読: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 季御読経
- Kinomidokyo (reading of the Great Perfection of Insight Sutra in spring and autumn)
- さばを読む
- to manipulate figures to one's advantage
- to count wrongly on purpose
- to inflate or deflate one's age
- cheat in counting
- 読みと字義
- The reading and meaning of Saeki
- 訓読と内容
- Kun reading and contents
- 皇子の読み
- Reading of the Princes' Names
- 則摘読之者。
- The readers of this book would not take it as true stories from the beginning.
- 代表的な読本
- Representative Works of Yomihon
- 推定銘文と読解
- Presumed inscription and interpretation
- 勧進帳読み上げ
- Reading out kanjincho
- 括弧内は訓読み。
- Kanji characters inside the brackets are for transcription.
- Within the parenthesis is pronounced in the way of Kun (the Japanese pronunciation of Chinese character).
- The words in parentheses are Chinese characters read in their Japanese pronunciation.
- タネの逆さ読み。
- Reading tane backwards.
- ろうあんとも読む。
- It is also called roan.
- 令読者心気洞越也。
- They are good for readers to feel empathy for.
- 子供向けの読み物。
- Reading material for children.
- 対象読者による分類
- Classification by target reader
- ほうとうとも読む。
- It is also called Hoto.
- 「ぶし」とも読む。
- It is also read 'bushi.'
- - うらぼんと読む。
- It is pronounced as Urabon.
- 錦絵版「仮名読新聞」
- Nishiki-e-version 'Kana-yomi Shinbun'
- 「こもんじょ」と読む。
- The term meaning 'ancient documents' is given the irregular pronunciation 'komonjo' in Japanese.
- - すすはらいと読む。
- It is pronounced as susuharai.
- 大導師作法と過去帳読誦
- Daidoshi saho (the ritual performed by Daidoshi in Shuni-e) and Dokuju (Chanting Sutras) of a family register of deaths.
- 「おうごう」とも読んだ。
- It was also read 'Ougo.'
- 先読経文(授業の受け方)
- Sendoku Kyomon (how to take classes)
- 読みは「あそみ」が古い。
- Reading it as 'Asomi' is older than the other.
- 読売ジャイアンツ外野手。
- He was an outfielder of the Yomiuri Giants.
- (公は「きみ」と読む。)
- 公 is pronounced as 'kimi'.
- 読み下し:離別一札の事。
- Reading in Japanese: Ribetsu issatsu no koto.
- 大乗方等経典を読誦する者
- The second kind refers to people who recite Mahayana Buddhism Hodo-kyo sutra.
- 落語は基本的に読み切り。
- Rakugo, in principle, is completed in one act.
- 「良」を「よし」と読む説
- The Theory That 'yoshi' Is The Right Pronunciation of The Letter 良
- 「良」を「なが」と読む説
- The theory that asserts 'naga' is the right pronunciation of the letter.
- ※●●の部分は読みが不明
- xx denotes illegible words.
- 旧仮名遣いでの読みは同じ。
- Reading in the old Japanese syllabary characters is the same.
- The reading of his name in old Japanese syllabary characters is the same.
- The reading is the same in the old Japanese syllabary characters.
- In the old Japanese kana syllabary, his name reads 'NURIBE no Tomose,' the same as in the modern kana syllabary.
- His name is pronounced the same way in old Japanese syllabary characters.
- His name is pronounced the same in the old Japanese kana syllabary.
- His name is read in the same way when it is written in the old Japanese kana syllabary.
- In the old Japanese syllabary characters, his name was pronounced in the same way.
- The reading in the old Japanese syllabary characters is the same.
- The reading of his name in the old Japanese syllabary characters is the same.
- The reading is the same in old Japanese syllabary characters.
- The reading of his surname is the same in the old Japanese kana syllabary.
- The reading of the characters is the same as in the old Japanese syllabary.
- The reading of his name (Ato) is the same in the old Japanese syllabary characters.
- The reading of his name is the same in the old Japanese syallabary characters.
- In old Japanese syllabary characters, his name had been written the same, and its pronunciation is considered to have been the same.
- In old Japanese syllabary characters, his name had been written the same and the pronunciation is considered to have been the same.
- In the old Japanese syllabary characters, his name had been written the same, and the pronunciation is considered to have been the same.
- In old Japanese syllabary characters, his name had been written the same, and its pronunciation is considered to have been the same too.
- His name is also read the same way when written with the the old kana orthography.
- 石川麻呂が上表文を読んだ。
- The Johyobun (memorial to the Emperor) were read by ISHIKAWA no Maro.
- 読み下し:離別一札のこと。
- Reading in Japanese: Ribetsu issatsu no koto
- 読み方は「なかひと」とも。
- His name was also pronounced 'Nakahito.'
- 読み方は「さるがう」とも。
- Sarugaku's other pronunciation is 'Sarugau.'
- 詩の解読は7句にとどまる。
- The interpreted poems are only seven of them.
- されどわれら住職読者投稿。
- 'We are Chief Priests' are contributed articles from readers.
- 皇太子は読書始に着用した。
- A crown prince put on the Kikujin no ho at Odokusho hajime (the first reading performed when the son of a high-ranking family reached to the age of seven or eight).
- 「玉」という漢字の音読み。
- This term originated from the pronunciation of the Chinese character of '玉' in the on-yomi style (Chinese reading).
- 「種」(たね)の逆さ読み。
- This term is the reverse reading of 'tane.'
- 漢文の読み方が恣意的である。
- The reading of kanbun (Sino-Japanese) is arbitrary.
- 『読史余論』は3巻から成る。
- 'Tokushi Yoron' is a work in three volumes.
- 歌合の場で歌を読み上げる役。
- A koji is a person who reads aloud poems at the uta-awase contests.
- 「だんせん」と音読みもする。
- 団扇' is also read 'dansen' in the pseudo-Chinese reading.
- 主に真言宗各派で読誦される。
- It is recited mainly in each school of the Shingon sect.
- 「おおちょうみかん」と読む。
- It is to read 'Ocho Mikan.'
- 「それを読み聞かせてくれ。」
- Read it aloud.'
- 倭京の倭は「やまと」と読む。
- The Chinese character of Wa of WaKyo can be read as 'Yamato.'
- 町の読み方はすべて「ちょう」。
- All of 町 (town) is pronounced as 'cho.'
- 古くは「りょりつ」とも読んだ。
- It was also read as 'Ryoritsu' in old times.
- らう屋、またはらお屋とも読む。
- It is pronounced 'rau-ya' or 'rao-ya' in Japanese.
- 名の読みはいずれも「やすこ」。
- The pronunciation of her name was 'Yasuko.'
- 読み手を選ぶ(ふつうは一人)。
- The players choose one yomi-te (player for reading the yomi-fuda).
- - 「黄砂」、読みは「こうさ」。
- 黄砂,' pronounced 'kosa.'
- 醍醐天皇の侍読(じとう)となる。
- He served as jidoku (also rendered 'jito'), or Imperial tutor, to Emperor Daigo.
- 鰻飯は「まんめし」とも読まれる。
- Unagimeshi is also called 'manmeshi.'
- 右から左のページへと読み進める。
- Read from the right page to the left page.
- また「ほっし」と読む場合もある。
- It is occasionally pronounced 'Hosshi' as well.
- 歌道の入門書として読み継がれた。
- For a long time, it had been read as a beginner's book of waka.
- 「おうさ」という読みは誤りである。
- The pronounce of 'osa' is wrong.
- 「以死」の訓読についても諸説ある。
- There are various theories on the kun reading of '以死.'
- - まといぶり、まといまいと読む。
- It is pronounced as matoiburi or matoimai.
- 代々天皇の侍読(家庭教師)を務める。
- The family served as the emperor's jidoku (Imperial tutor) (tutor) for generations.
- 名は定文とも書き、さだふんとも読む。
- His name was also sometimes written with another character for 'Sada' and pronounced either 'Sadafumi' or 'Sadafun.'
- 雑賀党ともいい、「さいが」とも読む。
- Saikashu is also known as Saikato, and 'Saika' can also be read 'Saiga.'
- 絵入りだが、内容も比較的読本に近い。
- There were pictures but the content was comparable with a book meant solely for reading.
- It had illustrations but was more similar to the Yomihon in its contents.
- - いちふじにたかさんなすびと読む。
- It is pronounced as 'ichi Fuji, ni taka, san nasubi.'
- 名のとなりのカギカッコ内は有職読み。
- Yusoku-yomi (a way of reading names expressing respect) are shown in parentheses next to each name below.
- 税金相談 読者からの税金相談に回答。
- 'Tax Consultation' answers inquiries about taxes from readers.
- 寛永20年の出版後は幅広く読まれた。
- The book was read widely after its publication in 1643.
- 法律相談 読者からの法律相談に回答。
- 'Legal aid services'answers legal questions from the readers.
- 1996年 読売演劇大賞最優秀男優賞
- 1996: Best Actor Prize of the Yomiuri Theatrical Grand Awards
- また神前で読経がなされるようになった。
- Moreover, sutra was chanted before Shinto altar.
- (歌詞と読みは国旗国歌法の表記による。
- (The words and reading are as per description in the Law Regarding the National Flag and Anthem.
- とのもりょう・とのもりづかさとも読む。
- 主殿寮 (Chinese characters of Shudenryo) was also read as Tonomoryo and Tonomorizukasa.
- 読み上げることを披講(ひこう)という。
- Reading aloud the poem at the uta-awase is called 'hiko.'
- 楊弓はようきゅうと読み、小弓とも言う。
- The term '楊弓' is pronounced Yokyu and also called a short bow.
- 「きか」が正しい読み方とよく言われる。
- It is often said that 'kika' is the correct pronunciation.
- 和訓では「かくれたるがあらわれ」と読む。
- The Japanese reading of onshu is 'kakuretaru ga araware' (literally, 'They were hiding, but they appeared').
- 家業は紀伝道で、代々天皇の侍読を務めた。
- The house business was 'Kidendo,' the study of the histories, and the family provided Imperial tutors for generations.
- Serving as historians was their family profession, and they served as Imperial tutors to the emperor for generations.
- 旧仮名遣いでの読みは「みののおほきみ」。
- In old Japanese syllabary characters, he is called 'Mino no Ohokimi'.
- 巻第十三 本朝付仏法(法華経読誦の功徳)
- Volume 13 Honcho, Buddhism (the merits of reciting the Lotus Sutra)
- (「読売新聞」夕刊2008年8月15日)
- (Evening edition of the Yomiuri Shinbun Newspaper dated August 15, 2008).
- 読み切り(1話だけで作品が完結するもの)
- One-shot comic (A work completes with just one episode.)
- 「鬼の腕は私が仁王経を読んで封印します」
- 'I will place a seal on the ogress' arm by chanting the Ninnogyo (Sutra of Benevolent Kings).'
- 「奉り」は、奉る(たてまつる)とも読み。
- The Japanese term 'matsuri' (奉り) is also pronounced as tatematsuru in Japanese.
- 読みにくい仮名は、【】で漢字を補足する。
- Added Chinese characters marking with '' for difficult kana to read.
- これを読み札を読むのに合わせて取り合う。
- And the players try to collect torifuda faster than others when the yomifuda is called.
- 2001年 第9回読売演劇大賞優秀男優賞
- 2001: The Ninth Best Actor Award Excellence Yomiuri Theater
- 「読み上げ」「山伏問答」における雄弁術。
- The oratory displayed in the Scene of 'Reading Kanjincho Aloud' and the Scene of 'Yamabushi Mondo.'
- 散らし取り同様に読まれた首の字札を取る。
- Like Chirashi-tori, the yomi-te reads the yomi-fuda and the players from the two groups take the matching tori-fuda.
- 「るいじゅうみょうぎしょう」の読みは誤り。
- It is sometimes called 'Ruiju-u myogisho,' which is incorrect.
- 「ま」と読む場合は部屋の意味にも使われる。
- It also means room when it is pronounced 'ma.'
- 他方、王陽明は素直に「民を親しむ」と読む。
- On the other hand, Wang Yangming simply read 'qinmin' as meaning 'to be affectionate to the people.'
- 旧仮名遣いでの読みは「わかさのおほきみ」。
- His name is read in the old Japanese syllabary characters as 'Wakasa no Ohokimi.'
- 旧仮名遣いでの読みは「やまべのおほきみ」。
- In old Japanese syllabary characters, his name is read 'YAMABE no Ohokimi.'
- 倭は「やまと」と読み、大和国のことである。
- 倭 is pronounced 'Yamato' and was Yamato Province.
- もともと「くろうど」が正しい読み方である。
- The original correct pronunciation is 'kurodo.'
- 草庵では仏名経を読み、懺悔の生活を送った。
- In the hermitage, he read a sutra Butsumyokyo and led a penitential life.
- この読経のことを棚経(たなぎょう)という。
- This reading of the sutras is called Tanagyo.
- 特記しない限り、読みは「まつかぜ」である。
- Unless otherwise noted, the pronunciation of '松風' is 'Matsukaze.'
- 「ふせつせいほうけいいちまいおり」と読む。
- It is called 'fusetsu seihokei ichimaiori' in Japanese.
- 一方で学問にも励み、独学で中国古典を読破。
- He also worked hard on academic studies, and read through Chinese classics all by himself.
- 書物の貸し借りや読み方にこだわりがあった。
- He was particular about the borrowing and lending of books as well as the manner of reading books.
- 忍海部女王は「おしぬみべのひめみこ」と読む)
- 忍海部女王 is read as 'Oshinumibe no himemiko.')
- 旧仮名遣いでの読みは「いしかはのおほきみ」。
- In old Japanese syllabary spelling, his name is called 'Ishikawa no Ohokimi.'
- 旧仮名遣いでの読みは「たけいへのおほきみ」。
- His name is read as 'Takeihe no Ohokimi' in old Japanese syllabary characters.
- (望と見は両方とも名読みで「み」と読める。)
- (Both last kanji characters in Takamochi (望) and Takami (見) can be read as 'mi' in Japanese reading.)
- 旧仮名遣いでの読みは「たかさかのおほきみ」。
- In old Japanese syllabary characters, he is called 'TAKASAKA no Ohokimi'.
- 藤原師輔が尊勝仏頂陀羅尼を読んで難を逃れた話
- A story where FUJIWARA no Morosuke escaped danger by chanting the Buddha Head spell.
- 「竹輪」以外に、魚偏に◎で「ちくわ」と読む。
- The Kanji characters for Chikuwa (竹輪) can also be written like 魚◎ (fish on the left with a ring on the right) and pronounce as chikuwa.
- つまり、武士しか出てこない読み物がありうる。
- In other words, some of the kodan reading materials feature no one except samurai.
- 禅宗では「はつす」あるいは「はっす」と読む。
- In the Zen Sect, it is pronounced 'Hatsusu' or 'Hassu.'
- 全ての読み札、取り札がなくなるまで繰り返す。
- The process above is repeated until all yomifuda and torifuda are gone.
- 大当たりして、今に至るまで読みつがれている。
- It was a great hit, and it still continues to be read to this day.
- いずれも「読んで楽しむ能の世界」からの重引。
- Following are excerpts from 'Yonde Tanoshimu No no Sekai' (The World of Noh: Explored Through Text).
- 旧仮名遣いでの読みは「さかのうへのおきな」。
- The reading of his name is expressed as 'さかのうへのおきな' in the old kana orthography.
- 旧仮名遣いでの読みは「さかのうへのくまけ」。
- He was also called 'Sakanouhe no Kumake,' according to old Japanese syllabary characters.
- 古くは「おはら」と読まれ、小原とも表記された。
- The name '大原' was pronounced 'O-ha-ra' in ancient times and was also written as 小原.
- それは広範な読者層を想定させるに十分であろう。
- This was enough to imagine wide readership.
- 無知の僧(お経もろくに読めない坊主のはなし))
- An ignorant monk (a story of a monk who can't read a sutra well)
- 月読命に関しては、その誕生後の記述が一切ない。
- There is no record left regarding Tsukuyomi no mikoto after her birth.
- 当時は、どちらの字も「き」と読んでいたらしい。
- It is believed that both 'jo' and 'saku' were read as 'ki' in those times.
- これから、撓と書いて「しない」と読む事もある。
- Due to this, although usually written with the characters for 'bamboo' and 'sword,' it is sometimes written with the character for 'bend.'
- 親鸞の法要行事である報恩講にて拝読されている。
- It is read at the Hoon-ko, a memorial services for Shinran.
- それに伴い、読みも正式に「ごふかくさ」に定着。
- Due to this change, the name was officially called 'Gofukakusa.'
- 一見漢字のようであるがその9割は判読できない。
- They seem to be kanji (Chinese characters), but 90 percent of them cannot be interpreted.
- 使用する札は読み札のみで、取り札は使用しない。
- The players only use the yomi-fuda drawn illustrations.
- 旧仮名遣いでの読みは「さかのうへのいはたて」。
- According the old orthography of kana (Japanese phonograms), his name was pronounced 'SAKANOUHE no Ihatate.'
- 旧仮名遣いでの読みは「さかのうへのくにまろ」。
- His name was read as 'Sakanouhe no Kunimaro' in old Japanese syllabary characters.
- 旧仮名遣いでの読みは共に「くりくまのおほきみ」。
- 栗隈王 and 栗前王 are both pronounced 'Kurikuma no Ohokimi' in old Japanese syllabary characters.
- 700年(文武4)三月、王臣に令文を読習させる。
- In March 700, vassals were obligated to learn the letter of the law.
- 芸亭の「芸」を「ウン」と読むのは間違いではない。
- Reading the character '芸' as 'un' is not erroneous.
- そして、そこから未来への潮流を読みとろうとした。
- He then tried to predict the future trend.
- 琉球の擦弦楽器で、胡弓と書いてクーチョーと読む。
- A stringed instrument in Okinawa 'Kucho' is written as the same Chinese characters for different pronunciation.
- また、職人が使う符丁として「ネタ」と逆に読んだ。
- Sushi chefs used to call it upside down as 'Neta' in their secret language.
- 僧侶が故人に末期の水を行い、印を結び、読経する。
- The priest conducts the matsugo-no-mizu (water of the last moment) ritual, makes symbolic signs with his fingers, and recites sutras.
- また3月5日と12日の2回過去帳読誦が行われる。
- Also Dokuju of a family register of deaths is done two times on March 5 and 12.
- なぜ私の名前を読まなかったのかと尋ねたのである。
- She asked why he skipped her name.
- 初夜の大導師作法の間には「神名帳」が読誦される。
- During Daidoshi saho in shoya, 'Jinmyocho' (the list of deities) was read.
- 毎日・奥の院 ・ 行法師2人常在・読経などを行う
- Daily in Oku no in - Two priests who practice asceticism are normally present and recite sutras.
- 中国語では区別しないが、日本語では読みが異なる。
- Although in China, the reading of classification in Buddhist scriptures and that of the original classification are the same, in Japan, there is the difference between the two.
- 「ぎんじょうこう」が正しい読み方とよく言われる。
- It is often said that 'ginjoko' is the correct pronunciation.
- 「おはぐろ」の読みに鉄漿の字を当てることもある。
- The kanji characters of Ohaguro (tooth black) are sometimes written as 'iron paste (鉄漿),' and thus is pronounced as Kane.
- 鉄漿を「かね」と読むと、染めるのに使う液を表す。
- When the kanji characters 'Iron Paste' are pronounced as 'Kane,' it refers to the liquid for dyeing.
- 先鋒本:最古の拓本とされ、480字が読み取れる。
- Xian-feng copy: This is said to be the oldest copy and 480 characters are able to be read.
- なお漢詩は歌謡から独立して朗読する文芸となった。
- Chinese poetry ('Kanshi' in Japanese) became the literature for reciting, separately from kayo.
- 宣命の文書の読み書きには漢文の素養を必要とする。
- To write and read senmyo documents, knowledge about Chinese language is needed.
- 古代朝鮮の吏読が宣命体を導いたと推測されている。
- It has been presumed that Rito (an expression of Korean in Chinese characters) of ancient Korea led to Senmyotai.
- 8歳で『武鑑』、12歳で『大日本史』を愛読する。
- When he was eight years old, his favorite book was 'Bukan' (a book of heraldry); when he was twelve years old, it was 'Dainihonshi' (Great History of Japan).
- 季語は詩情の象徴となるイメージを読むものに与える。
- Season words convey the reader the image symbolizing the gist of poetic sentiment.
- この時期は非常に物語性が強く読み物としても面白い。
- The writing of this time is narratively powerful and interesting to read.
- そのため、古文としては比較的読みやすい部類に入る。
- Consequently, for a classical text it is relatively easy to read.
- そのため、「わどうかいほう」と読む説が主流だった。
- Therefore, Wado-kaiho was the main way to read.
- 「各田了臣」は「額田部臣(ぬかたべのおみ)と読む。
- 各田了臣' is read as 'Nukatabe no Omi.'
- そして、そのような大昔の言葉を解読する方法もある。
- There is also a way to decipher such ancient languages.
- 野士・野師・弥四とも表記し、すべて「やし」と読む。
- It was written 香具師 (literally, perfume practitioner) with Chinese characters and also 野士 (mountain priest), 野師 (wild practitioner), 弥四 (part of man's name 'Yashiro'), however all of them are pronounced as 'yashi.'
- - おろちの「チ」は霊の古語としての読みでもある。
- The syllable 'chi' in orochi is one way of pronouncing spirit in the ancient language.
- 大権は「だいごん」とも読み、大権菩薩と略称される。
- Daigen (大権) are also pronounced 'Daigon', and is called 'Daigen bosatsu' for short.
- 供物を供える棚「精霊棚」の前で読む経の意味である。
- The name comes from the sutra (kyo) read in front of the 'Shoryodana', a shelf on which offerings are placed.
- 故人を家に迎えたあと、僧を招いて読経し、供養する。
- After welcoming the spirits into the home, people hold a memorial service and have a priest come and read the sutras.
- これは読経をともない仏を賛美するものと考えられる。
- It is considered to be accompanied with sutra chanting in praise of the Buddha.
- 名の孝允は「こういん」と有職読みされることもある。
- His first name is sometimes read as 'Koin' in Chinese reading.
- 同書は、旧制高等学校の生徒にとって必読書であった。
- This book was a 'must have' book for students of old-education-system high schools.
- また、諒陰・亮陰と書いて「りょういん」とも読ませる。
- And when it is written in 諒陰 and 亮陰, it is pronounced 'ryoin'.
- (火炎瓶を投じる直前の写真が読売新聞に掲載された。)
- (A photograph taken immediately before the two radical members hurled the Molotov cocktail at the Imperial couple appeared in the Yomiuri Shinbun Newspaper.)
- 平安時代後半頃から蝦夷を「えぞ」と読むようになった。
- '蝦夷' started to be read as 'Ezo' in the late Heian period.
- もともと、織田(越前ではオタと読む)姓は地名を指す。
- The family name of Oda (read as Ota in Echizen Province) refers to a place name.
- ちなみに陸軍においては「御名」を「おんな」と読んだ。
- For reference, 御名 was pronounced 'Onna' in the Army.
- 樺太新聞社(読売新聞社経営)が地方紙として存在した。
- Karafuto Shinbun-sha (affiliated with Yomiuri Newspaper) existed as a local paper.
- ただしこれらの流派でも読みはやわらであることも多い。
- But these names read as 'yawara' in many cases.
- テトとは「節」という漢字のベトナム語読みに相当する。
- The word 'teto' corresponds to the reading in Vietnamese of a Chinese character 'jie' (meaning festival).
- 次ページに跨っているコマは、そのページの最後に読む。
- A frame straddles the next page should be read at the end of the page.
- 例外もあるが、基本的なコマの読み進め方は以下の通り。
- Although there is an exception, the basic way to read frames is as follows.
- 演目のことを講談は読み物と言い、落語は出し物と言う。
- In addition, a performance is called yomimono (reading) in kodan and dashimono (act) in rakugo.
- 1910年、『尋常小学読本唱歌』を文部省が編纂した。
- In 1910 the Monbusho compiled 'Jinjo Shogakko Tokuhon Shoka (song book for elementary schools) '.
- 拓本でもやや破損があり、3句は解読不能となっている。
- Even the rubbed copy of this is partially broken and three poems are not legible.
- 能は面(仮面。おもてと読む)を使用する音楽劇である。
- Noh is a kind of musical using masks (called 'Omote' in Japanese).
- 読本(よみほん)は、江戸時代後期に流行した伝奇小説。
- Yomihon is denki shosetsu (a tale of fantastic) which was popular in the late Edo period.
- 読本(よみほん)は、江戸時代後期の戯作の形式の一種。
- Yomihon is a type of gesaku (light literary work) written in the late Edo period.
- 読本(とくほん)は、語学の教科書や一般向けの入門書。
- Tokuhon are textbooks for language learning and/or introductory books intended for the wide public.
- 散らし取り同様に絵札と字札を分け、読み手を一人選ぶ。
- Like the Chirashi-tori, the players use yomi-fuda for reading and tori-fuda for taking, and the yomi-te is one.
- 訓読すれば「天(あめ)の下、武を布(し)く」となる。
- It means that 'Ame (天) no Shita (下), Bu (武) wo Shi (布) ku' in kun-yomi (Japanese reading of character).
- 寺子屋は、庶民のための学校で、読み、書き、算を教えた。
- Terakoya was a school for ordinary people, and the three R's (reading, writing and arithmetic) were taught there.
- 「たいあん」が一般的な読みだが、「だいあん」とも読む。
- It is commonly read as 'taian,' but is also read as 'daian.'
- 読本:上田秋成『雨月物語』、曲亭馬琴『南総里見八犬伝』
- Yomihon (books for reading): 'Ugetsu Monogatari' (Tales of Moon and Rain) by Akinari UEDA, and 'Nanso satomi hakkenden' (Biographies of Eight Dogs) by Bakin KYOKUTEI
- 読売新聞憲法改正試案では天皇制は現状維持と述べている。
- Draft of Constitutional revisions by the Yomiuri Shimbun mentions that the Tennosei should maintain its form.
- 本来「石」は「せき」と読む重量(質量)の単位であった。
- Koku' (石) was essentially an unit of weight, pronounced 'seki.'
- 現在は「てんか」が普通だが、本来は「てんげ」と読んだ。
- It is usually pronounced 'Tenka' at present, but originally it was pronounced 'Tenge'.
- 済物浦は朝鮮語読みで「チェムルポ」、仁川広域市の旧称。
- Chemulpo' (済物浦) in Japanese is pronounced as Saimoppo, and it is the old name for Incheon-Gwangyeoksi (Incheon Metropolitan City).
- ページ内においては、上段から下段へ向かって読み進める。
- In the same page, read from the top column to the bottom column.
- 閉宴の挨拶後、僧侶に戒名料と読経料を御布施として渡す。
- After the closing address, the mourner gives Ofuse (an offering) to the priest as the fee for assigning the posthumous Buddhist name and reciting sutras.
- 護良親王はかつて「もりなが」と読まれることが多かった。
- In old days, the Prince's name 護良 was often pronounced as 'morinaga.'
- この100年という数字に作為性を読み取る研究者もいる。
- Some researchers read something intentional in the number of 100.
- 漢字熟語を多数収録して読み仮名をつける形式をとっている。
- It is in the form of a large collection of Kanji compounds each of which is accompanied by phonetic transcription in kana (the Japanese syllabaries).
- その中身は漢字の熟語を並べて読み仮名をつけただけである。
- The contents were simply the list of kanji compounds accompanied by their phonetic transcriptions in kana beside them.
- 何れかが「五」と「二」の読み違いで誤植であることになる。
- It is thought this inconsistency was due to calculation errors caused by the misreading of '五' (five) and '二' (two).
- 三条が再び神前で御誓文を奉読し、続いて勅語を読み上げた。
- Sanjo read Charter Oath in front of the altar again and read Ordinance subsequently.
- と理由を挙げて、普通に「あさい」と読むべきだとしている。
- And based on the above mentioned reasons, he insists that it should be read 'Asai' as normally.
- 八反田町、石ヶ坪町、東野町、西野町、衣田町、月読町廃止。
- Hattanda-cho, Ishigatsubo-cho, Higashino-cho, Nishino-cho, Kinuta-cho, and Tsukiyomi-cho were abolished.
- そこで、暗号解読ともいえる方法により、翻訳作業を進めた。
- Therefore, their translation work resorted to the means that may be called decipherment.
- 1万3700余所の神名が読み上げられ呼び寄せる(勧請)。
- Around 13,700 names of gods or shrines are read up and invited (kanjo, ceremonial transfer of a divided tutelary deity to a new location).
- 古くは「みっかん」と読まれたが、最初の音節が短くなった。
- Though characters read 'Mikkan' in olden times, the first syllable was clipped.
- 北原白秋、西條八十などの抒情詩が愛読されるようになった。
- Lyric poems such as of Hakushu KITAHARA and Yaso SAIJO were keenly read.
- 札の構造、材質、裏面などは読み札と取り札では区別がない。
- There is no distinction between the yomi-fuda and the tori-fuda in the make nor the material nor the pattern of the reverse.
- - 「」、「黄沙」、「黄砂」、読みはいずれも「ファンサ」。
- 황사,' '黄沙,' or '黄砂,' each of which is pronounced 'fansa' equally.
- 議定兼副総裁の三条実美が天皇に代わって神前で御祭文を奉読。
- In place of the Emperor, gijo and vice-president Sanetomi SANJO read the saimon (address to the gods) in front of the altar.
- 「那羅」「平城」「寧楽」と書いて「なら」と読む事もあった。
- Nara' was sometimes written as '那羅,' '平城,' or '寧楽.'
- 読みの変化が指し示す集団の変化に対応すると考える説もある。
- There is a theory stating that the difference in reading corresponds to the difference in ethnic groups.
- 俗に前者を「古本」・後者を「流布本」と読んで区別している。
- They are distinguished by calling the former 'the Old Text' and the latter 'the Vulgate Text.'
- 読み本系には、延慶本、長門本、源平盛衰記などの諸本がある。
- Yomihon includes Engyobon (the oldest manuscript of Heike Monogatari), Nagatobon (manuscript of Nagato Province), and Genpei Seisuiki (The Rise and Decline of the Minamoto and Taira clans).
- (その)ため、彼の著した「坐禅和讃」を坐禅の折に読誦する。
- Therefore, his work 'Zazen Wasan' or Song of Zazen (meditation) is read in a meditation by the 14 schools of the Rinzaishu sect.
- ただし漢字の読みやアクセントが養成所ごとに千差万別である。
- The readings of Kanji characters and pitch accents of the speech vary with the school.
- 暗記後は対戦相手、読手の順に礼をしてから競技が始められる。
- After memorizing cards, the players make bows to the opponent and to yomi-te (a person who reads cards in Kyogi Karuta), and the game starts.
- 浅山が文を読もうとすると突如一陣の風が吹き明かりが消える。
- A gust suddenly blows the lights out when ASAYAMA is about to read out the order.
- 主作者が顔見世狂言の名題を読み上げ、二枚目が役割を読んだ。
- The main playwright read aloud the titles of the new productions and the nimaime (actor playing the role of a good-looking character) announced the casts.
- 木魚は、読経をするときに打ち鳴らすことで、リズムを整える。
- Mokugyo (a fish-shaped wooden drum) is intended to keep the rhythm of sutra chanting by beating and sounding.
- なお、生寿司を「なまずし」と読んだ場合は通常の寿司を指す。
- The Chinese characters for kizushi are also read 'namazushi,' in which case it refers to the ordinary sushi.
- 実在する富山 (千葉県)(南房総市)は「とみさん」と読む。
- There is an actual mountain in Minami Boso City, Chiba Prefecture whose name is spelled in the same kanji as Mt. Toyama but is called 'Tomi-san.'
- また現代語との読みの異同・語義の相違を知ることも可能である。
- It also gives information about the difference in reading and meaning between the entries and modern words.
- 「せんぶ」「せんぷ」「せんまけ」「さきまけ」などと読まれる。
- It is also read as 'senbu,' 'senpu,' 'senmake,' 'sakimake.'
- 現在、福島県にある飯豊山の「飯豊」は「いいで」と読んでいる。
- At present, '飯豊' of Mt. Iidesan in Fukushima Prefecture is read as 'iide.'
- 元来は天皇または朝廷を指し、「こうけ」「おおやけ」と読んだ。
- Originally it meant Emperor or chotei and read 'koke' (public family) or 'oyake' (public or official).
- 家康は五山の僧(金地院崇伝ら)や林羅山に鐘銘文を解読させた。
- Ieyasu had priest in the Gozan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government) (Konchiin Suden and others) and Razan HAYASH decipher the inscription on the bell.
- 「みわ」と読む大神神社(三輪明神)は酒造の神ともされている。
- Omiwa-jinja Shrine (Miwa Myojin), which contains the same sound, is worshiped as a deity of sake brewing.
- その際、読み方も「トゥーディー」から「からて」に改められた。
- On this occasion, the pronunciation was changed from 'toudee' to 'karate.'
- 従者は房前にさきほど海女から渡された手紙を読むように勧める。
- The retainer advises Fusasaki to read the letter which was handed to him by the female diver.
- 半数強の10句が解読され、雨の中を帰る人々の姿がつづられる。
- Ten poems that are a little more than the half of all the poems have been understood and these poems describe the scenes of people going home in the rain.
- (注意:「せいれい」と読んだときは日本以外の神霊の類のこと。
- Note: When these Chinese characters are read as 'seirei,' it refers to divine spirits outside Japan.
- そのため初期読本は古典的知識を持つ知識人層によって書かれた。
- For this reason, early Yomihon books were written by intellectual elites who had the knowledge in the classics.
- 上記の遊び方とは異なり、坊主めくりをする際には首は読まない。
- Unlike other ways of playing karuta, according to Bozu Mekuri, the players don't read the poems.
- 1961年 第20回文藝春秋読者賞:「南海の芝居に雪が降る」
- 1961 - Readers Award of The 20th Bungei Shunju: 'Nankai no shibai ni yuki ga furu'
- 物語を書こうとした多くの作者は『源氏物語』の愛読者でもあった。
- Authors who intended to write a tale were mainly keen readers of 'Genji Monogatari.'
- 「天上天下」など成句の中には現在も「てんげ」と読むものがある。
- When included in phrases, such as 'Tenjo Tenge', it is pronounced 'Tenge' even at present.
- ページをめくる際の短い時間を利用して、読者に印象を与える手法。
- It is a technique to make an impression on the readers by using the short period of time to turn a page.
- 詞は後には詩と同様、音楽性から独立して朗読されるようになった。
- Ci, as with shi (poetry), later came to be recited separately from music.
- ワキの法性坊が登場、脇座の一畳台の上にすわり、読経をはじめる。
- Enter Hossho-bo, waki, and sits on the ichi-jo-dai at wakiza (stage-right, beside a column) and starts to chant a sutra.
- しかし持っていた巻物を出し勧進帳と称して高らかに読みはじめる。
- However, he takes out a scroll he has with him, and starts to read it out loud pretending to be a kanjincho.
- だが、妹尾が読み上げる赦免状の中に、なぜか俊寛の名前だけ無い。
- However, only Shunkan's name was not listed in the letter of amnesty.
- 本作に登場する松浦侯および外題の「松浦」は「まつうら」と読む。
- 松浦侯 who appears in this play and the title of `松浦' is read `matsu-ura.'
- 泉鏡花『いろ扱ひ』は、作者の少年時の乱読癖を振り返った私小説。
- 'Iro-atsukai' of Kyoka IZUMI is an 'I' novel (a novel based on author's own life), recalling his habit of reading books excursively in his childhood.
- 歌が読み始められたら、取り手は取り札を探して取ってかまわない。
- At the same time as the yomi-te reads the cards, the game starts and the tori-te look for the tori-fuda matching the yomi-fuda to take it (sometimes touch it or slap it by the hand).
- 他の六曜は読みが複数あるが、仏滅は「ぶつめつ」としか読まれない。
- The other rokuyo have several readings, but butsumetsu is read only as 'butsumetsu.'
- 明治になって、読みを「かなう」から原音に近い「あのう」に戻した。
- In the Meiji period, the reading of 賀名生 was changed from 'Kanau' back to 'Ano,' which was closer to the original sound.
- また、荻生徂徠の「明律国字解」が司法官の必読書として推奨された。
- Additionally, 'Minritsu kokujikai' by Sorai OGYU was put forward as required reading for judicial officers.
- 月読命(つくよみのみこと)イザナギが右の目を洗ったとき生まれた。
- Tsukuyomi no mikoto was born when Izanagi washed his nose.
- 最初の年紀が何としても一番知りたい所であるが、なかなか読めない。
- The first era name is a part which you want to know most, but it is hard to decipher.
- 現在、奈良時代の礼服は、「れいふく」ではなく「らいふく」と読む。
- Recently, formal clothing during the Nara period is pronounced 'Raifuku' instead of the ordinary pronunciation 'Reifuku.'
- 発表当時は読本形式であったが、これでは実際の上演が困難であった。
- Kiri Hitoha, when published first, was in the style of Yomihon (copy for reading)--a style not suited for stage presentation.
- その読みについては古くから、「なが」か「よし」かで議論があった。
- From a long time ago there has been an argument about whether it was pronounced 'naga' or 'yoshi.'
- 現代では用字にかかわらず「なんぼうろく」と読むのが一般的である。
- Today it is commonly pronounced 'Nanboroku,' regardless of the characters.
- 百人一首かるたは、百枚の読み札と同数の取り札の計二百枚から成る。
- The Hyakunin Isshu Karuta consists of one hundred yomi-fuda (card for reading) and one hundred tori-fuda (card for taking).
- 石上山光明寺、此寺般若経大森が怪異の時真読せし般若経巻なるよし。
- The Hannya-kyo Sutra at Ishigamiyama Komyo-ji Temple, which was read by Omori when a grotesque event happened, was adopted as a volume of Hannya-kyo Sutra.
- 源内は語学知識が無く、オランダ通詞に読み分けさせて読解に務める。
- Because Gennai had not become skilled enough in the language, he let a translating officer read in order to comprehend.
- 季御読経(きのみどきょう)は、平安時代に行われた宮中行事のひとつ。
- Kinomidokyo was a court function performed during the Heian period.
- 「読本系」は、文字の一つ一つの読みを学習させようとしたものである。
- Tokuhon-kei' attempted to assist in learning to read every single letter.
- 「せんしょう」「せんかち」「さきがち」「さきかち」などと読まれる。
- It is read as 'sensho,' 'senkachi,' 'sakigachi,' 'sakikachi' and so on.
- 漢文を訓読する際に訓点を記入することは、奈良時代末期から見られる。
- Kunten (guiding marks for rendering Chinese into Japanese) has been added for reading kundoku since the end of the Nara period.
- 「邪馬台国」は「やまたいこく」と読まれるのが現在では一般的である。
- It is common nowadays that '邪馬台国' is read 'Yamataikoku' in Japanese.
- 「文意あざやかにて」解読しやすく、最も古態に近いと考えられている。
- It is 'clear writing' and is easy to understand, being considered the most similar to the original form.
- 現存する流派は伝来した古文書などを解読して後世再興したものである。
- The existing schools were revived later by deciphering traditional ancient documents and so on.
- 同じ段に複数のコマが存在する場合は、右から左へ向かって読み進める。
- If there are several frames on the same column, read from right to left.
- 日本における姓のひとつとして七五三と書いて「しめ」と読む姓がある。
- There is a surname of Japanese called 'Shime' with 七五三 in kanji characters.
- 作原鼓(7字11行・句数不明)石臼に転用された鼓で、詩は解読不能。
- Zuo-yuan-gu (the number of poems unknown each including 11 lines of seven characters): This gu is the one which was wrongly used as a stone mortar and the poems on it are impossible to read.
- 観世寿夫世阿弥を読む(荻原達子編) 平凡社ライブラリー, 2001
- Kanze Hisao Zeami wo yomu (Hisao KANZE reads Zeami) (edited by Tatsuko OGIWARA), Heibonsha library, 2001
- 読み方を「そん」「むら」のどちらになるのかは各自治体で規定している。
- Each municipality defines whether to read its village(s) 'son' or 'mura'.
- 原文はカタカナ表記ですが、読みやすさを考慮してひらがな表記にします。
- The original is written in Katakana (fragmentary kana), but they are written in Hiragana (the Japanese cursive syllabary) in order to be read easily.
- 香港では「烏冬麵」と書いて、広東語読みで「ウードンミン」と発音する。
- In Hong Kong, Udon noodle is written as '烏冬麵' and pronounced 'u-don-min' by the Cantonese reading.
- 京都の東寺に伝わる『東寺』にもこれを裏づけるように読める記述がある。
- The 'Toji Shigyo Nikki' (the log of To-ji Temple management), which is a document handed down at To-ji Temple in Kyoto, also has some descriptions which seem to support this theory.
- 日本各地に、その地方の伝統や名物などを読み込んだいろはかるたがある。
- All over Japan, various karuta cards exist in which the traditions and the features of the local community are expressed.
- 弱気な母の手紙を読み、熊野は故郷の遠江国に顔を出したいと宗盛に願う。
- Having read her weakened mother's letter, she asks Munemori to excuse her to visit her home in Totomi Province.
- 『日本三代実録』にある「天皇少(わか)くして聡明、好みて経史を読む。
- According to 'Nihon sandai jitsuroku,' 'the young Emperor Koko was intelligent and preferred to read Chinese classics on ethics, politics and history books.'
- これらは適宜、「の」「より」「と」「を望む」などを補って読むとよい。
- It can be read by making appropriate additions such as 'no' (of), 'yori' (from), 'to' (and) and 'wo nozomu' (upon viewing of).
- 何故か家族を含む周囲の人間からは音読みの「けんと」としか呼ばれない。
- For some reason, all the people around him, including his family, always call him 'Kento,' the Chinese reading of the kanji for 'Noribito.'
- 坊主めくりと同様、首は読まず、読み札のみを使用し取り札は使用しない。
- Like the Bozu Mekuri, the players use only the yomi-fuda and don't read the poems.
- 鴈治郎との関係から「がんじゃく」と読む人もいるが、本来はにごらない。
- Because of the relation with Ganjiro, some people read 'Ganjaku', but originally it has not a sonant sound.
- 侍読(じどく/じとう)とは、天皇の側に仕えて学問を教授する学者のこと。
- A Jidoku/Jito was a scholar who was an academic tutor for the emperor.
- このため、ここの「慶応四年」は「明治元年」に読みかえるのが正式である。
- Therefore it is official that 'the 4th year of Keio era' is to be read as 'the first year of Meiji era' here.
- 送り仮名がつけて記されたものがあるので、本来は音読みするものではない。
- This word in Chinese characters is suffixed with Kana in some cases and this means that originally the word should not be read in the Chinese-style (On-Yomi).
- かつては東京都にも「そん」と読む新島本村(にいじまほんそん)があった。
- Tokyo Prefecture used to read its 新島本村 as 'Niijima Honson' (村 was read as 'son').
- その読者の中には、同じくブルームズベリーのヴァージニア・ウルフもいた。
- Among the readers was Virginia WOOLF, who was also a member of the Bloomsbury Group.
- 東大寺の歴史を読み解く上で大いに関ってくる史料には、以下のものがある。
- The historical materials required for deep understanding of the history of Todai-ji Temple are as follows.
- 西行は旧主である崇徳天皇の菩提を弔おうと白峯を訪れ、読経し、歌を詠む。
- Saigyo visits Shiramine to pray for the repose of the soul of his old master Emperor Sutoku, chants Buddhist sutras and makes a poem.
- 後に皐月は五年をかけてこの文書(通称「カタカムナ文献」)の解読に成功。
- Later, Kogetsu succeeded in deciphering this document (commonly called 'Katakamuna documents') over five years.
- 京都市に加え、大津市にも本社を置き、両府県の主読紙として定着している。
- With its headquarters in Otsu City as well as in Kyoto City, Kyoto Shimbun has become established as the most-read newspaper in both Kyoto and Shiga Prefectures.
- 弓矢とは「きゅうし」とも読み「弓箭」(ゆみや・きゅうし)とも表記する。
- The term 'Yumiya' (弓矢) is also read as 'Kyushi' and also written as '弓箭' (Yumiya or Kyushi).
- イチ、ニ、サ、シ…と各句の頭に数字を読み込んだ数え歌の形をとっている。
- It takes the form of a counting song by including the sound of numbers in the lyrics, i.e., ichi, ni, san, shi, and so on (having the same sound as the Japanese words for one, two, three, and four, and so on) at the head of each verse.
- 過去帳では聖武天皇以来の東大寺有縁の人々の名前が朗々と読み上げられる。
- In Dokuju of a family register of deaths, the names of those who have linked with Todai-ji Temple since the Emperor Shomu are read resonantly.
- 「南無教主 釈迦如来」は「のうぼうこうしゅ せいきゃじょらい」と読む。
- '南無教主 釈迦如来' reads as 'Nobokoshu Seikyajorai.'
- 色も、祭りなどに参加する際には「染袙」と読んで好きな色のものを用いた。
- During a festival, people wore Akome of their favourite colors (called 'Someakome'.)
- 口絵や挿絵もあったが、文章中心の読み物であるところから読本と呼ばれた。
- Although Yomihon included frontispieces and illustrations, it was called Yomihon (reading books) because its emphasis was on the text itself.
- もし「いまこ」が読まれると、「いまは」の決まり字が「いま」に変化する。
- If the card of 'いまこ' (imako) has been taken away, then Kimariji of 'いまは' (imawa) changes to 'いま' (ima).
- そして、さらに「いに」が読まれると、「いま」は「い」が決まり字となる。
- Further, if the card of 'いに' (ini) has also been taken away, then Kimariji of 'いま' (ima) changes to 'い' (i).
- 前者は部首別に分類された漢字の読みや意味を出典とともに掲げたものである。
- The former listed readings or meanings of Kanji (Chinese characters) classified by radical index with original sources.
- 後者はイロハ別・意義分野別に分類された語の読みから漢字を引くものである。
- As for the latter, Kanji is looked up by readings of terms classified by i, ro, ha, and by meaning and field.
- 山村王が天皇廃位の詔を読み上げ、淳仁天皇は捕らえられ、淡路国へ流された。
- After Prince Yamamura read the Imperial edict of dethronement of Emperor Junnin, Emperor Junnin was captured and exiled to Awaji Province.
- 「飛鳥」を「飛ぶ鳥」と読ませ、「明日香」の枕詞となっていることがわかる。
- Asuka' (飛鳥) is read as 'tobu tori' (飛ぶ鳥) (a flying bird), and it is a Makura kotoba (a set epithet) of 'Asuka' (明日香).
- 小学校では『万国公法』の一部を抜き出し「読み方」の授業の教材としている。
- In elementary schools, a part of 'Bankoku Koho' was used in Japanese class.
- 以下、詔書の内容を引用する(原典は旧字体・カタカナで句読点・濁点なし)。
- The following is quoted from the Shosho (The original text was written in the old [traditional] form of [Chinese] characters] and Katakana [fragmentary kana] without voiced sound marks or punctuation marks).
- 家中がそろったところで、急報を末席家老大野知房が藩士達に読んで聞かせた。
- When all the feudal retainers gathered around, lower rank chief retainer Tomofusa ONO read out the urgent message.
- もともとは中国の料理で、読んで字のごとくヒツジの羹(あつもの)であった。
- Originally, yokan (羊羹) was Chinese broth (羹) of sheep (羊), as the Chinese characters stand for.
- 『椿説弓張月』(ちんぜいゆみはりづき)は、曲亭馬琴作・葛飾北斎画の読本。
- 'Chinzei Yumeharizuki' (The Crescent Moon) was a book written by Bakin KYOKUTEI and illustrated by Hokusai KATSUSHIKA.
- むろん本人や近親者たちが「式子」という名をショクシと読んだわけではない。
- Of course it does not mean that the Princess herself or her close relatives called her '式子' Shokushi.
- yom-(読む) /yomite/ > /yoNde/(読みて→読んで)
- yom-/yomite/ >/yoNde/
- 貧窮の中で全国を行脚して約5万冊の書物を集め、さらにその総てを読破した。
- He pilgrimized across the country in poverty, collected about 50,000 books and read all of them.
- また、摂関家や将軍家の当主に学問を教授する学者も侍読と呼ばれるようになる。
- Scholars who tutored the family heads of the Sekkan-ke (families which produced regents) and the family of the Shogun also came to be called Jidoku.
- 主に本文の訓読に関する記述が多いが、中には内容にまで踏み込んだものもある。
- The contents of the notes were mainly about kun-doku (the word-for-word translating method from Chinese to Japanese) of the main text of the 'Nihonshoki' but some of them delved into the comprehension of it.
- これらのほか、仏教音楽としては声明、また法華経を読む読経もさかんであった。
- Apart from these, Buddhist music such as Shomyo (chanting of Buddhist hymns) or chanting Hoke-kyo Sutra was actively performed.
- また、難読地名としても知られる「間人(たいざ)」は「間人ガニ」で知られる。
- Taiza,' which is famous as a place difficult to read, is famous for 'Taiza Crab.'
- 「毛利」の元来の読みは「もり」だが、後に「もうり」と読まれるようになった。
- The pronunciation of the surname was originally 'Mori,' but later changed to 'Moori,' 'o' being replaced with its long vowel,'oo.'
- 古代の国府は現代では国府と書いて「こう」と読む地名として全国に残っている。
- An ancient Kokufu remains nationwide as a place name '国府' in Chinese characters, which is pronounced 'Ko.'
- 肉眼では解読が不可能な場合が多く、赤外線カメラを用いて解読作業をおこなう。
- It is hard to decode to the naked eye, so an infrared camera is used for decoding.
- 三条西実隆は、筆写のおり句読点や声点を施し、ほかにも校合が試みられている。
- Sanetaka SANJONISHI put punctuation marks and shoten (marks to add Kanji to show Shisei) when he copied it, and he also collated it.
- この場合「面(おもて)」と読み、「能」がつくと「能面(のうめん)」と読む。
- In such cases, the kanji character is read 'omote,' and when it follows the character for 'noh,' the compound is read 'noh men.'
- 作品の主な対象となる読者の年齢や性別という観点では、次のように分類される。
- In terms of the age and sex of main target readers, comics are classified as follows.
- いまでも、「青衣の女人」を読み上げるときには声をひそめるのが習わしである。
- Even now it is the custom to read between his teeth when reading 'Shoe no nyonin.'
- 現在も白隠の再興した臨済宗を中心に、日常の読経や写経などに用いられている。
- Even today, Jikku Kannongyo is still used in the daily recitation of sutras and copying of sutras and the like, mainly in the Rinzaishu sect which was reinvigorated by Hakuin.
- 而師鼓(6字11行・17句)半数の字が満遍なく破損しており、詩は解読不能。
- Er-shi-gu (17 poems each including 11 lines of six characters): A half of the characters are evenly broken and the poem is impossible to read.
- 久安4年(1148年) 8歳で『倶舎論』、『婆沙論』を読んだと伝えられる。
- It was told that he read 'Kusharon' (sutra of the Kusha sect) and 'Basharon' (the Discourse on the Ten Stages) at the age of eight in 1148.
- ただし、秋にも約1割の発生があり、年間を通して発生していることも読み取れる。
- However, approx. 10 percent of the yearly sandstorms occurred in autumn as well, showing that sandstorms occurred throughout the year.
- 大日本帝国憲法を素直に解釈すると、天皇は大きな権力を持っていたように読める。
- When the Constitution of the Empire of Japan is interpreted without argument, it can be read as if the Emperor had very strong powers.
- 青年男女を読者とし、内容も赤本より高まり、安永4年以降もわずかに刊行された。
- Readers being young boys and girls, blue books had more advanced content than red books and, from 1775 onwards only a small number were published.
- 「サ」は箭(矢)の古い読みで矢や釣針を意味し、「チ」は霊と表記し霊威を示す。
- The word 'sa' was an old sound of the Chinese character '箭'(矢) which meant arrow or hook, and the word 'chi' was written as '霊' which showed spiritual power.
- 両親の菩提を祈り(祈親)、法華経を読誦し、常に経を持っていたという(持経)。
- It is said that he prayed to Buddha for the happiness for the dead parents, which is called 'Kishin,' recited the Lotus Sutra, and always carried the Sutra, which is called 'Jikyo.'
- それを聞いて、読み書きできなかった下男の慧能は人に頼んでその隣に詩を書いた。
- When Eno, who was a footman and was not literate at that time, heard the phrase, he asked someone to write his poem next to the apprentice's.
- - 読売新聞 「意外にダブつく『忘れられた味』 クジラ どんどん売り込め!」
- - The Yomiuri Shimbun: 'The whale meat, 'the taste that has been forgotten,' is oversupplied unexpectedly; Increase the sales of whale meat rapidly.'
- 同年11月、小新聞「仮名読新聞」(東京)、「浪花新聞」(大阪)が創刊される。
- In November in the same year, a small-scale newspaper 'Kana-yomi Shinbun' (read-in-kana newspaper) (in Tokyo) and 'Naniwa (Kansai Region) Shinbun' (in Osaka) started to be published.
- 日本では昔から「読み書きソロバン」として、寺子屋などで習字が指導されてきた。
- Shuji (calligraphy) has been traditionally taught in Terakoya (a private elementary school during the Edo period) and in others in Japan as 'reading, writing, and abacus.'
- 印刷技術や稿料制度など出版の体制が整っていたこともあり多くの読者を獲得した。
- As there was a good publishing system such as an advanced printing technology and the system of payments for manuscripts, Yomihon gained many readers.
- しかし、競技が進むにつれて、多くの札が読まれるので、この決まり字が変化する。
- However, as the game goes on and many cards have been taken away, these Kimariji will change.
- 伏姫は、八房に肉体の交わりを許さず読経の日々を過ごし、八房は経に耳を傾ける。
- Princess Fuse spent her days there reading Buddhist sutras to god, never allowing Yatsufusa to touch her, and Yatsufusa listened to the sutras.
- 文政8年(1825年) 三・四歳の頃、祖母の懐中に在りて千字文の類を読誦す。
- In 1825, at around three years of age, he read some books of around 1,000 words while in his grand mother's arms.
- 中将、弁宰相阿古大上臈、和期の方または和期の局(ともに「わご」と読む)とも。
- She was also called 'Chujo,' 'Bensaisyo Ako Dai-joro,' 'Wago no Kata,' or 'Wago no Tsubone.'
- 円融天皇の時文章生となり、敦良親王の読書始に列席するなどの活動を行っていた。
- He became a monjosho (student of literary studies in the Imperial University) at the time of Emperor Enyu, and attended the Dokushohajime (a ceremony to mark when an individual starts to study) of Imperial Prince Atsunaga among other activities.
- 学問所では、毎月の定日に経書の講義や会読、小試・大試などの試験もおこなわれた。
- At the Gakumonjo, on a fixed day of each month, lectures or discussions on scriptures were given along with short or long quizzes.
- かつては「泰安」と書かれたため、「たいあん」の方が本来の読みということになる。
- As it was once written as '泰安' (taian), the reading 'taian' is the original reading.
- 「施」の字はなぜか読まれないことが多く、中世以降は主に「やくいん」と呼ばれた。
- Apparently for no reason, the first character of 'se (施)' is often silent, and Seyaku-in has been generally referred to as 'Yakuin' since the medieval period.
- 庶民レベルでは僧侶ら知識階級が庶民らの子どもを集めて基本的な読み書きを教えた。
- For common people, the intellectual class such as Buddhist monks gathered children of common people together, and taught them basic reading and writing.
- (読みは、飯豊皇女・飯豊王女・飯豊女王・飯豊王はすべて「いいとよのひめみこ」。
- (All the readings of 飯豊皇女, 飯豊王女, 飯豊女王 and 飯豊王 are 'Iitoyo no himemiko'.
- 続いて開始時刻に公卿が入場し着座が終わると、弁官が史に命じて文書を読み上げる。
- When the starting time came, kugyo entered and sat down, and then a benkan told an official to read a monjo (written material).
- 式部大輔は儒学者で天皇の侍読(家庭教師)を務めた者が就任する慣例となっていた。
- Confucian scholar who served as an emperor's jidoku (imperial tutor) conventionally assumed the post of Shikibu no Taifu.
- つまりこの河内音頭が、「読むことを売る」、読み売り瓦版のような役割を果たした。
- That is to say, Kawachi ondo played the role of kawaraban (commercial newssheet of the Edo period), which 'sells news reading.'
- 1つは仏教用語である「善哉(ぜんざい、よきかなとも読む)」にちなんだ説である。
- One theory relates the word with the Buddhist term 'Zenzai' (the kanji characters of which can also be pronounced as yokikana, meaning 'good things.').
- これら新注は学校に頒布されて科挙の国定教科書となり、宋代を通じて広く読まれた。
- These new annotations were distributed in schools and became government-designated textbooks for Kakyo, widely read throughout the Song period.
- 一応大会競技規定は存在するが、競技者がそれを読み、理解しているとは言いがたい。
- Although there are the rules for the tournaments, it cannot be believed that the players read them and understand them.
- (略)田舎から出て来た純一は、小説で読み覚えた東京詞(ことば)を使うのである。
- (Abbreviated), Junichi who came from the countryside uses a Tokyo dialect which he has learned in novels.
- 由良之助は密書を読むが、おかると縁の下に隠れていた九太夫に盗み見されてしまう。
- Yuranosuke reads the secret letter, but Kudayu, who has been hiding under the floor together, and Okaru steals a glance at the letter.
- 別名 オンガイ(雄貝)御貝からの読み変わりだが、雌貝との対の意味になっている。
- Known in some areas as ongai (literally, male shellfish), stemming from the name ogai above, and used in contrast to mengai (literally, female shelfish).
- 当時、既に解読不能に陥っていた『古事記』の解読に成功し、『古事記伝』を著した。
- He succeeded in deciphering Records of Ancient Matters 'Kojiki', which was then undecipherable, and wrote Commentaries on Kojiki 'Kojikiden'.
- ただし、同条に父・古人の侍読の功績によると記されており、その後の支給の例もない。
- However, the description is also seen in the above book saying Gakumonryo was granted in reward for their father Huruhito's achievement as Jidoku (imperial tutor) and none were rewarded thereafter.
- また、鋳型は繰り返し使用するうちに傷み、次第に銭影がぼやけ、銭名が読めなくなる。
- After repeated use of molds, they become damaged, and the impressions on the coins become illegible due to the gradual wear of the impression of the original coin.
- なかでも「虫めづる姫君」は風変わりな題材を扱い、後世、人びとに読みつがれてきた。
- Above all, 'Mushimezuru-Himegimi' (A lady who loves insects and caterpillars) in which unique material is dealt, has been read by people in later ages.
- 「しゃっこう」「しゃっく」「じゃっく」「じゃっこう」「せきぐち」などと読まれる。
- It is also read as 'shakko,' 'shakku,' 'jakku,' 'jakko,' 'sekiguchi.'
- 針生の場合は更に『黄帝素問経』・『黄帝鍼経』・『脈決』・『黄帝明堂経』を読んだ。
- In addition, students of acupuncture had to study 'Kotei Somonkyo' (Basic Questions in Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon, covering the theoretical foundation of Chinese medicine and its diagnostic methods), 'Kotei Shinkyo' (Needling Canon in Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon, discussing the acupuncture therapy in detail), 'Myakuketsu' (a Chinese classic on sphygmoscopy), and 'Kotei Myodokyo' (a Chinese classic on acupuncture, highly valued along with Kotei Shinkyo).
- 山 男山 三角点は鳩ヶ峰(142.5m)(愛称:八幡山、「はちまんさん」と読む)
- Mountain: Mt. Otoko whose triangulation point is Hatogamine peak (142.5 m)(Nickname: Hachimansan)
- 金印は「かん ゐど こく おう」又は「かん ゐな こく おう」と読むべきである。
- The golden seal should be read as `kanido kokuo' or `kanina kokuo.'
- マーティン自身は長年中国に留まっていたため、漢語の読み書きにも不自由はなかった。
- As Martin had lived in China for many years, he had no difficulty in reading and writing Chinese language.
- 明治に入ると合巻の作者は執筆の場を新聞の連載小説に移し、新たな読者層を獲得した。
- With the coming of the the Meiji period (1868-1912), authors of 'Gokan' picture books were able to convert to publishing their writing in serialized format in newspapers and with that, a new body of readership was acquired.
- また「足強く候」とは、「腐りにくい」「腐造しにくくなる」という意味に読み取れる。
- The phrase 'ashitsuyoku soro' ('become robust') may be understood to imply 'rot-resistant' or 'become hard to decay.'
- 北斎漫画は第二次世界大戦後も版行されるロングセラーとなり、幅広い層に愛読された。
- Hokusai Manga became a long-selling book which was published after World War II and had been read by a wide range of people.
- できるだけ早く、読み札に合った取り札を叩く(はじく、または押さえることもある)。
- Players try to touch (flip, or - in some cases - seize) torifuda corresponding to yomifuda as soon as possible.
- これには読み仮名が振っていなく、堀口捨己は「カレセンズイ」と読むと意見している。
- The pronunciation of the Kanji characters were not attached, therefore in Sutemi HORIGUCHI's opinion, it should be read as 'karesenzui.'
- 流派によって「水罐」「水指」「水灌」「水次」「水滴」「注子」などの読み方がある。
- Depending on the school, the suichu used in the sencha tea service is called a 'suiso,' 'mizusashi', 'suikan,' 'mizutsugi,' 'suiteki' or 'chushi.'
- 読み札には彩色があるが、取り札には活字が印されているだけである点が大きく異なる。
- The yomi-fuda is colorful with the illustrations while the tori-fuda is colorless with only the letters (although it's confusing, yomi-fuda of general karuta card is colorless and tori-fuda is colorful called 'efuda' or 'picture card').
- そしてその第二祖といわれる慧文が竜樹の中論を読み、一心三観を会得したといわれる。
- It is said that the secondary founder Emon read the Madhyamaka-karika (Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way) written by Ryuju, and attained isshin sangan (threefold contemplation in a single mind).
- 読書をすると、必ず大事な所や学者の考えを書き残し、記憶に留める事を忘れなかった。
- Whenever he read books, he never failed to take notes about important things or thoughts of scholars and try to memorize these things.
- 以下に挙げる、その内の一首は和銅元年(708年)の但馬皇女薨去を悼んで読んだ歌。
- The poem presented below is one of the four, which was the poem sung morning the death of Imperial Princess Tajima no himemiko in 708.
- このほか、門人下田歌子に乞われて、学習院女子高等科の副読本を執筆したこともある。
- Other than that, he once wrote a supplementary reading material for Gakushuin Girls' Senior High School at the request of a disciple Utako SHIMODA.
- ただし「偽」に洒落て「ニセ」と読ませるため、あえて二世曽呂利新左衛門と名乗った。
- However, he chose to call himself Shinzaemon SORORI Nise using the Japanese kanji '二世' (meaning 'the second') for 'nise' as a play on the word '偽' (also pronounced 'nise' but meaning 'fake').
- 『日本書紀』で同じ読みができる同時代人には、美濃王・三野王・弥努王・美努王がある。
- According to 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), 美濃王, 三野王, 弥努王 and 美努王 were all pronounced Mino no Okimi and lived in the same period.
- 本来的に読書人である文人は文房において起居し、同時に趣味生活を実現する拠点とした。
- Bunjin originally meant people who read books well and spend most of the time in their library and engaged in their hobbies there.
- 太歳記事は読者の便宜をはかるためのものであって、干支と即位の間に直接の関係はない。
- The tai sui article was written for convenience of readers, and there was no direct relationship between the Oriental zodiac and the enthronement.
- また的は古くは「いくは」と読み、弓矢そのものであり、「射交わ」が語源となっている。
- In addition, the term '的' (target) was pronounced as 'ikuha' in ancient word and referred to Yumiya itself, which comes from the word '射交わ' (ikuwa).
- 筋書き以上に、言葉や絵の端々に仕組まれた遊びの要素を読み解くことに楽しみがあった。
- Besides the synopsis, these books were organized cover to cover by use of language and pictures to give pleasure as readers understood subtext messages not initially obvious.
- People enjoyed solving wordplays hidden in the text and illustrations more than just reading a story.
- 「味がしゃんとし」とは、すなわち「味がしまる」「辛口になる」といった意味に読める。
- The phrase 'Aji ga shan to si' ('taste becomes hale and hearty') may be read as to imply 'its taste becomes tauter 'or 'it becomes dry.'.
- - ことわざなどの短いフレーズが書いてあり、読み人(多くは大人)が声に出して読む。
- A short phrase (or sentence) - for example, a proverb - is written on it, and a person calling the card - in many cases, an adult - reads it aloud.
- が、安宅の関での勧進帳の読み上げはこの作品ではじめてみられ、作者の創作と思われる。
- But the scene of reading out kanjincho at the Ataka barrier was seen in this work for the first time, and this seems to be the writer's original.
- 交代のタイミングは、自分のチームの札を相手に取られたとき、10枚読まれたときなど。
- The players are changed when the group's tori-fuda is taken by the opponent or for every ten poets.
- - 「黄沙」、「黄砂」、読みはいずれも「ホワンシャ(ピンイン Huángshā)」。
- 黄沙' or '黄砂,' and both are pronounced 'hoansha' (binin, Huángshā).
- 江戸期に広く読まれていた『甲陽軍鑑』でも、勘助について軍師という表現は用いていない。
- Even in 'Koyo Gunkan' read widely in the Edo period, no description of a military strategist is made about Kansuke.
- 片仮名は漢字の一部に由来し(例:伊→イ)、漢文を訓読する際の補助文字として使われた。
- Katakana has been designed from a parts of Kanji characters (example: イ from 伊) and was used as a sub character for reading a text written in China in a Japanese manner.
- 柳原家(やなぎわらけ、やなぎはらの読みは慣例)は、名家 (公家)の家格を有する公家。
- The Yanagiwara family (conventionally, Yanagihara) were kuge (court nobles) that held the status of meika (kuge of lower rank).
- 西川泰彦 『貞明皇后その御歌と御詩の世界-貞明皇后御集拝読』錦正社2007年を参照。
- Please refer to a book by Yasuhiko NISHIKAWA, 'The Empress Teimei: the world of her waka (Japanese poetry) and poems; Collections of poetry by the Empress Teimei', published from Kinseisha in 2007.
- 三河国(三州ないし参州、読み方はさんしゅう)の国府、府中または府内という意味である。
- It means Kokufu (the offices), Fuchu (the location), and Funai (the area) of the provincial government capital of Mikawa Province (also known as Sanshu).
- この事は江戸時代になって、「伊賀忍軍対甲賀忍軍」という形で講談や読本の題材となった。
- This thing became a subject matter for kodan storytelling or Yomihon (a reader) in form of 'Iga Ninja versus Koka Ninja' in Edo period.
- 日本では白村江(はくそんこう)は、慣行的に「はくすきのえ」と訓読みされることが多い。
- In practice, Hakusonko is pronounced 'Hakusukinoe' using the Japanese 'kun' reading as opposed to the Chinese 'on' reading.
- 基本的に共通仕様上の読み違いによって、特性や基本構造に差異があるために起こる現象だ。
- This is a phenomenon which happens basically because of differences in features and basic structures as a result of misreading of common specifications.
- また、初期には「醤油」の「油」を漢音読みして「シヤウユウ」と発音されることもあった。
- In early times, '油' of '醤油' was read like Chinese, and '醤油' was sometimes pronounced as 'shauyuu.'
- 専門家の中でもわざわざ「きが」とルビを振り読者の注意を促す者もいるので注意を要する。
- We must be careful because even some specialists indicate reading as 'kiga' purposely to ask special care of readers.
- 藤原時平がモデル(実在の「時平」は「ときひら」と読むが、本作では「しへい」という)。
- He was modeled after Fujiwara no Shihei (the actual '時平' was pronounced as 'Tokihira' but the work called him as 'Shihei').
- その読み上げがいかにも見事であるので、関の人々はおどろきおそれて一行を通そうとした。
- The way he reads aloud is so brilliant that the officers at the barrier are surprised and feared, and decide to let the party pass.
- それで、わたしは経を読み、先帝の菩提を弔っているのです」とこれまでのことを物語した。
- Then I read the sutra and talked about what I had to go through, also mentioning that I prayed to hold a memorial service for the deceased former Emperor.
- この方法は日本の宣命書と同じであり、ここに吏読が宣命体のモデルという推測が生まれた。
- This method is the same as Japanese Senmyogaki, which caused a speculation that Rito was a model of Senmyotai.
- 三室戸家(みむろどけ、「みむろと」の読みは誤記)は、名家 (公家)の家格を有する公家。
- The Mimurodo family (pronunciation 'Mimuroto' is a recording error) held the court noble family rank of Meike.
- 生母櫛笥隆子の亡き後、光子内親王は寺を出ることはなく、経典の読謡や写経をして過ごした。
- Subsequent to the death of her real mother, Takako KUSHIGE, Imperial Princess Teruko remained in the temple, where she read aloud and copied sutras.
- 1977年~1979年にかけて鳥人間コンテスト選手権大会(読売テレビ)の会場となった。
- In the period of 1977 through 1979, it was used as the site for Japan International Birdman Rally (Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation).
- 仮に放射線式の読み方を受け入れると、邪馬台国は伊都国の南水行十日陸行一月の行程にある。
- If you accept the radial journey reading, Yamatai should be 10 days by sea and a month on land south of the state of Ito.
- しかし本居宣長は国学の立場から大和朝廷との同一性を否定し、あえて「やまたい」と読んだ。
- Norinaga MOTOORI, however, denied the identification with the Yamato Dynasty from the point of view of Japanese classical literature and dared to read it 'Yamatai.'
- この「邪馬台」を「やまたい」と読んだのは国学者の本居宣長が最初であると考えられている。
- Apparently, it was the scholar of Japanese classical literature, Norinaga MOTOORI, who was the first to read '邪馬台' as 'Yamatai.'
- 読み物としてもとても面白かった源氏三代将軍記と比べて、その文章の流暢さは大きく異なる。
- Compared with the record of shogun Genji, which readers can enjoy as a story, the fluency of the writing is quite different.
- だが榎本は、この覚書を読むなり「これは便利な文章だ。いかようにも解釈できる」と喜んだ。
- But, once Enomoto read it, he was delighted saying 'This is a useful description. We can take it in any way'.
- このことは江戸時代になって、「伊賀忍軍対甲賀忍軍」という形で講談や読本の題材となった。
- This fact was featured in storytellings or Yomihon (books for reading) in the Edo period, in the form of 'Iga ninja force versus Koga ninja force' stories.
- このような実際に最近起きた出来事を音頭にすることは「新聞(しんもん)読み」と呼ばれる。
- To compose ondo based on real stories are called 'Shinmon-yomi' (reading newspapers).
- この本はその後、明治40年までの約10年間に20余版を重ね、大正末期まで読み継がれた。
- Later, this book was reprinted more than 20 times in about 10 years until 1907, and it was read continuously until the end of the Taisho period.
- 他に「烏龍麵」という表記が使われる場合もあるが、これでは読みが「ウーロンミン」と訛る。
- Besides, the orthography '烏龍麵' is sometimes applied, which is pronounced 'u-ron-min' with a corrupted form.
- また、宗教儀式のひとつで、定期的に仏像などの本尊の前で、読誦したり礼拝したりすること。
- It is also one of religious ceremonies including regular dokuju (chanting sutras) and prayers for honzon (major statue of a temple) such as statue of Buddha.
- これは数十手先の着手を読む際に、開閉の単調なリズムが思考へ好影響をもたらすためである。
- It is because habitual motions to fold and unfold a Sensu has a soothing effect on thinking when anticipating the coming moves.
- 元の吾丘衍は477字、潘迪は386字を読み取っているが、以後も徐々に風化が進んでいる。
- WU Qiu-yan of Yuan read 477 characters and FAN You read 386 characters, however, thereafter, weathering was gradually advancing.
- 古墳時代の5世紀にも王位継承をめぐる数々の紛争の発生が、日本書紀の記載から読みとれる。
- In five centuries during the Kofun period, there were many disputes due to Imperial succession according to the record of Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan).
- 『平家物語』では基康が清盛の赦免状をたんたんと読み上げた後、俊寛のみを残して船を出す。
- In 'Heike Monogatari' (The tale of the Heike), Motoyasu read aloud the letter of amnesty with no feeling, and then the boat departed without Shunkan.
- 季御読経は、春と秋に国家安泰を祈願して宮中に僧を招き、大般若経を転読する仏教法会である。
- Kinomidokyo was a Buddhist service where priests were invited inside the Imperial Court in the spring and fall to selectively read Daihannyakyo (Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra) to pray for the peace and security of the nation.
- 刊本は、大きく分けて「手本系」・「読本系」・「注釈本系」・「絵抄系」の四つに分類できる。
- Kanpon for Teikin Orai was broadly classified into four types: 'Tehon-kei' (model handwriting-type), 'Tokuhon-kei' (reader-type), 'Chushakubon-kei' (commentary-type), and 'Esho-kei' (illustrated commentary-type).
- この地にあった有名な神社が坐摩神社(社号は「いかすり」と読むが、通常は「ざま」)である。
- The famous shrine located in that location was Ikasuri-jinja Shrine (Its shago [shrine's name] is 'Ikasuri' but it is usually called 'Zama').
- ※サイト上の大学図書館のデジタルアーカイブシステムなどで、原文の詳細を読むことができる。
- *The original text is introduced in detail on the internet through the digital archive system of the university library.
- 国府と書いて「こくふ」と読む地名には、近代以降に国府推定地に新たに付けられたものが多い。
- Many place names written as '国府' in Chinese characters, which is pronounced 'Kokufu,' have been applied to the estimated site where Kokufu was located since the modern period.
- 一方施行断行派のものでは磯部四郎の『法理精華ヲ読ム』、井上操の『法律編纂ノ可否』がある。
- On the other hand, theses by the Seko-danko-ha Group included 'Horiseika wo Yomu' (Reading the Hori Seika law school Journal) by Shiro ISOBE and 'Horitsu Hensan no Kahi' (The pros and cons of compiling laws) by Masao INOUE.
- 普請は仏教用語で、ふしんの読み仮名は禅宗が伝えた為、唐音が使われる(燃燈仏などを参照)。
- Fushin (普請) is from Buddhist terminology and the reading 'fushin' was introduced through Zen Buddhism, therefore To-on (Japanese reading of kanji [Chinese characters] imported from China by Zen priests) (唐音) is used (See Dipankara and similar works).
- 隣接するコマとの間の間隔(空白)に明らかな違いが設けられている場合、近いコマを次に読む。
- If there is a visible difference in the clearance from the neighboring frame, read the closer frame.
- 従って、基本的に教会堂で行われ、祈祷、聖書朗読、説教、賛美歌、祝福などにより構成される。
- Therefore, it is basically observed in a church and consists of prayers, reading of the Bible, a sermon, hymns, a blessing and so on.
- その年々の気候を思い返しながら、翌年に出回ってくる酒の値段を読むのも興味深いものがある。
- It is interesting to forecast the price of sake to be marketed in the coming year, remembering the climate of each year.
- 山車には、曳き山、舁き山などが含まれ、読みの意味から考えると山(置き山)なども含まれる。
- The term 'Dashi' includes Hikiyama (pulled-type float), Kakiyama (shouldered-type float) and other types of floats, while Okiyama (fixed-type float) may also be included in this category from the meaning of its kanji
- 「蛍の光、窓の雪、文読む月日重ねつつ、いつしか年も、杉の戸を開けてぞ今朝は、別れ行く。」
- While I spent much time reading books by the glow of fireflies and the reflection from the snow, outside the window, shined by moon light, time has passed. Today, I am going to leave here (the school) after opening the door of cedar.'
- 文人趣味では風光明媚な場所で思いのままに茶を喫し、漢詩を読んだり絵を描くのを興趣とした。
- In the literati culture, it was regarded as an artistically elegant by enjoying tea as one likes while reading Chinese-style poems or drawing pictures at places of scenic beauty.
- 土屋礼子は「非知識人層を読者対象とした小新聞に連なるニュース媒体であった」と位置づける。
- Reiko Tsuchiya positioned the nishiki-e-shinbun saying 'nishiki-e-shinbun was a news medium lining up next to the small-scale newspapers which were directed to non-intellectual people as their readers'.
- しかし、間の読みづらい「芙蓉蟹肉」がいつの間にか略されて「天津飯」となったと考えられる。
- However, the part 'Tianjin Fu Rong Xie (fried crab with egg white),' which was difficult to pronounce was somehow omitted and the name was changed to 'Tenshin-han.'
- その後、元慶元年(877年)の陽成天皇の践祚より回数を減じて、春秋の季御読経に改められた。
- It was performed less frequently later on due to Emperor Yozei taking the throne in 877, and Kinomidokyo came to be performed only during the spring and fall.
- 自序によれば、禁中における事物の名目(名称)の故実読みを後世に伝えるために撰述したという。
- According to the author's preface, the book was written to leave the traditional readings of myomoku (also referred to as meimoku; the appellations) of things and affairs in the Imperial Court to later generations.
- 四大節祝賀式典の際には、職員生徒全員で御真影に対しての最敬礼と教育勅語の奉読が求められた。
- In the four major festivals, all school staff and students were obliged to make a deep bow and read the Imperial Rescript on Education with respect.
- 後者は中国初の哲学史とも言うべき著作で、明代の儒学史研究において今でも必読書となっている。
- The latter book can be said to be the first book on the history of Chinese philosophy, and is still treated as a must for students of Ming-period Confucianism.
- 乱の後、「ち」が血に通じることを嫌って、一族は「ももち」の読みを「ももじ」に改めたという。
- After the battle, his family members changed the family name Momochi to Momoji, hating 'chi' sounds the same as blood in Japanese.
- 念人は歌をどれだけ高く評価し、その良さを引き出すことができるか、という読みの力を試される。
- The competency of Omoibito is assessed based on his/her interpretation skills: how highly he/she evaluates a poem and recognizes its true value.
- しかし、次第(四度加行や修法の方法などを記した書物)を読むだけでは、事相の習得は出来ない。
- However, the reading of the shidai (a book which the method of Shidokegyo or esoteric ritual written) alone does not complete training in each realm of the process.
- 試別火の期間中、本行に備えて法具を準備したり、夜は声明(節をつけて経を読む)の練習をする。
- During Koro Bekka, they prepare hogu (ritual implements) for hongyo and at night practice Shomyo (chanting of Buddhist hymns).
- 酒田市(山形県)には舞娘と書いてまいこと読む年少芸妓が居るが、衣装は京都の舞妓とは異なる。
- In Sakata City (Yamagata Prefecture) there are young geisha who are called Maiko, written as '舞娘,' but their costumes are different from those of Maiko in Kyoto.
- その中には、今日のわれわれから見ると字面だけでは何と読めば良いのか分らないようなものある。
- Some of them are too difficult for us, living in today's world, to read.
- 歌詞をその音楽と分けずに言及する言葉であり、朗読する詩歌に対して歌う詩歌を指す言葉である。
- It is a term that refers to lyrics and its music together, and the term of poetry for singing in contrast with poetry for reciting.
- その後、孫王は仏典をよく読みこなし「ちゑふかくおはしましけり」(『今鏡』)と評判になった。
- Subsequently, Sonno (grandson of the Emperor) read many Buddhist scriptures, and he was well known as 'a very smart child' ('Ima Kagami/The Mirror of the Present').
- しかし、別の資料によれば宮中では依然として「ごふかうさ」と読んでいたとされ、不審でもある。
- However, according to another source, the Emperor was still called 'Gofukausa' inside the Imperial Palace, and there is no proof of the above information.
- その様子は当日、ブログにおいても経過も含め時系列で報告されブログ読者の注目を大きく集めた。
- The scene was reported on the blog in time series and attracted the attention of blog readers.
- 16歳の時(1748年)江戸に商売の勉強の為に叔父の店で働くが、本を読めぬ生活を嫌い帰郷。
- He went to his uncle's store in Edo when he was 16 years old (1748) for the purpose of studying commerce, but he returned to his birthplace because he did not have any time to do reading and hated such life.
- だが、平安時代後期以後、紀伝道博士(文章博士)を世襲した大江氏・菅原氏が侍読の役を独占した。
- After the late Heian period, the Oe clan and the Sugawara clan monopolized the position of Jidoku with the hereditary title of Kidendo hakase (chief experts on the history of Japan and China) (Monjo hakase (professor of literature)).
- 奉行人が折紙に記した正月の神事などの議題3つを読み上げて将軍の決裁を得た後に、三献を開いた。
- After the Shogun passed his decision concerning three issues on the agenda such as divine services in the New Year which was recited by a bugyonin (a magistrate), and the sankon (three trays of drink and food) ceremony was conducted.
- この「やまたいこく」という読みであるが、これは二種の異なった体系の漢音と呉音を混用している。
- This reading of 'Yamataikoku' is mixed up with two kinds of different reading systems of Chinese characters, the Han reading and the Wu reading.
- 李氏朝鮮では庶民に対する教育をする機関がほぼなく、7割程度の朝鮮人が読み書きができなかった。
- Joseon Dynasty had no institution of education for common people, and about 70% Koreans were illiterate.
- 歌がるたともいわれる百人一首の場合、読み札には短歌が書かれ、取り札には下の句が書かれている。
- About 'hyakunin isshu' (one hundred Japanese poems by one hundred poets), which is also called 'uta garuta' (Japanese poem cards), a Japanese poem is written on yomifuda and the poem's latter half is written on 'torifuda' (picture cards for touching).
- 専門家の中でもわざわざ「ぎんじょうか」とルビを振り読者の注意を促す者もいるので注意を要する。
- We must be careful because even some specialists indicate reading it as 'ginjoka' purposely to ask the special care of readers.
- つまりは喜多流以外では主人公は「くまの」さんだと思われるが、ここでは音読みで「ゆや」と読む。
- Therefore, the main character's name is probably 'Kumano,' except in the Kita school, although it is called 'Yuya' based on on-yomi (Chinese reading of kanji) here.
- などの史料的根拠が指摘され、現在では「良」を「なが」と読むことに否定的な考えが示されている。
- Based on such evidence, current thought is negative regarding pronouncing the letter 良 as 'naga.'
- 篠原鋭一(曹洞宗住職)「在俗の説法者」(『みんなに読んでほしい本当の話』興山舎として書籍化)
- Eiichi SHINOHARA (the chief priest of Soto sect) 'Those who preach in secular lives' (published as the book 'True stories that I would like all people to read' by Kohzansha)
- 充分な供養を受けていない死体が化けたもので、経文読みを怠っている僧侶のもとに現れるともいう。
- It was the transformation of a corpse that did not receive a proper kuyo (a memorial service for the dead) and said to have appeared before a monk that failed in reading Buddhist manuscripts.
- 弁慶はたまたま持っていた巻物を勧進帳であるかのように装い、朗々と読み上げる(勧進帳読上げ)。
- Benkei takes up a scroll he had with him by chance, and, pretending it is a real kanjincho, he 'reads' it aloud sonorously (the Scene of Reading Kanjincho Aloud).
- これを吏読というが、原則として漢文の各分節の終わりにその要素を送りがなのように漢字で記した。
- This is called Rito, where in principle at the end of each segment of Chinese classics its elements were described in Chinese characters like okurigana (kana added to a Chinese character to show its pronunciation).
- 現代では、国語学において、漢字表記・読み・字体・用字など漢字の用法の知識を得るのに利用される。
- In modern times, the setsuyoshu has been utilized in the field of Japanese philology (linguistics) for the purpose of acquiring the knowledge about uses of kanji, such as writing, reading, forms and usage of kanji.
- 僧侶や武士や医師などが、庶民の子弟に読み書きそろばんや実務上の知識・技能を教育した施設をいう。
- Monks, bushi (samurai) and doctors taught reading, writing, soroban (using an abacus), and other practical knowledge and skills to children of ordinary citizens at these institutes.
- しかし陽明学では心以外の外的な権威を否定するため、もう読書などは不可欠なものとは認められない。
- In contrast, as Yomeigaku denies authorities outside of one's mind, reading is considered dispensable.
- 詔勅や表奏文を豊富に収録し、先例のできあがった慣行を記載するなど、読者たる官人の便宜を図った。
- Its substantial collections of imperial edicts and addresses made to the emperor as well as descriptions of the customary practices established by precedents accommodated the government officials at whom the text was aimed.
- - 蘇我蝦夷が雨乞いのため大乗経典を転読させたが、微雨のみで効果がなかったため29日にやめる。
- - SOGA no Emishi commissioned a reading of the Mahayana Sutra in order to encourage rain, but it had little effect and rained only slightly, causing him to stop the activity on July 29.
- 本姓による名乗りでは、姓と諱の間に氏への所属を意味する「の」を入れるのが原則的な読み方である。
- When one presented himself or herself by sei (or honsei, original name), the full name should be read by inserting 'no,' in between his or her sei (authentic surname) and imina (personal name), to indicate his belonging.
- 庶民の間では短編の読み物集である御伽草子が読まれ、狂言や小唄、幸若舞などの庶民芸能が流行する。
- Among the common people, otogizoshi (fairy-tales), collections of short tales, were available to be read, while Kyogen, kouta (ballads) and kowakamai (a type of dance) were all popular forms of entertainment for commoners.
- 一条天皇の源氏の物語の作者は日本紀をよく読んでいるという述懐により日本紀の御局と呼ばれたこと。
- Because of a remark made by Emperor Ichijo, it was revealed that the author of 'The Tale of Genji' eagerly read Nihongi (Six National Histories) and was called Nihongi no Otsubone (court lady of Nihongi).
- 第1期においては、『源氏物語』は上流下流を問わず貴族社会でおもしろい小説としてひろく読まれた。
- In the first term, 'The Tale of Genji' was widely read as an interesting novel by both the upper and lower classes in aristocratic society.
- 彼は16歳の時『明六雑誌』を読み、感動して高知から上京して定例演説会に足繁く通うほどであった。
- He read 'Meiroku Zasshi' when he was 16 years old and impressed so much as he frequently joined periodical speech meetings at Tokyo from Kochi Prefecture.
- この意見書を読んだ伊藤博文が「なまじ学のあるバカ程恐ろしいものはない」と述べたと言われている。
- It is said that Hirobumi ITO said, 'No idiot to the learned idiot' when he read this opinion.
- 例えば、経題の「大楽金剛不空真実三摩耶経」は「たいらきんこうふこうしんじさんまやけい」と読む。
- For example, the title of Buddhist scriptures '大楽金剛不空真実三摩耶経' is pronounced 'Taira kinko fuko shinji sanmaya kei.'
- 「○○国則宗」との銘がある(○内は判読不能。『享保名物牒』には「備前国則宗」と記されている)。
- It is inscribed as 'OO国則宗' (Norimune in OO) (inside of OO illegible. In 'Kyoho Meibutsucho' (Catalogue of famous things compiled in the Kyoho era), it is recorded as 'Bizen no kuni Norimune' (Norimune in Bizen Province)).
- 以上、後醍醐の皇子を祭神とする4つの神社においては、いずれも「良」の字を「なが」と読んでいる。
- In conclusion, all of the four shrines where the princes of Emperor Go-Daigo are enshrined as deities adopt the reading 'naga' for the letter 良.
- 2000年の『浮世絵春画を読む』以来、田中優子との協同作業で春画や近世遊里に関する著作が多い。
- With the 'Ukiyoe Shunga o Yomu' (A reading of erotic Ukiyoe) published in 2000 as a beginning, he has written many books on Shunga (erotic Ukiyoe) and a red-light district of the early-modern period in collaboration with Yuko TANAKA.
- 焼失した東大寺再建のための勧進を行っていると弁慶が言うと、富樫は勧進帳を読んでみるよう命じる。
- When Benkei tells Togashi that they are on the road soliciting contributions to reconstruct the burned-down Todai-ji Temple, Togashi orders him to read out the kanjincho, the statement for donation.
- これが「ムメ」のように表記され、さらに読まれることで/mume/となり/ume/へと転訛する。
- This was written as 'ンメ' (nme) and changed to mume and to ume over time.
- 朱子は読書・修養によって聖人の高みに至るとしたが、その筆頭に置かれた「格物致知」に根拠を求めた。
- Zhu Xi said that a person reached the level of sage through reading and self-cultivation, and sought the basis of this in 'kakubutsu chichi,' the top items among the eight.
- 「嘉辰」は朗詠の代表的な楽曲で、「嘉辰」以外は歌詞を訓読するが、「嘉辰」のみはすべて音読された。
- The songs 'Kashin' (lucky day) are representative of Roei; songs other than 'Kashin' were read in kundoku (reading Chinese texts as Japanese texts), while 'Kashin' was read in ondoku (Chinese reading of kanji).
- 15世紀に「だて」という読み方が畿内で登場し、江戸時代を通じて「いだて」と「だて」が混用された。
- In the 15th century, a reading of 'Date' was first introduced in the Kinai region, and since then, both 'Idate' and 'Date' were used to refer to the same kanji characters throughout the Edo Period.
- そのため、もはや印文がごちゃごちゃとして読めないという、印としては形骸化した存在となっていった。
- Kujo seals lost their original function as a seal since the words and symbols engraved on them could not be easily read anymore.
- 幼少の頃より、当時の女性に求められる以上の才能で漢文を読みこなしたなど、才女としての逸話が多い。
- There are many anecdotes stating that, since her childhood, she had had more talent for reading Chinese classics than women were required to have in those days.
- 70歳を越えた老僧が老眼鏡も無い時代に苦労して書写した写本であり、解読に困難な文字が少なくない。
- As a monk more than 70 years-old labored to make this manuscript in an age without reading glasses, there are quite a few letters that are hard to decipher.
- そこで、旧法、現行法及び慣習法の読み方によって、東京(東京都)を唯一の首都と解さない論者もいる。
- Therefore, some advocates do not take Tokyo as the only capital of Japan by interpreting the difference between old laws, existing laws and common laws.
- これが同じ読み方の「温飩」(ウントン)という表記になり、これが「饂飩」(ウドン)となったという。
- The Chinese characters '餫飩' were later replaced by '温飩' with the same pronunciation 'Unton,' which is believed to be the origin of '饂飩' (pronounced 'Udon').
- したがって身・口・意で法華経の底に沈められた内証・妙法蓮華経の五字を読んでいくことであるとする。
- As a result, Gensho is regarded as the reciting of Myo, Ho, Ren, Ge, and Kyo with one's body, mouth, and will, which is the Naisho (inner realization) sunk under Hokekyo.
- 菅原道真がモデル(歴史上の「丞相」は「じょうしょう」と読むが、本作では「しょうじょう」という)。
- SUGAWARA no Michizane was his model (in history, '丞相' (Chancellor) was pronounced as 'Josho' but the work called it as 'Shojo').
- 桂離宮の近くの西京区松室には月読神社があり、桂の地名も中国語の「月桂」の故事から来ているという。
- There is Tsukiyomi-jinja Shrine in Matsumuro Nishikyo Ward near Katsura Rikyu, the name of Katsura came from the Chinese historical event, 'Gekkei (The Katsura tree on the moon).'
- 2月25日を持って漁協での捜索を打ち切り、浦終いとして読経や海への献花などの儀式が執り行われた。
- When the fishermen's association gave up the search on February 25, ceremonies such as reciting Buddhist sutras and offering of flowers were conducted as urajimai.
- 源氏の新田氏流を自称していた家康は頼朝を崇拝しており、吾妻鏡を読み頼朝の行動を学んだといわれる。
- Ieyasu TOKUGAWA worshiped Yoritomo, professing himself as part of the Nitta clan group of the Minamoto clan, and it is said that he learnt about Yoritomo's activities by reading 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East).
- なお、大牟礼山/大村山は「おおむれさん」と読み、大内軍の陣があったことから戦闘名としても使われる。
- 大牟礼山 and 大村山 (Mt. Omure) read 'Omure san', which was also used as the battle name because the OUCHI army pitched camp there.
- その後、史が読み上げて(結申(かたねもうす))、更に弁官が政に取り上げるべき文書を確認して終わる。
- After the Shi reads out the document (called Katanemosu), then the Benkan confirm the documents that should be taken up to the Sei and the meeting ends.
- 同月27日の即位の礼当日は、宣明使が宣明を読み上げ、参列者中筆頭位の者が寿詞を読、古歌を歌われた。
- On the 27th of the same month, the day of Sokui no rei, a proclaimer read out the manifesto, and highest ranked attendant offered congratulations and recited an old poem.
- 童心とは経書など外的権威・道徳を学ぶ以前の純真な心を指し、読書学問によってかえって失われるとした。
- The child's mind is the pure mind before learning about morals and external authorities such as the Classics, and he said this is lost through reading and learning.
- 「魏志倭人伝」を読む限り、邪馬台国は伊都国や奴国といった北九州の国より南にあったように読めること。
- Taking 'Gishiwajinden' by itself, it can be inferred that Yamatai existed to the south of the states in northern Kyushu, such as Ito and Na.
- 例えば呉音ではヤマダイ又はヤメダイ、漢音ではヤバタイとなることから、必ずしも正確な読み方ではない。
- It is not the right way to read because, for example, it would be Yamadai or Yamedai if it was read all in the Wu reading, and it would be Yabatai in the Han reading.
- 原型は室町後期と目され、日本古典文学大系などが出版される前は、もっとも広く読まれていた系統である。
- The original form seems to have been completed during the late Muromachi period, and it was read most widely before 'Complete Works of Japanese Classic Literature' and others were published.
- 石川麻呂が表文を読み進めるが子麻呂らは現れない、恐怖のあまり全身汗にまみれ、声が乱れ、手が震えた。
- As ISHIKAWA no Maro carried on reading the memorials, he began sweating and his voice and hands started shaking since Komaro did not show up.
- 『万国公法』は開成所で刊行された後も諸藩で訓読本や和訳本など、様々なバージョンが翻刻されていった。
- After the publication of Kaiseijo version 'Bankoku Koho,' other versions of books with guiding marks for rendering Chinese into Japanese or translations were reprinted in domains.
- コマに番号が振られている場合(一部の4コマ漫画や初期の漫画などに見られる)は、番号順に読み進める。
- If the frames are numbered (found in some four-frame cartoon and early comics), read in numerical order.
- 中権本:不明瞭ながら500字が読み取れる最多字数の拓本で、法書としてこの拓本がよく取り上げられる。
- Zhong-quan copy: This copy includes the largest number of characters from which 500 characters are able to be read through, but they are not clear, and this copy is often featured as fa-shu.
- なお、蕎麦の2字で「そば」と読むようになった初出は南北朝時代 (日本)に書かれた『拾芥抄』である。
- Soba written with 2 kanji characters, 蕎麦 (meaning soba mugi or buckwheat) as it is today first appeared in 'Shugaisho' (Compendium of fragments, attributed to Kinkata TOIN) written in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 「百年の後知音を俟て是を悟らしめんとす」という馬琴の言葉には、多くの読者や研究者が魅了されてきた。
- A lot of readers and researchers have been mesmerized by Bakin's remark, 'Let those who truly understand me realize such nuances 100 years later.'
- 陽明学にあって聖人となれる可能性があるのは、読書人のみならず普通の庶民にも十分あるとされるのである。
- In Yomeigaku, not only great readers but also ordinary citizens are considered to have a good chance of becoming sages.
- ③大谷・増田の箇所は宮本氏の誤読であり、二人が上杉の上洛問題に関わることと三成の挙兵とは関係はない。
- (3) Mr. Miyamoto misread the part of Otani and Mashita, and the matter of the two being involved with Uesugi's ascension to Kyoto was unrelated to the raising of an army by Mitsunari.
- なお、明治天皇の言葉といっても、天皇自身が声に出した言葉ではなく、実際には三条実美が読み上げている。
- The Emperor Meiji didn't actually read out these sentences but Sanetomi SANJO read out in behalf of the Emperor.
- この状況を打破するために、重源は伊勢に参り、一団を引きつれ、大般若経の書写、転読供養と奉納を行った。
- To break through this stagnant situation, Chogen visited Ise Shrine with his colleagues to transcribe the Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra for the service, to skim through the sutra aloud and show their dedication.
- なぜ「平城」を「なら」と読むのかは諸説あるが、一番有力とされているのは「平坦な都」という意味である。
- Although there are many various theories as to why '平城' was pronounced as 'Nara,' one well accepted theory states that it came from the meaning 'flat city.'
- 当時は義務教育も普及しておらず、大部分の民衆は文字を書くことはおろか、新聞も読むことが出来なかった。
- In those days, compulsory education was not spreading enough, and most people were unable to write letters, much less to read newspaper.
- 寺子屋は、今日の小学校のように7~8歳前後で入学し、入学後3年から5年程度の間で読書算を習得させた。
- Children were enrolled in terakoya at around their age of 7 or 8, as what elementary school is today, and learned reading and arithmetic for 3 to 5 years.
- 集慶が声をひそめて「青衣の女人(しょうえのにょにん)」と読み上げると女は満足したように消えていった。
- Jukei read 'Shoe no nyonin (a lady wearing a blue cloth)' between his teeth and then she disappeared contentedly.
- 現代日本では、花札か、後述する読み札にあわせた絵札をとってその枚数を競う競技を意味するようになった。
- In present Japan, karuta means 'hanafuda' (cards with a printed picture of a flower), or the game mentioned below in which players compete for accumulating the most number of picture cards corresponding to 'yomifuda' (cards for calling).
- それぞれ伊勢国(読み人不明)、志摩国(大伴)、淡路国(山部)など、その土地を賛美した歌となっている。
- Each poem admired the land of Ise Province (anonymous), Shima Province (written by OTOMO no Yakamochi), and Awaji Province (written by YAMABE no Akahito).
- この名の正式な読みかたは今もって不明であるが、角田文衞の説によりノリコとするのが一般的であるようだ。
- The official pronunciation of this name is unknown, but it seems to be 'Noriko' in general according to the theory of Bunei TSUNODA.
- 現在では作者名をはぶき、最後まで読んでしまう(なかなか取り手が取れない場合には下の句を繰りかえす)。
- At present, the yomi-te usually doesn't read the names of poets while reading the whole tanka, and when the tori-te can't find the tori-fuda, the yomi-te even repeats the shimo-no-ku.
- 彼にいたって、朱子学が唱えた読書による人欲の排除といった理学の基本概念とは全く正反対の主張がなされた。
- Unlike his predecessors, Li Zhuowu advocated an idea that was completely opposite to the basic concept of rigaku advocated by Shushigaku to remove desire by reading.
- ただ読書などにかまける時間が多くの人々にあるはずもなく、実際にはその道は閉ざされたままだったといえる。
- But as most people did not have much time to spend on reading, this way to becoming a sage was virtually closed to them.
- 読み書きを中心とした寺子屋や郷校が城下町のみならず農村部にも建てられたため、日本人の識字率は高かった。
- The literacy rate among the Japanese was high, because private elementary schools (terakoya) and village schools, where reading and writing was mainly taught, were established not only in castle towns but also in agricultural communities.
- この事実を知っていたからこそ、紀貫之は敢えてこれを 隠し、「題知らず」「読人知らず」の形での掲載した。
- As KI no Tsurayuki knew this fact, he suppressed it and inserted the waka as 'title not known' and 'author not known'.
- 源順編纂の『和名類聚抄』によれば馳射は「於无毛乃以流(おむものいる)」と読む。これは追物射を意味する。
- According to 'Wamyo Ruijusho' (dictionary of Japanese names) by MINAMOTO no Shitagau, 'haseyumi' (馳射) is pronounced 'omumonoiru.'
- 『雨月物語』(うげつものがたり)は、上田秋成によって江戸時代後期に著わされた読本(よみほん)の代表作。
- 'Ugetsu Monogatari' is a representative yomihon (book for reading) written by Akinari UEDA at the end of the Edo era.
- ちなみに、小説家の清水義範は、小説中の文学探偵が「脱亜論」を読んだ感想として、次のように語らせている。
- A novelist Yoshinori SHIMIZU let the literature detective in his novel talk about the 'Datsu-A Ron' after reading it as follows:
- また、5合は2分の1升にあたるため、「二升五合」を「ますますはんじょう(益々繁盛)」と判じ読みを行う。
- 5 go is equal to a half of 1 sho (reads as 'hanjo' in Japanese), so Japanese people use this and pose a riddle how to read '2 masu 5 go,' and the answer is 'masu masu hanjo' (means 'more and more prosperous').
- 『富嶽三十六景 礫川 雪ノ旦』 :「ふがく-さんじゅうろっけい こいしかわ ゆき-の-あした」と読む。
- 'Thirty-six Sceneries of Mt. Fuji, Koishikawa Yuki no Ashita.'
- 寺子屋や藩校の普及により読み書き算盤が広く浸透し、幕府奨励の儒学のほかに本草学などの自然科学が育った。
- Due to the spread of Terakoya (Temple elementary schools during the Edo period) and Hanko (a domain school), reading, writing and arithmetic penetrated widely, and in addition to Confucianism recommended by the bakufu, natural science including herbalism developed.
- 「くく」という読みに「八十一」という漢字が当てられており、すでに九九が日本で知られていたことがわかる。
- For the word 'kuku' (homonymous with '9x9'), the kanji characters of '八十一,' that denotes '81,' were used, indicating that multiplication tables were already known in Japan at that time.
- 紙と鉛筆さえあれば漫画を描くことは可能であるが、一般的に読まれるものは様々な画材を用いて描かれている。
- Although it is possible to draw comics with just paper and a pencil, generally-read comics are painted with various painting tools.
- また、経典を読まず学問もしない者は往生出来ないとするのも、阿弥陀仏の本願を無視するものだと論じている。
- In addition, he said that the priests saying that people could not reach Ojo without reading and studying Buddhist sculptures did not understand the original vow of Amida-butsu.
- 「わび茶」の発生はこのような時代相を背景としており、同書からは生々しくその空気を読み取ることができる。
- Such social climate contributed to the emergence of 'wabicha', and the book vividly conveys the atmosphere at the time.
- 史実に取材することがあっても基本的にフィクションであり、勧善懲悪思想などを中心に据えた読み物であった。
- Yomihon books were considered fiction even when the subject was based on historical events as they were fundamentally story-books with themes on good-versus-evil.
- 洗練されたカラー印刷を生かした美術書が読者のニーズをつかみ一世を風靡したが、1999年6月に倒産した。
- The art books, which made use of refined color printing, met the needs of the readers and became the rage of the times, but the company went bankrupt in June 1999.
- 従来は、琵琶法師によって広められた語り本系を読み物として見せるために加筆されていったと解釈されてきた。
- In the past, it had been considered that kataribon group spread by a biwa-playing minstrel was added in order to change it into a reading material.
- 昼に一日の仕事を終えてから夜に祈祷し、聖書を読み、他の侍女や家臣たちをキリスト教信仰に導いたとされる。
- It is said that after work, she prayed, read the Bible and missionized her colleague maids and other vassals at night.
- 成人後には天皇の場合には文章博士などが侍読を務め、摂関家でも著名な学者を家司などに任じて侍読役を務めた。
- Emperors upon reaching adulthood were appointed Professors of Monjodo (Department of Chinese poetry and history), and regent families to an emperor were appointed famous scholars as Keishi to work as court scholars.
- 皇太子は、東宮、春宮、または、太子と表記され、「とうぐう」「ひつぎのみこ」「はるのみや」などと読まれた。
- Crown prince is represented as 東宮 (Togu), 春宮 (Hitsuginomiko) or 太子 (Taishi).
- 彼が翻訳者であったという幸運もあって、源氏物語は多くの読者を持つことなり、当時の文学界の話題ともなった。
- Thanks to his translation, 'The Tale of Genji' became popular among readers, and in the process it became a topic of discussion in literary circles.
- 当時の京都には富を蓄積した商人、五山版以来の職人、読者層が存在していたことが嵯峨本が生まれた背景である。
- Behind the birth of the Sagabon lay the fact that in Kyoto at the time there was already an existing base of readers in the form of a merchant class with accumulated wealth, and craftsmen from the Gozanban (Five Mountains Editions).
- 読史余論,讀史餘論(とくし・よろん)は、江戸時代の学者・政治家である新井白石が著した、日本政治史・史論。
- Tokushi Yoron (Lessons from History) is a political history of Japan and historical essay written by Hakuseki ARAI, a scholar and politician of the Edo period.
- 2005年11月 うずらっぱ (Beepa) により石田彰を読み手として「菊花の約」が朗読CD化された。
- In November 2005, 'The Chrysanthemum Vow' was adapted for a recitation CD read by Akira ISHIDA and produced by U-zra8 (Beepa).
- 律令の条文を丹念に読んでみると、活用可能な耕地は最大限に活用する、という趣旨をくみ取ることも可能である。
- When one reads the articles of the Ritsuryo Codes carefully, one may be able to understand the purpose of making the most use of cultivated land that were available.
- 良蔵の死後の1831年(天保2年)に、この古文書は府内の国学者・幸松葉枝尺の手に渡り、解読が進められた。
- In 1831, after the death of Ryozo, the ancient document was passed on to Haesaka SACHIMATSU, a scholar of Japanese classical literature in Kyoto, and decipherment was done.
- 2004年には、これらのことを紹介した児童書が小学生高学年向けの読書感想文コンクール課題図書ともなった。
- In 2004, a children book that introduced the incident was designated as a book on which fifth and sixth grade elementary school pupils were assigned to write book reports for a writing competition.
- このため、素読から始まった詩吟も、精神面に加え、今日ではアクセントや音楽性が重視されるようになっている。
- For this reason, shigin which started from reading without comprehending has now come to emphasize the accent or melody as well as spiritual aspect.
- ただ民俗学においては、柳田が目指した過去・現在の比較から未来を読みとくという通時的分析を志向しなかった。
- However, in folklore, it did not tend toward Yanagida's aim, which was the diachronic analysis of understanding the future based on the comparison between the past and the present.
- 御嶽教、扶桑教、実行教、丸山教などが主で、不動尊の真言や般若心経の読誦など神仏習合時代の名残も見られる。
- These Shinto sects were mainly Ontake-kyo, Fuso-Kyo, Jikko-Kyo, and Maruyama-Kyo, and some remnants from the period when Buddhism and Shintoism were syncretized, such as the chanting of mantras of Fudo-son and chanting of Hannya Shingyo (Heart Sutra), are still observed.
- ただし、農林業センサスの記録からは月ヶ瀬梅渓保勝会の管理対象に農業用梅林が含まれるか否かは読み取れない。
- However, the records of the Census of Agriculture and Forestry do not indicate whether or not the plum-tree protection by Tsukigase Baikei Hoshokai extends to these agricultural plum fields.
- 「捔力」(『日本書紀』)、「角觝」(江戸時代において一部で使用)と表記され、いずれも読みはすもうである。
- The term was written as '捔力' (seen in 'Nihonshoki') or '角觝' (some people used this in the Edo period) in Japanese, and both were pronounced as sumo.
- ましてや古代中国の『三国志(魏志倭人伝)』が記された時代に、どう読まれていたかも正確なところは不明である。
- Furthermore, it is unclear how it was read at the time when the ancient Chinese 'Sanguo Zhi' (History of the Three Kingdoms) (Gishiwajinden) was written.
- オーストラリアの2例は溝部をもつ例として報告されているが、石器実測図からは研磨部分を読み取ることは難しい。
- Although the two examples found in Australia were reported to have grooves, it is difficult to identify the ground facets from the measurement chart of the stone tools.
- 中国文明の影響を脱すること、文字を簡単にして読めない人を無くし文明化をはたすというのが、その理由であった。
- The reasons for this were to escape from an influence of Chinese civilization and to achieve civilization by changing characters more simple for all people to be able to read.
- 京都では女性の専業であり、髪文字屋(「かもじや」と読み、付け毛製作販売業)に買い取った髪の毛を卸していた。
- In Kyoto, ochi-gai was exclusively women's work and they sold the purchased hairs wholesale to wig makers and sellers.
- もとの名を「太平総類」というが、太宗 (宋)が毎晩3巻ずつを閲読していたことから、今名に改められたという。
- Although its original name was '太平総類,' as Song Taizong (Song Dynasty) read three volumes every night, the name was changed to the current one.
- 日本のものは「せ」、中国のものは「ほ」と読み、同じ字を使うがその値や成り立ちが異なり、全く別のものである。
- Though using the same Chinese character (畝), the Japanese unit and the Chinese unit are completely different in reading ('se' in Japanese and 'ho' in Chinese), in size, and in origin.
- 「三十年来一夢中 捨レ身取レ義夢尚同 双親臥レ病故郷在 取レ義捨レ恩夢共空」(「レ」は漢詩文訓読の返り点)
- I have been following my dream for thirty years, so dedicating myself to honor is exactly what I have been dreaming of, but as my parents are ill and bedridden, it would be vain to neglect my debt of gratitude and grasp at my dream.'
- 「膾(音読みで「カイ」)」は本来、古代中国において、切り分けた獣肉に調味料を合わせて生食する料理を指した。
- 膾 ('kai' in a Chinese reading)' originally referred to the dish which was made by cutting the raw animal meat out and mixing it with seasonings.
- 1から転じて、仏教における葬送儀礼の1つで、葬儀において僧侶が死者に対して読経を行った後に読誦される法語。
- Indo has expanded in meaning to be a Buddhist word that also describes the prayers a monk says to the dead after reading the sutra, which is one of the rituals performed at Buddhist funerals.
- 一般には、それらを全て読破することは勿論、ましてや全ての意味を正確に理解することなどはきわめて困難である。
- Generally, it is very difficult to read all of them and understood all the meaning correctly.
- 辛うじて読める文字には「封」・「封信」・「平安家書」などのような書信に関係するものから遊印などが見られる。
- Barely readable characters includes those relate to letters such as '封,' '封信,' and '平安家書,' and Yuin (seal carved favorite words or phrases.)
- 当初は「きっきょう」というルビがふられていたが、お客が「きっちょう」と読んだために「きっちょう」となった。
- At first, kana, 'Kikkyo,' was given alongside the Chinese characters; however, since guests pronounced the name as 'Kitcho,' the name was changed to 'Kitcho.'
- また、孫の坂東三津五郎 (10代目)の回想によると、八代目三津五郎は、読書家・博識家としても知られていた。
- According to his grandson, Mitsugoro BANDO (the 10th), Mitsugoro the 8th was known as a knowledgeable man who loved to read.
- 『古事記』(711年)では、日本語の発音を表現するために、漢字の音と訓を交えて読ませる工夫が施されている。
- In the 'Kojiki' (completed in 711), to record the pronunciation of Japanese language using Chinese characters, Chinese characters were read in the original Chinese pronunciations (On) or in the pronunciations of the corresponding Japanese words (Kun).
- しかし、六壬神課についての知識がないと、読み下すことはできたとしても、内容を理解することはほぼ不可能に近い。
- However, the contents are difficult to understand for persons who don't have knowledge about Rikujinshinka even though they can read it.
- また『日本書紀』では、諱を勾大兄皇子(まがりのおおえのみこ)としている(‘まがりのおいねのみこ’とも読む)。
- In 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), his posthumous name was referred as Magari no Oe no Miko (It was also called 'Magari no Oine no Miko').
- 当初、玄白と淳庵はオランダ語を読めず、オランダ語の知識のある良沢も、翻訳を行うには不十分な語彙しかなかった。
- At the beginning, both Genpaku SUGITA and Junan NAKAGAWA were unable to read the Dutch language, and even Ryotaku MAENO's Dutch vocabulary was not enough for translation.
- 甲賀は本来「こうか」と読み、地名に因る名称であるが、忍術に関してのみ「こうが」との誤読が一般的となっている。
- Koga, originally pronounced 'Koka,' is a toponym, but only when referring to the ninjutsu, the mistakenly pronounced 'Koga' has become common.
- ただ、長官の決裁を得るときは主典が口頭で文案を読み上げる(読申公文)こととされていた点に唐との違いがあった。
- One point different from Tang was that Sakan was supposed to read the draft orally (dokushin kobun) when seeking the approval of Kami.
- 眼の中ほどにかすかに瞳らしきものが描かれたり、眼の傾きによって人物の心理、表情を読み取らせたりする例もある。
- Sometimes, what looks like pupils may be faintly drawn in the eyes; the eyes may be tilted to in a manner to hint at the state of mind and the facial expression of the subject.
- なお仏教の「九品」の場合は「くほん」と濁らずに読むが、「上品・下品」などは「じょうぼん・げぼん」と連濁する。
- Additionally, in Buddhism, '九品' is read 'kuhon', which does not contain dull sounds, but '上品・下品'is read 'jobon, gebon', both of which contains them.
- プロジェクトが停滞する要所でたびたび登場し、資金援助や暗号キーの解読などによりその後の物語を急展開へと導く。
- He appears from time to time in key points when the project is set back and leads the story to rapid development through his funding and decipherment of an encryption key.
- しかし、本件を期に読者コメントは“承認制”という形式となり、元彌が自己チェックを行いコメントを掲載している。
- Due to the above incident, however, he adopted an 'approval system' for readers' comments, and currently he posts readers' comments after his examination.
- 八代国治はそれを評して「叙事は平凡にして、文章も流暢ならず、日記を読むが如く無味乾燥にして興味少なし」という。
- Kuniji YASHIRO commented, 'the description is mediocre, and the writing lacks fluency, so it is as monotonous as reading a mere diary.'
- つまり、『世間猿』と『妾形気』の浮世草子二作品と、『雨月物語』という読本作品は連続したもの、という考えである。
- In short, these two Ukiyo zoshi works, 'Sekenzaru' and 'Tekake katagi,' and the Yomihon 'Tales of Moonlight and Rain' were series.
- これらの言葉は初編からの引用であるが、虚実渦巻く理想と現実の境を学問によって黎明するといった意図が読み取れる。
- Those passages are included in the first edition, and we can understand his intention to clarify complicated boundaries between the ideal and real worlds.
- 「氏姓の制(ウヂ・カバネのせい)」ともいい、「氏(ウヂ)・姓(カバネ)」を音読して「氏姓(しせい)」ともいう。
- It is also called 'Uji Kabane no Sei' (System of Uji and Kabane); 'Shisei' is the Chinese style reading of the same kanji ('on' reading).
- 'しがらきぐうし'であれば「紫香楽宮阯」と書くべきだが、紫香楽宮跡で'しがらきぐうし'と読むことになっている。
- 'Shiragakigushi' must be indicated as '紫香楽宮阯', however '紫香楽宮跡' is used as its indication and also is read as 'Shiragakigushi' irregularly.
- ところによっては、仏教による読経や法話も行われることがあるが、おおむねそれらの多くの子供達に向けたものである。
- There is sutra chanting or Buddhist sermons held in different places, but they are held for children most of the time.
- 雑誌を読まなくなりメディアミックスで作品を知るケースが増えたため、単行本の売上は維持されているといわれている。
- It is said that people lost interest in reading magazines but they often learn a work through media franchise, thus the sales of comic books are maintained.
- なお“枉死”は、『後漢書』天文志下などにも、その用法があり、和語で言われる「横様の死」は、横死の訓読語になる。
- Also, 'oshi' (枉死, unnatural death) is used in Tenmonshige (astronomical reports in China) in 'Gokanjo' (History of the Later Han Dynasty), and so on, while 'yokosama no shi' (横様の死, unnatural death) used as Wago (words of Japanese origin) corresponds to oshi (横死) when it is read in the 'kun' or Japanese reading.
- 10世紀頃には宮中行事とは別に太上天皇や東宮(皇太子)、皇后などの主催でも私的に季御読経が催されるようになった。
- By the tenth century, aside from court functions, Kinomidokyo came to be held privately and hosted by the Daijo Tenno (Retired Emperor), the Togu (Crown Prince) or the Kogo (Empress).
- 私鋳銭は、一部が欠落したもの、穴が開いていないもの、字が潰れて判読できないものなど、非常に粗悪なものが多かった。
- The quality of Shichusen was often very poor, for example part of the detail was often missing, it had no hole, and the letters on it were impossible to read.
- しかしその弟子、就中高弟と言われる者でも生涯に読んだ経書は四書だけといわれる人が陽明学派から出てくるようになる。
- But it is said that the Four Books were the only Classics some of even his best disciples from the Yomeigaku school read during their lifetime.
- 古代の蝦夷ははじめ「毛人」と書いて「えみし」あるいは「えびす」と読み、7世紀から「蝦夷」と書かれるようになった。
- In ancient times, Ezo was written as '毛人' and read as 'Emishi' or 'Ebisu,' but from the seventh century onward, it was written as '蝦夷.'
- 職事公卿は改めて1通ずつ読み上げ、天皇はその1つ1つに裁可を与えるか否か、あるいは先例を勘申させるかを勅裁した。
- Shikiji-kugyo (high-ranked nobles engaged in submission of reports to the Emperor) would read aloud each sobun (a report to the Emperor) one by one, to which the Emperor gave his decision to approve them or not, or to request for a report from specialists concerning relevant precedents.
- 平安時代には「陶器」と書いて「すえもの」「すえうつわもの」と読まれていたが、それが古墳時代に遡るかはわからない。
- The kanji for earthenware '陶器' was read 'Suemono' or 'Sueutsuwamono' during Heian period but it is unknown that it goes back to the Kofun period.
- 開成所版は漢語訳版に訓点を設けただけであったが、それを和訳(仮名文)することでより読みやすくしたのが本書である。
- This book was translated version of Kaiseijo version (written in kana [the Japanese syllabary characters]), which had guiding marks for rendering Chinese into Japanese for convenience in reading.
- しかしこの改革によって好色画・好色本が禁圧され人情本が衰退すると、人情本の読者が合巻に流れて刊行点数が増大した。
- However, due to these reforms, lewd images and erotic books were banned and, together with the decline of novels, the readers of novels switched over to 'Gokan' picture books leading to an increase in the number of titles published.
- 後勁本:先鋒本・中権本とともに明時代の金石家だった安国のコレクションで、497字が読め、法書としてよく供される。
- Hou-qing copy: This copy was a part of the collection by An-guo who was a epigrapher in the Ming period together with the Xian-feng copy and the Zhong-quan copy, and 497 characters are able to be read from this copy and this copy is often used as fa-shu.
- 「婬行(あるいは媱行)」の部分について、通説では「婬行」と読んで「性的にしまりがなかった女性」とするものが多い。
- In common view, 婬行 (Inko) or (媱行) is pronounced as Inco, and often means a woman who does not have strict sexual morals.
- 他にも『花園天皇宸記』と言う日記を残したり、読経・念仏を欠かさなかったなど、文人肌で信心深かったと言われている。
- He also wrote his diary called 'The diary of the Emperor Hanazono' (Shinki), and he often practiced sutra-chanting and Buddhist invocation, it is said he was well acquainted with the literature and was a religious person.
- しかしやがてそれらの小説を実用目的ではなく楽しみとして読むものが現れ、影響を受けた創作や翻訳を行うものが現れた。
- In the course of time, some people started to read these novels not only for the practical purpose but for pleasure, and some also started to translate them and write stories under their influence.
- この二つの文章から再構成された宣長と真淵との出会いは、「松阪の一夜」として戦前期の『小学国語読本』に掲載された。
- The Norinaga's encounter with Mabuchi, which was reconstructed based on these two essays, was called 'A Night in Matsuzaka' and appeared in the Elementary School Japanese Reader 'Shogaku kokugo tokuhon' used in the pre-war era.
- 荘園絵図を読み解くことは歴史地理学や地図学、歴史学における日本古代・中世史の研究手法の一つであり、研究主題である。
- Close analysis of the shoenezu is not only one of the researching methods but also the subject of research for the ancient and medieval history of Japan in the category of historical geography, cartography and history.
- 数々の投書にある署名からして、官吏や学生、書生、村役人、旧士族、豪農、豪商など知識人層に読まれていたことが分かる。
- Signatures on some letters show that it was read by intellectuals such as government official, students, shosei (a student who is given room and board in exchange for performing domestic duties), village officer, former warrior class, wealthy farmer and wealthy merchants.
- Sierra社のゲーム、「Swat 2」には、「バショー」と名乗り英語のヘンな俳句を読むテロ組織の黒幕が登場する。
- In a game from Sierra, 'Swat 2,' a backroom manipulator of a terrorist organization who identify himself as 'Basho' and composes strange haiku (Japanese poems) in English.
- 当時から謀反・謀叛・大逆の語には混用があり、平安時代後期になると謀叛と謀反はともに「むほん」と読む同義語になった。
- '謀反', '謀叛', and 'taigyaku' had been confused since then, and in the late Heian Period, '謀叛 ' and '謀反' became synonyms both pronounced 'muhon'.
- (好太王碑 最古の拓本発見 旧日本陸軍入手のものと一致 「改竄論争に終止符」読売新聞 2006年4月12日12面)
- (Inscription on the Gwanggaeto Stele; the oldest engraved print found; it is identical to the one retrieved by the old Imperial Japanese Army; 'Put a period to the Debate about the Alteration'; the Yomiuri Shimbun, April 12, 2006, page 12.)
- 宝物を奉り宣命の文を読もうとした時、神が禰宜の辛嶋勝与曽女(からしまのすぐりよそめ)に託宣、宣命を訊くことを拒む。
- After dedicating a treasure, Kiyomaro tried to read the Imperial edict in which the Empress requested the god to reveal an oracle; then, the god revealed his oracle through the Shinto priestess, KARASHIMA no Suguriyosome and rejected to listen to the Imperial edict.
- 宗教に依存しないと言っても、仏式における読経の部分をなくし、通夜、告別式等は通常通りに行なわれるだけの場合もある。
- Regardless of their independence of religions, some funerals are conducted in a way where Tsuya, kokubetsushiki, and so on are observed as usual, only without the part of Dokyo (sutra-chanting) of a Buddhist funeral.
- 歩射(ぶしゃ・かちゆみ・「ほしゃ」は正式な読みではない)とは騎射に対しての用語で、騎乗せずに地面に立って行う弓射。
- Busha, Kachiyumi ('Hosha' is not an official reading) is a term against Kisha and is a style of Yumiire done while walking rather than on horseback.
- また、二幕目の丑右衛門と花子の駕籠をかついでの花道の引っ込みは『於染久松色読販』(お染の七役)を下敷きにしたもの。
- The scene that Ushiemon and Hanako carried in palanquins exit through hanamichi (the passage through audience to stage) in the second act is based on 'Osome Hisamatsu ukina no yomiuri' (also known as 'Osome no Nanayaku' [seven roles of Osome]).
- ただし、中庸は黄泉国は空に浮かぶ月のことであり、その世界は須佐之男命(月読命と同神だという)が治めていると考えた。
- However Nakatsune stated that the land of dead is the moon and the world is ruled by Susanoo no mikoto (same as Tsukuyomi no mikoto)
- まれに、1.に引きずられ「ずりょう」と読む人があるが、一般に用いられる「じゅりょう」と読み分ける必要性も根拠もない。
- While some people read it as 'zuryo', influenced by the reading of the number 1 above, there is no need or reason to be distinguished from the common reading 'juryo'.
- 地元以外からは、愛知県などが属する中京圏と同じように「ちゅうきょう」と読まれたり、「中央区」と誤記されることも多い。
- Nakagyo Ward (中京区) is often mispronounced by people other than local residents as 'Chukyo' as in the 'Chukyo area' (中京圏), which includes Aichi Prefecture; it is also often misspelled as 'Chuo Ward' (中央区).
- 甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸、は音読みでは、こう、おつ、へい、てい、ぼ、き、こう、しん、じん、き、と読む。
- '甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸' are read as 'ko, otsu, hei, tei, bo, ki, ko, shin, jin, ki' by using on-yomi (the Chinese reading of kanji).
- 平安時代中期に書かれた『源氏物語』を読めば分かるように家族や親しい人間(貴族)は、頻繁に出入りしていたこともあった。
- For example, a book written in the middle Heian period, 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji), illustrated the presence of male family members and close male acquaintances (nobles, aristocrats) frequently visiting ladies of the court in Kokyu palace.
- 初日朝に地蔵盆の用意をし、仏僧による読経、子供におやつの配布(日に一度か二度)、夜のイベント(踊りや線香花火など)。
- In the morning on the first day of the festival, Jizo-bon is prepared, there will be sutra recitation by monks, distribution of sweets to children (once or twice a day), and events at night time (dancing or fireworks) are organized.
- 晦日にあてられる訓読みのうち、「つごもり」は「月隠り(つきごもり)」が転じたもので、本来は月相の「晦」の意味である。
- Tsugomori,' a kun-yomi (Japanese reading of character) for kaijitsu, once was 'tsukigomori' (the disappearance of the moon), which had originally meant 'kai' in the moon phase.
- なお、1960年代には、「読売ジャイアンツ・大鵬幸喜・卵焼き」と子供が好きな物の代表として挙げられることが多かった。
- In the 1960s, tamagoyaki used to be one of the favorite foods of children and it was listed as one of three things children typically love in a popular phrase of that time: 'Giants (a Japanese baseball team), Taiho (a sumo wrestler), and tamagoyaki.'
- 大乗方等経典を読誦せずとも、よく大乗第一義の義趣を理解し、心に畏怖驚動ことなく、因果律を深く信じ大乗を誹謗しない者。
- People who do not recite Mahayana Buddhism Hodo-kyo sutra, but really understand the primary meaning of it, have no fear and tremble in their mind, believe in ingaritsu (the principle of causality), and do not criticize on Mahayana Buddhism.
- 延久元年(1069年)、秦致貞(正確な読み方は不明だが通常「はたのむねざね」と読む)という作者の名前も判明している。
- The name of the painter was HATA no Munesada, and it was done in 1069.
- 読み札と取り札はともに花札のように紙を張り重ねてつくられており、大きさは74×53mm程度であることが一般的である。
- The cards yomi-fuda and the tori-fuda are 74 millimeters long and 53 millimeters wide, and a little thicker than usual card for games since they are made of layers of papers like Hana-fuda ('Flower Cards,' another Japanese cards for game).
- 大江は本姓であり苗字ではないため、大江広元は“おおえ の ひろもと”と読むのが正しく、“おおえ ひろもと”ではない。
- Since OE was a real name and not a family name, it should be read as 'OE no Hiromoto' not as 'OE Hiromoto' to be exact.
- 学生は基礎課程として『黄帝甲乙経』・『脈経』・『神農本草経』(延暦6年(787年)以後は『新修本草』に変更)を読んだ。
- In the basic course, students had to study 'Kotei Ko-otsukyo' (the Chinese classic on clinical acupuncture, written by Huangfu Mi), 'Myakukyo' (the oldest Chinese book on sphygmoscopy), and 'Shinno Honzogyo' (Divine Husbandman's Classic on pharmacology, which is a Chinese classic), and in 787, the last textbook was replaced with 'Shinshu Honzo' (Chinese pharmacology, completed in A.D. 659).
- この原則に従うと「豊臣秀吉」は「とよとみ・の・ひでよし」と読むことになるが、この原則が当てはまらない事例も相当数ある。
- According to this rule, 'Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI' should be read 'TOYOTOMI no Hideyoshi,' although there are numerous exceptions that does not follow this principle.
- 承保2年(1075年)に着袴、承暦2年(1078年)に読書始の儀式、永保2年(1081年)に元服の儀式が行われている。
- Chakko (ceremony of first-time wearing of a hakama) in 1075, the ceremony of dokushohajime (ceremony of first-time learning) in 1078, and the ceremony of attaining manhood in 1081 were held.
- 『三国志(魏志倭人伝)』の版本では「邪馬壹國」または「邪馬一國」(日本語読みはともに「やまいちこく」)と書かれている。
- It is written '邪馬壹國' or '邪馬一國' (both 'Yamaichikoku' in Japanese reading) in printed books of 'Sanguo Zhi' (Gishiwajinden).
- 最終的には300万部以上売れたとされ、当時の日本の人口が3000万人程であったから実に10人に1人が読んだことになる。
- Eventually, more than 3 million copies were sold, and we can estimate one out of ten Japanese people read the publication at that time, given the country's population at the time was 30 million.
- この「学問を修める」とは経書経学(儒学的知識)を中心に、史学・漢学など幅広い知識を有する読書人であることを前提とする。
- It was assumed that 'an educated person' had wide knowledge of studies such as History and Sinology, centering on Keisho (most important documents in Confucianism) and Keigaku (study of Keisho in Confucianism).
- 普通、経典は呉音で読まれるのが一般的であるが、真言宗では『理趣経』が日本に伝来した時代の中国語の音から漢音で読誦する。
- Although Buddhist scriptures are usually read in the Wu reading, in the Shingon sect it is chanted in the Han reading of Chinese characters based on the Chinese pronunciation at the time when 'Rishu-kyo' was introduced into Japan.
- 地謡によって「妙法蓮華経の読誦やさまざまな法要をして善をなそう」と謡われると、龍女に姿をかえた先ほどの海女が登場する。
- When the Jiutai sings 'Perform good deeds by reading the Myohorenge-kyo Sutra and through various Buddhist memorial services,' the diver from the previous half appears as ryunyo.
- なお引用にあたってはおもに参考文献にあげた『謡曲大観』を参照しているが、読解の容易から適宜漢字変換、句読点を追加した)
- Although the quotations were referenced from the 'Yokyoku Taikan' (a complete anthology of Noh plays), some characters have been converted into modern Chinese characters and punctuation marks have been added for readability.
- ただし、日本の柔術で拳法を称する流派もあるが、これは柔術の中国風の異称であり、拳法と書いて「ヤワラ」と読む場合も多い。
- Among Japanese jujutsu there are schools naming themselves kenpo, but it is Chinese name of jujutsu which is often read 'yawara' while it is written kenpo (拳法).
- 但し、勧学会の場合は、念仏結社的な性格も有してはいたが、『法華経』を読誦し、作詩も行なうサロン的傾向の強い集団であった。
- However, although Kangaku-e resembled a Nenbutsu association, the group also had an aspect of a salon where 'Hoke-kyo Sutra' (the Lotus Sutra) was chanted and poems were written.
- 私鋳銭の中には、一部が欠落したもの、穴が開いていないもの、字がつぶれて判読できないものなど、非常に粗悪なものが多かった。
- The quality of many of these shichusen coins was quite low: For examples, in some of them, a portion was lost, no hole was provided, or the characters on them were too worn to read them.
- ドラマなどで「浅井」が「あさい」と読まれることも多いが、上記の通り「あざい」が正しく、現在の滋賀県でも「あざい」と読む。
- Although the name '浅井' often pronounced as 'Asai' in dramas and others, it should be read 'Azai' as mentioned above, and even in Shiga Prefecture today, it is read 'Azai.'
- 特に、萬朝報、横浜毎日新聞(現在の毎日新聞とは無関係)、読売新聞などは、鉱毒や、田中正造の直訴事件を連日のように伝えた。
- Particularly Yorozu Choho, Yokohama Mainichi Shimbun (It is unrelated to the present Mainichi Shimbun), Yomiuri Shimbun reported daily on the copper-mining problem and also about Shozo TANAKA's direct appeal to the emperor.
- これは、町内の子供が、直径2~3メートルの大きな数珠をかこんですわり、僧侶の読経にあわせて順々にまわすというものである。
- This is children in the town sitting around a big bead roll of two to three meters long, and they move the bead roll as the monk reads a sutra.
- 通夜では聖書の朗読、聖歌、死者のための祈り、棺への献香と参加者による献花あるいは焼香、遺族代表のあいさつなどが行われる。
- In Tsuya, reading of the Bible, singing of the hymns, praying for the deceased, Kenka into the coffin, Kenka or Shoko by those present, a speech by a representative of the surviving family and so on are performed.
- 護良の弟である懐良親王を祭神とする八代宮においても祭神の名を「かねながしんのう」と読んでおり「かねよし」とはしていない。
- At Yatsushiro-gu Shrine, where another younger brother is enshrined, the deity's name is pronounced as 'Kanenaga Shinno (Prince Kanenaga),' and not 'Kaneyoshi.'
- この「新聞」を浮世絵の題材に取り上げて、平仮名しか読めない大衆も絵と平易な詞で理解できるようにしたものが錦絵新聞である。
- Nishiki-e-shinbun featured this 'shinbun' as its subject matter and worked out its expression for even the general public who could only read hiragana (one of the two types of phonograms of Japanese language) to be able to understand the shinbun through pictures and easy words.
- 南総里見八犬伝(なんそうさとみはっけんでん、南總里見八犬傳)は、江戸時代後期に曲亭馬琴(滝沢馬琴)によって著された読本。
- Nanso Satomi Hakkenden is Yomihon (copy for reading) written by Bakin KYOKUTEI (Bakin TAKIZAWA) during the late Edo period.
- 宋代の学者に従って儒学の歴史を振り返ると、隋唐以前は経書の音訓(音読)や訓詁(単語の意味)を重視した訓詁学が中心であった。
- Looking back at the history of Confucianism, as scholars during the Song Dynasty did, the mainstream before the Sui and Tang Dynasties was Kunkogaku ('xunguxue' in Chinese), which emphasized the readings of characters and exegetics (interpretation of words) of Confucian classic writings.
- 月延石は三つあったとされ、それぞれ長崎県壱岐市及び京都市の月読神社と福岡県二丈町の鎮懐石八幡宮に奉納されたと言われている。
- It is said that there were three Tsukinobe ishi (Tsukinobe stone), and each of them was dedicated to Tsukiyomi-jinja Shrine in Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture and Kyoto City, and Chinkai seki Hachiman-gu Shrine in Nijo machi, Fukuoak Prefecture, respectively.
- しかし北宋以降、官印は文字の装飾化が進み、だんだん文字を読ませるための印というよりも単に官吏の権威を現す道具となって行く。
- After the Northern Sung Dynasty, the characters of kanin were decorated more and more, and they gradually became a tool to show the authority of the governmental officials and lost the function of being read.
- 江戸時代後期、一部の私塾や藩校において漢詩を素読する際に独特の節を付すことが行われたのが、今日の詩吟の直接のルーツである。
- During the late Edo period, when reading Chinese poetry without comprehending, they uniquely melodized it in some of the private schools in house or the hanko (a domain school), which is the direct origin of the present-day shigin.
- 江戸時代後期には天竺徳兵衛をモデルにした自来也ものが読本・浄瑠璃・歌舞伎で当たりし、児雷也の蝦蟇への大変身が話題となった。
- Jiraiya modeled after Tokube TENJIKU became popular in books, Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a shamisen accompaniment), and kabuki during late Edo Period, and the transformation of Jiraiya into gama no abura (oil of toad) became a popular topic of conversation.
- なお、染物にも「煮染め」といわれる技法があるが、こちらは「にぞめ」と読むことが多く、染色液が残らないほど煮るわけではない。
- Although there is a dyeing method called '煮染め,' this is usually pronounced as 'nizome' and the liquid dye is not simmered in this method.
- また、こうした書籍類でさまざまな妖怪を紹介することが、当時の年少の読者たちの情緒や想像性を育んだとする好意的な見方もある。
- Furthermore, there is a favorable view that says that introducing various yokai characters through these books nurtured creativity and emotional development of young readers of the time.
- 「葛」という字は単体では「くず」であるが、「かづら」とも読むことができ、かづらはつる植物の総称としても使われる語句である。
- The Chinese character '葛' itself is read as 'kuzu' but it is sometimes read as 'kazura' and kazura is a word used as a general term for vines.
- 読み手はあるコマを読んだ後、次のコマはどれか判断しなければならないが、順序は明示されずに暗黙の了解とされている場合が多い。
- Readers should guess the following frame after reading a frame, in many cases, the order of reading is not specified and it is an unspoken understanding.
- このとき崇道天皇(早良親王)のために諸国の国分寺の僧に命じて「七日金剛般若経を読まわしむ」と『日本後紀』に記述されている。
- According to the description in the 'Nihonkoki' (Later Chronicles of Japan), the priests in provincial monasteries in various districts were ordered to 'chant the Kongo Hannya-kyo Sutra for seven days' for Emperor Sudo (Imperial Prince Sawara).
- “水子”は本来「すいじ」と読み、 戒名の下に付ける位号の一つで、死産や乳児の頃に夭折した者に対して付けられるものであった。
- Originally, 'Mizuko' was pronounced as 'suiji,' and it was one of the Igo (names according to age and sex) which was placed after the posthumous Buddhist name, given in case of stillbirth or given to those who died prematurely.
- 決まり字(きまりじ)とは、百人一首で札の取り合いをする際に、そこまで読まれればその札だと確定できるという部分のことを指す。
- Kimariji is a term used for Hyakunin Isshu play cards (a game based on a famous poetry anthology, One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets); when a card of the first half of a poem is read out, players compete to take a matching card of the last half, and Kimariji means the first several letters of poems with which players can be sure which card to take.
- 経基はまた禅にも通じており、東福寺の僧虎関の編による『元亨釈書』を愛読し、僧らとその内容に対して議論を交えたこともあった。
- He also gained familiarity with Zen and was fond of reading 'Genko Shakusho' (A history of Japanese Buddhism) compiled by Kokan (a monk) of Tofuku-ji Temple, discussing its contents with monks.
- 大森家の屏風に霧を吹き一枚々剥がし乾燥させ読み取る作業の中から、佐賀の乱の江藤新平手配書が屏風の下張りの中から見つかった。
- By the process of spraying folding screens of the Omori family with water, taking off sheets on the screens one by one, and drying them to read, a wanted poster of Shinpei ETO during the Saga War was found in the underlining of the folding screen.
- 天神地祇御誓祭で三条実美が御誓文を読み上げる光景を日本画家の乾南陽が描き、昭和3年に旧土佐藩主の山内家が明治神宮に奉納した。
- Japanese-style painter Nanyo INUI painted a picture that Sanetomi SANJO was reading out Charter Oath at the festival of the gods of heaven and earth and the lord of Tosa domain, the Yamauchi family devoted it to the Meiji-jingu Shrine in 1928.
- 文学に優れ能筆家でもあった実隆は、『源氏物語』『伊勢物語』『古今和歌集』をはじめとする古典の書写や講読にも多く関わっていた。
- Sanetaka, who was excellent in literature and a good calligrapher, got involved in transcribing and reading the classics such as 'The Tale of Genji,' 'The Tale of Ise,' and 'Kokin Wakashu' (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry).
- 『日本書紀』は歌謡部分を除き、原則として純粋漢文で記されているため、そのままでは日本人にとっては至極読みづらいものであった。
- Since 'Nihonshoki' was written in genuine a Chinese writing style in principle except songs and ballads, it was very difficult for Japanese people to read.
- しかし、査読を経た学術論文で九州王朝説を扱ったものは皆無であり、九州王朝説に賛同を表明した歴史学者及び考古学者は存在しない。
- However, there is no peer-reviewed paper on the subject of the Kyushu dynasty, neither was there a historian, nor an archaeologist who accepts this theory.
- 仮に『万国公法』の中国での刊行が1865年1月だとすると、一年を経ずして日本に伝わり憂国の志士たちに読まれていたことになる。
- If the publication of 'Bankoku Koho' in China was January, 1865, this means 'Bankoku Koho' arrived and was read by patriots in Japan within a year.
- やがて法性坊は雷神を追い詰め、「千手陀羅尼(せんじゅだらに)」を読み終わると、雷神は「これまでなりやゆるし給え」と平伏する。
- After all, Hossho-bo pushes Raijin into a corner and reads 'Senju-darani sutra' and, when he finishes reading, Raijin prostrates himself at Hossho-bo saying 'That's all and please forgive me.'
- 白話小説からの翻案が行われ、さらに18世紀の後半には単なる翻案に留まらない『雨月物語』などの代表作が書かれ初期読本が栄えた。
- Some Hakuwa shosetsu were adapted, and further in the late 18th century, early Yomihon became popular as the representative works such as 'Ugetsu monogatari' (Tale of Rain and Moon), which was not a mere adaptation, were written.
- 音道(おんどう)とは、日本律令制の大学寮において、儒教経典をそのまま音読するために必要な漢音(中国語)の発音について習う学科。
- Ondo is one of the subjects of Daigaku-ryo, an educational institution under the system of centralized administration established under the Ritsuryo Legal Codes in Japan, to learn the Han pronunciations of Chinese characters in order to allow the reading aloud of the scriptures of Confucianism with the original pronunciations.
- これを 「常に月将を以て占時に加え、日辰陰陽を視て以て四課を立つ。」 と読み下すことは、漢文の知識があればさほど困難ではない。
- For persons who have a knowledge about kanbun, it may not be so difficult to read it as 'tsuneni gessho wo motte senji ni kuwae, Nisshininyo wo mite motte shika wo tatsu.' (Gessho and the time should always be used for divination and Shika should be derived by seeing Nisshinonmyo).
- また、古事記の崇神天皇の条には、崇神が大彦の叔父と読める部分があることから、夫・崇神天皇と従兄妹関係だった可能性があるが不明。
- Also, since there are sections in the articles on Emperor Sujin in Kojiki which Emperor Sujin may be interpreted as an uncle of Obiko, she may have been cousins with her husband, Emperor Sujin, but it is not clear.
- しかし、それに対抗して神官の間では『日本書紀』神話の講読が盛行し、神道の立場を中心として神話と歴史を結合させる思想が起こった。
- For this, however, mythologies in 'Nihonshoki' were read actively by Shinto priests, and the concept of connecting history with the mythologies was created centering on the standpoint of the Shinto religion.
- この時代は、地方の国人衆や土豪層においても所領経営のためには読み・書き・計算などが必要と考えられるようになった時代でもあった。
- In this period, local lords and local clans considered it indispensable to acquire skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic for the management of their territories.
- 歌舞伎では通常「おんながた」と読み、立女形(たておやま)、若女形(わかおやま)のような特殊な連語の場合にのみ「おやま」とする。
- In Kabuki, it is commonly read as 'onnagata', and 'oyama' is only used when it specially follows another word such as tate-oyama or waka-oyama.
- 読むうちに五右衛門は、自身が宋蘇卿の子で、かねてから養父武智光秀の仇としてつけ狙っていた真柴久吉が実父の仇でもあることを知る。
- Reading it, Goemon discovers that he is a son of So Sokei and So Sokei was killed by Hisayoshi MASHIBA; in fact, Goemon had been trying to avenge the murder of his adoptive father Mitsuhide TAKECHI on Hisayoshi previously.
- なお『万葉集』では「羲之」や「大王」を「テシ」と読ませており、この時代、王羲之が手師すなわち能書の代名詞であったことが分かる。
- By the way, in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), 羲之 and 大王 are read as teshi, indicating that 王羲之 (Xizhi WANG) was used for indicating teshi (literally, hand teacher) or a calligraphic expert.
- 宮中の公式行事として確立したのは貞観 (日本)元年(859年)であるが、この頃には「四季御読経」として年間を通じて催されていた。
- Kinomidokyo was established as an official function of the Imperial Court in 859, but by this time it had already been held as a 'Shikinomidokyo' (seasonal reading of the Great Perfection of Insight Sutra) throughout the year.
- 庭訓往来(ていきんおうらい)とは、往来物(往復の手紙)の形式をとる、寺子屋で習字や読本として使用された初級の教科書の一つである。
- Written in an oraimono (exchange of letters) style, Teikin Orai was an elementary textbook used as a copybook and reader at Terakoya (temple elementary schools during the Edo period).
- 「結ね」とは、文書を広げて読み上げて元のように結びなおすという意味を持っており、実際に結政においてこの行為が重要な意味を有した。
- The word 'katane' relates to opening up a document to read and then tying it up again, and this act had an important meaning in actuality for Katanashi.
- ハタ(古くはハダ)という読みについては朝鮮語のパダ(海)によるとする説のほか、機織や、新羅の波旦という地名と結び付ける説もある。
- There are various theories about why the Chinese character '秦' is read as 'Hata' (formerly 'Hada'), one of which is that the reading derives from 'Pada' meaning ocean in Korean, others being that it derives from the word for 'loom' in Japanese, or from 'Hatan,' a place in Silla (ancient Korea).
- 父・藤原為時は30代に東宮の読書役を始めとして、東宮が花山天皇になると蔵人、式部大丞と出世したが、花山天皇が出家すると失職した。
- Her father, FUJIWARA no Tametoki, obtained employment as a reader in Togu (the palace of the Crown Prince) while in his thirties, and when the Crown Prince became Emperor Kazan he was promoted to the post of kurodo (Chamberlain) and then to Shikibutaijo; however, when the Emperor became a priest, he lost his job.
- 朝鮮において『万国公法』が読まれたのは、国際法における局外中立が朝鮮を取り巻く国際環境に有効ではないかと考えられたためであった。
- 'Bankoku Koho' was read in Korea because people considered that neutrality might be an effective way in the international circumstances around Korea.
- 平城天皇が「へいぜい」と読むことや、「へいじょう」は漢音+呉音の表記であることなどから、漢音表記に統一した「へいぜい」とされた。
- The Emperor's name '平城' is read as 'Heizei,' and the pronunciation of 'Heijo' was a combination of the Han and Wu reading of the same Chinese characters, so the standard writing was changed to 'Heizei' by simply using the Han reading.
- この日には、朱雀門前の広場に親王、大臣(おおおみ)ほか首都(みやこ)にいる官僚が集って大祓詞を読み上げ、国民の罪や穢れを祓った。
- On this day, imperial princes, ministers, and other governmental officials in the capital (miyako) gathered at the square in front of the Suzaku-mon Gate and read Oharae no kotoba (Words of the Great Purification) to purify people's sins and stains.
- 7・8歳あるいは13・14歳(時期によって違う)になると、読書始(御書始)の儀が行われ、『御注孝経』や『史記』などから始められた。
- When children reached the age of 7 or 8, or the age of 13 or 14 (depending on the era), the Ceremony of First Reading were held, and they began reading books such as 'Gyochu Kokyo' and 'Shiki.'
- 宋 (王朝)以後、「聖人、学んで至るべし」と言われるように読書・修養によって人欲を取り除いた後に到達すべき目標とされるようになる。
- After the Song Dynasty, becoming a sage became a goal for people to reach by removing desire through reading and self-cultivation, as can be seen in the phrase 'one should study in order to become a sage.'
- 以下のことから博多湾の志賀島で発見された倭奴国王印は、「漢」の「倭奴国」の「王」と読み、漢の家臣の倭国王(倭奴国王)の印綬である。
- As described below, Wa no na no kokuo in (the oldest known seal in Japan) discovered on Shikanoshima Island in Hakata Bay is read as `the king' of `Wanonanokuni' in `Han,' and it is the Inju (the great seal) of the king of Wa (the king of Wanonanokuni), the vassal of Han.
- そのため知識人層にとって漢文の読み書きが標準的素養であり、政治指導者階層への普及という点で漢文表記が阻害要因となることはなかった。
- Therefore almost all intellectuals could read and write in Chinese, and Chinese did not become a barrier to diffusion of 'Bankoku Koho' among political leaders.
- 二条良基と協力して1356年に連歌集「莬玖波集」を編纂し、1372年には連歌を読むにあたっての法則を定めた「応安新式」を制定した。
- He collaborated with Yoshimoto NIJO to compile a Renga anthology called the 'Tsukuba shu' in 1356, and in 1372 he established the rules for composing Renga and set them down in the 'Oan shinshiki' (The New Form of the Oan era).
- その上で武士の生活態度や信条というモデルケースから日本人の精神的な土壌が醸成された過程を分かりやすい構成と言葉で読者に伝えている。
- He explained then the process in which Japanese spiritual base was fermented using model cases of samurai behaviours and principles in simple construction and words.
- 彼ら皇族・臣下は『日本書紀』の想定読者でもあるので、よく知られた事実を否定するような操作は難しかったのではないかという指摘もある。
- Since the imperial family and vassals were expected to read 'Chronicles of Japan,' some pointed out that it seemed difficult for the compilers to deny well-known facts.
- 朝鮮において知識人は、日本でもそうであるが、漢文の読み書きに堪能であって文章として理解する上で困難といえるものはなかったのである。
- Both in Japan and Korea, intellectuals were good at reading and writing Chinese and they did not have difficulty to understand Chinese book.
- それぞれの四等官はその表記にかかわらず、長官に相当するものは「かみ」、次官は「すけ」、判官は「じょう」、主典は「さかん」と読んだ。
- Each of Shitokan was called 'Kami,' 'Suke,' 'Jo' and 'Sakan' respectively regardless of the Chinese characters used.
- 本来は地方の守護・地頭の出した書面や許可証であった物が、文字の読めない当時の民衆にとっては不思議な意味を持つ物となり、現在に至る。
- They were originally documents or licenses issued by local shugo and jito (military governors and manor stewards), but they were thought to have a mysterious meaning by the common people of the time who could not read or write, and this meaning has remained until today.
- 勧学会初日の15日は朝から『法華経』の購読を行い、夕方に弥陀を念じ(阿弥陀の名前を唱える)、夜は仏教の功徳を称える漢詩を作成する。
- On the first day of the Kangakue, or the 15th day of the month, they read 'Hokekyo' in the morning, made invocation of Mida (reciting of the name of Amida Buddha) in the evening, and made Chinese-style poems, admiring the merit of Buddhism, at night.
- 新潟県外在住者からはカツの見た目からソースカツ丼と誤解されることがある(誤解に基づいた文献もあるため、解読には注意が必要である)。
- People outside Niigata Prefecture sometimes mistake this for a sauce katsudon because of its appearance. (As some books are based on this misunderstanding, careful attention is required when reading them.)
- 尚、全日本かるた協会が定める競技の最初に読まれる歌(序歌)は一般には「難波津に咲くやこの花冬ごもり今を春べと咲くやこの花」である。
- Joka (waka [Japanese poem] which is read first) set by All-Japan Karuta Association is, generally, 'in Naniwa-zu (Naniwa Port) this flower has bloomed; after the winter sleep, this flower has bloomed enjoying the coming of spring.'
- 母は太政大臣征夷大将軍徳川秀忠の娘、東福門院徳川和子(かずこ、入内の際に濁音発音を嫌う宮廷風習にならい「まさこ」と読みを変える)。
- Her mother was the Grand Minister and a seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Hidetada TOKUGAWA's daughter, Tofukumon-in Kazuko TOKUGAWA. (When she entered the Imperial Palace, her name, Kazuko was changed to Masako as her original name was not a preferred one under Palace customs.)
- なぜ、「九十九」という文字を当てるのかというのかというと、本当は、「つくも」と読むのではなく「つつも」というべきものを誤ったもの。
- Tsukumo' is written with the Chinese characters for 'ninety-nine' and was originally supposed to be pronounced 'tsutsumo'.
- 尼としての生活の傍ら、寺子屋で近所の子供たちに読み書きを教え、蚕を育て、織物を作り得た収入で、3人の姫を養育する日々だったという。
- While living as a nun, it is said that she taught reading and writing to local children in a Terakoya (temple elementary school in the Edo period), did sericulture, and weaved cloth to earn money to raise her three princesses.
- 東京奠都にあたっては猶予願を出し、1870年に東京で大学中博士兼侍読に任ぜられたものの、政府の欧化政策を嫌悪し、同年10月に辞職。
- On the transfer of the national capital to Tokyo, he submitted a request for the extension for it, and while he was assigned to Daigaku chu hakase (middle Doctor) -cum-Jidoku (imperial tutor) in Tokyo in 1870, he hated the governmental policy of Europeanization and resigned in October the same year.
- ただし、藤原道長が政治の表舞台から外れると摂関家における季御読経の回数は減り、続く藤原頼通の時代にはほとんど行われなくなっていった。
- When FUJIWARA no Michinaga stepped out from the political center stage, however, Kinomidokyo by regents and advisors were held less frequently, and by the following era of FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, the service almost never held at all.
- 儒教は本来合理的な思考を有しており、儒教思想の興隆は合理主義的な歴史叙述、例えば新井白石の『読史余論』『古史通』などとして結実した。
- Confucianism is originally provided with rational thinking, and the state of Confucian thought being widely accepted produced descriptions of history based on something like rationalism: Tokushi Yoron (lessons from History) and Koshitsu (study book about ancient history), both of which were written by Hakuseki ARAI, are such examples.
- 同水泳場では、1980年より毎年7月末に鳥人間コンテスト選手権大会(読売テレビで放映。オンエアは毎年たいてい8月末)が行われている。
- Japan International Birdman Rally (aired by Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation every year, usually at the end of August.) has been held at the swimming beach every year in the end of July, since 1980.
- なお、町制時の町名のよみは「むこうちょう」であったが、現在「向日町」と名のつく施設などは、「むこうまち」と読むものがほとんどである。
- When the chosei (grant of township) was implemented, the town was named 'Muko-cho;' however, the old town name Muko-cho is now generally read as 'Muko-machi' when it is used for the name of a facility.
- すぐれた作品が存在し、それを好む多くの読者が存在する以上、『源氏物語』の享受はそのままこれにつづく小説作品の成立という側面を持った。
- As there had existed excellent works and many readers who preferred them, the reception of 'The Tale of Genji' became a factor in the establishment of succeeding novels.
- 出土遺品としては戦国時代 (中国)のものが多く、解読不能な部分もあるが「司馬」「司徒」「司工」など当時の官職名が入った印が出ている。
- Although most of the unearthed kanin are from the Warring States period and some of their engravings are not decipherable, there are some seals carved with government posts of the period, such as 'Shiba,' 'Shito,' and '司工.'
- 森公章によると、『日本書紀』を丁寧に読む限り言える点として、次のようなことが言えるとしている(森1998 pp.66-68.参照)。
- Kimiyuki MORI points out that the followings can be said as far as carefully reading 'Nihonshoki' (refer to Mori 1998 pp.66-68.).
- この文明(正確には皐月の解読した文書)をモチーフとして作られたのがアルケミストのオリジナルゲーム「片神名〜喪われた因果律〜」である。
- With a motif of this civilization (to be precise, the document deciphered by Kogetsu), Alchemist created their original game 'Katakana - lost causality'.
- 12月29日は、日本では「九」が苦しむにつながるので避けるべきとされる(逆に29を『福』と読み替えて、この日に餅を搗く地域も有る)。
- December 29th is considered a day to be avoided because, in Japan, the number nine, which can be read as 'ku' in Japanese, is linked to the Japanese word for suffering (contrastingly, this day is selected in some areas because one way to read the number 29 in Japanese is 'fuku,' which is also the word for happiness).
- また、さいとう・たかをの登場により、これまで子供の読み物とされてきた漫画に劇画など大人向けの作品が登場し、購買層の拡大につながった。
- Also, the works for adults like gekiga (graphic novel) which was created by Takao SAITO appeared as a type of comics which had been considered as reading for children and it led to the expansion of the market.
- また道阿弥の「道」が義満の法名を拝領したものであること、世阿弥の名を「ぜ」と読むよう指示したのも義満であることなどもここで語られる。
- It is also mentioned here that 'do' in the name of Doami was bestowed by Yoshimitsu after his homyo (a Buddhist name given to a person who has died or has entered the priesthood), and that it was also Yoshimitsu that ordered to read the Chinese character '世' as 'ze.'
- 会三帰一(えさん・きいつ、きいち)とは、「三乗を会(え)して一乗に帰す」と読み、仏教で三乗の教えを会して一乗の教えに帰せしめること。
- Esan kiitsu (Esan kiichi) means that learning ichijo (Single Vehicle) through understanding sanjo (the Three Vehicles carrying sentient beings to the world of enlightenment).
- (なお引用にあたってはおもに参考文献にあげた『謡曲大観』を参照しているが、漢字変換、句読点のうちかた等は、執筆者独自のものである。)
- (Although, as stated in the references, the quotation comes from 'Yokyoku Taikan' [a complete anthology of Noh plays], the kanji and punctuation used by the author of this webpage may differ from that of the original text.)
- 三蹟の覚え方としては、有職読みを使った「魔法使いサリー(サリ)ちゃんのパパがとうふ(トウフウ)を買うぜい(コウゼイ)」が有名である。
- There is a well-known way to remember who the Sanseki are using yusoku-yomi: 'Mahotsukai Sari (Sari) no papa ga tofu (Tofu) wo kauzei (Kozei)' (this is the name of an episode of a famous Japanese anime series called 'Sally the Witch'; it means 'Sally the Witch's daddy buys some tofu').
- そのほか、護良の弟である宗良親王を祭神とする井伊谷宮においても祭神の名を「むねながしんのう」と読んでおり「むねよし」とはしていない。
- At Iinoya-gu Shrine, where his younger brother is enshrined, the deity's name is pronounced as 'Kanenaga Shinno (Prince Munenaga), 'and not 'Muneyoshi.'
- 但し、現存の絵巻は、冒頭の真備が入唐して幽閉される詞書および、後半部分である「野馬台詩」の解読に成功して帰国を果たす場面は欠いている。
- However, the existing picture scroll is lacking the part of the kotobagaki (epigraphs, head notes) about Makibi arriving in Tang and being imprisoned in the opening scene, and the scene where Makibi succeeds in breaking a code of the 'Yamatai shi' (Poem on Japan) in the latter part.
- また、さらに強い風によって、中国語で沙塵暴(簡体字で「沙暴」、読みは「シャチェンバオ」)と呼ばれるような激しい砂塵嵐になる場合がある。
- Furthermore, when the wind strength is greater, a violent sandstorm called shachenbao in Chinese (沙塵暴 or 沙暴 in simplified Chinese characters) may be developed.
- 「じゅんだいじょうてんのう」という名詞はもともと存在せず、本来は「太上天皇に准ず」「太上天皇になずらふ」と文として読み下すのが正しい。
- The noun of 'Jun Daijo tenno' doesn't exist at all, and moreover, it is correct to read it as a sentence, such as 'Daijo tenno ni junzu.'or 'Daijo tenno ni nazurau.' (Both of them mean that 'to equate with Daijo tenno').
- 「せんいの町一宮」の負の歴史を語る上で欠かせない事件として、一宮市教育委員会発行の中学校社会科副読本『のびゆく一宮』に掲載されている。
- In telling the negative history of 'Ichinomiya the Textile Town,' this incident represents the absolute nadir, a fact that led the Board of Education for the city of Ichinomiya to publish a supplementary reader for Middle School-level Social Studies entitled 'Nobiyuku Ichinomiya' (Ichinomiya: the growing city).
- ただ、史料によって漢字の表記方法にぶれがある上、その書物が記された時代の音読として「やまたいこく」が正確かどうかも統一的な理解はない。
- However, not only do the notation systems of Chinese characters depend on the materials available, there is also no unified understanding as to whether 'Yamataikoku (the state of Yamatai in Japanese)' is the right way to read according to Chinese-style reading of characters in the time when the books were written.
- 「太平記」は中世から物語僧の「太平記読み」によって語られ、初等学問に置けるテキストの役割や江戸時代には講談で語られる物語の1つとなる。
- Taiheiki' was passed on from the medieval period by monogatari-so (storytelling priests) through taiheiki-yomi (taiheiki storytelling or storytellers) and was used as a text for primary study, later becoming one of the stories told in the kodan (vaudeville storytelling) of the Edo period.
- それに対し、「珎」は「珍」の異体字であり、和同開珎は「わどうかいちん」と読むという説もあり、江戸時代から150年以上論争が続いてきた。
- Contradicting to this theory, there was a different theory that 'chin' was a variant character of 'chin' (rare) and Wado-kaichin was read as Wado-kaichin causing a dispute for over 150 years since the Edo period.
- 教育ニ関スル勅語の「奉読」、奉安殿の設置などによる学校教育での天皇崇拝の強要、日の丸掲揚や君が代斉唱などを通じ日本人意識を植え付けた。
- Japanese consciousness was indoctrinated such as worshipping the Emperor by 'reverentially reading' ordinance on Education and setting hoanden (premises where an imperial portrait and the Imperial Rescript on Education are housed before and during the war) as well as hoisting Hinomaru (national flag of Japan) and singing Kimigayo (Japan's national anthem).
- 文明_(日本)6年(1474年)成立の古辞書『文明本節用集』に、「漿醤」に「シヤウユ」と読み仮名が振られているのが文献上の初出である。
- The Chinese characters, '漿醤' that represent soy-sauce, with readings in Kana of 'Shauyu' appeared in the old dictionary 'Bunmeibon setsuyo-shu' (a plain dictionary in Bunmei era) established in 1474, which was the oldest example in documents.
- 一方、顔元は朱子学・陽明学ともに批判し、聖人となる方法は読書でも静坐でもなく「習行」(繰り返しの実践)であるとする独自の学問を興した。
- Meanwhile, Gan Gen (Yen Yuan) criticized both Neo-Confucianism and Yomei-gaku, and created an original learning which preaching that the way to become a saint is not through reading or sitting on the floor calmly, but through shuko (repeated practices).
- 同時代史料である「帝系図」写本に義良親王の名を「義儀」と誤記してあり、これは本来「儀義」であって「のりよし」と読んだものと推測される。
- In a written copy of Teikeizu, a historical document written in the same period as Kikunsho, the Prince's name that should have been written as 儀義 was miswritten as 義儀, therefore, it can be surmised that his name was pronounced as 'Noriyoshi.'
- 例えば、護良を祭神とする鎌倉宮では「もりながしんのう」と読んでおり「もりよし」は「祭神の名前の読みとしては誤用である」との見解である。
- For example, the Kamakura-gu Shrine that enshrines the Prince, calls him Prince Morinaga, saying that 'moriyoshi' is an mistaken pronunciation of the enshrined deity's name.
- しかし一部の台本は『狂言記』『続狂言記』『狂言記拾遺』『狂言記外編』という一般読者向けの読み物となって江戸時代に出版され、世に残った。
- However, a part of their scenario was published in the style of books for the general public in the Edo period, such as 'Kyogenki' (Collections of farces), 'Zoku Kyogenki' (Collections of farces Continued), 'Kyogenki Shui ' (Collections of farces) and 'Kyogenki gaihen' (Collections of farces), which have been handed down to subsequent generations.
- また、「若大夫」のように「太夫」「大夫」の前が2拍の場合は「たゆう」、「義太夫」「越路大夫」のように2拍以外の場合は「だゆう」と読む。
- Furthermore, dayu is pronounced as 'tayu' when two beats exist before it (for example, 'Wakatayu'), and pronounced as 'dayu' in other cases (such as 'Gidayu' or 'Koshiji Dayu').
- 読みかたに関しては上の句と下の句のあいだで間をもたせすぎるのはよくないといわれるが、本来の遊び方からいえばナンセンスな問題ともいえる。
- Some people say that the yomi-te shouldn't place as much of an interval between the ue-no-ku and the shimo-no-ku, however, that opinion is nonsense if one considers the original purpose.
- 今日では「まちしゅう」と読まれることが多いが、『節要集』『日葡辞書』などの同時代史料によれば「ちょうしゅう」と発音されていたようである。
- Although it is mostly read 'Machi-shu' today, it was apparently read 'Cho-shu' according to the historical materials in that period including 'Setsuyo-shu' (a book on oriental medicine written by Waichi SUGIYAMA in the 1610s) and 'Nippojisho' (Japanese-Portuguese dictionary, published 1603-1604).
- 丹後の人々は「皇后の御名をそのままお呼びするのは畏れ多い」として、皇后が(その地を)退座したことに因み「たいざ」と読むことにしたという。
- People in Tango were afraid of using the name of the empress directly, so they used 'Taiza' (literally means 'leave' in Japanese) as their place-name, connecting with that Anahobe no hashihitohime left Taiza.
- これに対しては、「皇位は法である」とはそもそも文意不明であり、ここに特別な意味を読み込むのではなく、形骸化をみるべきだという批判がある。
- Toward this, there is a criticism arguing that the phrase 'the Imperial Throne is a law instituted by Tenchi' is nonsensical, and special meaning should not be given to this part, but a dead letter process of the code is seen.
- 今日我々が読むことができる即位詔は『続日本紀』が採録した文武天皇以降のものの一部で、一部例外を除き宣命体という独特の文体で記されている。
- For the imperial edict upon enthronement available at present, there exist only a part of the edicts of Emperor Monmu and his successive emperors in the later time, archived in 'Shoku-Nihongi' (Chronicles of Japan II), and except for some cases, they are written in Senmyo (imperial edict) texts.
- また箏と同じツィター属の大型楽器である瑟(「しつ」、まれに「ひつ」とも読む)は正倉院の宝物が24本、中国の古代楽器では25本の弦を持つ。
- Shitsu' (also called 'hitsu' in rare cases), a large-sized musical instrument that belongs to zither group as with Soh, has 24 strings in the case of Shoso-in's property and 25 strings in the case of the ancient Chinese musical instrument.
- その後、俗側は白楽天(儒教的教養の持ち主ながら仏教を擁護した)の詩を、僧側は『法華経』を朗読して夜を明かし、翌16日朝に解散したという。
- After that, they spent the night with common people reading poems by Hakurakuten (or Bai Letian, he defended Buddhism, even though he was cultivated with Confucianism) and priests who read 'Hokekyo,' after which they were dispersed in the morning of the next day, the 16th day of the month.
- 夏氷の日:日本かき氷協会が、かき氷の別名である夏氷の読みであるなつごおりを7, 2, 5と語呂合わせして7月25日を夏氷の日として制定。
- Natsugori no hi (day of summer ice): Nihon Kakigori Kyokai (literally, Nihon Shaved Ice Association) established July 25 as the Natsugori no hi by making sound connection between natsugori (another name of shaved ice) and 7, 2, 5.
- 後代には音楽に合わせて作られるのではなく、前人の作品の平仄に合わせて作られるようになったため、漢詩と同様、朗読される詩歌の一種となった。
- In later years, Ci was composed not to the music but to the tones of previous works, so it became regarded as a kind of recited verses like Chinese poems.
- 南北(当時は勝俵蔵)は読本『絵本合邦辻』を原作として、左枝大学之助と立場の太平次という極悪人を主人公に据え、悪事の限りを尽くさせている。
- Nanboku (then called Hyozo KATSU) wrote it, based on the original Yomihon (a kind of novel) of 'Ehon Gappo ga Tsuji,' with villains called Daigakunosuke SAEDA and Tateba no Taheiji as main characters, who commit all crimes.
- 振り仮名があるニュースの絵説きは漢字をあまり知らない層でも容易に読めたため、「新聞」の面白さを一般大衆に知らしめることとなったのである。
- Explanatory captions including furigana for the prints of the news was easily readable for those who did not know Chinese characters well and, therefore, nishiki-e-shinbun let the general public know the interestingness of 'shinbun'.
- 明治初期に東京で創刊された「新聞」は東京土産になるほど流行したが、知識人層向けで振り仮名や絵もなく、一般大衆には読みにくいものであった。
- Shinbun' which was first issued in Tokyo in early Meiji period became popular to the extent that it became a souvenir of Tokyo, however, this 'shinbun' was directed to the intellectuals and, therefore, it had no furigana (small-sized phonograms put beside Chinese characters to show the sound of those characters) no pictures in it and, therefore, it was hard to read for the general public.
- この文体を宣命体(-たい)、その表記法を宣命書(-がき)、また宣命を読み上げる使者を宣命使(-し)、宣命を記す紙を宣命紙(-し)という。
- This literary style is called Senmyotai (a grand style written in an imperial-edict manner), its notation Senmyogaki, a messenger who reads Senmyo Senmyoshi (宣命使), and the paper on which Senmyo is drawn Senmyo-shi (宣命紙).
- 史実の上杉定正の居城であった五十子の戦い(埼玉県本庄市)は「いかこ(いかっこ、いかつこ、いらこ)じょう」と読み、所在地もまったく異なる。
- Historically, Sadamasa UESUGI's castle (in Honjo City, Saitama Prefecture) is called 'ikako (or ikakko or ikatsuko or irako)-jo'and located quite differently.
- 内容は、神代における天地(アメツチと読まれる)の始まりから推古天皇の時代に至るまでのさまざまな出来事(神話や伝説等を含む)を収録している。
- It contains various incidents (including mythologies or legends) from the beginning of heaven and earth (called ametsuchi) in the age of the gods, to the period of Emperor Suiko.
- また、広開土王碑文も、通説に従って読む限り、碑文にある、倭が朝鮮半島に進出して百済や新羅を臣従させ、高句麗と激しく戦っていたこと、とする。
- The Inscription on the Gwanggaeto Stele said that, as far as a reading according to a commonly accepted theory, Wakoku progressed in leading the Japanese militaristic advance into the Korean Peninsula to make Paekche and Silla serve as vassal countries and had a furious battle with Koguryo.
- そして、「冷麦」の読みは明らかに「ひやむぎ」であるため、この時期には「素麺に近い細い切り麺=ひやむぎ」という概念は誕生していた模様である。
- Furthermore, because the pronunciation of the kanji characters for 'chilled wheat' is undoubtedly 'hiyamugi,' it seems that during this period the concept of 'cut noodles similar to somen = hiyamugi' was already born.
- 本来は七草と書いた場合は秋の七草を指し、小正月1月15日のものも七種と書いて「ななくさ」と読むが、一般には7日正月のものが七草と書かれる。
- Originally, the Chinese characters 七草 meant the seven flowers of autumn; the custom on January 15, the Lunar New Year, is written in Chinese characters as 七種, which are also pronounced as 'na na ku sa,' but generally the custom on January 7 is written as 七草 in Chinese characters.
- 後援 - 朝日新聞舞鶴支局、京都新聞、産経新聞舞鶴支局、毎日新聞舞鶴支局、読売新聞大阪本社、日本放送協会京都放送局、京都放送、エフエム京都
- Backup - Maizuru branch of the Asahi Shinbun Company, the Kyoto Shinbun, Maizuru branch of the Sankei Shinbun, Maizuru branch office of the Mainichi Shinbun, Osaka Headquarters of the Yomiuri Shinbun, Kyoto broadcast station of Japan Broadcasting Corporation, Kyoto Broadcasting System Company Limited, and FM Kyoto.
- なお、内親王の名をショクシとするのは歌道の有職読みであって、定家をテイカとし、俊成をシュンゼイとするごとく、古人を敬って行う呼び名である。
- The pronunciation of the imperial princess's name as Shokushi was derived from the yusoku-yomi (pronunciation of a person's name according to the Chinese reading [onyomi] as an expression of respect) used in kado (the art of composing waka, a genre of Japanese poetry) and a respectful way of referring to people of ancient times, according to which 定家 would be pronounced as Teika and 俊成 as Shunzei.
- 百人一首(ひゃくにんいっしゅ、故実読みはひゃくにんしゅ)とは、古来の代表的な歌人百人について、一人一首を選んでつくった詞華集のことである。
- Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets) is a poetry anthology containing one hundred waka (classical Japanese poems), one each by distinguished poets from ancient times; in the past, it had been called 'Hyakunin-shu.'
- 読史余論の中で、政治面での功績には一定の評価を与えつつも、頼朝の行動は朝廷を軽んじ己を利するものであるとし、総じて否定的な評価をしている。
- In Tokushi Yoron (Lessons from History), Hakuseki ARAI appraised Yoritomo's political side, and negatively evaluated Yoritomo's actions that benefited him personally while paying little respect to the Imperial Court.
- この地方の霊山である箱根権現、走湯権現に深く帰依して読経をおこたらず、亡父源義朝や源氏一門を弔いながら、一地方武士として日々を送っていた。
- Yoritomo had been spending days as a local Samurai and was deeply embraced at the reizan (sacred mountain) of the region, such as Hakone gongen (sacred mountain) and Soto gongen, and never neglected sutra chanting to condole on death of MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, dead father, and Minamoto clan.
- まず朱子は「親」を「新」と読み替え、「民を新たにす」(自分自身の明徳を明らかにした君子が、他者にまでそれを及ぼし革新する)という風に解した。
- Zhu Xi read the word 'qin', meaning 'being affectionate,' as 'xin,' meaning 'new,' and interpreted 'xinmin' as 'renovating the people', meaning that a man of virtue, who has discoverd his own virtue, spread it to others and renewed them.
- 一方、「もって死す」つまり「だから死んだ」と読んだ場合、この前に書かれている、狗奴国との紛争もしくは難升米の告諭が死の原因ということになる。
- On the other hand, under the translation 'so she died,' it can be interpreted that the cause of her death was a conflict with Kunakoku or Nashime's manifesto, which was written before this.
- この説は二つの柱を持ち、一つは光孝天皇の即位詔が、「皇位は天智が定めた法である」と読めることで、この文面では皇位継承法のこととは思われない。
- This argument has two pillars; one is that it is difficult to think that this phrase is referring to an imperial succession code, because Emperor Koko's edict can be read as 'the Imperial Throne is the law instituted by Tenchi.'
- また、1斗が5升の倍にあたることから、「一斗二升五合」と書き「五升倍 升升 半升」と解して「御商売 益々 繁盛」と洒落として読むこともある。
- 1 to is equal to twice (reads as 'bai' in Japanese) 5 sho (reads as 'go sho' in Japanese), so Japanese people sometimes use this and do a wordplay how to read '1 to, 2 sho, and 5 go,' and the answer is 'goshobai masu masu hanjo' (means 'your business becomes more and more prosperous').
- 明治時代に入ってからも馬琴の評価は高く、坪内逍遥や二葉亭四迷によって近代文学が打ち立てられるまで日本文学は読本など戯作の影響を逃れなかった。
- Even in the Meiji period, the works of Bakin were highly appreciated, and until the early modern literature was established by Shoyo TSUBOUCHI and Shimei FUTABATEI, Japanese literature had been highly influenced by gesaku such as Yomihon.
- これは元来歌がるたが百人一首を覚えることを目的とした遊びであったためであり、江戸中期ごろまでは歌人の絵が付されていない読み札もまま見られる。
- Since the uta-garuta was made originally for memorizing the tanka of 'Ogura Hyakunin Isshu' through the game, ue-no-ku and shimo-no-ku were written separately on the yomi-fuda and the tori-fuda, therefore, on some uta-garuta before the middle of the Edo period were not drawn even the portraits of the poets.
- この時期『葛仙翁伝』『扶桑国考』『黄帝傳記』『赤縣太古傳』『三神山餘考』『天柱五嶽餘論』他数多の道学的な本を物し道蔵などの経典を読んでいる。
- During this period, Atsutane had written many moralistic books including 'Kasseno Den' (The Venerable Mr. Kassen), 'Fusokoku Ko' (Considerations of Fu-Sang Country), 'Kotei Denki' (The Life of the Yellow Emperor), 'Sekiken Taiko Den' (The Legend of Ancient China), 'Sanshinzan Yoko' (Consideration of Three Sacred Mountains) and 'Tenchu Gogaku Yoron', and had read Buddhist scriptures such as Daozang (Daoist Canon).
- アメリカ合衆国の東インド艦隊司令長官ペリーが来航した時には「泰平の眠りを覚ます上喜撰(蒸気船)、たった四杯で夜も眠れず」という狂歌が読まれた。
- When Admiral Perry of the the East India Squadron visited Japan, this Kyoka (comic Tanka) was created: 'Jokisen woke me up from a long peaceful sleep, only four of them but kept me awake all night.'
- 陰陽五行説の基本は、木、火、土、金、水、(もく、か、ど、ごん、すい、金は「きん」でなく「ごん」と読ませる)の五行にそれぞれ陰陽二つずつ配する。
- The basis of Onmyo Gogyo Setsu is that the Ten Heavenly Stems in yin and yang combine in pairs, each pair corresponding to each of the Five Elements; 木, 火, 土, 金, 水 (moku, ka, do, gon, read as 'gon' not as 'kin', sui).
- 新井白石が記した「古史通或問」や「外国之事調書」では、その場所を大和国や山門郡と説いていることから、白石は「やまと」と読んでいたことがわかる。
- Given that Hakuseki ARAI suggested that the location was in Yamato Province and Yamato County in his writing 'Koshitsuwakumon' and 'Gaikokunokoto shirabegaki,' it is understandable that Hakuseki read it as 'Yamato.'
- これを受け三条は「貿易の催進を要する為、彼我共に輸出入税を徴するなし。是通商章程中の要旨なり」(句読及び強調、加筆者)と使節団に訓示している。
- In response to this, Sanjo instructed the envoy 'In order to promote trade, export and import duties will not be imposed on both sides. This is the point of the provision of trade (punctuation and emphasis were improved by a writer).'
- これは、小説家の安藤鶴夫が「たい焼きはしっぽまで餡が入っているのがおいしい」という趣旨の話を読売新聞に書いたところ、様々な賛否があったもので、
- The novelist Tsuruo ANDO, commented in the Yomiuri Newspaper that 'taiyaki tastes much better if the tail is filled with bean paste' and this attracted numerous responses.
- 近年では播磨科学公園都市・先端科学技術センターにおけるピーター・ウォーカーらの砂紋を配した庭空間デザイニングにその影響を読み取ることが出来る。
- It can be inferred that, in recent years, gardens with sand ripples designed by Peter Walker inside Harima Science Garden City and Center for Advanced Science and Technology were inspired by such influence.
- この場合、打ち切り作品特有のオチであることを読者(視聴者)が知っている前提で用いられるため、同時に「楽屋オチ」としての側面も持ち合わせている。
- In such cases, as this ochi is used on the assumption that readers (or viewers) know this is typical of discontinued pieces, it also has an aspect of 'gakuya ochi' at the same time.
- 彼は提案の理由を、「ローマクラブの研究報告『成長の限界―ローマ・クラブ人類の危機レポート』を読み、その内容に深い衝撃を受けたためだ。」と語った。
- He stated that the reason for his proposal lay in the fact that 'I was deeply impressed by 'The Limits to Growth; A Report for the Club of Rome's Project on the Predicament of Mankind', a research report by Club of Rome.'
- 梅雨の晴れ間のことを五月晴れ(さつきばれ)というが、この言葉は最近では「ごがつばれ」とも読んで新暦5月初旬のよく晴れた天候を指すことの方が多い。
- Sunny spells during baiu is called 'satsukibare' (literally, sunny spells in May), but, in recent years, it is more popular that this expression is read as 'gogatsubare' and means fine weather in the beginning of May by new calendar (solar calendar).
- 由義宮(ゆげのみや)のこと(この場合、「にしのみやこ」とも読む) - 奈良時代後期、称徳天皇によって大阪府八尾市に置かれた一時的な副都(陪都)。
- Concerning Yuge no Miya (it is also called as 'Nishi no Miyako' (Western Capital)): it was the temporary secondary capital designated by the Emperor Shotoku during Nara period and located in Yao City, Osaka Prefecture.
- 京都にあった新政府において、三条実美・岩倉具視・大久保利通・西郷隆盛・広沢真臣らが居並ぶ中で伊藤は建白書を提出し、後藤象二郎が内容を読み上げた。
- In the new government in Kyoto, Ito submitted the petition and Shojiro GOTO read out the contents while Sanetomi SANJO, Tomomi IWAKURA, Toshimichi OKUBO, Takamori SAIGO, Saneomi HIRASAWA were sitting there.
- 鑾車鼓(7字10行・18句)「□□鑾車」で始まり、全行の冒頭2字が欠けているため6句しか解読されていないが、狩が終わって喜ぶ情景をつづっている。
- Jin-che-gu (18 poems each including 10 lines of seven characters): Starting with 'kou-kou-jin-che', only six poems have been understood because the first two characters of each of all the poems are lost, however, these poems describe the sense of happiness after the hunting.
- すなわち、万葉仮名に見られる用字の使い分けは渡来人が日本語にとって不必要であった音声の違いを音韻として読み取ってしまったものだとするものである。
- According to his theory, the distinction of characters observed in Manyo-gana was caused by Toraijin (people from overseas, especially from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced Continental culture) who had distinguished the difference of the sounds that were not unimportant for Japanese.
- 外国語教育において、文法、会話などと並ぶ、文章を読解することおよびそのための能力を育成することを目的とした課程およびそのための教科書などの名称。
- Tokuhon is the name of a learning program and the textbooks in the field of foreign language education, like grammar or conversation,, intended for the understanding of sentences, as well as for the cultivation of such skill.
- 備前国を手中にした宇喜多直家は時代を読む目があった人物のようで、羽柴秀吉が播磨姫路城に入ると降伏、自分の嫡子宇喜多秀家を秀吉に人質にするなどした。
- Naoie UKITA, who acquired the Bizen Province, seemed to have the capability to understand the characteristics of the age and he surrendered when Hideyoshi HASHIBA entered Himeji-jo Castle in Harima and made his heir, Hideie UKITA, a hostage for Hideyoshi.
- 光秀の位牌を祀る大阪の本徳寺に残存する光秀の肖像画には「放下般舟三昧去」という裏書があり、そのまま読めば光秀は仏門で余生を送ったという意味である。
- The painted image of Mitsuhide that remained in the Hontoku-ji Temple in Osaka, which temple looks after Buddhist memorial tablet of Mitsuhide, has a comment that reads '放下般舟三昧去' on its back and, literally, this comment means that Mitsuhide spent his remaining years in Buddhist priesthood.
- 放射線式読み方が正当化されるには、「到」「至」の使い分けがされているときは、そのように読むべきであるという当時の中国語の決まりがなければならない。
- In order to make the radial journey reading defensible, there must have been Chinese rules at that time that '到' and '至' (literal main meaning: reach [the destination]) should be read distinctly when they are used differently.
- 査読のある学術雑誌において、九州王朝を肯定的に取り上げた学術論文は皆無であり、一般に九州王朝説及び関連する主張は科学的な学説とはみなされていない。
- There are no academic theses that support the theory of the Kyushu Dynasty among the academic journals that conduct peer review, and in general any claims regarding the theory of the Kyushu Dynasty, or anything related to that matter, have not been deemed to be academic theories with any scientific proof.
- 近代以降は「大和絵」の表記が一般的となっているが、近世以前には「倭絵」「和絵」などとも表記され、「日本画」と書いて「やまとえ」と読むこともあった。
- The term Yamato-e has been generally written as '大和絵' in kanji (Chinese characters) since recent times, but it had been also written as '倭絵' or '和絵' before recent times, and in some cases the word '日本画' was also read as 'Yamato-e.'
- これは茶の湯が停滞していた状況にあって、進取の気風をもった堺衆が既存の権威を否定することで茶の湯を刷新しようとしていたものと読み取ることができる。
- This can be interpreted as people in Sakai of enterprising spirit were trying to innovate the Way of Tea by denying the established authority in times of its stagnation.
- 10時に鹿児島藩知藩事・島津忠義、山口藩知事・毛利元徳、佐賀藩知事・鍋島直大及び高知藩知事・山内豊範の代理の板垣を召し出し、廃藩の詔勅を読み上げた。
- At 10 am, the government gathered chihanji of Kagoshima domain Tadayoshi SHIMAZU, Motonori MORI, chiji of Saga domain Naota NABESHIMA and Itagali, a proxy of chiji of Kochi domain Toyonori Yamanouchi, and read the Imperial edict of haihan.
- 左目を洗った時に天照大御神(アマテラスオオミカミ)、右目を洗った時に月読命(ツクヨミノミコト)、鼻を洗った時に須佐之男命(スサノオノミコト)を産む。
- When he washed his left eye, Amaterasu Oomikami was born; when he washed his right eye, Tsukuyomi no mikoto was born; when he washed his nose, Susanoo no mikoto was born.
- それから半世紀のちの村上天皇の頃に和歌所が置かれ、当時すでに読みにくくなっていた『万葉集』の訓読と『後撰和歌集』の撰進が梨壺の五人によって行われた。
- Fifty years later, in the reign of Emperor Murakami, Wakadokoro (Bureau of Poetry) was established, where Nashitsubo no Gonin (Five Men of the Pear Chamber) read the Chinese characters in 'Manyoshu,' which was already difficult to read at that time, in the Japanese pronunciation, and compiled and dedicated 'Gosen wakashu (Later Collection of Japanese Poetry)' to the Emperor.
- ただし、これについては、同じ読みの長さの単位である尺(しゃく)と混同され、「八合五勺」と書くべきところを「八合五尺」と書かれているものも少なくない。
- But shaku here (written as 勺) is often confused with another length unit of the same reading (written as 尺), so it is not rare that 勺 is mistakenly written as 尺 such as 8 go and 5 shaku should be written as '八合五勺' in Chinese characters, but often, it is written as '八合五尺.'
- 真言宗では、根本経典である『大日経』と18会からなる「金剛頂経」系テキストの内、読誦の功徳を強調する『理趣経』を毎日の勤行で唱えるのが習わしである。
- It is the custom in the Shingon sect to chant 'Rishu-kyo' in daily devotional exercises, which stresses the virtue of chanting sutras, among the primal scriptures 'Dainichi-kyo Sutra' and texts of 'Kongocho-kyo' which is composed of 18 parts.
- - 前世に他人の所有物を盗み、不正の思いをなして離欲の外道に施して、飲食(読み:おんじき)を充足させたので、命終して阿修羅道へ堕ちてその身を受けた。
- - In the previous life, it stole others' belongings, followed the heretical doctrine of selflessness without a sense of injustice and was satisfied with eating and drinking, so it died, resulting in a fall into Ashura-do, Asura realm.
- 教育内容も藩によって異なるが一般に四書五経の素読と習字を中心とし、江戸後期には蘭学や、日本武術として剣術・槍術・弓術・砲術・馬術・柔術などが加わった。
- Although the content of education differed according to each domain, general teaching focused on reading of shishogokyo (the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism, or the Nine Chinese Classics) without comprehension or calligraphy; in the latter half of the Edo period, Western learning and Japanese martial arts were also taught, including swordplay, spearmanship, archery, gunnery, horsemanship and jujitsu.
- このころには言語や文化の変化や流れに従い原典をそのまま読むことも困難になってきたため、原典に引歌や故事の考証や難語の解説を書き添える注釈書が生まれた。
- Around this time, it was becoming difficult to read the original text in the course of changing language and culture, so commentaries to add the study of poetry quotations and historical events, and explanations of difficult words were generated.
- 当初は国号の通り「ヤマト」と読まれていたが、やがて「ジッポン」「ニッポン」などと音読されるようになり、それが平安時代頃に定着し、現在へ至ったとされる。
- At first, the characters were read in the Japanese way as 'Yamato,' and then read 'Jippon,' or 'Nippon,' which became established during around the Heian period, led up to the present day.
- ともかく「戦陣訓」には耗弱した軍の組織の反映があり,聡明なる兵隊はそれを読んだ時点で,すでに兵隊そのものの危機を予感したかもしれない。」と述べている。
- Anyway, 'Senjinkun military code' reflects the drastically weakened militaty organization, and therefore, a clever soldier would have already expected the crisis of the army when he read it.'
- そう読むかどうかは、後世の『保暦間記』に軸足を置くか、それとも数日遅れで京に伝わった、その範囲でリアルタイムな記録に軸足を置くかによって変わってくる。
- Whether you consider the above description right or not depends on whether you place importance on descriptions in 'Horyakukanki' of after ages or on the real-time information received in Kyoto in several days' delays.
- 麻 (繊維)または合成繊維(ケブラーやアラミドなど)をよりあわせたものの表面に薬煉(「くすね」と読む。松脂を油を加えて煮たもの)を塗って補強してある。
- Twined hemp or synthetic (Kevlar, aramid, etc.) coated with kusune (pine resin boiled with oil) for additional strength.
- カトリック教会における葬儀観は、現代のカトリック教会の精神をもっともよく表している第2バチカン公会議の文書の一つ『典礼憲章』から読み取ることができる。
- The view of funerals by the Roman Catholic Church can be read in 'Constitutio de Sacra Liturgia,' one of the documents of the Second Vatican Council which best indicates the current Roman Catholic ethos.
- 夜、蓮生が読経していると敦盛の霊が現れて平家一門の栄枯盛衰を語り、平家最後の宴を懐かしんで中之舞を舞い、一ノ谷合戦での討ち死にの模様を再現して見せる。
- When Rensho is chanting sutra at night, the ghost of Atsumori appears to tell about the ups and downs of the Taira clan, performs a chu-no-mai dance with nostalgia for the final feast of the Taira clan, and reproduces the scene of his own death in the Battle of Ichinotani.
- 『浮世絵春画を読む』で、タイモン・スクリーチの説に反論し「春画はポルノグラフィーではない」と主張したが、ポルノグラフィーの定義が曖昧だと批判を受けた。
- In the 'Ukiyoe Shunga o Yomu,' he opposes Timon SCREECH's opinion by saying, 'Shunga is not pornography;' however, he was criticized that his definition of pornography was vague.
- 東常縁の『東野州聞書』によれば、忠守は『源氏物語』の覚生(学匠)として知られ、頓阿とともに『源氏物語』読み合わせの際の「禁制詞」を定めたとされている。
- According to the 'Toyashu kikigaki' of Tsuneyori TO, Tadamori was known to be a 覚生 (excellent student) of the 'Genji Monogatari,' and he and Tona apparently defined `prohibited terms' when reading the 'Genji Monogatari.'
- 漢字で表記された場合でも、その多くは「かるか」の振り仮名が付されており、明治以降学術的呼称として、音読みで「さくじょう」と呼ばれる傾向にあるようである。
- Even when the word is written with Chinese characters, they are accompanied by furigana (Japanese characters showing how to read the Chinese characters), and after the Meiji period, the scholarly reading of the word tends to be sakujo following the Chinese reading style.
- その説によれば、紫式部が作ったのが37巻の部分で、残りの部分は後世に仏教色を強めるため、読者の嗜好の変化に合わせるために書き加えられたものだとしている。
- According to the conjecture, Murasaki Shikibu wrote 37 chapters and the rest of the tale was added later to enhance the Buddhist atmosphere in order to please the changing tastes of readers.
- 「魚」の漢字に「さかな」の読みが当てられるようになったのも魚類(干物が多い)が酒(さか)の肴(な)として特に好まれていたからである(魚類の項目を参照)。
- The kanji character '魚' (fish) came to be pronounced as 'sakana' because fish (mostly dried fish) was particularly preferred for dishes for alcoholic drinks (see the article on fish).
- 海苔が使われている食品には『磯辺』と表現され、また産地には『磯辺』、『石部』、『磯部』、『石辺』(何れも『いそべ』と読む)などの地名を見ることが出来る。
- Food products that used nori were expressed as '磯辺 (isobe)' and the production areas were referred to as '石部,' '磯部,' '石辺' and so on (all are called 'isobe').
- 九品のそれぞれはこれは「○品○生」(○は上・中・下)と言い、「○生」の読みはそれぞれ上生(じょうしょう)、中生(ちゅうしょう)、下生(げしょう)である。
- The readings of nine patterns include jobon plus josho or chusho or gesho, chubon plus josho or chuso or gesho and gebon plus josho or chusho or gesho.
- 法文を素直に解釈すると、大日本帝国憲法においての天皇は大きな権力を持っていたように読めるが、明治以降も、天皇が直接命令して政治を行うことはあまり無かった。
- Reading the contents literally gives the impression that the Emperor had great power; but even after the Meiji period, the Emperor rarely governed the affairs of state directly.
- その一つの背景として、これまで読み捨て状態にされてきたため、データベースの不備が著しく、作品を目にする事自体に困難が伴う場合が少なくないという状況がある。
- One reason behind this is the fact that it is often difficult to see the comic work itself due to the insufficiency of comic database because comics have been disposed of after reading in the past.
- また、戦乱のたびに亡失と再発見を繰り返し、亡失のたびに破壊されており、再発見のたびに判読できる字数がチェックされ、戦乱による被害状況も克明に表されている。
- Sekkobun repeatedly was lost and re-discovered every time a war broke out and, more portions were broken when it was lost and the number of its legible characters was checked every time it was re-discovered and, therefore, the state of its damage due to the wars was indicated in detail.
- 昭和62年(1987年)にも沖縄海邦国体を前に病臥した昭和天皇の名代として沖縄を訪れ、10月24日、南部戦跡の平和祈念堂で以下のように天皇の言葉を代読した。
- Visiting Okinawa Prefecture to attend the National Sports Festival of Japan as the proxy of the Emperor Showa who was sick in bed at that time, he read a message on behalf of the Emperor on October 24, 1987 at Okinawa Prefecture Peace Memorial Hall built at the southern battle site of Okinawa Prefecture as follows.
- 昭和35年(1960年)東・西八反田町、東・西石ヶ坪町、北・南東野町、南中野町、北・南西野町、掛越町、八幡町、北・南衣田町、北・南月読町、東・西久保町成立。
- In 1960, Higashi Hattanda-cho, Nishi Hattanda-cho, Higashi Ishigatsubo-cho, Nishi Ishigatsubo-cho, Kita Higashino-cho, Minami Higashino-cho, Minami Nakano-cho, Kita Nishino-cho, Minami Nishino-cho, Kakegoshi-cho, Yawata-cho, Kita Kinuta-cho, Minami Kinuta-cho, Kita Tsukiyomi-cho, Minami Tsukiyomi-cho, Higashikubo-cho, and Nishikubo-cho were established.
- また、実際の『百済本紀』の記述では、任那日本府とヤマト王権とは直接的には何の関係も持たないことが読み取れるという(→井上2004 pp.106-107.)。
- And he also says that it can be read from the actual description in 'History of Baekje' that Mimana Nihon-fu had nothing to do with the Yamato sovereignty (=> Inoue 2004 pp.106-107.).
- 具体的にいえば、まず体裁が五巻九篇、見開きの挿絵一枚の短篇が八つ、挿絵二枚の中篇(「蛇性の婬」)がひとつであるところは、まったく庭鐘の読本作品と同じである。
- For example, it consists of five volumes and has nine stories; each of the eight short-length stories has an illustration covering two facing pages, but one medium-length story includes two illustrations ('A Serpent's Lust'), which is the same as the yomihon work by Teisho.
- このことから、「日本紀の御局」とあだ名されたとの逸話があるが、これには女性が漢文を読むことへの揶揄があり、本人には苦痛だったようであるとする説が通説である。
- Because of this, Murasaki Shikibu was given the nickname 'Nihongi no Otsubone,' but it is widely thought that the Emperor's words brought her into ridicule because it was felt that a woman shouldn't read Chinese classics, and she was distressed by the words.
- しかし、査読のある学術雑誌において、九州王朝を肯定的に取り上げた学術論文は皆無であり、一般に九州王朝説および関連する主張は科学的な学説とはみなされていない。
- However, there are no academic papers in refereed journals that discussed positively Kyushu Dynasty, and the Kyushu dynasty theory and related arguements are not regarded as scientific theories in general.
- 簡明な叙述であり、情熱的な文章であった為に広く愛読されたが、参考史料として軍記物語なども用いているため、歴史的事実に忠実であるとは言いがたい記事も散見する。
- Concise descriptions and enthusiastic sentences were very popular, however, it used those war chronicles and so on as reference historical materials and there are some articles found, which are hard to say to be true to the historical facts.
- 日本においては釣竿と釣針(弓矢も同様)は古くは狩りとしての使用から「サチ(幸)」といい「サ」は箭(矢)の古い読みで矢や釣り針を意味し、「チ」は霊威を示した。
- In Japan, a fishing rod and a fishhook (and a bow and an arrow as well) were traditionally called 'Sachi' (chase) based on their usage in hunting, because 'sa,' an old name for an arrow, meant an arrow or a fishhook and 'chi' meant a charisma.
- このように志度寺と号して、毎年の法華経読誦の法要や朝夕の勤行をする仏教の盛んな地となったのも、この房前大臣の親孝行のおかげなのです)」で舞い納め能は終わる。
- It is because of the filial deeds of Fusasaki no Otodo that this temple is named Shido-ji, and this land a place flourishing in Buddhism with the annual Buddhist memorial services by hailing the Lotus Sutra and devotional exercises performed in mornings and evenings,' the play ends.
- 事実上の祭主としては、盛岡藩家老の家に生まれた政友会総裁原敬が列席し、「戊辰戦役は政見の異同のみ」とした祭文を読み上げ、「賊軍」・「朝敵」の汚名を雪いでいる。
- The president of the (Rikken) Seiyu party, Takashi HARA, who was born to the chief retainer of the Morioka Domain, attended the ceremony, and virtually as a chief mourner, delivered the Shinto prayers during the festival, 'the only casus belli of the Boshin War was the difference in political opinions,' clearing the name of 'rebel army' and the 'choteki' (enemy of the Imperial Court).
- 小辺路の呼称を確認できる最古の史料は寛永5年(1628年)に編纂された笑話集『醒睡笑』巻一に収められた次の小話で、小辺路の読み方(こへち)の典拠もここである。
- The oldest historical material that confirms the name 'Kohechi' is a story collected in 'Seisuisho' (volume 1) which was a collection of comical stories compiled in 1628, and this pronunciation 'kohechi' (小辺路) is derived from it.
- 642年7月、日照りが続いたため蝦夷は百済寺に菩薩像と四天王像をまつり衆僧に読経させ焼香して雨を祈ったところ、翌日、僅かに降ったが、その翌日には降らなかった。
- In July, 642, when Emishi offered a statue of Bosatsu as well as Shitenno (the Four Devas) statues to Hyakusai-ji Temple and gathered a group of monks to read a sutra and burn incense to pray for rain due to a long drought, it rained a little bit the next day but did not the following day.
- この点につき穂積陳重は「識者は争うて此書を読むが如き有様であった」(『法窓夜話』)と記し、あたかも経典のような権威をもって『万国公法』が読まれたと述べている。
- With regards to this point, Nobushige HOZUMI wrote 'intellects at that time scurry to read the book' ('Hoso Yawa') saying 'Bankoku Koho' was read as if the book was some sort of scripture.
- まだ十石入り仕込み桶が開発される前で、二石から三石入る甕(かめ)(もしくは「瓶」の字をあて「かめ」と読ませる場合も)を土間にならべて酒を造っていたようである。
- It was before a Jikkoku (1800 liters) vat for brewing sake was developed, and it seemed that sake was brewed in kame jars (甕 or 瓶 in Chinese characters) of 360-540 liters on doma (dirt floor).
- 普請(ふしん)とは、普く(あまねく)請う(こう)とも読み広く平等に奉仕(資金・労力・資金の提供)を願う事であり、社会基盤を地域住民で作り維持していく事を指す。
- Fushin (普請), where fu (普) means widely and shin (請) means asking for help, refers to a request for widespread and equal community service (monetary support, labor support, financial assistance), where a whole community is asked to build and maintain public infrastructures.
- 通夜は本来、夜通しで行うとされるが最近では夜6時ごろから9時ごろまで一般の参列者を招き僧侶の読経も1回のみという形の『半通夜』にする場合が多くなってきている。
- Tsuya were traditionally held throughout the night, but in modern times they are usually shortened to a half-tsuya, which is held from around six to nine pm, open to all mourners and having the priest reading from the Buddhist script only once.
- 「達(ダチ)」を「ダル」と読むのは中古漢語の入声tが朝鮮語漢字音で流音lに変化したため達datは朝鮮半島でdalに変わり、その音が日本に伝わったためとされる。
- It is considered that the reason for reading '達' ('dachi') as 'daru' is that the nissho (one of the four tones in Chinese) 't' of kango (words of Chinese origin) which was used in the Middle Ages changed into the liquid 'l' in the Korean pronunciation of kanji (based on adopted Chinese pronunciations), and 達 'dat' changed into the sound 'dal' in the Korean Peninsula on its way to Japan.
- 由良之助の言葉を聞いて「残らず読んだそのあとで互いに見交わす顔と顔。じゃら、じゃら、じゃらと、じゃらつきだいて身請けの相談。オオ!読めた!」とすべてを察する。
- After hearing Yuranosuke's words, Heiemon understands the situation and says, 'I see everything and now we come face-to-face with each other. I understand the purpose of buying Okaru's freedom.'
- 「法華読誦の力にて、幽霊まさに成仏の道明らかになり(中略)打ちし砧の声のうち、開くる法の華心、菩提の種となりにけり (法華経の力で成仏の道が明らかになった。」
- The power of the Hokke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) opens the way to a peaceful death.'
- 護良の兄尊良親王・弟恒良親王を祭神とする金崎宮においても祭神の名を「たかながしんのう」「つねながしんのう」と読んでおり「たかよし」「つねよし」とはしていない。
- At Kanegasaki-gu Shrine, where his elder brother and younger brother are enshrined, the deities' names are pronounced respectively as 'Takanaga Shinno (Prince Takanaga)' and 'Tunenaga Shinno (Prince Tunenaga),' and neither 'Takayoshi' nor 'Tuneyoshi.'
- また、朝鮮で作られた教本『捷解新語』では、日本語における/b/、/d/、/z/、/g/の発音をハングル文字でmp、nt、nz、ngkと読むように表記していた。
- 'Shokai Shingo', a Japanese language textbook in Modern Korea, tells that/b/,/d/,/z/ and/g/ in the Japanese language should be pronounced the same as Hangul letters representing mp, nt, nz and ngk respectively.
- 『こちら埼玉山の上大学ボクシング部』(唯洋一郎、集英社)というギャグ漫画作品が嵐山町を舞台としているが、作中では「らんざん」ではなく「あらしやま」と読んでいる。
- A gag cartoon named 'Kochira Saitama Yamonoue Daigaku Bokushingubu (This is the Saitama Yonoue University Boxing Club) (written by Yoichiro YUI, and published by Shueisha Inc.) was set in Ranzan-machi, but in it, the town name was pronounced as 'Arashiyama,' not 'Ranzan.'
- 生きた「人間の展示」とは、観覧者たちが自らとは異なる生活様式を「実際」に見ることによって、差異を「発見」し、それを「劣等性」と読み替え確認する仕組みなのである。
- This means that 'human exhibition' is a way where viewers see the 'real' lifestyles that are different from theirs to 'discover' the differences between them, and to interpret it as 'inferiority'.
- 庶民の間では演劇(歌舞伎、文楽)や刊行物(浮世草子、読本、浮世絵など)が愛好され、世俗文化が栄えた(プロスポーツとしての相撲である大相撲が始まったのもこの頃)。
- Among common people, performances (Kabuki (traditional performing art) and Bunraku (Japanese puppet theater)), and publications (Ukiyozoshi (literally, Books of the Floating World), Yomihon (copy for reading), Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock of prints), etc.) were loved, and secular culture was prosperous (it was around this time when a grand sumo tournament which was the start of Sumo (Japanese-style wrestling) as a professional sport started).
- 特に戦に限っては「いくさ」の語源が弓で矢を放ち合う事を表す「射交わす矢(いくわすさ)」(矢・箭は古語ではサと読む)が、「いくさ(射交矢)」に変化したといわれる。
- Especially, concerning battles or wars, it is said that the term 'ikusa'(射交矢) comes from the words '射交わす矢(いくわすさ)' (ikuwasusa, that is, arrows which are shot) (the word '矢・箭' is pronounced as 'sa' in the ancient word).
- 嫉妬に狂う鬼としての橋姫が現れるのは、『平家物語』の読み本系異本の『源平盛衰記』・『屋台本』などに収録されている「剣巻」で、橋姫の物語の多くの原型となっている。
- Hashihime appears as an ogress filled with jealousy in 'Tsurugi no maki' (Chapter of the Sword) in alternative versions of 'Heike Monogatari' such as 'Genpei Seisui ki' (The Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and Taira Clans) or 'Yashirobon' (unauthorized book), which became the basis for most Hashihime stories.
- ここにおいて、「オチ」という語は、本来の「結末」の意味は既に失われ、単に笑わせどころ(作者が読者を笑わせるための仕掛けを施した箇所)の意としてのみ使われている。
- In these cases, the word 'ochi' loses its original meaning of 'ending' and is used just as a kind of device to cause a laugh (where artists placed a device to make readers laugh).
- しかし、その後、金銭報告の音沙汰がないことから、日を増すごとに一部の読者から不満の声があがり、8月に入るとこの件でコメント欄に多くの声が寄せられるようになった。
- However, as nothing had been reported concerning the amount since then, some blog readers voiced discontent and many complaints were written in the comment column in August.
- ただ、万葉仮名の「共」を逆説の確定条件を示す接続助詞「ども」や「とも」として用いる例はないので、上のいずれの読み方であっても「ともに寝る」という解釈がされている。
- As '共' (Tomo) of Manyogana (early Japanese syllabary composed of Chinese characters used phonetically) has never been used as conjunctions of 'domo' and 'tomo' indicating fixed conditions of paradox, both of the above reading have been interpreted as 'sleep together.'
- 本来は黒漆塗りのシンプルなものであり、その非装飾的な造形からは見所により「名物」として優劣をつけられていた茶入を尊んだ既存の茶の湯への抵抗を読み取ることが出来る。
- Originally, natsume was finished in plain black lacquer and, from its non-decorative design, we can see the backlash against the existing Chanoyu (the tea ceremony), that valued 'excellent' chaire based on the judgment from a point of view.
- 著書である『五輪書』は、現代も人生哲学書として、あるいは経営、スポーツなどの指導書としても読まれ、日本のみならず翻訳されて世界各地で愛読され影響を与え続けている。
- His book 'Gorin no sho' is still read by many people not only in Japan but also all over the world through many translations and it has broad influence as a philosophical essay about life or as instruction on business and sports.
- 『保元物語』は『平家物語』と違い、読み本系・語り本系という分類は明確にはできないものであるが、この宝徳本は犬井善壽によって、語り本系統のものではないかとされている。
- Unlike 'Heike Monogatari,' it is hard to clearly classify the variant texts of 'Hogen Monogatari' into the Yomihon (books for reading) and Katarihon (books for telling) lines, but Yoshitoshi INUI asserts that the Hotokubon belongs to the Katarihon line.
- 近世の大和民族は、世界的に見ても識字率が高い民族であり、江戸時代に海外から来日した外国人は、大和民族が身分や男女の別なく文字が読める事を驚きと共に本国に伝えている。
- In modern times, the Yamato race has such a high literacy rate on a global basis that a foreigner who came to Japan in the Edo period reported that he was surprised that the Yamato people were able to read regardless of their status or sex.
- 一般的な葬儀ミサと通常のミサとの違いは、会場が葬儀にふさわしく装飾されることと、聖書の朗読箇所・聖歌・祈り・説教の内容などが葬儀にあわせて選ばれるということである。
- A funeral mass is different from a regular mass in that the site is decorated properly for funeral rites and a part of the Bible to be read, hymns, prayers, contents of the sermon and so on are selected adequately for funeral rites.
- それぞれ無節(節なしと読む)、止め節(節が切り止め部分にある)、中節(節が茶杓の中間に位置するものや、それより上にあるもの、下にくるものがある)と節の位置が変わる。
- The location of fushi varies with the three styles: fushi-nashi, which does not have any knots, for the Shin style; tome-bushi, which has a knot at the bottommost part, for the Gyo style; and naka-bushi, which has a knot at the middle point of Chashaku or sometimes at an upper or lower location than the middle point, for the So style.
- 一方、錦絵と説明の組み合わせが錦絵新聞に近い様式をもつが、内容が「新聞記事」ではないため「錦絵新聞」とは言えないものに、「勧善懲悪読切講釈」や「名誉新聞」等がある。
- On the other hand, there were 'Kanzenchoaku Yomikiri Koshaku' (poetic-justice each-volume-concluded story-telling), 'Meiyo Shinbun' (honor newspaper), etc., which could not be said to be 'nishiki-e-shinbun' because their contents were not 'newspaper articles' though the combination of nishiki-e prints and explanatory texts in each of them had a style similar to that of nishiki-e shinbun.
- 『ジャンプスクエアセカンド』vol.1(集英社)において『機巧童子ULTIMO0』(カラクリどうじウルティモ:ゼロ)というタイトルで序章が読み切りとして掲載された。
- Its prologue story titled 'Karakuri-Doji ULTIMO Zero' was published as a one-shot story in 'Jump Square Second' Volume 1 (a magazine published by Shueisha, Inc.).
- 修二会の過去帳拝読で読まれる「青衣の女人(しょうえのにょにん)」や、葛城山の枕詞(木幡、忍坂山等にも掛かる)の「青旗」等、「青」の意味を考える価値はあると考えられる。
- Shoe no nyonin' (a women in blue cloth) in the reading of a family register of deaths in Shuni-e (Omizu-tori or Sacred Water-drawing Festival) or 'blue flag' in the makurakotoba (a set epithet) of Mt. Katsuragi and so on, the meaning of 'blue' is worth of considering.
- 地名の由来については坂あるいは険し(さがし)などの地形に由来するという説と中国西安(長安)郊外の「巀辥山(さつがつさん)」を「嵯峨山」とも読んだからだという説がある。
- Some say the name comes from 'saka' or 'sagashi' meaning a sloppy terrain; others say Chinese 'Mt. Satsugatsu'--located in the suburb of Xian City (Choan, ancient capital of China)--was read as 'Mt. Saga.'
- 中入りなしの一段ものだが、「安宅までの道行」「勧進帳読み上げ」「義経打擲(ちょうちゃく)」「難を逃れた主従の対話」「富樫が追ってきて酒宴になる」の五場にわけられよう。
- Although it is a one-act without intermission, it can be separated into five scenes; 'Trip to Ataka,' 'Reading out kanjincho,' 'Thrashing Yoshitsune,' 'Dialogue between the master and the servant getting out of trouble' and 'Feast after Togashi runs after them.'
- 天文に関する現象は国家の存亡に関わる重大な現象であると捉えられ、天文生といえども勝手に天文に関する図書を読むことが許されない程であった(「養老律令」雑令・秘書玄象条)。
- As phenomena related to tenmon were considered to significantly affect the fate of the country, even students of tenmon were not allowed to read books on tenmon freely ('Yororitsuryo' zoryo Hisho gensho jo).
- そこで、完成の翌年である養老5年(721年)には早くも、『日本書紀』を自然な日本語で読むべく、宮中において時の博士が貴族たちの前で講義するという機会が公的に設けられた。
- Therefore, in 721, which was the following year after completion, there was an official opportunity for masters at the time to have a lecture in front of nobles at the Imperial Palace in order to read 'Nihonshoki' in natural Japanese.
- また近年、漆紙文書のかたちで秋田城や多賀城、下野国国府跡など地方の城柵や官衙から、戸籍木簡としては周防国国府などで出土しており、赤外線による解読作業がおこなわれている。
- Family registers have been recently excavated from local josaku (official defense sites) and kanga (government offices) such as Akita-jo Castle, Taga-jo Castle and the remains of the provincial capital of Shimotsuke in the form of urushigami monjo (Lacquer documents); as well as from the provincial capital of Suo in the form of koseki mokkan (narrow, long and thin pieces of wood strung together that were used to write family registers), and are being deciphered with an infrared ray.
- 幇間(ほうかん、または、たいこ、とも読む。)は、宴席やお座敷などの酒席において主や客の機嫌をとり、自ら芸を見せ、さらに芸者・舞妓を助けて場を盛り上げる男性の職業をいう。
- Hokan (also called Taiko) is a profession of a man who indulges hosts and guests at a drinking party such as a banquet or ozashiki (banquets in which guests are attended by geisha), does performances himself, and helps geisha (Japanese professional female entertainers at drinking party) and maiko (apprentice geisha) to set the groove.
- 江戸時代の浄瑠璃の一節や柳樽(やなぎだると読み、柳多留とも表記する)という雑俳(巷から集めた俳句)の書籍のなかに「祭り」を男女の性行為の例えとして用いている表現がある。
- There was expressions likening a sexual activity between a man and woman to 'matsuri' in a phrase of Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a shamisen accompaniment) and in a book of zappai (playful literature originating from haiku [a Japanese poem in seventeen syllables having a 5-7-5 syllabic form and traditionally containing a reference to the seasons]) (haiku collected in the streets) called yanagidaru (box-shaped, lacquered liquor cask) (written as 柳樽 and also as 柳多留 in Chinese characters) in the Edo period.
- また、講談は古くは大正時代頃まで見台に講釈本(代々師匠から受け継いだ物や自身が記した物であらすじや登場人物が書かれている)を置き読みながら演じられる事がしばしばあった。
- Until the Taisho period, rakugo was often performed while reading koshakubon (text for koshaku) on kendai, which contained the story line and the characters, and which had been passed on from the masters generation after generation.
- 速疾とは読んで字のごとく、すみやか・はやいということ、また頓は漸の対義語でこれもまた、たちまち・すみやかにということで、速疾頓成とは、すみやかに成仏することを意味する。
- 'Sokushitsu' literally means 'quick' or 'fast', and 'ton' is the antonym for 'Zan,' also meaning 'quickly' or 'immediately'; 'Sokushitsutonjo' means to become a Buddha quickly.
- 特に荻生徂徠らに中国語を教えたこともある岡嶋冠山、さらに岡田白駒、都賀庭鐘、沢田一斎らによって出版物や講義の形で一般に俗語小説が広められ、読本が生まれる環境が作られた。
- People such as Kanzan OKAJIMA, who taught Chinese to Sorai OGYU and others, Hakku Okada, Teisho TSUGA and Issai SAWADA popularized the novels written in Chinese popular terms by way of publishing books on them and giving lectures, and thus they prepared the ground for the birth of Yomihon.
- 同年4月9日、摂津国の主だった国衆達は細川高国方につき、また大内義興軍が接近しつつある情勢を不利と読んだ細川澄元や三好之長は、自らの屋敷に火を放ち再び近江国に落ち延びた。
- On May 18, 1508, Sumimoto HOSOKAWA and Yukinaga MIYOSHI realized the disadvantage of having a band of kunishu (local samurai) who ruled Settsu Province take the side of Takakuni HOSOKAWA and also of the army of Yoshioki OUCHI close at hand, set fire to their residence and fled to Omi Province again.
- 大正年間に出土した時はには完全であったが、その後刀身の半分が失われたために銘文もわずか末尾の12文字しか残っているに過ぎず、しかもさびが進んでいて解読できる御字が少ない。
- When it was excavated during the Taisho era, it was in perfect condition, but later a half of the blade's body was lost, therefore only twelve letters of inscription from the bottom remained, and moreover there were only a few letters to be deciphered because of rust.
- 学制以来の明治政府の啓蒙主義的な教育政策を否定し、明治以前の儒教中心の教育に戻すこと、庶民教育は読み書き算盤を主体とする実学と儒教的徳目育成のみで十分とする趣旨であった。
- Opposed to the thought-provoking education policy of the Meiji government that had been in place since the Government Order of Education in Japan, Kyogaku Seishi wanted to return to the type of Confucian-centered educational system that had been pursued prior to the Meiji period; he believed that just practical learning with the main focus on reading, writing and arithmetic combined with the teaching of Confucian-type virtues was sufficient for the masses.
- しかし『万国公法』を読むことによって、あるいは駐在公使として直接海外に赴く人が増えたことで、西欧諸国間にも徳に基づくルールが存在するのだという認識が徐々に広まっていった。
- However, by reading 'Bankoku Koho' and increase in the number of people going abroad as minister, realization that there was a rule based on virtue in Western countries gradually gained ground.
- これは「静岡おでん」(発音は静岡市周辺での「静岡」の読み方にならって「しぞーかおでん」)と呼ばれており、この呼び方をセールスポイントにしている店や書籍も多数存在している。
- This Oden is called 'Shizoka Oden' ('Shizoka' is the local pronunciation of 'Shizuoka' around Shizuoka City), with the pronunciation used as a selling point in many shops/restaurants and books.
- 鎌倉時代ごろから「菖蒲」が「尚武」と同じ読みであること、また菖蒲の葉が剣を形を連想させることなどから、端午は男の子の節句とされ、男の子の成長を祝い健康を祈るようになった。
- Because the word for Japanese iris was pronounced same as the word for martial spirit (both were pronounced 'shobu') and also the shape of leaves of Japanese iris remind people of swords, tango was determined as the sekku for boys and people prayed for the healthy growth of boys.
- 源義経主従が奥州に落ちる途中、安宅の関で関守にとめられ、弁慶がいつわりの勧進帳(寺院などの建立にあたって寄進を集めるための公認の趣意書)を読んでその場を逃れた逸話を描く。
- It depicts an anecdote that MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and his servants were stopped at the Ataka barrier station by a barrier keeper on the way they fled to the Oshu area, and Benkei read out a false kanjincho (a prospectus to gather donation for establishing a temple), which led them to get away from the situation.
- 読み札の表面には大和絵ふうの歌人の肖像(これは歌仙絵巻などの意匠によるもの)と作者の名、和歌が記されており、取り札にはすべて仮名 (文字)書きで下の句だけが書かれている。
- On the obverses of the yomi-fuda are written the tanka with the poets' names and portraits; the portraits are drawn in the Yamato-e painting style (a traditional painting style developed since the Heian period) based on the portraits in Kasen Emaki (picture scroll of portraits of outstanding poets); on the obverses of the tori-fuda are written only shimo-no-ku (the forth phrase and the fifth phrase of the five phrases of one tanka) in hiragana character.
- 古今和歌集の仮名序に見る王仁の作とされるこの歌は百人一首には含まれてはいないが、全日本かるた協会が競技かるたの際の序歌に指定しており、大会の時に一首目に読まれる歌である。
- A poem supposedly created by Wani introduced in Kokin Wakashu Kanajo is not included in Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets) but is designated as a joka to be read at the beginning of a karuta card competition held by the All-Japan Karuta Association.
- 文学史上の位置づけとしては、『雨月物語』は建部綾足の『西山物語』などと同じ、元禄文化と化政文化の間、安永・天明文化期の、流行が浮世草子から転換しつつあった初期読本にあたる。
- In literary history, 'Ugetsu Monogatari' is considered to be an early yomihon like 'The Tales of Nishiyama,' written by Ayatari TAKEBE, between the periods of the Genroku and Kasei cultures or the Anei and Temmei cultural periods during which ukiyozoshi was becoming obsolete.
- この作品とその前作の『英草子』は、読本の祖というべきもので、それまで流行していた浮世草子とはちがって、原典(白話小説)のはっきりと分かる、中国趣味を前面にだしたものだった。
- This work and his previous work, 'Hanabusa Soshi,' were different from the ukiyo zoshi that had been in fashion until then, and should be called the first yomihon whose original texts (hakuwa shosetsu) were evident, emphasizing a Chinese flavor.
- それらの製品では袋を取り出し、麺の上に置いてから湯を注ぐなど、製品ごとに様々な違いも見られるため、湯を注ぐ前にパッケージに記載された説明書きなどを読んでおく事が勧められる。
- Those products vary such as taking out the bag, putting on noodles, and pouring hot water, thereby it is recommended to read the instructions and others described in a package before pouring hot water.
- 『東武皇帝の実像ー戊辰の歴史に埋もれたもう一人の天皇』山陰久志(『別冊歴史読本 皇位継承の危機 皇室典範改正に向けて皇統の本義に迫る!』新人物往来社、2005年5月25日号)
- 'The truths of the Emperor Tobu - Another Emperor buried under the history of Boshin', Hisashi YAMAKAGE ('Separate volume history book, Crisis of succession to the Imperial Throne, Approach the basic principle of the imperial line toward Revision of Imperial House Act', Shinjinbutsu Oraisha, issued on May 25, 2005)
- その報告を受けて、孝謙天皇は仲麻呂を傍らに置いて、塩焼王、安宿王、黄文王、橘奈良麻呂、大伴古麻呂を前に「謀反の企てがあるとの報告があるが自分は信じない」との宣命を読み上げた。
- After receiving the report from the hearing, Empress Koken, with Nakamaro beside him, read an imperial edict in front of Prince Shioyaki, Prince Asukabe, Prince Kibumi, TACHIBANA no Naramaro and OTOMO no Komaro that established her disbelief in the conspiracy even though there was a report that confirmed the ensuing rebellion.
- そこで商人の側としては、幕府の次なる政策を先読みして、たとえば酒株酒造石高を水増し申告しておき、減醸石高を言いつけられても商売にさしつかえないように図ったりした店も多かった。
- On the merchant's part, many of stores foresaw the next possible measures by the bakufu to try not to be hindered in their business, for instance, they made a padded filing for the Sakekabu/Kokudaka (yield) of sake brewing preparing for a possibility that they were required to reduce their sake brewing Kokudaka.
- アメリカ、ドイツ、大韓民国、中国などの国々にも似たようなものがあるが、日本との文化的な違いから漫才のように空気を読んだノリツッコミやドツくのようなパフォーマンスは見られない。
- Other countries such as the U.S.A., Germany, Korea and China also have similar types of entertainment; however, no performance where nori-tsukkomi and dotsuki (hitting your partner) are seen in these countries due to cultural differences.
- 「能々口伝(よくよくくでん)、可秘(ひすべし)、可秘」と冒頭に書かれ、筆者が門外不出の技術を書物にあらわすのに、これを読む後継者たちにかなりの守秘を喚起しているのが興味深い。
- It is interesting to read at the beginning 'Teach orally in confidence' to draw attentions of his successors to keep secrets of the author's techniques.
- 宇江の2度目の踏査録宇江 2004bは、2002年(平成14年)の踏査の記録で、1度目の踏査とあわせて読むと小辺路の20年を経ての変容をうかがい知ることが出来る点でも興味深い。
- Ue 2004b' was a result of the second exploration by Ue which was conducted in 2002, and it is a very interesting report as well as the report of the first exploration which was conducted twenty years ago, since they give the information of the changes of Kohechi of the twenty years.
- そして、1911年(明治44年)1月19日付の読売新聞社説に「もし両朝の対立をしも許さば、国家の既に分裂したること、灼然火を賭るよりも明かに、天下の失態之より大なる莫かるべし。
- In the editorial of Yomiuri Shinbun issued January 19, 1911, the following idea was proposed: 'If both dynasties are allowed to oppose each other, it is clear that the nation is divided and this is the fault of the government.
- 写本による流通が主であった時代には大部の書物は全体の中から自分が残したい、あるいは人に読ませたいと考えた部分だけを書き写すといった形で流通することも少なくなかったと考えられる。
- In the time when the manuscripts were made by people, it was not unusual that people copied only a part of the whole book which they wanted to keep, or have somebody read.
- 餓鬼阿弥が小栗の墓から現われたのを見た上人は手紙を読み、小栗を車に乗せると、「この車を引くものは供養になるべし」と胸に木の札に書きしたため多くの人に引かれ美濃の青墓に到着する。
- Having seen a starving demon emerging from Oguri's tomb, Yugyo Shonin read the letter, put Oguri on a cart, and wrote 'One who pulls this cart will certainly contribute to the repose of the dead' on a wooden tag on his chest, and therefore Oguri was led by many people and reached Aobaka in Mino Province.
- 筆子塚(ふでこづか)とは、江戸時代に庶民の教育機関であった寺子屋や家塾で、読書算や実務教育を教わった教え子が、師匠が死んだ際にその遺徳を偲んで、建てた墓である塚、または供養塔。
- Fudekozuka is a mound or a memorial tower built by the students of terakoya (private elementary school) or kajuku (private school) which were educational institution for common people in the Edo period, to the memory of their late teacher who taught them reading, writing, arithmetic and other practical arts.
- 針生(定員30名)は、針博士の下で基礎教養2年及び専門教育7年(実技及び専門書の講読)を受けた後、針博士による卒業・任官試験を受けて合格したものが針師として針治療の実務にあたる。
- After the students of acupuncture (limited to 30 people) finished a two year basic course and seven years of professional training (skill practice and technical book reading) under a Hari hakase, they took the final and commissioning exam held by their Hari Hakase and those who passed it started acupuncture treatment as acupuncturists.
- 後世の研究では、秋田の蝦夷の帰順を得た阿倍比羅夫(藤崎系図)に起源をもとめたり、蝦夷をアイヌの祖先と同一視する立場からabeをapeと読み替えて完全な土着の先住民とみる説もある。
- Studies in the later years have also presented with opinions that the origin of the Abe clan could be sought through ABE no Hirafu (the Fujisaki genealogy) who forced the Ezo (natives in the northern districts of Japan) in Akita into submission; or by changing the reading of the name from 'abe' to 'ape' from the standpoint of identifying the Ezo with the ancestors of the Ainu tribe, the Abe clan could be seen as completely indigenous.
- この翻刻が与えた歴史的影響は非常に大きく、ある研究では「此書は維新当初の開国方針を決するに重大なる参考書となり、また経典の如き権威を以て読まれた」と評している(尾佐竹1932)。
- The historical impact given by the reprint was major; according to a research it is evaluated 'The book was primary guide to decide the policy of opening of a country at the early stage of the restoration and read as if it was some sort of scripture' (Osatake 1932).
- 日本にはおそらく奈良時代頃に伝来した豉(し、日本ではくきと読まれ久喜の字もあてられていた)と考えられている塩豉(後の塩辛納豆)と淡豉(平安以降歴史から姿を消す)との2種類がある。
- In Japan there were two types: enshi (later shiokara natto) and tanshi (which vanished into history after the Heian period), and they are believed to be shi (pronounced as 'kuki' in Japan and the kanji '久喜' was also used for the word) which is deemed to have been introduced in around the Nara period.
- 「守貞漫稿」を読んでいくと、アイデアがあって少し工夫をすれば、実用新案法や特許法などという煩雑な法律のなかった時代のこと、新商品を作り出して商売を始めるのは容易だったと思われる。
- When the 'Morisadamanko' is read more, it would appear that it was easy to develop new products to start the business if they came up with ideas and exercised a little ingenuity during the time when there were no troublesome laws such as Utility Model Act and Patent Act.
- 一方、吉宗の侍医として仕えていた荻生は「大明律例訳義」が原文を載せていないことに批判的で1723年(享保8年)に明律原文に校訂・句読を施した「官准刊行明律(訓点本明律)」を著した。
- Meanwhile, Ogyu who served as the court physician for Yoshimune, was critical of the fact that 'Daiminritsureiyakugi' did not contain the original text, and in 1723, authored 'Kanjunkankominritsu' (kuntenbonminritsu), which added revisions and punctuation to the original Ming code.
- 漢書で一般的な里約400メートルを用い、方角も正確だとの前提に立って直線距離で考えると、上陸地点から陸行500里の伊都国は、九州北岸から200km東南の宮崎県=日向としか読めない。
- If you use ri as a measurement of distance, which is about 400 meters and is generally used in historical records of the Han Dynasty, and think in a straight line bearing right, there is only one possible location for the state of Ito which was 500 ri in-land from the embarkation point, that is Hyuga, Miyazaki Prefecture, 200 Km to the southeast of the northern shore of Kyushu.
- 『万葉集』においては、「みやび」と訓読み歴史が振られ、「好き心」などの意味も有したが、平安時代には歌合などの行事に用いる故事や文芸作品に由来する作り物や衣装などの意味で用いられた。
- In the 'Manyoshu', it was given the Japanese reading 'Miyabi' and held the additional meaning of 'a curious mind'; in the Heian period, it meant historical events which were quoted in Utaawase (events where poems were written and read by two competing groups) or other events, objects or clothes from literature.
- 中院流の四度加行の過程を記せば、十八道の正行に入るためには、懺悔滅罪のための行として108遍(もしくは21遍)の礼拝(らいはい)をして、読経・真言念誦をする礼拝加行(加行)を行う。
- The Shidokegyo of the Chuin school requires the start of Sho-gyo discipline in the Juhachi-do with worship repeated 108 times (or 21 times) as practice to repent and seek forgiveness of sins and later by raihai-kegyo (kegyo) of chanting the sutra and the mantra.
- 納涼床(のうりょうゆか、のうりょうどこ)、あるいは川床(鴨川 (淀川水系)では「かわゆか」、貴船、高雄 (京都市)では「かわどこ」と読むのが一般的)は京都の夏の風物詩の一つである。
- Noryo-yuka (Noryo-doko) or the riverbed (in general, for the Kamo-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River water system), it is pronounced as 'kawayuka;' for Kifune or Takao in Kyoto, it is pronounced as 'kawadoko') is one of the poetic sceneries of the Kyoto summer.
- 応募された詠進歌の中から選者によって選出された「選歌」の詠進者は皇居に招聘され、宮殿松の間における歌会始の儀にて詠進歌が披講(=読み上げること。披講は綾小路流で行われる。)される。
- Writers of 'selected poems' are invited to the Imperial Palace and their poems are recited (in the manner of the Ayanokojiryu School) in Matsu no Ma (State Room) at the ceremony of Utakai Hajime.
- もちろん、多くの札を取った人が勝ちとなるが、取り札である読み札には漢字が混じるため視覚からくる思わぬ錯覚なども加わって、思わぬところで「お手付き」があるのもこのゲームの特徴である。
- The player who takes the most cards is the winner as well; players often touch the wrong cards and are penalized since difficult kanji characters written on the e-fuda can play tricks on a players' eyes.
- 朱子学においては読書や静坐を重視したが、陽明はそうした静的な環境で修養を積んでも一旦事があった場合役には立たない、日常の生活・仕事の中で良知を磨く努力をしなければならない、と説いた。
- Shushigaku emphasizes reading and meditation, whereas Wang Yangming stated that however hard a person cultivated himself in the static environment, such cultivation did not work if something serious happened, and that a person should strive to improve ryochi through daily life and work.
- 「勧修寺」の寺名とともに、今日では「かじゅうじ」と読むのが一般的だが、中世日本の書籍等では「くわんしゆし」との平仮名表記も散見され、「かんじゅじ」とも読まれていたことがうかがわれる。
- Today, the characters of the family name are generally read, in the same way as those of the temple by the same name, as 'Kajuji,' but the hiragana (today read as 'kuwanshiyushi') occasionally found in medieval books suggests that they were also read as 'Kanjuji.'
- が、前項で記されている長岡京での騒動が原因のひとつとして、再び遷都された理由により、新京では悪いことが起こらず「平安」(訓読みは「たいら」)であって欲しいという意味が込められている。
- However, since the turmoil of the Nagaoka-Kyo, previously mentioned, was one of reasons for relocation, they wished the name to have 'Heian' (Kun-yomi 'Taira') (peace and tranquility) to avoid the new capital having any bad luck.
- しかし、昭和21年(1946)になって、田中重太郎(1917-1987年)によって三巻本第2類本が再評価され、第二次大戦後はもっぱらその方が出版、教科書採用され読まれる状況となった。
- However, in 1946, when Jutaro TANAKA (1917-1987) reevaluated the second class of Sankanbon, it came to be considered more important and was published more, being used as a textbook and read at school after the war.
- 日蓮正宗の場合、さらに枕元に導師本尊(故人の即身成仏のための本尊、通夜・葬儀では祭壇奥に掲げる)を掲げ、僧侶(原則として所属寺院の住職)の導師によって行われ、読経の途中で焼香をする。
- In the Nichiren Sho sect, a Doshi Honzon (a honzon, or principal image of Buddha, for Sokushin Jobutsu (attaining Buddhahood with the present body) for the deceased, is placed at the back of the altar during the tsuya (wake, all-night vigil over a body) and the funeral ceremony), is also placed by the pillow, and the priest, usually belonging to that temple, who is a doshi (officiating monk), conducts the makura-kyo, during which incense is burnt.
- また、鎌倉市二階堂にあり現在宮内庁が管理している「護良親王墓」に関しても大正4年の『陵墓要覧』のなかに「もりながしんのうはか」とのルビがあり、鎌倉宮と同じく「もりなが」と読んでいる。
- In the Directory of Imperial Tombs, referring to the Tomb of the Prince (located in Nikaido, Kamakura City and now managed by the Imperial Household Agency), there is a pronunciation guide that says the letters inscribed on the gravestone are pronounced 'morinaga shinno no haka' (Tomb of the Prince Morinaga), the same annotation as at Kamakura-gu.
- あるいは、『源氏物語』の葵の上が六条御息所の嫉妬心に悩まされ、その生怨霊にとりつかれた時、般若経を読んで御修法(みずほう)を行い怨霊を退治したから、般若が面の名になったともいわれる。
- Alternatively, it is also said that Hannya became the mask's name because when Aoi no ue (Lady Aoi) in 'The Tale of Genji' was agonized by Rokujo no Miyasudokoro's jealousy and became possessed by her vengeful spirit, she read the Hannya-kyo Sutra (Perfection of Wisdom Sutra) to perform a mizuho (an esoteric rite) and conquered the vengeful spirit.
- 翌年、伏姫に懐妊のしるしがあらわれ、山中で出会った仙童から八房が玉梓の呪詛を負っていたこと、読経の功徳によりその怨念は解消されたものの、八房の気を受けて種子を宿したことが告げられる。
- The next year Princess Fuse showed signs of pregnancy, and a child hermit whom she encountered in the mountain told her that Yatsufusa had been cursed by Tamazusa, that Tamazusa's curse had been cleared up by the merit of the sutras but that Princess got pregnant with Yatsufusa's ki (essence, phenomenon).
- 1910年になるまで朝鮮語に翻訳されたものは刊行されなかったが、日本がすぐ反応して多くの読者を獲得し、同時に翻刻・和訳・注釈と様々なバージョンが生み出されていったのとは好対照といえる。
- Until 1910 there was no Korean translated version and the fact is opposite to Japan, where people quickly responded to the new thoughts, many became readers of the book and various versions such as reprint, translated and with translator's notes came out.
- これらの神社は、明治維新後、官幣社に列せられ、政府機関である神祇官の管理の下に置かれており、神祇官は、当時の研究水準を踏まえて「良」を「なが」と読むことで統一していたものと考えられる。
- These shrines were under the control of Jingikan, a governmental institution in charge of Shinto affairs, and categorized as 'Kanpei-sha' (Shrines served by Jingikan), and therefore, it can be thought that Jingikan had established the rule to pronounce the letter 良 as 'naga.'
- 『八犬伝』は江戸時代の戯作文芸の代表作の一つであり、大衆文化への影響力も大きなものであったが、江戸読本への文学的評価の低さもあいまって、長らく文学研究の主要な対象とはされてこなかった。
- 'Hakkenden' is a leading gesaku during the Edo period and has such a great influence on popular culture, but it has not been treated as a major subject of literary study for a long time due to the low literary evaluation of Yomihon during the Edo period.
- しかし近代以降世阿弥の研究が多岐に渡って行われ、多くの人々に広く読まれているのに対し、禅竹は「観念的」「難解」と一段低く見られる傾向が強く、禅鳳以降にもなるとほとんど顧みられていない。
- In modern times, while Zeami's Nohgaku theories have been extensively studied and read by many people, Zenchiku's theories have tended to be thought of less for the reason of being 'ideological' and 'difficult' and drew little attention after Zenpo appeared.
- 承久3年(1221年)の承久の乱に際しては幕府首脳部一員として最高方針の決定に加わり、尼将軍北条政子が御家人たちに頼朝以来の恩顧を訴え、京方を討伐するよう命じた演説文を景盛が代読した。
- When the Jokyu War occurred in 1221, Kagemori participated in the decision of most important policy as a member of leadership team of bakufu; and read the speech by proxy in which the ama shogun (nun warlord) Masako HOJO pled with gokenin for taking favorable actions as in the time of Yoritomo and ordered to subdue kyogata (the Kyoto side or supporters of the Imperial court in Kyoto).
- 平成10年(1998年)度に行われた秋田城(秋田県秋田市)第72次調査で見つかった漆紙文書は、国立歴史民俗博物館の平川南教授の赤外線カメラを用いた解読によって死亡帳であることが判明した。
- The lacquer-infiltrating paper document found in the 72nd research of Akita-jo Castle (Akita City, Akita Prefecture) in 1998 turned out to be Shibocho through decipherment using an infrared camera by Professor Minami HIRAKAWA of the National Museum of Japanese History.
- この時、御誓文の写しを貰った木戸孝允は翌日には「かの御誓文は昨夜反復熟読したが、実によくできておる。この御主意は決して改変してはならぬ。自分の目の黒い間は死を賭しても支持する」と語った。
- Takayoshi KIDO was given a copy of Charter Oath at that time and on the next day he said 'I read that Charter Oath carefully more than once and found it remarkable. The main idea shouldn't be changed. I support it with my life as long as I'm alive.'
- 『源氏物語』の巻々が執筆された順序については、「桐壺」から始まる現在読まれている順序で書かれたとするのが一般的な考えであるが、必ずしもそうではないとする見方も古くから様々な形で存在する。
- The order in which the chapters of 'The Tale of Genji' would have been written is generally considered the same as the present order, starting with 'Kiritsubo,' but in this regard there have been various opinions since the old times.
- 『読史余論』の自跋には「右三冊ハ正徳 (日本)二年春夏之間、座ヲ賜テ古今ヲ論ジ申セシ時ノ講章ノ草本也」とあるが、実際に稿本が完成されたのはそれ以前であることが漢文の自跋によって知られる。
- Although he said in his afterword to 'Tokushi Yoron' that 'these three books above are drafts of lecture notes from when I gave lectures on ancient and modern times in the presence of my master from spring to summer in the second year of Shotoku (Japan),' it is known from the afterword in kanbun (Sino-Japanese) that in fact the original draft was completed before then.
- 「発見」によって、国際法の法源と儒教とは親和性を持つかのような印象を読者に与え、その結果「万国公法」(=近代国際法)は中華も含めた世界規模の「普遍性」を持ったものとして受容されていった。
- Through such 'discovery,' readers became to have an impression that the origin of international law and Confucianism had affinity with each other and, as a result, 'bankoku koho' (modern international law) was accepted as one with global 'universality' including China.
- 藩学校が武士の師弟を教育し、寺子屋が庶民を対象として、読み書き算盤を教え、塾がその中間にあって武士も庶民も教えたという中で、郷学は教育内容の面では、それらとかなり重複する側面を持っていた。
- The young people of samurai families received education at domain-run schools, while the children of common people were taught the three R's; at private schools, which lay midway between the two, the children of samurai and ordinary people were taught; Gogaku had aspects that overlapped them in terms of educational content.
- 奉答文事件(ほうとうぶんじけん)は、明治36年(1903年)、衆議院議長河野広中が、開院勅語にたいする奉答文において、第1次桂内閣弾劾の文を朗読し、けっきょく衆議院解散に至った事件である。
- The Hotobun Incident was an incident which occurred in 1903, as a chairman of the House of Representatives, Hironaka KONO read impeachment of the First Taro KATSURA Cabinet in Hotobun (formal response speech) to the imperial rescript at the opening of the Diet, and this led to the dissolution of the House of Representatives in the end.
- 江戸時代には加藤磐斎の『徒然草抄』(1661年、寛文1年)北村季吟の『徒然草文段抄』(1667年、寛文7年)といった注釈書が書かれ、町人などに愛読されて江戸期の文化に多大な影響を及ぼした。
- During the Edo period, it became popular with the townspeople, having a great influence on Edo culture; Bansai KATO wrote 'Tsurezuregusa sho' (a commentary on Tsurezuregusa) in 1661 and Kigin KITAMURA wrote a commentary called 'Tsurezuregusa mondan sho' in 1667.
- 「余ハ此篇ヲ読ミ、私ニ我邦現今ノアル神道熱心家ハ決シテ緘黙スベキ場合ニアラザルヲ思フ、若シ彼等ニシテ尚ホ緘黙セバ余ハ彼等ハ全ク閉口シタルモノト見做サザルベカラズ」と述べ、神道家を挑発する。
- He wrote, 'I read the article and believed that true Shintoists in our country must not be silent with this article, if they keep quiet over this issue, I shall assume that they must be overwhelmed.' and provoked the Shintoist.
- ハンバーグの起源は、ドイツのハンブルクで労働者向けの食事として流行したタルタルステーキを焼き固め、ソースをかけて味付けした料理からだと言われている(「ハンバーグ」は、を英語読みしたもの)。
- The origin of 'hamburger' is said to derive from a steak tartar broiled and seasoned with sauces, which became popular as a common food for laborers in the German city of Hamburg (the term 'hanbagu' comes from an English pronunciation of 'Hamburg').
- しかし天文現象をもって災祥を説く行為や国家・天皇を論難して百姓を妖惑する行為、禁書(兵法書など)の習読や殺人・姦盗などの行為に対しては強制的な還俗の上で改めて律令法による処分が加えられた。
- However, those who interpreted astronomical events as good or bad omens, who deceived farmers by criticizing the state or emperor, who studied forbidden books (like strategy books), or who committed murder, rape or theft were punished according to the ritsuryo code after they were forcefully laicized.
- 邵雍は「先天図」を作って「数」で宇宙生成を説明し、周敦頤は「太極図」に基づいて『太極図説』を著し、「無極→太極→陰陽→五行→万物化生」の宇宙生成論を唱えた(朱熹は無極=太極と読み替えた)。
- ShoYo (Shao Yong) created the 'Senten-zu' (the innate figure) to describe the forming of the universe with 'numbers,' and Shu Ton-i (Zhou Dunyi) wrote 'The Theory Based on the Figure of Taiji ' based on 'the figure of Taiji' to preach forming a theory of the universe described as 'unlimitedness -> Taiji (the root of all things) -> yin yang (positive and negative, light and shade) -> Wu Xing (Five Movements, Five Phases) -> sudden appearance of all things' (Chu His interpreted unlimitedness as Taiji).
- 直衣での参内は天皇との私的なつながりを持つことを意味し、外戚や侍読等には優先的に許されるのが本来であったが(『禁秘抄』)、中世には基準が曖昧化して、公卿である程度年数を経たものが許された。
- Wearing Noshi meant a close relationship to the Emperor, originally Noshi was allowed for maternal relatives or a lecturer in the Imperial Household to wear, ('Kinpisho'), in the Medieval period there was no strict rules as to who were allowed to wear Noshi, most of the court nobles who held their position for a few years could wear Noshi.
- 源氏物語のそれぞれの部分についての研究がより精緻になるに従って源氏物語全体に一貫した主題を見つけることは困難になり、「読者それぞれに主題と考えるものが存在することになる。」という状況になる。
- As the study becomes deeper and more specific regarding each part of 'The Tale of Genji,' it becomes harder to find a consistent theme in the work; therefore, circumstances arise in which 'each reader conceives his or her own theme.'
- 恒例諸公事・同臨時・私儀・諸公事言説・禁中所々名・人体・院中・雑物・衣服・喪服・車具・文書の12の篇目に分類して約600語を採録し、その読み方を片仮名で傍書するとともに簡単な解説を付している。
- It contains about 600 words classified into twelve items of: annual public duties, extraordinary public duties, private duties, remarks on public duties, names of the places in the Imperial Palace, human body, titles of retired emperor, cloistered emperor, and nyoin (a close female relative of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing), sundries, clothes, mourning dress, ancient carriage parts, and documents, with reading of each appellation written beside it in katakana letters, and simple annotations.
- 「大政」は蜂須賀家資料と郷右近馨氏資料には即位は六月十五日(8月3日)とある部分でこの時すでに「大政」と改元されているかのように読めるが、菊池容斎資料では六月十六日に「大政」と改元したとある。
- According to the Hachisuka family materials and the materials of Kaoru GOKON, the enthronement was on June 15 (in old lunar calendar) (August 3 in new calendar) and era name has been already changed to 'Taisei' in April, whereas according to the materials of Yosai KIKUCHI, era name was changed to 'Taisei' on June 16 in old lunar calendar.
- 弁慶と富樫のやりとりの緊張感、勧進帳の読み上げの見事さ、一旦逃れられると思わせて足弱の山伏(実は義経)が見とがめられ、弁慶が思い切り主を杖で打つ場面、最期の酒宴の場の弁慶の舞など、見所が多い。
- There are a lot of highlights; the tension of the dialogue between Benkei and Togashi; the splendor of reading out kanjincho; the scene that a limping yamabushi (Yoshitsune in fact) is suspected when they pretend to get away, and Benkei hits his own master hard with a cane; Benkei's dance at the very last feast scene and so forth.
- 名詞をまず漢語で類聚し、意味により分類して項目立て、万葉仮名で日本語に対応する名詞の読み(和名・倭名)をつけた上で、漢籍(字書・韻書・博物書)を出典として多数引用しながら説明を加える体裁をとる。
- It was made in the following style: First, nouns were collected in Chinese, were grouped based on their meanings, an item name was given to each group of nouns, a Japanese pronunciation (called 'wamyo,' literally a Japanese name) of each of these nouns was given using Manyo-gana (a form of syllabary used in the Manyo-shu [Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves]), and to each noun, explanations were given by citing its Chinese document sources (dictionaries, Chinese dictionaries arranged by the final sound of each word, and encyclopedia).
- この間、唐の律令制を基本に、律と令にもとづいた政治を実施するために、700年(文武4年)に王臣に令文を読習させ、律条を撰定する作業に取りかかり、翌年の701年(文武5年)に大宝律令が制定された。
- In 700, Empress Jito made administrators learn Tang statutes in order to create a political system based on the ritsu (penal law) and ryou (administrative law) codes, following the model of the Tang (China) legal system, and in 701, the following year, the Taiho Code was completed.
- 内容面で言うと、読本の形式をとり、場面場面ではなく話の運びや、登場人物の人間性に重点をおいたものにしたこと、読者の想定を知識層におき、思想や歴史観、作中での議論を盛り込んだことなどがあげられる。
- As for the contents, it takes the form of yomihon without focusing on each scene but on the development of the plot and the human nature of the character; and it targets intellectuals, incorporating his ideas, view of history and arguments in the work.
- 読み書きが中心だが、寺子屋の師匠と教え子たちのつながりは、かなり長く続いたようで、房総半島では、そうした師匠が亡くなったのち、教え子たちがそのお墓をつくったものが、「筆子塚」として多数残っている。
- Reading and writing were mainly taught there, and apparently the teachers and students kept in touch for a long time; in the Boso Peninsula, many 'fudeko-zuka' are found, which are the graves of teachers constructed by their students.
- また、古代に「豊」を「て」、「で」、「てみ」、「でみ」、「とみ」、「どみ」等と読んだ可能性もある(この他にも、この山の名の由来についてはいろいろな面白い説があるが飯豊女王と関係ない話なので省略)。
- And there is a possibility that '豊' was read as 'te,' 'de,' 'temi,' 'demi,' 'tomi,' 'domi,' and so on in ancient times (in addition to this, concerning the origin of name of this mountain, there are many interesting theories, but they are not relevant to Iitoyo no himemiko and thus omitted.
- 主人公のかぐや姫も、垂仁天皇妃である迦具夜比売(かぐやひめ、大筒木垂根王の女)との関係や、赫夜姫という漢字が「とよひめ」と読めることからから豊受大神との関係について論じられるなど、様々な説がある。
- As to the main character Princess Kaguya, people made various suppositions; for example, a relationship with Emperor Suinin's consort Kaguyahime (a daughter of Otsuki no Miko (King Otsuki Tarine)), and a relationship with Toyouke Taijin (Grand Divine Toyouke) was discussed because the name of Kaguyahime written in Chinese characters (赫夜姫) can also be read as 'Toyohime.'
- また、江戸時代前期の国学者多田義俊が「十語五草」と呼んだ婦人の教養書一覧の中に「四鏡」や『枕草子』・『徒然草』とともに『弥世継』も挙げられていたことから、多田義俊が弥世継を読んでいた可能性もある。
- Also, there is a possibility that Yoshitoshi TADA, a scholar of Kokugaku (National Learning) in the first half of the Edo period, read Iya Yotsugi because he mentioned in a list of educational books for women called 'Jugo Goso' (Ten Narratives and Five Storybooks) along with 'Shikyo,' 'The Pillow Book' and 'Essays in Idleness.'
- この結果、皇朝銭の現存枚数は記録と比較してもきわめて少ないものとなり、とくに後期のものは低品質の影響で錆び、刻字が読めるものはごく稀で現在の古銭市場ではかえって莫大な値打ちをまねいている程である。
- As a result, number of existing Kocho-sen coins has become far fewer than recorded, with specifically inferior quality casting particularly in the latter period making them now corroded and difficult to read their engraved letters, while quite a few coins with readable letters are now priced high.
- なお、読売新聞が2005年8月6日、7日に行った宗教に関する世論調査では、宗教を信じないと答えた人が75%に上り、信じていると答えた人は23%と、1979年の調査の34%と比べて11%減っている。
- In an opinion poll on religion, conducted by the Yomiuri Shimbun on August 6 and 7, 2005, 75 percent answered they do not have faith in religion, while 23 percent answered they do, which is a 11 percent decline from 34 percent in the 1979 survey.
- 1933年4月、内務省 (日本)は滝川の著書『刑法講義』『刑法読本』に対し、その中の内乱罪、姦通罪に関する見解(後者については妻にだけ適用されることを批判した)などを理由として発売禁止処分を下した。
- The Ministry of Internal Affairs (Japan) ruled in April 1933 that Takigawa's books 'Keiho Kogi' and 'Keiho Dokuhon' were not allowed to be for sale because of his stance on insurrection crimes and adultery (which he criticized because it was only applicable to the wife).
- しかし、明治34年(1901年)に空手が沖縄県で学校の体育科に採用された頃から、唐手表記のまま、読み方が「トゥーディー」から「からて」へ改められ、意味も「手」も含めた琉球拳法一般を指すようになった。
- However, beginning in around 1901, when schools and colleges in Okinawa adopted karate as a subject of gymnastics classes, the pronunciation was changed from 'toudee' to 'karate,' and karate came to represent Ryukyu kenpo in general, including 'te.'
- そして、その「性」に立ち戻ること、すなわち「理」を体得することによって大本が得られ万事に対処することができるとし、そのための心の修養法に内省的な「居敬」と外界の観察や読書による「格物」とを主張した。
- He claimed that by returning to such 'nature,' that is, by realizing the 'law,' one can build the foundation and handle everything, and to train the mind for this, he advocated a reflective 'Kyokei' (keep the mind calm with concentrated consciousness at any moment in daily life) and 'Kakubutsu' (perceiving things or reading their information to reach the essential law) through observation of the world outside and reading.
- やがて、文章博士経験者が従来の明経博士経験者に代わって大学頭・侍読・式部大輔などの要職を独占して公卿に昇進する者も登場するようになり、明経道が管轄する儒学に関する事柄にも文章道が関与することもあった。
- Later, as those who experienced monjo hakase, instead of those who experienced myogyo hakase, began dominating important positions such as daigaku no kami, jidoku (imperial tutor) and shikibu no taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial) and some were even promoted to kugyo, monjodo sometimes became involved in Confucianism, which was under myogyodo's control.
- 曲水の宴(きょくすい<ごくすい>のえん)は、水の流れのある庭園などでその流れのふちに出席者が座り、流れてくる杯が自分の前を通り過ぎるまでに詩歌を読み、出来なければ罰として盃の酒を飲むという行事である。
- Kyokusui (or Gokusui) no en is a drinking party which involves cups of sake being floated down a stream in a garden, whereby participants seated on the bank had to improvise poems; if the participant could not compose a poem, he has to drink a cup of sake as a penalty.
- 民本主義と共に、議院内閣制の慣行・政党政治と大正デモクラシーを支え、また、美濃部の著書が高等文官試験受験者の必読書ともなり、大正時代半ばから昭和の初期にかけては、天皇機関説が国家公認の憲法学説となった。
- Along with the democracy, the Emperor Organ Theory supported practices in the parliamentary Cabinet system, and party government and Taisho Democracy, and also because Minobe's book became a bible of examinees for high civil officers, the theory became a constitutional doctrine approved by the state from the middle of Taisho period through early Showa period.
- 四明岳の表記、あるいは読みには多数の説があり、国土地理院による「四明岳(しめいがたけ、しめいだけ)」のほか、「京都市の地名」では「四明ヶ岳(しめがたけ)」、「四明峰(しみょうのみね)」などを挙げている。
- There are conflicting opinions as to the proper way to write and read 'Shimeigatake'; the GSI lists Shimeigatake/Shimeidake, while 'Place Names of Kyoto' lists Shimeigatake and Shimyo no Mine.
- 大宰府を日本最初の都城であるとする主張もわずかながら存在しているが、査読のある学術雑誌において肯定的に取り上げた学術論文は皆無であり、一般に九州王朝説及び関連する主張は科学的な学説とはみなされていない。
- Although there is a minor opinion that the Japan's first capital is Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region), there has been virtually no academic thesis which takes up this theory affirmatively in the scientific journals with peer review, and in general Kyushu dynasty theory and its related opinions are not considered as scientific theories.
- なお、御製が講ぜられる直前には、まず、講師がその年のお題を読み上げ、「…ということを詠ませたまえる御製(おおみうた)」と講師が言うと、天皇以外の出席者が全員起立して御製を拝聴するのが習わしとなっている。
- Customarily, just before the recitation of ohomi uta, koji says 'ohomi uta on the theme of -' and every participant except the emperor stands up to listen to that poem.
- そのため、旧勢力は東国武士たちの本音を読みとることができずに目先にある平氏打倒という目的のため、寿永二年十月宣旨の発給や源義仲の征夷大将軍への任命などといった、武士への大幅な権限委譲への道を開いてしまう。
- Therefore the old regime could not understand the Eastern bushi's real agenda and lacked foresight when it issued the Imperial Order of October 1183 and named MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka as Seii taishogun with the aim of destroying the Taira clan because it opened up the road to greater rights for the warrior class.
- 『源氏物語』を女房に読ませて聞いた一条天皇が作者を褒めて、きっと日本紀(日本紀は『続日本紀』によれば『日本書紀』のことであるので『日本書紀』をさすという説がある)をよく読みこんでいる人に違いないと言った。
- Emperor Ichijo had a court lady read aloud 'The Tale of Genji,' at which he praised the author, saying she must have been an eager reader of Nihongi (according to 'Shoku-Nihongi (Continuation of Chronicles of Japan),' whereby Nihongi refers to 'Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan)'; thus some people claim that 'Nihongi' in this context means 'Nihonshoki').
- 一般に年末の12月29日は「苦を搗く」音韻から九日餅(くんちもち)と呼び、年の暮れの数日間のうちその日だけは餅を搗いたり購入を避ける風習がある一方で二九を音韻からフク(福)と読み29日を迎える地域もある。
- Generally, December 29th at the end of the year is called kunchi-mochi (mochi on the 9th) because of the sound 'ku-wo-tsuku' (literally, to pound nine, meaning to pound agony) and there is a custom of avoiding pounding and purchasing mochi only on this day among the several days at the end of the year and, on the other hand, in some areas, the 29th is welcomed reading 29 as fuku (happiness) taking another way of reading the numbers 2 and 9.
- このことにより、日本では庶民の娯楽であり、読み古されたものやミスプリントが船便の梱包材に使われるほど安値で取引されていた浮世絵は、ヨーロッパで当時の日本人には考えられないほどの高値で取引される事になった。
- This brought about the situation in Europe that Ukiyoe pieces were traded at high prices that were unthinkable in Japan at the time, while in Japan Ukiyoe were for ordinary people's entertainment and secondhand and defective ones were traded at prices so low that they were used as packaging material for sea cargoes.
- このうちの磯泊散人について、「磯泊(しはと)」とは和名類聚抄にある幡豆郡八郷うちの一つで「しはつ」とも読み、転じて幡豆の語源ともいわれる地名であり、それに号に添えて用いる語の「散人」を合わせたものである。
- As for Shihato Sanjin of the above, 'Shihato' was one of the eight Go (an administrative area larger than a village) in Hazu County and was also read as 'Shihatsu,' which changed its meaning to the origin of the place name of Hazu, and 'Sanjin' used as a suffix to pseudonyms was added to it.
- 甲子太郎は「きねたろう」とも読まれるが、天意が革まって徳を備えた人に天命が下される「革令」の年とされる「甲子」にあやかったこと、同時代史料に「樫太郎」という表記も見られることから、「かしたろう」が正しい。
- The Japanese kanji for Kashitaro (甲子太郎) can also be read as 'Kinetaro', but the former reading is correct because the first two kanji of his given name were taken from 'Kasshi' (written as '甲子', meaning the first year in the Japanese 60-year calendar cycle, which is a year of 'Kakurei' when the will of heaven is renewed and heaven's decree is revealed to the virtuous); further evidence that Kashitaro is the correct reading is the fact that his name was sometimes written as '樫太郎' (pronounced 'Kashitaro') in historical records of that time.
- 観光シーズンになると積み残しが続出する状況も珍しくなく、慢性化している渋滞が更に悪化して所要時間が全く読めなくなる事から、鉄道各社線との乗り継ぎ利用でそれらのリスクを最小限に抑える利用方法を取る乗客もいる。
- During the tourist season, however, it is impossible to calculate the travel time by bus because buses often cannot carry all the people waiting at once and the chronic traffic jams get even worse, so some passengers minimize these risks by transferring to the trains of various railroad companies.
- 戒を授けるのは和上で、和上は食堂の賓頭盧尊者(びんずるそんじゃ)に向かって自誓自戒した後、練行衆全員に守るべき八斎戒(殺生、盗み、女性に接することなど)を一条ずつ読み聞かせて「よく保つや否や」と問いかける。
- It is Wajo who gives the precepts; after he does his self-ordination toward Binzuru-sonja in Jiki-do Hall, he reads Hassai-kai, eight precepts (murder, steal, contact with women and so on), which should be observed to all the Rengyoshu one by one, and asks 'Do you observe them well or not?'
- 『八犬伝』の当時の年間平均発行部数は500部ほどであったが、貸本により実際にはより多くの人々に読まれており、馬琴自身「吾を知る者はそれただ八犬伝か、吾を知らざる者もそれただ八犬伝か」と述べる人気作品であった。
- In those days 'Hakkenden' had an average circulation of 500 copies a year but it was read by a larger number of people than that through book lending, and it was so popular that Bakin himself said, 'Hakkenden for those who know me, Hakkenden even for those who don't know me.'
- こうして軍勢の統括者に提出された軍忠状は、内容に問題が無ければ、文書末尾(先頭の場合もあり)にその統括者の証判(花押)と文書を一読し承諾した旨(「一見了」「承了」「無相違」などの文言)が書かれて効力が発生する。
- When the Gunchujo was submitted to the administrator of the troops and certified to be true, the document took effect with the addition of the approval mark of the administrator (Kao [written seal mark]) at the end of the document (or the head in some cases) and with words along the lines of 'I looked through the above and agree that it does not differ from the facts.'
- 大きくわけると、刻み煙草を詰める火皿(椀形の部分)に首のついた「雁首」(火皿の付け根から羅宇と接合する部分まで)、口にくわえる部分の「吸い口」、それらをつなぐ管の「羅宇」(らう)ー(らお)とも読むーにわけられる。
- Roughly speaking, the kiseru is made up of 'gankubi' with a bowl to be filled up with shredded tobacco (the term gankubi suggests the part from the base of the bowl to the joint of rau), a mouthpiece to be put in mouth, and 'rau' - also pronounced 'rao,' a pipe connecting between the gankubi and the mouthpiece.
- 馬琴は『高尾船字文』『傾城水滸伝』など翻案作品を執筆しただけでなく、原典の翻訳『新編水滸画伝』の刊行に関わったほか、金聖嘆による七十回本を批判して百二十回本を正統とする批評を行うなど、『水滸伝』の精読者であった。
- Bakin was so intensive a reader of 'Suikoden' that he wrote such works as 'Takaosenjimon' and 'Keisei Suikoden' (A Courtesans' Shui hu chuan) adapting 'Suikoden,' was involved in the publication of 'Shinpen Suikogaden,' translation of the original, and insisted that the 120 episode version was orthodox, criticizing the 70 episode version by Kim Thanh Than.
- 例えば、江西省撫州の人呉与弼(康斎)や 陳献章(白沙)は朱子学派に属すものの、その聖人となるための修養法は読書よりも実践・静坐を重視するなど、後世から見ると若干朱子学とは異なる側面も見られないではなかったのである。
- For example, although Wu Yubi (Kangzhai) and Chen Xianzhang (Baisha) in Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province belonged to the Shushigaku school, they emphasized practice and meditation instead of reading as a way to become a sage, which from a later viewpoint seems to be slightly different from conventional Shushigaku.
- しかし日本の報道機関はこういった事情には触れず、日本による通信事業の接収を支持する論調であり、たとえば読売新聞の明治38年3月23日の紙面で、韓国の通信機関が不備であることを理由に、日本に委託すべきと主張していた。
- On the other hand, Japanese media supported Japan's takeover of communication service without mentioning such background; for example, the Yomiuri Shinbun commented that the service should be commissioned to Japan for the reason that the flaw of Korean communication institution on March 23.
- 「季節-時刻」の表現(春は曙など)は、当時古今集に見られる「春-花-朝」のような通念的連環に従いつつ、和歌的伝統に慣れ親しんだ読者の美意識の硬直性への挑戦として中間項である風物を省いた斬新なものである(藤本宗利)。
- Although it followed the conventional 'spring - flower -morning' type of link that was often seen in Kokinshu in those days, its use of the 'season-time' type of expression (such as 'the best time in spring is dawn'), which omitted the middle poetic element, was innovative, challenging as it did the rigid esthetic values held by readers who were familiar with poetic traditions. (Munetoshi FUJIMOTO)
- 443年を採ると5世紀の半ばには「大王」表記が用いられていたことになるが、紀年銘の異体字をはじめ釈読の定まらない文字が多く、銘文の内容について解釈が多様化しており、「大王」表記の厳密な使用開始年代ははっきりしない。
- If you take the theory of the year 443, the notation of 'okimi' would have been used by the middle of the fifth century, but since there are many letters in which the reading is not determined including the variant characters on inscriptions about counting years, there are various interpretations regarding the contents of the inscriptions, which makes it difficult to determine the precise date in which the 'okimi' notation started being used.
- 1891年(明治24年)には小学校祝日大祭儀式規程(明治24年6月17日文部省令第4号)が定められ、天皇皇后の御真影(写真)に対する最敬礼と万歳奉祝、校長による教育勅語の奉読などからなる儀式を小学校で行うことになった。
- In 1891 Regulations for Elementary School Ceremonies on Festivals and Holidays were issued (Order of the Ministry of Education no. 4, June 17, 1891) and thus ceremonies at elementary schools were held with acts like making a deep bow in front of a portrait (picture) of the Emperor and the Empress, shouting 'banzai' to wish for their long life and a reading of the Imperial Rescript on Education in a respectful manner by the principal.
- 大導師作法は聖武天皇、歴代天皇、東大寺に縁のあった人々、戦争や天災に倒れた万国の人々の霊の菩提を弔うとともに、現職の総理大臣以下の閣僚、最高裁長官などの名を読み上げ、その働きが天下太平、万民豊楽をもたらすよう祈願する。
- In Daidoshi saho, they read the name of the incumbent Prime Minister, the Cabinet officials, the chief justice of the Supreme Court and so on and pray for their good works to bring the peaceful world and the affluent life for the national, as well as mourning the bodhi (enlightenment) of the spirits of the Emperor Shomu, successive Emperors, those who were linked with Todai-ji Temple and those who were killed in wars or natural disasters around Japan.
- これは、鎌倉宮は明治天皇の命令で創建された神社であり、社号を「鎌倉宮」、祭神を「護良親王(もりながしんのう)」と天皇の名において定めた経緯から「もりなが」との読みはゆるぎのないものである、というのが神社側の主張である。
- The shrine insists that the pronunciation of 'morinaga' is correct because the shrine was built at the order of Emperor Meiji, and its name, Kamakura-gu, as well as the enshrined deity's name Prince Morinaga, were set in the name of the Emperor Meiji.
- 歌詞の出典はしばしば『古今和歌集』(古今和歌集巻七賀歌巻頭歌、題しらず、読人しらず、国歌大観番号343番)とされるが、古今集のテクストにおいては初句を「わが君は」とし、現在採用されているかたちとの完全な一致は見られない。
- It is often said that the origin of the words in Kimigayo is the 'Kokin-Wakashu' (Volume seven of Kokin-Wakashu, gaka (celebration poetry), first waka, title not known, author not known, Kokka Taikan (Comprehensive National Poems - No. 343), but, the first line of the text in Kokinshu is 'Wagakimiha (literally, 'my lord')' which does not coincide completely with the presently adopted form.
- ところで、古今和歌集巻七の賀歌22首のうち18首は、特定の個人の具体的な祝い(ほとんどが算賀だが出生慶賀もある)に際して詠まれたものだが、最初の4首は読み人知らずで、作歌年代も古いと見られ、歌が作られた事情もわからない。
- In Volume seven of the Kokin-Wakashu, eighteen wakas out of twenty-two gaka were made on the occasion of concrete celebrations of specific individuals (most of them for longevity, but some were for celebrating birth.), the author is not known for the first four wakas and they seem to have been made in an older time and under a situation which is not known.
- 日蓮正宗や教義の根を同じくする創価学会、正信会、冨士大石寺顕正会では、朝と夕に、「本尊 (日蓮正宗)(ごほんぞん)」と呼ばれる曼荼羅に向かって法華経(方便品(冒頭の十如是まで)と寿量品)の読誦、唱題(題目を唱える)を行う。
- In the Nichirensho sect and the sects originated from the same dharma as the Nichirensho sect including Soka Gakkai, Shoshinkai and Fujitaisekiji Kenshokai, believers every morning and evening chant (called 'dokuju') the opening of Hoben-bon (until Junyoze [ten factors of life]) and Juryo-bon of Hoke-kyo (Saddharmapundariika-sutra, the Lotus Sutra) and chant the important spell of the Nichiren sect (called 'shodai') for a Mandala, the honzon of the Nichirensho sect.
- 尊王論が日本に受容されるに際して、日本では天皇が「王」であり、江戸幕府の征夷大将軍が「覇」であると読み換えられたが、天皇は単なる国王ではなく皇帝であるという優越意識を踏まえて「尊皇」という漢字に置き換えて用いることもあった。
- At the time when imperialism was introduced into Japan in the Edo Period (the period during which the Tokugawa shogunate ruled Japan from 1603 to 1867), the tenno (emperor) was advocated as the 'king' and the shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate was the 'military ruler'; despite this, sometimes the Chinese character meaning emperor was used instead of 'king', based on assumptions of superiority, that the emperor was more than a mere 'king'.
- 舟橋を家名とするのは清原国賢(きよはらくにかた。従三位・大蔵卿・侍従・少納言)(1544年 - 1615年)の子で後陽成天皇・後水尾天皇の侍読を務めた舟橋秀賢(ふなばし ひでかた。従四位上・式部省・明経博士)の代以降である。
- Funabashi became the family name after the generation of Hidekata FUNABASHI (Jushiinojo - Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade), Shikibusho (Ministry of Ceremonies), myogyo hakase, a jidoku to Emperor Goyozei and Emperor Gomizunoo, and the son of Kunikata KIYOHARA (Jusanmi - Junior Third Rank, Okura-kyo, jiju, Shonagon) (1544 - 1615).
- つまり、「剪枝畸人」とは、紫式部や羅貫中のような、物したあとにひどい目にあったのとは違って、『雨月物語』を書いた自分は、生まれながらに罰せられている、天にも等しき存在なのだ、という傲慢なほどのすさまじい主張にも読取れるのだ。
- Therefore, 'Senshi Kijin' can be an arrogant claim that unlike Murasaki Shikibu and Lo Kuan-chung, who had undergone terrible experiences after they wrote the books, the author of 'Ugetsu Monogatari' was punished by birth and was equivalent to Heaven.
- その内容は、「駿河守宗方、陰謀の企て有るにより、今日(午刻)誅されおはんぬ、その旨を存ずべし、かつがつこの事につき、在京人ならびに西国地頭御家人等、参向すべからざるのよし、あひ触れらるべし...」(読み下しは細川重男による)
- The contents were as follows: Munekata, Suruga no Kami (governor of Suruga Province), was killed today (around noon) because he conducted an intrigue; You should understand the situation; For this incident, you should make persons in Kyoto, jito (managers and lords of manors) and gokenin (immediate vassals of the Shogunate in the Kamakura) in the western region know that they should not come to Kamakura (the original Chinese passage was converted into this Japanese passage by Shigeo OSOKAWA).
- 現に我々は、細かく厳密な定義により人々の表情を読み取っているのではないが、高度な「気持ちを察する」能力が備わっており、特に日本人にこの能力が高いことから日本的なものづくりを工学システムとして捉える試みが近年萌芽してきている。
- In fact we don't interpret people's expression by fine and strict definition, but have an advanced ability to 'read the mind,' and especially since the Japanese are excellent in this ability, attempts to use Japanese manufacturing as an engineering system has begun in recent years.
- そのころ外道丸こと酒呑童子は、恋文の返事が来ないと悲観して死んだ娘のことを聞き、読まなかった恋文の入ったつづらを開けてみると異様な煙が立ち昇って気を失い、気づくと鬼へと変わり果てて寺から逃げて悪の限りを尽くすようになっていた。
- Around that time, Gedomaru (that is, Shuten Doji) heard of a girl who had died of grief due to his failure to send a reply to her love-letter, and upon opening the tsuzura (package) included in her letter--which he had never read--a strange vapor rose from it, causing him to lose consciousness; when he came to, his transformation into an oni was already complete, so he fled from the temple and set his heart on reaching the very limits of evil.
- これには「無二無三」に主人に奉公す、といい観念的なものに留まる「忠」「義」を批判するくだりや、普段から「常住死身に成る」「死習う」といったことが説かれていたが、藩政批判などもあったせいか禁書に付され広く読まれることは無かった。
- In this book it was written serving 'nothing else' but a lord and criticized ideological 'loyalty' and 'justice' and encouraged 'being ready to die any time' and 'learning death', but was banned probably due to its criticizing the administration of the domain and was not read widely.
- 『源氏物語』がどのような経過で成立したのかを根拠付ける外部資料は少なくとも今のところ存在せず、また『更級日記』などの記述を見ても成立してほど無い時期から『源氏物語』は今のような五十四帖全てが完成した形で読まれてきたと考えられる。
- At present, there is no outside material that allows us to discern how 'The Tale of Genji' was composed, but descriptions such as 'Sarashina Nikki' suggest that 'The Tale of Genji' was read in the form of 54 chapters.
- この訳語を考案した人は年現在定かではないが、「酵」は古くから東洋で発酵現象を意味する字であり、「母」は、それ以前も「酒母」と書いて「もと」と読んでいたことも含めて、万物の根源、現象の元、という意味の字であったからだと考えられる。
- Although the person who coined the translation is unknown as of year, it was presumably named as such because of the fact that '酵' had long been a letter meaning fermentation in Asia, and '母,' which had also been written as '酒母' and read as 'moto (origin),' had been a letter meaning an origin of all creation or phenomena.
- 根本的な事実である律令国家体制下の編纂という時代の性質、編纂の主体が置かれていた天皇の臣下という立場の性質、政治的な地位の保全への期待という思想性、それらを無視して百済三書に基づく日本書紀の記述を読むことは全くもって不可能である。
- It is totally impossible to understand the descriptions of Nihonshoki based on the three books of Baekje without regard to the backgrounds such as the period under the system of the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes, the position as a follower of the emperor who led the compilation, and the expectation to maintain their political status.
- なお、この「『源氏物語』が全部で60巻からなる」という伝承は、「源氏物語は実は60帖からなり、一般に流布している54帖の他に秘伝として伝えられ、許された者のみが読むことが出来る6帖が存在する。」といった形で一部の古注釈に伝えられた。
- Moreover, the traditional belief that ''The Tale of Genji' consisted of 60 chapters in total' was passed down to some of the ancient commentaries in an expression that 'The Tale of Genji consists of 60 chapters in reality, and other than the 54 chapters circulating among the public, there are six chapters that only certain people are allowed to read.'
- 広く動乱の時代が生んだ悲劇を描き、単に恋人を失った「世の常」の悲哀とは等価ならざる痛切な心情が託された彼女の家集は、同じような運命をたどった人々の強い共感を呼び、太平洋戦争中、愛する者の出征を見送った女性たちの間で愛読されたという。
- Her poetry collection, which describes the tragedies born in a time of general upheaval, leaves a poignancy different from the 'ordinary' sorrow caused by simply losing one's lover, evoking strong sympathies from people who had a similar fate, and it is said that during the Pacific War, it was popular among women who saw someone they loved sent off to the front.
- 『義公行実』など各種伝記史料によれば、水戸徳川家世子として教育を受けていた青年時代の光圀は非行も多かったが、正保2年(1645年)に『史記』「伯夷伝」を読んで伯夷・叔斉に感銘を受け、以来は反省して学問に精励し、史書編纂を志したという。
- According to various biographical materials such as 'Giko kojitsu,' Mitsukuni in his youth who was educated as an heir of the Mito Tokugawa family committed some acts of delinquency, but came to regret what he had done and study hard after he read the chapter Hakuiden of 'Shiki' and was moved by Hakui and Syukusei, and then aspired to compile history.
- 現代では冗談半分で、『源氏物語』と純愛もののアダルトゲームやハーレムアニメとのストーリーの類似性が指摘されることがあるが、「『源氏物語』は猥書であり、子供に読ませてはならない」という論旨の文章は、既に室町時代や江戸時代に存在している。
- Today, a similarity between 'The Tale of Genji,' games for adults with pure love stories, and harem cartoons has been jokingly pointed out, but in the Muromachi and Edo periods there already existed articles asserting that ''The Tale of Genji' was an obscene book, so people shouldn't let children read it.'
- 法要中は、釈迦が娑羅双樹の下で涅槃に入った際の、頭を北にして西を向き右脇を下にした姿で臥し、周囲に十大弟子を始め諸菩薩、天部や獣畜、虫類などまでが嘆き悲しむさまを描いた仏涅槃図(涅槃図)を掲げ、『仏遺教経』を読誦することとなっている。
- During the service, a Butsu Nehan-zu (painting of Buddha nirvana), depicting Shakamuni entering Nirvana under a sal tree, lying with his head pointing to the north, and his face facing to the west, surronded by ten great disciples, a group of Bosatsu (Bodhisattva), Tenbu (deities who reside in a heavenly realm, one of six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another), animals and insects all lamenting his death, is hung, and 'Butsuyuikyogyo' (Mahayana Buddhist scripture) is chanted.
- 通例であれば無縁仏として集合墳墓に改葬されるところだが、青山霊園の場合、2006年度に東京都側が78基にのぼる管理費滞納お雇い外国人墓所を文化史的に再評価し、史跡として保護する方針であることが2005年2月18日の読売新聞で報じられた。
- In such cases, the remains are usually reclassified as muen botoke (a person who has died leaving nobody to look after his or her grave) and reburied in a communal grave; but in the fiscal year of 2006, as reported by the Yomiuri Shimbun (the Daily Yomiuri) on February 18, 2005, in the case of the Aoyama Cemetery the Tokyo Metropolitan Government re-evaluated 78 graves of Oyatoi-gaikokujin for which the maintenance fee has not been paid as important from the perspective of cultural history, and it plans to preserve them as historical sites.
- これは情報開示という時代の流れには沿うものであるが、逆にある程度日本酒に詳しい人でないと、情報を読みこなすことができず、それがどういう酒であるのかがわかりにくくなり、ひいては消費者が日本酒から離れていった一因になったと指摘する声もある。
- Although this goes with the times of information disclosure, if consumers are not familiar with sake to an extent, they will never be able to decipher the information and understand what type of sake it is; some people eventually point out that this is one of the factors associated with consumers' withdrawal from sake.
- 一方で、低年齢層における活字離れや携帯ゲーム機・携帯電話の普及など、ほかの娯楽が増えたことで漫画に興味を持たない・読まない子供が増え、さらに少子化の影響もあってか少年誌・少女誌の売り上げは減少してきており、休刊・廃刊するものも増えている。
- On the one hand, the sales of boys' magazines and girls' magazines have been decreasing as a result of the increasing number of children who are not interested in or do not read comics due to the aliterates in earlier age group and other entertainments such as portable game machines and mobile phones and the low birthrate, then the number of defunct magazines is increasing.
- 明六雑誌は当今の有名の諸学士論著する所にして、議事の確、行文の実なる、其警醒〔けいせい、警告・注意喚起〕の益、提撕〔ていせい、後進を励まし指導すること〕の功に於て他書の比す可きに非れば、在官伏野を問はず必らず一部を挟んで之を読まざるを得ず。
- Meiroku Zasshi is a bulletin in which today's famous scholars discuss and write articles and it is very unique in the points of authenticity of topics, accurate texts, interests that notices bring and merits to encourage and teach juniors, so that people in both public sector and private sector have to read with holding it on the forearm.'
- 悪霊の討伐として抜擢された源三位入道頼政(源頼政)は、元凶である鵺(ヌエと読み。頭はサル、胴体はタヌキ、手足はトラ、尾はヘビ。元はトラツグミの不気味な鳴き声のみから想像したもので形は曖昧だったともいう)という妖怪・もののけを弓矢で退治した」
- MINAMOTO no sanmi nyudo Yorimasa (MINAMOTO no Yorimasa) was selected as a leader to attack the evil spirit and got rid of the monster called nue (a monster with a monkey head, raccoon dog's body, tiger's paws and feet and a snakes' tale, which was originally imagined by an eerie voice of a White Thrush. It is also said that the figure was not clear).'
- 成綱の兄・源有綱は源頼朝の挙兵の際に参陣していることから、成綱もまた鎌倉幕府に従ったと思われる(神奈川県厚木市の「及川村」という地名は成綱または成綱の子・及川光綱の縁かとも思われるが、古くは「及河」とも書き「おいがわ」と濁って読むのが正しい。
- Apparently, Naritsuna also followed the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) because Naritsuna's elder brother, MINAMOTO no Aritsuna, joined MINAMOTO no Yoritomo when Yoritomo rose up in arms (the place name 'OIGAWA village' in Atsugi City, Kanagawa Prefecture, seems to have had a relationship with Naritsuna or Naritsuna's son Mitsutsuna OIKAWA, but formerly it was also written as '及河' and was properly read as 'OIGAWA' in a dull sound.
- 日本醸造協会の栗山一秀による、流通していた清酒の平均的な「日本酒日本酒度/日本酒酸度」の値をしめしたグラフは、明治40年で「+12/3.1」ほど、大正10年「+4/2.9」、昭和16年「+0/2.5」、昭和42年「-6/1.6」と読み取れる。
- The graph of the average 'degree of sake/acidity' of distributed seishu, made by Kazuhide KURIYAMA of the Brewing Society of Japan, shows '+12/3.1' in 1907, '+4/2.9' in 1921, '+0/2.5' in 1941, and '-6/1.6' in 1967.
- 戦後朴正煕政権時代までは、トロットを指す言葉として「演歌」の韓国語読みである「ヨンガ」が用いられることも少なくなかったが、後の倭色追放運動によって日本語由来である演歌(ヨンガ)という呼称は使えなくなり、もっぱらトロットと呼ばれるようになった。
- The word 'yonga,' the Korean reading of 'enka,' was often used to refer to trot until the Chung-hee PARK administration after the war, but as subsequent anti-Japanese manner movements did not allow the use of the Japanese-derived word enka (yonga), the name trot came to be used exclusively.
- また、本来の「観音経(妙法蓮華経観世音菩薩普門品第二十五)」は、短い偈文(世尊偈)部分のみでも500字を越える長大な経典であり日常の読経としては長すぎるため、代用として十句観音経を読むことも行われており、鎌田茂雄などの禅僧がそれを薦めている。
- Also, the original 'Kannon-gyo Sutra (Myohorengekyo Kanzeon Bosatsu Fumombon, Chapter 25)' is quite long, in which even the shortest part of the gebun, or the sesonge recitation of verses, exceeds 500 words; accordingly, sometimes Jikku Kannongyo is read as a replacement sutra, as was recommended by Zen monks such as Shigeo KAMATA.
- 『こんてむつす・むん地』が京都で販売を目的として印行され、後藤版も利益を目的とした出版で、より読みやすい書物を作ったことからもわかるとおり、日本人に対する広汎な布教・教育と、来日宣教師に対する実践的な日本語教育が主な主眼であったことが知られる。
- As it is shown that 'Kontemutsusu Mundi' was printed and published in Kyoto for it to be sold, Goto-ban (Goto editions) was also published for the purpose of earning profits, and more reader-friendly books were made; it is known that the main emphasis was placed on the broad propagation and education for Japanese people, and education of practical Japanese language for missionaries coming to Japan.
- また『更級日記』の中の、作者(菅原孝標女)が『源氏物語』の一部分だけを読む機会があって最初からすべてを読みたいと願ったという記述に見られるように、『源氏物語』のような大部の書物は常に全体がセットになって流通しているというわけではなかったと見られる。
- In 'Sarashina Nikki,' the author (daughter of SUGAWARA no Takasue) wrote that she got a chance to read a part of 'The Tale of Genji,' and wanted to read the entire work from the first chapter, which suggests that extended writings such as 'The Tale of Genji' didn't necessarily circulate as complete sets.
- 「内裏の上の源氏の物語人に読ませたまひつつ聞こしめしけるに この人は日本紀をこそよみたまへけれまことに才あるべし とのたまはせけるをふと推しはかりに いみじうなむさえかある と殿上人などに言ひ散らして日本紀の御局ぞつけたりけるいとをかしくぞはべる」
- Emperor Ichijo, who had listened to recitations of The Tale of Genji, praised the author to the court, saying that the author must be greatly talented to be conversant with Nihongi. The Minister of the Left, who heard this, started a rumor that the author wanted to be named Otsubone, Court Lady of Nihongi. 'Unbelievable,' said Shikibu on hearing about this. 'I never displayed my knowledge in the Palace, nor did I in front of the maid.''
- また1924年4月、新進作家直木三十五(当時「直木三十三」)が書いた小説『心中きらゝ坂』が、大阪プラトン社の雑誌『苦楽』に掲載されているのを読んだ牧野は、たまたま同月撮影所に招待したプラトン社の小山内薫と川口松太郎に同伴した直木に映画化を要望した。
- In April of 1924, Makino, after reading 'Shinju Kirarazaka,' a novel written by a then-budding writer, Sanjugo NAOKI (then called himself 'Sanjusan NAOKI') and published in a magazine called 'Kuraku' issued by a publishing house Platon Osaka, happened to meet Naoki accompanying Kaoru OSANAI and Matsutaro KAWAGUCHI of Platon whom he had invited to his film studio, and then asked permission of Naoki about making the novel into a movie.
- 但し、最近は、3コマ目にもオチを配置した2段オチと呼ばれるものや、本来は内容の表題であった小見出し(サブタイトル)もオチの要素とするもの(4コマ目まで読んで初めて小見出しの意味がわかるもの)など、必ずしも起承転結に沿わない形で笑いを取るものも多い。
- Recently, there are many comics which draw a laugh not always being in line with kishotenketsu, but using different methods such as nidan ochi in which punch lines come twice in the third and the fourth frames, and using a subtitle of the manga which should originally be a title of contents as a factor of ochi (in this case, readers will understand what the subtitle means after reading the whole four frames).
- 「御物」の用例としては、室町幕府8代将軍足利義政の所蔵品を指して東山御物(ひがしやまごもつ)、徳川家伝来の名物茶道具を指して柳営御物(りゅうえいごもつ)などと言う場合があるが、単に「御物」と言えば皇室の私有物を指し、「ぎょぶつ」と読むのが通例である。
- The examples of 'gyobutsu' are the Higashiyama Gomotsu, which was the collection of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, the eighth shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, and also the one called 'Ryuei Gomotsu, which consists of famous Japanese tea utensils (tea things handed down to the Tokugawa clan); however, the word 'Gyobutsu' simply means the belongings of the Imperial Family and is usually referred to as 'gyobutsu.'
- 本書はセオドア・ルーズベルト、ジョン・F・ケネディ大統領など米国の政治家のほか、ボーイスカウト創立者のロバート・ベーデン・パウエルなど、多くの海外の読者を得て、逆輸入される形で新渡戸門下生の矢内原忠雄の訳により日本語版が出版され「武士道」ブームを起こした。
- The book was read by a lot of people abroad including American politicians such as Theodore Roosevelt, presiding John F. Kennedy and a founder of Boy Scout Robert Baden-Powell and the Japanese version translated by Tadao YANAIHARA who was a disciple of Nitobe that was published by reimport and created a boom in 'Bushido'.
- これらの歌を講ずる披講所役は、司会にあたる読師(どくじ・1人)、最初に節を付けずに全ての句を読み上げる講師(こうじ・1人)、講師に続いて第1句から節を付けて吟誦する発声(はっせい・1人)、第2句以下を発声に合わせて吟誦する講頌(こうしょう・4人)からなる。
- Hikojoyaku consists of dokuji, koji, hassei and kosho: Dokuji is a chairman; firstly, koji reads out all the poems without a tune; then hassei chants them with a tune; kosho (four people) chant the second poem and the followings with hassei.
- 2007年になって1992年に『兼見卿記』を基にした『信長謀殺の謎』を上梓している桐野作人が、インタビューの中で、ある研究者に『これは一種の陰謀史観だよ』と言われたことや、「そのころは古文書のくずし字がほとんど読めなかった」ことを告白し、自説を批判している。
- In 2007, Sakujin KIRINO, who published in 1992 'Nobunaga Bosatsu no Nazo' (mystery of deliberate murder of Nobunaga) based on 'Kanemikyo-ki,' criticized his own view by admitting in an interview with a researcher that he was told by a researcher 'This is a kind of inboshikan (conspiratorial interpretation of history).' and that 'at that time, he could hardly read writing in simplified style in ancient documents.'
- 通説では、「以」に深い意味はないとするか、「死するをもって」つまり「死んだので」墓が作られた、あるいは、「すでに死す」と読み、直前に書かれている「拜假難升米 爲檄告喻之」(難升米が詔書・黄憧を受け取り檄で告諭した)の時点で卑弥呼はすでに死んでいた、と解釈する。
- According to popular theory, '以' does not have a particular meaning, although due to the mention of 'because she died' or 'having already died,' as well as the preceding sentence, '拜假難升米 爲檄告喻之' ('Nashime took an Imperial Rescript and a yellow flag, then issued a manifesto'), is thought that Himiko had already died by this point.
- さらに、政治学者の丸山眞男は、甲申事変が三日天下に終わったことの挫折感と、日本・清国政府・李氏政権がそれぞれの立場から甲申事変の結果を傍観・利用したことに対する不満から、「「脱亜論」の社説はこうした福沢の挫折感と憤激の爆発として読まれねばならない」と説明する。
- A scholar of political science, Masao MARUYAMA said that, from frustration of the Gapsin Coup being short-lived and disappointment toward Japan, the Chinese government and the Yi government when all of them were just watching the Coup and using the results, 'the editorial of the 'Datsu-A Ron' should be read as an emotional explosion of Fukuzawa's frustration and rage.'
- 飛鳥時代、『日本書紀』に「朝嬬に幸す。因りて大山位より以下の馬を長柄神社に看す。乃ち馬的射させたまふ」、他にも「騁射」「馳射」との記述があるなど神事としての騎射の原型も読み取れ、また飛鳥時代末期には文武天皇により『大射禄法』が定められ、展覧されたとの記述もある。
- 'The Chronicles of Japan' says that the 'Emperor went to Asazuma. He saw horses owned by someone below the Daiseni rank at Nagara-jinja shrine. At that time, he made them practice archery on horseback,' as well as 'Umayumi (騁射)' and 'Haseyumi (馳射),' so, original Kisha seemed to have been performed as a shrine ritual, and it also describes that 'Taisha-rokuho' was defined by Emperor Monmu and put on exhibition at the end of the Asuka Period.
- 天台大師・智顗は「是の相も如なり、乃至、是の報も如なり」と「是の如きの相、乃至、是の如きの報」と「相も是に如し、乃至、報も是に如す」として、十如是を三種に読み、これを「空・仮・中」の三諦(さんたい)の義に配釈したので、これを三転読文(さんてんどくもん)といわれる。
- Zhiyi, the Tendai Daishi (a great master of Tendai sect), interpreted each of junyoze (Buddhism Ten Factors of Life) in three different ways; the first, second, and the third meaning of a form (the first factor) is as follows: every form is equal; every form is different; every form is in the middle; Zhiyi applied these three ways of interpretation to each of junyoze; thus as for the ninth factor, 'recompense,' the first, second, and the third meaning is as follows: every recompense is equal, every recompense is different, every recompense is in the middle; and he expounded these three aspects of each one of the ten factors as the three truths of the empty, contingent, and middle; for this reason, these three ways of interpretation are called santen dokumon (literally 'the meaning changes three times as one reads the text').
- 起源は、東京の銀座三丁目にある洋食店「グリルスイス」にて、常連客で当時日本プロ野球機構・読売ジャイアンツの選手であった千葉茂が食事をした際、それまではとんかつとカレーライスを別々に頼んでいたが、ある時、『とんかつをカレーライスの上に乗せて持って来てくれ』と注文した。
- It is said to have been originated by Shigeru CHIBA, who played for a team of the Nippon Professional Baseball called Yomiuri Giants and was a regular customer at 'Grill Swiss', a western-style restaurant in Ginza 3-chome in Tokyo; he used to order tonkatsu and curry and rice separately, however one day asked: 'Bring curry and rice with tonkatsu placed on top.'
- また、現在でも北海道地方では、下の句かるたというやや特殊な百人一首が行われており、読み札に歌人の絵がなく、上の句は読まれず下の句だけが読まれ、取り札は厚みのある木でできており、表面に古風な崩し字で下の句が書いてあるという、江戸期の面影を残したかるたが用いられている。
- At present, in the Hokkaido region is found the trace of the uta-garuta of the Edo period; it is a unique game called 'Shimo-no-ku Karuta' using the yomi-fuda without the portraits of the poets and the thick wooden tori-fuda on which are written only shimo-no-ku in classical kuzushi-ji, and in that game, the players read only shimo-no-ku.
- 朱子学では「理」(万物の法則であり、根拠、規範。「然る所以の故であり、且つ当に然るべき則」)はあらゆるものにあるとし(「一木一草みな理あり」)、そうした理について読書など学問することにより理解を深めた後に「性」(個々に内在する理、五常五倫)へと至ることができるとした。
- In Shushigaku, it is considered that 'ri (理)' (the law of everything, basis or standard for all things, 'it exists because it should be, and thus this is the law that should be so') exists in everything ('there is ri in each tree and each blade of grass'), and that people can reach 'sei (性)' (the 'ri' existing in each individual, the five constant relations and the five cardinal virtues of Confucianism) when they deeply understand 'ri' through study including reading about it.
- 古くは宮廷で公家が薬事効果を期待し食していたが、戦国時代 (日本)には鯨呑が「国を飲み込んで併合・吸収合併する」と言う意味や鯨波の声{鬨の声(ときのこえ)と読み意味も同じ}が「戦いに勝つ」という意味や鯨吼が「轟き渡る」という意味などから武将に好まれ武家の間でも珍重された。
- In ancient times, people from imperial families ate whale meat in the Imperial Court, expecting medical effects, but later in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan) whale meat was loved by busho (Japanese military commander) and highly valued by samurai families, for geidon (a swallow by a whale) means 'annexation of another country,' toki no koe (toki can be expressed by a pair of kanji meaning, a whale's wave, and toki (鯨波) sometimes written as 鬨 in Chinese character) is associated with a victory, and geiko (a whale's outcry) means 'booming out.'
- 上記は『吾妻鏡』に伝える三善康信像であるが、『吾妻鏡』には三善康信の顕彰記事が相当に多く、その中には藤原定家がその日記『明月記』に書いた感想等が、あたかも三善康信の進言であるように盗作されている部分まであり、『吾妻鏡』を読むうえで相当に警戒しなければならない部分とされる。
- Above are how MIYOSHI no Yasunobu is depicted in 'Azuma Kagami,' but 'Azuma Kagami' must be read with a grain of salt since it contains a number of articles which honored MIYOSHI no Yasunobu publicly, including observations plagiarized from FUJIWARA no Teika's diary, 'Meigetsu-ki,' as recommendations made by MIYOSHI no Yasunobu.
- なお、中国では、周の天子(王)を「王」のモデルとしていたことから、本来「尊王」と書くが、尊王論が日本に受容されるに際して「王」とは天皇のことであるという読み換えが行われたことから、天皇は単なる国王ではなく皇帝であるという優越意識を踏まえて「尊皇」に置き換えて用いることもある。
- While the Chinese character '王' was used in '尊王' (Sonno) in China because 'O' (王) was modeled after the Emperor of the Zhou, Sonno was also written as '尊皇' because '王' had meant the 'Emperor' (皇) in Japan who was not just a King but someone more revered since Sonnoron (Imperialism) was accepted in Japan
- しかし相模女子大学の待井新一教授によれば、「評価すべきは、女手(おんなて)といわれる仮名で物語風に歴史を書いている事で、女性にも読んでもらう史書を目指し女性による女性のための歴史物語を完成させた点、はじめて歴史と文学とを結合させ歴史を身近なものにした点では画期的な事」、として挙げられる。
- However, according to Professor Shin'ichi MACHII of Sagami Women's University, 'It should be appreciated that it writes history in a 'story' style using kana (also called 'woman's hand'), and that it was revolutionary in terms of being a history to be read by women, in making a historical tale by women and for women, combining history and literature to make history familiar.'
- まず林田書記官について議院の先例をただし、法規の解釈上許す範囲の道を求めて決心するところがあり、先例である書記官長起草の原案、議員から成立した奉答文、起草委員の起草文は単に議長の参考にとどまるものと解釈し、自分が起草した上記一通を懐中し議場に臨み、これを朗読し、議場の賛同を求めたのである。
- He first asked the secretary HAYASHIDA about the precedent of the House, then he made up his mind to seek for the way as long as an interpretation of the law allowed and he interpreted that drafts written by the chief secretary as precedent, Hotobun formed by the members of the House, and drafts by draft committee only remained as a reference for the chairman, so he took the approach with his draft which was mentioned above in his pocket, read this and asked for approval in the House.
- 律令制確立後に大学寮の下に音博士が位置づけられたが、本科(後の明経道)の学生が儒教の教育を受けるために行う最初の課程であった経典の音読を指導するのが役割であった事から、算道・書道_(大学寮)のような独自の学生を保持することは学令などにも記載されていないなど、最初から補助的地位に止められていた。
- After the Ritsuryo Legal Codes were established, the Professors of Ondo were positioned within the Daigaku-ryo system, but because their role was to teach the reading aloud of the scriptures during the first course of Confucianism to the students of the main course (later known as Myogyodo, the Confucian department of Daigaku-ryo), their position was only deemed to be supplementary and it was not mentioned within the regulations that they may have their own students like Sando (Mathematics) and Shodo (Calligraphy) Departments.
- 世話物では『四谷怪談』の民谷伊右衛門、『於染久松色読販』(お染の七役)の鬼兵衛、『四千両小判梅葉』(四千両 しせんりょう)の藤岡藤十郎、『梅雨小袖昔八丈』(髪結新三 かみゆい しんざ)の弥太五郎源七、『極付幡随長兵衛』の幡随院長兵衛、『東山桜荘子』(佐倉義民伝 さくら ぎみんでん)の木内宗吾。
- Sewamono (domestic dramas dealing with the lives of commoners) roles included Iemon TAMIYA in 'Yotsuya Kaidan,' Onihei in 'Osome Hisamatsu Ukina no Yomiuri' ('Osome no Nanayaku'), Tojuro FUJIOKA in 'Shisenryo Koban no Umenoha' ('Shisenryo'), Yatagoro Genshichi in 'Tsuyu Kosode Mukashi Hachijo' ('Kamiyui Shinza'), Banzuiin Chobei in 'Kiwametsuki Banzuichobei,' and Sogo KIUCHI in 'Higashiyama Sakura Soshi' ('Sakura Giminden').
- これについて作者は文庫版2巻に収録された氷室冴子との対談で、「聖徳太子にまつわるエピソードに子供の頃から違和感を持っており、ある時、居酒屋で矢代まさこを相手にそういう話をしていたら、梅原猛の『隠された十字架』を紹介され、翌日それを買ってきて読んで、その時に全てのイメージが出て来た」と語っている。
- Concerning this, in an interview with Saeko HIMURO, which was written down in the second volume of paper back, the author said, 'I've had an uncomfortable feeling about the stories related to Prince Shotoku since my childhood, and one day I talked about this to Masako YASHIRO at an izakaya bar, she introduced the book 'Kakusareta jujika (hidden cross)' written by Takeshi UMEHARA to me, and when I bought the book and read it next day, the whole image of the story came to my head.'
- 皿の裏に二次元コードやICタグを付けることにより、鮮度管理(コンベア上を一定時間以上流れたままになっている寿司を回収する)、売れ筋分析(どのネタがよく売れているか分析し、欠品や廃棄を少なくする)、会計処理効率化(ICタグリーダーで皿を読み取れば、瞬時に正確に料金が計算できる)を行うなど、IT化も進んでいる。
- New features are increasingly introduced like attaching two-dimensional bar codes or IC tags on the undersides of plates to control freshness by removing sushi that is left too long on the conveyer belt, to analyze which items are selling to minimize shortages and disposal, to streamline billing by scanning the codes of plates with IC tag reader to calculate the prices quickly and accurately.
- 九州王朝説を主張する人は「通説で洗脳された者が九州王朝説の概要を知らずに部分的な解説書を読むと理論展開を強引だと感じてしまう事がある、また九州王朝説の中にも仮定に仮定を積み重ねたトンデモ説としか思えないものもあり、初めて読んだ本がこれらの場合には九州王朝説全体をトンデモ説だと思ってしまう事もある。」と述べている。
- People who advocate the Kyushu dynasty theory state that `A person who was brainwashed by the common theory may feel the kyushu theory evolution sophistic after reading a partial manual on it without knowing the overview of the Kyushu dynasty theory, and the Kyushu dynasty theory includes a fantasy theory which was based on hypothesis over hypothesis, and some people would think of the entire Kyushu dynasty theory as a fantasy theory, if the first book they read is such theory.'
- 半山の『当世人物評』は洒脱で辛口な文章と、次々と繰り出される新語・造語でテンポ良く読ませるスタイルをとっており、他にもチヨム髷党、ピストル党、コスメチツク党、ネクタイ党等々の語が新作されたが、本人曰くこれらは「少しも流行しなかッたが、唯此のハイカラと云ふ一語だけが、馬鹿に大流行を来した」(石川、1912)という。
- Hanzan's 'Tosei Jinbutsu Hyo' was made up of unconventional and outpoken expresions and had a style easy to read fast and with full of new and coined words, and he said that he created other new words such as 'Chiyomumage Party', 'Pistol Party', 'Cosmetic Party','Necktie Party' and so on, but he said that 'these words did not become popular only with an exception of haikara, which became extraordinarily popular' (ISHIKAWA,1912).
- そのため池田亀鑑などはこの伝承を「とりあげるに足りない奇怪な説」に過ぎないとして事実ではないとしているが、和辻哲郎は、「現在の源氏物語には読者が現在知られていない光源氏についての何らかの周知の物語が存在することを前提として初めて理解できる部分が存在する。」として「これはいきなり斥くべき説ではなかろうと思う」と述べている。
- Therefore, Kikan IKEDA considers the folklore to be an untruth, as 'a bizarre rumor that doesn't deserve to be taken seriously'; however, Tetsuro WATSUJI states, 'The Tale of Genji has mysterious parts that readers can't understand until they have noticed the existence of some other tales on Hikaru Genji, which the present readers don't know about but once existed,' adding, 'This is not a supposition that should be immediately rejected.'
- 隅田八幡神社旧蔵の国宝「隅田八幡神社人物画像鏡」の銘文に『癸未年八月日十大王年男弟王在意柴沙加宮時斯麻念長寿遣開中費直穢人今州利二人等取白上同二百旱作此竟』「癸未の年八月十日、男弟王が意柴沙加の宮にいます時、斯麻が長寿を念じて河内直、穢人今州利の二人らを遣わして白上銅二百旱を取ってこの鏡を作る」(判読・解釈には諸説あり)とある。
- The inscription on 'Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror', a national treasure, once possessed by Sudahachiman-jinja Shrine says '癸未年八月日十大王年男弟王在意柴沙加宮時斯麻念長寿遣開中費直穢人今州利二人等取白上同二百旱作此竟' 'On August 10, year of Yin Water Sheep, when Otonokimi lived in Oshisaka no Miya Palace, Shima sent KAWACHI no Atai and AYAHITO Imasuri to make a mirror with 200 kan of high-quality copper to pray for his health.' (There are various theories as to the decipher and interpretation).
- 近世においては後醍醐天皇を不徳の君であるとする評価が定着し、徳川光圀によって編纂が開始された『大日本史』においては南朝を正統とする立場から後醍醐天皇を不徳とする認識が見られ、江戸時代には新井白石が『読史余論』において、王朝政治における累代の天皇の失徳が武家政権成立の過程であるとする歴史観の中で、後醍醐天皇をその末尾に位置付けている。
- In those days, the evaluation that Emperor Go-Daigo was an illegitimate sovereign was firmly established, and in Dai Nihonshi, which Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA began to compile, there is a section recognizing that Emperor Go-Daigo was illegitimate based on the foundation that the Southern Court was legitimate. In Tokushi Yoron, the author, Hakuseki ARAI, placed Emperor Go-Daigo at the end of his list of responsible emperors, based on his historical view that the accumulated immorality of successive emperors lead to the appearance of samurai government.
- しかしながら、こういった立憲君主との考えをば大衆をして浸透しなかったようで(それは美濃部の弁明を新聞で読んだ大衆の反応と、貴族院 (日本)での反応の温度差に明らかであり)、一連の騷動以後は天皇主権説が台頭したため、それらの論者は往々にしてこの立憲君主の考えを「西洋由来の学説の無批判の受け入れである(『國體の本義』より要約)」と断じた。
- However, it seems that the idea of the constitutional monarchy didn't prevail to the public (this was obvious from the difference in reactions between of the public who had read Minobe's explanation on newspapers and of the House of Peers [Japan]), and since the theory of the imperial sovereignty got an advantage after a series of turmoil, these people tended to advocate that the idea of the constitutional monarch was 'uncritical acceptance of western theory (summarized from 'Kokutai no Hongi' [the primordial doctrine of the national]).'
- 更に漢文・古文などを「よきものではあるがそこまでして勉強するものではない」(意訳)として、その意義を否定こそしないが、世間で扱われている程の価値があるものではない、と言って儒学者や朱子学者が言う様な難しい字句のある漢文や古文を学ぶより、まず日常的に利用価値のある、読み書き、計算、基本的な道徳などの「実学」を身につけるべきだと書かれている。
- Fukuzawa also encouraged to acquire certain skills that could be practically used in everyday life, such as reading and writing, calculation, fundamental ethics, rather than learning Chinese and classics that had long been encouraged to learn but were rather abstruse and unpractical, and were good and appropriate only for Confucian or Neo-Confucian scholars, while Fukuzawa never denied the value of those classics, just implying that they were good, but were not the subjects you really had to study diligently.
- 156番の歌の「巳具耳矣自得見監乍共」の訓読として、「去年(こぞ)のみを我と見えつつ(去年ばかりは私と逢ったが、共に寝ない夜が多い)」(全註釈)「夢にのみ見えつつもとな(亡くなった人の姿が夢にばかり見えて、共に寝なくなった夜が多い)」(私注)「夢にだに見むとすれども(「夢にのみ~」と同じ意味)」(古典大系本)などが挙げられているが、未だ定説をみるには至っていない。
- Although Kundoku (reading Chinese texts as Japanese texts) for the 156th poem '巳具耳矣自得見監乍共' includes the following three reading examples, none of these has become an established theory: (1) 'Even we met each other last year, there are many nights when we do not sleep together' (Zenchushaku [a comprehensive commentary]), (2) 'As the figure of the deceased appears in my dream, there are many nights when we do not sleep together' (Shichu [Personal Notes]) and (3) The same meaning as the above (2) (Koten Taikeihon [anthology of classical Japanese literature]).
- このとき、後三条天皇は院政を開始する意図を持っていたとする見解が慈円により主張されて(『愚管抄』)以来、北畠親房(『神皇正統記』)、新井白石(『読史余論』)、黒板勝美、三浦周行などにより主張されていたが、和田英松が、災害異変、後三条の病気、実仁親王 (平安時代)の立東宮の3点が譲位の理由であり院政開始は企図されていなかったと主張し、平泉澄が病気のみに限定するなど異論が出された。
- Because Jien asserted that Emperor Gosanjo at that time was intent upon initiating insei ('Gukansho'), Chikafusa KITABATAKE ('Jinno-Shoto-ki'), Hakuseki ARAI ('Tokushiyoron'), Katsumi KUROITA, Hiroyuki MIURA, etc., also supported such an assumption; however, there were different views, such as that of Hidematsu WADA, who asserted that the initiation of insei was not intended due to three reasons--disasters/accidents, Gosanjo's illness and Imperial Prince Sanehito's assumption of the position as the Crown Prince--which reasons were limited only to illness by Kiyoshi HIRAIZUMI.
- さらに、草合わせをする2人の少女(法華経巻七扇8)、小鳥捕りをする少年(法華経巻七扇9)、柿もぎのようす(法華経巻六扇11)など子どもの遊戯や風物詩も画題となっており、紅葉を愛でる女房と栗拾いの婢女を描いた場面(法華経巻一扇10)、文を読む公卿と童女(法華経巻一扇9)、遊女と傀儡子(または男巫)が今様を歌って道祖神に報宴し、神霊を慰めているのではないかと推定される場面などを描いたものもある。
- Furthermore, the subjects of the paintings include children's play and seasonal images, such as two girls comparing grasses they have gathered in a game of kusa-awase (the eighth fan of 'hokekyo' vol. 7), a boy trying to catch a little bird (the ninth fan of 'hokkekyo' vol. 7) and the persimmon harvest (the 11th fan of 'hokkekyo' vol. 6), as well as a scene of a court lady admiring the autumn leaves and a serving girl collecting chestnuts (the 10th fan of 'hokkekyo' vol. 1), a little girl and a court official reading a letter (the ninth fan of 'hokkekyo' vol. 1) and even a scene of a prostitute and a puppet player (or sorcerer) singing Imayo (a popular style of song in the Heian period) as offerings to guardian deity of travelers, Doso-jin, probably to comfort the spirit.
- 天皇という呼称は律令制(「儀制令」)に規定があり、祭祀においては「天子」、詔書には「天皇」、華夷においては(国内外にむけては)「皇帝」、臣下がすぐそばから呼びかける時には「陛下」、皇太子など後継者に譲位した場合は「太上天皇(だいじょうてんのう)」、外出時には「乗輿」、行幸時には「車駕」という7つの呼び方が定められているがこれらはあくまで書記(表記)に用いられるもので、どう書いてあっても読みは風俗(当時の習慣)に従って「すめみまのみこと」や「すめらみこと」等と称するとある(特に祭祀における「天子」は「すめみまのみこと」と読んだ)。
- A regulation in the ritsuryo codes ('Gisei-ryo,' or the regulation of ceremonies code) regarding the title to be used for the Tenno states that the Emperor should be called 'Sumemimanomikoto,' 'Sumeramikoto,' or another such title in accordance with the customs of that time; this was despite the fact that there were already seven ways of addressing the Emperor—'Tenshi' at ceremonies, 'Tenno' in Shosho (imperial edicts or decrees), 'Kotei' in relations with China (domestic and diplomatic), 'Heika' when addressed by vassals in close proximity, 'Daijo-Tenno' when retired, 'Joyo' when going out, and 'Shaga' when traveling—because these names are only used in writing ('Tenshi' attending ceremonies in particular were addressed as 'Sumemimanomikoto').