論争: 612 Terms and Phrases
- 論争
- controversy
- dispute
- argument
- contention
- contest
- disputation
- fight
- fray
- polemic
- tilt
- 真贋論争
- argument as to (about) the authenticity (of...)
- 偽作論争
- Controversy over the forgery
- 兵制論争
- Dispute over military system
- 宗名論争
- Sect name controversy
- 論争的な
- argumentative
- contentious
- disputatious
- 論争する
- contend
- dispute
- lock horns
- 崇仏論争
- Dispute on the worship of Buddha (Buddha worship)
- 国体論争
- Disputes over national structure
- 宗教論争
- Religious controversies
- 典礼論争
- Chinese Rites controversy
- 普遍論争
- the problem of universals
- 民法典論争
- Minpoten Ronso (Disputes over the Civil Code)
- 妻妾論論争
- A dispute on wives and concubines
- 論争の経緯
- The developments of the dispute
- 発見と論争
- Discovery and dispute
- 戦前の論争
- Disputes during the prewar period
- 疑義・論争
- Doubts and disputes
- 論争する人
- a person who disputes
- 論争の爆発
- an outburst of controversy
- 論争の解決
- Dispute resolution/Draft
- 親日派論争
- Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan
- 学者職分論争
- A dispute on the duty of scholar
- 民撰議院論争
- A dispute on democratic representatives
- 太閤検地論争
- Taiko-Kenchi Controversy
- 国語国字論争
- A dispute on a nation's script
- 本家末家論争
- Honke-matsuke-ronso (disputes between head family and branch family)
- 発祥の地論争
- Disputes on its Origin
- 論争中の主題
- the subject matter at issue
- 経済計算論争
- Economic calculation problem
- ブフォン論争
- Querelle des Bouffons
- 論争か対立で
- in a dispute or confrontation
- 辛らつな論争
- an acrimonious dispute
- 皇位継承権論争
- Disputes over the right of succession to the Imperial Throne.
- 新説を巡る論争
- Arguments over New Theories
- 論争に従事する
- engage in a controversy
- 口論する論争者
- a disputant who quarrels
- 論争にならない
- not given to controversy
- 南京大虐殺論争
- Nanking Massacre denial
- 論争のある記事
- Controversial articles
- 議論または論争
- of or involving dispute or controversy
- 論争的な態度で
- in a disputatious manner
- 仲裁できる論争
- an arbitrable dispute
- 日本資本主義論争
- Disputes on Japanese capitalism
- 安良城・勝俣論争
- Controversy between Araki and Katsumata
- 生年に関する論争
- Debate over his date of birth
- 出自に関する論争
- Debate over place of birth
- 位置に関する論争
- Controversies concerning location
- 論争の余地のない
- incontrovertible
- 儒教研究上の論争
- Disputes in the study of Ju-kyo
- 言い逃れる論争者
- a disputant who quibbles
- 論争テンプレート
- Dispute templates
- 論争の仲裁の調整
- the arbitral adjustment of the controversy
- 論争好きな弁護士
- a disputatious lawyer
- 移建・非移建論争
- There is a dispute over whether the East Pagoda and statues were transferred from the original temple or not
- 逆落しの場所の論争
- The Dispute over the Location of 'Sakaotoshi.'
- 論争の発端について
- On the beginning of the dispute
- 崩御にまつわる論争
- The argument in relation to the Emperor's death
- 改革を奨める論争者
- a disputant who advocates reform
- 怒って論争すること
- an angry dispute
- バリャドリッド論争
- Valladolid debate
- その日の激烈な論争
- burning issues of the day
- 神社事務局祭神論争
- Dispute over the enshrined deity of Shinto Shrine Jimukyoku
- 朝鮮神宮 祭神論争
- Argument over deities of Chosen-jingu Shrine
- 準拠法及び論争の解決
- Governing Law and Dispute Resolution
- 邪馬台国に関する論争
- Debates about Yamatai
- 論争の予知がないさま
- not subject to dispute
- 一時間の大半論争する
- argued for the better part of an hour
- ADHDに関する論争
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder controversies
- 東京オリンピック論争
- Tokyo Olympic Controversy
- ビルは論争が巧みだ。
- Bill is skillful in arguing and debating.
- 神道事務局 祭神論争
- Argument over enshrined deities of the Shinto Jimukyoku (Office of Shinto Affairs)
- 早雲の出自と生年の論争
- Debate over the date and place of Soun's birth
- 日蓮正宗と日蓮宗の論争
- Disputes between the Nichiren Shoshu sect and the Nichiren sect
- キリスト教に関する論争
- Christianity-related controversies
- ウィキペディア経歴論争
- Wikipedia biography controversy
- エジプトIDカード論争
- Egyptian identification card controversy
- 地球温暖化に関する論争
- Global warming controversy
- ホッケースティック論争
- Hockey stick controversy
- 方法論争 (社会科学)
- Methodenstreit
- 彼は家族論争で仲裁した
- He interceded in the family dispute
- (逆落しの場所の論争)。
- The dispute about the location of 'sakaotoshi.'
- 強い意見の相違がある論争
- a dispute where there is strong disagreement
- 論争または戦争への不参加
- nonparticipation in a dispute or war
- 熟慮または論争から退ける
- dismiss from consideration or a contest
- 論争に決着をつける交渉者
- a negotiator who settles disputes
- エホバの証人に関する論争
- Criticism of Jehovah's Witnesses
- イスラームに関係する論争
- Islam-related controversies
- リンカーン・ダグラス論争
- Lincoln–Douglas debates
- いかなる論争も含まないこと
- not involving any controversy
- GNU/Linux名称論争
- GNU/Linux naming controversy
- 故意のまた論争を呼ぶ先入観
- an intentional and controversial bias
- 彼の論争は説得力がなかった
- he argued unconvincingly
- 私と際限なく論争した神学生
- a theological student with whom I argued interminably
- 征韓論争では征韓側につく。
- In argument over the subjugation of Korea, he supported for sending army and ambassador to Korea.
- いわゆる、逆櫓論争である。
- This is called the 'Sakaro Argument.'
- 論争にやっとけりが付いた。
- The dispute was finally settled.
- その論争は完全に片付けた。
- That dispute has been settled once and for all.
- 日本の改軌論争も参照のこと。
- See also Controversy over the change of rail gauge in Japan.
- これは天台宗と論争になった。
- This triggered a controversy with the Tendai sect.
- 論争(特に信念か教義の上の)
- a controversy (especially over a belief or dogma)
- 言葉についての論争にふける人
- someone given to disputes over words
- シェイクスピアの性的指向論争
- Sexuality of William Shakespeare
- 彼はすばらしい鋭さで論争した
- he argued with great acuteness
- ラシュディの論争の的となる本
- Rushdie's controversial book
- 1880~1881年の論争。
- Dispute from 1880 through 1881
- その論争は完全に片が付いた。
- That dispute has been settled once and for all.
- 1880-1881年の論争。
- Arguments from 1880 to 1881
- 彼は長い論争に引き込まれた。
- He was engaged in a long argument.
- 生得論と経験論の間の伝統的論争
- the traditional controversy between the nativistic and empiristic theories
- 弁証法的で論争好きなアプローチ
- a dialectical and agonistic approach
- 詳しくは日本の改軌論争を参照。
- Refer to controversy about the gauge changes in Japan for the details.
- その論争で我々は彼に味方した。
- We sided with him in the controversy.
- 日本における中国の荘園を巡る論争
- The controversy on Chinese shoens in Japan
- 論争中の問題の裁定者に選ばれた人
- someone chosen to judge and decide a disputed issue
- 勉強して、紛争と論争を解決する人
- a person who studies and settles conflicts and disputes
- 泥を塗ったような心の通わない論争
- mud-beplastered arguments
- 訴訟は、冗長な論争によって遅れた
- proceedings were delayed by wordy disputes
- 論争で、どちらの側にもつかない人
- a person who won't take sides in a controversy
- 僕は虚偽を論破しようと論争した。
- I contended against falsehood.
- - 武功夜話史料的価値に対する論争
- Dispute over the value of 'Buko Yawa' as a historical material
- ここから、西行と院の論争が始まる。
- After this, a dispute between Saigyo and In begins.
- 国家神道神道事務局 祭神論争参照。
- For more information, see 'Debate Regarding the Gods to Be Enshrined,' by Shinto Jimukyoku, Kokka Shinto (State Shinto).
- その問題はいろいろな論争を呼んだ。
- The question excited much controversy.
- これは第2次景観論争といわれている。
- This is known as the second cityscape dispute.
- 重要な何かについての意見の相違や論争
- a disagreement or argument about something important
- 論争、発想または変化を受け容れやすい
- open to arguments, ideas, or change
- やかましく、あるいは怒って論争する人
- someone who argues noisily or angrily
- 彼女は論争の間眠っているふりをした。
- She pretended to be asleep during the debate.
- 研究者の間で七五三論争と呼ばれている。
- This argument is called the seven-five-three dispute among the researchers concerned.
- 特に法相宗の徳一との論争は有名である。
- In particular, the debate conducted between the Tokuitsu of the Hosso Sect is well-known.
- 孝明天皇崩御にまつわる論争を参照のこと
- Refer to the argumentation on the demise of Emperor Komei
- 法案は激しい論争ののち議会を通過した。
- The bill was passed after a hard fight in the House.
- 彼と一時間も世界平和について論争した。
- I disputed with him about world peace for an hour.
- 契約から生じる論争の仲裁に備える契約条項
- a clause in a contract providing for arbitration of disputes arising under the contract
- 戦争や論争でいかなる側にもついていない人
- one who does not side with any party in a war or dispute
- 論争における切迫した点は建築許可であった
- a key pressure point in the controversy was the building permit
- 論争、主張、または訴訟の対象を作るために
- to make the subject of dispute, contention, or litigation
- 鳥または恐竜としての分類は、論争中である
- classification as bird or dinosaur is in dispute
- 彼の後継者についての問題はまだ論争中だ。
- The matter of his successor is still under debate.
- 何を書くべきか私たちは何時間も論争した。
- We disputed for hours about what to write.
- ここで何かやろうとすると必ず論争がある。
- Nothing is ever done here without dispute.
- 彼女は友達と論争して全く疲れきっていた。
- She felt quite worn out after arguing with friends.
- この作品は、石橋忍月との論争の火種になる。
- This work became the source of a dispute with Ningetsu ISHIBASHI.
- この点をめぐっては論争が起きたことがない。
- The point is not in controversy,
- アダムにへそがあったか否か、彼らは論争した
- they argued whether or not Adam had a navel
- 解決に到達することで法的論争を終わりにする
- end a legal dispute by arriving at a settlement
- 積極的差別是正措置の、論争を招くような決定
- a controversial decision on affirmative action
- 新しい学校の建設地については論争があった。
- There was a controversy about the location of the new school.
- こういう論争は終わりにしなければならない。
- We must put an end to this kind of quarrel.
- 彼の大胆な計画は大きな論争を巻き起こした。
- His bold plan gave rise to much controversy.
- 彼は論争すべきことを投げ与えてくるだろう。
- He will cast me a bone to pick.
- ただし、これで征韓論争が終わった訳ではない。
- However, the Seikanronso (confrontation on the subjugation of Korea) wasn't over.
- 論争の主要な流れとしては、以下の通りである。
- The following is how the main scenario of the dispute developed.
- 仲裁人の決定に従う論争における当事者間の協定
- an agreement between parties in a dispute to abide by the decision of an arbiter
- 刺激的な議論、あるいははらはらするような論争
- stimulating discussion or exciting controversy
- それは論争に勝つ上で、大いに彼の助けとなった
- it aided him materially in winning the argument
- 不承認あるいは反論、論争するための言語的行為
- the speech act of disagreeing or arguing or disputing
- 特に尾高・宮沢論争と佐々木・和辻論争が有名。
- Especially the dispute between Odaka and Miyazawa and the dispute between Sasaki and Watsuji are well known.
- これらは「邪馬台国論争」などとも呼ばれている。
- Some called these 'Yamataikoku Ronso' (the Yamatai controversy).
- 「早稲田文学」で坪内逍遥と没理想論争を交わす。
- He also had a dispute on 'anti-idealism' with Shoyo TSUBOUCHI in Waseda Bungaku (Waseda Literature).
- 暴力的な情緒または論争を引き起こすことのできる
- capable of producing violent emotion or arousing controversy
- 往古の英教会をめぐる活発な論争を巻き起こした。
- and round it raged the most vital controversies about the ancient British Church.
- 論争の重要な論点で、解決しなければならないこと
- an important question that is in dispute and must be settled
- 論争または疑いを越えて確立されるか、決定される
- established or decided beyond dispute or doubt
- 彼らの間の論争は、時間とともに段階的に縮小した
- The war of words between them de-escalated with time
- 陪審団による有罪評決が大論争の引き金となった。
- The jury's guilty verdict gave rise to widespread debate.
- 論争の多い話題:積極的差別是正措置とバス通学。
- Affirmative action and busing are debated topics.
- ここでは、邪馬台国をめぐる様々な論争を紹介する。
- Various controversies on Yamatai are introduced as follows.
- これを「宗名論争(しゅうめいろんそう)」という。
- This is called 'Shumeironso,' meaning controversy over the sect name.
- 論理的な論争(特にまことしやかであるなら)の技術
- the art of logical disputation (especially if specious)
- 議論がなされない、また論争や競争の対象にされない
- not disputed and not made the object of contention or competition
- 他の国々の論争にかかわりをもたないでいる外交政策
- a foreign policy of staying out of other countries' disputes
- 国連加盟国間の論争を解決するために設置された裁判所
- a court established to settle disputes between members of the United Nations
- 論争が手早く片付いた仲裁の和解調停の様々な形の総称
- any of various forms of mediation whereby disputes may be settled short of arbitration
- 特に、なにかを求めてまたはそれのために論争する行為
- especially the act of pleading or arguing for something
- 坊門姫の生年については古くから学者間で論争がある。
- Concerning the birth year of Bomon-hime, there have been many arguments among scholars from a long time ago.
- 彼らは幾年間も、その土地の所有権について論争した。
- They disputed the ownership of the land for years.
- その論争は1980年代と1990年代に続いている。
- The debate continues into the 1980s and 1990s.
- 日本統治下の朝鮮を植民地と呼ぶかどうかについての論争
- Discussion on whether Korea under the rule of Japan can be called a colony or not
- 『明六雑誌』の論争は、雑誌の枠を超えて反響があった。
- This dispute in 'Meiroku Zasshi' evoked responses in other areas beyond the bulletin.
- 自分のための論争に、しばしば見せかけの議論を展開する
- given to disputation for its own sake and often employing specious arguments
- 双方の合意を得た公平なレフリーによる論争の審問と決着
- the hearing and determination of a dispute by an impartial referee agreed to by both parties
- 新井白石とともにその後の耶馬台国論争の火種とされる。
- His theory and that of Hakuseki ARAI, who insisted that the kingdom was in Yamato (the Kinki region), have become the source of controversy called Controversy over Yamataikoku.
- 現在では政治的、思想的な論争の対象となることがある。
- Today, it can be a politically or ideologically controversial subject.
- その上院議員は激しい論争において中立の立場を守った。
- The senator remained neutral in the furious controversy.
- また、鴎外の論争癖を発端として論争が起きた事もある。
- Also, some of the disputes were caused by his argumentative nature.
- この論争は、森の「妻妾論」を契機に起こったものである。
- This dispute was triggered by 'A theory of wives and concubines' written by Mori.
- 外遊中に留守政府では朝鮮出兵を巡る征韓論論争が起きた。
- While heads of government including Okubo were away for official travel abroad, Japan's dispatch of troops to Korea became a dispute within the country.
- 概して裁判官に判断を委ねる、議論された紛争中の法律論争
- a disputed legal contention that is generally left for a judge to decide
- 中立の国がその論争の解決に貢献する事が求められていた。
- A neutral country was asked to help settle the dispute.
- 論争を引き起こすことを含む、あるいは論争を起こしやすい
- involving or likely to cause controversy
- 論争に登場する主要な立法およびその解釈について列記する。
- In the following paragraphs, we list the main legislaion and their interpretation.
- 815年、和気氏の要請で大安寺で講説、南都の学僧と論争。
- In 815, upon request by Wake clan he lectured at Daian-ji Temple, and he had a debate with Buddhist scholars from Nara.
- 明治時代に入って論争が始まり、多数の説が提唱されてきた。
- The controversies started in the Meiji period and many theories have been proposed.
- 信者にとっては全く関係のない次元で教義論争が続いてきた。
- A heated discussion on religious issues that are irrelevant to normal followers has continued.
- 信長は日蓮宗の僧と浄土宗の僧と論争をさせる(安土宗論)。
- Nobunaga worked to provoke a controversy between the monks of the Nichiren and Jodo sects (which came to be known as the Azuchi religious dispute).
- これに対しては実証性を問う徳田武との間で論争が行われた。
- His interpretation was challenged by Takeshi TOKUDA, who questioned its substantiality.
- 中でも激しい論争が繰り広げられたのは『言語』誌上である。
- Particularly discussions held in a magazine 'Gengo' (Language) were intense.
- 論争中のテーマに関係すること、あるいはつながりのあるさま
- having a bearing on or connection with the subject at issue
- この論争は福澤が『明六雑誌』の外から提起したものであった。
- This dispute was proposed by Fukuzawa outside of 'Meiroku Zasshi.'
- たとえば創刊号において掲載された国語国字論争がそうである。
- For example, there was a dispute on a nation's script which was published on the first issue.
- 邪馬台国所在地論争は、この二大説の対立が中心となっている。
- The controversy concerning the location of Yamatai is centered around the confrontation between these two theories.
- 一般に陪審に決定すべく残された紛争中の事実についての論争点
- a disputed factual contention that is generally left for a jury to decide
- 最後に、この論争で決定的に重要な用語は、科学という言葉だ。
- Finally, a crucial term in this debate is the word science.
- 多くのリスナーは、論争の的となったラジオ番組の後に投書した
- Many listeners wrote in after the controversial radio program
- 米国政府の独立機関で、管理と労働組合の間で論争を責任を負う
- an independent agency of the United States government charged with mediating disputes between management and labor unions
- 1786年、思想・音韻・仮名遣いなどで、本居宣長と論争した。
- In 1786, he argued his opinions on ideology, phonology and the rules for the use of kana (the Japanese syllabary) with Norinaga MOTOORI.
- 近代以降、著名な文学者によっていくつかの文学論争が起こった。
- Since the modern period, there has been some dispute about literature among prominent literary scholars.
- 論争の発端となったのは徳一が著した『仏性抄』であるとされる。
- The beginning of the dispute is considered to have been 'Bushosho' (excerpt of Buddha nature) written by Tokuitsu.
- 白山権現景光 白山権現信仰に問題あり 昭和初期の刀剣界で論争
- Hakusan Gongen Kagemitsu: A controversy about the belief in Hakusan Gongen in the sword industry occurred in the early Showa period
- 現在、大韓民国などではこの「黒歯国」をめぐっても論争がある。
- In present-day South Korea, there is controversy on this 'Kokushi-koku.'
- 私たちは私たちの論争の公平な判定者としておとうさんを選んだ。
- We chose Father as a neutral judge of our disputes.
- 位置についても魏志倭人伝の記述が明確でなく、論争になっている。
- Concerning the location too, there is a lot of argument because the accounts in Gishiwajinden are puzzling.
- 万世一系についていくつかの疑問がなされ、大きな論争に発展した。
- The theory of the unbroken Imperial line was often questioned and it grew into considerable disputes.
- ひとつは論争によるのであり、もうひとつは戦闘によるものである。
- unum per disceptationem, alterum per vim;
- 武力によって政治上の論争を解決する社会集団における態度と振舞い
- the attitudes and behavior in a social group that resolves political disputes by force of arms
- ストリームラインは『吹き替えVS字幕』論争の矢面に立たされた。
- Streamline was the center of attention in the 'dub-versus-sub' debate,
- 戦後、国衡を討ち取った戦功を巡って畠山重忠と論争になっている。
- After the war, Yoshimori had an argument with Shigetada HATAKEYAMA over who should be awarded for the killing of Kunihira.
- 私たちの最優先事項は、その論争にはっきりと決着をつけることだ。
- Our top priority is to settle the dispute once and for all.
- 首切り役人と王さまと女王さまが、論争(ろんそう)をしています。
- there was a dispute going on between the executioner, the King, and the Queen,
- 「一三権実論争」「三乗一乗権実諍論」「法華権実論争」などとも。
- It was called 'Ichisangonjitsu no ronso' (dispute of Ichisangonjitsu), 'Sanjo ichijo gonjitsu no ronso' (dispute of Sanjo ichijo gonjitsu), 'Hokke gonjitsu no ronso' (dispute of Hokke gonjitsu) and so on.
- 刑法典・商法典の論争については、それぞれ刑法・商法の項目を参照。
- As to disputes over the Penal Code and the Commercial Code, see Penal Code or Commercial Code, respectively.
- 天皇機関説論争の際には、神勅が天皇による直接統治の根拠とされた。
- When the issue of the Emperor Organ Theory emerged, oracles became the evidence for the emperors' reign.
- 質問27および28に記されたいわゆる「忠誠登録」が論争の的となる。
- Questions 27 and 28, the so-called 'Loyalty Registration' became subject of controversy.
- 歴史学の関心が拡散する中でこの論争は明確な解答を得ぬまま終息した。
- The interest of historical science became diffused and the controversy came to an end without any clear result.
- また名字の表記について「得川(徳川)」か「世良田」かで論争がある。
- There are disputes over whether the notation of his family name is 'Egawa (Tokugawa)' or 'Serada.'
- また日本側でも政府内の征韓論争に端を発して明治六年政変が起こった。
- In Japan the Seikanron debate within the government led to the political upheaval in 1873.
- 上記論争は様々な影響を残したが、それ以外にも見逃せない論争がある。
- Except above disputes which gave various impacts, there were other significant disputes.
- 仲裁人者の決定に従う当事者間の論争における合意をまとめている法的文書
- a legal document summarizing an agreement between parties in a dispute to abide by the decision of an arbiter
- 論争、コンテストまたは戦争でどちらの側の援護もしない、支持しないさま
- not supporting or favoring either side in a war, dispute, or contest
- このように、本能寺の変の真相研究などと絡んで論争が活発になっている。
- In this way, it has been actively debated, combined with research on the real truth about the Honnoji Incident.
- 慶長7年1月7日(1602年)、近衛家との論争により京都を出奔する。
- On February 28, 1602, he ran away from Kyoto because of a dispute that arose against the Konoe family.
- 位置については畿内説と九州説が有力とされる(位置に関する論争を参照)。
- About the location, the Kinai district theory and the Kyushu theory are widely accepted (refer to the debate on the location).
- 道程についても「連続説」と「放射説」がある(道程に関する論争を参照)。
- Also about the route and journey, there is the 'sequence theory' and the 'radiant theory' (refer to the debate on the route and journey).
- これ以来、学界はもちろん在野研究者を巻き込んだ論争が現在も続いている。
- Since then, the controversies, which have involved amateur researchers as well as academic societies, have carried on.
- 明治44年(1911年)には、国定教科書問題・南北朝正閏論争があった。
- In 1911, an issue of government-designated textbooks and an argument on the legitimacy of either Northern or Southern Dynasty emerged.
- 8月、医学と文学の論争から離れて休息を取るため、自宅(観潮楼)を建設。
- In August, he built a home (Kanchoro House) to take refuge from his dispute on medical science and literature.
- 平和な気性は、力というよりも、公正に基づいて論争を解決することに努める
- the pacific temper seeks to settle disputes on grounds of justice rather than by force
- 強引なこじつけによる論争を起こして、関白近衛内前から叱責を受けている。
- He started an argument due to his stubbornness, and he was rebuked by Uchisaki KONOE, who was Kanpaku (chancellor).
- 征韓論争は明治6年の政変によって「延期」(「中止」ではない)と決まった。
- In 1873, the political change occurred and, as a result, it was decided to 'postpone' (not 'stop') the Seikanron dispute.
- 松本良順など近代医学の始祖と呼ばれている長老などと6年ほど論争を続けた。
- He continued the dispute for six years with veterans including Ryojun MATSUMOTO who was known as the founder of modern medical science.
- 1964年に建造された京都タワーは、京都の第1次景観論争を引き起こした。
- Kyoto Tower, built in 1964, gave rise to the first cityscape dispute in Kyoto City.
- が、欽明天皇代と同様の理由により物部守屋は猛反対した(第二次崇仏論争)。
- However, by the same reason as the one in the age of the Emperor Kinmei, MONONOBE no Moriya was strongly against it (the second dispute on the worship of Buddhism).
- 逆に上田秋成が貞幹を擁護して宣長の姿勢を非難するなど激しい論争を招いた。
- In contrast, Akinari UEDA criticized Norinaga's stance in support of Teikan, and Teikan's book eventually caused heated arguments among scholars.
- 結果、本門法華宗は、日然、日紹と日肇、日耀の論争となり二分して対立した。
- As a result, a contention broke out and was fought within Honmon Hokke Sect between the side of Nichinen and Nissho and the side of Nikkei and Nichiyo.
- 誌上における有名な論争を挙げるならば、以下のものを無視することはできない。
- The famous disputes on the bulletin were as follows.
- そこで玄宗は両派の儒学者を集めて論争を行わせたものの、決着が付かなかった。
- To remediate this problem, Genso brought together Confucian scholars of both schools and had them hold a debate, which ended with inconclusive results.
- 和方家の中でも権田直助らは真書説、佐藤方定らは偽書説を唱えて論争となった。
- Since then there has been a controversy about the books even among the Wahoka, such as Naosuke GONDA who claimed that they were authentic, and Hojo SATO who argued that they were forged.
- 無関係な主張を証明している議論が論争中に主張を証明したと仮定する論理的誤り
- the logical fallacy of supposing that an argument proving an irrelevant point has proved the point at issue
- そして同年5月、第三回帝国議会において民法典論争は政治的な決着がはかられた。
- In May of the same year a political settlement of the Minpoten Ronso was made in the third Imperial Diet.
- 崇仏、排仏論争は蘇我氏が語り伝えたもので、馬子と守屋の政治権力闘争であった。
- Stories of the disputes over the worship or abolishment of Buddhism were handed down by the Soga clan, but there really existed a struggle for political power between SOGA no Umako and MONONOBE no Moriya.
- 鴎外は自らが専門とした文学・医学、両分野において論争が絶えない人物であった。
- Ogai was always involved in dispute in the fields of literature and medical science, both of which he specialized in.
- 天台宗側では『法華秀句』の成立をもって論争の終結とする(翌年に最澄は入寂)。
- Within the Tendai sect, the realization of 'Hokke-shuku' meant the end of the dispute (next year Saicho died (entered nirvana)).
- 盛んな論争が行われ、展示会が街頭に進出して一般の人に話題を提供するなどした。
- Lots of matters were disputed there, and calligraphic exhibitions were held publicly, offering topics of conversation for common people.
- 『平家物語』にある逆櫓論争や先陣争いの史実性については疑問とする見方もある。
- Some question the historic authenticity of the 'Sakaro Argument' and the argument about the vanguard in 'Heike Monogatari.'
- 10日余りの論争の末、閑院宮家の師仁王が新帝として擁立されることが決まった。
- They discussed it for more than 10 days, and eventually, Prince Morohito from the Kaninnomiya family was chosen as the new Emperor.
- この論争では、西郷隆盛や板垣退助ら征韓派と対立し、明治六年政変にて失脚させた。
- In the dispute he was opposed by Takamori SAIGO and Taisuke ITAGAKI, and he brought down SAIGO and ITAGAKI in a coup d'etat in 1873.
- 当時、模写を日本画と洋画のいずれで行うかについて壁画保存調査会で論争があった。
- There was a dispute in those days inside the Horyuji hekiga hozon chosakai (Investigative Committee of Conservation for Mural Paintings of Horyu-ji Temple) on whether to execute the copying in the manner of Japanese traditional painting or Western painting.
- しかし、「民法出デテ、忠孝亡ブ」との法典論争が巻き起こり、施行が延期される)。
- However, implementation was postponed as the legal code dispute read; 'As Civil Code is appearing, loyalty to one's master and filial piety is dying' was stirred up.
- 1655年(明暦元年) 承応の教義論争に端を発して、幕府の命により学寮を廃止。
- In A.D.1655, Gakuryo was ordered to dissolve by the Tokugawa shogunate because of the dispute in Syo'o over the Jodo Shinshu teachings.
- かって崇仏論争を繰り広げた石上氏(物部氏)と同時期に石川氏も姿を消す事になる。
- The clan eventually disappeared from the political stage at the same time that the Isonokami clan (also known as the Mononobe clan), who had a heated controversy on Buddhism, disappeared.
- 父のわずかの蔵書は主に論争神学の本から成り立っていたが、その大半を読んでいた。
- My father's little library consisted chiefly of books on polemic divinity, most of which I read.
- このため、逆落としが行われた場所が鉄拐山の東南か、鵯越かで長年論争になっている。
- This has resulted in historians and experts continuing to dispute whether the location of 'sakaotoshi' was the southeast side of Tekkai-san Mountain or Hiyodorigoe.
- 縄文農耕論は、明治時代以来の長い研究史があり、農耕存否の論争は現在も続いている。
- The farming theory of the Jomon period has a long history of study since the Meiji period and the existence of farming is still being debated today.
- 特に最澄は奈良仏教に対抗意識を持っており、法相宗の僧侶・徳一と激しい論争をした。
- Particularly, Saicho sensed a strong rivalry with Nara Buddhism and led a bitter dispute with the sect of the monk Tokuitsu Hosso.
- 全体的に教祖信仰的な趣が強く、戒律も厳しくなく、他宗派との表だった論争も少ない。
- On the whole, this is based on the faith in the founder with few strict principles, so that there are few open disputes with other religions.
- 尺八の音色と材質は科学的には無関係とされているが、関係があるとする論争もあった。
- According to scientific theory, the tone of the shakuhachi should not be dependent upon the material from which the instrument is made; however, there are people who disagree with that, and insist that the material does effect the tonal characteristics of the instrument.
- しかしながら、政争や予算問題などから結局実現しなかった(日本の改軌論争も参照)。
- In the end, the standard gauge failed to be introduced due to political struggles or cost problems (also refer to 'disputes about gauges in Japan').
- 足利学校の成立や、初期の体制については記録が残っておらず、しばしば論争になった。
- There have been controversy over how the Ashikaga School was founded and how the system had its beginning, because no records were left.
- 山陽は、9日後の9月17日にこの論争に就いて篠崎小竹に語り、その6日後に没した。
- Sanyo talked to Shochiku SHINOZAKI about this dispute nine days after this had happened, and died six days later since then.
- 文化12年(1815年)養老美泉について尾張藩 儒臣、秦鼎と激しい論争を交わす。
- In 1815, Ohide got into a fierce debate over Yorobisen with a jushin (a Confucian scholar and vassal of a feudal domain) of Owari Domain, Kanae HATA.
- この論文はそのタイトルのため最も注目を集め、民法典論争の象徴ともいえる論文である。
- This thesis is the one that attracted the most attention because of the title, and may be said to symbolize the disputes over the Civil Code.
- これらのうち不当に低く評価された金貨は問題外とされ、論争の焦点は銀貨へと絞られた。
- Of those arguments, gold coins were left out of the negotiation because they were too lowly valued, and the negotiation was focused on silver coins.
- しかし、誰が最初にアメリカへ空手をもたらしたかは他にも説があり、論争が続いている。
- However, there are assertions that other people introduced karate to the U.S. for the time, and agreement has yet to be reached.
- 市民が論争中の問題について持つ結論を偏らせようと国家が試みることはすべて害悪です。
- All attempts by the State to bias the conclusions of its citizens on disputed subjects, are evil;
- 1980年代初期には(C/FO内部の)一部のファンたちとかなりきつい論争もしたよ。
- I got into some pretty bitter arguments with some fans in the early 80s [within the C/FO]
- 城内論争においては弥左衛門は家老大石良雄派として行動し、誓紙血判の義盟にも加わる。
- Among the vassals, Yazaemon sided with senior retainer Yoshio OISHI, also joining the league by signing a pledge sealed with blood.
- 帰国後に起きた征韓論争においては、大久保・木戸らとともに遣韓使節反対の立場を取る。
- When the debate to conquer Korea arose after his returning home from abroad, he took a position to oppose sending Japanese official diplomatic delegations to Korea with Okubo and Kido.
- 明治時代には、南北両朝の皇統の正統性をめぐる南北朝正閏論と呼ばれる論争が起こった。
- In the Meiji Period, a dispute called 'Nanbokucho-Seijunron' occurred where both the Northern and Southern dynasties argued over the legitimacy of the imperial line.
- このため、位置や道程の比定をめぐり論争が起きてきた(邪馬台国に関する論争を参照)。
- Consequently, there have been debates about identifying the location, the route and the journey (refer to the debates on Yamatai).
- 徳山藩が改易されると、徳山の家中は事の意外な発展に驚き、硬軟両派に分かれて論争した。
- When the Tokuyama domain was abolished, the former retainers of the lord family was astonished by the unexpected development of the incident, and disputed the situation between the hard-liners and soft-liners.
- 邪馬台国の位置を巡る論争は、日本国家の成立を解き明かす上でも重要な位置を占めている。
- The controversy over the location of Yamatai is integral to clarifying the establishment of Japan.
- この論争は2007年現在も継続しており、いまだ定説と見なされる見解は確定していない。
- This controversy was still under way as of 2007 without reaching any settlement over an accepted theory.
- 大日本帝国憲法下の天皇の法的位置付けについては憲法学上さまざまな論争がなされてきた。
- For the Study of Constitution, there has been numerous discussions on the Emperor's legal position under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 大正時代の初めには、穂積の弟子である東京帝大の上杉慎吉と美濃部との間で論争が起こる。
- In the early Taisho Period, there was an argument between Shinkichi UESUGI of Tokyo Imperial University, a follower of Hozumi, and Minobe.
- 1606年にはイエズス会の日本人修道士イルマン・ハビアンと「地球論争」を行っている。
- In 1606, he was involved in 'chikyu-ronso (controversy over the Earth)' with Irmao Fabian, a Japanese monk who belonged to the Society of Jesus.
- このような形で鴎外が関わってきた論争は「戦闘的評論」や「論争的啓蒙」などと評される。
- The dispute Ogai was involved in was sometimes called 'aggressive criticism' or 'controversial philosophy.'
- しかしこれもまた、大久保派の意見が通り、この日、25日まで続く兵制論争がほぼ決着した。
- The result was another victory for Okubo and with this the dispute, although it would continue until August 2, was virtually settled.
- また医学においては近代の西洋医学を旨とし、和漢方医と激烈な論争を繰り広げたこともある。
- On the other hand, in medical science, he relied on modern western medicine, and initiated serious dispute with Chinese and Japanese doctors.
- いずれにせよ古写本が現存していない状況のため、論争に決着をつけるのは困難な状況である。
- Anyway, since there exists no old maniscript, it is difficult to settle this argument.
- ただ現在の学術研究、特に日本における論争のひとつに、儒教は宗教か否かというものがある。
- In today's academic research, especially among debates in Japan, there is a debate on whether or not Ju-kyo is a religion.
- 彼の継承をめぐるエドワード3世との論争は百年戦争につながった(1293年−1350年)
- his dispute with Edward III over his succession led to the Hundred Years' War (1293-1350)
- 足利学校の創建年代については諸説あり、長らく論争となっている(本項の論争の節を参照)。
- Several theories and opinions have been long divided over when Ashikaga School was founded. (Refer to the paragraphs below outlining this controversy.)
- この論争はあくまで民撰議院の設置時期に限定されるものであって、それ以上の深みは無かった。
- This dispute was limited to the period when democratic representatives were going to be established, and was not developed any more.
- 西郷は、1873年(明治6年)の征韓論争に破れ下野し、同年11月10日に鹿児島に帰った。
- In 1873, losing the Seikan debate, Saigo resigned from his public post and returned to Kagoshima on November 10 of that year.
- 御子左家の中心歌人として活躍し、「六百番歌合」での顕昭との「独鈷鎌首論争」は有名である。
- He played an important role as a leading poet in the Mikohidari family, and a controversy with Kensho in the 'Roppyakuban utaawase' (The Poetry Match in 600 Rounds), which is called 'controversy between Tokko (an implement pointed at both ends) and Kamakubi (gooseneck)' is famous.
- さまざまな論争がある中に、たとえば、葬儀をハレとするか、ケガレとするかというものがある。
- Among various debates that exist, there is a debate, for example, on whether a funeral should be considered hare or kegare.
- 暗号政策論争が、もっと成功した、一般に指示される政策に向かって移行することを期待したい。
- We hope that the crypto policy debate can move forward to a more successful and generally supported policy.
- 公方の面前で条約調印の当否をめぐった論争では、家茂が場の緊張感にのまれ泣きだしたという。
- In a heated discussion over the pros and cons of the signing of the treaty in the presence of the Emperor, Iemochi could not bear the tension and began to cry.
- 私達が住んでいる現代に入ってから、私達は国際論争の結末として、2度の世界大戦を体験した。
- In modern times we have gone through two world wars as the end result of international disputes.
- 東京の日比谷に設けられた神道事務局神殿の祭神をめぐって神道界に激しい教理論争が起こった。
- A raging debate arose in Shinto circles over the deities of the Shinto Jimukyoku's shrine in Hibiya, Tokyo.
- 邪馬台国論争については、白鳥庫吉の九州説に対して、畿内説を主張し、激しい論争を戦わせた。
- Naito and Kurakichi SHIRATORI had a heated dispute about the Yamatai-koku Kingdom; Naito's theory was that the Yamatai-koku had been established in the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) while Shiratori thought that it had been in the Kyushu region.
- 日蓮宗・法華宗では宗派内で本仏について、教義論争が有り、三宝尊への捉え方はまちまちである。
- There has been a doctrinal controversy over the Honbutsu (Primordial Buddha) in the Hokke and Nichiren Sects of Buddhism, and the interpretation of Sanposon varies.
- 論争の末、最澄の没後に大乗戒壇の勅許が下り、名実ともに天台宗が独立した宗派として確立した。
- As a result of disputes, imperial sanction concerning Daijo kaidan was given after Saicho's death and the Tendai Sect was formally established, both in name and substance, as an independent religious sect.
- 多量の批評と論争に加えて、ブラウン神父を特集する推理小説を書いた(1874年−1936年)
- in addition to volumes of criticism and polemics he wrote detective novels featuring Father Brown (1874-1936)
- 米国の作家(ロシア生まれ)で、論争小説と政治的保守主義で知られる(1905年−1982年)
- United States writer (born in Russia) noted for her polemical novels and political conservativism (1905-1982)
- 実際、ソクラテスが大喜びだった弁証的論争は、デモクリトスにはまったく魅力のないものでした。
- Indeed, the dialectic strife in which Socrates so much delighted had no charms for Democritus,
- こうした結末のどちらかが明らかになると、その問題についての論争は衰え、しだいに死滅します。
- When either of these results has become apparent, controversy on the subject flags, and gradually dies away.
- 論争を経て喜田は倭姫王即位説にまで論を進め、学界では倭姫王の即位または称制説が優勢になった。
- Kida argued the Yamatohime no Okimi enthronement theory and the Yamatohime no Okimi enthronement or Shosei theory became a dominant theory in the academic world.
- ただし、これは最澄側の一方的な論争打ち切りであり、徳一側からは決着がついていないとも言える。
- However, while the dispute closed on the Saicho side, it was not finished for Tokuitsu.
- 特に「給羊」の字は古くから注目され、その「羊」の字は方角説、人名説など長い間論争されてきた。
- Particular attention has been paid to the two-letter kanji '給羊' through the ages, and there has been a long-term controversy as to whether the kanji '羊' (a sheep) means a direction or a personal name.
- これにより、「透視」という言葉が新聞で大きく取り上げられ、真贋論争を含め大きな話題となった。
- As a result, the word 'toshi' (clairvoyance) picked up on the news papers greatly, became a big topic including the arguments as to its authenticity.
- 獣たちは、論争に決着をつけてもらおうと、牝のライオンのところへ、がやがやと押し掛けて行った。
- They rushed clamorously into the presence of the Lioness and demanded of her the settlement of the dispute.
- このため、3つの法典を巡る論争をまとめて「法典論争(ほうてんろんそう)」と呼称する事がある。
- For this reason the disputes over the three legal codes were sometimes referred to collectively as 'hoten ronso (disputes over legal codes)'.
- つまり最後の五百年では仏教徒の間で論争が闘わされ正しい教えが隠没してしまう、ということである。
- In essence, there will be disputes among Buddhists and correct teaching will be forgotten in the period of the final 500 years.
- この問題により、万世一系をめぐる論争は、天皇制の問題と結びついて大きな広がりを持つことになる。
- After that, the issue of the unbroken Imperial line was connected with the issue of the emperor system, and it fueled disputes over them.
- 森鴎外との「舞姫論争」など、明治の文芸評論家として注目を集めた弁護士石橋忍月はこの流れを汲む。
- Lawyer Ningetsu ISHIBASHI, a high-profile literary critic of the Meiji period, who had the 'Maihime dispute' against Ogai MORI was a descendant of this clan.
- 英国の彫刻家(米国生まれ)で、胸像と大きな論争を呼んだ作品で知られる(1880年−1959年)
- British sculptor (born in the United States) noted for busts and large controversial works (1880-1959)
- なお、家康の神号をめぐって、天海の「大権現」案と、崇伝の「大明神」案をめぐる論争は有名である。
- Incidentally, over the shingo for Ieyasu, a famous dispute took place between (Buddhist Priest) Tenkai, who advanced 'dai-gongen,' and (Buddhist Priest) Suden, who suggested 'dai-myojin.'
- 子供を一番多く産むことのできるのは誰か?というような論争が、野に棲む獣たちの間に持ち上がった。
- A CONTROVERSY prevailed among the beasts of the field as to which of the animals deserved the most credit for producing the greatest number of whelps at a birth.
- 法相宗(ほっそうしゅう)の学僧会津徳一(とくいつ)との間に、三一権実(さんいちごんじつ)の論争。
- He had a debate on San-ichi Gonjitsu (One-provisional and three-true teaching vehicles) with Tokuitsu AIZU, a Buddhist scholar of Hosso School (the Dharma Characteristics School).
- しかし、日蓮宗各派では、この一文は釈迦を本仏とするか日蓮を本仏とするかの論争の一点となっている。
- However, in the each school of the Nichiren sect, there is an argument over this line whether to regard Shakyamuni or Nichiren as the Honbutsu (Primordial Buddha).
- 一方で、安心論争による宗門の混乱や度重なる事業が本願寺財政を悪化させ、次代に多額の負債を残した。
- On the other hand, the confusion in the doctrine by the Anjin dispute and a series of businesses worsened the financial situation in Hongan-ji Temple and left a huge amount of debts to the next generation.
- このホテル改築をめぐっては京都の景観を破壊するとの反対意見も根強く、激しい論争が繰り広げられた。
- There was persistent opposition against the rebuilding of the hotel saying it would destroy the beautiful scenery of Kyoto, and heated debates took place about it.
- またフランスのルモンド紙が計画を批判する記事を掲載するなど、京都市外をも巻き込んだ論争となった。
- As the French newspaper Le Monde also published an article criticizing the plan, the dispute involved an entity outside the city.
- 交渉が暗礁に乗り上げると、日本では朝鮮出兵を求める征韓論争など出兵問題が政治問題化するようになる。
- When the negotiation came up against unexpected difficulties, the issue of the dispatch of troops, like Seikanron, which demands the dispatch of troops to Korea, became a political issue in Japan.
- また、このころより、評論的啓蒙活動は、戦闘的ないし論争的なものから、穏健的なものに変わっていった。
- Also, from around this time, the nature of his activities became less confrontational and more moderate.
- 三巻本との間で善本論争が繰り広げられた結末、現在は能因本の源流本が劣ることがほぼ定説となっている。
- After arguing which book is more authentic, it is now widely accepted that the original book of Noinbon is inferior to Sankanbon.
- これらの論争は曹洞宗における宗学研究、宗典の校訂・出版を活性化させ多くの業績を生む原動力となった。
- These debates, however, activated the study of sect teachings and the revision and publication of sect code, and produced many achievements in Soto Sect.
- フランスの占星術師で、謎めいた予言を書き、その解釈は未だに論争されている(1503年−1566年)
- French astrologer who wrote cryptic predictions whose interpretations are still being debated (1503-1566)
- 背景には、門人上田万年との文学論争をきっかけとする、上田とその弟子たちによる追い出し工作があった。
- Behind this was a maneuver by a disciple Kazutoshi UEDA and his disciples which was triggered by a dispute over literature between the two.
- 景観論争で諸寺院の建設反対運動があった京都ホテル(旧京都ホテル)とゼスト御池は地下で連絡している。
- Kyoto Hotel (the former Kyoto Hotel), against whose construction temples promoted a protest campaign saying it would disrupt the landscape, is connected with Zest Oike via an underground access.
- 我々の最優先事項はこの論争にきっぱりと決着を付ける事だ。そのためには相手側との妥協も覚悟している。
- Our top priority is to settle this dispute once and for all, so we are ready to meet them halfway.
- コスチョンキ出土資料は製作時に磨いたのか使用痕によるものなのかをめぐって日本国内でも論争が起こった。
- The artifacts unearthed in Kostenki caused a debate in Japan as well as to whether the shape of the artifacts had been deliberately formed by grinding in a production process or it was a result of abrasion caused by use.
- この論争の後、京都大学教授の佐々木惣一もほぼ同様の説を唱え、美濃部の天皇機関説は学界の通説となった。
- After the argument, Soichi SASAKI, a professor of Kyoto University, proclaimed almost the same theory, and Minobe's Emperor Organ Theory became a popular theory in academic circles.
- 朝廷では徳川時代以前の古例を持ち出し、朱子学を正当とする定信と対抗し、朝幕間の学問的論争に発展する。
- The Imperial Court brought up an old case from before the Tokugawa Period to counter Sadanobu, who justified his opposition with Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism based on the teachings of Zhu Xi and his followers), and so this developed into a scholarly dispute between the Imperial Court and the Bakufu.
- 明治6年10月の征韓論争に敗れたためいったん下野して、板垣退助らと共に民撰議院設立建白書を提出した。
- Due to being defeated in the Seikanron (debate to conquer Korea) in October 1873, he retired from public office and with people such as Taisuke ITAGAKI published the Minsen Giin Setsuritsu Kenpakusho (a political statement for democratic representatives).
- 延宝6年(1678年)、仏教に疑問を持ち寺僧と大論争をした末に寺を追われて、還俗して水戸藩に仕える。
- After 1678, when Munekiyo begun to doubt Buddhism itself and had a fierce argument with other priests, he got expelled from the Shrine and returned to the secular world to work for the Mito Domain.
- 大石が御家再興運動や堀部らとの論争をしている頃、江戸幕府では吉良家に対して厳しい処分を下し始めていた。
- While Oishi was working hard for the restoration of the Asano clan and having a dispute with Horibe, the Edo bakufu sentenced Kira to some strict punishments.
- しかしながら、1984年頃から難波津の位置についての論争が本格化し、いくつかの地点に絞り込まれている。
- However, the location of Naniwatsu has become to be disputed seriously since around 1984, and its short list has been obtained.
- 教学(教義)そのものは、空海により大成されていたため、平安時代半ばまで、宗内での論争はあまりなかった。
- Dharma itself had been completed by Kukai so that there was no dispute within the sect until the mid-Heian period.
- 最澄はすべての衆生は成仏できるという法華一乗の立場を説き、小乗的立場を堅持する奈良仏教と論争が起こる。
- As Saicho advocated the doctrine of Hokke ichijo which asserted all people were able to become Buddha, disputes arose between Nara Buddhism (Nanto rokushu) which stuck to the position of Theravada Buddhism.
- 法理論争となり、明法博士讃岐永直らが訴状を鑑定して、裁定することになり、結果訴状の受理は違法とされた。
- It caused an argument on the principle of law, Myobo Hakase (an expert of law at the University under the government based on the ritsuryo legal codes), SANUKI no Naganao was to judge the petition and made a decision, as a result, that accepting the petition was decided to be illegal.
- 明治45年(1912年)1月『國民雑誌』誌上で、唯物史観をめぐって、山路と堺利彦との間で論争があった。
- In 1912, in the 'Kokumin Zasshi,' Yamaji and Toshihiko SAKAI became embroiled in dispute over historical materialism.
- 1856年(安政3年)、在家の頼該が十界久遠論に立って十界皆成論と論争するのを見て、頼該に書状を送付。
- In 1856, seeing a lay believer, Yorikane, having an argument for the Jikkai Kuon doctrine against Jikkai Kaisei doctrine, he sent an epistle to Yorikane.
- ザビエルは鹿児島で布教する日々の中で、福昌寺の住職で友人の忍室(にんじつ)と宗教論争を行う事を好んだ。
- While Xavier did missionary work in Kagoshima, he liked to debate about religion with his friend Ninjitsu, who was the chief priest at Fukusho-ji Temple.
- 明治25年 (1892年)、久米邦武の学術論文「神道は祭天の古俗」を巡って激しい論争久米邦武筆禍事件。
- 1892 - raging debate arose over Kunitake KUME's treatise, 'Shinto is an outmoded remnant of heaven worship' (known as the Kunitake KUME incident).
- これは白熱した数年にわたるファン論争で、アニメビデオは吹き替えがいいのか字幕がいいのか、という論争だ。
- a heated multi-year argument among fans over whether anime videos should be dubbed or subtitled.
- 単なる訳者にとどまらない鴎外の審美学は、坪内逍遥との没理想論争にも現れており、田山花袋にも影響を与えた。
- Ogai's study of aesthetics went further than that of a translator, as shown in the dispute on 'anti-idealism' with Shoyo TSUBOUCHI, which also affected Katai TAYAMA.
- 中世の被差別民は一般的に非人と称されたが、河原者がその中に含まれるかどうかについて、論争が行われている。
- Although those discriminated in the Medieval Period were generally called Hinin, there is controversy as to whether Kawaramono were included in Hinin.
- 私はこの演説の中で、論争の的となっている問題に触れ、危険な立場と思われているところにあなたを導きました。
- In the course of this Address I have touched on debatable questions and led you over what will be deemed dangerous ground―
- 『続古事談』によれば、安倍晴明と賀茂光栄がどちらが師匠の賀茂保憲に気重されたについての論争をしたという。
- According to the 'Zoku kojidan' (Tales of Antiquity Continued), ABE no Seimei and KAMO no Mitsuyoshi debated on which of them their master KAMO no Yasunori was not looking forward to.
- 長い論争が繰り広げられたが、結局明確な結論は出ないまま論争は下火になり、現在ではほとんど行われていない。
- It was a long dispute but it cooled down with no clear conclusion and is virtually nonexistent now.
- たとえばマルクス主義的な発展段階論においては周代中国を奴隷社会であるか古代荘園社会であるかが論争となった。
- For example, in the development stage theory of Marx, it is argued whether China in the Zhou period was a slavery society or an ancient manor-based society, therefore, it is not easy to settle the dispute.
- だが、近年、足利尊氏の肖像画ではないかという説が有力となってきているため、論争となっている(神護寺三像)。
- Recently, however, the theory that the portrait was actually Takauji ASHIKAGA's portrait has been widely accepted, causing debates (three portraits at Jingo-ji Temple).
- いずれにしろ論争は著作の応酬という形式で行われ、実際に両者が顔を合わせて激論を交わしたということではない。
- Anyway, the dispute was carried out by publishing books, and it is a fact that neither side ever had a heated face-to-face debate.
- 百済から仏教が伝えられたとき、崇仏か否かの論争があったが、崇仏側の蘇我氏が勝ちを占め、飛鳥寺が建立された。
- When Buddhism was imported from Kudara, it caused a controversy whether to worship the Buddha or not, and the Soga family who advocated worship finally won out and they built the Asuka-dera Temple.
- 私の置かれた状況は奇妙なものだったが、この論争の題材は人類にとっては古く、どこにでもあるような問題だった。
- Strange as my circumstances were, the terms of this debate are as old and commonplace as man;
- 論点としては、具体的な活動を示す文献が『太平記』以外に無い事等が挙げられ、実在の有無をめぐり論争となった。
- The reason was that there was no other literature to show Takanori's activities in detail apart from 'Taiheiki,' and this evoked disputes whether he existed or not.
- なお、この論争と同時期に刑法典・商法典を巡る論争も行われて、旧刑法の全面改正と旧商法の施行延期が行われた。
- Disputes over the Penal Code and the Commercial Code were also made at the same time, and the Old Penal Code was totally revised and the effectuation of the Old Commercial Code was postponed.
- 文部省の意向とは全く違う次元で論争は終始した(現代でも問題になっているアグネス論争も類似した論争である)。
- This dispute was far from the intention of the Ministry of Education from beginning to end (a similar dispute occurred even in our time that was known as the 'Agnes Dispute').
- 大友皇子即位説(おおとものみこそくいせつ)は、江戸時代から唱えられた学説で、日本史学で長く続く論争点である。
- The Prince Otomo enthronement theory was advocated in the Edo period and it was a long-lasting dispute in the Japanese history.
- 李氏朝鮮との間では国書受け入れを巡って紛争が起こり、1873年政府を二分する論争(いわゆる征韓論)となった。
- The government came into conflict with the Joseon Dynasty of Korea about whether or not they accept the sovereign's message, and then 'Seikanron' (the dispute about conquering Korea by military force) occurred in 1873, dividing the Japanese government.
- 明治時代の終わりには上杉と美濃部の天皇機関説論争が行われ、大正デモクラシーの時期には立憲学派が優勢となった。
- At the end of the Meiji period, there was the emperor-as-organ theory argument between Uesugi and Minobe and constitutional school sect became predominant during the Taisho democracy.
- この論争は義介を3世として認める形で決着するが、それまで義介に与えられていた「中興」の尊称は取り下げられた。
- This dispute was settled by accepting Gikai as the third chief priest, but the honorary title of 'Chuko' (restorer) that Gikai had retained until then was withdrawn.
- この書における一乗批判・法華経批判に対して最澄が著したのが『照権実鏡』であり、ここから両者の論争が始まった。
- In rivalry with the criticism against ichijo and Hokekyo in this book, Saicho wrote 'Shogon-jikkyo,' which is where the dispute between them started.
- このため、儒教を思想とみなすか宗教とみなすかでは、完全に見解が分かれており、たびたび論争の焦点になっている。
- Thus, opinions are completely divided on whether to view Ju-kyo as a thought or a religion, and this has often been the point of dispute.
- 軍記物語である『平家物語』『源平盛衰記』では、逆櫓論争など義経と景時の対立の話がより具体的に記述されている。
- In war chronicles 'Heike Monogatari' and 'Genpei Seisui ki,' confrontations between Yoshitsune and Kagetoki such as the 'Sakaro Argument' were written in detail.
- なお、陽成天皇の譲位で皇位を巡る論争が起きた際、自分も皇胤の一人であると主張したが藤原基経に退けられたという。
- On the abdication of Emperor Yozei, there was a dispute about the succession, and although Toru insisted that he was one of the descendant of an Emperor, he was pushed aside by FUJIWARA no Mototsune.
- 勅撰和歌集の撰者をめぐって二条為世と論争するが、院宣を得て1312年(正和元年)「玉葉和歌集」を撰集している。
- He fell into conflict with Tameyo NIJO over who would be chosen as a compiler of the latest Imperial waka anthology, but received an imperial decree appointing him such, and in 1312 he set about compiling the 'Gyokuyo wakashu' (The Jeweled Leaves Collection).
- 法蔵 (日本)が応和元年(963年)に時の村上天皇の御本命供の期日を巡って陰陽道の賀茂保憲と論争を行っている。
- In 963 Hozo (Japan) made a dispute with KAMO no Yasunori of Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) over the date of 御本命供 of the Emperor Murakami in those days.
- こうした制度のもとで、次の世代はあらゆる論争されている真理について、今よりも悪くなるということはないでしょう。
- Under this system, the rising generation would be no worse off in regard to all disputed truths, than they are at present;
- 21世紀の現在では、東塔は平城京での新築とするのが、ほぼ通説となっているが、論争は完全に決着したわけではない。
- Although it is widely believed that the East Pagoda was newly established at Heijo-kyo today in the twenty-first century, the dispute has not been settled yet.
- この論争は林羅山がハビアンを論破する形で終わり、その後ハビアンは信仰に動揺を来たし、後の棄教につながっていく。
- The dispute ended with Razan HAYASHI winning the argument and Fabian would later question and subsequently abandon his faith.
- 1880 - 1881年、東京の日比谷に設けた神道事務局神殿の祭神をめぐって神道界に激しい教理論争が起こった。
- From 1880 to 1881, a fierce debate took place over the Shinto doctrine concerning which gods should be enshrined in the temple of Shinto Jimukyoku (office) in Hibiya, Tokyo.
- その巻末には修辞学と論理学の技法についての2編の短い大要があり、後者はソクラテス式論争方の見本で結ばれていた。
- The end of which there were two little sketches of rhetoric and logic, the latter finishing with a specimen of a dispute in the Socratic method.
- その論争(反論)には決まって、妥協案が他にない、というものがあり、妥協的な名称としての側面も持っていると言える。
- Counterarguments always included that there is no other plan of compromise; therefore, it can be said that naming of cities, towns, and villages with old provincial names has the aspect of compromise.
- しかし、1911年(明治44年)に喜田が南北朝正閏論で職を失うと、同種の性格を持つこの論争も冷水を浴びせられた。
- However, when Kida lost his job due to Nanbokucho-Seijunron (argument on legitimacy of either Northern or Southern Dynasty) in 1911, the Yamatohime no Okimi enthronement or Shosei theory similar to that argument was also criticized.
- これに対して呂振羽は殷を奴隷制、周代を封建制の社会だとして反論し、この論争は結論を見ないままに終わることになる。
- Lu Zhenyu opposed the idea, insisting that Yin was a slavery society and Zhou was a Hoken system-based society, but the argument ended without conclusion.
- 元暦2年(1185年)元旦に出現した赤気を巡って密奏を行った安倍季弘兄弟と他の安倍氏一族との間で論争が発生した。
- There was a dispute between the ABE no Suehiro brothers who performed the misso and the other members of the ABE clan over the sekki phenomenon (low-latitude aurora) observed on February 9, 1185.
- 1731年(享保16年)華厳宗の鳳潭との論争に対しては、「浄土折衝編」を著して鳳潭に反駁し、宗風を高揚している。
- In 1731, as for his argument with Hotan of the Kegon Sect, he wrote 'Jodo sessho hen' (the negotiations of Jodo (Pure Land) version) to refute Hotan and enhanced the style of a school.
- 朱熹・陸九淵の両者は直に対面して論争したが(鵝湖の会)、結論は全く出ず、互いの学説の違いを再確認するに留まった。
- Chu His and Riku Kyuen argued in person (the talk at Gako), but reached no conclusion, and only reconfirmed the differences in their theories.
- やがてこの論争は明治天皇の裁定により収拾(出雲派が敗北)し、天照大神の神格は最高位に位置づけられることになった。
- This debate was eventually brought to an end by the decision of Emperor Meiji, resulting in the defeat of the Izumo group, and Amaterasu Omikami was ranked at the highest level of all the gods.
- 白鳥庫吉と共に戦前を代表する東洋史学者であり、邪馬台国論争、中国に於ける時代区分論争などで戦前の学会を二分した。
- He was a representative scholar of eastern history, together with Kurakichi SHIRATORI, before the war; their dispute on Yamatai-Koku kingdom and periodization theory about Chinese history divided the academic society into two.
- 国の下に置かれるのが郡だが、大化当時は評(こおり)とも呼ばれていたと、専門家らの間に論争がある(「郡評論争」)。
- Although gun (counties) were provided within each province, there is a controversy (called 'Gun-pyo ronso') among some experts about that such a county was called not only 'gun' but also 'koori' in the Taika era.
- (好太王碑 最古の拓本発見 旧日本陸軍入手のものと一致 「改竄論争に終止符」読売新聞 2006年4月12日12面)
- (Inscription on the Gwanggaeto Stele; the oldest engraved print found; it is identical to the one retrieved by the old Imperial Japanese Army; 'Put a period to the Debate about the Alteration'; the Yomiuri Shimbun, April 12, 2006, page 12.)
- 福裕は、元 (王朝)朝において、道教の全真教の道士、李志常と論争して勝利を収め、嵩山の少林寺に住して教勢を張った。
- Fukuyu won in the dispute with Ri Shijo, a Taoist of Quanzhen school of Taoism in the Yuan, and spread it whilst based at the Shorin-ji Temple (Shaolin Temple) in Mt.Sung.
- しかし、戦後になると経済優先の政策により徐々に景観が破壊され、街並みが壊されることに対する景観論争も起こっている。
- However, since World War II policies designed to prioritize the economy have been implemented, and as a result the landscape has gradually been destroyed, stirring up a debate on the issue of landscape.
- こうしたファンサブ活動が、アメリカ企業にこれら作品のライセンス取得をうながしたかどうかは、大論争の種となっている。
- Whether or not these fansubs actually prompted American companies to license these titles is a matter of hot debate.
- 大乗仏教の中でも、日蓮宗・法華宗では宗派の本尊とする本仏が誰かという論争が有り、釈迦本仏論と日蓮本仏論の対立がある。
- Among the Mahayana Buddhism sects, there is a dispute over who is the main image in Nichiren and Hokke sects; additionally, there is a conflict between a thesis that considers Shaka to be the original Buddha and another that considers it to be Nichiren.
- また、明治40年(1907年)には全華族に対して華族の世襲を禁止するという意見書を配り、谷干城と激しい論争になった。
- Furthermore, in 1907, he distributed a paper to urge the prohibition against the succession of the kazoku status to all kazoku, at a result, a considerable debate aouse between him and Takeki TANI.
- 本協定又はあらゆる事業計画の解釈又は適用に関する両締約者間のいかなる論争も、両締約者の事務局長の共同の決定で解決する。
- Any dispute between the Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement or any Project Plan shall be settled by joint decision of the Directors-General of the Parties.
- この兵制論争中、6月21日段階での争点は、京都に駐留していた鹿児島・山口・高知藩兵の取り扱いをめぐってのものであった。
- On July 29, the argument concerned what to do with the armies of Kagoshima, Yamaguchi and Kochi, which had been staying in Kyoto.
- 英一やその門人である山本友一は土屋文明系の渋谷嘉次と論争を行い、文明に代表されるアララギの作風のぎごちなさを批判する。
- Eiichi and his pupil, Tomoichi YAMAMOTO, criticized the awkward literary style of Araragi, and frequently argued with 渋谷嘉次, the pupil of Bunmei TSUCHIYA, who represented Araragi.
- また、この他にも東大寺が東寺・醍醐寺を末寺とする訴えを起こすなど、朝廷や幕府、更に宗派間を超えた論争が引き起こされた。
- Other than that, controversies raised involving the Imperial Court and the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), even beyond schools and sects, such as the one claiming by Todai-ji Temple to recognize To-ji Temple and Daigo-ji Temple as its matsuji.
- しかし、特に戦前では、不敬罪・治安維持法などの存在などから、皇室の権威にかかわる問題について論争が自由にできなかった。
- But, especially during the prewar period, the idea of lese majesty and the Peace Preservation Law prevented people from discussing the validity of the unbroken Imperial line.
- しかし、流派関係者や文化人からの批判が相次ぎ、新聞紙上でも論争が起きて「鵺的射法」とまで揶揄されるまでに不評であった。
- However, it was criticized by schools and cultural figures and also disputed in papers, being unfavorably received so much that it was ridiculed to be 'Nue-mato shaho (the slippery art of shooting an arrow).'
- それにもかかわらず、われわれの祖先がそのために血をながしてきた独立戦争の信念は、いまだに世界中で論争の的になっている。
- And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forbears fought are still at issue around the globe. . .
- しかし、これらは次第に考慮されなくなってきており、平成の大合併期には、強引な名称決定に論争が起きた事例も少なくなかった。
- However, these conditions have not come to be considered gradually, and at the time of big consolidation in Heisei period, controversies occurred in many cases in which municipality names were forcibly decided.
- 明治7年(1874年)東京喰違坂附近で征韓論争の結果に不満を抱く高知県士族武市熊吉らに襲撃され、怪我を負う(喰違の変)。
- In 1874, near the Kuichigaizaka Hill in Tokyo, he was attacked by Kumakichi TAKECHI, a samurai descendent in Kochi Prefecture, and others who were not satisfied with the result of the Seikan-ron debate and was injured (the Kuichigai Incident).
- 物部氏の没落によって欽明天皇以来の崇仏廃仏論争に決着が付き、法興寺(飛鳥寺)や四天王寺などの、造寺事業を積極的に行った。
- The fall of the Mononobe clan settled the controversy which had started in Emperor Kinmei's time over whether to worship or to abandon Buddhism, and Emperor Sushun actively undertook the construction of temples, including Hoko-ji Temple (Asuka-dera Temple) and Shitenno-ji Temple.
- 第二次大戦後には、東京大学に本拠を置く歴史学研究会の唯物史観を基にした時代区分法(東京学派)との間で激しい論争が行われた。
- After World War II, they fiercely debated with the Tokyo school that had a method of dividing the historical ages based on a materialist view of history by the Historical Science Society of Japan headquartered in Tokyo University.
- イラクとイランの間の水路の管理をめぐる論争は1980年に戦争に至り、そして、国連の停戦決議を受け入れた1988年まで続いた
- a dispute over control of the waterway between Iraq and Iran broke out into open fighting in 1980 and continued until 1988, when they accepted a UN cease-fire resolution
- 日本中世史と日本近世史の間で、1953年から1960年代にかけて日本封建制成立論争が展開した(太閤検地論争とも呼ばれる)。
- There was a controversy between medieval history and early-modern history on the establishment of the Hoken system in Japan from 1953 through the 1960's (it is also called the controversy of Taiko-kenchi (cadastral survey instituted by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI)).
- いままでこの問題だけで論争がおこっていたが、近年注目されているのが、上原真人の法華堂(三月堂、羂索堂)金光明寺金堂説である。
- This issue has been intensively argued, but in recent years the theory of Mahito UEHARA, where the Hokke-do Hall (the Sangatsu-do Hall and the Kensaku-do Hall) was regarded as the Kon-do Hall of Konmyo-ji Temple, has been attracting attention.
- 白峯(しらみね) - 西行が讃岐国にある在俗時代の主崇徳天皇の陵墓、白峯陵に参拝したおり、崇徳上皇の亡霊と対面し、論争する。
- Shiramine - When Saigyo visits Sanuki Province and pays reverence at Shiramine no Misasagi, as a layman visiting the imperial mausoleum of Emperor Sutoku, he meets a departed spirit of the Emperor and argues with him.
- その交渉を巡って、是か非かの激しい論争が清朝内で起こったが、各論者とも『万国公法』等を何度も引用し、己が主張の根拠としている。
- With regards to the negotiation, there were fierce debates whether the negotiation was right or wrong in the Qing dynasty, and both side repeatedly cited 'Bankoku Koho'as ground of their allegations.
- 本家末家論争(ほんけまつけろんそう)は、江戸時代の大名(近世大名)における本家・分家関係にある大名家の家格をめぐる争いである。
- A Honke-matsuke-ronso was a dispute between a head family and a branch family of a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) family (particularly early modern daimyo) concerning social standing during the Edo period.
- 以上の米倉・黒田らによる新説の提示により、通説はその論拠のいくつかを失い、以降、通説と新説の間で大きな論争が続くこととなった。
- The effect of some evidence for the popular theory became invalid due to the indication of the new theory claimed by Yonekura and Kuroda as stated above, and it had been controversial significantly between the popular theory and the new theory.
- 「必然的なものでも、例外なしに起こるものでもなかった」うえ、それらの変化が起こった詳しい原因についてはいまだ論争が続いている。
- It is neither an inevitable change nor a one which occurs without exception, and a debate still continues as to detailed reasons why such a change occurred.
- 三職推任問題については、双方の説も朝廷主導と見るのが有力であったが、立花京子が信長の意思であるとの新説を提唱し、論争となった。
- As for the Sanshoku suinin mondai, the viewpoint that the Imperial Court led this issue in both theories was influential, but Kyoko TACHIBANA proposed a new theory that it was led by Nobunaga's will, and as a result, it led to a dispute.
- 国家神道の基盤ともなったが、神道事務局祭神論争(1880~1881年)での出雲派の敗退により表舞台からは消えて潜勢力となった。
- This later became the basis of State Shinto (Kokka Shinto); however, after the Izumo faction lost the so-called pantheon dispute (saijin ronso, 1880-1881) within the Shinto Jimukyoku (Bureau of Shinto Affairs), this theory fell from prominence and receded into the background, becoming a latent force.
- 鎌倉幕府をめぐる論争としては、中世における国家という観点から、朝廷と鎌倉幕府の関係を如何にとらえるかという学術上の論争がある。
- Disputes regarding the Kamakura Bakufu include that of how to regard the relationship between the Imperial Court and the Kamakura bakufu from the standpoint of a nation state in the middle ages times.
- 仏教の摂取と流布に大いに貢献した蘇我氏とこれに反対する物部氏との対立(崇仏論争)はのちに蘇我馬子と物部守屋との間での戦乱を招く。
- A dispute over the adoption of Buddhism between the Soga clan, who had greatly contributed to dissemination of Buddhism in Japan, and their opponents, the Mononobe clan led to conflict between SOGA no Umako and MONONOBE no Moriya.
- なお、ドレスデンを離れる前日、ハインリッヒ・エドムント・ナウマンの講演に反論しており、のちにミュンヘンの一流紙で論争が起こった。
- Also, the day before he left Dresden, he put forward a counterargument to Heinrich Edmund NAUMANN which later caused a dispute in Munich's most famous newspaper.
- しかし民撰議院設立論争にしても、女性問題・国語国字問題にしても、後世の社会に芽吹く種子を植え付けたことは歴史的に明らかであった。
- However, it is historically obvious that it planted some seeds which would sprout out in later years on the dispute of the establishment of democratic representatives, problems on feminism and the issue of a nation's script.
- 私たちは巻き起こる論争でこの仮説を厳密に、適切な検証によってだけ、それ以外のなにものにもよらず、比較検討しなればならないのです。
- We must weigh this hypothesis strictly in the controversy which is coming, by the only tests which are appropriate, and by no others whatsoever.
- さらに、スコラ学派の実践しているような論争によって、これまで知られていない真理が明らかになった例を、わたしは寡聞にして知らない。
- And further, I have never observed that any truth before unknown has been brought to light by the disputations that are practised in the schools;
- その論争は実際、絵画派、写真派のおたがいに気づかれることないながらも、世の中にインパクトを与える歴史的な変化のきざしだったのだ。
- The dispute was in fact the symptom of a historical transformation the universal impact of which was not realized by either of the rivals.
- この論争が始まったのは、江戸時代後期、新井白石が「古史通或問」において大和国説を説き、「外国之事調書」では筑後国山門郡説を説いた。
- These controversies began in the late Edo period, when Hakuseki ARAI discussed the Yamato Province theory in 'Koshitsuwakumon' and offered the Yamato County in Chikugo Province theory in 'Gaikokunokoto shirabegaki.'
- 最澄は『法華秀句』を著した直後に没し、徳一もその後の動向は不詳なため、両者の論争が必ずしも明確な結論を得て終結した訳ではなかった。
- After Saicho wrote 'Hokke-shuku' he died and it is unknown where Tokuitsu was after that and thus the dispute between them did not reach a clear conclusion.
- どちらかといえば秀才肌で生真面目な感のある最澄が、これほどまでに攻撃的な姿勢で論争に臨んだ背景として、いくつかの原因が考えられる。
- We can assume several reasons why Saicho was aggressively involved with this dispute though he was rather a smart and solemn guy.
- 儒教の長い歴史の間には、古文・今文の争い、喪に服する期間、仏教との思想的関係、理や気の捉え方など様々な論争があって枚挙に暇がない。
- In the long history of Ju-kyo, there is an endless list of various disputes including, the dispute between Kobun and Kinbun, the period of time to observe mourning, relation with Buddhism in terms of thought, and view towards law and Qi.
- 近代以降の神道および政教関係を大きく方向付けることとなった1881年(明治14年)の祭神論争の出雲派の敗北で、公的には否定される。
- It was denied officially as Izumo-ha school lost in the argument of enshrined deity in 1881, which greatly fixed the future course of Shinto and government-religion-relationship after the Meiji period.
- 岩龍島は昔舟島と呼ばれていたが、宮本武蔵という刀術者と佐々木岩龍が武芸論争をし、この島で刀術の試合をし、岩龍は宮本に打ち殺された。
- In the past, Ganryu-jima had been called Funa-shima; a master of the sword, Musashi MIYAMOTO and Ganryu SASAKI had an argument over the art of warfare, they carried out a fight of art of sword at the island, and Ganryu was struck to the death by Miyamoto.
- また、第一期生はギュスターヴ・エミール・ボアソナードによる旧民法などの法典編纂に協力し、民法典論争においては断行派の中核となった。
- The first generation students helped compilation of the codes such as the old civil laws led by Gustave Emile BOISSONADE and became the core of the assertor group in the controversy on the civil code.
- 天正7年(1579年)5月には、信長の命により浄土宗と日蓮宗の僧による仏教論争(いわゆる安土宗論)が当寺で行われたことで知られる。
- This temple is known as the temple where a Buddhist dispute (so-called the Azuchi religious dispute) was raised by the priests of Jodo sect and Nichiren sect based on a command by Nobunaga in June 1579.
- 高い学識で知られ、大安寺戒明が入唐求法で請来した「釈摩訶衍論」を調べてこれを偽書と判定し、最澄と会津の徳一との論争に影響を与えた。
- Known for his prodigious scholarship he delved into the text 'Shakumakaenron' (annotated 10 volume translated Mahayana Buddhism text brought back from Tang China by Buddhist priest Kaimyo of Daian-ji Temple during his Nitto Guho [a pilgrimage to China in search of the Law]) coming to the conclusion it was a fake, which influenced the dispute between Saicho and Tokuitsu of Aizu.
- ちなみに、そのドイツ三部作をめぐって石橋忍月と論争を、また『しがらみ草紙』上で坪内逍遥の記実主義を批判して没理想論争を繰り広げた。
- Furthermore, he had a dispute with Ningetsu ISHIBASHI about his three books on Germany, and also instigated a dispute on 'anti-idealism,' by publishing critical comments in his 'Shigarami Soshi' (Constraint Brochure) about realism as advocated by Shoyo TSUBOUCHI.
- しかし一方で天桂伝尊などが、道元以来の宗規に拠らず他流(黄檗宗)の清規を当てはめようとした道白を「形式主義」と批判し、論争をよんだ。
- On the other hand, Tenkei Denson and others criticized Dohaku, who tried to apply seiki (regulations) of the other sect (Obaku Sect) instead of traditional regulations established by Dogen, as 'formalism' and there were debates among them.
- 近年、中世の河原者の居住地と、近世の被差別民の居住地が重なる例が京都や奈良を中心に報告され、部落の起源論争の大きな焦点となっている。
- Cases have been reported mainly in Kyoto and Nara, in which the domicile of the Kawaramono in the Medieval Period coincided with those who were discriminated in modern times, while reported cases focused on the controversy of the origin of Buraku (discriminated hamlet).
- それに対し、「珎」は「珍」の異体字であり、和同開珎は「わどうかいちん」と読むという説もあり、江戸時代から150年以上論争が続いてきた。
- Contradicting to this theory, there was a different theory that 'chin' was a variant character of 'chin' (rare) and Wado-kaichin was read as Wado-kaichin causing a dispute for over 150 years since the Edo period.
- 大村は軍制改革の中心を担い、1869年6月には政府の兵制会議で大久保らと旧征討軍の処理と中央軍隊の建設方法について論争を展開している。
- Omura was responsible for military reform and at a military meeting in July 1869, he clashed with Okubo and others over the treatment of the defeated armies and the establishment of a centralized military.
- この論争の間、最澄は『守護国界章』『法華秀句』など大部の著作を執筆しており、これは徳一からの批判への反論の書として書かれたものである。
- During this dispute, Saicho wrote voluminous books such as 'Shugo-kokkai-sho' (An Essay on the Protection of the Nation), 'Hokke-shuku' (The Outstanding Principles of the Lotus Sutra) and so on and they were written for rebuttals to criticism of Tokuitsu.
- (この立場は正式には日本政府に伝達されていないが、この論争の仲介、調停、仲裁裁判または司法解決に提出されることで明かされるであろう。)
- (This position has never been formally communicated to the Japanese Government but might well come to light were this dispute ever submitted to mediation, conciliation, arbitration or judicial settlement.)
- もろもろの山よ、地の変ることなき基よ、主の言い争いを聞け。主はその民と言い争い、イスラエルと論争されるからである。 (ミカ書 6:2)
- Hear, you mountains, Yahweh's controversy, and you enduring foundations of the earth; for Yahweh has a controversy with his people, and he will contend with Israel. (Micah 6:2)
- 明治13年 (1880年)-明治14年 (1881年)、芝東照宮から神道事務局神殿へ祭神を遷す際、祭神をめぐり神道界に激しい教理論争。
- 1880-1881 - fierce controversy over enshrined deities arose in Shinto circles when moving enshrined deities from Shiba-toshogu Shrine to the Shinto Jimukyoku's shrine.
- こういうわけで、明治初期までイデオロギー的発言は活発だったが、学問上の論争にとどまる限り、それがいずれかの有利不利に働くことはなかった。
- Various ideological theories were advocated before the early Meiji period, but none of them were judged correct as long as they were academic disputes.
- または邪馬台国論争の隆盛のように歴史ブームというべき現象も起きており、学術的信頼性のない説(九州王朝説など)も一定の広がりを見せている。
- Furthermore, a phenomenon that can be said a history boom, for example, popular and hot disputes about Yamatai-koku kingdom, has been generated, with theories lacking academic reliability (for example, the theory of Kyushu dynasty) gaining a certain amount of support as well.
- その後清風(日扇)の遷化後、在家中心主義と僧侶との位置づけの問題・現世利益の強調など様々な論争を経て、離脱や分派が相次ぐ(分派と影響)。
- After Seifu (Nissen) passed away, there occurred the continuous branching of schools and desertion from various debates concerning the problem of localization between the Zaike dogma and monks and the emphasis of the Genseriyaku (spiritual (material) benefit gained in this world through observance of the Buddhist teachings) (division of schools and influence).
- この難題のために、現在、この問題は宗派や党派の単なる戦場となり、教育に費やすべき時間と労力が教育論争に浪費される原因となっているのです。
- which now convert the subject into a mere battle-field for sects and parties, causing the time and labour which should have been spent in educating, to be wasted in quarrelling about education.
- 『三大考』をめぐる論争の中で、本居大平は篤胤に厳しく批判されていたが、鈴屋門を取り仕切る彼は、門人の一人として篤胤をもてなすことにした。
- Although Atsutane criticized Ohira MOTOORI fiercely in the argument about 'Sandaiko', he who managed Suzuya family decided to show Atsutane hospitality, as one of disciple.
- 大正期に入って、1914年には第2次大隈内閣の鉄道省総裁となり、前任の仙石貢を引き継ぎ日本の改軌論争を目指したが、実現には至らなかった。
- In the Taisho period, he became the president of Ministry of Railways of the second Okuma Cabinet in 1914, and he took over the former president Mitsugu SENGOKU and aimed at widening of the track gauge, which was eventually failed.
- しかし、愚かな議論と、系図と、争いと、律法についての論争とを、避けなさい。それらは無益かつ空虚なことである。 (テトスヘの手紙 3:9)
- but shun foolish questionings, genealogies, strife, and disputes about the law; for they are unprofitable and vain. (Titus 3:9)
- 「軍縮論争で別の夜に議会で演説した多くの議員たちは、大英帝国がその存在を保ってきた諸条件について悲しむべき無知を示しているように思われる。
- [33] (*) 'Many speakers to the House the other night in the debate on the reduction of armaments seemed to show a most lamentable ignorance of the conditions under which the British Empire maintains its existence.
- 李承晩が権力の座に居る限りは、解決の糸口がほとんど無いように見えたが、現在、我々には韓国と日本の論争の精算につながる全く新しい状況がある。
- As long as Rhee held power there seemed little chance of any solution but now we have entirely new situation which could lead to liquidation of ROK-Japan controversy.
- 朝廷の代表者である正親町天皇と信長の関係については、織田政権の性格づけに関わる大きな問題であり、1970年代より活発な論争が行われてきた。
- The relationship between Emperor Ogimachi, a representative of the Imperial Court, and Nobunaga is a big issue determining the character of the Oda government, which has been actively discussed since 1970s.
- (ただし、特に邪馬台国および卑弥呼の正体についてはとりわけ激しい論争の的となることが多く、前述の桃太郎伝説と共にその信憑性が問題視される。)
- (However, especially the Yamatai-koku and Himiko's identity often became the subject of fiercer debate and the reliability is questionable as similar to the previously mentioned legend of Momotaro.)
- そのため、皇室典範を改正し、女子や女系の者にも皇位継承権を与えるか、旧皇族を皇籍に復帰させるなどして男系継承を維持するかの論争が起きている。
- Because of that, disputes have broken out over whether to revise the Imperial House Act and give a female in female line the right of succession to the Imperial Throne, or keep the male line of succession by returning the former Imperial Family as the Imperial Family again.
- これを踏まえ、現在ではプレ大和王権と邪馬台国と直接結びつくのか(あるいは初期の大和王権と邪馬台国が同一のものなのか)が論争の焦点となっている。
- As a result, the focus of the controversy is now whether pre-Yamato kingdom (the ancient Japan sovereignty) is connected directly with Yamatai (or whether the embryonic Yamato kingdom is actually the same as Yamatai).
- 国府所在候補地が複数挙がり論争になる、史料が平安時代中期以降の編纂のため大化の改新~平安時代初期の初期国府と史料記載国府は違うと見る説もある。
- Historical records which have been subject to dispute because they record several candidate locations for Kokufu were compiled after the mid-Heian period, and there is another theory that the location of Kokufu that were established from the period around the Taika Reforms to the early Heian period differs from that established after the mid-Heian period.
- 平城京の薬師寺にある東塔及び本尊薬師三尊像が飛鳥の本薬師寺から移されたものか、平城京で新たにつくられたものかについては明治時代以来論争がある。
- It has been controversial since the Meiji period that whether the East Pagoda and Honzon Yakushi Sanzonzo (three statues that comprise the Yakushi Triad) in Yakushi-ji Temple in Heijo-kyo were transferred from Moto-Yakushiji Temple in Asuka, or whether they were newly produced in Heijo-kyo.
- 山路愛山の文学観は、明治26年(1893年)に『國民の友』誌上で北村透谷との間に展開された、「人生に相渉るとは何の謂ぞ」という論争に見られる。
- Aizan YAMAJI's views on literature can be found in a critical essay titled 'What Does It Mean to Benefit Mankind?' by Tokoku KITAMURA, which was carried in 'Kokumin no tomo' magazine in 1893 and became the source of dispute between Yamaji and Kitamura.
- 論争を通じて、日本における肖像画に対する多方面からの再検討が非常に活発化しており、この論争は日本の肖像画を改めて見直す重要な契機となっている。
- Throughout the controversy, portraits have actively been reexamined from various aspects in Japan, and this subject gave an important opportunity to review the portraits in Japan.
- しかしこの間、『日本書紀』の記述の信頼性が高まったわけでもないので、即位説をめぐる論争は決定打を欠くまま諸学者の推測にゆだねられることになった。
- However, since the reliability of descriptions of 'Chronicles of Japan' did not increase, the dispute regarding the enthronement theory was not solved, and was left to the conjecture of scholars.
- 商法の施行延期が決定されたことで論争はさらに勢いを増し、1891年、穂積八束が『民法出デテ忠孝亡ブ』という論文を発表し、「我国ハ祖先教ノ国ナリ。
- The decision to postpone the enforcement of the Commercial Code led to disputes, and in 1891 Yatsuka HOZUMI said the following in his thesis 'Minho Idete Chuko Horobu' (As civil laws are being introduced, loyalty and filial duty are being lost): 'Our country worships ancestors.
- 逍遥が「早稲田文学」にウィリアム・シェイクスピアの評釈に関して加えた短い説明に対し、批判的な評を『しがらみ草紙』に載せたことから論争が始まった。
- One of the disputes began with Ogai's criticism in 'Shigarami Soshi,' of the short explanation which Shoyo added to his own comments on William SHAKESPEARE in 'Waseda Bungaku' (Waseda Literature).
- とりわけ、急病により一線を退いた太政大臣三条実美に代わって、論争を主導した右大臣岩倉具視や内務卿大久保利通に対する恨みは次第に増幅されていった。
- Especially, the resentment against Tomomi IWAKURA, Minister of the Right and Toshimichi OKUBO, Secretary of Interior, who led the aforementioned debate in place of Sanetomi SANJO, the Grand Minister who had to retire due to sudden illness, was increasingly grown.
- 1682年(天和2年)、岡山で起きた不受不施派内の論争は、不受不施派を導師派と不導師派に二分し、不導師派の日講の系統は不受不施日蓮講門宗となる。
- The internal debate in the Fujufuse school, which occurred in 1682 in Okayama, led to the split of Fujufuse school into two schools, namely the Doshi school and the Fudoshi school, and the Fudoshi school to which Nikko belonged became independent as Fujufuse Nichiren Komon Sect.
- 1536年(天文 (元号)5年)、延暦寺との教義論争に端を発した天文法華の乱により堂宇はことごとく焼失し、一時堺市の顕本寺 (堺市)に避難した。
- A doctrinal dispute with Enryaku-ji Temple escalated into the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance in 1536, during which all of the temple's halls were completely destroyed and followers temporarily fled to Kenpon-ji Temple (Sakai City) in Sakai City.
- 邪馬台国論争に関しては、宣長は尊王攘夷の立場に立っていた『三国志演義』に基づき『魏志倭人伝』を解釈して、卑弥呼女酋説・邪馬台国九州説を提唱した。
- Norinaga interpreted 'Gishi wajinden' (Records of the Wa people, Chronicle of Wei) based on 'Romance of the Three Kingdoms,' which supported the view of Sonno Joi, (a view that advocates reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners), and came up with the theory that Himiko was the female head of the Yamataikoku kingdom and the kingdom was located in Kyushu.
- ひとりも正義をもって訴え、真実をもって論争する者がない。彼らはむなしきことを頼み、偽りを語り、害悪をはらみ、不義を産む。 (イザヤ書 59:4)
- None sues in righteousness, and none pleads in truth: they trust in vanity, and speak lies; they conceive mischief, and bring forth iniquity. (Isaiah 59:4)
- この論争の意義については、かつては学問的な論争と考えられていたが、実際には言いがかり的な論争も多く、中心は政治的・派閥的な争いとする見方も強い。
- The significance of the disputes was once regarded as an academic one; however, in fact, there were so many arguments just for objection that many people take the disputes mainly as political and sectional conflicts.
- このことから、書紀が述べるような大改革はこのとき存在しなかったのではないかという説が唱えられ、大化改新論争という日本史学上の一大争点になっている。
- For this reason, some claim that the major reforms which the Chronicles described had not occurred at this time, and this has become an extremely controversial point regarding the history of Japan, referred to as the Taika Reform Dispute.
- けれどこの問題が潜んでいることは当代の実践的論争に深く影響していますし、すぐにも将来の決定的に重要な問題として認められようとしている問題なのです。
- but which profoundly influences the practical controversies of the age by its latent presence, and is likely soon to make itself recognised as the vital question of the future.
- またこの時期岡山の不受不施派では、法立が導師を務めることが出来るか否かをめぐり導師不導師の論争が起こり岡山だけではなく不受不施派全体の問題となった。
- In this period, a dispute arose among the believers of fujufuse in Okayama concerning whether or not 'horyu' were allowed to act as doshi (Lead Chanter) and this dispute became a problem not only in Okayama but in the entire Fujufuse School.
- ほとんどの作品に必ずしも実装を要求されないことがらや、ちょっとした論争になっているようなことがらについては、わたしはあえて軽く触れるにとどめました。
- I have intentionally only mentioned points here which do not require major amounts of work to implement, and about which there is little controversy.
- 「自由vs必要」という退屈な論争は、「必要なモノの生産が、楽しい遊びの消費行動と同一の次元になる」という神学的なニュアンスとともに解決するのである。
- The tiresome debater's problem of freedom vs. necessity, with its theological overtones, resolves itself practically once the production of use-values is coextensive with the consumption of delightful play-activity.
- この論文は進行中の創造説科学にたいする公開論争、しばしば論理の混乱が目立つ(あるいはそれが特徴とさえなっている)論争を明瞭にしようとする試みなんだ。
- This essay is an attempt to clarify the ongoing public debates over Creation Science, disputes frequently (or even characteristically) notable for the logical confusion,
- しっぽ(鯛の尾部)まで餡が入っているかどうか、また入っているべきか否かについて、かつて文学者を巻き込んだ「たい焼き論争」とでもいうべき論争があった。
- There was once controversy among literary personalities over whether the bean paste should be filled all the way to the tail, or even whether bean paste should be used at all.
- 古代日本政府による最初の律令法に位置づけられるが、原本は現存せず、存在を裏付ける史料にとぼしいことから、存在説と非存在説の間で激しい論争が続いている。
- This is the first Ritsuryo code by the ancient Japanese government but because there is neither the original book remaining nor historical sources which confirm the existence of the code, there have been fierce debates about its existence.
- これに対して唐末期から五代十国時代を奴隷制から封建制へ切り替わりと捉える前田直典の論が出され、戦前から1970年代に渡って激しい論争が繰り広げられた。
- On the other hand, Naonari MAEDA proposed a view that the social system changed from slavery to the Hoken system during the era ranging from the closing years of the Tang period through the Wudai Shiguo period, and the argument was heated from the prewar period through the 1970's.
- この意見書ならびに議決の影響で民法や商法の施行をめぐる議論が活発化したことから、この意見書並びに議決が実質的に民法典論争(商法も含)のきっかけである。
- From the fact that this written opinion and the influence of the decision activated the discussions on the Civil Code and the Commercial Code, the written opinion and were substantially triggered the Minpoten Ronso (including the Commercial Code).
- 江戸幕府が本末制度を定めて他宗派間の本末関係を清算することに努めた背景には、こうした本末論争が大規模な政治・宗教対立に発展することを防ぐ意図があった。
- Edo Bakufu established Honmatsu seido and tried to nullify the Honmatsu relationship between different sects in order to prevent massive political and religious conflicts.
- 義介の下山後、義演が永平寺住職に就任したが論争による寺内の疲弊は甚だしく、また義演が開基波多野氏の信頼を得られなかったこともあって寺勢は急速に衰える。
- After Gikai left, Gien was appointed as the chief priest of Eihei-ji Temple, but since the temple was impoverished due to the conflict and because Gien couldn't earn the trust of the Hatano clan, the Kaiki (patron of a temple in its founding) of the Soto clan, the power of the temple rapidly diminished.
- 一連の論争の内容は難解で、一乗・三乗の権実のみならず、教判論における法華経や天台三大部の正当性、天竺・震旦の先哲による教義解釈の是非など広範囲に及ぶ。
- The contents of the series of the dispute were esoteric and they ranged widely such as Hokekyo in kyohanron (teaching theory), the legitimacy of Tendai-sandai-bu, the right and wrong of the interpretation of doctrines by the sentetsu (ancient wise men) in Tenjiku (India) and Cinasthana (China) and so on.
- これら両派は、には、上杉と美濃部の間で天皇機関説論争として対立し、その後大正デモクラシーの時期を通じて立憲学派の立場が優勢となり、通説的立場を占めた。
- These schools conflicted with each other between Uesugi and Minobe over the Emperor Organ Theory, and then, in and after the period of Taisho Democracy, the constitutional school had an advantage and it became a prevailing orthodoxy.
- 日本の学界では中国の荘園に対する理解(主に「世界史の基本原則」及び中世ヨーロッパの荘園との対比)について大きく分けると2説に分かれて論争が行われてきた。
- Concerning the understanding on Chinese shoens in Japanese academia (mainly the contrast between 'the basic principle of world history' and European shoens in medieval times), opinions have been divided roughly into two theories and disputed.
- ここでは、欽明天皇の治世年数(辛卯年より卅一年(31年)前)から逆算した即位年が『日本書紀』(宣化天皇4年に即位)と相違し、学者の論争の的となっている。
- Here, the year of Emperor Kinmei's enthronement which was figured out by counting backwards from the periods of his reign is different from the year mentioned in 'Nihonshoki' (it states that the year of enthronement was 538), which stirred controversy among the scholars.
- 親鸞の法統が「浄土真宗」を名乗ることの是非について浄土真宗と浄土宗の間で争われたのが安永3年(1774年)から15年にわたって続けられた宗名論争である。
- The conflict between Jodo Shinshu and Jodo Shu over the question whether or not the Shinran lineages could name themselves 'Jodo Shinshu' was called Shumei Ronso, which lasted for 15 years from 1774.
- 誰かの利益を代表する、あるいは代理あるいは代用される、政治家、有権者を代表している公務員、あるいは住宅論争において他の賃借人を代表している賃借人のような
- represent somebody's interest or be a proxy or substitute for, as of politicians and office holders representing their constituents, or of a tenant representing other tenants in a housing dispute
- Electronic Frontier Foundationは、本書が暗号に関わる政策論争にとって、真実の新しい水準をもたらしてくれることを期待している。
- The Electronic Frontier Foundation hopes that this book inspires a new level of truth to enter the policy debates on encryption.
- 1949年の岩宿遺跡が初出で、このときは旧石器存否論争、無土器新石器説、中石器時代説を引き起こし、石器資料そのものに関しては摩耗論争さえ巻き起こっている。
- Kyokubumasei-sekifu were first discovered in 1949 when they were unearthed at the Iwajuku Archeological Site, and this finding sparked a controversy over whether the Paleolithic Period had in fact existed, which in turn resulted in the development of the theory that pottery had not been used in the Neolithic Period and the theory of the Mesolithic Period; there was even a dispute as to whether the abrasion of the stone tools was genuine.
- その頃、本門法華宗内で「三途成不論争(皆久論争)」と呼ばれる皆成派と久遠派の教義上の論争があったが、勢力を蓄えていた講(在家信者)集団を巻き込み激化した。
- In those days, there existed a creed called the 'Sanzu Jofu Ronso' (the controversy over the practice of religious services to attain nirvana, also known as Kaiku Ronso) within Honmon Hokke Sect between Kaisei school and Kuon school, and the contention got heated as the religious association of lay believers storing its power were involved.
- だから、私たちはそういう見解を打ち捨てて、科学的基盤に基づいていると公言しており、したがってその結論についての論争を許容している見解に依拠すればよいのです。
- and hence we consider ourselves at liberty to pass it by, and to turn to those views which profess to rest on a scientific basis only, and therefore admit of being argued to their consequences.
- この論争は、愛山が文学と政治を同一視し、さらには個人と国家の目的を分けようとしないこと、思想とは行動を引き起こさなければ無益であると考えていることを示した。
- This dispute indicated that Aizan regarded literature in the same light as politics, and showed that he thought no lines should be drawn between a person's purpose and the nation's, and that ideas were useless unless they were followed by actions.
- また論争は法律論にとどまらず資本主義経済の矛盾の問題、国家思想や国体の位置づけなどにも及び、商法典論争と相まって一種の政治対立の様相さえ呈するようになった。
- Moreover, the disputes, ranging from legal theories to contradictions of capitalist economy, national ideology and positioning of the national structure and so on and combined with the disputes over the Commercial Code, came to present a kind of political confrontation.
- 本論争は直接的には、この動きを信長の強制と見るか否かを争うものであるが、その論を立脚点とした織田政権の将来構想や本能寺の変の背景に対する考察を含むものである。
- The point of the argument is whether the move was forced by Nobunaga or not, while other issues which could be derived from the main argument include considerations to the grand plan of the Oda administration and the background of the Honnoji Incident.
- これらは、長年議論の対象となってきた(「座論争」)が、今日では座とは本来は一定の有資格者が一同に会する場を指し、両方の意味合いを有していたとする説が有力である。
- These theories have been discussed over a long period of time (this discussion is called 'the za debate'), and the current dominant theory explains that the word 'za' originally indicated a place where certain qualified persons gathered all together and thus the word included both the meanings.
- もっとも三十歳代になると、日清戦争後に『めさまし草』を創刊して「合評」をするなど、評論的啓蒙活動は、戦闘的ないし論争的なものから、穏健的なものに変わっていった。
- In his thirties, however, the nature of his critical philosophical activities changed from one of fighting and criticism to a moderate one, for instance beginning to issue the Mezamashi-gusa (Eye-awakening grasses) magazine after the Sino-Japanese War and publishing joint reviews in it.
- 初期ライセンスビデオ時代、つまり1989年-1993年 (吹き替えVS字幕論争は1999年に吹き荒れた) からの古参ファンの多くは、字幕がいいという意見だった。
- Many of the early fans in the days of the first licensed videos, that is, 1989-1993 (indeed, dub-versus-sub arguments continued through 1999), felt that videos should be subtitled.
- これをオリンピック担当大臣の河野一郎が「記録性に欠ける」と批判したことから、「『東京オリンピック』は記録映画か芸術作品か」という大論争を呼び起こすことになった。
- The criticism by Ichiro KONO, Minister of the Olympics saying 'It lacks in recording performance' caused big controversy 'whether 'Tokyo Olympic' is a record film or an art.'
- ソメイヨシノは、街中では他種より目にする機会が圧倒的に多いことから、以前からその起源についてと共に、可否好悪についても、愛桜家の間で論争の絶えなかった品種である。
- Because Someiyoshino is much more likely to be seen along the streets than other types, disputes between enthusiasts have occurred continuously from the past in regard to its origin as to whether it's right or wrong, as well as in regard to people's likes and dislikes.
- 現在、護国神社はどちらかと言えば各地でひっそりと地味に存在している神社であり、靖國神社程には人々の関心が向けられることや政治論争に巻き込まれることが比較的少ない。
- Currently, Gokoku-jinja Shrines are shrines standing rather quietly and locally, in which people are less interested in than Yasukuni-jinja Shrine and which are not often involved in political contention.
- あなたは何ゆえ、わたしによこしまを見せ、何ゆえ、わたしに災を見せられるのか。略奪と暴虐がわたしの前にあり、また論争があり、闘争も起っている。 (ハバクク書 1:3)
- Why do you show me iniquity, and look at perversity? For destruction and violence are before me. There is strife, and contention rises up. (Habakkuk 1:3)
- 帰国後は征韓論論争において、西郷隆盛を大使として朝鮮に派遣する案に反対して辞意を表明し、その後西郷の派遣を無期延期させた(その結果、西郷は参議・近衛都督を辞職した)。
- After returning to Japan, over the Seikan-ron (debate over conquering Korea), he opposed the idea of dispatching Takamori SAIGO to Korea as an ambassador and then postponed the dispatch indefinitely (as a result, Takamori resigned as Sangi (Royal Advisor) and Konoe-totoku (Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Guard)).
- ここで恩賞が授けられるは、義朝は一族全員を敵にまわしてまで天皇にしたがったのに、あまりにも報いるところがすくないことに再考を求め、信西と論争の挙句にこれを認めさせる。
- Although he receives a reward, he feels that it's too little because he has turned his all relatives into enemies and sided with the Emperor, so he argues with Shinzei to make him reconsider it and succeeds in persuading him.
- なお、論争の過程で、三像の成立は早くとも藤原隆信の死(1205年)以降であることが明らかとなっており、隆信を三像作者とする説は、通説・新説いずれからも既に否定された。
- In the process of controversy, it was confirmed that the portraits were drawn at least after the death of FUJIWARA no Takanobu in 1205, and a theory which defines Takanobu as the producer of these three portraits had already been denied both in the popular theory and the new theory.
- 本分家関係が曖昧で不明確なために未提出であった場合や、本宗家の家格が低下した後、分家・別家に宗主権が遷移した場合、庶長子や養嗣子が廃嫡され別家した場合などで論争となった。
- Disputes between the head and branch families often occurred in the following cases: the head family registration was not submitted because the head-and-branch relationship was not clear; suzerainty was transferred to a branch family after the head family had lost its social standing; or a branch family was established because the eldest child born out of wedlock or the adopted heir was disinherited.
- 先に顕彰記事に関して紹介した「守護・地頭」設置に関わる学会での論争が、『中世法制史料集』編纂より後に起こったものであることを考えれば、佐藤進一らが慎重になったのも頷ける。
- It is agreeable that Shinichi SATO and others were so careful, considering the dispute that arose after the compilation of 'A Collection of Historical Materials on the Medieval Legal System' in the conference concerning the establishment of 'Shugo and Jito,' which was introduced in the article on 'intended praises' above.
- 設計にかかわる技術的な論争こそが、一見すると血を見るような争いにいたる一番の原因になりそうだと思うかもしれないけれど、でもこれは深刻なもめごとの原因にはめったにならない。
- While technical arguments over design might seem the most obvious risk for internecine conflict, they are seldom a serious cause of strife.
- 第二次世界大戦後、皇国史観が否定されると児島高徳の知名度も著しく低下する事となり、これと同時に実在否定説が主張されることもなくなり、事実上この論争は終息したと言ってよい。
- After World War II, Takanori KOJIMA rapidly became less popular due to the disapproval of the Kokoku Shikan (emperor-centered historiography), and consequently, disputes came to the end virtually as people no longer talked about this theory.
- 論争の歴史を天竺や中国の仏教史まで遡って述べたもので、『法華秀句』の書名は、智顗による天台三大部の『法華文句』を意識したものと思われ、最澄の論争決着への決意が現れている。
- The history of the dispute was explained tracing back to the Buddhist history in Tenjiku (India) and China and the name of book 'Hokke-shuku' is said to have been aware of 'Hokke Mongu' of Tendai-sandai-bu by Zhi-yi and there Saicho's resolution to finish the dispute appeared.
- 清風入滅の後、講の運営に対する僧侶の関与や現世利益の強調・本門法華宗との関係のあり方など多くの論争を生み、その中から大日本獅子吼会や日蓮主義佛立講などの分派を生んでいった。
- After the death of Seifu there were many debates concerning the interference by monks due to the management of Ko and Genseriyaku, and this gave birth to branch schools such as Dainihon Shishikukai and Nichiren shugi (doctrine) Butsuryu-ko.
- - 浄土真宗という呼称の使用については江戸時代より長らく浄土宗との間で論争が続いていたが、明如の代になった1873年(明治5年)3月、太政官公布をもって浄土真宗を公称した。
- Although there had been a dispute the usage of the name of the Jodo Shinshu Sect with Jodo (Pure Land) Sect for a long time since the Edo period, in March 1872 in the era of Myonyo, the sect came to able to use the name of the Jodo Shinshu Sect officially by Promulgation of Dajokan (Grand Council).
- 南北朝正閏論(なんぼくちょうせいじゅんろん)とは日本の南北朝時代 (日本)において南北のどちらが正統とするかの論争(閏はうるうと同じで「正統ではないが偽物ではない」の意)。
- The Nanbokucho-Seijun-ron is a debate on which of the Imperial Courts, Southern or Northern, was the legitimate dynasty during the Nanbokucho period in Japan ('jun' is the same as 'uruu' and means 'not legitimate but also not fake').
- 武徳会は全国に普及、徹底させようとするも、この「中間的妥協案」には弓道界から賛否続出、雑誌・新聞紙上で大論争が展開され、ついには「鵺(ぬえ)的射法」と揶揄されるまでに至る。
- Butoku Kai tried to spread and enforce it nationwide, but this 'intermediate compromise' raised many opinions pro and con from the Kyudo world, and a major debate emerged in magazines and newspapers, eventually mocking it a 'Nue-mato shaho (slippery art of shooting an arrow).'
- でも、賢者の間で論争の種となっている問題に関して、決定的な判断に到達したり、あるいは通俗哲学以上に確実な何らかの哲学原理を見つけだそうと手をつけるまでには、9年が経過した。
- These nine years passed away, however, before I had come to any determinate judgment respecting the difficulties which form matter of dispute among the learned, or had commenced to seek the principles of any philosophy more certain than the vulgar.
- ある意見が論争するたびに論破できないという理由で、その意見が真であると推定することと、ある意見を論破させない目的でそれが真だと決めつけることの間には、大きな違いがあります。
- There is the greatest difference between presuming an opinion to be true, because, with every opportunity for contesting it, it has not been refuted, and assuming its truth for the purpose of not permitting its refutation.
- その後、平安京遷都時に藤原小黒麻呂を長官とする造宮職が復活したが、延暦24年(805年)の藤原緒嗣と菅野真道による「徳政論争」によって平安京造営が中止された際に廃止された。
- After that, Zogusho revived with FUJIWARA no Oguromaro appointed the head when the removal of capital to Heiankyo took place; however, it was abolished when 'Tokusei dispute' broke out between FUJIWARA no Otsugu and SUGANO no Mamichi in 805 and the construction of Heiankyo was canceled.
- 良源の弟子である源信 (僧侶)(恵心僧都。942年 - 1017年)は、天竺以来の三一論争をまとめ、一乗真実を説いた『一乗要決』を著して日本における三一権実論争は終息した。
- Ryogen's disciple Genshin (Priest) (also known as Eshin Sozu, 942 – 1017) summarized Sanichigonjitsu no soron from Tenjiku and wrote 'Ichijo-yoketsu' (Essentials of the One-Vehicle Teaching) which discussed the absolute doctrine that only one teaching, the Lotus Sutra, can lead to enlightenment and Sanichigonjitsu no soron in Japan ended.
- 永平寺はしばらく無住状態になったと思われるが、正和3年(1314年)10月に義演が入寂し義雲が後任になると、永平寺の世代(歴代住職)に義介を数えるか否かで再び論争が起こった。
- It is believed that there was no chief priest in Eihei-ji Temple for a while, but when Gien died and Giun succeeded the position in November or December of 1314, a dispute arose as to whether Gikai should be counted as one of the successive chief priests of Eihei-ji Temple.
- 最澄が論争相手とした徳一自身は、若年から東国に拠点を移して活動していた地方僧であったものの、彼が所属する法相宗自体は、当時の仏教界においては主流である南都六宗の中心であった。
- Tokuitsu himself, who was the opponent of Saicho in the dispute, was a local Buddhist priest who moved to Togoku from youth and was active around there, but the Hosso sect of Buddhism which Tokuitsu belonged to was the center of Nanto rokushu which was the mainstream in the Buddhist world in those days.
- 歴史学界では、1950年代の壬申の乱計画・非計画論争を経て、大海人皇子が駅鈴を求めたのは高坂王の反応をうかがい、あわよくば自らの移動に役立てるためであったとする説が定着した。
- In history societies, a theory that Prince Oama called for ekirei in order to look for Takasaka no Okimi's reaction and use him to help their transportation if possible, became established after an argument over the Jinshin war was planned or unplanned in 1950's.
- 真淵の死後の明和8年(1771年)に、本居宣長が『直毘霊』で真淵の学説を紹介する際、より激しく「漢意」を排斥したことにより儒家を刺激し、『国意考』そのものが論争の的になった。
- When in 1771, after the death of Mabuchi, Norinaga MOTOORI introduced Mabuchi's theory in 'Naobi no Mitama' (The Rectifying Spirit), he rejected 'karagokoro' (Chinese-mindedness) even more strongly; thus 'Kokuiko' itself became the target of a debate.
- 論争に貢献する(あるいは他の人々の立場を理解する)本質的な第一歩というのは、彼らの重要用語(この論争ではたいていひどく不正確だ)で彼らが何を意味しているか明確に理解することだ。
- The first essential step in framing any contribution to the debate (or in understanding other people's positions) is to understand clearly what they mean by the key terms (imprecision is often rampant here).
- 夫・与謝野鉄幹と平出修の直談判により、桂月は「詩歌も状況によっては国家社会に服すべし」とする立場は変えなかったものの、晶子に対する「乱臣賊子云々」の語は取り下げ、論争は収束する。
- By negotiating with Akiko's husband Tekkan YOSANO and Shu HIRAIDE in person, Keigetsu, while he never changed his position that poetry should obey the nation and society in a particular situation, agreed to withdraw his criticism against Akiko calling her 'a traitor, betrayer, etc.,' and thus the dispute was settled.
- その後、縄文時代と弥生時代の差を何に求めるべきかという本質的な論争が研究者の間で展開され、集落の形態や墓の形態、水田の有無、土器・石器など物質文化の変化など様々な指標が提案された。
- After that, the essential subject of the difference between the Jomon and Yayoi periods, was argued between researchers and various indicators were proposed, including forms of settlement, forms of graves, presence or absence of paddy fields and changes in artifacts such as earthenware and stoneware.
- また、日本国の正史である『古事記』や『日本書紀』に、邪馬台国や卑弥呼の実像を明確にするには記述が不十分であることなどから、その場所や大和朝廷との関係について長期的な論争が続いている。
- Also, because there are not enough descriptions in the official history books of Japan, 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) and 'Chronicles of Japan,' in order to discern the reality of Yamatai and Himiko, long-standing discussions about the location and the relationship with the Yamato Dynasty continue.
- もともとは学者間の論争であったが、1967年に発表された宮崎康平の『まぼろしの邪馬台国』(講談社)という書籍によって邪馬台国論争は「邪馬台国ブーム」となり、日本人一般にまで波及した。
- Although the controversies were originally among scholars, the Yamatai controversy became a 'Yamataikoku boom,' triggered by a book called 'Yamatai: the Phantom Kingdom' (Kodansha), by Kohei MIYAZAKI, published in 1967: the controversies now spread to the general Japanese population.
- 京都府の椿井大塚山古墳および奈良県の黒塚古墳から大量に出土した三角縁神獣鏡のいずれかがこれに該当するものではないかと言われているが、古くから論争が繰り広げられており、結論は出ていない。
- A great deal of Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirrors (a round mirror with raised edge and relief engraving of animals and gods) excavated from either of Tsubaiotsukayama Tumulus in Kyoto Prefecture and Kurozuka Tumulus in Nara Prefecture are believed to be the one which determines the location of Yamataikoku Kingdom, and this has long been controversial but no conclusion has been reached.
- 大村を支持する木戸も論争に加わり彼を援護したが、23日、大久保の主張に沿った形で、京都駐留の三藩兵が「御召」 として東下することが決定され、この問題については大久保派の勝利に終わった。
- On this issue, Omura was supported by Kido but, on June 23, Okubo came out victorious when it was decided that the three domain's armies were to be hired by the government and moved to Tokyo.
- これに対し、物部尾輿・中臣鎌子らは「我が国の王の天下のもとには、天地に180の神がいます。今改めて蕃神を拝せば、国神たちの怒りをかう恐れがあります」と反対したという(崇仏・廃仏論争)。
- On the contrary, MONONOBE no Okoshi, NAKATOMI no Kamako, and others were said to oppose this as 'There are 180 gods in the world of this county under the king. If we worship Adashinokuninokami, we might suffer from the anger of this country's gods' (The dispute on the worship or the exclusion of Buddha).
- 藤原公任の撰という『拾遺抄』との命名の相似性を考え、それをベースに編まれたと思われる(両者の先後関係については、古来論争が続いて来たが、近代になって拾遺抄から拾遺集へとの説が固着した)。
- It is thought to have been compiled based on 'Shui sho' selected by FUJIWARA no Kinto, considering the similarity with the name (the issue of which one was the earlier was controversial for a long time, but in modern days the theory that 'Shui sho' was the earlier has been established).
- そこから盛んな論争が巻き起こり、現在では広元の献策「権門勢家の庄公を論ぜず、兵粮米(段別五升)を宛て課す」は、「諸国平均」ではなく「五畿・山陰・山陽・南海・西海諸国」であるとされている。
- That started a feverish controversy, and now it is regarded that Hiromoto's proposed policy; 'imposing tax on rice (five-sho per tan) regardless of private estate or public estate' was not for 'all the provinces,' but for 'Goki (Yamato, Yamashiro, Settsu, Kochi and Izumi Provinces), the Sanin (mountain provinces behind the Sanyo or Inland Sea provinces), the Sanyo (Inland Sea provinces), the Nankai (southern provinces), and the Saikai (provinces on the western seacoast).'
- 正徳5年(1715年)には藩主綱條により書名が裁定され、水館の主張する『皇朝新史』と江館の『大日本史』の間で論争があり後者に決定し、同年の光圀忌日には清書本(正徳本)が光圀廟に供えられた。
- Tsunaeda, the family head, chose 'Dai Nihonshi' by staff in Edo over 'Kochoshinshi' by those in Mito as the title in 1715 and offered the book in front of the grave of Mitsukuni on the anniversary of Mitsukuni's death during the year.
- 結果から言えば「妻妾論論争」は、夫婦間の私的な空間における男女平等については積極的な問題提起をしたが、公的な空間における政治的・社会的な男女同権については消極的姿勢に甘んじたと言って良い。
- As a result, it can be said that 'a dispute on wives and concubines' raised questions about the equal between men and women at a private space between husband and wife, but that it was passive against the equal of political and social rights between men and women.
- 当初古田が権威あるとされる研究誌での公表を行っていた頃には評価とあわせ批判をしていたものの、現在では主要な百科事典や邪馬台国論争史を著述した研究書においても記載されることなく無視されている。
- While FURUTA's publication in authoritative journals were studied and criticized before, today, it was never publicized in major encyclopedias or in research books describing the Yamatai-koku kingdom history dispute and was neglected.
- 朝廷内部では返事を出すかどうかで論争されたが、幕府が返事を出す事に反対した事、朝廷内でも「元の要求に屈するべきではない」という強硬論が強かった事から、朝廷・幕府ともに国書を黙殺する事になった。
- Although there was an argument in the Imperial Court over whether or not to reply, bakufu opposed replying, and the majority of the Imperial Court also had a strong attitude, insisting, 'we should not yield to the demand of the Yuan Dynasty,' and thus, both the Imperial Court and bakufu decided to ignore the letter.
- 最澄が『守護国界章』で徳一を「麁食者」「北轅者」と呼んだのはこれに呼応するものであり、互いに自宗派の存在意義をかけた真剣な論争であったがゆえに、ともに中傷めいた表現までもが用いられたともいえる。
- In response to this, Saicho called Tokuitsu 'sojikisha' and 'hokuensha' in 'Shugo-kokkai-sho' and it was a serious dispute which called into question their raison d'etre as a religious sect, resulting in a smear campaign by both sides.
- 明治33年に九州所在の神籠石を踏査した八木奬三郎が「城郭を除いては、他にこの類の大工事なかるべし」として城郭であることを主張して以後、この神籠石の性格について霊域説と城郭説との論争が展開された。
- In 1900 Sozaburo YAGI explored the kogo-ishi located in the Kyushu region and insisted that, 'these kinds of large constructions only appear as part of castles' and after that, the dispute between the sacred-place theory and the castle theory began.
- しかし、限りなく複雑な問題、道徳や宗教、政治、社会関係、生活の営みなどに目を転じると、どんな論争中の意見でもその賛成論の四分の三は、その意見とは異なる意見を支持する状況を一掃することにあります。
- But when we turn to subjects infinitely more complicated, to morals, religion, politics, social relations, and the business of life, three-fourths of the arguments for every disputed opinion consist in dispelling the appearances which favour some opinion different from it.
- 平安時代初期には三礼学派・三伝学派という流れが成立して両者の間で論争が行われたが、平安時代中期以降は明経道そのものが儒教の専門家養成コースのような性格を持つようになって学術論争が沈滞していった。
- During the early Heian period, Myogyodo separated into the two schools called 'Sanraigaku' and 'Sandengaku' and debates took place between them; the arguments stagnated after the middle of the Heian period, however, once Myogyodo itself came to have the characteristics of a training course for becoming a professional on Confucianism.
- また、天台教学に対しては「仏性抄」を皮切りに批判を加え、弘仁8年(817年)年頃から最澄との間で一大仏教論争である三一権実諍論(さんいちごんじつそうろん。または「三乗一乗権実論争」)を展開した。
- Tokuitsu criticized the Tendai doctrine, beginning with criticisms against 'Bushosho' (excerpt of Buddha nature), and had one of the major Buddhist disputes with Saicho from around 817, called Sanichigonjitsu soron (or 'Sanjo ichijo gonjitsu ronso').
- かねてより日本の近代化そのものに否定的な考えを持っていることで知られた元田に警戒感を抱いていた伊藤は、ただちに「教育議」を執筆して元田の主張こそ現実離れの空論であると噛み付き、両者は激しく論争した。
- For a long time, Ito had been wary of Motoda who was known for his adverse opinion towards the modernization of Japan, and Ito immediately wrote 'Kyoikugi' (Proposition on Education) protesting vehemently that Motoda's view is the unrealistic theory; and thus they fiercely confronted each other.
- こうした論争においては、National Security Agency (NSA)と Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI)の見解と経験がきわめて重視されてきた。
- Great deference has been paid to the perspective and experience of the National Security Agency and Federal Bureau of Investigation in these debates.
- 民法典論争(みんぽうてんろんそう)とは、1889年(明治22年)から1892年(明治25年)の日本において、旧民法(明治23年法律第28号、第98号)の施行を延期するか断行するかを巡り展開された論争。
- Minpoten Ronso (disputes over the legal code provided for basic stipulation related to Civil Code) was the disputes whether to postpone or carry out the effectuation of the Old Civil Code (Act No.28, No.29 of 1890) in Japan from 1889 to 1892).
- 今日の多く個人主義の日に発達し、ニヒリストさへ輩出する時代に於ては特に緊要重大にして欠くべからず」という論が出され、これを機に南北朝のどちらの皇統が正統であるかを巡り帝国議会での政治論争にまで発展した。
- In these days of individualism, where even nihilists are appearing, this is a matter of great urgency and importance,' which led to a political debate in the Imperial Diet about whether the Southern or the Northern Court was legitimate.
- これは「夫に妻は身を持って尽くす義務がある」と言う思想(五倫関係の維持)を強調し続けた結果、と現在ではみなされており、儒教を男女同権思想と見るか男尊女卑思想と見るかの論争も度々行われるようになっている。
- This is seen today as a result of continuous emphasis on the thought that 'wives have the obligation to devote themselves to their husbands' (maintenance of the five human relations arranged in order), and it is frequently debated whether Ju-kyo should be considered a thought of equal rights for men and women or a thought of predominance of men over women.
- なお「養殖」と「洋食」をかけた地口(「このウナギはようしょくか?」で論争になる、といった小噺の類)なども、養殖ウナギが日本の食卓に普及するようになった時期に現われたものであり、時代を映していると言える。
- A word play which uses the pun of 'yoshoku' (farm raising) and 'yoshoku' (western-style food) (a type of comic anecdote in which a dispute starts with 'is this eel yoshoku?') appeared during the period in which farm raised eels became more common on the tables in Japan, reflecting the era.
- これには国家が利益追求を行って庶民から財を貪るものだとして儒学者から反対の声が上がり、次の昭帝 (漢)の代にはこの政策の賛否を巡る論争会が開かれた(この論争を纏めたのが『塩鉄論』であると言われている)。
- Confucian scholars protested agasint this policy, saying that the nation was pursuing profits and depriving the property of the common people, so the next Emperor Zhao (Han) held a debate to discuss the pros and cons of this policy (it is said that this debate was summarized into 'Discourses on Salt and Iron').
- 日隆 (法華宗本門流)は妙顕寺(京都府)日霽を師として修学したが、法華経について論争があり、日隆 (法華宗本門流)は「八品正意論」を提唱し、妙顕寺(京都府)を出て本能寺(京都府)を建立し、日隆門流を興す。
- Nichiryu (Hokke Sect of Honmon School founder) studied under Nissai of Myoken-ji Temple (Kyoto Prefecture) but had a dispute regarding Hokke-kyo (the Lotus Sutra), which caused him to advocate 'Happon Shoi ron' (theory that eight chapters of Hokke-kyo (Lotus Sutra) are the true teachings of Nichiren), leave Myoken-ji Temple and establish Honno-ji Temple (Kyoto Prefecture) where he founded the Nichiryumon School.
- 日真 (法華宗真門流)は妙顕寺(京都府)日具を師として修学したが、法華経について論争があり、日真 (法華宗真門流)は「寿量品正意論」を提唱し、妙顕寺(京都府)を出て本隆寺(京都府)を建立し、日真門流を興す。
- Nichishin (Hokke sect Shinmon school) had studied under Nichigu at Myoken-ji Temple (Kyoto Prefecture) but, with a controversy over the Lotus Sutra, Nichishin, pronouncing 寿量品正意論, left Myoken-ji Temple to build Honryu-ji Temple (Kyoto Prefecture) whereby founding the Nichishin school.
- 1881年の国家神道神道事務局 祭神論争における明治天皇の裁決によって伊勢神道が勝利し、天照大神が最高の神格を得たが、敗北した出雲神道的なものが未だに強く残っていたり、氏神信仰などの地域性の強いものも多い。
- Ise-jingu Shrine won a case related to 国家神道神道事務局 祭神論争 based on Emperor Meiji's judgment in 1881and Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess) was given the highest divinity, but there remain beliefs taking on the character of Izumo Shinto, which was a loser of the case, and also many beliefs taking on local aspects, such as Ujigami belief.
- ただし、徳一と最澄の論争は三乗と一乗の争いのみに留まらず、教相判釈(数ある経典の中で釈迦の考え方に最も近いものを問う)における法華経の正統性を問うたものでもあるから「法華権実論争」と呼ぶべきとの考えもある。
- However, the dispute between Tokuitsu and Saicho was not limited to the dispute between sanjo and ichijo and the authenticity of Hokekyo in Kyoso Hanjaku (evaluation of sutras, the idea which is the most similar to the one of Buddha in many Buddhist scriptures is questioned) was questioned and thus some say that it should be called 'Hokke gonjitsu no ronso' (dispute of Hokke gonjitsu).
- しかし、条約改正を目的としていたことや帝国議会開設前に編纂完了をしていたこと等の事情から十分な審議を尽くされなかったため、施行断行派と施行延期派との論争が始まり、延期派から様々な批判が展開されるようになった。
- However, sufficient discussions were not made because the Civil Code was aimed at revising treaties and had completed the compilation before the Imperial Diet was established; therefore, disputes between Seko-danko-ha Group (people who advocated carrying it out) and Seko-enki-ha Group (people who advocated postponing the enforcement) began and the latter developed various criticisms.
- 大日本帝国憲法では、天皇は統治権の総攬者とされていたのに対し、日本国憲法では日本国・日本国民統合の象徴とされ、かつ国民主権原理を採用したため、日本国憲法の制定により日本の国体が変わったか否かについて起きた論争。
- Since in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the Emperor was in a position to control the right to rule, but against that, in the Constitution of Japan, is a symbol of Japan and the unity of the Japanese people and has also adopted the principle of sovereignty with the people, disputes over whether or not the national structure of Japan changed by the establishment of the Constitution of Japan, broke out.
- 三職推任問題(さんしょくすいにんもんだい)とは、天正10年(1582年)4月25日 (旧暦)、5月4日 (旧暦)両日付けの勧修寺晴豊の日記『晴豊公記(天正十年夏記)』の記事の解釈を巡る日本の歴史上の論争である。
- Sanshoku suinin mondai is a controversy in relation to the interpretation of the articles in Haretoyo KAJUJI's diary 'Haretoyo-koki (summer in the 10th year of Tensho)' dated April 25 (old calendar) and May 4 (old calendar) of 1582.
- この一件は、危険を承知の上で毒性の高い肝を実に四人前も食らげた三津五郎がいけなかったのか、フグ調理師免許を持っているはずの板前の包丁捌きがいけなかったのかで、従前にはなかった大論争を引き起こしたことでも名高い。
- This incident caused a heated debate, over whether Mitsugoro was at fault for being fully aware of the danger yet consuming 4 servings of highly poisonous liver, or if the chef was at fault for making a mistake in cleaning the fish even though he was supposedly a licensed puffer fish chef.
- 政治家としての業績には乏しいが、父親譲りの学識を持ち(父の在世中に陣定の場で当代随一の碩学と称された父と論争してやり込めたという)、雅楽の歴史においては源博雅と並ぶ平安時代を代表する音楽家として名を残している。
- He contributed a little as a politician, but possessed academic knowledge gained his father (while his father was still alive, he was often absorbed in debate at Jin no sadame (Ancient Cabinet Council) with his father, who was said to be the great scholar of that time) and left his name in the history of gagaku (old Japanese court music) as a musician who represented the Heian era along with MINAMOTO no Hiromasa.
- 明治21年(1888年)には大日本帝国憲法審議のために設けられた枢密院 (日本)で憲法草案を議する枢密顧問官に任命され、中正派(天皇親政派)として立憲君主制確立のため君権を制限しようとする伊藤博文らと論争した。
- In 1888, he was appointed as Sumitsu komonkan (Privy Councilor) who would argue about the draft of the constitution in Sumitsu-in (Privy Council) founded to consider the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, and disputed as Chusei-ha (the sect aiming at the direct rule by the Emperor) against Hirobumi ITO and others who attempted to restrict the monarch's power in order to establish the constitutional monarchy.
- 天台宗では最澄の弟子が徳一の主張を最澄がことごとく論破したとして論争を打ち切ったとされる(ただし、華厳宗もこの論争に加わり、涅槃経の闡提成仏の義を根拠に法相宗の五性各別を否定し、最終的に一乗成仏を認めている)。
- In the Tendai sect, it is said that a disciple of Saicho cut off the argument claiming that Saicho outdebated Tokuitsu's theory (it is to note that the Kegon sect joined the controversy and denied the goshokakubetsu based on the doctrine of Sendaijobutsu in the Nehan-gyo Sutra [The Sutra of The Great Nirvana], and agreed to the Ichijo-jobutsu).
- だが、奏進された新暦に対して、算博士や宿曜師などが異議を申し立てて、暦博士と改暦論争が始まる場合があり、場合によっては年が明けてから改暦(この場合はその年の暦の修正・変更のこと)が行われることも珍しくはなかった。
- But sometimes San hakase and Sukuyoshi protested a new calendar presented to the emperor and engaged in a dispute over amending the calendar and it was not uncommon to see the calendar amended (the new year calendar modified or changed) after the New Year Day.
- 前年明治6年(1873年)10月に政府内で起きたいわゆる征韓論争に敗れた征韓派参議の西郷隆盛・江藤新平・板垣退助らが下野したことは、征韓論に期するところのあった不平士族らにとって、いっそうの不満を高めることとなった。
- The resignation of Seikan-ha (supporters of sending army to Korea) Sangi (councilors), including Takamori SAIGO, Shinpei ETO and Taisuke ITAGAI, who were defeated at the Seikan Ronsou (debate on subjugation of Korea) occured in October 1873, made fuhei shizoku (former samurai with gripes) even more frustrated since they looked forward to conquer Korea.
- 熱狂を煽るほど大きくて重要な問題を論争が避けるときは、人々の心はその根底から感動に震えることは決してないし、またごく普通の知性を持った人々をも思考する存在の尊厳を帯びたものへと高めるような刺激は決して与えられません。
- Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm, was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundations, and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.
- しかし、自分が気にかけるものには、それがなんであれ、不寛容になるのが人間の本性なので、宗教論争で平穏が乱されるのを嫌う宗教上の無関心が幅をきかせるところ以外では、宗教的寛容が実際上実現されたところはほとんどありません。
- Yet so natural to mankind is intolerance in whatever they really care about, that religious freedom has hardly anywhere been practically realized, except where religious indifference, which dislikes to have its peace disturbed by theological quarrels, has added its weight to the scale.
- しかしながら資料が曖昧であり、最古のレシピが本当に舞鶴で作られたものなのか他の鎮守府から伝わったレシピを書き写したものではないのかという論争が決着していないため、両市とも大岡裁き的に「舞鶴・呉の双方が発祥地」としている。
- However, as the data is unclear and the dispute is not yet settled if the oldest recipe was really written in Maizuru or copied from a recipe having been passed from another chinjufu, both cities have made a decision worthy of Solomon, saying 'both Maizuru and Kure are the birthplace.'
- これに対しては『国語学』誌上で平山久雄との間で「森博達氏の日本書紀α群原音依拠説について」「平山久雄氏に答え再び日本書紀α群原音依拠説を論証す」「森博達氏の日本書紀α群原音依拠説について、再論」という論争が行われている。
- In response to it, Hisao HIRAYAMA had discussions with him in a magazine 'Kokugogaku' (Studies in Japanese Linguistics) through a series of articles called 'Concerning Mr. Hiromichi Mori's Theory that Nihon Shoki α Group Was Written Based on Original Chinese Sounds,' 'In Response to Mr. Hisao Hirayama, Further Argument for the Theory that Nihon Shoki α Group Was Written Based on Original Chinese Sounds' and 'Discussing Again Concerning Mr. Hiromichi Mori's Theory that Nihon Shoki α Group Was Written Based on Original Chinese Sounds.'
- 「なぜなら、争うには二つのやり方がある。ひとつは論争によるのであり、もうひとつは戦闘によるものである。前者が人間を特徴づけ、後者は獣を特徴づけるものであって、前者をとることができないときにかぎり、後者を頼るしかないのだ。」
- 'Nam cum sint duo genera decertandi unum per disceptationem, alterum per vim; cumque illud proprium sit hominis, hoc beluarum; confugiendum est ad posterius, si uti non licet superiore.'
- 施行を翌年に控えた1892年(明治25年)、法典論争はピークに達し、施行延期派は天皇制に絡めて日本の伝統を基にした論陣をはり個人主義的な施行断行派を批判し、施行断行派はフランス法的自然法思想と市民法理論をもって反論を加えた。
- In 1892, one year before the effectuation, the dispute over legal codes reached its peak: Seko-danko-ha Group, taking a firm stand on Japanese tradition related to the Emperor system, criticized individualistic Seko-enki-ha Group, while Seko-danko-ha Group put up an argument with the thought of French law-like natural law and the civil code theory.
- しかし、本門戒壇の大御本尊は日蓮大聖人の魂魄が宿るとされているため、放射線による科学的な鑑別などは行われたことがなく、二箇相承および三大秘法抄の原本も現在存在しないため、700年にわたる論争に未だ決着はついていないとされる。
- However, as it is said the Honmon Kaidan no Daigohonzon (the principle image of Nichiren Shoshu Sect) are dwelled the soul of Nichiren Daishonin, the scientific judgment of radiation was never being used, and the originals of the Nika Sojo or Sandaihiho-sho do not exist nowadays, there is no answer to the dispute which has been around for over seven hundred years.
- 今日、生物学者たちの仲間内ほど誠実なところはないのだが、生物学者のほとんどが説明のための基本的枠組としてダーウィン理論を承認しているけれど、たいていこの枠組内の特定の細部や問題点については、極めて熱心な論争を行っているんだ。
- Nowhere is that more true today than among biologists—almost all of whom accept Darwinian theory as the basic explanatory framework but who have often very fierce disputes about particular details and problems within that framework.
- 天明元年(1781年)に古学派の野村公台が『読国意考』を著したのに対し、国学者・海量が『読国意考にこたえるふみ』で反駁し、さらに文化 (元号)3年(1806年)に同じく国学者・橋本稲彦が『辯読国意考』でこの論争を一応締めくくる。
- When Kodai NOMURA of the Kogaku-ha (School of Ancient Learning) wrote 'Doku Kokuiko' (On Reading Kokuiko) in 1781, Kairyo, a scholar of Japanese classical literature, presented his counterargument in 'Doku Kokuiko ni kotaeru fumi' (Response to Doku Kokuiko); furthermore, in 1806, Inahiko HASHIMOTO, another scholar of Japanese classical literature, tentatively put an end to the debate with his 'Bendoku Kokuiko' (Thoughts on reading Kokuiko).
- 論争は、比叡山へ帰った後も続き、『法華去惑』(こわく)『守護国界章』『決権実論』『法華秀句』などを著したが、決着が付く前に最澄も徳一も死んでしまったので、最澄の弟子たちが徳一の主張はことごとく論破したと宣言して論争を打ち切った。
- The debate continued even after he returned to Mt. Hiei-zan and he authored 'Hokkekowaku,' 'Shugo-kokkai-sho' (An Essay on the Protection of the Nation), 'Ketsu-gonjitsu-ron' and 'Hokke Shuku' (The Outstanding Principles of the Lotus Sutra), but since both Saicho and Tokuitsu died before the debate ended, Saicho's disciples ended the debate by announcing that Tokuitsu's assertions were entirely outdebated.
- 貴族院 (日本)議員田村保によって民法商法施行延期法案が貴族院に出され、断行派議員と延期派議員との間でも激しい論戦が繰り広げられたが、同案は圧倒的多数で貴族院を通過、衆議院でも賛成多数で可決するに至りここに民法典論争は決着をみた。
- A bill of postponing the effectuation of the Civil Code and the Commercial Code were submitted by Tamotsu TAMURA, a member of the House of Peers, which caused heated arguments as to whether to carry it out or postpone it, but the bill passed the House of Peers by an overwhelming majority and the House of Representatives by a majority: Finally the Minpoten Ronso saw its settlement.
- 中心となる論争そのものは、ダーウィンの進化説と聖書の創造説のどちらが正しいかの衝突、つまりは、真理を認識するために設定した基準によっかかった、これからもずっと答えることのできないような問題だって、しょっちゅう誤って伝えられている。
- The central debate itself is frequently misrepresented as a conflict about whether Darwin's account of evolution or the Biblical account of creation is true—a question which is impossible to answer once and for all, depending, as it does, on the criteria we establish for recognizing truth.
- 一向宗宗名論争(浄土真宗が公式に否認している「一向宗」を宗派名として強要しようとした問題)を機に浄土真宗内部からも政府への反発が高まってきたこともあり、教部省の施策が暗礁に乗り上げると政教分離の観点から脱退するといった動きを見せた。
- However, triggered by the dispute over naming of the Ikko sect (the issue that government attempted to enforce the name of 'Ikko' as an official name on the Jodo Shinshu sect even though the sect had officially rejected it), the repugnance against the government grew within the Jodo Shinshu sect, and the Jodo Shinshu sect withdrew from Kyobusho after the policy of Kyobusho reached a deadlock on the basis of the separation of religion and politics.
- ただし、しばしば喧伝されている「世界最古の長篇小説」という評価は、中村真一郎の説のアプレイウスの『黄金の驢馬』やペトロニウスの『サチュリコン』につづく「古代世界最後の(そして最高の)長篇小説」とする主張もあり、学者の間でも論争がある。
- However, the evaluation of 'the oldest novel in the world,' for which it has generally been considered, is questioned by Shinichiro NAKAMURA, whose opinion is that 'it is the last (and best) novel in the ancient world, following 'The Golden Ass' by Apuleius and 'Satyricon' by Petronius,' but scholars continue to dispute the topic.
- また、建築史学者と歴史家の間に法隆寺の建設年代に関する論争(法隆寺再建・非再建論争)が起こったが、現存する建物の様式論や、六国史などの文献研究はもとより、遺構調査など考古学の発掘成果も取り入れられるようになって、学問の深化が見られた。
- Historians and scholars of architectural history were in dispute about the year of construction of Horyu-ji Temple (and whether or not the temple had been rebuilt), which led to a more in-depth study of Japan's architectural history using methods such as archaeological excavation and surveying remnants of ancient structures, examining the styles of existing buildings and studying literature such as Rikkokushi (Japan's six national histories).
- 明治政府の外交政策にとって、この是正は重要な課題のひとつとなるが、逆に一部の国粋主義者からは居留地の存在が外国の思想や宗教から日本の伝統・文化を守る防壁になっているという見地からの存続論も登場して複雑な論争を招くことになった(内地雑居)。
- While this change was an important policy issue for the Meiji government, complicated disputes arose among some nationalists as to whether the settlements acted as a bulwark protecting Japanese tradition and culture from foreign ideas and religion.
- 日本政府内では小村寿太郎、桂太郎、山縣有朋らの対露主戦派と、伊藤博文、井上馨ら戦争回避派との論争が続き、民間においても日露開戦を唱えた戸水寛人ら七博士の意見書(七博士建白事件)や、万朝報紙上での幸徳秋水の非戦論といった議論が発生していた。
- While debates continued within the Japanese government between factions including Jutaro KOMURA, Taro KATSURA, and Aritomo YAMAGATA and an anti-war faction including Hirobumi ITO and Kaoru INOUE, these discussions were mirrored in the public sphere by an pro-war petition circulated by seven professors (Seven Professor's Petition) including Hirondo TOMIZU and an anti-war argument and discussion by Shusui KOTUKU which was published in the Yorozuchoho (a daily newspaper).
- 従来日支間に警察事故の発生を見ること多く、不快なる論争を醸したることも少からざるに付、此際必要の地方に於ける警察を日支合同とし、又は此等地方に於ける支那警察官庁に多数の日本人を傭聘せしめ、以て一面支那警察機関の刷新確立を図るに資すること。
- In the face of many police disputes which have hitherto arisen between Japan and China, causing no little annoyance the police in localities (in China), where such arrangement: are necessary, to be placed under joint Japanese and Chinese administration, or Japanese to be employed in police office in such localities, so as to help at the same time the improvement of the Chinese Police Service;
- これに対し、妊娠・出産を国庫に補助させようとする平塚らいてうの唱える母性中心主義は、形を変えた新たな良妻賢母にすぎないと論評し、平塚らいてう、山田わからを相手に母性保護論争を挑んで「婦人は男子にも国家にも寄りかかるべきではない」と主張した。
- On the other hand, Raicho HIRATSUKA supported maternity-centrism and demanded that the National Treasury should cover all the costs of pregnancy and delivery; Akiko criticized, however, that maternity-centrism was merely an alternative approach of supporting the concept of a dutiful wife and devoted mother, and argued against Hiratsuka and Waka YAMADA about maternal care stating 'women should not depend on men or the nation.'
- ただし現在、本説は、井上光貞、榎一雄、山尾幸久を始めとする複数の東洋史・日本史学者等から批判されており、主要な百科事典や邪馬台国論争史を著述した研究書においては記載されずに無視されている説であることに留意する必要がある(説の歴史と問題点)。
- However, please note that the theory is currently criticized by several scholars in the oriental history and Japanese history including Mitsusada INOUE, Kazuo ENOKI, Yukihisa YAMAO, and is also not contained in major encyclopedias or study books that contain the disputed history of Yamatai-Koku kingdom (the history and debatable points of the theory).
- 南北朝時代 (日本)以降は、貢納品の独占販売権を取得し座と同様の活動を行ったが、その特権の源泉であった天皇家の権威喪失とともに聖性を失い、一部には大商人として成功する者が出た反面、被差別民の起源のひとつともなったとする部落の起源論争もある。
- Since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Kugonin had obtained the exclusive sales rights of the presents and conducted activities similar to those of Za, however, they lost their holiness with the loss of the dignity of the Imperial Family, which was the source of their privileges, some of them succeeded as large-scale merchants, and it is disputed that they were the origin of buraku one of the origins of the discriminated people.
- その時レビの子孫である祭司たちは、そこに進み出なければならない。彼らはあなたの神、主が自分に仕えさせ、また主の名によって祝福させるために選ばれた者で、すべての論争と、すべての暴行は彼らの言葉によって解決されるからである。 (申命記 21:5)
- The priests the sons of Levi shall come near; for them Yahweh your God has chosen to minister to him, and to bless in the name of Yahweh; and according to their word shall every controversy and every stroke be. (Deuteronomy 21:5)
- 屏風に描かれた景観年代を天文 (元号)16年(1547年、永徳5歳)のものと見なし「永徳筆ではない」とする説が発表されて論争を巻き起こしたこともあるが、絵画作品の景観年代と制作年代は必ずしも一致するものではなく、今日この説はほぼ否定されている。
- Once, a theory espousing that the landscape depicted on the screen was of 1547 (when Eitoku was 5 years old) and concluding that 'The painting is not a work of Eitoku' caused controversy, but this theory is mostly discredited today since the date of the landscape depicted and the date of creation do not always correspond with each other.
- 以来、唯授一人の血脈相承(ゆいじゅいちにん の けちみゃくそうじょう)が、日蓮正宗の正統性を主張し、また、時の法主による広宣流布指揮の絶対性、教義論争裁定・本尊書写・各種称号授与の専有性を保障するものとして、法主から次期法主へと伝えられている。
- Since then, the sole inheritor of Kechimyaku Sojo has asserted the legitimacy of Nichiren Shoshu sect, and this position has been passed from the incumbent Hossu (chief priest) to his successor; the position itself guarantees absolute authority in controlling propagation activities, as well as the exclusive power to adjudicate on disputes concerning doctrine, to give permission for depicting the principal icon of a temple, and to bestow various titles.
- さらにこうしたさまざまな対象を、ある程度むこうに押しやって、有識者たちの意見を採用したり反論したりせずに、それについての自分の判断をもっと自由に表明できるようにするため、わたしはここでみんなを論争するに任せて、次のようなことだけを考えることにした。
- Further, to enable me to cast this variety of subjects somewhat into the shade, and to express my judgment regarding them with greater freedom, without being necessitated to adopt or refute the opinions of the learned, I resolved to leave all the people here to their disputes, and to speak only of what would happen in a new world,
- 806年には桓武天皇の前で藤原緒嗣といわゆる「徳政論争」を行い、農民の負担軽減のために軍事・造作を停止すべきとの緒嗣の主張に強く反対するが、天皇は緒嗣の主張を採択し、計画中であった蝦夷征伐と平安宮造宮の中止、造宮職の廃止と木工寮への統合が決まった。
- In 806, he had so-called 'Tokusei ronso (argument over virtuous government)' with FUJIWARA no Otsugu in front of Emperor Kanmu, and although he strongly opposed Otsugu's insistence to cease the military affairs and construction in order to reduce farmers' burdens, the Emperor adopted Otsugu's insistence and canceled the punitive expedition to Ezo and construction of Heian-kyo Palace
- しかしそのような状況の中も教団内では、天和2(1682)年頃岡山を中心とした地域において、外見上他宗他派を装う内信者と純粋な不受不施信者を同一に並べてよいか、法立が内信者のために法中の代わりに観経の導師を勤めてよいかということについて、論争が起こった。
- In 1682, however, disputes arose inside the religious order in the Okayama region concerning whether naishin, who ostensibly pretended to be believers of other sects or schools, could be treated equally with pure believers of fujufuse as well as whether horyu could officiate, instead of hocchu, as doshi (Lead Chanter) in Kangyo sutra (The Sutra of Visualization of the Buddha of Measureless Life) for the sake of naishin.
- また、「太平記」にしか記載がないとされている南朝方の武将・児島高徳の実在性を巡って、これを否定する重野安繹と、より慎重な資料批判を求める川田甕江(甕江)との間で論争が起こった(重野=進歩的、川田=保守的という思想的対立に理由を求める見方には誤りがある)。
- Additionally, there was a dispute about the historicity of a warlord on the side of the Southern Court named Takanori KOJIMA, said to be described only in the 'Taiheiki,' between Yasutsugu SHIGENO, who denied it, and Oko KAWADA, who sought a more careful interpretation of the materials (it is erroneous to see this as rooted in ideological opposition, with Shigeno as progressive and Kawada as conservative).
- しかし一方では、最澄の教法に対する価値論に対し徳一は仏法理解の先天的素質論を述べており、両者の論争の焦点があまり噛み合っておらず、議論そのものも詳細というよりは瑣末的であり、時折相手側への罵倒に近い表現も見られる(後述)など、すれ違いの印象も与えている。
- However, on the other hand, Tokuitsu stated the theory of inherent disposition to understand Buddhist law against value theory for doctrine by Saicho, and the focus of the dispute on both sides was not in the right ballpark; as for the dispute itself, it was trivial rather than detailed and sometimes the expressions near to the abuse against the other were seen (as below) and gives an impression of not interlocking.
- 長年天皇に仕え、身分の低い学者から抜擢を受けた老齢の真道は天皇の意向を汲んで必死に反論をしたものの、ついに天皇は緒嗣の主張を受け入れてライフワークとも呼ぶべき事業である、蝦夷平定と平安京の建設の中止を宣言した。(「徳政論争」)、桓武天皇は翌年に崩御した。
- Masamichi who was old, had served the emperor for years, and had been exceptionally promoted from a rank of low-ranked scholar made the best effort to object to Otsugu considering the emperor's intention, however, the emperor finally accepted Otsugu's assertion, announced the discontinuation of the subjugation of Ezo and the construction of Heiankyo which should be the lifework of the emperor ('Tokusei Dispute') and died in the next year.
- メキシコ人が住みついたテキサスの土地に関する論争が高じて、1846年に米国はメキシコに宣戦布告をし、1848年の条約で、米国がテキサス、カリフォルニア、アリゾナ、ニューメキシコ、ネバダ、ユタ、およびコロラドの一部を取得し、メキシコに1500万ドルを支払った
- after disputes over Texas lands that were settled by Mexicans the United States declared war on Mexico in 1846 and by treaty in 1848 took Texas and California and Arizona and New Mexico and Nevada and Utah and part of Colorado and paid Mexico $15,000,000
- 近代には国家神道神道事務局 祭神論争という熾烈な教理闘争もあったが、結局は政府も神道に共通する教義体系の創造の不可能性と、近代国家が復古神道的な教説によって直接に民衆を統制することの不可能性を認識して、大日本帝国憲法でも信教の自由を認めせざるを得なかった。
- Although there was a heated theory war called State Shinto Shinto Office, Saishin Dispute (国家神道神道事務局 祭神論争) in the modern period, the government finally recognized that it was impossible to form a theory system/framework which was common to Shinto and that it was impossible to control the public directly based on a theory of Fukko shinto (returning to the ancient Shinto) and therefore, religious liberty was reluctantly allowed in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 通説では、国宝名称にあるように源頼朝・平重盛・藤原光能の肖像画とされ、12世紀末の似絵の名手藤原隆信の作とされていたが、1995年(平成7)に足利直義・足利尊氏・足利義詮の肖像画であるとする新説が発表され、以後、像主・成立時期などをめぐって論争が続いている。
- According to a popular theory, they are recognized as portraits of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, TAIRA no Shigemori, and FUJIWARA no Mitsuyoshi, and reported that they were drawn by the famous nise-e painter FUJIWARA no Takanobu, who lived at the end of 12th century; however, a new theory was announced in 1995 that they are the portraits of Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, Takauji ASHIKAGA, and Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA; the identification of the figures and the timing of drawing have been controversial since then.
- ところが、歴史研究家の立花京子が晴豊の日記全体の「被申候」使用例を分析した結果、村井貞勝の言葉と解釈し、独断専行を嫌う信長に無断で貞勝が発言するはずがないとし、信長の将軍任官の意向を踏まえたものであったと主張したことにより、歴史学者の間で賛否両論の論争となった。
- However, Kyoko TACHIBANA, a researcher of history, studied usages of '被申候'in other passages across Haretoyo's diary and concluded it was what Sadakatsu MURAI said, arguing that Sadakatsu would never say such a thing without Nobunaga's permission because Nobunaga disliked his followers' arbitrary decisions or executions, and that he represented Nobunaga's wish to gain the post, which led to controversies of pros and cons among historians.
- この大教宣布の不振、それに続く祭神論争によりその教学の未成熟さを実感した神道はその教学の深化に迫られ、1882年(明治15年)8月23日に、有栖川宮幟仁親王の令旨を奉じた山田顕義ら内務省 (日本)官僚と、松野勇雄ら数名の国文学者が「専ら国典を講究するため」として研究機関を設立した。
- Standing in need of reinforcing the Shinto teaching, which became clear through the stagnant Taikyo-senpu and the subsequent pantheon dispute, some bureaucrats of the Ministry of Home Affairs including Akiyoshi YAMADA and several scholars of Japanese literature such as Isao MATSUNO established a research institute 'purely for the purpose of an in-depth study of the national literature' in obedience to an order of His Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Takahito.
- 徳一と最澄の論争から150年を経た応和3年(963年)には、宮中清涼殿において法相宗の法蔵 (日本)(賢首大師。905年 - 969年)と天台宗の良源(元三大師。912年 - 985年)との間で、再び三一権実を問う諍論が行われ(「応和宗論」)、天台宗の記録においては良源が法蔵を論破したとしている。
- In 963, 150 years after the dispute between Tokuitsu and Saicho, Hozo (Japan) (Genju Daishi, 905 – 969) in Hosso sect of Buddhism and Ryogen (Gansan Daishi, 912 – 985) in Tendai sect again had a dispute on Sanichigonjitsu no soron ('Owa shuron debate') in Kyuchu Seiryo-den Emperor's residence and according to the record of Tendai sect, Ryogen outdebated Hozo.
- 一般的には、論理の明解さから新説を支持する意見が多いとされるが、美術史の立場からは、三像の画風が平安後期-鎌倉初期のものであり、様式から見て南北朝期のものとは言い難く、三像の成立を南北朝期まで下らせる積極的理由のないことが繰り返し強調されるなど、両者間の断絶は大きく、論争の終結はまだ見込まれていない。
- The new theory has been strongly supported generally for its clear logic; however, in terms of art history, they are taking a drawing style which is seen in the late Heian period to the early Kamakura period, that could not be a drawing in the period of Northern and Southern Courts, and it is repeatedly claimed that there is no positive evidence to consider that these three portraits were done in the period of Northern and Southern Courts; there has been a significant gap between these theories and the controversy has not yet been concluded.
- 結局のところ、崇仏・廃仏論争は仏教そのものの受容・拒否を争ったというよりは、仏教を公的な「国家祭祀」とするかどうかの意見の相違であったとする説や、仏教に対する意見の相違は表面的な問題に過ぎず、本質は朝廷内における蘇我氏と物部氏の勢力争いであったとする説も出ており、従来の通説に疑問が投げかけられている。
- As a result, there are some theories which suspect the conventional common theory; for example, a theory that the dispute on the worship or the exclusion of Buddha was not a conflict on the acceptance or rejection of Buddhism, but a difference on whether or not to define Buddhism as an official 'national religious service', and another that the difference of the opinion against Buddhism was only a superficial problem and it was actually a power struggle between the Soga clan and the Mononobe clan in the Imperial Court.
- さらに同誌は、「焼肉」と呼称するようになったのは1965年に日本国と大韓民国との間の基本関係に関する条約が結ばれ、韓国籍に移る者が増え、在日朝鮮人の主張した朝鮮料理屋と在日韓国人の主張した韓国料理屋との呼称論争を収拾する案としてプルコギを直訳した「焼肉」が用いられることとなったのだとの説を主張している。
- It goes on to state the theory that the dish became named 'yakiniku' when the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea signed in 1965 led to an increase in the number of people converting from the Joseon (old, undivided Korea) nationality to South Korean nationality increased, and the word 'yakiniku' became used as a direct translation of 'bulgogi' as a proposed resolution to a dispute regarding naming that occurred between Korean restaurants operated by Joseon Koreans and those operated by South Koreans.
- 上に述べた解答にいたる議論の概略を述べる過程で、いうなれば、なにか明晰さが確立され、そうすることで、結論に同意しない人たちが、この論文から、少なくとも、問題についても、それにこの問題についての論争がいつもきまりきって破壊工作を受けてしまうその筋道のいくつかについても、明確な理解を引き出して欲しいと期待している。
- In the process of outlining an argument for the above answer, this paper hopes to establish, as I say, some clarity, so that those who do not agree with the conclusions will at least take away from the paper a clearer understanding of the problem and of some of the ways in which debates on this issue are routinely sabotaged.
- 院政中には2回の元の対日侵攻(元寇)が起こり、自ら伊勢神宮で祈願するなど積極的な活動を行った(当時の治天・亀山上皇と天子・後宇多天皇の父子いずれかが「身を以って国難に代える祈願」を伊勢大神宮に奉ったことは史実のようだが、さて父子のどちらにその祈願を帰すべきかは、大正年間に学者の間で大論争を呼んでいまだ決着のつかない問題である)。
- During his reign the Mongolians invaded Japan (Genko, Mongolian Expeditions against Japan) twice, the Emperor acted eagerly to pray at Ise Jingu Shrine, etc. (During this period, both the Retired Emperor Kameyama and Emperor Gouda, father and son, prayed at Ise Jingu Shrine and were ready to sacrifice themselves to help the nation, however it is not clear who to appreciate for this, the Retired Emperor Kameyama or Emperor Gouda, and this was a big controversial theory between the scholars during the Taisho period and the issue still has not been concluded.)
- これは東西両京を結ぶ鉄道線を敷設するに当たって、東海道と中山道のいずれに通すかを巡って明治初期に論争があり、その結果中山道経由に一時は決定してその一部に該当する路線が開業したものの、後に碓氷峠を越える区間など山岳地域での工事の長期化・費用増、開業後の輸送量制限を考慮して、やはり東海道の方が優れているということになり、急遽岐阜(加納)以東のルートが東海道経由に変更されたことに起因している。
- Behind this lies a construction plan of the early Meiji period, and there were divided opinions over which route--Tokaido or Nakasen-do Street--would be preferable for construction. Initially the government accepted the route along Nakasen-do Street and started service in some sections, but later it realized that the route along the Tokaido was better, considering the earlier plan's higher estimated costs and longer construction period, as well as the restricted transportation in mountainous areas (particularly those across the Usui-toge), so ultimately the route was shifted east of Kano (Gifu Prefecture) to the route along the Tokaido.
- 論争において最澄は、しばしば非常に激烈な表現を用いて論敵を攻撃しており、たとえば『守護国界章』において最澄は、非難の対象である徳一のことを「麁食者(そじきしゃ。粗末な食べ方をする者、半可通のこと)」「謗法者(ほうぼうしゃ。賢しらに法を曲げる者)」「北轅者(ほくえんしゃ。南に行こうとして牛車・馬車の轅(ながえ)を北に向ける者。方角もわきまえぬ者)」などの蔑称で呼び、本名の徳一で呼ぶことは一切ない。
- In the dispute Saicho attacked the opponent by using fiery expressions and as an example in 'Shugo-kokkai-sho' Saicho called Tokuitsu who was the focus of criticism in a pejorative manner, 'sojikisha' (people who have a superficial knowledge and eat humbly), 'hobosha' (people who disparage the dharma), 'hokuensha' (people who turn the shafts of gissha (ox-drawn carriage) or horse-drawn buggy to the north even though they go to go to the south because he cannot understand the direction) and never called Tokuitsu by his real name.