要: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 主要産地
- Principal production centers
- Major production areas
- Main places of production
- 像の概要
- Overview of the statue
- 作品概要
- Outlines
- Summary of the Play
- 熟成の概要
- Outline of maturing
- 温泉の要素
- Elements of a hot spring
- 歴史と概要
- History and summary
- 儀式の概要
- Summary of the Ceremony
- 概要・沿革
- Summary and History
- 字は要賢。
- He had another name as Yoken.
- 歴史・概要
- Summary of History
- History and Summary
- 概要・歴史
- Summary
- Summary and history
- Outline and history
- 臨床的重要性
- clinical importance
- 主要製造産地
- The main manufacturing district
- 年忌法要一覧
- List of nenki hoyo
- 中陰法要一覧
- List of Chuin Memorial Services
- これを要するに
- to sum things up
- in short
- in other words
- 指定手続の概要
- Outline of the Designation Procedures
- 海老芋栽培の要領
- Tips for growing ebi-imo
- 国宝と重要文化財
- National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties
- 重要無形文化財。
- Important intangible cultural property
- It is designated as an important intangible cultural property.
- It is designated as Important Intangible Cultural Property.
- 僧籍・住職資格要件
- Requirements for priesthood and chief priest
- 21ヶ条(抜粋要約)
- 21 articles (extracted summary)
- 所要期間は約2週間。
- The time required is approximately two weeks.
- 法苑義林章要述 四巻
- Hoen girin-sho (a Buddhist book teaching the doctrine of Yuishiki sect) Yojutsu, 4 volumes
- 「重要文化財」の語義
- The Meaning of the Term 'Important Cultural Property'
- 主要二説をめぐる諸論
- Various discussions on the two main theories
- 玉置一成『茶道要鑑』
- 'Chado yokan' (literally, summary of sado), written by Issei TAMAKI
- 器楽的要素が非常に強い
- There is a very strong element of instrumental music.
- 歌舞伎狂言の演劇的要素
- Elements of drama in Kabuki Kyogen
- 水漬けと裏漉しが必要。
- It must be rinsed in water and then pureed.
- 慎重な温度管理を要する。
- The temperature must be carefully controlled.
- 家庭で上手く作るための要点
- Key points to cook okonomiyaki well in the household.
- 温泉には以下の要素がある。
- The following are the elements that make up hot springs.
- 「文化財」と「重要文化財」
- Cultural Properties and Important Cultural Properties
- システマチックに行う必要性
- The necessity for systematic operation
- 必要に応じて幾度か繰り返す。
- This process will, if necessary, be repeated several times.
- 主要チェーンでは最初の中止。
- It was the first termination in the major chains.
- また、熱湯で戻す必要も無い。
- Further, it doesn't need to be reconstituted with hot water.
- 重要文化財の例(ギャラリー)
- Examples of Important Cultural Properties (Gallery)
- 以下は、いずれも重要文化財。
- The following are important cultural properties.
- 詫び証文の概要は以下の通り。
- The Hokke sect submitted the deed of apology as below.
- 駐車場は無いので注意が必要。
- Be aware that there is no parking space.
- 直会(なおらい)的要素が強い。
- It was something like a naorai (feast).
- 日本での主要産地は以下のとおり
- The major production centers of fu in Japan are as follows:
- 旧法の「国宝」から重要文化財へ
- From 'national treasures' under the old law to important cultural properties
- 勝興寺本 六曲一双 重要文化財
- Shoko-ji Temple version: Pair of six-panel folding screens, Important Cultural Property
- 舞は能の根幹をなす要素である。
- Dancing is an element forming the basis of Noh.
- いくつかの予防措置が必要となる。
- Several preventive measures should be taken.
- 特に加工を必要とせず食用となる。
- It is edible without any special preparation.
- 通夜、葬儀、法要などで行われる。
- It is done on occasions such as a wake, funeral, and a memorial service.
- 四箇(密教では二箇)の法要の1つ
- One of the Buddhist memorial services according to Shika (four ritual styles of Daihoe (great Buddhist memorial service)), (Nika (two ritual styles) according to Esoteric Buddhism).
- 毎月初巳 10時 空鉢堂月例法要
- 10 o'clock a.m. on the first day of the Serpent of each month: Monthly Buddhist memorial service at Kuhatsu-do
- 筋は複雑で喜劇的要素が見られる。
- The plots are complicated and contain comic-like elements.
- 手拭と並んで重要な落語の小道具。
- A Sensu is an indispensable prop for Rakugo and serves also as a Tenugui towel.
- 重要無形文化財認定(人間国宝)。
- He is designated as an Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure).
- その後に不要成分ごと炭を脱去する。
- After that, charcoal is removed together with the impurities.
- 毎月21日 15時 開山堂月例法要
- 3 o'clock p.m. on the 21st day of each month: Monthly Buddhist memorial service at Kaizan-do
- 毎月 7日 11時 行者堂月例法要
- 11 o'clock a.m. on the 7th day of each month: Monthly Buddhist memorial service at Gyosha-do
- 毎月28日 11時 三宝堂月例法要
- 11 o'clock a.m. on the 28th day of each month: Monthly Buddhist memorial service at Sanpo-do
- 毎月二の寅 11時 剱鎧堂月例法要
- 11 o'clock a.m. on the second day of the Tiger of each month: Monthly Buddhist memorial service at Kengai-do
- 『宗門聯燈會要』(1189年成立)
- 'Shumon Rento Eyo' (established in 1189)
- 多少の時間と技術改良を必要とした。
- In other words, it took a little while for the original style akari shoji to be technically improved into the current style.
- 重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)。
- He is designated as an Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure).
- He was a holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure).
- He is the holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure).
- この「返し」には、多少のコツが必要。
- The 'kaeshi' needs a bit of knack.
- 酒母になるまでの所要期間は約1ヶ月。
- It takes approximately one month until sake mash is obtained.
- それが下記の7日毎に行う法要である。
- The details of the memorial services given every seven days are described below.
- ここから、「肝心要」の語源となった。
- The term 'Kanjin-kaname' (the main point) originated from the above idea.
- そしてそこから潜在的な需要に気づいた。
- He found a potential demand there.
- 集中した慎重な塗りの技術を要求される。
- Concentration and careful coating techniques are required.
- 重要無形文化財の総合指定を受けている。
- The group holds the overall designation as the important intangible cultural property.
- その他、審判が必要があると判断した場合
- Additionally, if the referees deem it necessary.
- 法的には国宝も重要文化財の一種である。
- Therefore, underin law, the classification national treasure is a subgroup of the category Important Cultural Property.
- 重要であり、焼き上がりの食感を良くする。
- It is important and makes the texture better when grilled.
- したがって、当身技を排除する要素はない。
- Therefore, atemi-waza is not excluded from jujutsu.
- 発酵に要する時間は下にいくほど長くなる。
- Fermentation takes longer progreesively toward lower layers of the ingredients.
- 定量で作られているので計量の必要がない。
- Because of the batch production system, no weighing process is required.
- (あえて剣術や杖術を修練する必要がない)
- (There is no need to specially train in swordplay and Jojutsu.)
- 再任には支所下の寺院の同意が必要となる。
- The agreement of the temples under the branch office is required for the reappointment.
- サクッとした食感に揚げるにはコツを要す。
- It requires skill to cook crispier tempura.
- また、以降の手順をあわてて行う必要もない。
- And it is not necessary to be in a hurry to perform the following procedures.
- この要因として用いる氷の違いが挙げられる。
- The cause of this difference is the difference in the ice.
- 栽培上重要なことは、施肥の量と時期である。
- The important thing while growing ebi-imo is the amount and the timing of adding fertilizer.
- 汁気の少ない料理に使う時は、水戻しが必要。
- When used in cooking with small amount of liquids, abura-fu has to be developed by soaking in water.
- 合気道に柔道や空手などの要素を取り入れた。
- It incorporated elements of judo and karate into aikido.
- 責任者は青、花火取扱者は赤のたすきが必要。
- The leader and the fireworks licensee of a parading group are required to wear a blue and red cross brace, respectively.
- 長崎市の人にとっては大変重要な行事である。
- Shoronagashi is a very important event for people in Nagasaki City.
- 毎日から数日に一度、染め直す必要があった。
- It was necessary to dye once every day or every several days.
- 落馬から再度乗馬するのに1点が必要とする。
- One score is required to ride the horse again after falling.
- 乗車時間帯によっては食事を要する場合がある。
- People needed meals when they were on the train at mealtimes.
- メニューは昼夜とも要予約のおまかせ料理のみ。
- Reservation required, and chef's choices are available only during lunch and dinner.
- 「語り」よりも「歌」の要素がきわめてつよい。
- The element of 'song' is much bigger than that of 'narration.'
- 文治元年(1185年)に開眼法要が営まれた。
- A Kaigen-hoyo ceremony (an eye-opening ceremony) was held in 1185.
- 近世初期の狩野派には他にも重要な画家が多い。
- The Kanoha group also had the most important painters in the early modern ages.
- 信長公記などによると法論の概要は以下の通り。
- According to the Nobunaga Koki, the debate is summarized as below.
- 重要文化財に指定されたものとして3点がある。
- Three of them are designated as Important Cultural Properties.
- 囃子方の発する掛け声も能の重要な要素である。
- The shout emitted by Noh musicians is also an important element of Noh drama.
- これは、単純且つ明快ながら重要な特徴である。
- The important characteristic of the Japanese drum is its simplicity and lucidity.
- 1996年(平成8年) 重要無形文化財保持者
- 1996: designated as a holder of the title 'Important Intangible Cultural Property'
- 薄く削るには職人による高等技術が必要とされる。
- It is believed that only craftsmen with excellent technique can shave kelp thinly.
- これは家事の一つとして重要な位置を占めていた。
- Preparing bento used to be one of the most important roles for housewives.
- 酒造りでは、ほどよく酸を出すことも重要である。
- In sake brewing, it is important to appropriately produce acids.
- ここに注文主を加えた四者が最低でも必要になる。
- At least four parties, including an additional party as the purchaser, became necessary.
- 味付けの濃い割下では辛くなるだけなので要注意。
- Keep in mind that if the warishita soup still has a strong flavor, it may simply make the noodles spicy.
- - 物事の真意や要点を把握する事が出来ない事。
- It means not to be able to grasp the real intention or important points.
- 東大寺も伽藍の主要部を焼失する大惨事となった。
- This fire resulted in a tragic incident, the burning down of major buildings of the Todai-ji Temple.
- 親鸞の法要行事である報恩講にて拝読されている。
- It is read at the Hoon-ko, a memorial services for Shinran.
- そのため、嗣書や印可の存在が重要視されてくる。
- As a result, Shisho and Inka became regarded as important.
- 最も重要なのは、土中に逆さに置かれた瓶である。
- The most important thing is for an inverted jar put into the soil.
- 池田本(林原美術館所蔵) 六曲一双 重要文化財
- Ikeda version (the possession of Hayashibara Museum of Art): Pair of six-panel folding screens, Important Cultural Property
- 適度な水をしわなく貼り付けることが重要である。
- The important thing is to use a proper amount of water to stick the paper on the object without rumples.
- 熱いご飯やおかずは密閉する前に冷ます必要がある。
- Hot rice and an accompanying dish must be cooled before it is sealed.
- 風刺画的な要素もあるが、あくまでも娯楽性が強い。
- They contained elements of caricature but consistently emphasized the entertainment aspect.
- 曲芸的な要素の一部は、後に歌舞伎に引き継がれた。
- Some of the stunt elements were later inherited by kabuki (traditional performing art).
- その他江戸時代の重要な箏曲家は次のとおりである。
- Other prominent Soh musicians during the Edo period were as follows.
- 紙職元祖碑の裏面の碑文の要約は次のとおりである。
- The summary of the inscription on the back side of the monument is as follows.
- 能は、当時の公家や武家の重要なもてなしであった。
- The Noh play was an important entertainment for court nobles and samurai families in those days.
- 舟木本(東京国立博物館所蔵)六曲一双 重要文化財
- Funaki version (possession of Tokyo National Museum): Pair of six-panel folding screens, Important Cultural Property
- 明かり障子は採光の必要から考案された建具である。
- Akari shoji was contrived from the need to naturally light indoor spaces.
- Akari-shoji was a door produced out of the need for daylight to brighten an interior room.
- 芸者は江戸での呼び方なので、区別する必要がある。
- Because the term, 'Geisha,' is used in Edo (old name for Tokyo), it needs to be distinguished.
- 1972年、重要無形文化財各個指定(人間国宝)。
- 1972 Important Intangible Cultural Property Designation (Living National Treasure)
- 乾燥しすぎると折れやすくなるため加減が必要である。
- Kelp should be dried in moderation, because it becomes easy to break when being dried too much.
- 各所、禁忌の場合もあるので、飲む場合は注意が必要。
- At each place, when drinking, attention should be paid as it may damage health depending on the person.
- 出典としては『細川三斎茶書』『貞要集』などがある。
- 'Hosokawa Sansai Tea Book' and 'Teiyoshu' are the sources of this episode.
- 入室には全身の消毒が必要で、関係者以外は入れない。
- To enter the room, whole body sterilization is required and none other than people concerned are allowed to enter the room.
- 戯画的な要素をもった現代の漫画にあたるものも多い。
- Many fall under the category of present-day comics and contain elements of caricature.
- 足拍子の響きをよくするために要所に甕を生けている。
- Earthenware pots are arranged at appropriate points to make the sounds of Ashibyoshi (beating time with one's foot) better.
- 広い敷地が必要なため、専用遠的場の設置数は少ない。
- Because a large area is required, there aren't many designated Kyudo dojo for long-distance shooting.
- お好み焼きより遙かにシビアな溶き加減を要求される。
- A far more delicate adjustment of viscosity is required for the dough of takoyaki than for that of okonomiyaki.
- 多くは、修行に入る前や法要を執行する前に行われる。
- It is mostly done before beginning ascetic practices or holding a Buddhist memorial service.
- このことが宋代の新しい経学を生む要因の一つとなった。
- This was one of the factors which led to the birth of a new learning of Keisho in Song.
- 「生酒」(なまざけ)とは別の概念なので注意を要する。
- As 'namashu' is a different concept from 'namazake,' we have to be careful in this regard.
- 真空包装の物や、無添加であっても要冷蔵の佃煮が多い。
- It also comes in vacuum packs and there are even varieties with no additives that require refrigeration.
- 聖霊会(しょうりょうえ)は、聖徳太子の命日の大法要。
- Shoryoe refers to Daihoyo (major Buddhist memorial service) for the anniversary of Prince Shotoku's death.
- また四週目と五週目の法要の間に、最初の月命日が来る。
- The first monthly anniversary of the death comes between the fourth and the fifth weeks' memorial services.
- また流し漉きの操作には、慎重で細心の注意が必要とな。
- In addition, the method of 'Nagashi-suki' needs the most careful attention.
- 12月・第1日曜日-宇多野三宝寺、日蓮忌日報恩法要。
- The first Sunday of December: Nichiren kinichi hoon hoyo (monthly memorial service for Nichiren) at Udano Sanpo-ji Temple.
- - 松尾芸能賞大賞、無形重要文化財(人間国宝)に認定
- Received Matsuo Prize of Entertainment Grand Prize, and recognized as Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure)
- カラオケボックス成功の一要因として、下記があげられる。
- One factor that contributed to the success of karaoke box may be the following fact.
- 水の硬度 (水)は、酒の味に影響する要素の一つである。
- The hardness of water is one element that determines the taste of sake.
- ブレンドの概要はたいてい裏ラベルなどに表示されている。
- The outline of such blend is usually indicated on the back label.
- 表面をフッ素加工したフライパンでは油を引く必要はない。
- Oil can be omitted if a non-stick pan is used.
- 刀の装備はこれらの着用を相手に強要する意味があること。
- Equipping with swords means forcing the opponent to wear armor.
- カーボンコピーの要領で画像を壁面に写し取るものである。
- This method resulted in a carbon copy like image of the sketch being transferred to the wall.
- 1594年(文禄3年)8月、京要法寺より大石寺へ登る。
- He moved from Yobo-ji Temple in Kyoto to Taiseki-ji Temple in September, 1594.
- 歴博甲本(国立歴史民俗博物館所蔵)六曲一双 重要文化財
- Rekihaku 'A' version (the possession of National Museum of Japanese History): Pair of six-panel folding screens, the Important Cultural Property
- 歴博乙本(国立歴史民俗博物館所蔵)六曲一双 重要文化財
- Rekihaku 'B' version (National Museum of Japanese History): Pair of six-panel folding screens, Important Cultural Property
- 特に年初の的始(後には射礼と称された)は重要とされた。
- Especially, a high value was placed upon Mato-hajime (first shoot in the beginning of the year - later called Jarai).
- 10aあたりでの種芋の数は、800~900個必要である。
- The number of potato sets necessary per 10a is approximately from 800 to 900.
- 強力な握力、腕力、腹筋、体幹が必要となり、難易度は高い。
- It requires a strong grip, brute strength, and muscular abdominals and trunk, and the degree of difficulty is high.
- アンモニア処理の高野豆腐と違い密封保存する必要性は無い。
- Unlike the koya-dofu processed with ammonia, it doesn't need to be hermetically sealed.
- 宗教に関する法律の必要性は政界においても認識されていた。
- The necessity of a law on religion was also recognized in political world.
- が、遺族が法要を行い、お経の声が審判官に届けば赦される。
- If the bereaved gives memorial services, and if the judge can hear the prayers, the deceased will be forgiven.
- 水を用いないため、うまく揚げるには技量が必要といわれる。
- To deep-fry it neatly, a special technique will be required because no water is added to the batter.
- このように物語を動かす上での重要な役どころを勤めている。
- In this way, she takes on an important role in advancing the story.
- 市内に点在する製麺所がバチを求める客の要望に対し考案した。
- The noodle making factories dotting the city invented it, catering to the customers who want bachi.
- 非常に多彩な技能を要し、どの曲も難曲といって過言ではない。
- It requires an extremely rich variety of techniques, and it isn't an exaggeration to say that any one piece is challenging.
- 糖度が高いことは重要だが、酸の量も同様に味の決め手になる。
- Although high sugar content is important, volume of acid also determines its taste.
- かつては防腐効果がアルコール添加の最も重要な目的であった。
- In the past, the most important purpose of the process to add alcohol was preservation from putrefaction.
- 暖色の子鯉の増加はそういった需要に応えての事のようである。
- The increase in kogoi depicted in warm colors is a response to such demand.
- 手の内の当る重要な部分で、柔らかく吸湿性のある鹿革を巻く。
- It is the most important part that lies within the palm of the archer, and uses a deer leather that is soft and keeps in moisture.
- 外部要因としては銃の発明もその歴史において大きく影響した。
- As an external factor, the invention of the gun made a great impact on the development of the bow.
- 新羅に対抗するため、さかんに倭に対して援軍を要求していた。
- In order to fight against Silla, he often requested Wa to send reinforcements.
- 即位灌頂は儀式として完成した江戸期、朝廷の重要事とされた。
- During the Edo period when sokuikanjo was completed as a ritual, it was treated as an important matter for the Imperial Court.
- 宗旨、地域によっても異なるが、一般に下記の法要が営まれる。
- Generally, these hoyo listed below are held, although some difference may exist depending on the sect and region.
- 「七回忌」以降の法要は、日本で独自に付加されたものである。
- Hoyo of shichikaiki (the sixth anniversary of one's death) and after were added originally in Japan.
- そうなればもはや髑髏本尊など必要なくなってしまうのである。
- Once they reach enlightenment the skull principal image is not necessary anymore.
- 表面紙にあった本格的な、下地骨と丁寧な下張りが要求される。
- It requires a fully-fledged basic frame and carefully pasted materials to prepare the groundwork suitable for the surface paper.
- (もっぱら家族が使う茶の間などでは床の間を造る必要はない)
- (There is no need to install tokonoma in a living room that is usually used by the family members.)
- 掛け声もまた重要な音楽的要素であり、その譜は固定している。
- The cheer, which is also an important musical element, is determined by the Noh score.
- 社是(松葉屋要綱)―「慎重敢為」「利真於勤」「自彊不息」―
- Business Creeds (principles of Matsubaya): 'Shincho-kani (When you want to accomplish something, prepare for it carefully before launching it, but challenge it unflinchingly once you have launched);' 'Ri wa Tsutomuru ni oite Shin nari (Profits should be made by contributing to society):' and 'Mizukara Tsutomete Yamazu (Keep training yourself and never give up)'
- 庭園外の自然物等についても庭園景観の重要な構成要素とする。
- The natural scenery outside the garden is also considered to be an important component of the garden spectacle.
- 軽音楽的な要素もあって、地歌と大衆的歌謡との接点でもあった。
- They had the elements of light music, and they served as a point of contact between jiuta and songs that were popular among the masses.
- 現在の清酒の分類において、もっとも重要なのは特定名称である。
- Most important classification of seishu at present is the classification by specific class name.
- 特にドイツは「禅」がブームとなっており、需要が増加している。
- In particular, demand for Senko is increasing in Germany where 'Zen' is booming.
- また、滋味には特有の旨味と適度な渋みのバランスが重要である。
- Flavor-wise, a balance between their own delicious taste and modest astringency is important.
- 臙脂は、浸透性が強く、塗り方は難しく、熟練した技術を要する。
- Dark red color has strong permeability, and is difficult to paint with, requiring experience and skill.
- したがって、概念相互の関係を論ずるには注意を払う必要がある。
- Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention when debating the relationship between reciprocating concepts.
- またシンプルに六方を焼いただけの「葛焼」は熟練を要する菓子。
- Also, 'kuzuyaki' is a cubed confection requiring high technique of simply roasting all sides of it.
- 普化は神異の僧であり、神仙的な逸事も多く、伝説的要素が強い。
- Fuke was a monk with mysterious power and he left many miraculous anecdotes, so he is veiled in the strong legendary factors.
- 1589年(天正16年)、京要法寺、日興の本尊を日主に贈る。
- Yobo-ji Temple in Kyoto donated a principal image of Nikko to Nisshu in 1589.
- 招待客は最大5名程度までであり、3時間~5時間程度を要する。
- The maximum number of guests are five and requires three to five hours.
- 扇子の要は、金属やプラスチック、鯨ひげなどで骨を束ねている。
- A pivot for the Sensu is made by tying the ribs with metal or plastic thread or baleen.
- 香炉:香を聞くために、もしくは炭団の扱いのために必要な道具。
- Koro: Instrument required in order to listen to incense or handle Tadon
- 歩射も盛んであり、現代の弓道において主要な流派の一つである。
- It also actively performs Busha and it is one of the major schools in modern Kyudo.
- 本職ガイドが居る地域ではそれとのすみわけが必要になってくる。
- The need to separate tourism volunteer guides from professional guides arises in areas where both are active.
- また、需要の高まりもあることから養殖技術の確立が望まれている。
- The establishment of the cultivation technology is also expected to meet public growing demand.
- 多くは濃縮液となっており、使用時に水を加えて薄める必要がある。
- Most of them are concentrated, so they have to be diluted with water when used in cooking.
- 弁当を作るにあたって最も重要な点は、食中毒を避けることである。
- To prepare bento, the most important thing is to prevent food poisoning.
- 日本料理において、出汁は最も基本的で重要な材料のひとつである。
- In Japanese cuisine, soup stock is one of the most basic, most important ingredients.
- この酵母の多様性が酒の味や香りや質を決定づける重要な鍵となる。
- The diverse qualities of yeast is an important key to determine taste, flavor, and quality of sake.
- 覚えた技を試したい者は、掛け試しなどの実戦を行う必要があった。
- Those who wanted to try mastered techniques had to do so in street fighting such as kake-dameshi.
- それらの競争は、卸売業者や生産メーカーへの値下げ要望となった。
- That competition led to requests for wholesale dealers and manufacturers to lower prices.
- 正確な音程が得られないため、奏者が音程の補正をする必要がある。
- Because it is generally not possible to obtain an accurate tuning in the older shakuhachi as mentioned above, the player must make adjustments for pitch irregularities while playing.
- 天下の奇祭と呼ばれる国指定重要無形民俗文化財の鬼祭が行われる。
- A well-known strange festival, the Oni Festival--an officially designated significant intangible folk cultural asset--is held.
- また、前述の通り、和菓子には芸術作品としての側面も要求される。
- Also, as mentioned above, wagashi are also required to incorporate artistic elements.
- なお、指定は「国宝及び重要文化財指定基準」に基づいて行われる。
- Furthermore, the approval is based on 'Designation Criteria for National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties.'
- 寺院で法要を巌修する時に、仏を供養するため花や葉を撒き散らす。
- At solemn Buddhist memorial services held in temples, flowers and leaves are scattered to make offerings to Buddha.
- 十王経や、恵心僧都源信 (僧侶)の「往生要集」に記されている。
- They are described in Juo-kyo Sutra and 'Ojoyoshu' (The Essentials of Salvation) written by Eshin Sozu Genshin (Buddhist monk).
- 「教禅一致」を説く、仏教史上において重要な文献であると言える。
- It can be said that it is an important literature in the History of Buddhism preaching the 'Convergence of Ch'an and the Teachings.'
- これは重要な工程で、組子骨の筋の透け防止と襖建具の裄 をだす。
- This is an important process to prevent the ribs of the frame from being seen and to maintain depth of the fusuma door.
- これの一要因として、京言葉の持つ発音、アクセントがあげられる。
- Such recognition may be attributed to its pronunciation and accents.
- いずれにしても地歌の駒は音色を決める上で非常に重要なものである。
- In any case, the koma for jiuta is very important in determining the sound.
- とりわけ琉球王朝時代に昆布を中国への朝貢品の主要産物としていた。
- Particularly, kelp was a main product to be dedicated to the Chinese dynasty in the Ryukyu Kingdom period.
- そのため、新暦導入前の人物の数え年の計算には、注意が必要である。
- Therefore, when calculating a person's age who lived before the new calendar was introduced based on the traditional Japanese system requires attention.
- 主原料ではないが、日本酒造りの大きな要素であるため、ここに記す。
- Although it is not the main raw material, it is noted here because it is an important factor for sake brewing.
- 病中病後で体力が落ちている人や乾燥肌の人は特に注意を必要とする。
- Persons whose physical strength has declined due to illness or those with dry skin should pay attention in particular.
- - 蝶結びにすると、離婚し再婚する事を意味するので、注意が必要。
- A bowknot cannot be used because it may signify that the couple will divorce for another wedding.
- その他、なぎなたとの異種試合の際は、すね当ての着用も必要となる。
- Additionally, in matches between different arts with Naginata (long-handled sword), the Sune-ate (shin guard) must also be worn.
- 体術のみでは不十分で剣術や杖術などの武器術も修練する必要がある。
- Taijutsu alone is not sufficient, but training in the art of weaponry such as swordplay and Jojutsu is necessary.
- それ以外の兵も自衛用の武器が必要とされ、主に刀を身につけていた。
- Other soldiers needed to have a self-defence weapon, and they had mainly Katana with them.
- これは、国指定の有形文化財のみを指す用語である点に注意を要する。
- Instead, the term refers only to nationally designated tangible cultural properties, so please be aware of this point.
- 法要は、その当日(地域によっては、前夜)に営むのが最善ではある。
- The memorial service is best given on that day (or the eve of the day, depending on the region).
- これらの要素、構造は地域や時代により各種のバリエーションがある。
- The elements and structure have variations, depending on the region and the era.
- 一方で、商品流通の必要から、木材は規格化され商品化されていった。
- On the other hand, lumber was standardized and commercialized because of the necessity for commercial distribution.
- また畳の普及も商品流通の必要から、必然的に規格寸法化されていた。
- In addition, the need of commercial distribution inevitably led to the standardizations of tatami.
- 弱すぎず強すぎずに銀葉を調節することは難しく、経験が必要となる。
- It is difficult to adjust Ginyo appropriately without pressing it too much or too little, and experience is required.
- 紫綬褒章受章、日本芸術院会員、重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)。
- He was honored with a shiju hosho (medal of honor with purple ribbon), he is a member of The Japan Art Academy, and a holder of the title of 'Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure)'.
- 彼岸会法要は日本オリジナルであり、彼岸の仏事は浄土思想に由来する。
- The Buddhist memorial service of higan-e is unique to Japan, and the Buddhist service for the dead in higan originates from Pure Land Buddhism.
- 極めて重要であり、これで食感の大半が決まってしまうと言っても良い。
- It is extremely important and we can say that timing determines the texture.
- マコンブは2年生のため、その養殖には2年の時間と手間が必要である。
- L. japonica is biennial seaweed, requesting a great deal of time extending as long as two years and labor in order to be cultivated.
- そのような体系化の中で、楽器に複雑な機構を要求するようにもなった。
- This process also required musical instruments to have complicated mechanisms.
- 楽器の音階を決める穴配りと穴あけには高度の製作技術が必要とされる。
- An advanced technique is required for positioning the holes and hole making to realize the instrument's scale.
- 水は日本酒の80%を占める成分で、品質を左右する大きな要因となる。
- Water is the principal ingredient that makes up eighty percent of sake and an important factor that determines the quality.
- 『…握りの位置は弓の上部から約3分の2のところにあることを要す。』
- '... The bow is gripped two-thirds in length from the top of the bow.'
- - 蝶結びにすると、何度も病気になることを意味するので注意が必要。
- A bowknot cannot be used because it may signify that the illness may repeat.
- また、審査会は東京をはじめ、京都など全国の主要都市などで行われる。
- Also, examinations are held in major cities and so on, nationwide, including Tokyo and Kyoto.
- 武徳会弓道部会長は宇野要三郎範士が就任、武徳会常務理事も兼務した。
- Hanshi, Yozaburo UNO, was assumed as the chairman of the Kyudo-bu in Butoku Kai and also served as the executive director of Butoku Kai.
- - 大さじ4程度(日本酒を使用する場合は塩味を足す形で調整が必要)
- About four tablespoonfuls (when Japanese sake is used, salt must be added to supplement the flavor.)
- また、多孔質でにおいを吸着しやすいので保存時には注意が必要である。
- Also, it's porous and can easily absorb odor, so attention is required in preserving it.
- 代表的な語録として『臨済録』、『碧巌録』、『古尊宿語要』等がある。
- Typical goroku include 'Rinzai Roku' (the record of Rinzai's teachings), 'Hekiganroku' and 'Kosonshukugoyo' (Summary of Kosonsyuku Analects).
- 故人の祥月命日の内、定められた年に営まれる法要が、年忌法要である。
- Hoyo held on the shotsuki meinichi (the same month and the same day of month of death) in certain years are called nenki hoyo.
- 江戸において唐紙の需要が最も多く、和唐紙も江戸で盛んにつくられた。
- The demand for karakami was greatest in Edo, and watoshi was produced actively there.
- 企業の接待、宴会や商談、要人や政治家の密談等に使われることが多い。
- Ryotei is often used for occasions such as receptions of enterprise, feasts, business negotiations, confidential talks between important persons and politicians.
- 指定文化財の現状変更には文化庁長官の許可が必要である(第43条)。
- To change the current state of a designated cultural property, it is necessary to obtain permission from the director-general of the Agency for Cultural Affairs (Article 43).
- 中陰(忌明け)後、命日から100日目に「百ヶ日」の法要が行われる。
- After the chuin (a period of mourning lasting seven weeks) (the end of chuin is also called 'kiake,' which means the end of mourning), on the one hundredth day after the death, a hoyo of hyakkanichi (one hundredth day) is held.
- 最近は新型酵母の開発により、そういう必要はなくなってきたといわれる。
- It is said that such a process has became unnecessary thanks to development of new types of sake yeasts.
- さらに「米麹」の総重量は、白米の総重量に対して15%以上必要である。
- It is also required that the total weight of 'malted rice' is fifteen or more of the total weight of polished rice.
- 様々な需要に応えるため、量などを違えた様々な削り節が市販されている。
- Today, various amounts (or kinds) of kezuribushi are put on the market to meet various consumer demands.
- このとき投入した原材料が焼酎の主要原材料として表記されることになる。
- The added ingredients at this stage will be declared as the major ingredients of the shochu.
- この時の贈答品は主に、新しい年を迎える為に必要な物を送ることが多い。
- As gifts for this case, things needed to get ready for the New Year are usually selected.
- なお、ワカメは煮すぎると溶けてしまうことがあるので注意が必要である。
- Please be careful not to simmer the seaweed too long, for it could melt from the heat.
- また入仏開眼や寺院の落慶法要では大量の散華が撒かれ、見ごたえがある。
- At Nyubutsu Kaigen (the ceremony to consecrate a newly made Buddhist statue) and rakkei hoyo (a memorial service to celebrate the construction of a temple) of temples, a large amount of sange is scattered, making an impressive scene.
- 坂東曲(ばんどうぶし)とは、真宗大谷派の法要・報恩講でなされる行事。
- Bando-bushi is an event taking place at Buddhist memorial services and Hoon-ko (memorial services for Shinran) in the Otani school of the Shinshu Sect.
- 仏教では、新たに僧尼となる者は、戒律を遵守することを誓う必要がある。
- In Buddhism, those who newly ordain as priests and nuns must take a vow to observe the Vinaya precepts.
- 束帯・直衣・狩衣などは、儀式などの必要に応じて着用するものになった。
- The sokutai, noshi, and kariginu (clothing worn originally for hunting) began to be worn depending on the need of performing events such as rituals.
- これらの能の間には狂言が挟まれるため、全体では大変な長時間を要した。
- Between these Noh dramas, Noh farces enter. Therefore, it takes a long time for the entire show.
- 文化財のうち必要なものを神戸市地域文化財として認定することができる。
- Among the cultural properties, the necessary ones can be registered as Kobe City local cultural properties.
- 文化財のうち必要なものを神戸市登録文化財として登録することができる。
- Among the cultural properties, the necessary ones can be registered as Kobe City registered cultural properties.
- 2002年(平成14年)重要無形文化財各個保有者(人間国宝)に認定。
- He was designated as the individual holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure).
- また、表面は印画紙なので余白に手書きで書き添える場合は油性ペンが必要。
- Because the surface is glossy, oil-based pen is needed in order to add a handwritten comment.
- 自家製といえども食用に供するには衛生面でのそれなりの配慮が必要である。
- Even if it is home-made for the home consumption, some consideration needs to be given for hygienic aspects.
- 穴をあけるときには精神集中し、ここであると思い切る勇気が必要とされる。
- When making a hole, concentration and courage to take the plunge are required.
- 三河萬歳(愛知県) 国指定重要無形民俗文化財(1995年12月26日)
- Mikawa-manzai (Aichi Prefecture)The nation's designated significant intangible folklore cultural assets (December 26, 1995)
- 尾張萬歳(愛知県) 国指定重要無形民俗文化財(1996年12月20日)
- Owari-manzai (Aichi Prefecture)The nation's designated significant intangible folklore cultural assets (December 20, 1996)
- 裳を構成する重要な装飾である「小腰」は時代により用法が大きく変化した。
- Kogoshi,' the important decorative composition of mo changed in the way it was used in tune with the times.
- 吸い物は出汁で味が決まるためよい出汁をとることがなによりも重要である。
- The taste of suimono depends on the soup stock; therefore, it is more important than anything else to prepare good soup stock.
- 西洋音楽や明清楽の音階の要素を箏の方が容易に取り入れることができること。
- So (koto) was more receptive to accommodating the elements of Western musical scales and Ming and Xing-era Chinese music (as popularized in Japan before the first Sino-Japanese War).
- 静岡県賀茂郡 (静岡県)松崎町が日本一の生産量で全国需要の7割を占める。
- Matsuzaki Town, Kamo County, in Shizuoka Prefecture, is the largest manufacturer of sakuraba, producing seventy percent of Japan's total demand.
- この場合はお代わりを要求したりはしないのが無難であり、また常識とされる。
- The visitor should not ask for another bowl of bubuzuke.
- 平成元年(1989年)の新学習指導要領で格技から武道に名称がもどされた。
- The name 'kakugi' was changed back to 'budo' under the new guidelines by the Ministry of Education in 1989.
- この規定に基づいて指定された法人を当該重要文化財の「管理団体」と称する。
- Based on this ordinance, the corporation thus assigned is called the 'management body' of the concerned important cultural property.
- このため、成道会を臘八会(ろうはちえ)とも称し、この日に法要が行われる。
- Therefore, Jodo-e (Celebration of Shakyamuni Buddha's enlightenment) is also called Rohachie, on which occasion a memorial service is held.
- 予約が必要と言うのはこのためで、座敷や料理に時間が必要であるからである。
- Reservations are said to be necessary because it takes time for the room arrangement and preparing the cuisine.
- 水琴窟でよい音を出すには瓶など各要素の組み合わせとその調整が必要である。
- In order for the Suikinkutsu to emit a good sound, adjustment is necessary for the combination of each element, such as the jar.
- 襖で仕切られた部屋3室と、虎の毛皮、女物の衣裳、鉄砲のセットが2つ必要。
- Three rooms divided by fusuma, two sets of tiger fur, female costumes and musket are required to play.
- 湿気を極度に嫌うので、革は演奏の前に炭火にかざして乾燥させる必要がある。
- Because moisture is an extreme nuisance, the leather should be dried over a charcoal fire before the performance.
- 有形文化財のうち重要なものを東京都指定有形文化財に指定することができる。
- Among the tangible cultural properties, the important ones can be designated as 'Tokyo Metropolitan Area-designated tangible cultural properties.'
- 無形文化財のうち重要なものを東京都指定無形文化財に指定することができる。
- Among the intangible cultural properties, the important ones can be designated as 'Tokyo Metropolitan-Area designated intangible cultural properties.'
- 有形文化財のうち重要なものを山梨県指定有形文化財に指定することができる。
- Among the tangible cultural properties, those important ones can be designated as 'Yamanashi Prefectural designated tangible cultural properties.'
- 無形文化財のうち重要なものを山梨県指定無形文化財に指定することができる。
- Among the intangible cultural properties, the important ones can be designated as 'Yamanashi Prefecture-designated intangible cultural properties.'
- 楽節の終わりごとに太鼓の一撃が入り、楽曲全体を統率する重要な要素である。
- One stroke of the Japanese drum sounds whenever the scene is ended, so it is an important element that leads the entire music.
- このほかに祝儀(ご祝儀)と呼ばれる一種のチップのようなものも必要となる。
- Additionally, 'shugi (goshugi)' that is something similar to gratuity is necessary.
- 昭和43年 (1968)、重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)に認定される。
- In 1968, he was accredited as the holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure.)
- ただしワサビの量が多いため、食べる際は苦手な人でなくとも覚悟が必要である。
- When eating it, however, considerable resolve is required even for the person who likes wasabi, because a large amount of it is used.
- 日本の主要な産地は静岡県、長野県、東京都、島根県、山梨県、岩手県等である。
- The principal production centers of wasabi in Japan are the prefectures of Shizuoka, Nagano, Tokyo, Shimane, Yamanashi, Iwate, etc.
- また山鉾巡行では重要有形民俗文化財が公道を巡るため動く美術館とも称される。
- As the significant tangible folk cultural assets travel on the public way during the Yamahoko Junko, they are even described as 'moving museums.'
- こけ順が素直で、模様が前後左右にバランス良く曲がっていることが重要である。
- It is important that the taper is good and the tree curves with a form which is well-balanced all around.
- そのため、県内の酒蔵からは「県産酒は県独自の酒米で」との要望が募っていた。
- Requests for 'sake produced in this prefecture with rice unique to the prefecture' had been accumulated among breweries in Yamagata Prefecture.
- 調子(調弦)において、一部の調子の名が双方の流派で異なるため注意を要する。
- When tuning Soh, attention should be paid to the fact that the name of a tune is different between the two schools.
- 道路上での船の作成や全長2m以上の船を流す場合は所轄の警察署長の許可が必要
- Approval of the chief of the police station under the jurisdiction is required to build a boat on a road or to parade a boat with a length of more than two meters.
- 以下、宮内庁式部職楽部に伝わる日本の雅楽(重要無形文化財)を中心に述べる。
- The Japanese Gagaku (an important intangible cultural heritage) passed down in the Gakubu Section, Shikibu-shoku Department, of the Imperial Household Agency, is mainly described here as follows:
- しかしながら、最も重要な部材の一つである虹梁の材料が見つかっていなかった。
- However, the material for Koryo, one of the most important parts, had not been found until that time.
- 何度も繰り返された即位時の印明伝授についての争論もその重要性の表れである。
- Repeated conflicts concerning inmyodenju at the time of enthronement were a sign of its importance.
- 正法眼蔵という言葉は、本来、仏法の端的すなわち肝心要のことがらを意味する。
- The term Shobogenzo originally indicates what is true or essential in Buddhism.
- それぞれの法要の時には、その仏菩薩を本尊として法要を行うというものである。
- The hoyo of each time is held with each Buddha or Bosatsu as the honzon (principal object of worship).
- 同年11月に開眼法要が営まれ、法隆寺金堂内部はようやく火災前の姿に戻った。
- In November of the same year, a Kaigen-hoyo (literally, eye-opening ceremony; Buddhist ceremony when the construction of a temple is completed) was held and the inside of the Kondo of the Horyu-ji Temple was restored to the pre-fire condition.
- 1587年(天正14年)、京要法寺と通用の申合せをなし日目の本尊を授与す。
- He agreed with Yobo-ji Temple in Kyoto on service and provided a principal image of Nichimoku in 1587.
- 秦氏は、このように古くから、造紙(ぞうし)関係の要職と深くつながっていた。
- The Hata clan was deeply related with important posts on paper making from ancient times.
- この部位が壊れると扇子としての用を為さなくなるため、最も重要な部分である。
- If it's brakes, the Sensu won't be able to fulfill its primary function, so this is the most important point
- 践祚し皇位を継承するには『三種の神器』を先帝から受け継ぐことが要求される。
- Imperial succession requires for a new emperor to inherit the three sacred imperial treasures from the previous emperor.
- 日本弓術の特徴は、中国の影響を受けて弓射の文化的要素が発達したことである。
- The characteristics of Kyujutsu in Japan is that the cultural aspect of Yumiire was developed under the influence of China.
- 主要生産地は熊本県南部の人吉盆地(人吉・球磨地方)で、28の蔵元がひしめく。
- The major production area is Hitoyoshi Bonchi basin in southern Kumamoto Prefecture (Hitoyoshi/Kuma region) where there is a remarkable number of twenty-eight shochu breweries.
- 関東地方では安価な墓参用線香の需要の内すでに7~80%が輸入品が占めている。
- In the Kanto region, imported products account for 70% to 80% of the market of cheap Senko used for grave visits.
- したがって、原料水が、井戸水であるか水道水であるかを明らかにする必要は無い。
- Therefore, it is not required to reveal whether water used as raw material for sake is from a well or is tap water.
- 湯村温泉 (兵庫県)の源泉「荒湯」は日本一高温の温泉(98℃)で湯沸し不要。
- The source of the hot springs of Yumura hot springs (Hyogo Prefecture) is the hottest spring water in Japan (98℃) and it does not need to be heated up.
- 唐琵琶とは日本での呼び名で、唐代の琵琶とは大きく異なるので注意が必要である。
- We have to keep in mind that the To biwa was a Japanese name and different from the biwa in the period of the Tang Dynasty.
- 岡山県(黒住教、金光教)発祥の、雅楽と能楽・俗楽の要素が合わさった「吉備楽」
- Kibigaku,' born in Okayama Prefecture (Kurozumikyo sect and Konkokyo sect), with the elements of Gagaku, and Nogaku and Zokugaku mixed
- なお、購入などの際には、登録証記載の各教育委員会への名義変更届が必要である。
- In case of purchase, however, change of ownership must be notified to the Board of Education upon registration.
- また財政的に裕福な商人が豪奢な脇差を特注するなど、刀の新たな需要も発生した。
- New demand for Katana was also generated since financially well-off merchants specially ordered luxurious Wakizashi (medium length swords).
- 武士たるもの、常日頃の心がけと、いざという時の態勢が必要とされたものである。
- For samurai, preparations both in daily life and for emergencies were necessary.
- 文化的景観のうち重要なものを山梨県選定文化的景観として選定することができる。
- Among the cultural sceneries, those important ones can be selected as 'Yamanashi Prefectural selected cultural landscapes.'
- 有形文化財のうち特に価値の高いものを岐阜県重要文化財に指定することができる。
- Among the tangible cultural properties, the particularly valuable ones can be designated as 'Gifu Prefectural important cultural properties.'
- そもそも、ヨーロッパの路線は乗車時間が長く食事が2回以上必要な場合が多かった。
- In railway routes connecting European cities, many passengers needed a meal twice or more, because they used to stay on a train for a long time.
- 日本の食文化において、主食とされる飯や雑穀飯の副食として、主要な位置を占める。
- In Japanese food culture, it occupies an important place as a side dish of staple foods such as rice and cereal.
- これは地域性としてご当地ソングや歌詞の重みのあるフォークソングで重要視される。
- Such images are highly appreciated for a gotochi (local) song that highly regards the locality and folk song with serious lyrics.
- 竹弓の素材には竹を張り合わせる接着剤も弓の性格を決める重要なファクターである。
- The glue that keeps the bamboo together is an important factor that determines the nature of the bow.
- 戻した後、何度か水を替えて完全にアンモニア臭を抜いてから調理を行う必要がある。
- After the product is reconstituted, several changes of water are required in order to get rid of the ammonia odor completely.
- 京都南座・大阪歌舞伎座をのぞく、主要劇場の空襲による焼失は大きな痛手であった。
- The main theaters except the Minami-za in Kyoto and Osaka Kabuki-za in Osaka were destroyed by fire in air raids, resulting in great damage to the world of Kabuki.
- 茎を包みこみ、使用者の握りを確かなものにするために重要な役割を持つ部分である。
- This is a part with an important role to cover the Nakago (core) and to ensure a good grip by the swordsman.
- 武器は武人の蛮用により破損してしまう事が日常的にあり、予備の武器が必要である。
- Since weapons can be broken on a daily basis by warriors' rough handling, backup weapons are necessary.
- このことから、この5ヶ月間で教義を練り上げ、しかも伝授したと考える必要がある。
- Therefore it needs to be considered that Ninkan developed the creed, and then further initiated to people in these five months.
- 文化環境を保存するため必要な区域を文化環境保存区域として指定することができる。
- In order to preserve a cultural environment, the necessary district can be designated as a 'cultural environment preservation zone.'
- なお、重量軽減のため、革小札を主体として、要所に適宜鉄小札を混じえる例が多い。
- In order to reduce the weight, while small leather scales are used as the main body, vital parts are protected by properly mixing in small iron scales.
- 最も茶を飲むときに絶対に必要な物ではないため、日常生活では使わないことが多い。
- However it is not an essential item to have a cup of tea and not commonly used in daily life.
- 主に子供向けとして需要が高いため、安全面から金属製の刃は用いられないことも多い。
- As demand is high for use by children, many machines do not use a metal brace for safety sake.
- 肌の弱い人は入浴を控えるか、入浴後に真水で体をしっかり洗い流すなどの配慮が必要。
- Persons whose skin is sensitive are required to either refrain from bathing or should wash their body thoroughly with fresh water after bathing.
- 一方、社団法人日本能楽会は、重要無形文化財の総合認定を受けた能楽師の団体である。
- The Association for Japanese Noh Plays is an association for Nohgakushi who are the holders of Important Intangible Cultural Property.
- さらに昭和に入ると水藤錦穣が筑前琵琶の音楽要素を取り入れた「錦琵琶」を創始した。
- In the Showa period, Kinjo SUITO incorporated the music elements of the Chikuzen biwa and started the Nishiki biwa.
- 喫茶店で客へのサービスとして使用するにせよ、保存性の高さは重要な要素といえよう。
- If konpeito is used as one of the free items for customers at coffee shops, having a long shelf life is an important factor.
- 六段〜八段の高段位者のみ受審資格があり、いずれも加盟団体会長の推薦が必要である。
- Only holders of high-ranking Rokudan to Hachidan are eligible to take the examination on the condition that each candidate be recommended by the president of the association with which he or she is affiliated.
- 戦時中は軍部からの要請で陸軍中野学校や海軍大学校などで盛平が武術指導を行なった。
- During the war, Morihei taught martial arts at Rikugun Nakano Gakko (Military Army Nakano School), Naval War College, etc., upon request by the military.
- また周南市もかつてはういろうが名物であった(原要うい郎、2006年5月に廃業)。
- Shunan City also used to have a famous Uiro product Harayo Uiro although this closed down in May 2006.
- 1961年(昭和36年)4月10日付けで陶器3件が重要文化財の指定を解除された。
- On April 10, 1961, three pieces of earthenware had their designations as important cultural properties canceled.
- 同時に、その重要無形文化財の保持者または保持団体が認定される(第71条第2項)。
- At the same time, the holders or the maintenance bodies of such important intangible cultural properties are recognized (Article 71, Clause 2).
- 無形文化財のうち特に価値の高いものを岐阜県重要無形文化財に指定することができる。
- Among the intangible cultural properties, the particularly valuable ones can be designated as 'Gifu Prefectural important intangible cultural properties.'
- 古くから香に関する訓や効用を記したもので、香りは量ではなく、質が重要としている。
- The above outlined the lessons and the effects of Ko, and explains that incense is decided by quality, not quantity.
- 上述のように大根おろしの辛みを得るためには、細胞を効率良く壊すことが必要である。
- In order to obtain the pungency mentioned above, it is necessary to break the cells of daikon radish effectively.
- 歴史の影で重要な役割を果たすため、狂言回し的な役割の主人公と言われることがある。
- Since he would often take on an important role behind the scene of history, he is considered to be a protagonist who takes on a kyogen-mawashi like role.
- ただし、食物アレルギーを持つ人はアレルギー症状が出る可能性があるので注意を要する。
- People with food allergies have to be careful because it may cause allergy symptoms.
- 特に明治期以降、軽視されがちであった歌舞伎本来の様式が重要だという認識が広がった。
- Especially, recognition of the importance of the original Kabuki style spread, which tended to be underestimated during and after the Meiji period.
- 一方、日本では貨幣経済が急速に発展しており、中国銭貨への需要が非常に高まっていた。
- In the meantime, the money economy in Japan rapidly developed and the demands for Chinese coins greatly increased.
- 筋書き以上に、言葉や絵の端々に仕組まれた遊びの要素を読み解くことに楽しみがあった。
- Besides the synopsis, these books were organized cover to cover by use of language and pictures to give pleasure as readers understood subtext messages not initially obvious.
- People enjoyed solving wordplays hidden in the text and illustrations more than just reading a story.
- しかし、「美」は武道の三大要素「用・美・道」のひとつで大事なことだとの反論もある。
- However, some refute this on the grounds that 'bi' (beauty) is essential because it's included in one of the three major elements of budo, 'yo' (usefulness), 'bi' and 'do' (way).
- 概要で述べた旧藩による地域ごとの生活習慣によって各地で独特の食文化が発展してきた。
- As mentioned above, unique culinary cultures developed in accordance with the customs of people in each former regional clan.
- 元禄以降太平の世になると新たな刀の需要はなくなり、刀を作る者も殆んどいなくなった。
- In the era of peace after the Genroku period, there was no demand for new swords, and few craftsmen made swords.
- なかでも第一の二門章、第二の二行章、第三の本願章の三章には、本書の要義が説かれる。
- Among others, the first three chapters, Nimonsho (chapter of two gateways), Nigyosho (chapter of two kinds of practices), and Hongansho (chapter of the Original Vow), explain the key doctrines of the treatise.
- 途中様々な場所で迂回する必要があり、結局90キロメートル(23里)の行程となった。
- They had to go by several roundabout routes, and ended up walking 90 kilo meters.
- 大柴燈護摩供(だいさいとう ごまく)とは、野外で行う大規模な護摩法要のことである。
- Daisaitogoma ceremony refers to large-scale Goma (Holy Fire) Mass held in the field.
- 諸々の智者達の樣々に立てをかるる法要どもの侍るも、皆誘惑に對したる假初の要文なり。
- Although there are various Buddhist teachings developed by various learned priests, they are all temporary teachings against allurement.
- 当時の茶は現代の烏龍茶に似た半発酵茶で、必要量のみを煎じて飲んだと考えられている。
- The tea at that time was semi-fermented tea resembling current oolong tea and it was brewed in just the right amount and drunk.
- 能の特徴は数多いが、中でも重要なのは「死者」が能の中心となっているという点である。
- Noh has a lot of unusual features, among which an especially important feature is that the 'dead' play a central role in Noh.
- このとき要を手前にして、金封をのせ、相手の膝前に要がむくように、転回してさしだす。
- In this case, after a Kimpu is put on a Sensu with a Kaname closer to the giver, the Sensu with a Kimpu on it is turned with the Kaname closer to the receiver and offered.
- 地方となるにはそれなりの修練が必要であり、通常は立方を卒業した姉芸妓が地方に廻る。
- Considerable amount of training is required to be a Jikata and, usually, Ane geigi (older geisha) who has finished her career as Tachikata becomes Jikata.
- 京舞井上流の家元、二世井上八千代は金剛流の舞を学び、井上流のその要素を取り入れた。
- Yachiyo INOUE the second, who was the head of the Inoue school of Kyomai (Kyoto dancing), learned the performance of the Kongo school, and introduced its elements to the Inoue school performance.
- だが、足利義昭を擁して来た織田信長に要求されるとなす術もなく九十九髪茄子を献上た。
- However, Hisahide had no choice but to hand it over when Nobunaga ODA, who had been protecting Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, demand it.
- 具材が増えたことでソースの味を濃くする必要があったためにソース会社に意見が出された。
- As the ingredients increased, it was necessary to thicken up the taste of the sauce and the sauce company was lobbied.
- 最近の傾向としては比較的ポピュラーに近いもの、またアジア的要素の強い曲が増えている。
- Recently more music pieces which are comparatively similar to pop music or have strong Asian feel are being composed.
- 専門家の中でもわざわざ「きが」とルビを振り読者の注意を促す者もいるので注意を要する。
- We must be careful because even some specialists indicate reading as 'kiga' purposely to ask special care of readers.
- 中にはタッチパネルを備えたものもあり、ボタン操作は一切必要のない機種も登場している。
- There are those equipped with a touch panel, which requires no button operation at all.
- 所要期間が長いのは、工程が多く手間がかかるのと、醗酵段階も完全醗酵させるからである。
- The reasons for the long period required for this process are the many steps requiring much labor and fermentation which is carried out completely.
- また、お盆や施餓鬼法要で用いる佛教の五色の施餓鬼幡からも短冊は影響を強く受けている。
- Tanzaku is also influenced by five colored-segakibata of Buddhism which is used at the Buddhist service for segaki (Hungry Ghosts).
- このように両面があり、抑止要因になったか原因になったか、どちらかは確認されていない。
- Therefore, it is unclear whether the tendency was deterred or encouraged by Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.
- 20世紀以後の主要な生産地は栃木県南部であり、日本の干瓢生産の8割以上を占めている。
- Since the beginning of 20th century, the principal production area has been the southern part of Tochigi Prefecture and its kanpyo production volume accounts for more than 80% of total production volume in Japan.
- 防染処理を施さないため、色滲みが避けられず迅速な筆捌きを要求される高度な技法である。
- It is a highly-skilled technique requiring quick brush strokes because running of colors is inevitable as the resisting process is not performed.
- しかし粥と茶漬けは、音を立ててすするとマナーに反する場合もあるので注意が必要である。
- However, it should be noted that slurping a bowl of kayu (rice porridge) or chazuke can be a breach of manners.
- 昭和9年(1934年)11月、これを持って「弓道要則」とし統一射法として正式に制定。
- In November 1934, this was called 'Kyudo-yosoku (basic art of shooting an arrow)' and was officially established as the united shooting form.
- また、弁当に入れるときはアルミなどの金属などを溶かすことがあるので注意が必要である。
- Attention is also required when an umeboshi is placed in a box lunch, because it can melt metal such as aluminum.
- 折れたり切れたりした部分は雑菌の繁殖を防ぎ、腐らないように保護することが重要である。
- It is important that the areas where branches have been broken and cut are protected from the propagation of miscellaneous germs, so that rot can be prevented.
- なお、バードストライクの発生は、最悪の場合、航空事故の重大な要因となる危険性がある。
- A bird strike in the worst case could be a significant factor for a plane crush.
- 試合がないため過剰な稽古をする必要が無く、年齢体力に応じて自然に足腰の鍛練ができる。
- Because matches aren't held, there is no need for excessive training, and the discipline of the legs and loins can be done naturally depending on one's age and strength.
- 細い麺であり他の味が移りやすいため、出来るだけ良い水で洗い、手油を避ける必要がある。
- Because the noodles are thin, they readily take up other flavors, and it is therefore necessary to wash the hands in water as thoroughly as possible in order to avoid oil from the hands coming into contact with them.
- 争論の渦中にあった天皇や上皇、そして摂関家の人々からその重要性が繰り返し強調された。
- The importance had been attached weight repeatedly by emperors and retired emperors and members of Sekkan-ke who were involved in such conflicts.
- 現在では簡略化され、通夜・告別式・初七日の後は四十九日まで法要はしないの通例である。
- These days, Buddhist memorial services have been simplified, and after Tsuya, (all-night vigil over a body), funeral service, and Shonanoka, no services are held until Shijukunichi (the 48th day after the date of one's death) in general.
- 律を誓うには、10人以上の正式の僧尼の前で儀式(これが授戒である)を行う必要がある。
- To vow 'ritsu,' (meaning to vow to keep codes of discipline which govern the Buddhist monastic life), a rite must be performed in front of more than 10 qualified priests and nuns; this is Jukai.
- 所要時間は1席当たり1時間程度であり、複数の茶席を設けて並行してもてなすこともある。
- It requires about an hour per ceremony, and is performed in several tea rooms arranged side by side.
- 唯一利休については多くの弟子や子孫が書き残した伝書があるため概要を知ることが出来る。
- Only in the case of Rikyu, there are densho (books on the esoterica) written by his disciples and offspring about his activities, from which we are able to obtain some information.
- 後にこの雁金屋から元禄文化の重要な担い手だった尾形光琳、尾形乾山兄弟が誕生している。
- Later, the Kariganeya turned out the Korin OGATAand Kanzan OGATA brothers who played a great role in the Genroku Culture.
- ボーフラややかんで沸かしたばかりの湯は熱いため、一端冷まして温度を下げる必要がある。
- The water which has just been boiled in a bofura (ceramic kettle) or a kettle is too hot, so it is necessary to cool it once to reduce the temperature.
- 重要な手順として、キャベツを洗った場合はザルに入れるなりして水分をよく切っておくこと。
- As an important procedure, when washing cabbage, put it in a colander and drain the excess liquid.
- また継承者が「危険な古流の技術はもう必要ない世の中になった」とし指導を辞める例もある。
- And some successors stop teaching the koryu jujutsu, saying the world does not need its dangerous techniques any more.
- これらの諸条件の前提として、軽く持ち運びしやすいことが狩りや戦いにおいても重要である。
- It is an important assumption for Yumiya to be light and easy to carry both when hunting and when on the battle field.
- 「合気」と「呼吸力」は合気道技法の原理であると同時に、合気道の重要な理念とされる概念。
- Aiki' and 'breath power' are elements of aikido techniques as well as concepts that are important principles of aikido.
- 八橋検校以降、江戸時代中期の特に重要な箏曲家としては、生田検校と山田検校が挙げられる。
- After Yatsuhashi Kengyo's death, Ikuta Kengyo and Yamada Kengyo were prominent Soh musicians during the middle of the Edo period.
- 白鳥神社から海岸までは起伏のある道を66キロメートル(16里半)運搬する必要があった。
- They had to transport the timbers from Shiratori Shrine to the beach, which was hilly and 66 kilometers long.
- 1977年4月(パラオ)阿含宗・南太平洋・平和の祈り大柴燈護摩供 海外初の柴燈護摩法要
- April, 1977 (Palau) Agonshu sect South Pacific Peace Prayer Daisaitogoma ceremony: The first Saitogoma mass overseas
- 栄叡と普照の要請を受けた鑑真は、弟子に問いかけたが、誰も渡日を希望する者がいなかった。
- Accepting the invitation of Yoei and Fusho, Ganjin asked his disciples to go to Japan, but had no volunteers.
- これらは丸本物と呼ばれ、歌舞伎の重要なレパートリーとして後世に大きな影響を与えている。
- They are called maruhonmono (Kabuki drama of joruri (puppet-play) origin) and had a major influence as an important repertory of Kabuki on later generations.
- 上質な鳥の子ほど紙の性質は強く、施工に際しては下地骨や下貼りに十分な配慮が必要になる。
- The higher quality torinoko has a stronger property as paper, and when it is used for construction, enough care should be taken for preparing the basic frame and materials for pasting.
- 麺類の種物等に使われるが、美しく見栄えのする華を咲かせるには、熟練した技が必要になる。
- Tempura is served with noodles as Tanemono (topping for noodles), and it requires a practiced skill to make the coating fluffy and distinguished-looking.
- 「しつらえ」のための主要な間仕切りであった障子が、今日の「ふすま」の原型をなしている。
- Shoji, a major partition for 'shitsurae,' is the original form of today's 'fusuma.'
- ただし、それらが大阪弁と京都弁の大きな違いである優雅さの要因であるとする研究者も多い。
- However, many scholars point out such way of soft expression of Kyo language is a factor that produces gracefulness, which is a major difference between Kyoto and Osaka dialects.
- さらに、悪質なものでは必要以上に名前以外の文字・絵を描いて宣伝に利用される場合もある。
- Seen today is more aggravating behavior of those using senjafuda as advertising media by printing unnecessary characters and pictures other than visitor's name.
- 特に多忠朝は制作に当たって神社祭祀に於ける日本神話に基づく神楽の重要性を主張している。
- In particular, Tadatomo ONO, in his composition, emphasized the importance of kagura being based on Japanese mythology for shrine ceremonies.
- 馬を走らせながら正確に的を射抜く高度な技術が必要とされるため、人気の行事の一つである。
- It is one of the most popular events because a highly skilled technique is required to precisely shoot down targets while the horse runs.
- この皮むきの作業は非常に高い専門性を有し、限られた職人や加工場での作業が必要であった。
- As this skinning process required expertise, only a limited number of professionals and processing factories were able to do it.
- しかしフグは毒をもつため、三枚おろし以前にその危険部位を予め取り除く作業が必要となる。
- However, as pufferfish are poisonous, it is necessary to remove the poisonous parts before filleting.
- 日本国内で販売される場合には、原産国名および外国産清酒を使用したことの表示が必要となる。
- When such sake is sold in Japan, it is necessary to label the country of origin and use of sake produced in foreign country.
- それにともない日本海沿岸の酒田や後に下関を経由して大阪の重要な港に出荷されることになる。
- Therefore, kelp was shipped to important ports in Osaka via Sakata Port situated on the coast of Japan Sea, later via Shimonoseki Port.
- そのため、雑味もかなりあり、これらを漉し取るために濾過(ろか)の工程が必要となってくる。
- Therefore, it also contains zatsumi and the process of filtration becomes necessary to filter them out.
- しかし、ここは湯量が豊富であるにも関わらず、西欧と同様湿度が低いために入浴の必要が無い。
- However, in spite of the abundant quantity of hot spring water, bathing is not necessary there because the humidity level is as low as in Europe.
- 古代、朝廷が渤海使に「檳榔扇」を贈ったように、暑中の贈答品として主要な地位を占めてきた。
- Uchiwa fan has been regarded as one of the major summer gifts, which was proved in an ancient document by the description that the court presented the delegate from Balhae Kingdom with 'Binro Ogi' (Uchiwa fan made of Chinese fan palm).
- また、元結もまた水引の重要な素材のひとつとして、現在の相撲の髷(まげ)に使用されている。
- Motoyui, one of the important materials for Mizuhiki, is now used to tie up the hair of Sumo wrestlers.
- 干物は風通しを特に重要視するため、乾燥した空気が吹き込む冬場の物が美味しいとされている。
- Ventilation is considered particularly important when making dried fish and it is believed that the best dried fish is produced when it is exposed to dry air blowing in winter.
- ただし、カツは消化に時間を要するため、食べるタイミングによっては、逆効果となる事がある。
- Depending upon when to eat, however, this might prove counter productive as it takes some time to digest cutlets.
- しかし廃刀令以後は新たな刀の需要は殆んどなくなり、当時活躍した多くの刀鍛冶は職を失った。
- However, after the decree banning the wearing of swords, there were little demand for new swords, and most swordsmiths who were popular lost their job.
- 6歳のとき、妙本寺11世日要の門人となるが、同年に日要が死去したため、日俊が師となった。
- At the age of six, he became a disciple of Nichiyo, 11th chief priest of Myohon-ji Temple, but Nichiyo died in the same year and Nisshun became Nichiga's teacher.
- さらに染色し、紋様を木版摺りすることも加え、ふすま紙として高い評価を得て需要が急増した。
- In addition, he added the processes to dye and print patterns using woodblocks and as a result, it received a high evaluation as fusuma paper and its demand increased rapidly.
- 「柱は角柱で畳を敷きつめ、舞良戸・明障子・襖を用いる」とあり、簡潔にして要を得ている。」
- 'It uses kakubashira (a corner post or pillar that is square or rectangular) and tatami (a floor covering made of tightly woven grass and straw) as well as Mairado, Akari-shoji and Fusuma.'
- 家紋は家の独自性を示す固有の目印的な紋章として生まれ、名字を表す紋章としての要素が強い。
- A Kamon was created to serve as an unique emblem that represented a family's identity, clearly revealing the family name of its owner.
- 特に営業職に就くサラリーマンの場合、衣服にお好み焼きの匂いが付くのも敬遠される要因である。
- One of the reasons is that especially office workers in sales want to avoid their clothes from becoming smelly from okonomiyaki.
- また、逆に鉄火巻きの要領でワサビだけを巻いた寿司として「ワサビ巻き(なみだ巻き)」がある。
- Contrastingly, there is 'wasabimaki (namidamaki),' a kind of sushi roll that is made of boiled rice and wasabi only and prepared in the same fashion as a tuna sushi roll.
- 別府市の別府温泉明礬温泉の湯の花(明礬)製造技術は国の重要無形民俗文化財に指定されている。
- The production technique of yunohana at Beppu-onsen Hot Spring Myoban-onsen Hot Spring (Myoban) is designated as important intangible assets of folk culture.
- しかし、日本酒やビールはワインと違い、原料に糖を含まないため、糖化という過程が必要である。
- Different from wine, however, in the case of beer and sake, as no sugar is included in the raw materials, but the process of saccharification is necessary.
- 携行、殺傷力、投擲音のなさなど車剣の欠点を克服しているが、より高度な投擲技術が必要である。
- It overcomes the weaknesses of kurumaken such as regarding portability, the power to kill and wound, and the sound when thrown, but requires a more advanced toteki skill.
- 軽く水分を抜くだけにとどめたもので、保存が効かないため、冷蔵庫での貯蔵が必要となっている。
- Since a very small amount of water has been removed, this type of dried fish has a poor shelf-life and requires refrigeration.
- 枝の出し方には注意が必要であり、自然樹のように枝は曲の外側に残して、内側の枝は剪定をする。
- It is necessary to take care with the branch formation and leave the outward curving branches as in nature, while pruning the inward branches.
- 大正月である元日から数えて15日目の重要な日であり、この期間を春節(しゅんせつ)と称する。
- This is the fifteenth significant day counting from the New Year's Day, which is Ooshogatsu, and this period is called Chinese New Year.
- この規定によって重要文化財の指定を解除されたものの大部分は火災によって焼失したものである。
- The majority of cancellations of designations as important cultural properties based on this ordinance are in reference to those that have burned in fires.
- 紙の需要が高まるにつれ、皮肉なことに律令制度に緩みがでて、紙の原料の供給が細ってしまった。
- With the increasing demand of paper, ironically the system of centralized administration which was established under the ritsuryo legal codes loosened and the supply of paper materials became scarce.
- それまでの唐紙は横幅一尺六寸、縦幅は一尺九分が標準で、襖障子を貼るのに十二枚必要であった。
- The standard conventional karakami was about 0.48 m wide and about 0.33 m high, and 12 karakami were required to cover fusuma-shoji.
- 隠居が問題で、その家が滅んだ例もあるほどで、隠居は言わば慎重に考える必要があると思われる。
- Because there were cases where inkyo was problematic and the whole family ruined, inkyo has to be considered carefully.
- 糠床の腐敗を防ぐため、毎日底からかき混ぜて空気に触れていた部分を奥へと混ぜ込む必要がある。
- In order to prevent nuka-doko from rotting, it is necessary to stir it every day from the bottom and mix the part which touched the air into the depths.
- 専門家の中でもわざわざ「ぎんじょうか」とルビを振り読者の注意を促す者もいるので注意を要する。
- We must be careful because even some specialists indicate reading it as 'ginjoka' purposely to ask the special care of readers.
- また、和からしは独特のえぐみがあり、使用前にあく抜きが必要であることも、洋からしとは異なる。
- Japanese mustard has a distinctive bitterness and an astringent aspect that needs to be removed before use, which is another point of distinction from mustard.
- 逆に弦が弓の左に来る様な状態は出木(でき)と呼ばれ、これは故障の部類に入り調整が必要となる。
- However, when tsuru is located toward left of the bow, it is called as deki (protruded wood) and needs repairmen since it is broken.
- ある程度量産できる型染め友禅でも、必要とする色毎に何枚もの型紙を使い分けていく手間がかかる。
- Even the yuzen dyeing with patterns capable of producing a certain amount requires time and effort to use many pattern papers for each color to be used.
- 礼射系は儀礼・儀式的な要素が加味されつつ発展した射の系統を言うが、事実上小笠原流系統をさす。
- The Reisha group refers to a shooting lineage that developed with elements of courtesy and ceremony, but in reality it refers to the Ogasawara school lineage.
- また材料も厳選されたものを素材に応じてあくぬきなどをしながら、味をひきだす技術が要求される。
- Also the techniques of bringing out the flavor is required by selecting ingredient carefully, cooking properly suited for each ingredient such as skimming the scum.
- 本項では特記なき限り、文化財保護法第27条の規定に基づく国指定の重要文化財について記述する。
- This section describes, unless otherwise specified, the national designation of important cultural properties based on the regulations in Ordinance 27 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
- 1998年5月15日 (イギリス・ロンドン)真如苑開基60年真如苑ヨーロッパUK斉燈護摩法要
- May 15, 1998 (London, UK) Shinnyoen 60th Anniversary Shinjoen Europe UK Saitogoma Mass
- いずれにしても宮廷の重要儀式である即位式と大嘗会に、二条良基が深く関わっていたことがわかる。
- Anyhow, we can know that Yoshimoto NIJO was involved deeply in the enthronement ceremony and Daijoe, both important ceremonies of the Imperial Court.
- それぞれの章節には内容を端的に表した印契と真言があり、真言僧は必要に応じてこの印明を修する。
- Each chapter includes mudra (symbolic hand gesture used in Buddhism) and mantra plainly showing the contents, and Shingon Buddhist monks learn these mudra and mantra as required.
- 外回りの隔てには、明かり取りに簾や格子も多く見受けられるが、要所には舞良戸が使用されている。
- For partitioning areas around the outside of a house many bamboo blinds and lattices could be seen for controlling light, but mairado (a sliding door with frame incorporating a wooden panel and numbers of thin wooden slats fixed at short intervals) were used in a key areas.
- モデルとしての斎庭などの儀式の庭はその場の神や同調者とが、共有する景が必要であるからである。
- These model gardens are ceremonial gardens such as funeral hall and they need to be shared by Kami (Gods) and sympathizers.
- 楽屋内・ファンからは、この親子での『連獅子』を早く見たいとの要望も多く寄せられているという。
- It is said that there are many requests coming from his fans in the back stage that they would like to see the father and son in 'Renjishi' (A string of Lions) soon.
- この為、これをイクラに加工するには、ラケットのような目の粗い網の上に抑えつけて揉む必要がある。
- Therefore, to process sujiko into ikura (salmon roe) it is necessary to rub it over a fine net like a racket.
- 旨口は、辛口の要素となりやすいキレよりも、コクと奥行きのある馥郁(ふくいく)たる味わいである。
- Umakuchi is a sweet-smelling flavor having rather koku (body) and okuyuki (literally, depth) than kire which often constitutes a factor of karakuchi.
- 小さくなった鰹節を削ろうとして手を負傷する場合もままあるため、使用には十分な注意が必要である。
- One cannot be too careful when using the katsuobushi kezuriki, because one could get injured by the blade when trying to shave a lump of katsuobushi.
- 区別が必要な場合は、それぞれ(1)「琴(きん)のこと」、(2)「箏(そう)のこと」と呼ばれる。
- When the distinction between '琴' and '箏' is needed, they are called (1) 'Kin (琴) no Koto' and (2) 'So (箏) no Koto,' respectively.
- 西洋音楽の要素を導入した新日本音楽の中心的存在に立ち、箏のみならず邦楽全般の活性化につとめた。
- He was a pivotal figure of new Japanese music in which the elements of western music was introduced, and he strived to activate not only Soh, but also whole of traditional Japanese music.
- 古社寺保存法における国宝および特別保護建造物は、文化財保護法における「重要文化財」に相当する。
- The national treasures and buildings or construction works under the Law for Preserving Old Shrines and Temples were equivalent to the present-day 'important cultural properties' under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
- 『時宗要略譜』によると時宗十二派のうち、一向派、天童派が一向の法脈を受け継ぐものとされている。
- According to the summary of the Jishu teachings 'Jishu Yoryakufu,' of the twelve schools of the Jishu sect, the Ikko and Tendo schools inherited the teachings of the Ikkoshu sect.
- それらの中には近代競馬の要素を取り入れたものもあったが、伝統的な形式によるものも数多くあった。
- Although some adopted modern horse racing, in many cases, others kept the traditional form.
- 二つ目は、現在梅酒などを造る時の要領で、氷砂糖と一緒に寝かせた菊の花びらを焼酎に漬け込むもの。
- The other one is similar to the current recipe of plum liqueur, and dried chrysanthemum petals are soaked in shochu (Japanese distilled liquor) with sugar crystals to make kikuzake according to this recipe.
- これにはある程度の熟練も必要であるが、中華料理で焼き飯をひっくり返す要領と同じようにすると良い。
- This needs practice to some degree, but can be done like you turn over fried rice when cooking Chinese food.
- 製法にかかわらず、業として納豆を製造するには、食品衛生法に基づき都道府県知事の許可が必要である。
- Regardless of the manufacturing method, in order to produce natto as a business, permission from the governor of the prefecture is necessary under the Food Sanitation Act.
- 古典派音楽以降の西洋音楽ではコンサートホールのような広い空間で演奏するために大音量を要求された。
- Because Western music, particularly since the emergence of orchestral music, has been played in large spaces such as concert halls, the musical instruments were required to provide higher sound levels.
- この物質は周辺の土壌を殺菌し、根に菌を住まわせる必要がある一般的な植物が生えないようにしている。
- This substance kills bacteria in the surrounding soil and hinders the growth of other plants that require bacteria in their roots.
- マクロビオティックでは砂糖の代わりに甘味料として使われることが多く、海外での需要も高まっている。
- In macrobiotics it is frequently used as a sweetener in place of sugar, so the demand is increasing abroad.
- Under the macrobiotic diet, amazake is often used as a sweetener instead of sugar, and the demand for amazake is increasing in overseas markets.
- 印刷に活字を使っていた時代、必要な活字がない場合、活字を逆さまにして代わりに入れる習慣があった。
- In the era when types were used in printing, there was a custom of using an upside-down type as a substitute for necessary types which were unavailable.
- 本項では日本の文化全般について、幅広く過去から現在への事象を取り上げ、概要の説明やリンクを示す。
- This section picks up a wide range of events from the past to the present day about the whole of Japanese culture, gives explanations of summaries, and shows links.
- 正月元日(1月1日)も、昔から、山に帰った田の神を呼び戻すために祝われる重要な節日とされていた。
- Since ancient times, New Year's Day (January 1) has been celebrated as an important seasonal festival to bring back the god of paddy fields, who had returned to his mountain.
- 1996年までは販売には酒類販売業免許が必要で、アルコール飲料を扱う店でないと販売できなかった。
- Until 1996, a license to sell alcoholic beverages was necessary and it was not possible to sell mirin on premises other than those selling alcoholic beverages.
- これは鏃に毒薬を塗る事(日本では弓矢に毒を塗る習慣はないとされる)が要因であると考えられている。
- The reason for this is considered to be dipping arrowheads in poison (it is said that there is no custom to dip arrows in poison with regard to Yumiya in Japan).
- 鉄片が足らなければ更に積み上げ加熱して小槌で叩いて成形し所要の1.8-2.0kg程度の量にする。
- If there are not enough iron pieces, more are stacked, heated, hammered with a Kozuchi, and formed into an ingot weighing 1.8kg to 2.0kg.
- 1982年(昭和57年)4月15日付けで縄文時代の深鉢形土器1件が重要文化財の指定を解除された。
- On April 15, 1982, a deep-pot type of pottery of the Jomon period had its designation as an important cultural property canceled.
- なお、建造物とともに土地が重要文化財に指定されているケースは民家のほか、社寺や近代建築にもある。
- Regarding land and building designated as important cultural properties, besides this private house there are also cases such as temples or shrines, as well as some modern structures.
- 法的には、文部科学大臣によって指定の事実が官報に告示された日から重要文化財の指定は効力を発する。
- Legally, from the date the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology indicates the approval in an official gazette, the designation of the important cultural property becomes effective.
- 冥界思想の浸透については源信 (僧侶)が記したとされる往生要集がその端緒であると考えられている。
- It is considered that the Ojoyoshu written by Genshin (a Buddhist monk) was the clue to the spread of Meikai-shiso.
- 室町時代には特に俳諧の世界で重要視されるようになり、能楽などにも取り入れられて理論化されてゆく。
- During the Muromachi period, it became treasured as important especially in the world of haikai (seventeen-syllable verse) and was even incorporated into the Noh music, and so on, and was systematized into theory.
- 上記は大まかな分類であり、また、各地の神楽にはこれらの幾つかの要素が入り混じっている場合がある。
- The classification mentioned above is very rough, and, in addition, there are some local kagura which possibly contain a number of mixed features of the various kagura.
- 資格はそれぞれ得るために必要な許状ということで記したが、許状があれば資格が得られるわけではない。
- Although yurushijo is required as recognition of competence for the respective levels, yurushijo does not necessarily correspond to competence.
- このとき、片方の端(たれ)は必要最低限の長さをとっておき、もう一方の端(たれ)で「はね」を作る。
- At that time, keep minimum length for one tare and make 'hane' (wing) by another tare.
- キャベツに火が通り、蒸されるまで押さえつけないで、8分程度じっくり蒸し焼きにするのが重要ポイント。
- It is an important point to smother it for about eight minutes until the cabbage is cooked and steamed without bearing down on it.
- その絵画が古くなって修復が必要となった際、修復せずに放っておくと、絵の中の人物が警告を促すという。
- It is said that if a picture is left untended even when it gets old and need restoration, a character in the picture will give warning.
- それらの要因から、日本酒も上記のような「生」と銘打った商品が1980年代から増えてきたのであった。
- Because of such factors, with respect to sake also, the number of products described as 'nama' has been increasing since the 1980s.
- 麹造りに要する時間は丸2日以上、だいたい50時間で、おおかた以下のような順番で作業がおこなわれる。
- Time needed to produce koji is not shorter than two days, approximately fifty hours and the process is carried out in the following order:
- また、経済の発展により下絵師、彫師、刷師と複雑な工程の分業体制を整えることができた点も重要である。
- Also, the economic development took an important role, as the division of labor was established for the complicated processes among Shitaeshi, Horishi and Surishi.
- その後、俄や、俄から転化し2人で落語を演じる形式の軽口、浪曲の要素が混ざり合って今の形式になった。
- After that, manzai began including elements of Niwaka (an impromptu comic play), Karukuchi, which was transformed from Niwaka and had a form of rakugo played by two persons, as well as Rokyoku (recitation of a kind of sung narrative), and reached its present form.
- この改正が要因となり、さらなる安い税率のアルコール飲料の研究から第3のビールが開発される事となる。
- That revision led to the study for alcohol drinks with lower taxes, and to the development of the third beer.
- - 弓の断面積が大きいと弾性限界は高くなるが、弾性率は低くなり引き手の力もより必要になり重くなる。
- If the cross-section is larger, the elastic limit becomes higher, but the elastic module becomes lower and the puller needs more strength to pull the bowstring.
- また、演奏中に切れる心配が無いこと、絹製に比較するとかなり安価であることも普及している要因である。
- Other reasons are that players are not required to worry about an incident where ito is broken while playing, and that its price is less expensive compared with the silk product.
- 日本刀は、政治、経済、文化、風俗、習慣など、その時々の歴史的要因とあいまって変貌を繰り返してきた。
- Japanese swords have repeatedly been transformed along with historical factors of the day including politics, economics, culture, manners and customs.
- 専門用語を駆使しながら、情緒的、抽象的で「ウソ、大袈裟、紛らわしい」ものもあり、注意が必要である。
- While using technical terms, some are sentimental and abstract, and 'untrue, dramatic, and misleading,' which we have to be careful of.
- 上述のように、法令・行政用語としての「重要文化財」は国の指定を受けた文化財全般を指す用語ではない。
- As described above, 'important cultural properties' as a legal and administrative term is not a general reference to all nationally designated cultural properties.
- 明治維新直後の廃仏毀釈の後、明治政府は仏教各派に対し一宗一管長制を打ち出し、統一教団の結成を要求。
- After executing Haibutsu-kishaku (a movement to abolish Buddhism) soon after the Meiji restoration, the Meiji government announced 'Isshu Ichikanncho-sei' (the system of one chief abbot in one sect) to each Buddhist sect, and ordered them to form an integrated religious community.
- 法要に散華を行うのは、華の芳香によって悪い鬼神などを退却させ、道場を清めて仏を迎えるためとされる。
- It is said that sange at Buddhist memorial services is intended to ward off evil and purify the dojo (place of Buddhist practice or meditation) by the scent of flowers before welcoming Buddha.
- 発祥地であるインドの仏教においては、臨終の日(命日)を含めて7日ごと、7週に渡り法要を行っていた。
- In Buddhism in India where it originated, they used to give the memorial service every seven days for seven weeks, counting the date of death (anniversary of death) as the first day.
- 常楽会(じょうらくえ)とも称されており、『三宝絵』の中でも「年中主要法会」の一として記されている。
- It was also called Joraku-e, and is depicted in 'Sanpo-e' (a Japanese literary collection of Buddhist narratives) as the first of 'Nenchu Shuyo Hoe' (The main Buddhist services in whole year).
- 室町期も安定期になると、寝室としての利用よりも、納戸として重要な什器や武具が収納されたようである。
- It seems that during the Muromachi period, when political stability was achieved, it was used as a storeroom where important household goods and arms were kept rather than being used as a bedroom.
- (2) 京都は8世紀から17世紀の間、宗教・非宗教建築と庭園設計の進化にとって主要中心地であった。
- (2) Kyoto had been the center area in the development of religious and nonreligious architecture and garden planning from the 8th to the 17th centuries.
- なお、各泉質に記載の効能はあくまで目安で、効果を万人に保証するものではないことに注意する必要がある。
- Health benefits of each type of hot spring described below are mere yardsticks and attention should be paid to the fact that such descriptions don't guarantee health benefits to all people.
- しかし麹室に比べると管理の厳重さを必要としないので、酒蔵によっては見学者を入れてくれるところもある。
- Compared to kojimuro, however, as strict control is not required, certain breweries allow visitors to enter.
- 午前1時頃には天頂付近に主要な星が上り、天の川、牽牛星、織女星の三つが最も見頃になる時間帯でもある。
- As major stars rise around the top of the sky around 1 am, it is the best time to view the Milky Way, Kengyusei and Shokujosei.
- それゆえ、唐手(トゥーディー)と唐手(からて)は、言葉の意味する範囲が違うことに注意する必要がある。
- Note that the meanings of 'toudee' (唐手) and 'karate' (唐手) are different.
- 現在、試合等では弓道連盟の規定により6cm以上の高さが必要だが、かつては流派により巻き様式があった。
- Currently, the Kyudo Federation requires the wakyu to be bound more than six centimeters, but it used to be bound differently depending on the archery school.
- 最も有名なものは、九州を主要市場とする醤油や味噌を中心としたメーカーであるフンドーキンの製品である。
- The best-known product is offered by Fundokin Shoyu Co., Ltd., which produces soy sauce, soybean paste, etc., mainly for the market in Kyushu.
- この弦が弓の右端に位置する状態を入木(いりき)と呼び、矢を真っ直ぐ飛ばす為に必要な反りとなっている。
- The condition where the tsuru is located at the right side of the bow is called as iriki (wood inserted) and is a curvature required to shoot the arrow straight.
- これは活動に必要なカロリー摂取と、乾パンを食べやすくするために唾液の分泌を促進する効果のためである。
- Konpeito, included in the emergency food package, provides calories necessary for physical work as well as effective in encouraging salivation to moisten sea biscuits when eating in which it would be easier to ingest.
- また、大仏殿の落慶法要は建久6年(1195年)、後鳥羽天皇、源頼朝、北条政子らの臨席のもと行われた。
- In addition, in 1195, the Rakkei hoyo (a memorial service to celebrate the construction of a temple) of the Daibutsu-den was held in the presence of the Emperor Gotoba, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, Masako HOJO, and so on.
- 文部科学大臣は文化財のうち重要なものを指定、認定、選定、登録、選択し、保護のもとにおくことができる。
- The Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology can designate, approve, determine, register the important ones from among the cultural properties, and place them under protection.
- そのため、神社建築の様式を解明することは、その神社の祭神の性格を知る上で重要な手がかりの一つとなる。
- Understanding architectural style of a shrine gives important clues about the characteristics of saishin, or the deity of a shrine.
- 成道会(じょうどうえ)とは、釈迦の成道(悟りを開いた事)を記念して行われる法要(行事)のことである。
- Jodo-e is a hoyo (Buddhist memorial service) celebrating the Jodo (completing the path to becoming a Buddha by attaining enlightenment) of Shakyamuni.
- それでいて、構造的な壁面と違って、その部屋の役割や個性や室礼(しつらい)に重要な役割を果たしている。
- However, different from the walls which make up the structure, it plays an important part in the role, characteristics and Shitsurai of the room.
- (一部では一見さんお断りもあるので注意が必要)その背景には、バブル崩壊や官官接待の激減があげられる。
- This background has been attributed to the burst of the economic bubble and the drastic decrease of the mutual receptions among bureaucrats (however, be aware that there are still some ryotei which refuse visitors without invitation).
- これは西洋の個人紋章()の構成要素 が一族・家族で共有と、日本の家紋と同様の機能を有するからである。
- This is because the component of an individual crest in the West has the same function as that in Japan, having the same component in common to identify a family.
- もう一つは、公的機関の窓口で紹介する等の事実上の「保証」(これもブランドの構成要素の一つ)であろう。
- Another reason is the actual assurances (also an element of a brand) that come from their connections to public organizations.
- 追肥を施す場合でも、細心の注意と工夫が必要で、例えば追肥を4回に分施するのも肥料障害回避のためである。
- When applying additional fertilizer, the closest attention and care are necessary; for example, spreading additional fertilizer over four times to avoid any damage due to fertilizer.
- 乳酸菌によって生産される乳酸は、他の雑菌が繁殖しないようにするために、とくに仕込みの初期に重要である。
- Lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria plays an important role especially at the initial stage of preparation to prevent propagation of other bacteria.
- 桃太郎、舌切り雀、さるかに合戦などの昔話や絵解きなど、教育的な要素が強く、正月の贈答品にもなっていた。
- Many were given as new year gifts and content comprised of folktales with a strong instructive leaning such as Momotaro (Peach Boy), Tongue Cut Sparrow, Monkey Crab War, as well as picture stories etc.
- 各地に広まった萬歳は、後に能や歌舞伎などの要素を取り入れたりしたことによって、さらに衣装が多様化した。
- The manzai spread across Japan became more diversified in its costume by incorporating the elements of 'noh' or 'kabuki' later.
- 以下は、原産地の都道府県によって分類した、主な酒米(酒造好適米・酒造適性米を含む)の一覧と概要である。
- The following is a list of the main sakamai (including shuzo kotekimai and shuzo tekiseimai) and a brief explanation of each.
- 加熱の温度は最も重要であり、細心の注意を払って最適の加熱状態を見極め、一気に刀身を水槽に沈め急冷する。
- The temperature is most important, and the optimal heat condition is checked with the greatest care, the body of blade is then plunged swiftly to a water tank and rapidly cooled.
- 正史「続日本紀」と東大寺の記録である「東大寺要録」によれば、大仏造立の経緯はおおむね次のとおりである。
- An official history 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) and the records of the Todai-ji Temple 'Todaiji Yoroku' (The Digest Record of the Todai-ji Temple) tell us basically how the Great Buddha was constructed as follows.
- そして、「重要文化財」のうちで日本文化史上特に貴重なものがあらためて「国宝」に指定されることになった。
- Among these important cultural properties, the particularly valuable items with historical significance in Japanese culture were re-designated as national treasures.
- 様々な要因により、現在では下記のような「教団への強引で迷惑な勧誘」との意味に折伏の語は用いられている。
- Due to various factors, the word shakubuku is presently used to mean 'forceful and annoying inducement to a religious community' as follows:
- しかし尺八や虚鐸の師匠としてその質を伝える流れが現在にも伝わっており、尺八楽の歴史上重要な存在である。
- However, the stream that hands down the characteristics of the sect through shakuhachi and kyotaku instructors still remains at present and it is an important factor in the history of shakuhachi music.
- 対立宗派・寺院への攻撃や朝廷への強訴などの武力行使を行う集団として社会の不安要素の1つになっていった。
- This use of military force to attack opposing sects and temples and to influence the Imperial Court became another source of social unrest.
- 記念物のうち重要なものを山梨県指定史跡、山梨県指定名勝又は山梨県指定天然記念物に指定することができる。
- Among the monuments, the important ones can be designated as 'Yamanashi Prefecture-designated historic sites,' 'Yamanashi Prefecture-designated spots of scenic beauty' or 'Yamanashi Prefecture-designated natural monuments.'
- また、ふぐ調理師により食用として処理された部位のみを再調理する場合に関しては、特に資格は必要としない。
- Meanwhile, when cooking only pufferfish parts which have already been processed by a licensed cook, a license is not required.
- 清酒10ミリリットルを中和するのに要する、10分の1規定水酸化ナトリウム溶液の滴定ミリリットル数のこと。
- Acid level is defined as the number of milliliters of 1/10 normal solution of sodium hydrate for titration that is required for disacidifying ten milliliters of sake.
- また、産業上重要種であるミツイシコンブ、リシリコンブ、オニコンブに関しても、その養殖法は確立されている。
- Moreover, the cultivate method for L. angustata, L. ochotensis and Laminaria diabolica has been established, which are recognized as important species from the industrial viewpoint.
- しかしヨウ素を多量に含む昆布を過剰に摂取すると甲状腺の機能障害を起こす場合があるので注意する必要がある。
- However, we should be cautious not to take kelp too much, because excessive iodine may cause the functional disorder of thyroid.
- そして、社会・経済が危機的状況に陥った明末になると、社会の現実的な要求に応えようとする東林学派が興った。
- At the end of the Ming Dynasty when society and economy were in crisis, Torin-gakuha (Torin school), which attempted to respond to realistic demands of society, was born.
- 「よい麹ができれば酒は七割できたも同然」という杜氏や蔵人もいるくらいで、酒造りの根本として重要視される。
- In sake brewing, great importance is attached to koji as the basis for sake brewing as certain toji and other workers in a brewery who say 'If we can obtain good koji, sake is seventy percent made.'
- 特に吟醸系の酒の香味成分は、水には溶けないものが多く、それを溶かしだすためにアルコール添加が必要となる。
- In particular, many ingredients used for fragrance in sake in the ginjo system are insoluble in water and addition of alcohol is necessary for dissolving them.
- 平安時代から鎌倉時代にかけて日本国内の商業・物資流通が活発化すると共に貨幣の必要性が重用になっていった。
- As commerce and physical distribution was activated from the Heian to the Kamakura period in Japan, the need for money became important.
- 田舎の武術的要素をもった琉球舞踊から、沖縄固有の武術「手(ティー)」が生まれ、空手へと発展したとする説。
- This theory asserts that a country-style Ryukyu dance having an element of a martial art developed into 'tee,' a martial art peculiar to Okinawa, which in turn developed into karate.
- 近年は大豆の青臭さを抑えられる製法が開発され、健康志向・自然志向も手伝って無調整豆乳の需要が増えている。
- A process for controlling the raw soybean odor has recently been developed, so the demand for plain soymilk is increasing due in part to the desire for healthful, natural products.
- これに対し、岩倉具視を始めとする政府要人や華族たちは資金を出し合って猿楽を継承する組織「能楽社」を設立。
- In response to this situation, Tomomi IWAKURA and other government officials and peers provided funding to establish 'Nohgakusha' as an organization for keeping Sarugaku.
- また射手の好みや癖、材料の個体差から来る要因から弓の成りは一定ではなく、一張り毎に少しずつ張り顔は違う。
- The nari of the bow is not uniform depending on the favoritism and habit of the archer, difference in each materials, and the shape of the stringed bow is different whenever the string is strung.
- 1970年前後には作付け面積が6haにまで減少したが、1990年代以降ふたたび需要が急速に高まっている。
- Until around 1970, the area planted was decreased to six hectares, but the demand has grown rapidly since the 1990s.
- 七七日(なななのか)(四十九日、満中陰、尽七日)…「大練忌(だいれんき)」、もっとも重要な法要とされる。
- Nanananoka (the 49th day from the date of one's death) (Shijukunichi, Man chuin, Jinshichinichi)---'Dairenki (the 49th day from the date of one's death)' is thought to be the most important memorial service.
- 弟子の修栄が撰した『南天竺婆羅門僧正碑』及び『東大寺要録』中の「大安寺菩提伝来記」に伝記が残されている。
- His biography was recorded in 'NanTenjiku Baramon Sojo Hi' (Stone Monument for Baramon Sojo [high Buddhist priest Barahman] from India) compiled by his disciple Shuei, and in 'Daianji Bodai Denraiki' (Introduction of bodhi at Daian-ji Temple) of 'Todaiji Yoroku' (the Digest Record of Todai-ji Temple).
- ところが、『祖堂集』のような燈史が編纂されるようになると、排他的に禅僧たちを繋ぎ合わせる必要が出てくる。
- With toshi such as 'Sodoshu' being compiled, however, it became necessary to unite Zen monks together as an exclusive group.
- 霧吹きをすると和紙の強い繊維が収縮して、組子骨を締め付けてガタがこないようにする重要な役目を担っている。
- It plays an important role to tighten ribs and avoid rickety by making strong fibers of Japanese paper shrink after spraying water on it.
- また一部豆腐製造業者の間では、凝固剤の総称として「にがり」の呼称を使っている場合もあり、注意が必要である。
- Because some tofu makers use the word 'bittern' as a generic term for coagulant, one must use the word with care.
- 豚カツなど他のカツレツ、フライ料理と同種の料理法だが、既に中身に火が通っているため二度揚げする必要はない。
- The method of cooking korokke is very similar to pork cutlets and other cutlets and deep fried dishes, but the korokke body is precooked and it is not necessary to deep fry it twice.
- 湯煎にした皿の絵具を使うのは、筆に水をふくませ、必要分だけを皿で溶き、この場合、膠を少量加えることもある。
- To use the colors on the bowl used in double boiling, put water on the brush and dissolve the minimum amount necessary in the bowl; and sometimes a little glue is added in this case.
- 田中忠三郎氏が調査・収集した刺し子のうち津軽・南部の刺し子着786点が国の重要有形民俗文化財に指定された。
- Among sashiko examined and collected by Chuzaburo TANAKA, 786 pieces of sashiko clothes in the Tsugaru and Nanbu regions are specified as significant tangible folk cultural assets.
- 漫画、アニメ、ゲームなどにおいて、イラスト(グラフィック)は時にシナリオなどよりも重要視される要素である。
- People sometimes think illustrations (or graphics) are the more important element, rather than the stories in cartoons, animated cartoons, and video games.
- 義太夫節の特徴は「歌う」要素を極端に排して、「語り」における叙事性と重厚さを極限まで追求したところにある。
- The characteristics of Gidayu-bushi were that it dramatically limited the element of 'singing' and instead pursued the element of description and profundity in 'narration' to its utmost limit.
- 日本刀自体には登録が義務付けられており、登録がなされていない刀は、警察に届け出た後審査を受ける必要がある。
- A Japanese sword itself is required to be registered, and a sword without a registration needs to be notified to the Police and investigated.
- 膨大な量の障壁画の注文に応えるため、狩野家の当主は、一門の絵師たちを率いて集団で制作にあたる必要があった。
- In order to fulfill large numbers of orders for screen paintings, the head of the Kano family needed to lead the painters so they could work in a group.
- 国立文化財機構は重要文化財を英語でImportant Cultural Propertiesと称している。
- National Institutes for Cultural Heritage refers to these important cultural heritages as 'Important Cultural Properties' in English.
- やがてその灌頂の儀式が仏教儀式に取り入れられ、特に密教の中では伝法灌頂など重要な儀式とされるようになった。
- Later, the ritual of kanjo was adopted as a ritual of Buddhism and, especially in Esoteric Buddhism, it became an important ritual such as denpokanjo (consecration for the Transmission of the Dharma).
- 揚げ油は天ぷらの香りを決定付ける重要な要素であり、専門店等ではごま油、綿実油等を独自に配合して使っている。
- Since deep frying oil is a crucial factor to determine the flavor of tempura, specialty shops use the mixture of sesame oil and cotton oil according to their own formula.
- 男女ともに髪を伸ばす習慣のあった中国では、男性が地位・職種を表す冠を髪に留める為の重要な実用品でもあった。
- In China where both men and women commonly wore their hair long, kanzashi were important practical items for men to attach a court cap, which represented their status or type of job, to their hair.
- 「音頭」は本来雅楽用語であり、のち近世邦楽全般において広く使われ、この曲も民謡とは関係ないので注意が必要。
- Ondo' was originally the term used for court music, and was often used in general modern Japanese songs, and it should be noted that it is not related to any folk songs.
- 文部科学大臣は、記念物のうち重要なものを史跡、名勝、天然記念物に指定することができる(第109条第1項)。
- Among such monuments, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology can designate the ones judged to be important as 'historical spots, places of natural scenery and natural monuments' (Article 109, Clause 1).
- この扇面に絵を描く必要から、湾曲した形状(いわゆる扇形)の紙に描く、扇絵と呼ばれる日本画の形式が発展した。
- From the need for painting on a curved area, fan painting progressed in drawing pictures on a curved shape (ogigata- or senkei-shaped place) was developed and is known as a Japanese painting style.
- 1950年 -中泉㈱(現:㈱リョーショクリカー)との特約契約により「百萬弗」の主要販売先を群馬県に定める。
- 1950: Under the special agreement with Nakaizumi Co., Ltd. (currently, Ryoshoku Liquor Limited,) it was decided to market 'Hyakuman-doru' mainly in Gunma Prefecture.
- 調理に際しては、味噌を加えた後に強く煮立たせると、味噌の香りが揮発して風味が減じることに気を配る必要がある。
- When cooking care must be taken not to boil it completely after adding the miso, since the aroma will be volatilized and the flavour will decrease.
- 米の搗(つ)き方、その日の天気、気温、湿度、水温などさまざまな条件によって、浸漬に必要な時間は精緻に異なる。
- The time required for soaking differs subtly depending on various conditions such as the method of rice polishing, as well as weather, air temperature, humidity and water temperature of the day.
- 同じ種類の魚が、違う名前で呼ばれる要因にはいくつかあるが、大きさや外見の違い、生息域や生態の変化などがある。
- Fishes of the same kind may be called by different names depending on their size, appearance, area of habitation, change of behavioral mode, etc.
- これは車剣や西洋のナイフ投げなどに多くみられる投擲方法で、車剣の投擲では剣に回転を与える動作が必要とされる。
- This method of toteki is common for kurumaken and knife throwing in the West, and in the toteki of kurumaken a movement as of spinning a sword is necessary.
- 「武術」としての道場などで教える手裏剣と、忍者が本来の使用意図で携帯した手裏剣は別物として考える必要がある。
- Shuriken, the use of which was taught at dojo (halls used for martial arts training) as a 'martial art,' and the shuriken which ninja carried following its original use, should be treated as separate things.
- 1881年、ロベルト・コッホが寒天培地による真正細菌培養法を開発技術開発したため、寒天の国際的需要が増えた。
- In 1881, Robert Koch developed the technology of culturing eubacterium using agar medium, and since then the demand for kanten has increased throughout the world.
- 補綴物は主に金属製で融点の都合上、患者の口内で製作できないため、歯並びを精密に再現した石膏模型が必要になる。
- Since this prosthetic, which is mostly made of metal, can't be fabricated inside the patient's mouth due to its melting point, it becomes necessary to prepare a plaster figure that precisely duplicates the patient's tooth alignment.
- 胡粉などの顔料、膠、硯、墨、絹、和紙、刷毛、付立筆や彩色筆等の筆、陶磁器の筆洗(ひっせん)などが必要である。
- Pigments such as shell lime as well as glue, ink slabs, ink sticks, silk, Japanese paper, paint brushes, tsuketate-fude (paint brushes), coloring brushes and ceramic brush washers and other items are needed.
- - 江戸時代に始まり、大正時代まで主要都市・宿場町や温泉街に現物として残っていたが、現在は見る事ができない。
- Invented during the Edo period and had been seen in major cities, post-station towns and hot spring resorts until the Taisho period, but not be seen at present.
- 平和な時代が始まったため刀剣の国内需要は低下したが、明への重要な貿易品としての生産も行われるようにもなった。
- Domestic demand for swords decreased since the era of peace started, but production for important exports to Ming also started.
- この十如是は、後に天台宗の教学の究極とまでいわれる「一念三千」を形成する発端とされており、重要な教理である。
- The junyoze is an important doctrine, believed to give origin to form 'ichinen sanzen (the three thousand realms contained in one mind)' which is later called the fundamental Tendai doctrine.
- 1581年(天正9年)3月、聖滅300年、武田勝頼の臣、重須本門寺を襲い二箇相承等を奪う(要9-17・20)
- A vassal of Katsuyori TAKEDA attacked Omosu Honmon-ji Temple and robbed Nika Sojo (documents which were believed to be addressed from Nichiren to his disciple, Nikko, in 1282) in April, 1581 (Seimetsu 300).
- 逆に同じ名称ながら、流派によって実際には違う道具のことを指す場合も少なくないため、呼称には注意が必要である。
- Vice versa in many cases, utensils that have the same name are completely different depending on the school, so careful attention should be paid to names.
- プロジェクトが停滞する要所でたびたび登場し、資金援助や暗号キーの解読などによりその後の物語を急展開へと導く。
- He appears from time to time in key points when the project is set back and leads the story to rapid development through his funding and decipherment of an encryption key.
- 但しどの程度水で溶くかは重要で、固いともっさりとした食感になり、柔らかいと焼く時に生地が外に流れ出してしまう。
- However, the amount of water with which the dough is mixed is important and if the dough is hard the texture becomes heavy and if soft the dough flows out when grilling.
- 一方、後者は江戸時代の町民に向けて製作されるうちに、現代に見られるような、日本舞踊的要素を備えた演劇となった。
- Meanwhile, Kabuki Geki was produced for the common people during the Edo period, and it sometimes became the drama, just as it is today, possessing the factor of Japanese dancing.
- 吟醸酒のように丁寧な作業を要する酒は、昔ながらの槽搾り(ふねしぼり)、ヤブタ搾り、袋吊りなどの方法で搾られる。
- Sake, where special care is required, such as ginjoshu, is squeezed using traditional methods such as funeshibori, yabutashibori and fukurozuri.
- しかしながら世界的なすしブームや国内需要の増勢の結果、近年の対日輸出実績は割り当て枠を下回る状態となっている。
- However, because of the sushi boom worldwide and the increased domestic demand in South Korea, today the actual export to Japan is below the quota.
- ここで戦いを有利に進める為に、考えられた戦術の一つが遠戦であり、弓矢は戦場において重要な役割を持つようになる。
- One of the tactics created in order to take advantage during a war was attacking from a faraway place, and Yumiya played an important role on the battlefield.
- 文部科学大臣は、有形文化財のうち特に重要と判断されるものを重要文化財に指定することができる(第27条第1項)。
- Among the tangible cultural properties, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology can designate the ones judged to be especially important as 'important cultural properties' (Article 27, Clause 1).
- なお、従来「絵画」「書跡・典籍」等として重要文化財に指定されていた物件で「歴史資料の部」に移されたものもある。
- Additionally, there were some designated important cultural properties that were originally classified as paintings or calligraphies and books but were moved to the historical resources classification.
- この法律の公布により、従来の「宝物」に代わって「文化財」「重要文化財」の語が初めて公式に使われるようになった。
- With the announcement of this law, in lieu of the former term 'treasure,' terms such as 'cultural property' and 'important cultural property' came into official use for the first time.
- なかでも、「しつらい」の間仕切り具として最も重要な「障子」は、平安時代にさまざまな形式の障子が考案されている。
- Among them, as to the 'shoji', which were the most important partitions for 'shitsurai,' various forms of shoji were invented during the Heian period.
- 2006年現在、以下の24件が民俗芸能の田楽の分類で、重要無形民俗文化財に指定されている(指定日 都道府県)。
- As of 2006, the following 24 performances are designated important intangible assets in the classification of Dengaku Folk Performances (Date of designation, Prefecture).
- また、同名字でも複数の家紋を使用していることは常識化されていたため、公式に示すための正式な家紋を必要とされた。
- In addition, it was common to use various Kamon among clans that had the same Myoji so official Kamon were needed to show their formal Kamon.
- 通常、芸妓が出入りできる料理屋は決まっておりどこでも呼べるわけではないので注意が必要である(料亭の項を参照)。
- It should be noted that geigi can only go to some specific restaurants and not just any restaurant (See 'Traditional Japanese Restaurants').
- 狂言回し(きょうげんまわし)とは、物語のほぼ全般にわたって、物語の進行に重要な役割を果たすキーパーソンのこと。
- Kyogen-mawashi (狂言回し) is a key person who plays an important role in the plot of a drama or movie throughout the story.
- この前線はソメイヨシノを基準にしているため、桜によっては若干、開花の時期が前後する事があるので注意が必要である。
- This cherry blossom front is based on Someiyoshino (Prunus yedoensis), so the blooming date may slightly vary depending on the types of cherry trees.
- 水ワサビの生育には、豊富で綺麗な水温9 - 16℃ の水と、砂地などの透水性が良い土壌が必要で、強い日光を嫌う。
- In cultivating mizuwasabi, abundant fresh water whose temperature is 9 to 16 degrees Celsius, as well as permeable soil (such as sandy soil), is indispensable; moreover, strong sunlight must be avoided.
- 土が乾燥気味の時は、2週間前に施した肥料でも障害が出る場合があり、従って乾燥しているときは、灌水する必要がある。
- When the soil becomes dry, even fertilizer added two weeks prior can cause damage, making irrigation necessary in dry periods.
- そのため硝酸還元菌や乳酸菌を加え、乳酸を生成させることによって雑菌や野生酵母を死滅させ駆逐することが必要となる。
- Therefore, it becomes necessary to kill or get rid of undesirable bacteria or natural yeast by adding nitrate reducing bacteria or lactobacillus in order to produce lactic acid.
- その需要に伴い鈴木春信らが多色刷りによる東錦絵(吾妻錦絵)を編み出したことで、浮世絵文化は本格的開花期を迎えた。
- To meet the demand, Harunobu SUZUKI and others worked out Azuma-nishikie printed in multiple colors, and the Ukiyoe culture came into full bloom.
- 砂糖が日本に伝来する前には主要な甘味料として利用されていたが、今でも和菓子では甘味料のひとつとして使われている。
- Before sugar came to Japan, mizuame was used as a major sweetener, but it is still used as a sweetener in making Japanese confectionery.
- 重要文化財のうち製作が特に優れたもの、歴史上特に意義の深いものなど学術的に価値の特に高いものが国宝に指定される。
- Among the important cultural properties, those made with extraordinarily superb craftsmanship, or precious items with particularly high academic value such as historical significance, are designated as national treasures.
- 文化審議会文化財分科会による審議・議決を経て、文化審議会は文部科学大臣に対し重要文化財に指定するよう答申を行う。
- Within the Council for Cultural Affairs, the subcommittee on cultural assets will hold a discussion meeting to vote for the appropriate designation, after which the Agency for Cultural Affairs will submit to the Minister (of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) an approval application for being an important cultural property.
- 特に尾のついた海老を調理する際は、下処理として尾の先端を切り、中に含まれる水分を抜くといった下処理が必要となる。
- Particularly, when a shrimp with a tail is deep fried, splitting the tip of the tail should be done beforehand to take out the water/liquid contained in it.
- 民俗文化財のうち特に価値の高いものを岐阜県重要有形民俗文化財又は岐阜県重要無形民俗文化財に指定することができる。
- Among the folk cultural properties, the particularly valuable ones can be designated as 'Gifu Prefectural important tangible folk cultural properties' or 'Gifu Prefectural important intangible folk cultural properties.'
- 知恵は正義や潔さを無意味化し権力の維持にとって重要な安定した秩序を笑い飛ばす危険なパワーをはらみもつのだという。
- It implies that a clever mind strips off meaning from justice and fairness, and that it has a dangerous power to laugh away the stable order which is important in maintaining authority.
- 特定第3種漁港(全国的重要漁港)を擁する気仙沼市・石巻市・塩竈市のほか、宮城県内の太平洋沿岸の港町でも生産は多い。
- Thus the level of production is also high in Kesennuma City, Ishinomaki City, Shiogama City, which has Tokutei Daisanshu Gyoko (a specific third-kind fishing port or nationally important fishing port), or the seaports on the Pacific side in Miyagi Prefecture.
- さらに天然氷のように冬の間に暴露で凍らせておき需要があるまで氷室(ひむろ)でストックできる生産者も減ってきている。
- Furthermore, the number of ice manufacturers who can produce ice from naturally freezing water in winter the same way as natural ice forms and then stocking the blocks of ice in an icehouse until demand occurs, have declined.
- 当時の巫女舞は旧来の神がかり的要素に加えて依頼者の現世利益を追求するための祈願を併せて目的としていたとされている。
- During that period, mikomai came to be regarded as having an element of prayer in pursuit of clients' interests in the secular world, in addition to its conventional feature of spiritual possession.
- しかし、外国要人などの接待にはもっぱらフランス料理が使われており、極限られた儀式でしか食べられない物のようである。
- However, French cuisine is always adopted in order to entertain foreign VIPs, so yusoku cuisine is only eaten for special ceremonies.
- あまり酵素が出すぎると目指す酒質にならないため、米の溶け具合がちょうどよいところで止まるように麹を造る必要がある。
- As the target quality of sake cannot be obtained if too much enzyme is produced, it is necessary to produce koji in such a way that the degree of melting rice stops at the appropriate point.
- 行事として最も重要な茅の輪潜りはもちろん行われるが、それに併せて神社の参道に多くの屋台が並び、まさにお祭りである。
- Chinowa kuguri, which is the most important ceremony, is certainly performed, and Shrine's approaches are lined with many street stalls to coincide with the ceremony, which basically makes it a festival.
- 渋紙で作られた筒などに真鍮の金具をつけ、金具の細い先で常に一定の太さの線を引くのはかなりの熟練が必要とされる作業。
- Drawing a line with a constant thickness with a brass tip attached to a paper cylinder treated with astringent persimmon juice requires great skill.
- ただこの調査結果は、審査を受審・試合に参加するのでなければ連盟への登録は必須ではない点を考慮する必要があるだろう。
- However, this study needs to take into account that unless receiving a review or participating in matches, registration with the federation isn't mandatory.
- しかし、刀自体重量が軽いので切断する際手前にスライドさせて力の向きを切断物に対し直角からそらして加える必要がある。
- However, it is necessary to slide and pull when cutting so that the direction of force is added at a right angle against the object to cut, because the sword itself is light.
- 龍樹の『菩提資糧論(ぼだいしりょうろん)』との関係も深いので、大乗仏教を理解するうえで、きわめて重要な論書である。
- Since the book is closely related to the 'Bodhisambhara-sastra' by Ryuju, it is a very important treatise for understanding Mahayana Buddhism.
- 文部科学大臣は、無形文化財のうち特に重要と判断されるものを重要無形文化財に指定することができる(第71条第1項)。
- Among the intangible cultural properties, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology can designate the ones judged to be especially important as 'important intangible cultural properties' (Article 71, Clause 1).
- これらを包括的に「近代化遺産」と称し、1993年(平成5年)から「建造物の部」の重要文化財の指定対象となっている。
- These are collectively called 'modernization heritage'; since 1993 they have become candidates for designation as important cultural properties in the 'buildings' section.
- 妻が神社建築においてどのような意味を持つのかははっきりしないが、信仰上の重要な要素であったことは間違いないらしい。
- Whereas the meaning of gabled roof in shrine architecture is not clear; there seems to be little doubt that it was of great religious significance.
- 重要文化財指定候補物件については文化庁で事前調査を行い、文部科学大臣は文化審議会に指定すべき物件について諮問する。
- Concerning the designation for a candidate of important cultural property, the Agency for Cultural Affairs will conduct a preliminary investigation and the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology will consult with the Council for Cultural Affairs regarding the heritage that is to be designated.
- 江戸から紙は、江戸という大消費地を控えて需要が多く、から紙原紙は近くの武蔵国の秩父・比企郡で産する細川氏を用いた。
- Facing the large consumer area of Edo, there was a huge demand for Edo karakami, and Hosokawa paper produced in the Hiki-gun and Chichibu, Musashi Province near Edo was used as a material paper for karakami.
- 3世清水道竿門下の斎藤頼母(1670年~1716年)は5000石の旗本で、現在各地の清水派に連なる要の人物である。
- Tanomo SAITO (1670 - 1716), who was a hatamoto with 5000 koku and a student of Dokan SHIMIZU the third, is a key person for the Shimizu-ha branch in various regions around the country.
- 隠居しても、当代の法主が出張で不在の場合や体調不良等で代理で法要の導師を務めたり、本尊を書写したりする場合もある。
- The hossu in inkyo may play the role of the incumbent archbishop and work as the head priest at the time of a Buddhist sermon or make a copy of the principal image of the temple when the incumbent is absent because of a trip or illness.
- 和風旅館では床の間がテレビやセーフティボックス(要は金庫)を置くスペースになり下がっていることもよく見受けられる。
- In Japanese-style inns, it is often seen that tokonoma falls to the level of a space to set a TV or a safety box (i.e., cashbox).
- 文化財のうち、地域住民が守ってきたもの及び地域を知る上で必要な文化財を横浜市地域文化財として登録することができる。
- Among the cultural properties, those that are kept by local residents or are necessarily known by the locals can be registered as Yokohama City local cultural properties.
- 血液凝固因子を作るのに不可欠なビタミンKや大豆由来のタンパク質も豊富であり、現在でも重要なタンパク質源となっている。
- As natto is rich in vitamin K which is vital for producing blood coagulation factors and the protein derived from soybeans, the food is still considered as an important source of protein.
- 生産過剰に加えて1970年代よりアメリカからオレンジ輸入枠拡大の要請が強まり、政府はミカン栽培縮小へ方針を転換した。
- In addition to excessive production, strongly required import quotas increased for orange by the U.S. from 1970s, the government changed its policy to decrease production.
- 洗っている間にも米は必要な水分を吸収しはじめており、「第二の精米作業」と言われるほどに、細心の注意を払う工程である。
- Even while washing rice, rice begins to absorb moisture and this step requires utmost attention as seen from the fact that it is called the 'second rice washing stage.'
- このため、第二次世界大戦前は寒天が日本の重要な貿易品であったが、第二次世界大戦中は戦略的意味合いから輸出を禁止した。
- This made kanten one of the major export items before World War II, but, during the war period the exportation of kanten from Japan was banned for strategic reasons.
- 天平勝宝4年の開眼供養会には、聖武太上天皇(すでに譲位していた)、光明皇太后、孝謙天皇をはじめとする要人が列席した。
- In the Kaigen Kuyo-e ceremony in 752, many important people attended such as Daijo Tenno (the retired emperor) Shomu (already abdicated from the throne), Empress Dowager Komyo, and Empress Koken.
- 大正12年(1923年)の関東大震災で、復興需要の急増と、木版摺りの版木が焼失したのに伴い、新楽水紙が主流となった。
- In accordance with a rapid increase of demand for reconstruction and the loss of the plates for woodblock printing by fire due to the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, shin-rakusui-shi became the mainstream.
- 牛乳などと同様に生もので劣化しやすいので、鮮度には注意が必要であり、冷蔵保存する必要がある(参照:「生酒」の問題点)。
- As raw sake is perishable the same as cow milk and vulnerable to degradation, appropriate care must be used for freshness and it must be refrigerated. (Refer to 'Problems of 'Raw sake.')
- さらに、富木謙治が合気道に起倒流の要素を加え、乱取りを導入した独自の合気道(日本合気道協会とも呼ばれる)を編み出した。
- In addition, Kenji TOMIKI added a factor of Kito-ryu jujutsu to aikido, and devised the unique aikido in which randori was introduced; he was the founder of the Japan Aikido Association.
- ただし、上記のような仮設の野外能ではある程度マイクロホンを用いる必要があり、面をつけている関係上拡声はなかなか難しい。
- In the temporary open-air Noh theaters described above, it is required to use a microphone to a certain extent, and it is quite difficult to amplify the voice, because a mask is worn.
- また上記概要にも記述があるが、個々の信仰は別として的屋は職業神として神農を祀り博徒は職業神として天照大神を祀っている。
- As mentioned above, they had different beliefs, with tekiya worshipping Shinno, and gamblers worshipping Amaterasu Okami as the god of business, whether each believes which religion or not.
- アゲハチョウの幼虫はかなり大きく、小さな株なら一匹で葉を食べつくし、丸裸にされてしまうこともあるので注意が必要である。
- Because the voracious swallowtail worm is very large, it could eat up all leaves alone and strip it naked down to a stump, so attention is required.
- また日本では機械弓が大陸から技術が伝わっていたが、和弓の利便性から必要性がなく、火縄銃の伝来によりその活躍もなかった。
- In addition, in Japan, although the techniques of the mechanized bow were transmitted from the Chinese continent, it was not necessarily used because the efficiency of the Japanese bow did not flourish after the introduction of the matchlock gun.
- 江戸幕府の体制が安定して以後の狩野派は、幕府の御用絵師として、内裏、城郭などの障壁画の大量注文をこなす必要に迫られた。
- Once the structure of the Edo shogunate had become stable, the members of the Kanoha group were driven to get extensive orders done for screen paintings of the Imperial Palace and castles as the shogunate's official painters.
- 鹿児島から畿内までの航路には波の荒い日向灘や玄界灘が控えており、筏のままでは強度が不足するため船に乗せる必要があった。
- It was necessary to load the timbers on a ship because the raft was not strong enough to survive the choppy Hyuga-nada and Genkai-nada Seas, which they had to sail across on their way from Kagoshima to Kinai region.
- これの種本が(真字)『正法眼蔵』であり、10種類ぐらいの禅語録から道元からみて重要な300則の禅問答を抜き出している。
- The book constituting its base was the 'Mana Shobogenzo', and Dogen chose three hundred Zen question-answer dialogues, which he considered to be important, from around ten goroku.
- また梅若は、現代の能においてはこれらの型が必要以上に重視され、一種の信仰の対象のようになっていることの弊害も指摘した。
- Moreover, UMEWAKA pointed out that, in modern Noh, these forms are unnecessarily valued too much to the harmful extent that it has become like the object of a kind of belief.
- 演奏にはつねに適度な湿気が必要で、革に息をかけたり、裏革に張ってある調子紙(和紙の小片)を唾でぬらしたりして調節する。
- Since some moisture is always necessary for the performance, the artist breathes on the leather and the tuning paper (Choshigami, a small piece of Japanese paper mounted on the back of the leather) is adjusted by wetting with saliva.
- 一方で、指定文化財の管理又は修理につき多額の経費を要する場合は、所有者又は管理団体には補助金が交付される(第35条)。
- On the other hand, when an enormous expenditure is required for the management or repair of a designated cultural property, a subsidy is granted to the owner or the management body (Article 35).
- 主人公ではないことが多いが、物語の根幹に関わるシーンで重要な役目を果たすことから、主役以上に強く印象に残ることがある。
- Though a kyogen-mawashi is frequently not the protagonist, they sometimes leave a stronger impression since they perform an important role in scenes that are at the base of the story.
- 江戸時代中期以降、大阪の峰崎勾当、三ツ橋勾当らにより器楽部分である手事を重要視した地歌の楽曲形式「手事物」が完成される。
- The mid Edo period and onward saw the completion, by Koto MINEZAKI and Koto MITSUHASHI, of a jiuta musical style called 'tegotomono' in which importance was placed on the instrumental part between songs.
- 平安時代の『類聚雑要抄』には藤原忠実が永久3年(1115年)に転居祝いに宴会を開いた時の串を刺したかまぼこが載っている。
- There is the description of the kamaboko placed on a bamboo skewer, which was served when FUJIWARA no Tadazane held a feast to celebrate his move to a new house in 1115 in 'Ruijuzatsuyosho' (the tome that dealt with traditional ceremonies, costumes and so on), written in the Heian period.
- 並行複発酵と呼ばれるこの日本酒独特の醸造方法が、他の醸造酒に比べて高いアルコール度数を得ることができる要因になっている。
- This unique brewing method for sake, called parallel multi-stage fermentation, is the factor that makes it possible for it to have a higher alcohol content than other brewages.
- こういった秘密主義は、薩摩の在番役人を警戒する必要があったためであり、また「掛け試し」などの挑戦を避けるためでもあった。
- Secrecy was promoted because karate practitioners had to be alert to Satsuma officers stationed in the Ryukyu Kingdom and because they wanted to avoid 'kake-dameshi' (tests of strength) in challenges by street fighters.
- これらのことは、的屋と香具師の繋がりが示されるとともに、的屋が日本古来の薬の神を信仰しなかった、要因の一つと考えられる。
- This is one of the main reasons why tekiya, as well as being considered to be connected to yashi, do not follow traditional Japanese deities of medicine.
- 昭和28年(1958年)の中学学習指導要領で、相撲、剣道、柔道剣道、柔道などの武道が格技という名称で正課授業が行われた。
- Under the Education Ministry guidelines for junior high schools in 1958, budo such as sumo, kendo, judo-kendo, judo and so on, which were called 'kakugi' (combat sports), were taught as formal lessons.
- 法隆寺では、例年は聖徳太子の(旧暦にあわせた)祥月命日にあたる3月22日~24日に「お会式」が行われ大法要は行われない。
- Horyu-ji Temple holds 'Oeshiki' (ceremony for the anniversary of Founder's death) from March 22 to 24, the anniversary of the month of Prince Shotoku's death (in the old calendar) each year, and no Daihoyo.
- その審判の時に、遺族による追善供養による功徳で、亡者の審判に資することを期すのが、忌日と年忌の法要の持つ意味あいである。
- The meaning of the hoyo of kinichi and nenki is to hope that the pious act of tsuizen (ceremony as a memorial) kuyo held by the bereaved may provide help for the dead at the judgment.
- それで、国家権力として、出家や得度に定数を決定するなどの施策によって、その制限・規制を行なう必要が出てきた(年分度者)。
- It then became necessary for the national authority to implement limitation and regulation by measures including quotas on people who were to become priests or to enter the priesthood (nenbundo-sha [approved people who enter the Buddhist priesthood]).
- 複雑な交染めを必要とする「二藍」や「紅梅」さらには、朽葉色、萌黄色、海松色、浅葱色など、中間色の繊細な表現を可能とした。
- It enables the expression of such delicate neutral colors as 'futa-ai' (bluish purple obtained by dyeing with both deep red and indigo blue) and 'kobai' (color of reddish pink plum blossoms) which required complicated mixed dyeing, as well as kuchiba-iro (reddish yellow, literally, color of a dead and fallen leaf), moegi-iro (yellowish green, literally, color of a sprouting long green onion), miru-iro(blackish yellowish green, literally, color of miru, a kind of green algae) and asagi-iro(pale blue, literally, color of a thin blade of a long green onion).
- むろん当時の「から紙障子」は公家や高家の貴族の邸宅に限られており、需要そのものが少なく、専門職を必要とはしていなかった。
- Of course, the 'karakami shoji' at that time was used only in the residences of court nobles and noblemen of prestigious families, and the demand itself was too small to require specialists.
- 仮名草紙の普及で、のちに西鶴文学が生まれ、挿し絵と文字を組み合わせた印刷本が、庶民の要望に応えて量産されるようになった。
- The prevalence of kana-zoshi led to the literary works of Saikaku IHARA and the printed books with illustration and letters became mass-produced to meet demand.
- 学生音楽コンテストであるため、ソロであれば当人が学生、グループであれば構成するメンバーの半数以上が学生である必要がある。
- Due to the nature of the contest, if a participant does a solo, he or she has to be a student, and for groups of musicians, at least half the members have to be students.
- 重要文化的景観選定の第1号は滋賀県近江八幡市の「近江八幡の水郷」で、2006年(平成18年)1月26日に官報告示された。
- The first selected case of an 'important cultural landscape ' was the 'scenery of the Omi-hachiman lakeside region' in Omi-Hachiman City of Shiga Prefecture, as announced in the official gazette on January 26, 2006.
- 記念物のうち重要なものを、東京都指定史跡、東京都指定旧跡、東京都指定名勝又は東京都指定天然記念物に指定することができる。
- Among the monuments, important ones can be designated as 'Tokyo Metropolitan Area-designated historic sites,' 'Tokyo Metropolitan Area-designated ancient sites,' 'Tokyo Metropolitan Area-designated spots of scenic beauty' or 'Tokyo Metropolitan Area-designated natural monuments.'
- 文化環境保存区域内に存する有形文化財のうち重要なものを神戸市歴史的建造物その他の有形の文化的所産に選定することができる。
- Among the tangible cultural properties existing in the environmental preservation zones, the important ones can be registered as 'historical buildings of Kobe City' or other tangible cultural products.
- 京都放送をキーステーションとした毎年2月11日のテレビ中継や、主要新聞、週刊文春、週刊新潮などにも記事が紹介されている。
- In addition to live telecast on February 11 every year with Kyoto Broadcasting System Company Limited as the key station, articles on the event are introduced in main newspapers, Shukan Bunshun, and Shukan Shincho as well.
- コンビニエンスストアならびにキヨスク(キオスク)の弁当との競合、駅構内での飲食店の充実(いわゆる「駅ナカ」)も要因である。
- Ekiben must also compete with lunch box sold at a convenience store or kiosk and with satisfactory foods served by the restaurants established within station precincts (what is called 'Eki-naka' (shops inside the station building) in Japan).
- 戦後、高度経済成長に需要が増大し、生産高・組合員数が過去最高となるも、オイルショックやバブル景気バブル崩壊で減少に転じる。
- After the war, during the rapid economic growth period, the demand for the weave increased, and its production output and the number of the association members were at its highest numbers ever, but the oil crisis, bubble economy and burst of the bubble caused its decline.
- この頃になると、父子相伝による家芸の曲目以外に、必要によって他家から一代相伝を受けて演奏するということがされるようになる。
- In those days, in addition to the songs handed sown from father to son proprietarily as its family art, some songs were handed down only for one generation from another family were started to be performed.
- 生物の構成において蛋白質が重要である以上、精米歩合の高い麹米・掛米から造られた醪は、酵母が生きていくにはよい環境ではない。
- Since protein plays an important role in the composition of an organism, moromi produced from kojimai and kakemai with a high rice-polishing ratio is not a good environment for yeast to live.
- 寿三郎とならぶ寿海は関西歌舞伎俳優協会会長の要職にあり、人格もよく芸格も向上して名実とも当代一流の歌舞伎役者となっていた。
- Jukai, who was comparable to Jusaburo, held the important post of chairman of the Kansai Kabuki Actors' Association, and with his great personality had become the greatest kabuki actor both in name and reality because of his improvement of the level of performance.
- そのため厚生労働省や各保健所などからは飲食店や一般に対して「鶏肉は充分な加熱処理を施す調理が必要」との警告が出されている。
- As such, authorities such as the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and healthcare centers give warning to restaurants and the public that 'chicken meat needs to undergo sufficient heat treatment in cooking.'
- この溶き具合はたこ焼きの要で、濃すぎると団子のような焼き上がりになり、薄すぎると焼いているうちに水分が逃げて縮んでしまう。
- The viscosity of the dough is a key point in making takoyaki; if it is too thick, takoyaki will taste like dango (sweet rice dumpling); on the other hand, if it is too thin, moisture will evaporate from the dough while it is heated and takoyaki will shrink.
- 弓矢が日本の歴史の中で公家や武家にとって重要であったことから、矢筒も様々に変化し、儀礼用や戦いのためのものなど細分化した。
- Since Yumiya had been important for kuge and samurai families in Japanese history, Yazutsu also had changed and segmentalized for ceremonies and for battles.
- 和弓を除き、使いこなすには相当な腕力が必要であり、ほとんどが単弓で弓丈が長いことから重いため、弓歩兵が使用したといわれる。
- It needs an amount of strength to use it except for the Japanese bow, and since almost all of them are simple bows and are heavy it is said to have been used by foot soldiers.
- 特に重要なのは、箏の調弦をそれまでの律音階から、当時民間で一般的になりつつあった都節音階にもとづくものに変えたことである。
- Among others, what was most important was that he changed the tuning of Soh from ritsu scale (anhemitonic pentatonic scale) to miyakobushi scale (characteristic Japanese hemitonic pentatonic scale) which then increasingly became common among ordinary people.
- 最初は余興的なものとして扱われていたが、やがて社寺の祭礼の中に、猿楽が重要な要素として組み込まれるような現象も起き始めた。
- Though such performances were at first seen merely as entertainment, Sarugaku was gradually incorporated into the rituals of shrines and temples.
- いずれにしても、第二次世界大戦以前には「国宝」であったものが戦後「重要文化財」に「格下げ」されたと解釈するのは誤りである。
- It is in any case a misconception that some national treasures designated prior to World War II were demoted to the postwar status of important cultural properties.
- が、とくに10年に1度行われる大法要(大会式)は「聖霊会」とよばれ、やはり三方楽所南都方の伝統を受け継ぐ舞楽が奉納される。
- However, especially Daihoyo (Daieshiki) held once every ten years is called 'Shoryoe,' and Bugaku, which observes the tradition of Nanto division of Sanpo gakuso, is also dedicated.
- 襖障子は、明かり障子のように採光性という重要な目的性という機能を持たず、たんに室内の間仕切りとしての役割しか持っていない。
- The fusuma-shoji does not function to disperse light which is an important purpose for akari-shoji, but is only for the purpose of partitioning a room.
- しかし「納豆」「納豆汁」が冬の季語である事や、「納豆時に医者要らず」という諺があったように、元々納豆の時期は冬とされている。
- However, as 'natto' and 'natto jiru' (miso soup with natto) are the season words for winter for haiku (Japanese seventeen-syllable poem) and also as there is a proverb saying that 'in the natto season, there is no need for a doctor,' winter had been the season for natto.
- 副本は第8代蓮如の時代に2本が模写され、1本は正本と共に西本願寺蔵、1本は東本願寺に蔵され、国の重要文化財に指定されている。
- Two duplicates were produced in the age of Rennyo, who was the eighth head priest, and one was owned by the Nishi Hongan-ji Temple together with the original and the other was owned by the Higashi Hongan-ji Temple and designated as important national cultural property.
- 現実の性風俗を茶化した要素(風刺)があり、必ずしも扇情的ではないなど、単純にポルノとして把握することはできないと指摘される。
- Having the element of mocking (lampooning) the real sex culture, they weren't necessarily sensational, and it has been indicated that they shouldn't be regarded merely as pornography.
- 製法は様々であるが、本鍛錬刀と認められないものは原則教委の登録が刀に下りず、所持することは禁じられ、所持許可証が必要となる。
- They have different production methods, and the sword not approved as an authentic forged sword basically cannot be registered by the Board of Education, and carrying is banned and a carry permit is necessary.
- 医師、看護師やハローワーク職員等がその職務上の権限を濫用し入院患者、失業者等逆らえない立場の相手に信仰を強要する事例が多い。
- There are many cases where doctors, nurses, Hello Work (Public employment security office) personnel, etc. make improper use of their official competence to enforce religious belief against persons such as hospitalized patients, jobless workers, etc. in the situation where there is no way to say no.
- 油で揚げている最中にはタネの温度が急上昇するため、衣に閉じ込められた空気や水分(水蒸気)が破裂することがあるので注意が必要。
- The temperature of tane can sharply rise during cooking and care should be taken about bursting caused by the air or steam enclosed between the tane and the batter.
- 千社札は、施設の都合により剥がされることもあることを考慮に入れ、そのような場合でも建物を傷つけない接着物を用いる必要がある。
- Considerating that senjafuda are sometimes peeled off to maintain the facilities of shrines and temples, it is necessary to use an adhesive that is harmless to the buildings.
- そのため自己を証明したり、手柄の確認、また敵味方の区別が必要になり、幔幕や旗、馬標や刀の鞘などありとあらゆる場所に描かれた。
- To identify themselves, confirm their achievements and distinguish friend from foe, samurai decorated all manner of things with Kamon, including Manmaku, flags, Umajirushi and sword scabbards.
- 源流となった御殿舞と、能を基本にした静的な舞に、歌舞伎や人形浄瑠璃の要素を加味しており、しっとりとした内面的な舞い方をする。
- Kamigatamai originated in gotenmai (a kind of traditional Japanese dance) and static dance based on noh-type dancing, with added elements of Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) and ningyo joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater); the dance is performed in a tranquil manner with an emphasis on inner expression.
- 俗に、中日に先祖に感謝し、残る6日は、悟りの境地に達するのに必要な6つの徳目、六波羅蜜を1日に1つずつ修めるためとされている。
- It is said that on the middle day people give thanks to their ancestors and on the other six days people practice one each of the six types of virtue a day, called Rokuharamitsu, which are necessary for reaching enlightenment.
- 団体旅行や法事など、弁当に大量かつ一定の豪華さが要求されるような状況に向け、これらの製造に当たる仕出し料理店や料亭なども多い。
- There are also many catering restaurants and fancy Japanese-style restaurants that can respond to events such as group tours or memorial services (Buddhist service) where large quantities of and certain levels of luxurious diet bentos are required.
- かつての日本的儒教=朱子学は武士や一部の農民・町民など限られた範囲の道徳であったが、近代天皇制のもとでは国民全体に強要された。
- The former Japanese Ju-kyo, or Neo-Confucianism was ethics for a limited target, such as samurai, certain farmers, and townsmen, but under the modern emperor system, it was imposed on all citizens.
- 速水流の起源については、一燈宗室が岡山藩池田家から出仕の要請を受けた際に、分派を許した上で代理に宗達を遣わしたという説がある。
- In a way, the Hayami-ryu school is believed to have originated in the event that Sotatsu was allowed to establish a branch school in order to be delegated to Okayama on behalf of Soshitsu when Soshitsu received a request for outside services of the tea ceremony at Ikeda family's residence in the domain of Okayama.
- 寛文5年(1665年)の徳川家康50回忌法要に際して三方楽人57名が江戸に向かい、三方楽所領2000石が給されることになった。
- For the 50th Buddhist memorial service of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA in 1665, 57 sanbogakunin went to Edo and it was determined that a territory of 2,000 koku was provided for sanpogakuso.
- 石膏模型は、弾力性があり細部が再現できるなどの要件を満たす材料(印象材)で歯並びを再現した物に歯科用の石膏を流し込んでつくる。
- The plaster figure is fashioned by pouring dental plaster into a duplicate made of such materials (impression materials) and thereby provide elasticity sufficient to recreate the details of the patient's tooth alignment.
- 昭和19年(1944年)3月、新武徳会弓道部会長宇野要三郎範士が委員長となり「弓道教範制定委員会」を設け、「弓道教範」を作成。
- In March 1944, Hanshi, Yozaburo UNO, the chairman of the Kyudo-bu in the new Butoku Kai, established and became the chairman of the 'Kyudo-Kyohan Seitei Iinkai (committee to establish Kyudo-Kyohan)' and created the 'Kyudo-Kyohan (teaching method of Kyudo).'
- 何度もひっくり返ししすぎないのが内部をとろみのある状態に仕上げるコツであるが、それには前述のように最適な溶き具合も要求される。
- If you want to make takoyaki with a creamy center, you had better avoid turning it over too often, in addition to taking much care of the viscosity of the dough.
- 尚、新潟県小千谷市に本店を置く「とんかつ太郎 (小千谷市)」というチェーン店もあるが、上述の店とは異なるので注意が必要である。
- Note that the restaurant chain 'Tonkatsu Taro' whose headquarters is located in Ojiya City, Niigata Prefecture is not the same as the one mentioned above.
- 但し、武道というものは勝負に勝つことや高いレベルに達することが必ずしも至上命題ではないということを覚えておく必要があるだろう。
- In this regard, we need to remember that to win the game or reach a higher level isn't an absolute must.
- 日本三舞台の一つである石舞台で披露される聖霊会の舞楽は、三方楽所天王寺方の伝統を受け継ぐものであり、重要無形民俗文化財である。
- The Bugaku (traditional Japanese court music accompanied by dancing) of Shoryoe performed at Ishibutai (stone stage) as one of the three famous stages observes the tradition of Tennoji division of Sanpo gakuso (organization of transmission of Bugaku, ancient court music), which is Important Intangible Property of Folk Culture.
- 配流される前の、醍醐三宝院に在った頃から研究をしていたと考えても、見蓮に奥義を伝授するのに要した期間が短いことには変わりない。
- Even supposing that Ninkan had been studying when he was in Daigo Sanboin Temple before going into exile, still there was a too short period for him to initiate Kenren into the secret arts.
- 框に細い組子骨を用いる現在のような明かり障子は、鎌倉時代の絵巻物に多く登場するようになるが、多少の時間と技術改良を必要とした。
- The Akari-shoji which uses a thin Kumiko-bone (formation of crosspiece vertically and horizontally such as lattice) for Kamachi like present Akari-shoji often appeared in the Emakimono (picture scroll) in the Kamakura period, but needed some time and technical improvement.
- 細川紙技術保存会によって今日まで技術が伝承され、昭和53年(1978年)に、細川紙の製紙技術は重要無形文化財に指定されている。
- Its technique has been transmitted by the association for the preservation of techniques for making Hosokawa-gami until now and the technique of making Hosokawa-gami was designated as an important intangible cultural property in 1978.
- しかし江戸時代後期には器楽部分を重要視する地歌の形式である「手事もの」が非常に発展したので、それに合わせて器楽的展開が見られた。
- However, the late Edo period saw great developments in 'Tegotomono,' a style of jiuta in which instrumental parts of music were regarded important, and this led to innovations of the instruments.
- 温泉の三要素は温泉の特徴を理解するために有益であるが、詳しくは物理的・化学的な性質等に基づいて種々の分類及び規定がなされている。
- As the three elements of hot springs are useful for understanding the characteristics of each hot spring, various categorization and regulations are stipulated based upon physical & chemical characteristics.
- 商家の配布用としての需要も急増し、裏面に名入れ、表面には商品や様々なメッセージが織り込まれ、広告媒体としての意義を備えていった。
- With the dramatic increase of demand from merchants for Uchiwa fan to distribute, Uchiwa fan was gradually used as an advertising medium by adding the name relating to the clients on the back side as well as the image of their products and various messages on the front side.
- 金平糖は「甘い」と連想され、それ以降は砂糖・雪・ウサギ・カエル・葉っぱ……と味・色・行動・形状などの要素をもとにした連想が続く。
- The lyrics to this song are based on a kind of word association starting with konpeito, which is thought of as having the 'sweet taste' of sugar, which in turn leads us to think of melting snow (as sugar melts in the mouth), a white rabbit (as snow is white), a hopping frog (as rabbits hop), a green leaf (as frogs are green), and so on, continuing this word association based on various elements such as tastes, colors, actions and shapes.
- 当時盛平は大日本武徳会から総合武術部門設立についての協力要請を受けたが、これに対し皇武館道場の「総務」であった平井稔を推薦した。
- Morihei, at that time, was asked by Dai Nippon Butoku-kai to cooperate in the establishment of a comprehensive martial arts department, and in response he referred Minoru HIRAI, who was a 'general director' at the Kobukan dojo.
- その点、俳優興行共にまとまりを欠き、大阪の経済の地盤沈下による後援者の減少などマイナスの要件が重なった関西歌舞伎は不運であった。
- Kansai Kabuki proved unlucky by comparison because of overlapping negative elements, including a lack of solidarity among actors and promoters and a drop in the number of sponsors because of the decline of Osaka's economy.
- 「折れず、曲がらず、良く斬れる」の3要素を非常に高い次元で同時に実現させるため日本刀の製法には非常に高度な技術が集約されている。
- The manufacturing method of Japanese swords, a highly advanced technique at the time, strove to achieve three highly sought after qualities, 'Not to break, not to bend, and a razor sharp cutting edge.'
- 1975年(昭和50年)の文化財保護法改正により、建造物とともにその所在する土地を重要文化財に指定することができるようになった。
- With the 1975 revision of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, a building and its land could be designated as an important cultural property.
- ガイドと称する中には客引きに等しい悪質な人が居る恐れもあり、「質」を確保するために、一定の「認定」「認証」の仕組みが必要である。
- There are fears that some disreputable solicitor will attempt to use the label of 'guide,' so in order for legitimate guides to maintain their reputation, a certain level of certification is required.
- 近年大きめの店が増えテーブル席が増えたこと、またヘラで食べるのはコツが必要で、よそからの観光客が増えたため箸を出す店が多くなった。
- Recently large-scale shops have increased and the tables and seats have also increased and the customers need to acquire the knack for using the spatulas when eating and the tourists from the other regions have also increased, and thus many shops have served chopsticks.
- 肥料等は必要なく生育の手間も殆ど要らないが、大量のきれいな水のある場所に生育が限定されるため、栽培の難しい農作物としても知られる。
- Though neither fertilizer nor labor is required in cultivation, it is known as a kind of farm product whose cultivation is difficult because it can only be cultivated in a place where abundant fresh water is available.
- 中世以降、中国では布袋になぞらえた太鼓腹の姿が弥勒仏の姿形として描かれるようになり、寺院の主要な仏堂に安置されるのが通例となった。
- Since the middle period, Miroku bodhisattva has been depicted with a paunchy appearance similar to that of Hotei in pictures and those pictures have been commonly placed in major Buddhist buildings of temples in China.
- 新潟県外在住者からはカツの見た目からソースカツ丼と誤解されることがある(誤解に基づいた文献もあるため、解読には注意が必要である)。
- People outside Niigata Prefecture sometimes mistake this for a sauce katsudon because of its appearance. (As some books are based on this misunderstanding, careful attention is required when reading them.)
- 法隆寺では、毎年1月26日(金堂火災の起きた日)、金堂と収蔵庫にて「金堂壁画焼損自粛法要」が営まれ、その後防火訓練が行われている。
- At the Horyu-ji Temple on each January 26 (the memorial day of the fire in the Kondo), 'Kondo hekiga shoson jishuku hoyo' (Buddhist memorial service in self-discipline for the burnout of wall paintings within the main temple structure) is held at the Kondo and the repository, and a fire drill is carried out afterwards.
- 日蓮正宗においては、本山格である讃岐本門寺、妙蓮寺、定善寺(大石寺では代替法要)のみに使われ、それ以外の寺院では「入院式」という。
- The Nichiren Shoshu sect uses this term only for Sanuki Honmon-ji Temple, Myoren-ji Temple and Jozen-ji Temple with head temple status (Alternation Mass in Taiseki-ji Temple), and other temples call the ceremony 'Nyuin shiki (temple-entering ceremony).'
- 真言密教の自性清浄を端的に表した句偈であり、人間の行動や考え、営み自体は本来は不浄なものではないと述べていることがその肝要である。
- However, these phrases plainly express the pure human nature of Shingon Esoteric Buddhism, and the essence of the scriptures is to explain that human actions, ideas and activities are themselves naturally pure.
- 色紙や短冊は、この半切紙に比べてより高級な加工が必要であったが、宮中御用の老舗が多かった仏光寺通りが色紙短冊の加工の中心であった。
- The colored paper and strip of paper needed a higher process than hankiri-gami, and the colored strip paper was processed along Bukkoji-dori Street where there were many long-established stores as purveyors to the Imperial Court.
- 江戸では、しばしば大火に見舞われ版木を消失することが多く、応急にからかみのを作る必要に迫られて、型紙の捺染を用いたものが発展した。
- In Edo, printing blocks were often destroyed by big fires, so printing with model papers developed from the necessity to urgently making karakami.
- このため茶道は、本来のわび茶とは別の「女子の教養」としての要素も獲得し、今では美しい着物姿での華やかな茶会が当たり前になっている。
- As a result, sado gained the aspect of 'cultural need of girls' separate from the original wabicha, and it has now become the norm to have a fancy tea party wearing a beautiful kimono.
- 鉄釘を入れる場合、先端が尖ったまま入れてしまうとかき混ぜるときに負傷する恐れがあるので、手を傷つけない程度に丸めておく必要がある。
- If you put in an iron nail with a sharp point, there is danger that you'll get injured when you stir it, so it is necessary to blunt it for safety.
- しかし7世小堀政方は田沼意次のもとで大番頭や伏見奉行の要職を務めたが、伏見騒動によって天明8年(1788年)改易されることになる。
- However, Masamichi KOBORI, the seventh head of the clan, was engaged as an obanto (head of the Imperial Guards) and Fushimi Bugyo (municipal administrator of Fushimi) under Okitsugu TANUMA, and was dismissed during the Fushimi Riot that occurred in 1788.
- 伊吹山大根を大亀谷に移して栽培されたと言われ、肉質が緻密で漬け物栽培用として作られていたが、現在は需要が激減し種子保存用のみと言う。
- Momoyama daikon is said to have been cultivated by transferring Ibukiyama (a mountain lying between Shiga Prefecture and Gifu Prefecture as a boundary) daikon to Okamedani (name of an area in Kyoto City), and because of its dense flesh it was cultivated for pickle usage, but it is currently cultivated for the sole purpose of seed preservation due to a sharp decrease in demand.
- 生活困窮者は世界中でいつの時代にも存在し、初期投資が少なくリスクが低く日銭の入る露天商は、社会において必要欠くべからざるものである。
- The poor of society have existed across the world and in any period in history, and the rotensho requires little initial investment and is low in risk and essential to society.
- 戦国時代には祭礼の要素が強くなり、羽根突きよりも羽子板に祓いや縁起としての装飾が施され、縁起物の装飾品としての色合いを帯びていった。
- In the Sengoku period (period of warring states), since the factor of rites and festivals became stronger, decorations as exorcism or luck were provided to Hagoita rather than Hanetsuki, and Hagoita came to be tinged with an accessory as a lucky charm.
- 酒造りにおける醸造工程では、麹菌と酵母がデンプンと水をアルコールと二酸化炭素に変えていくので、米に含まれるデンプン質が重要視される。
- In the brewing process for sake, koji mold and yeast change starch and water into alcohol and carbon dioxide, and therefore the starch contained in the rice grain is considered important.
- みりんにはビールやウイスキーなど一般に飲用に供されるアルコール飲料と同じく、酒税法により酒税がかけられ、また、酒類免許が必要である。
- As for other alcoholic beverages such as beer and whisky, liquor tax is levied on mirin under the Liquor Tax Act and a liquor license is necessary in order to manufacture and sell it.
- また常に地域間で戦いがあった訳ではなく、切迫した命の危険がない事と日々の糧が十分得られれば、弓矢を改良する必要がなかったからである。
- In addition, this is also because the battles between different regions did not always happen so, there was no risk to life, and they did not need to improve Yumiya if they could obtain enough food for living.
- そのため、同説が8世紀後葉に建設された平安京選地の思想的背景であるとの前提に立った主張については裏付けがないことに注意が必要である。
- Therefore, we need to pay attention to the fact that there is no proof of the argument based on the assumption that this theory is the ideological background for choosing the land for Heian-kyo, which was built in the late eighth century.
- 平安時代の日本の衣服については、『源氏物語絵巻』、『年中行事絵巻』、『伴大納言絵詞』などの絵巻物に描かれた人物像が重要な資料である。
- The figures in the emakimono (picture scroll) such as 'Genji monogatari emaki' (The Tale of Genji Picture Scrolls), 'Nenju gyoji emaki' (Picture Scroll of the Annual Rites and Ceremonies), and 'Ban dainagon emaki' (Ban Major Counselor Picture Scrolls) are important materials to learn about the Japanese costume during the Heian period.
- これは民衆の習俗として登場した舞踊が舞台芸術化するにつれて、衣装などの外形は保存しつつも舞台栄えする華やかさを要求された結果である。
- This is because folk dancing, which originated from people's folkways and has become theatrical art, needs glamorous air as theatrical art while maintaining traditional appearance such as costume etc.
- 帯板を必要とせず(但し現代の着付けでは帯板を使うことがほとんどである)扱いも楽なため、現在は丸帯に代って礼装用の帯の代名詞となった。
- It has become synonymous with obi for formal dress since obi ita (cardboard belt to stiffen the obi sash) is not necessary in tying (however, obi ita is normally used in contemporary kimono-wearing) and it is easy to handle.
- これは「豆腐製造が微妙な技術を要すること、長期保存ができないなど、豆腐の特性が関係していると思われる」(全豆連ホームページより引用)。
- This is 'considered to be related to the characteristics of tofu, such as requiring delicate technique for making tofu, impossibility of long storage, etc.,' (as excerpted from the website of Zentoren, the Japanese national tofu association).
- 洋務派官僚の曾国藩は朱子学を重んじて六経のもとに宋学・漢学を兼取することを主張し、さらに明末清初の王夫之を顕彰して実学の必要を説いた。
- So Kokuhan (Zeng Guofan), a government official from the Western Affairs school, valued Neo-Confucianism and advocated adopting both Sung-period neo-Confucianism and Sinology under Rikkei, as well as preaching the need of practical learning, honoring O Fushi of late Ming and early Qing.
- 柄行きの選定には先述のように平安文学や能に関する素養が要求されたため、「武家女性の品格の高さを表す物」として特に好まれた物と思われる。
- As previously prescribed, the education about Heian literature or Noh was required to select a pattern of Kimono; Gosyodoki was especially favored as `A thing to represent dignity of a lady from Samurai society.'
- - 機械弓など特殊な弓以外では、矢の瞬間最高速度は、秒速約90m位有るが、弓の性能、矢の形状、引き具合などの要因で、速くも遅くもなる。
- The highest instant rate for an arrow is about 90 meters per second except with particular bows such as the machine bow, which depends more on the ability of bow, the form of arrow and how strong a bow string is pulled.
- さらに、重要文化財のうち世界文化の見地から価値の高いもので、たぐいない国民の宝たるものを国宝に指定することができる(第27条第2項)。
- Moreover, among the important cultural properties he can designate as national treasures those that are of high cultural value from the world's perspective (Article 27, Clause 2).
- 浄土三曼荼羅(じょうどさんまんだら)とは、日本において伝統的な浄土曼荼羅(正しくは浄土変相図)のうち主要な三種の構図を指す言葉である。
- Jodo Sanmandala is a term representing the 3 leading types of compositions among the traditional Jodo Mandala (Pure Land Mandala) (or Jodo Henso-zu [Pictures of Amitabha's Paradise] to be precise) in Japan.
- 鎌倉時代に、日本に禅宗を伝えた栄西や道元によって薬として持ち込まれた抹茶が、禅宗の広まりと共に精神修養的な要素を強めて広がっていった。
- Maccha, brought by Eisai, who spread the Zen sect of Buddhism, and Dogen, who brought it as a medicine, spread along with Zen during the Kamakura period and increased the concept of spiritual training.
- 伝統的建造物群保存地区の中から特に価値が高いものを文部科学大臣が重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定することができる(第144条第1項)。
- Among the preservation districts of classic architecture, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology can designate the ones judged to be especially important as preservation districts of 'important cluster of classical buildings protection area.' (Article 144 Clause 1).
- 室内を明るくする採光を目的とした明かり障子は、透光性のよい薄い紙が良いが、破れにくい粘り強さが必要であり、また価格も安い物が好まれる。
- There are several requirements, as follows, for paper used for akari shoji, intended for naturally lighting indoor space; highly translucent, thin paper is suitable; tear-resistance and toughness are required; cheaper paper is preferable.
- 小笠原流・武田流は「もっぱら法式を第一とする」(「弓術要覧」『古事類苑 武技部』』)とされ、弓馬に関する故実(弓馬故実)の流派である。
- Ogasawara school and Takeda school is said 'to place priority on etiquette' ('Kyujutsu-yoran (directory of archery)', 'Bugibu of Kojiruien encyclopedia') and schools of ancient practices on Kyuba (Kyuba-kojitsu).
- 「カラオケは、メロディなしの音楽、つまり伴奏を再生すること」であり、そのためには再生する装置と再生される音楽(音楽ソース)が必要だった。
- Karaoke is a reproduction of music without the main melody, or reproduction of an accompaniment, and it required a device for the reproduction and music (music source) to be reproduced.
- また、従来の「聖浄」への偏りに対して、「不浄」の観念とその「清め・祓い・贖い」の儀式の重要性を主張する波平のフォークモデル、などがある。
- There is also the folk model of Namihira, who asserts the importance of the concept of 'impurity' and the rituals for its 'purification, cleansing and atonement,' in contrast to a bias toward the traditional concept of 'sacred and pure.'
- 作家個人の技量は勿論であるが、確かな全体構成を基に、細部に拘わらず一気に「描き上げる」ための、強靱かつ自由な精神性がより強く要求される。
- As well as the individual skill of the artist, a strong and free spiritual nature for 'painting off' in a breath without regard to details based on an absolute total composition is required more.
- 後に、薩摩武士らは海軍の要職を占めるが、この気質をもとにドイツ等で当時の最新の砲術兵器を学び一発でしとめる名手が海軍大将などを歴任した。
- Later, Satsuma warriors held important posts in the Navy, and based on this nature, experts to defeat at the first attempt who learned the latest gunnery weapons of the day in Germany or other countries succesively held the posts including Full Admiral.
- 対面の儀式は、階層社会である武家にとっては、最も重要な儀式で、武家の格式や威厳を誇示するもので、主家に対する忠誠を誓う儀式の場でもある。
- The ceremony of seeing the Emperor was the most important ceremony for a samurai family to demonstrate its status or power, and was a ceremonial place to swear loyalty to the master's house.
- さらに、その中でも特に重要なものを特別史跡、特別名勝、特別天然記念物に指定し、重点的な保護のもとにおくことができる(第109条第2項)。
- The Minister can designate those of the monuments listed above that are judged to be especially important as 'special historical spots, special places of natural scenery and special natural monuments' and place them under special care (Article 109, Clause 2).
- 一方、山田流箏曲は一中節など浄瑠璃の音楽要素を取り入れて作曲されているため、「段もの」及び「四段砧」を除きほとんど全ての曲が歌付きである。
- Since the Yamada school sokyoku, meanwhile, took in elements of joruri such as icchubushi, the music from this school all includes songs with the exceptions of 'Danmono' and 'Yodanginuda koto music.'
- また三味線は楽器のみが伝わり楽曲は伴わなかったため、彼らにより新曲が次々に作り出されたが、その際にも平曲の音楽的要素が色々反映されている。
- As shamisen came down with only an instrument without scores, many new songs were composed one after another by the Heike biwa players and various musical elements of the Heikyoku were reflected.
- 東北地方では製造途中の凍ったものを凍り豆腐として冷凍販売し、乾物の状態のものを凍み豆腐として区別して販売されているため、注意が必要である。
- In the Tohoku region, the frozen type is sold as kori-dofu, which is at the midpoint of production, and the dried type is distinctly sold as shimi-dofu, so it needs attention.
- しかし現代においては、火葬場から戻った後に行う初七日法要の際に、僧侶や世話役などの労をねぎらう宴席において精進落としが行われることも多い。
- Today, however, Shojin Otoshi is held at a banquet in a memorial service on the sixth day after a person's death, after returning from the crematory to reward the priest and facilitators for their services.
- 1333年(元弘3年)閏2月に兄長年が壱岐国を脱出した後醍醐天皇を伯耆国船上山に要して挙兵すると、大山寺の衆徒などを率いてこれに加わった。
- When his older brother Nagatoshi escaped from Iki Province and raised an army while sheltering Emperor Daigo in Mt. Senjo in Hoki Province in February and March 1333, Genjo joined the army by leading monk soldiers in Daisenji Temple and others.
- 高野山真言宗の寺院住職に補任されて、20年を経るなど、高野山真言宗の定める要件を満たすと、名誉住職(めいよじゅうしょく)の称号が許される。
- when he fulfills the requirements set by the Koyasan Shingon sect such as serving out as the chief priest of a temple belonging to Koyasan Shingon sect for 20 years, he would be admitted the title of a honorary chief priest.
- 水墨画がこの頃盛んになった要因としては、日本と中国の間で禅僧の往来が盛んになり、宋・元の新様式の絵画が日本にもたらされたことが挙げられる。
- One of the reasons for the flourishing Suiboku-ga at this time is that Zen priests were actively interacting between Japan and China and new style paintings in Sung and Yuan were brought to Japan.
- 大津、坂本、淀などの水陸交通の要地や主要街道沿いの町に集団で住み、船で運ばれたものを京都や奈良など、当時消費の激しかった地域に運び込んだ。
- It thrived collectively around the key areas of amphibian transport such as Otsu, Sakamoto, and Yodo and the towns along main streets, and carried the shipped goods to the large markets at Kyoto and Nara Prefectures in those days.
- なお新鮮なニワトリの肉でもカンピロバクターに感染しているものが多く、またO-157などの病原性大腸菌対策としても充分な加熱処理が必要である。
- Since even fresh chicken meat is often infected with campylobacter, and as a measure against Escherichia coli bacteria such as o157, chicken meat must undergo sufficient heat treatment in cooking.
- 必要な糸をそろえたら「整経」といって縦糸を織機にかけるために整え、横糸を通すシャトル (織物)が通るための「綜絖」(そうこう)の準備をする。
- After the threads are prepared, they are warped to set the warp on the loom. This process is called 'warping,' and a 'heddle' is prepared for the shuttle to be put through the weft.
- 古代においては国家の政治に関する重要な事項や後継者を選ぶ際に神の意志を占うために籤引きをすることがあり、これが現在の神籤の起源とされている。
- In ancient times when important matters in connection with the politics of state or choosing of successors were decided, there were cases when lots were drawn to determine the intention of the Gods and this is said to be the origin of the modern day mikuji.
- さらには時代の流れで娯楽の多様化、各種接待の激減(料亭の項参照)による利用客の需要の少なさなど、料理屋や新潟の花柳界自体の衰退があげられる。
- Additionally, the decline of traditional Japanese restaurants and the red-light district due to the small user demand stemming from diversified means of entertainment and drastic decrease in various business entertainments (See 'Traditional Japanese Restaurants') has been mentioned.
- 太平洋戦争後、カストリと混同されたこと、独特の香りが時代の嗜好に合わなかったことなどから需要が低迷し粕取り焼酎の製造から撤退する蔵が相次いだ。
- After the Pacific War, because people confused it with kasutori and the unique aroma did not suit the trend of the times, the demand decreased and breweries stopped kasutori shochu production one after another.
- 吟醸、大吟醸となると、削りこむ部分が大きいだけでなく、そのぶん対象物が小さくなって神経も使うので、精米に要する時間は丸二日を超えることもある。
- With respect to ginjo and daiginjo, the problem is that not only the portion to be scraped off is large, but also the object becomes smaller and requires special attention, the time needed for rice polishing sometimes exceeds two full days.
- どちらの場合でも、漁業や流通の現場では、必ずしも同種か別種かを区別する必要があるとは限らないため、便宜的に異なる名前で取り扱われる場合がある。
- In any case, because it isn't necessarily important to distinguish whether they belong to the same species or not when they're caught and distributed to retail stores, they may be called by different names for the sake of convenience.
- 散楽(さんがく)は、日本の奈良時代に大陸から移入された、物真似や軽業・曲芸、奇術、幻術、人形まわし、日本舞踊など、娯楽的要素の濃い芸能の総称。
- Sangaku, which was imported from the Asian continent into Japan in the Nara period, is the collective name of various amusement arts including, but not limited to, mimicry, acrobatics/stunt, trick, magic, puppet show and Japanese dancing.
- 「弓道教本」では射法八節を定め、大日本武徳会で制定された「弓道要則」の統一打起し(中間打起し)を正式に廃し、正面・斜面の打起し方法を採用した。
- In the 'Textbook of Archery,' Shaho hassetsu was defined, and the united uchiokoshi (intermediate uchiokoshi) in the 'Kyudo-yosoku,' which was established in the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, was officially abolished, so that the Shomen and Shamen uchiokoshi methods were adopted.
- 但し、紅葉・落葉直後にすぐ剪定することでC/N比(炭素/窒素比)を変えたり、根回しや土壌交換による細根の発生をもたらすなど管理に留意を要する。
- However, attention must be paid to management, such as by pruning immediately after the leaves change color and fall in order to change the C/N (carbon/nitrogen) ratio, and by promoting the growth of narrow roots by digging around them and modifying the soil.
- こうして、三曲合奏は日本の伝統音楽の中でも合奏音楽として重要な位置を占めており、明治以降、西洋音楽にももっとも早くから対応することにもなった。
- In this way, of all kinds of traditional Japanese music, sankyoku gasso came to occupy an important position as ensemble music, and it was able to catch up with Western music in and after the Meiji period sooner than any other music in Japan.
- 『選択本願念仏集』(せんちゃくほんがんねんぶつしゅう)は、建久9年(1198年)、関白九条兼実の要請によって、法然が撰述した2巻16章の論文。
- 'Senchaku hongan nenbutsu shu' is a treatise in two volumes comprising sixteen chapters written by Honen in 1198 on the request from Kanezane KUJO, who was a Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor).
- 論争を通じて、日本における肖像画に対する多方面からの再検討が非常に活発化しており、この論争は日本の肖像画を改めて見直す重要な契機となっている。
- Throughout the controversy, portraits have actively been reexamined from various aspects in Japan, and this subject gave an important opportunity to review the portraits in Japan.
- 紙片には運勢の概要が「大吉・吉・中吉・小吉・凶」など(多い所では「大吉・吉・中吉・小吉・半吉・末吉・末小吉・凶・小凶・半凶・末凶・大凶」など。
- The general outline for fortunes for the slips of paper is daikichi (excellent luck), kichi (good luck), chukichi (moderate luck),shokichi (a little lucky), kyo (bad luck), (and sometimes more including daikichi, kichi, chukichi, shokichi, hankichi (half luck), suekichi (good luck in the future), sueshokichi (small good luck in future), kyo, kokyo (a little bad luck), hankyo (half bad luck), suekyo (bad luck in future), daikyo (very bad luck).
- 古典の随筆『二川随筆』に記述があり、和泉国岸和田市(現・大阪府岸和田市)の農家にある油徳利が、生活に必要な油を5年間に渡って出し続けたという。
- In 'Nisenzuihitsu,'a Japanese classic essay, it is written that abura tokkuri of a farm family in Kishiwada City, Izumi Province (present-day Kishiwada City, Osaka Prefecture) kept serving oil that the family needed for as long as five years.
- 働事(はたらき-ごと)は、能において、演者の所作と、能囃子によって構成される部分のうち、その所作が一定の表意的・具象的な要素を持つものを指す。
- Hataraki-goto refers to shosa (conduct) that has certain ideographical and representational elements in the parts that consist of performers' shosa and Noh-hayashi (percussion ensemble) in Noh plays.
- 翌1900年には(必要に応じてではあるが)全国の郵便局で実施、私製葉書の使用も認められ、1905年に完全に全国の郵便局で実施されるようになった。
- In 1900 (as needed) the system was carried out in post offices throughout the nation, the use of private mailing cards was permitted, and finally, in 1905, the system was brought into full practice at post offices throughout the nation.
- 薩摩琵琶では歌(語り)と楽器は交互に奏されるが、筑前琵琶の音楽には三味線音楽の要素が取り入れられており、歌いながら琵琶の伴奏を入れる部分がある。
- In Satsuma biwa music, songs (narrative parts) and the instrument were played alternately while the music of the Chikuzen biwa took in the musical elements of shamisen and had a part of biwa as accompaniment for songs.
- この期間中に剣道を何とか復活させようと愛好者たちが策を練った末に、剣道の要素を取り込んだ撓競技(しないきょうぎ)が生まれ、次第に普及していった。
- During this period, Kendo devotees worked hard to restore Kendo and came up with ideas on the Shinai sport, which incorporated the elements of Kendo, so that it gradually became widespread.
- 即位灌頂は仏教に基づく儀式であるが、二条家が神道式の儀式で即位灌頂の無事を祈る点は、近世の公家社会は神仏習合の要素があったことを示すものである。
- Sokuikanjo was the ceremony based on Buddhism, however, the Nijo family prayed for a satisfactory completion of sokuikanjo in Shinto ritual showed that the pre-modern court noble society had an element of shinbutsushugo.
- その後、3代将軍足利義満の時代に管領細川頼之の要望を聞き入れて臨川寺を五山に加える(永和 (日本)3年(1377年)- 康暦元年(1379年))
- After that, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third shogun, added Rinsen-ji Temple to the gozan temples at the request of Shogunal Deputy Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA between 1377 and 1379.
- また、一念三千は天台宗の重要な教理であるとするも智顗は摩訶止観5で、たった一度しか言及していないものを湛然が「終窮・究極」と配しただけであると。
- They also say that although the ichinen sanzen is treated as an important doctrine of the Tendai sect, it is only mentioned once by Zhiyi in his Makashikan (Mahayana Practice of Cessation and Contemplation) vol. 5; notwithstanding, Tannen called it 'utmost and fundamental.'
- 例えば「~して下さい」という要求をする時も、「~してもらわしまへんやろか」(~してもらえはしませんでしょうか)のような遠回しな否定疑問を用いる。
- For example, in order to make a request for somebody to 'do something,' negative interrogatives by insinuation are used, such as '... shite morawashimahen yaroka' (... shite moraewashimasen deshoka, literally 'Won't you kindly do... ?').
- 大正時代になると自転車が普及し、自転車のハンドルに掛ける道具袋の需要が生まれ、薬屋、牛乳屋、大工、植木屋、酒屋などの職人用カバンの製造を行った。
- In the Taisho period, bicycles became widely used, which created demand for tool bags hung on the bicycle: the company thus manufactured bags for workers, including pharmacists, milkmen, carpenters, gardeners, and sake dealers.
- 鎌倉時代に入ってから武家社会では急速に広まった家紋であったが、公家社会においては武士のように名を上げるために家紋を敢えて使用する必要はなかった。
- While Kamon were spreading rapidly among samurai during the Kamakura Period, Kuge did not have a need to use Kamon to boast their achievements.
- 文化庁は文化的景観の保存・活用事業を実施しており、文化庁の「文化的景観の保存・整備に関する検討委員会」が第三次調査で180の重要地域を選定した。
- As part of the project for the preservation and usage of the Cultural Landscapes, the Advisory Committee for the Preservation and Maintenance of Cultural Landscapes of the Agency for Cultural Affairs identified 180 important regions in its third investigation.
- ヤマト王権の時代になると日本書紀にも庭園に関する記事が記載されるようになっているが、庭園に関する表現は中国の典籍からの引用があり、注意を要する。
- During the time of Yamato rule, there appeared entries regarding gardens appeared in the Nihon-shoki (The first official history book compiled by Imperial command), however, we have to remember that some expressions about gardens were cited from Chinese books.
- 吟醸酒が日本国内の市場に流通するようになったのは1980年代以降であり、2000年代以降では日本国外でも需要が高まっている(参照:吟醸酒の誕生)。
- Distribution of ginjoshu in the domestic market of Japan has been conducted since the 1980's and, after 2000, the demand has increased even outside Japan. (Refer to 'Birth of Ginjo Sake.)
- ただ、中国の鍋料理である火鍋に用いられる食材は、日本のしゃぶしゃぶのように、すぐに火が通るものばかりではなく、しばらく煮込む必要がある食材も多い。
- Unlike Japanese shabu-shabu, the ingredients used in Chinese hot pot are not merely dipped in the pot but need to be stewed for a little longer.
- 出荷するときには酒税法の規定との兼ね合いもあり、また消費者が低アルコール度を好むという事情もあって、目的とするアルコール度数まで下げる必要がある。
- When shipping, in relation to the provisions of the Liquor Tax Act, and because that consumers prefer low alcohol-concentration, it is necessary to lower the alcohol concentration to a desired level.
- 以来、永らく麹造りは、酒造りの工程に占める重要性と、味噌や醤油など他の食品への供給需要から、酒屋業とは別個の専門職として室町時代まで営まれてきた。
- For a long time since, until the Muromachi period, koji production was operated by specialists who were independent from sake traders because of its importance for the process of sake brewing and the supply and demand for other foodstuffs such as miso and soy sauce.
- 成人が大半を占める組織や集団では、酒を酌み交わす宴会の形で行われることが多く、居酒屋や宴会場などでは新年会と並んで大きな需要を喚起する契機となる。
- If an organization or a group mainly consists of adults, Bonenkai is held as a party to drink together, therefore, it is a big opportunity along with Shinnenkai (new year party) for izakayas (Japanese-style pub) and party halls.
- 朝廷でも重要な儀式の一つとされ、応仁の乱の開始から延徳二年(1490年)に再興されるまでの約30年間中断された他は、明治維新まで継続して行われた。
- It was considered as one of the important ceremonies in the Imperial Court, and held continuously until the Meiji Restoration, except for about 30 years of the interruption between the start of the Onin War until being revived in 1490.
- 754年(天平勝宝4年)に東大寺大仏開眼法要のときに声明を用いた法要が行われた記録があり、奈良時代には、声明が盛んにおこなわれていたと考えられる。
- There is a record that a Buddhist ceremony involving the use of Shomyo was held at the opening ceremony for the Todai-ji Temple Great Buddha Eye in 754, so it is believed that Shomyo flourished during the Nara period.
- (仮字)『正法眼蔵』は、道元の禅思想を表現するために、語録から特に公案で使われてきた重要な問答を取り出し、それに説明注釈する形で教えを述べている。
- In the 'Kana Shobogenzo' important question-answer dialogues, in particular those used in koan, were selected from goroku (descriptions of what priests said during their lives) in order to express Dogen's Zen philosophy, this philosophy being explained by annotating each of the dialogues.
- 文学的要素から一般的教養等、多種多様の分野に取材してルールが決められており、そのルールにのっとって香りの異同を当てるもので、非常にゲーム性に富む。
- Kumiko is performed by each guest answering as to whether the incense is same or different, in accordance with rules decided after collecting information on a wide range of fields from literal to general culture, and provides a strong feeling of playing a game.
- しかし年賀特別郵便物の要件、すなわち取扱期間内での差出しを満たしていないため1月1日に配達される保障はなく、あくまでも郵政側のサービスによっている。
- However, because such mail doesn't satisfy the requirement for the nenga tokubetsu yubinbutsu, i.e., posting within the handling period, it isn't guaranteed but is simply a goodwill gesture by the postal service to deliver it on January 1.
- 大量にソフト(メディア (媒体))を各カラオケ装置脇に用意する必要がなく、機械駆動装置がないため小型化し省スペース化も図れ、新曲の配布も早くなった。
- There was no need of preparing a lot of software (media) beside each karaoke machine, the footprint was reduced by downsizing without using a machine drive system, and new songs were distributed faster than before.
- 昭和40年(1965年)に歌舞伎が重要無形文化財に総合指定され(対象は伝統歌舞伎保存会)、国立劇場が開場し、復活狂言の通し上演などの興行が成功する。
- In 1965, Kabuki received the overall designation as an important intangible cultural property, whose holder is the Organization for the Preservation of Kabuki, and National Theater opened, and moreover, performances, such as the whole play of revived Kyogen, went well.
- しかし、クマリンは肝毒性があり、食品添加物としては認められていない物質なので、桜の塩蔵葉が美味とはいえ、極端に摂食しすぎることには注意が必要である。
- However, as coumarin is hepatotoxic and not recognized as a food additive, care should be taken not to consume excess quantities of these salted leaves despite their delicious taste.
- これにより、焼酎を多く加えた飲用みりん(アルコール分23度以上、またはエキス分8度未満)については焼酎と同じ税率となり、直しへの需要は急激に廃れた。
- Because of that amendment, the tax rate of drinking mirin containing a large amount of shochu (the products whose alcohol content is 23 proof or above, or the products whose content of extracted component is below 8%) was raised to the same level at that of shochu, and consequently there was a sharp drop in the demand for naoshi.
- 「普通公衆浴場」とは、おおよそ「日常生活における保健衛生上必要な入浴のために設けられた公衆浴場」と定義され、一般に「普通公衆浴場」を「銭湯」と呼ぶ。
- The term 'ordinary public bathhouse' is generally defined as a 'public bathhouse established for the basic necessities for health in daily life,' and 'ordinary public bathhouses' are generally called 'sento.'
- - 合成弓ともいい、モーメント応力を考え強度が必要な箇所を革や金属などで被い補強したものや、動物の腱を使い緊張力を付加する事により反発力を高めた弓。
- It is also called a composite bow, where parts are strengthened by covering them with leather or metal to withstand the stress of movement and to provide more force in propelling the arrow by using a tendon of animal for the bow string, adding tonicity.
- このため地歌以外の三味線音楽が歌舞伎や人形浄瑠璃などの視覚的要素を伴う伴奏音楽として発展したのに対し、箏曲は劇場とは関係のない純音楽として発展した。
- As a result, while shamisen music other than jiuta developed as accompanying music for kabuki and ningyo joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater) that involve visual elements, Soh music developed as purely music independently from theater arts.
- 所持に関しては銃刀法による制限を受けるが、所有については許可などは必要なく、誰でも可能である(条例により18歳以下への販売を規制している所はある)。
- Although carrying a sword is subject to restriction by the Sword and Firearms Control Law, permission is not required to possess a sword and anybody can possess them (some municipalities prohibit sales to people 18 or younger in an ordinance).
- 第二次世界大戦終戦により「統合を強要する圧力」が消滅したりするのに伴い、旧顕本法華宗、旧本門宗に属する本山、末寺には日蓮宗より独立するものもあった。
- After the end of World War II, 'the pressure which had forced the integration' disappeared, and some head temples and branch temples which belonged to the former Kenpon-hokke sect and the former the Honmon sect left the Nichiren sect to become independent temples.
- これは、駅弁は調製から購入・消費までにタイムラグがあるため、食中毒の防止などを目的として、調製方法などにさまざまな厳しい要求があったこととも関係する。
- This situation also resulted from various and strict requests made on the production process, etc. with the aim of preventing food poisoning, because the time lag from production to purchase and consumption is an inevitable aspect of Ekiben.
- 近年では、大量生産の要求に応えるため、あるいは伝統的な製法では良質の藁を確保すること等が困難なこともあり、純粋培養した納豆菌を用いる製造が主流である。
- In recent years, in order to meet the requirements of mass production, or because of the difficulty in obtaining good-quality straw for the traditional method, the mainstream practice has been to use pure cultured bacillus subtilis natto.
- 目安としては蒸し米30kgにつき約1坪のスペースが必要で、また大吟醸酒・純米大吟醸酒などでは蒸し米100kg当たりに振りかける黄麹菌は5gほどである。
- As a guide, a space of approximately 3.3 square meters is needed for 30 kg of steamed rice and, for daiginjoshu or junmai daiginjoshu, approximately 5 g of yellow aspergillus is sprinkled on 100 kg of steamed rice.
- また、20~25分間70~75度に湯の温度を保って卵を茹でれば温泉卵はでき、容器に拘る必要はないが沸騰や温度の降下に至らないように工夫する要領が要る。
- Furthermore, if you boil an egg for 20 to 25 minutes at between 70 to 75 degrees, you can make an onsen egg without the necessity for a container, however it is necessary to have a way of maintaining the boiling and temperature.
- 霊蹟寺院は日蓮一代の重要な事跡、由緒寺院は宗門史上顕著な沿革のある寺院で、住職(法律上の代表役員)を貫首と称する(中山法華経寺では伝主とされている)。
- Reiseki-jiin' is the important site of Nichiren and 'Yuisho-jiin' has a distinguished history in the history of the sect, and both head priests (legal representative board) are called 'Kanju' (in Nakayama Hokkekyo-ji Temple, the head priest is called 'Denshu').
- ただし、実際にぶぶ漬けを用意して、他意なくご馳走しようとしている場合もあるので、相手の真意を探るには阿吽の呼吸とも言える絶妙なテクニックが必要となる。
- Nevertheless, since it is possible that some hosts might in fact wish to entertain his guest with bubu zuke, visitors are required to be skilled in the technique of rhythmic breathing to understand the host's real intent.
- 今日、三千家が茶道の代表格として語られるのは、流祖である千利休の高名だけでなく、この時期に広く各地の町人富裕層に普及したことも大きな要因となっている。
- Today, the three Senke schools are widely referred to as the representatives of tea ceremony, the main reasons are not only the fame of their originator, Sen no Rikyu, but also the fact that Sansenke's methods were commonly accepted among the rich class town people every where in Japan during that time.
- 元日を基準とするのでグレゴリオ暦の導入以前は、暦法により元日が新暦に対し異なるため、数え年の計算には注意が必要である(単純に西暦で計算してはいけない)。
- As the New Year's Day is the base date in the traditional Japanese age system, care is should be taken when calculating someone's age with this method because the New Year's Day under the Gregorian calendar is different from that under the traditional Japanese calendar that had been used until the Gregorian calendar was introduced.
- 修行者は型の練習を通じて、空手の基本的な技や姿勢を身につけるだけでなく、組手などへの実践応用に必要な空手独特の身体動作を身につけることができるとされる。
- It is said that through kata practitioners do not just master karate's basic skills and posture, but also acquire the body movements peculiar to karate--which is a prerequisite for the practical application of karate--such as kumite.
- また、2006年度の市町村別生産量では、主要産地の愛知県西尾市が329t(東海農政局調べ)、京都府相楽郡和束町が264.5t(京都府調べ)となっている。
- Major production by municipalities in the fiscal year 2006 included 329 tons from Nishio City, Aichi Prefecture, a major producer of tencha, (according to research by the Tokai Regional Agricultural Administration Office) and 264.5 tons from Wazuka-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture (according to research by Kyoto Prefecture).
- 飲用に際して、玉露の滋味と香気の特徴を活かすには、60℃程度の低温(茶葉によっては40℃前後まで温度を下げる場合もある)の湯で浸出することが重要である。
- For drinking, it is important to keep the temperature of hot water as low as around 60 degrees (or even 40 degrees, depending on the tea leaves) centigrade in order for the distinct flavor and aroma of gyokuro to leach out.
- また、カラフルで楽しげな金平糖を配する事により、非常食が必要と成るような災害時に被るであろうストレス (生体)を軽減させる効果が期待されてるためである。
- Additionally, it is expected that the colorful and delightful looking kompeito will have an effect of reducing the stress response that people may suffer in a time of disaster when emergency food is needed.
- 食用米と同じように、気候・土壌などそれぞれに好適な栽培環境があること(現地適応性)も重要な性質の一つで、同種であっても産地によって品質の違いが生まれる。
- As with food rice, it's important that each has a suitable cultivating environment, including the climate and soil (area adaptive nature), so the difference in quality occurs depending on the growing district even if the breed is the same.
- 最も重要な史料としては、豊原統秋(1450~1512)が応仁の乱により雅楽等の記録が散逸することを憂えて著した『體源抄』(たいげんしょう)があげられる。
- As the most important historical data, 'Taigen-sho,' written by TOYOHARA no Muneaki (1450-1512), which expresses concern about the dissipation of the records of Gagaku and others due to the turmoil of the Onin War, can be cited.
- 高度経済成長による日本人の生活様式の変化に伴い、伝統的な民家が急速に姿を消し始めた1960年代から民家の重要文化財指定が積極的に推進されるようになった。
- Commensurate with high economic growth, the Japanese lifestyle has changed; when traditional private houses began rapidly disappearing in the 1960s, the designation of private houses as important cultural properties was accelerated.
- 昭和期の建造物として最初に重要文化財に指定されたのは明治生命館(岡田信一郎設計、1934年(昭和9年)竣工)で、1997年(平成9年)に指定されている。
- The Meiji Life Building (designed by Sinichiro OKADA, completed in 1934) was the first structure of the Showa period to be designated in 1997 as an important cultural property.
- 日隆 (法華宗本門流)の八品主義に反対して、日要の奉じた文底寿量説を発展させて富士門流の発展に尽力して京都要法寺の日辰とともに「東我西辰」と並称された。
- Nichiga was opposed to the Happon policy by Nichiryu of Honmon school of Hokkeshu sect, and developed the Montei-juryo theory embraced by Nichiyo, in his effort to reinforce the development of Fujimon school, after which he came to share the title 'Toga Saishin' (Nichiga of East and Nisshin of West) along with Nisshin of Kyoto Yobo-ji Temple.
- 敷居と鴨居にそれぞれ一本の樋(溝)を設け、鴨居の溝を敷居の溝よりも深く彫る事によって建具を落とし込み、必要に応じて取り外すことができるように工夫された。
- It was devised to be removable as necessary by carving each one toi (a generic term gutter) in the threshold and kamoi (a generic term for a head jamb, normally having tracks for sliding doors or partitions) and setting a sliding door by carving the gutter of kamoi deeper than that of the threshold.
- その庭園の主要部である大沢の池は北岸に近い大小二つの中島と池中の立石、また北側の名古曽の滝跡とともに平安時代初期のおおらかな面影を今日にしのばせている。
- Osawa-no-ike pond, which is main part of the garden, has two large and small islands near its north shore and a standing stone at the center of the pond, and Nakoso-no-taki water fall at the north, which shows us the broad-minded manner of the early Heian period today.
- 第二次世界大戦後、吉田五十八や篠原一男らをはじめとする著名な建築家たちによる近代数奇屋建築が華々しく登場するなか、中川地域の磨丸太の需要は絶頂に達する。
- The demand for polished logs produced in the Nakagawa area peaked when the spectacular modern sukiya buildings designed by famous architects including Isoya YOSHIDA and Kazuo SHINOHARA had emerged after World War II.
- 昭和9年(1934年)様々な流派を代表する弓道家や武徳会弓道部役員が集まり、武徳会本部で射形統一が話し合われ、喧々囂々の議論の末「弓道要則」を制定した。
- In 1934 the representatives of Kyudo-ka from various schools and board members of Kyudo-bu, Butoku-kai, gathered and talked about the integration of shooting styles at the head office of Butoku-kai, and established 'Kyudo-yosoku (the basic art of shooting an arrow)' after clamorous discussion.
- また消泡剤には乳化剤としての側面も持っていて、呉液を乳化させることにより大豆中の旨み成分(大豆油のアミノ酸等)を豆乳の中に引き出す重要な役割も担っている。
- The antifoaming agent also serves as an emulsifying agent and plays an important role of drawing forth the flavorful ingredients (amino acid in soybean oil, and other ingredients) contained in soybeans by emulsifying the fluid go.
- 岩絵具は、2回目ははじいてうまくつかないことが多いが、そのような場合は溶いた絵具にハッカ油かゴマ油を一滴落とすという手法が存在するが、熟練の技術を要する。
- With mineral colors the color is often repelled on the second coat and does not settle on the paper, however in this case adding a drop of mint oil or sesame oil to the dissolved color may be helpful, but this requires great skill.
- つまり、1950年(昭和25年)以前と以後とでは法律上の「国宝」という用語の意味が異なっており、旧法の「国宝」は文化財保護法上の「重要文化財」に相当する。
- In other words, the official meaning of 'national treasure' was different before 1950 than it was afterward; a national treasure under the former law is equivalent to an important cultural property under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
- また、文部科学大臣は、風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術などの無形の民俗文化財のうち特に重要なものを重要無形民俗文化財に指定することができる(第78条第1項)。
- Among the intangible folk cultural properties (such as folk customs, public entertainments and traditional skills), the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology can designate the ones judged to be especially important as 'important intangible folk cultural properties' (Article 78, Clause 1).
- 時代の流れで量産の必要性から、やや粗製濫造の傾向にある東京・大阪の唐紙屋に対して、伝統を重んじる京都の伝統工芸的職人の唐紙師の意地が示されていると言える。
- It can be said that it showed the spirit of kami-shi as traditional craftsmen in Kyoto who regarded tradition highly as opposed to the karakami makers in Tokyo and Osaka who tended to make crude kami-shi because of the necessity of mass production of current times.
- 家人が「食事を勧める」ことで、訪問者は時間を自覚でき、家人側も相手に対して失礼を犯さずに帰宅を要求することができる、という社交的な効果があると考えられる。
- The host may expect a sociable effect of 'offering meals' that reminds any guest of lapse of time and urges him to leave without discourteousness.
- これを庭園に再現する努力から筑山・池・島・白砂・水流・滝など自然要素で構成する日本の伝統様式に発展し、すでにこの時代に位置付けられていたことを示している。
- Japanese people tried to reproduce them in gardens and effort was developed to compose a traditional form of Japanese garden with a small mountain, a pond, an island, white sand, a stream, and a water fall, and this was already positioned as a form during the period.
- イカの塩辛の発酵は微生物による働きに加え、内臓(おもに中腸腺)に含まれる消化酵素によって自己消化が起こり、アミノ酸が生成する働きも重要な役割を果たしている。
- Fermentation of salted squid is promoted by work of microorganisms, in addition, a vital role is played by the process in which digestive enzymes contained in guts (mainly midgut gland) cause autodigestion, resulting in production of amino acid.
- 明治以降も盆栽は粋な趣味であったが、培養管理には水やりなど手間と時間が必要なために、生活環境の推移によって次第に愛好者は時間的余裕のある熟年層が多くなった。
- Even after the Meiji period, bonsai was a stylish hobby, however as time and effort were required for managing cultivation and watering, due to the changes in lifestyles, it gradually became a hobby of older generations who had the spare time.
- このことにより、各寺院は布教の機会と必要を同時に無くし、自らの檀家の葬儀や法事を営み定期的に収入を得るばかりの、変化のない生活に安住するようになっていった。
- As a result, each temple lost the opportunities and necessity of propagation at the same time and gradually became content with the uneventful life just holding funerals and memorial services for the danka and gaining the regular income.
- 2007年4月20日、21日(アメリカ・ロサンゼルス)真如苑LA斉燈護摩法要 日本の伝統仏教法要と、その願いに賛同した地元のダンサー、オーケストラとの共演。
- April 20 and 21, 2007, (Los Angeles, USA) Shinnyoen LA Saitogoma Mass: Joint performance of Japanese traditional Buddhist mass, and the local dancers and orchestra sympathizing with the prayers.
- (歴史、規模、出入りする顧客の種類、全国料理屋への影響力、知名度、格式、美術品の所有状況、建物、エピソード、などからこの三店が日本の主要とされる向きが強い)
- (From the judgment criteria of history, scale, customer's types, influence on other restaurants nationwide, reputation, style, ownership of artwork, building, and other episodes, these three restaurants are said to be the top three ryotei in Japan.)
- 近代建築のフィルターをとおして日本の伝統的空間対する理解を深めていったモダニストたちは外部空間の重要性に気付き、これを自らの空間表現の遡上に載せたのである。
- In this way, modernists who deepen their understanding of traditional space in Japan through the filter of modern day construction, were aware of the importance of external space and took up the matter for discussion.
- 中世前期まで戦場での主要な戦闘法であったが、南北朝時代 (日本)頃から弓射の主体は歩兵となり、騎兵も下馬して射るようになったため、騎射戦闘は消滅していった。
- Kisha was a major fighting style on the battlefield until early medieval times, but foot soldiers came to play a major role of Yumiire since around the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and horse soldiers also learned to shoot alighting from horses, so that the fighting style of Kisha had disappeared.
- さらに、斎藤月岑の『東都歳時記』には「七月六日、今朝未明より」、屋代弘賢の『古今要覧稿』には「たなばた祭、延喜式、七月七日織女祭と見えたるを初とせり」とある。
- Further, there are descriptions also in 'Toto Saijiki' written by Gekkin SAITO saying 'July 6, from the dawn of this morning' and in 'Kokon Yoranko' written by Hirokata YASHIRO saying 'tanabata first appeared in the Engishiki as Shokujo-sai which is held on July 7'.
- 文部科学大臣はこれを受けて指定物件の名称、所有者等を官報に告示するとともに当該重要文化財の所有者には指定書を交付する(文化財保護法27条、28条、153条)。
- Once the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology receives this, he/she will publish information such as the name and the ownership of the heritage for designation in an official gazette; subsequently, a letter of designation will be delivered to the owner of the important cultural property concerned (Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, Ordinances 27, 28 and 153).
- 民衆の救済活動に重きをおいた平安仏教や鎌倉仏教とは異なり、これらの六宗は学派的要素が強く、仏教の教理の研究を中心に行っていた学僧衆の集まりであったといわれる。
- It is said that unlike Heian Buddhism and Kamakura Buddhism which emphasized relief work for the common people, these six sects of Nanto Rokushu had an academic atmosphere as an important factor, they were groups of learned priests studying mainly the doctrines of Buddhism.
- 鎌倉新仏教の最も重要な要素を「国家からの自立」と「個人の救済」と捉え、この2つがあって初めて貴族仏教から脱却して民衆仏教としての鎌倉新仏教が成立したとする.。
- He considered that 'the independence from the nation' and 'the relief of the individual' were the most important factors of Kamakura New Buddhism, and these two factors made them possible to change from the Buddhism for the court nobles to Kamakura New Buddhism, the Buddhism for the common people.
- また、人が亡くなり49日法要が終わってから最初に迎えるお盆を特に初盆(はつぼん)または新盆(しんぼん、にいぼん、あらぼん)と呼び、特に厚く供養する風習がある。
- The first Bon festival following the Buddhist memorial service to commemorate 49 days since someone's death is called Hatsubon or Shinbon (Niibon, Arabon), and customs are observed more strictly than usual.
- 当時の日本は米や布などの物品貨幣が一般的であり、社会経済水準が貨幣を必ずしも要していなかったため、畿内とその周辺国以外にはあまり普及しなかったとも考えられる。
- At that time in Japan, rice and cloth were the popular items to exchange as material money, because then-current society of Japan had not reached yet to the economic level to necessiate money currencies, and therefore circulation of money was limited to the Kinai area (countries near Kyoto.)
- なおこれらの名称は慣習や流儀によってさまざまに混用されており、斬組をカケリと称したり、カケリや立廻りをもイロエに含んだりすることもあるので、注意が必要である。
- However, we have to be careful when we use these names as they are called in different ways according to traditions or styles and kirikumi is sometimes called kakeri, or kakeri and tachimawari are included in iroe.
- 日本での発泡酒の誕生には、時代背景による一種の対処法、参入障壁の高いビール製造、高いビールの税率、1989年以来のビールの低価格競争が主な要因としてあげられる。
- The main factors in the development of low-malt beer were consumption trends, the high entry barrier for beer production, the high tax rate of beer, and the cost competition in beer production since 1989.
- 弓に弦を張った状態での姿を張り顔・成り、充分に引いた時の弓の姿を引き成り、弦を外した状態では裏反りと呼び、それぞれ弓の性格や手入れする際に見る重要な要素である。
- It is called harigao (stetched face) or nari when the tsuru of the bow is taunt, hikinari (shape of the bow when pulled) when the bow is pulled, and urazori (bow bending in an opposite direction, when the tsuru taking off from the bow) when tsuru is released, and these are important elements need to be observed when handling each bow characteristic and management.
- 地勢的・歴史的・人的・資本的要素が複雑に絡み合っていることから、単に的屋として一括りに定義することは難しいが、的屋の源流とされるもは以下の五つものに分類される。
- It is hard to define simply tekiya as a whole due the complex relationship between geography, history, people, and finance, but the origins of tekiya can be found in the following five categories.
- 的屋(まとや)が営む矢場や楊弓場が遊女と懸け物{景品交換式遊技場(スマートボールや温泉場や宿場の射的場)}との密接な関わりから、風営法の設立の主な要因となった。
- Yaba and yokyuba archery ranges run by matoya (stall-keepers) were closely related with yujo (a prostitute) and gambling (a pleasure place for winning prizes such as rifle ranges of smart ball, hot-spring resort, and hotels), that led to the establishment of an Act Regulating Adult Entertainment Businesses, etc..
- 楽曲のカテゴリーとしても、唐楽、高麗楽、林邑楽(チャンパの音楽)等、国際色豊かな名前が伝わっており、大陸の音楽伝来以前からの日本古来の音楽の要素も含まれている。
- As for the categories of numbers, international names including Togaku, Komagaku and Rinyugaku (music of Champa) have been brought over, and the elements of Japanese ancient music before the introduction of the music from the continent were included.
- しかし博士は、唱えるための参考であり、声明を習得しようとすれば、口伝(ロイとも言う)(指導者による面授)が必要であり、師から弟子への流派の維持・継承は出来ない。
- However, Hakase was a reference to chant, and in order to learn Shomyo, kuden (also called roi, or direct initiation by an instructor) was necessary; therefore, conservation and inheritance were impossible from the perspective of a master to a disciple.
- 度牒出売の目的は、その成立当初から財政難に困窮し続けた宋朝の財政政策の一翼を担うことであり、実際に塩の専売制などと共に、国家の重要な財源の一つとなったのである。
- The purpose of selling the Docho was to contribute to the fiscal policies of the Sung Dynasty, which had constantly suffered financial difficulties since its formation, and the sales actually served as an important source of revenue together with the state monopoly on salt.
- 明治政府が成立すると、神道国教化の過程で仏教統制の必要性を感じた新政府は浄土真宗に対して「浄土真宗」・「門徒宗」など「一向宗」以外の呼称を改めて禁じようとした。
- When the Meiji government was established, the government decided that it should control the Buddhist sects as part of the process of establishing Shinto as the state religion, and tried to prohibit the Jodo Shinshu sect from using any name as other than 'Ikkoshu,' including 'Jodo Shinshu' and 'Montoshu.'
- 大正7年(1918年)の『越前製紙案内』によると、前年の越前和紙の生産額は、襖紙が半紙・光沢紙・奉書紙に次ぐ四位の生産高を記録するほどに重要な位置を占めている。
- According to the 'Echizen seishi-annai' (guide to paper manufacturing in former Echizen province) written in 1918, Echizen washi (Japanese paper made in former Echizen province) in the previous year occupied such an important place as the amount of production was ranked fourth after hanshi (standard-size Japanese writing paper), coated paper, and hoshogami.
- 不況やそのような粋なことをする男性がすくなくなったり、また娯楽の多様化や家庭重視、金銭的な問題等から芸妓にそれだけのことをする意味がないなど複数の要因となった。
- There are several factors for the disappearance of danna-sama including the poor economy, availability of diverse entertainment, trend to attach importance to family, financial reasons and there are very few men around who would be willing to spend money on geigi just for the sake of looking cool.
- 狭義では、室町時代末期(戦国時代_(日本))に、京都にいる室町幕府の征夷大将軍を保護することを意味し、結果として全国支配に必要な権威をもたらす事であるとされた。
- In a narrow sense it means to guard the seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi shogunate in Kyoto at the end of the Muromachi Period (Sengoku Period in Japan), and as a result it was considered to obtain the authority necessary to control the whole country.
- ただし完全な円形の丸鞆の実例は伝世品・発掘品ともに奈良時代から近世にいたるまでほとんどなく、この記事については検討が必要である)、鉈尾に取り付けることもあった。
- However, there are almost no surviving perfectly round sashes, which were often affixed to the dabi, from the Nara Period to modern times, and this is true both for art objects which have been loved and handed down and for objects found during archaeological excavations.
- 石臼で磨り潰されることにより、必要な蛋白分や糖分のみが液中に飛び出し、渋みの多い皮の部分はあまり細かくなることなく、おからとして排出されやすくなると言われている。
- It is said that when soybeans are mashed with a stone mill, only the essential protein and sugar come out in the liquid, and it becomes easy to extract the astringent soybean skins as okara without allowing them to break up.
- 熟成の原因は、大きく分けて外部から加わる熱や酸素になどによる物理的要因と、内部で起こるアミノ酸を初めとする窒素酸化物やアルデヒドなどによる化学的原因とに分かれる。
- Causes of maturing can be classified roughly into physical factors such as heat and enzymes from the outside and chemical factors which occurs inside, such as nitrogen oxide like amino acids and aldehyde.
- 後世の茶書(『草月指話集』『貞要集』など)には、千利休が改めた台子点前を豊臣秀吉が秘伝としてごく限られた者(台子七人衆)に伝授を許したという逸話が伝えられている。
- Later tea books (such as 'Sogetsu Sashiwa Shu' and 'Teiyoshu') provide an anecdote: Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI allowed only a few number of people (called the Seven Daisu Tea Masters) to learn the tea ceremony that utilized daisu which was reformed by SEN no Rikyu.
- 地方自治体は主要農作物種子法にもとづき、都道府県の農業試験場等で酒米品種の奨励品種決定のための試験を行い、優良な品種を農業者に対して栽培を奨励するのが通例である。
- Usually, under the Major Agricultural Products Seed Act, the agricultural experiment stations of the municipality and so on carry out tests to determine the recommended varieties of sakamai and recommend excellent varieties to farmers.
- 明治30年(1897年)12月28日、「観世音菩薩乾漆立像(伝百済人作)1躯」として、古社寺保護法に基づく国宝(文化財保護法における「重要文化財」に相当)に指定。
- On December 28, 1897, it was designated a national treasure under the Ancient Temples and Shrines Protection Law as 'One Statue of Kanzeon Bosatsu Kanshitsu Ritsuzo (one dry lacquered standing statue of Kanzeon Bosatsu) (according to a legend, the work of someone of an ancient Korean kingdom [Paekche or Kudara])' (equivalent to an 'important cultural property' under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties).
- 山菜や野草の場合、他の調理法ではアク抜きなどの下処理が必要となるが、天ぷらにおいてはほとんど必要がなく、摘み草などで山野草を手早く味わいたい場合に多く用いられる。
- In case of Sansai and Sanyaso (plants growing wild in fields and mountains), preparations such as removing scum are necessary in other methods of cooking, but are hardly required for tempura, and tempura cooking is very popular when people want to taste picked Sanyaso promptly at a Sanyaso picking gathering.
- 正面床の間の、貼り付壁や付け書院、違棚の小襖や間仕切りとしての襖、長押の上の壁面などをすべて構成要素として利用した、雄大で華麗なパノラマ金碧障壁画が描かれている。
- A magnificent, gorgeous and panoramic kinpeki-shohekiga was painted consisting of haritsuke kabe, tsukeshoin (the exterior corner of the alcove on the veranda in an aristocratic style dwelling), kobusuma (a small fusuma) of chigaidana (set of staggered shelves), fusuma as partitions and walls above nageshi (a horizontal piece of timber in the frame of a Japanese-style house) in the front tokonoma (the front alcove).
- イギリス政府が2500人以上の成人を対象にした調査で「最も重要と思いつつも最も不快に感じる発明品」として、カラオケが22%を獲得し携帯電話などを抑えて1位となった。
- A survey among more than 2,500 adults conducted by the British government, karaoke won first place with 22% over mobile phones and so on as 'the most irritating invention to have blighted Britain.'
- 洋酒では、ワインに代表されるように、原料であるブドウ果汁の中にすでにグルコースが含まれているので、わざわざこうした糖化の工程が要らず、そのため単発酵文化圏となった。
- In case of foreign liquors, for example wine, because grape juice as raw material contains glucose, no additional saccharification process is required and zones of culture of single-stage fermentation is formed.
- 段位は「剣道の技術的力量(精神的要素を含む)」、称号は「これに加え指導力や、識見などを備えた剣道人としての完成度」を示すものとして、審査(選考会)を経て授与される。
- Dan-i (qualification of rank) and titles are granted after an examination (selection match) in which 'technical skill of Kendo (including mental factors)' for Dan-i,' as well as titles pertaining to one's 'level of achievement as a Kendo person with leadership and discretion.'
- 文部科学大臣は、無形の民俗文化財に用いられる衣服、器具、家具など有形の民俗文化財のうち、特に重要なものを重要有形民俗文化財に指定することができる(第78条第1項)。
- Among the tangible folk cultural properties such as costumes, tools and stages associated with the intangible folk cultural properties, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology can designate the ones judged to be especially important as 'important tangible folk cultural properties' (Article 78, Clause 1).
- なお、1950年(昭和25年)の文化財保護法施行以前の旧制度下では、現在の「重要文化財」に相当するものがすべて「国宝」と称されていたので混同しないよう注意を要する。
- However, under the system that existed prior to the enforcement of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, which occurred in 1950, all of what are now designated as important cultural properties were called national treasures, so this point should be noted in order to avoid confusion.
- これに、唯円が覚如に親鸞の教えを教授したこと、『口伝抄』に『歎異抄』と類似した文が含まれることなどから、本書は覚如の要請によって書かれたのではないか、とされている。
- In addition, Yuien taught Shinran's thoughts to Kakunyo and some sentences of 'Kudensho' are similar to sentences of 'Tannisho,' therefore, it is said that this book was written at the request of Kakunyo.
- ただし、梅若猶彦は世阿弥の能論における最も重要な美的概念が「幽玄」ではなく「妙」であることを指摘しており、「幽玄」が能の美的側面における支配原理というわけではない。
- However, UMEWAKA pointed out that the most important esthetic concept in Zeami's theory of Noh is not 'Yugen (Subtle and profound)' but 'Myo (Strangeness)' and 'Yugen' is not a ruling principle of Noh from the aesthetic aspect.
- その反面、精米歩合が高くなればなるほど米の品種の個性が生かしにくくなり、発酵を促すミネラル分やビタミン類も失われるので、後の工程での高度な技術が要求されることになる。
- On the other hand, the higher the rice-polishing ratio, the more difficult to use most of characteristics of the varieties of rice and the more minerals and vitamins, which promote fermentation, are lost, a highly sophisticated technique is required for subsequent stages.
- そして応仁の乱によって再び戦乱の世が始まると、膨大な需要に応えるため「数打物」と呼ばれる粗製濫造品が大量に出回るようになり、刀剣の質の低下に拍車をかけることとなった。
- When the war-torn era started by the turmoil of the Onin War, numbers of inferior swords made by mass production called 'Kazu-uchi mono' started to appear to respond to the massive demand, which intensified the deterioration in the quality of swords.
- 槍などの刀以外の武器では、戦場の真っ只中で迅速に首を切り落とすのは、非常に困難であり、合戦では自らの功績を示すものが敵将の首級であった為、重要であったとする説がある。
- It was quite difficult to cut off a head quickly in the middle of a battlefield with Yari (spears) or weapons other than swords, and the cut head of the enemy general could show the achievement of a soldier in a battle, so it is said that swords were important.
- これらの要因などから発泡酒で成功を収めるのは難しいと考えられ、発泡酒は酒税法で定義されているものの長期間参入する企業が無い状況が続き、休眠状態のジャンルとなってしまう。
- Due to those factors, success in low-malt beer production and sales was considered difficult, and the low-malt business petered out for a while, although low-malt was defined by Liquor Tax Act, no companies entered low-malt business for a long time.
- 競技性を考慮した規定をある程度定めてはいるが、同時に『弓道の用具はまだ完全に均一化されていないため…また、用具の充分な性能発揮のためにも各個の工夫、愛着も必要である。』
- While most of the tournament rules are already determined, All Nippon Kyudo Federation says that 'the tools for Kyudo are not standardized completely, and there is a need for individual adjustments and familialization with tools required to increase the ability of bow.'
- リコーダー(いわゆる「縦笛」)はマウスピース (楽器)の構造(フィップル、ブロック)によって初心者でも簡単に音が出せるが、尺八・フルートで音を出すには熟練が必要である。
- The recorder (a so-called 'vertical flute') has a structure (instrument) constructed in the form of a fipple, block, which enables a beginner to produce a sound easily; however, to produce a sound on a shakuhachi, it generally takes intensive practice.
- また、大量の障壁画制作をこなすには、弟子一門を率いて集団で制作する必要があり、集団制作を容易にするためにも絵師個人の個性よりも粉本(絵手本)を学習することが重視された。
- In order to create numbers of screen paintings, one must work in a group with all the disciples; therefore, in order to make group work easier, the ability to learn from painting examples was valued more than one's individuality as a painter.
- これらの物件がいわゆる「旧国宝」であり、これらの物件すべては文化財保護法施行の日である1950年(昭和25年)8月29日をもって、同法に規定する「重要文化財」となった。
- These so-called 'old national treasures' all became known as important cultural properties on August 29, 1950, when the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties went into effect.
- 呼称は冒頭であげたようなものがあるが、同じものでも地域によって呼称が異なっていたり、異なったものに同じ呼称が用いられていることもあり、非常に複雑であるため注意を要する。
- As was mentioned in the beginning, there are many names applied to Dashi, so it becomes necessary to be careful to discern the types of Dashi correctly, since, on the one hand, the same kind of Dashi have different names depending upon the region, but at the same time the same names are used for different types.
- ただし畿内などでは300年かけて形成された金属貨幣そのもののに対する需要が完全に無くなった訳ではなく、估価法などの公定価格の決定には貨幣換算によるものが用いられてきた。
- However, this does not mean that the demand for metal currencies vanished completely, after three hundred years or so for forming them in the Kinai area (countries near Kyoto,) but they remained as a method of conversion to decide official prices by Kokaho (acts of conversion rate of goods.)
- 普通は、横糸を刺繍糸のように浮かせた浮織物の地紋に、絵緯(えぬき。織の組織に必要な経緯《たてよこ糸》とは無関係な、紋をあらわすだけに使う色糸)を使って上紋を浮織にする。
- Usually, uwamon is woven with enuki (threads only used for making patterns and irrelevant to keii [the warp and the weft] for weaving a fabric) on the jimon of ukiorimono, a fabric with raised patterns that are woven by raising the weft like embroidery thread.
- 現存する代表作の一つである大徳寺聚光院方丈障壁画は永徳と父・松栄の分担制作であるが、父・松栄は方丈南側正面の主要な部屋の襖絵を息子の永徳にまかせ、自分は脇役に回っている。
- The paintings on the partitions in the hojo of Jukoin, Daitoku-ji Temple (which are among his best existing works) were created by Eitoku together with his father Shoei; however, Shoei had Eitoku take charge of Fusumae of the major room in the south front of the hojo, while he took a supporting role.
- 『類聚(るいじゅう)雑要抄』の永久 (元号)3年(1115年)藤原忠実の東三条殿の神殿しつらえ図面によると、すべての障子には絵画も唐紙紋様もない「地・白」と記されている。
- According to a drawing of the shrine with furnishings in Higashisanjo-dono (a residence taken over by the Fujiwara clan) of FUJIWARA no Tadazane in 1115 described in the 'Ruiju Zatsuyosho' (a book explaining the furnishings in ceremonies and events in detail with sketches), all shoji were shown as a white ground with no pictures and karakami patterns.
- マスメディアなどで「出荷量」という場合には未納税移出数量を含んだ「実出荷量」と未納税移出数量を除いた「課税移出数量」を混同して報道しているケースがあるので注意が必要である。
- When the mass media mentions 'shipping volume,' they sometimes report mixing 'actual shipping volume' including shipping volume without tax payment with 'taxable shipping volume' excluding shipping volume without tax payment, so we have to be careful about that.
- 洋からしのほうが扱いは楽だが、味には明確な違いがあり、和からしと洋からしを取り替えた場合、そのままでも平気な場合と全く味が異なってしまう場合があることに注意する必要がある。
- Mustards are easier to handle, but there is a clear distinction between the flavor of Japanese and Western mustards, so when one is mistakenly used the effect may or may not turn out as planned.
- 同法第2条第1項第1号には建造物らのものと「一体をなしてその価値を形成している土地その他の物件」が重要文化財指定の対象である「有形文化財」の概念に含まれることが明記された。
- In the first statement of Ordinance 2, Clause 1 of the same law, the concept that the building and 'the land or other construction that forms the value' is a 'tangible cultural property' that is eligible for designation as an important cultural property was included and clearly described.
- 研究所では季刊『禅文化』や『禅文化研究所紀要』発行しているほか、『祖堂集』などの油印本の刊行、『白隠禅師法語全集』『祖堂集索引』等各種研究書を刊行し、禅文化の普及に努める。
- In addition to the quarterly issuing of 'Zen Bunka' (Zen culture) and that of 'Zen Bunka Kenkyujo Kiyo' (Journal of The Institute for Zen Studies), the research institute has made efforts to promote Zen culture through the publication of mimeograph-based books, such as 'Sodoshu,' and also through various books concerning research such as 'Hakuin Zenji Hogo Zenshu' (Complete Collection of Buddhist Sermons by Hakuin Zenji) and 'Sodoshu Sakuin' (Index to Sodoshu).
- 涅槃会(ねはんえ)は、涅槃講や涅槃忌とも称し、陰暦2月15日 (旧暦)、釈迦の入滅(にゅうめつ)の日に、日本や中国などで勤修される、釈迦の遺徳追慕と報恩のための法要である。
- Nehan-e, also referred to as Nehan-ko or Nehan-ki, is a Buddhist memorial service practiced in Japan and China on February 15 in the Chinese lunar calendar, the day when Shakyamuni entered Nirvana (died), to remember the illustrious memory of Shakamuni and repayment of a kindness.
- 本阿弥光悦の芸術の重要なテーマは王朝文化の復興であり、その一つとして王朝時代の詠草料紙の復活と「からかみ」を作り、書道の料紙とするとともに、嵯峨本の料紙とすることであった。
- The important theme of art of Koetsu HONAMI was reviving the cultures of the dynasty age, one of which was the revival of paper for eiso and the production of 'karakami' as ryoshi for Saga-bon as well as for calligraphy.
- このうちツレには『蝉丸(せみまる)』『大原御幸(おはらごこう)』のように、ごくまれにシテとほぼ同格と言える重要な役割を持つものがあり、このような能を「両ジテもの」と称する。
- In some Noh plays such as 'semi-maru,' and 'Goko OHARA,' the tsure is playing a role almost as important as the protagonist and such Noh plays are called 'double protagonist Noh,'
- 文部科学大臣は、景観地区などとして都道府県または市町村が保存措置を講じている文化的景観の中から特に重要なものを重要文化的景観として選定することができる(第134条第1項)。
- The Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology can select, from among the cultural landscapes that deserve to have preservation measures from the prefecture or the municipality, the especially important ones as 'important cultural landscapes' (Article 134, Clause 1).
- これについでインド独立運動で重要な役割を果たしたラーマ・ムールティの弟・ジャヤ・ムールティが、1954年(昭和29年)に東京・阿佐ヶ谷に「アジャンタ_インド料理店」を開いた。
- The opening of the restaurant was followed by 'INDIAN RESTAURANT AJANTA,' which was opened in 1954 in Asagaya, Tokyo, by ジャヤ・ムールティ, younger brother of ラーマ・ムールティ, who played an important role in the Indian independence movement.
- それぞれの施設で異なるが一般的に、番台やフロントなどで入浴に必要な道具や石鹸、入浴後に飲まれることの多い飲料である牛乳やサイダー、ジュース、缶ビール(一部の施設)などを販売。
- Each facility offers a different range of services, but generally speaking many facilities sell the soap and the essentials of bathing as well as milk, soda, juice and canned beer (some facilities) at the bandai or the front desk.
- それに先立って1957年に結成された邦楽四人の会、邦楽器ブーム初期の1964年より活動を続けている日本音楽集団の活動も、洋楽系現代音楽における重要な邦楽活動として挙げられる。
- Activities of Hogaku Yonin no kai (the four players group), which was organized in 1957, and Nihon Ongaku shudan (the group of Japanese musicians), which started activities in 1964 prior to the boom of Japanese traditional instruments, were also significant as the activities of Japanese traditional music conducted by the western contemporary musicians.
- しかし、明らか本鍛錬刀とは見られない特殊刀であっても、登録を堂々正式に受けているも数多くあり、全時代全国全審査員共通の確固たる制式があるかという面に於いては考慮が必要である。
- However, numbers of special swords which are apparently not authentically forged swords are officially registered, so, it requires some consideration on the system common to all the periods, all the regions, and all judges.
- 重要無形文化財以外の無形文化財のうち、その記録を作成し、保存し、または公開するための措置を講ずるものは「記録作成等の措置を講ずべき無形の文化財」として選択される(第77条)。
- Among the intangible cultural properties other than the important intangible cultural properties, those that merit measures aimed at compiling, preserving or disclosing their recording documents are selected as 'intangible cultural properties that deserve measures of documentation' (Article 77).
- これら戒律は仏教の中でも最も重要な事項の一つとされているが、日本では仏教が伝来した当初は自分で自分に授戒する自誓授戒が行われるなど、授戒の重要性が長らく認識されていなかった。
- Although these Vinaya precepts governing the life and behavior of Buddhist priests and nuns are ones of the most important matters in Buddhism, the Japanese had not thought Jukai so important for a long time; for example, at first when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, Jisei Jukai (self-administered precepts) was permitted.
- 掲載された図面には園内要所からの眺望視界線が記入されているほか日本庭園の分類を従来の築山、平庭、露地の3つに壷庭と崖庭を加えていて、崖庭の好例として三仏寺投入堂を挙げている。
- In the published drawings, lines representing views and the fields of visions from the major points in a garden are indicated, and he added tsuboniwa (a small garden made between buildings or as a part of a building) and gakeniwa (a garden on a cliff) to the three conventional demarcation of Japanese gardens, namely Tsukiyama (artificial hill), Hiraniwa (plain garden), roji, and cited Nageire-do of the Sanbutsu-ji Temple as a typical example of gakeniwa.
- 延喜年間には長良川河畔に7戸の鵜飼があり、国司藤原利仁は7戸の鵜飼にアユを献上させ、時の天皇の気に入り、方県郡七郷の地を鵜飼に要する篝松の料としてたまわり、鵜飼七郷とよんだ。
- In the Engi era there were 7 Ukai houses on the bank of the Nagara-gawa River, and FUJIWARA no Toshihito, Kokushi (a providence governor), made the 7 Ukai houses present ayu to the Emperor, who appreciated it and gave him seven villages of Katagata District as compensation for Ukai, so that they came to be called the seven Ukai villages.
- しかし、現代において中国で生産される物には粗製濫造品が増え、一方の国産品は煎茶道愛好家の需要や好みを満足させるレベルに達しておらず、入手が非常に困難な道具の一つとなっている。
- Although today, since the Teiran baskets produced by China are increasingly inferior in quality while those produced in Japan have not reached the level of satisfying demands and tastes of Senchado fanciers, good Teiran is one of the tools rarely available in markets.
- 遊牧民族の彼らは牧草を求め常に移動しならが生活、また屢々馬に跨がり他民族と闘っていたが、彼らのこういった生活文化の中で自然的必要性から騎射は開発・発展して来たものと考えられる。
- Since they were nomadic tribes, they moved around to live to look for good vegetation and also fought against other tribes on horseback, and it is presumed that Kisha was developed and improved through the manner of their lifestyle, as it was naturally necessary for them.
- - 時節や年中行事に必要な縁起物である木の実や葉っぱや野菜、魚(地域によっては普段は禁じられていた獣肉など)などのいわゆる、季節物・消え物(きえもの)を市や縁日で販売していた。
- This term was used to refer the selling of lucky charms required for times or annual events, what is called, seasonal items or items that would only be used once such as nuts, berries, vegetables, fish (and, depending on the district, meat, which was normally banned) at markets or festivals.
- このように相手との接触点を通じ技を掛ける機微と一連のプロセスを「結び」「導き」「崩し」と言い、合気道の技の大切な要素として、また精神理念に通じるものとしても強調することがある。
- Such subtlety and series of processes for applying techniques to the opponent through the contact point are called 'musubi' (a link between the attacker and the defender), 'lead' and 'kuzushi,' and are emphasized as important elements of aikido techniques and in connection with the spiritual principle.
- 第一に操り人形から離れ、浄瑠璃の音楽性が独立したこと、第二に程度の差はあるが「語り」の性格が「歌」の要素によってよわめられ、やわらかさ、艶麗さの方向に発達していったことである。
- First, they abandoned the use of puppets and became independent as music; and secondly, they developed, more or less, into forms that are softer and more erotic, as the nature of 'narration' was weakened by the element of 'song.'
- 封建社会の当時にあっては、家門の長が主要な部屋の襖絵を描くのが常識であり、この障壁画制作時には松栄は才能豊かな永徳に家督を譲って、自身はすでに隠居の身であったと考証されている。
- In the days of feudal society it was a common practice that the head of a family would create Fusumae in the major room, so it is historically believed that, at the time such paintings were created, Shoei had already retired after transferring the family estate to Eitoku, who was a great talent.
- 焼損した壁画と焼け残った内陣小壁の飛天図とは1958年(昭和33年)2月8日、「金堂外陣旧壁画(土壁)12面」「金堂内陣旧壁画(土壁)20面」として重要文化財に指定されている。
- The fire damaged murals and the survived Hiten painting on a Shoheki of the naijin were designated as important cultural properties as 'Kondo gejin kyu hekiga or tsuchikabe juni men' (12 old mural paintings [mud wall] of the gejin in the Kondo) and 'Kondo naijin kyu hekiga or tsuchikabe niju men' (20 old mural paintings [mud wall] of the naijin in the Kondo) respectively on February 8, 1958.
- 基本的に、諸大名や将軍家では定紋を嫡子だけにしか継がせなかったため、また時代とともに一家系で持ちうる替紋(後述)の数が増えるに連れて、定紋の権威や価値や必要性は強まっていった。
- Basically, Daimyo and Shogun passed Jomon only to their heirs so, authority, value, and the necessity of Jomon were strengthened along with the increase of the number of Kae-mon (as bellow) which were allowed to be possessed.
- しかし、2003年に中国から輸入枠の割り当て申請があり、自国の輸入枠減少を恐れた韓国が日本の海苔市場の自由化を要求、2004年、最終的に世界貿易機関へ協定違反として提訴している。
- However, because China applied for the import quota in 2003, South Korea, which feared the reduction of its import quota, asked for the liberalization of the nori market in Japan, but in 2004 South Korea finally filed a complaint with World Trade Organization (WTO) for breach of agreement.
- 昭和8年(1933年)5月に開催された全国範士・教士会からの要請を受け、同年9月、当時の武徳会会長鈴木荘六 によって全国から招集された著名弓道家により「弓道形調査委員会」を構成。
- In September 1933, based on requests from the national meeting of Hanshi (the top rank) and Kyoshi (prestigious title) held in May of that year, a 'kyudo kata (shooting form) research committee' was formed by famous Kyudo-ka, who were called from all over the country by the chairman of Butoku Kai, Soroku SUZUKI.
- 国際協力機構(JICA)に所属しケニア在住の日本人食物栄養学者である岸田袈裟は、1994年に同地のエンザロ村で、其処にある材料で現地の需要に則して改良した日本式の竈を作り上げた。
- In 1994, Kesa KISHIDA, a Japanese food nutritionist living in Kenya and a member of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), built a Japanese-style kamado at the village of Enzaro in Kenya, using the materials available there and improving it in order to meet local needs.
- 重要文化財は建造物の部と美術工芸品の部の大きく2つに分かれ、美術工芸品の部はさらに絵画、彫刻、工芸品、書跡・典籍、古文書(こもんじょ)、考古資料、歴史資料の7部門に分かれている。
- Important cultural properties can be classified into the buildings category and the artworks and crafts category; the artworks and crafts category is further divided into seven sections, namely paintings, sculptures, crafts, calligraphies and books, archaeological resources, ancient documents and historical resources.
- 1978年から鎌倉市教育委員会によって二階堂と阿弥陀堂、薬師堂を中心とする主要伽藍とこれら建物の前面に広がる庭園の遺構を確認することに主眼を定めた発掘調査が継続して行われている。
- Excavation researches aiming principally at certification of remains of major temples mainly the Nikai-do Temple, the Amida-do Temple and the Yakushi-do Temple, and gardens spread in front of these temples have been continuously conducted by the Board of Education of Kamakura City since 1978.
- 元禄時代に入ると、人々の生活は次第に華やかなものになっていき、家紋をもっていなかった人々も家紋を必要とする機会が生まれ、豊臣秀吉の吉例によって「五三の桐」紋が下層庶民に好まれた。
- During the Genroku era life gradually became more extravagant so, people without Kamon were offered the opportunity to have Kamon; for example, lower-class people favored 'Gosan no Kiri' according to the time-honored custom of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 義満の死後、鹿苑寺(金閣寺)となり1422年には禅寺になっていくが、主要な建築物の大部分は移築されその際に庭園も相当な影響をうけたらしく破壊された庭石は長らく放置されていたという。
- After the death of Yoshimitsu, the Kitayama villa became Rokuon-ji Temple (the Kinkaku-ji Temple), and then in 1422, the it became a Zen temple, but a large part of the major buildings were reconstructed in a new location, and at the time, the garden seemed suffered considerable damage, it is said that broken garden stones were left there for a long time.
- 忍術(にんじゅつ)とは、日本の室町時代頃から戦国時代 (日本)に活躍した忍者がおこなった敵方に対する情報収集、情報霍乱などに関する技術及びその際に必要とする兵法、武術の総称である。
- Ninjutsu is a generic term for techniques used by Ninja (persons in feudal Japan who used ninjutsu for the purposes of espionage, assassination, sabotage, etc.), who were active during the Muromachi Period and the Sengoku Period, to gather intelligence or to destabilize intelligence against the enemy camp and also arts of warfare and martial arts necessary to carry out Ninja's operations.
- 現代では武道として大事なのは人格の形成、精神の鍛錬であり技術的なことなどはさして重要でなく、武術的な部分は精神的修行の必要な荒くれ者どもを集めるための方便に過ぎないとの考え方もある。
- In modern times, the important things in budo are the formation of character and mental training; the skills aren't so important, and some people think the bujutsu-part of budo is just an expedient way to gather rowdy fellows who need mental training.
- 本来の目的は襦袢を埃、皮脂や整髪料から保護するもの(汚れたらはずして洗濯し、何度も使用する)であるが、顔に近い部位に身につけるものであることから着こなしのポイントとして重要視される。
- Although its main purpose is to shield juban from dusts, sebum and/or hairdressings (when it gets dirty, you can take it off, wash it out and use it over and over), it is regarded as an important point in dressing since it is put on at the site near the face.
- アルコール飲料のうちの1つとして日本酒を見たとき、それはウイスキーやワインなど他の酒と比較しても高度な醸造技術が必要とされるため、製品として完成するには大変手間のかかる種類の酒である。
- When we consider sake as an alcoholic drink, as it requires high-level fermenting technology compared to other alcoholic drinks such as whisky and wine, it is a type of alcoholic drink that requires a lot of effort and labor to complete as a product.
- 現在では食品としての需要が供給を大きく下回り、また品質の劣化が早く日持ちがしないため、家畜の飼料として一部を活用したり脱水して保存性を高めて供給されるほかは、ほとんどが廃棄されている。
- Currently, most okara is discarded since the demand falls much below the supply and it spoils rapidly, except for a part that is used as feeding stuff or dehydrated to enhance the preservative quality.
- 日本の文化も単純にひとくくりにできるものではなく、様々な要素を含んでおり、古代から中世にいたっては中国を中心としたアジアの近隣諸国、そして明治以降の近~現代では欧米からの影響を受けた。
- The Japanese culture cannot be bracketed simply because it contains various elements, the Japanese culture in a period from ancient times to the medieval period was affected by neighboring countries in Asia around China, and in the period from early modern times to modern times after the Meiji period was affected by western countries.
- しかし、表面的に大きく変化していても、その中に一貫する極めて日本的な要素や傾向を指摘できる面もある(例:住居が和風の座敷から洋間に変わっても、室内に靴を脱いで上がる点では変わらない)。
- However, even though it changed drastically on a superficial level, the Japanese traditional culture has an aspect of being able to point out very Japanese coherent elements and trends (e.g. even if rooms in the house changed from zashiki (Japanese style tatami room) to a Western-style room, the custom of taking off shoes when entering a house is not changed).
- 平成元年(1989年)、高等学校学習指導要領改訂にともない、「格技」は「武道」に改められ、これまで「格技」ではなく「個人種目」に含まれていた弓道は、「武道」の領域に含まれる事になった。
- In 1989, with the revision of the government course guidelines for high school, 'combative sports' was changed to 'martial arts,' and Kyudo, which was placed under 'individual events' instead of 'combative sports,' was included in the 'martial arts' domain.
- このような伝統と巧みな技術開発により、襖紙産地としての名声を高め、太平洋戦争後の復興需要で、生産量が飛躍的に拡大し、機械抄紙機の普及にともなって、現在に至るまで襖紙の主流を占めている。
- Tradition and these developments of skillful techniques improved the reputation of Echizen as a production area of fusuma paper, and its production rapidly expanded by the increased demand due to revival after the Pacific War, and it has been the mainstream of fusuma paper until now in accordance with the prevalence of power-driven shoshi-ki machines.
- 扇子(せんす)・扇(おうぎ)とは、うちわと同じく自分の手で風を送るのに用いる道具であり、数本から数十本の細長い骨組みを束ねて端の一点(要=かなめ)で固定し、使用時には開いて可動できる。
- A Sensu or Ogi (folding fan) is an implement used to move air by hand like Uchiwa fans, and its frame is several dozens of wooden strips tied together with thread at their ends (kaname referred to as pivot), and when used, a Sensu or Ogi is widely unfolded and waved back and forth to create a cooling airflow.
- 一方、渋沢栄一のように「洗練された近代人」とされる人達の中でも社会貢献の重要性などにおいて、近代社会においてもなお儒教の道徳観が通用する部分もあることを唱えた者もいたが少数派に留まった。
- Meanwhile, there were some like Eichi SHIBUSAWA, who preached that even in modern society, and even for people who are considered 'sophisticated modern people,' Ju-kyo's moral values are valid in certain areas such as the importance of social contribution.
- 例えば『南方録』(南坊流)には台子五十飾とよばれる絵図があり、『和泉草』(石州流)には真行草に始まって全部で9段の台子飾り、『貞要集』(有楽流)には真行草と「乱置」の4種が示されている。
- For example, 'Nanbo Roku' (Nanbo Record) (Nanbo School) includes an illustration called the fifty ways of decorating daisu, and 'Izumiso' (Sekishu School) shows the nine steps of decoration which begin with shin, gyo, so (formal, semi-formal, informal), while 'Teiyoshu' (Uraku School) mentions four kinds of decoration, shin, gyo, so, and 'ranoki' (random placement).
- 1974年(昭和49年)に初めて鉄筋コンクリート建造物として重要文化財に指定されたのは旧山邑家住宅(ヨドコウ迎賓館・芦屋市、フランク・ロイド・ライト設計、1924年(大正13年)竣工)。
- The first ferroconcrete building to be called an important cultural property was the former Yamamura family house which was given that designation in 1974 (the Yodoko guest house, Ashiya City, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, completed in 1924).
- 京では、紙漉きそのものが、律令体制の緩みによる原料の調達難から衰退したのとは対照的に、紙の加工技術で高度な技術を開発して、和紙の加工技術センターとして重要な地位を占めるようになっていく。
- In contrast to the decline of paper making because of the difficulty of procuring raw materials caused by the weakening of the administration, Kyoto occupied an important position as the center for paper processing techniques by developing advanced technical skills for processing paper.
- 菊池市の菊池神社の秋の例祭でとりおこなわれる重要無形民俗文化財の「松囃子御能」は、室町時代の形態が良く保存されており、能観世流に伝わる松囃子と共通する部分があって深い関連が考えられている。
- Matsubayashi Onoh' (Noh - a Japanese drama and dance performance to cerebrate the new year), a significant intangible folk cultural asset performed in fall for an annual celebration at the Kikuchi-jinja Shrine located in Kikuchi City, has been well preserved as it is from the Muromachi period; as the 'Matsubayashi Onoh' has a part common to the Matsubayashi that has been passed down by Noh kanze-ryu school, it is believed that there is a strong relationship there between.
- 地産地消が求められる中、清酒酵母とともに、現地適応性を持った酒米の開発は、それぞれの地方自治体にとって地元産清酒の品質向上、ひいては地域経済活性化や地場産業建て直しの重要な鍵を握っている。
- Given the situation in which the local consumption of locally produced products is required, the development of sakamai having local adaptability (together with sake yeast) is an important key for the municipality with respect to improvement in the quality of locally produced sake as well as the vitality of the local economy and the reconstruction of local industries.
- 摺り足とは、足裏を舞台面につけて踵をあげることなくすべるように歩む独特の運歩法で(特にこれをハコビと称する)、これを円滑に行うためには膝を曲げ腰を入れて重心を落とした体勢をとる必要がある。
- The sliding feet is a peculiar stepping or way of walking where the soles are slipped along the stage surface without raising the heels (this is called hakobi in particular) and to do this smoothly, it is necessary to pose so the center of gravity is lowered by flexing one's knees and dropping one's waist.
- 2004年(平成16年)の文化財保護法改正により、国または地方公共団体の指定を受けていない記念物のうち、保存と活用が特に必要なものを登録記念物に登録できることになった(第132条第1項)。
- In accordance with the 2004 revision (Article 132, Clause 1) of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, a registration system was established for monuments that have not been designated by the nation or a local public entity but at the same time need necessary preservation and proper usage as registered monuments.
- 商家や寺社の配布用としての需要も急増し、裏面に名入れ、表面には商品や様々なメッセージが織り込まれ、その実用面に広告媒体としての意義が備わり、廉価性からマス・メディア媒体としての地位を築いた。
- With the dramatic increase of demand from merchants for Uchiwa fan to distribute, Uchiwa fan gradually became one of the significant advertising mediums by adding the name relating to the clients on the back side as well as image of their products and various messages on the front side, which was abetted by its low cost.
- 楽器間の関係は、曲によってほとんどユニゾンのものもあれば(歌がある場合はその方が良いことも多い)、器楽的要素が強い曲では各楽器が複雑にからみ合うよう作られているものが多い(特に三味線と箏)。
- In some tunes, all instruments are performed nearly in unison; This is better in most cases, if the instruments accompany a song, and in other tunes the different melodies of the instruments are interwoven when the tune has an instrumental flavor, especially when the tune is an ensemble of shamisen and koto.
- 「歴史資料の部」の重要文化財新規指定は1977年(昭和52年)に初めて行われ、この時は「長崎奉行所キリシタン関係資料」(東京国立博物館)と「春日版板木」(奈良市・興福寺)の2件が指定された。
- The first designation of an historical resource designated as an important cultural property occurred in 1977; at that time two cases were designated, namely 'Christian materials of the Nagasaki Magistrate Office' (Tokyo National Museum) and 'Printing block of a Kasuga print' (Kofuku-ji Temple, Nara City).
- 室内の間仕切りに襖障子が使用されているが、姫君の座している側にはかならず几帳が置かれ、個性を演出する織物が使用されていて、部屋をさらに細分化して使用するための重要な隔ての役割を演出している。
- While fusuma-shoji were used as partitions between rooms, kicho was inevitably placed and fabrics that provided stage effects to emphasize a woman's personality were used near the lady, and they played an important role to subdivide a room.
- また世阿弥の著述からは型への信仰は窺えないこと、重要なのは役者が自分の内面と身体の関係を自由にコントロールできる能力を身に付けることであり、型の学習のみではそれは不可能なことを指摘している。
- UMEWAKA also pointed out that in Zeami's writing, a belief in form is not mentioned, and the important thing is to acquire the ability for a performer to freely control the relationship between the inside and the body in which it is impossible to acquire by merely studying the form.
- 1953年、奄美諸島の日本返還に伴い日本の税法を適用するにあたり、黒糖酒は酒税法上「焼酎」として扱われず税率が高いことから、「焼酎」扱いを望む島民の要望もあり、取り扱いに関して議論がなされた。
- When the Amami island chain was returned to Japan in 1953 and Japan's tax law was applied, there occurred an argument about to treating kokutoshu as shochu by the people including the islanders, because it was not treated as shochu according to the tax law and therefore the tax rate was high.
- しかし国内のアーチェリー団体からの要請や、1967年の第24回世界選手権に出場した和弓選手の惨敗などを受けて、1968年にFITA加盟権を全日本アーチェリー連盟に移譲し、洋弓への関与を終えた。
- However, upon requests from domestic archery organizations, and due to the crushing defeat of the archers of Japanese bow who participated in the 24th world championship in 1967, they transferred the FITA membership to the All Japan Archery Federation in 1968 and ended their involvement in Yokyu.
- 2004年(平成16年)の文化財保護法改正により、国または地方公共団体の指定を受けていない有形の民俗文化財のうち保存と活用が特に必要なものを年中行事に登録できることになった(第90条第1項)。
- In accordance with the 2004 revision (Article 90, Clause 1) of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, a registration system was established for those tangible folk cultural properties that have not been designated by the nation or a local public entity but at the same time need necessary preservation and proper usage as annual events.
- そのシャーマニズムから祖先崇拝の要素を取り出して礼教化し、仁愛の理念をもって、当時、身分制秩序崩壊の社会混乱によって解体していた古代社会の道徳的・宗教的再編を試みたのが孔子であると主張している。
- She claimed that Koshi attempted to morally and religiously reorganize the ancient society, which was falling apart due to social disorder caused by collapse of public order based on the system of social status, by extracting the ancestor worship factor from shamanism and organizing it as Rei-kyo, and by embracing a philosophy of sympathy.
- 弟子の王畿はこれを発展させて心・意・知・物すべて無善無悪だとする四無説を主張したが、同門の銭徳洪は意・知・物については「善を為し悪を去る」自己修養が必要とした四有説を主張してこれに反対している。
- His disciple, O Ki, evolved this to preach shimu-setsu (four containing no-evil theory), which viewed the mind, wish, wisdom, and things as all being no good, no evil, but his colleague, Sen Tokuko, opposed this, advocating shiyu-setsu (four containing evil theory), which viewed that wish, wisdom, and things required self-training to 'be good and fight off evil.'
- 1996年には販売免許の要件が緩和され、「みりん小売業免許」を申請して免許が与えられれば、ビールやウイスキーなどの酒類を扱っていないスーパーや食料品店でも、みりん(本味醂)を扱えるようになった。
- In 1996, sales licensing requirements were relaxed, making it possible for supermarkets and grocery stores that did not sell alcoholic beverages such as beer and whiskey to sell mirin (hon mirin) by applying for a 'mirin retail license.'
- 弓矢の構造や効果(飛翔性)は、力学や放物線(微分・積分)という概念がない頃から世界各地おいて、それらについて試行錯誤されてきた道具であり、初期の機械工学の発展の要因(機械弓、カタパルト)である。
- The structure and effect (flying capability) of Yumiya has been developed by trial and error in various parts of the world since the period when the idea of dynamics and parabola (differential and integral calculus) were not created, which led to the development of early machine engineering by producing the machine bow and the catapult.
- 唐では長安の崇福寺を拠点に活動していたようで、唐滞在中に日本からの入唐僧理鏡や第十次遣唐使副使中臣名代らの要請により、チャンパ王国出身の僧仏哲・唐の僧道璿とともに736年(天平8年)に来日した。
- He preached mainly at Chongfu-si Temple of Changan in Tang, and during staying in China he was requested to visit Japan by a learned priest from Japan Rikyo and an assistant envoy of the tenth Kento-shi (a Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty China) NAKATOMI no Nashiro, then he came to Japan in 736 with a priest from Kingdom of Champa Buttetsu and a priest from Tang Dosen (Daoxuan).
- 「五灯録」と総称される、『景徳伝灯録』, 『天聖広灯録』『建中靖国続灯録』『宗門聨灯会要』『嘉泰普灯録』という5種の、皇帝の勅許によって入蔵を認められた灯史を総合する意味で編纂されたものである。
- Goto Egen was compiled to consolidate 5 different toshi collectively referred to as 'Gotoroku' including 'Keitoku Dentoroku,' 'Tensho Kotoroku,' 'Kenchu Keikoku Zokutoroku,' 'Shumon Rento Eyou' and 'Katai Futoroku' that had been accepted into the royal library by Imperial sanction.
- 間仕切りの必要から、柱は丸柱から角柱になり、これまで母屋(身屋:もや)と廂の柱間寸法に大小の別があったが、畳の普及に伴い次第に柱間一間は六・五尺に、応仁の乱以降建物全体を通じて統一されていった。
- The pillar changed from marubashira (a circular pillar or post) to kakubashira for partitioning, and the various dimensions of the bay in moya and hisashi had been integrated gradually into about 2 m in the building as a whole after the Onin War.
- この規定に基づき、地方公共団体(都道府県、区市町村)の多くがそれぞれ「文化財保護条例」等の名称の条例を制定し、国指定の文化財以外の重要な文化財について、教育委員会が指定等を行い保護を図っている。
- Based on this regulation, many local public entities (prefecture or municipality) enact respectively their own ordinances with names such as 'Ordinance for the Protection of Cultural Properties '; the Board of Education carries out the prefectural or municipal designations with an attempt to protect those important cultural properties other than the nation designated cultural properties.
- 商家においての伝承(=為政者の傘下に入らなかった・家内において伝承)という点は、この流派にとってスポンサーがいないことと第三者の干渉がなかったことを示し、独自独特の侘び茶観念を保つ要因となった。
- The point that this school has been handed down within the merchant family (which means this was not controlled by a statesman, and was handed down within the family) shows that this school had no sponsors, and is not interfered in by a third party, and is a cause for keeping a unique and distinctive view of wabicha (view of tea taste for the simple and quiet).
- 行政の要請に基づき組織化され、事業している場合、行政の観光政策の一環を担っているという使命感のあるうちはいいが、それが変質し、行政施策に「協力してやっている」という意識に変質していく恐れがある。
- Where volunteer groups are organized and operated based on the demands of administrative bodies, there are few problems as long as there is a sense of duty as being part of a tourism policy but there is a fear that this can change to an attitude of merely cooperating with the tourism policy.
- 桜の木は日本全国に広く見られその花は春の一時期にある地域で一斉に咲き、わずか2週間足らずという短い期間で散るため毎年人々に強い印象を残し、日本人の春に対する季節感を形成する重要な風物となっている。
- Cherry trees are seen all over Japan, and since cherry trees in the same region blossom at the same time during Spring and the flowers fall in a short time, often only lasting around two week, the cherry blossoms are very impressive and are seen as an important seasonal symbol for Japanese people and harbingers of Spring.
- 明治を迎えると、三方楽所の楽人は東京へ移り、江戸幕府の紅葉山楽人と合流して宮内省雅楽部に編成され、現在は宮内庁式部職楽部として活動しており、宮内庁式部職楽部の雅楽は重要無形文化財に指定されている。
- When the Meiji period started, gakunin of sanpogakuso moved to Tokyo and joined Momijiyama-gakunin of the Edo bakufu and they together were incorporated in the Gagaku Dept. of the Imperial Household Agency and, currently, the department holds its activities as the Court Ceremony Music Dept. of the Imperial Household Agency with its gagaku being designated as an important intangible cultural asset.
- 記録に海浜・荒磯・島など海景描写の多いことは日本庭園形成の基幹を位置付けるものとして重要で海からはるかに遠い山国にあっても海景とくに瀬戸内海の美しい風景はこのころから追憶、あこがれの対象であった。
- It is significant that there are many portrayals of sea scenery such as; the seashore, the rough shoreline, and an islan, in records to evaluate it as a nucleus to form Nihon teien, and even in mountainous areas far removed from the sea, ocean scenery, especially from that of the Seto Inland Sea, was an object of remembrance and adoration since that time.
- このようなメタファーを用いたのは、それが表現するものを不特定多数の人に伝える浄土式庭園や神仙などのような古来の思想を含んだ庭には表現すべきモデルとしての、人々が共有する景が必要であるからとされる。
- It is said the reason why they used these metaphors is that common scenery that people share was necessary for a Jodo style garden (a garden of the style of the Jodo sect of Buddhism) and Shinsen (the thought of immortality), gardens that relate thoughts from ancient times because these gardens need to communicate what they expressed as models, with a large number of the general public.
- 1曲は3~4分になるように調整されており、1曲目を気分よく歌ったあと、2曲目の途中で次のコインを投入する必要が出てくるため、客はついつい100円玉を景気よく使ってしまう……というパターンが生まれた。
- With each song arranged to last three to four minutes, after singing the first song on a good note, the customer had to insert another coin while he was singing the second song, and therefore he spent a lot of 100-yen coins without thinking... which became a typical pattern.
- ミカンからシネフリンを抽出しダイエット効果を謳ったサプリメントも市販されているが、シネフリンと刺激性物質(カフェインやカテキン等)を同時摂取した際の危険性も指摘されており、使用には注意が必要である。
- Although supplements of synephrine extracted from mikan are available on the market that promote dietary benefits, one should be careful as risks of synephrine when taking it at the same time with other irritants such as caffeine, or catechin and so on, are being pointed out.
- 後、春日大社の富田光美らが、巫女の神道における重要性を唱えて巫女舞の存続を訴えると同時に同社ゆかりの「八乙女」による舞をより洗練させて芸術性を高める事によって巫女及び巫女舞の復興に尽くしたのである。
- Mitsuyoshi TOMITA and others from Kasuga Taisha Shrine later appealed to the importance of shrine maidens in Shinto religion and pleaded for continuation of mikomai, and also contributed to the restoration of shrine maidens and mikomai by refining the original mikomai dance performed by 'Yaotome' to boost its artistic quality.
- アスラは今でこそ悪魔や魔神であるという位置づけだが、より古いヴェーダ時代においては、インドラらと対立する悪魔であるとされるよりは最高神的な位置づけであることのほうが多かったことに注意する必要がある。
- Though Asura is currently positioned as evil or a demon, it should be noted that it was often positioned as the highest-ranking deity rather than the evil conflicting with Indra and others in the older Veda period.
- 秦氏のような、技術者の基盤の上に製紙の国産化が行われ、山城国が製紙の先進技術を誇り、和紙の技術センターの役割を担ったが、紙の需要が高まるにつれ、原料の麻や楮(こうぞ)は地方に頼らざるを得なくなった。
- Based on the craftsmen like the Hata clan, domestic production of paper was promoted and Yamashiro Province taking pride in advanced techniques for paper making, played the role as the technical center of Japanese paper, and accordingly, with the increase of paper demand the supply of materials such as hemp and kozo came to depend on the provinces.
- お好み焼き専門店でも卓上にセルフサービス用のマヨネーズを置いている例が増えているが、現在も店舗によっては追加料金を必要とする場合もあり、この場合スティックタイプ個別包装のものが添えられる例が見られる。
- The shops that put self-service mayonnaise on the table have increased even in the okonomiyaki shops, but even now, depending upon the shops, it is sometimes necessary to pay an extra fee for it and in this case, for example, individually-packaged mayonnaise sticks are served.
- 昭和29年、萬福寺大法会において煎茶道諸流協賛茶会が開催されたことをきっかけに、再び煎茶道を統合する組織が必要であるという気運が高まり、昭和31年1月、全国の有力流派が集まり連盟が結成されたのである。
- In 1954, a Senchado tea party supported by various schools was held in the Daihoe (great Buddhist memorial service) in Manpuku-ji temple, which became the catalyst for increasing momentum toward the need of an organization uniting Senchado again, and in January 1956, popular schools all over the country gathered and founded the federation.
- 日本刀研磨は、他の刃物砥ぎと、かなり相異する点としては、刃物としての切れ味を前提としつつ、工芸品としての日本刀の美的要素を引き出す事を主眼としている点、刃部のみで無く、刀身全体に砥ぎを施す事等である。
- There is a big differences in polishing Japanese swords compared to other cutting tools; ensuring ornamental elements of a Japanese sword, as a craftwork, is focused on as well as assuming sharpness as a cutting tool, and the whole body, not just the blade part, is polished.
- 重要文化財(じゅうようぶんかざい)とは日本に所在する建造物、美術工芸品等の有形文化財のうち、文化史的・学術的に特に重要なものとして文化財保護法に基づき日本国政府(文部科学大臣)が指定した文化財を指す。
- Important cultural properties are tangible cultural heritage (such as constructions, buildings and the art craft articles) in Japan that are designated as being culturally, historically or academically important under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties by the Japanese government (or the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).
- 律令期に皇朝十二銭が発行された目的としては、唐の開元通宝を手本とし、貨幣制度を整えるため、また、平城京遷都に必要となる莫大な経費を、銅地金本来の価値と貨幣価値との差額で賄うためということが挙げられる。
- Kocho-Junisen are considered to have been issued for the purpose of setting Japan's currency system in order by modeling the example of the Kaigen-tsuho of the Tang dynasty of China and also for the purpose of raising funds to cover huge costs required for transferring the national capital to Heijo with margins of profit from the value of currency and the original value of copper material.
- ホットプレートなどを用いて家庭で作ることも出来るが、関西風お好み焼きが一般的な家庭料理として普及している関西と比べると、広島におけるお好み焼きは「プロが焼くもの」「専門店で食べるもの」という要素が強い。
- Okonomiyaki can be cooked on a hot plate in the household, however, compared to Kansaifu-okonomiyaki which is popular as a common home-cooked meal in the Kansai region, Hiroshimafu-okonomiyaki is oriented to be 'professionally cooked' or 'eaten in specialty shops.'
- 昭和初期において、学生の間で試合に勝つためだけの二刀流が横行し、団体戦において二刀流の剣士を防御一辺倒の引き分け要員とするなど姑息な手段が用いられたため、一部の学生の大会では二刀を禁止するようになった。
- In the early Showa period, Nito-ryu only for winning a match was widespread among students, who resorted to such underhanded measures that Nito-ryu contenders would, in a team competition, draw the match by only maintaining defense, so Nito (two swords) came to be prohibited in some student competitions.
- 師資相承(師匠から弟子へ仏法を伝える)を重視する禅宗では、師匠の法を嗣いだことを証明するために弟子に与える頂相(ちんぞう、禅僧の肖像)や禅宗の始祖・達磨をはじめとする祖師像などの絵画作品の需要があった。
- In the Zen sect which emphasized Shishi-sosho (generation-to-generation instruction from master to disciple) there was a demand for paintings such as Chinzo (portrait of Zen priest), which was given to a disciple in order to clarify his succession of the master's dharma, and Soshi-zo image including the founder of Zen sect, Dharma.
- (金春流の所演曲は五流のなかでももっとも少なく、大正末年の時点で153曲しかなかった。しかもこのなかには「姨捨」「砧」など多くの秘曲・人気曲が含まれておらず、この点が流勢低迷の要因の一ともなっていた。)
- (The number of Noh works performed by the Konparu school were the fewest among the five Noh schools, only 153 in the last year of the Taisho period. In addition, they did not include many secret or popular pieces such as 'Obasute' and 'Kinuta', and that was one of the chief causes of the school's difficulties.)
- 吉野家は牛丼の主原材料となる米国産牛肉の調達先開拓がすすみ、終日営業に必要な量の確保が可能となったことにより、全国の吉野家約1040店で牛丼の常時24時間販売を約4年1ヶ月ぶりに再開すると3月17日発表。
- On March 17, Yoshinoya announced to start round-the clock gyudon sales for the first time in four years and a month because it was successful to expand the supply source of US beef, a main ingredient of the gyudon, and became capable of securing the quantity of beef required for regularly offering 24-hours serving at about 1040 outlets nationwide..
- そのため、暴れる新成人に困ってはいるが、子どもの成人の記念に着物を着せたいという親からの要望や呉服業界からの要請もあって成人式を続けている自治体(例えば2000年の静岡市、2000年以降の那覇市)も多い。
- Therefore, although violent new adults are a headache, many autonomy bodies (such as Shizuoka City in 2000, and Naha City in and after 2000) continue holding the Seijin-shiki ceremony in response to parents' desire to dress their own children up with kimono in commemoration of entering adulthood, and at the request of mercery.
- 現在はキックボクシングの一種として”フルコンタクト・キックボクシング”という呼び名で知れ渡っており、競技として成熟しつつあるせいか、かつてのように必ずしも伝統的な空手のバックグラウンドは必要で無くなった。
- Currently, it is categorized as one variety of kickboxing and is widely known as 'full-contact kickboxing,' but a karate background isn't strictly required as it was before, partly because it has matured as a game.
- こういった笛は、竹紙を採取しなければならないこと、うまく調整して張る技術が必要とされること、破れやすいこと、乾湿により響きが変わることなど、手間がかかるものであるため現在は広く使用されているものではない。
- Presently, such flutes are not widely used because they require too much effort in that chikushi has to be collected, techniques for pasting chikushi to the flute by making appropriate adjustments have to be employed, chikushi breaks easily, and the sound produced by these flutes varies depending on the level of humidity.
- それぞれ射手の体格や身長から来る矢和弓の矢の長さに適した長さの弓を選ぶ必要があり、一般的には矢束85cm程度までは並寸、90cm程度までは伸び寸、95cm程度までは四寸伸び、80cm以下で七尺とされている。
- Wakyu bow length depends on the matching body composition and the height of the archer, and the average arrow length of up to 85 cm is determined to be Nami sun, up to 90 cm is Nobi sun, up to 95 cm was Yon sun nobi, and those shorter than 80cm is considered to be seven shaku.
- 実際に筋力・腕力に頼らず相手を制する技術は、とても高度で難しいものであるとが予想できるが、高度で難しい技術の習得には多くの時間を要することが通常であり、社会が護身術に期待する速習速成という要求に応えられない。
- It can be imagined that techniques by which to control the opponent without depending on muscular strength or force can be very advanced and difficult, but it's normal that advanced or difficult techniques will take considerable time to learn, and society's demand for quick training in a crash course in the art of self-defense can't be met.
- また、重要無形民俗文化財以外の無形の民俗文化財のうち、その記録を作成し、保存し、または公開するための措置を講ずるものを「記録作成等の措置を講ずべき無形の民俗文化財」として選択することができる(第87条第1項)。
- Among the intangible folk cultural properties other than the important intangible folk cultural properties, those that merit measures aimed at compiling, preserving or disclosing their recording documents are selected as 'intangible folk cultural properties that deserve measures for documentation' (Article 87, Clause 1).
- 特に希望すれば年末年始の休暇前にその時点までに届いた年賀状を受け取ることも可能であるが、郵便局に申請が必要である(企業などでは年明けの営業初日まで郵便局で預かってもらい、営業開始日以降に配達してもらうことも可能)。
- It's also possible to receive the nengajo, if it has arrived, before vacation as desired, but it requires an application to the post office (in the case of a corporation, it's possible to have the nengajo stored at the post office until the first business day and delivered no earlier than the first business day).
- 平安時代末期の藤原明衡の著である『新猿楽記』には、巫女に必要な4要素として「占い・神遊・寄絃・口寄」が挙げられており、彼が実際に目撃したという巫女の神遊(神楽)はまさしく神と舞い遊ぶ仙人のようだったと、記している。
- According to the 'Shin-sarugoki' (a textbook written about lives and cultures of the people of Kyoto in the Heian period) by FUJIWARA no Akihira in the late Heian period, the four elements shrine maidens were required to master were the abilities of uranai (fortune-telling,) kami-asobi (playing music and dancing in front of gods,) yotsura (beating out strings of Japanese bows as a ritual to ward off evil spirits) and kuchiyose (mediumship or technique to communicate with spirits), and in this book Akihira described his actual experience of witnessing a shrine maiden playing kami-asobi (Kagura), which to him appeared as if an immortal mountain wizard was enjoying dancing with a god.
- 'Shin sarugoki,' written by FUJIWARA no Akihira at the end of the Heian period, lists four abilities required of miko: foretelling, kamiasobi (kagura), yotsura (playing Japanese harp) and kuchiyose (invocation); the author who saw kamiasobi wrote that it was 'like angels dancing with gods.'
- 一方で、古来から続く弓道、弓術流派は自身の発展の土台(「騎射」「歩射」「堂射」の内のどれか)を重要視、または流祖の教え、古流の保存など、それぞれの目的に合わせ一貫した技術・教えにより古来からの伝統を受け継いでいる。
- Meanwhile, the Kyudo and Kyujutsu schools continuing from ancient times either value the foundation (either Kisha, Busha or Dosha) of their development or assume the ancient tradition through consistent techniques and teachings that meet the different purposes by preserving the teachings of the ryuso (a founder of a school, an originator), traditional schools, etc.
- 未選別の中間加工品、茎・芽・硬葉等を含んだ茶葉(生葉)を蒸熱、揉み操作、乾燥等の加工処理を経て製造され仕上げ茶として再製する以前のいわゆる荒茶をそのまま販売する際に「青柳」と称する場合もあるので区別の必要なことがある。
- Sometimes, so-called Aracha (unsorted green tea) is sold as 'Aoyagi', it is necessary to make a distinction between such unfinished tea and refined Aoyagicha, which should be prepared by steaming, crumpling or drying, unpicked, half-finished products, or tea leaves (raw tea leaves) including stems, buds, and hard leaves,
- 四度加行を行う過程で、加行を行うための作法で必要とされる事相の伝授が適宜、行われるが、伝法灌頂を受けていないと伝授出来ない行法(修法)があるため、事相の一流伝授を受けるためには伝法灌頂を受けていることが必須条件である。
- In the process of Shidokegyo, although the practical training, which is necessary as a manner for Kegyo is taught, denpo-kanjo is essential for undergoing Ichiryu-denju (initiation of practical training in the Shingon sect) because denpo-kanjo is necessary to receive training in the discipline.
- 1927年に地方競馬規則が公布され、公認競馬以外の競馬が地方競馬として行われるようになって以降は、同法が施設や主催者など競馬開催のための要件を細かく規定していたために、近代競馬形式による祭典競馬は次第に姿を消していった。
- After 1927 when the Rules Related to Regional Horse Racing were promulgated, races other than those officially sanctioned were treated as local horse races, and modern-style saiten keiba gradually disappeared because the Rules stipulated the required conditions regarding the facilities and organizer in detail.
- 堀口は明治大学建築学科での造園論の講義の中で、日本庭園の起源としての自らの庭園観を披露しているが、このとき従来の庭園イメージとは異なる庭園について述べるといって、3つの要素、古代の古墳、厳島神社、皇居の堀端を上げている。
- In the lecture of the theory of landscape gardening at the Department of Architecture at Meiji University, Horiguchi stated his view on gardening as an origin of Nihon teien, reciting three examples that differ from the traditional image of gardening such as an old burial mound in ancient times, the Itsukushima-jinja Shrine and the moat embankment of the Imperial Palace.
- ホットプレートなどの普及で、お好み焼きが家庭でも広く一般化し、高度な調理技術を要求されないこともあり、店側の焼き方にとらわれず自由に焼き具合や調味加減ができる面白さも手伝って、カップルや学生、団体客などの需要に受けている。
- With the popularization of electric hot plates, okonomiyaki has widely become common in households because it does not require high cooking skills, can be freely grilled and seasoned as one likes, not having to stick to the way the shops grill the food, and so the demand from couples, students, group customers is high.
- そのために、音色の繊細さや演奏の容易さ、楽器自体の手触りなどの要素を犠牲にしても大きな音が出るような改良がなされ(ヴァイオリン、フルートなど)、それに向かなかった楽器(ヴィオール属、リュート、リコーダーなど)が淘汰された。
- Consequently, some musical instruments (violins and flutes, for example) have been improved to provide higher sound levels at the cost of other features such as delicacy of tone, ease of playing, a pleasant touch, etc., and the other instruments (viols, lutes, recorders, etc.) that weren't suitable for this adaptation have disappeared.
- それまで語りの伴奏として用いられてきた琵琶に器楽的要素を大きく取り入れ、語りを伴わない琵琶演奏、西洋楽器やこれまで協奏することの無かった他の和楽器との合奏、また錦心流を基礎とした琵琶歌の改良、など斬新なアプローチを行った。
- He took in the instrumental elements into biwa that had been used as accompaniment to narration and made fresh approaches such as biwa performances without narration, ensemble with Western musical instruments and other traditional Japanese musical instruments that had never been played with, or refinement of the Biwa uta based on the Kinshin-ryu.
- 1996年(平成8年)の文化財保護法改正により、主に近代化遺産を保護する目的から、国または地方公共団体の指定を受けていない有形文化財のうち、保存と活用が特に必要なものを登録有形文化財に登録する制度が創設された(第57条)。
- In 1996, according to the revision (Article 57) of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, a registration system was established for those whose tangible cultural properties have not been designated by the nation or a local public entity but at the same time need necessary preservation and proper usage; this revision was mainly aimed at protecting heritages from modernization.
- 延寿の主著が、本書であり、禅をはじめとして、唯識・華厳・天台の各宗派の主体となる著作より、その要文を抜粋しながら、各宗の学僧によって相互に質疑応答を展開させ、最終的には「心宗」によってその統合をはかるという構成になっている。
- This book was the main literary work of Enju written in the format in which learned priests of various sects interactively exchanged questions and answers extracted from the key sentences of literary works that were the gist of the teachings of various sects such as Yuishiki, Kegon and Tendai in addition to Zen but, ultimately, those different views were consolidated under the principles of 'Shinshu' (another term for the Zen Sect).
- 清酒10ミリリットルを酸度の場合と同様に10分の1規定水酸化ナトリウムで中和した後,中性ホルマリン液を5ミリリットル加え再度10分の1規定水酸化ナトリウムで中和したのに要した滴定ミリリットル数のこと(ホルモール法による測定)。
- Same as in the case of acid level, amino acid level is defined as the number of milliliters of 1/10 normal solution of sodium hydrate that is required for disacidifying 10 milliliters of sake after disacidifying 10 milliliters of sake with 1/10 normal sodium hydrate and adding 5 milliliter of neutral formalin (measurement by formol titration).
- 1974年(昭和49年)日本芸術院賞、1975年(昭和50年)重要無形文化財(人間国宝)、1976年(昭和51年)日本芸術院会員、1978年(昭和53年)文化功労者、1980年(昭和55年)NHK放送文化賞、などを授与された。
- He received numerous honors including the Japan Art Academy Award in 1974, designation as an Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure) in 1975, being made a member of the Japan Art Academy in 1976, designation as a Person of Cultural Merit in 1978, and the NHK Broadcasting Culture Award in 1980.
- 酵母にはグルコースをアルコールに変える働き、すなわち発酵作用があるものの、酒蔵で扱うような大量の米を発酵させるためには、微生物である酵母が一匹や二匹ではまったく不十分で、米の量に見合っただけの何百億、何千億匹もの酵母が必要となる。
- Although yeast has the function to change glucose into alcohol (namely, the action of fermentation), in order to make rice ferment in such large amounts that are handled in a brewery, one or two yeasts, that are microorganisms, are quite insufficient and yeasts in the order of several tens or hundreds of billions are required corresponding to the amount of rice.
- とりわけ味噌汁は、主食を食べるに際しての食欲増進の役割をおかずと共に果たすと同時に、味噌に含まれる大豆の蛋白質は、かつての低蛋白の日本食における主要な蛋白源であったし、労働で汗とともに消耗する塩分の補給に大きな役割を果たしていた。
- With staple food, miso soup especially enhanced the appetite together with side dishes and soya beans in miso, a major source of protein when Japanese food was lacking in protein and this also helped to restore salt lost from sweating doing physical labor.
- また彼らは文学史上、古文復興運動の担い手であるが、古文運動家のいわゆる「文」とは「載道」(道を載せる)の道具であり、文章の字面ではなく、そこに込められた道徳的な精神こそが重要であるとして経文の一字一句にこだわる注疏の学をも批判した。
- They were leaders of an old text revival movement in terms of the history of literature, and they criticized the annotation and interpretation learning, that fixated, word for word, on the sacred literature telling religious teachings, claiming that the so-called 'text' for old text activists was a tool for 'loading Tao,' and that it was not the appearance of the sentences, but the moral spirit placed in it that was important.
- 武徳会が政府の外郭団体として再出発する際に再度射型改善の声が上がり、昭和19年(1944年)に「弓道教範制定委員会」の手によって「弓道教範」が作成され、、「弓道要則」の射法と、従来の正面・斜面の射法を併せて認めるに至り終戦を迎える。
- When the Butoku-kai was reorganized as an affiliate company of government, the idea to improve the shooting style was proposed again, so that in 1944 'Kyudo-Kyohan (teaching method of Kyudo)' was edited by 'Kyudo-Kyohan Seitei Iinkai (committee to establish Kyudo-Kyohan),' in which both of the shooting style of 'Kyudo-yosoku' and the existing shooting style of front and skew were admitted before the end of the World War II.
- 被害の対策に当たっては、当該団体と対立関係にある宗教宗派に頼ることは避ける(対立関係にある宗教であることを隠した「被害者の会」(例として日蓮正宗主導の創価学会被害者の会や創価学会主導の顕正会被害者の会)が存在するため、注意を要する)。
- In case of asking help for the damage suffered, avoid depending on the religious sect which is opposed to the organization in question (as you should be cautious because there exists 'Victims' Group' which is hiding its religion placed in the opposing relationship, [whose examples are the Soka Gakkai victims' group led by Nichiren Shoshu sect and the Kensho-kai victims' group led by Soka Gakkai]).
- 法要中は、釈迦が娑羅双樹の下で涅槃に入った際の、頭を北にして西を向き右脇を下にした姿で臥し、周囲に十大弟子を始め諸菩薩、天部や獣畜、虫類などまでが嘆き悲しむさまを描いた仏涅槃図(涅槃図)を掲げ、『仏遺教経』を読誦することとなっている。
- During the service, a Butsu Nehan-zu (painting of Buddha nirvana), depicting Shakamuni entering Nirvana under a sal tree, lying with his head pointing to the north, and his face facing to the west, surronded by ten great disciples, a group of Bosatsu (Bodhisattva), Tenbu (deities who reside in a heavenly realm, one of six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another), animals and insects all lamenting his death, is hung, and 'Butsuyuikyogyo' (Mahayana Buddhist scripture) is chanted.
- しかし、美術史で「水墨画」という場合には、単に墨一色で描かれた絵画ということではなく、墨色の濃淡、にじみ、かすれ、などを表現の要素とした中国風の描法によるものを指し、日本の作品については、おおむね鎌倉時代以降のものを指すのが通常である。
- However, in art history, 'Suigoku-ga' refers not only to paintings in one color with Sumi, but also in Chinese style that include contrasting density, bleeding, and thin spots, and as to the paintings in Japan, it usually refers to those produced after the Kamakura Period.
- さらに、市川猿之助 (3代目)は復活狂言を精力的に上演し、その中では一時的には蔑まれたケレンの要素を存分に復活させた(猿之助は、さらなる演劇形式としての歌舞伎を模索しスーパー歌舞伎と呼ばれる、より大胆な演出を強調した歌舞伎にも挑戦した)。
- And moreover, the third 'Ennosuke ICHIKAWA' energetically performed revived Kyogen, into which he fully reintroduced the factors of Keren that were once despised; Ennosuke sought to improve Kabuki as the theater, so he tried a much more boldly staged Kabuki, called Super Kabuki.
- (財団法人大学コンソーシアム京都の加盟大学に所属している必要はないが、実行委員に応募する資格に「大学・大学院・短期大学・専修学校に通う18歳以上の学生であること」という規定があるため、高校生以下は所属することができない。※過去に例外あり)
- (Members of the Executive Committee do not have to be formal students in a member university of the Consortium of Universities in Kyoto Foundation, but there is a provision that 'students who are 18 or older and belong to a university, graduate school, two-year college and special course school are eligible to apply for Executive Committee membership', while students under 18 are not allowed to join the committee. There was an exception in the past.)
- 駅前や商店街などであり、商店街においてはアーケードを持つ商店街は露天商にとってうってつけの場所であったが、近年では薄暗い雰囲気や古臭いと言ったイメージ、メンテナンス費用の負担などから撤去される傾向がありこの様な事情も露天商の衰退の要因であろう。
- Among shopping areas those with arcades were perfect locations for rotensho, but in recent years these have tended to have been removed due to their image such as having a dark atmosphere and being old-fashioned, as well as with their high maintenance costs, and these conditions are among the causes of the decline in rotensho.
- 「奥絵師」と呼ばれる、もっとも格式の高い4家を筆頭に、それに次いで格式の高い「表絵師」が約15家あり、その下には公儀や寺社の画事ではなく、一般町人の需要に応える「町狩野」が位置するというように、明確に格付けがされ、その影響力は日本全国に及んでいた。
- They are clearly ranked: under the most prestigious four families (called 'inner court painters') there are about 15 families less prestigious called 'outer court painters' and then the 'Machi Kano painters' who catered to the demands of townspeople instead of the Imperial Court or temples and shrines; and consequently their influence spread throughout the nation.
- 東大寺大仏殿の虹梁は、柱の間隔7.7メートル(2丈5尺4寸)の3倍すなわち23.1メートルの長さを持ち、3020トンの屋根を支える必要があることから、長さ23.6メートル(13間)、直径1メートル(3尺)で強度があり耐久性の高いアカマツが求められた。
- Strong and highly durable Japanese red pines, each of which was 23.6 meter-long and the diameter of which was one meter-long, were necessary; Koryo of Daibutsu-den Hall of Todai-ji Temple were to be 23.1 meter, three times as long as the space between two pillars, which was 7,7 meters; the roof was to be 3020 tons.
- 民家の重要文化財指定に際して「土地」を併せて指定するということには民家の母屋のみならず、門、塀、蔵、井戸、祠等の付属建物、石垣、水路、庭園、堀等の工作物、さらには宅地、山林などを併せて指定することによって、屋敷構え全体の保存を図ろうとする意図がある。
- In fact, the designation of a private house as an important cultural property together with the land implies the intent to preserve the entire residence for posterity, thus encompassing not only the private house main building but also the attached construction such as the gate, fence, warehouse, well, shrine, structures such as stone walls, the waterway, garden, and moat, housing lot, forest, etc.
- 一例として、仙台市博物館保管の「慶長遣欧使節関係資料」は1966年(昭和41年)に「絵画の部」の重要文化財に指定されていたが上述の文化財保護法改正に伴って「歴史資料の部」に移され、2001年(平成13年)に歴史資料としては最初の国宝指定を受けている。
- As one example, 'materials related to the mission to Europe in the Keicho era,' kept at the Sendai City Museum, was designated as an important cultural property in the paintings section in 1966, but with the above-mentioned revision of the Law for the Protection for Cultural Properties it was moved to the historical resources section; in 2001, it became the first historical resource to be designated as a national treasure.
- またここで記されている「枯山水」は庭園のなかの1区画に置く石、景石の置き方の様式を指していると考えられ、これを「平安時代式枯山水」「前期式枯山水」と呼び後世の「平庭枯山水」と別のものと把握しようとする意見と、同じ流れであり分ける必要はないとする意見がある。
- It is thought that 'karesansui' written here refers to the style of how to put the stones or ornamental garden rocks in the corner of a garden, which is called 'the Heian period style of dry landscape' or 'the early style of dry landscape' as to distinguish it from the 'Hiraniwa karesansui' (a style of dry landscape in a flat Japanese garden without hills), at the same time, there is the opinion that there is no need to distinguish them because they are all the same style.
- また、愛媛県と広島県の主要JR駅(松山駅、広島駅)や両県の船舶の港である松山観光港、広島港(宇品港)では、常温でもある程度まで保存可能なお土産用お好み焼きも販売されていて、観光客やビジネスマンに「買った後冷凍せねばならないと言う心配がなくて良い」と好評である。
- And at the major JR stations (Matsuyama Station and Hiroshima Station) in Ehime Prefecture and Hiroshima Prefecture and at Matsuyama Kanko Port and Hiroshima Port (Ujina Port) which are the ports for ships of both prefectures, okonomiyaki for souvenirs, that can be stored to some degree even at normal temperature, is also sold and is popular among tourists and businessmen, who say 'after buying it, it is not necessary to worry that it must be frozen.'
- お寺の花まつり(誕生会、灌仏会、釈尊の誕生日)や観世音菩薩、不動明王、等の縁日、法然、日蓮、等の宗祖の命日(お会式)、本堂落慶法要や晋山式といった、数十年~数百年に一度の大法会に行われる他、神社の祭りにも巫女と共に登場、また、時代行列の中で登場する場合もある。
- They appear not only in the shrine festivals accompanied by a shrine maiden and a historic pageant, but also in a flower festival at a temple (birthday ceremony, kanbutsue (the Buddha's birthday festival), Shakyamuni's birthday ceremony), days consecrated to the Bodhisattva of Compassion and Fudo Myoo, the anniversary of the death (memorial service) of the founders, such as Honen and Nichiren, grand Buddhist memorial services held once in decades or hundreds of years such as a celebration of completion of a main hall or the inauguration ceremony for the head priest of a temple.
- 和琴とは別に、奈良時代に渡来した「琴」(きんのこと)は中国宮廷内の祭祀にまつわる楽器として、弦楽器(古代日本では、人間が息を吹き込まねば演奏できない管楽器よりも高尚なものとされた。当時弦楽器はすべて「○○のこと」と呼び習わされる)の中でも重要視されていたらしい。
- Apart from 和琴 (Wagon), 'Kin (琴) no Koto,' which was also introduced in the Nara period, was apparently regarded as an important stringed instrument because it related to the religious services of the Chinese court: stringed instruments, all of which were called 'OO no Koto' in those days, were regarded as superior to wind instruments, because wind instruments would not make sound unless human beings breathed into them.
- 地方公共団体は、条例の定めるところにより、重要文化財、重要無形文化財、重要有形民俗文化財、重要無形民俗文化財及び史跡名勝天然記念物以外の文化財で当該地方公共団体の区域内に存するもののうち重要なものを指定して、その保存及び活用のため必要な措置を講ずることができる。
- Apart from the 'important cultural properties,' 'important intangible cultural properties,' 'important tangible folk cultural properties,' 'important intangible folk cultural properties' and 'historic spots, places of natural scenery, natural monuments,' a local public entity can designate the important ones among the cultural properties within its territory so as to legislate on behalf of the necessary preservation measures and their proper usage.
- 昭和9年(1934年)頃に発行された越前襖紙の見本帳には、有馬紙。東風紙・すみれ紙・飛雲紙・飛龍紙・七夕紙・野分紙そのほか大正水玉紙・霜降紙・大麗紙・大典紙・金潜紙・銀潜紙・落花紙などの多彩な紙名が見えるが、このなかの主要なものは、岩野平三郎が考案したものである。
- In the sample book of Echizen fusuma paper published around 1934, there are various names of paper such as Taisho mizutama-shi (Taisho waterdrop paper), shimofuri-shi (pepper and salt paper), tairei-shi (paper of a extreme beauty) (大麗紙), taiten-shi (paper of a great ceremony), kinsen-shi (paper with gold in hiding), ginsen-shi (paper with silver in hiding) and rakka-shi (paper of falling cherry-blossom petals) (落花紙) other than arima-shi (fusuma paper including buckwheat chaff), tofu-shi (paper of east wind) (東風紙), sumire-shi (paper of a violet) (すみれ紙), tobikumo-gami (indigo-blue and purple fiber-included paper which looks like flying clouds), hiryu-shi (paper of a flying dragon) (飛龍紙), tanabata-gami (paper of the Star Festival) (七夕紙), nowaki-gami (paper of a storm), and the major papers among these were invented by Heizaburo IWANO.
- そのガイド組織が地域活性化のために価値ある存在で、かつ利用客や旅行会社の経済的負担を仰げないのならば、地元自治体や観光事業者及びその団体が当該組織に対価を支払うべきであり、ガイド組織自身もその受け皿としての機能を有した組織に生まれ変わる必要があるのではなかろうか。
- A volunteer guide organizations are valuable entities for local revitalization and also do not require the financial support of customers and travel agencies, local public bodies as well as tourism industry workers and related groups should be expected to make the appropriate payments while it is also necessary for guide organizations to transform themselves into the recipients of such payment.
- また、仮に需要があったとしてもそもそも銅の生産量が絶対的に少なかった当時の日本では実物貨幣に代わるだけの銅銭の製造は始めから困難であった(銅鉱の発見を機に元号を「和銅」と改めてしまう程当時銅は貴重であり、また後述のように時代が下るにつれて急速に品質が悪化している)。
- Also, even if there had been enough demand, the volume of copper production had been absolutely small, which made it impossible, from the beginning, to supply sufficient copper coins and substitute material money then-current in Japan (copper was so precious then in Japan that its era was renamed 'Wado (literally, Japanese copper),' upon discovery of copper ore mines, and, as described afterward, the quality of copper coins had rapidly deteriorated as time went on.)
- 仏教史的な観念からすれば、本来は1.のみが「一向宗」の正しい定義であるとも考えらるが、実際には戦国時代_(日本)の一向一揆の印象や江戸幕府による1.の強制統合(「一向宗」の使用禁止)と2.の強制改名(「一向宗」の使用強要)に伴い、今日では2.のみを指すのが一般的である。
- From the viewpoint of Buddhist history, the first definition is considered the only correct definition of 'Ikkoshu'; in practice, however, as with the impression of the Ikko ikki uprising during the Sengoku period (period of warring states) and forcible integration (the ban on using the name 'Ikkoshu') by the Edo bakufu, as in the first definition, and the forcible renaming of the Jodo Shinshu sect (forcing the Jodo Shinshu sect to use the name 'Ikkoshu') by the Edo bakufu, as in the second definition, the second definition is now generally adopted.
- 建築から外部空間の問題は近代期の日本においては逆説的とされるが、これは日本の伝統的な建築的風土は外部空間を自明なものとして現前させてきているからで、近代建築のように様式という縛りがなくなり、すべての空間構成要素は等価となり、べつの空間構成言語として外部空間は意識される。
- Although the problem of connecting between a building and external space is thought to be paradoxical in modern day Japan, it is because external space is self-evident in the Japanese construction environment and has opened up before our eyes, and there are no ties of form in modern day construction and each component of space becomes equivalent, thus outer space is being conscious of as a different form of space composition language.
- 現在ある、各地の萬歳には継承者を捜し出して復興させたものが多いが、成立時期が古いとされる三河萬歳(愛知県安城市・西尾市など)と越前萬歳(福井県越前市)が1995年(平成7年)に、尾張萬歳(愛知県知多市)が1996年(平成8年)にそれぞれ国の重要無形民俗文化財に指定された。
- Many of the existing manzai in each place across Japan have found successors and been revived, but Mikawa-manzai (Anjo City, Nishio City and so on in Aichi Prefecture) and Echizen-manzai (Echizen city in Fukui Prefecture), whose time of formation is said to have been old, were designated as the nation's significant intangible folklore cultural assets in 1995, and so was Owari-manzai (Chita City in Aichi Prefecture) in 1996.
- 唐文化の影響を受け、「台盤」と呼ばれるテーブルに全料理を載せたり、「唐菓子」など渡来の料理も添えられるなどの献立の多さもさることながら、食べる側にも食べ物の種類ごとに細かい作法が要求されたことが『内外抄』や『古事談』の記述から分かり、現代人から見ると大変堅苦しい物だったようである。
- According to 'Naigai Sho' (selection from inside and outside the country) and 'Kojidan' (Tales About the Past), influenced by Chinese culture, all dishes placed on the table were called 'daiban' and there was an extensive menu including garnished foods introduced from foreign countries such as 'togashi' (Chinese cake), and which also required complicated table manners, and from today's point of view, it seems to have been a very stiff and formal style of eating.
- 家紋としてよく見られる五三桐やそれにまるで囲ったものは、太閤記や伝承などで農民出身とされている豊臣秀吉が用いたことから「家紋のないほどの一般庶民がなんらかの事情で家紋を必要とする場合(紋付袴の着用等)に用いる家紋」としても使用され、上流階級とは逆の理由で庶民の間で一般的に流布した。
- The popular Kamon, Gosan no kiri and circled Gosan no kiri, was 'the Kamon used when a common person with no Kamon required one (e.g., wearing hakama (a divided skirt) with Kamon)),' an example of this is Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who was regarded to have peasant roots in Taiko-ki and according to tradition, and this spread generally by reverse reasoning to that of the higher class.
- 「明太子」という言葉は、現在、全国的に見れば「辛子明太子」の事を指す言葉として使われる場合が多いが、「辛子明太子」の本場福岡県をはじめとした西日本の一部地域ではトウガラシを使わない、本稿で説明している「たらこ」を示す言葉として、辛子明太子とは明確に使い分けられるため注意が必要である。
- Today the word 'mentaiko' is used to mean 'karashi-mentaiko' in most parts of Japan, but the word is tricky to use in that in some parts of western Japan such as Fukuoka Prefecture, the home of karashi-mentaiko, the word is used to mean 'tarako' without being marinated with hot pepper sauce, which is explained above in this article, and we need to pay attention since the word is clearly distinguished from the word 'karashi-mentaiko.'
- 一般的には数件の店が一つのグループを作り、地方の縁日などを回っているが、都心の古くからある地域では一と六、二と八、三と七、五と十(四と九は縁起が悪いのと休みは的屋にも必要)の付く日で縁日を主要な町々で分けており、夏場や正月や花見など年中行事以外の限られた日数だけ地方に赴く団体もある。
- Usually, several shops form a group and travel around local fairs but, in old towns in urban areas, some groups do business at the festivals which held in the main towns at the fair dividing on days which there is a one and six, two and eight, three and seven, and five and ten (four and nine are considered unlucky so even tekiya close on those days), and some only travel to irregular, limited-period fairs other than annual events, such as summer festivals, New Years or cherry blossom viewing festivals.
- 実際、ご当地ラーメンには、神戸ラーメンや浪花ラーメンのように、実体はないのに言葉だけが一人歩きしているものや、札幌ラーメンや函館ラーメンのようにすでに形骸しているものも多くあり、それらと比較すれば、「京都ラーメン」は、確かな実体もあり、はるかにご当地ラーメンの要件を満たしていると言える。
- In fact, not a few local ramen have become famous without actual forms (like Kobe ramen and Naniwa ramen) or have already become a mere name (like Sapporo ramen and Hakodate ramen); compared with them, 'Kyoto ramen' has an evident entity and satisfies requirements as the local ramen much more.
- また2006年(平成18年)、原爆犠牲者を弔い世界平和を祈念するための教会堂世界平和記念聖堂(村野藤吾設計、1954年(昭和29年)8月竣工)と広島平和記念公園の中心施設広島平和記念資料館(丹下健三設計、1955年(昭和30年)8月開館)が、戦後建築としては初めての重要文化財指定となった。
- Moreover, in 2006 the Memorial Cathedral for World Peace (designed by Togo MURANO, completed in August 1954), which is for holding funerals for victims of the atomic bomb and praying for global peace, and the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum (designed by Kenzo TANGE and opened in August 1955), which is a central facility in Hiroshima Peace Park, were the first postwar buildings designated as important cultural properties.
- 祇園甲部歌舞練場、京都府立芸術会館などで、「京舞篠塚流の会」を開催したり、 重要文化財・芦花浅水荘、京都市指定有形文化財・野口邸、同じく杉本邸などで「座敷で見る京舞」を開催するなど、流派の発展に尽力するかたわら、重文・京都島原角屋で『島原三番艘』を披露するなど文化面での活動にも余念がない。
- While school members hold events such as 'The gathering of Kyomai Shinozuka school' at Gion Kobu Kaburenjo Theater and Kyoto Prefectural Art Center, etc., and 'The gathering to appreciate Kyo dance in a tatami room' at Rokasensui-sho Manor (Important Cultural Property) and at Noguchi-tei Estate and Sugimoto-tei Estate (Tangible Cultural Asset Designated by Kyoto City) to develop their own school, they also devoted themselves in playing an active role in the cultural field by presenting classical 'Shimabara san banso' (Shimabara third boat) at Kyoto Shimabara Sumiya (Important Cultural Property).
- 南北朝時代 (日本)から室町初期に完成した『庭訓往来』には、「城下に招き居えべき輩」として多くの商人、職人の名を列挙しており、襖障子に関係するものとして唐紙師、経師、紙漉き、塗師、金銀細工師などが挙げられており、襖建具が分業化された職人を必要とするほどに、武士階級に相当普及していた事とが知れる。
- In the 'Teikin-orai' (Epistolary for Home Instruction) completed from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Muromachi period, many names of merchants and workmen are described as 'people who should stay in the castle town' including masters of fusuma-shoji such as kami-shi, kyo-ji, paper making, craftsmen of lacquer ware and handiworks, and craftsmen of gold and silver handiworks, which shows that fusuma-shoji was widespread in the samurai class and they required specialized craftsmen.
- しかしその一方で、一部の刀匠を除き多くの刀匠は本業(刀鍛冶)だけでは当たり前ながら作刀需要が少ない為生活が難しく、かと言っては上述の本数制限もあり無銘刀は作刀出来ず、武道家向けに数を多く安く作りその分稼ぐという事も出来無い為、他の伝統工芸の職人と同じく数々の問題を抱えているという事も理解しなくてはならない。
- On the other hand, however, most sword craft masters except some, naturally have difficulty making a living only by making swords due to the little demand for the creation of swords, but they are not allowed to make anepigraphic swords due to the restriction of sword numbers described above, so they cannot make lots of cheap swords for martial artists to earn money, and we must understand that they have various problems like other craftsmen have that are involved in traditional handicrafts.
- 本来の「戦いの武器としての日本刀」という観点では、各特殊軍刀々身は近代技術を取り入れらて完成された日本刀となり、肝心の実用性に於いては究められたものの、見た目の美的要素は皆無な物が多く(関の半鍛錬昭和刀の様に双方を兼ね備えた物もある)、今日では製造方法の上からも、日本刀の範疇には含まれない事にはなっている。
- From the original viewpoint of 'Japanese swords as weapons to fight with,' each of the special blades became a perfect Japanese sword using modern technology and had an essential practical utility, but most of them have no taste of beauty in appearance (some swords including semi-forged Showa Swords of Seki have both), so, today, they are not supposed to be included together with Japanese swords, also from the standpoint of the production method.
- 例年、コンサートを要約したテレビ番組を毎日放送(MBS)をキー局に東京放送(TBS)・北海道放送(HBC)・中部日本放送(CBC)・RKB毎日放送(RKB)の計5局(JNN基幹局)ネットで一斉放送していたが、2007年の「鹿苑寺音舞台」からはJapan News Network系列28局での全国ネットとして放送された。
- Each year, a summarized version of the event used to be simultaneously televised by the main station Mainichi Broadcasting System (MBS) and the network of additional 5 stations (the key JNN stations) including Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS), Hokkaido Broadcasting (HBC), Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting (CBC) and RKB Mainichi Broadcasting Corporation (RKB) but starting with 'Rokuon-ji Temple Oto-Butai' in 2007, it has been broadcasted by the nationwide network of 28 Japan News Network affiliated stations.
- 文化財保護法では「文化財」を「有形文化財」「無形文化財」「民俗文化財」「記念物(史跡、名勝、天然記念物)」「文化的景観」「伝統的建造物群」の6つのカテゴリーに分類している(同法第2条第1項)が、このうちの「有形文化財」に該当するもので、国(文部科学大臣)によって指定されたものを「重要文化財」と呼称している(同法第27条第1項)。
- Under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (Ordinance 2, Clause 1), 'cultural properties' are classified into six categories: 'tangible cultural properties,' 'intangible cultural properties,' 'folk cultural properties,' 'monuments (historical sites, places of scenic beauty and natural monuments,' 'cultural scenery' and 'classic architecture'; among them, 'tangible cultural properties' are designated by the nation (or the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) as 'important cultural properties' (under Ordinance 27, Clause 1 of the same law).
- シテ方は観世流、宝生流、金春流、金剛流、喜多流、ワキ方は高安流、福王流、宝生流、笛方は一噌流、森田流、藤田流、小鼓方は幸流、幸清流、大倉流、観世流、大鼓方は葛野流、高安流、石井流、大倉流、観世流、太鼓方は観世流、金春流、狂言方は大蔵流、和泉流に所属する能楽師で、所属する流派の宗家および既に能楽協会の会員である者一名の推薦が必要とされる。
- To qualify for membership in Nogaku Kyokai, one is required to get referrals from a current member of the association and from the soke (head of family, originator) of the school, to which he or she belongs, and to be a nogakushi of one of the following schools; Kanze-ryu, Hosho-ryu, Konparu-ryu, Kongo-ryu and Kita-ryu for shite-kata (main roles); Takayasu-ryu, Fukuo-ryu and Hosho-ryu for waki-kata (supporting actors); Isso-ryu, Morita-ryu and Fujita-ryu for fue-kata (roles who play the flute); Ko-ryu, Kosei-ryu, Okura-ryu and Kanze-ryu for kotsuzumi-kata (small hand drum players); Kadono-ryu, Takayasu-ryu, Ishii-ryu, Okura-ryu and Kanze-ryu for otsuzumi-kata (large hand drum players); Kanze-ryu and Konparu-ryu for taiko-kata (drum players), and; Okura-ryu and Izumi-ryu for kyogen-kata (comic actors).
- 名古屋城についても『金城温古録』では、「名府御城の如きは、道を四道に開かれて、四方より人民輻湊する事、恰も天下の城の如く十里に嶮地を置き、東は山、南は海、西北は木曾川あり、その中間、三五里を隔て要害設し給ふ(中略)、先は東は八事山の砦柵、西は佐屋、清州の陣屋(中略)、城、場、郭の三を備へ、四神相応の要地の城とは、これを申奉るなるべし」と記述されている。
- As for Nagoya Castle, 'Kinjo-onko-roku records' mentions that 'Your great castle has roads open to four directions, and people gather from all over the world; like the world's castle, it places chokepoints at about 40 kilometers; it has mountains in the east, the sea in the south, Kiso-gawa River in the northwest, and in between it installs strategic stops at a distance of about 140 kilometers (omission); lying ahead, a fort on Mt. Yagoto in the east, Saya and the armed camp in Kiyosu in the west (omission); with the castle, camps and walls, these indicate the key castle of Shijin-so-o topography.'
- これは岩手大学講師であった橋本昌幸(2003年(平成15年)11月25日没75歳)が竹中要の説に従い交配した桜はソメイヨシノに似ず、橋本の助言がきっかけで中村郁郎らがDNA解析からオオシマザクラと上野恩賜公園のコマツオトメを交配し2008年春に千葉大学園芸部で5本を鉢に植え、4年または5年後の2012年または2013年にソメイヨシノが再現されると見込んでいる。
- Masayuki HASHIMOTO, a lecturer at Iwate Univesity (who died on November 25, 2003, at the age of 75), followed the theory by Kaname TAKENAKA but couldn't breed a cherry tree similar to Someiyoshino; however, based on advice by Hashimoto, Ikuo NAKAMURA and others, from the DNA analysis, he crossbred the Oshima cherry and Komatsuotome of Ueno Onshi Koen park and planted five trees in pots at Chiba University's Faculty of Horticulture, expecting them to be reappear four or five years later (2012 or 2013) as Someiyoshino.
- 酒税法が制定された1940年以来、単式蒸留焼酎(乙種)は酒税の保全や過当競争防止等の理由にてムギ・米・サツマイモ・ソバの主要4品種については新規製造免許を認めない方針によって、製造の新規参入ができない状態が長らく続いていたが、聖域なき構造改革の一環として国税庁が2005年に規制緩和の見解を示し、一部地域・条件付きながら2006年以降に新規免許が認められる事となった。
- Since the Liquor Tax Law was established in 1940, to maintain the liquor tax and prevent a price war of single distilled shochu (group Otshu), for four major varieties of barley, rice, sweet potato, buckwheat admitting new manufacturing licenses were refused and production couldn't commence for a long time, but in 2005 as a part of structural reform without sanctuaries, the National Tax Agency presented its views on the relaxation of regulations and admitted new licenses from 2006 though it was limited in areas and with conditions.
- 1916年に屋久島のウィルソン株にその名前を残すアメリカのアーネスト・ヘンリー・ウィルソン(enErnest Henry Wilson)によりオオシマザクラとエドヒガンの雑種説が唱えられ、国立遺伝学研究所の竹中要(たけなか かなめ)の交配実験により、オオシマザクラとエドヒガンの交雑種の中からソメイヨシノおよびソメイヨシノに近似の亜種が得られることが分かり、1965年に発表された。
- In 1916, Ernest Henry Wilson, an American whose name is commemorated at the Wilson stump in Yaku-shima Island, advocated the theory that it's a hybrid between the Oshima cherry and Edohigan; moreover, through the crossbreeding experiment by Kaname TAKENAKA of National Institute of Genetics (published in 1965) it was discovered that Someiyoshino and its subspecies could be seen among the hybrids between the Oshima cherry and Edohigan.
- その変遷や必要性において重要な要因は、弓の素材の選定やその組み合わせであり、具体的には「長さ(弓丈)と断面積の比率に対しての弾性率・弾性限界」(断面形状が点対称でない場合は「断面形状と曲げる方向に対しての弾性率・弾性限界」も加味する)や「最小限の引く力と最大限の飛距離」など、条件の妥協点を見出す事にあり、その他には「地上やウマ上から矢を射る」という条件の違いや、「機械化と連射性能」などである。
- The important factors of its necessity and transition were the selection of materials for bows and their combination, in particular, to find 'the elastic modulus and elastic limits against the ratio of length of the bow and cross-sectional dimension' (when the cross-section is not point symmetry, add 'the elastic modules and elastic limit against the cross-section and the direction of bending'), and 'the least power to pull and the longest flying distance,' as well as the difference of conditions such as 'shooting from the ground or from horseback,' and 'the mechanization and the ability of automatic fire.'
- 「寺社などの神託」とは具体的には寺社普請といい、現在でも残っているが、特に明治以前の人々の暮らしは政(まつりごとが自治権として地域で認められていた)の中心として寺や神社があり、定期的な修繕や社会基盤としての拡張や一新を図るに当たり莫大な費用が必要であり、その一環として寄付を直接募るよりは、祭りを開催し的屋を招き地域住民に参加してもらい、非日常(ハレ)を演出する事で的屋から場所代として売り上げの一部を普請の資金とした。
- The signs of temples or shrines' was basically jisha fushin and still exists today, but in pre-Meiji Period society (1868 - 1912) local government was fairly autonomous, revolving around temples and shrines and since regular repairs, improving infrastructure and planning renovations needed large amounts of money, the funds were raised not through donations, but by holding festivals, inviting tekiya and getting the locals to participate to create an atmosphere of extraordinary (hare) and making tekiya contribute part of their profit as rent.
- 米倉・黒田らの論拠は多岐に渡るが、主要なものとしては、着用している冠の形式が鎌倉末期以降にしか見られないこと、毛抜型太刀の形式が13世紀-14世紀のものと考えられること、三像に使用されるほどの大きさの絹は鎌倉後期以降に出現し、それ以前は絹をつないでいたこと、三像の表現様式(眉・目・耳・唇などの画法)は、14世紀中期の肖像との強い類似が認められること、などであり、これらから三像の成立は南北朝期に置くことが最も自然であるとする。
- The theory claimed by Yonekura and Kuroda has wide-ranging evidence, for example, the form of the headdress worn in the portraits is observed only after the end of the Kamakura period, the hair pin type sword has a form that was established from the 13th to the 14th century, the silk in such a size used for the three portraits appeared after the late Kamakura period and silk was connected before that period, and the style of expression (drawing of eye brows, eyes, ears, and lips) of the three portraits is strongly similar to the one in the middle of the 14th century; based on such evidence, it is natural to suppose these three portraits were drawn in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- 一方で西南戦争における抜刀隊への評価から、日本陸海軍が将校の主要兵器として軍刀を採用し続け、サーベル様式の軍刀拵えに日本刀を仕込むのが普通となり、さらには日露戦争における白兵戦で近代戦の武器としての日本刀の有効性が確認され、また昭和に入り国粋主義的気運が高まった事から、陸海軍ともにサーベル様式の軍刀拵えに代わり鎌倉時代の太刀拵えをモチーフとした、日本刀を納めるのにより適した軍刀拵えが開発された(しかし同時に、軍刀として出陣した古今の数多くの刀が戦地で失われることともなった)。
- On the other hand, appreciation of the Drawn Sword Squad in the Seinan War influenced the Japanese Army and Navy to keep using military swords as major weapons for officers, and it became standard to make Japanese swords with military sword fittings of saber style, then the proof of Japanese swords' effectiveness in close combats in the Russo-Japanese War as weapons in a modern war, and the increasing momentum of ultranationalism in the Showa era made the Army and Navy develop military sword fittings more suitable to store a Japanese sword with the motif of Tachi fittings in the Kamakura era, instead of military sword fittings of the saber style (at the same time, however, numbers of swords that had been used in ancient and modern wars as military swords were lost on the battleground).
- 信三郎は、「第2の遺言書」の作成時点では既に脳梗塞のために要介護状態で書くのが困難であった事、「第1の遺言書」が巻紙に毛筆で書いて実印を捺印しているのに対して、「第2の遺言書」が便箋にボールペンで書かれていること(但し、法律上は用紙は関係ない)、捺印している印鑑が「一澤」ではなく信太郎の登記上の名字「一沢」になっていることから、当時社長だった三男・信三郎は信太郎が保有する「第2の遺言書」の無効確認を求め提訴する(故・信夫の弟で、当時専務であった元社長・恒三郎も同様の疑問を投げかけている)。
- The third son Shinzaburo (then president) filed a suit seeking reversal of the 'second will' which Shintaro owned, based on that: at the time of creating the 'second will,' Nobuo, who suffered a stroke, did not have the capacity to draw up a will while under conditions requiring nursing care; in contrast to the 'first will' written with a brush on rolled paper with a registered seal, the 'second will' was written with a ballpoint pen on letter paper (note that the form of paper is not a legal issue); and the seal placed on the second will was not 'Ichizawa (一澤),' but 'Ichizawa (一沢)' which was the registered family name of Shintaro (Tsunesaburo (the former president, then executive director), the younger brother of the late Nobuo, also made the same argument).