戦前は完全に忘れられた存在であった。
- In any case, MURAOKA's theory was not given much credit from academics or the public, and was therefore forgotten by people before the war.
- しかし、1657年に明暦の大火が起こると江戸の町は大部分が焼亡し、江戸城天守も炎上してしまった。
- However, most of the city including the tenshu (tower) of Edo Castle was destroyed during the Great Fire of Meireki in 1657.
- これらについては、新井によって登用された萩原美雅を吉宗が再び起用していることからも明らかである。
- This is obvious from the fact that Yoshimune appointed Yoshimasa HAGIWARA again who was first appointed by Arai.
- 2月19日、熊本鎮台が守る熊本城内で火災が起こり、烈風の中、火は櫓に延焼し、天守までも焼失した。
- On February 19, Kumamoto Castle guarded by Kumamoto Garrison had a fire, which spread to the keep in a violent wind and also burned down the donjon.
- しかし、いずれにしても日本側の感情を逆撫でする効果は十分にあり、「征韓論」が巻き起こるに至った。
- However, these Toraifu's dealings had enough effect to stroke Japan's fur the wrong way, and it brought 'Seikanron' (insistence on making Korea open to the world by military power) in Japan.
- これに反対する勢力は反乱を起こし、モンゴルにより鎮圧されるが、一部はなお激しい抵抗を続けていた。
- People objecting to it raised a rebellion, which was subdued by the Mongol, but some of them still continued fierce resistance.
- 勘文中に「熊野権現垂迹縁起」(くまのごんげんすいじゃくえんぎ)が引用されていることでも知られる。
- It is known by the fact that 'Kumano Gongen Suijaku Engi' was cited in its text.
- しかし、やがて阿蘇氏は惟歳・阿蘇惟家 父子と惟忠・阿蘇惟憲父子の間で当主の座を巡る争いが起こる。
- Later on, however, a fight over the position of the head of the clan started with Koretoshi ASO and his son Koreie opposing Koretada ASO and his son Korenori.
- 嵯峨上皇による大家父長的支配のもと30年近く政治は安定し、皇位継承に関する紛争は起こらなかった。
- Under the great patriarchal authority-styled command executed by the Retired Emperor Saga, politics enjoyed steadiness for nearly 30 years without dispute concerning the Imperial succession.
- (旧法よりも、新法である治安警察法のほうが最高刑が軽いため、新法での起訴となったという説もある。
- (Some researchers say the new law was adopted because the maximum sentence is lighter in a new law than an older law.
- 平将門の子孫に当たる平忠常が乱を起こし、朝廷は討伐軍を派遣するが3年にわたって鎮圧できなかった。
- TAIRA no Tadatsune who was a descendant of TAIRA no Masakado raised a revolt and the Imperial Court dispatched a punitive force, but they could not suppress it for over three years.
- 平忠常の乱(たいらのただつねのらん)は平安時代に房総半島(上総国、下総国、安房国)で起きた反乱。
- The revolt of TAIRA no Tadatsune occurred in the Boso peninsula (Kazusa, Shimousa, Awa Provinces) in the Heian period.
- だが、前述の上平など一部過激派は新政府の近代化政策に反発して横井小楠暗殺事件などを起こしている。
- However, the radicals including the above UEHIRA repelled the modernization policy of the new government, which led to the assassination of Shonan YOKOI.
- 日本と清とが緊張するなか、悪政と外国による侵略を排除すると唱えた農民反乱・甲午農民戦争が起きた。
- While tension arose between Japan and Qing, a peasant rebellion, the Donghak Peasant Revolution occurred, calling for the removal of the misrule and foreign invasion.
- 平禅門の乱(へいぜんもんのらん)は、鎌倉時代の1293年(永仁元年)に鎌倉で起こった政変である。
- The Heizenmon Incident refers to the coup which took place in Kamakura in 1293 during the Kamakura period.
- 2003年(平成15年)、有栖川宮家の末裔(宣仁親王御落胤)と自称する者による詐欺事件が起きた。
- In 2003, a person named as a descendant of the Arisugawa no miya family (an illegitimate child of Prince Nobuhito) committed fraud.
- また卑弥呼の没後、男王が立ったが再度争乱が起こり、卑弥呼の宗女台与が王位について争乱は収まった。
- After Himiko died, although a new male king succeeded to the throne, fighting broke out again, after Toyo, a woman from the same family as Himiko, was decided to become Queen, the fighting ended.
- そのため、戦時中に増税による耐乏生活を強いられてきた日本国民が日比谷焼打事件などの暴動を起こした。
- The failure led to riots, such as Hibiya Incendiary Incident, by some Japanese nationals who had endured severe suppression and poverty due to increasing taxes during the war time.
- ある武士と主君の関係を結んでいる家臣の武士が、主君の武士に反抗することが起こり、これを謀反と呼ぶ。
- So people started to call a rebellion by a vassal samurai against his lord 'muhon'.
- さらに、橘高章と安本美典は、247年3月24日夕方にも北部九州で皆既日食が起こったことを指摘した。
- Moreover, Akira KITTAKA and Biten YASUMOTO pointed out that a total eclipse of the sun also occurred on the evening of March 24, 247, once again in northern Kyushu.
- 島津久光は江戸から薩摩への帰路、生麦事件を引き起こし、翌年薩英戦争で攘夷の無謀さを悟ることになる。
- Hisamitsu SHIMAZU provoked the Namamugi Incident on the way back to Satsuma from Edo, and realized the rashnesness of exclusionist policy from the defeat of the Anglo-Satsuma War the follwing year.
- ここは、引越し、旅行など移動に際して、災いが起こらないように「方角除け」の御祈祷を行う神社である。
- This is the shrine where priests pray for 'protection from unlucky or taboo directions' to avoid those evil things when moving one's residence or leaving on journeys.
- 細川藤孝は織田信長に対して「村重に反意あり」と謀反三か条なるもの織田信長に差出、注意喚起していた。
- Fujitaka HOSOKAWA had submitted to Nobunaga ODA a document called bohan sankajo (literally, three sentences proving rebellion) telling as 'Murashige has an intention to raise rebellion' to warn Nobunaga ODA.
- 慶長19年(1614年)12月、大坂冬の陣に乗じて奥熊野の地侍・山伏らが蜂起し、新宮城を攻撃した。
- In December, 1614, jizamurai, yamabushi (a mountain priest) and others at Okukumano started a riot, seizing the opportunity of Osaka Fuyu no Jin (Winter Siege of Osaka), and attacked the Shingu-jo Castle.
- 1869年(明治2年)から1807年にかけて、隊士の一部が脱退騒動を起こして山口県庁舎を包囲した。
- From 1869 through 1807 a part of officers caused a trouble trying to withdraw from Kiheitai Army besieging government building of Yamaguchi Prefecture.
- 閏4月18日深夜より3夜連続して、鎌倉市中に甲冑をつけた武士が群集し、流言が乱れ飛ぶ事件が起きる。
- An incident occurred in which for three nights in a row from the midnight of June 10, armored samurai assembled in groups in the city of Kamakura, and rumors were circulated.
- 第5回押出しは、それまでの雲龍寺ではなく、埼玉県利島村(現北川辺町)の養性寺を起点として行われた。
- Peasants started for the fifth demonstration not from formerly-used Unryu-ji Temple but from Yosei-ji Temple in Toshima Village, Saitama Prefecture (the present Kitakawabe Town.)
- やがて19世紀にはいると阿片戦争が起こり、敗北した清朝はイギリスなどと片務的な不平等条約を結んだ。
- The Opium War occurred in the 19th century, and the Qing dynasty concluded an unilateral and unequal treaty after its defeat.
- 牧氏事件(まきしじけん)とは、鎌倉時代初期、元久2年(1205年)閏7月に起こった鎌倉幕府の政変。
- The Makishi Incident refers to a coup that took place in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in August, 1205 in the early Kamakura period.
- これに対して、伊藤以外の憲法起草のメンバーである井上毅・伊東巳代治・金子堅太郎らは批判的であった。
- Other members who were involved in drafting of the Constitution, namely Kowashi INOUE, Miyoji ITO, and Kentaro KANEKO, were critical of transcendentalism.
- この背景には儒教よりも老荘の老荘思想が興起しており文人に大いに影響を与えていたとみることができる。
- It can be said that this was because the thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi were more influential than Confucianism at the time and gave great impact on Bunjin.
- 受容される場合には、中国側の心理的抵抗が少ないように受容対象の発生起源の偽装が施されることが多い。
- In the case where such concept was accepted, it was often disguised with respect to its origin of the object of acceptance so that mental resistance could be reduced on Chinese side.
- そのため、鎌倉側の勝利は必ずしも源義経の将としての能力などだけに起因しているのではないとしている。
- In consideration, it was not necessary to think that the talents of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune as the commander was the sole cause in the victory of the Kamakura (Minamoto) side.
- この研究記事がきっかけとなり、棚田嘉十郎・溝辺文四郎らが中心となり平城宮跡の保存の運動が起こった。
- This study article brought a movement of preserving the Heijo-kyu Palace Site that was mainly directed by Kajuro TANADA, Bunshiro MIZOBE, and others.
- 現地の住民との大小の衝突、時には反乱を起こされながらも、着実に支配を固め、社会基盤を築いていった。
- Japan built the bases of a society, steadily cementing its grip while dealing with various levels of conflicts with local residents or sometimes being rebelled against.
- この頃から藩内ではたびたび大洪水が起こって収入が激減し、それによって藩財政は次第に悪化していった。
- An income drastically decreased due to frequent occurrence of great floods within the domain from around this time, and as a result, the finance of the clan became worse gradually.
- 現存するものとしては法隆寺の西院伽藍、法起寺三重塔(ともに奈良県生駒郡斑鳩町)が最古のものである。
- The oldest temples that exist in their original structure are Saiin Garan (Western Precinct Complex consisting of Naka-mon Gate, Five-Story Pagoda, Kon-do Hall, Dai-Ko-do Hall, etc.) of Horyu-ji Temple and the Three-Story Pagoda of Hokki-ji Temple (both located in Ikaruga-cho, Ikoma-gun, Nara Prefecture).
- しばしば、湯飲みなどに「春夏 二升五合 冬」と書いて、「商い(秋無い)益々繁盛」の縁起物とされる。
- On a teacup or something, they often write 'spring, summer, 2 masu 5 go, and winter' (no autumn), and these words read as 'akinai masu masu hanjo' (means 'business prospers more and more'), and the thing with these words is regarded as a good luck charm.
- 8代九鬼隆邑の安永9年(1780年)には増税により一揆が起こり、城下の商家数件が打ち壊しに遭った。
- In 1780 in the era of Takamura KUKI the eighth, an uprising broke out due to a tax increase, and several mercantile houses in the castle town were torn down by Uchikowashi (an act where people destroyed residences of privileged merchants or officials who were involved in misgovernment).
- そのため朝鮮人ともめ事を起こすことになっていくが、当然、対馬商人たちは日本側が引き取り裁判を行った。
- The merchants in Tsushima began to cause troubles with Korean people, but naturally they were taken in and tried by the Japanese court.
- こうした武力蜂起は日本警察や軍隊により悉く鎮圧され蜂起に参加した者の多くは逮捕、もしくは殺害された。
- The armed uprisings were all suppressed by the Japanese police or army, and many participants in these uprisings were arrested or killed.
- 信貴山縁起(しぎさんえんぎ)は、平安時代末期の絵巻物で、2006年現在、日本の国宝に指定されている。
- Shigisan Engi (Legends of Mt. Shigi) is a set of picture scrolls made in the late Heian period, and was designated as a national treasure in 2006.
- ただし、水野の腹心・鳥居燿蔵は蘭学を嫌い、蛮社の獄を起こした人物でもあり、政権内で不協和音となった。
- But Yozo TORII, the vassal trusted most by Mizuno, hated Western learning and carried out 'Bansha no Goku' (Imprisonment of scholars of Western learning), which caused discord within the administration.
- コスチョンキ出土資料は製作時に磨いたのか使用痕によるものなのかをめぐって日本国内でも論争が起こった。
- The artifacts unearthed in Kostenki caused a debate in Japan as well as to whether the shape of the artifacts had been deliberately formed by grinding in a production process or it was a result of abrasion caused by use.
- 当時の新聞報道にも、日露戦争を起こすことで収益が上がると軍事行動を支援するような論説が多々見られた。
- In the newspapers of the times, there were a lot of articles likely supporting the military action, telling that the Russo-Japanese War could increase the income.
- 家老は、特別な大藩を除き2人から数人程度、置かれたが、政治改革や世継ぎ問題に絡んで派閥抗争が起きた。
- Even though with two or more Karo officers were installed, except in especially large domains, factional strife still occurred in relation to political reforms and succession issues.
- 旧国名は歴史と伝統のイメージを備えているので、観光宣伝や郷土愛を喚起する場面で用いられることがある。
- Sometimes the old provincial names are used for advertizing a place as the sightseeing spot or for stirring love for one's home district as the old provincial names carries with them the images of history and tradition.
- それでも小判の流出は短期間の間に多額に上り国内の深刻な金貨の不足を起こすような危機には違いなかった。
- Nevertheless, so large a quantity of koban was taken out of Japan in so short a time that there was a serious shortage of gold coins in Japan.
- ただし、第二次憲政擁護運動は第一次のように暴動が起こることもなく、それほど盛り上がることもなかった。
- Unlike the first Kensei Yogo Undo, the second campaign was lacking in enthusiasm, involving no riots.
- なお、当事者の一方が湯起請の呼び出しに3回応じない場合には、「召文違背」を理由とした敗訴が確定した。
- If one of the parties concerned did not respond to the call for yugisho three times, it would become definite that the party lost the suit due to 'disobedience to summons.'
- 二つの乱は、ほぼ同時期に起きたことから将門と純友が共謀して乱を起こしたと当時では噂され、恐れられた。
- People suspected that the wars of Masakado and Sumitomo which occurred around the same time were a conspiracy, and it scared them.
- 大正デモクラシーの時代には、貴族院に対する改革・廃止論議が起こり、加藤高明内閣は若干の改正を行った。
- In the Taisho Democracy period, there was a debate about reforming or abolishing the Kizokuin, so Takaaki KATO's Cabinet made some amendments.
- そのため、義朝は河内源氏の勢力回復をはかり、藤原信頼と手を結んで後白河天皇を幽閉、平治の乱を起こす。
- Accordingly, Yoshitomo, in an attempt to recover the power of Kawachi-Genji, formed an alliance with FUJIWARA no Nobuyori to confine Emperor Goshirakawa and began the Heiji War.
- 清和源氏の起源は、清和天皇の第六皇子貞純親王の子である源経基が臣籍降下により源姓を賜ったことに遡る。
- The origin of Seiwa-Genji is that MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto, the son of the sixth Prince Sadazumi of Emperor Seiwa, was given the family name of Minamoto in demotion from nobility to subject.
- 元弘元年(1331年)、後醍醐が2度目の鎌倉幕府討幕運動である元弘の変を起こすと、還俗して参戦する。
- When Godaigo initiated the Genko Incident which was the second movement to topple the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in 1331, he quit the priesthood and joined the war.
- 平治元年(1159年)12月平治の乱が起こると、二条は反乱軍に幽閉されるが清盛の六波羅邸へ避難する。
- In December 1159 there was a Heiji War and Emperor Nijo was confined by the oppositions, but he escaped to TAIRA no Kiyomori's Rokuhara tei (TAIRA clan's villa located between Gojo and Shichijo, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto city).
- 1894年10月9日全琫準を指導者とする東学農民軍が侵入した日本軍を秀吉軍の再来と受け止め再蜂起した。
- On October 9, 1894, armed peasants in Tonghak led by Jeon Bong Jun regarded the invading Japanese troops as the second army of Hideyoshi and rose against it.
- また、劇的な例では旧有馬晴信領で起こった島原の乱という大規模な一揆の際に殺害され、表から消えていった。
- Yet many Christians were to suffer a far more dramatic end, vanishing from the scene after being slaughtered during the Shimabara Rebellion, a large-scale uprising which occurred in the former territory of Harunobu ARIMA.
- 5月6日 (旧暦)、大和路から大坂城に向かう幕府軍35,000を豊臣勢が迎撃した道明寺の戦いが起こる。
- On May 6 (the old calendar) Battle of Domyoji took place when the Toyotomi forces lay in the bakufu army of 35,000 soldiers that were moving toward Osaka-jo Castle.
- 更にこうした差別や、経済的・政治的格差に対する反発から、植民地統治に反抗する武力蜂起も数多く起こった。
- This discrimination as well as economic and political gaps caused many armed uprisings to occur against colonial rule by Japan.
- 8月3日、事態を重く見た源頼朝は、蜂起した平氏勢力の中の最有力人物である平信兼の捜索を源義経に命じる。
- On September 16, taking the matter seriously, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo ordered MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune to find TAIRA no Nobukane, who was the dominant figure of the Taira clan.
- そして、本所側(公家の家司・政所や寺院の三綱など)と起請文・請文などを交わした荘官によって実施された。
- It was enforced by shokan (an officer governing Shoen), who exchanged kishomon (sworn oath) and ukebumi (the reply) with the Honjo's side including Kuge, such as Keishi (household superintendent) and Mandokoro (Administrative Board), and temples, such as Sango (three monastic positions with management roles at a temple).
- あるいは、現代において過去のそれを起源とした町で、特に当時の情緒を色濃く残した町・町並みのことである。
- Alternatively, it meant towns and the rows of houses and buildings in present day Japan that originated under the aforementioned historical factors, and especially those that have conserved the atmosphere of those days.
- しかし、改易によって大量の浪人が生じて社会不安につながり、浪人による反乱未遂事件(慶安の変)が起きた。
- Meanwhile, however, there were many ronin because of kaieki, and this caused social unrest to grow and finally resulted in a rebellion (Keian Incident).
- 承和の変(じょうわのへん)は平安時代初期に起きた藤原氏による最初の他氏排斥事件とされている事件である。
- The Jowa Incident is believed to be the first incident to expulse other clans from the Imperial Court plotted by the Fujiwara clan in the early Heian period.
- 5年10月 (旧暦)(紀元前25年)、皇后の兄狭穂彦(さほびこ)が叛乱を起こし、皇后は兄に従って焼死。
- In November, 25 B.C., a brother of the empress, Sahobiko, rebelled and the empress was burned to death for having obeyed her brother.
- 『日本書紀』、『古事記』に見える事績は総じて起源譚の性格が強く、その史実性については多分に疑問である。
- Many of the accounts in 'Nihon Shoki' (The Chronicles of Japan) and 'Kojiki' are stories created to explain the origin of things and it is highly doubtful whether or not they are descriptions of facts.
- 大井憲太郎や内藤魯一など自由党急進派は政府の厳しい弾圧にテロや蜂起も辞さない過激な戦術をも検討していた。
- The radicals of the Liberal Party, including Kentaro OI and Roichi NAITO, were forming drastic measures against the government's oppressive measures and ready to go to the length of resorting to violence if necessary.
- 再起を図っていた足利義澄・細川澄元は永正6年(1509年)に復権を図ったものの敗れている如意ケ嶽の戦い。
- Although Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA and Sumimoto HOSOKAWA aimed at rehabilitation, they were defeated at the Battle of Nyoigatake in 1509.
- 領主がこうした事案(所務沙汰)について幕府へ訴訟を起こした場合、領主側が勝訴する事案が多く見受けられた。
- In the event that the lords of shoen brought up litigations to the bakufu in connection with such disputes (shomusata), they often won the case.
- その後、武士の起源に関する研究は、職能論などが議論の中心となり、国衙軍制論は半ば忘れられた状態となった。
- After that, research about the origin of samurai was conducted centered on job-function-based theories, and theories based on the kokuga forces system were almost forgotten.
- 起源は平安時代にあって、鎌倉時代、室町時代、豊臣時代にも用いられたが、広く用いられたのは江戸時代である。
- The origin of jomen ho originated in the Heian period and it was also used in the Kamakura period, Muromachi period and the Toyotomi period, but it was widely used in the Edo period.
- 梅北一揆(うめきたいっき)とは、文禄元年(1592年)6月に、島津氏家臣・梅北国兼が起こした一揆である。
- Umekita ikki (Umekita Uprising) is an uprising instigated by Kunikane UMEKITA, a vassal of the Shimazu clan in July 1592.
- 天文 (日本)9年(1540年)、安芸国で勢力を拡大していた毛利元就を征伐するため尼子氏は軍を起こした。
- In 1540, the Amago clan raised an army to defeat Motonari MORI, who had expanded the sphere of influence in Aki Province.
- 山頂の天守に信長が起居、その家族も本丸付近で生活し、家臣は山腹あるいは城下の屋敷に居住していたとされる。
- It is believed that Nobunaga lived in the castle tower constructed on the top of the mountain, his family lived in the vicinity of the Hon-maru, and his vassals lived in residences constructed on the mountainside or in the town developed around the castle.
- 義家死後、義忠暗殺事件を経て、河内源氏を継いだ為義の時に保元の乱が起こり一族が敵味方に分かれて参加する。
- After the death of Yoshiie followed by the assassination of Yoshitada, Hogen War broke out in the period of Tameyoshi who succeeded Kawachi-Genji, and the clan was divided against itself.
- 実は、検察側が前橋地方裁判所に提出した最初の起訴状そのものも代筆で、そもそも裁判は最初から無効であった。
- The case had been found null and void right from the beginning because the first indictment submitted to the Maebashi District Court had been written by someone else and not by the prosecutors themselves.
- 井田メソッドとは、無署名文において使用される語彙や言い回しの特徴を分析して起稿者の認定を行う方法である。
- The Ida Method is a way to identify the author by analyzing the pattern of word choices and the usages in anonymous written works.
- 斬奸状を起草した陸や、島田に頼まれ斬奸状を各新聞社に投稿した者(しかし各紙に黙殺されて掲載されなかった。
- The police arrested 30 people including Kuga who drafted the zankanjo, those who send the zankanjo to each newspaper companies by Shimada's request (though it was not published.
- 真土事件(しんどじけん)は1878年(明治11年)、神奈川県大住郡真土村(現平塚市)に起こった農民暴動。
- The Shindo incident is a peasants' revolt that took place in Shindo Village (present-day Hiratsuka City), Osumi County, Kanagawa Prefecture in 1878.
- これは日露以外の各国は、それぞれが抱える諸問題のため多くの兵力を中国に送る余裕が無かったことに起因する。
- This was because nations other than Japan and Russia could not dispatch many military forces to China as they had their own various problems.
- だが、時代が下るにつれて院の近臣間でも権力闘争が起こり、1159年(平治元年)の平治の乱の一因となった。
- However, as times went by, strife over authority arose among In no Kinshin, which was one of the causes of the Heiji War in 1159.
- 実際にこれが「反乱行為」と見なされるのは、天慶2年に将門・純友が相次いで起こした国司襲撃以後の事である。
- It was not until after 939, after Masakado and Sumitomo made a series of attacks against provincial governors, that their actions were recognized as acts of rebellion.
- 同年8月、良兼はまたも軍を起こして、下総国と常陸国の境の子飼(小貝・蚕養(こかい))の渡しに押し寄せた。
- In August of that same year, Yoshikane gathered an army again and rushed to Kokai no Watashi on the border of Shimousa and Hitachi Provinces.
- 萩の乱(はぎのらん)は、1876年(明治9)に山口県萩市で起こった明治政府に対する士族反乱の一つである。
- Hagi-no-ran War (turmoil of dissatisfied warriors at Hagi) was one of Shizoku no hanrans (rebellion by family or person with samurai ancestors) against Meiji government broke out in Hagi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture in 1876.
- 正応3年(1290年)に浅原為頼による伏見暗殺未遂事件が起こると、黒幕と疑われた亀山の地位は急速に低下。
- When an assassination attempt on Fushimi by Tameyori ASAHARA occurred in 1290, Kameyama, who was a suspected mastermind, rapidly lost his position.
- このプロセスにおいて、金利上昇時に国外からの資本流入が起きると、設備投資は減少せず、経常収支も均衡しない。
- In the course of this process, if the foreign capital flows into the domestic market while interest rates are rising, capital investment will not be reduced and current account imbalance will continue.
- 三権分立の理念は多くの人に理解されながらも、のちに大逆事件のような司法権の侵害が起きるのはそのためである。
- The idea of separation of powers was common in Japanese people, but its ambiguity triggered some cases of infringement of judicial power such as the High Treason Incident.
- しかし1927年、左派が協会の主導権を握ると右派の離脱を惹起し、台湾における社会運動は分裂することになる。
- In 1927, however, the left wing took control of the association and the right wing withdrew from the association, which incident resulted in a split of the social movement in Taiwan.
- この書簡には士族の反乱を愉快に思う西郷の心情の外に「起つと決した時には天下を驚かす」との意も書かれていた。
- In the letter, SAIGO expressed his delighted feelings about the rebellions of warrior class together with his own will as 'once I will decide to raise the army, I will surprise the whole world.'
- それは平安時代から鎌倉時代のように、戦乱は限られた地方で一瞬起こるものから、全国的、かつ常態となったこと。
- It was because the war spread nationwide and became something of a norm from instantaneous regional events between the Heian to Kamakura periods.
- 又中世の血族意識から起こった風俗であるので、主君のように血縁関係のない者について行われることは少なかった。
- Furthermore, since this custom arose out of the sense of blood ties in the medieval period, it was rarely carried out against someone who had no blood relationship, such as one's lord.
- しかしながら、1970年代末から1980年代にかけて下向井龍彦らによる研究・問題提起が積極的に進められた。
- However, in the period from around the end of the 1970s to 1980s, Tatsuhiko SHIMOMUKAI and others actively promoted research and raised various issues from the latter viewpoint.
- 宮方の敗因は義貞の器量不足というよりも後醍醐の失政に失望した有力武士が尊氏に大挙して付いたことに起因する。
- The cause of defeat of the court's side was the selling out of dominant samurai who were disappointed by misgovernment of Emperor Godaigo to Takauji's side rather than Yoshisada's poor leadership.
- 三浦義明の長男 杉本義宗(椙本とも)が起源で鎌倉の杉本城(現在の杉本寺)を拠点としたことから杉本を称した。
- The family used the name Sugimoto because they originated from Yoshimune SUGIMOTO (also written as 椙本 in Chinese characters) and were based at Sugimoto-jo Castle (the present-day Sugimoto-dera Temple).
- 信長は引き揚げるに当たり、雑賀衆の再起に備えて佐野砦(現泉佐野市)を築かせ、完成後は織田信張を駐留させた。
- When Nobunaga withdrew, he had Sano Fort (Izumisano City at present) built in order to prepare a comeback of Saiga shu and Nobuharu ODA stayed after completion.
- この戦いで紀伊の寺社・国人勢力はほぼ屈服・滅亡させられたが、各地の地侍はその後もしばしば蜂起を繰り返した。
- Most of the temple and kokujin power in Kii Province were yielded or subverted by this battle, but jizamurai in each place often started riots.
- 頼親は大和国の国司となり同国に勢力を拡大、その過程で興福寺などの南都勢力と武力衝突を起こして流罪となった。
- Yorichika became the kokushi (provincial governor) of the Province of Yamato, and extended his power across the Province; during this process he fought against the forces of Nanto (southern capital [Nara]), such as Kofuku-ji Temple, and was exiled.
- その後も大井は自由党再興運動を起こすが実らず、翌1890年に中江兆民らとともに自由党再興を独自に宣言した。
- Nevertheless, Oi launched a restoration campaign of Liberal Party in vain, and in 1890 (the following year), together with Chomin NAKAE and others, he declared the restoration of the Liberal Party on their own.
- このうち13棟は、桜島起源の火山灰桜島桜島の地層に覆われていることから、同じ時に存在したものと推定できる。
- The thirteen out of fourty-six dwellings were covered within the Sakurajima Island's stratum, the volcanic ash originated in Sakurajima Island; therefore, it is assumed that they existed during the same time period.
- 上杉禅秀の乱(うえすぎぜんしゅうのらん)とは、室町時代の1416年(応永23年)に関東地方で起こった戦乱。
- The War of Zenshu UESUGI was the war that broke out in the Kanto region in 1416, the Muromachi period.
- 訳:江戸やその他の所で何か事件などが起こったとしても、国元にいる者はそこを守り、幕府からの命令を待つこと。
- Translation: Even in the case of an incident in Edo or elsewhere, those who are in their Domains must stay there and wait for the bakufu's command.
- 671年に天智天皇が死去すると、天智天皇の子の弘文天皇と弟の大海人皇子が争い、672年に壬申の乱が起こる。
- When Emperor Tenchi passed away in 671, his son Emperor Kobun and his younger brother Prince Oama fought, and the Jinshin War broke out in 672.
- また、新しい県令などの上層部には旧藩とは縁のない人物を任命するためにその県の出身者を起用しない方針を採った。
- In order to appoint persons who had no relation with a former domain to a senior post such as kenrei, a policy to not appoint those that hailed from prefecture in question was adopted.
- 660年(斉明天皇6年)、新羅よりの救援要請を受けて唐が軍を起こし、同年に唐・新羅連合軍によって百済が滅亡。
- In 660, the Tang Dynasty mobilized their army as Silla requested their assistance, and in the same year Kudara was destroyed by the allied forces of Tang and Silla.
- 卑弥呼の死については年の記載はなく、その後も年の記載がないまま、1年に起こったとは考えにくい量の記述がある。
- The year of Himiko's death was not mentioned in the record, and while the surrounding writings are also undated, it is unlikely that all of them occurred in the same year.
- 例えば天保の改革を行った水野忠邦は中国でアヘン戦争が起こると直ちに無二念打ち払い令を撤回させたようにである。
- For example, Tadakuni MIZUNO who performed the Tenpo Reforms immediately ordered the withdrawal of the edict to repel foreign vessels when the Opium War occurred in China.
- 1876年(明治9年)9月6日、明治天皇は、「元老院議長有栖川宮熾仁親王へ国憲起草を命ずるの勅語」を発した。
- On September 6, 1876, the Emperor Meiji issued 'Ordinance to order the Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito to draft a national constitution.'
- 李氏朝鮮との間では国書受け入れを巡って紛争が起こり、1873年政府を二分する論争(いわゆる征韓論)となった。
- The government came into conflict with the Joseon Dynasty of Korea about whether or not they accept the sovereign's message, and then 'Seikanron' (the dispute about conquering Korea by military force) occurred in 1873, dividing the Japanese government.
- しかし支配への抵抗も強く、特に720年には7年前に新設された大隅国の国守陽侯麻呂が殺害される事件が起こった。
- However, resistance against such control was also strong and in 720, YAKO no Maro, the Governor of Osumi Province established seven years previously, was killed.
- 本来、律令の規定によれば、百姓は訴訟権が認められていたが、規定外の機関への訴訟提起(越訴)は禁じられていた。
- Originally under the Ritsuryo codes, farmers had a right of action but were prohibited from bringing a case without going through formalities (a direct appeal to a senior official).
- この時点では川俣事件の時効は完成しておらず、検察側は再び1審から起訴をやり直すこともできたが、行わなかった。
- Since the statute of limitation in the Kawamata Incident was not completed at this point, the prosecution could have brought up the case but they did not.
- 875年に起こった黄巣の乱以降、唐は統一中国を治める能力を失い、各地の地方勢力である藩鎮が自立傾向を示した。
- After the Koso War in 875, Tang lost power to a unified China and Hanchin, local forces in various places showed the independent trends.
- 2人組は起訴され、岡山地方裁判所は1899年2月27日に岩永に死刑、中島に無期徒刑(無期懲役)を言い渡した。
- They were indicted, and the Okayama district court sentenced Iwanaga to capital punishment and Nakajima to life in prison on February 27, 1899.
- 国や地域によって均質・一様でない華夷秩序(の束)に、最終的には取って代わったのが西欧起源の条約体制であった。
- At last, treaty system originated in western countries replaced kaichitsujo (or a batch of such kaichitsujo) that was not homogeneous or uniform depending on country or district.
- 政体書起草者たちは同じ連邦国家でもより中央集権的なアメリカ型を選択し、その際『万国公法』を参照したのである。
- Authors of the Constitution selected centralized government model of the United States from the two options of federal states, and referred to 'Bankoku Koho' at the time.
- それを皮切りに、玉造勢騒動、英国仮公使館襲撃事件、坂下門外の変などを起こし、ここ完全に過激派と化すに至った。
- Following this incident, they brought on Tamatsukuri-sei disturbance, attack on the British provisional legation, and Sakashita mongai Incident
- 悌輔騒動(ていすけ そうどう)とは、1872年(明治5年)4月、新潟県および柏崎県(現新潟県)で起きた一揆。
- Teisuke turmoil was an uprising which broke out in Niigata Prefecture and Kashiwazaki Prefecture (present-day Niigata Prefecture) in April 1872.
- 43年には後南朝勢力が土御門内裏に夜襲をかけ、後花園は逃れるが、三種の神器の一部を奪われる禁闕の変が起こる。
- In 1443, the Second Southern Court forces made a night attack on the Tsuchimikado Palace and Emperor Gohanazono escaped, then the Kinketsu Disturbance occurred and one of three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family was stolen.
- 後鳥羽は鎌倉幕府に移った東国統治権を奪還するべく承久の乱を起こしたが、王朝が幕府に破れるという事態を招いた。
- Emperor Gotoba caused the Jokyu Disturbance in order to take back the right to govern the eastern states from the Kamakura bakufu, however, the result was that the Imperial Palace lost the battle against the Kamakura bakufu.
- 彼らは赤松氏がこれほどの一大事を引き起こした以上は必ず同心する大名がいるに違いないと考え、形勢を見極めていた。
- They thought that the Akamatsu clan set off such a big thing because some daimyos must had helped them and carefully observed subsequent developments.
- この事件が起こった時点では日本共産党は再建されていない(1926年12月の五色温泉での第3回大会により再建)。
- When this affair occurred, the Japanese Communist Party, which reconstituted as a result of the third meeting at Goshiki Onsen Hot Spring in December, 1926, had not yet been reconstituted.
- 鍋山らは公務執行妨害罪、傷害罪、及び治安警察法違反の容疑で起訴され、それぞれ2ヶ月~6ヶ月の禁錮が科せられた。
- Nabeyama and others were indicted on suspicion of obstruction of performance of public duty, inflicting bodily injury and violation of the Public Order and Police Law, and were sentenced to two to six months' imprisonment.
- 須恵器の起源は朝鮮半島(特に、その南部の伽耶)にあり、初期の須恵器は半島のものと区別をつけにくいほど似ている。
- Sueki originated in Korean Peninsula (especially in Kaya which was in the south of the peninsula), and early Sueki looks so similar to the one created in the peninsula that it is hard to distinguish between the two.
- また一町方格に当てはまらない規則的な地割の遺構も確認されており、条里地割の起源についてはなお検討の余地がある。
- In addition, remains of regularly divided chiwari that do not fit in one-cho square are confirmed, so there still is room to study about the origin of jori chiwari.
- 台型のように平たくないため、根菜類などの作物などの山型にすることで掘り起こすことが容易になるものに適用される。
- The flattened area is not so wide as the plateau type, so this mountain type is applied to the root crops and the like, which are easy to dig up for the shape of une.
- 元弘3年(1333年)、後醍醐天皇による鎌倉幕府打倒運動が起きると、鎌倉は足利義詮や新田義貞の攻撃により陥落。
- When a movement to topple the Kamakura bakufu by Emperor Godaigo in 1333 took place, Kamakura fell after attacks by Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA and Yoshisada NITTA.
- 弥生時代後期の2世紀後半、倭国王位の継承をめぐって倭国大乱が起こり、卑弥呼が倭国王となることで争乱が終息した。
- After the latter second century, during the late Yayoi period, there was large scale fighting in Japan due to the succession to the throne of Japan, the fighting ended after Himiko was decided to become the Queen of Japan.
- いずれにしても質量的に額面(寛永通宝100枚分)の価値は全くない貨幣で、経済に混乱を起こし偽造も相次いだという。
- As it was not worth its face value (100 Kanei-tsuho [coins first minted in 1636 of Kanrei era]) at all in terms of weight, it brought about economic confusion and forging became common.
- 1882年7月、旧式軍の兵士と市民が漢城で蜂起して新編成の「別技軍」の日本人教官らを殺害し日本公使館を包囲した。
- In July 1882, the old-fashioned solders and civilians rose up in revolt in Hanseong and killed the Japanese military trainers of the newly formed 'Byeolgigun (a modernized special military force)' and seized the Japanese legation.
- シベリア鉄道の極東地区起工式典に出席するため、ニコライは艦隊を率いてウラジオストクに向かう途中、日本を訪問した。
- To attend the groundbreaking ceremony of the Trans-Siberian Railroad for Far Eastern countries, Nicholas and his Russian fleet made a visit to Japan on the way to Vladivostok.
- これを見た高麗に反乱を起していた三別抄から、共同で元に対抗する軍事的援助を求める使者が来訪したがこれも黙殺した。
- In response to it, Sambyeolcho, which had risen in a rebellion against Goryeo, sent envoys to Japan to ask for military support and cooperation to fight against the Yuan Dynasty, but it was also ignored.
- また、翌月の閏3月3日義久は、都城への通行を遮断し、島津氏家臣へ忠真に味方しないよう家臣から起請文を取っている。
- In the next month, on March 3, Yoshihisa blocked the roads to Miyakojiro and took a sworn oath from the Shimazu clan vassals not to support Tadamasa.
- 河原山城の戦い(かわらやまじょうのたたかい)は天正13年(1585年)7月に伯耆国汗入郡の河原山城で起きた戦い。
- The Battle of Kawarayama-jo Castle is a battle that broke out in Aseri County, Hoki Province in July 1585.
- 治承の大火(じしょうのたいか)は、治承3年3月24日 (旧暦)(1179年5月2日)に平安京内で起こった大火災。
- The Great Fire of Jisho happened within the Heian-kyo on May 9, 1179.
- 天平宝字8年(764年)に藤原仲麻呂が反乱を起こした際には、息子のいる越前国への逃走を防ぐために関が閉じられた。
- In 764, when FUJIWARA no Nakamaro raised a rebellion, the checking station was closed to stop him running away to Echizen Province where his son lived.
- この間、伊達家と上杉家は大規模な軍事衝突こそ起こらなかったものの、国境付近での小競り合いと緊張関係は依然続いた。
- Between these times, any major military clash did not occurred between the Date family and the Uesugi family, but a skirmish and tension still continued around the border.
- 仲麻呂はやむなく子の藤原辛加知が国司になっている越前国に入り再起を図ろうとし、琵琶湖の湖西を越前に向い北進する。
- Nakamaro was forced to head north along the west coast of Lake Biwa for the Echizen Province, where his son FUJIWARA no Shikachi was kokushi, and prepared for a comeback.
- なお益田は挙兵前の10月26日に旧佐賀藩士族の同時決起を求めるため佐賀市へ向かったが、その帰りに逮捕されている。
- Masuda left for Saga City on October 26 before raising the army in order to ask the former Saga Domain warrior class for a simultaneous rally, but he was arrested on his way back.
- 神風連の乱(しんぷうれんのらん)は、1876年(明治9)に熊本市で起こった明治政府に対する士族反乱の一つである。
- The Shimpuren-no-ran War is a revolt by the warrior class against the Meiji Government which took place in Kumamoto City in 1876.
- 歴史学的に証明できる天皇家の起源は、大和王権の支配者・ヤマト大王(大王)が統治していた古墳時代あたりまでである。
- The origin of the Imperial Family that can be proved historically is back around Kofun (tumulus) period when Yamato Daio (Daio) ruled in the Yamato sovereignty.
- 参勤交代制度の目的は、諸大名に出費を強いることでその勢力を削ぎ、謀反などを起こすことを抑止するためだったとされる。
- The sankin-kotai system reportedly aimed to curb daimyo's power for uprisings or rebellious acts by putting financial burdens on them.
- 官軍との戦闘は5月9日に始まったが、5月15日には、破竹隊の赤塚源太郎以下1個中隊が官軍に下るという事件が起きた。
- On May 9, battles with the government army started, and on May 15, the incident occurred in which a company of the Hachiku-tai troop, including Gentaro AKAZUKA, surrendered to the government army.
- 特に東国では、有力者層の独自性が強く、在庁官人でありながら国司に逆らったり、武力紛争を起こしたりする者が多かった。
- Especially in the eastern regions, this class of leading men had a distinctive character and even though they were zaichokanjin, they often defied kokushi or caused armed conflicts.
- 賎民も平民に組み入れられたが、本来の平民からは反発する者が続出し岡山県では旧賎民の平民扱いに反対する一揆も起きた。
- As senmin were incorporated into heimin, some inherent heimin opposed this act, resulting in an ikki uprising in Okayama Prefecture to protest the treatment of the former senmin as heimin.
- だが、石見国では同国を占領した長州藩軍に、豊前国では香春陣屋で再起を図った香春藩(旧小倉藩)軍によって鎮圧された。
- On the other hand, the insurgents in Iwami Province were suppressed by the army of Choshu Domain occupying there, and those in Buzen Province were suppressed by the army of Kawara Domain (former Kokura Domain), which once withdrawn to the regional office, jinya, but succeeded in its counterattack after renewing its offensive.
- 『明六雑誌』は識者同士が議論すること、そしてそれを誌上に掲載することで世論を喚起しようとした新しいメディアである。
- 'Meiroku Zasshi' was a new media which tried to evoke public opinion by discussion between experts and publication of them.
- 一見すると無関係のようであるが、幸徳事件(1910年)の遠因を義和団の乱の際に起きた馬蹄銀事件に求める研究がある。
- While at first it seems an unrelated incident, some research has regarded Bateigin Incident that occurred during the Boxer Rebellion as the remote cause of Kotoku Incident or High Treason Incident in 1910.
- 一方、自由民権運動は3月に起きたロシア帝国のアレクサンドル2世暗殺事件の影響で過激な論調が現れるようになっていた。
- On the other hand, in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, radical opinions were expressed after assassination of Alexander II of the Russia Empire in March.
- 沖の山炭坑の騒動は付近住民を加えた数千人規模の騒動に発展し、米問屋、屋敷の打ちこわしや遊廓への放火などが起こった。
- While the riot in Okinoyama coal mine developed into a riot of several thousand people including local residents, Uchikowashi of rice warehouse merchants and residences and arsons to brothels took place.
- この際、象が無位無官であるため参内の資格がないとの問題が起こり、急遽「広南従四位白象」との称号を与えて参内させた。
- On this occasion, the problem was caused due to the elephant not having any official position and not being able to enter the Imperial Palace, the elephant was given ' 広南従四位白象 (Kankan Ju Shii White elephant)' in haste and was then allowed into the Palace.
- いっぽう久光率いる薩摩藩兵は帰国途中、生麦村で行列を横断しようとした英国人に斬りつける事件を起こす(生麦事件参照)。
- Meantime, on their way back to Satsuma, Hisamitsu's troops attacked British people who tried to cross the procession of the lord of the Satsuma clan in the village of Namamugi (the Namamugi incident).
- 一方で、政府の手厚い保護を受けていたとはいえ、日本鉄道が好調な決算を発表すると、各地で私設鉄道設立ブームが起こった。
- Meanwhile, even though Nippon Railway had received a careful protection from the government, the boom to build private railways started across Japan when Nippon Railway announced its positive financial statements.
- 天正14年8月、熊野から日高郡山地郷(現田辺市龍神村)にかけての山間部で一揆が起こり、吉川平介らによって鎮圧された。
- In September 1586, a riot broke out in the mountain area from Kumano and Sanjigo (山地郷) of Hidaka County (present Ryujin-mura, Tanabe City) and was suppressed by Heisuke YOSHIKAWA and so on.
- 天正10年(1582年)、本能寺の変が起こった時には、賢秀とその子蒲生氏郷は織田信長の妻妾一族をこの城に迎え入れた。
- During the Honnoji Incident in 1582, Katahide and his son Ujisato GAMO ushered the families of the wives and concubines of Nobunaga ODA into the castle.
- 鉄砲製造の起源は、天文 (元号)13年(1544年)、将軍足利義晴より見本の銃を示され作ったのが始まりと伝えられる。
- Firearm production in Kunitomo is reputed to have begun in 1544 when samples were ordered by Shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA.
- はじめに書いたように、西欧起源の近代国際法は、キリスト教国家どうしの取り決めというローカルな性格をもつものであった。
- As described at the beginning, the modern international laws originated in Western countries had a character as a deal with Christian nations, and applicability was limited to specific countries at first.
- 長沼事件(ながぬまじけん)とは印旛県長沼村(現・千葉県成田市長沼)で起きた、長沼の利権を巡る長沼下戻係争の事である。
- Naganuma affair is a case of Naganuma disposal over concession of Naganuma which occurred in Naganuma village, Inba Prefecture (present-day Naganuma, Narita City, Chiba Prefecture).
- 熾仁親王が議長に就任すると、岩倉具視の要請で1876年9月8日に国憲(憲法)草案起草の勅命が元老院に対して出された。
- When Prince Taruhito was appointed to the President, an imperial order of drawing up a draft constitution was given to Genroin by the request of Tomomi IWAKURA on September 8, 1876.
- 璋子の長子崇徳上皇はこれを不服とし、やがて源平の武士が召集され、保元の乱を蜂起するが、もはや璋子には遠い話であった。
- Shoshi's eldest son, the Retired Emperor Sutoku did not approve this, soon the Samurai forces of Minamoto and Taira clans were gathered to start the Hogen War, however, this had no longer anything to do with Shoshi.
- 特に武力・軍事力を動員して反乱を起こすことを指すことが多いが、少人数で君主・主君を暗殺する行為を謀反ということもある。
- The word usually refers to an armed or militarized rebellion, but 'assassinating one's master by a small group' can be defined as 'muhon' as well.
- これに対して蝦夷は709年および720年に反乱を起こし、720年の時には陸奥按察使上毛野広人が殺害される事態となった。
- In response, Ezo started a revolt in 709 and 720 and, in 720, KAMITSUKENO no Hirohito, who was the Mutsu no azechi (Inspector of Mutsu), was killed.
- 足尾鉱毒事件(あしおこうどくじけん)は、19世紀から20世紀の栃木県、群馬県の渡良瀬川周辺で起きた足尾銅山の公害事件。
- Ashio Mining Pollution was a pollution incident which occurred at Ashio copper mine located around Watarase-gawa River in Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.
- 元暦元年(1184年)7月から8月にかけて、前年の平氏都落ち後に、伊賀国・伊勢国に潜伏していた平氏残党が蜂起した事件。
- The incident was an uprising from August to September of 1184 by the remnants of the Taira clan, who had been hiding in Iga Province or Ise Province since the Taira clan's flight from Kyoto in the previous year.
- しかし、人望のあった重忠を強攻策をもって殺したことは、時政と牧の方に対する反感を惹起することになった(畠山重忠の乱)。
- However, killing through the hard-line tactics Shigetada who was respected caused antipathy to Tokimasa and Maki no kata (the War of Shigetada HATAKEYAMA).
- その起源はナイフ形石器から発展変化したとも、ユーラシア大陸からもたらされたものともいわれるが、未だに解決されていない。
- It is said to have been developed and evolved from the knife-like stone tools or brought from the Eurasian Continent, but its origin is not still unknown.
- 東亜会は福本日南の渡欧送別会の席上、この会に参加した陸羯南・三宅雪嶺・志賀重昂らによって提起され1897年に誕生した。
- At the farewell party for Nichinan FUKUMOTO who was going to Europe, the Toa-kai was raised by Katsunan KUGA, Setsurei MIYAKE and Shigetaka SHIGA, and then established in 1897.
- これより前にも「天草崩れ」「大村崩れ」など、江戸時代中期には各地でキリシタンが発見され、処刑される事件が起こっている。
- Prior to these incidents, the mid-Edo period saw 'Amakusa kuzure,' 'Omura kuzure,' and other incidents in which Christians were found and executed around the country.
- 持氏の子の何人かは難を逃れており、翌1440年(永享12年)には結城氏朝が持氏の遺児を奉じて挙兵する結城合戦が起こる。
- As some of the Mochiuji's children escaped from the calamity, the next year, in 1440, the Yuki War occurred, in which Ujitomo YUKI raised an army under Mochiuji's bereaved children.
- 1874年には江藤が故郷の佐賀県で擁立されて反乱(佐賀の乱)し、1876年(明治9)には熊本県で神風連の乱が起こった。
- In 1874, Eto raised a rebellion in Saga Prefecture, his hometown, being backed up by fuhei shizoku (Saga War) and Shimpuren-no-ran War (turmoil of Shimpuren, dissatisfied warrior group) followed in Kumamoto Prefecture in 1876.
- 士族反乱(しぞくはんらん)は、日本の明治初期に旧武士階級であった士族が明治政府に対して起こした一連の反政府活動である。
- Shizoku no hanran was a series of the antigovernment movement against Meiji government, which was raised by people from former samurai hierarchy at the beginning of Meiji period.
- 新潟平野を流れる信濃川およびその支流である中ノ口川は、かつては毎年のように洪水を引き起こす暴れ川として恐れられて来た。
- The Shinano River, which runs through the Niigata Plain, and its tributary, the Nakanokuchi River, used to frighten people because they were known as rivers of rampage that caused floods almost every year.
- 奇兵隊などの諸隊は1863年(文久3年)の下関戦争の後に藩に起用された高杉晋作らの発案によって組織された戦闘部隊である。
- Those several Choshu Domain's troops including Kiheitai Army were organized by the proposer Shinsaku TAKASUGI who was chosen to be one of the retainer of Choshu Domain after Shimonoseki War in 1863.
- 明治に入り解放令が出されると日本全国で解放令反対一揆が発生したが、旧長州藩内では解放令反対一揆はほとんど起こらなかった。
- At the beginning of Meiji period, although opposition uprisings broke out throughout Japan after the Kaiho Rei (Emancipation Edict) was put into effect, on the contrary there were few opposition uprisings in the territory of old Choshu Domain.
- だが折から澎湃として沸き起こった尊王攘夷運動の志士たちから反撥を受け、坂下門外の変により安藤が失脚、公武合体は頓挫する。
- However, royalists in the movement of 'Sonno Joi' (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners), which was then rising like a flood tide, went against 'kobu-gattai,' and some of them attacked Ando in the Sakashita Mongai Incident, so Ando lost his position and 'kobu-gattai' came to a sudden stop.
- そして岩井梅吉が歌った『河内十人斬り』は、実際最近起きた出来事を歌っていて、当時の人からしたら新しいものだったのである。
- 'Kawachi juningiri' sang by Umekichi IWAI featured incident that had just happened, which was new to the people at that time.
- 大阪の片田舎で起こったこの惨殺事件は、女と金と仁義と様々な要因が絡んだ事件として、多くの新聞が取り上げ、話題をさらった。
- The cruel murder case, which occurred in rural Osaka, was featured by many newspapers as a story involving various factors such as sex, money, and humanity and justice, and became the talk of the town.
- 清朝廷中心の中華思想、小中華思想への急激な回帰、事大主義政治の復活が起き、そうして金玉均などの開化派は危機的状況に陥る。
- With the movement to a sudden return to Sinocentrism and petit Shinocentrism to have the Qing Dynasty in the middle and revival of the administration based on the Sadaejuui policy, members of the Progressive group such as Ok-gyun KIM were in trouble.
- そして山東省における熱烈な布教活動はその反動として民衆の排外的な感情を呼び起こし、時を追うごとに高まっていったのである。
- The enthusiastic missionary work in Shandong Province brought about anti-foreign emotions among the people that increased with time.
- しかし、これらは次第に考慮されなくなってきており、平成の大合併期には、強引な名称決定に論争が起きた事例も少なくなかった。
- However, these conditions have not come to be considered gradually, and at the time of big consolidation in Heisei period, controversies occurred in many cases in which municipality names were forcibly decided.
- しかし従来彼らを差別してきた他の民衆の中にはこれに反発するものがあり、一揆をなして被差別部落民を襲撃する事件を起こした。
- However some of those people who had discriminated them rebelled against this movement, and they caused incidents of raids on Burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast group) through uprisings.
- 黒田は開拓使の事業を継承させるために、部下の官吏を退職させて企業を起こし、官有の施設・設備を安値で払い下げることにした。
- In order to take over the development businesses undertaken by the Hokkaido Development Agency, KURODA decided to make the government officials who worked under him retire to establish a company and sell the facilities and equipments belonging to the government at a low price.
- 7年7月(紀元前23年)、野見宿禰(のみのすくね)が当麻蹴速(たいまのけはや)と相撲をとり蹴殺す(相撲節会の起源説話)。
- In August, 23 B.C., NOMI no Sukune kicked TAIMA no Kehaya to death in a sumo wrestling match (this match is regarded as the origin of Sumai no sechie (the imperial ceremony of sumo wrestling)).
- 天理や性が天から賦与されたものであることを想起させる言葉であるのに対し、「良知」は人が生来もつものというニュアンスが強い。
- In contrast to 'tenri' and 'sei', which remind people that they are given by Heaven, 'ryochi' contains a strong nuance of that which is endowed to people by nature.
- 憲法の起草は、夏島(現在の神奈川県横須賀市夏島町)の伊藤博文別荘を本拠に、1887年(明治20年)6月4日頃から行われた。
- Drafting of a constitution began on around June 4, 1887, at a villa of Hirobumi ITO in Natsushima (now Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture).
- 別府晋介と辺見は問罪の師を起こすべしと主張したが、永山弥一郎は西郷・桐野・篠原の三将が上京して政府を詰問すべしと主張した。
- Shinsuke BEPPU and HENMI said that they should raise the army, whereas Yaichiro NAGAYAMA said that the three leaders SAIGO, KIRINO, and SHINOHARA should go to Tokyo to raise the matter with the government.
- 堺事件(さかいじけん)は、慶応4年(1868年)に和泉国堺市で起きた、フランス水兵殺害の責を負って土佐藩士が切腹した事件。
- The Sakai Incident refers to the case in which a retainers of the Tosa Domain committed seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) to accept the responsibility for the killing of French sailors in Sakai City, Izumi Province in 1868.
- 正月の初夢に見ると縁起が良い夢をあげて「一富士、二鷹、三なすび」(いちふじ、にたか、さんなすび)という伝統的な表現がある。
- There is the traditional expression 'Mount Fuji for first, hawk for second and eggplant for third' as the lucky items to dream about in the first dream of the new year.
- こうした事態の放置は公領の減少のみならず、荘園間の境相論を引き起こす一因となったため、荘園整理令などで度々寄人を規制した。
- This situation led to not only the reduction of koryo but also became a factor for boundary disputes between shoen, therefore yoriudo were regulated again and again by Manor Regulation Acts.
- 写真は突起をともなわない石鏃(無茎石鏃)であるが、矢の先端の反対側に突起(茎)をもつものもあり、これは有茎石鏃と呼ばれる。
- Picture shows a Sekizoku without a projection (Mukei Sekizoku), although there are Sekizoku that have a projection opposite the pointed top of an arrowhead and these are called Yukei Sekizoku (Sekizoku with projection).
- 元治元年(1864年)に京都で禁門の変が起きるとその傾向に拍車がかかり、続く長州征伐の決定によって全国的に米価が上昇した。
- In 1864, when Kyoto saw the Kinmon Incident (the war waged by Choshu Domain for regaining its force in Kyoto, which resulted in its defeat), this tendency was accelerated, and when the Edo bakufu decided to set out the Choshu Expedition, the rice price rose nationwide.
- 特に上野では2月22日に多胡郡で起きた一揆は周辺を巻き込んで拡大し、吉井藩・七日市藩・小幡藩は次々と一揆軍に「降伏」した。
- Particularly in Kozuke Province, the uprising that occurred in Tago County on March 15 (表記の変更) involved surrounding areas and increased its force, and Yoshii Domain, Nanukaichi Domain and Obata Domain 'surrendered' to the uprising force one after another.
- これらの乱は発生期の1世代目から3世代目にかけての武士が、乱を起こした側、及び鎮圧側の双方の当事者として深く関わっている。
- Although the Samurai concept was in its infancy, first to third generation Samurai were significantly involved in both sides of the wars.
- 実際には、両者の共同謀議の痕跡はなく、むしろ自らの地位向上を目指しているうちに武装蜂起に追い込まれてしまった色合いが強い。
- In fact, there is no real evidence of such a conspiracy, but there is a strong probability that Masakado and Sumitomo were pushed to military action while trying to improve their social status.
- しかし、政府はこれらの私擬憲法を持ち寄り議論することなく、大日本帝国憲法を起草したため、憲法に直接反映されることはなかった。
- However, since the government drafted the Constitution of the Empire of Japan without discussing public ideas, they were not reflected in the constitution at all.
- このような各地銀座が江戸時代まで続いた理由は、銀の海外流出などにより慶長丁銀が地方まで充分に行き渡らなかったことに起因する。
- The presence of ginza in various parts of the country until the Edo Period was caused by the shortage of Keicho chogin coins in areas outside Edo, due silver being exported out of the country.
- 12世紀後半の作と考えられる『信貴山縁起絵巻』(奈良県生駒郡、朝護孫子寺蔵)は寺院の創建にまつわる話を絵巻としたものである。
- 'Shigisan engi emaki' (Ikoma-gun, Nara Prefecture, possessed by Chogosonshi-ji Temple) which is believed to be a creation from the latter half of the 12th century is the emakimono based on the story regarding the foundation of the temple.
- なお、懲戒免職とされた3名はその後処分の取消を求める訴訟を起こしたが、1974年に最高裁判所 (日本)で原告敗訴が確定した。
- The three teachers who were given disciplinary dismissal filed suit to nullify the action, but in 1974 the plaintiffs lost the case in the Supreme Court.
- これに対して井伊は安政の大獄を行い一橋派や尊攘派の弾圧を行い、1860年(安政7)には井伊が暗殺される桜田門外の変が起こる。
- To countermand this move, Ii suppressed the supporters of the Sonjo such as the Hitotsubashi Group by carrying out the Ansei Purge, which led to the Sakuradamon Incident in 1860 when Ii was assassinated.
- 1266年(文永3年)にもたらされた蒙古(元 (王朝))国書に対する返書や、異国警固を巡り紛糾する最中に起こった事件である。
- It was the incident that took place in the midst of confusions over the reply to the Mongol (Yuan [Dynasty]) letter that was delivered in 1266, and the guard against foreign countries.
- また、山科焼失の前年に大小一揆と呼ばれる本願寺一門内の内戦を大坂で起こしており、現地の門徒の間には本願寺への不信感があった。
- Meanwhile, in Osaka, a battle inside Hongan-ji Temple called the Daisho Ikki had occurred in the previous year of the battle in Yamashina and so there had been distrust of Hongan-ji Temple among believers there.
- この書は本来、幕末に将軍徳川慶喜の命でその訳していたもので、ほどなくして起こった鳥羽・伏見の戦いの最中に紛失したものだった。
- Nishi translated the book under the order from Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA but it was lost during the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, which occurred soon after the order.
- 『明六雑誌』は特定の意見を発信するというよりも、様々な問題を提起し、知識を紹介して人々の関心を高めること自体が目的であった。
- 'Meiroku Zasshi' aimed to raise awareness of people by proposing various problems and introducing knowledge rather than sending specific opinions.
- 5月末か6月初めに起こったこの戦いは、寡兵をもって大兵を破ること著しいもので、鮮やかに決まった戦術は日本古代史に類例がない。
- The battle occurred at the end of June or at the beginning of July was tactically remarkable that small number of soldiers defeated the large number and no other battle for this kind was found in the history of ancient Japan.
- 死者30名、負傷者10名に及び、これをきっかけに大きな衝突が起こり、将軍御所が延焼、午後4時頃に合戦は安達方の敗北となった。
- This attack left 30 people dead and 10 people injured triggering a big conflict which resulted in fire to spread to the shogun's palace and the Adachi's party was defeated by 4 pm.
- 霜月騒動(しもつきそうどう)とは、鎌倉時代後期の弘安8年(1285年)11月17日 (旧暦)に鎌倉で起こった鎌倉幕府の政変。
- The Simotsuki Incident was a political change in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) that occurred in Kamakura in the latter half of the Kamakura period on December 21, 1285.
- しかし最近の研究では、純友が鎮圧の任に当たった海賊と、乱を起こした純友らの武装勢力の性格が異なっていることが指摘されている。
- However, a recent study shows that the characteristics of the pirates that were restrained by Sumitomo and that of the armed group that he later led in the rebellion were not the same.
- しかし、その奉仕の方法として経済的方法のみならず、社会的・政治的権限までも付与してしまったために、様々な弊害を引き起こした。
- However, his service covered not only financial services, but also social and political authorities, which caused various harmful effects.
- これは明徳3年(1392年)の南北朝合一の際の条件である両統迭立に反しており、その後南朝勢力はしばしば反発して武装蜂起する。
- This was against the agreement of sharing imperial succession as decided by the union of the Northern and Southern Courts in 1392, and subsequently the two sides often opposed each other in armed conflicts.
- 信州明科爆裂弾事件後、数百人の社会主義者・無政府主義者の逮捕・検挙が始まり、検察は26人を明治天皇暗殺計画容疑として起訴した。
- Since the Shinshu Akashina Bomb Incident, several hundred socialists and anarchists were arrested, and prosecutors indicted 26 people for plotting to kill the Emperor Meiji.
- これは日英同盟の解消や軍縮の要求などにつながり、黄禍論の高まりと共に、後の第二次世界大戦を引き起こす日米対立の第一歩となった。
- This situation led to the termination of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, demands for arms reduction, along with a rise in anti-immigration sentiments reflected in popular hysteria over the 'Yellow Peril,' which set the stage for a series of confrontations between Japan and the United States that would lead to the Second World War.
- その後、1876年に起きた江華島事件を契機として日朝修好条規(江華島条約)を締結し、朝鮮を自主国として認め、開国させるに至る。
- After that, the Ganghwa Island incident of 1876 led to the conclusion of the Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity (Treaty of Ganghwa), and in this treaty, Japan recognized the Joseon Dynasty as an independent country and made the Joseon Dynasty open its country to the world.
- 荘園絵図(しょうえんえず)とは、上記のため、あるいはそれに起因した具体的な紛争を解決するための手段として描かれた絵地図である。
- Shoenezu is a pictorial map drawn for the above mentioned purpose or as a means of settling a concrete dispute arising therefrom.
- 当時の秋田郡周辺の人々は、越後、加賀など祖先を北陸地方に持つ人が特に多く、東国に起源をもつウジも少なくなったかったとみられる。
- Many of the people around then Akita County had ancestors coming from the Hokuriku region, such as Echigo Province, Kaga Province, and so on, and not a few of them had Uji originating from Togoku.
- 当時の私船(民間貿易)は、倭寇に代表される手荒い貿易方法で、元 (王朝)の衰退を惹起させる程のもので看過できないものであった。
- The private ships in those days (partaking in private foreign trade) as typified by the wako (Japanese pirates) carried out trade in such a rough way that it caused a weakening of the Yuan dynasty which could not be overlooked.
- 秀吉は高松城を水攻めによって包囲していたが、その最中に京都市の本能寺で主君である織田信長が明智光秀に謀反を起こされて落命する。
- Hideyoshi besieged Takamatsu-jo Casle by inundation tactics, during which Mitsuhide AKECHI betrayed and killed his lord Nobunaga ODA in a rebellion at Honno-ji Temple in Kyoto City.
- 第6回押出しも、養性寺を起点として行われ、農民2000名が東京に向かい、うち7名が3月6日に平田東助農商務大臣との面会に成功。
- Two thousand peasants started from Yosei-ji Temple for the sixth demonstration and of those peasants, seven persons met the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, Tosuke HIRATA.
- その交渉を巡って、是か非かの激しい論争が清朝内で起こったが、各論者とも『万国公法』等を何度も引用し、己が主張の根拠としている。
- With regards to the negotiation, there were fierce debates whether the negotiation was right or wrong in the Qing dynasty, and both side repeatedly cited 'Bankoku Koho'as ground of their allegations.
- しかし、高宗 (朝鮮王)はこの第二次日韓協約の裏をかく形で再びハーグ密使事件を引き起こし、結果として退位させられることとなる。
- However, Gao Zong (Korean King) caused the Hague Secret Emissary Affair by outsmarting the Eulsa Treaty, which resulted in him being replaced.
- 大楽は、同志を糾合して再起を図ったものの、騒動は木戸孝允(桂小五郎)により武力鎮圧され、大楽はじめ130人あまりが処刑された。
- Although DAIRAKU tried to make a come back gathering comrades, DAIRAKU and other approximately one hundred thirty members were executed after Takayoshi KIDO (Kogoro KATSURA)'s troop suppressed the dispute.
- 蜂起の目的は、暴力行為を行わず(下記「軍律」参照)、高利貸や役所の帳簿を滅失し、租税の軽減等につき政府に請願することであった。
- The purpose of the uprising was to make an petition for the abrogation of account books to usurers and public offices and tax reduction to the government without taking violent actions (see Martial Law below).
- 1877年には鹿児島県で私学校生徒ら薩摩士族が西郷を擁立して、最大規模となる西南戦争が起こるが、これも士族側の敗戦に終わった。
- In 1877, Seinan War, the largest one, broke out in Kagoshima Prefecture raised by shizoku from Satsuma including students of Shigakko (school mainly for warriors), backing up Saigo, but again shizoku side was defeated.
- また、蜂起した原住民部族に対する出草(首狩り、理蕃政策の一環として法律で規制されていた風習)が、鎮圧に協力した部族に許可された。
- The headhunting of rebelling tribes called shusso (a practice of headhunting which was legally permitted as a part of the riban seisaku) was admitted for the tribes cooperating in the suppression of rebellion.
- この事は近世大名としての伊達氏・仙台藩にとっては一種の後枷となり、伊達騒動・戊辰戦争に至るまで様々な問題も引き起こす事になった。
- Later on, these circumstances became a source of trouble for the Kinsei daimyo of the Date clan and the Sendai Domain, and caused various problems including the Date riot and the Boshin War.
- 時を同じくして伊勢でも平信兼以下が鈴鹿山を切り塞いで謀反を起こし、院中は例えようもないほど動揺したという(『玉葉』7月8日条)。
- At the same time, also in Ise, TAIRA no Nobukane and his followers blocked off Mt. Suzuka by cutting down trees and rose in revolt, which was said to upset the whole In ('Gyokuyo' (The Diary of Kanezane KUJO) the article of August 22, 1184).
- 11・12世紀ごろには城塞の建設に伴っての家門形成が顕著であり、このころ形成された多くの家門の名が支配地や城塞を起源としている。
- In the eleventh and twelfth centuries, many families were formed with the establishment of castles; the names of the families that formed during this period were derived from their territorial lands or castles.
- 第一次木津川口の戦い(だいいちじきづがわぐちのたたかい)とは、1576年(天正4年)に毛利氏と織田氏との間に起こった戦いである。
- The First Battle of Kizukawaguchi refers to the battle between the Mori Clan and the Oda Clan in 1576.
- だが、パークスや能勢らの尽力にも関わらず、家茂死去の混乱によって話が進まないうちにヴァン・ヴォールクンバーグ公使の事件が起きた。
- In spite of the efforts of Parkes as well as Magistrate Nose and other officials, their recommendation was set aside amid the confusions after Iemochi's death, and it was not long before the assault against the U.S. envoy Van Valkenburg occurred.
- 清盛らが大量に輸入した宋銭は、一時はインフレーションを起こし、貨幣経済の発展をうながすなど中世の日本経済に大きな影響をあたえた。
- The Sung currency which Kiyomori and so on imported in high volume caused a temporary inflation and had a large impact on the medieval Japanese economy, promoting the development of money economy and so on.
- 蜂起中に困民党メンバーやその同調者が使用したとされる「自由自治元年」という'年号'は、日本史上、最終期の私年号と考えられている。
- The name of the era, 'First year of Free Autonomy' used by the Konminto Party members and their sympathizers, was regarded as a shinengo (private name of a era) in the end term in Japanese history.
- 次に、予め引かれた籤の順番に当事者の代表各1名(取手)が起請文を書いて焼いた灰を飲み込んだ後に湯中の石を取り上げて神棚に置いた。
- Next, one representative (termed 'torite') of each party wrote a kishomon (sworn oath), burned it and swallowed the ash, then picked up a stone from the hot water and placed it on the Shinto alter in the order that had been decided by drawing lots in advance.
- 解放令反対一揆(かいほうれいはんたいいっき)は、日本の明治時代はじめに各地でおきた暴動、襲撃事件で、解放令に反対して起こされた。
- Kaiho Rei (Emancipation Edict) opposition uprisings were incidents of riots and raids which broke out against Kaiho Rei in various places of Japan during early Meiji period.
- さらに雄略天皇の崩後に起こった星川稚宮皇子(母が吉備稚媛)の乱を大伴室屋らが鎮圧して(479年)、大和政権の優位を決定的にした。
- In addition, after the Emperor Yuryaku's death, OTOMO no Muroya and others subjugated the rebellion of Hoshikawa no Wakamiya no miko (a son of KIBI no Wakahime) in 479 and achieved the dominance of the Yamato Administration.
- 平将門・藤原純友の起こした承平・天慶の乱(935年 - 940年)の後、朝廷の財政が逼迫していたので倹約に努め物価を安定させた。
- Subsequent to the Shohei and Tengyo Rebellion caused by TAIRA no Masakado, FUJIWARA no Sumitomo (935 - 940), because the imperial financial situation was tight, the Emperor encouraged the saving of money and helped to stabilize prices.
- オホド王の治世には北九州の有力豪族である筑紫君磐井が新羅と連携してヤマト王権との軍事衝突を起こした(磐井の乱)がすぐに鎮圧された。
- During King Ohodo's reign, the Tsukushinokimi-Iwai, a powerful family from northern Kyushu, allied with the Korean kingdom of Silla and started hostilities (the Iwai War) with the Yamato Kingdom, though these were immediately suppressed.
- 755年、安史の乱が起こり唐で混乱が生じると、新羅に脅威を抱く渤海との関係強化を背景に藤原仲麻呂は新羅への征討戦争を準備している。
- In 755, when the Anshi Rebellion occurred and Tang was thrown into disorder, FUJIWARA no Nakamaro made preparations for a punitive war against Silla, based on Japan's strengthening relationship with Balhae (who posed a serious threat to Silla).
- そして再び高麗に命令し、使節として高麗国王元宗 (高麗王)の側近であった起居舎人・潘阜が派遣され、1268年正月に大宰府へと到着。
- He then ordered Goryeo again, and Hanpu, who was a secretary close to King Wonjong of Goryeo, was sent as envoy and reached Dazai-fu (local government office in the Kyushu region) in January 1268.
- これを天人相関思想というが、日本を救った暴風雨を神風と呼ぶこととなったのも、この天人相関思想に起因するという説が有力となっている。
- It is called Tenjin Sokan Shiso (Idea of Correlation between Heaven and Man), and according to a widely-accepted theory, this idea led people to call the storm that saved Japan Kamikaze.
- 12月、尾張守・藤原家教(藤原成親の同母弟)の目代である右衛門尉・藤原政友が、延暦寺領・美濃国平野荘の神人を凌礫する事件を起こす。
- In December, Uemon no jo (the third ranked official of the Right Division of Outer Palace Guards) FUJIWARA no Masatomo, who was a mokudai (deputy kokushi, or a deputy provincial governor) of Owari no kami (the governor of Owari Province) FUJIWARA no Ienori (younger brother of jinin of FUJIWARA no Narichika) insulted Hiranosho, territories of Enryaku-ji Temple in Mino Province.
- 『日本書紀』巻十四雄略紀には、456年(安康天皇3年)に起きた『眉輪王の変』の記事があり、これが史料に残る最古の敵討事件とされる。
- The 'Nihon Shoki' (Chronicles of Japan), Vol. 14, 'Yuryakuki' (period of Emperor Yuryaku), contains an article on the 'Conspiracy of Prince Mayowa,' which occurred in 456, and this is regarded as the oldest case of Katakiuchi remaining in historical materials.
- また下町と呼ばれる範疇に含まれるものもあり、現代において在郷町を起源とする地区の中には、現代の下町と呼べるような庶民的な町も多い。
- Some Zaigomachi were categorized as Shitamachi (neighborhoods of merchants and artisans), and many of the districts originated from Zaigomachi in modern Japan were towns with such a friendly atmosphere that they can be called modern versions of Shitamachi.
- その噴火・発光、湯だまりの変異等の自然現象が起きる度に、神霊現象として中央へ報告され、神階が上昇し、封戸が与えられるなどしていた。
- Each time a natural phenomenon such as eruption, light emission, or changes in the crater lake occurred, it was reported to the central government as a phenomenon caused by a Shinto god, resulting in a raise of shinkai (a rank granted to Shinto gods) and granting of fuko (residential units (ko) assigned as prebends (fu) to support top-ranking officials, temples, shrines, and royal households such as those of the queen-consort and crown prince).
- 甲斐では、岡崎へ逃れた徳川家康が、光秀討伐の軍を起こすと同時に秀隆を支援するという名目で家臣を甲斐に派遣し、梅雪遺領の掌握を図る。
- In Kai, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who had escaped to Okazaki, dispatched his vassals to Kai in an effort to seize the property inheritance of Baisetsu in the name of mobilizing a punitive force against Mitsuhide and supporting Hidetaka at the same time.
- 大川周明は、共産主義革命に対抗して天皇を頂点とする「錦旗革命(きんきかくめい)」を起こして、日本を正しい方向に導くべきだと唱えた。
- Against the communist revolution, Shumei OKAWA argued for 'Kinki Revolution' that aimed to steer Japan in the right direction with an emperor at the top.
- 右足を踏み出し、次に左足を踏み出した時の、起点から踏み出した左足までの長さ(日本語でいう「2歩」)を「1歩」とする身体尺であった。
- Bu was body measurement and 'one bu' was the length of two steps.
- 近隣の麻田藩では大坂商人で西本願寺家臣の石田敬起(大根屋小右衛門)による改革で藩札は農民側の管理に委ねられて適切に運用されていた。
- In nearby Asada Domain, a reform was conducted by Takaoki ISHIDA (Koemon DAIKONYA), the vassal of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple, and as a result their han bills were managed and circulated properly by peasants.
- やがては出航時間を揃えて同時出航し、優劣を直接競い合うようになり、接触事故を起こすなど安全面においても懸念が示されるようになった。
- Eventually, they started sailing at the same time to directly compete with each other, which caused accidental contacts and raised safety concerns.
- あまりにも過酷な賠償金請求に対し、やがて国際的な批判と反省が起こり、賠償金を受け取った各国は様々な形で中国に還元することとなった。
- There was international criticism and reflection regarding the severe demands for reparations, and each nation that received reparations returned it in various forms.
- 政府が定めた価値が地金の価値に比べて非常に高かったため、発行当初から、民間で勝手に発行された私鋳銭の横行や貨幣価値の下落が起きた。
- The value of the coin determined by the government was significantly higher than the value of the bullion; therefore, the rampacy of Shichusen issued by civilians without permission from the government and declining of the currency value occurred.
- 取手は以後3日間、湯起請が行われた神前(通常は神社)に留めて置かれ、3日目に奉行衆立会いのもとで双方の取手の火傷の調査が行われた。
- The torite held before the gods (normally in a Shinto shrine) where yugisho took place for three days, and then on the third day the degree of their scalds was examined by bugyoshu.
- 百姓等領民にとって転封は、領主の交替により、それまでに獲得してきた諸権利を否定される可能性もある為、反対一揆を起こすこともあった。
- For the people including peasants, Tenpo meant what the rights they had acquired before would be denied due to the changes of their feudal lords, so the people sometimes staged opposition uprisings.
- 参議・大隈重信は、政府内で国会の早期開設を唱えていたが、1881年に起こった明治十四年の政変で、参議・伊藤博文らによって罷免された。
- Sangi (councillor) Shigenobu OKUMA, who had been supporting for the prompt establishment of the National Diet, was relieved of his post by Sangi Hirobumi ITO and others in the 1881 Political Crisis.
- 長徳の変(ちょうとくのへん)とは長徳元年(995年)4月10日 (旧暦)の藤原道隆の死後、藤原道長が内覧の宣旨を得た後に起きた政変。
- The Chotoku Coup, occurred after FUJIWARA no Michinaga received Nairan no senji (an imperial edict to appoint a person to the position of Nairan, who has a right to read and deal with documents before reporting to the Emperor from Daijokan, the Great Council of State), after the death of FUJIWARA no Michitaka on May 17, 995.
- 通常の寺社縁起のごとく、開山の縁起を記したものではなく、平安時代中期に信貴山で修行して当山の中興の祖とされる命蓮に関する説話を描く。
- Unlike other Jisha Engi picture scrolls, which generally depict origins of shrines and temples, it depicts stories related to Myoren, the restoration patriarch of the mountain, who trained himself in Mt. Shigi in the middle of the Heian period.
- 883年(元慶7)に上総国で勃発した俘囚の武装蜂起(上総俘囚の乱)に際し、朝廷は発兵勅符ではなく、「追捕官符」を上総国司へ交付した。
- In the armed fushu's uprising that occurred in 883 in Kazusa Province (Kazusa Fushu War), the Imperial Court issued 'Tsuibu kanpu' (warrants of pursuit and capture) to the kokushi of Kazusa Province, instead of hatsuhei-chokufu.
- 特に7月信濃国で諏訪氏の支援のもと蜂起した北条時行は、各地の反建武政権勢力を吸収し、足利直義を追い出し、鎌倉を占領する勢いを見せた。
- In particular, Tokiyuki HOJO who rose in revolt with the support of the Suwa clan in Shinano Province in July gathered the anti-Kenmu government forces around the country and got enough momentum to remove Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA and occupy Kamakura.
- 蒲生騒動(がもうそうどう)は、文禄4年(1595年)から慶長3年(1598年)まで起こった会津若松92万石の領主・蒲生氏の御家騒動。
- Gamo Sodo was a family dispute occurred to the Gamo clan, which headed the estate of Aizu-wakamatsu with 920,000 koku of rice (165,959 cubic meters of rice-crop yield), which occurred between 1595 and 1598.
- 他にも『歴聖図像』4軸や『今上起居注』45冊、方賓『皇宋会編』(宋版)、呉応箕『十七朝聖藻集』(明版)など貴重な秘蔵文書が消失した。
- Valuable treasured documents such as four scrolls of '歴聖図像,' 45 volumes of '今上起居注,''皇宋会編' written by 方賓 (sohan (wooden print made during Song dynasty)), '十七朝聖藻集' (明版) by 呉応箕 also disappeared.
- 伊賀氏の変(いがしのへん)とは、鎌倉時代前期の貞応3年(1224年)6月から閏月7月にかけて起こった鎌倉幕府の政変事件のことである。
- Igashi no Hen is a political turmoil that happened in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which lasted about a month from June 1224 in the early Kamakura period.
- 更に戦いの長期化に備えて各藩が兵糧米を備蓄した事によって米価が暴騰し、全国各地で一揆や打ちこわしが起こる原因となった(世直し一揆)。
- In addition, since each domain stockpiled the provisions of rice for their army, the rice price soared, and as a result, uprising and destructive urban riots (Yonaoshi Ikki, a series of uprisings calling for social reforms) occurred in various places all over Japan.
- また、佐藤政憲は「秩父事件は貧しいから起きたのではなく、段々豊かになるときにつぶされたところに秩父農民の怒りがある」と指摘している。
- Masanori SATO also pointed out that 'the Chichibu Incident occurred not because peasants in Chichibu were poor, but because they got angry to have their lives smashed up when they were gradually becoming rich'.
- 比企能員の変(ひきよしかずのへん)は鎌倉時代初期の建仁3年(1203年)9月2日 (旧暦)、鎌倉幕府内部で起こったクーデターである。
- The Conspiracy of Yoshikazu HIKI is a coup within the Kamakura bakufu that took place on October 15, 1203 in the early Kamakura period.
- 大日本帝国憲法において軍の統帥権は、政府ではなく天皇にあると定められていることを理由に、政府の方針を無視し満州事変等を引き起こした。
- In the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the supreme command of the military was given to the Emperor, not to the government, and using that as a reason, the military ignored governmental policy and became involved in the Manchurian and other incidents.
- しかしながら、その酒宴の最中に経基の営所が武芝の兵に囲まれるという事態が起こり、生命の危険を感じた経基は慌てて京へ逃げ帰ってしまう。
- However, Tsunemoto's quarters were besieged by the Takeshiba's troops in the midst of the feast, with the result that Tsunemoto, feeling a threat to his life, hastily returned to Kyoto.
- それ以後は、30年余り親政を行い、この間、各地で土一揆が起こり、永享の乱や嘉吉の乱などでは、治罰綸旨を発するなど政治的役割も行った。
- Since then, the Emperor ruled the direct government for about thirty years, during his reign when there were peasant uprisings in many places, he acted in a political role by issuing Jibatsu Rinji (an official document of punishment issued by the Emperor) to regulate the Eikyo and Kakitsu Disturbances.
- また、同時代に起きた延久蝦夷合戦にて、津軽半島や下北半島までの本州全土が朝廷の支配下に入る等、地方にも着実に影響を及ぼすようになる。
- Additionally, the battle against Ezo (the name used at that time to refer to the lands located to the north of Japan), which occurred during the same period, brought the whole of Honshu (the main island), including the Tsugaru and Shimokita peninsulas, under the control of the Imperial Court, and this had a significant impact on local areas throughout the island.
- 1868年に戊辰戦争が起こり、鳥羽・伏見の戦いで幕府軍が敗れると、薩摩藩長州藩軍の大軍が江戸に迫り、江戸は戦火に晒される危険に陥った。
- The Boshin War broke out in 1868, and when the Bakufu army was defeated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, a large force of combined Satsuma and Choshu Domains advanced on Edo, putting the metropolis under the threat of warfare.
- 奈良時代と平安時代初めに、謀反を起こした(とされた)人はほとんど死刑になったが、その対象者と縁座の範囲・量刑は政治的判断で左右された。
- From the Nara Period through the early Heian Period, most people charged with muhon were executed, but the extent of the prosecution and accompanying enza, or the severity of the punishment, were affected by political decisions.
- 例えば、1880年(明治13年)4月に植木枝盛が起草し片岡健吉・河野広中らが提出した「国会を開設するの允可を上願する書」が著名である。
- For example, 'petition to establish the Diet' drawn up by Emori UEKI in April 1880 and submitted by Kenkichi KATAOKA and Hironaka KONO is well-known.
- また中国では国内で戦争が起こりその勝者が皇帝に対し禅譲を要求して皇帝となり国号を変え前皇帝の男子の子孫でない別の者が皇帝となっている。
- In China, a winner of domestic war - not necessarily a son of an emperor - asked an former emperor to transfer his power to him, and acceded to the imperial throne and chaged the name of the country.
- 動作検証が済んでいないパーツの組み合わせにより、パーソナルコンピュータ (PC) の動作が不安定になったり、PCが起動しなくなること。
- It refers to a phenomenon in which, because of the combination of parts which have not gone through the operation verification, the operation of a personal computer (PC) becomes unstable or the PC cannot be activated.
- 琉球王国は江戸時代には日本(薩摩藩)と中国大陸の清の間で両属関係にあり、日本で明治政府が成立すると、帰属を巡る政治問題が起こっていた。
- The Ryukyu Kingdom belonged to both Japan (the Satsuma domain) and Qing on the Chinese continent during the Edo period and the territorial dispute became a political issue after the establishment of the Meiji government in Japan.
- 長徳2年1月16日 (旧暦)(996年2月7日)、藤原隆家が花山天皇に弓を射かけるという事件を引き起こし、4月に出雲権守に左遷された。
- On February 12, 996, FUJIWARA no Takaie caused an incident in which he shot an arrow at the Emperor Kazan and was relegated to the position of Izumo gon no kami (provisional governor of Izu Province)
- 本朝月令(ほんちょうがつりょう/ほんちょうげつれい)は、平安時代中期における年中行事の起源や沿革、内容を纏めた現存最古の公事書である。
- Honcho Gatsuryo (or Honcho Getsurei) is the oldest remaining kuji-sho (a document about governmental operations and ceremonies) where, concerning annual events in the middle era of the Heian period, their origins, histories and contents are described.
- この戦が起きたのは、天正15年(1587年)12月の豊臣秀吉による奥羽惣無事令の発令後であり、本来この出兵は認められないはずであった。
- The battle broke out after the proclamation of a cease-fire edict for the Ou region issued by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in December 1587 and January 1588; which means that the allied dispatch of the troops by Uesugi should have been unlawful.
- 観音寺騒動(かんのんじそうどう)は、戦国時代 (日本)の永禄6年(1563年)に、南近江国の戦国大名・六角氏の家中で起こった御家騒動。
- The Kannonji family feud is the family trouble that broke out in the family of Rokkaku clan that was a warring load of Minami Omi Province in 1563 during the Sengoku period (the Warring State Period of Japan).
- 摂津国高槻藩では、財政基盤が脆弱で、国産品の専売制も困難であったため、借入、頼母子講、御用金といった起債の形で財政難の対策としていた。
- Since the financial foundations of Takatsuki Domain of Settsu Province were weak (they also had difficulties monopolizing local products), they floated loans by borrowing money and using Tanomoshi-ko (beneficial association) and goyokin (the money the shogunate temporarily charged farmers and merchants) to solve their financial difficulties.
- 近代的国際秩序の起源はウェストファリア条約(1648年)に始まるとされ、その国際関係を律する秩序原理として近代的国際法は発達してきた。
- It is believed that the origin of modern international order is the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the modern international laws have been developed;as the principle of order that governs such international relations.
- 台湾征討中止の噂に対する反対の建白書や佐賀の乱の処理を批判する建白書には杉村(寛)・島田・後に斬奸状を起草する陸義猶が名を連ねている。
- Those named in the petitions such as the one against the rumor to suspend the Taiwan conquest and the other criticizing the treatment of Saga War are as follows: Hiromasa SUGIMURA, Shimada, and Yoshinao KUGA, who drafted a zankanjo (a written vindication of an assassin's deed).
- さらに直後に大宰少弐に左遷された宇合の長男藤原広嗣は天平12年(740年)九州にて反乱を起こしたが、敗死してしまった(藤原広嗣の乱)。
- FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu, the eldest son of Umakai and was demoted to Dazai no shoni (Junior Assistant Governor-General of Dazai-fu offices) after his father's death, rose in revolt in Kyushu, known as the Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu in 740, but was killed in defeat.
- このため領民に重税を敷いたが、第10代藩主・織田秀綿の代である明和6年(1769年)1月には百姓が重税に反対して強訴を起こすに至った。
- For this reason, the farmers of the domain were levied heavily, leading the farmers petitioning the shogunate in February 1769 against the tenth lord Hidetsura ODA.
- 旧秋月藩の士族はあらかじめ旧豊津藩の士族、杉生十郎らと同時決起を約束していたため、このあとみやこ町へと向かい、10月29日に到着する。
- Members of the warrior class in the former Akizuki Domain later headed for Miyako Town and arrived there on October 29 because they had promised in advance to rally simultaneously with Juro SUGIO and others from the warrior class in the former Toyotsu Domain.
- このため永い間、幕府の方針もあり、政治的には静かな都として過ごしてきた京都がにわかに騒然となっていき、有名な「幕末の騒乱」が巻き起こる。
- This is why Kyoto, which had been a politically calm capital for a long time, was thrown into a commotion suddenly, in part due to the policy of the shogunate government, and became the main arena of 'disturbances at the end of Edo period.'
- 『粉河寺縁起絵巻』は後白河天皇のプロデュースとも言われるが、はっきりはぜず、その成立時期は、12世紀後半から13世紀初頭までと諸説ある。
- 'Kokawadera Engiemaki' is said to have been created by Emperor Goshirakawa, but not certain, but as for its completion, there were various theories that stated between the late twelfth century to the early thirteenth century.
- しかし、公出挙のウェイトが大きくなってくると、地方機関の出挙運用に様々なトラブルが起こるようになり、利稲を確保できない状況も生じていた。
- With the role of Ku-Suiko increasing, however, various troubles occurred in the management of Suiko controlled by local administrative organizations, which caused difficulties in securing Rito.
- 建武2年(1335年)発覚した西園寺公宗と北条泰家の陰謀は失敗に終わったが、これをきっかけに全国の旧北条氏所領で北条残党の蜂起が相次ぐ。
- The plot contrived by Kinmune SAIONJI and Yasuie HOJO was found out in 1335 and ended in failure, but it triggered a string of uprisings of the remnants of the Hojo clan in the Hojo clan's former territories.
- また、武家も衆徒・大衆に武器を向ければ、今度はその武家を死罪 (律令法)・流罪などの重罪に処する様に求める強訴を引き起こすことになった。
- If a samurai family prepared an attack against monk-soldiers and goso-supporting people, they made goso on the samurai family and demanded that the family members should be punished with the death sentence, banishment, or other severe penalty.
- 仙台の弁護士が、何故、起訴状の署名が代筆だと気づいたのか、遠く離れた前橋の検察官の直筆署名をどうやって手に入れたのかは不明のままである。
- It is still unknown how the lawyers in Sendai found that the bill had no autographs and how they obtained the autographs of the prosecutors in Maebashi City which was far from Sendai.
- しかし、多くの場合領民への作物の強制的な生産割当や安価な価格による強制買上につながった事から、専売制に反対する一揆も各地で起こっている。
- However, in many cases, it led to compulsory allocation of crops production to the people of the domain and compulsory purchase by low price, so many uprisings against monopolization happened in various places.
- こうした開国への政策転換に対し「衛正斥邪」思想を持つ保守官僚から激しい反発が起こり、 1882年には儒者たちによる反対運動も起きている。
- Against the change to the policy, conservative government officials, who believed the thoughts of 'Eisei Sekija' (put value on justness and reject evil and wrong way) triggered a backlash, and there was also an opposition movement by Confucian scholars in 1882.
- 5月末か6月初めに起こったこの戦いは、寡兵をもって大兵を破ること著しいもので、これほど鮮やかな例は日本古代史に類を見ない(巣伏の戦い)。
- There is no other example in the ancient history of Japan of a small army defeating a much larger one comparable to the battle which arose in late May or early June (the Battle of Subuse).
- 秋月の乱(あきづきのらん)は、1876年(明治9年)に福岡県秋月(現・福岡県朝倉市秋月)で起こった明治政府に対する士族反乱の一つである。
- The Akizuki-no-ran War is a revolt by the warrior class against the Meiji Government which took place in Akizuki, Fukuoka Prefecture (currently Akizuki, Asakura City, Fukuoka Prefecture) in 1876.
- しかし清浦内閣はほぼ全ての閣僚が貴族院 (日本)議員から選出された超然主義であり、国民の間で再び憲政擁護を求める第二次護憲運動が起こった。
- The cabinet consisting of nearly all of the members of the House of Peers was clearly detached from the principles of constitutional rule and sparked the second Movement to Protect Constitutional Government among the people.
- 1910年(明治43年)5月25日、信州の社会主義者宮下太吉ら4名による明治天皇暗殺計画が発覚し逮捕された「信州明科爆裂弾事件」が起こる。
- On May 25, 1910, 'Shinshu Akashina Bomb Incident' occurred, in which a socialist in the Shinshu region, Takichi MIYASHITA, and other three socialists were arrested for plotting to kill the Meiji Emperor.
- 党内からは総裁専制との批判が起こり、翌年政党政治を嫌う山縣有朋は、伊藤を総裁から退かせるために枢密院 (日本)議長に就任するよう推挽する。
- From within the Seiyu Party, criticism arose against Ito's autocratic political style as a president and in the following year, Aritomo YAMAGATA, who disliked party government, nominated Ito for Chairman of the Privy Council (Japan) to unseat him from the presidency of the party.
- 承和 (日本)3年(836年)に勅旨田になった690町が起源で、長和4年(1015年)以前に立荘、皇室領として歴代天皇・上皇に相伝された。
- Kanzaki Manor originated from a 690-cho (approximately 75,272 square meters) area that became a chokushiden (imperial territory) in the year 836 before becoming a manor in 1015 and going on to be inherited by successive emperors and retired emperors.
- 翌20年(1615年)4月、大坂夏の陣の勃発に伴い、日高・有田・名草郡の地侍が浅野長晟が留守の和歌山城を狙って蜂起したが、再度鎮圧された。
- In April of the following year, 1615, jizamurai in Hidaka, Arida and Nagusa Counties rose to riot, targeting the Wakayama-jo Castle from which Nagaakira ASANO left, in accordance with the outbreak of Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka), but they were suppressed again.
- 1987年3月24日、京都地方検察庁は市長が古都税の和解について交渉した過程において利益誘導にあたる事実はないとして不起訴の決定を下した。
- March 24, 1987: The Kyoto District Public Prosecutors Office decided not to prosecute the mayor because of no evidence of handing out benefits to his electoral district during his negotiation for the settlement of the Old Capital Tax.
- やがて近代化が一段落すると、今度は国粋主義や、民族国家としての民族独自の美術を求める動きが起こり、再び日本美術に目が向けられるようになる。
- After a while, the modernization of Japanese society reached a certain point, and instead, there occurred a movement in the opposite direction, such as nationalism and the pursuit of art unique to Japanese that has a nation-state of its own, so Japanese art attracted people's attention once again.
- 4代将軍足利義持時代の1416年(応永23年)には前関東管領の上杉禅秀(禅秀)が4代鎌倉公方足利持氏に反して挙兵する上杉禅秀の乱が起きた。
- In 1416 during the days of the fourth Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, the War of Zenshu UESUGI occurred, where the former Kanto Kanrei Zenshu Uesugi (Zenshu) raised an army against Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, the fourth Kamakura Kubo.
- とくに加波山事件は、「完全なる立憲政体を造出」するため「自由の公敵たる専制政府」を打倒すると公言した武装蜂起で、政府に大きな衝撃を与えた。
- Particularly, the Kabasan Incident was an armed uprising with an avowed slogan of 'defeating the government, the enemy of freedom' in order to 'establish perfect constitutional system of government' and gave a great blow to the government.
- 元八王寺村(現燕市)農民の無宿者、川崎九郎次らは、1872年(明治5年)3月頃より流域に分水工事反対の決起を呼び掛ける落し文を行っていた。
- Kuroji KAWASAKI, a homeless wanderer who had originally been a peasant in Hachioji Village (present-day Tsubame City), and others started distributing Otoshibumi (letters dropped in the road: fliers) in the watershed area from around March 1872 encouraging people to rally against the construction.
- その背景には朝廷に譲位の儀式のため費用がなく、その費用を政変を起こした細川政元に借りるという自己矛盾に陥る事態を危惧したとも言われている。
- Because the Imperial Palace was nearly bankrupt at that time, it is said that the Emperor was concerned over the worst situation in which money would have to be borrowed from Masamoto HOSOKAWA for an enthronement ceremony, even though he had caused the war.
- ローゼンは戦争が起きるとは想像していなかったらしく、この国交断絶通告を受け取った際、「この通告が戦争を意味するものか」と小村寿太郎に聞いた。
- Rosen did not expect a war to erupt between the two countries, and had to ask Jutaro KOMURA 'Does this notification mean we are going to war?'
- その和田義盛の乱において、三浦氏の惣領三浦義村は和田義盛に同心すると見せかけ、起請文まで書いたが、実際に乱が始まると、北条義時の側に立った。
- During that Rebellion of Yoshimori WADA, Yoshimura MIURA, who was the Soryo of the Miura clan, made it seem as if he agreed with Yoshimori WADA by writing even kishomon (sworn oath), but stood on the side of Yoshitoki HOJO when the real war began.
- 河内十人斬り(かわちじゅうにんぎり)は、1893年(明治26年)に大阪府南東部の金剛山麓の赤坂水分(あかさかすいぶん)村で起こった殺人事件。
- 'Kawachi juningiri' was a murder case occurred in Akasakasuibun Village at the foot of Mt. Kongo in the southwest of Osaka Prefecture.
- 現在の有力な説は、墾田永年私財法の施行で盛んとなった富豪や有力寺社による農地開発(墾田)の急増が条里プラン成立の起源であるというものである。
- The current widely-accepted theory is that rapid increase of farmland development (konden) by millionaires and dominant temples and shrines that became active due to enforcement of Konden Einen Shizai Law (the Law permitting permanent ownership of newly cultivated land) was the origin of formation of the plan of jori.
- その起源は確かでないものの、延暦元年(782年)の太政官符に官符の内容を官庁や往来に掲示して、民衆に告知するように命じた指示が出されている。
- Although the origin of Kousatsu has not been clearly identified, Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) issued in 782 describes the order of notifying the contents of kanpu to general public by setting up Kosatsu at government offices or on major streets.
- 二人は共に乱を起こして都を奪い、将門は桓武天皇の子孫だから天皇になり、純友は藤原氏だから関白になろうと約束したとする伝説が世に知られている。
- According to a well-known legend, Masakado and Sumitomo conspired to rebel at around the same time in order to take over the capital of Kyoto, then Masakado, a descendant of Emperor Kanmu, would become the Emperor, and Sumitomo, a member of FUJIWARA family, would become the Kanpaku (Chief Adviser to the Emperor).
- そのため、皇室典範を改正し、女子や女系の者にも皇位継承権を与えるか、旧皇族を皇籍に復帰させるなどして男系継承を維持するかの論争が起きている。
- Because of that, disputes have broken out over whether to revise the Imperial House Act and give a female in female line the right of succession to the Imperial Throne, or keep the male line of succession by returning the former Imperial Family as the Imperial Family again.
- この問題へのひとつの対処として、旧皇族から皇族を新たに創出して皇位継承者とする案が提起されたが、世論の大勢の支持するところとはなっていない。
- One of the solutions suggested was to establish a new Imperial Family from a former Imperial Family and appoint a successor to the throne, however it has not been greatly supported by public opinion.
- 天智天皇は直系の大友皇子(弘文天皇)に皇位継承したが、それを不服とする大海人皇子が大規模な叛乱を起こし、弘文天皇を滅ぼして天武天皇となった。
- Emperor Tenji passed the Imperial throne to his direct line, Prince Otomo (Emperor Kobun), however, Prince Oama, who was against it, caused a large dispute, and killed Emperor Kobun, and became Emperor Tenmu.
- 尊攘派の擡頭により朝廷・幕府政治の混乱が起きていることを憂えた孝明天皇の意をくみ、久邇宮朝彦親王は極秘に会津藩・薩摩藩に長州藩の追放を命ずる。
- Understanding that the Emperor Komei was worried about the emergence of sonjo party and the resulting confused political circumstances of the imperial court and of the shogunate, Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko secretly ordered the Aizu and Satsuma clans to expel the Choshu clan.
- 逆に尊攘派の代表と見られた姉小路公知が暗殺される事件(朔平門外の変)も起き、犯行に関与したとみられた薩摩藩など公武合体派の勢力が一時低下した。
- In the meantime, Kintomo ANEGAKOJI, who was regarded as a leader of sonjo party, was assassinated (the Sakuheimon incident); some groups that had worked for kobu-gattai, including the Satsuma clan, were suspected to be responsible for the incident and for a while their authority fell.
- 663年、豊璋王は福信と対立しこれを斬る事件を起こしたものの、倭国の援軍を得た百済復興軍は、百済南部に侵入した新羅軍を駆逐することに成功した。
- Although there was an incident where King Hosho killed Fukushin in 663, by gaining the assistance of the Wakoku army, the allied forces of Wakoku and Kudara successfully drove out the Silla forces that invaded southern Kudara.
- 無論儒教に於いて倫理学的側面は最も重要だったといえるが、だからといって大規模なパラダイム・シフトが起こったわけではなく、その点は注意を要する。
- It should be noted that Yomei-gaku did not cause a drastic paradigm shift, although ethics was undoubtedly the most important element of Confucianism.
- 大戦後の1919年、パリ講和会議で利害が対立し、とりわけ、国際連盟規約起草における日本の人種的差別撤廃提案が否決されたことは禍根として残った。
- In 1919 after the world war, the interests of both parties clashed in the Paris Peace Conference, creating a problem for the future especially by the rejection of Japan's proposal for abolition of racial discrimination in the drafting of the Covenant of the League of Nations.
- そのため身分制度は混乱し、ある地方では37%居た奴婢が2%まで減少し、代わりに人口の9%に過ぎなかった両班が70%を占めるという状況も起きた。
- This is why the class system fell into disorder, and Nobi decreased from 37% to 2% in one region, but such event caused a situation that Yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) who made up only 9% of the population increased to 70%.
- 義仲は、頼朝追討の宣旨ないし御教書の発給(『玉葉』閏10月21日条)、志太義広の平氏追討使への起用を要求するが、後白河が認めるはずもなかった。
- Yoshinaka demanded the issuance of an imperial decree or Migyosho (a document for informing people of the decision of Third Rank or upper people) to hunt down and kill MINAMOTO no Yorimoto ('Gyokuyo,' entry of December 14), but in no way would Goshirakawa acknowledge the demand.
- しかし、激しい反論を生み、院政期以降を成立期とする説(戸田芳実など)、南北朝時代 (日本)内乱期を成立期とする説(永原慶二など)が提起された。
- However, his idea invited pointed objections and Yoshimi TODA and his group proposed the theory that the system was established after the period of the government ruled by the retired Emperor, and Keiji NAGAHARA and his group proposed another theory that the system was established in the Northern and Southern Dynasties period (in Japan), the civil war period.
- 農民5名が「暴動首魁ノ所為」、雲龍寺住職1名が「暴動教唆ノ所為」、農民17名が「扇動の所為」で、それぞれ重罪、残りの28名は軽罪で起訴された。
- Five peasants were charged with collective rioting and Unryu-ji Temple's chief priest was charged with masterminding a riot and seventeen peasants were charged with fomenting a riot, and the rest of twenty-eight peasants were charged with a minor offense.
- 開国後、甲申政変が起きるなど、李氏朝鮮の内部からも改革の要請は出ていたが、大院君、閔妃はあくまでも旧来の、李氏朝鮮王朝を守り通そうとしていた。
- Although there were requests for reform from within the Yi Dynasty Korea, such as the Gapsin Coup that occurred after the opening of the country, Daewongun and Empress Myeongseong wanted to maintain the traditional Yi Dynasty Korea.
- そして閔妃派は一時、失脚するが数日で清国の力を得て巻き返し、同年12月、甲申政変を支援(内政干渉)した日本公使館が焼き討ちされる事件が起きる。
- The Queen Min group was overthrown temporarily but returned with China's backup and in December of the same year, the Japanese Legation was burnt down for helping the Gapsin Coup (interfering in domestic affairs).
- この事件の後、大正政変やシーメンス事件に際して起こった民衆騒擾は、権力者に民衆の力を思い知らせるとともに、大正デモクラシーの推進力にもなった。
- After this incident, the civil disorder which occurred in the Taisho Coup or the Siemens Incident let men of power know people's potential and served as the propulsion for Taisho Democracy.
- 一方、江華島条約の第1条には「朝鮮は自主独立の国であり、日本と平等な権利を有する」とあり、朝鮮は従来もっていた華夷秩序との葛藤が起こっていく。
- On the other hand, the first article of the Treaty of Ganghwa stated 'Korea is an independent country having rights equal to Japan,' which caused a conflict with the Chinese hegemony over Korea.
- それといささか矛盾するが、元勲・藩閥が政治・軍事両面を掌握していたことから、後世に統帥権独立をめぐって起きたような問題が顕在化しなかったこと。
- Contradicting to the fact above in some points, as the statesmen who contributed in Meiji Restoration and domain cliques had control over the both politics and military, the problems that occurred later due to the independence of the supreme command did not come to the surface.
- 大正政変(たいしょうせいへん)は、1913年(大正2年)2月、前年末から起こった憲政擁護運動(第1次)によって第3次桂内閣が倒れたことを指す。
- Taisho Seihen' refers to the collapse of the third Katsura Cabinet in February 1913, which resulted from the Campaign for the Defense of the Constitution (the first) that started at the end of the year before.
- 秩父事件(ちちぶじけん)は、1884年(明治17年)10月31日から11月9日にかけて、埼玉県秩父郡の農民が政府に対して起こした武装蜂起事件。
- The Chichibu Incident was an armed uprising that peasants in Chichibu County, Saitama Prefecture made against the government from October 31 to November 9, 1884.
- この結果、尾崎行雄が外務省参事官に任命されるなど政党からの参事官起用が実現した(逆に、これが第2次山縣内閣による文官任用令改正の遠因となる)。
- As a result, employment of counsellors from the political parties was realized such as Yukio OZAKI who was assigned as Counsellor for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (on the contrary, this became the underlying cause for revision of the Civil Service Appointment Ordinance by the Second Yamagata Cabinet).
- 1894年5月に朝鮮で、東学教団構成員の全琫準を指導者として民生改善と日・欧の侵出阻止を求める農民反乱である甲午農民戦争(東学党の乱)が起きた。
- In May 1894, the Tonghak Peasant Revolution led by Jeon Bong Jun --a member of the Tonghak religious community-- occurred in Korea, calling for improvement of the people's livelihood and prevention of invasions from Japan and Western countries.
- これは中国における「天」概念と非常に類似しており、両者の関連性がしばしば指摘されているが、どちらのほうが起源として古いかは明らかにされていない。
- This is quite similar to the notion of 'Ten' in China and their relevancy is often pointed out, but it is still unknown which is older in terms of origin.
- 桜花の萼(がく)の形を模しているとも、弾除け(多魔除け)の意味をかついで採用されていたとも言われており、その起源や意味についてははっきりしない。
- It is said to have been designed after the calyx of a cherry blossom or to have been adopted as a pun based on two possible meanings for 'tamayoke' (written as '弾除け,' it means bulletproof', but written as '多魔除け,' it means 'barrier against multiple evils'); however, the word's origin and exact meaning are unknown.
- 喰違の変(くいちがいのへん)は、明治7年(1874年)1月14日に東京の赤坂 (東京都港区)喰違坂で起きた、右大臣岩倉具視に対する暗殺未遂事件。
- Kuichigai Incident was an assassination attempt on Tomomi IWAKURA, the Minister of Right, which occurred in Kuichigaizaka, Akasaka, Tokyo (now Minato Ward, Tokyo) on January 14, 1874.
- 当時の公卿の日記にも同時期に起きた二つの乱について「謀を合わせ心を通じて」と記されており、当時、両者の共同謀議説はかなり疑われていたようである。
- The diaries of the Kugyo (High Court nobles) at the time refer to the two rebellions of Masakado and Sumitomo as a consipiracy, so it seems that the conspiracy theory was widely believed in those days.
- 正躬王ら5人の弁官はこの訴状を受理したが、善男が僧侶が法体のまま訴訟を起こす事は僧尼令に違反しており、訴状を受理することは違法であると反対した。
- The five Benkan members, including Prince Masami, accepted this petition, Yoshio said the monk presenting the petition with their position was against the regulations covering monks and nuns, thus, he insisted, that accepting the petition was illegal.
- やがて源平争乱を経て鎌倉幕府が成立、承久の乱で後鳥羽天皇を流刑に処するに至ると、朝廷ではいよいよ崇徳の祟りが起こったと恐れたと言う(御霊信仰)。
- Soon after that Taira-Minamoto War occurred, the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established, Emperor Gotoba was sentenced to deportation after The Jokyu War, the Imperial Palace feared the wrath of Sutoku's. (Goryo Shinko)
- 元慶7年(883年)には宮中で自身の乳母であった紀全子(きのまたこ)の子、源益(みなもとのすすむ)を殴殺する事件を起こし、譲位を余儀なくされる。
- In 883, Emperor Yozei beat MINAMOTO no Susumu, the son of his wet nurse, KI no Matako, to death and was forced to abdicate the throne.
- 天文学者の斎藤国治は、248年9月5日朝(日本時間。世界時では4日)に北部九州で皆既日食が起こったことを求め、これが卑弥呼の死に関係すると唱えた。
- Kuniji SAITO, an astronomer, claimed that a total eclipse of the sun over the northern part of Kyushu on the morning of September 5, 248 (according to Japan Standard Time; the 4th, according to Universal Time) had something to do with the death of Himiko.
- ちなみに、二十六聖人のうち、フランシスコ会会員とされているのは、スペインのアルカンタラのペテロが改革を起こした「アルカンタラ派」の会員達であった。
- The Franciscan members in the Twenty-six martyrs were the members of 'the Alcantara group,' one of whom, a Spanish man, St. Peter of Alcantara, arose a reform.
- その起源は『続日本紀』延暦4年12月23日 (旧暦)条に故遠江国国史菅原古人の子である菅原清公・菅原清綱ら4名に学問料を給付したこととされている。
- Based on the records in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) dated on twenty-third day, twelfth month of the fourth year of Enryaku era (old calendar), its origin is believed to be fact that four persons including SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi, and SUGAWARA no Kiyotsuna, both were the sons of the late provincial governor of Totomi Province SUGAWARA no Furuhito, were granted Gakumonryo.
- 丹後国加佐郡寺社町在旧起においては「蛇島城主光孝天皇二十九代末孫下志万七郎右衛門助景丹波国何鹿郡志万庄より当国に来る時代不知。」という記述もある。
- In the record of 'Zaikyu-ki of Jisha-machi, Kasa County, Tango Province,' there was a description that Shichiroemon Sukekage SHIMOJIMA, the 29th descendant of the Emperor Koko, the lord of the Hebishima Castle came to this province from Shima no sho, Ikaruga County, Tanba Province, but when he came remained unknown.
- 1510年、三浦の乱において宗氏及び恒居倭(三浦に定住していた日本人)の蜂起が失敗に終わると、壬申約条において興利倭船は禁止され、以降姿を消した。
- In 1510, when the revolt of the So clan and 恒居倭 (Japanese who had been settled down in Sanpo, Korea) failed in the Sanpo Disturbance, Koriwasen were forbidden by the Articles of Japanese Jinshin yakujo and the Koriwasen disappeared.
- 1865年(慶応元年)、長州藩では松下村塾出身の高杉晋作らが馬関で挙兵して保守派を打倒するクーデターを起し、倒幕派政権を成立させる(功山寺挙兵)。
- In 1865 in the Choshu Domain, Shinsaku TAKASUGI who was a graduate from Shokason Juku (a private school to foster young intellectuals), raised an army in Bakan to stage a coup to beat the conservatives in the domain, and established a domain government to overthrow the bakufu (raising an army at Kozan-ji Temple).
- 一般的に「苛烈な悪法」「天下の悪法」として人々に認識されているが、江戸時代史見直しと共に徳川綱吉治世の見直し論も起こり、この令も再検討されている。
- This law has been recognised as a 'seriously wrong law' and an 'evil, autocratic law', but as the Edo Period subject to review, the rule of Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA and this law are also under re-examination.
- 承久3年(1221年)5月14日、後鳥羽上皇は、時の執権北条義時追討の院宣を出し、畿内・近国の兵を召集して承久の乱を起こしたが、幕府の大軍に完敗。
- On May 14, 1221, the Retired Emperor Go-Toba gave an official document to expel the regent Yoshitoki HOJO from the government; he gathered the solders near Kyoto and triggered the Jokyu War, but he was severely beaten by the Kamakura government.
- だが、皮肉にも稙宗が築いた巨大な洞は自己が引き起こした天文の乱によって解体して稙宗が取り込んだ多くの洞は自立して独自に戦国大名化の道を歩む事になる。
- Ironically, however, the extensive Utsuro built by Tanemune was dissolved due to the Tenbun War which had been caused by Tanemune himself, and many Utsuro that Tanemune had subjected to his rule followed the path to become independent Sengoku daimyo.
- しかしながら、1960年代に戸田芳実や石井進 (歴史学者)らによる国衙機構に関する研究が進展すると、武士の起源武装農民説はもはや成立し得なくなった。
- However, as research about the kokuga system was advanced by Yoshimi TODA and Susumu ISHII (each of them a historian) in the 1960s, it became impossible to consider that samurai originated in armed farmers.
- 中富川の戦い(なかとみがわのたたかい)は、1582年(天正10年)、四国統一を目指す土佐国の長宗我部元親と阿波国の十河存保との間で起きた一戦である。
- The Battle of the Nakatomi-gawa River, in 1582, was a battle between Motochika CHOSOKABE, a lord of Tosa Province, who intended to integrate the Shikoku region, and Masayasu SOGO, a lord of Awa Province.
- 稲葉騒動(いなばそうどう)とは、明治2年(1869年)12月に、西尾張地域一帯(稲沢・尾西・一宮・津島の133村)で起こった大規模な農民一揆である。
- The Inaba Riot was a large scale uprising of peasants which broke out in the Nishiowari region (133 villages of Inazawa, Bisai, Ichinomiya and Tsushima [today's Aichi Prefecture in Japan]) in January 1870.
- 商売は元来、販売される商品がたくさんある場所や人から多くない場所や人へ融通するものであり、行商はそれを仲立ちする商売の起源ともいえる販売方法である。
- Business usually spreads from the place with many products for selling and many people to the place with few products and people, so it can be said that peddlers are the origin of business in order to connect both places.
- ところが、超勝寺は先の一件に恨みを抱く本覚寺蓮恵の救援を受けた上、更に北陸各地にいる両寺の門徒を蜂起させたために賀州三ヶ寺は思わぬ苦戦を強いられる。
- However, Chosho-ji Temple was reinforced by Rene of Hongaku-ji Temple, who held grudge since the above matter, and made the followers of the two temple all over Hokuriku rise up in revolt, which made Gashu Sanka-ji Temples suffer beyond their expectations.
- 日比谷焼打事件(ひびややきうちじけん)は、日露戦争後の賠償に対する不満から、1905年9月5日、東京日比谷公園の集会をきっかけに起こった暴動のこと。
- Hibiya Incendiary Incident was a revolt caused from the dissatisfaction with the compensation after the Russo-Japanese War, triggered by the rally held at Hibiya Park in Tokyo on September 5, 1905.
- 『保暦間記』によると、頼綱は泰盛の子安達宗景が源頼朝の落胤であると称して源氏に改姓し、謀反を起こして将軍になろうとしている、と貞時に讒言したという。
- According to 'Horyakukanki' (A History Book of the 14 century in Japan), Yoritsuna gave Sadatoki a slanderous account of Mumekage Adachi, a son of Yasumori, saying that he was claiming himself as an illegitimate child of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and changed his family name to the Minamoto clan to become shogun by raising a rebellion.
- 1950年代には片岡千恵蔵、市川右太衛門、月形龍之介、大友柳太朗、萬屋錦之介、東千代之介、大川橋蔵らを擁して時代劇ブームを巻き起こした(東映時代劇)。
- In the 1950s, Toei had many popular actors on its books, including Chiezo KATAOKA, Utaemon ICHIKAWA, Ryunosuke TSUKIGATA, Ryutaro OTOMO, Kinnosuke YOROZUYA, Chiyonosuke AZUMA and Hashizo OKAWA, and their work created a period-film boom (Toei Jidaigeki).
- さらに文禄の役の際に奴婢が反乱を起こし、役所に火を放ち戸籍を燃やしてしまい、また、戦費を獲得するために一定の額を支払った奴婢は良民になれるようにした。
- Furthermore, by reason that Nobi who caused a rebellion at the time of the Bunroku War put an administrative institution on fire, and burned the family register, and for the purpose of earning expenses of the war, Nubi who paid a certain amount of money was allowed to become Ryomin.
- 古ゲルマン人社会の従士制度(軍事的奉仕)と、ローマ帝国末期の恩貸地制度(土地の保護)に起源を見いだし、これらが結びつき成立したと説明されることが多い。
- The retainer system (military duties) in the ancient German society and the land loan system (land protection) in the later Roman Empire are often seen as the origin, and it is often explained that the two systems were combined to form feudalism.
- 6代将軍となった徳川家宣は、もと甲府藩主から将軍職となったが、甲府時代から政治改革に実績のあった側用人間部詮房や学者の新井白石を起用し、改革を行った。
- The sixth Shogun Ienobu TOKUGAWA had been formerly the feudal lord of Kofu Domain, and so, in order to carry out his reforms, he promoted Akifusa MANABE and a scholar Hakuseki ARAI, both of whom had had achievements in political reforms in the Kofu Domain, to his grand chamberlain and personal staff respectively.
- しかし、本土に比べ住民に負担の多い制度が多々存続したため、沖縄県各地で旧制度廃止・改善を要求する運動が起こり、政府は漸次本土並の制度を施行して行った。
- However, because of many remaining systems which placed a heavier burden on the residents than in the mainland, people campaigned for the abolishment or improvement of the old systems in various areas in Okinawa, and the government gradually implemented the same systems as in the mainland.
- また、秋水が法廷で「いまの天子は、南朝の天子を暗殺して三種の神器をうばいとった北朝の天子ではないか」と発言したことが外部へもれ、南北朝正閏論が起こった。
- During the trial, Shusui told prosecutors, 'the current Emperor is from the Northern Imperial Court, which assassinated the Emperor of the Southern Imperial Court and robbed him of the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family', and it was leaked to the people and triggered the argument on which Court was legitimate.
- 東屋には、憲法ゆかりの地であることを記念して、1935年(昭和10年)に、起草メンバーの一人であった金子堅太郎書による「憲法草創の処」の碑が建てられた。
- At Azuma-ya, a monument was placed in 1935 in commemoration of the place associated with the constitution, and on the monument, a phrase, 'Place for drafting the constitution' was inscribed using the writing of Kentaro KANEKO who was a member of the drafting.
- 観応の擾乱によって幕府官僚の分裂・離反が生じた事から、2代将軍足利義詮が崩壊した評定衆・引付衆に代わる合議体として恩賞方にて開いたのが起源とされている。
- When bakufu officials were factionalized and declared secession in the Kanno Disturbance, the second shogun, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA held a consultation in Onshokata (office to do desk work concerning the Onsho award) with a consultative body replacing the collapsed hyojoshu and hikitsukeshu, which was regarded as the origin of gozen-sata.
- 長講堂は後白河天皇の院御所である六条殿(ろくじょうどの)内に建立された持仏堂を起源とする、法華長講弥陀三昧堂(ほっけちょうこうみださんまいどう)の略称。
- Chokodo is the abbreviation of 'Hokke Choko Mida Sanmaido,' which originated from the jibutsu-do hall (the nobility's private Buddha statue hall) and constructed at Rokujodono, Emperor Goshirakawa's in no gosho (retired Emperor's court).
- 沢柳事件(さわやなぎじけん)は、1913年から翌1914年にかけて京都帝国大学(現京都大学)で起こった、総長(学長)と学部教授会との間の内紛事件である。
- The Sawayanagi incident was an internal conflict that occurred at Kyoto Imperial University (current Kyoto University) from 1913 to 1914 in which the president of the university confronted the faculty council.
- 「追捕官符」に基づき、一国棟梁たる軍事貴族らは家人である武士団(田堵負名層(在地領主層))を率いて謀叛や蜂起を鎮圧すると、軍事貴族自らも恩賞を獲得した。
- Suppressing revolts and rebellions by leading their private warrior bands (whose constituents were the Tato fumyo class who were also local lords) under 'tsuibu kanpu,' the military nobles earned rewards.
- 田手畷の戦い (たてなわてのたたかい)は、享禄3年(1530年)、北九州の覇権をめぐり周防国の戦国大名大内氏と肥前国の戦国大名少弐氏との間で起きた戦い。
- The Battle of Tatenawate was a war that took place in 1530 over hegemony of Kitakyushu between two daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States): the Ouchi clan of Suo Province and Shoni clan of Hizen Province.
- 秀次は将来に不安を抱き、京都などで辻斬り(一般人を殺傷する事件、盲目の人間を故なく殺害したとされる)などを起こし「殺生関白」という悪名を広めたとされる。
- Hidetsugu, who was frightened for his own future, caused incidents of tsujikiri (killing ordinary people in the street to test a new sword; it is said that he killed a blind person without a reason) in Kyoto and other places, and the incidents labeled him as 'Sessho Kanpaku' (Killer-Kanpaku).
- 文人のアマチュアリズムとはこのように余技として行ったことを起点としており、生活の糧のため(職業)とされることを「俗」であるとして極端に嫌う風潮が生じた。
- In this way, the amateurism of Bunjin originated in the fact that they pursued these pastime activities as avocation, which led to a tendency of excessively disliking them to be seen as means of living (occupation) as it appeared 'secular.'
- 1980年代までは、「老朽化した古いビルのオフィス街」という認識であったが、1988年に起こった旧神戸商工会議所ビルの保存運動が街再生のきっかけとなる。
- The perceptions of The Former Foreign Settlement was 'Business district of decrepit old buildings' until 1980, however, the preservation movement of Former Kobe Chamber of Commerce and Industry Building occurred in 1988 triggered the revitalization of the town.
- しかしこのとき旧豊津藩士族は決起しない方針を固め、杉生らは監禁されており、談判中、豊津側の連絡を受けて到着した乃木希典率いる北九州市鎮台が秋月党を攻撃。
- However, as the warrior class of the former Toyotsu Domain decided not to rally at that time and Sugio and others were incarcerated, the Kitakyushu City Chindai Army, led by Maresuke NOGI, who had arrived on receiving the correspondence from the Toyotsu side, attacked the Akizuki-to party during the negotiation.
- 一つは起草者の一人である井上毅らが主唱する国体論(『シラス』国体論)であり、もう一つは後に高山樗牛、井上哲次郎らが主唱した国体論(家秩序的国体論)である。
- One was a national policy theory advocated by Kowashi INOUE who was one of the editors of the constitution draft ('Shirasu' national polity theory), and another was advocated by Chogyu TAKAYAMA and Tetsujiro INOUE later (National polity based on family orders).
- 軍部大臣現役武官制は、1871年(明治4年)7月、兵部省職員令に「卿一人 本官少将以上」として、兵部卿には少将以上の者をあてると定めたことが起源とされる。
- It is believed that Gunbu Daijin Geneki Bukan sei was originated from the Hyobusho's Shikinryo (law which stipulates duties of the Ministry of Military) in July, 1871: 'one minister with a rank higher than Shosho,' defined the eligibility of Hyobukyo as having to be higher than the Shosho rank.
- 同日、木村重成の6,000の兵と長宗我部盛親、増田盛次ら5,300の兵が、河内路から大坂城に向かう徳川本軍12万を迎撃した八尾・若江の戦いが起こっている。
- On the same day Battle of Yao/Wakae took place, in which 6,000 soldiers of Shigenari KIMURA and 5,300 soldiers of Morichika CHOSOKABE and Moritsugu MASHITA lay in wait for Tokugawa main army of 120,000 soldiers that was moving toward Osaka-jo Castle from Kawachiji.
- だが皮肉なことに、この朱子学の台頭によって天皇を中心とした国づくりをするべきという尊皇論と尊王運動が起こり、後の倒幕運動と明治維新へ繋がっていくのである。
- Ironically, however, the rise of Neo-Confucianism triggered the sonnoron (the thought respecting the Emperors) and the movement to show reverence for the emperor for establishing an Emperor-centered nation, which led to the movement to overthrow the Shogunate and the Meiji Restoration.
- 嘉応の強訴(かおうのごうそ)は、嘉応元年(1169年)12月23日 (旧暦)、延暦寺の大衆 (仏教)が尾張国知行国主・藤原成親の配流を求めて起こした強訴。
- Kao no goso refers a direct petition by Enryaku-ji Temple's daishu (residing monks) demanding the proprietor of the Owari Province FUJIWARA no Narichika into exile on January 18, 1170.
- また京都地方検察庁は公安条例違反による関係者の起訴を考えていたが、関係者を取り調べた結果、条例に違反するような事件は発生していないとみなし立件を断念した。
- The Kyoto District Public Prosecutors Office studied the possibility of prosecuting them for the violation of Public Safety Regulations, but after investigating relevant personnel, it found no violation and gave up prosecution.
- 第二次木津川口の戦い(だいにじきづがわぐちのたたかい)は、天正6年11月6日 (旧暦)(1578年12月4日)に毛利氏と織田氏との間に起こった海戦である。
- The second battle of Kizugawaguchi was a naval battle between the Mori clan and the Oda clan that occurred on December 14, 1578.
- 旧多田荘の荘域にあたる現在の兵庫県川西市・三田市・猪名川町・宝塚市及びその周辺の地域には現在でも多田源氏にまつわる伝承を縁起に残す寺社が複数存在している。
- There are a number of temples and shrines, which handed their legends related to Tada-Genji down to generations, around Kawanishi City, Sanda City, Inagawa-cho and Takarazuka City of Hyogo Prefecture which lie in the former grounds of Tada Manors.
- また、実際に湯起請を行うことを決めるだけで訴訟当事者に心理的圧迫を与えられ、証拠があやふやな当事者の訴訟取下などの早期解決に至らせる間接的な効力も有した。
- Also, since the decision to conduct yugisho could put psychological pressure on the litigants, indirectly it helped to achieve an early solution to a problem by having litigants with weak evidence drop the suit voluntarily.
- 一方で士族反乱に参加した士族の大半は金禄公債証書発行以前から政府を批判しており、また決起の趣旨に秩禄処分が挙げられているケースが少ない事も指摘されている。
- However, some people insists that most of the former warriors who joined the revolts had criticized the government since before the issuance of the public bond, and their reason for joining the revolts was not Chitsuroku-shobun.
- 同7年(1196年)、源通親の娘に皇子が産まれた事で政変が起こり、九条兼実の勢力は朝廷から一掃され、兼実の娘・九条任子も中宮の位を奪われ宮中から追われた。
- In 1196, after MINAMOTO no Michichika's daughter had a son, it caused a political change and Kanezane KUJO's people were forced to leave the Imperial Palace; even his daughter, Ninshi KUJO, lost her position as the second consort of the Emperor and had to leave.
- 川中島の戦いは、戦を行う理由として、武田氏、長尾氏両氏が内乱を起こしかねない臣下に対して求心力を高めるためのパフォーマンスのようなものだったとする説がある。
- One view states that the Takeda clan and the Nagao clan fought the Battle of Kawanakajima to strengthen centripetal force in their respective clans, against the retainers that might have rebelled internally in their respective clans otherwise.
- 庄内の乱(しょうないのらん)は、慶長4年(1599年)に日向国庄内(現在の宮崎県都城市及びその周辺)で起きた、島津氏とその重臣である伊集院氏との争乱である。
- The Shonai Rebellion occurred in 1599 in Shonai, Hyuga Province (the present-day Miyakonojo City, Miyazaki Prefecture and surroundings) between the Shimazu clan and the Ijuin clan, the chief vassal of the Shimazu clan.
- 鎌倉時代後期の1333年(元弘3)に後醍醐天皇の討幕運動から元弘の乱が起こると、阿蘇惟時は護良親王の令旨を受け、足利尊氏らと京都の六波羅探題攻めに参加する。
- When the anti-shogunate movement by the Emperor Godaigo developed into the Genko War in 1333, which was in the late Kamakura period, Koretoki ASO received ryoji (an order) from the Imperial Prince Morinaga and cooperated with Takauji ASHIKAGA to attack Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto).
- 日本軍は釜山西方の制圧を画策して、第一次晋州城攻防戦(1592年9月、細川忠興指揮の日本軍対金時敏指揮の朝鮮軍)を生起させるが苦戦したうえ、攻城に失敗した。
- Intending to conquer the area west of Busan, the Japanese army caused the first Siege of Jinju (in September 1592, the Japanese army commanded by Tadaoki HOSOKAWA versus the Korean army commanded by Kim Si-min) and, after hard battles, failed in attack on the castle.
- 高橋慎一朗は、この事件における時村の立場を、霜月騒動と同様の「得宗政権を支える二者の対立に起因する」も、「嘉元の乱は霜月騒動の縮小再生産だった」としている。
- Shinichiro TAKAHASHI says that Tokimura's position in this incident was forced to take 'due to confrontation between two persons supporting the Tokuso family-based government' as in the Shimotsuki incident (November disturbance), and that 'Kagen War was reproduction on a diminished scale of the Shimotsuki incident.'
- 宮騒動(みやそうどう)は、鎌倉時代の寛元4年(1246年)に起きた、北条光時の反乱未遂、および前征夷大将軍・藤原頼経が鎌倉から追放され、京都へ戻された事件。
- Miya sodo (palace disturbance) is the incident in which Mitsutoki HOJO attempted a rebellion, and the former Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), FUJIWARA no Yoritsune, was banished from Kamakura, and returned to Kyoto in 1246 in the Kamakura period.
- 斯議院ヲ立、天下ノ公論ヲ伸張シ、人民ノ通義権理ヲ立テ、天下ノ元気ヲ鼓舞シ、以テ上下親近シ、君臣相愛シ、我帝国ヲ維持振起シ、幸福安全ヲ保護センコトヲ欲シテ也。
- By establishing the Giin and expanding the opportunity to discuss people's opinions, we would like to respect people's rights, and raise people's sprits, so the top and the bottom will work together, lords and vassals will respect each other; we also would like to keep our state developing and protect our happy, secure society.
- 険しい山に守られた稀有な歴史があり、古来より先述の南朝をはじめとして源義経など、貴種の流人、時勢の逃走者、表舞台への再起を志す者が多く辿り着く場所であった。
- Totsukawa has its uncommon history protected by the steep mountains; from ancient times Totsukawa was the place for exiles of noble birth including people in the Southern Court such as MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, for runaway people from the times, and for people who aimed to return to the front stage.
- しかし、江戸時代中期になると、公儀による訴訟体制の整備や科学的な考え方をする人が増え湯起請が正しいと考える当事者は少なくなったため、この方法は廃れていった。
- However, by the mid Edo period, the legal system had been improved by kogi (the shogunate government) and people had become more science-oriented and accordingly few people believed in yugisho, so eventually this method died out.
- 旧宮家11家は、いずれも明治維新前後の時期、伏見宮第19代伏見宮貞敬親王・第20代伏見宮邦家親王の子どもたちが分家して多くの宮家を興したことに起源を有する。
- The former 11 houses of Miyake originated from Fushiminomiya family, the children of the nineteenth Fushiminomiya Imperial Prince Sadayoshi and the twentieth Imperial Prince Kuniie, left the Fushiminomiya family and made branch families during the period before and after the Meiji Restoration.
- 京都府久美浜の地名は、道主命の伺帯した「国剣」から「国見」「久美」となり「くみのみなと」「くみの見谷」「くみの浜」など久美浜の地名の起源になったと言われる。
- The name of the place Kumihama in Kyoto Prefecture was first 'kunitsurugi' (国剣), a sword being carried by Michinoushi no mikoto, and later it changed to 'Kunimi,' 'Kumi,' forming names such as 'Kumi no minato' (Kumi port), 'Kumi no miya' (valley with the view of Kumi), and 'Kumi no hama' (Kumi Beach), which were thought to be the origin of the name Kumihama.
- 天智天皇が没すると、天智の弟である大海人皇子(後の天武天皇)と、息子である弘文天皇(明治時代に弘文天皇と諡号され、歴代に加えられる)との間で、争いが起こった。
- After the death of Emperor Tenji in 672, a war was fought between Prince Oama, the brother of Emperor Tenji, and Emperor Kobun, the son of Emperor Tenji.
- 中国南部では清国がイギリスと戦争(アヘン戦争)となり香港を奪われ、日本でも北海道でゴローウニン事件、九州でフェートン号事件といった例などの摩擦が起こり始めた。
- As Qing Dynasty went into the Opium War with England in southern China and lost Hong Kong, Japan began to face growing tension after the incidents such as the Golovnin Affair in Hokkaido and the Phaeton Incident in Kyushu.
- 『日本書紀』垂仁紀には、野見宿禰(のみのすくね)が日葉酢媛命の陵墓へ殉死者を埋める代わりに土で作った人馬を立てることを提案したとあり、これを埴輪の起源とする。
- According to the book of Emperor Suinin in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), NOMI no Sukune suggested the Emperor to take clay and form the shapes of men and horses instead of burying dead people who followed their lord to the grave in an imperial mausoleum of Princess Hibasu, which was defined as the origin of the Haniwa.
- 江華島事件(こうかとうじけん、カンファドじけん)は、1875年(明治8年)9月20日に李氏朝鮮の江華島付近において日本と朝鮮の間で起こった武力衝突事件である。
- The Ganghwa Island incident is an armed conflict between Japan and Korea which occurred in the vicinity of Ganghwa Island, Joseon Dynasty on September 20, 1875.
- しかしながら、今度の使節は対馬に着いたのみで太宰府へは至らず、同島で住民らと諍いを起こし対馬島人の塔二郎と弥二郎という二名を捕らえて、これらとともに帰還した。
- However, these envoys did not reach as far as Dazai-fu, only Tsushima Island, where they had a dispute with local people and captured two men on the island called Tojiro and Yajiro, and brought them home.
- これらのなかで、とくに『伴大納言絵巻』と『信貴山縁起絵巻』の両絵巻は都の庶民のみならず地方農村の庶民生活をいきいきと描いており、時代の空気がよく示されている。
- Above all, 'Ban Dainagon Emaki' and 'Shigisan engi emaki' vividly describe the life of the common people in local villages as well as the common people in Kyoto, and the mood of the period is seen through them.
- 同年7月、浜松に帰還した家康は昌幸の造反を知ると八月に真田討伐を起こし、家臣の鳥居元忠、大久保忠世、平岩親吉ら約7000の兵を真田氏の本拠・上田城に派遣する。
- In July of that year, Ieyasu, who returned to Hamamatsu and got to know about the rebellion of Masayuki, started the subjugation of Sanada and sent an army about 7,000 strong including his vassals Mototada TORII, Tadayo OKUBO, and Chikayoshi HIRAIWA to the base of the Sanada clan, Ueda-jo Castle.
- しかし、1953年の4月29日に同校で起きた失火とその再建策を巡って同年12月5日に保守派の父母が進歩派教員の「偏向教育」を非難したことにより対立が激化した。
- However, the conflict intensified because on December 5, 1953, the conservative parents blamed 'Ideologically Prejudiced Education' by progressive teachers regarding an accidental fire occurred in the school on April 29 of the same year and its reconstruction plan.
- これに対して幕府は米1,500俵を京都市民への放出を決定、法度違反に関しては事態の深刻さから天皇や関白が行動を起こしたのももっともな事であるとして不問とした。
- In response to that, the bakufu decided to release 1,500 hyo (bales) of rice to the Kyoto citizen and to overlook the violation of the regulations as the act by the Emperor and the Kanpaku could be considered justifiable due to the serious situation.
- マーティンは1850年に来華して以来中国に留まり、天津条約の起草や北京同文館や京師大学堂での西欧学問教授、キリスト教伝道など多方面にわたり活動した人物である。
- After Martin came to China in 1850, he stayed in China and played important roles in various areas such as drafting of Treaty of Tianjin, teaching of western scholarship in Tongwen Guan in Beijing (literally, School of Combined Learning) and Imperial Capital University (former Peking University) and mission of Christianity.
- 輸入した鉄資源をもとに鍬・鋤などの農業用鉄製品が製造され、農業技術の革新・開墾の活発化などが起こり4世紀後葉から5世紀にかけて倭国の農業生産力は大きく向上した。
- The imported iron was used to make agricultural implements such as hoes and harrows, bringing about a revolution in agricultural technology and increasing land cultivation, which led to a rapid increase in Wakoku's agricultural production capabilities around the end of fourth to the fifth century.
- 古代中国の周代に、歩幅2歩分(右足を踏み出し、次に左足を踏み出した時の、起点から踏み出した左足までの長さ)を「歩 (尺貫法)」という長さの単位(身体尺)とした。
- In ancient China during Zhou Dynasty, 'bu' (the old Japanese system of weights and measures) was established as the unit of length, specifying the length of two steps forward (by stepping forward with right leg first and left leg next, and measuring the travelled distance from the starting point to the left foot; this is a unit based on the measurement of human body parts [a anthropomorphic units]).
- 一方、外国からの開国要求を警戒した江戸幕府により、政治・思想面では抑圧が加わり、シーボルト事件、蛮社の獄などの弾圧事件が起こり、続いて蘭書翻訳取締令が出された。
- On the other hand, the Edo bakufu, on the alert for foreign countries calling for the opening of Japan, started to suppress political and ideological activities, and crackdowns such as Siebold Incident and Bansha no goku (Imprisonment of scholars of Western learning) took place, which were followed by orders to restrict translation of foreign books.
- 翌年にはさらに、井上馨による欧化主義を基本とした外交政策に対し、外交策の転換・言論集会の自由・地租軽減を要求した三大事件建白運動が起り民権運動は激しさを増した。
- The movement further intensified as the 1887 political movement broke out, calling for the switch of the foreign policy, freedom of speech and assembly, the land-tax reduction, in responses to Kaoru INOUE's foreign policy that placed importance on Westernization.
- 西南戦争(せいなんせんそう)とは、1877年(明治10年)に現在の熊本県・宮崎県・大分県・鹿児島県において西郷隆盛を盟主にして起こった士族による武力反乱である。
- The Seinan War was an armed uprising of warrior class led by Takamori SAIGO occurred in present Kumamoto, Miyazaki, Oita, and Kagoshima Prefectures in 1877.
- これが契機となり、明治9年(1876年)10月24日に熊本県で「神風連の乱」、27日に福岡県で「秋月の乱」、28日に山口県で前原一誠による「萩の乱」が起こった。
- These edicts triggered 'Shinpuren no ran' in Kumamoto Prefecture on October 24, 1876, 'Akizuki no ran' in Fukuoka Prefecture on 27, and 'Hagi no ran' led by Issei MAEBARA in Yamaguchi Prefecture on 28.
- また915年北東北に2000年来最大の自然災害である十和田湖火山の大噴火が起きるが、この噴火あるいはそれに続く広範囲の自然災害が全く文書で記述されていないこと。
- Additionally, the eruption of the volcano in Lake Towada-ko (the largest disaster in two millennia) occurred in the northern Tohoku region in 915, but nothing about the eruption or a series of natural disasters after it had been documented.
- このため諸藩は江戸在勤者に対し、直接切捨御免には言及していないものの『町民とトラブルを起こさずにくれぐれも自重すべき』旨の訓令をたびたび発した記録が残っている。
- Because of this, it was recorded in many domains that official directives saying 'You should respect yourself not to have trouble with townsmen,' were issued many times, without directly mentioning Kirisutegomen.
- しかし、第二次では豊臣方(西軍)と徳川方(東軍)の軍事衝突(関ヶ原合戦)が避けられない状況下で、昌幸と昌幸の二男信繁が豊臣方(西軍)についたことが起因している。
- However, the second battle, under a situation where military conflict (the Battle of Sekigahara) between the Toyotomi side (Western Camp) and Tokugawa side (Eastern Camp) was inevitable, stems from the fact that Masayuki and his second son Nobushige sided with Toyotomi side (Western Camp).
- これに加えて初期多田源氏の系譜には混乱がみられることなどから、多田庄は満仲から七男源頼範とその子の頼綱に継承されたとする説が昭和40年代に提起されたことがある。
- In addition, there are some disorders in the early genealogy of Tada-Genji, so that it was suggested during the 1960s or 1970s that Mitsunaka had handed over Tada Manors to his seventh son, MINAMOTO no Yorinori, and to Yorinori's son, Yoritsuna.
- その中で力を持ちすぎた者が中央政府である朝廷に謀反人と見なされ、中央から派遣された軍隊(実際には、これも武士たちである)によって討たれる事件が起こるようになった。
- Some of these samurai had so much power that they got killed by the army dispatched by the central government, the Imperial Court (but actually the army consisted of other samurai) for the charge of muhon.
- この雲揚が同年9月20日首都漢城に近い要塞地帯であった江華島に接近し、発砲されたとの理由で3日間にわたり戦闘し22日には永宗島の砲台を攻撃、占領する事件が起きた。
- On September 20 of the same year, an incident occurred: this Unyo approached Ganghwa Island, which was the stronghold base near the capital Hanseong, and fought for three days insisting that she had been fiired, then on 22nd, she attacked the gun batteries and seized Yeongjong Island.
- それらは武力行使による犠牲者を生み出した他、内外の世論の関心を惹起し、1897年の帝国議会では台湾を1億元でフランスに売却すべきという「台湾売却論」まで登場した。
- Such policy with use of force created victims as well as caused public interest in and outside of Japan, so the 1897 session of the Imperial Diet debated whether Japan should sell Taiwan to France for 100 million yuan.
- 何ら暴力的な事件が起こっていなかったにもかかわらず、翌11月13日、衆議院文部委員会では、大学管理法案審議の過程で天野貞祐歴代の文部大臣がこの「事件」に言及した。
- Although there wasn't any acts of violence, the Minister for Education, Teiyu AMANO, mentioned this 'incident' the next day, November 13, at the Lower House Education Committee in the process of the deliberation of the draft law of the university administration.
- 現代において、この陣屋町を起源にもつ地区は多くあり、「陣屋町」「陣屋」などがしばしば地名として残っているほか、町並み保存が行われ、観光地となっているところもある。
- In modern Japan, there were many districts that originated from Jinyamachi and some of their names included 'Jinyamachi' 'jinya' or the like, their rows of houses and buildings were conserved and protected, and they were considered tourist destinations.
- 陸奥へ達した朝廷軍は、蝦夷側の首領阿弖流爲の根拠地である胆沢の入り口にあたる衣川村に軍を駐屯させて日を重ねていたが、5月末に桓武天皇の叱責を受けて行動を起こした。
- The Imperial army reached Mutsu Province and spent several days staying in Koromogawa Village at the entrance of the Isawa where the chieftain Aterui of the Emishi side was based, then after the Emperor Kanmu's reprimand, it took action at the end of June.
- 「大宰」の文字の初見が609年(推古天皇17年)であるが、既に見たように福岡県博多に官家を造るなどの記事から大宰府の起源はもっと遡るのではないかと考えられている。
- First appearance of the letters 'Omikotomochi' is in the section of year 609, but as described above, the origin of Dazai-fu is considered to be older based on articles on building miyake in Hakata, Fukuoka prefecture.
- 第8代藩主・植村家利が遊女と入水心中事件を起こし、露見すれば改易となるところ、江戸屋敷の留守居役が情報を抑えて病死として届けたため、無事藩は改易を免れて存続した。
- Ietoshi UEMURA, the eighth lord of the domain, committed suicide by drowning with a prostitute, which would have led to the forfeiture of the domain if revealed, but a Rusuiyaku (a person representing the master during his absence) at the Edo residence hid the truth and reported that he died by disease, so the domain was able to avoid being forfeited and continued to exist.
- 切れ者とはいえ当時中納言で太政官での序列が第6位でしかなかった良房ひとりが中心となってこのような事件を起こす(しかも上位者2人の排斥を含む)ことは不可能であった。
- Furthermore, considering Yoshifusa's post as Chunagon at the time; the sixth highest rank in the Daijokan (Grand Council of State), it is impossible for him to cause such an incident alone (notably, Yoshifusa expulsed two senior people) by taking a leading role, even if he was famous as an able person.
- しかし、淳和・嵯峨両上皇の相次ぐ崩御の直後、恒貞を廃太子(皇太子を廃すること)とする事件(承和の変)が起こり、皇位継承は嵯峨-仁明の系統に統一されることとなった。
- Just after both Retired Emperors Junna and Sage died one after another, Imperial Prince Tsunesada's position as Crown Prince was taken, (the Showa Disturbance) and Imperial succession was unified by Emperor Saga - along Emperor Ninmyo's Imperial line.
- 明治元年正月、福井藩出身の参与由利公正が、坂本龍馬の船中八策と似ている部分が多い議事之体大意五箇条を起案し、参与東久世通禧を通じて議定兼副総裁の岩倉具視に提出した。
- New Year in 1868, Sanyo (councilor), Kosei YURI from Fukui Domain made up Gijinoteitaii Five Articles which was partially similar to Senchu hassaku (the basic outline of the new regime drawn up by Ryoma SAKAMOTO) and submitted to gijo (official post) and vice-president, Tomomi IWAKURA through Sanyo, Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE.
- 定説では、日本の武士は名乗りを上げての一騎打ちしか戦い方を知らず一方的に敗退したが、幸運にも暴風雨、いわゆる神風が起きて、元の船団はその夜のうちに撤退したとされる。
- The well accepted theory says that Japanese samurai easily lost, because the only fighting method they knew was one to one battle by declaring their names, but fortunately the Yuan fleet was forced to withdraw within that night because of a storm, the so-called Kamikaze (divine wind).
- 院と延暦寺の対立・抗争、延暦寺攻撃に消極的な平氏という構図は、安元3年(1177年)4月13日、延暦寺が加賀守・藤原師高の配流を求めて起こした強訴でも繰り返される。
- The pattern (confrontation and dispute between the cloister government and Enryaku-ji Temple and the Taira clan who did not wish to attack Enryaku-ji-Temple) repeated on May 19, 1177 at a direct petition by the Enryaku-ji Temple's daishu demanding the exile of Kaga no kami FUJIWARA no Morotaka.
- しかし、経久三男の塩冶興久の率いる反尼子同盟に加わり、興久の反乱に加担したため、1531年に尼子経久に藤ヶ瀬城が再度攻撃を受け、三沢為国らは捕虜となる事態も起きた。
- Since Tamekuni joined and sided with an ally in a rebellion against the Amago clan, which was led by Okihisa ENYA, the third son of Tsunehisa AMAGO, Tamekuni's Fujigasejo Castle was again attacked by Tsunehisa AMAGO in 1531 and Tamekuni MISAWA and his followers were held captive.
- しかしその年のうちに政盛が死去、越後では為景と新守護上杉定実の争いが起き、近隣の井上一族を始め北信濃の国人衆が上杉方に付き、唯一の長尾方として孤立していく事となる。
- However, Masamori died within the year, the conflict between Tamekage and Sadazane UESUGI, a new governor, took place in Echigo, local lords in northern Shinano (including the neighboring Inoue family) sided with the Uesugi, and the Takanashi clan was isolated as the Nagao side.
- 仙台側弁護士は、初公判の時点でこのことにも気づいていたが、軽罪での時効が迫っていたため、あえて裁判を長引かせ、時効を狙うために1審の起訴状については言及しなかった。
- The lawyers in Sendai had been aware of that from the first public trial, but they did not mention it because they knew it would soon reach the statute of limitations for those misdemeanors and wanted to draw out the trial.
- しかし、最後の氷期である晩氷期と呼ばれる約1万3000から1万年前の気候は、数百年で寒冷期と温暖期が入れ替わるほどで、急激な厳しい環境変化が短期間のうちに起こった。
- However, the environment had such rapid and severe changes in the short period of time that the cold period changed into the warm period in the several hundred years in the last glacial age called the late glacial stage approximately from 13,000 to 10,000 years ago.
- そのため、世論の非難(日本内部)が高まり、暴徒と化した民衆によって内務大臣 (日本)官邸、御用新聞と目されていた国民新聞社、交番などが焼き討ちされる事件が起こった。
- Because of this, the criticism increased in the public opinion (inside of Japan), and the people who turned into a mob burned out the official residence of Minister of Home Affairs, Kokumin Shinbunsya which was regarded as a pro-government newspaper company, police stations and so on.
- この事件により、一時、外国軍が神戸中心部を占拠するに至るなどの動きにまで発展したが、その際に問題を起こした隊の責任者であった滝善三郎が切腹する事で一応の解決を見た。
- This incident expanded to the temporal occupation of the center of Kobe by the foreign military, but the person in charge of the troop that caused the incident, Zenzaburo TAKI, committed suicide by disembowelment, which led to a tentative solution.
- 内蔵助はこれを好機として元禄15年(1702年)2月15日 (旧暦)(3月13日)の山科と円山での会議において「大学様の処分が決まるまで決起しない」ことを決定する。
- Kuranosuke took this chance and on March 13, 1702, held meetings in Yamanashi and Maruyama where he decided that 'we will not take any action until some kind of punishment is given to Daigaku.'
- しかし長続きはせず、前科のあった、向畑は博打と売春、怪しげな投機話に明け暮れ、日露戦争が始まり年金が停止されると婦女暴行事件を起こし逮捕されるなど惨めな晩年を迎えた。
- However, their bright life didn't last long, and Mukoubatake who was an ex-convict got addicted to gambling, prostitution and shady speculation, and then during the Russo-Japanese War, he lost his pension and arrested on charges of sexual assault and resulted in spending pitiful later years.
- しかし、石山本願寺と毛利氏に呼応して味方であったはずの摂津国荒木村重が反乱を起こすと、播磨においても小寺氏、別所氏が反旗を翻すなど、中国征伐は当初から苦難が多かった。
- But the Chugoku Conquest was full of troubles, from the beginning as Murashige ARAKI in Settsu Province, who had supposedly been on Hideyoshi's side, cooperated with Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple and the Mori clan to rise in revolt while the Kodera clan and the Bessho clan led a rebellion in Harima.
- また、史学的な研究の進展によって、日本への鉄砲伝来は東南アジア交易に従事した倭寇勢力によって、短い間に西日本各地へ同時多発的に起こったとする説が有力視されてきている。
- With the advance of historical study, the most likely theory is now that the introduction of guns into Japan simultaneously took place at various places in southwestern Japan during a short period by wako (Japanese pirates) involved in trade with Southeast Asia.
- しかし低賃金で働く勤勉さと凄まじい生活力、地元経済に金を落とさない(日用品を日本から取り寄せていた)ゆえに疎まれ、カリフォルニアなどでは日系移民の排斥運動が起こった。
- However, they were disliked because of their fierce determination to survive as shown in their willingness to work for low wages and because they did not make contributions to the local economy (they imported daily necessities from Japan), which was part of the reason for a boycott against Japanese Americans in California.
- 貞隆は兄の且元と共に衰退していく豊臣氏を懸命に盛り立てたが、慶長19年(1614年)に起こった方広寺鐘銘問題を契機に兄と共に家康と内通していると秀頼らから猜疑された。
- Sadataka and his brother Katsumoto struggled to support the declining Toyotomi clan, but after the issue of Hoko-ji Temple Shomei (inscription on the bell) incident which occurred in 1614, Hideyori started to suspect he and Katsumoto secretly contacted with Ieyasu.
- その実態は1930年代に存在していた道路や畦道に基づく「机上の復元案」といえるものであるが、大宰府に条坊制による街区の存在を指摘し、学界に注意を喚起した功績は大きい。
- The actual state was 'a desk reconstruction plan' based on streets and causeways that existed in the 1930s, but its achievements to point out existence of city blocks in jobosei and to promote awareness of the academic society are significant.
- その結果、西郷や板垣らの征韓派は一斉に下野(征韓論政変または明治六年政変)し、1874年の佐賀の乱から1877年の西南戦争に至る士族反乱や自由民権運動の起点となった。
- In consequence, Saigo, Itagaki and others who supported Seikanron went into opposition (this incident is called the 'Seikanron Coup' or the 'Coup of 1873'), and they became leaders of the revolt by Shizoku (family or person with samurai ancestors) from Saga War in 1874 to Satsuma Rebellion or the Freedom and People's Right Movement.
- 銅鐸を祭る当時の列島の信仰的背景とは著しく異なる文化を持った外敵が攻めて来た等の社会的な変動が起きた時に、銅鐸の所有者が土中に隠匿して退散したという説(古田武彦等)。
- The sixth is that people hid dotaku in the ground and escaped when a social change took place, such as attacks of a foreign enemy with a significantly different religious background from that of the Japanese island of that time, when dotaku were adored (Takehiko FURUTA).
- 天平宝字8年(764年)、孝謙上皇と対立した最高実力者・藤原仲麻呂が反乱を起こす(藤原仲麻呂の乱)と上皇は仲麻呂の専制に不満を持つ貴族たちを結集して仲麻呂を滅ばした。
- FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, who was the most influential figure in the world of politics, came into collision with the Retired Empress Koken and in 764 he raised a rebellion (Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro); thereupon the Retired Empress gathered the court nobles who had discontent in the autocracy of Nakamaro and destroyed him.
- 下級武士や知識人階級を中心に、「鎖国は日本開闢以来の祖法」であるという説に反したとされた、その外交政策に猛烈に反発する世論が沸き起こり、「攘夷」運動として朝野を圧した。
- The public opinion of foreign exclusionism among low-ranking samurai and intellectuals in particular overwhelmed all over Japan, insisting furiously that the national seclusion had been the fundamental law since the dawn of Japanese history and the opening up of the country was against it.
- 堺は「檻房中にて唯(ただ)昏睡し居り」、小暮は「房内にて突然癪を起して苦しみ居るも、何等の手術も施さず其儘(そのまま)に打捨て置」かれた(6月26日付け東京二六新聞)。
- SAKAI 'simply lay in a coma in his cell,' and KOGURE 'suddenly had a fit and writhed in agony but was left as she was without any treatment.' (the article as of June 26 in Tokyo Niroku Newspaper).
- 縄文前期から中期にかけては最も典型的な縄文文化が栄えた時期であり、現在は三内丸山遺跡と呼ばれる場所に起居した縄文人たちが保持していたのも、主にこの時期の文化形式である。
- From the early to middle Jomon period was the time when the most typical Jomon culture flourished; the characteristics of this Jomon culture can be observed in the belongings of the Jomon people who lived at the remains called Sannai-Maruyama today.
- そのような中で起きた義和団のアンチ・キリスト的、あるいは非西欧的「悪行」は、「文明」に悖る野蛮な行為としてすぐさま世界に広まり、激しい非難が中国に寄せられることになる。
- The anti-Christian way or anti-western 'evil deeds' of the Boxers were not in line with a 'civilization', and as word of these barbaric acts spread across the world, China was severely criticized.
- 加えて貴族院では清浦がかつて所属していた研究会_(貴族院)の議員を閣僚10人中3人も入閣させるという「論功人事」を行ったことに対する他会派からの批判が湧き起こっていた。
- In addition, the fact that KIYOURA gave 3 out of 10 ministerial positions to the members of the House of Peers who belonged to the same faction as KIYOURA used to belong to, namely the Kenkyukai (Study Association) also triggered mounting criticism from among other political groups too.
- 持氏も幕府中央の混乱に乗じて関東・奥州各地に発生した武装蜂起に対して自己の政権の権限と基盤の強化に乗り出して幕府中央の権威を否定する動きを以前から見せていたからである。
- This is because Mochiuji also had started to deny the authority of the central bakufu by strengthening the power and basis of his regime against the armed uprisings which were breaking out in various areas in Kanto and Oshu regions during the confusion of the central bakufu.
- 自由党解党2日後の10月31日、下吉田(旧吉田町 (埼玉県))の椋神社において決起集会が行われ、蜂起の目的のほか、役割表や軍律が制定され(下記参照)、蜂起が開始された。
- On October 31, two days after the dissolution of the Liberal Party, they held a rally in Muku Shrine in Shimoyoshida (former Yoshidamachi [Saitama Prefecture]), established the purpose of the uprising, a role chart and martial law.
- そして且元退去にあわせるように家康が大坂の陣を起こし、翌年には豊臣氏を滅ぼしたのを見てもわかるように、豊臣氏は且元という最後の柱石を自ら砕き、自爆してしまったのである。
- Proven by the fact that Ieyasu waged the Siege of Osaka immediately after Katsumoto's departure from the Toyotomi camp, as if he had been waiting for this to happen, the Toyotomi had in fact brought destruction on itself by pulling out their last pillar of strength and hope.
- 元会津藩士の渡辺悌輔および月岡村(現三条市)安正寺の元住職で元桑名藩藩兵の月岡帯刀らは加茂市の農民等と図り、4月4日より三条・加茂一帯に決起を呼び掛ける落し文を行った。
- Teisuke WATANABE, a former feudal retainer of Aizu Domain, and Tatewaki TSUKIOKA, a former chief priest of Ansho-ji Temple in Tsukioka village (present-day Sanjo City) and former feudal soldier of Kuwana Domain, conspired with farmers in Kamo City to distribute Otoshibumi all over Sanjo and Kamo areas from April 4th in order to urge people to rise in revolt.
- この法は成文・公布されたものではなかったが、壬申の乱を起こした天武天皇は不改常典に縛られなかったが、天智の娘である持統天皇ら天智の女系子孫が中心になって伝え、守らせた。
- As the code was not codified nor promulgated, Emperor Tenmu, who provoked the Jinshin war/ disturbance, was not obliged to follow Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten, but Empress Jito, a daughter of Emperor Tenji, and other descendents of the female line took the lead in persuading him and made him follow.
- このとき、山内は岩倉に「この戦は薩長の起こした不当な戦である!」と抗議したが、岩倉より「わかった。ならば土佐藩は慶喜側につきなさい」と一喝されて、沈黙してしまったという。
- Yamauchi opposed Iwakura, saying 'This is an unjust battle caused by Satsuma and Choshu,' but as Iwakura thundered out, 'I see. In that case, why don't you side with Yoshinobu,' Yamauchi kept silent.
- ちなみに、1864年(元治1年)に天狗党の乱が起こると、彦根藩士は「直弼公の敵討ち」と戦意を高揚させ、中仙道を封鎖して筑波山から京都に向かった水戸藩士を迎撃しようとした。
- In 1864, the Tenguto no Ran (Rebellion of Tenguto) occurred, where retainers of the Hikone clan, seeking revenge for their late master Naosuke, blocked Nakasen-do Road and intercepted retainers of the Mito clan who were heading toward Kyoto from Mt. Tsukuba.
- 応永34年(1427年)に満祐が家督を相続した時、将軍足利義持は播磨国を取り上げて寵臣である赤松持貞に与えようとし、満祐が京の屋敷を焼いて領国に引き上げる事件が起こった。
- In 1427, an incident occurred, in which Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA attempted to confiscate the Harima Province which Mitsusuke took over as head of the family, and to give it to his favorite retainer, Mochisada Akamatsu, then Mitsusuke burned his residense in Kyoto and went back to his own territory.
- 一方、新政府では、今後の施政の指標を定める必要から、福岡孝弟(土佐藩士)、由利公正(越前藩士)らが起草した原案を長州藩の木戸孝允が修正し、「五箇条の御誓文」として発布した。
- Meanwhile, the new government published 'Charter Oath of Five Articles,' drafted by Takachika FUKUOKA (a feudal retainer of Tosa) and Kosei YURI (a feudal retainer of Echizen), and amended by Koin KIDO of Choshu, as they needed to set the guidelines of the administration.
- 例えば、自国において金流出が起こったとする、その国では民間の兌換請求によって金を買い戻していることになるから、必然的に自国通貨のマネーサプライの減少をもたらし、均衡に至る。
- For example, gold flowing out of the home country means that the private sector is repurchasing gold through their requests for conversion, and the reduction of the supply of its home currency will eventually bring equilibrium to domestic economy.
- もともと従来の説の根拠とされた雲揚の公式報告書(10月)は、日朝間の交戦期間をたった1日の間に起きたことのように記し(実際には3日間)、史料の信頼性に疑義が提出されていた。
- There was a doubt about the reliability of the traditional theory, because the official report (October) of Unyo, on which the traditional theory was based, originally describes that Japan and Korea battled for only one day (three days in reality).
- 日本国内でも柳スギの花粉による花粉症患者が確認されたり、スギ花粉症を患っている患者が柳スギの花粉によってアレルギーを起こす例がみられることなどの理由から、証明をされている。
- Evidence cited for this is the fact that patients suffering from Cryptomeria fortunei hay fever have also been observed in Japan and observations of Japanese cedar pollinosis patients in whom an allergic reaction is elicited by Cryptomeria fortunei pollen.
- よって、古代の賎民と中世以降の被差別民、さらに近代以降被差別部落と呼ばれるようになった江戸時代の被差別民共同体との歴史的連続性はなく、性質の異なる起源を有したと考えられる。
- Therefore, it can be concluded that the ancient lowly persons and those discriminated after the medieval period as well as communities of discriminated people during the Edo period which came to be called burakumin (people come from or live in special hamlets) in the modern period and after were not connected historically and had different origins.
- それでも鎌倉には「尚逐日可有合戦之由」と、再び合戦が起こるという風聞が飛び交う緊張した状況が続き、定例の評定は事実上流会となり、京の公家には「関東しづかならず」と書かれる。
- Even with the efforts, the rumor that a war might occur again any time, for example, the saying that 'A war may occur any day,' was circulated in Kamakura, with a tense situation remaining and with regular council meetings not being held virtually, and kuge (court nobles) in Kyoto wrote that 'Kanto was not quiet.'
- 享和2年(1802年)ふたたび水害などに起因する米価の高騰により、幕府は酒造米の十分の一を供出させ、不作や飢饉のときのための備蓄米として取っておこうという政策を打ち出した。
- Following the sharp increase in rice prices due to floods and other reasons, the bakufu set up a policy that required people to contribute one-tenth of rice for sake brewing to be stockpiled in case of a poor harvest and famine in 1802.
- 戦後における明治日本への関心の高まりと、それに比例して起こった日本への留学ブームによって、近代国際法の受容と富国強兵の間には密接な関係があることが大陸へと伝えられていった。
- Because of increase in interest after the War on Japan in the Meiji Period and resulted booming of study in Japan, it was disseminated to the continent that there was a close relationship between acceptance of modern international law and fukoku kyohei (fortifying the country, strengthening the military).
- 鉄甲船の動力は通常の安宅船と同じく櫓、および起倒式の木綿帆によるものと推定されているが、鉄板によって重量を増した船がこの方式で実用に耐えうる速度で航行できるかは不明である。
- It is estimated that the power of a tekkosen, like ordinary Atake-bune, came from oars and retractable cotton sails, but it is unclear whether a ship with more weight due to iron plates could run at a practical speed using this method.
- 1862年夏、平間寺見物のため乗馬していた横浜居留地の英人男女4人が生麦村(現横浜市鶴見区 (横浜市))で薩摩の大名行列に切りつけられる生麦事件が起こり、幕府を震撼させた。
- In the summer of 1862, in what came to be known as the Namamugi Incident, four English men and women of Yokohama settlement on their way to see Heiken-ji Temple by horse were cut down in Namamugi village (today's Tsurumi ward of the city of Yokohama) by warriors in the Satsuma Daimyo's procession, an event that deeply shook the shogunate.
- 民権派の一部にはそれに対抗する形で'「真に善美なる国会」を開設するには、圧制政府を実力で転覆することもやむなし'という考えから急進化する者も出始め、各地で対立が起きていた。
- Some minken (democratic rights) activists, against the suppression of the government, began to change into radicals urged by an idea that they could not avoid use of force in overthrowing the repressive government in order to establish a 'truly superb Diet', which caused confrontations to occur in various places.
- 12月13日、東京の新聞記者・弁護士らが憲政振作会を組織して二個師団増設反対を決議し、翌14日には交詢社有志が発起人となって時局懇談会をひらいて、会の名を憲政擁護会とした。
- On December 13, Kensei Shinsakukai Party a political party organized by journalists and lawyers in Tokyo, adopted a resolution against the increase of two army divisions, and the next day, some supporters of Kojun-sha (the first social club of businessmen in Japan) called for a meeting to discuss the state of affairs and named the meeting 'Kensei Yogokai' (Meeting for Defending Constitutionalism).
- 豊臣秀吉死後の豊臣政権においては五大老の徳川家康が影響力を強め、慶長5年(1600年)に元五奉行の石田三成らが蜂起した関ヶ原の戦いで家康は東軍を指揮して三成ら西軍を撃破する。
- After the death of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, one of the Gotairo (Council of Five Elders), strengthened his power in the Toyotomi administration, and at the Battle of Sekigahara in which a former member of the Gobugyo (five major magistrates) Mitsunari ISHIDA and others uprose in 1600, he commanded the Eastern Army and rebuffed Mitsunari's Western Army.
- 降って治承4年(1180年)に源頼政が以仁王と語らって挙兵した際には、決起を促す諸国の源氏の一群の中に親治とその子達の名前が見え、なおも国内に一勢力を保っていたことが窺える。
- In 1180, MINAMOTO no Yorimasa and Prince Mochihito joined forces and raised an army; the names of Chikaharu and his sons appeared among the group of the Minamoto clan that encouraged insurrection in many districts, and this shows that Yamato-Genji still maintained their power within the province.
- 徳川家光が病没すると、後継である徳川家綱が幼弱であった為、由井正雪は丸橋忠弥等と共謀し、徳川家綱を奪取し、幕政批判と牢人救済を掲げた反乱を起こした(慶安の変(1651年))。
- After Iemitsu TOKUGAWA died of illness, as his successor Ietsuna TOKUGAWA was still immature, Shosetsu YUI conspired with Chuya MARUBASHI and others to take Ietsuna TOKUGAWA into their custody, and staged a rebellion criticizing the politics of the bakufu and demanding the relief of ronin (the Keian Incident [1651]).
- 他者との比較を通じて文明/野蛮の差異を計測し、その差異を埋める/広げるという欲望を喚起することによって富国強兵を達成しようとする思想構造が列強諸国にも、非列強諸国にもあった。
- Both powerful and non powerful countries shared a mindset to accomplish fortifying their country by measuring the difference between being civilized and barbarian by comparison, and inciting a desire to minimize or expand the difference.
- 式神・識神(しきがみ、しきじん)、式の神ともいい、文献によっては式鬼(しき)、式鬼神とも)とは、陰陽師が使役する鬼神のことで、人心から起こる悪行や善行を見定める役を務めるもの。
- Shikigami or Shikijin were fierce gods employed by the Onmyoji (Master of Yin yang) to judge the evil doings and well doings of the populace, and they were also called Shiki no Kami, and in some literature, Shiki or Shiki Kijin.
- この夜以後、連日、各地の火薬庫が襲撃され、俗にいう「弾薬掠奪事件」が起きたが、私学校徒が入手できたのは、山縣や大山が重要視しなかった旧型のエンフィールド銃とその弾薬のみだった。
- From that night, what is commonly called 'munitions seizure incident' occurred and other powder houses at various places were raided day after day, but the Shigakko students could only seized outdated Enfield rifles and ammunition for the rifles, of which YAMAGATA and OYAMA thought little.
- 慶応2年5月1日(旧暦)に西宮市で主婦達が起こした米穀商への抗議行動をきっかけに起きた一揆は、たちまち伊丹市・兵庫区などに飛び火し、13日には大坂市内でも打ちこわしが発生した。
- On June 13, 1866 (表記の変更), housewives in Nishinomiya City made a protest against a rice dealer, which triggered an uprising, and it spread quickly to other neighboring cities including Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture, and on July 25 (表記の変更), a destructive riot broke out in Osaka City.
- 以下では最初に翻訳命名されたW.マーチンの『万国公法』とその重訳本を中心に記述し、この本がもたらした西欧起源の国際法がアジア諸国にどのように受容されていったかについても触れる。
- The first part of this article will focus on 'Bankoku Koho', the first translation of the commentary, translated and named by W. Martin and its re-translations to other languages and it will mention how international law originated in Western Europe brought by this book was accepted in Asian countries.
- 清弘は、在庁官人の三枝守政らとともに八代荘に軍兵を率いて侵入し、荘園の神人の抵抗を斥けて、牓示を撤去し、年貢を強奪したばかりか、在家追捕、神人の監禁・傷害といった濫行を起こした。
- Along with local official Morimasa SAEGUSA, Kiyohiro invaded into Yatsushiro no sho commanding his force and removed boji, plundered nengu (land tax), arrested local farmers, confined or injured shrine associates while eliminating the resistance of any shrine associates.
- その為、不平両班や被差別階級、困窮した農民、盗賊による反乱、蜂起、及び朝鮮軍によるその鎮圧、また朝鮮王朝内部の政争による粛正や処刑などが行われ、混乱は戦災を更に悲惨なものとした。
- Therefore, revolts and uprising of discontented yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea), discriminated classes, impoverished farmers, and thieves occurred and got suppression by the Korean army during their cleanup and executions occurred out of struggles for power in the Korean court were conducted and the such turmoil created further misery in the midst of the war damage.
- 今まで農業協同組合(金融部門)は、貸付残高を増やすために戸別の農業機械導入を進めていたが、貸付リスクの少ない共有化に貸付の方向を変えており、棚田の農業システムに変化が起きている。
- Previously agricultural cooperatives (financial sector) were encouraging the introduction of agricultural machines to individual households for the purpose of increasing the amount of loan outstanding, but they have begun to shift their lending to collective ownership of machines which accompanies less credit risk, and such a shift is bringing about a change in the agricultural system in connection with Tanada.
- 三大事件建白運動(さんだいじけんけんぱくうんどう)とは、1887年(明治20年)10月に片岡健吉が元老院_(日本)に提出した建白書(「三大事件建白」)をきっかけに起きた政治運動。
- The campaign of the three biggest petitions is a political movement caused by petitions ('The three biggest petitions') submitted to Genroin (the Chamber of Elders) (Japan) by Kenkichi KATAOKA in October 1887.
- 一方越前では、下間頼照ら本願寺から派遣された坊官らが重税を課した事などにより、越前で一揆をおこした民衆との関係は悪化し、坊官の専横に反発し一揆が起こるという一揆内一揆まで起きた。
- Meanwhile in Echizen, Raisho SHIMOTSUMA and other priests dispatched from Hongan-ji Temple imposed a heavy tax and worsened a relationship with the citizens that had participated in the Ikki, resulting in 'ikki inside ikki,' where another Ikki broke out against the priests' tyranny.
- しかしながら、ここを「列侯会議」に限定せずに漠然と「広く会議」に改めたことは、後に起草者たちの意図を離れ、民権論者によって民選議会を開設すべき根拠として拡張解釈されるようになった。
- However the vague revision to 'widely established deliberative assemblies' not restricting 'councils by feudal lords' was extended later by civil rights advocates as the authority to establish popularly-elected parliament, being far from the original intentions of drafters.
- 1875年(明治8年)10月、土佐の板垣退助が明治6年の政変に続いて明治政府を再び離脱し、国民を教化しつつ明治政府の外から自由主義的な議会制度を準備する運動を起こす道を歩み始めた。
- In October, 1875, Taisuke ITAGAKI from Tosa resigned from the Meiji Government for the second time following the political change which had happened in 1873, and while educating the nation's people, he initiated a course of action to prepare for the liberalization of parliamentary procedure from outside of the Meiji Government.
- 1875年に起きた江華島事件の後、日朝間で結ばれた条約であるが、条約そのものは全12款から成り、それとは別に具体的なことを定めた付属文書が全11款、貿易規則11則、及び公文がある。
- The treaty was concluded between Japan and Korea after the Ganghwa Island incident in 1875, and consisted of 12 provisions of the treaty itself, 11 affiliated documents providing concrete contents, 11 trade rules, and official documents.
- 輸租田と不輸租田の区別は時期によっても異なるが、通説では口分田・位田・功田・賜田・国造田・郡司職田・墾田が輸租田、職田・公廨田・駅起田・官田・寺田・神田・釆女田が不輸租田にあたる。
- Though the distinction between yusoden and fuyusoden varied depending on the times, it is commonly understood that kubunden (rice fields given to each peasant), iden (rice fields given based on the court rank), kuden (rice fields given to those who did meritorious deeds for the state), shiden (rice fields given by the Emperor), kokuzoden (rice fields given to local officials), gunjishikiden (rice fields given to gunji (local magistrate) and konden (newly developed rice fields) were categorized as yosoden and shikiden (rice fields given to high-ranking officials), kugaiden, ekiden, kanden (imperial rice fields), jiden (rice fields associated with temples), shinden (rice fields associated with shrines) and unemeden were categorized as fuyusoden.
- 滝川一益の敗走により、織田領である信濃、甲斐、上野が一気に空白状態となると、越後の上杉景勝や相模の北条氏直、三河の徳川家康など近隣勢力が侵攻し、旧織田領を巡る天正壬午の乱が起こる。
- As Kazumasu TAKIGAWA was routed, Oda's territory Shinano, Kai, and Ueno became void at once, and neighboring forces such as Kagekatsu UESUGI in Echigo, Ujinao HOJO in Sagami, and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA in Mikawa invaded, and Tenshojingo no ran (Tenshojingo Rebellion) occurred in the former Oda territory.
- こうした後醍醐の姿勢は皇位継承問題をきっかけとして幕府の得宗専制と衝突することとなり、1324年(正中 (元号)1)、後醍醐の蜂起計画が露呈し、側近の公家が処罰された(正中の変)。
- Godaigo's attempt to achieve political reform was motivated by a desire to avoid problems regarding the imperial succession, but this created conflict with the Tokuso autocracy of the bakufu, and in 1324 Godaigo's plan to lead an uprising was revealed, and the kuge who served as his close advisers were punished (Shochu Disturbance).
- 後醍醐天皇の『建武年中行事』や祖父二条良基の『年中行事歌合』などを参考にして元旦の四方拝から大晦日の追儺までの宮中行事100余を月の順序で記し、起源・由来・内容・特色などを記した。
- With reference to 'Kenmu nenchugyoji' (Annual Ceremonies of the Kenmu Era) written by Emperor Godaigo and 'Nenchu gyoji uta awase' (Annual Court Ceremonies Poetry competitions) written by Kaneyoshi's grandfather Yoshimoto NIJO, and so forth, the book contains some 100 imperial court functions from shihohai (ceremony called worship of the four quarters) on New Year's Day to tsuina (ceremony called to drive out evil spirits) on New Year's Eve in monthly order with the origin, source, details, and features.
- 新語彙のほとんどは、『万国公法』が日本に伝えられた後に一旦日本で定着し、日清戦争後に起きた留学ブームによって日本に訪れた中国人留学生が再度中国に持ち込んだものである(林1995)。
- After 'Bankoku Koho' was brought to Japan, most of new vocabulary was once settled down in Japan and they were brought back to China by Chinese students who visited Japan on the occasion of booming of studying in Japan occurred after the Sino-Japanese War (林 1995).
- このため明治政府は条約改正に努力したものの、逆に国粋主義者の一部には外国人を居留地に閉じ込めて、日本の伝統・文化を守るべきだと言う対外硬運動も起きて複雑な展開を見せることもあった。
- The Meiji government exerted great effort to revise the treaties in order to regain sovereignty over the remaining settlements, but one nationalist faction began a movement to insist that on the contrary, Japanese tradition and culture would be best protected by continuing to confine foreigners to the settlements, rendering the situation still more complex.
- その後新設された法典調査会で、穂積陳重、富井政章、梅謙次郎が旧民法の修正を基本としつつ、ドイツ民法の草案や各国の民法をも参照して、現行の民法(明治29年法律第89号)が起草された。
- Subsequently in a newly-established Investigation Committee of Codes, Nobushige HOZUMI, Masaakira TOMII and Kenjiro UME, focusing corrections of the Old Civil Code and referring to the draft of the German Civil Code, drafted the present Civil Code (Act No.89, 1896).
- 義家の二男の義親は父譲りの剛勇で知られ、対馬国守に任じられて九州に赴任していたが、康和3年(1101年)大宰大弐大江匡房から義親が人民を殺し、略奪を行っているとの訴えが起こされた。
- Yoshichika, the second son of Yoshiie, and was known for his bravery inherited from his father, was assigned to Kyushu as Tsushima no kuni no kami (Governor of Tsushima Province), but OE no Masafusa, then Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor General of the Dazai-fu) charged that Yoshichika was killing people and looting in 1101.
- さきの米朝修好通商条約の第一条には「周旋条項」(朝鮮が他国との紛争が起こった場合、アメリカが仲裁することを定めた条項)が挿入されているが、これは勢力均衡を条文化したものといって良い。
- With regards to the first Article of US-Korea Amity and Trade Treaty, there was 'the Article of procurement' (If a conflict occurred between Korea and other countries, the United States will arbitrate the conflict under the terms and conditions of the treaty) and this was provisions which reflected 'Balance of Power.'
- たとえば南方では、現地人と客家がしばしば対立して土客械闘という争いを起こしていたが、地方官は客家を弾圧することが多く、救いを求めて客家が一斉にキリスト教に入信するようなことがあった。
- For example, local and Hakka people frequently opposed each other, resulting in a dispute called the Punti–Hakka Clan War, but the local officials often suppressed the Hakka, and seeking help, all the Hakka became believers of Christianity.
- ところが過激な憲政擁護派らが上野恩賜公園や神田などで桂内閣をあからさまに批判する集会を開き、その集会での演説に興奮した国民の一部が国会議事堂に押し寄せるという事件を起こしたのである。
- Radical factions of the Kensei Yogo Group, however, held rallies in the Ueno Onshi Koen Park and on the streets in Kanda to bluntly criticize the KATSURA cabinet, and this event caused some of the citizens excited by the speeches at the rallies to throng to the Diet building.
- 九鬼氏は藤原北家熊野別当の末裔で紀伊国牟婁郡(現在の三重県尾鷲市)で起こり、志摩国鳥羽藩(三重県鳥羽市)を拠点に九鬼水軍を統率し秀吉の九州攻めや朝鮮出兵で水軍総督を務めた大名である。
- The Kuki clan was a daimyo descended from Kumano betto (title of an official who administered the shrines at Kumano) of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan originating in Muro County, Kii Province (modern day Owase City, Mie Prefecture), and was the leader of Kuki Suigun navy whose strategic point was located in Toba Domain in Shima Province (present-day Toba City, Mie Prefecture) acting as the general leader of Suigun navy in Hideyoshi's invasion of Kyushu and the dispatch of troops to Korea.
- また、朝廷の行動が実際の救済行動に結びついたことで、幕府の朝廷統制によって江戸時代を通じて忘れられかけていた朝廷の存在を民衆に再度思い起こさせる結果となり、尊王論の興隆の一因となった。
- The act by the Imperial Court led to the actual relief reminded the people of the existence of the Imperial Court, which had been almost forgotten throughout the Edo period due to the tight control on the Imperial Court by the bakufu, as a result this incident became one of the causes to rise the sonnoron (imperial loyalism).
- 東アジア国際秩序は、アヘン戦争以降それまであった華夷秩序から条約体制へのシフトが起こったが、清朝と欧米諸国との新たな関係がすぐに他の東アジア諸国との関係に直接的に波及したわけではない。
- With regards to order of international society in East Asia, there was a transition from former Kaichitsujo to treaty system after the Opium War, but the new relationship between the Qing dynasty and Western countries and America did not directly affect on the relations between other East Asian countries.
- 発起人であった森有礼は明六社を純粋に学術的な啓蒙団体として構想し、また第30号で「時の政事に係はりて論するか如きは本来吾社開会の主意に非す」と言うように、非政治的であることを旨とした。
- Arinori MORI, the founder, envisaged Meirokusha as a pure academic enlightenment group and had a policy to be nonpolitical as he described that 'Discussing about politics is against the original aim when we established this association' in the 30th issue.
- 凹みは打撃を加えたものと回転摩擦痕跡によるものがあり、前者はクルミの殻割りや石器製作に使われたと考えられ、後者は火を起こすための火きり杵を上から押さえたものではないかと考えられている。
- The hollow was the result of receiving a blow, or the one of rotary frictions; the former showed that the stones were used for breaking the walnut shell and manufacturing stone tools while the latter indicated that pestles for making a fire were pressed down on the stone.
- また、『日本書紀』垂仁紀には、野見宿禰が日葉酢媛命の陵墓へ殉死者を埋める代わりに土で作った人馬を立てることを提案したという(埴輪の起源説話であるが考古学的には否定されている)記載がある。
- According to Suininki in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), NOMI no Sukune suggested to bury the people and horses made of earth instead of burying people who sacrifice their own lives to follow the Empress in the imperial mausoleum of Hibasuhime no mikoto (it is a narrative about the origin of haniwa [a clay figure]; however, it is not admitted archaeologically).
- 弥生時代前期末以降に発達する環濠集落は、濃尾平野以西の各地域に水稲農耕が定着した段階であり、その定着によって引き起こされた土地や水争いなどの村落間の戦いに備えて独自に成立したと見られる。
- Individual moat settlements were developed beyond the end of Early Yayoi period in preparation for conflicts between villages over the control of land and water, as wet-rice cultivation became established in various districts on the west side of the Nobi Plain.
- 井田は『歴史とテクスト――西鶴から諭吉まで』(光芒社、2001年)の104頁で、「脱亜論」の認定を行い、高橋義雄 (茶人)が起稿した可能性を排除できないとして、次のように結論付けている。
- On page 104 of his book 'Rekishi to Text - Saikaku kara Yukichi made' (History and Text - from Saikaku to Yukichi) (Kobosha Publishing, 2001), Ida concluded as below saying that he could not totally exclude the possibility of Yoshio TAKAHASHI (Chajin [a master of tea ceremony]) wrote it after conducting an identification of the author of the 'Datsu-A Ron.'
- 北海道開拓使の廃止直前に「開拓使官有物払下げ事件」が起きて混乱が生じたものの、1882年2月8日、予定通り北海道開拓使に代わって札幌県・函館県・根室県の3県が成立し、廃使置県が完成した。
- Though the 'Scandal concerning Disposal of Hokkaido Development Commissioner's Possession' which took place just before abolition of Hokkaido Development Commissioner resulted in a confusion, three prefectures, Sapporo, Hakodate and Nemuro, were established instead of Hokkaido Development Commissioner and Haishi Chiken was completed on February 8, 1882.
- 1876年10月24日に旧肥後藩の士族太田黒伴雄(おおたぐろともお)、加屋霽堅(かやはるかた)、斎藤求三郎ら、約170名によって結成された「敬神党」により廃刀令に反対して起こされた反乱。
- A rebellion against the law banning the wearing of swords, started on October 24, 1876 by the 'Keishin-to' party, which was formed by about 170 people including Tomoo OTAGURO, Harukata KAYA and Kyuzaburo SAITO from the warrior class in the former Higo Domain.
- 天皇家の系図は、『古事記』・『日本書紀』を初めとする史書に基づいて作られ、その起源は紀元前660年に即位した神武天皇、さらにはその始祖であるクニノトコタチなどの神々に始まるとされている。
- The genealogy of the Emperor's family is made based on history books including the 'Kojiki' (A Record of Ancient Matters) and 'Ninhonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), and the origin is regarded as Emperor Jinmu, who was enthroned in 660 B.C., and furthermore gods such as Kuninotokotachi who are the progenitor of the Emperors.
- これは当時、藩主島津忠恒が進めていた藩政改革がうまく行かず、家臣団の統制すらままならなかったからであるが、島津の不参加は一時「島津謀反」の噂を引き起こし、小倉藩の監視を受ける羽目となった。
- That was because Tadatsune SHIMAZU, the lord of the domain, unable to successfully carry out the reformation of domain duties, could not control his vassals as he wished, and as a result, their nonparticipation caused a temporal rumor of 'Shimazu Rebellion' leading to a position carefully supervised by Kokura Domain.
- 反徳川勢力は五奉行の石田三成を中心に結集し、慶長5年(1600年)6月、家康が会津の会津征伐の兵を起こして大坂を離れると、三成は毛利輝元を総大将として西軍を組織し挙兵した(関ヶ原の戦い)。
- Anti-Tokugawa powers gathered together around one of the Gobugyo (five major magistrates) Mitsunari ISHIDA, and when Ieyasu commanded an army for conquest of Aizu in July 1600, Mitsunari organized the Western Camp with Terumoto MORI as the supreme commander, and rose up in arms (the Battle of Sekigahara).
- 能の起源について正確なことはわかってはいないが、7世紀頃に中国大陸より日本に伝わった日本最古の舞台芸能である伎楽や、奈良時代に大陸より伝わった散楽に端を発するのではないかと考えられている。
- Although the origin of Noh is not clear, it is generally believed that Noh originated from gigaku (ancient pantomime in which performers wear masks), Japan's oldest theatrical art that was introduced from China during the seventh century, and sangaku (form of theater popular in Japan during the eleventh to the fourteenth century) introduced from the Asian continent during the Nara period.
- 中華思想のもとでは、外来概念は「真であること」(「普遍」的に優れている)と「自己に由来すること」(中国起源であること)の二つが同時に認められない限り、受容されることはない(佐藤1996)。
- Under Sinocenturism, imported concept was never accepted unless it was understood to be 'true' (to be excellent universally) and 'being originated in itself (to be of Chinese origin) at the same time (Sato 1996).
- 結果から言えば「妻妾論論争」は、夫婦間の私的な空間における男女平等については積極的な問題提起をしたが、公的な空間における政治的・社会的な男女同権については消極的姿勢に甘んじたと言って良い。
- As a result, it can be said that 'a dispute on wives and concubines' raised questions about the equal between men and women at a private space between husband and wife, but that it was passive against the equal of political and social rights between men and women.
- 江藤新平が建白書の直後に士族反乱の佐賀の乱(1874年)を起こし、死刑となっていることで知られるように、この時期の自由民権運動は政府に反感を持つ士族らに基礎を置き、武力闘争と紙一重であった。
- As Shinpei Eto is known to have been executed for causing the Tosa War, a revolt by family with samurai ancestors in 1874, this period of the Jiyu Minken Undo movement was characterized by the antigovernment movement led by members of the former samurai class (Shizoku) and often erupted into violence.
- また、天皇が案件を提起する場合は、天皇から中務省へ命じて詔書が作成され、中務省が起案した詔書の文案は、外記局で点検を受けて天皇または弁官へ回付されており、外記局も重要な部署と認識されていた。
- When the emperor proposed a motion, he ordered the Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) to draw up an imperial edict, the draft of which was then checked by the gekikyoku's office and sent to the emperor or the office of benkan and therefore the gekikyoku's office was also considered an important office.
- やがて10年近い年月をかけて作成された草案(ただし、現行民法典の親族、相続に相当する部分については、日本人が作成した草案)を元に、旧民法が起案・制定され、1890年に2回に分けて公布された。
- Before long the draft of the Old Civil Code based on the draft which took nearly 10 years of preparation (however, articles corresponding to relatives and heirs in the present Civil Code were written by Japanese) was prepared and enacted and was made public in twice in 1890.
- 承平・天慶の乱(じょうへい・てんぎょうのらん)は平安時代中期に、ほぼ同時期に関東と瀬戸内海で起きた平将門の乱(たいらのまさかどのらん)と藤原純友の乱(ふじわらのすみとものらん)の総称である。
- The Johei and Tengyo Wars' is the generic name given to the two wars that occurred almost at the same time during the mid-Heian period in Kanto and the Seto Inland Sea: TAIRA no Masakado's War and FUJIWARA no Sumitomo's War.
- 1930年(昭和5年)、ロンドン海軍軍縮条約を締結した政府に対し、野党と海軍軍令部、右翼団体が、政府による統帥権の干犯であると難じ、内閣総理大臣・濱口雄幸が右翼団体員に襲撃される事件が起きた。
- In 1930, the government concluded the London Naval Treaty, and then the opposition party, the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff and right-wing groups condemned the treaty as a violation of the supreme command by the government, and the Prime Minister, Osachi HAMAGUCHI was attacked by a member of a right-wing group.
- 12世紀の中葉に起こった相模国の大庭御厨の濫妨と、下総国の相馬御厨の事件は、当時における在庁官人=在地領主の変貌と、国司・目代との対立の激しさ、在地領主層の地位の脆弱さと限界を如実に示してる。
- An incident that occurred during the mid-twelfth century involving a disturbance at the Obamikuriya estate of Sagami Province and Soma-mikuriya (private estate of Soma ranch) of Shimousa Province realistically depicted the transfiguration of the Zaichokanjin being the local lord at that time, harsh conflicts between governors and mokudai (deputy provincial governor), and the fragility of the lord of the manor class.
- 1901年5月20日、安部磯雄、片山潜、幸徳秋水、西川光次郎ら6名を発起人として、日本初の社会主義政党「社会民主党 (日本 1901年)」が結成されるが、第4次伊藤内閣は直後にこれを禁止した。
- The Social Democratic Party, which is the first socialist party in Japan, was established by six founders, including Iso ABE, Sen KATAYAMA, Shusui KOTOKU, Kojiro NISHIKAWA, on May 20, 1901 but was banned by the fourth Ito Cabinet immediately after the establishment.
- なお、同年11月27日に伊藤が乗っていた人力車が馬車と衝突して大破し、転落した伊藤が重傷を負ったために井上馨内務大臣 (日本)が臨時首相代理を翌年2月7日まで務めるという交通事故が起きている。
- On November 27 of the same year, there was an traffic accident that the jinrikisha (a taxi-like vehicle pulled by a man) carrying ITO crashed a horse-drawn buggy and wrecked, and ITO fell off and badly injured, so the Minister of Home Affairs, Kaoru INOUE (Japan) served as the acting temporary prime minister until February 7 of the next year.
- そのためヤマト(倭国)内の農業開発が停滞し、ヤマト王権とその傘下の豪族達の経済力・政治力が後退したと考えられており、6世紀前半までのヤマト王統の混乱はこの経済力・政治力の後退に起因するとされる。
- For this reason, it is thought that agricultural development in Yamato (Wakoku) remained stagnant, weakening the Yamato Kingdom and the ruling elite under their jurisdiction, a situation that existed until the beginning of the sixth century.
- 続いて顕証寺蓮淳が先に実如が退避した堅田本福寺の明宗に不正ありと上申して破門処分となった(ただし蓮淳の場合には、別の意図により起こしたもので実際には本福寺は冤罪であったとされている(詳細は後述))。
- Then, Renjun of Kensho-ji Temple reported to hoshu that Meiso of Katata Honpuku-ji Temple, where Jitsunyo evacuated, was doing wrong and Meiso was excommunicated (Renjun did it for another purpose and Honpuku-ji Temple is said to have suffered a false charge; the details are mentioned later).
- 1864年(元治元年)には藩主父子の赦免などを求めて京へ軍事的に進行する禁門の変が起こると、朝廷は長州藩が京都御所へ向かって発砲を行ったことを理由に長州を朝敵とし、幕府に対して長州征討の勅命を下す。
- When the Kinmon no Hen (Conspiracy of Kinmon) occurred in 1864, in which the Choshu clan advanced its army toward Kyoto in order to ask for the Imperial Court's pardon for its lord and his son, the Imperial Court branded the Choshu clan as the Emperor's enemy for the reason that its soldiers fired at Kyoto Imperial Palace, and gave an imperial order to the bakufu to conquer the Choshu clan.
- とりわけ開化派人士や、幼児等も含むその近親者への残酷な処刑は福澤らをして激しい失望感を呼び起こし、福澤は、天津条約締結の前月には自身が主宰する時事新報の紙面において、いわゆる脱亜論を発表するに至る。
- As FUKUZAWA and his colleagues were deeply disappointed by the cruel execution to the sophisticated people of the Progressive Party and their relatives including children in particular, FUKUZAWA came to publish Datsua ron (a theory of turning away from Asia) in the Japanese newspaper Jiji Shinpo led by himself, on the previous month of the Tientsin Convention.
- 書院は土佐光起親子が書いた障壁画で有名であるが、これらの絵画は江戸幕府や後水尾上皇らの許可無しでは、外出や他人との面会もままならない一生を過ごした明正天皇を慰めるために畿内の名所を書いた物と伝わる。
- The Study was famous for paintings on the walls or fusuma of the building by Mitsuoki TOSA and his child, it is said these pictures of well known places of Provinces around Kyoto were painted to comfort Empress Meisho, who spent all her life not being able to go out or to see people without the approval of the Edo bakufu and Emperor Gomizunoo.
- 天皇空位は称徳天皇から光仁天皇に至る神護景雲4年(780年)の57日間以来462年ぶりで、以後は称光天皇から後花園天皇に至る正長元年(1428年)の7日間まで186年間起こらなかった(北朝を除く)。
- The interregnum period occurred for the first time in four hundred and sixty two years, the last recorded interregnum period was fifty seven days from the era between Emperor Shotoku and Emperor Konin in 708, after that it did not occur again for a hundred eighty six years until 1428 when there was another interregnum period for seven days between the era of Emperor Shoko and Emperor Gohanazono. (Excluding Northern Court)
- 埴輪の起源は、弥生時代後期後葉の吉備地方の首長のお墓であると考えられている弥生墳丘墓(例えば、楯築遺跡)から出土する特殊器台・特殊壺(特殊器台型土器・特殊壺型土器とも呼称される)であるといわれている。
- The origin of the Haniwa is thought to be Tokushu-Kidai (ceremonial vessel stand) and Tokushu Tsubo (ceremonial jar) (they are also called Tokushu-Kidaigata Doki and Tokushu Tsubo Gata Doki respectively) unearthed from Yayoi grave mound (Tatetsuki Tumulus for example), which was likely to be the grave of a chief of Kibi region in the latter part of the late Yayoi Period.
- しかし、元寇が起こると、その撃退に宇佐神宮などの寺社の祈祷が功を奏したと考えられたため、1281年(弘安4年)には、寺社に領地を返還することを命じる神領興行法が発せられ、田染荘は宇佐神宮に返還された。
- However, Tashibu Manor was returned to Usa-jinja Shrine due to a shinryo kogyo ho (shrine estate recovery act) ordering the return of territories to Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines which was made in 1281 because it was thought that the prayers of temples and shrines such as Usa-jinja Shrine contributed to repeling the Mongol invasions of Japan.
- ところが、一向一揆にとって法華宗の象徴ともいうべき仏敵 三好元長との戦いが終わっても一揆軍の蜂起は収まらず、法華宗以外の仏教宗派を追放すべきだとする門徒の声が、証如や蓮淳による静止命令をも振り払った。
- However, the uprising of the Ikki army did not calm down even after the battle against Motonaga MIYOSHI, the enemy of Buddhists and a symbol of the Hokke sect, and the voice of followers to drive away other Buddhist schools than the Hokke sect overwhelmed the withholding orders by Shonyo and Renjun.
- 例えば、寛喜新制の制定を巡っては藤原頼資や藤原定家が新制の濫発による権威の低下や施行を巡って政変が起きていることを指摘して批判している(『民経記』寛喜3年8月29日条・『明月記』寛喜2年4月19日条)。
- For example, FUJIWARA no Yorisuke and FUJIWARA no Sadaie criticized the establishment of Kangi shinsei, pointing out the loss of authority of shinsei caused by its excessive issue and the outbreak of political disturbances over its enforcement. (According to the section of March twenty-nine of the 3rd year of Kangi era in 'Minkeiki '(the journal by Tsunemitsu HIROHASHI) and the section of April 19 of second year of Kangi era in 'Meigetsuki' - Chronicle of the Bright Moon)
- 天保12年(1841年)10月8日妹の隆子女王と共に出奔するという不祥事を起こし、結果天保13年(1842年)7月22日に光格天皇養子・二品親王・勧修寺住職の地位が停止され、伏見宮より除籍されてしまう。
- He caused a scandalous affair in which he ran away with his younger sister, Princess Takako, on November 20, 1841, resulting in termination of his position as an adopted son of Emperor Kokaku, a second-ranked Imperial Prince, and a chief priest of Kaju-ji Temple on August 27, 1842, to be was finally expelled from the Fushiminomiya family.
- 神功皇后が三韓征伐の後、畿内に帰るとき、自分の皇子(応神天皇)には異母兄にあたる香坂皇子、忍熊皇子が畿内にて反乱を起こして戦いを挑んだが、神功皇后軍は武内宿禰や武振熊命の働きによりこれを平定したという。
- After 'Sankan Seibatsu' (The Conquest of the Three Korean Kingdoms), on the way to Kinai, Kagosaka no miko and Oshikuma no miko, who were brothers by a different mother of her son (Emperor Ojin), rebelled against her and challenged her to fight, however, Empress Jingu's Army suppressed them by work of TAKENOUCHI no Sukune and Takefurukuma no mikoto.
- 源満仲は、安和の変などの印象から、藤原氏本流に臣従していたイメージが強いが、天皇を始めとして臣、公卿などに必要に応じて起用されていた、つまり支配階級全体に奉仕する傭兵部隊としての色彩がここから感じられる。
- There was an impression that MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka served under the main branch of the Fujiwara clan since the Anna Incident, but it could be interpreted from this that mercenary army that served all ranked ruling people was mobilized as needed by the emperor, minister, and kugyo (court noble).
- 宝亀11年3月22日 (旧暦)(780年5月1日)、紀広純が覚べつ城建設を建議し伊治城を訪れた機会をとらえた呰麻呂は、俘囚の軍(俘軍)を動かして反乱を起こし、まず大盾を殺し、次に広純を多勢で囲んで殺した。
- On May 5, 780 when KI no Hirozumi visited Korehari-jo Castle proposing the construction of Kakubetsu-jo Castle, Azamaro, who caught this opportunity, moved the armed forces of barbarians (military of barbarians), and woke up rebellion to kill Otate at first, then Hirozumi surrounding with many soldiers.
- 現代においても起伏のある土地を平坦にすることを「土地をならす」というが、「なら」には平坦という意味があり、山がちな飛鳥から平坦な奈良盆地の真ん中に移った都という意味が込められているとされるのがこの説である。
- Since the word 'nara' is used to describe flattening an undulating land even in modern day, one theory states that the name came from the relocation of the capital from the mountainous place Asuka to the middle of the Nara Basin.
- 浦上四番崩れ(うらかみ よばんくずれ)は、長崎県で江戸時代末期から明治時代初期にかけて起きた大規模なキリスト教信徒への弾圧事件のことであり、浦上地区で起こった隠れキリシタンへの四度目の弾圧という意味である。
- 'Urakami yoban kuzure,' which means the fourth suppression campaign against crypto-Christians in Urakami area, refers to a large-scale crackdown on Christians which took place in Nagasaki Prefecture from the end of Edo period to the early Meiji period.
- 幕府の臣下であるはずの水戸藩へ朝廷から直接勅書が渡されたということは幕府が蔑ろにされ威信を失墜させられたということであったため、幕府は勅条の内容を秘匿し、大老井伊直弼による安政の大獄を起こす引き金となった。
- The fact that the chokusho was delivered directly from the Imperial Court to the Mito Domain that was regarded as a vassal of the bakufu meant that the bakufu was ignored and lost its dignity, so the bakufu kept the contents of the document confidential, which led to trigger the Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the bakufu) by Naosuke II, Tairo (chief minister).
- 1582年(天正10年) 荒木村重が謀反を起こし織田信長に討たれたことで重堅は三田城を開城、代わって信長の家臣であった山崎片家(堅家)が近江国山崎城より三田に入封、2万3千石の領主となり三田に藩が成立する。
- In 1582 with Murashige ARAKI killed by Nobunaga ODA due to the rebellion he rose, Shigekata surrendered Sanda-jo Castle to the Oda side; subsequently, Kataie YAMAZAKI, a vassal of Nobunaga who was from Yamazaki-jo Castle in Omi Province, entered Sanda to be the feudal lord with 23,000 koku.
- 業倫は、八代荘設立の経緯と「熊野権現垂迹縁起」の記述とを根拠として、忠重らの狼藉を、院庁下文を無視し、伊勢と同体である熊野権現を侵犯したことから律令の盗大祀御神物に相当するとして、絞刑とするべきだと勘申した。
- Based on the details concerning the establishment of Yatsushiro no sho and the description of 'Kumano Gongen Suijaku Engi,' Gyorin reported that the conducts of Tadashige etc came under the clause of Todaishi goshinbutsu of Ritsuryo code because they neglected innocho kudashibumi and offended Kumano Gongen Deity which was identical with Ise, and that they should be sentenced to death by hanging.
- 井上光貞の著書『日本国家の起源』(1960年、岩波新書)を皮切りに、直木孝次郎、岡田精司、上田正昭など、古代史学のエキスパートによって学説が発表され、王朝交替説は学界で大きくクローズアップされるようになった。
- Starting from 'Nihon Kokka no Kigen' (The Origin of Japan as a Nation) by Mitsusada INOUE (1960, Iwanami Shisho), theories were published by experts in the ancient historical science such as Kojiro NAOKI, Seiji OKADA, and Masaaki UEDA then the changes of dynasties theory came to the front in the academic community.
- また、そのルーツに関しても、黄河流域~山東半島、揚子江流域、満州~朝鮮半島など様々で、渡来の規模とともに今なお議論の対象となっている(最近の遺伝子研究ではおおむねにおいて渡来人は北東アジア起源が有力である)。
- In addition, as to the roots, it is said that they originated from various places such as from the Yellow River basin to the Shandong Peninsula, the Yangzi jiang, or from Manchuria to the Korean Peninsula, and until now still the subjects of discussion are the roots and the scale of torai (one compelling theory is that Toraijin mostly came from the North East Asia according to the latest genetic research).
- ただし、それに先立つ昭和23年に江上波夫が発表した騎馬民族征服王朝説も広い意味で王朝交替説であり、崇神天皇を起点とする皇統に着目している点など水野祐の説が江上波夫の説の影響を受けていることを指摘する学者もいる。
- However, some scholars pointed out that a prior theory of dynasty by the conquering horseback races, which was announced by Namio EGAMI in 1948 and included in the change of dynasties theories in the broad sense, affected the Mizuno's theory since both focused on the imperial line starting from Emperor Sujjn.
- 当時の日本は、鉄道や船舶の整備によって国内の移動が促進され、南北から多くの人が博覧会を観覧しにやってきていたし、また日清戦争後に起きた日本留学ブームによって、清国や朝鮮などからも来日した人々が大勢来場していた。
- In Japan many people from southern and northern part visited the exhibition thanks to improved domestic transportation such as railways and ships, in addition, after the Sino-Japanese war more and more people in China and Korea wished to come Japan to study and those foreign students also visited the exhibition.
- しかし案の上安兵衛ら江戸急進派は決定に納得せず、内蔵助をはずして代わりに原惣右衛門を大将にして独自に決起することを模索しつつ、6月には内蔵助との最後の調整のため堀部安兵衛が自ら京都へ乗り込んでくることとなった。
- However, as expected it failed to persuade the Edo radicals led by Yasubei HORIBE, and he decided to come down to Kyoto in June to settle the matter with Oishi as they began searching for a way to have Soemon HARA as a leader instead of Kuranosuke to carry out the revenge.
- 飛び起きて広間からかけつけてきた番人三人と戦っている間、小野寺幸右衛門が立て並べてある弓を発見、幸右衛門は吉良家臣一人を斬り倒したあと、すぐにそれらの弓の方へ向かって弦を切って使い物にならないようにしたという。
- While they were fighting against three guards who jumped out of bed and came rushing from the hall, Sawaemon ONODERA found bows lining up after killing one of Kira's retainers, and immediately cut off bowstrings so that they were no use.
- 大日本帝国憲法では、天皇は統治権の総攬者とされていたのに対し、日本国憲法では日本国・日本国民統合の象徴とされ、かつ国民主権原理を採用したため、日本国憲法の制定により日本の国体が変わったか否かについて起きた論争。
- Since in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the Emperor was in a position to control the right to rule, but against that, in the Constitution of Japan, is a symbol of Japan and the unity of the Japanese people and has also adopted the principle of sovereignty with the people, disputes over whether or not the national structure of Japan changed by the establishment of the Constitution of Japan, broke out.
- とはいえ、歴史としての正確性や検証性はともかくとしても、平家の落人伝説にちなんだ姓も日本国各地で存在していることも事実であり、またそうした謎の多き、闇に包まれた伝承がいわゆる歴史のロマンを想起させる要因でもある。
- Setting aside the question of correctness or historical verification, it is true that there exist surnames associated with Heike no Ochudo legends throughout Japan, and such oral traditions filled with mystery and darkness stir people's imagination for history.
- 天智4年(665年)2月(即位元年起算よると天智10年正月)、百済官制(百済の1等官)鬼室福信の功によりその縁者である鬼室集斯(きしつしゅうし)に小錦下の位を授けた(天智8年(669年)に近江国蒲生郡に送られる)。
- In February 665, due to the meritorious deeds of the First Ranking official Fukushin KISHITSU of Kudara, the rank of Shokinge was conferred to his relative Shushi KISHITSU; he was sent to Gamo County, Omi Province in 669.
- 民衆はこれを、山県の意を受けた桂が陸軍の軍備拡張を推し進めようとしたものとみなし、国民も議会中心の政治などを望んで藩閥政治に反発し、「閥族打破・憲政擁護」をスローガンとする憲政擁護運動(第一次)が起こったのである。
- The people, however, considered that KATSURA's intention was to expand armaments, following the advice of Aritomo YAMAGATA, and this provoked an angry response towards the Hanbatsu Seiji from the people who wished for constitutional government, which led to the first campaign for defending constitutionalism under the slogan 'Down with cliques from the major hans and protect constitutional government.'
- 徳川家光の時代から徳川綱吉の時代まで長く刃傷事件がなく、また綱吉時代に起こった殿中刃傷にしても、被害者がその場で殺害されており、ただ加害者を切腹させればよいだけで、被害者も加害者も生き残った例が長く存在しなかった。
- There was no affair of sword fight from the Iemitsu TOKUGAWA to Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA periods, and even for the affairs that happened inside the palace in the Tsunayoshi period, victims were killed on the spot and offenders were sentenced to seppuku; therefore, the example of both victims and offenders surviving did not exist for a long time.
- その後は、四兄弟のうち宇合の息子藤原広嗣が740年に乱を起こし討伐された(藤原広嗣の乱)こともあり、孝謙天皇朝に武智麻呂の子藤原豊成次いで藤原仲麻呂が台頭するまで、藤原氏の高位官僚の不在時代がしばらく続くことになる。
- FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu, the son of Umakai was subdued in the Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu in 740; thereafter a period of absence of high rank officials from Fujiwara clan continued for a certain time until FUJIWARA no Toyonari and FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, the sons of Muchimaro, gained power in the Emperor Koken's era.
- ペリーの『日本遠征記』によると、2度の来航で100発以上の空砲を祝砲、礼砲、号砲の名目で撃っており、日本側史料には、これが大混乱を巻き起こしたことが記録されているが、いずれも被害は無く、実戦は行っていないはずである。
- According to Perry's 'Narratives of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan,' over 100 blanks were fired during the squadron's two visits for the purposes of celebration, appreciation, and signaling, while Japanese sources write that these gun shots created great confusion, but there was no damage, and it is unlikely that actual fighting occurred.
- 前年明治6年(1873年)10月に政府内で起きたいわゆる征韓論争に敗れた征韓派参議の西郷隆盛・江藤新平・板垣退助らが下野したことは、征韓論に期するところのあった不平士族らにとって、いっそうの不満を高めることとなった。
- The resignation of Seikan-ha (supporters of sending army to Korea) Sangi (councilors), including Takamori SAIGO, Shinpei ETO and Taisuke ITAGAI, who were defeated at the Seikan Ronsou (debate on subjugation of Korea) occured in October 1873, made fuhei shizoku (former samurai with gripes) even more frustrated since they looked forward to conquer Korea.
- しかし一方では権限を越えて条約改正交渉を行おうとしたことによる留守政府との摩擦、外遊期間の大幅な延期、木戸と大久保の不仲などの政治的な問題を引き起こし「条約は結び損い金は捨て 世間へ大使何と岩倉」と狂歌の題材にされた。
- On the other hand, they caused political problems such as a conflict with Rusu-seifu due to their attempt to negotiate for treaty revision which was beyond their authority, long delay of their return from overseas and a quarrel between Kido and Okubo, which became the subject of the kyoka (comic [satirical] tanka) that went like this, 'Failed in signing a treaty, threw out money, how can you explain to the world.'
- 先の藤原利仁も、平将門の祖父の平髙望も、あるいはそれ以前に関東進出を果たしていた嵯峨源氏も、そうした「群盗蜂起」に対する治安維持の為に、京の貴族社会の中で武勇に優れたものが下向し、治安維持に当たったものと見られている。
- FUJIWARA no Toshihito, who lived earlier, TAIRA no Takamochi, who was the grandfather of TAIRA no Masakado, and Saga-Genji (Minamoto clan) that entered Kanto region even earlier than all of them sent one within the aristocratic society of Kyoto that excelled in martial arts to travel to districts to deal with the 'increase in robberies' for the sake of public peace.
- 即位説に反対して、谷川士清は安永3年(1774年)に『続大日本史私記』で水鏡の資料的価値に疑問をはさみ、即位のような大礼が天皇の死後すぐに行われたのは乱世でも考えにくいことで、乱が起きる前の時点ではなおさらだと論じた。
- Kotosuga TANIGAWA opposed to the enthronement theory and doubted the worth of Mizu Kagami as a historical material in 'Zoku Dainihonshi Shiki' (a commentary on Japanese history) in 1774 and asserted that it was inconceivable that a state ceremony of enthronement was held immediately after the death of the emperor even in a turbulent age, not to mention the war immediately followed the ceremony.
- エルトゥールル号遭難事件は、オスマン帝国末期の外交政策と海軍の弱体化がもたらした悲劇であったが、この事件で被害者に対して示された日本人の友誼は、その後も長く日土友好関係の起点として両国の関係者に記憶されることになった。
- The distress of the Ertuğrul was a tragedy caused by a foreign policy of the late Ottoman Empire and the weakened Navy; however, Japan's amity to the victims of the disaster has been long remembered by persons concerned in both countries as a starting point of friendly relations between Japan and Turkey.
- 光厳上皇が院政を敷いたが、足利家の内紛から観応の擾乱が起こり、1351年(観応2年 / 正平6年)には尊氏が南朝に帰順することで観応の擾乱正平一統が成立し、11月7日に皇太子直仁親王(花園天皇皇子)とともに廃立される。
- During that time, while retired Emperor Kogon ruled the cloister government, the Kanno Disturbance occurred due to internal struggling within the ASHIKAGA clan, after Takauji's decision to pay allegiance to the Southern Court, unification of the Imperial lineage in the Shohei era was concluded in 1351, and the Emperor and Crown Prince, Imperial Prince Naohito (Emperor Hanazono's Prince) lost their positions on November 7.
- ただし、柴田勝家や羽柴秀吉、明智光秀など、その方面軍司令官たちが擁する兵力は、上杉や毛利など、一大名の兵力をはるかに凌ぐ大兵力であり、つまり総司令官が謀反を起こして織田政権から独立しようと企てれば、簡単にできたのである。
- However, the military capability of such commanders as Katsuie SHIBATA, Hideyoshi HASHIBA and Mitsuhide AKECHI was much larger than that of an ordinary daimyo, and therefore, if a commander in chief plotted a rebellion, it was easy to carry out.
- 近代国際法や国際情勢の要請によって、主権国家として生まれ変わるべく国内改革が進められたが、その影響は国内に留まるものではなく、同じ東アジアに位置する周辺諸国(近代国際法への順応速度は異なる)との関係に摩擦を呼び起こした。
- To meet requirements of modern international law or international situation, countries in East Asia conducted internal reforms to become a sovereign nation; however, the influences of the reforms did not remain in that country but resulted in conflicts between other neighboring countries in East Asia (the speed of self-adjustment to modern international law depends on each country).
- 中国の正史・『隋書』「」には、「」(その俗(中略)自餘は軽重をもって(中略)あるいは杖す)とあり俀國(倭国)において7世紀初頭には既に杖罪が存在していた事が記されており、その起源は少なくとも6世紀にまで遡れるようである。
- The beginning of flogging can at least be traced back to the sixth century, because there is a record in China's official history book Suisho (The Book of the Sui Dynasty) which says 'in this world (…) otherwise depending on the severity (…) they get flogged', which shows that this kind of punishment existed in Yamato (Japan) at the beginning of the seventh century.
- その震災後の混乱期に、「保護検束」の名目で検挙されたアナキスト・朴烈と愛人の金子文子が、翌1924年2月15日に爆発物取締罰則違反で起訴され、1925年5月2日に朴烈が、5月4日に文子が、それぞれ大逆罪にあたるとされた事件。
- During such chaotic period after the earthquake, anarchist Bokuretsu and his mistress Fumiko KANEKO were arrested under the pretext of 'protective custody' and indicted for an offense against the Explosives Control Act on February 15, 1924, and later their charge was switched to high treason and the two were prosecuted again on May 2, 1925 and May 4 respectively.
- しかし殿中刃傷を起こした家がどうなるかは予想がついたので、大石は藩札の処理を札座奉行岡島常樹に命じ、早くも翌3月20日 (旧暦)(4月27日)には領内数箇所に藩札交換所を設けて六分率で交換させ、赤穂経済の混乱の回避に努めた。
- However, since it was predictable what would happen to the clan that caused such an attack, Oishi ordered the commissioner of finance Tsuneki OKAJIMA to deal with the money used in Ako Domain and established a few currency exchange offices on April 27, which allowed conversion of the money at the rate of 60%, in order to avoid economic confusion.
- 事実、正徳の治の間に行われた改鋳量は正徳小判・一分金合わせて約21万両であり、元禄金銀・宝永金銀(あわせて小判2545万両、丁銀146万貫)に比較すると、これだけをもってデフレを起こすほどインパクトが強いとはいえないのである。
- In fact, the amount of reminted Shotoku koban and Ichibu kin gold coin during Shotoku no chi was about 210,000 ryo, comparing to Genroku and Hoei gold and silver circulated (total 25,450,000 ryo of kobans and 1,400,000 ryo of chogins), it cannot say that this reminting had much of an impact in creating deflation.
- 刈田狼藉紛争とは、国内の武士・荘官などの間に起こった所領紛争に他ならず、刈田狼藉検断権を獲得したことによって、守護は国内の武士・荘官へ大きな影響を及ぼすことが可能となり、以後、室町期守護は国内武士・荘官の被官化を進めていった。
- Karita-rozeki disputes were just territory-related disputes occurring among warriors or shokan in a state; after shugo acquired the karita-rozeki related kendan power, they were able to have significant influence on warriors and shokan of the state, and afterward, shugo in the Muromachi period worked hard to vassalize warriors and shokan of the state.
- 仏教が百済経由で日本へ公式にもたらされた(仏教公伝)時期については、公式の史書である『日本書紀』には552年、『上宮聖徳法王帝説』や『元興寺縁起』には538年とあるが、今日では後者の538年を仏教公伝の年とするのが定説である。
- The exact year of official introduction of Buddhism via Paekche (an ancient Korean kingdom) into Japan is argued between the A.D. 552-theory (backed up by the official Japanese history book Nihonshoki) and the A.D. 538-theory (backed up by 'Jogu Shotoku Hooteisetsu' (Biography of Prince Shotoku) and 'Gango-ji Engi' (History of the Gango-ji Temple)), and today, the established theory is the latter.
- さて、この木曜会及び清交会は、元々男爵議員が集まって構成されていた会派であったが、1919年に入って、各会派に散らばっていた男爵議員による統一会派結成運動が起きると、「無所属」の男爵議員もこれに呼応して合流、公正会を結成した。
- The Mokuyo-kai and the Seiko-kai were factions which comprised of baronial members of an assembly; however, as those in each faction created a movement for forming a unity faction in 1919, baronial members in the 'Independents' also participated and formed the Kousei-kai.
- 山田がイスタンブルに滞在中に起こった日露戦争が日本の勝利に帰すと、長らくロシアから圧力を受け続けて、同じくロシアの南下圧力にさらされる日本に対する親近感を高めていたオスマン帝国の人々は、東の小国日本の快挙としてこれに熱狂した。
- When Japan won the Russo-Japanese War, which had broken out while Yamada stayed in Istanbul, the people in the Ottoman Empire went wild with joy at the news, regarding it as a brilliant achievement by a small eastern country Japan, since they had long suffered the pressure from Russia and therefore grown affinity with Japan, the country which also had been troubled by the pressure from Russia.
- つまり、弥生時代の個々の村落を統合する新しい支配者が現れる等して人々がより大きな集団を構成する際に、それまでのそれぞれの共同体の祭儀から専制的権力者の祭儀への変化が起き、各々の村落で使われていた銅鐸を埋納したというものである。
- It means that when larger groups of people were organized by a new ruler that integrated individual villages of the Yayoi period, changes occurred in the ceremonial style from one of each community to one of a man with absolute power, leading to burial of dotaku that had been used in each village.
- ところが、日本側が一旦帰国した森山からの報告を受けた後に、大阪会議や佐賀の乱への対応で朝鮮問題が後回しにされて「九月協定」への了承を先延ばしにしているうちに、朝鮮では大院君側が巻き返しが図られて再び攘夷論が巻き起こったのである。
- However, after Japanese side received a report from Moriyama who was coming back to home country for the time being, and while responding to the Osaka conference and the Saga War the Korea problem was left behind and postponed the approval for the 'September Agreement', and Daewongun regained his strength, and the principle of excluding foreigners arose again in Korea.
- また、青蓮院が属する天台宗の主要寺院が住職の世襲を認めていないのに対し、青蓮院門主の地位を子息に譲ることを強く望んで天台宗教団と鋭く対立し、一時は教団離脱をほのめかして教団に圧力をかけ、ついに世襲を認めさせた事件も起こしている。
- While major temples in the Tendai sect that Shoren-in Temple belongs to do not allow the heredity of the chief priest, he had a fierce conflict with the Tendai sect strongly insisting to give the position of the chief priest of Shoren-in, and he applied pressure implying secession from the sect, finally forcing the sect to allow heredity.
- また南北朝期の頃から、荘園公領制を支えていた職の体系が動揺し始めており、それまで職(しき)の継承は世襲による場合が多かったのに対し、職が金銭で売買されたり、必ずしも世襲によらなくなるなど、職の遷代と呼ばれる現象が起きつつあった。
- Besides, the system of shiki (the right of property, title, etc.) underlying Shoen koryo sei; the land governance system in the middle ages, started becoming unstable with the `transfer of shiki;' shiki was transferred using money or was not always succeeded by heredity while the succession of shiki (the right of property, title, etc.) had been based on hereditary transfer in most cases until then.
- 九州や中国地方の戦国大名から、やがて天下統一事業を推進していた尾張国の織田信長が1575年(天正3年)に武田氏との長篠の戦いをはじめとする戦で、鉄砲を有効活用したとされ、鉄砲が戦争における主力兵器として活用される軍事革命が起こる。
- The use of guns spread from the Kyushu and Chugoku regions to the eastern part of Japan, and Nobunaga ODA of Owari Province, who was promoting the unification of Japan, strategically used guns in battles including the Battle of Nagashino in 1575, opening the new era of military technology in which firearms became the main weapon in battle.
- 9月29日、「広嗣は凶悪な逆賊である。狂った反乱を起こして人民を苦しめている。不孝不忠のきわみで神罰が下るであろう。これに従っている者は直ちに帰順せよ。広嗣を殺せば5位以上を授ける」との勅が九州諸国の官人、百姓にあてて発せられた。
- On October 28, the emperor issued an imperial decree to the government officials and farmers in Kyushu provinces, stating 'Hirotsugu was a gyakuzoku (rebel). He was making people suffer by raising unjustifiable rebellions. He would incur divine punishment due to extreme disloyalty. Those who followed him should return to their former allegiance immediately. If you killed Hirotsugu, you would receive goi (Fifth Rank) or higher.'
- 実際に朝廷統制に用いられた法度としては、生活面においては「公家衆法度」や「若公家衆法度」などがあるが、前者は猪熊事件という一大醜聞が起きたために豊臣政権時代の公家法令の再確認という意味があり、後者は後水尾上皇がその促進者であった。
- The laws which were practically used in controlling the imperial court were, for example, 'Kugeshu-hatto' (the laws for court nobles) and 'Wakakugeshu hatto' as the laws about daily life; the former was enacted for reconfirming the court noble laws during the reign of the Toyotomi government due to a great scandal called the Inokuma Incident, and the latter was promoted by the retired Emperor Gomizunoo.
- また『平家物語』に安徳天皇は実は女子であったのではないかという疑念を起こさせるような記述があることをもとにして、浄瑠璃・歌舞伎の「義経千本桜」などでは、女子であったという筋立てを採用している(渡辺199082-122ページ参照)。
- Because there is a description in 'The Tale of the Heike' to imply that the Emperor Antoku could have been a woman, in the story of Yoshitsune Sen-bon Zakura (Yoshitsune's one thousand cherry trees) of Joruri and Kabuki there is a story based on the possibility that Emperor Antoku was a woman (WATANABE, 199082; please refer to page 122).
- 寛政6年(1794年)には、日下部勝皋が『薬師寺檫銘釈』を著して、薬師寺東塔の銘文「即位八年庚辰」の存在を指摘し、天武紀の太歳記事が元年ではなく2年にあることに注意を喚起して、壬申年は空位でないなら大友が皇位にあったのだと主張した。
- Katsushika KUSAKABE wrote 'Yakushiji Satsumei Shaku (Interpretation of Inscription of Yakushiji Temple)' in 1794 and pointed out the existence of the inscription 'the eighth year of enthronement, Boshin' on the East Pagoda of Yakushiji Temple, noted that the tai sui article of the history of Tenmu was in the second year instead of the first year, and asserted that if the Jinshin year was not an interregnum, Otomo had the Imperial Throne.
- そして事件が起きて1ヶ月後の6月に、道頓堀の五座(朝日座、難波座、中座、弁天座、角座の5つ)の中のひとつである中座で『河内音頭恨白鞘』(かわちおんどうらみのしらさや)を講演したところ、たちまち45日間も続く大ヒットとなったのである。
- In June, one month after the incident, Naka-za, one of the five za (theater) (Asahi-za, naka-za, benten-za and Kaku-za) held the performance of 'Kawachi ondo Urami no shirasaya,' and it soon became a great hit and ran for 45 days.
- 天誅組の変(てんちゅうぐみのへん)は、幕末の文久3年(1863年)8月17日 (旧暦)に吉村寅太郎をはじめとする尊皇攘夷派浪人の一団(天誅組)が公卿中山忠光を主将として大和国で決起し、後に江戸幕府軍の討伐を受けて壊滅した事件である。
- Tenchu-gumi Incident ('Tenchu-gumi no hen' in Japanese) was an incident that occurred at the end of the Edo period; it was carried out by a group of people called Tenchu-gumi (Heavenly Avenging Force) consisting of a bunch of ronin (masterless samurai) who were Sonno Joi ha (supporters of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians) including Torataro YOSHIMURA; this group rose to action in Yamato Province having a court noble Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA as the commander-in-chief on September 29, 1863 and was subsequently put down and destroyed by the army of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by the shogun).
- これは他の分野でも同様の現象が起きており、やがて特定の博士家が博士の職を世襲するために、家説を秘伝化・神秘化しながらこれに権威性と絶対性を与えていくことによって、学術そのものを氏族内部のみで世襲化する「家学」へと発展させることとなる。
- The same phenomena took place in other fields, and in order to take up the position of hakase by heredityparticular hakase families developed the learning itself into 'kagaku' inherited within the clan by making their family's theory esoteric and mystified, and by giving it authority and unequivocalness.
- ところが、今度は株持ち酒屋たちと彼らに政治献金を受けている幕閣たちの激しい抵抗が起こり、幕府はみたび文化11年(1828年)、無株者と休株の酒蔵、ならびにこれから新規に酒造りに参入しようと志す者は次の示達あるまで酒造りを禁ずるとした。
- But, this time facing fierce resistance from kabumochi breweries and cabinet officials of the Shobunate who received political donations from them, the bakufu issued the third order in 1828 to forbid mukabumono and yasumikabu breweries and those who were planning to start sake brewing business from brewing sake until the next order would be given.
- このような中での大正12年(1923年)12月27日、帝国議会の開院式に望んだ摂政裕仁親王(後の昭和天皇)が、自称共産主義者の難波大助という青年によって狙撃されるという事件が起こったが、幸いにして裕仁親王は無傷であった(虎ノ門事件)。
- Against such background, on December 27, 1923, an attempted assassination occurred where Prince Hirohito (who later became Emperor Showa) was sniped by a young man, Daisuke NANBA, a self-proclaimed communist, when the Prince was on his way to open the new Imperial Diet session, but fortunately he was unhurt (the Toranomon Incident).
- また、建築史学者と歴史家の間に法隆寺の建設年代に関する論争(法隆寺再建・非再建論争)が起こったが、現存する建物の様式論や、六国史などの文献研究はもとより、遺構調査など考古学の発掘成果も取り入れられるようになって、学問の深化が見られた。
- Historians and scholars of architectural history were in dispute about the year of construction of Horyu-ji Temple (and whether or not the temple had been rebuilt), which led to a more in-depth study of Japan's architectural history using methods such as archaeological excavation and surveying remnants of ancient structures, examining the styles of existing buildings and studying literature such as Rikkokushi (Japan's six national histories).
- 本能寺の変の直後に甲斐において河尻秀隆が武田氏の遺臣の一揆により横死したのは家康が暗躍したためともいわれるが、信長の死に乗じて甲斐・信濃に侵攻し、おなじ意図をもって旧武田領に侵攻した北条、上杉とのあいだに騒乱を起こした(天正壬午の乱)。
- Right after the Honnoji Incident, it is often said that Ieyasu worked behind the scenes of Hidetaka KAWAJIRI's unusual death by a riot of a surviving retainer of the Takeda clan in Kai Province, and taking advantage of the death of Nobunaga, Ieyasu invading Kai and Shinano Provinces started a riot between the Hojo clan and the Uesugi clan who invaded the former territory of the Takeda clan with the same intention (Tenshojingo War).
- この問題の行方によっては薩英戦争同様の事態に進展する可能性もあり、さらに神戸が香港や上海市の様に理不尽な占領下に置かれる事態も起こり得たことから、滝善三郎の犠牲によって危機回避がなされたことは日本史の流れにおいても重大な出来事であった。
- Depending on the conclusion, this incident would possibly have developed into as serious a situation as Anglo-Satsuma War, and Kobe might have been put under the unreasonable occupation like Hong Kong or Shanghai City, so it is also important in the context of the Japanese history that the national crisis could be avoided at the sacrifice of Zenzaburo TAKI.
- このころ、関東では桓武天皇5代の皇胤平将門が親族間の内紛を抑え、近隣諸国の紛争に介入したところ、在地の国司と対立、やがて叛乱を起こして自ら「新皇」(新天皇)と名乗り、朝廷の任命した国司を追放し、関東7ヶ国と伊豆国に自分の国司を任命した。
- Around this time, in the Kanto region, TAIRA no Masakado, who was an Imperial descendant of Emperor Kanmu for five generations, suppressed the internal conflicts between his relatives, and when he intervened in disputes amongst the neighboring provinces, he opposed the local Kokushi (provincial governor), soon caused insurrection and called himself 'Shinno' (new Emperor), banished Kokushi appointed by the Imperial Court, and appointed his Kokushi to 7 provinces in Kanto and Izu region.
- 崇光上皇は皇子の栄仁(よしひと)親王(伏見宮初代)の立太子を望み、1370年(応安3年 / 建徳元年)8月に後光厳天皇が自らの皇子である緒仁親王(後円融天皇)の立太子を幕府に申し出ると皇位継承問題が起こるが、緒仁への皇位継承が決定する。
- Emperor Suko wanted his son, Imperial Prince Yoshihito (Fushimi no miya I) to become Crown Prince, a problem arose as to who would become the successor of the Imperial throne when Emperor Gokogon approached the government in August 1370 to request that his son, Imperial Prince Ohito (Emperor Goenyu) become Crown Prince, in the end, Ohito became the Crown Prince.
- 武家諸法度とは、江戸幕府が慶長16年(1611年)に諸大名から誓紙を取り付けた3ヶ条に、金地院崇伝が起草した10ヶ条を付け加えたもので、元和 (日本)元年(1615年)7月に2代将軍の徳川秀忠が伏見城で諸大名に発布した(通称「元和令」)。
- Buke Shohatto consisted of the three articles of written oath which the Edo bakufu ordered territorial lords to write in 1611, plus ten articles written by Konchiin Suden which were added later, and in July 1615 Hidetada TOKUGAWA, the second shogun, issued it to territorial lords in Fushimi-jo Castle (it is also commonly known as 'Genna rei' (Genna code)).
- 明六雑誌は当今の有名の諸学士論著する所にして、議事の確、行文の実なる、其警醒〔けいせい、警告・注意喚起〕の益、提撕〔ていせい、後進を励まし指導すること〕の功に於て他書の比す可きに非れば、在官伏野を問はず必らず一部を挟んで之を読まざるを得ず。
- Meiroku Zasshi is a bulletin in which today's famous scholars discuss and write articles and it is very unique in the points of authenticity of topics, accurate texts, interests that notices bring and merits to encourage and teach juniors, so that people in both public sector and private sector have to read with holding it on the forearm.'
- そこでの決議をもとに、請願活動や高利貸との交渉を行うも不調に終わり、租税の軽減・義務教育の延期・借金の据え置き等を政府に訴えるための蜂起が提案され、大宮郷(埼玉県秩父市)で代々名主を務める家の出身である田代栄助が総理(代表)として推挙された。
- Based on the decisions they made there, they had petitioning activity and negotiations with usurers only to fail, therefore, an uprising was proposed in order to make an petition for tax reduction, postponement of compulsory education and deferment of debt to the government, and Eisuke TASHIRO, whose family acted as a nanushi (village headman) for generations in Omiyago (Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture) was recommended for their representative.
- 乱を起こした側としては、治安維持の任につく武芸の家の者としての勲功認定、待遇改善を目指す動きを条件闘争的にエスカレートさせていった結果として叛乱に至ってしまった面を持ち、また鎮圧側も、乱を鎮圧することでやはり自らの勲功認定、待遇改善を図った。
- The Samurai that fought with the rebels aimed to gain formal recognition for their profession and improve the living conditions for the samurai families that were responsible for maintaining security, while the Samurai who fought against the rebels were also fighting for recognition and better conditions.
- 江戸時代末期・明治時代の開国による外交関係の樹立から大陸情勢への関係が不回避となると、当時の武将達が三韓征伐を想起したように、秀吉の朝鮮出兵もクローズ・アップされるようになり、大陸への進出は豊臣秀吉公の遺志を継ぐ行いだと考えるものも多くなった。
- When involvement in situations in the continent became inevitable as a result of the establishment of diplomatic relationships by opening Japan in the last days of the Edo and the Meiji periods, same as commanders at the time of war were reminded of sankan-seibatsu (the conquest of three countries in old Korea), dispatch of troops by Hideyoshi came to be closed up and many came to consider advancing into the continent was conduct following Hideyoshi's wishes.
- 井上は、政府の法律顧問であったドイツ人・ロエスレル(ロェスラー、Karl Friedrich Hermann Roesler)やモッセ(Albert Mosse)などの助言を得て起草作業を行い、1887年(明治20年)5月に憲法草案を書き上げた。
- Inoue was advised from a German official legal adviser, Karl Friedrich Hermann ROESLER and Albert MOSSE to prepare a constitutional draft, and completed the final draft in May, 1887.
- 国衙軍制の可能性を指摘し、それが武士の起源に関係することを論じたものには、石井進『中世成立期軍制研究の一視点』(「史学雑誌」78編12号所載、1969年)や戸田芳実『国衙軍制の形成過程』(「中世の権力と民衆」所載、創元社、1970年)などがある。
- The papers that pointed out the possibility of the kokuga forces system and discussed the relation of the system to the origin of samurai include 'A viewpoint concerning research about the military system in the early medieval period' written by Susumu ISHII ('Shigaku zasshi' (Journal of Historical Studies), No. 12, vol. 78, in 1969) and 'The process in which the kokuga forces system was formed' written by Yoshimi TODA (recorded in 'Power and the general public in the medieval period,' published by Sogensha, in 1970).
- この時革命を起こそうと考えた者の武装やヤクザの抗争の影響でより一層武器の取締りが厳しくなり、特に銃器関連を所持するには銃器にもよるが、数ヶ月期間の審査が必要であり、少なくとも暴力行為を前提に銃器を合法的に所持するのは日本では事実上不可能になった。
- Since those who planned revolutions bore arms and gangs (yakuza) started conflicts, the law was reinforced and a several month examination (the period depends on the kind of firearms) was required to possess a firearm-related weapon, making the legal possession of firearms for the purpose of violence virtually impossible in any event in Japan.
- また、明治維新が起こると、近代港として神戸港が整備されると知るや、幕末から明治維新の混乱による財政の立て直しと廃藩置県で困窮する三田藩士を救うべく、藩士の白洲退蔵(白洲次郎の祖父)、小寺泰次郎らとともに「志摩三商会」という神戸初の輸入商社を設立する。
- Furthermore, after the Meiji Restoration and upon receiving the information that the Kobe Port would be improved as one of the modern ports, he founded the first import business in Kobe named 'Shima San Shokai' with domain's retainers Taizo SHIRASU (grandfather of Jiro SHIRASU) and Taijiro KODERA to save the domain's finance crisis caused by the confusion from the end of Edo period to the Meiji Restoration and to help the feudal retainers of Sanda Domain who had been reduced to poverty due to Haihan-chiken.
- 1881年(明治14年)10月、急進的な議会制度の早急な 実施を求めていた肥前の大隈重信が、明治14年の政変によって明治政府を離脱せざるを得ない事態となり、板垣同様、明治政府の外から明治政府にイギリス的な憲法と議会政治を求める運動を起こす道を歩み始めた。
- In October, 1881, Shigenobu OKUMA from Hizen, who requested the enactment of a radical parliamentary system, had to resign from the Meiji Government because of the political change which happened in the same year, and like Itagaki, he initiated a campaign to seek a constitution and a parliamentary government like those of Great Britain from outside of the Meiji Government.
- しかし、当時既に開設されていた電信によりいち早く彼らの蜂起とその規模を知った政府は、一部汽車をも利用して警察隊・憲兵 (日本軍)等を送り込むが苦戦し、最終的には東京鎮台の鎮台兵を送り郡境を抑えたため、11月4日に秩父困民党指導部は事実上崩壊、鎮圧された。
- However, the government, getting information on their uprising and its scale instantaneously by telegram that had already been in use at that time, sent a troop of police and military police (Japanese Army) partially by train only to face uphill fights, but finally soldiers in Tokyo Chindai Army (garrison in Meiji period) brought the county boundary under their control, leading the leaders of the Konmin Party to the collapse and subjugation on November 4.
- 本書はセオドア・ルーズベルト、ジョン・F・ケネディ大統領など米国の政治家のほか、ボーイスカウト創立者のロバート・ベーデン・パウエルなど、多くの海外の読者を得て、逆輸入される形で新渡戸門下生の矢内原忠雄の訳により日本語版が出版され「武士道」ブームを起こした。
- The book was read by a lot of people abroad including American politicians such as Theodore Roosevelt, presiding John F. Kennedy and a founder of Boy Scout Robert Baden-Powell and the Japanese version translated by Tadao YANAIHARA who was a disciple of Nitobe that was published by reimport and created a boom in 'Bushido'.
- その後イギリス総領事のオールコックは著書『大君の都』の中で日本の本位貨幣である天保小判が金貨4ドル分の金を含有し、一分銀には素材価値以上の価値が設定されていたことにより金貨流出につながったことを認めているが、それは小判の大量流出が起こった後のことであった。
- Later, an English consul general ALCOCK, in his book 'Okimi no Miyako' (the capital of the tycoon), admitted that gold coins were poured out of Japan because a value higher than that of raw materials was attached to ichibu-gin silver coins while Tenpo koban, Japanese standard coins, contained the same amount of gold as gold coins worth four dollars, but it was after the massive outpouring of koban.
- 続いて山縣伊三郎逓信大臣と阪谷芳郎大蔵大臣が鉄道予算の問題で対立して共に辞表を明治天皇に提出しようとした際には、両名を天皇の前に連れてくるだけの西園寺までが辞表を提出してしまい、原と寺内正毅陸軍大臣が必死に説得して西園寺の辞表のみを撤回させる騒ぎも起きた。
- After that, when both Isaburo YAMAGATA, the Minister of Correspondence and Yoshio SAKATANI, Minister of Finance, were going to hand in their resignationletters to the Emperor Meiji after their conflict over the railway budget problem, Saionji, who was only expected to take them to the emperor, handed in his own letter of resignation; Hara and Masatake TERAUCHI, Minister of Army, worked very hard to persuade Saionji to take back his resignation.
- 日本書紀において 巻九に神功皇后摂政「66年 是年 晋武帝泰初二年晉起居注云 武帝泰初(泰始)二年十月 倭女王遣重貢獻」と中国と倭の女王の記述が引用されており、収録するにあたってヤマト王権と「卑弥呼」を関連づけさせる為に伝承が作り上げられたという説がある。
- In volume 9 of Nihonshoki, the description on Princess of China and Princess of Wa (Japan) 'According to a record keeper of Jjin Dynasty of China, the Empress of Japan paid a tribute to the Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty on October, 266' was quoted; and there is a theory that the tradition was made up in order to link 'Himiko' (first known ruler of Japan) with Yamato dynasty/Yamato (Imperial) Court, in editing the document.
- しかしながら、蘇我赤兄の外孫である山辺皇女が、持統天皇に排除された夫の大津皇子に殉死したり、また文武天皇の妻の石川刀子娘が、天皇崩御後に某男との関係を持った事からその身分を剥奪され、子の広成皇子・広世皇子も連座して皇族の身分を剥奪される事件なども起こしている。
- However, several unfortunate incidents befell the throne: Princess Yamanobe no Himemiko, a sotomago (grandchild from a daughter married into another family) of SOGA no Akae followed her husband Imperial Prince Otsu to the grave when he was eliminated by Empress Jito, and ISHIKAWA no Tone no Iratsume, the wife of the late Emperor Monmu, was stripped of her rank due to infidelity and her children Hironari no Oji and Hiroyo no Oji were stripped of their standing as members of the Imperial family by association.
- 被告人は、公務執行妨害罪及び傷害罪で起訴されたが、巡査による写真撮影は違法捜査であるから、適法な公務執行ではなく、これに抵抗しても公務執行妨害罪は成立しない、として争った(違法な公務執行がなされた場合に公務執行妨害罪が成立しないことは、一般に認められている)。
- The defendant was charged with obstruction of performance of official duties and bodily injury, but he claimed that the police officer's photographing was an illegal investigation and therefore the official duties were not legal and the charge was not valid (it is generally accepted that the charge for obstruction of performance of official duties is not valid when the official duties are illegal).
- 実際、長門国守と紛争を起こした在庁官人が意趣返し的に苛政上訴を行う事例や、丹波国守を苛政上訴していた百姓らがその直後に当該国守を称揚する書状を提出した事例、上訴百姓が京にある国守宅に焼き打ちした事例など、むしろ郡司・百姓層に私欲的な姿勢を見いだすこともできる。
- In fact, rather selfish desires of Gunji and farmers can be seen in some cases: for example, Kokushi kasei joso was a revenge by zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods) who had an argument with Nagato no kuni no kami (governor of Nagato Province); farmers submitted a letter to praise their Tanba no kuni no kami immediately after Kokushi kasei joso; and appealing farmers set fire to the kokushi's residence in Kyoto.
- そのため、時期によって差異はあるものの、その性質上当然に施行されるべき法律は別として、台湾統治のために設置された台湾総督府の長たる台湾総督が発する命令 (法律)(律令)という形で立法権を委任する(委任が包括的であったため、憲法違反ではないかという議論が起きた。
- Therefore, although some variations were observed depending on the period, the government delegated the legislative power to the governor-general of Taiwan Sotokufu, which was founded for the administration of Taiwan, by granting authority to issue orders (laws or ordinances) with the exception of the laws that should be enforced in Taiwan for its nature (The delegation was comprehensive, so some people argued that it might be against the Constitution).
- 下賜当時、西南戦争・竹橋・自由民権運動などの社会情勢により、設立間もない軍部に動揺が広がっていたため、これを抑え、精神的支柱を確立する意図で起草されたものされ、1878年(明治11年)10月に陸軍卿山縣有朋が全陸軍将兵に印刷配布した軍人訓誡が元になっている。
- At the time of the grant, the newly organized military had been shook up due to social unrest caused by Seinan War, Takebashi and Movement for democratic rights, and therefore, in order to settle the situation and establish a mental pillar they drafted the imperial rescript, which was made from the admonition for military men printed and distributed to all the officers and soldiers by Aritomo YAMAGATA, director general of the army, in October, 1878.
- 壬午事変(じんごじへん)とは、1882年7月23日に、大院君らの煽動を受けて、李氏朝鮮のソウル特別市(後のソウル特別市)で大規模な兵士の反乱が起こり、政権を担当していた閔妃の政府高官や、日本人軍事顧問、日本外交官らが殺害され、日本公使館が襲撃を受けた事件である。
- The Imo incident, (also known as the Jingo incident) was a massive soldiers' revolt that occurred under the incitement of Daewongun on July 23, 1882, in Seoul special city during the Joseon Dynasty (same as the later Seoul Special City), during which many people such as high-ranking government officials of Queen Min's, a Japanese military advisor, and Japanese diplomat were killed, and the Japanese legation was attacked.
- 1982年(昭和57年)から1988年(昭和63年)まで京都市と京都府仏教会・京都市仏教会とが深刻な対立抗争を繰り広げ、ついには多くの寺院の拝観停止や行政訴訟の提起にまでいたった、いわゆる「古都税問題」では、仏教会の理事長あるいは会長として反対運動の先頭に立った。
- In the so-called 'old capital tax issue' in which Kyoto City Government severely fought against Kyoto Prefecture Buddhist Organization and Kyoto City Buddhist Organization from 1982 to 1988 leading to suspension of viewing in may temples and submission of an administrative lawsuit, he spearheaded the protest campaign as a president or a chairman of the Buddhist Organizations.
- 愛国公党を結成して5日後の1874年1月17日、板垣退助(前参議)、後藤象二郎(前参議)、江藤新平(前参議)、副島種臣(前参議)、由利公正(前東京府知事)、岡本健三郎(前大蔵省大丞)、および起草者の古沢滋、小室信夫の8名は、連名で民撰議院設立建白書を左院に提出した。
- On January 17, 1874, five days after establishing the Aikokukoto Party, eight people, Taisuke ITAGAKI (former Sangi councilor), Shojiro GOTO (Former Sangi councilor), Shinpeo ETO (Former Sangi councilor), Taneomi SOEJIMA (Former Sangi councilor), Kimimasa YURI (Former Governor of Tokyo Prefecture), Kenzaburo OKAMOTO (Former Okura-sho Taijo [Senior Secretary of the Ministry of the Treasury]), drafter Shigeru FURUSAWA and Shinobu KOMURO presented the 'Minsen Giin Setsuritsu Kenpaku Sho' to the Council of the Left in their joint names.
- 薩長や岩倉らが実権を掌握するためには、武力蜂起により親徳川派中心の摂政・関白その他従来の役職を廃止して天皇親政の新体制を樹立し、慶喜には辞官・納地(旧幕府領の返上)を求めて新政権の中心となることを阻止することが必要となり、王政復古 (日本)へ向かっていくことになった。
- In order for Saccho and Iwakura group to obtain real power, it was necessary for them, through military uprising, to abolish regent, chancellor and other conventional posts mainly taken up by pro-Tokugawa people, to establish a new system to realize direct rule by the emperor, and to inhibit Yoshinobu from being the core of the new government by asking him to surrender the post and domains (former terriroty of the bakufu) to the Imperial Court, and this situation led to the movement of the Restoration of Imperial Rule.
- この計画は「花粉の少ない森づくり」というプロジェクト名で、自然保護活動家として知られる作家のC.W.ニコル氏らが代表発起人となり、多摩地域のスギ林の伐採および花粉の少ない品種のスギや広葉樹への植え替えなどを50年計画で行い、今後10年間で花粉の量を2割削減するという。
- The project, which is named 'Kafun no Sukunai Morizukuri' (lit. The Creation of Low-Pollen Forests) and has conservationist and author C. W. NICOL serving as representative promoter, aims to fell Japanese cedar forests in the Tama area and transplant them with low-pollen Japanese cedar cultivars and broadleaf trees over a 50 year period as well as reduce pollen levels by 20% over the next 10 years.
- 千葉介、上総介一族が、頼朝に加担したのは、『吾妻鏡』にいうような、両氏が累代の源氏の郎等であったからではなく、平家と結んだ下総の藤原氏、そして常陸の佐竹氏の侵攻に対して、頼朝を担ぐことによってそれを押し返し、奪い取られた自領を復活する為の起死回生の掛けであったといわれる。
- It is said that the reason why the families of Chiba no suke and Kazusa no suke joined Yoritomo was not because they were followers of the generations of the Genji family as stated in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East); rather, they supported Yoritomo to fight back against the attacks by the Fujiwara clan of Shimosa, who was aligned with the Taira family, and the Satake clan of Hitachi in an attempt to recover their lost territories, which was a revival gamble.
- 千葉介、上総介一族が、頼朝に加担したのは、『吾妻鏡』が美化して伝えるような、両氏が代々源氏の家人であったからではなく、平家と結んだ下総国の藤原氏、そして常陸国の佐竹氏の侵攻に対して、頼朝を担ぐことによってそれを押し返し、奪い取られた自領を復活する為の起死回生の掛けであった。
- The reason why Chiba and Kazusa no Suke clans supported Yoritomo was not only because they both were the servants of Minamoto clan as beautified by 'Azuma Kagami,' but to repel the invasion of the Fujiwara clan of Shimousa Province and the Satake clan of Hitachi Province by supporting Yoritomo and to recover their stolen estate as a gamble to turn things around from facing a complete defeat.
- 塩専売法実施による塩価の急激な高騰は世論を喚起し、非難は少なくなく、明治39年以後議会ごとに廃止論議が行われたが、政府はこれを肯んじることなく、改善に努めるとともに大正7年ついに収益主義を事実上廃し、公益主義を採って需給調節と塩業保護を目的とするようになり非難はおさまった。
- The steep price rise of salt caused by the enactment of the Salt Monopoly Law evoked public opinions, inviting many criticisms, and after 1906, the possibility of abolition of the law was debated at each meeting of the Diet, but the government never accepted it but worked hard to improve the law and virtually abolished private profitalism in 1918, and, by adopting public profitalism, tried to adjust the balance of demand and supply and to protect the salt industry, and then the criticisms subsided.
- 「そもそも西洋諸国に行わるる国会の起源またはその沿革を尋ぬるに、政府と人民相対し、人民の知力ようやく増進して君上の圧制を厭い、またこれに抵抗すべき実力を生じ、いやしくも政府をして民心を得さる限りは内治外交ともに意のごとくならざるより、やむを得ずして次第次第に政権を分与したる.
- In western countries, people confronted their government, and were enlightened, and rebelled against oppression, and built up arms, and a government which loses public favor could not control domestic and diplomatic affairs, and was gradually compelled to distribute ruling powers, and finally a national diet was established.
- 「脱亜論」の前段には福沢的でない「東洋に國するもの」、ごく稀な「力めて」「揚げて」、高橋の「了る」(福沢は稀)「横はる」が散見し、自筆草稿が発見されぬかぎり高橋が起稿した可能性を排除できないから、前回同様、福沢が高橋の原稿を真っ黒に塗抹したものとして、ほとんどAとしておこう。
- In the first paragraph of the 'Datsu-A Ron,' there are some unusual expressions for Fukuzawa such as '東洋に國するもの,' '力めて' and '揚げて' which Fukuzawa rarely used, Takahashi's favorite word '了る' (Fukuzawa rarely used this) and '横はる;' so unless his hand written draft was found, we cannot totally exclude the possibility of the author being Takahashi but I say 'Almost A' assuming that Fukuzawa painted Takahashi's draft in black like he did before.
- 天狗党の乱(てんぐとうのらん)とは、元治元年3月27日 (旧暦)(1864年5月2日)に起きた、水戸藩藩士藤田小四郎ら尊皇攘夷過激派による筑波山での挙兵と、その後これに関連して各地で発生した争乱のことである(元治元年12月17日 (旧暦)(1865年1月14日)に主導者投降)。
- Tenguto no Ran (Rebellion of Tenguto) was raising of an army at Mt. Tsukuba on May 2, 1864 by the radical party of Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) including Koshiro FUJITA, a feudal retainer of Mito Domain and others, as well as the following related conflicts occurred all over the country (the main leader surrendered on January 14, 1865).
- 壬申の乱(じんしんのらん)とは天武天皇元年(672年)に起きた日本古代最大の内乱であり、天智天皇の太子・大友皇子(おおとものみこ、明治3年(1870年)、弘文天皇の称号を追号)に対し皇弟・大海人皇子(おおあまのみこ、後の天武天皇)が地方豪族を味方に付けて反旗をひるがえしたものである。
- The Jinshin War was the biggest domestic war in ancient Japan and broke out in 672 and Emperor Tenchi's younger brother, Prince Oama (later Emperor Tenmu) launched a revolt taking powerful local clans on his side against Prince Otomo (given the name Emperor Kobun later in 1870) who was a son of Emperor Tenchi.
- ちなみに、「浦上一番崩れ」は1790年(寛政2年)から起こった信徒の取調べ事件、「浦上二番崩れ」は1839年(天保10年)にキリシタンの存在が密告され、捕縛された事件、「浦上三番崩れ」は1856年(安政3年)に密告によって信徒の主だったものたちが捕らえられ、拷問を受けた事件のことである。
- By the way, 'Urakami ichiban kuzure' is interrogations of Christians starting in 1790, 'Urakami niban kuzure' is an incident in 1839 where Christians were betrayed and captured, and 'Urakami sanban kuzure' is an incident in 1856 where leading worshipers were betrayed, captured, and tortured.
- 18世紀には、主にロシア、イギリス、フランスなど帝国主義時代の欧米列強が日本へも接近し、日本人漂流民の返還のために蝦夷地へ来日したアダム・ラクスマンの来航(寛政4年(1792年))といった諸外国が通商を求める出来事や、1811年(文化8)のゴローニン事件といった摩擦・紛争が起こり始めた。
- In the 18th century, the allied western powers of imperialism such as Russia, England and France approached Japan thus some issues and disputes started to occur such as the arrival of Adam Kirillovich Laksman who came to Ezo to return Japanese castaways in 1792 and the Golovnin Incident of 1811.
- 冬の陣では出陣させるのは譜代大名のみに限ろうと考えていた徳川家康は、この夏の陣においては豊臣恩顧の大名に敢えて大坂を攻めさせることにより、将来的に徳川家に掛かってくる倫理的な非難を回避しようとしたとされている(江戸時代に徳川家が豊臣家を滅ぼしたことに対する道徳的議論が起こることはなかった。
- It is said that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA thought to use only fudai daimyo (daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) to go into battles of the Fuyu no Jin (Winter Siege of Osaka), while in the Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka) by ordering the daimyo who had been favored by the Toyotomi Family to attack Osaka Castle, he tried to avoid ethical accusation to the Tokugawa Family in later years.
- 高梨政盛の代に、越後守護代の長尾氏と関係を強めるため、長尾能景に娘(政盛と能景は同年代であるため、政高の娘である可能性が高い)を嫁がせるが、その娘が産んだ長尾為景(上杉謙信の父)が越後守護代となり、室町末期には越後で守護上杉氏と長尾家の争いが起きると、高梨氏もそれに巻き込まれることになった。
- In Masamori TAKANASHI's time, to strengthen the connection between the Takanashi and Nagao clans, the deputy governor of Echigo, Masamori, had his daughter marry Yoshikage NAGAO (since Masamori and Yoshikage were at the same age, she was probably a daughter of Masataka) and the daughter bore Tamekage NAGAO (the father of Kenshin UESUGI), who ultimately became a deputy governor of Echigo, so that the Takanashi clan was involved in the conflict between the Uesugi clan, the governor of Echigo, and the Nagao clan in Echigo during the late Muromachi period.
- 遠景の後について、中原親能・武藤資頼が継いだとする説もあるが、瀬野精一郎は、遠景後の後継者について諸説あることをまとめた上で、「鎮西奉行は一般的呼称にすぎず、鎌倉幕府の正式な官職名ではなかったとする説(佐藤進一説)もあるごとく、その性格がなお不明瞭な点が多いことに起因しているといえる」と指摘している。
- There are theories stating that NAKAHARA no Chikayoshi and Sukeyori MUTO succeeded the post of Chinzei Bugyo after Tokage, but alluding to the existence of numerous theories regarding the successor of Tokage, Seiichiro SENO (Japanese historian) points out that, 'The Chinzei Bugyo was nothing but a common title and we can say that this is due to its vague nature as a job as there are theories denying it an official title (theory purported by Shinichi SATO).'
- 明治政府が明治元年(1868年)3月に発した太政官布告神仏分離令や明治3年(1870年)の大教宣布などの法令は、仏教排斥を意図したものではなかったが仏像・仏具の廃棄を神宮寺の社僧に抑圧されていた神職が暴力的に行い、檀家制度のもとで、寺院に搾取されていると感じる民衆がこれに加わり、各地に廃仏毀釈運動が起きた。
- The Meiji Government issued the edict of Separation of Shinto and Buddhism by Dajokan (Grand Council of state) in March 1868, and the Imperial Edict for Establishment of Shinto in 1870, although they did not intend to exclude Buddhism, Shinto priests who were oppressed by the priests attached to Jingu-ji Temple abusively destroyed Buddha statues and Buddhist objects, and the people who felt being exploited by the temple under the danka (parishioner) system joined the movement then it led to the Haibutsu-kishaku Movement in various places.
- 特にその中でも大功は永久的な私有を認めた文字通りの例外中の例外といって良く、歴史上確認できるのは、藤原鎌足(645年)・恵美押勝(758年)・平清盛(1167年)・源頼朝(1190年)の4人だけ(いずれも100町)であると見られている(しかも、押勝と清盛は本人又は子孫が謀叛を起こしたとして収公されている)。
- In particular, getting Daiko class (granting of permanent inheritence of rice fields) was an exceptional case and only four persons have been recognized as Daiko in history: FUJIWARA no Kamatari (645), EMI no Oshikatsu (758), TAIRA no Kiyomori (1167), and MINAMOTO no Yoritomo (1190), each person being granted 991,740 square meters of land (Koden was confiscated from Oshikatsu and Kiyomori for the reason that they or their descendants had rebelled against the government).
- 仮に後白河法皇の奥州後三年記後白河法皇の承安版『後三年絵』と同時期の1171年(承安 (日本)1)前後としても、『信貴山縁起絵巻』から、『愚菅抄』において慈円が「日本国の乱逆と云ふことはをこりて後、むさ(武者)の世になりける也」と書いた「保元の乱」、「平治の乱」を挿んで、更にその10年近く後ということになる。
- Even if 'Gosannene' (the picture scroll depicting the Gosannen War - the Later Three Years' War) of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, which was the Joan version of 'Oshu-gosannen-ki' (A Chronicle of Later Three Year's War in Oshu), was written around same period of year 1171, it was close to ten years after 'Hogen Disturbance' and 'Heiji Disturbance' written in 'Shigisan engi emaki' to 'Gukansho' by Jien as 'revolutions in Japan that led to the world of musa (samurai).'
- その後、総理となった犬養毅が軍縮をしようとしたところ、五・一五事件で決起将校に殺害され政党政治が終結を迎え、戦時中には軍の圧力により逼塞状態にあった鳩山一郎が、戦後に総理就任を目前で連合国軍最高司令官総司令部からこの時の事を追及されて、軍部の台頭に協力した軍国主義者として公職追放となるなど皮肉な歴史を辿る事となった。
- Later, ironic histories were repeated, which means that Tshuyoshi INUKAI, who became Prime Minister tried to do disarmament, was killed by an officer who rose in revolt at the May 15th Incident, then the party government came to an end, and Ichiro HATOYAMA who was confined during the war by the military pressure was accused by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers and purged as a militarist cooperated the rise of the military just before the assumption of the Prime Minister after the war.
- 陰陽師もしくはそれを下地にした物語の式神は、和紙札の状態(式札と呼ばれる)で、使用時には鳥や獣等へ術師の意志で自在に姿を変えるというように描かれることが事が多いが、『不動利益縁起』に描かれる式神は、室町時代から江戸時代にまでの、擬人化された鶏や牛の器物(道具)の妖怪と同じものであり、これは荒ぶる神としての式神をあらわしている。
- In most literature and tales about, or involving an Onmyoji, the Shikigami that the Onmyoji employed usually appears in the form of a piece of washi (Japanese paper) that morphs into a bird or beast according to the will of Onmyoji, but the 'Fudo-riyaku-engi' describes the Shikigami as an anthropomorphic vessel (tool) shaped as a bird or cow, much like the specters and demons throughout the Muromachi period to the Edo period and it depicts the Shikigami as a violent god.
- アヘン戦争(1840年 - 1842年)の敗北により結ばれた南京条約の締結(1842年)に続き、アロー号戦争(1857年 - 1860年)、清仏戦争(1884年 - 1885年)、日清戦争(1894年 - 1895年)、義和団の乱(19世紀末 - 20世紀初頭)といった事件が起こっていき、帝国主義列強に侵略されていくことになる。
- After concluding the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 following the Opium War (1840 – 1842), China endured the Arrow War (1857 – 1860), the Sino-French War (1884 – 1885), the Sino-Japanese War (1894 – 1895) and the Giwadan War (late 19th century – early 20th century) before being invaded by powerful countries of imperialism.
- 院政中には2回の元の対日侵攻(元寇)が起こり、自ら伊勢神宮で祈願するなど積極的な活動を行った(当時の治天・亀山上皇と天子・後宇多天皇の父子いずれかが「身を以って国難に代える祈願」を伊勢大神宮に奉ったことは史実のようだが、さて父子のどちらにその祈願を帰すべきかは、大正年間に学者の間で大論争を呼んでいまだ決着のつかない問題である)。
- During his reign the Mongolians invaded Japan (Genko, Mongolian Expeditions against Japan) twice, the Emperor acted eagerly to pray at Ise Jingu Shrine, etc. (During this period, both the Retired Emperor Kameyama and Emperor Gouda, father and son, prayed at Ise Jingu Shrine and were ready to sacrifice themselves to help the nation, however it is not clear who to appreciate for this, the Retired Emperor Kameyama or Emperor Gouda, and this was a big controversial theory between the scholars during the Taisho period and the issue still has not been concluded.)
- 渡辺家はもともと徳川家康の家来で「槍の半蔵」の異名を取った渡辺守綱(天文 (元号)11年(1542年) - 元和 (日本)6年(1620年))の末裔であるが、鉄砲にも興味を持ち、その鋳造に用いる火を起こすのに青松葉を使ったとか、知行地から年貢を受け取るとき、青松葉を俵に挿して数えた、などという逸話が多いことから「青松葉の渡辺」といわれていたらしい。
- The Watanabe family was originally a descendant of Moritsuna WATANABE (1542 - 1620), whose imyo (another name) was 'Hanzo of Spear' and was a retainer of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and there were many anecdotes such as that the family was also interested in teppo (gun) and aomatsuba (blue pine needle) was used for starting a fire to cast it or that when taking nengu (land tax) from chigyo-chi (territory) they were counted with aomatsuba inserted in the bales, which is why they were called 'WATANABE of aomatsuba.'
- なお、統帥権独立の考えが生まれた源流としては、当時の指導者が、政治家が統帥権をも握ることにより幕府政治が再興される可能性をおそれたこと、それといささか矛盾するが、元勲・藩閥が政治・軍事両面を掌握していたことから、後世に統帥権独立をめぐって起きたような問題が顕在化しなかったこと、南北朝時代 (日本)に楠木正成が軍事に無知な公家によって作戦を退けられて湊川で戦死し、南朝 (日本)の衰退につながった逸話が広く知られていたことなどがあげられる。
- The idea of the independence of the supreme command came originally from the facts that the leaders at that time were afraid of the revival of the government by the shogunate if statesmen acquired the supreme command, despite the contradiction to that, as the statesmen who contributed in Meiji Restoration and domain cliques had control over the both politics and military, the problems that occurred later due to the independence of the supreme command did not come to the surface, the anecdote of Masashige KUSUNOKI who died at Minatogawa River because his strategy of the war was denied by the ignorant court nobles in the Northern and Southern Court Period (Japan), and it led to the decline of the Southern Court (Japan).
- 朝鮮併合がなった際、初代総督寺内正毅は『小早川、加藤、小西が世にあれば、今宵の月をいかにみるらむ(秀吉公の朝鮮征伐に参加された小早川・加藤・小西の諸将が今生きていれば、朝鮮を日本のものとしたこの夜の月をどのような気持ちでみられるだろうか)』と歌を詠み、外務部長だった小松緑はこれに返歌して、『太閤を地下より起こし見せばやな高麗(こま)やま高くのぼる日の丸(太閤殿下を蘇らせ見せ申し上げたいものだ、朝鮮の山々に高く翻る日の丸を)』と歌い、共に太閤の成し得なかった朝鮮の編入が成功したことを喜んだ。
- When annexation of Korea was completed, Masatake TERAUCHI who was the first Governor-General of Korea, composed a waka, 'If Kobayakawa, Kato, and Konishi were alive, how would they look the moon of tonight' (If Kobayakawa, Kato, and Konishi, who were commanders took part in the war by Hideyoshi to conquer Korea were still alive, how would they look at the moon of tonight after obtaining Korea for Japan) and Midori KOMATSU who was the secretary of foreign affairs, composed in reply to it 'I would like to awake Taiko (Hideyoshi) from the underground and make him look at Hinomaru (national flag of Japan) above the mountains of Korea' (I would like to revive Taiko and show him Hinomaru flaunting above mountains of Korea) and they were delighted at success to annex of Korea which Hideyoshi could not achieve.