西洋: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 西洋
- the west
- Western countries
- Seiyou
- Occident
- Western world
- 西洋榛
- Eurasian hazel (Corylus avellana)
- 西洋式
- western style or fashion
- 西洋人
- Western people
- westerner
- 西洋柊
- English holly (Ilex aquifolium)
- 西洋葱
- leek (edible plant, Allium porrum)
- chive (edible plant, Allium schoenoprasum)
- 西洋史
- history of the Western world
- 西洋梨
- European pear (Pyrus communis)
- 西洋化
- westernization
- westernisation
- 西洋館
- western style-house (esp. those built before WWII)
- Seiyo-kan Buildings
- 西洋流
- Western ways
- Western customs
- Western habits
- 大西洋
- Atlantic Ocean
- Taiseiyou
- 西洋楽器
- Western musical instruments
- 西洋実桜
- sweet cherry (Prunus avium)
- mazzard
- 西洋南瓜
- buttercup squash (Cucurbita maxima)
- 西洋文明
- Western civilization
- Western civilisation
- Occident
- Western culture
- 西洋薄荷
- peppermint (Mentha x piperita)
- 西洋箱柳
- Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra var. italica)
- 西洋紙魚
- silverfish (Lepisma saccharina)
- 西洋鋸草
- yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
- milfoil
- 西洋酸塊
- gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa)
- 西洋桜草
- primula (any flower of genus Primula, which includes primroses, cowslips and cyclamens)
- 西洋山葵
- horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
- 西洋絹柳
- osier (Salix viminalis)
- 西洋蜜蜂
- Western honeybee
- European honeybee (Apis mellifera)
- 南大西洋
- South Atlantic
- South Atlantic Ocean
- 西洋料理
- Western food
- Western-style food
- Western Dishes
- 大西洋鮭
- Atlantic salmon (Salmo salmar)
- 大西洋鯡
- Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus)
- 西洋林檎
- apple (Malus domestica)
- 北大西洋
- North Atlantic
- Kitataiseiyou
- North Atlantic Ocean
- 西洋紫陽花
- Western hydrangea
- Hydrangea macrophylla
- 西洋風蝶草
- spider flower (Cleome hassleriana)
- 西洋わさび
- horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
- 西洋蒲公英
- common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
- 西洋山薄荷
- lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)
- sweet balm
- 大西洋黒鮪
- northern bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)
- Atlantic bluefin tuna
- 大西洋横断
- trans-Atlantic
- trans-Atlantic crossing
- 西洋哲学史
- A History of Western Philosophy
- 西洋の文明
- occidental civilization
- 大西洋の島
- Islands of the Atlantic Ocean
- 大西洋の湾
- Gulfs of the Atlantic Ocean
- 西洋美術史
- Western art history
- 大西洋銀行
- Banco Nacional Ultramarino
- 西洋館の終焉
- The decline of seiyo-kan buildings
- 様々な西洋館
- Various seiyo-kan buildings
- 西洋崇拝主義
- worship or admiration of Western cultures
- 西洋タンポポ
- common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
- 西洋カボチャ
- buttercup squash (Cucurbita maxima)
- 大西洋式海岸
- Atlantic coast type
- 北大西洋議会
- North Atlantic Assembly
- 大西洋背美鯨
- North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis)
- 大西洋標準時
- Atlantic Standard Time
- AST
- Atlantic Standard Time Zone
- 北大西洋条約
- North Atlantic Treaty
- 北大西洋の湾
- a bay of the North Atlantic
- 大西洋の海岸
- a coast of the Atlantic Ocean
- 大西洋の墓場
- Graveyard of the Atlantic
- 大西洋の海域
- Seas of the Atlantic Ocean
- 北大西洋振動
- North Atlantic oscillation
- 北大西洋海流
- North Atlantic Current
- 南大西洋の島
- Islands of the South Atlantic Ocean
- 大西洋連合軍
- Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic
- 西洋の命数法
- Long and short scales
- 西洋文明の調査
- To investigate western civilization.
- 西洋道中膝栗毛
- Seiyo Dochu Hizakurige (On the road through western countries: comic journey towards civilization)
- 『西洋旅案内』
- 'Seiyo tabi annai'
- 西洋館・異人館
- Western-style buildings and former residences of early foreign settlers
- 大西洋中央海嶺
- Mid-Atlantic Ridge
- 国立西洋美術館
- National Museum of Western Art
- 西洋料理の流入
- Inflow of Western dishes
- 中部大西洋岸州
- a Mid-Atlantic state
- 北大西洋に注ぐ
- flows into the North Atlantic
- 特に大西洋沿岸
- especially of Atlantic coast
- 南大西洋に注ぐ
- flows into the South Atlantic
- 大西洋産熱帯魚
- tropical Atlantic fish
- 大西洋横断飛行
- transatlantic flight
- 北大西洋の寒風
- bleak winds of the North Atlantic
- 南大西洋異常帯
- South Atlantic Anomaly
- 西洋の芸術運動
- Western art movements
- 倭寇と西洋人来航
- The Wako (Japanese pirates) and the arrival of Westerners
- 北大西洋漁業機構
- North Atlantic Fishery Organization
- 北大西洋条約機構
- North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
- NATO
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Organisation)
- 西洋における弓矢
- Yumiya in Western countries
- 大西洋の暖水域の
- of warm Atlantic waters
- 大西洋と太平洋の
- of Atlantic and Pacific
- 北大西洋の入り江
- an inlet of the North Atlantic
- 中部大西洋岸諸州
- mid-Atlantic states
- 大西洋の海岸平野
- the Atlantic coastal plain
- 中世西洋の作曲家
- Medieval composers
- 北大西洋協力評議会
- North Atlantic Co-operation Council
- 南大西洋磁気異常帯
- south atlantic magnetic anomaly
- 北大西洋と地中海の
- of the northern Atlantic and Mediterranean
- 北大西洋産のメバル
- North Atlantic rockfish
- 大西洋の沿岸海域の
- of Atlantic coastal waters
- 性質を西洋風にする
- make western in character
- 大西洋岸の港湾都市
- port city on Atlantic coast
- 北大西洋のウミバト
- northern Atlantic guillemot
- 西大西洋での2種類
- two species in western Atlantic
- 北大西洋自由貿易地域
- North Atlantic Free Trade Area
- 西洋料理における出汁
- Soup stock in Western cuisine
- 一般的な西洋のトカゲ
- common western lizard
- 熱帯大西洋産の深海魚
- deep-sea fish of tropical Atlantic
- 大西洋数十年規模振動
- Atlantic multidecadal oscillation
- 長い鼻の熱帯大西洋魚
- tropical Atlantic fish with a long snout
- 大西洋を横断するさま
- crossing the Atlantic Ocean
- 西洋で生まれ育った人
- a native inhabitant of the Occident
- 大西洋西部に分布する。
- It is distributed in the western part of the Atlantic.
- 熱帯大西洋産の小型ベラ
- small wrasse of tropical Atlantic
- 西大西洋産の大型のベラ
- large wrasse of western Atlantic
- 大西洋から紅海に伸びる
- extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea
- 西大西洋産の大型カジカ
- large sculpin of western Atlantic
- 私達は大西洋を航海した
- We sailed the Atlantic
- 欧文西洋音楽用語の一覧
- Glossary of musical terminology
- 大西洋横断電信ケーブル
- Transatlantic telegraph cable
- 中部大西洋地域宇宙基地
- Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport
- アンゴラの大西洋の海港
- a seaport on the Atlantic coast of Angola
- 赤道の北の大西洋の一部
- that part of the Atlantic Ocean to the north of the equator
- 彼は西洋文化が好きだ。
- He likes Western culture.
- 平賀源内:『西洋婦人像』
- Gennai HIRAGA: 'The painting of European Woman'
- 和歌の西洋音楽による解釈
- Interpretation of Waka through Western music
- 西洋における火縄銃運用史
- History of hinawaju used in the West
- 北極および北大西洋水域で
- of Arctic and northern Atlantic waters
- 中東は西洋文明の発祥地だ
- the Middle East is the cradle of Western civilization
- チャーチル川 (大西洋)
- Churchill River (Atlantic)
- 大西洋沿岸産の小型食用魚
- small food fish of Atlantic coast
- 北大西洋条約機構の所在地
- seat of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- 西大西洋の暖海で見つかる
- found in warm waters of western Atlantic
- 彼らは大西洋を横断した。
- They crossed the Atlantic Ocean.
- 西洋わさびペルオキシダーゼ
- horseradish peroxidase
- HRP
- 大西洋、ヨーロッパに分布。
- They are distributed in the Atlantic Ocean and in Europe.
- 西大西洋岸に沿って見られる
- found along western Atlantic coast
- 西大西洋とメキシコ湾産の魚
- fish of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
- 熱帯大西洋の両岸に生息する
- inhabits both coasts of tropical Atlantic
- 旧世界原産の果樹:西洋ナシ
- fruit trees native to the Old World: pears
- 大西洋南部と米国湾岸のニベ
- weakfish of southern Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of United States
- 赤道の南方への大西洋の水域
- that part of the Atlantic Ocean to the south of the equator
- 大西洋セネガル沖にある群島
- a group of islands in the Atlantic off of the coast of Senegal
- 東洋文化と西洋文化への二分
- the dichotomy between eastern and western culture
- 西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ
- horseradish peroxidase
- 大西洋両岸系外惑星サーベイ
- Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey
- 大西洋の両側で重要な食用魚
- important food fish on both sides of the Atlantic
- 使節団が持ち帰った西洋の文物
- Western products brought back by the mission
- 中部大西洋地域協議会(米国)
- MAAC Mid-Atlantic Area Council
- モロッコの大西洋に面した都市
- Casablanca
- 西洋式の大砲などを撃つ技術。
- 2. The Western method of firing artillery
- 大西洋に臨む北西部に位置する
- located in the northwestern on the Atlantic coast
- アフリカ沿岸沖の大西洋上の島
- an island in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa
- 米国の大西洋岸にそって豊富な
- abundant along the Atlantic coast of the United States
- 北大西洋理事会の支配下にある
- is under the authority of the North Atlantic Council
- 北米の大西洋沿岸沖で見られる
- found off Atlantic coast of North America
- 北大西洋の氷のように冷たい海
- gelid waters of the North Atlantic
- 西洋フード・コンパスグループ
- Compass Group
- 大西洋岸の近くのモロッコの町
- a town in Morocco near the Atlantic coast
- 大西洋沿いのブルックリン地域
- a section of Brooklyn on the Atlantic
- 東ブラジルで大西洋に流れる川
- a river in eastern Brazil flowing into the Atlantic Ocean
- 西洋、東洋で長い間利用された。
- They have been used both in the West and the East for a long time.
- 大西洋共同体中南米開発グループ
- Atlantic Community Development Group for Latin America
- 北大西洋条約機構軍の中央方面軍
- Central Army Group
- 西洋楽器のピッコロに似ている。
- It looks like a piccolo (a western musical instrument).
- 特に西洋の物語が持て囃された。
- In particular, western stories were highly touted.
- 西洋楽器のフルートに似ている。
- Its appearance is similar to flute, a Western musical instrument.
- 洋服(西洋化)、軍服、散切り頭
- Western clothes (westernization), unistyle, and Zangiriatama (cropped head)
- 北大西洋産の一般的なツノメドリ
- common puffin of the northern Atlantic
- 西大西洋の暖海の浅瀬に見られる
- found in warm shallow waters of western Atlantic
- 北大西洋産の魚の脂の少ない白身
- lean white flesh of North Atlantic fish
- 北大西洋と北極海の間に位置する
- lies between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean
- 北極圏の近くの北大西洋の火山島
- a volcanic island in the North Atlantic near the Arctic Circle
- 兵科記号 (北大西洋条約機構)
- NATO Military Symbols for Land Based Systems
- 大西洋のアフリカ南西部の共和国
- a republic in southwestern Africa on the Atlantic Ocean
- 小型の紡錘形の魚で、西大西洋産
- small fusiform fish of western Atlantic
- 大西洋と太平洋の強力なアオザメ
- powerful mackerel shark of the Atlantic and Pacific
- 北大西洋と地中海の重要な食用魚
- important food fish of the northern Atlantic and Mediterranean
- 大西洋のカボヴェルデ諸島で最大
- largest of the Cape Verde Islands in the Atlantic Ocean
- アメリカの大西洋岸のロブスター
- lobster of Atlantic coast of America
- - 『西洋事情』『学問のすすめ』
- 'Seiyou jijo' (affairs in the Western countries), 'Gakumon no susume' (an encouragement of learning)
- 西洋音楽で言うところのメリスマ。
- This is equivalent to melisma in Western music.
- 主に日本で認識されている西洋料理
- The Western dishes recognized in Japan
- 海岸と、大西洋岸の最高地点もある
- includes seashore and also the highest point on the Atlantic coast
- ヨーロッパ南西部および大西洋諸島
- southwestern Europe and Atlantic islands
- 北極および北大西洋水域で見られる
- found in Arctic and northern Atlantic waters
- 米国の北大西洋沿岸海域に普通の魚
- common in north Atlantic coastal waters of the United States
- 小規模に西洋のブームを再形成する
- Re-create the boom of the West on a small scale
- 大西洋を勢いよく走り抜けている船
- ships coursing the Atlantic
- ポルトガルに属する大西洋上の諸島
- islands in the Atlantic Ocean belonging to Portugal
- 西洋の世界で比べるものがない悪評
- infamy unmatched in the Western world
- 大西洋の戦い (第二次世界大戦)
- Battle of the Atlantic
- 大西洋の南アメリカ北東部の共和国
- a republic in northeastern South America on the Atlantic
- 西洋と日本の文明を比較した文明論。
- It is about a theory of civilization that compares Western and Japanese civilizations.
- 画家の川田小龍から西洋事情を学ぶ。
- He learned the Western affairs from a painter, Shoryo KAWADA.
- - 西洋音楽の輸入 音楽取調掛教師
- - Introduced western music into Japan, and served as the instructor at the Ongaku Torishirabegakari (Institute of Music)
- 北アメリカの大西洋岸のニシンダマシ
- shad of Atlantic coast of North America
- 大西洋と地中海のスペイン南部の領域
- a region in southern Spain on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean
- 大西洋に臨むアフリカ北西部の共和国
- a republic in northwestern Africa on the coast of the Atlantic
- 南北アメリカの大西洋沿岸で見つかる
- found along the Atlantic coast of the Americas
- 大西洋岸の近くの南東ジョージアの町
- a town in southeast Georgia near the Atlantic coast
- 欧州・大西洋パートナーシップ理事会
- Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
- 固いシェルがある大西洋岸クォーホグ
- Atlantic coast round clams with hard shells
- 西洋楽器のオーボエに近い構造である。
- Its' structure is similar to the western oboe.
- 北大西洋条約機構自動防空警戒管制組織
- NATO Air Defense Ground Environment
- 独立行政法人国立美術館国立西洋美術館
- National Museum of Western Art
- NMWA
- 北大西洋と地中海で最も一般的なイルカ
- the most common dolphin of northern Atlantic and Mediterranean
- 以前米国の北大西洋沿岸沿いで使われた
- formerly used along the northern Atlantic coast of the United States
- 温帯カリブ海と大西洋の海にすむ食用魚
- food fish of warm Caribbean and Atlantic waters
- 熱帯大西洋沿岸水域にすむテンジクダイ
- a cardinalfish found in tropical Atlantic coastal waters
- カナダの南東岸沖の北西大西洋の入り江
- an arm of the northwest Atlantic Ocean off the southeastern coast of Canada
- カロライナの海岸沖にある大西洋の群島
- a group of islands in the Atlantic off the Carolina coast
- スコットランドの西岸の大西洋の入り江
- an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean on the western coast of Scotland
- 大西洋岸の北東フロリダのリゾートの町
- a resort town in northeast Florida on the Atlantic coast
- 彼は冬の北大西洋の暴風雨を恐れていた
- he dreaded the storminess of the North Atlantic in winter
- マサチューセッツ南東部の大西洋の入江
- an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean in southeastern Massachusetts
- 西洋文明に特有の品質、習慣または特徴
- the quality or customs or mannerisms characteristic of Western civilizations
- スリナムの川で、北流して大西洋に注ぐ
- a river in Suriname that flows northward to the Atlantic
- 北米の大西洋の大きな頭のアンコウの肉
- flesh of a large-headed anglerfish of the Atlantic waters of North America
- タラに似たヨーロッパの大西洋の食用魚
- a food fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe resembling the cod
- 北大西洋または北太平洋産の海産食用魚
- marine food fish of the northern Atlantic or northern Pacific
- アメリカの暖かい大西洋近海で見つかる
- found in the warm Atlantic coastal waters of America
- 彼は小さなヨットで大西洋を横断した。
- He came across the Atlantic in a small sailboat.
- ニュージャージー南東部の大西洋岸の都市
- a city on the Atlantic shore in southeastern New Jersey
- 大西洋と太平洋の沿岸に産する銀色のボラ
- silvery mullet of Atlantic and Pacific coasts
- 英国とアイルランドの間の北大西洋の入江
- an arm of the North Atlantic between Great Britain and Ireland
- 北米の大西洋と湾岸にすむ灰色のウミガメ
- grey sea turtle of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of North America
- 北アメリカの大西洋岸の一般の食用のカキ
- common edible oyster of Atlantic coast of North America
- 大西洋とメキシコ湾の間の米国南東部の州
- a state in southeastern United States between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico
- 米国の大西洋岸の青黒い縞の入ったスズキ
- bluish black-striped sea bass of the Atlantic coast of the United States
- 米国の南、メキシコの東の大西洋の入り江
- an arm of the Atlantic to the south of the United States and to the east of Mexico
- 西洋史において特定の血縁集団をさす用語。
- This is the term that refers to specific kinship groups in Western history.
- 西洋語からの本格的な翻訳書として日本初。
- It was the first book of full-fledged translation into Japanese from a Western language.
- 温帯の大西洋とメキシコ湾にすむ中型のサバ
- medium-sized mackerel of temperate Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
- 大西洋の深海部の大きく鮮やかな色の食用魚
- large brightly colored food fish of deep Atlantic waters
- 米国大西洋北部沿岸の寒い海でとれる魚の肉
- flesh of fish found in colder waters of northern Atlantic coast of the United States
- 欧州連合、そして、北大西洋条約機構の本部
- headquarters for the European Union and for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- 大西洋と北海を結ぶ北スコットランドの運河
- a canal in northern Scotland that links North Sea with the Atlantic Ocean
- 西洋古典学を専門としているヒューマニスト
- a humanist specializing in classical scholarship
- 北大西洋・太平洋産の一般的なネズミイルカ
- the common porpoise of the northern Atlantic and Pacific
- 大西洋に広がるノースカロライナ南東部の岬
- a cape in southeastern North Carolina extending into the Atlantic Ocean
- 北米大西洋・メキシコ湾岸産の青い食用ガニ
- bluish edible crab of Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of North America
- メキシコ湾から北上し大西洋へと流れる暖流
- a warm ocean current that flows from the Gulf of Mexico northward through the Atlantic Ocean
- 米国大西洋沿いの塩水沼の黒銀タップミノー
- silver-and-black killifish of saltwater marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States
- 重要な北大西洋食用魚の脂肪の少ない白い肉
- lean white flesh of important North Atlantic food fish
- 大西洋を小さいボートで横断する危険な船旅
- a perilous voyage across the Atlantic in a small boat
- そのコースは西洋文明のすべてを扱っていた
- The course covered all of Western Civilization
- 名前が「引退」となった大西洋のハリケーン
- Hurricane Gracie
- Retired Atlantic hurricanes
- 北大西洋と太平洋産の大食で鼻の尖ったサメ
- voracious pointed-nose shark of northern Atlantic and Pacific
- セントローレンス湾から北大西洋に流れ込む
- flows into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the North Atlantic
- 北アメリカと南アメリカの間の大西洋の河口
- an arm of the Atlantic Ocean between North and South America
- モロッコの西の大西洋における火山諸島の群
- a group of volcanic islands in the Atlantic Ocean to the west of Morocco
- 『西洋哲学史要』(牧野紀之再話、未知谷)
- 'Outline of History of Western Philosophy' (Reconstructed by Noriyuki MAKINO, Publisher Michitani)
- 猫にまつわるジンクスは西洋にも存在する。
- Many instances of jinx on cats can be found in the Western countries as well.
- 普門寺塾で大村益次郎から西洋兵学を学んだ。
- He learned Western military science under Masujiro OMURA in Fumon-ji juku.
- 北向きに流れて大西洋に注ぐガイアナ北部の川
- a river in northern Guyana that flows northward into the Atlantic
- 北海(特に北大西洋)の重要な食用魚と釣用魚
- important food and game fish of northern seas (especially the northern Atlantic)
- リスボンの南東のポルトガルの大西洋岸の港町
- a port city on the Atlantic coast of Portugal to the southeast of Lisbon
- アリストテレス哲学は西洋思想に深く影響した
- Aristotelianism profoundly influenced Western thought
- 北大西洋条約機構によるバルト三国の領空警備
- Baltic Air Policing
- 南極半島の東方、南極大陸の南大西洋の入り江
- an arm of the south Atlantic in Antarctica to the east of the Antarctic Peninsula
- 西洋学兵学教授となり、博習堂での講義を行う。
- He became a teacher of Western military theory, giving lectures at the Hakushudo school.
- 雄は鮮やかな青い頭部を持つ大西洋産の小型ベラ
- small Atlantic wrasse the male of which has a brilliant blue head
- フロリダ、キューバの東側にある大西洋上の島国
- island country in the Atlantic to the east of Florida and Cuba
- 南米南部の、アンデス山脈と南大西洋の間の地域
- region in southern South America between the Andes and the South Atlantic
- 大西洋両岸沿いで見つかる小型の海底にすむサメ
- small bottom-dwelling shark found along both Atlantic coasts
- ロードアイランド州にある、大西洋の深い入り江
- a deep inlet of the Atlantic Ocean in Rhode Island
- 大西洋と太平洋の北の海の商業的に重要な食用魚
- commercially important food fish of northern waters of both Atlantic and Pacific
- リンドバーグは、大西洋を飛んだ最初の人だった
- Lindbergh was the first to fly the Atlantic
- マイアミの北の大西洋岸の南東フロリダにある町
- a city in southeast Florida on the Atlantic coast to the north of Miami
- アメリカとヨーロッパの北大西洋海岸の大型の魚
- large fish of northern Atlantic coasts of America and Europe
- 額がふくらんでいる北大西洋産オオギハクジララ
- northern Atlantic beaked whale with a bulbous forehead
- ヨーロッパ大西洋の海でとれるタラに似た魚の肉
- flesh of a cod-like fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe
- 福沢の『西洋事情』及び鴎外の文章は青空文庫より
- FYJUZAWA's 'Seiyo Jijyo' and Ogai's text are quoted from Aozora Bunko
- 七飯町は自町を「西洋農業発祥の地」としている。
- Nanae town regards itself as 'the birthplace of western agriculture.'
- 西洋の遠近法や陰影の技法も取り入れられている。
- The Western perspective and shading technique were also adopted.
- 西洋文化、言語、および人々に関する学究的な知識
- the scholarly knowledge of western cultures and languages and people
- 伝統的な西洋の調性の回避によって特徴づけられる
- characterized by avoidance of traditional western tonality
- ノースカロライナの大西洋岸沖のハッテラス島の岬
- a promontory on Hatteras Island off the Atlantic coast of North Carolina
- 大西洋西部あるいはインド洋で発生した熱帯低気圧
- a tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans
- アンデスで起こり、東進して南大西洋にそそぎこむ
- arises in the Andes and flows eastward into the South Atlantic
- 南アフリカの川で、概して西進し、大西洋へ流れる
- a river in South Africa that flows generally westward to the Atlantic Ocean
- 米国の温帯地域の大西洋沿岸に産する大型食用サバ
- large edible mackerel of temperate United States coastal Atlantic waters
- 南ウェールズと南西イギリスの間の大西洋の入り江
- an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean between southern Wales and southwestern England
- 小麦胚芽凝集素・西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ複合体
- wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate
- WGA-HRP
- ノルウェー~モロッコ近海の北東大西洋・地中海産。
- Caught along the coast from Norway to Morocco in the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
- 米国南部の大西洋岸でとれる脂肪の少ない塩水魚の肉
- the lean flesh of a saltwater fish caught along Atlantic coast of southern U.S.
- 大西洋アルゼンチン沖の100以上の島からなる群島
- a group of over 100 islands in the southern Atlantic off the coast of Argentina
- 大西洋沿岸や沿岸の潮流に豊富なシャドに似た魚の肉
- flesh of shad-like fish abundant along the Atlantic coast or in coastal streams
- 大西洋・太平洋沿岸海域に生息する小型ナガスクジラ
- small finback of coastal waters of Atlantic and Pacific
- サウスカロライナ州の川で、南東に流れ大西洋に注ぐ
- a river in South Carolina that flows southeast to the Atlantic
- 大西洋に延びるボストンの北のマサチューセッツ半島
- a Massachusetts peninsula to the north of Boston extending into the Atlantic Ocean
- フランスと英国の間の海峡を形成する大西洋の入り江
- an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that forms a channel between France and Britain
- 北アメリカの大西洋沿岸域とメキシコ湾では一般的な
- common in the Atlantic coastal waters of North America and the Gulf of Mexico
- 南極圏の近くの南大西洋のノルウェーに属している島
- an island belonging to Norway in the South Atlantic near the Antarctic Circle
- カナダの大西洋岸地域に住むアルゴンキン語族の一人
- a member of the Algonquian people inhabiting the Maritime Provinces of Canada
- 米国大西洋岸の砂浜に生息する明るい斑紋のあるカニ
- brightly spotted crab of sandy beaches of the Atlantic coast of the United States
- ハイチとプエルトリコの北部への大西洋の床の憂うつ
- a depression in the floor of the Atlantic Ocean to the north of Haiti and Puerto Rico
- 北大西洋の海でとれるタラに似た脂肪の少ない魚の肉
- the lean flesh of a cod-like fish of North Atlantic waters
- 1901年(明治34年):『西洋哲学史要』出版。
- 1901: He published 'Outline of History of Western Philosophy.'
- これは矢代幸雄が西洋の美術館活動に想を得て始めた。
- Inspired by activities of museums in Western countries, Yukio YASHIRO started this.
- 以降、幕府内部にも西洋医学が導入されることになる。
- It was since this time that the inner Bakufu government introduced Western medicine.
- レシフェの北方の大西洋の近くのブラジル北東部の都市
- a city in northeastern Brazil near the Atlantic Ocean to the north of Recife
- 北大西洋の浅瀬の海で一般的な小型のウナギのような魚
- small eellike fishes common in shallow waters of the northern Atlantic
- イギリス諸島とスカンジナビアの間の北大西洋の入り江
- an arm of the North Atlantic between the British Isles and Scandinavia
- 米国の大西洋岸の脂肪の少ない肉の食物とゲーム用の魚
- lean flesh of food and game fishes of the Atlantic coast of the United States
- 特にアメリカ大西洋沿岸域にすむ商業的に重要な魚の肉
- flesh of commercially important fishes especially of the Atlantic coastal waters of America
- マシフサントラルへ上り、大西洋の北部と西部に流れる
- rises in the Massif Central and flows north and west to the Atlantic Ocean
- 東洋と西洋の交易の中心だったアジア中央の歴史的地域
- a historical region of central Asia that was a center for trade between the East and the West
- 北大西洋に産する、茶色で大型のトウゾクカモメの一種
- large brown skua of the northern Atlantic
- 大型のイタヤガイで、北米大西洋岸の深いところにすむ
- a large scallop inhabiting deep waters of the Atlantic coast of North America
- 大西洋に広がるボストンの南へのマサチューセッツ半島
- a Massachusetts peninsula to the south of Boston extending into the Atlantic
- 温帯の大西洋の海にすむほっそりした長いくちばしの魚
- slender long-beaked fish of temperate Atlantic waters
- 非常に薄い半透明なヒラメで、北米大西洋沿岸に産する
- very thin translucent flounder of the Atlantic coast of North America
- 西大西洋の砂岸沿いに見られる銀色のクロサギ類の一種
- silvery mojarra found along sandy shores of the western Atlantic
- 高原と大西洋の間の海岸に沿って広がるナミビアの砂漠
- a desert in Namibia extending along the coast between the high plateau and the Atlantic Ocean
- また、終生髷を切らず、西洋の薬も一切口にしなかった。
- He didn't cut his topknot, and never took western medicine throughout his life.
- 幕末の内戦時になって、近代西洋式の軍制が導入された。
- When a civil war occurred in the end of Edo period, a western-style military system was deployed.
- 北大西洋沿岸海域に生息する鱗の無いぬめりのある食用魚
- slippery scaleless food fish of the northern Atlantic coastal waters
- 大西洋中部の地域沿いにもっとも頻繁に見られる灰色サメ
- most common grey shark along coasts of middle Atlantic states
- ヴァージニアとメリーランドの間の北大西洋の大きな入江
- a large inlet of the North Atlantic between Virginia and Maryland
- ラブラドルとグリーンランド南部の間の北大西洋の入り江
- an arm of the northern Atlantic between Labrador and southern Greenland
- 大西洋経済水域にいる、小さいが勇敢なカワカマスの幼魚
- small but gamy pickerel of Atlantic coastal states
- 地中海、およびヨーロッパとアメリカの大西洋岸の食用魚
- food fish of the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe and America
- 大西洋の一部で、北海北方、ノルウェーの海岸沿いの部分
- the part of the Atlantic that lies off the Norwegian coast to the north of the North Sea
- アメリカとヨーロッパの大西洋岸水域の小型の有害なサメ
- destructive dogfish of the Atlantic coastal waters of America and Europe
- ヨーロッパの大西洋の海にすむ細長くて側扁の大型食用魚
- large elongated compressed food fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe
- 北は北極海、南は大西洋(ラブラドル海経由)につながる
- connected with the Arctic Ocean to the north and with the Atlantic Ocean (via the Labrador Sea) to the south
- その後、西洋砲術を学び、幕府の蕃書調所などに務めた。
- Later he studied Western gunnery, and he worked at Bansho shirabesho of Edo bakufu or the Institute for the investigation of Western books.
- 帰国後、『西洋事情』などの著書を通じて啓蒙活動を開始。
- After he came back to Japan, he launched a campaign for enlightenment by writing books, including 'Seiyo jijo.'
- 西洋音階の演奏に便利な小穴を追加している製作者もある。
- Some manufacturers add more small holes in shino-bue to make it convenient when played using the Western scale.
- ほぼ垂直の大きな口を持つウナギのような大西洋産の海底魚
- eellike Atlantic bottom fish with large almost vertical mouth
- 大西洋・太平洋・地中海産の楕円形の色鮮やかな大型深海魚
- large elliptical brightly colored deep-sea fish of Atlantic and Pacific and Mediterranean
- ヨーロッパの海のスゲで、米国の大西洋岸に沿って帰化した
- European maritime sedge naturalized along Atlantic coast of United States
- 西洋音楽の最高の創造者の1人(1685年−1750年)
- one of the greatest creators of western music (1685-1750)
- それは、経験のない西洋人の目には奇怪な式典のようだった
- it seemed a bizarre ceremony to uninitiated western eyes
- 米国大西洋南部沿岸の暖かい海でとれる、脂の少ない食用魚
- lean flesh of fish found in warm waters of southern Atlantic coast of the United States
- 大西洋の両側で見られる鋭いギザギザの歯を持つ浅瀬のサメ
- shallow-water shark with sharp jagged teeth found on both sides of Atlantic
- ニューブランズウィックとノヴァスコシア間の北大西洋の湾
- a bay of the North Atlantic between New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
- 伝説によるとプラトンが言った大西洋の島は地震でのまれた
- according to legend, an island in the Atlantic Ocean that Plato said was swallowed by an earthquake
- 朝鮮では中国から間接的に西洋の技術を採用しただけである。
- In Korea, only technology was indirectly imported from the West through China.
- この辺は西洋のサンドイッチの由来に共通するところがある。
- This shares a common origin with the one for sandwich of the West.
- 西洋音楽でたとえれば、クラシックとポピュラーほども違う。
- As compared to Western music, the extent of their differences is like that between classical music and popular music.
- 明治の西洋音楽黎明期における代表的な音楽家の一人である。
- He lived during the early stages of the development of Western music in Japan in the Meiji era, and was one of the leading musicians of the period.
- 靖国神社に大村益次郎の銅像がある(日本初の西洋式銅像)。
- A bronze statue of Masujiro OMURA, the first Western-style sculpture in Japan, was placed in Yasukuni-jinja Shrine.
- 日本では西洋式印刷術による初めての紙幣として著名である。
- They are well-known in Japan as the first bills of Western-style printing.
- 文明開化以降は、「西洋かぶれ」も珍しい物ではなくなった。
- After civilization and enlightenment, 'seiyo kabure' ceased to be something unusual.
- イエメンを旅行中の西洋人への爆撃や誘拐や殺人の犯人である
- responsible for bombings and kidnappings and killing western tourists in Yemen
- 西洋ワサビ・マスタードを入れたクリーム状のホワイトソース
- creamy white sauce with horseradish and mustard
- 大英帝国とアイルランド、および北大西洋にある隣接した島々
- Great Britain and Ireland and adjacent islands in the north Atlantic
- 熱帯太平洋・インド・南大西洋に生息するオリーブ色の海ガメ
- olive-colored sea turtle of tropical Pacific and Indian and the southern Atlantic oceans
- アジア人民族のパワーから起こると言われた西洋文明への脅威
- the threat to Western civilization said to arise from the power of Asiatic peoples
- 大西洋をカリブ海とつなぐキューバ東部と西ハイチの間の海峡
- a channel between eastern Cuba and western Haiti that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Caribbean Sea
- ニューブランズウィックとノヴァスコシアの間の北大西洋の湾
- noted for rapid tides as great as 70 feet
- 西洋ナシのジュースから作られる発酵してしばしば発泡性飲料
- a fermented and often effervescent beverage made from juice of pears
- 日本における西洋画は、当初、蘭学の一分野として輸入された。
- Western paintings were originally imported as a part of Dutch studies in Japan.
- このように西洋の物語に描かれる怪物も庶民に認知されている。
- In this way, monsters described in western stories became acknowledged by the general public.
- (中国料理・西洋料理における『出汁』については下に記述)。
- (The soup stock in Chinese and Western cuisine is explained below.)
- アフリカ北西部沖の大西洋上にある、山の多い群島でスペイン領
- a group of mountainous islands in the Atlantic off the northwest coast of Africa forming Spanish provinces
- 高いシュウ酸塩含有量のために、西洋の放牧地の羊と牛に危険な
- dangerous to sheep and cattle on western rangelands because of its high oxalate content
- 東南アジアの国は、すばやく工業化して、西洋に追いつくだろう
- The nations of South East Asia will quickly industrialize and catch up with the West
- 仏門入りして、西洋哲学を学ぶ異色の学者として知られていた。
- He was known as an unusual scholar who had entered the Buddhist priesthood and studied philosophy.
- (福沢諭吉『西洋事情』1866年よりアメリカ独立宣言の一節)
- (Passage from the Declaration of Independence in 'Seiyo Jijyo' 1866 by Yukichi FUKUZAWA)
- 乗馬のシーンでは映像的な見栄えを優先して西洋馬が使用される。
- For scenes involving riding, horses of Western origin are favoured for their aesthetic qualities.
- 西洋の衣服(洋服)の歴史については、洋服の歴史を参照されたし
- As for the history of western clothes, refer to the history of clothes
- 艦隊は大西洋を渡って、以下を経て上海市に5月4日に到着した。
- The squadron crossed the Atlantic and arrived in Shanghai on May 4, 1853 after taking the following route:
- 写真館や病院・医院、学校などでは西洋風のデザインが好まれた。
- Western-style designs were favored by photo studios, hospitals, clinics and schools.
- しかし、西洋でも地域やそれぞれの家庭によって脱ぐことがある。
- But, in the West too, people may take off their shoes depending on the region and the individual home.
- 西洋料理や中華料理などより調味料および香辛料の種類は少ない。
- The number of seasonings and spices are less than for Western or Chinese dishes.
- - 明治維新の西洋化思想は、海外の出版物の翻訳にも影響した。
- The westernized thinking of the Meiji Restoration also had an effect on the translation of publications from overseas.
- 北大西洋または太平洋の浅瀬から採れる脂肪性の魚の価値のある肉
- valuable flesh of fatty fish from shallow waters of northern Atlantic or Pacific
- フロリダ南東部に大西洋から入り込んだ入り江で形成される狭い湾
- a narrow bay formed by an inlet from the Atlantic Ocean in southeastern Florida
- 岩場や難破船の残骸の周辺で見つかる大西洋・地中海産の褐色の魚
- brown fish of the Atlantic and Mediterranean found around rocks and shipwrecks
- ブラジルまでの南方の東大西洋沿岸に生息する重要な食用・釣用魚
- important food and game fish of the eastern Atlantic coast southward to Brazil
- 1851年(嘉永4年)、関宿の西洋砲術の教授に招聘(33歳)
- In 1851, he was invited to become a professor of Western gunnery in Seki-juku.
- 教育内容は手習や四書五経で、幕末には蘭学と西洋砲術が加わった。
- Tenarai (Japanese calligraphy) and Shishogokyo (the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism, otherwise known as the Nine Chinese Classics) were taught, and Western studies and Western gunnery were added to the curriculum at the end of the Edo period.
- ここでいう音程は、西洋音楽の音名ではなく、指と息の操作を指す。
- The pitch which is mentioned here is not the pitch name in Western music, but refers to fingering and breathing.
- 西洋音楽でいう微分音に相当する音を用いることも極一般的である。
- It is very common to use tones corresponding to microtones in Western music.
- 当時の西洋人にとってはかなり斬新な表現方法を使った絵であった。
- However, it uses a technique that would have been novel to Westerners of the time.
- 北大西洋と北太平洋の平たい体をしたすすけて黒い遠洋の棘鰭類の魚
- deep-bodied sooty-black pelagic spiny-finned fish of the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific
- カリブ海沿岸と大西洋の北米沖で活動した英国の海賊(1718没)
- an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of North America (died in 1718)
- スコットランド北海岸沖の北大西洋にある約100の島からなる列島
- an archipelago of about 100 islands in the North Atlantic off the north coast of Scotland
- 腹ひれが吸盤に融合している不格好な柔らかい厚い体の北大西洋の魚
- clumsy soft thick-bodied northern Atlantic fish with pelvic fins fused into a sucker
- とても重要な通常小さな(18インチまで)脂の多い大西洋の魚の肉
- flesh of very important usually small (to 18 in) fatty Atlantic fish
- 絵画技法は西洋画と同じ技法だが、絵画道具は日本にあるものだった。
- While the same painting techniques as the Western paintings were employed, the tools used were those available in Japan.
- 西洋料理のパスタを日本人の好みに合うように創作された洋食である。
- It is a yoshoku (Western-style Japanese cuisine) made by arranging pasta, a Western cuisine, to suit Japanese tastes.
- 基本的な運指において、西洋の12音音階すべての演奏が可能である。
- Basic playing techniques enable the production of all notes within the western 12 tone scale.
- 尺八に似た楽器として、西洋のフルートや南アメリカのケーナがある。
- Instruments from other countries resembling the shakuhachi include the Western flute and the South American quena.
- また、群馬県前橋市のソースかつ丼の元祖とされる「西洋亭」がある。
- Likewise, the restaurant 'Seiyotei' located in Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture is referred to as the inventor of the sauce katsudon.
- 単独でノンストップで大西洋を横断した初の女性飛行士(1928年)
- first woman aviator to fly solo nonstop across the Atlantic (1928)
- 偏平で鋭く先が尖ったくちばしを持つ北大西洋産の黒と白のウミスズメ
- black-and-white northern Atlantic auk having a compressed sharp-edged bill
- ヨーロッパの南に位置し、西側は南大西洋に、東側はインド洋に面する
- located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean
- 大西洋沿岸・メキシコ湾産の赤みがかった脂の少ない貴重なスナッパー
- highly esteemed reddish lean flesh of snapper from Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico
- 大西洋と太平洋の北貿易風と南貿易風の間の無風あるいは至軽風の地帯
- a belt of calms and light winds between the northern and southern trade winds of the Atlantic and Pacific
- ドクニンジンの木、特に西洋ドクニンジンの木の柔らかく裂けやすい木
- soft coarse splintery wood of a hemlock tree especially the western hemlock
- 英語教師として来日後、日本各地で西洋建築の設計を数多く手懸けた。
- He came to Japan as an English teacher, but later became involved in the architectural design of a great many western-style buildings throughout Japan.
- 西洋医学翻訳書『解体新書』を刊行した江戸の杉田玄白らと交友した。
- He had contact with Genpaku SUGITA and others of Edo, who published a translation of a book of Western medicine 'Kaitai Shinsho' (New Book of Anatomy).
- また、フィクションでは西洋宗教などにおける神職を指すこともある。
- In novels, the term 'miko' refers to the priests of Western religions.
- このことも相まって、従業員の服装を西洋式に改める百貨店が増加した。
- From here onwards, more and more department stores adopted uniforms in the western style for their employees.
- 西洋風の町並み、ホテル、教会堂、洋館はハイカラな文化の象徴となる。
- These western-style towns with their hotels, churches, and western-style houses became symbols of fashionable ('high-collar') western culture.
- 明治以降は、列強である欧米からの影響を受け、西洋文明を受け入れた。
- After the Meiji period, there was assimilation of Western Civilization, being influenced by powerful countries in Europe and America.
- この打ちこわしでは江戸に多かった西洋との貿易を扱う商人も襲われた。
- There were many trading merchants who had business with the West in Edo and during the riots, such merchants were also attacked.
- 維新後は珍しい西洋建築や鉄道を描いた開化絵が横浜絵にとってかわる。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Kaika-e (enlightenment pictures), which depict rare Western architecture and railways, replaced Yokohama-e.
- 幕末におきたジャポニズムによって、西洋では浮世絵がもてはやされた。
- In the end of the Edo period, ukiyoe was valued in the West due to Japonism.
- 明治時代以降の西洋音楽の影響により、七孔、九孔の尺八が開発された。
- Being influenced by Western music after the onset of the Meiji period, shakuhachi provided with seven, or even nine holes were developed.
- 西洋音楽の「モダン」な同属楽器と比較すると、音が小さいものが多い。
- Many Wagakki provide relatively lower sound volume levels than those of similar, 'modern' Western instruments.
- スペイン北西部の地方(かつての王国)で大西洋とビスケー湾の間にある
- a region (and former kingdom) in northwestern Spain on the Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay
- 初めて接触した西洋人(特に宣教師)を神の象徴とみなしている人もいる
- some ascribe divine attributes to westerners on first contact (especially to missionaries)
- くすんだ銀色をしたニベの一種で、南大西洋と米国メキシコ湾岸に産する
- a dull silvery whiting of southern Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States
- イスラム教のインテリは西洋の増加しているイスラム恐怖症を恐れている
- Muslim intellectuals are afraid of growing Islamophobia in the West
- 特に高級家具に使われる様々な果樹の木材(リンゴ、サクラ、西洋ナシ)
- wood of various fruit trees (as apple or cherry or pear) used especially in cabinetwork
- 多くの船と飛行機によって神秘的に失われるべきであった西大西洋の領域
- an area in the western Atlantic Ocean where many ships and planes are supposed to have been mysteriously lost
- 店によってはカクテル専門・西洋料理専門・沖縄料理専門の店などもある。
- Some street stall businesses specialize in cocktail drinks, Western (European) cuisine, and Okinawa cuisine.
- 江戸時代の鎖国によってその技術は西洋に比べて見劣りするようになった。
- Japan's naval technologies, however, came to lag behind those of European countries because of the isolation policy taken during the Edo period.
- 西洋のグレゴリオ暦では年ごとに異なるが、大体4月か5月に当てはまる。
- The celebration falls on different dates of the Gregorian calendar but is usually held some time in April or May.
- なお、軽食であるハンバーガーを指して西洋料理と言うことはあまりない。
- Hamburgers which are light foods are not included in the Western dishes.
- 構造は西洋のクロスボウとほとんど同じであり、同一性も指摘されている。
- It has almost the same structure of that of the crossbow in Western countries, and the resemblance is also pointed out.
- 嘉永年間、黒船来航により開国した日本に、西洋からの商船が押し寄せた。
- Between 1848 and 1854, many merchant ships from Western countries sailed to Japan which had recently reopened to trade due to the arrival of foreign Black Ships.
- ノースカロライナ中部とサウスカロライナ北東部を通って大西洋に流れる川
- a river that flows through central North Carolina and northeastern South Carolina to the Atlantic Ocean
- やせ地で育てられた西洋わさびには、枝状に伸びた根ができる可能性がある
- horseradish grown in poor soil may develop prongy roots
- 兵学家で幕府代官江川太郎左衛門から西洋兵学・小銃術・砲台築造術を学ぶ
- He studied Western military science, rifle technique, and battery construction technology with Tarozaemon EGAWA, the governor of Edo and a military strategist.
- 西洋画:平賀源内、司馬江漢、亜欧堂田善、小田野直武、佐竹曙山、佐竹義躬
- Western Painting: Gennai HIRAGA, Kokan SHIBA, Denzen AODO, Naotake ODANO, Shozan SATAKE, and Yoshimi SATAKE
- その後、1900年(明治33年)からフランスへ西洋画のために留学した。
- In 1900, he went to France to study Western-style painting.
- 特に開国後の貿易開始に伴う経済の困難と西洋の学問の流入に関心を抱いた。
- He was especially interested in economic difficulties and inflow of western learning associated with the initiation of trade after Japan opened its country.
- 愈好斎は西洋音楽を愛し、五線譜を意匠に用いた「君が代棗」を好んでいる。
- Yukosai enjoyed the western music and liked a jujube-shaped tea case known as 'Kimigayoso' with a design of staff notation.
- 1910年(明治43年)、大阪・難波新地に、西洋料理店・自由軒が開業。
- In 1910, JIYUKEN, a Western food restaurant, opened in Nanbashinchi, Osaka.
- アン岬からケープコッドまで広がるマサチューセッツ東部沖の大西洋の入り江
- an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean off of eastern Massachusetts extending from Cape Ann on the north to Cape Cod on the south
- 西洋文化の影響を受けた新しい文芸・絵画・音楽・演劇などの芸術が流布した。
- New art, including literature, painting, music and plays, which had been influenced by Western culture, spread.
- 多神教の日本文化は、一神教の西洋文化と異なり「寛容で平和的」だと説いた。
- It stated that the polytheistic Japanese culture is 'broad-minded and peaceful,' being different from the monotheistic western culture.
- しかし、井伊直弼が大老に就任すると、西洋式軍備の導入は停滞してしまった。
- However, after Naosuke II assumed the post of Tairo (chief minister), the deployment of western-style armament slowed down.
- 現代の簪:明治以降、洋髪の流行から簪も西洋の形のものへと変化していった。
- Contemporary kanzashi: With western hairstyle became popular, kanzashi also changed into western-type products.
- 西洋音楽や明清楽の音階の要素を箏の方が容易に取り入れることができること。
- So (koto) was more receptive to accommodating the elements of Western musical scales and Ming and Xing-era Chinese music (as popularized in Japan before the first Sino-Japanese War).
- 各地の西洋料理店では日本人の口に合うように改変された洋食が生み出される。
- In restaurants for western-style dishes in various areas, so-called 'yo-shoku' (western-style dishes) with tastes tailored to Japanese were generated.
- 西洋料理が入ってきて外国人と交渉のある社会階層で食べられるようになった。
- As Western dishes were brought to Japan, these vegetables were eaten by the people in social classes that had the chance to be mingled with foreigners.
- 洋食(ようしょく)とは、日本国内で供される西洋風の料理を指す用語である。
- The term 'Yoshoku' refers to western food served in Japan.
- ポルトガル西部テグス川沿岸の主要港で、ここから川幅が広くなり大西洋に注ぐ
- a major port in western Portugal on Tagus River where it broadens and empties into the Atlantic
- 食用・釣用魚にされるニベ類の1グループで、北米大西洋岸の暖海に固有の魚類
- any of several food and game fishes of the drum family indigenous to warm Atlantic waters of the North American coast
- アゾレス諸島は大西洋を横断する航空、海上航路の戦略上重要な地点に位置する
- the Azores are strategically located on transatlantic air and shipping routes
- ガンジーが、西洋文明をどう思うか尋ねられたとき、いい考えだと思うと言った
- when Ghandi was asked what he thought of Western civilization he said he thought it would be a good idea
- 西洋医学のみならずラテン語やキリスト教の教義まで吸収していたようである。
- He seemed to absorb not only Western medicine but Latin and a doctrine of Christianity.
- オランダでは、開陽丸建造を監督するともに、測量術、西洋の砲術などを学ぶ。
- In the Netherlands, he supervised shipbuilding of Kaiyo Maru and as well studied surveying, Western gunnery, and so on.
- 集団安全保障の目的で北大西洋条約に基づいて1949年に創設された国際組織
- an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security
- 隊士らは西洋式の兵法をよく吸収して当時最新の兵器を取り扱い、戦果を上げた。
- Those officers gained military achievements by handling the newest weapons absorbing the Western art of warfare.
- 旧伊庭家住宅(1913年建造、ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズ設計の西洋館)
- Former Iba family residence (built in 1913, a Western-style building designed by William Merrell Vories)
- この表現方法は明治期の西洋化で失われたが、古典ではよく見られた形式である。
- These methods of expression have been often seen in classical literature, though it was lost due to the Westernization influence during the Meiji period.
- 帝国は、強大な西洋諸国に対抗する形で各国に経済的・軍事的に進出していった。
- The empire was expanding both economically and militarily in order to oppose powerful Western countries.
- 西洋画を教えていた工部美術学校は、これに先立ち1883年に閉鎖されている。
- By this time, the art school (Kobu Bijutsu Gakko), which taught western painting, had been closed in 1883.
- 西洋わさび、ラディッシュ、たまねぎ、およびマスタードから得られた化合物の族
- a family of compounds derived from horseradish and radishes and onions and mustards
- 東部、または東洋と対照的な世界の西部、西洋西地域に関連があることまたは特徴
- relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts
- ヨーロッパ、アフリカ、アメリカ、および南部大西洋島の淡水の湿地と塩湿地の草
- grass of freshwater swamps and salt marshes of Europe, Africa, America, and South Atlantic islands
- 大西洋熱帯地域とカリブ地域に産する高級魚で、体側と尾に幅広い黄色の縞がある
- superior food fish of the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean with broad yellow stripe along the sides and on the tail
- 南大西洋岸のアフリカ南西部の共和国(かつては、南西アフリカと呼ばれていた)
- a republic in southwestern Africa on the south Atlantic coast (formerly called South West Africa)
- 明治時代に入ってから本格的な西洋式ガス灯の照明器具が用いられるようになった。
- In the Meiji period full-fledged lighting equipments in Western style came to be used.
- こうして、蘭方医学は近代日本における西洋医学導入の先鞭を果たすこととなった。
- In this way, Ranpoigaku took the initiative in introducing Western medicine science into modern Japan.
- 一時は老中水野忠邦もこの集団に注目し、西洋対策に知恵を借りようと試みていた。
- Tadakuni MIZUNO, who took up a post as a Roju (member of shogun's council of elders), paid attentions to this group and attempted to pick their brains in order to take measures against the West.
- しかし陪都に対応する語句は西洋になく、これは東洋的なものとされる(陪都制)。
- But, in western culture, there is no word corresponding to baito, so this is considered to be the system unique to the Orient (baito system).
- 副島種臣と福岡孝弟がアメリカ合衆国憲法および『西洋事情』等を参考に起草した。
- Taneomi SOEJIMA and Takachika FUKUOKA drafted 'The Constitution of 1868' mainly referencing 'The Constitution of the United States of America' and 'Seiyo jijo' (affairs in the Western countries).
- 日本独自のからくりのルーツは室町時代に入ってきた西洋技術に寄るところが多い。
- Although karakuri is unique to Japan, its origin owed much to Western techniques that were introduced into Japan in the Muromachi period.
- ここでは日本国内において発展を遂げた西洋風の料理を「洋食」として取り上げる。
- In this article, the term 'Yoshoku' refers to western style dishes which were developed in Japan.
- 掛けるなら西洋料理でいう「エスカベージュ」に、長く漬ければマリネに相当する。
- When nanbanzu is poured over karaage, the dish is similar to the Mediterranean dish 'escabeche,' and when karaage is soaked in nanbanzu for a long time, the dish becomes similar to a marinade.
- 1~7の数字を西洋音階のド~シに当てはめ、基本的に四分の二拍子で表記される。
- The scale corresponds to the first through seventh intervals of the Western scale, and is primarily notated in two-four time.
- 啓蒙的な思想家が封建的な思想や習慣を否定し、西洋の政治制度、文物を紹介した。
- Enlightened thinkers denied feudal thoughts and customs, and introduced Western political systems and products of culture.
- 西大西洋・西インド諸島の海にすむ色鮮やかな肉食魚で、キントキダイ科の魚の一種
- brightly colored carnivorous fish of western Atlantic and West Indies waters
- ノースカロライナからブラジルまで西アフリカ沖の大西洋の一般的な浅瀬の群泳サメ
- common shallow-water schooling shark of the Atlantic from North Carolina to Brazil and off west Africa
- 江戸時代後期、鎖国体制から開国した日本は、西洋との圧倒的な国力の差を意識する。
- Japan, opening its country to the world in the late Edo period, became conscious of the overwhelming national power of Western countries.
- 煙管(きせる)は、日本の喫煙道具の一種で、西洋のパイプ (タバコ)に類似する。
- Kiseru is one of Japanese smoking tools and similar to a Western pipe (tobacco).
- 西洋のものと同様の投石器を使用する場合は、布の両端に紐を付けたものを使用する。
- When operating a sling similar to the one of Western countries, the cloth with cords attached to the both ends is used.
- 西洋音楽のような分け方をするならば、ハナ・ナカ・ダメの三楽章で構成されている。
- If it is divided into parts like western music, danjiri-bayashi consist of three movements of Hana, Naka and Dame.
- 和洋折衷(わようせっちゅう)とは、日本風と西洋風の様式を一緒に取り入れること。
- Wayo secchu' refers to the way in which Japanese style and Western style are blended together.
- 着物の格においては第一礼装になり、西洋のイヴニングドレスに相当するものである。
- In the rank of kimono, tomesode is the no. 1 formal dress and is equivalent to the evening dress of the West.
- なお、西洋語学を習得する秘訣として、作品内で語源を学習に役立てる逸話を記した。
- In addition, as a aid for those learning western languages, he added anecdotes to help memorize the derivation of words.
- 禅を西洋に紹介した鈴木大拙は今北と釈宗演の両師の元に在家の居士として参禅した。
- Daisetsu SUZUKI who introduced Zen to the West experienced Zen under the two masters, IMAKITA and Souen SHAKU as a lay buddhist.
- 2本足で三味線のバチのような形のものはすべて西洋風のものがベースになっている。
- All products with two sticks with a shape similar to the plectrum of a shamisen are produced as western-style products.
- 西洋では古代エジプト・古代ギリシア・古代ローマの住居などの跡に壁画が見られる。
- In the West, wall paintings were discovered in the sites where houses were built in the ancient Egypt, Greek and Rome.
- 西洋料理においては、ウシ・ニワトリ・魚および野菜・香草類などを素材として作る。
- In Western cuisine, the raw materials of soup stock are beef, chicken, fish, vegetables, fragrant herbs and others.
- 西洋楽器の影響を受けて「近代化」したものが少なくない中国楽器とは対照的である。
- Contrastingly, many Chinese traditional musical instruments have been 'modernized' due to the influence of Western musical instruments.
- 雅楽の唐楽などで、曲を構成する三つの部分をいい、ほぼ西洋音楽の楽章に相当する。
- Johakyu indicates the three sections composing a piece of gagaku music, including togaku (the art of noh introduced by the Tang Dynasty), and is broadly equivalent to the movements of Western music.
- 太平洋産はかなり価値があるが、大西洋産はそれほどでもない、大洋性の群泳のマグロ
- oceanic schooling tuna of considerable value in Pacific but less in Atlantic
- Lateranパレスで行われた西洋のカトリック教会の5つの通常理事会のいずれも
- any of five general councils of the Western Catholic Church that were held in the Lateran Palace
- このような周の封建制度を西洋的なフューダリズムと比較することはよくおこなわれる。
- Such a Hoken system in Zhou is often compared with Western feudalism.
- 西洋の法的な封建制度であるレーエン制とは異なり、軍事奉仕を期待するものではない。
- Unlike the fiefdom, the Western legal Hoken system, no military duties were expected.
- これによって、西洋の近代的な天文学が事実上排除されると言う「逆転現象」が生じた。
- This caused an inversion where modern Western astronomy was, as a matter of practice, eliminated.
- 大正6年(1917年)に建設された西洋館の旧郡是製糸本館本社事務所を使用している
- The museum is housed in an old European style building, which was used as the headquarters of Gunze-seishi Co., Ltd., built in 1917.
- 欧米化が普及した今日、床の間や和室のない住宅であっても、西洋館と呼ぶことはない。
- Things in Japan have become increasingly Westernized now and houses lacking tokonoma (the alcove in a traditional Japanese room where art or flowers are displayed) and a Japanese-style tatami room would not be called seiyo-kan buildings anymore.
- アヘン戦争の敗北により西洋の科学技術「西学」を導入しようという洋務運動が興った。
- With the defeat in the First Opium War, a Western Affairs Movement occurred, introducing science and technology of the West, or 'Western culture,'
- それらの成果の中には西洋での発見と同時期、又はより早く発見されていたものもある。
- Some of the mathematical discoveries as a result of such studies were known to be achieved around the same time as, or even earlier than, in Europe.
- 西洋からの服飾の輸入がなされ、間もなく日本国内でも洋服がつくられるようになった。
- When clothing and accessories were imported from the Western countries, western clothes were gradually produced in Japan.
- 西洋のものとは異なる遠近法が用いられており、中心が中央から外れて構成されている。
- Japanese art uses perspective differently from Western art, placing the focus away from the centre.
- アルゴンキン系部族の多くは南下して、ミシシッピ川から大西洋岸の森林地帯に移住した
- many Algonquian tribes migrated south into the woodlands from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic coast
- 幕府・各藩は海防のため、後には倒幕のために、競って西洋の最新兵器を揃えようとした。
- The bakufu and other clans tried to get modern Western weapons, at first to protect the coastlines, and later to overthrow the bakufu.
- しかし、明治期に西洋化する中で生まれた神戸や函館などの町並みも保存の対象とされる。
- However, the term also applies to towns that developed during westernization in the Meiji period, such as Kobe and Hakodate.
- 幕末明治維新の西洋法学者・啓蒙家で、貴族院 (日本)や元老院議官などの要職を歴任。
- He was a western law scholar as well as being part of Enlightenment movement in the Meiji restoration in the end of Edo period, and he successively worked in different positions such as an important post in the house of peers and as councilor of the senate.
- 明治以後、和算が西洋数学にとって代わられた後も、日本数学史上の英雄的人物とされた。
- Beginning in the Meiji period, even after Japanese mathematics was replaced by Western mathematics, Seki continued to be honored as a hero in the history of math in Japan.
- また西洋の影響で生活様式や建築が変わり、それにつれて庭園にも新しい動きがみられた。
- With the influence of the West, the life style of the people and buildings had been changing, and there rose a new movement also regarding the gardens.
- 本格的な西洋数学導入までの間、和算(又は和算家)は応用面においても近代化を支えた。
- But until the fully-fledged introduction of western mathematics was under way, wasan (as well as wasan mathematicians) also played a part in the modernization of the country on the practical side.
- 明治以後文麟は西洋画の手法を取り入れ、それが四条派の画風を変えるきっかけとなった。
- In the Meiji period and after, Bunrin adopted the techniques of Western paintings, which changed the painting style of the Shijo school.
- つまり、西洋の管楽器で言えば移調楽器であり、「数字譜」もタブラチュアの一種である。
- In terms of Western musical instruments, the shinobue is a transposing instrument, and numeric notation is a form of tablature.
- しかし、一方では西洋の知識・文化を必要以上に摂取する事への抵抗感も併せもっていた。
- However, it also implied resistance to the excessive adoption of Western knowledge and culture.
- これ以降、象山は兵学のみならず、西洋の学問そのものに大きな関心を寄せるようになる。
- Thereafter, Shozan took a great interest in Western studies as well as military science.
- 西洋風に乗り、馬が足つきを小走りさせることと調和して鞍部の中で浮いたり沈んだりする
- ride Western style and bob up and down in the saddle in rhythm with a horse's trotting gait
- 米国陸軍の将軍で、米国の大統領により指名され、北大西洋条約機構理事会の承認を受ける
- a general of the United States Army nominated by the President of the United States and approved by the North Atlantic Council
- ホンダワラ属の海藻が密集した西インド諸島からアゾレス諸島までの北大西洋の広大な領域
- a vast area of the North Atlantic from the West Indies to the Azores that is dense with gulfweed
- 米国大西洋側とメキシコ湾の沿岸地域にある入り江や沼地にすむ魚の一種で、黒い縞がある
- black-barred fish of bays and coastal marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast of the United States
- 細長い体と長い棘のある尾ひれを持つ、米国大西洋沿岸産の様々な食用魚、および釣魚各種
- any of various food and sport fishes of the Atlantic coast of the United States having an elongated body and long spiny dorsal fin
- そして第2次長州征伐の事後処理、幕府軍の西洋式軍制の導入など、幕政改革に尽力した。
- He worked for Bakufu reforms such as the post-war management of the Second Conquest of Choshu and introduction of western-style military system into the bakufu troops.
- 医師、前野良沢、杉田玄白らが独学で西洋医学書『ターヘル・アナトミア』の訳出に成功。
- The doctors such as Ryotaku MAENO and Genpaku SUGITA succeeded to translate the western book of medicine, 'Ontleedkundige Tafelen' by self-study.
- パークスによる軍艦派遣は西洋暦4月5日すなわち和暦3月13日であることが確実である。
- Because Parkes dispatched the warship on April 5, 1868, according to the western calendar, it would certainly be March 13 on the old Japanese lunar calendar.
- しかし、そもそも『源氏物語』に西洋の文学理論でいうところの「テーマ」が存在するのか。
- However, an essential question was asked as to whether 'The Tale of Genji' has a so-called 'theme' in the context of Western literary theory.
- 明治時代~昭和初期築の主な西洋館・近代建築は日没から22時頃までライトアップされる。
- The major Western-style buildings and modern architectures built in between Meiji Period and Early Showa era are illuminated from sundown till around 10 p.m.
- 西洋の櫛(コーム)との大きな違いは、日本のものは櫛の歯が左右の端まで無いことである。
- The difference between the western comb and the Japanese one is that the latter have no comb teeth from one side of a comb to the other.
- 普段は西洋打楽器を演奏する作曲者と縁の深い「パーカッショングループ72」が初演した。
- Percussion Group 72, the percussion group usually playing western drums, played the score for the first time because they are on friendly terms with the composer.
- 西洋との交流は厳しく制限されたものの、長崎の出島を通じてオランダとの交易が行われた。
- Even though exchanges with western countries were strictly restricted, trades with the Netherlands were implemented through Dejima in Nagasaki.
- 大西洋・太平洋沿岸中央海域に生息する、2.4メートルほどの非常に小型のマッコウクジラ
- very small (to 8 feet) sperm whale of central coasts of Atlantic and Pacific
- 47歳の時に幕府の招聘を受け天文台訳員となり、蘭書(西洋の学術書)の翻訳に従事した。
- He was invited from bakufu to become the translator of astronomical observatory at his age of 47 and was engaged in translating Western books (Western academic books.)
- 海外で船霊にあたるものとしては、西洋で船首や船尾に取り付ける女神像などが上げられる。
- An oversea equivalent to Funadama is a figurehead of a goddess that is placed on the front or stern of ships in the Western countries.
- しかし、一部には医術や西洋技術を講義し、さらに庶民までも受講対象となるところもあった。
- However, some of these schools taught medicine and western technologies, and further, even accepted common people.
- 人力車・洋装・毛布・汽車・新聞・ダイヤモンドなどの西洋風の言葉や文物が舞台に登場した。
- Western words and products such as jinrikisha (a taxi-like vehicle pulled by a man), western clothes, blanket, train, newspaper, diamond, etc. were used in the plays.
- リチャード・E・ニスベット『木を見る西洋人 森を見る東洋人』ダイヤモンド社 2004年
- 'The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently... And Why 'by Richard E. Nisbett, Diamond Inc, 2004
- また医学においては近代の西洋医学を旨とし、和漢方医と激烈な論争を繰り広げたこともある。
- On the other hand, in medical science, he relied on modern western medicine, and initiated serious dispute with Chinese and Japanese doctors.
- 総合的に評価して、西洋数学との差は論じるまでもないが、その発展の速さは驚異的であった。
- Although there was a world of difference in the level of European mathematics and that of Japanese at that time, if we were to give a comprehensive evaluation, the speed in which wasan was developed was unprecedented.
- 明治時代以降、華族や西洋人と接する機会の多かった人々の間では比較的早く洋服が定着した。
- Since the Meiji period, the nobles and people who frequently meet Westerners were relatively early to accustomed themselves to wear Western clothes.
- 和楽器においても西洋楽器と同様に弦楽器、木管楽器、金管楽器、打楽器に分ける事はできる。
- As is the case with Western musical instruments, Wagakki can also be classified into four categories: stringed instruments, woodwind instruments, brass instruments and percussion instruments.
- フロリダの東海岸沖のバリア島から大西洋に広がっている砂地の岬(以前のケープ・ケネディ)
- a sandy promontory (formerly Cape Kennedy) extending into the Atlantic Ocean from a barrier island off the eastern coast of Florida
- 東京吉兆「ホテル西洋銀座店」は小泉純一郎が首相在任中に度々利用したことでも知られている。
- It is well known that Junichiro KOIZUMI often visited 'Hotel Seiyo Ginza shop' while he was the prime minister.
- 元田永孚の覚書(「古稀之記」)によると、天皇は伊藤博文の欠点を「西洋好き」と評していた。
- According to Nagazane MOTODA's memorandum, ('Koki no ki'), the Emperor mentioned Hirobumi ITO's weak point as 'a man who affects a European manner.'
- 宗麟は領内に、宣教師が伝えた西洋医学の病院を作り、領民は無料で診察を受けることが出来た。
- Sorin built a hospital for Western medical science introduced by a missionary in his territory where people of the domain were allowed to have checkups for free.
- その後1638年以降は西洋人としてオランダのみ出島で2世紀に渡り、交易することとなった。
- After 1638 only Hollanders as Europeans were permitted to trade with Japan at Dejima, Nagasaki for 200 years.
- だが、大半の消費者が引き寄せられる華々しい西洋志向の前には、いまだほとんど無力であった。
- However, it was almost powerless in front of most of the consumers' trend to idolize Western cultures.
- 備の戦闘隊形は西洋のテルシオやテルシオテルシオへの挑戦などの陣形と異なり厳密な操典はない。
- Sonae's battle array was unlike the western-style tercio (Spanish square) or tercio to tercio attack formation in that there were no strict rules.
- 『文明論之概略』の「西洋の文明を目的とす」の一節にて、福沢諭吉は以下の持論を展開している。
- He advances his thesis in a paragraph in the Chapter on 'Western Civilization as our Goal' of 'An Outline of a Theory of Civilization.'
- まず、執筆者は交通手段の発達による西洋文明の伝播を「文明は猶麻疹の流行の如し」と表現する。
- First of all, the writer expressed that due to the development of transportation, fast-spreading Western civilization 'is like a pandemic of measles.'
- この言葉は明治時代に、西洋の衣服すなわち「洋服」に対して日本の衣服を表す語として生まれた。
- This word was coined in the Meiji period for the purpose of indicating Japanese clothing in contrast to Western '洋' clothing '服.'
- 当時発達しつつあった写真技術と印刷技術により、日本の様子が西洋に広く知られるようになった。
- Conditions in Japan became widely known in Western countries as a result of the photographic and printing technology that was being developed at that time.
- ジャクソンビルに向かって北向きに流れ、次に東向きに流れて大西洋に注ぐ、フロリダ州北東部の川
- a river in northeastern Florida that flows northward to Jacksonville and then eastward to empty into the Atlantic Ocean
- これにより備は同時代における西洋の戦闘隊形に較べ高い機動力と地形に対する適応力を持っていた。
- Because of this, compared to the western battle array of the same period, sonae possessed higher mobility and topographical adaptability.
- ハイカラ(はいから)は、西洋風の身なりや生活様式をする様、人物、事物などを表す日本語の単語。
- 'Haikkara' is a Japanese word that means airs, persons, and things and so on that suggest westernized appearances and way of life.
- ちょん髷を反西洋・保守主義の象徴とみなし、その形状がピストルに似ていたことから出た話である。
- The story came out from regarding chonmage, which looked like a pistol, as a symbol of anti-westernism/conservatism.
- 西洋の歴史学の研究法をから影響を受け、久米邦武、星恆、黒板勝美などが中心になり発展していく。
- Under the influence of Western methods for studying history, it developed with scholars such as Kunitake KUME, 星恆 and Katsumi KUROITA as central figures.
- 明治初頭、日本政府は近代化に必要な都市を築くため、西洋建築の技術を得ようと躍起になっていた。
- In the early Meiji period, the Japanese government was making desperate attempts to acquire Western architectural technologies in order to develop the cities required to modernize the country.
- 1861年以降、横浜市の外国人居留地で西洋式の競馬(近代競馬)が盛んに行われるようになった。
- After 1861, western style horse racing (modern horse racing) began to take place at the foreign settlement in Yokohama City.
- 寂はより自然そのものの作用に重点がある一方で、西洋の骨董では歴史面に重点があると考えられる。
- While the elegant simplicity of sabi places more emphasis on the action of nature, antiques in the West emphasize the historical respects.
- 本格的な西洋数学への移行は1884年、東京数学会社が日本数学物理学会に改組されたころである。
- In 1884, the full-scale transition to western mathematics took place when Tokyo Sugaku Gaisha was incorporated into the Japan Mathematics and Physics Society.
- 栖鳳は狩野派や西洋画の写実画法などを積極的に取り入れ、再び四条派の画風を変えることになった。
- He adopted the technique of realism from the Kano school and Western paintings willingly and changed the painting style of the Shijo school again.
- また、クロアワビのステーキなどで名を上げるシェフも多く、日本版西洋料理として紹介されている。
- Many chefs become famous for their kuroawabi steak, which is often presented as a Japanese-style western dish.
- これは楽箏の「盤渉(ばんしき)調 盤渉は西洋音楽のHにほぼ相当する音高」の調弦法に似ている。
- It resembles the tuning technique of 'banshikicho' (banshiki is a high note substantially corresponding to H in the Western music) for gakuso.
- 肉厚な胸びれと腹びれで這いずり回る、偏平な鱗の無い体を持つ温帯の西大西洋沿岸海域にすむ深海魚
- bottom-dweller of warm western Atlantic coastal waters having a flattened scaleless body that crawls about on fleshy pectoral and pelvic fins
- アカディア国立公園はアメリカ北東部メーン州にあり、大西洋沿岸の島々の美しい自然を楽しめます。
- Acadia offers a gorgeous coastal environment of the Atlantic Ocean on islands off the coast of the northeastern state Maine.
- しかし、西洋に関する情報が流布することを嫌った幕府は、一般向けの出版をなかなか許可しなかった。
- However, the Edo bakufu that disliked information on the West being circulated was reluctant to give approval to the publication of it for ordinary people.
- また近現代の西洋美術なども収集しており、これが美術館のもう一つのコレクションの柱となっている。
- He also collected modern Western artwork, which make up the other main collection of this museum.
- しかし、空手の近代化が進むにつれて、西洋の身体動作や運動理論の導入に対する反省も起こっている。
- However, as the modernization of karate has progressed there have also emerged critics that voice concern over the introduction of Western body motions and exercise theories.
- 雅楽の楽器を用いず西洋楽器のみによる編成でも、雅楽の音楽構造に着想を得て作曲された作品は多い。
- There are many compositions that were inspired by the gagaku music structure, even when these pieces were composed with western musical instruments alone and without using any gagaku musical instruments.
- 西洋音楽の要素を導入した新日本音楽の中心的存在に立ち、箏のみならず邦楽全般の活性化につとめた。
- He was a pivotal figure of new Japanese music in which the elements of western music was introduced, and he strived to activate not only Soh, but also whole of traditional Japanese music.
- 大きな中央の眼と西洋梨形の体と泳ぐために使う長い触角を持つ微小自由遊泳性淡水性カイアシ類の動物
- minute free-swimming freshwater copepod having a large median eye and pear-shaped body and long antennae used in swimming
- さらに明治17年(1884年)、西洋化を進める伊藤博文の方針で森有礼が初代文部大臣に就任した。
- Moreover, due to Hirobumi ITO who was promoting the westernization of Japan, Arinori MORI became the first Minister of Education in 1884.
- また西洋人の目からみて、その当時の代表的な学校は、他に高野山、比叡山などがそれに並べられていた。
- Mt. Koya-san and Mt. Hiei-zan were thought as other representative schools by Western people in those days.
- このため、西洋の諸国では困難を極めた地積単位のメートル法への移行は、日本ではスムーズに行われた。
- Therefore, the units of acreage were easily switched to the units of the metric system in Japan, while it was a quite difficult task for Western countries.
- バンカラ(ばんから・蛮殻/蛮カラ)とは、ハイカラ(西洋風の身なりや生活様式)をもじった語である。
- Bankara is a pun for the word haikara (westernized appearances or life styles).
- 西洋道中膝栗毛(せいようどうちゅうひざくりげ)は、仮名垣魯文・総生寛(第12編より)作の滑稽本。
- Seiyo Dochu Hizakurige is a humorous fiction written by Robun KANAGAKI and Kan FUSO (Volume 12 and subsequent volumes).
- 西洋音楽による解釈では、和歌はテンポの遅い四分の四拍子で、2小節で1セットのリズムを作っている。
- In the context of Western music, waka has a slow quadruple time that establishes its rhythm in sets of two bars.
- 高杉らは西洋式兵制を採用した奇兵隊の創設をはじめとする軍制改革に着手、大村にその指導を要請する。
- Takasugi undertook military reforms such as the creation of the Kiheitai (irregular militia) and adopting a Western-style military, asking Omura to train them.
- 幕府海軍(ばくふかいぐん)とは、江戸幕府が設置した、海上戦闘を任務とした西洋式軍備の海軍である。
- Bakufu kaigun (navy) was a navy with western-style armaments which was organized by Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to accomplish battles at sea as a mission.
- 大村は西洋兵術書を翻訳したばかりでなく、それを現状に即し実戦に役立つようわかりやすく書き改めた。
- Omura translated Western military tactics and rewrote them, making them more relevant to actual warfare and easy to understand.
- また、中岡が龍馬の西洋的な議会主義的思想にどの程度まで理解を示したのかも今日まで不明な点が多い。
- It remains unclear as to how much of Ryoma's western legislative ideology Nakaoka agreed with.
- 鎖国下の当時、西洋の学問を学ぶことはある程度容認されていたが、幕府によって制限が設けられていた。
- It was accepted to study Western learning to some extent during the national isolation period at that time, but there were some restrictions imposed by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 幕末期にいたって、水戸藩など攘夷派から「西洋かぶれ」の意で、蔑称として用いられる例が多くなった。
- In the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, it began to be used often as a disparaging name to refer to 'seiyo kabure' (ultra-Westernized persons) by joi-ha faction (the antiforeigner faction) like the Mito clan.
- 幕末に入ると、日本は開国をして西洋の文物が流入するようになると、介石は憂国の志を抱くようになる。
- #At the end of the Edo period, when Japan put an end to its isolation and cultural ideas and products poured into Japan from the West, Kaiseki started to worry about the future of Japan.
- また、中国や西洋の流れに反して不定時法を暦法において公式に導入したことに関しても強い批判がある。
- Also there is a strong criticism for officially introducing the Japanese classical Timetable Method in the calendar, going against the influence of China and Europe.
- なお本稿で西洋音楽での音名に言及する場合は英米式(ドイツのHをB、ドイツのBをBb)で表記する。
- In this article, the names of musical notes in western music are described using the British/American method (German H written as B, German B written as Bb).
- 誤解からの日本の妖怪としてや、また近代史における「西洋の妖怪」として、日本でも相応の歴史がある。
- As misinterpreted Japanese yokai and also as 'western yokai' in the modern history, they have a comparable history in Japan.
- 豚カツは広義には西洋料理のカツレツ(カツレツ)と呼ばれる豚肉を使用したフライ料理の一種でもある。
- Tonkatsu, in a broad sense, is one of the fried dishes that uses pork called cutlets of Western cuisine.
- 古典派音楽以降の西洋音楽ではコンサートホールのような広い空間で演奏するために大音量を要求された。
- Because Western music, particularly since the emergence of orchestral music, has been played in large spaces such as concert halls, the musical instruments were required to provide higher sound levels.
- チェサピーク湾からアルゼンチンまでの大西洋の海に生息する、体長が最大1フィートのバターフィッシュ
- butterfish up to a foot long of Atlantic waters from Chesapeake Bay to Argentina
- さて、在富には嫡男の勘解由小路在昌がいたが、後にキリスト教の洗礼を受けて西洋天文学を学んでいた。
- Aritomi had an heir, Arimasa KADENOKOJI, and later, he was baptized into the Christian faith and had been studying Western astronomy.
- 仙は西洋野菜の栽培なども手がけ、幼少時の梅子は手習いや踊などを学び、父の農園の手伝いもしている。
- Sen grew some Western vegetables with a little help from Umeko while she practiced writing and dancing in her childhood.
- 近世初期に宣教師らが日本を訪れ、一部に西洋美術が知られるようになったが、その影響は局所的であった。
- At an early stage of the early modern ages, Christian missionaries came over to Japan, and Western art became known to some Japanese at that time, but its influence on Japanese art was quite limited.
- 黒船(くろふね)は、大型の西洋式航洋船のことで、語としては江戸時代の前から近世の日本で用いられた。
- Kurofune is a term used to refer to large, Western-style sea vessels, used before the Edo Period until the modern age.
- このことから、翌1924年に「東京婦人子供服組合」が発足し、女性の服装にも西洋化が進むことになる。
- For that reason, 'Tokyo Clothes Association for Women and Children' was founded in the following year, 1924, and women's clothes were also westernized.
- 幕府西洋医学所頭取の医師である松本良順は近藤勇の招きで隊士の診察を行い、戊辰戦争でも軍医を務めた。
- Ryojun MATSUMOTO, President of the shogunate's School of Western Medicine, conducted medical examination of the members upon invitation of Isami KONDO, and also acted as an army surgeon during the Boshin War.
- 宗教・祭祀用具としての機能をもち、近代に西洋よりガラス鏡が伝来普及するまで一般に広く使われていた。
- It functioned as a religious, rites and festivals tool and it had been widely used until modern times in which grass mirrors were introduced from the West and spread.
- 曲には序(じょ)・破(は)・急(きゅう)があり、西洋音楽で言う第一楽章、第二楽章、第三楽章を言う。
- A piece of music has Jo, Ha and Kyu, and respectively they are equivalent to the first, second and third movements in Western music.
- しかし明治の文明開化で日本も洋化し、その後に最初の即位式を挙げた大正天皇は西洋式に倣い右に立った。
- With the introduction of the civilization and enlightenment during the Meiji period, Japan became westernized, and the first emperor to hold the enthronement ceremony thereafter, Emperor Taisho stood on the right side, following the western style.
- 塩川文麟が、明治になって積極的に西洋画の画法を取り入れた事によって、四条派の画風にも変化が起きる。
- Because Bunrin SHIOKAWA adopted the techniques of Western paintings willingly, the painting style of the Shijo school changed in the Meiji period.
- 西洋音楽の楽器(洋楽器)では、和声音楽に用いる音から倍音以外を排除しようという方向性を持っていた。
- Musical instruments for Western music (Western musical instruments) had a tendency to eliminate sounds other than harmonic tones from the sounds used for harmonic music.
- ホースラディッシュ(西洋山葵)、ワサビダイコン(山葵大根) Armoracia rusticana
- Horseradish (western wasabi), wasabi daikon (wasabi radish), Armoracia rusticana
- – 粒餡の汁粉を冷やし、その上からソフトクリームやアイスクリームといった冷たい西洋菓子をのせた物。
- - Place either soft ice cream or regular ice cream on top of the chilled shiruko using tsubuan.
- 米国の飛行士で、1927年に最初の大西洋を横断する単独無着陸飛行を行った(1902年−1974年)
- United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)
- また、樹木を大胆に刈り込み、花壇を多く用い、芝生の庭園を作るなどの工夫は、西洋の影響が指摘される。
- Moreover, techniques such as adventurous pruning of the trees, frequent use of flowerbeds and creation of grass lawns point to a western influence.
- 主に西洋内科の医学書を翻訳し、内科の発展に寄与しながら私塾・蘭馨堂を開いて後進の指導にもあたった。
- He taught younger people in his private school, Rankeido while he contributed to the development of internal medicine, mainly translating the medical books of the Western internal medicine.
- 西洋のヤード・ポンド法などと同様、当初は身体の一部の長さや、穀物の質量などが単位として使われていた。
- Like in the yard-pound system in the West, the dimensions of the human body parts, the mass of grain, and so on, had been used as units.
- 鎖国時、唯一の西洋との窓口として栄えた長崎市に、丸山遊郭が誕生したのは1639年(寛永16年)ごろ。
- Maruyama Yukaku was established in Nagasaki City, which flourished as the only one window to the West during the period of national isolation, around 1639.
- 1864年には、禁門の変を理由に長州征伐の兵を挙げた幕府が、その時の軍服を西洋式にすることを決めた。
- In 1864, the shogunate government, which raised an army for the Choshu Conquest due to Kinmon Incident, decided that military uniforms would be made in a western style.
- 少数ながらも西洋の服飾は流通しており、江戸時代末期には長崎の出島などでは特別珍しいものではなかった。
- During the period of national isolation few western clothes were available, and in the end of the Edo period, they were not so rare in Dejima island in Nagasaki (the sole trading spot with foreign countries).
- 最終的に総工費72万円となった大工事は、西洋の鉄工技術もとりいれられ、七年もの歳月をかけて行われた。
- With Western ironsmith techniques introduced, this big project, which totaled to 720,000 yen in the end, took seven years to finish.
- またアメリカ独立宣言の全文を翻訳して『西洋事情』(初編 巻之二)中に「」として掲載して日本に伝えた。
- He translated the whole text of the Declaration of Independence and introduced it to Japan by printing it as 'The exhortation of independence of the 13 states in the US in July 4, 1716' in 'Seiyo jijo' (first edition, Vol. II..)
- ただ、当時の象山は、西洋に対する認識は芽生えつつあったものの、基本的には「伝統的な知識人」であった。
- Shozan was basically no more than a 'traditional intellectual' in those days, while he began to recognize the Western countries.
- これは西洋の個人紋章()の構成要素 が一族・家族で共有と、日本の家紋と同様の機能を有するからである。
- This is because the component of an individual crest in the West has the same function as that in Japan, having the same component in common to identify a family.
- そして西洋料理の多くはヨーロッパに存在する国から伝わった料理のことをひとまとめに総称することが多い。
- In many cases, the term Western dishes is collectively used to refer to the cooking style brought from the European countries.
- 西洋の神話・伝説(ベオウルフ等)、モンスター映画や漫画と言った創作物では相討ちは好まれる演出の一つ。
- Aiuchi is one of the favorable scenes in Western mythology and folklore (such as Beowulf), and creative works such as monster movies and cartoons.
- ロシアのバレエ興行主で、ロシアバレエの基礎を築き、後にそれを西洋に紹介した(1872年−1929年)
- Russian ballet impresario who founded the Russian ballet and later introduced it to the West (1872-1929)
- 曲尺の尺は西洋のフィートと非常に近い長さであるが、どちらも足を基準にしているためであり、偶然ではない。
- The fact 1 shaku of the kane-jaku was quite close to the unit of feet used in the Western countries was not by chance because both units were based on the length defined by the measurement of a foot.
- 日本では服装の西洋化が広まっているが、その直接的な要因は1858年の日米修好通商条約だとする説がある。
- Westernized clothing style is widely available in Japan, and some people say it was directly brought about by the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan in 1858.
- 1876年(明治9年)に工部美術学校に入学、西洋画を学び特にアントニオ・フォンタネージの薫陶を受けた。
- In 1876, he enrolled in Technology Arts School to learn Western-style painting, where he was influenced particularly by the teacher Antonio Fontanesi.
- 1967年4月に、西洋思想史研究者河野健二の『福沢諭吉--生きつづける思想家』(講談社)が発行された。
- In April 1967, 'Fukuzawa Yukichi - Ikitsuzukeru Shisoka' (Yukichi FUKUZAWA - Living Theorist) (published by Kodansha) by a scholar of Western History of Ideas Kenji KONO was published.
- 森鴎外の用法に擬西洋造(まがいせいようづくり)とあるが、言葉の指す範囲は上記の説明とは一致していない。
- Novelist Ogai MORI used 'Magai-seiyo-zukuri' (擬西洋造) (a quasi-Western structure), but his definition of the term was different from that mentioned above.
- 狭義には大いに発展した江戸時代の関孝和以降のそれを指すが、西洋数学導入以前の数学全体を指すこともある。
- In a strict sense, wasan refers to mathematics developed by Takakazu SEKI that flourished during the Edo period, but in a wider sense, it refers to mathematics in general practiced and studied in Japan before the introduction of mathematics from Europe.
- 中国のもので矢の他に砲弾や石なども発射できる大型の機械弓で、西洋ではカタパルトと呼ばれる投石機のこと。
- This is a large machine bow made in China which can shoot cannonballs and stones as well as arrows, and called a catapult in Western countries.
- 長崎から入ってくる中国文化や西洋文化は知識人の好奇心を刺激し、洋学や蘭学(医学)、漢方医学が発達した。
- Chinese culture and western culture coming from Nagasaki stimulated the intellectuals' curiosity, and western studies, Western studies (medicine) and Chinese (herb) medicine developed.
- 南蛮品を好み、正親町天皇を招き開催した『京都御馬揃え』にベルベットのマント、西洋帽子を着用し参加した。
- Nobunaga favored imported articles, and for example, he wore a velvet cape and western hat in 'the great military parade in Kyoto' which he held inviting Emperor Ogimachi.
- 本草学者としての学識に加えて、蘭学にも造詣が深く、橋本宗吉の代表作『西洋医事集成宝凾』の校閲を行った。
- He was familiar with Western sciences as well as herbalism, and reviewed 'Seiyo Iji Shusei Hokan' (Treasure Chest of Collected Western Medical Facts), a representative work of Sokichi HASHIMOTO.
- 西洋画の団体「明治美術会」に活動の拠点を移し、仲間とともに東京美術学校に洋画科を開設するよう運動した。
- Naojiro moved his base to a Western-style painting organization the 'Meiji Art Society,' and with his friends acted for the foundation of a Western-style painting department in the Tokyo Fine Arts School.
- 西洋・近代の軍事における海軍に相当するが、東洋の水軍においては河川や湖沼における水上兵力の比重も大きい。
- It is equivalent to the navy in the modern West, but in suigun in the East, forces on rivers and lakes, too, played a large part.
- 国歌は、近代西洋において生まれ、幕末、日本が開国した時点において、外交儀礼上欠かせないものとなっていた。
- The national anthem was born in the modern Occident and, when Japan opened the country to foreigners in the last days of the Edo Period, it had become indispensable for diplomatic ceremonies.
- 西洋や現代が題材の場合は概ねバレエと同様、時代劇、等、和風の場合は歌舞伎舞踊や大衆演劇に近い感じになる。
- When the subject matter of a program is related to the West or modern times, makeup is generally similar to that of ballet, but when they are in Japanese style such as Jidaigeki, makeup seems to be closer to that of Kabuki Buyo or Taishu Engeki.
- 西洋の思想と技術とともに彼らの言語も伝えられ、様々なポルトガル語が外来語としてもたらされることとなった。
- Their language was introduced along with the Western thoughts and technology, and various words of the Portuguese language were brought into Japan as loan words.
- 当時、大当たりをとっていた福澤諭吉の『西洋旅案内』にあてこみ、これと膝栗毛の趣向を取り合わせたのである。
- This book blended the theme of Guide to Travel in the Western World written by Yukichi FUKUZAWA which was a big seller of the time and the spirit of the original Hizakurige.
- 幕府陸軍(ばくふりくぐん)とは、幕末に江戸幕府が編成した陸上戦闘を任務とした西洋式軍備の軍事組織である。
- Bakufu rikugun is a military organization with western-style armaments which was organized by Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in the Edo Period to accomplish battles on land as a mission.
- 初代一澤喜兵衛(嘉永6年生まれ)が行っていた西洋洗濯(クリーニング)や楽団KYOTO BANDが始まり。
- The first president Kihei ICHIZAWA (born in 1853) started a business with a laundry service and a band called KYOTO BAND.
- 大正時代までは西洋料理は外で食べるものという意識が強かったが、上層から家庭料理にも徐々に浸透しはじめる。
- Western-style dishes were rather considered eaten in restaurants until the Taisho period, but were gradually eaten at home as well.
- しかし、蘭学は蛮学(野蛮な学問)と罵られた時代、東洋医学を内科、西洋医学を外科とみなされるようになった。
- However, oriental medicine was considered as internal medicine and Western medicine was considered as surgery in that period when Rangaku was abused to call Bangaku (barbaric studies).
- 西洋史に登場する頭立った武人について、武将という語が用いられる例は少なく、将軍の語が当てられることが多い。
- In Western history, shogun is often used to address an outstanding warrior while busho is rarely used.
- 幕末期には病弱であった明治天皇も、士族による養育のためか健康も回復し、西洋的立憲君主としての心得も学んだ。
- Although Emperor Meiji was in poor health when he was a child, he recovered thanks to the education by warrior class palace staff, and then he learned how to be a western-style constitutional monarch.
- 夜に道路を利用して店舗を出す例では、廟街や西洋菜街(女人街)が有名であるが、衣料品や雑貨の販売に限られる。
- Another famous example, of street stalls operating their businesses at night time streets are, Temple Street and Sai Yeung Choi Street (Woman street), but these shops only sell clothing and miscellaneous goods.
- また、正岡子規にも西洋画を教えており、夏目漱石の小説「三四郎」の中に登場する深見画伯のモデルとも言われる。
- Also, he taught Western-style painting to Shiki MASAOKA, and Asai is said to be the model of Master Fukami, a painter who appeared in 'Sanshiro,' a novel by Soseki NATSUME.
- 開港場の居留地は、長く鎖国下にあった日本にとって西洋文明のショーウィンドーとなり、文明開化の拠点であった。
- The settlements in the opened ports were a sort of window into the wonders of the west for Japan, which had long been isolated from the world, and functioned as strongholds of enlightenment and civilization.
- 西洋式兵制(三兵戦術)の導入、兵賦令(旗本から石高に応じて農兵もしくは金を徴収する)の発布などが行われた。
- The military reform included the introduction of western military system (tactics of the three combat arms) and the issuance of Heifu rei (ordinance to draft farm soldiers or collect money from Hatamoto [direct retainers of the bakufu] depending on their kokudaka [a system for determining land value for tribute purposes in the Edo period]).
- したがって、中国の城の象徴的建物である正殿のような邸宅ではなく、西洋の城にあるkeep towerに近い。
- Therefore, Tenshu was not such a residence as Seiden (main palace) symbolic of a Chinese castle but closer to a keep tower of a European castle.
- さらに、大正・昭和の時代になって宮城道雄が伝統に根ざし、西洋音楽などの影響も受けた新たな曲を多数発表した。
- In the Taisho and Showa periods Michio MIYAGI released many new pieces which had their roots in traditional music but also drew from Western music.
- ニューハンプシャー南中部で発生し、マサチューセッツにコンコードとマンチェスターの中を流れて、大西洋に注ぐ川
- a river that rises in south central New Hampshire and flows through Concord and Manchester into Massachusetts and empties into the Atlantic Ocean
- そして、天保3年(1832年)、家臣の平山醇左衛門を長崎町年寄高島秋帆に入門させて、西洋式砲術を学ばせた。
- In 1832, Shigeyoshi made his vassal Junzaemon HIRAYAMA become a disciple of Shuhan TAKASHIMA, Nagasaki machi toshiyori (an important local officer under the Tokugawa Shogunate of Nagasaki-machi Town), to learn Western gunnery.
- 折りしも、8代征夷大将軍徳川吉宗は、西洋天文学に基づいて新暦作成のために天文方の西川正休を京都に派遣した。
- Anyway, the 8th generation Barbarian Subduing General Yoshimune TOKUGAWA sent the astronomical scholar Masayoshi NISHIKAWA to Kyoto, in an attempt to make a new calendar based on the Western astronomy.
- 天文現象に合理的な規則性を求める科学としての天文学の日本における成立は江戸時代の西洋天文学の伝来以後である。
- Astronomy as a science with the aim of seeking rational regularity was established in Japan only after Western astronomy was introduced in the Edo period.
- 建築家ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズが近江八幡で最初に設計した現存する3棟の大正時代築の西洋館で構成される。
- It consists of 3 Western-style residences which were built in the Taisho Period and exist to this day in the city, as well as being some of the first in the city to be designed by William Merrell VORIES.
- 明治維新が成ると官職を辞して、1869年には築地の洋風旅館、築地ホテルに勤め、西洋野菜の栽培などを手がける。
- Having left the government post after the Meiji Restoration, he worked for Tsukiji Hotel, a Western-style Japanese hotel, and cultivated Western vegetables.
- なお同年9月、美術審査員に任じられ、第一回日本美術展覧会官展の歴史(初期文展)西洋画部門審査の主任になった。
- In September of the same year, he was appointed as art examiner, and assumed office as chief examiner of the Western Historical Painting Department of the 1st Kanten (the Japan Fine Arts Exhibition, originally called Bunten).
- 和風住宅が一般的であった時代にあえて洋風の住まいを建てたからこそ、西洋館という呼び方をしたのだと考えられる。
- It is thought that the term seiyo-kan was used because these Western-style buildings were built at a time when Japanese-style buildings dominated.
- 幕末から明治にかけて、横浜絵、開化絵、錦絵新聞など、西洋の事物や日本の世情紹介に浮世絵が大きな役割を果たす。
- From the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period, such Ukiyoe as Yokohama-e (Yokohama pictures), Kaika-e (enlightenment pictures), Nishikie-shinbun (newspapers) and so on played an important role in introducing Western things as well as Japanese society.
- 色鮮やかな版画群は、世界で浮世絵だけであり、西洋美術にもこの分野はないことが評価につながっていると思われる。
- Ukiyoe is the world's only vivid-colored woodblock prints; Western pictorial art has no such category, which is thought to encourage its appreciation.
- これが西洋方面に伝播する過程で天使に、東洋方面に伝播する過程で飛天から天女へと変化していったと目されている。
- It is believed that in the process of the idea spreading to the West, they were changed to angels, and in the process of spreading to the East, they changed to hiten and then to tennyo.
- 西洋料理には「コース」という概念があり、何段階かに分けて異なる種類の料理(前菜、スープ、主菜など)を食べる。
- For Western dishes, there is the concept of 'courses,' and a different type dish (hors 'doeuvres, a soup, and a main dish) is served at several stages.
- 西洋音楽で言えば弦楽四重奏の各パートは緊密な重層的構造を成していて、絶対的に固定され一パートでも欠かせない。
- In the case of Western music, each part of a string quartet is linked tightly with another one in a polyphonic melody, so no single part is ever movable or dispensable.
- これは車剣や西洋のナイフ投げなどに多くみられる投擲方法で、車剣の投擲では剣に回転を与える動作が必要とされる。
- This method of toteki is common for kurumaken and knife throwing in the West, and in the toteki of kurumaken a movement as of spinning a sword is necessary.
- 蹄鉄とかたい先鋭なテールのように形成される半球形の甲羅を持っている北アメリカの大西洋岸の大きい海洋の節足動物
- large marine arthropod of the Atlantic coast of North America having a domed carapace that is shaped like a horseshoe and a stiff pointed tail
- 6月に開戦するが、薩摩との連携後軍備を整え、大村益次郎により西洋兵学の訓練を施された長州の諸隊が幕府軍を圧倒。
- The war started in June, and the troops of Choshu, better-equipped after the cooperation with Satsuma and trained in Western military theories by Masujiro OMURA, overwhelmed the bakufu.
- また、西洋においては腰に帯剣用のベルトを巻く他に、肩からたすき掛けにしたベルトに、鞘を取り付ける形式もあった。
- In the West, a crisscrossed shoulder belt fitted with a scabbard was also worn in addition to the waist belt for carrying a sword.
- 予嘗(かつ)て或人(あるひと)と議論せしこと有り、「西洋は野蛮じや」と云ひしかば、「否(い)な文明ぞ」と争ふ。
- 'Once I discussed about civilization with someone and when I said, 'The west is barbaric,' he retorted by saying, 'No, it is civilized'and, hence, we started to argue.
- 大村は宇和島藩で西洋兵学・蘭学の講義と翻訳を手がけ、1854年、55年には長崎へ赴いて軍艦製造の研究を行った。
- Omura gave lectures on and translated Western knowledge and military theory and, in 1854 and 1855, he went to Nagasaki to study the construction of warships.
- これは将来的には天皇を西洋的な立憲君主として近代国家の中枢に据えようとする太政官の方針と矛盾したものであった。
- This contradicted with the policy of Dajokan who hoped to put the Emperor at the center of a modern state as an western constitutional monarch in the future.
- そこで、日本人に西洋を範とした近代化を目に見える形とするため、大隈重信・伊藤博文らは鉄道の建設を行う事にした。
- Therefore, in order to visually show Japanese people what modernization modeled after Western countries would be like, Shigenobu OKUMA, Hirobumi ITO and others decided to construct a railway.
- さらに下って宮城道雄の作品においては、各パートは完全に固定され、西洋音楽のポリフォニーの概念も導入されている。
- As the modern age approached, Michio MIYAGI completely fixed all the parts in his tunes, and into them he introduced the Western concept of polyphony.
- 日本画家や西洋画家、彫刻家の他、金工や陶工、漆工といった諸工芸作家に加えて、刀工と写真家なども認定されている。
- The people certified as Teishitsu Gigeiin included Japanese-style painters, Western-style painters, sculptors, metalworkers, potters, lacquerers, swordsmiths, photographers, and so on.
- 難しい構え(心は外の世界からやむを得ず引き下がる)を制御息づかいに結合するヨーガ哲学の運動(西洋で人気がある)
- yogic exercises (popular in the West) that combine difficult postures (which force the mind to withdraw from the outside world) with controlled breathing
- その後、徳川慶喜が西洋軍制を採用する方針を固めた慶応2年12月(1866年、西暦では翌1867年)廃止された。
- It was later abolished permanently in December 1967 when Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA decided to adopt the Western military system.
- 文明開化(ぶんめいかいか)とは、明治の日本に西洋の文明が入ってきて、制度や習慣が大きく変化した現象のことを指す。
- The civilization and enlightenment occurred during the transitional phase of Japan in Meiji period, seeing drastic changes in various systems, organizations and cultural customs of Japan as the results of the Westernization.
- 明治8年(1875年)に執筆した『文明論之概略』の「西洋の文明を目的とす」の一節にて、以下の持論を展開している。
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- この諸隊の編制や訓練には高杉らが学んだ松下村塾の塾主・吉田松陰の『西洋歩兵論』などの影響があると指摘されている。
- It was pointed out that the organization and the training of those Choshu Domain's troops was influenced by 'The Theory of Western Foot Soldiers' written by Shoin YOSHIDA who was the school manager of the Shokason Juku TAKASUGI studied at.
- 日本において建築とは、まず近代化のために西洋から学ぶべき技術として捉えられ、芸術・美術と捉える意識は薄くなった。
- Architecture was always considered a technology of modernization which was to be learned from the West and the concept of architecture as art has not developed in Japan
- 撒菱と似た道具として中世西洋でカルトロップと呼ばれる鉄製の撒菱があり、騎兵や戦象の突進を鈍らせる為に使用された。
- As a tool similar to makibishi, there existed a makibishi made of iron, which was called caltrop in Medieval Europe, and it was used to slow down the advance of horses, war elephants.
- その場合は西洋音楽の移調とは異なり、その調子に含まれる音階に沿って演奏されるため、メロディラインが若干変化する。
- In this case, being different from the transposition of Western music, the melody line varies slightly because it is played along with the musical scale that constitutes the tune.
- 時代や社会階層や地域によって差があり、調理法も、古くから東アジア諸国、西洋などからの伝来を発祥とするものが多い。
- Nihon-ryori dishes depend on the era, social class or area, and many of the cooking methods originated in what was brought to Japan from East-Asian nations or from Europe.
- 近年の新作曲では、西洋のフルートやピッコロ同様にタンギング、ビブラートも「現代奏法」として用いられることがある。
- In some pieces which have been newly composed in recent years, the techniques of tonguing and vibration are used as 'the modern style of playing' like they are used with Western flute and piccolo.
- はじめて同一曲内において尺八のパートまで作曲したのは宮城道雄であり、西洋音楽の合奏法を取り入れて作曲されている。
- It was Michio MIYAGI who composed not only the koto part but also the shakuhachi part of a tune for the first time in history, and he introduced the ensemble method of Western music into his tunes.
- 西洋音楽は、その発達の段階で旋法から調性音楽に基づくようになり、純正律に代えて転調に有利な平均律を導入してきた。
- As Western music advanced from the stage at which it was based on musical modes to the stage at which it was based more on tonality, the theory of equal temperament, which was suitable for modulation, was introduced and superceded pure temperament.
- 1859年(安政元年)、老中久世広周により禄百石の物頭格御使番に格上げされ、幕府の西洋砲術及び蘭学の師範となる。
- In 1859, he was promoted to Monogashira-kaku Otsukaiban (a person responsible for order and patrol in the battlefield, at Military Commanders status) with a stipend of 100 koku by a roju (senior councilor) Hirochika KUZE and became a grand master of Western gunnery and Western studies in bakufu.
- しかし長い鎖国の間に西洋の軍事技術との差は開いて自製は困難であったから、ほとんどは外国商人から購入してまかなった。
- However, it was difficult to produce them by themselves as there was a large technological difference between Japan, which had closed itself for quite a long time, and Western nations, so most of the weapons were purchased from foreign traders.
- 桜田門外の変の後、文久2年(1862年)に、文久の改革の一環として本格的な西洋式軍隊である「陸軍」の創設がされた。
- In 1862, after the Sakuradamongai Incident, `rikugun,' the full-scale western-style army as a part of Bunkyu Reform, was established.
- 安政3年(1856年)4月に開場された講武所では、古来の剣術などだけでなく、西洋式の砲術や戦術学の研究も行われた。
- In the Kobu jo which opened in April 1856, not only ancient swordplay but also the western-style gunnery and tactics were studied.
- 和魂洋才と言う発想は、明治維新の文明開化以来の「優れた西洋文化と遅れた日本文化」という構図に反発する意味もあった。
- The idea of Wakon yosai was against the idea that 'Western culture is superior and Japanese culture is behind', which emerged after the civilization and enlightenment of the Meiji restoration.
- イタリアの電気技師で、無線電信術を発明し、1901年に大西洋を横断して無線信号を伝導した(1874年−1937年)
- Italian electrical engineer who invented wireless telegraphy and in 1901 transmitted radio signals across the Atlantic Ocean (1874-1937)
- 紀元前27年にオーガストゥスによって設立されて、西暦395年に西洋のローマ帝国と東に分割された帝国かビザンチン帝国
- an empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the eastern or Byzantine Empire
- まだ小規模ではあったが、日本が初めて西洋文化と直接(中国などを介さずに、正式な形で)触れ合ったという点で重要である。
- It is significant that Japan had the first contact with Western culture (formally, without China, etc., acting as an intermediary), although it was still small in scale.
- しかし、強い自我を持っており、西洋占星術で用いられる水晶球を鏡に変えたようなところもあって、雲外鏡とは大きく異なる。
- But this magic mirror is quite different from Ungaikyo, because the former has a strong ego and is characteristic of the crystal ball used in the Western astrology.
- 十二月将(じゅうにげっしょう)とは、太陽が黄道上のどの位置にあるかの指標で、西洋占星術のサインと1対1の対応がある。
- Junigessho (Twelve gessho) refers to the marker that indicates the position of the sun on the ecliptic, and its signs correspond to those of the Western astrology one to one.
- また、天文学においては『星学疑問』(1874年)、『天地論征論』(1881年)を著して西洋天文学と徹底的に対決した。
- In the field of astronomy, he was completely against Western astronomy by writing 'Seigaku gimon' (literally, 'questions of studies of stars' (1874) and 'Tenchiron seiron'(1881).
- 天井が高く、開放性が低い西洋館の造りは四季の気温の変化が大きく多雨多湿の日本の風土とは必ずしも適合しない面があった。
- However, the structure of seiyo-kan buildings with its high ceilings and closed spaces was not suitable for the Japanese climate in which temperatures fluctuate considerably throughout the four seasons with frequent rains and high humidity.
- この暦法では、西洋天文学の書物の中国語訳である『暦象考成後編』を元に、月や太陽の運行に楕円軌道法や消長法を採用した。
- This rekiho adopted the theory that the orbit of the sun and the moon is ellipse and the method that formulated a periodical variation of astronomical constants in calculating the celestial movement, based on 'Rekisho kosei kohen (A Complete Carendrical Treatise on the Method of Calculating the Celestial Movement: a Sequel to the Former Work),' a translation of the Chinese version of Western astronomy books.
- やがて西洋一辺倒の時期が過ぎると、地歌は箏曲、尺八とともに全国に普及した家庭音楽となり、広く愛好されるようになった。
- Once the period of the spread of exclusively Western culture was over, jiuta, along with sokyoku and shakuhachi (Japanese bamboo flute), spread throughout Japan to become home music, and they became popular.
- 更に晴雄は西洋のグレゴリオ暦の導入の動きを察して、太陽暦を排して従来の太陰太陽暦の維持を図るために明治改暦を提唱した。
- Furthermore, Haruo smelled a trend to implement the Western Gregorian calendar, and suggested Meiji kaireki (changing of calendar in the Meiji period) in order to maintain the lunar-solar calendar instead of introducing the solar calendar.
- 続いて、ブルームズベリー・グループのアーサー・ウェイリーにより、『源氏物語』は西洋世界に本格的に紹介されることになる。
- Eventually, 'The Tale of Genji' was seriously introduced to the Western world by Arthur WALEY, of the Bloomsbury Group.
- 戦後は古い文化のみならず、アニメや日本の漫画、オタクといった新しい文化産業も西洋やアジア諸国では注目を浴びてきている。
- After the war, not only traditional culture but also modern cultural industries such as animation, Japanese Manga (cartoons) and otaku ('nerd' culture) are increasingly popular in the West and various parts of Asia.
- 居留地建築に刺激を受けた日本の大工棟梁は、見よう見まねで西洋のデザインを採り入れた事務所、ホテル、学校などを建設した。
- Japanese master carpenters were stimulated by buildings in foreign settlements and they built office buildings, hotels and schools mimicking the western-style design.
- 西洋建築の技術にも刺激され、大工道具の質も上がり、職人の交流も活発になったことなどで、建築の質は全体に向上していった。
- Affected by technologies in European architecture, carpenters' tools had been improved and craftsmen had interacted with each other actively, improving the quality of buildings as a whole.
- 中国の律を低いものから高いものへと並べ、西洋音楽の音名と対照すると以下のようになる(規準音である黄鐘をCとした場合。)
- The following is the Ritsu of China that are placed in the order of lowest to highest, in comparison with the pitch name of western music (Kosho [the first note of the ancient chromatic scale]; the reference tone, is set at C).
- (西洋料理でいうフォンやブイヨン、中国料理でいう湯(タン)にあたるが、それらの料理では素材を長く煮詰めることが多い。)
- (The counterparts in Western cuisine are fond and bouillon, while that in Chinese cuisine is tan, but these are generally extracted by simmering the material for several hours.)
- 北アメリカとカリブ海の小集団は、西洋文化から自分たちを隔離し、彼らが異端者と見なす他のイスラム教徒を攻撃さえするだろう
- the cells in North America and the Caribbean insulate themselves from Western culture and will even attack other Muslims who they regard as heretics
- 西洋では、旧暦(old calendar / old style)とはグレゴリオ暦に改暦する前のユリウス暦のことである。
- In the West the old calendar (old style) refers to the Julian calendar before the Gregorian reform.
- 洋風画(ようふうが)は、明治時代以前、油彩画の道具が日本にまだ輸入されていなかった頃に、西洋画を見よう見真似で描いた絵。
- Western-influenced paintings were made prior to the Meiji Period before oil painting tools were imported into Japan, and artists could only mimic examples of Western paintings.
- ドイツに4年留学した鴎外は、閉鎖的で縛られたような人間関係を好まず、西洋風の社交的なサロンの雰囲気を好んでいたとされる。
- Ogai who had spent four years in Germany seemed to prefer the sociable atmosphere of Western style lounges to closed, restricted human relationships.
- 元来、西洋のフルートも篠笛のような素朴な姿ををしていたが、近代的改良を経て現在の金管・キー装置を備えた形態になっている。
- Western flutes originally had a simple form like the shinobue, but underwent modern improvements so that current western flutes include a gold tube and key equipment.
- 明治初期の1876年、明治政府は西洋画法を学ぶためイタリアからアントニオ・フォンタネージを招き、工部美術学校を創立した。
- In 1876, at the beginning of the Meiji period, in order to promote the study of Western Art, the Meiji government established an art school and invited Antonio Fontanesi from Italy.
- 明治時代になると、日本には西洋式数学が導入されることとなったが、算額奉納の風習は、この導入を容易にしたとも評価されている。
- The culture of dedicating mathematical puzzles is appreciated as having served as a catalyst for introducing Western-style mathematics into Japan in the Meiji Period.
- 明治に入ってからの日本文学は、江戸の戯作の流れを汲む戯作文学か、西洋の思想・風俗を伝え啓蒙するための政治小説が中心だった。
- Japanese literature in the early Meiji Period can be classified in two main categories: gesaku literature (literary work of a playful, mocking, joking, silly or frivolous nature) literature based on gesaku in the Edo period and political novels to introduce Western thoughts and customs and enlighten the readers.
- 明治時代に洋風の住宅(西洋館)に住むのは、政治家、実業家などごく限られた階層の一部の者であり、ほとんどは和風住宅であった。
- In the Meiji period, only a small number of persons in limited social classes, such as politicians and successful businessmen, lived in western style houses, and most people lived in traditional Japanese style houses.
- なお、蔵元のなかには西洋のワインにおけるヴィンテージという考え方を導入し、ラベルに酒の製造年度を明記しているところもある。
- Some sake breweries have introduced the concept of vintage for wine in the West to sake, and display the year of production of sake on the label.
- またインドからイギリスを経由して伝わったカレーライスなどは代表的な洋食の一つに位置付けられているが、西洋料理とは言い難い。
- Curry and rice introduced from India via the UK is supposed to be a typical Western dish, but it is difficult to define so.
- 1853年に浦賀に着いたマシュー・ペリーの艦隊には楽隊が含まれており、この後、多くの西洋の楽器が日本に流入することになる。
- A military band was on board Mathew Perry's fleet which arrived at Uraga in 1853, and many western instruments were imported into Japan after this time.
- 欧米ではルネサンスに匹敵する、西洋近代的な美意識と科学的パースペクティヴの、大きな変革運動の一つの段階として見られている。
- In Western countries, it is seen as one stage of a large transformative movement in the Western modern sense of beauty and scientific perspective, comparable to the Renaissance.
- 救済が西洋人によってもたらされる富(『カーゴ』)の形で訪れると考えているいくつかの千年至福説信奉者教団のうちの1つの支持者
- the followers of one of several millenarian cults that believe salvation will come in the form of wealth (`cargo') brought by westerners
- 1591年3月3日(天正19年旧暦1月8日) 聚楽第において豊臣秀吉を前に、西洋音楽(ジョスカン・デ・プレの曲)を演奏する。
- February 1, 1591 - Played Western music (pieces of Josquin des Pres) in the presence of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI at Jurakudai residence.
- 明治になり、西洋文化の影響で牛肉食が始まり松阪牛の普及に伊勢商人が貢献したように近江商人の活躍があったためともいわれている。
- During the Meiji Period, people started to eat beef under the influence of the western culture and Omi shonin (Omi merchants) reportedly contributed to the spread of beef consumption as Ise shonin (Ise merchants) did to the spread of Matsuzaka beef.
- 明治時代以後になると古い儒学系統の学問は衰微して、代わって西洋の学問研究を取り入れた「支那学」として再構築されるようになる。
- From the Meiji period, the studies of old form of Confucianism declined and was replaced and restructured as 'shinagaku' which incorporated studies of western studies.
- 吉雄耕牛・平賀源内・大槻玄沢らのように、オランダ正月と呼ばれる、太陽暦で祝う正月行事などの西洋式習俗を楽しむ学者などもいた。
- There were also scholars like Kogyu YOSHIO, Gennai HIRAGA, and Gentaku OTSUKI who enjoyed Western manners and customs, including New Year celebrations according to the solar calendar called Dutch New Year.
- アヘン戦争の情報などから次第に危機感を覚えた幕府は、高島秋帆や江川英龍らを砲術師範などに登用して西洋式軍備の研究を開始した。
- The bakufu, which gradually developed a sense of crisis as they gained the information on the Opium War, appointed Shuhan TAKASHIMA and Hidetatsu EGAWA to the instructors of gunnery, commencing studies on the western-style armament.
- 高島秋帆の西洋砲術、江川英龍(太郎左衛門)の韮山反射炉、勝海舟の長崎海軍伝習所など、幕府洋学は軍事的実学性の強いものであった。
- Bakufu Yogaku such as Western gunnery of Shuhan TAKASHIMA, Nirayama Reverberatory furnace of Hidetatsu (Tarozaemon) EGAWA, and Kaigun Denshu-sho (The Nagasaki Naval Training Center) of Kaishu KATSU were highly practical for military purposes.
- 殖産興業(しょくさんこうぎょう)とは、明治政府が西洋諸国に対抗し、産業、資本主義育成により国家の近代化を推進した諸政策を指す。
- Shokusan-kogyo is the policies in which the Meiji government accelerated modernization of the nation by encouraging industry and nurturing capitalism in order to compete with Western countries.
- 海外公演を精力的に行うほか、西洋音楽作曲家やオペラ歌手との共同制作上演や、現代演劇とのコラボレーションなど新境地の開拓を行う。
- He actively performs in foreign countries and explores new realms of activity including joint production and performances with Western music composers and opera singers and collaborative performance with modern dramas.
- この中に「邦国の権利」という部分があり、これは『西洋事情』にはない部分であるが、ここに国際法についての詳しい知識がうかがえる。
- In the book there is a part called 'Right of a country' and there is no equivalent part in 'Seiyo Jijo' but detailed knowledge on international law can be seen in this part.
- 蘭癖(らんぺき)は江戸時代、蘭学に傾注したり、オランダ式(あるいは西洋式)の習俗を憧憬・模倣するような人を指した呼び名である。
- Ranpeki refers to people who devoted themselves to Western learning, or yearned and copied Dutch (or Western) manners and customs in the Edo period.
- その後明治・大正期の文明開化の流れの中で西洋文化がもてはやされたことから、中国文化に由来する煎茶道は一時衰退を余儀なくされる。
- Later in the tide of 'civilization and enlightenment' during the Meiji and Taisho eras, as western culture became more popular, sencha-do which derived from Chinese culture was obliged to fall off temporarily.
- しかしそもそも吹奏楽は西洋のものであって、明治初年の日本ではなじみがなく、当初はNational anthemの訳語もなかった。
- As wind-instrument music originally belonged to the Occident, however, it was not accustomed in Japan in the beginning of the Meiji Period and, at first, there were no words to translate 'national anthem.'
- また西洋画法を取りいれ、遠近法が活用されている事、当時流行していた“ベロ藍”ことプルシャンブルーを用いて摺ったことも特色である。
- Borrowing the technique of Western-style painting, it was drawn in perspective, and printed with Persian blue ink called 'Bero ai,' which was popular in use at that time; these are the features of this work.
- 19世紀末に西洋で隆盛を得たジャポネスクブームとともに紹介された日本のいけばな「華道」の花姿はほとんどが遠州流の花の図であった。
- Most of the paintings of 'kado,' Japanese ikebana, that were introduced to the Western world at the end of 19th cenury under the boom of Japanese culture were those of Enshu school.
- 『蘭学事始』は、戦国末期の西洋との接触から話を始め、蘭方医学の起こり、青木昆陽と野呂元丈によるオランダ語研究などを記述している。
- 'Rangaku Kotohajime' starts with Japan's encounter with the West in the late Sengoku Period, and went on describing the beginning of Dutch medicine in Japan and the study of Dutch language by Konyo AOKI and Genjo NORO.
- 元田は高崎正風・仙石政固らとともに編纂作業を行い1881年夏に一応の完成を見たものの、西洋の事例を取り上げるかで議論が分かれた。
- MOTODA began compiling with Masakaze TAKASAKI and Masakata SENGOKU and more or less finished in the summer of 1881, however, there was a debate whether to adopt cases from the West or not.
- 伝習隊(でんしゅうたい)とは、江戸幕府が幕府陸軍の精鋭部隊として編成した、フランス軍事顧問団の直接指導を受ける西洋式軍隊のこと。
- Denshutai (Edo shogunate's army) refers to the western-style army which was organized by Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as the elite troops of the bakufu army, and was directly trained by the French Military Advisory Group.
- これは日本の温泉が、流入した西洋医学の崇拝が妨げとなって、しばらく温泉療法が民間療法と見做されて研究が遅れたのとは対称的である。
- In Japan, by contrast, spa therapy had been deemed as folk therapy for a while because of the adoration for the newly imported western medicine and spa research was delayed.
- 朝鮮出兵により朝鮮人技術者の技術を移植した木版による活字印刷と、イエズス会のヴァリニャーニが伝えた西洋の活字印刷によるものがある。
- There are the type printing by wood block, which was prepared by transferring the know-how of Korean technicians upon the dispatch of troops to Korea, and the Western type printing, which was introduced by Valignano, from the Society of Jesus.
- 政府のトップが長期間政府を離れ外遊するというのは異例であるが、直に西洋文明や思想に触れたという経験が彼らに与えた影響は評価される。
- Although it was unusual for senior government members to leave the government and travel abroad for a long period of time, they are believed to have done so on the basis that it would enable them to directly experience Western civilization and thought, which had a great impact on them.
- だが、1881年(明治14年)の刑法導入によって、古代以来の中国法系の刑事法制は幕を閉じ、西洋法系の刑事法制に転換される事になった。
- However, with the introduction of criminal law in 1881, the criminal legal system under the Chinese system of law since ancient times ended and shifted over to the criminal legal system under the Western system of law.
- 一方、「荒城の月」は「七五、七五、…、七五」と繰り返される和歌であるが、和歌のリズムをあまり崩さずに西洋音楽に適合させた名曲である。
- On the other hand, 'Kojo no tsuki (The Moon Over the Deserted Castle)' is an excellent piece of music that has been applied to Western-style harmony without destroying the waka rhythm of seven and five syllables.
- 従来の通説では西洋の学問を中心にした集まりとされたが、主宰の勝助は儒学者であり、蘭学に限らない、より幅の広い集団であったようである。
- According to the traditional prevailing view, it was considered as a group centered on Western learning, but it seems to have been actually a group based not only on the Dutch, but also on a wide range of varied learning as the promoter, Katsusuke was a Confucianist.
- 西洋では、古代には現在の3月ごろを年初としていた(冬には暦がなかった)が、後に冬至の時期を年初とするようになった(ローマ暦を参照)。
- In ancient times in the West, the time of year around March of the current calendar was considered as the beginning of the year (and calendar for winter didn't exist) but later on, the winter solstice was considered as the beginning of the year (referring to the Roman calendar.)
- 西洋楽器との合奏が増えるにつれ、これを更に平均律に近付けた「ドレミ調」篠笛、「みさと笛」(商標)等の「改良型篠笛」も開発されている。
- As the opportunity to play the shino-bue together with western musical instruments increases, 'improved versions of the shino-bue' with a musical score that is closer to the meantone temperament, such as the 'do re mi-like shino-bue' and the 'misato-bue flute' (trademark), have been developed.
- 日本人離れしたこの美しい相貌からもわかるように、優奈は実は生粋の日本人じゃない。西洋人をおばあちゃんに持つ、クォーターだったりする。
- As you can also tell from these beautiful, far from Japanese, looks, Yuna is not pure-blood Japanese. She's a quarter-blood with a westerner as grandmother.
- 一方で、第二次大戦後の文化財保護法では指定の対象となっていない西洋絵画がわずかながら重要美術品等認定物件となっていることは注目される。
- Meanwhile, it is noteworthy that the properties accredited as an important art object do include some European paintings which were not subject to the designation under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties after World War II.
- 洋食が庶民の味として定着したのは戦後であり、食糧難もあって連合軍からもたらされた西洋風の食糧を食卓に受け入れざるを得ない事情もあった。
- The postwar period saw Yoshoku become more popular among common people, which was partly due to the fact that they received western food from the allied forces based on a lack of food.
- 実際、洋服が日本で普及する以前は、日本人は衣服一般を「着物」と呼んでいて、着物という言葉に日本文化と西洋文化を区別する意味はなかった。
- In fact, as the Japanese people used the word Kimono to indicate clothing in general sense before Western style clothing has prevailed, the word Kimono was not used to differentiate the Japanese culture from the Western culture.
- 明治時代に入り、西洋の知識・学問・文化が一気に流入するようになると、岡倉天心らによって、それらを日本流に摂取すべきという主張が現れた。
- The sudden influx of Western knowledge, scholarship, and culture during the Meiji period led Tenshin OKAKURA and others to claim that they should be assimilated into the Japanese style.
- 安政3年(1856年)には幕府が新設した長崎海軍伝習所に入所、国際情勢や蘭学と呼ばれた西洋の学問や航海術・舎密学(化学)などを学んだ。
- In 1856, he entered the Naval Training Center in Nagasaki, which had been newly established by bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), where he studied the international situation, Western studies called Rangaku, seamanship, chemistry, etc.
- 菌類の属で、ヒマラヤスギや、ネズ属、ショウナンボク属などの他の針葉樹に瘤を生じ、リンゴ、西洋梨、バラ科の植物に赤褐色の斑点を引き起こす
- genus of fungi that produce galls on cedars and other conifers of genera Juniperus and Libocedrus and causes rust spots on apples and pears and other plants of family Rosaceae
- 郷里に近い国泰寺 (高岡市)での禅経験(居士号は寸心)と近代哲学を基礎に、仏教思想、西洋哲学をより根本的な地点から融合させようとした。
- He tried to merge Buddhist concepts with Western philosophy from a more fundamental aspect based on his experience of Zen meditation (Sunshin Koji) in Kokutai-ji Temple (Takaoka City) and philosophy in recent times near his hometown.
- 途中、韮山にて砲術を中心とした西洋式の軍事の私塾である江川塾(砲術家高島秋帆の門下江川坦庵が開いた洋式軍事学校)にて砲術の研究をする。
- On the way, he studied gunnery in a Western style private military school focusing on gunnery, Egawa juku (a Western style military school started by Tanan EGAWA, a disciple of Shuhan TAKASHIMA, a hojutsuka) in Nirayama.
- 太平洋戦争中は、西洋思想を日本に広めた福沢が貶められ、それを暗殺しようとした増田の評価が高まり、生家跡地には神社まで建立されたという。
- During the Pacific War, Fukuzawa, who promoted Western Thought, was not supported, and thus Masuda who tried to kill him became highly evaluated and a shrine was even built at the site of his birthplace.
- During the Pacific War, Fukuzawa, who had spread Western thought throughout Japan, was diminished, whereas the reputation of Masuda, who had tried to assassinate Fukuzawa, was much enhanced so that a shrine was built on the site of his birthplace.
- 明治以降、日本での馬術は、伝統の馬術を廃して西洋馬術を主に、大日本帝国陸軍(陸軍騎兵学校を参照)において導入し発達したという経緯がある。
- In the Meiji era, the Japanese Imperial Army (refer to 'the Military Equestrian School of Japan') discarded the Japanese traditional equestrianism, adopted mainly the European equestrianism, and developed it.
- またそれらの一部が海外にも渡ったこともあり、西洋のフラワーアレンジにもこの流派の曲線(ラインアレンジ)が影響を及ぼしたとも言われている。
- As some of them were exported overseas, it is said that the line arrangement of this school had an impact on western flower arrangement.
- 明治維新のころも、西洋の文物を輸入するときに、翻訳語として漢文に源流をもつ語彙が多く採用されたこともあって、漢詩が流行した時期もあった。
- Around the time of the Meiji Restoration, when many western books were imported, many vocabularies which had Chinese origin were adopted as they were translated, so there was a time when Chinese poetry became popular.
- 1861年より横浜居留地内で居留外国人によって西洋式の競馬が行われるようになり、1866年に横濱競馬場が建設された後は特に盛んとなった。
- Western-style horse racing was first conducted by the foreigners living in Yokohama settlement beginning in 1861, and the practice flourished even more after the Yokohama horse-racing track was built in 1866.
- 介石の理論は西洋天文学に比しては非科学的であったが、仏教経典と自己の独創性のみによってこれだけの理論を打ち立てた彼の才能は評価に値する。
- Kaiseki's theory was non-scientific, compared with western astrology, but his ability to establish such theory only from Buddhist scriptures and his own originality was worth praising.
- この形式の屋根は西洋では少ないが、中国、韓国、日本、台湾のほか、ベトナム、タイ王国、インド、インドネシア等、東洋の寺院でも良く見られる。
- Though rarely seen in Western countries, roofs of this type are used in temples in Eastern countries, such as Viet Nam, Kingdom of Thailand, India and Indonesia, in addition to China, Korea, Japan and Taiwan.
- 渋川景佑らが西洋天文学の成果を取り入れて完成させた暦で、実施された太陰太陽暦としてはそれまでで最も精密なものであるとして評価されている。
- Kagesuke SHIBUKAWA completed this calendar after he introduced western astronomy to Japan, and the calendar was considered the most accurate lunar solar calendar which had been practically used.
- 西洋における伝承中では、自然霊的な精霊ないし妖精(フェアリー)のうち女性の姿をとるものがこのイメージに近しいため、しばしば同一視される。
- Tennyo are often identified as natural spirits and sprites (fairies) from Western folklore since they have a female form and a similar image.
- 伝統のある貴族的な高い教養を持った外交官はひそかにその試みをむしばみました。・・・西洋の民主主義とドイツを結ぶために。−C.G.バワーズ
- oldline aristocratic diplomats underhandedly undermined the attempt...to align Germany with the Western democracies- C.G.Bowers
- 小さいボートによって使用される、オキチョビー湖、カルーサハチCanal、およびカルーサハチ川を通って大西洋とメキシコ湾の間を旅行する水路
- a waterway used by small boats to travel between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico through Lake Okeechobee and the Caloosahatchee Canal and the Caloosahatchee River
- 和魂洋才(わこんようさい)とは、日本古来の精神世界を大切にしつつ西洋の技術を受け入れ、両者を調和させ発展させていくという意味の言葉である。
- Wakon yosai (Japanese spirit with Western learning) means adopting Western arts while valuing Japanese traditional spirituality, and harmonizing as well as developing them.
- 国内には、海外流出分の何倍かは残っており、世界に稀に見る芸術作品群として、西洋の評価だけにとらわれない更なる研究が進むことが望まれている。
- As Ukiyoe remain domestically in multiples of those that have been scattered overseas, it is hoped that studies will further proceed for Ukiyoe as a rare art work in the world, so that appreciation of the form isn't limited to the West.
- 鹿児島町吏、さらに大坂の蔵屋敷用達を命ぜられたが、貿易に着目して藩庁を説き、西洋型帆船数隻を購入して薩摩国産物を畿内に輸送、巨利を博した。
- Although he was assigned as a Kagoshima municipal officer and Kurayashiki-warehouses officer, he convinced the domain to purchase a few Western sailing ships and gained an enormous profit by transporting goods from Satsuma to eastern regions.
- 日本の美術は、縄文時代を例外として、常に外国(近世以前はおもに中国、近代以降はおもに西洋)の影響を強く受けつつ、独自の様式を発達させてきた。
- Japanese art has developed its peculiar style always - except for the Jomon period - under the great influence of other countries - mainly that of China before the early modern ages, and that of Western countries after the modern age.
- そのため、欧化政策など日本が西洋と対等たらんとする様々な政策が行われたが、条約改正自体は半世紀におよぶ不断の努力を必要とした(→条約改正)。
- Because of this, although the government proceeded with various policies such as the Westernization policy in order to be equal to western countries, it took a half century to revise the unequal treaty.
- 彼の著作『西遊見聞』()は福沢諭吉の『西洋事情』から深い影響を受けて著された啓蒙書であって、「両截体制」ということばは、この著作に由来する。
- His work 'Saiyu Kenbun' was an enlightening book deeply affected by 'Seiyo Jijo' by Yukichi FUKUZAWA, and the word 'Ryosetsu system' is originally from the book.
- 伝統的な和風住宅が圧倒的な時代に造られた西洋館には、エキゾチックなイメージと怪しげな雰囲気が醸し出され、しばしば探偵小説などの舞台になった。
- In an age when traditional Japanese houses were the majority, seiyo-kan buildings had an exotic image and mysterious atmosphere, and were frequently used as a setting for detective stories.
- 「永遠なるもの」を追求し、そこに美を感じ取る西洋人の姿勢に対し、日本人の多くは移ろいゆくものにこそ美を感じる傾向を根強く持っているとされる。
- While Westerners sought beauty in 'eternal beings,' many Japanese have a strong tendency to seek beauty in transforming things.
- 明治時代になると、西洋化近代化が国家目標になり、美術分野でもお雇い外国人による指導が行われ、芸術の本場と考えられたフランスへ留学する者もいた。
- In the Meiji period, the Japanese government set a national goal of westernization and modernization, and therefore, also in the art field, hired foreigners taught Japanese, and since France was deemed the home of art, some Japanese went there for study.
- その後朝鮮は似たような内容の条約を他の西洋諸国(アメリカ合衆国、イギリス、ドイツ、ロシア帝国、フランス)とも同様の条約を締結することとなった。
- Later, Korea concluded treaties with similar contents between other Western countries (the United States of America, England, Germany, the Russian Empire, and France).
- 司馬遼太郎のように「攘夷派を弾圧したが開国論でもなく西洋嫌いであった(『花神 (小説)』の記述を要約)」と彼に対して厳しい評価をする者もいる。
- Some people, such as Ryotaro SHIBA, regard Naosuke bitterly, claiming that 'he oppressed the Joi-ha, but was not aiming for the opening of Japan to the West, even hated the West' (summary of statements in the novel 'Kashin' or 'Flower God').
- ムシカとはスペイン語で音楽を意味する「ムジカ」に由来し、宗麟はかつて西洋の音楽を聴いて非常に感銘を受け、その旋律のように平和な理想郷を夢見た。
- Mushika came from 'Mujika' meaning music in Spanish, and Sorin was so impressed after listening to Western music and dreamed of a peaceful ideal world like its melody.
- 眼鏡絵とは、風景などを西洋画の線遠近法を応用して描き、これを「覗き眼鏡」という凸レンズを嵌めた箱を通して見ると立体的に見えるというものである。
- Megane-e are pictures that use the western line perspective method to draw landscapes, etc., which appear three-dimensional when looked at through a convex lense called Nozoki megane which is placed in a box.
- この乱の後、西洋的方法を視野に入れた政治改革の必要を認識した西太后は、かつて自らが失敗させた戊戌の変法を手本としたいわゆる光緒新政を開始した。
- Empress Dowager Cixi acknowledged the need for post-war political reform involving western techniques, and started the new Guangxu government based on the Hundred Days' Reform that she had previously made to fail.
- この部分のために、共鳴モードの成立が妨げられ、西洋の平均律はもちろん、日本の各種音階とも異なる独特の音階と、極めてかん高いヒシギ音が得られる。
- This part prevents from forming resonate mode and enables to get the original scales which differ from all sorts of Japanese ones, not to mention the temperament in the West, as well as an extremely high pitched sound called hishigi.
- だがこれも西洋のスティックの使い方で、染色やパーマなどでコシのある黒髪の人が減り、日本人女性の髪質が変化したから使えるようになったとも言える。
- However, the above is a way to use the western stick and the reason why such technique became applicable to Japanese women is because their hair quality has changed and the number of women with firm black hair has decreased due to hair dyeing and permanents.
- こうして、三曲合奏は日本の伝統音楽の中でも合奏音楽として重要な位置を占めており、明治以降、西洋音楽にももっとも早くから対応することにもなった。
- In this way, of all kinds of traditional Japanese music, sankyoku gasso came to occupy an important position as ensemble music, and it was able to catch up with Western music in and after the Meiji period sooner than any other music in Japan.
- そして帰国後、そこで習得した西洋料理のコンソメと中国風鶏のスープをアレンジし、1905年に博多水炊きを完成させたのが起源であるという説もある。
- After he came back to Japan, he is said to have arranged Western consomme and Chinese chicken soup that he had learned there to make the original Hakata mizutaki in 1905.
- ポルトガルの探検家で、1488年に喜望峰に着いた最初のヨーロッパ人(これにより、大西洋からアジアまで航路を確立する)(1450年−1500年)
- Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500)
- 特に東京吉兆の「銀座店」や「ホテル西洋銀座店」、大阪の本吉兆高麗橋店、京都吉兆嵐山店などは、政財界有力者や外国要人の接待で利用されることが多い。
- In particular, the 'Ginza shop' and 'Hotel Seiyo Ginza shop' operated by Tokyo Kitcho, Koraibashi shop operated by Honkitcho in Osaka, and Arashiyama shop operated by Kyoto Kitcho are often used to entertain influential people in politics and business, as well as foreign VIPs.
- しかし、明治の初めの西洋数学導入は、技術を支える道具の輸入という面が強く、初期の「洋算家」には技術者など数学の専門家とは言えないものも多かった。
- However, the introduction of western mathematics at the beginning of the Meiji period emphasized the importation of technical tools from the west, and as such, the early 'yosan mathematicians' were technicians, rather than experts of mathematics.
- フランス料理店やイタリア料理店など欧米各国のレシピに則った料理を供する形態も存在するが、欧米の料理(西洋料理)を日本人向けにしたものも多数ある。
- Although there are orthodox western restaurants including French and Italian which follow recipes from their origins in Western countries, many restaurants have added their own changes in order to fit Japanese people's taste.
- 八橋検校の没年1685年は、西洋音楽ではヨハン・セバスチャン・バッハ、ジョージ・フレデリック・ヘンデル、ドメニコ・スカルラッティの生年でもある。
- 1685, the year of Yatsuhashi Kengyo's death, was the year of birth of Yohhan Sebastian Bach, Georg Friedrich Handel and Domenico Scarlatti.
- そのほかに1778年9月『画法綱領』、『画図理解』という日本最初の西洋画論ともいえる理論書を執筆しており、これは秋田蘭画の理論的支柱となっている。
- In addition, he also wrote the first books on theories of Western-style painting in Japan, such as 'Gaho Koryo' (Summary of Painting Laws) and 'Gazu Rikai' (Understanding Painting) in September of 1778, which became the theoretical fulcrum point of Akita Ranga.
- それによると、この条約により各地の港が開かれ、役人や通訳などの直接外国人と交渉をする立場の人間を中心として、服装の西洋化が広まっていくことになる。
- According to this theory, westernized clothing style became widespread mainly among officers or interpreters who had negotiations with foreigners in person after ports throughout Japan were opened due to the treaty.
- 「徴兵告諭」の一節:「人たるもの固(もと)より心力を尽し国に報ひざるべからず。西人(西洋人)之を称して血税と云ふ。其生血を以て国に報するの謂なり」
- One passage of 'Proclamation of Conscription': 'A man should devote himself to the nation mentally and physically. The Westerners call it blood tax. This means a man should devote himself to his country with his own blood.'
- 東山銀閣寺の近くに建つ京都大学人文科学研究所東方部は、キリスト教会のような塔を持った美しい西洋風の建物で、塔の窓にはステンドガラスが使われている。
- Eastern Section, Institute for Research in Humanities Kyoto University is located inside a beautiful western style building like a Christian church near Ginkaku-ji Temple in Higashiyama, and the tower has stained glass windows.
- 天皇が皇后の右に立つ理由は、少なくとも即位の礼においては西洋に倣ったわけではなく、真中・向って右に並ぶのであって、左・右に並んでいるわけではない。
- The reason why the emperor stands to the right of the empress is, at least at the enthronement ceremony, not because they are following the western style, but just because the emperor stands in the center while the empress is on his right from the viewer's perspective, meaning that they do not stand to the right or the left of each other.
- そのうちの1つ、南方朱雀に属する7宿のうち、中央の「星宿」は、西洋星座のうみへび座の心臓部に当たり、その中心は、うみへび座の主星アルファルドである。
- Among the seven constellations grouped into the south, Suzaku's domain, the central constellation, called the 'Star' is the heart of the Hydra constellation in Western astronomy; its central star is the principal star in the Hydra constellation, Alphard.
- 木・竹・皮など天然素材を生かしたものが多く、近代・現代西洋音楽の複雑な機構を備えたピアノやベーム式フルートなどの楽器と比較すると、構造は簡潔である。
- Many Wagakki are made of natural materials such as wood, bamboo, leather, etc., and are simpler in structure than musical instruments such as pianos or Boehm flutes, which have a complicated structure required for Western music of the early modern and modern eras.
- 現代でも西洋音楽やポピュラー音楽など、幅広い分野の影響を受けて、新しい曲が作曲されており、それらは三曲、箏曲の世界において「現代曲」と呼ばれている。
- The composition of new music influenced by a wide range of music including western and popular music continues to this day, and such music is known as 'modern music' in the worlds of sankyoku and sokyoku.
- また、根底に欧米コンプレックスをかかえる日本人が、ありあまる資金を手にしたときに、やはり食卓に置きたがるのがワインやブランデーなど西洋の飲料であった。
- In addition, since Japanese had a complex about Western countries, they tended to put Western beverages such as wine and brandy on the table when they had plenty of money.
- 「あるもの」を加えなくても原料が酒に変化する単発酵の酒文化圏である西洋においては、酵母の存在が科学的に認識されたのは19世紀に入ってからのことであった。
- In the West that belongs to the liquor culture region of single-fermentation where ingredients turn into liquor without adding 'something,' the existence of yeasts was scientifically proven only in the 19th century.
- 『解体新書』刊行後、医学が発展したことはもちろんであるが、オランダ語の理解が進み、鎖国下の日本において西洋の文物を理解する下地ができたことは重要である。
- It is important to acknowledge that, after the publication of 'Kaitai Shinsho,' the medical science not only achieved, but also advancement in the comprehension of Dutch language was made significantly, which formed a foundation for the people to understand materials of Western culture in Japan under seclusion policy.
- その内容は、インド占星術(ギリシャ由来の西洋占星術とインド古来の月占星術が習合したもの)、道教由来の天体神信仰、陰陽五行説等が習合した雑多なものである。
- It is a synchronization of the Indian astrology (syncretization of Western astrology originated from Greece and moon astrology originated from India), the faith of heavenly body's god originated from Taoism, The Theory of Five Elements in Yin-Yang and so on.
- 抽象芸術という観点から日本が世界に誇る庭園様式とみなされて世界に発信されていくが、西洋文化が求めた東洋の神秘的イメージに合致して世界的にも有名になった。
- From the viewpoint of abstract art, Japan can boast about its garden design style to the world, that also contains a mysterious Oriental image that meets the expectations of what Western culture pursues, and it has become famous worldwide.
- 「日本画」は明治初期にヨーロッパからもたらされた油彩画すなわち西洋画(または「洋画」)に対して、それまでの日本にあった図画に対して用いられた用語である。
- The term 'Nihon-ga' came into use in the beginning of the Meiji period to distinguish drawing styles which had already existed from Western style oil painting (or Yo-ga) imported from Europe at that time.
- しかしながら東洋の再評価の立場や独自のアイデンティティを模索することは次第に「西洋は行き詰まり東洋こそが中心たるべき」との大東亜思想に近づくこととなった。
- However, the position to reevaluate the East and search for it's own identity gradually approached the Great East Asian idea, 'the West is a dead-end and the East should be the center.'
- また対外政策では、大御所時代に出された異国船打払令を改め、無用の戦を避けるため薪水給与令が出され、江川や高島秋帆による西洋砲術導入による国防策も図られた。
- In foreign policy, he revised the decree issued in Ogosho period which ordered expelling foreign vessels, newly issued the decree that permitted providing foreign vessels with fuel and water in order to avoid an unnecessary war, and tried to build national defense by having Egawa and Shuhan TAKASHIMA introduce Western artillery.
- 西洋の画家たちが近代的な表現技法に行き詰まりを感じているなか、日本のアートは彼らの心理を、伝統に束縛された慣習から解き放ったひとつの契機となったのである。
- In a period when painters in the West reached a deadlock in modern expression techniques, an encounter with Japanese art became an opportunity to free their minds from the customs restrained by tradition.
- 西洋諸国のように大形の大砲を製造できるほどにまだ鋳造技術が優れていなかった当時の東アジアでは、こうしたロケット型の兵器が攻城戦や海戦で比較的多く導入された。
- At the time, East Asia had not yet created superior metal casting technology similar to Western countries, which meant that large cannons were unable to be produced and relatively numerous rocket-shaped weapons were introduced in siege warfare and naval battles.
- 経済産業分野では、富国強兵・殖産興業のスローガンの下、富岡製糸場を初めとする官営工場が作られるなど、政府主導の産業育成が始まり、西洋式工業技術が導入された。
- In economic and industrial areas, the government began leading industrial development, and Western industrial technology was adopted, such as the establishment of government-owned factories including Tomioka Silk Mill under the slogans 'Fukoku Kyohei' (enriching the country and strengthing the military) and 'Shokusan Kogyo' (encouraging building of new industries).
- 明治維新や文明開化により、様々な西洋の風習が日本に入り、それらはかつての中華文化と同じ様に日本文化と融合して手が加えられ、変化・変質して独特な展開を遂げた。
- Various western customs came into Japan due to the Meiji restoration, but this civilization and enlightenment developed in its own way, having changed by assimilating with Japanese custom, like Chinese culture had in the past.
- 当初は、西洋建築の正しい知識を持たない職人が造った奇妙な建築と見られてきたが、第二次世界大戦後の明治建築再評価の中で、次第に高く評価されるようになってきた。
- Although it was initially considered strange architecture made by carpenters with no knowledge of authentic Western architectural techniques, it has gradually become highly regarded within the re-evaluation of Meiji architecture since the end of the Second World War.
- 舟和はみつまめを当時流行していた「ビアホール」「ミルクホール」にあやかった「みつ豆ホール」と名付けた西洋風喫茶で売り出し、大人向けの甘味として好評を博した。
- Funawa served mitsumame at a Western teahouse named 'Mitsumame hall' following the name of 'Beer Hall' and 'Milk Hall' which were popular at that time, creating favorable attention as sweets for adults.
- しかし、日本には西洋のような「美術」と「工芸」の厳然たる区別は無く、日本の美術品は総じて装飾的・工芸的とみなされヨーロッパ美術よりも一段低いところに置かれた。
- However, the clear distinction between arts and crafts seen in the West did not exist in Japan, so Japanese art, as a whole, was deemed too decorative and technical, and it was ranked a bit lower than European art.
- その強い姿勢は「西洋蛮人の侵犯に戦わない事は和議をする事であり、和議を主張することは売国行為である」と書かれた斥和碑を朝鮮各地に建てたことに窺うことができる。
- His firm attitude can be seen written on monuments which were erected throughout Korea, reading 'No fighting against encroachment of the Western barbarians means doing peace negotiations, and doing negotiations is selling our nation.'
- 西洋の説話では、竜退治囚われの姫を救出して結婚する、という筋書きになる(古代バビロニア神話の女神ティアマト、ギリシア神話のアンドロメダにまつわる物語を参照)。
- In Western tales, the main character vanquished a dragon, saved a princess from captivity, and got married to her (see also the tales concerning Tiamat, the goddess in the ancient Babylonian myth, and the goddess Andromeda in the Greek myth).
- しかし心の光を失うことなく、暗殺された象山の遺児の世話を勝から頼まれて引き受けたほか勝から西周 (啓蒙家)を紹介され、西洋事情の見聞を広めたのもこの頃である。
- However, he did not give up hope; he took charge of an orphaned child of Shozan, who was assassinated, at the request of Katsu, and broadened the Western knowledge from Amane NISHI (a torchbearer) who was introduced to him by Katsu.
- 音域は、西洋音階のソ(G4)から1オクターブと1音上のラ(A5)が基本だが、息の吹き込み方の強弱や葦舌のくわえ方の深さによって滑らかなピッチ変化が可能である。
- The range is basically one octave from sol (G4) and it is one tone above, lah (A5), but it is possible to smoothly change the pitch by how strongly you blow into the flute and how deep you insert the Rozetsu in your mouth.
- 明治時代に入って文明開化の世となり、西洋の演劇に関する情報も知られるようになると、歌舞伎の荒唐無稽な筋立てや、興行の前近代的な慣習などを批判する声が上がった。
- As information about Western theatres was introduced to Japan thanks to the civilization and enlightenment movement during the Meiji period, criticisms were voiced at Kabuki for its far-fetched scenarios and outdated performance practices.
- 西洋料理の特徴であるソース (調味料)を洋食でも用いるが、フランス料理のような複雑多様なソースの体系は持たず、よく使われるソースの種類はある程度限られている。
- The sauces (seasoning), which are a character of western food, are also used in Yoshoku, but it does not use the complicated sauces used in French cuisine, and only specific ones are used.
- またこのジャンルの発展に決定的な役割を果たした古賀政男は、少年時代を過ごした朝鮮をはじめロマなど世界各地の民族音楽や西洋音楽からの影響も作品に盛り込んでいる。
- Masao KOGA who played a critical role in the development of this genre produced works reflecting the influence of ethnic music around the world, including music in Korea where he spent his boyhood, Roma music and western music.
- また明治政府は、欧化政策の一環として国民に西洋の酒類をより多く消費させようとして、当初ビールやワインに対しては、日本酒に対するような重い課税を行なわなかった。
- In addition, at first the Meiji government did not impose heavy taxes on beer and wine like the tax on sake because it aimed to make people consume more Western liquors as part of a policy of Europeanization.
- 高杉らは西洋式軍制を採用した民兵である奇兵隊や長州藩諸隊を整備し、大村益次郎を登用してのゲベール銃やミニエー銃など新式兵器の配備、戦術の転換など軍事改革を行う。
- Takasugi, who organized a militia group adopting a Western-style military system named Kiheitai and consolidated the existing military units in the Choshu Domain, carried out a military reform by appointing Masujiro OMURA, equipping the army with the latest weapons like Gewehr rifles and Minie rifles changing tactics.
- なお、海外のお城とは違い、御所を覆う塀はあまり高くはないが、これは東洋と西洋での支配者(天皇やなど皇族)に対する庶民の親近感の違いが現れているという考察がある。
- Unlike castles in foreign countries, walls surrounding the Gosho are not very high, which is viewed as the difference in how the people of the East and the West feel toward their rulers (Imperial Family and the Emperor).
- また、去勢の技術が伝えられていなかったこと、戦場には人を齧るくらい元気な牡馬が尊ばれたこと、大小の刀を帯びる影響で、乗馬位置が西洋馬術と反対であることなどもある。
- As for other features of the Japanese traditional equestrianism, the techniques for the castration had been unknown as well; people respected male horses vigorous enough to bite people especially at wars; since the bushi always wore long and short swords, they rode the horses from the opposite side to the way of the European equestrianism.
- 「こうした時事的な部分を除いてしまえば、「脱亜論」は、半開の国々は西洋文明を取り入れて自から近代化していくべきだ、という『文明論之概略』の主張と少しも変わらない」
- 'Without these topical subjects, the 'Datsu-A Ron' is no different from what was said in the 'Bunmeiron no gairyaku' (An Outline of a Theory of Civilization) saying semicivilized countries need to positively introduce Western culture to modernize their countries.'
- 雑誌『白樺』の同人であり西洋近代美術の紹介者でもあった柳は、1914年(大正3年)、朝鮮陶磁研究家の浅川伯教との出会いを通じて朝鮮の美術に関心をもつようになった。
- Yanagi, who was a member of the magazine 'Shirakaba' and introduced Western modern art, became interested in Korean art through meeting Noritaka ASAGAWA, a researcher of Korean clay, in 1914.
- のちには大名庭園においても一部用いられたが戦前には西洋から導入された抽象美学・芸術が日本の土着の抽象芸術を模索する姿勢をつくりだし、その視点から注目されていった。
- Later, this was partially used in gardens of feudal lords (daimyos), however, abstraction aesthetics and art introduced from the West during the prewar days produced a posture that gropes for the abstract native art of Japan, and attention was focused from this perspective.
- こうした三曲の一員としての尺八は、西洋音楽の影響を受けた明治新曲や、春の海で知られる宮城道雄などの新日本音楽を経て、現代邦楽と呼ばれるジャンルを形成するに至った。
- Sankyoku compositions of this sort, which have been adapted to include a single shakuhachi player, along with Meiji shinkyoku, which are a type of music composed in Japan after the Meiji period reflecting the influence of classical western composition, and including Shin Nihon compositions, such as Haru-no-umi, by Michio MIYAGI, form the genre of music commonly referred to as modern Japanese music.
- 九鬼の議論では、伝統的にはむしろ野暮の代表である侍を持ち出すことで「いき」が町人の文化であることを軽視している点、西洋哲学での理屈付けをしている点には批判もある。
- Kuki's argument has been criticized on the grounds that, by bringing up samurai (warriors) who, if anything, have traditionally represented 'yabo,' it neglects the fact that 'iki' is the culture of the townspeople, and also that it follows Western philosophical logic.
- その後フェノロサ・岡倉天心らは日本の美術の優秀性を説き、東京美術学校開校後は岡倉天心らの手により西洋画は排斥され、工部美術学校出身者らは明治美術会を作って対抗する。
- Later, Fenollosa, Tenshin and others began to emphasize the superiority of Japanese art, and after Tokyo University of Arts opened, Tenshin (the university's president) and his followers excluded Western-style paintings from the university, the graduates from the Technological Fine Arts School and their sympathizers stood against it through founding the Meiji Art Society.
- 明治時代以降、文明開化と共にやって来た西洋種がもてはやされ、戸外で飼われ自然に交雑するネコの特性とも相まって、これらのネコと日本猫の交配が進んだ結果、雑種が増えた。
- After the Meiji period Western breeds that came with civilization and enlightenment became popular, and combined with peculiarity of cats that were kept outside and naturally crossbred as well as development of mating between these cats and Japanese cats caused hybrids to increase.
- 当時の西洋の強国にとって、武力で手に入れた港を拠点とし、そしてさらなる征服を進めるのが常套手段であり、ポルトガルは、ゴア、マラッカ、マカオをこの方法で征服している。
- For the stronger countries of the Western Europe, it was a common practice to occupy port by force and promote more conquest using that port as a strongpoint; Portuguese conquered Goa, Malacca and Macao in this way.
- 一方、三曲界内部においては、明治維新以来の西洋音楽の導入に伴って、その器楽的部分に影響を受け、江戸時代を通じて器楽的に発達していた「手事物」に注目されることも多い。
- Meanwhile, within the world of sankyoku focus is placed on 'tegotomono,' in which the instrumental aspect developed during the Edo period and which was also influenced by the Western music that was introduced since the Meiji Restoration.
- 特に西洋料理と呼ぶ場合は、日本では明治から昭和にかけてフランス料理の紹介が先行した事情から、年輩者を中心にフランス料理のフルコースの料理がイメージされる場合が多い。
- For elderly people, the term Western dishes conjures up an image of French full-course dinner, because French cuisine was introduced to Japan between the Meiji period and the Showa period.
- そのため西洋画の技法研究も、蘭学者である平賀源内が外国人からの直接の指導を受けることなく、書物の挿画の模写などを通して独学で行っており、余技の域を出ないものであった。
- The techniques of Western paintings were studied by Gennai HIRAGA, a scholar of Dutch studies, by copying the illustrations in books, and since he painted in his own way without any direct guidance from Westerners, his study of the art was no better than painting as a hobby.
- が、しかし、日本が欧風化していくに当たって、華やかな西洋の宝飾品に対抗できる和装品の一つとして、髪飾りとともに、宝石を使った帯留が、戦前から上流階級でもてはやされた。
- However, as Japan westernized, obidome studded with jewels gained popularity among people in the upper class along with hair accessories since the prewar period, because Japan needed Japanese-style jewels that could match the western gorgeous jewels.
- 上記のとおり鴎外は、東京大学で近代西洋医学を学んだ陸軍軍医(第一期生)であり、医学先進国ドイツに4年間留学し、最終的に軍医総監(中将相当)・医務局長にまで上りつめた。
- As mentioned above, Ogai was an army surgeon (a member of the inaugural class) who learned modern Western medicine at The University of Tokyo, then went to study for four years in medically advanced Germany, finally moving on to be General Office Director of Military Medicine (corresponding to Lieutenant General), and Medical Office Director.
- こうした西洋の壁画の技法は「フレスコ」と呼ばれるもので、後にキリスト教会などの壁画や天井画にも使われ、ペンキやスプレーが普及した21世紀でも壁画制作に使用されている。
- The technique used to draw such wall paintings in the West was called 'fresco' and was applied in creating wall and ceiling paintings in churches, and so on, in later years, and still in the 21st century, are used for the production of wall paintings although regular-type and spray paints are now available.
- 宝暦暦が出来の悪い暦法であったことから、幕府は西洋天文学を取り入れた暦法に改暦をしようとし、高橋至時を幕府天文方に登用し、同門の間重富とともに改暦の準備に当たらせた。
- Because the Horyakureki (Horyaku calendar) was deemed to be inadequate, the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) decided to replace it with a new calendar by adopting Western astronomy; consequently, the bakufu employed Yoshitoki TAKAHASHI as the 'Bakufu Tenmongata' (official astronomer to a shogun) and asked him to reform the calendar with Shigetomi HAZAMA, an astronomer who had studied under the same teacher.
- ただ当時発足したばかりの日本軍は地方農村部などの次男・三男を集めた集団であり、飯や日本食で育った彼らの中には、あまりに異質な西洋の料理に対して拒否感を示す者も見られた。
- The early stage of Japanese military was formed by the group of young people composed of the second or third sons collected from rural and agricultural regions; they had grown up by eating traditional Japanese food with rice-centered diet, thus some could not easily accept such Western style dishes so different from their eating habit.
- 特に教育に関しては儒学を基本にすべしとする元田の最大の理解者でもあり、教育行政のトップに田中不二麿や森有礼のような西洋的な教育論者が任命された事には不快感を抱いていた。
- Especially when it came to education, he duly understood Motoda's philosophy based on Confucianism, he was frustrated when Fujimaro TANAKA and Arinori MORI who were both educational debaters preferred the western way of thinking, were appointed as educational administrators.
- 京都西三条改暦所を通る子午線を本初子午線として経度の基準とし、実測値を元に経度・緯度1度ごとに直交する度線を引いてある(西洋のサンソン図法に近いとされるが異説もある)。
- A meridian which crosses the calendar revision office in Nishisanjo, Kyoto is used as the prime meridian, the basis of longitude, and the lines that cross at right angles to each degree of latitude and longitude are drawn on the basis of actual measured values (Some theories insist that such a method is similar to Sanson projection of the West).
- 明治時代以後、坪内逍遥によって『小説神髄』が著されるなどして西洋の文学理論が導入されるに伴いさまざまな試みがなされ、中には部分的にはそれなりの成果を上げたものもあった。
- Since the Meiji period, various efforts have been made along with the introduction of Western literary theory, which was represented by the work of 'The Essence of Novels' by Shoyo TSUBOUCHI, and to an extent some of them produced excellent results.
- これはすなわち、西洋における細菌学の祖、ルイ・パスツールが1862年に殺菌温度を発見するより500年も前に、日本ではそれが酒造りにおいて一般に行なわれていたことになる。
- This means that, even 500 years before discovery of the pasteurizing temperature in 1862 by Louis Pasteur, who is called the father of bacteriology in the West, it was generally conducted in sake brewing in Japan.
- そして彼は、国交が更新できないことを理由に征韓をおこなうことが正しいならば、鎖国時代の日本をもし西洋人が侵攻していたとしても我々はそれを非難することはできないと述べた。
- He said that if it is right to conquer Joseon was only because the diplomatic relationship cannot be renewed, we could not blame the Westerners who would have invaded Japan for her isolationist policy.
- また川崎造船所社長として隆盛を誇った第一次世界大戦の際、ヨーロッパで買い集めた絵画、彫刻、浮世絵は松方コレクションの名で知られ、その一部は国立西洋美術館の母胎となった。
- Also, his collection of paintings, sculptures, and Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) which Matsukata had bought in Europe during the First World War, when he was prospering as president of Kawasaki Dockyard, had come to be known as 'Matsukata collection,' a part of which became a base of The National Museum of Western Art.
- 従って本来は西洋かぶれ・外面や形式のみを追い求める軽佻浮薄な様子などの負の意味が強かったが、転じて、進歩的・近代的・華麗・優美・お洒落など、肯定的な意味合いも強くなった。
- Therefore, the word originally had a strong negative meaning referring to westoxication/ flirtatious manners of following only outer aspects and patterns, but came to include an affirmative meaning of progressive/modernized/gorgeous/decent/fashionable and so on.
- 手で投げることを始めとして、西洋のような投石器を使用するもの、日本手ぬぐいを持ってそれに代用するもの、砲丸投のように重量のあるものを投げつけるものなど様々な形態があった。
- Inji had different styles such as slinging by hand, operating a Western style sling, utilizing Japanese towels in place of the sling, or throwing heavy stuff like putting a shot.
- 西洋近代哲学の素養の上に立って浄土真宗の信仰を受け止め、近代思想界に紹介した功績、また、そうした素養と信仰とに基づき、内外両面において仏教の近代化を推進した功績は大きい。
- Due to his education in modern Western philosophy, he was able to better understand the beliefs of Jodo Shinshu and introduce it to modern ideas and, on the basis of his education and faith, he greatly contributed to propelling the modernization of Buddhism both domestically and internationally.
- 政府の要人の場合は、洋服を着ることにより、日本が西欧の進んだ科学技術を学び近代化をめざす意欲を西洋の外国人にアピールし、交渉などを有利に進める目的があったといわれている。
- It is considered that leading political figures wore Western clothes to show that Japan was committed to absorb advanced science and technology from the Western countries and modernize the country as a gesture in order to be advantageous in talks with the Western countries.
- 西洋近代を告げるルネサンスにおいては自然回帰運動が起き、芸術の世界では具象をありのままに捉えようとする近代的パースペクティヴが発展し、写実性を求める動きが次第に強まった。
- A movement pursuing photorealism was gradually intensified with the back-to-nature movement launched during the Renaissance which brought the modernization of Western culture, as well as with the modern perspective developed in the world of art which attempted to depict figures as they were.
- また清でも1860年代から漢人官僚曽国藩、李鴻章らによる近代化の試みとして洋務運動が展開され中国の伝統的な文化、制度を土台としながら軍事を中心として西洋技術の導入を進めた。
- Qing had also been introducing western technologies centering on military ones based on Chinese traditional culture; bureaucrats of the Han race including Zeng Guofan and Li Hung Chang promoted the Western Affairs Movement in an attempt to modernize China.
- たとえば火入れに関する記事は、西洋における細菌学の祖、ルイ・パスツールが加熱殺菌を「発見」するより500年近くも前に、日本ではそれが行なわれていたことを実証する記録である。
- For example, the topic about pasteurization verifies that the technique was already performed in Japan nearly 500 years before when Louis PASTEUR, founder of bacteriology in the West, 'found' heat sterilization.
- 1862年(文久2年)京都守護職に就任した藩主松平容保に従い、京都市に上り金戒光明寺本陣で西洋式軍隊の調練に当たるとともに、洋学所を主宰し在京の諸藩士に洋学の講義を行った。
- In 1862, he followed the lord of the clan, Katamori MATSUDAIRA, who was appointed as Kyoto shugoshoku (Military governor of Kyoto), to Kyoto, and trained the Western-style troops at the headquarters in Konkai Komyo-ji Temple as well as supervised Yogakusho (Institute of Foreign Study) to give the Western study lectures to retainers from various domains in Kyoto.
- 嘉永6年(1853年)、浦賀沖の黒船来航により江戸幕府は開港を迫られ、安政元年(1854年)5月17日より、下田市了仙寺にて日本貨幣と西洋貨幣との交換比率の交渉が行われた。
- In 1853 the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was forced to open its port as a result of the arrival of Kurofune (The Black Ships of Commodore Matthew Perry) at Uraga offshore, and on June 12, 1854, a negotiation was started at Ryosen-ji Temple in Shimoda City concerning exchange rates between Japanese and Western currencies.
- すなわち、西洋音楽の7音階から第4音と第7音を外し、第5音と第6音をそれぞれ第4音と第5音にする五音音階を使用することから、4と7を抜くヨナ抜き音階と呼ばれる音階法である。
- The scale is also called 'yona nuki' scale, meaning the scale omitting yon (meaning four in Japanese) and nana (meaning seven in Japanese), because the pentatonic scale uses five notes by removing fourth and seventh notes from the Western scale of seven notes and using the fifth and sixth notes of the Western scale as the fourth and fifth notes respectively.
- 岡倉らが東京美術学校、日本美術院で育てようとした日本画は旧来の技法や様式を守るだけのものではなく、西洋画から採り入れるものを採り、それと対抗できるような日本の絵画であった。
- The Nihon-ga which Okakura intended to foster was not just preserving traditional Japanese technique and style, but also brought in some necessary western techniques aiming to create Japanese drawings which could hold their own against western paintings.
- しかし当時の京都は尊皇攘夷派の志士の潜伏拠点となっており、「西洋かぶれ」という印象を持たれていた象山には危険な行動であった(しかも京都の街を移動する時に供も連れなかった)。
- Going to Kyoto, which in those days was the place where most of the Imperialists under the slogan of 'Sonno Joi ha' (supporters of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians) hid themselves, was dangerous for Shozan, who gave the impression of being a 'Westernized' person in those days, (he even walked in Kyoto without any attendants).
- 佐賀藩は、江戸幕府老中水野忠邦が西洋式砲術に興味を示しているのを敏感に察知して、天保13年(1842年)、武雄領の平山醇左衛門を砲術稽古及び大砲鋳造のために取り立てている。
- The Saga Domain was sensitively aware that Tadakuni MIZUNO, roju (member of shogun's council of elders) of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), was showing an interest in the western gunnery, and employed Junzaemon HIRAYAMA in Takeo to drive gunnery training and casting of guns in 1842.
- また京都画壇の竹内栖鳳らをはじめ多くの日本絵画の作家らがヨーロッパに留学し、やがてこうした動きから、諸派の絵画や西洋画の影響も取り入れた新しい民族美術として日本画が誕生した。
- And many Japanese-style painters, including Seiho TAKEUCHI (a member of the Kyoto painters' community), went to Europe to study, and after learning from various schools of Japanese-style paintings and from Western-style paintings, they renewed Japanese-style painting as a national art.
- 逆に、餡と同じく、菓子の中に包み込まれる具であっても、ジャム、クリーム (食品)、チョコレート、ピーナッツバターなど、西洋風のものは餡とは呼ばれず、別のものと捉えられている。
- Conversely, although Western ingredients such as jams, cream (food), chocolate or peanut butter are wrapped inside cakes like 'an', these are not called 'an' but are considered something else.
- しかし、調味料が入っていないこと、国産でも西洋のイメージがあること、アルコール度が高いものを水割りにして飲むことなどから、三増酒に向けられるような泥臭い印象は持たれなかった。
- But it did not give a homespun impression because of containing of no seasoning, having a Western image in spite of being a domestic product and a hard liquor drunk with water.
- 一つの曲において歌や手事は段落として切れ目はあるが、雅楽の序、破、急や、西洋音楽の楽章のように、いったん完全に終止し時間を置いてからまた始めるのではなく、連続して演奏される。
- The song and tegoto in one song have hiatuses as paragraphs, but unlike Jo-ha-kyu in gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music) or movements in Western music, sound does not stop completely and begins after a while, but the performance seamlessly continues.
- 「美術」という単語自体が明治時代案出の訳語であり、西洋の概念を日本に当てはめたものであった以上、「日本美術」あるいは「日本美術史」という概念もそれ以前の時代には存在しなかった。
- It was only in the Meiji period that the word 'bijutsu' itself was devised as the Japanese equivalent of the Western concept of 'art,' so the word 'Nihon bijutsu' (Japanese art) or 'Nihon bijutsu-shi' (Japanese art history) had not been seen until then.
- 現代では伝統工芸と西洋文化の融合が図られる事例もあり、アメリカ合衆国のスポーツブランドナイキはスポーツ・シューズのストリングの紐に伝統的な平打ちの組み紐の「三分紐」を採用した。
- At present, there is a case of fusion between traditional industrial arts and Western culture, and U.S. sports brand Nike adopted 'Sanbu-himo braid' as strings of its sports shoes.
- 政府は早急に西洋式の「ファイン・アート」(純粋美術)を導入してヨーロッパ諸国に恥じない芸術の体裁を整えようとし、一方日本の諸派の絵画などは旧弊なものとみなされ存続の危機に陥った。
- The Japanese government hurried to build a façade of geijutsu (art and other artistic skills) that could match the European countries' geijutsu through the introduction of the Western-style fine arts, while the traditional Japanese paintings of various schools faced a crisis of existence because they were deemed old-fashioned.
- ただし西洋式の絵画などを導入した動機の最大のものは建築や都市計画などの設計のためというもので、工部美術学校などがその舞台となり、芸術という概念は政府にもなじみの薄いものであった。
- The Japanese government introduced the Western-style paintings and other culture mainly because it wanted to learn architecture and city planning from the West, and the Technical Fine Arts School and others played a central role in learning, but the government itself was not familiar with the concept of geijutsu.
- その範囲は、中央官制・法制・宮廷・身分制・地方行政・金融・流通・産業・経済・教育・外交・宗教政策など多岐に及び、日本をアジアで最初の西洋的国家体制を有する近代国家へと変貌させた。
- The restoration affected all areas of life, such as the organization of the central government, legislation, the Imperial court, the class system, the local administration, the distribution system, industry, education, diplomacy, and religious policy, and effectively converted Japan into the first Western-style modern state in Asia.
- 実際に「大はしあたけの夕立」や「亀戸梅屋舗」を模写したフィンセント・ファン・ゴッホをはじめ、日本的な「ジャポニズム」の代表作として西洋の画家に多大な影響を与えたシリーズでもある。
- As a practical matter, as a representative work of very Japanese 'Japonism,' it is a series that cast a large influence on western painters such as Vincent van Gogh, who replicated 'Great Bridge, Sudden Shower at Atake' and 'The Plum Orchard at Kameido.'
- だが、この年には実際には宮中のみに留まったものの医学の禁止を命じるなど、保守的な姿勢は崩さなかった(もっとも、遺品として時計が残るなど、西洋文明を全く否定していたわけではない)。
- But there was yet a conservative movement such as the prohibition on studying medicine, although such a movement was kept within the Imperial palace. (Of course western culture was not totally denied, as you can see there was a wristwatch left in the Imperial Palace.)
- 福澤は『西洋旅案内』の中で「災難請合の事-インスアランス-」という表現を使い、生涯請合(生命保険)、火災請合(火災保険)、海上請合(海上保険)の三種の災難請合について説いている。
- Yukichi describes three kinds of accident insurance of shogai ukeoi (life insurance), kasai ukeoi (fire insurance), and kaijo ukeoi (marine insurance) by an expression 'About accident insurance - INSUARANSU' in 'Seiyo tabi annai.'
- 自国の言語をどう表記するかということ、つまり国語国字問題は、文明開化を推進するにあたって、遅れた文明とされた東洋文明から離脱し、西洋文明に仲間入りする方法の一つとして論じられた。
- How to write a nation's script, that is, the problems pertaining to a nation's script, was discussed as one of the ways to leave from the Eastern civilization, which was regarded undeveloped, and to enter into the Western civilization when civilization and enlightenment was promoted.
- 彼は西洋のパスチャライゼーションと異なり温度計のない環境で、杜氏が酒の表面に「の」の字がやっと書ける熱さとしてぴったりと華氏130度(約55℃)をあてることに驚きを表明している。
- He expressed a surprise to have seen that toji (sake brewing experts) applied the heat of 130 degrees Fahrenheit (about 55 degrees Celsius) to sake rightly as the temperature for them to be able to write the Japanese character 'の' barely on the surface of sake in the environment without thermometers which was different from the Western Pasteurization.
- これはきわめて精緻に作られた合奏音楽と言え、雅楽の管絃やガムランなどと共に、西洋音楽のポリフォニー(多音性)とは異なるヘテロフォニー(異音性)の端的な例として挙げることができる。
- This sankyoku gasso can be called a very scrupulously made ensemble, and along with other music, such as the wind and string music of Gagaku (ancient Japanese court music), or Gamelan (Indonesian music), it's typical heterophony, being different from the polyphony of Western music.
- 旗本の仕組みに大きな変化を見せるのは、開国日本の開国後の安政3年(1856年)に老中阿部正弘が築地に講武所を開いて、西洋の銃術・砲術を含めた集団戦の訓練を旗本に命じてからである。
- The hatamoto system was changed drastically for the first time when, in 1856 after Japan was opened to the world, Masahiro ABE, a roju, opened a military training school in Tsukiji and ordered hatamoto for the training of group-fighting tactics, including rifle-shooting and gunnery.
- 通詞によって学ばれ始め、新井白石が『西洋紀聞』で開明的な海外理解を示し、徳川吉宗が漢訳蘭書の輸入禁止を緩和し、青木昆陽、野呂元丈に蘭語学習を命じ、実学を奨励したのちに盛んになった。
- At first, interpreters began to study Rangaku, and Hakuseki ARAI demonstrated the enlightened understanding of overseas circumstances in his book 'Seiyo kibun' (Western Accounts), and then, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA relaxed the import ban on Chinese translations of Dutch documents, and told Konmei AOKI and Genjo NORO to study Dutch and promoted practical learning, which eventually allowed Rangaku to thrive.
- 土屋雅春の『医者のみた福澤諭吉』(中央公論社、中公新書)や桜井邦朋の『福沢諭吉の「科學のススメ」』(祥伝社)によれば、福澤と西洋医学との関係は深く、以下のような業績が残されている。
- According to 'Isha no mita Fukuzawa Yukichi' by Masaharu TSUCHIYA (Chuokoronsha, Chukoshinsho) and 'Fukuzawa Yukichi no 'Kagaku no susume'' by Kunitomo SAKURAI (Shodensha), Yukichi was deeply involved in Western medicine and left the achievements below.
- 更には江戸の都市政策(町火消の創設、小石川養生所の設置)、西洋知識禁制の緩和(漢訳洋書禁輸の緩和、甘藷栽培など)、商人対策(相対済まし令、株仲間の公認など)などの諸改革も行われた。
- And moreover, he implemented various reforms, such as renewing Edo city through establishing local fire brigades and Koishikawa Hospital, mitigating prohibition of Western knowledge through various measures (lifting an embargo on the import of Western books translated into Chinese characters, permitting cultivation of sweet potatoes, and so on), and handling matters about merchants (issuing Mutual Settlement Decree on money matters, permitting 'kabu nakama' [a kind of cartel formed by wholesalers and other merchants], and so on).
- 日本統治の第2期は西来庵事件の1915年から1937年の盧溝橋事件であり、国際情勢の変化、特に第一次世界大戦の結果、西洋諸国の植民地統治の権威が失墜し、民族主義が高揚した時期である。
- The second phase of Japanese rule was from 1915 when the Silaian Incident broke out to 1937 when the Marco Polo Bridge Incident occurred, during which time the authority of colonialism by the Western countries fell and nationalism emerged due to the change of the world situation, especially after World War I.
- 最終時点で、幕府陸軍は歩兵隊8個連隊(一橋徳川家の播磨領で第16連隊が編成されて、計9個連隊であるとも言われる。)と伝習歩兵隊3個大隊を中核に、日本最大の西洋式軍事組織となっていた。
- Eventually, the bakufu rikugun became the largest western-style military organization in Japan, centering on 8 regiments of infantry and 3 battalion of learning infantry (some sais that it should be 9 regiments as the sixteenth regiment was established in the territory of Harima of Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family).
- こうして徐々に定着した西洋風の食習慣が高度経済成長期以降、国民所得の増加及び食文化の変化とともに家庭へと普及し、現在では日本の家庭の食卓をかざる惣菜等として定着するにまで至っている。
- Western eating habits began to spread in Japanese households gradually in accordance with an increase in national income and a change in food culture following a period of high economic growth, and Yoshoku is now a daily dish in Japanese households.
- 1894年(明治27年)から1895年にかけての日清戦争に勝利した明治政府は、安全醸造の行なえる醸造業の近代化も国家戦略の一部としてとらえ、西洋の微生物学を導入して積極的に支援した。
- The Meiji government, which won the Sino-Japanese War from 1894 to 1895, regarded the modernization of brewery industry which enabled safe brewing as part of national strategy and aggressively supported it by introducing microbiology of Western countries.
- 秋田蘭画の多くは、絹本着色で掛幅という東洋画の伝統的な形態をとりながらも、画題のうえでは洋風の風景画や静物画を、技法のうえでは陰影法や大気遠近法など西洋絵画の手法を多く採り入れている。
- Many Akita Ranga paintings used traditional Eastern styles of painting by using silk fabric colors and Kakehaba (Japanese pigments) while adopting Western painting techniques, which included Western-style themes, such as landscapes and still-lifes, and used such techniques as shadowing and aerial perspective.
- 当時の西洋列強が行っていた、植民地支配と現地住民に対する扱いとは違い、皇民化政策は思想と言語統一によって他民族を日本人化することで、日本人と植民地住民を対等に扱おうとするものであった。
- Different from the way of Western powers' governing colonies and treating their local residents, the Japanization policy was to Japanize other ethnic groups by integrating thoughts and the language, and treating Japanese and the residents in colonies equally.
- とはいえ、それまで日本で作成されてきた諸地図と較べ、技法の点から見て飛躍的に進歩した精密・詳細・正確な地図であり、いくつかの点を除けば、当時の西洋の地図にもほぼ遜色のない水準であった。
- However, the complete map is precise, detailed and accurate, greatly advanced in terms of technique compared with the past Japanese maps, and almost comparable to Western maps in those days except for some defects.
- 現在観光コースになっている山手本通り沿いにある数棟の西洋館は、旧イギリス7番館(1922年)を除けば、すべて観光資源として昭和時代以降に建築されたものか、他所から移築されたものである。
- With the exception of the former Seventh building of England (built in 1922), all of the various Western-style buildings that now line Main Street in Yamate, a popular sightseeing destination today, were either constructed in or after the Showa period as tourist attractions or relocated there from other spots.
- これに対し、家臣を城下に集めて専任の常備軍(この常備軍は西洋軍事史で規定されるそれとは全くの別物である事に注意)とすれば、上記の要求を満たせる上、兵の錬度、武具の質も上げることができた。
- In contrast, if the feudal lords gathered their vassals around their castles and set them as a full-time regular army, they were able to meet the needs mentioned above and to improve soldiers' skillfulness and the quality of arms (notice: in this case the regular army mentioned here is totally different from the one stipulated in the history of military in the Western countries).
- 明治になって再び朝廷に政権が返った事により、江戸幕府の大奥や西洋の宮廷の例のように皇后やその周辺の側近が国政に関与する可能性も存在したが、彼女は自らを律して国政に直接関与する事を戒めた。
- Due to the return of political power to the court during Meiji Period, there was a possibility that the empress along with advisers close to the empress could take part in the national government, like the O-oku in the Edo Bakufu or the Imperial Court in Western countries, but the Empress disciplined herself and prohibited themselves from taking part in the national government.
- また、明治政府が行う文明開化、殖産興業政策による西洋技術・文化の輸入、朝鮮出兵を巡る征韓論で政府が紛糾し、明治六年の政変で西郷隆盛、江藤新平、板垣退助らが下野すると士族層に影響を与えた。
- Inside Meiji government, there were heated debates over civilization and enlightenment, over technical and cultural import through the policy of encouragement of new industry and over Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea) to dispatch Japanese troops to Korea, which were led by the government itself, and the resignation of Takamori SAIGO, Shinpei ETO and Taisuke ITAGAKI after the political upheaval of the 6th year of Meiji influenced the thought of people from warrior class.
- 「明治維新以降-第二次世界大戦降伏まで」の時代には、帝国主義国が植民地争奪を繰り広げる国際環境の中、西洋の圧倒的な文明と先進文化を前に日本のアイデンティティをどう捉えるかが課題であった。
- In the period 'from the Meiji Restoration to the surrender in World War II,' how to take a Japanese identity before the overwhelming civilization and advanced culture of Western countries was an issue under the international environment where imperialistic countries unfolded captures of colonies.
- 秋田蘭画(あきたらんが)とは、江戸時代における絵画のジャンルのひとつで、久保田藩(秋田藩)主や藩士を担い手とした、西洋画の手法を取り入れた構図と純日本的な画材を使用した和洋折衷絵画である。
- Akita Ranga is a genre of Japanese painting in a semi-Western style from the Edo period that was adopted by the lord and statesmen of the Kubota clan (the Akita clan); paintings in this style were composed using techniques of Western paintings with traditional Japanese drawing materials.
- 1923年の関東大震災では、身体の動作を妨げる構造である和服を着用していた女性の被害が多かったことから、翌1924年に「東京婦人子供服組合」が発足し、女性の服装にも西洋化が進むことになる。
- When the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred in 1923, a great number of women in Japanese clothing were victimized because of the nature of Japanese clothing that restricts movement of the body; in the next year 1924, 'Tokyo Women and Children Clothing Association' started, and since then, clothing for Japanese women has been westernized.
- このような改革には積極的に西洋文明の先進制度が取り入れられ、その過程で、「お雇い外国人」と呼ばれる外国人が、技術指導、教育分野、官制・軍制整備など様々な分野で雇用され、近代国家建設を助けた。
- The developed systems of western civilization were positively adopted in this reform, and in this process foreigners called 'Employed Foreigner' were hired in various areas including technical assistance, education, consolidation of the organization of the central government, and military systems, to help Japan build a modern state.
- かつて、明治時代の改造紙幣にその肖像が用いられ、これが日本における最初の女性肖像紙幣となったが、その原版はイタリア人技術者エドアルド・キヨッソーネが作成したため、西洋風の美人に描かれている。
- The portrait of Empress Jingu was used for a banknote in the Meiji period and she became the first Japanese woman to be featured on the Japanese banknote, however since its original version was made by an Italian engineer, Edoardo Chiossone, she was portrayed as a beautiful woman in western style.
- この校本完成までの作業は、それまで日本では、中でも国文学の世界では全く知られていなかった西洋の正文批判に関する研究成果を取り入れるため、文献を取り寄せて学びながらの作業であったとされている。
- It is said that he completed the variorum adopting the research results of Western textual criticism which was not known at all to the Japanese people, especially those who were experts on classical Japanese literature, so he had to order the literature from abroad and studied it while he was making the variorum.
- 従医にして蘭学者の桂川甫周(7代目、国興)らは西洋技術の導入において必要不可欠と強く幕府に働きかけ、1853年のマシュー・ペリー来航ショックも手伝い1854年になってやっと刊行が認められた。
- Hoshu KATSURAGAWA (the seventh, Kunioki), a shogun's physician and Dutch scholar, and others appealed strongly to the Edo bakufu arguing that the publication of 'Doeff Halma' was essential to the introduction of western technology, and prompted by the shock of the arrival of Matthew PERRY in 1853 the publication was finally approved in 1854.
- 『越天楽』を平調と盤渉調で聴き比べて例に挙げると、平調では「D-EEBBABEEEDE」となるが、これを西洋音楽の論理に乗っ取って完全5度下に移調すると「G-AAEEDEAAAGA」となる。
- For example, when comparing 'Etenraku' in the Hyojo tone and Banshikicho tone, the Hyojo tone has 'D-EEBBABEEEDE,' which would become 'G-AAEEDEAAAGA' after transposing a perfect fifth below, based on the principle of Western music.
- しかしながら、西洋では貴族(英:Nobility、仏:Noblesse、独:Adel)という語の中には、皇帝、国王、王子なども含まれ、それゆえ、皇族、王族と貴族を区別するという用語法はない。
- However, in Europe, the term Kizoku (Nobility in English, Noblesse in French, and Adel in German) covers emperors, kings, and princes as well, and there is no terminology in which Imperial families and royal families are differentiated from Kizoku.
- 「近代化を進めた新政府軍に対して、遅れた旧幕府側の軍隊が対抗できなかったために敗れた」というのは誤りで、実際は旧幕府軍も早くから軍隊の西洋化に取り組んでおり、新政府軍に対して劣っていなかった。
- It is wrong to say that the former Shogunate forces lost to the new government because they could not match the latter's modernized forces; in fact, they had westernized their forces from early on, and thus did not lag behind the new government's forces.
- 柱・梁を基本構造とする日本建築と、煉瓦や石で壁を築いてゆく西洋建築は対照的な存在であり、20世紀のモダニズム建築の時代になると、近代建築の理念を先取りした点があるとして注目されるようになった。
- Japanese architecture, which mainly uses posts and beams, differs from Western architecture of bricks and stones, and traditional Japanese architecture gained attention in 20th century architectural modernism since it was ahead of its time in the use of modern architectural concepts.
- また蘭斎の門弟は後に江戸蘭学、京都蘭学、大坂蘭学を支える重要人物として大成していくなど日本の各地に蘭学の知を芽吹かせた人物として門弟坪井信道、小森桃塢と共に岐阜の西洋医学三大家と呼ばれている。
- Ransai's disciples made brilliant careers as prominent figures supporting Western studies in Edo, Kyoto and Osaka, and as a key person who scattered intellectual seeds of Western learning throughout Japan, he is called the three masters in Western medicine in Gifu together with his disciples, Shindo TSUBOI and Tou KOMORI.
- 忠邦はまた、阿片戦争における清の敗北により、従来の外国船に対する異国船打払令を改めて薪水給与令を発令して柔軟路線に転換する一方、江川英龍や高島秋帆に西洋流砲術を導入させて、近代軍備を整えさせた。
- In response to the defeat of Qing Dynasty in the Opium Wars, Tadakuni shifted his foreign policy to more flexible one by amending the conventional edict to repel foreign vessels to the law to provide water and fuel for foreign ships, while he ordered Hidetatsu EGAWA and Shuhan TAKASHIMA to introduce the western style gunnery and the modern military buildup.
- 岩崎は決して公然とは言わなかったが(伝統的な日本女性は一番奥にある個人的感情は表に出さないと西洋では思われているが)、ゴールデンの本は岩崎の過去の幸せな出来事の歪んだ見解を読むようなものだった。
- Although Iwasaki never mentioned this in public (it is believed in the West that a traditional Japanese woman would not show her innermost personal feelings), Golden's book was a distorted description of the happiest events in her past.
- 1916年にコナン・ドイルのシャーロック・ホームズを読み刺激されて探偵小説への興味が起き、自分でも探偵ものを書こうと考えたが、現代ものを書くと西洋の模倣になりやすいので純江戸式で書くことにした。
- In 1916, he became interested in detective stories, inspired by reading Sherlock Holmes by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and decided to write his own detective story in pure Edo style, because he thought that a contemporary story might easily be an imitation of Western stories.
- 西洋の城や教会など石造りの建物や地下室では、電気のない時代、廊下や部屋に明かりを投げかけるために、壁の高いところに腕木で突き出させた燭台(sconce、突出し燭台)にたいまつを挿すこともあった。
- In the pre-electricity era, torches were used to illuminate basements or corridors and rooms in stone buildings such as western-style castles or churches, by inserting them into a holder (sconce) which is fixed with a projecting bracket on the upper part of the wall.
- 「(西洋諸国において)聘門往来などの盛儀大典あるときは、各国たがいに(国歌の)楽譜を謳奏し、以てその特立自立国たるの隆栄を表認し、その君主の威厳を発揮するの礼款において欠くべからざるの典となせり」
- 'In the case of grand ceremonies held when official diplomats visit (in the Occidental countries), every country plays the musical score (of their national anthem) as an indispensable sign to represent prosperity as an independent country and show the dignity of the sovereign ruler.'
- 地方町村部では場所により昭和に入る頃まで明かりといえば菜種油で行灯を灯し、郵便や電信など西洋化の恩恵は中々届かず、また長らく江戸後期の伝統や風習が続くなど、生活の変化は遥かに緩やかなものであった。
- In rural conditions of local towns and villages, the transition of the lifestyle was much more gradual and slow as the tradition and customs of the late Edo period lasted far longer; people in some area used paper-shaded lamp using rapeseed oil until the beginning of Showa period, and the benefit of those new Western systems such as a new postal service and telegraph communication were not effectively introduced and utilized until much later years.
- 1864年には、禁門の変を理由に長州征伐の兵を挙げた幕府が、その時の軍服を西洋式にすることを決め、小伝馬町の商人である守田治兵衛が2000人分の軍服の製作を引き受け、試行錯誤しながらも作り上げた。
- In 1864 when the Edo bakufu raised the army of the punitive expedition of Choshu Domain on the pretext of the skirmish at the Kinmon Gate, the bakufu decided to make a Western style military uniform for the army, and a merchant Jihei MORITA in Kodenmacho in Edo undertook the order and managed to tailor 2,000 military uniforms by trial and error.
- 明治時代以降、軍隊や官庁、学校などから次第に西洋風の服が採用されるようになり、今日では日常的には洋服を着用し、晴れの日やめでたい日(「ハレとケ」)など和服を着る、といったスタイルが多くなっている。
- After the Meiji period, western-style clothing was gradually adopted in the military, authority and schools, and in many cases, many present-day Japanese people adopt a style of wearing European clothes on a daily basis, and wearing traditional Japanese clothes on celebration days and festive days.
- しかし西洋文化が浸透した昭和末から平成にかけては、原義に近いニュアンスで使用されることは少なくなり、むしろこの語が流行した時代風俗を象徴したり、懐古調の雰囲気を出すために使用されることが多くなった。
- However, from the late Showa period to the Heisei period, when western culture became widespread, the word was less frequently used in its original meaning, rather used frequently in symbolizing the fashions of the time when this word became popular or in producing a retrospective atmosphere.
- 若い頃(とりわけ明治10年代)には、侍補で親政論者である漢学者元田永孚や佐々木高行の影響を強く受けて、西洋の文物に対しては懐疑的であり、また自身が政局の主導権を掌握しようと積極的であった時期がある。
- During his younger days (especially between 1876 to 1885), he was greatly influenced by Nagazane MOTODA and Takayuki SASAKI, scholars of the Chinese classics who acted as his jiho (aides) and were supporters of direct imperial rule, and there was a period when he was skeptical about western literature and tried to actively gain control of the government.
- そして、甲申政変を念頭に置きつつ両国に志士が出て明治維新のように政治体制を変革できればよいが、そうでなければ両国は「今より数年を出でずして亡国と為り」、西洋諸国に分割されてしまうだろう、と予測する。
- Having the Gapsin (Kapsin) Coup in mind, he says that it would be good if noble heroes stood up in both countries to transform their political systems like Japan's Meiji restoration, otherwise 'it is most likely that their empires will fall within a few years' or their land will be split up by the Western countries.
- 2001年4月上旬に発生した黄砂は、同月15日にソルトレイクシティ、18日にはカナダからアリゾナ州にかけてのロッキー山脈、19日には五大湖付近でそれぞれ観測され、20日にはカナダ沖大西洋上空に達した。
- The kosa produced in the early April, 2001 reached Salt Lake City on April 15, the Rocky Mountains from Canada to the State of Arizona on April 18, around the Great Lakes on April 19, and over Atlantic Ocean off Canada on April 20.
- 西洋占星術で、太陽が位置するサインをサン・サインを呼ぶように、本来は黄道を12に分割して得られた区分である十二神の中で太陽が位置する神を月将と呼ぶべきであるが、十二神の意味で月将が使用されることが多い。
- As the sign of the sun's position is called sun sign in the Western astrology, the god of the sun's position in twelve gods which are originally the divisions obtained by dividing the ecliptic into twelve should be called gessho, but gessho is used to mean the twelve gods in many cases.
- しかし、50点以上の出版物が刊行され、また東アジアではじめて西洋印刷術によって印行された、書物・印刷史上重要な刊行物であり、ローマ字表記された当時の日本語口語文など、言語史上にも貴重な資料になっている。
- However, Kirishitan-ban for which at least 50 publications were printed and published by the western printing art for the first time in East Asia, was an important paper publication in the history of books and printing, and was valuable material also in the linguistic history because Japanese colloquial expressions at that time were described in Roman characters.
- このように、茂義は、幕府韮山代官江川英龍などが着目する前から、高島秋帆と深い交流を持っており、天保6年(1835年)には高島が日本で初めて鋳造した西洋式大砲(青銅製モルチール砲)が茂義に献上されている。
- As described above, before Hidetatsu EGAWA, Nirayama Daikan of the bakufu, paid attention to Shuhan TAKASHIMA, Shigeyoshi had had deep exchange with Shuhan TAKASHIMA, and in 1835, he was presented with a Western gun (bronze mortar gun), which was fabricated for the first time in Japan by Takashima.
- 西洋料理のスープに相当する側面があるが、狭義のヨーロッパのスープは硬くなったパンに鍋物の汁をかけてふやかしたものを起源とするため、日本の味噌汁と食事の中の位置づけが多少異なり、より主食的な意味合いが強い。
- It is equivalent to western style soup, but more specifically like European soup made from soaked stale bread in stew and therefore is more like a staple food slightly different from Japanese miso soup.
- なお、絵双六そのものは日本独自のものであるが、西洋にもバックギャモンの影響を受けたと見られる、鵞鳥のゲーム(Game of the Goose)と呼ばれる双六に近い趣旨のゲームが14世紀頃から行われている。
- The picture Sugoroku itself is a particular Japanese game, however, the Western countries also have played a game such as 'the Game of the Goose', which was considered to have been influenced by Backgammon, since the 14th century and was similar to Sugoroku.
- 「むしろ、西洋列強の野望渦巻く苛烈な国際情勢下で、ひとり先に文明開化した日本が独立をまっとうせんがためには致し方なく中国、朝鮮と袂(たもと)を分かたなければいけない......それが脱亜という選択肢である」
- Under the fierce international circumstance when Western powers had high ambitions, it was necessary for Japan to reluctantly keep away from China and Korea to keep independence as a country... the choice was to leave Asia.'
- 江戸時代の本末制度に代わる教団独自の宗制・寺法などを定め、本願寺を頂点とする真宗教団の引き締めを行う一方、いち早く側近や有望な若手僧侶らを海外留学させて、西洋文明に対抗しうる宗教教団のありかたを切り開いた。
- While he determined the own systems of sect and rules for temples which replaced the Honmatsu seido (the system of head and branch temples) in the Edo period, and sought to strengthen control of the religious community of the Shin Sect headed by the Hongan-ji Temple, he made his aides and young priests study abroad and developed a new religious community policy which could oppose the Western civilization.
- このような運動の中で創作された歌舞伎演目は、最初、河竹黙阿弥らの旧来の作者や福地桜痴ら文化人によって、歴史的事実をありのままに演じる活歴物や、西洋風の新しい風俗を描いた散切物などが作られたが成功しなかった。
- In such a campaign, some Kabuki programs were created anew, and their first ones were 'Katsureki-mono' (a historical drama), which faithfully performed the historical facts, & 'Zangiri-mono' (the plays the cropped hair people appeared), which portrayed new western-style customs, both made by experienced writers, including Mokuami KAWATAKE, or by intellectuals, including Ochi FUKUCHI, but they failed.
- その後、明治政府が西洋式の太陽暦の導入を計画していることを知った土御門晴雄は、旧来の太陰太陽暦の維持のため「明治改暦」を強硬に主張したものの、土御門晴雄本人の死去によりこの案が取り上げられることはなかった。
- Later, learning that the Meiji Government was planning to adopt the western style solar calendar, Haruo TSUCHIMIKADO vehemently insisted on Meiji kaireki (changing of the calendar in the Meiji period) to maintain the old lunisolar calendar, but this proposal was never taken up due to the demise Haruo TSUCHIMIKADO himself.
- その後明治13年(1880年)に宮内省宮内庁式部職雅楽課の伶人奥好義がつけた旋律を一等伶人の林廣守が曲に起こし、それを前年に来日したドイツ人の音楽家であり海軍軍楽教師フランツ・エッケルトが西洋風和声を付けた。
- After that, in 1880, Hiromori HAYASHI, who was an itto reijin (literally, first class performer of gagaku) prepared the setting based on the melody composed by Yoshiisa OKU, who was a Reijin (performer of gagaku) belonged to Gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music) Section, Shikibushoku of Imperial Household Agency and Franz Eckert, who was a German musician came to Japan in 1879 as a teacher for the military band of the Imperial Japanese Navy, added western-style harmony to the setting.
- 大村 益次郎(おおむら ますじろう、 文政7年5月3日 (旧暦)(1824年5月30日) - 明治2年11月5日 (旧暦)(1869年12月7日))は、幕末期の長州藩(現・山口県)の医師、西洋学者、軍事学者。
- Masujiro OMURA (May 30, 1824 - December 7, 1869) was a physician, Western studies scholar and military theorist from Choshu Domain (now Yamaguchi Prefecture) at the end of the Edo era.
- 円歩金(えんぶきん)は表面中心部に桐紋、さらに周囲にも五箇所の桐紋、裏面は中心に後藤庄三郎光次の花押、周囲に五箇所の桐紋の極印が打たれた円形の金貨であり、形状は西洋金貨風で日本の金貨としては異例のものである。
- Enbukin was oval gold coin which had Kiri-mon (paulownia patterns) on the center of head, Kiri-mon of Gokasho around it, Kao (written seal mark) of Shosaburo Mitsutsugu GOTO on the center of tail, hallmark of Kiri-mon of Gokasho around it, and its western gold coin shape was unusual for Japanese gold coin.
- 施設内には亀岡市と提携を結んでいる海外の各都市にちなみ、西洋の城をモチーフにした小さくかわいらしい建物、水鳥が憩う池、中国・蘇州市から寄贈された重厚な鐘と枯山水風の庭園などがあり、多くの市民に親しまれている。
- Within the facilities, based on the features of Kameoka City's overseas sister cities, the park has a cute small building modeled after a Western castle, a pond with waterfowl, a large and heavy bell donated by Suzhou City in China, a Japanese dry landscape garden and so on, all of which are popular with the city's residents.
- 近代になり西洋近代歴史学が導入されるとマルクス主義史観に代表される発展段階史観の概念に基づいた過去の日本の歴史の分析が行われるようになり、歴史的百姓身分を封建制段階における農奴身分と規定することが通説となった。
- In the modern times when western modern history was introduced, analysis of Japanese history based on the idea of the evolution phase concept of history, exemplified by Marxist history, was carried out, and it became a common theory that the historical hyakusho rank was defined as a serfdom in the feudalism phase.
- 『西洋医事集成宝凾』に校閲者として関わっていることから、蘭学者としての印象が強いが、もともと伝統的な本道医学にも通暁しており、当時毎年発表されていた名医の番付では、橋本宗吉よりもはるかに上位に位置づけられている。
- Despite his image as a scholar of Western sciences for his involvement in the revision of 'Seiyo Iji Shusei Hokan' (Treasure Chest of Collected Western Medical Facts), he was originally an expert of traditional medicine and ranked far higher than Sokichi HASHIMOTO in the list of good doctors published every year at that time.
- その上で、甲申政変における清軍の市民への乱暴狼藉を暗に挙げ、このままでは西洋人は清・朝鮮両国と日本を同一視してしまうだろう、間接的ではあるが外交に支障が少なからず出ている事は「我日本国の一大不幸」であると危惧する。
- Implying the rampageous behavior to citizens by the Chinese Amy at the Gapsin Coup, he says that the Westerners might see Japan as the same type of country as China and Korea, which might indirectly become an obstacle in foreign diplomacy and that will be 'a great misfortune for my Japan.'
- 伊藤は天皇に対して立憲君主制など西洋の制度・文物を導入することが天皇の権威を損ねるものではないことを説く一方で、天皇が閣僚の仕事ぶりに疑問や不満を抱いた時にはその意向を閣僚に伝え、時には天皇と閣僚の仲裁にあたった。
- Ito explained to the Emperor that the introduction of constitutional monarchy and other Western systems and products of culture would not hurt the Emperor's authority, and in order to mediate between the Emperor and bureaucrats, he communicated to bureaucrats Emperor's questions and dissatisfaction about their works.
- 牛原虚彦、島津保次郎、伊藤大輔、鈴木傳明、北村小松らと講義を受け、松竹蒲田撮影所で松竹第一作として製作された『奉仕の薔薇』(西洋模倣の行き過ぎにより公開が見送られる)、『光に立つ女(女優伝)』の脚本・監督を務める。
- He had lectures with Kiyohiko USHIHARA, Yasujiro SHIMAZU, Daisuke ITO, Denmei SUZUKI and Komatsu KITAMURA, and wrote the scenarios of 'Hoshi no Bara,' (The Rose of the Service) (the showing was postponed due to excessive Western mimicry) as the Schochiku's first film produced at Shochiku Kamata Studio and 'Hikari ni tatsu onna (Joyu-den)' (The Woman Standing in the Light - Memoir of an Actress) and directed these movies.
- 各地の測量には幕府の許可を要したが、幕府も西洋列強の艦船が頻繁に日本近海に現れるようになったため国防上、全国沿岸地図の必要を痛感しており、伊能の事業を有益だと判断したため、測量許可のみならず、全国各藩にも協力させた。
- Though he had to ask the Bakufu for permission to survey various areas, the Bakufu not only granted him permission but also ordered domains throughout the country to cooperate with him because it determined that his operations were beneficial, perceiving a pressing need for a national coastal map in terms of national defense, with warships of the Western posers frequently witnessed in the sea of Japan.
- 日本画の誕生は、明治政府の欧化政策のもとでの西洋文化の急速な流入に対する国粋主義的な危機感と、当時のアメリカ合衆国でヨーロッパ由来の文化との対抗軸を模索していたフェノロサとの出会いと共感が造り出したものかもしれない。
- Nihon-ga may have been a product of a nationalistic feeling of crisis due to the rapid influx of western culture under the Meiji government's westernization policy combined with an affinity felt in the encounter with Fenollosa who sought to create a foothold in America to counter the dominance of European culture.
- 当時、長崎は日本で唯一の海外と通じた都市であったため、そこで育った秋帆は、日本砲術と西洋砲術の格差を知って愕然とし、自らオランダ語や洋式砲術を学んで、私費で銃器等を揃え1834年(天保5年)に高島流砲術を完成させた。
- At the time, since Nagasaki was the only city in Japan open to overseas, Shuhan, who grew up there, was astonished to find such a large gap between Japanese gunnery and Western gunnery, so he studied Dutch and foreign gunnery on his own, gathered firearms and so on with his private money, and in 1834, completed the Takashima ryu hojutsu.
- また、西洋の文物にも関心を寄せ晩年はパンと牛乳を好み、カメラによる写真撮影・釣り・自転車・顕微鏡・手芸(刺繍)などの趣味に興じる。将軍時代には西周 (啓蒙家)からフランス語を習ったこともあったようだが、こちらは挫折した。
- He was interested in items of western culture, and in his later years he liked to eat bread and drink milk and he enjoyed his interests in photography, fishing, riding the bicycle, microscopy and craft (embroidery). During his tenure as the Shogun, he learned French from Amane NISHI but he gave up on this.
- フェノロサの通訳を勤めており助手であった岡倉覚三(のちの天心)らはこれに大きく力づけられ、1889年に東京美術学校(後の東京藝術大学)を開くと、西洋画の教育を排し、絵画としては橋本雅邦らを教師として日本画科をのみ設けた。
- Kakusan (later called Tenshin) OKAKURA, who worked as a interpreter and assistant for Fenollosa, was much encouraged by this experience and established The Tokyo Art School (later Tokyo Art University) in 1889 which did not teach western painting but had only a Nihon-ga faculty with teachers including Gaho HASHIMOTO.
- それまで語りの伴奏として用いられてきた琵琶に器楽的要素を大きく取り入れ、語りを伴わない琵琶演奏、西洋楽器やこれまで協奏することの無かった他の和楽器との合奏、また錦心流を基礎とした琵琶歌の改良、など斬新なアプローチを行った。
- He took in the instrumental elements into biwa that had been used as accompaniment to narration and made fresh approaches such as biwa performances without narration, ensemble with Western musical instruments and other traditional Japanese musical instruments that had never been played with, or refinement of the Biwa uta based on the Kinshin-ryu.
- 最終戦争即ち王道・覇道の決勝戦は結局、天皇を信仰するものと然らざるものの決勝戦であり、具体的には天皇が世界の天皇とならせられるか、西洋の大統領が世界の指導者となるかを決定するところの、人類歴史の中で空前絶後の大事件である。
- The final war, that is, the war between the way of rule by virtue and the way of rule by military might is ultimately a war to decide whether the believers or the non-believers in the Emperor shall prevail; more specifically, it is a war to decide whether the Emperor is to be the Emperor of the world or whether the president of the Western world is to be the leader of the world, making it an unprecedented event in the history of humankind.
- 1872年(明治5年)5月7日 (旧暦)(当時は旧暦の天保暦を使用。日本で翌年から使用を開始した西洋暦ことグレゴリオ暦では、6月12日となる)に品川駅~横浜駅(現在の桜木町駅)間で、仮開業という形で2往復の列車が運行された。
- On June 12, 1872, the train ran two round trips between Shinagawa Station and Yokohama Station (Sakuragicho Station at the present) as tentative operation for opening.
- 彼は、すでに1862年にルイ・パスツールが殺菌を発見していた西洋の近代的方法と異なり、温度計のない環境で、杜氏が酒の表面に「の」の字がやっと書ける熱さとしてぴったりと華氏130度(約55℃)をあてることに驚きを表明している。
- He was surprised that toji could judge 130 degrees Fahrenheit (about 55 Celsius) precisely by seeing the Japanese letter of 'no' (の) could be written somehow on the surface of sake without a thermometer, which was different from the modern way of sterilization in Western countries that had been discovered by Louis PASTEUR in 1862.
- 後半生は武雄領に戻り、天保5年(1834年)、日本の封建領主で最初に高島秋帆に弟子入りして西洋式砲術や科学技術を究めるとともに、佐賀藩主鍋島直正に大きな影響を与え、幕末期の佐賀藩の高度な軍事力・技術力開発のさきがけとなった。
- He spent the latter part of his life in Takeo, where in 1834 he became a student of Shuhan TAKASHIMA for the first time as a feudal lord in Japan to study Western gunnery and science and technology, while making a great impact on Naomasa NABESHIMA, the lord of the Saga Domain, thereby leading to the development of advanced military and technical power of the Saga Domain in the end of Edo period.
- 『源氏物語』に対して西洋の文学理論を適用することおよびそれに基づく分析手法を用いた結果導き出された「テーマ」に意味があるのかといった前提が問い直されていることも多く、それぞれがそれぞれの関心に基づいて論じているという状況である。
- People often doubted whether it was appropriate to apply the Western literary theory to 'The Tale of Genji' and whether the 'theme' derived from the analytical method based on the Western theory does make sense, so everybody would discuss it according to his or her interest.
- その虫歯が家茂の体力を弱め、脚気衝心、さらには医師間の診断内容の相違(高階ら漢方の典医は脚気との診断を下したが、西洋医の幕府奥医師たちはこれをリウマチだとして譲らなかった)も加わり、家茂の命を奪ったのではないか、と指摘している。
- It is suggested that what claimed his life, along with his bad teeth that weakened his stamina and heart failure from beriberi, were the conflicts in diagnosis between doctors (traditional Chinese medicine doctors, such as Takashina, diagnosed him with beriberi but western medical doctors, such as those from the bakufu, insisted he had rheumatism).
- ただし、当時使用されていた寛政暦などの太陰太陽暦と西洋のグレゴリオ暦とのずれは毎年異なっていたため、便宜上、翌年以降は冬至(太陽暦でも太陰太陽暦でも同じ日である)から数えて第11日目にオランダ正月の賀宴を開催するのが恒例となった。
- However, because the gap in dates between the lunar-solar calendar such as the Kansei calendar which was in use at those time in Japan and the Western Gregorian calendar differed every year, for convenience sake, it became an annual event to have a party for Oranda Shogatsu on the 11th day after the winter solstice (which fell on the same day on both calendars) since the following year.
- しかし、「焼肉」という語は夙に仮名垣魯文の『西洋料理通』(1872年)にバーベキューの訳語として使用されていること、朝鮮料理の「焼肉」が張赫宙の『権といふ男』(1933年)という小説に登場していることなどから、同誌の主張は疑わしい。
- However, the account given in this magazine is doubtful as the word 'yakiniku' had earlier appeared in Robun KANAGAKI's 'Seiyo Ryori Tsu' (1872), a book about Western food as a translation of the word 'barbeque,' and had also appeared in CHANG Hyok-ju's novel entitled 'Gon To Iu Otoko' (a man named Ken) (1933).
- フェノロサが最初に使った「日本画」という言葉は、西洋から渡来した油彩画に対して、それまでに日本にあった図画全般を単に指すものではなく、中国や朝鮮半島に由来しながらも、日本の中で熟成、独自に発展した様式について言っているものであろう。
- It is thought that the term 'Nihon-ga' used by Fenollosa for the first time did not simply refer to all drawings existing in Japan prior to the arrival of western oil painting, but more specifically to the style which had roots in China and the Korean Peninsula but was developed independently and matured in Japan.
- 神戸の旧居留地は、北は西国街道、東は旧生田川(現在のフラワーロード)、西は鯉川筋(現在の鯉川筋)、南は神戸港に囲まれた周囲と隔絶されていた地区で、そこにイギリス人技師J.W.ハートが居留地の設計を行い、整然とした西洋の街を造り上げた。
- The Former Foreign Settlement in Kobe was built on the isolated area, surrounded by Saigoku-kaido Road on the north, former Ikuta-gawa River (now Flower Road) on the east, Koikawasuji Road (now Koikawasuji Road) on the west, Port of Kobe on the south, designed by English engineer J.W.HART, who built neat western town on it.
- 今日では想像しにくいが、銅像を造って故人を顕彰するという西洋伝来の新しい文化がようやく定着した時期であり、その多くが正装したり威厳に満ちたものであったのに対し、西郷の銅像は明治維新の元勲のものとしては、あまりに庶民的に過ぎるものである。
- It's difficult to imagine it at present, but in a time when statues of the deceased were built to honor them (which is a Western custom) and many of statues were dressed up and majestic, the statue of Saigo was very ordinary, as his achievement was to serve country in the Meiji Restoration.
- この貿易自由化を皮切りとして、やがて洋酒の輸出国は、日本の従価税のかけ方では輸入酒に運賃や保険料の分まで税金がかかってしまうとして、アルコール度数に応じて課税するという西洋諸国の税制に日本も変更するようさらなる要求をしてくることとなる。
- Triggered by this trade liberalization, exporting countries of foreign liquors requested Japan to change the taxation in accordance with the degree of alcohol because an ad valorem duty in Japan was imposed on imported liquors with including transport costs and insurance costs.
- また、多くの楽器で音色技法が発達していおり、特に西洋音楽では現代になってやっと雑音的 (噪音) 要素を取り入れるようになったのに比べ、和楽器では早くから雑音の美が認められ、雑音的な要素までもが様々に取り入れられていることは大きな特徴である。
- Additionally, the techniques for generating various tones have advanced a great deal in most Wagakki, and in particular, while Western music has recently started to introduce noise elements, Wagakki are characterized in that the beauty of noises has been recognized since ancient times, and noise elements have been introduced in various ways.
- 様々な日本文化の発祥の源であり、いつの時代でも新しい文化のパイオニアとしてあり続けた日本を代表する寺院に舞台を設け、「東洋と西洋の出会い」をテーマに世界中で親しまれる音楽・新しいパフォーマンスを披露し、コラボレーションを奉納する文化イベント。
- It is a cultural event taking place at temples, the birthplace of various Japanese culture and the symbol of Japan, which has remained a forerunner of the new culture, to present musical and innovative performances emphasizing the 'East meets West' concept and to dedicate artistic collaborations.
- たとえば、大原美術館所蔵品のうち、エル・グレコ『受胎告知』をはじめ、ジャン=フランソワ・ミレー、ギュスターヴ・モロー、ピエール・ピュヴィス・ド・シャヴァンヌ(2点)、カミーユ・ピサロを含む6点の西洋絵画が1934年、重要美術品に認定されている。
- For example, six European paintings in the collection of Ohara Museum of Art including 'Annunciation' of El Greco and the works of Jean-Francois Millet, Gustave Moreau, Pierre-Cécile Puvis de Chavannes (2 pieces) and Camille Pissarro were accredited as the important art objects in 1934.
- 「鴎外漁史とは誰ぞ」(文壇時評)、「原田直次郎」(日本の近代西洋絵画)、「潦休録」(近代芸術)、「我をして九州の富人たらしめば」(社会問題)、「義和団の乱の一面の観察」(講演録)、「新社会合評」(矢野竜渓『新社会』の評論で社会主義などを記述)。
- Who is Ogai Gyoshi ?' (criticism on the literary world), 'Naojiro HARADA' (about western painting in the modern period of Japan), 'Ryokyuroku' (about modern art), 'If I were a wealthy man in Kyushu' (about social issues), 'Observations on one aspect of the Boxer Uprising' (lecture records), 'Joint review on new society' (a criticism of 'New Society' written by Ryukei YANO, in which mentioned socialism and so on).
- 日本で発明された扇子は、コンパクトに折り畳めるという利点が高く評価され、大航海時代には中国を経由して西洋にまで輸出されて独自の発展を遂げ、17世紀のパリには扇を扱う店が150軒を数えるほど、上流階級の女性のコミュニケーションの道具として大流行した。
- Sensu invented in Japan were exported through China to the West in the age of discovery, and because of its convenient folding into a compact size it developed in a unique way, becoming very popular among high-class women of the times, as a communication tool when there were about 150 shops handling Sensu in Paris during the 17th century.
- 「美術」という日本語の単語は西洋語からの翻訳語であり、1873年(明治6年)、当時の日本政府がウィーン万国博覧会へ参加するに当たり、出品する品物の区分名称として、ドイツ語のKunstgewerbeの訳語として「美術」を採用したのが初出と言われている。
- The Japanese word 'bijutsu' is the translation of the Western word that means 'art,' and in A.D. 1873, the then Japanese government participated in the Vienna International Exhibition, and used for the first time 'bijutsu' as the translation of the German word 'Kunstgewerbe' in order to distinguish Japanese exhibits from others, they say.
- 語源に関する有力な説は、『旧唐書』列伝の「呂才伝」の記事によるもので、7世紀はじめの唐の楽人である呂才が、筒音を十二律にあわせた立笛を作った際、中国の標準音の黄鐘(日本の十二律では壱越西洋音階のD)の音を出すものが一尺八寸であったためと伝えられている。
- The most widely accepted theory of the etymological origin of the word itself traces its appearance to the text in 'Biography of Lucun' in the series of 'Jiu Tang Shu' (Old Tang History), which describes that Lucun, a Tang musician who lived in the early seventh century, created a vertical flute tuned to a 12 tone scale, with the Oshikicho tone being the Tang standard tone (according to the 12-tone Japanese scale, the equivalent of the tone D on the scale of the West); the dimension at which this tonic was obtained is said to have been one shaku and eight sun, thus the name 'shakuhachi.'
- 銅鐸はその形状ゆえ、初期の小型の物は鈕の内側に紐などを通して吊るし、舞上面に開けられた穴から木や石、鹿角製の「舌(ぜつ)」を垂らして胴体部分か、あるいは「舌」そのものを揺らし、内部で胴体部分の内面突帯と接触させる事で鳴らされたと考えられる(西洋の鐘と同じ)。
- From the shape, it is thought that early small dotaku had a string or others hanging from a crown and a 'tongue (clapper)' made of wood, stone or a deer horn dangling inside the body through the top hole, and that it was rung when the tongue touches a raised-area on the inside wall of the body by swinging the body or the 'tongue' itself (same mechanism as in Western bells).
- また、大砲戦に対応した西洋式築城の影響を受けて、五稜郭など稜堡式要塞の影響を受けて築城された城もいくつか存在するが、五稜郭以外は、工期・予算を大幅に短縮又は圧縮されてとても実戦に耐えうるものではないもの、廃藩置県により工事が中止になったものがほとんどである。
- There are several castles which were built under the influence of the western castle construction style for artillery battles and the bastion-type fortresses (such as Goryokaku), but except for Goryokaku, they were not fit for actual fighting because of reduced construction period and budget, and the construction work for most of them was suspended by Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures).
- 幕末には攘夷論が台頭するがそれを克服し、戊辰戦争の後明治政府は西洋文明の積極的な受容による近代国家の建設、幕府が結んだ西欧諸国との不平等条約の改正と南下政策を進めるロシア帝国との国境確定および東アジア諸国との外交関係の再構築と版図の確定という課題に取り組んだ。
- Japan conquered principle of excluding foreigners that emerged at the end of Edo period, and the Meiji Government had tackled the following issues since the Bushing War: the construction of a modern state through the introduction of western civilization; the revision of the unequal treaties that the bakufu signed, with western countries; the definition of the border with Russia that had been promoting southward expansion; and the restructing of diplomatic relations and definition of the territory with East Asian countries.
- なお、遠近法は印象派画家、特にフィンセント・ファン・ゴッホ(1853年-1890年)に影響を与えたことで良く知られているが、もともと西洋絵画から浮世絵師が取り入れた様式であり、先人としては葛飾北斎や、歌川の始祖歌川豊春(1735年-1814年)の浮絵にみられる。
- The perspective is known to have influenced impressionists, particularly Vincent Van GOGH (1853 - 1890), but it was originally a technique that Ukiyoe artists had adopted from Western paintings, and can be observed in uki-e (perspective pictures) by earlier artists such as Hokusai KATSUSHIKA and Toyoharu UTAGAWA (1735 - 1814), the founder of Utagawa school.
- 政府は当初、伝統宗教の権威と地盤を以ってキリスト教防御と維新後の新体制を国民に教導する考えであったが、近代国家の樹立の為には政教分離と信教の自由を国家の基本方針として盛り込むことは避けられず、また西洋諸国との外交関係に於いてキリスト教の禁制解除は不可欠となった。
- At first, the Meiji government intended to keep citizens away from the influence of Christianity and to educate them on the new systems made by the new government renewed after the Meiji Restoration with authority and foundations of the Japanese traditional religion; however, the separation of religion and politics and the freedom of religion were essential policies in order to establish a modernized nation, and the cancellation of a ban on Christianity was indispensable to maintain the diplomatic relationships with Western countries.
- 清朝の暦法(時憲暦)が、実はイエズス会の宣教師が伝えた技法を採用していることを知った征夷大将軍徳川吉宗は、キリスト教色を排除した形で西洋天文学を取り入れた暦法を採用したいと考えるようになり、その意向を受けた西川正休・渋川則休らの手によって改暦の準備が始められた。
- Knowing that the rekiho (method of making calendars) used by the Qing dynasty (the Jikenreki; known in English as the Chinese calendar) was, in fact, based on Western calendrical methods introduced by Jesuit missionaries, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the then Seii taishogun (literally, great general who subdues the barbarians), decided to adopt a new calendrical system by introducing Western astronomy with all Christian influence removed, and in accordance with Yoshimune's wishes, Masayoshi NISHIKAWA and Noriyoshi SHIBUKAWA began preparations to reform the calendar.
- また、維新政府は西洋の諸制度を研究するため岩倉具視を正使、大久保利通・木戸孝允・伊藤博文らを副使とする岩倉使節団を欧米へ派遣するが、「留守政府」と呼ばれた日本残留組の西郷隆盛・井上馨・大隈重信・板垣退助・江藤新平・大木喬任らの手によって、次々と改革は進んでいった。
- Also, the restoration government dispatched the 'Iwakura Mission,' of which Tomomi IWAKURA was the chief envoy, and Toshimichi OKUBO, Takayoshi KIDO, and Hirobumi ITO were the vice envoys, to Europe and the United States, whereas the members of the 'Rusu-Seifu' (the temporary government while heads of the government were away) like Takamori SAIGO, Kaoru INOUE, Shigenobu OKUMA, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shinpei ETO, Takato OKI, advanced many reforms one after another.
- 商工会議所ビル自体は解体されたが、居留地の一角を占める百貨店大丸神戸店が自ら所有していたウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズ設計の近代建築をLive Lab West(現旧居留地38番館)として店舗化し、さらに周辺の近代西洋建築へ高級ブティックを積極的に出店していった。
- A department store Daimaru Kobe, which was in The Foreign Settlement, made the modern architecture it owned designed by William Merrell Vories into the shop as Live Lab West (now The Former Foreign Settlement 38th Building), opening up luxury boutiques aggressively in modern western architectures nearby, though Chamber of Commerce and Industry Building itself had been torn down.
- 西洋渡来の鞄などに比べ、包むものの大小・形状に囚われることなく変幻自在に包むことができること、包むものが無い時には畳んでかなり小さくすることができて軽量であることなど、その融通性・自在性が、環境問題への貢献とともに、「風呂敷」が近年見直されている点であると考えられる。
- Furoshiki' has been reassessed recently due allegedly to its flexibility and unrestrictedness indicated by the facts that, as compared with bags and so on introduced from abroad, it can be used to wrap up things freely without being restricted by sizes and shapes of things to be wrapped, it can be folded up to reduce its size and it is lightweight, and due to its possible contribution to environmental protection.
- 「そもそも西洋諸国に行わるる国会の起源またはその沿革を尋ぬるに、政府と人民相対し、人民の知力ようやく増進して君上の圧制を厭い、またこれに抵抗すべき実力を生じ、いやしくも政府をして民心を得さる限りは内治外交ともに意のごとくならざるより、やむを得ずして次第次第に政権を分与したる.
- In western countries, people confronted their government, and were enlightened, and rebelled against oppression, and built up arms, and a government which loses public favor could not control domestic and diplomatic affairs, and was gradually compelled to distribute ruling powers, and finally a national diet was established.
- また、坂本多加雄元学習院大学法学部教授は、甲申事変の失敗と清国の強大な軍事力を背景にして、「「脱亜論」は、日本が西洋諸国と同等の優位の立場でアジア諸国に臨むような状況を前提にしているのではなく、むしろ逆に、朝鮮の一件に対する深い失望と、強大な清国への憂慮の念に駆られて記された文章ではないか」と説明する。
- Takao SAKAMOTO, a former professor of the Faculty of Law of Gakushuin University explained that, with the background of the failure of the Gapsin Coup and China's strong army, ''Datsu-A Ron' was not written from an assumption for Japan to go against other Asian countries with the same position of superiority as European countries, but was written because he felt deeply disappointed by the incident in Korea and was concerned about China.'
- 鹿鳴館などの建築で有名な明治初頭の西洋近代建築を日本にもたらしたイギリス人、ジョサイア・コンドル(ジョサイア・コンダー)Josaih Conderが自国に紹介した日本のいけばなの書物、The Floral Art of Japan に解説されているいけばな理念、精神、花形、などはそのほとんどが遠州流から引用されている。
- Josaih Conder, a British architect who is famous for the construction of modern Western buildings like Rokumeikan in the early Meiji era, introduced Japanese ikebana to his country by his book 'The Floral Art of Japan,' and he explained the principle, sprit and shape of ikebana almost solely based on those of Enshu school.
- ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズ(William Merrell Vories、1880年10月28日 - 1964年5月7日)は、アメリカに生まれ、日本で数多くの西洋建築を手懸けた建築家であり、ヴォーリズ合名会社(のちの近江兄弟社)の創立者の一人としてメンソレータム(現メンターム)を広く日本に普及させた実業家でもある。
- William Merrell Vories (October 28, 1880 - May 7, 1964), who was born in the United States, was an architect who designed many western-style buildings in Japan; he was also a businessman responsible for widely popularizing Mentholatum (present-day Menturm) in Japan in his role as one of the founders of W.M. Vories & Company (whose name was later changed to Omi Brotherhood Co., Ltd.).
- 江戸幕府によるキリスト教禁令のため、表だってクリスマスを祝うことができなかったオランダ人が、代わりとして冬至に合わせて「オランダ冬至」として開催し、また日本の正月の祝いをまねて太陽暦による正月元日に、出島勤めの幕府役人や出島乙名、オランダ語通詞たち日本人を招いて西洋料理を振る舞い、オランダ式の祝宴を催したのが始まりである。
- The Dutch who were not allowed to celebrate Christmas, due to the ban on Christianity by the Edo Shogunate, had started the celebration as 'Dutch winter solstice' on the day of winter solstice and they invited Japanese people such as officers of the feudal government in Dejima, leaders of the island and interpreters of the language and treated them with western style food on the new Solar year's day in the similar manner as the Japanese New Year celebration.
- その要旨は「過去と未来とが現在において互いに否定しあいながらも結びついて、現在から現在へと働いていく」、あるいは、鈴木大拙の「即非の論理」(「Aは非Aであり、それによってまさにAである」という金剛経に通底する思想)を西洋哲学の中で捉え直した「場所的論理」(「自己は自己を否定するところにおいて真の自己である」)とも言われている。
- It is said that it can be summarized as 'the past and the future deny each other, but join together at the present and move from the present to the present' or 'the Logic of Topos' (locational logic) (the self is a true self when the self denies itself') which reinterprets 'the Logic of Sokuhi' (Superrational Logic) (an idea in Kongo-kyo Sutra that 'A is non-A and therefore is A') of Daisetsu SUZUKI in Western philosophy.
- 最終戦争即ち王道・覇道の決勝戦は結局、天皇を信仰するものと然らざるものの決勝戦であり、具体的には天皇が世界の天皇とならせられるか、西洋の大統領が世界の指導者となるかを決定するところの、人類歴史の中で空前絶後の大事件である。と極論を展開するなど、昭和維新運動以後の軍国主義の台頭によって、天皇の威を借りた軍部による政治介入が頻発した。
- The final battle, that is, the decisive war between righteous monarchy and military rule, is the final battle between those who worship the Emperor and those who do not; specifically, it will be the most important incident in the history of mankind, determining whether the Emperor will be the Emperor of the world or whether Western presidents will lead the world' and with the rise of militarism after the Showa Restoration movement, the military appropriated the authority of the Emperor to intervene in politics.
- しかしながら、こういった立憲君主との考えをば大衆をして浸透しなかったようで(それは美濃部の弁明を新聞で読んだ大衆の反応と、貴族院 (日本)での反応の温度差に明らかであり)、一連の騷動以後は天皇主権説が台頭したため、それらの論者は往々にしてこの立憲君主の考えを「西洋由来の学説の無批判の受け入れである(『國體の本義』より要約)」と断じた。
- However, it seems that the idea of the constitutional monarchy didn't prevail to the public (this was obvious from the difference in reactions between of the public who had read Minobe's explanation on newspapers and of the House of Peers [Japan]), and since the theory of the imperial sovereignty got an advantage after a series of turmoil, these people tended to advocate that the idea of the constitutional monarch was 'uncritical acceptance of western theory (summarized from 'Kokutai no Hongi' [the primordial doctrine of the national]).'
- 昭和21年(1946年)10月から昭和25年(1950年)12月まで、昭和天皇の「西洋の思想と習慣を学ぶ」という方針に従い、アメリカ合衆国の著名な児童文学者にしてクエーカー教徒のエリザベス・ヴァイニング(日本では「ヴァイニング夫人」として知られている。enElizabeth_Gray_Vining)が家庭教師として就き、その薫陶を受ける。
- Following the policy of the Emperor Showa, 'Learn the thought and custom of the West,' he studied from October 1946 to December 1950 under a Quaker enElizabeth_Gray_Vining, a famous juvenile literary person in the U.S. (in Japan, she was known as 'Mrs. Vining'), who was invited as a tutor.
- そのように明治政府の朝鮮政府に対する内政改革の要望にもとづいた外交施策がされていた中、福澤諭吉らもそれに反対するようなことはなかったが、その2年後、以下記述するような朝鮮政府の内政改革派(開化派)に対する弾圧を見て、福澤諭吉らは「猶予ある可らず」とか「正に西洋人が之に接するの風に從て處分す可きのみ。」とか「謝絶」というそれまでの姿勢とは全く逆の結論に至ることになる。
- While diplomatic measures were conducted based upon the request of the domestic administration reform toward the Korean government by the Meiji government, Yukichi FUKUZAWA and others were not against it but two years after that, after watching suppression of the pro-domestic administration reform group (Progressive group 'the Kaehwadang') by the Korean government as below, they reached a totally opposite conclusion to their former attitude saying 'we do not have the luxury of time to wait,' 'Simply adapting the ways of the Westerners is sufficient' and 'the refusal.'
- 大日本帝国陸軍参謀であった石原莞爾は、「人類が心から現人神(あらひとがみ)の信仰に悟入したところに、王道文明は初めてその真価を発揮する。最終戦争即ち王道・覇道の決勝戦は結局、天皇を信仰するものと然らざるものの決勝戦であり、具体的には天皇が世界の天皇とならせられるか、西洋の大統領が世界の指導者となるかを決定するところの、人類歴史の中で空前絶後の大事件である。」と主張した。
- The general officer of the Imperial Japanese Army, Kanji ISHIWARA said 'Where all the human beings believe in the Arahitogami, the civilization of the rule of Right shows its real value for the first time. The last war, the final match between the rule of right and the rule of might is in fact a match between people who believe in the Emperor and people who don't. So the war is to decide if the Emperor becomes the Emperor of the world or the Western President becomes the leader of the world. This is the biggest event of all time in our history.'
- 日本民藝館の創設者であり民芸運動の中心人物でもある柳宗悦は、日本各地の陶磁器、染織、漆器、木竹工など、無名の工人の作になる日用雑器、朝鮮王朝時代の美術工芸品、江戸時代の遊行僧・木喰(もくじき)の仏像など、それまでの美術史が正当に評価してこなかった、西洋的な意味でのファインアートでもなく高価な古美術品でもない、無名の職人による民衆的美術工芸の美を発掘し、世に紹介することに努めた。
- Muneyoshi YANAGI, who was the founder and key figure of the Mingei (National Art) Movement worked hard to discover beauty of folkish art craftworks by unknown craftsman of ceramic ware, dyeing and weaving, lacquer ware, and woodwork such as daily use ware in various places in Japan and art crafts in Korean Dynasties period and Buddha statues of traveling monk or mokujiki in the Edo period which had not been fairly evaluated and not fine arts or expensive antiquities in the western sense and introduced them to public.
- 三権分立の「政体」に始まり、大院・小院の2院制の「議事院」「学校」「変制」、封建制から郡県制への移行や世襲制の廃止、税制改革まで唱えた「国体」「建国術」「製鉄法」「貨幣」「衣食」女子教育を勧めた「女学」遺産の平均分与の「平均法」「醸造法」「条約」「軍艦国体」「港制」「救民」「髪制」寺の学校への開放を唱えた「変仏法」「商律」「時法」太陽暦の採用を勧めた「暦法」西洋医の登用を訴えた「官医」と内容は多岐にわたる。
- His petition dealt with a wide range of matters: 'Constitution,' i.e. the separation of the administrative, legislative, and judiciary branches of government; 'Giji-in' (Diet), i.e. having a bicameral parliament with a lower and upper house; 'Schools'; 'System reform'; 'National polity,' i.e. the shift from the feudal system to the county/prefecture system, abolishment of the hereditary system, and tax system reform; 'Nation building techniques'; 'Iron and steel production'; 'Currency'; 'Food and clothing'; 'Education for women' that promoted the education of girls; 'Heikin-ho' (averaging method), i.e. the average distribution of property; 'Brewing methods'; 'Treaties'; 'National warship program'; 'Harbor regulations'; 'Citizen welfare'; 'Laws concerning hair'; 'Henbutsu-ho' (laws concerning temples), i.e. the opening up of temple schools to the public; 'Shoritsu' (commercial laws); 'Jiho' (timetable method); 'Rekiho' (method of making calendars), i.e. the promotion of the adoption of the solar calendar; and 'Kani' (office doctor), i.e. the promotion of the adoption of Western medical science.
- 白河法皇が「天下の三不如意―鴨川 (淀川水系)(鴨川)の水(鴨川の流れとそれによる水害)・双六の賽(サイコロ、当時の双六(ただし、現在のものと違い西洋のバックギャモンに近い)は賭博の手段として盛んに用いられて、さいころの目の動きが勝敗を分けた)・山法師(比叡山延暦寺の僧衆〔僧兵〕)」だけはどうしようもないと嘆いたという故事は、裏を返せば彼がそれ以外のものであれば思い通りにならない事はないという絶大な権力を誇っていたことを示している。
- The Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa had supreme power, but it was said he mented that, he has no control over the following three things: 1. Waters of the Kamo River (tributary of the Yodo River)(due to its flow and frequent flooding); 2. Dice used in sugoroku (different from current sugoroku, close to western backgammon), which was popular way of gambling at that time, with spots on the dice selecting winners/losers; and 3. Yamaboshi (monk soldiers from Mt. Hie Enryaku-ji Temple), which show that SHIRAKAWA had absolute control apart from these three things.
- 玉川堂五代目田村綱造の『楽水紙製造起源及び沿革』によると、「和製唐紙の原料及び労力の多きに比し、支邦製唐紙の安価なると、西洋紙の使途ますます多きに圧され、この製唐紙業の永く継続し得べからざるより、ここに明治初年大いに意匠工夫を凝らしし結果、この楽水紙といふ紙を製することを案出し、今は玉川も名のみにて、鳥が鳴く東の京の北の端なる水鳥の巣鴨の村に一つの製紙場を構え、日々この紙を漉くことをもて専業とするに至れり。もっとも此の紙は全く余が考案せしものにはあらず、その源は先代(田村佐吉)に萌し、余がこれを大成せしものなれば、先代号を楽水といへるより、これをそのまま取りて楽水紙と名ずける。」とある。
- According to the 'the origin and the history of rakusui-shi production' written by Kozo TAMURA, the fifth head of the Tamagawa-do Store, 'While domestic Chinese paper production requires a large amount of materials and labor, Chinese paper made in China is cheaper. In addition, the usage of Western paper is increasing more and more, which can interfere with continuing this domestic Chinese paper production over a long period. Thus, this 'rakusui-shi' paper was invented as a result of tremendous trials of designs and ideas during the first year of the Meiji period (1868). Now, 'Tamagawa' is only valid as a store name, and a paper mill has been operated in Sugamo village, named after a waterfowl, which is located in the north end of Tokyo where birds sing. We have produced this paper every day as our principal occupation. This paper, however, was not completely invented by myself. The original idea was hit upon by the previous head (Sakichi TAMURA) and I completed it. Because his pseudonym was 'Rakusui,' I named this paper as 'rakusui-shi' after him.'