襲: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 襲
- layers of clothing worn under one's overcoat
- combination of colors created by layering of garments (colours)
- Kasane
- Kon
- Shuu
- Souen
- attack
- advance on
- succeed to
- pile
- heap
- 因襲
- convention
- tradition
- long-established custom
- 蹈襲
- following (e.g. suit, in someone's footsteps, etc.)
- emulation
- 夜襲
- night attack
- nocturnal assault
- moonlighting
- 猛襲
- fierce attack
- furious attack
- 襲う
- to attack
- to assail
- to make an assault
- to strike
- to hunt down
- to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.)
- to make a sudden visit
- affect
- attempt
- hit
- mob
- molest
- smite
- storm
- take off ~ [~ off]
- 襲衣
- wearing one garment over another
- 襲ぐ
- to succeed (someone in a business or inheritance)
- 桜襲
- combination of layered colours, esp. for kimono (usu. white and light indigo)
- 奇襲
- surprise attack
- raid
- a sneak attack
- 急襲
- raid
- assault
- descent
- swoop
- 逆襲
- counterattack
- recrimination
- 強襲
- assault
- violent attack
- 熊襲
- Kumaso (ancient Japanese people resident to southern Kyushu)
- Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district)
- 空襲
- air-raid
- air raid
- Airstrike
- 襲撃
- attack
- charge
- raid
- assault
- incursion
- inroad
- maraud
- onset
- Surprise attack
- 踏襲
- following (e.g. suit, in someone's footsteps, etc.)
- emulation
- 世襲
- heredity
- heritage
- Order of succession
- 侵襲
- invasion
- infestation
- insult
- aggression
- Invasiveness of surgical procedures
- 襲爵
- succession to the peerage
- 襲名
- succession to another's professional name
- Shūmei
- 襲雷
- lightning strike
- lightning bolt
- 襲来
- invasion
- raid
- attack
- visitation (of a calamity)
- 世襲。
- The membership is by succession.
- 侵襲性
- invasiveness
- aggressive
- 桜襲ね
- combination of layered colours, esp. for kimono (usu. white and light indigo)
- 低浸襲
- non-invasive approach (medical)
- 襲芳舎
- court ladies' residence (in the inner Heian Palace)
- 大坂襲撃
- An attack against Osaka
- 法皇襲撃
- Attacking the Monk-Emperor
- 襲田正徳
- Osoda Masanori (1947-)
- 非侵襲性
- noninvasive
- non-invasive
- ~を襲う
- come over
- descend on ~
- lay into ~
- 急襲する
- descend
- raid
- swoop
- attack by storm
- 襲撃する
- assail
- assault
- descend
- raid
- tip over ~ [~ over]
- 侵襲攻撃
- attack (fit
- seizure)
- 襲い掛る
- to rush on
- to attack
- to swoop down on
- 襲の色目
- combination of colors created by layering of garments (colours)
- Kasane no irome (the color combinations for kimono)
- 奇襲攻撃
- surprise attack
- ambush
- 空襲警報
- air-raid alarm
- air alert
- 非侵襲的
- non-invasive
- noninvasive
- noninvasively
- atraumatic
- non-invasively
- 襲名披露
- announcing the succession to another's stage name
- On the occasion of a ceremony for announcement of somebody's succession to a professional name
- 三条殿襲撃
- The attack on the Sanjo Palace
- 不意を襲う
- catch ~ with pants down
- 襲い掛かる
- to rush on
- to attack
- to swoop down on
- 襲いかかる
- to rush on
- to attack
- to swoop down on
- pounce
- 東京大空襲
- Great Tokyo Air Raid (firebombing of Tokyo, Mar. 10, 1945)
- 熊襲の女酋説
- The Theory of a Female Chief of Kumaso
- 蒙古襲来絵詞
- The Moko shurai ekotoba (Illustrated Narrative of the Mongol Invasions)
- Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba
- 襲の色目の例
- Examples of Kasane no irome (color combinations for female court attire)
- 空襲警戒警報
- air raid precautions
- 特殊急襲部隊
- Special Assault Team
- SAT
- 非侵襲的検査法
- noninvasive testing
- 北条氏が世襲。
- The position was successively inherited by the Hojo clan.
- 薩軍の八代急襲
- Sudden Attack by the Satsuma Army
- 蒙古襲来とも。
- It is also referred to as Moko Shurai.
- 非侵襲生体計測
- non-invasive biological measurement
- 坂本龍馬襲撃事件
- The attack on Ryoma SAKAMOTO
- 襲撃者たちの処分
- The punishment of the assailants
- 非侵襲的陽圧換気
- noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
- NPPV
- non-invasive positive pressure ventilation
- 世襲的な社会構造
- Hereditary social structure
- 腸管侵襲性大腸菌
- EIEC
- enteroinvasive E. coli
- 不意に襲いかかる
- come down on someone
- 倭迹迹日百襲媛命説
- The Theory of Yamatototohimomoso Hime no Mikoto
- 七条警察署襲撃事件
- The Case of an Attack on the Shichijo Police Station
- 始祖・襲津彦の伝承
- The folklore of the earliest ancestor, Sotsuhiko
- - 天和令を踏襲。
- - It followed the Tenna rei.
- 倭迹々日百襲姫命墓
- Yamatotohimomosohimenomikotohaka
- 襲名を新左衛門と云う。
- The clan had its hereditary name 'Shinzaemon.'
- 「かさね」(襲と重ね)
- Kasane' (Kasane [adding colors] and Kasane [layer])
- 熊本城強襲と小倉電撃作戦
- Storming Kumamoto Castle and Kokura Blitz Tactics
- 企業乗っ取り防止の奇襲策
- Pac-Man maneuver
- - 落語家などの襲名披露。
- For example, rakugo-ka (a comic story teller) wears this attire on the occasion of a ceremony for announcement of his succession to the new name.
- 南九州は熊襲の本拠地である。
- Southern Kyushu was the base of Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district).
- 12月、土佐国幡多郡を襲撃。
- In December, he attacked Hata county in Tosa Province.
- の不意を襲って~の弱みを握る
- catch ~ with one's pants down
- マシンロボ クロノスの大逆襲
- Machine Robo: Revenge of Chronos
- Machine Robo: Revenge of Cronos
- リヤドに空襲警報が鳴らされた
- air raid sirens wailed over Riyadh
- 前回の襲来と併せて元寇と呼ぶ。
- This and the previous assault are collectively referred to as the Mongol invasions of Japan.
- そして、逆落しの奇襲を行った。
- Yoshitsune then executed his surprise attack of 'sakaotoshi.'
- 現在は国道25号が踏襲している。
- At present, National Route 25 follows its path.
- 奇襲の成功により全て落とされる。
- They were all taken by the successful surprise attack.
- 1980年柳家松太郎を襲名する。
- In 1980, he succeeded to the name of 'Shotaro YANAGIYA.
- 裾は下襲や袍と一体になっている。
- Kyo is connected to the shitagasane and ho.
- 目的は襲名披露や公演の宣伝など。
- Its purpose is for announcement of someone's succession to his predecessor's name or advertising performance.
- その後同じように男子に世襲される。
- Thereafter the throne was succeeded as such.
- 後に長官は小槻氏が相続・世襲した。
- Afterwards, the post of Kami (director) was succeeded and inherited by the Ozuki clan.
- 蒙古襲来(元寇)に備えて築かれた。
- It was constructed to prepare for Mongol invasion attempts against Japan (Genko).
- 2001年、三世梅若万三郎を襲名。
- He succeeded the professional name Manzaburo UMEWAKA the third, in 2001.
- 2000年、家元「井上八千代」を襲名
- 2000 – Succession to the head of the school as Yachiyo INOUE
- 更に長門国を襲撃して官物を略奪した。
- Sumitomo also attacked Nagato Province, and stole Kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes).
- 平安時代以降、頭は中原氏が世襲した。
- Beginning in the Heian period, kami (the head) was inherited by the Nakahara clan.
- その色の取り合わせを襲の色目という。
- The color combinations of this Kasane was called Kasane no irome.
- また、官軍は襲山街道からも攻めてきた。
- In addition, the government army attacked the Satsuma army along the Shuzan-kaido Road as well.
- 父親の職は息子が世襲するものとされた。
- The son was supposed to succeed to the profession of his father.
- 1947年、家元、四世井上八千代を襲名
- 1947 – Succession to the head of the School, as Yachiyo INOUE the 4th
- グレゴリオ暦にもそれが踏襲されている。
- The Gregorian calendar has followed this decision, too.
- この定めはその後の改鋳にも踏襲された。
- A similar decision was made, repeatedly, in the subsequent coin renewals.
- 師範・準師範は原則として世襲ではない。
- Shihan and jun shihan are not succeeded basically by hereditary system.
- 舞楽用の装束では下襲と一体化している。
- As a costume for bugaku dancing, this underwear is united with shitagasane (a long inner robe.)
- 逆襲した薩軍と壮烈な白兵戦が展開された。
- The government army and the counterattacking Satsuma army fought hand-to-hand fights fiercely.
- 「日本紀略」に群盗に襲われた記述がある。
- It is mentioned in 'Nihongi Ryaku' (Summary of Japanese Chronologies, that he was attacked by a group of robbers.
- 娘の葛比売が神別葛城氏の襲津彦に嫁いだ。
- His daughter, Katsurahime, married Sotsuhiko of the Shinbetsu Kazuraki clan.
- 11月、周防国の鋳銭司を襲い焼いている。
- In November, Sumitomo burnt down the Jyusenshi(mint)of Suo Province.
- 大戦末期の空襲にも屈せず興行が行われた。
- In defiance of air raids, Kabuki performances were conducted even in the closing days of WWII.
- そして高麗の海船を襲って人と米を略奪した。
- The pirates attacked ships of Goryeo and abducted people and looted rice.
- ここで三方面から官軍を抜刀戦術で襲撃した。
- Here, the Satsuma army attacked the government army with swords.
- 4月17日夜半、島津軍は根城坂を急襲した。
- At midnight on May 24, the Shimazu army raided Nejirozaka.
- この頃、西方では倭寇が朝鮮や中国を襲った。
- It was from this time that Japanese pirates, known as 'Wako,' in western Japan began raiding the coasts of Korea and China.
- また、屋形号や将軍による偏諱も踏襲された。
- The Shogunate likewise continued to grant the honorary title of yakata or the shogun's names.
- 下襲(したがさね):半臂の下に着用する服。
- Shitagasane: clothes worn under the hanpi.
- つまり、この合戦全体が政略的な奇襲である。
- In other words, the entire battle was framed upon a strategically planned surprise attack.
- 24日、教康は逆襲に出て両軍は激しく戦う。
- On 18th, Noriyasu counterattacked and both armies fought fiercely.
- 長岡空襲慰霊灯籠流し(長岡まつり)(日本)
- Toro Nagashi Ceremony as a Memorial Service for Victims of air raids on Nagaoka (Nagaoka Festival) (Japan)
- 正式には襲装束(かさねしょうぞく)と言う。
- Its official name is Kasane-shozoku.
- 後を継いだ勝頼もその基本戦略を踏襲していた。
- Katsuyori, who took over the family from Shingen, essentially followed his strategy.
- 父の死後、1940年に十一代浄益を襲名した。
- He succeeded the name of Joeki XI subsequent to his father's passing.
- 元盛の子左近身愛(観世黒雪)が九世を襲った。
- So, Sakon Tadachika (Kokusetsu KANZE), a son of Motomori, succeeded the ninth.
- 1924年、歌舞伎座で四代目片岡我當を襲名。
- In 1924, he succeeded to the stage name Gafu KATAOKA and became the fourth to do so in Kabuki-za theater.
- 正式な改姓は得全が襲名した1871年である。
- They officially changed their family name when Tokuzen succeeded the family name in 1871.
- 以後江戸時代は、この施薬院氏が院使を世襲した。
- After the Edo period, the Seyakuin clan succeeded to the administrator for generations.
- 午前11時頃より各地で奇襲、急襲を繰り返した。
- From around eleven a.m., the army repeatedly laid an ambush or carried out surprise attacks here and there.
- 熊襲(? 日向国成立後、薩摩国、大隅国を分離)
- Kumaso (? Satsuma and Osumi Provinces were separated after Hyuga Province was established)
- 範頼・義経軍は二手に分かれて平氏軍を急襲する。
- Noriyori and Yoshitsune's troops split in two and attacked the Taira clan forces.
- 幽玄・枯淡を基調とする二条派の歌風を踏襲する。
- It follows the poetry style of the Nijo group which depended on ideas of yugen (a subtle and profound beauty) and kotan (simple and refined).
- 夜間、日本側からの小舟に分乗して、元船を奇襲。
- Surprise attacks in the night against the Yuan ships, departing from Japan in small boats.
- 袿の上下に重ねることを「襲(かさね)」という。
- Kasane' (adding colors) means wearing another kimono on or under uchigi (ordinary kimono.)
- 平安後期以後は安倍氏と賀茂氏による世襲となった。
- After the late Heian period, the position became hereditary in the Abe and Kamo clans.
- さらに楠木軍は一部が打って出て幕府軍を奇襲した。
- A portion of the Kusunoki army charged, attempting a surprise attack on the bakufu army.
- これ以後、世子島津斉彬の襲封を願うようになった。
- After that he wished to live in the territories of the heir of Nariakira SHIMIZU.
- 宗家、分家(観世銕之亟家)は完全な世襲制である。
- Soke and bunke (the family of Tetsunojo KANZE family) are succeeded completely according to hereditary system.
- また日本国憲法には皇位が世襲される旨の定めがある。
- The Constitution of Japan stipulates that the position of the Emperor is hereditary.
- 替わって河野主一郎の中隊が逆襲して官軍を撃破した。
- Then the company led by Shuichiro KONO took the place, and counterattacked and defeated the government army.
- 室町幕府の職制はほぼ鎌倉幕府の機構を踏襲している。
- The staff organization of Muromachi Bakufu is more or less adapted from the organization of Kamakura Bakufu.
- 文化8年 (1811) には四代目鶴屋南北を襲名。
- In 1811, he succeeded to the professional name Nanboku TSURUYA VI.
- 美玉三平と中島太郎兵衛は農民に襲撃され射殺された。
- Sanpei MITAMA and Tarobee NAKAJIMA were attacked by the farmers and shot to death.
- 26歳で名跡を襲名し、父の跡を継ぎ町役人も務める。
- He succeeded to the stage name at the age of 26, and also succeeded to his father's position as a town official.
- 2代目文團治の7代目文治襲名前後に全盛期を迎えた。
- Kamigata rakugo was at its zenith around the period in which Bundanji II succeeded to Bunji VII.
- 11世紀頃から院使は、丹波氏が世襲するようになった。
- After the eleventh century, the administrator was hereditarily succeeded by the Tanba clan.
- 熊襲(くまそ)とは、日本の記紀神話に登場する一族名。
- Kumaso is a name for the family that appear in 'Kojiki' (Records of Ancient Matters), 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), and the Japanese mythology.
- これを知った吉村は決死隊を編成して夜襲をこころみる。
- After he knew of the retreat of Tenchu-gumi, YOSHIMURA organized a death squad and tried a night attack.
- 保存会は、浄土院 (京都市左京区)の檀家による世襲。
- The preservation society membership is transferred from one generation to the next by succession within the family of the supporters of Jodo-in Temple (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City).
- 宮内庁は、倭迹迹日百襲姫命大市墓として管理している。
- The Imperial Household Agency manages it as the Mausoleum of Yamatototohimomosohime no mikoto (Princess Yamatototohimomosohime) at Oichi.
- 日本の輸送船を襲い、日本軍に被害を与える戦功をたてた。
- The fleet attacked Japanese transport ships and made a great success by damaging the Japanese navy.
- この日、一ノ瀬の鵬翼隊三番中隊の塁にも官軍が襲来した。
- On the same day, the fort of the 3rd company of the Hoyoku-tai troop was also raided by the government army.
- 5月28日明け方、官軍が舞床の鵬翼隊三番中隊を襲った。
- At dawn on May 28, the government army attacked the 3rd company of the Hoyoku-tai troop in Maitoko.
- 6日には西方に迂回して甲突川を越えて急襲しようとした。
- On May 6, the Satsuma army tried to detour west, crossing the Kotsuki-gawa River, to raid the government army.
- すると、その夜、村は大洪水に襲われ、全壊してしまった。
- Suddenly, the village was submerged under a great flood and was completely annihilated during that night.
- 元暦二年(1185)七月九日、大きな地震が都を襲った。
- On July 9, 1185, a big earthquake hit the capital.
- 訓儒麻呂は手勢を率いて山村王の帰路を襲い、駅鈴を奪う。
- Kusumaro attacked Yamamura-O during his return trip and recovered the ekirei.
- 彼はついに逆襲を決意、敵の将である宇文会を討ち取った。
- Finally, he made up his mind to counterattack and killed the enemy general, Ubunkai.
- この事件で襲撃側では中井庄五郎が死亡、負傷者2-3名。
- During this incident, Shogoro NAKAI died and a few others were injured on the attacker's side.
- この義兵は流民も多く、朝鮮の民衆や軍隊も襲う事もあった。
- Such volunteer soldiers included many displaced persons and sometimes attacked Korean people or the army.
- 3月3日、高野勢五十余名が多和城を夜襲して損害を与えた。
- On April 5, more than 50 soldiers of the Koya army attacked the Tawa-jo Castle at night and damaged it.
- 明の嘉靖年間、中国の沿岸部は倭寇の襲撃を度々受けていた。
- During the Kangzi period (1521 - 1566) during the Ming dynasty, wako (Japanese pirates) repeatedly raided China's coasts.
- 忠次の次男伊奈忠治の系統は旗本となり関東郡代を世襲した。
- The lineage of Tadaharu INA, the second son of Tadatsugu, became a hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun) family, inheriting the post of Kanto gundai for generations.
- 芹沢鴨:1863年9月18日、土方らに奇襲を受け、討死。
- Kamo SERIZAWA: Died September 18, 1863 in a surprise attack by Hijikata and other members.
- 1927年3月、北丹後地震に襲われ壊滅的な被害を出した。
- In March 1927, the earthquake at the northern Tango Province occurred, causing catastrophic damage.
- 朝廷の苛政に対して出羽国の夷俘が蜂起して秋田城を襲った。
- The Ifu in Dewa Province revolted against the misrule by the Imperial Court and attacked Akita-jo Castle.
- 江戸時代以降は、所領の加増という点は一環して踏襲された。
- After the Edo period, the practice of increasing vassals' holdings steadily continued.
- 次に挙げるのは『襲国偽僣考』の考証を修正したものである。
- The following are the eras modified after the investigation of 'Sonokunigisenko.'
- 義輝の居城である二条御所に軍勢を率いて襲撃したのである。
- They led an army against the castle called Nijo Gosho, where Yoshiteru had lived.
- 直後の2月、寺田屋で幕吏に襲撃されたが一命を取り留める。
- Immediately thereafter in February, Ryoma was attacked by shogunate officials at Teradaya inn, but escaped death.
- 日本書紀には熊襲と表記され、古事記には熊曾と表記される。
- In Nihonshoki, it was written as Kumaso (熊襲), while in Kojiki, it was written as Kumaso (熊曾).
- 八世野村万蔵を襲名する目前であったが、死後に追贈された。
- He was about to assume the eighth Manzo NOMURA and was conferred it posthumously.
- その後女形として京で名を挙げ、初代尾上菊五郎を襲名した。
- He subsequently made a name for himself as an actor of female roles in Kyoto, and took the name Kikugoro ONOE (I).
- 黒船襲来後の攘夷の高揚と国内の政争により新選組誕生した。
- In the wake of the arrival of the Black Ships (Perry's fleet), Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate) was established in order to cope with the rise of the movement advocating for the expulsion of foreigners as well as political disturbance.
- 10日早朝、織田勢は夜襲の報復として寺尾壇の砦を攻撃した。
- In the early morning of the 12th, the Oda army attacked the Fort of Terao dan as revenge for the night attack.
- この強襲中の昼過ぎ、遅れて西郷が川尻から代継宮に到着した。
- Around early afternoon during the attack, SAIGO arrived at Yotsugimiya from Kawajiri after the army.
- そこを信長の近畿管区軍というべき光秀軍が襲撃したのである。
- In this atmosphere, Mitsuhide's troops, which was the de facto Kinki Region Corps of Nobunaga, attacked Nobunaga.
- 元慶2年(878年)3月、夷俘が蜂起して秋田城を急襲した。
- In March in the second year of the Gangyo era (878), the Ifu rose in revolt and ambushed Akita-jo Castle.
- これらは初めに成立した大鏡の特徴を後の3つが踏襲している。
- This is due to the fact that the style of Okagami, the oldest among four, was continued by the latter three.
- これを好機と見た武士らは元軍に襲いかかり、これを殲滅した。
- The samurai took this opportunity to attack the Yuan army and destroyed it.
- 襲撃開始から直弼殺害まで、わずか数分の出来事だったという。
- From the start of the attack until the time of Naosuke's death, it is said that the whole incident only lasted a few minutes.
- 2月5日、純友は淡路国の兵器庫を襲撃して兵器を奪っている。
- On February 5, Sumitomo attacked an arsenal in Awaji Province to gain weapons.
- 8月、純友は400艘で出撃して伊予国、讃岐国を襲って放火。
- In August, Sumitomo organized some troops and headed towards the Iyo and Sanuki Provinces with 400 boats.
- 中世以降は清原氏が長官職を世襲し付属の主水司領を相続した。
- After medieval times the Kiyohara clan took a position of Kami (director) by succession and succeeded to attached land of Shusuishi.
- 翌6日夜、県側は一揆首謀者の宿舎を急襲し、彼等を捕縛した。
- On the night of the next day, 6th, the Prefectural Office made a raid on a camp where ringleaders of the uprising stayed, and arrested them.
- 江戸幕府開府後も、幕閣最高位の役職としてこの名を踏襲した。
- Even after the Edo bakufu was established, this title continued to be used for the highest post available to cabinet officials of the Shogunate.
- 二百十日・二百二十日とともに台風襲来の特異日とされている。
- August 1 on the old lunar calendar is also considered to be one of the three days on which it is statistically likely that a typhoon would hit Japan; the other two days are the hundred and twentieth day and the two hundred and tenth day from the first day of spring according to the lunar calendar.
- 1432年に元雅が客死した翌年には音阿弥が観世大夫を襲う。
- Motomasa died on a journey in 1432, the next year Otoami assumed the position of Kanze-dayu.
- 職分・準職分についてもほぼそれを世襲する家が決まっている。
- As for shokubun and jun shokubun, it has been almost decided by the hereditary system which family succeeds which profession.
- 明治期に入ると、2代目文枝襲名をきっかけに四天王は割れる。
- During the Meiji period the Big Four broke up when Bunshi II succeeded to Bunshi I.
- そのため明・朝鮮連合軍は強襲策を放棄し、包囲戦に切り替える。
- Accordingly, the allied forces of Ming and Korea gave up the attack and switched to a battle of encirclement.
- 4月1日、別働第1旅団が薩軍夜襲隊を追撃して宇土を占領した。
- On April 1, the detached 1st brigade chased a night attack troop of the Satsuma army, and seized Uto.
- 途中、摂津源氏の多田行綱らの襲撃を受け、これを撃退している。
- On the way to Kyushu, he was attacked by Yukitsuna TADA of Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan) and others but he attacked them back.
- 黒船来襲の時その差は決定的となり、その後の明治維新に繋がる。
- Japan's being far behind the naval technologies of the West was glaringly clear to everyone to see when Kurofune (the Black ships of Commodore Matthew Perry) came to Japan and this fact led Japan to the Meiji Restoration.
- 下妻近くの多宝院で天狗党の夜襲を受けるなどして諸藩軍は敗走。
- The allied force was attacked at night by Tenguto at the Taho-in Temple around Shimotsuma area and lost.
- 他山と違い、保存会は唯一、寺の檀家の世襲ではなく有志による。
- Unlike the other mountains, this is the only preservation society that is made up of volunteers and not the supporters of the temple.
- これらの部隊は一時薩軍を走らせたものの、逆襲にあい、撤退した。
- These units drove off the Satsuma army once, but was fought back and retreated.
- その過程で科挙に合格し官僚を独占し世襲化する両班制が成立した。
- During this process, the yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) was established where bureaucrats who succeeded in Kakyo monopolized the bureaucratic positions by inheritance.
- 義仲は北陸道への脱出をはかるが、これへ範頼の大軍が襲いかかる。
- Yoshinaka attempted to escape to Hokuriku-do (northern prefectures), but was attacked by Noriyori's enormous army.
- ただし、真夏の空気に包まれる期間が長い分、台風が襲来しやすい。
- As the period in which the region is covered by the real summer air is long, however, the region tends to have typhoons.
- 梅花拳はその流派を三千人ほど集め、1897年に教会を襲撃した。
- The plum blossom martial art gathered three thousand members of the school and attacked the church in 1897.
- 吹負はこのあと西と北から来襲する近江朝の軍と激戦を繰り広げた。
- Fukei troops waged a fierce battle with the Omi Court army and attacked from the west and north.
- 国鉄80系電車及びその塗色を踏襲した湘南電車の黄かん色に由来。
- It originates the coach color of JNR/JR Commuter Trains Series 80 and its successor, Shonan Trains.
- 明正天皇即位のときにこれが復興され、後桜町天皇も踏襲している。
- When Empress Meisho ascended the throne, it was revived and Empress Gosakuramachi also followed this custom.
- たとえば春の柳襲と夏の卯の花襲はともに表が白、裏が萌黄となる。
- For example, the outer material was white and the lining was light green for both the yanagigasane for the spring and the unohanagasane (deutzia flower color combination) for the summer.
- 近代以前は一般的に世襲され、現在でもその傾向がきわめてつよい。
- Before modern times, the position was generally hereditary, and this trend continues today.
- その後松本幸四郎_(初代)の養子となり二代目松本幸四郎を襲名。
- He subsequently was adopted by Koshiro MATSUMOTO (I) and took the name Koshiro MATSUMOTO (II).
- 7月、援軍に来た祖承訓率いる遼東の明軍が最前線の平壌を急襲した。
- In August, the army of Ming from Liaodong headed by Zu Chengxun, sent as reinforcements made an assault on Pyongyang at the forefront.
- そして2回にわたって攻撃を加えたが、城兵の逆襲を受けて敗退した。
- Though they attacked the castle two times, they lost in face of the counterattacks by johei (castle garrisons).
- 反撃に出た西郷軍では9月4日、貴島率いる決死隊が米倉を急襲した。
- On September 4, among Saigo's forces, which had started counterattacking, the Kesshi-tai troop led by KIJIMA made a surprise attack on Yonekura.
- この夜、三方堺の鵬翼隊二番中隊も襲われ、弾薬不足のため背進した。
- In this night, the 2nd company of the Hoyoku-tai troop in Sanpokai was also attacked and forced to retreat due to lack of ammunition.
- 翌日には政府と王宮を襲い領議政(首相)と旻氏系高官らを殺害した。
- On the following day, the rioters attacked the government and the palace and killed the supreme leader (prime minister) and high ranking officials of the Min family.
- 慶応2年(1866年)に発生した伏見奉行による坂本龍馬襲撃事件。
- An attack on Ryoma SAKAMOTO by the Fushimi magistrate carried out in 1866.
- 現在もそれらを踏襲する国道161号・国道367号や湖西線が通る。
- Route 161, Route 367 and Kosei Line, which have adhered to the roads mentioned above, go through the area.
- 本庄繁長は、ひそかに伊達勢の後ろを襲撃しようと兵をまわしていた。
- Shigenaga HONJO moved his troops to try to attack the Date forces secretly from behind.
- 京を追われた折は夜盗に襲われ、「貧乏公方」とも呼ばれたとされる。
- When he escaped from Kyoto he was attacked by a robber and was called 'a poor Kubo (a court noble)' as well.
- 目先の変わった物語であるが、原作の筋をほぼそのまま踏襲している。
- It is a novelty, but it follows the plot of its original almost as it is.
- こうした家元による封建的・世襲支配構造など、非常に共通点が多い。
- These and the iemoto system have a lot in common, such as how the feudal and hereditary governance structure headed by iemoto.
- - 歌舞伎座にて『金閣寺』の雪姫ほかで四代目中村雀右衛門を襲名。
- He succeeded to the name, Jakuemon NAKAMURA (the Fourth) by playing the roles such as Yukihime in 'Kinkaku-ji Temple' at the Kabuki-za Theater.
- さらに二代目市川團十郎の養子となって四代目市川團十郎を襲名した。
- He then was adopted by Danjuro ICHIKAWA (II) and took the name Danjuro ICHIKAWA (IV).
- 781年に成徳の李宝臣が死去し、その子の李惟岳が世襲を求めてきた。
- In 781, Baochen LI of Chengde passed away, and the son, Weiyu LI, requested a hereditary succession.
- 淵辺群平は、塁を奪還するため夜襲を命じたが、官軍の反撃で退却した。
- Gunpei FUCHIBE commanded the company to make a night attack to recapture the fort, but it was counterattacked by the government forces, being forced to retreat.
- このため、薩軍は左右翼に分かれて山道から官軍を奇襲し優位に立った。
- Therefore, the Satsuma army divided the forces into the left flank and the right flank, launched a surprise attack against the government army through the mountain roads, and had an advantage over the government army.
- 中村中佐は5月21日、横野方面の薩軍を襲撃し、岩野村に敗走させた。
- On May 21, Lieutenant Colonel NAKAMURA raided the Satsuma army in the Yokono area, making the enemy retreat to Iwano Village.
- 箸墓古墳(宮内庁指定では倭迹迹日百襲姫命墓)とする説が有力である。
- The dominant theory is that her tomb is the Hashihaka Tumulus (Yamatototohimomoso Hime no Mikoto's tomb by designation of the Imperial Household Agency).
- 一揆軍は京都と外部の連絡を断った上で、酒屋、土倉、寺院を襲撃した。
- The army of uprisers cut off communication between Kyoto and outside areas, and then attacked sake shops, doso (pawnbrokers and moneylenders), and temples.
- 応永の外寇・・・1419年(応永26年)におきた朝鮮による対馬襲撃
- The Oei Gaiko (the Foreign Raiders of the Oei era): the 1419 (Oei 26) raid on Tsushima island by Korean raiders.
- 12月9日深夜、藤原信頼・源義朝の軍勢は院御所・三条殿を襲撃した。
- On January 26, 1160, the forces of FUJIWARA no Nobuyori and MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo carried out a raid on the Sanjo Palace, an old palace of the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa.
- 平面プランは基本的に平城京を踏襲し、隋・唐の長安に倣うものである。
- This two dimensional plan was basically adopted from the Heijo-kyo and copied the Changan of Chinese Sui/Tang dynasties.
- そこから尼子軍の本陣を強襲したところ尼子勢は総崩れとなり敗走した。
- They stormed the troop headquarters of the Amago army from the top of Fubeyama, and the Amago army broke down and ran away.
- 以降、問注所執事は鎌倉・室町期を通じて三善氏が世襲することとなる。
- From then on, the members of the Miyoshi clan served as the head of the Monchujo for generations during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.
- この打ちこわしでは江戸に多かった西洋との貿易を扱う商人も襲われた。
- There were many trading merchants who had business with the West in Edo and during the riots, such merchants were also attacked.
- 幕府海軍と高杉率いる艦隊が戦い、奇襲戦法により幕府海軍は敗走した。
- The navy of the bakufu fought against the fleet lead by Takasugi, but it was put to flight by the surprise attack of the Takasugi's fleet.
- 幕府天領の五條市に到着した天誅組は、代官所を襲撃することを決める。
- After arriving at Gojo City, the bakufu's demesne, Tenchu-gumi decided to attack the local magistrate's office.
- 仮面を付けずに、常装束(襲装束・蛮絵装束)で、4人で舞う曲が多い。
- It is danced with Tsune-Shozoku costume (Kasane-shozoku costume, Bane-shozoku costume) and no mask, and most often it is performed by four dancers.
- また第2および第4旅団は木原山急襲の薩軍を挟撃して川尻に敗走させた。
- The 2nd and the 4th brigades attacked the Satsuma army, which had raided Mt. Kihara, from both sides, making the Satsuma army retreat to Kawajiri.
- 翌15日に京方の藤原秀康率いる800騎が京都守護伊賀光季の邸を襲撃。
- The next day, on the fifteenth, 800 riders led by Hideyasu FUJIWARA, of the capital faction, raided the mansion of Mitsusue IGA, one of the protectors of Kyoto.
- 藤堂平助:1867年11月18日、油小路で近藤らに襲撃を受け、討死。
- Heisuke TODO: Died November 18, 1867 in an attack from the Kondo group at Aburanokoji
- 大内方は細川方を襲撃し遣明船を焼き払い、明の官憲は細川方を支援した。
- The Ouchi faction attacked the Hosokawa faction, burning their ship, and Ming officials supported the Hosokawa faction.
- 黒田は略奪を”乱取り”と呼び、新説を「乱取り状態急襲説」と名付けた。
- Calling looting 'Randori,' Kuroda named his new theory 'Sudden Attack in Randori-State Theory.'
- 官司請負制の確立によって公家の家柄の固定化や官職の世襲化が進行した。
- By the establishment of the hereditary government office system, the immobilization of Kuge's family lineage and the heredity of the post of the government officials increased.
- 九州に入った小碓命は、熊襲建の新室の宴に美少女に変装して忍び込んだ。
- Coming to Kyushu, Ousu no Mikoto disguised himself as a beautiful girl and slipped into the banquet celebrating Kumaso Takeru's newly-built dwelling.
- 翌日の夜明けには長篠城包囲の要であった鳶ヶ巣山砦を後方より強襲した。
- The following day, at dawn, they suddenly attacked the fort on Mt. Tobigasu, the keystone of the besiege on the castle, from behind.
- しかしここで暴風雨が襲来し、元の軍船は浮いているだけの状態となった。
- Then a storm occurred and the Yuan fleet could do nothing, but float.
- 退位(たいい)とは、天皇や国王といった世襲の君主がその地位を退く事。
- Abdication of the throne implies resignation by a monarch such as an emperor or a king from his or her position.
- 弓騎兵は接近戦を避けながら、敵の脇、及び後方から敵を素早く急襲する。
- Archery cavalry soldiers quickly give sudden attack from the side and back of the enemy while they try to avoid being too close to the enemy.
- さらに1960年代後半期には襲名興行や追善興行のみになってしまった。
- Furthermore, in the latter half of the 1960s the theater was used for kabuki only for performances given in commemoration of actor's succession and memorial performances.
- 1995年、父より野村万蔵家当主を引き継ぐとともに五世万之丞を襲名。
- In 1995, he succeeded to the head of the Manzo NOMURA family after his father and assumed the fifth Mannojo.
- - 東京劇場にて『扇屋熊谷』の平敦盛ほかで七代目大谷友右衛門を襲名。
- He succeeded to the name, Tomoemon OTANI (the Seventh) by playing the roles such as TAIRA no Atsumori in 'Ogiya Kumagai ' at the Tokyo Theatre.
- 蒙古襲来絵詞(もうこしゅうらいえことば)は、筆者不明の全2巻の絵巻物。
- 'Moko Shurai Ekotoba' is a pair of picture scrolls by an unknown author.
- 一味は内裏を襲撃して火をかけ、後花園天皇は左大臣の近衛忠嗣の邸に避難。
- The group attacked and set fire to the Inner Imperial Court and Emperor Gohanazono was evacuated to the house of the Sadaijn (minister of the left), Tadatsugu KONOE.
- また翌日も舞鶴港を中心に大規模な空襲に見舞われ、多数の死傷者を出した。
- The next day, US forces again air-raided Maizuru, this time on Maizuru port which subsequently suffered a large number of casualties.
- 長官は鎌倉公方で尊氏の子・足利基氏の子孫が世襲し、関東管領が補佐した。
- The position as chief of this organization was succeeded by the descendant of Motouji ASHIKAGA, a son of Takauji, who served the position of Kanto control (関東管領).
- 一部の人物の死亡記事に簡単な略伝を付し、これは後続の史書に踏襲された。
- The brief biographies were added to some of the obituaries, and this style was followed by the succeeding history books.
- が、警備は十分ではないため暴徒の襲撃を受けた日本公使館は自ら応戦した。
- However, as the protection was insufficient, the members of the Japanese legation fought back against the attack of the mob on their own.
- こうしたものは宮廷における諸行事の際の役割分担が世襲化したものである。
- These were the allocated roles in the Imperial Court events, which were then succeeded by heredity.
- 鵜匠は岐阜市長良に6人、関市小瀬に3人おり、これらは全て世襲制である。
- There are 6 ujo in Nagara, Gifu City and 3 ujo in Oze, Seki City, and these are all succeeded by heredity.
- 襲も同様で、色の重ね方に決まりがあり、それぞれに固有の呼び名があった。
- There were also rules and specific names for the color combinations of Kasane (adding colors) as well.
- なおかつ軍の後方に位置しながらも敵軍に襲われる可能性が高い部隊であった。
- Even though a Konidatai troop was positioned at the rear of the army, there was a high possibility that it would be attacked by the enemy.
- そうした恩賞のあり方は南北朝時代や室町時代を通じて、基本的に踏襲された。
- Such a practice of rewards essentially continued into the period of the Northern and Southern Courts and the Muromachi period.
- また男子はこれとは別に20畝の桑田を与えられ、これは世襲できるとされた。
- A mulberry field of approx. 0.93 hectares was supplied to each male additionally, and it was specified that this field was inheritable.
- 鳥羽・伏見敗戦にともなって新政府による徳川征伐軍の襲来が予想されていた。
- After the bakufu side lost at the battle of Toba-Fushimi, the bakufu side expected the army conquest of Tokugawa, formed by the new government, was prepared to attack the bakufu side immediately.
- 襲名披露興行における『仮名手本忠臣蔵』の大石主税で文部大臣賞を受賞した。
- He received the Ministry of Education Award for his performance as Chikara OISHI in 'Kanadehon Chushingura' (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers) which was played as a show of announcing his succession to another stage name.
- 帰京の後師匠・九代目團十郎の前名を継承して二代目河原崎権十郎を襲名した。
- After returning to Tokyo, he succeeded to the former name of his teacher Danjuro (IX) and took the name Gonjuro KAWARASAKI (II).
- 「しかし、空襲が始まると、すべての女性はズボンまたはモンペを着用した。」
- When air raids were launched, all women wore slacks and Monpe.'
- また、守護の世襲化が進行したこともあり、守護所も固定される傾向が強まった。
- Also, Shugosho increasingly became fixed to one place according to the development of Shugo's hereditary succession.
- この地域の人々は古くは熊襲、7世紀後半ごろからは隼人と呼ばれるようになる。
- People in these areas were known as Kumaso in ancient times and, since the middle of the seventh century, Hayato.
- 室町、徳川幕府では征夷大将軍の位は君主家たる将軍家の男児に代々世襲された。
- The position of seii taishogun was passed on to male heirs of the families positioned to accede to the shogunate of the monarchy in the Muromachi bakufu and the Tokugawa shogunate.
- そういうことはよくあり、現存する竹崎季長の『蒙古来襲絵詞』にも痕跡がある。
- Such things have often happened, for example, there is a trace in the existing 'Moko Shurai Ekotoba' (picture scrolls of Mongol invasion attempts against Japan) written by Suenaga TAKEZAKI.
- 襲撃者たちは『武鑑』を手にして大名駕籠見物を装い、直弼の駕籠を待っていた。
- The attackers, with the 'Bukan' (a book of heraldry) in their hands, disguised themselves as onlookers of a daimyo palanquin and waited for Naosuke's palanquin to pass.
- 襲撃側のうち、最初に駕籠目掛けて斬り込んだ稲田重蔵は河西に斬り倒され即死。
- Juzo INADA, who was the first to attack the palanquin with a sword on the attacking side, was struck down by KAWANISHI and died immediately.
- 鎌倉公方は関東管領によって補佐され、管領職は上杉氏による世襲状態であった。
- Kamakura kubo was assisted by Kanto kanrei, and the post of kanrei was basically hereditary to the Uesugi clan.
- 一方、桂の煮えきらぬ態度に怒り狂った国民は、国民新聞社や警察などを襲った。
- On the other hand, the people, outraged by KATSURA's indecisive attitude, raided the Kokumin Newspaper company building and police stations.
- 議会停会に憤激した民衆は警察署や交番、御用新聞の国民新聞社などを襲撃した。
- The adjournment of the Diet enraged the masses, and they attacked facilities such as police stations, neighborhood police boxes, including a newspaper company Kokumin Shimbun, which was a government organ.
- 1951年(昭和26年)には再建なった歌舞伎座で六代目中村歌右衛門を襲名。
- He succeeded to Utaemon NAKAMURA VI in the Kabuki-za Theater reconstructed in 1951.
- 中国南宋の画風、特に米元章や米元暉の画風を踏襲する作品が一般的に該当する。
- The painting styles of Southern Song of China, especially the works following the painting style of Mi Fu and Mi Youren generally apply.
- 倭迹迹日百襲姫命とは、『日本書紀』では崇神天皇の祖父孝元天皇の姉妹である。
- In the 'Nihon Shoki' (The Chronicles of Japan), Yamatototohimomosohime no Mikoto is a sister of Emperor Sujin, who is the grandfather of Emperor Kogen.
- 10月には昌幸が禰津某を討ち取り、信蕃は小諸城を襲って大道寺政繁を駆逐した。
- In October and November, Masayuki killed a member of the Nezu family and Nobushige attacked Komoro-jo Castle to get rid of Masashige DAIDOJI.
- 一方、霞権現へ向かった鵬翼三番隊は奇襲に成功し、銃器・弾薬等の軍需品を得た。
- On the other hand, the 3rd troop of the Hoyoku-tai troop, having advanced to Kasumi-gongen, succeeded in a surprise attack and looted ordnance including firearms and ammunition.
- 義輝は継嗣のないまま、三好三人衆や松永久秀らに襲撃・殺害された(永禄の変)。
- Yoshiteru was attacked and assassinated by Miyoshi Sanninshu (Miyoshi Triumvirate) and Hisahide MATSUNAGA (Eiroku Incident) without an heir.
- かくして光秀は信長が宿泊していた京都の本能寺を二手に分けて急襲し信長を包囲。
- In this way, Mitsuhide attacked Honno-ji Temple, where Nobunaga was lodging, quickly with two groups of his soldiers and so surrounded Nobunaga.
- この奇襲は成功し、大岩山砦の中川清秀は敗死し、岩崎山砦の高山重友は敗走した。
- This surprise attack won success; Kiyohide NAKAGAWA at Oiwayama fort and Shigetomo TAKAYAMA at Iwasakiyama fort was routed.
- 寝込みを襲われた為か、その武器を使った反撃をできず殺害されていたとみられた。
- It seems that he was attacked while he was asleep and that he was killed without being able to defend himself using his own weapons.
- 『蒙古襲来絵詞』や『法然上人絵伝』には畳を追回しに敷いた状況が描かれている。
- In 'Moko Shurai Ekotoba' (picture scrolls of the Mongol invasion attempts against Japan) and 'Honen Shonin Eden,' there were scenes that tatami mat were used in oimawashi.
- 十二単では季節ごとに対応する色目の襲を着用したが、通年使われるものもあった。
- Juni-hitoe was worn with Kasane (adding colors) which was suitable for each season, but some Kasane were used all year round.
- その場合、下襲を着た後に腰に裾を当て、裾から伸びる帯を前に回して結びつけた。
- In this case, after putting on shitagasane, the ends of the belt extended from kyo were brought in front and were tied up.
- なお、郵政民営化前の特定郵便局長の任用は事実上の世襲であったと指摘されている。
- In addition, it is pointed out that before the privatization of the postal service, the appointment of the master of a special locally-owned post office was an example of virtual heredity.
- 翌年の長禄2年(1458年)にも自天王の母の屋敷を襲い、再度神璽を持ち去った。
- The retainers attacked the residence of Jinenno's mother the following year 1458, and took away the Shinji again.
- 上野氏は佐渡国守護等、数ヶ国の守護を歴任したものの、子孫代々世襲されなかった。
- The family took over as Shugo of Sado and several other provinces, but the posts were not passed down to the descendants.
- 1945年1月16日 米軍爆撃機B-29 (爆撃機)編隊が上空飛来のうえ空襲。
- January 16, 1945: U.S. B-29 Superfortresses (bombers) flew over in formation and launched an air raid.
- 一方、主君より世襲の俸禄(家禄)を受け、名字帯刀などの身分的特権を持っていた。
- On the other hand, samurai received horoku (salary), i.e. karoku (hereditary stipend), from his lord, and had privileges such as Myojitaito (the right to bear a surname and to wear a sword).
- 友人のすすめで生活費稼ぎに書いた「ソビエト帝国の逆襲」がベストセラーになった。
- Being exhorted by friends, he wrote a bestseller 'The Soviet Empire Strikes Back' in order to earn a living.
- 11月、藤原忠実邸(鴨院)に居た「鴨院義親」を騎兵20、従者3-40人が襲撃。
- In November 20 horse soldiers and 30 to 40 attendants attacked 'Kamoin Yoshichika' who was in the mansion of FUJIWARA no Tadazane (Kamoin).
- やがて三月上巳の日、海辺で祓えを執り行った矢先に恐ろしい嵐が須磨一帯を襲った。
- Soon after that, just as a purification ceremony was proceeding on the seashore on the first day of the serpent in March, a terrible storm assailed the whole area of Suma.
- そのことで小碓命は父に恐れられ、疎まれて、九州の熊襲建兄弟の討伐を命じられる。
- Due to that, his father feared and shunned Ousu no Mikoto, and ordered him to subjugate the brothers Kumaso Takeru in Kyushu.
- 守屋は蘇我氏の寺を襲い、仏像は川に投げ入れ、寺は焼くということをしてしまった。
- Moriya attacked the Soga clan's temple and threw the statue into the river, then set the temple on fire.
- 暴徒化した民衆は内務大臣 (日本)官邸、国民新聞社、交番などを襲って破壊した。
- The people who turned into a mob attacked and distracted the official residence of Minister of Home Affairs, Kokumin Shinbunsya, police stations and so on.
- 代表的なものは表裏に重ねるものでこれをとくに襲の色目(かさねのいろめ)という。
- The typical method is the layering of dresses inside out, which is specifically referred to as the Kasane no irome (color combinations for female court attire).
- 京都南座・大阪歌舞伎座をのぞく、主要劇場の空襲による焼失は大きな痛手であった。
- The main theaters except the Minami-za in Kyoto and Osaka Kabuki-za in Osaka were destroyed by fire in air raids, resulting in great damage to the world of Kabuki.
- 下襲の後ろ身頃(背部)は長くできており、着用時は長く尾を引くように引き擦った。
- The ushiro-migoro (back main panel) of shitagasane (long inner robe) was made long and was trailed like a long tail when it was put on.
- 澤村宗十郎の門人として芸を磨き、のち宗家を継承して五代目澤村宗十郎を襲名した。
- He polished his art as a student of Sojuro SAWAMURA and later succeeded to the lineage and took the name Sojuro SAWAMURA (V).
- 1965年5月 歌舞伎座にて『寿曽我対面』の十郎ほかで四代目尾上菊之助を襲名。
- May, 1965: He succeeded to the name, Kikunosuke ONOE, the Fourth, by performing such as Juro in 'Kotobuki Soga no Taimen' (confront with the enemy) in Kabuki-za theater.
- 日高郡 (和歌山県)でも3月23、24日頃には上方勢が来襲し、湯河領に侵攻した。
- In Hidaka County (Wakayama Prefecture) the Kamigata army arrived and invaded the territory of the Yukawa clan around April 22 or 23.
- こうして、算道は世襲による閉鎖的な学術となって、日本数学史は停滞の時代を迎えた。
- As a result, heredity made Sando a closed discipline, and the Japanese history of mathematics entered a time of stagnation.
- 本居宣長、鶴峰戊申の説は卑弥呼は熊襲が朝廷を僭称したものとする「偽僣説」である。
- Norinaga MOTOORI and Shigenobu TSURUMINE advocated the 'Forged Title' theory, which stated that Himiko, a female chief of Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district), pretended to the throne of the Imperial court.
- 襲津彦の伝承は、『日本書紀』の神功皇后摂政紀・応神天皇紀・仁徳天皇紀に記される。
- The folklore of Sotsuhiko is recorded in the three sections of 'Nihonshoki': Jingu Kogo sesho ki, Ojin Tenno ki and Nintoku tenno ki.
- 特に前者の受領襲撃は、反国家行為として「凶党」と呼ばれ、軍事制圧の対象となった。
- In particular, the former, the persons who assaulted zuryo, were called 'gangsters' as carrying out an anti-national act, and were targeted for military suppression.
- 各地で借金苦に苦しんだ農民たちが酒屋、土倉、寺院(祠堂銭)を襲い、私徳政を行う。
- Farmers who were troubled with debt attacked liquor stores, pawnbrokers and temples (lenders using donations to a temple) to cancel the debts by force.
- この書もまた、類書の形態を踏襲しており、この書を類書として見ることも可能である。
- This book also follows the style of Leishu and therefore can be regarded as a Leishu.
- 1897年にカトリック側を襲撃し、教会の破壊や神父の殺害を決行した(曹州教案)。
- They attacked the Catholic side, destroying churches and murdering priests in 1897 (Soushukyoan).
- 打ちこわしは3日間にわたって続き米穀商や鴻池家のような有力商人の店が襲撃された。
- The destructive riot in Osaka lasted for three days, in which the stores of rice dealers and influential merchants, like Konoike family, were attacked.
- 九州の御家人竹崎季長の描かせた『蒙古襲来絵詞』には、建築当時の姿が描かれている。
- Stone tsuiji at the time of construction is depicted in 'Moko Shurai Ekotoba' (picture scrolls of Mongol invasion attempts against Japan) which Suenaga TAKEZAKI, a shogunal retainer in Kyushu, ordered to paint.
- 良兼は内通者から情報を得て、石井の館に夜襲をしかけるが将門軍は奮闘し撃退される。
- Led by a betrayer of Masakado, Yoshikane attacked Ishii at night but retreated by Masakados' struggle.
- ただし、名跡の襲名などについてはやはり家系や血縁などが重んじられるところがある。
- However, with respect to succession to a professional name, for example, factors such as family line and blood relationship are considered important.
- 刑務官刑務官の抱える諸問題や死刑執行人概説といった犯罪者と関わる職業も世襲が多い。
- Heredity often also applies to such occupations as prison officers and executioners, as seen in social problems found among prison officers or the summary of executioners.
- 細川澄元も屋敷を襲われ、一旦近江甲賀郡に逃走するが国人の力を借りて勢力を盛り返す。
- Although Sumimoto HOSOKAWA's residence was also attacked and Sumimoto once escaped to Koga-gun Omi Province, he gained strength back with the help of Kokujin (local samurai).
- 延喜年間の阿蘇友成(宇治友成)以降は阿蘇神社の大宮司を世襲するようになったという。
- From the generation of ASO no Tomonari (UJI no Tomonari) who lived in the Engi era, the Aso clan inherited the position of daiguji (high priest of a great shrine) of Aso-jinja Shrine.
- この戦い以降、官軍は警戒を強め、7月17日に堡塁や竹柵を築いて薩軍の奇襲に備えた。
- After this battle, the government army became more vigilant, and on July 17, built forts and bamboo fences against surprise attacks by the Satsuma army.
- 朝廷は様々な加持祈祷を試みたが甲斐なく、諸物価は高騰し、さらに疫病が人々を襲った。
- The Imperial Court tried in vain to depend on various incantations and prayers, and in addition to the rise of prices, a plague killed many people.
- 慶長6年3月24日政宗は再び出馬し、25日白石城に着、28日には福島城に襲来した。
- Departing for the battle again on March 24, 1601, he arrived at the Shiraishi-jo Castle on March 25 and invaded the Fukushima-jo Castle on March 28.
- その間に持豊配下の兵士が「陣立」と称して洛中の土倉・質屋を襲撃して財物を強奪した。
- During that time, soldiers under Mochitoyo attacked doso (underground warehouse) and pawnshops in the capital and robbed properties calling it as a 'battle array.'
- 下襲の下に衵(あこめ)を着用していたが、明治以降皇族以外は着用しないこととなった。
- Akome (a lined gown) had been worn under the shitagasane, but after the Meiji period nobody wore it except for the Imperial families.
- しかしながら、天皇と皇太子が着用するものに関しては下襲と裾が続くものとされている。
- However, as to sokutai worn by the Emperor and the princes, shitagasane and kyo were connected with each other.
- のち初代市川右團次を襲名する際に屋号に選んだ「鶴屋」は養育家の屋号を転用したもの。
- The stage family name he chose when he later took the name Udanji ICHIKAWA was 'Tsuruya,' which he borrowed from the name of the family in which he was raised.
- 襲の色目(かさねのいろめ)は女房装束の袿の重ね(五つ衣)に用いられた襲色目の一覧。
- Kasane no irome is a list of the color combinations in wearing kimono in layers, and was used when women decided the colors of uchigi (itsutsuginu, or in five layers) for court costumes.
- しかし戦争の激化により一部は閉鎖され、残った寄席も大阪大空襲によって灰塵に帰した。
- Yet, some were shut down as the War became more intense and the rest were burned down by the Osaka Air Raid.
- 10月、一氏は兵力で劣るために正面からの戦いを避け、夜襲で対抗するよう指示を出した。
- In November, Kazuuji issued a command to attack at night, avoiding a fight from the front because he had a smaller military force.
- 院御所の襲撃は平治の乱の前例があるが、藤原信頼の目的はあくまで信西一派の捕縛だった。
- The antecedent of the attack on In no gosho was the Heiji War, but FUJIWARA no Nobuyori's goal was to seize the Shinsei group.
- 元暦2年/寿永4年 (1185年)2月、義経は奇襲によって屋島を攻略(屋島の戦い)。
- In March, 1185, Yoshitsune captured Yashima by means of a surprise attack (in what is known as the battle of Yashima).
- これは官職やレーエンが世襲化された結果で、大公家門、辺境伯家門、伯家門が形成された。
- This was the result of government positions and fiefdom being assumed on the basis of heredity; families of grand dukes, Markgraf and counts were formed.
- 騎馬隊の任務は足軽隊の戦闘で手薄になった箇所への突撃・突破とそれに対する逆襲である。
- The task of the cavalry was to attack and penetrate through the areas where fighting by the foot soldiers became sparse, and also to counterattack in such cases.
- 一国に1人置かれる国追捕使または国押領使は、次第に特定の家系が世襲するようになった。
- The position of the koku (province)-tsuibushi or koku-oryoshi assigned to each province gradually became hereditary, being monopolized by a specific family line.
- 戦場付近の村を襲い農作物を根こそぎ奪い、女・子供をさらい売り払うか奴隷にするかした。
- They attacked villages around battle fields, where they took all of the farm crops and kidnapped women and children for money or for use as slaves.
- 義輝側は事前に館を修築するなど、三好勢の襲撃に備えていたが、所詮多勢に無勢であった。
- Yoshiteru and his aides had prepared against the Miyoshi troops' raid by repairing the palace building in advance, but were overwhelmed by superior numbers.
- 当時は写真が無かったため、襲撃者が主君の顔を知っているとは限らず有効な手段であった。
- Since photography was not available at that time and an assailant did not always know the face of the lord, it was an effective measure.
- 一方、義朝の夜襲の献策を信西は入れて、崇徳らの本拠地であった白河殿を攻めさせている。
- Meanwhile, Shinzei accepted Yoshitomo's advice to make a night attack, and he had his army attack the Shirakawadono, which was the base of Sutoku.
- 已む無く水戸の激派が独自に大老襲撃を断行することとし、薩摩からは有村が一人加勢した。
- Radical retainers of Mito themselves, with the help of one man from Satsuma, ARIMURA, attacked the Tairo.
- 長元3年(1030年)3月、忠常は安房国の国衙を襲撃して、安房守藤原光業を放逐した。
- In March 1030, Tadatsune attacked the kokuga and ejected FUJIWARA no Mitsunari, Awa no kami (Governor of Awa Province).
- ただし、重ねと襲には同じ名称のものもあるため、古典研究の際の混乱の元にもなっている。
- Both Kasane sometimes share the same name and this leads to confusions in the research of Japanese classics.
- 2010年以降は桂都丸の4代目桂塩鯛、桂こごろうの2代目桂南天等の襲名が控えている。
- In 2010 onwards Tomaru KATSURA will succeed to Shiodai KATSURA IV and Kogoro KATSURA to Nanten KATSURA II.
- 同月末、織田方の岡田重孝らが学文路口の西尾山の砦を襲ったが部将二名を失って撃退される。
- At the end of March, Shigetaka OKADA and others of the Oda side attacked the fort of Mt. Nishio at Kamuro guchi, but they were defeated, losing two warriors.
- 家職(かしょく)とは、家によって世襲された職務や職能、官職(及びその昇進次第)を指す。
- Kashoku was a hereditary job or position or official post (and progression pass).
- 午前2時に、清国兵の襲撃により松崎直臣陸軍歩兵大尉ほかが戦死する(日本側初の戦死者)。
- At 2 AM, a sudden attack of Qing soldiers killed Japanese soldiers including Naomi MATSUZAKI, Infantry Captain (the first war deaths on the Japanese side).
- また、鎌倉時代には、時代の転換期であり、また蒙古の襲来など、社会情勢が不安定であった。
- Moreover, in the Kamakura period, Japan was at a turning point, and the attacks of Mongolia, for example, made the society unstable.
- また、多くの人から恨みを買いやすい土倉・酒屋はたびたび、徳政一揆で襲撃の対象にされた。
- Doso-sakaya were likely to incur people's hatred and were often the target of attack during the Tokusei Ikki (uprising demanding debt cancellation).
- 11世紀前期には、女真族が北部九州に来襲する事変が発生した(1019年、刀伊の入寇)。
- In the first stage of the 11th century, the Joshin (a people lived in eastern China and northern Korea) attacked Northern Kyushu (Toi invasion in 1019).
- (熊襲討伐後は吉備や難波の邪神を退治して、水陸の道を開き、天皇の賞賛と寵愛を受ける)。
- (After he subdued the Kumaso, he destroyed evil deities in Kibi and Naniwa and opened the routes on land and water, and the emperor praised him and bestowed favor upon him.)
- 六朝時代になると九品官人法の導入などにより士人層が貴族 (中国)化・世襲化しはじめた。
- In the Six Dynasties Period, the Shijin class began to become nobility and became hereditary, partly because of the introduction of Nine rank system.
- 2月4日、搦手義経軍は、播州・三草山の平資盛、平有盛らの陣に夜襲を仕掛けて敗走させた。
- On March 24, 1184, the Karamete troops of Yoshitsune's army started a night attack upon the military camps of TAIRA no Sukemori and TAIRA no Arimori on Mikusa-yama Mountain in Banshu (Harima Province) and forced the Taira clan to retreat.
- 密勅の返納に反対する藩士は城下を離れて街道を封鎖し脱藩、後に井伊直弼の襲撃を計画する。
- Feudal retainers of the domain left the castle town and blocked roads and left the domain, and later organized an attack against Naosuke II.
- 他の現業官司とちがい、工事の主任である伴部の工部は世襲ではなく能力に応じて登用された。
- Unlike other government officials in charge of work site operations, an appointment of Takumibe, the chief of construction work from tomo no miyatsuko (Servant of the Court administering a group), was made according to their respective abilities, not by heredity.
- 事件の後の文久3年(1863年)10月に平野国臣が但馬国生野町で代官所を襲撃して挙兵。
- After the incident, Kuniomi HIRANO attacked the magistrate's office in Ikuno-cho in Tajima Province in November 1863 and raised an army.
- しかし、戦争末期には日本各地で連合国軍の空襲や艦砲射撃が苛烈を極め多くの弓道場が焼失。
- However, toward the end of the war, air raids and naval gunfire by the Allied Forces became fierce in various parts of Japan, and many Kyudo dojo burned down.
- また、日本の多くの寺院が、事実上世襲となっていることも葬式仏教化へと拍車をかけている。
- The hereditary system which has been adopted in most temples of Japan is the major factor in causing the generalization of Soshiki-Bukkyo.
- この年11月、父の意向により歌舞伎座『絵本太功記・十段目』の初菊で六代目中村福助襲名。
- In November of that year, he succeeded to Fukusuke NAKAMURA VI by acting Hatsugiku of 'Judanme (Act X) of Ehon Taikoki' (The Picture Book of the Meritorious Prince) at Kabuki-za Theater on his father's wishes.
- ある女房は襲に凝り、通常よりも多くの衣を重ねたが衣の重さのために歩けなくなったとある。
- One nyobo was so absorbed in Kasane (adding colors) that she layered more garments than usual, but she became unable to walk for the heavy weight of the garments.
- 1941年10月 道頓堀・角座にて『八重桐廓話』の金時で二代目中村扇雀を襲名し初舞台。
- In October 1941, he acted for the first time in his life as Kintoki in 'Yaegiri-Kuruwa-Banashi,' a story of Yaegiri working in a licensed quarters, at the Kado-za theater in Dotonbori when he succeeded to the stage name Senjaku NAKAMUA and became the second thereof.
- 例えば、太政官の弁官局は小槻氏、同じく外記局は中原氏が請負、世襲的に継承するようになる。
- For example, Benkankyoku of the Daijokan (Grand Council of State) was held by Ozuki clan and the Gekikyoku (Secretaries' Office of the Council of State) was held by the Nakahara clan.
- 8月12日、氏忠・氏勝勢10,000が家康の背後を襲うべく甲斐東部の郡内地方へ進撃した。
- On September 8, 10,000 soldiers led by Ujitada and Ujikatsu advanced to the Gunnai district in eastern Kai, in order to attack Ieyasu from behind.
- 武田軍は、荒砥城に夜襲をしかけ、長尾軍の退路を断とうとしたため、景虎は八幡まで兵を退く。
- Takeda's forces attempted a night attack to Arato-jo Castle to cut off the retreat path of Nagao's forces, and therefore, Kagetora made his forces retreat to Hachiman.
- なお、熊本藩(細川氏)においては、世襲家老家の松井氏・米田氏・有吉氏を上卿三家と呼んだ。
- In Kumamoto Domain (the Hosokawa clan), three hereditary Karo family, including the Matsui clan, the Yoneda clan and the Ariyoshi clan, were called 'Jokei Sanke' (three noble families).
- 平安時代後期以降、和気氏と丹波氏による世襲となり、典薬頭は専ら丹波氏の小森家が独占した。
- Starting in the late Heian period, appointment to the bureau became a hereditary privilege of the Wake and Tanba clans, and the Komori family of the Tanba clan achieved a complete monopoly over the position of Tenyaku no kami.
- 実際の運営は諸官庁の長官を世襲していた公家に任され、更に代官を任じてこれを請け負わせた。
- The actual operation was entrusted to nobles that worked as administrators of inherited government offices, and further undertaken by locally assigned magistrates.
- 北京市や天津市などは発生地とされる砂漠に近く、近年はたびたび大規模な黄砂に襲われている。
- Located near deserts where kosa is produced, Beijing and Tianjin have been attacked frequently by large-scale kosa recently.
- 江田由紀浩、小山めぐみ 『桜襲さくらがさね』(2007年、劇団SKグループ第24回公演)
- Acted by Yukihiro EDA and Megumi KOYAMA 'Sakura Gasane' (Year 2007, 24th performance of Theater SK Group).
- 「花宴」で帥宮として登場、「少女」で藤壺の兄宮が式部卿宮となった後を襲い兵部卿宮となる。
- He appeared as Sochi no Miya in the chapter 'Hana no En' (The Festival of the Cherry Blossoms) and then was appointed to Hyobukyo no Miya after Fujitsubo's brother was appointed to Shikibukyo no Miya in the chapter 'Otome' (The Maidens).
- 25日に赤松教康は幕府軍に夜襲をしかけるが、同士討ちが起きて退却している(庫御所合戦)。
- On 20th, Noriyasu AKAMATSU started a night attack against the army of bakufu but a doshi-uchi (internecine strife) took place and retreated (Kuragosho war).
- したがって、選挙による選出である衆議院とは対照的に、貴族院は世襲貴族をその中心に据えた。
- So, in contrast to the House of Representatives, Kizokuin placed the hereditary peers in the center of the House.
- 茶道頭を世襲して道閑・道漢と名乗ったあと、仙台藩4代藩主伊達綱村より動閑と名付けられた。
- After inheriting the position of master of the tea ceremony and taking the name Dokan (written as 道閑, 道漢), the fourth Lord of Sendai Domain, Tsunamura DATE, named him Dokan (written as 動閑).
- 飛来 一閑(ひき いっかん)は千家十職の一つ、一閑張細工師の当主が代々襲名している名称。
- Ikkan HIKI is one of the Senke jusshoku (Senke's ten designated craftsmen families) and the name is succeeded by the head of Ikkanbari saikushi (artisan of lacquered papier-mache) from generation to generation.
- この釧路の「炉ばた」のメニューを踏襲した形で、日本各地に炉端焼きの店が広がったとされる。
- It is said that robatayaki restaurants expanded to various places across the country by following the menus of 'Robata' in Kushiro City.
- その間は比較的空襲の少なかった神戸や京都などで富裕層や芸者などの客相手に落語会を開いた。
- In the war-time period they held rakugo storytelling sessions in Kobe and Kyoto, where air raids were relatively few, for the clientele consisting of the rich and wealthy as well as the geisha.
- その後坂本城を目指している途中、山城国の小栗栖周辺で百姓らに襲われ死去したと言われている。
- Then it is said that while returning to Sakamoto-jo Castle, he was attacked by peasants and killed around Ogurisu in Yamashiro Province.
- 平安時代中期に賀茂保憲が安倍晴明に天文道を伝えて以後、天文博士の職も阿倍氏の世襲になった。
- In the middle of the Heian period, since KAMO no Yasunori taught tenmondo to ABE no Seimei, tenmon hakase also became a hereditary post of the Abe clan.
- 6月30日 舞鶴軍港・宮津湾・河辺飛行場に敵機動部隊艦載機襲来、銃爆撃で機体・施設に被害。
- June 30: An enemy task force of carrier-based planes attacked Maizuru Military Port, Miyazu Port and Kawabe Air Base, and planes and facilities suffered damages from the combat.
- 元慶年間の初頭、干ばつにより全国的に飢饉に襲われ、各地で不動倉が開かれ、賑給が実施された。
- Early in the first year of the Gangyo era, drought caused famine nationwide, and consequently the fudoso (emergency grain storage) in many parts of the country was opened in order for the Imperial Court to provide food to the poor.
- 明治時代には陸軍を中心に迂回奇襲説が、近年では信長公記に基づいて正面攻撃説が主流であった。
- In the Meiji period, it was particularly believed by the army that the Oda army attacked by way of a detour, but in recent years, the belief that they attacked head-on has been favored, based on Shincho Koki (Biography of Nobunaga ODA).
- 後期倭寇は主に明国沿岸部で活動したが、朝鮮半島沿岸部も活発に襲撃し朝鮮王朝を苦しめている。
- The koki wako pirates were active mainly in the coastal areas of Ming, but they also frequently attacked the coastal areas of the Korean Peninsula and brought many troubles to the Korean Dynasty.
- 豊臣方では、4月9日 (旧暦)に交渉にあたっていた大野治長が城内で襲撃される事件が起こる。
- On the other hand, the Toyotomi side had an incident that Harunaga ONO, the negotiator was attacked in the castle on April 9 (the old calendar).
- 小松原法難(こまつばらほうなん)とは、小松原(現千葉県鴨川市)日蓮が襲撃され負傷した事件。
- Komatsubara Honan is an incident that Nichiren was assaulted and injured in Komatsubara (present-day Kamogawa City, Chiba Prefecture).
- 大坂に四国討伐軍が集結する直前を見計らって光秀(正確には利三)が本能寺を襲撃したとする説。
- Another theory says Mitsuhide (actually Toshimitsu) attacked Honno-ji Temple right before troops gathered in Osaka to attack Shikoku.
- その直後、龍馬が京都の寺田屋で幕吏に襲撃されると、西郷の指示で、薩摩藩邸が龍馬を保護した。
- Immediately thereafter, Ryoma was attacked by a man of the shogunate at Teradaya, Satsuma-Hantei (the Satsuma Domain's residence maintained by a daimyo in Edo) and at Saigo's indication Ryoma was protected.
- さらに一向一揆と結んだ国人領主も次々と一揆の襲撃にあい越前は一向一揆のもちたる国となった。
- Moreover, local lords who had cooperated with the Ikko Ikki were attacked one after another by the Ikki itself and Echizen became a country owned by the Ikko Ikki.
- これを知った仲麻呂は子の藤原訓儒麻呂に山村王の帰路を襲撃させて、玉璽と駅鈴の奪回を図った。
- Upon learning the plan, Nakamaro let his son FUJIWARA no Kusumaro to raid Yamamura-O on his way back, and tried to recapture Imperial Seal and ekirei (a bell).
- 昭和期になるが八代目市川雷蔵の雷蔵を襲名するまでに至る経緯などはよく知られるところである。
- As an example in the Showa period, the circumstances surrounding succession to the professional name Raizo by Raizo ICHIKAWA VIII are well known.
- 襲は袖口・裾などに衣がすこしずつ覗き、十二単の着こなしの工夫が多くなされたところでもある。
- Each layer of Kasane (adding colors) showed a little at the wrist openings and the hem, so women elaborated their styles in dressing with Kasane.
- 一方、侵襲隊は薩軍の混乱に乗じて九品寺にある米720俵・小銃100挺などを奪って引き揚げた。
- On the other hand, the Shinshu-tai troop looted 720 bales of rice and 100 rifles by taking advantage of confusion in the Satsuma army.
- なお大軍であるため信忠襲撃には別隊が京へ続くもうひとつの山道・明智越を使ったと言う説もある。
- There is a view that as the troops numbers were very large, a detached force took another mountain path to Kyoto, Akechigoe, to attack Nobutada.
- だが、平安時代後期以後、紀伝道博士(文章博士)を世襲した大江氏・菅原氏が侍読の役を独占した。
- After the late Heian period, the Oe clan and the Sugawara clan monopolized the position of Jidoku with the hereditary title of Kidendo hakase (chief experts on the history of Japan and China) (Monjo hakase (professor of literature)).
- 火薬入りの火器が日本で使用されたのは、13世紀の元寇襲来の際に登場したてつはうが最初である。
- Tetsuhau (gun), which appeared at the time of Mongol invasion attempts against Japan in the 13th century, was the first firearm with gunpowder that was used in Japan.
- しかし、事態はおさまらず、翌2月6日は朝から鉱山事務所が襲撃され、所長の南廷三は暴行された。
- But the situation didn't settle, and the next day, on February 6, the mine office was attacked in the morning and the director, Teizo MINAMI was assaulted.
- 通常3日かかる距離を数時間で到着し、四国讃岐国の瀬戸内海沿いにある平氏の拠点屋島を奇襲する。
- He arrived at the destination in a few hours, traveling the distance which normally required three days, and made a surprise attack on Yashima, the Taira clan's base located along the coast of the Inland Sea in Sanuki Province, Shikoku.
- 元禄期には因襲性の批判から伝統への反省が生まれ、日本の古代精神を明らかにする国学が発生した。
- During the Genroku era, criticisms of conventions and traditions led to the appearance of kokugaku (the study of Japanese literature and culture) in order to interpret the essence of ancient literature.
- ここでは義経が一ノ谷を攻め落としたことは記しているが、逆落しの奇襲をかけたとは書いていない。
- The fact that Yoshitsune attacked and took Ichinotani, but it is not described that Yoshitsune executed a surprise attack of 'sakaotoshi'.
- 橋姫は夫婦に襲い掛かるが、晴明と三十番神に撃退され、「時期を待つ」と言い残して消えていった。
- Hashihime attacks the couple, but is beaten back by Seimei and Sanju-banshin (30 guardian deities), so she disappears, saying 'I will bide my time.'
- そのため、本来なら一代限りの契約であった主従関係が、次第に世襲・固定化されていくようになった。
- Consequently, the master-and-servant relationship, which is originally an agreement for just one generation, gradually became hereditary and fixed.
- 隊を奥保鞏少佐率いる突囲隊、小川大尉率いる侵襲隊、及び予備隊の3つに分け、4月8日に出撃した。
- On April 8, the garrison was divided into three groups of the Totsui-tai troop led by Major Yasukata OKU, the Shinshu-tai troop led by Captain OGAWA, and Reserve, and sortied.
- 新選組とは佐幕と勤王倒幕で袂をわかっただけに、新選組の襲来を恐れていつも刀を抱いて寝たという。
- Goryo-eji broke ranks with Shinsengumi because they were Kinno-Tobaku, people loyal to the emperor with an aim to overthrow the shogunate government, and Sabaku, the Bakufu supporters; which allegedly caused Goryo-eji to always carry swords with him while he slept in case he was ever raided by the Shinsengumi.
- そこで、義経軍は播磨国・三草山の平資盛、平有盛らの陣に夜襲を仕掛けて撃破する(三草山の戦い)。
- Once there, Yoshitsune's army executed a night attack, destroying the military camps of TAIRA no Sukemori and TAIRA no Arimori, who were on Mikusa-yama Mountain in Harima Province (Battle of Mikusayama).
- 南宋との経済交流は蒙古襲来(元寇)へも影響し、南宋の滅亡後も延長として日元貿易が行われている。
- Japan's economic exchange with Southern Sung affected the Mongolian invasion attempts against Japan, and the trade between Japan and Yuan Dynasty was done even after the fall of Southern Dynasty as the extension of the trade.
- たとえば春の柳襲は表が白、裏が萌黄であるが、表が萌黄、裏が白のものは木賊襲といい、通年用いる。
- For example, the outer material was white and the lining was moegiiro (light green color) for yanagigasane (the willow color combination) for the springtime, whereas, if the outer material was light green and the lining was white, it was called tokusagasane (the scouring rush color combination) which was used year round.
- その一方で、代々坊官を務めた事によって実務に精通した世襲坊官(坊官家)も出現するようになった。
- On the other hand, hereditary bokan families appeared who were familiar with the works conducted by bokan since the family successively served as bokan.
- 1922年(大正11年)、10月東京新富座で『真田三代記』で三代目中村児太郎を襲名して初舞台。
- He succeeded to Kotaro NAKAMURA III in 'Sanada Sandaiki' (three generations of the Sanada family) as his debut at the Shintomiza Tokyo in October, 1922.
- また、守護は世襲ではなく交替制であったため、守護の交代とともに守護所も替わるのが一般的であった。
- Shugo was not hereditary but a shift system, so Shogosho was generally moved according to the change of Shugo.
- 2月21日の夜半から22日の早暁にかけて薩軍の大隊は順次熊本に向けて発し、熊本城を包囲強襲した。
- From midnight of February 21 to dawn of 22, the battalions of the Satsuma army successively started toward Kumamoto, and pressed a siege vigorously against Kumamoto Castle.
- 1945年(昭和20年)7月29日、突如としてアメリカ軍が来襲、海軍工廠を中心に舞鶴を空襲した。
- On July 29, 1945, US planes suddenly appeared over Maizuru City, and commenced an air raid which focused on the Navy Arsenal.
- 時行勢の保科氏や四ノ宮氏らは青沼合戦において信濃国守護小笠原貞宗を襲撃し、千曲川沿いを転戦した。
- The Hoshina clan and the Shinomiya clan who sided with Tokiyuki attacked the forces of Sadamune OGASAWARA, military governor of Shinano Province, in the battle of Aonuma and moved from place to place along the Shinano-gawa River to fight.
- 地方官の裁定に不満な民衆は、教会や神父たち、信者を襲い、暴力的に解決しようとすることが多かった。
- Commoners who were unsatisfied with the judgments of the local officials attacked the church, its priest, and believers, and often tried to resolve the situation with violence.
- また、戸次庄左衛門による老中襲撃計画もあり、幕閣は武断政治からの方針転換を迫られることとなった。
- In addition, Shozaemon HETSUGI attempted to attack Roju (senior councilors of the Tokugawa shogunate), and owing to such restlessness the cabinet officials of the shogunate were obliged to change their policy from the budan seiji.
- 午前8時30分頃、東京の紀尾井町清水坂(紀尾井坂)において、暗殺犯6名が大久保の乗る馬車を襲撃。
- Around 8:30 a.m., six assassins attacked the carriage that Okubo was riding in; this took place at the Kyomizu-zaka Slope of Kioi-cho in Tokyo.
- この擬古楽府を能くし、山陽も『日本楽府』をものするにあたってこれを襲ったと、同書の後叙に見える。
- In the latter part of 'Nihon Gafu', it is written that Li Tung-yang was good at giko gafu and Sanyo followed him in producing 'Nihon Gafu.'
- 彼らは世襲によってまかなわれる御庭番の家筋としての団結を保ち、御庭番の職務を協同して行っていた。
- They kept the unity as the oniwaban family for generations and fulfilled their duties cooperatively.
- 九州王朝説九州年号表(鶴峰戊申が、熊襲の年号として考証した年号)を私年号の一種とする解釈もある。
- There is an interpretation that the Kyushu nengo table of Kyushu dynasty theory (which was nengo historically investigated by Shigenobu TSURUMINE as the nengo of Kumaso [a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district]) is a kind of Shinengo.
- 明治になって宮内省雅楽部が組織された後も、その試験法は基本的には三方及第を踏襲したものであった。
- After the Gagaku Department of the Ministry of the Imperial Household was organized during the early Meiji period, the examining method of the department basically was based on sapokyudai.
- しかし寿永2年(1183年)11月に義仲が後白河法皇のいる法住寺殿を襲撃し、クーデタをおこした。
- However in December 1183, Yoshinaka staged a coup, attacking Hoju-ji Temple while Emperor Goshirakawa was present.
- しかし、版籍奉還後の藩知事にも藩主同様の世襲が認めれていたことから、事実上の改易であったと言える。
- This was generally considered to be kaieki because the governor position could be hereditary like the lord position even after lands and people were returned to the Emperor.
- 一方、尾八重を守っていた干城隊二番中隊は岩野村を守備し、5月22日、前面の官軍を襲撃し敗走させた。
- On the other hand, the 2nd company of the Kanjo-tai troop, which had guarded Ohae, guarded Iwano Village, and on May 22, the company raided and defeated the government army in front of it.
- 翌2日未明、桂川 (淀川水系)を渡ったところで「敵は本能寺にあり」と宣言して、襲撃を明らかにした。
- The next day, on June 2 before dawn, when they crossed the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo river system), Mitsuhide declared, 'Our enemy is in the Honno-ji Temple,' making it clear that they would attack Nobunaga.
- 今井児童公園-織田信長公本陣跡があったが第二次大戦の空襲による火事を回避するため取り壊したとの事。
- town=>Town
- また、中世は身分の流動性が非常に高く、五色の賤や近世部落のような固定化された世襲階級ではなかった。
- Furthermore, during the medieval period, social status was highly mobile, and these people were not confined within fixed hereditary classes, such as the five lowly castes of the ritsuryo system and buraku (communities of discriminated people) in the early-modern times.
- そして閏月4月30日_(旧暦)、500騎の兵をもって10数騎の義経主従を藤原基成の衣川館に襲った。
- On April 30 of the intercalary year (old lunar calendar), he attacked Yoshitsune and his less than 20 subordinate warriors at the Koromogawa no Tachi residence of FUJIWARA no Motonari, leading 500 warriors on horseback.
- 鶴屋南北を襲名した者は5名を数えるが、単に鶴屋南北または南北というと、通常はこの四代目ことをさす。
- There were five persons succeeded to the professional name Nanboku TSURUYA, but when it is simply referred to as Nanboku TSURUYA or Nanboku, it usually indicates Nanboku TSURUYA IV.
- しかし、酒井奇襲隊の猛追を受けたために、長篠城の西岸・有海村においても高坂昌澄が討ち取られている。
- However, fiercely pursued by the Sakai commando, Masazumi KOSAKA and others were killed in Ariake-mura Village west of Nagashino-jo Castle.
- 室町時代には、三管領のひとつ細川氏宗家が右京大夫の職を世襲したため、細川氏宗家は京兆家とよばれた。
- In the Muromachi period, Soke (the head family or house) of the Hosokawa clan, one of three kanrei (shogunal deputy), which inherited the post of Ukyo no daibu (Master of the Western Capital Offices), was called the Keicho family.
- 後に清水寺別当、鎮守府将軍、右兵衛府、大和国守、明法博士、左衛門府大尉、検非違使大尉等を世襲した。
- Later, the Sakanoe clan gained the following hereditary titles: Kiyomizu-dera betto (Chief Priest at Kiyomizu-dera Temple), Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North), Uhyoefu (Right Division of Middle Palace Guards), Yamato no kuni no kami (governor of Yamato Province), Myobo hakase (Professor of law), Saemon-fu taijo (Senior Lieutenant at the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards), Kebiishi taijo (chief official with judicial and police powers) and so on.
- 黒田 正玄(くろだ せいげん)は千家十職の一つで、竹細工・柄杓師を務める家が代々襲名している名称。
- Seigen KURODA was one of the Senke Jisshoku (The Ten Craftsmen of the House of Sen), and for generations the name has been passed down through this family of craftsman in bamboo-ware and ladles.
- 人に化けて、人を襲う鬼の話が伝わる一方で、憎しみや嫉妬の念が満ちて人が鬼に変化したとする話もある。
- While stories that Oni takes the form of a human and attacks people go around, there are also stories that being full of hatred and jealousy will make a human change into Oni.
- なお、日本兵でも殉職や事故・病死、空襲等による戦災死、他国兵士が戦死した時は散華とは通常言わない。
- When a Japanese soldier was killed in duty, by accident, by war damage such as an air raid, died of illness, or when a soldier other than Japanese was killed in action, the term sange is not usually used.
- 少なくとも明治時代以降の謡曲本では「へ」の字型のものが使われ、2008年現在もそれを踏襲している。
- 'へ'-shaped marks were used at least in sheet music made after the Meiji period, and they are still being used as of 2008.
- その大内軍を含んだ高国方が夜襲をしかけると、細川政賢は戦死するなど細川澄元方は総崩れとなった。
- When Takakuni's side, including the Ouchi's forces, attacked at night, Masataka HOSOKAWA was killed in the battle, and Sumimoto HOSOKAWA's force completely collapsed.
- 士分は明治維新後、士族に、卒は卒族に編入されたが、のち世襲の卒は士族に、一代抱えの卒は平民とされた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Shibun became Shizoku and Sotsu were taken into Sotsuzoku, but later hereditary Sotsu became Shizoku and one generation only Sotsu were considered commoners.
- 上記災害や疫病、皇后や皇太子の発病など、早良親王の怨霊を原因とすると占われた数々の不幸が襲ったため。
- Misfortunes, such as the natural disaster mentioned above, an epidemic, and the empress's and imperial prince's illness, were said to be caused by Imperial Prince Sawara's ghost.
- 6月、夷俘の軍勢が大挙して再度秋田城を襲い、官軍は大敗を喫して、藤原梶長も陸奥国へ逃げ帰ってしまう。
- In June the Ifu's forces attacked Akita-jo Castle again in droves and completely defeated the imperial forces, causing FUJIWARA no Kajinaga to flee to Mutsu Province.
- さらに籠城していた奥平軍を加えた酒井奇襲隊は追撃の手を緩めず、有海村駐留中の武田支軍までも掃討した。
- Reinforced by Okudaira's army that had taken refuge in the castle, Sakai's commando continued to assail the enemy and defeated Takeda's troops stationed in Ariake-mura Village.
- 一説に、暮色四辺にたちこめ、ついに日暮れるに至り、軍艦長は帰途における襲撃を恐れたからであるという。
- According to one theory, as sun was setting in, the chief was afraid of the raid by Japanese people on his way back.
- だが信雄の企みはいち早く伊賀の人々の耳に届き、放たれた忍者達の奇襲によって信雄は大敗を喫してしまう。
- But Nobuo's plot reached Iga people's ears so soon, and Nobuo was driven into a huge defeat by released Ninja's surprise attack.
- 後世鎌倉幕府の執権職を世襲する北条氏であるが、この事件当時それほど大きな力を持っていたわけではない。
- The Hojo clan would inherit the title of shikken (regent) of the Kamakura bakufu at a later time, but at the time of this incident, they did not have that much power.
- 中川浄益(なかがわじょうえき)は千家十職の一つ、金物師(かなものし)の中川家当主が代々襲名する名称。
- Joeki NAKAGAWA is a name that has been succeeded for generations by the head of the Nakagawa family, one of the Senke jissoku (the 10 artisans of the Sen family) specialized in the hardware craftwork.
- 家風(かふう)は、個々の特定の家において世代を越えて踏襲される固有の慣習・流儀などの行動様式である。
- Kafu (family tradition) is a style of behavior, including custom and procedure, which has been specifically inherited down the generations within certain individual families.
- 「島之内寄席」が島之内教会を離れて32年、大阪大空襲から61年を経て落語専門定席は名実共に復活した。
- Thirty-two years after the Shimanouchi Yose Theater left the Shimanouchi Church and sixty-one years after the Osaka Air Raid, the rakugo theater was finally restored both in form and content.
- 筒井・長谷川・堀勢ら一万五千人が進撃すると、城兵五百余が討って出て横合いから弓・鉄砲で奇襲を仕掛けた。
- When 15,000 troops of Tsutsui, Hasegawa and Hori attacked, more than 500 castle soldiers fought against them and took them in a surprise attack with bows and guns.
- 幕府では向井氏、長州藩では能島氏、尾張藩では千賀氏のようにかつての海賊衆の末裔たちが世襲して維持した。
- The suigun navies were succeeded and maintained in the bakufu by Mukai clan, in Choshu domain by the Noshima clan and in Owari domain by the Senga clan, who were all the descendants of kaizoku shu.
- 薩軍は襲山の桂坂・妻屋坂を守備すべく、干城隊七番中隊などを向かわせ、その他の諸隊に築塁の準備をさせた。
- To defend Katsurazaka and Tsumayazaka in Shuzan, the Satsuma army dispatched troops including the 7th company of the Kanjo-tai troop to there and made other troops prepare for building forts.
- 暗殺の場面は史実に近くふんどし一丁で寝ているところを襲われ、ほとんど抵抗できず、めった斬りされている。
- His assassination scene was shown with historically accurate details; he was attacked in his sleep wearing his loincloth only, and he was slashed into pieces almost without being able to fight back.
- 御庭番は吉宗のとき紀州藩から幕府に編入され初代の御庭番に任命された者たちの子孫十数家の世襲からなった。
- The oniwaban was inherited by about a dozen descendent families of the kusurigomeyaku who were nominated as the first oniwanan by Yoshimune when they were transferred from the Kishu domain to the bakufu.
- なお、正安3年11月(1301年)に薩摩国甑島列島の沖に異国船が出現し、うち1隻から襲撃を受けている。
- Meanwhile, in November 1301, foreign ships appeared offshore near the Koshikijima Islands in Satsuma Province, and one of them made an attack.
- 『蒙古襲来絵詞』によると竹崎季長が鳥飼潟から祖原へ追撃、上陸地点より500メートル付近まで押し返した。
- According to 'Moko Shurai Ekotoba' (Picture Scroll of the Mongol Invasion), Suenaga TAKEZAKI chased the enemy from Torikaigata to Sohara, and forced it back to the place about 500 meters from where they had disembarked.
- 5月に将門討伐に向かった東征軍が帰京すると、6月に藤原文元を藤原子高襲撃犯と断定して追討令が出された。
- In May, the expedition to contain Masakado in the east returned to Kyoto, and in June, an order was issued to track down and kill FUJIWARA no Fumimoto, who had been identified as the person who attacked FUJIWARA no Sanetaka.
- 金澤貞顕の居る六波羅探題南方の、いつ襲われるかという戦々恐々からやっと解放された安堵の様子が覗われる。
- Here, having been freed from the terror that Rokuhara Tandai Minamikata, where Sadaaki KANESAWA stayed, might be attacked any time, the state of relief is felt from the description.
- その後、全員で政府軍の熊本鎮台(熊本城内)を襲撃し、城内にいた兵士らを次々と殺害し、砲兵営を制圧した。
- After that, all the members attacked the Kumamoto Chindai Army (in Kumamoto Castle) of the government forces, killed soldiers in the castle one after another, and gained control of the artillery barracks.
- そのような変動の中、昭和38(1963)年の市川團十郎 (11代目)襲名から、歌舞伎は人気を回復する。
- Under such a transformation, Kabuki's popularity took a turn for the better when the heir succeeded to the eleventh 'Danjuro ICHIKAWA' in 1963.
- 1991(平成3)年中村扇雀が三代目中村鴈治郎を襲名するころになると大阪でも若い歌舞伎ファンが増えた。
- In Osaka the number of young fans of Kabuki also increased when Senjaku NAKAMURA succeeded Ganjiro NAKAMURA as sandaime (III) in 1991.
- 観世大夫を襲って後、三世音阿弥元重(1398年〜1467年)は猿楽の第一人者として義教の寵愛を受けた。
- After he had obtained the position of Kanze dayu, the third Otoami Motoshige (1398-1467), as the master of sarugaku had the patronage of Yoshinori.
- 7月7日辰の刻(午後8時頃)に平家継を大将軍とする反乱が勃発し、襲撃を受けた惟義の郎従が多数殺害された。
- When a rebellion headed by TAIRA no Ietsugu broke out around 8:00 PM of August 21, 1184, many of Koreyoshi's retainers were killed in the attack.
- 大野本営にいた淵辺は干城隊番三・四・八番中隊に命令して久木野の官軍を襲撃させ、退却させることに成功した。
- FUCHIBE at the headquarters in Ono commanded the 3rd, 4th, and 8th companies of the Kanjo-tai troop to raid the government army in Kukino and succeeded in driving it away.
- これらの職についた中下流貴族らは自らが得た職の確保をはかり、職を「家業」として世襲することに努めている。
- The middle and lower class nobles who gained such positions strived to secure such positions, attempting to make them hereditary or a 'family business.'
- 作法はすべからく戦場にあるが如く、大将の首級などは敵方から奪還に来襲することも大いにあり得るからである。
- Etiquette was maintained as if on the battlefield; decapitated heads of commanders were highly likely to have been recovered from the enemy side.
- 1893年、第2次伊藤内閣は衆議院解散を行って大日本協会会員が外国人を襲撃したことを理由に解散を命じた。
- The second Ito cabinet dissolved the House of Representatives and ordered the Dai Nihon Kyokai to disband in 1893, citing the fact that some of its members attacked people from other countries.
- 松永久秀らの二条御所襲撃の際も刀を数本畳にさし、刃こぼれしては新しい刀に替えて敵を切り伏せ続けたという。
- It is said that when he was attacked by Hisahide MATSUNAGA at the castle called Nijo Gosho, he thrust several swords into the tatami mat, and every time his sword was broken, he took up a new one and kept killing his enemies.
- 大川親子、岡田親子ともに最初はサラリーマン的立場であった幹部が実質上の世襲オーナー化する例が続いている。
- Toei has continued a style of patrimonial management exemplified by Okawa and his son, followed by Okada and his son taking the helm of the company; they were originally employed as salaried executives but later became actual owners of the company.
- 工藤祐経を討った後で、曽我兄弟は頼朝の宿所を襲おうとして兄が討ち取られ、このことは謎であるとされてきた。
- It has been considered a mystery that the Soga brothers tried to attack Yoritomo's lodge after killing Suketsune KUDO, resulting in the elder brother being killed.
- 実際にこれが「反乱行為」と見なされるのは、天慶2年に将門・純友が相次いで起こした国司襲撃以後の事である。
- It was not until after 939, after Masakado and Sumitomo made a series of attacks against provincial governors, that their actions were recognized as acts of rebellion.
- これは世襲であることを必要としないが、一子相伝の形をとることによって家元の正統性が強調されるようになる。
- Although it is not necessary that secret techniques are succeeded by heredity, the legitimacy of iemoto is emphasized by transmitting them only to a single pupil.
- 民間人が空襲の被害を受けることが多くなるにつれて、多くの女性がもんぺまたはスラックスを履くようになった。
- As more civilians were victimized by air raids, more numbers of women began to wear Monpe or slacks.
- そればかりでなく、小南陵の「四代目旭堂南陵」襲名を、(本人を除く)三代目南陵の弟子たちは承認していない。
- In addition, Konanryo's succession to the name 'Nanryo KYOKUDO the fourth' has not been recognized by those apprenticed to Nanryo the third, except himself.
- 12月22日、完成直前の蔚山倭城(日本式城郭)を明・朝鮮連合軍5万6,900人が襲撃し、攻城戦を開始した。
- On January 29, 1598, allied forces of Ming and Korea consisting of 56,900 soldiers attacked Ulsan Waeseong (Japanese style castle), just before its completion, and began a siege.
- 勢いを増した宮方(南朝方)の軍勢は博多を攻め、少弐氏の本拠大宰府を襲撃して陥落させ、少弐貞経を自害させる。
- Gaining momentum, the Imperial forces (the Southern Court side, or Yoshino Imperial court) advanced to attack Hakata, and captured Dazaifu, the headquarters of the Shoni clan, forcing Sadatsune SHONI to commit suicide.
- 琵琶湖は、若狭湾沿岸からの年貢の輸送路としても利用されており、湖上で賊に襲撃された記録なども残されている。
- The lake was used for the water transport of annual tributes from Wakasa Bay, and records show that ships were attacked by pirates on the lake.
- ただ玉田宿禰については、『日本書紀』允恭紀が襲津彦の孫とする一方、雄略紀では子としていて、互いに矛盾する。
- However, Tamada is recorded as Sotsuhiko's grandson in the Ingyo ki of 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), and in Yuryaku ki, as the son, which shows inconsistency in the relation to Sotsuhiko.
- 1348年(正平3年、北朝の貞和4年)、高師直率いる足利軍が吉野に来襲し、皇居、社寺などを焼き払い帰った。
- In 1348, the Ashikaga army led by KO no Moronao attacked Yoshino and burned down the Imperial Palace and temples and shrines, etc. before leaving.
- また実際に関東大震災や空襲、校舎火災の際に御真影を守ろうとして殉職した校長の美談がいくつか伝えられている。
- Indeed, some heroic tales of principles who died protecting the goshin-ei portrait in the Great Kanto Earthquake, air raids and fires have been passed on.
- 日本が支配領域を北に拡大するにつれて、しばしば防衛のために戦い、反乱を起こし、又国境を越えて襲撃を行った。
- As Japan expanded its territory, the Emishi often fought for self-defense, carried out revolts and performed attacks across borders.
- 明治通宝のデザインを踏襲して後に軍用手票、台湾銀行券、第一銀行券(大韓帝国通用紙幣)の製造にも使用された。
- The design of Meiji Tsuho was later used in manufacturing Japanese military bills, Taiwan Bank bills, and SC First Bank (Standard Chartered First Bank Korea Limited) bills.
- 古事記には、景行天皇の皇子であるヤマトタケルによるクマソタケル(熊襲建、川上梟師)の征伐譚が記されている。
- Kojiki contains a tale in which Yamato Takeru, an Imperial prince of Emperor Keiko, subjugated Kumaso Takeru (Kawakami Takeru).
- 実際には養子によって流内の有力者をその家系に組みこむなど、単純な血縁による世襲とも言いきれない部分がある。
- It cannot be said to be a pure blood lineage because influential members of a school may be incorporated through adoption.
- 伝承では倭迹迹日百襲姫命の墓とされる箸墓古墳があり、これは墳丘長280メートルに及ぶ巨大前方後円墳である。
- There was a Hashihaka Tumulus that is considered to be the tomb of Yamato Totohimomo Sohimenomikoto no Mikoto (Imperial Princess) according to an imperial tradition, and this tomb was an enormous tumulus of a circular shape with a rectangular frontage, with a total length of 280 meters.
- 倭迹迹日百襲姫命はまた、邪馬台国の女王・卑弥呼とする説がある(肥後和男『邪馬台国は大和である』秋田書店)。
- There is a theory that states that Yamato Totohimomo Sohimenomikoto no Mikoto (Imperial Princess) was a queen of Yamataikoku, namely Himiko ('Yamataikoku is Yamato,' Kazuo HIGO, Akita Shoten).
- 当時京都の治安維持を行っていた新選組が、三条大橋西詰の制札を引き抜こうとした土佐藩8名を襲撃、捕縛した事件。
- The incident involved the Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate), that maintained public order in Kyoto, attacking and capturing eight retainers of the Tosa clan who tried to pull out a noticeboard at Sanjo-ohashi Nishizume (the west foot of the Sanjo-ohashi bridge).
- 10世紀から11世紀にかけて、貴族社会において特定の家系が一つの官司を世襲する「官司の家業化」が急速に進展。
- From the 10th to the 11th century 'the hereditary governmental offices' which were transmitted among certain families in the aristocratic society developed rapidly.
- お抱えは、一代限りの雇用の者だが、実際は世襲することも多く、軽輩の者が多いなかで、専門職で侍身分の者もいた。
- Okakae (retainer) was hired only in one generation, but in fact was often inherited, and among many of keihai some of them were professional and in the class of samurai.
- 家禄と同様に無期限に給付され、子孫への世襲が許された(もっとも後述のように、実際には7年間で廃されている)。
- Similar to heredity stipend, the rewards were also passed on to their descendants (as mentioned later, this reward system was in fact abolished after seven years).
- そのような状況下、赤坂 (東京都港区)喰違坂で岩倉が不平士族の武市熊吉らに襲撃される事件(喰違の変)が発生。
- In such a situation Iwakura was attacked by Kumakichi TAKECHI and other discontent warriors from the former regime at Kuichigaizaka, Akasaka (Minato Ward, Tokyo Prefecture) (which is called the Kuichigai Incident).
- 本来綱吉は兄・徳川綱重が先に死去していたため、襲職した経緯もあり、綱重の子・徳川家宣が後継に擬せられていた。
- Since Tsunayoshi succeeded shogunate after the death of his older brother, Tsunashige TOKUGAWA, a son of Tsunashige, Ienobu TOKUGAWA, was set down as a candidate for the successor.
- 11月14日、蔡清琳は群集を煽動して暴動を起こし、北埔地区を襲撃して日本人警察官や市民など57人を殺害した。
- On November 14, Tsai Ching-Lin raised a riot by instigating the assembled crowd and attacked the Beipu district to kill 57 people such as Japanese police officers and citizens.
- 順調に侵攻を進めていくが、金ヶ崎付近を進軍中に突然盟友であった北近江の浅井長政が裏切り織田軍を背後から急襲。
- ODA troops made inroads well, but when they were on the march around Kanegasaki, Nagamasa AZAI of northern Omi, who was on ODA's side, suddenly attacked them from behind.
- それを皮切りに、玉造勢騒動、英国仮公使館襲撃事件、坂下門外の変などを起こし、ここ完全に過激派と化すに至った。
- Following this incident, they brought on Tamatsukuri-sei disturbance, attack on the British provisional legation, and Sakashita mongai Incident
- 1581年(天正9年)3月、聖滅300年、武田勝頼の臣、重須本門寺を襲い二箇相承等を奪う(要9-17・20)
- A vassal of Katsuyori TAKEDA attacked Omosu Honmon-ji Temple and robbed Nika Sojo (documents which were believed to be addressed from Nichiren to his disciple, Nikko, in 1282) in April, 1581 (Seimetsu 300).
- やがて歌右衛門のアメリカ興行、十一代目市川団十郎襲名披露興行などを起爆剤として見事に立ち直っていくのである。
- With performances in America by Utaemon and the performance announcing the succession of Danjuro ICHIKAWA XI serving as triggers, Tokyo recovered smartly.
- 明治期に銕之丞家四世の観世清済の次男源次郎氏演が初世梅若実の婿養子となって五十三世梅若六郎を相続・襲名した。
- In the Meiji period, the second son of Kiyoyuki KANZE (the fourth Tetsunojo KANZE), Genjiro married a daughter of the first Minoru UMEWAKA and succeeded to the name of the 53rd Rokuro UMEWAKA.
- しかしその推奨によってもんぺを着用する女性が増えることはなく、もんぺを着用する女性が増えた原因は空襲だった。
- The encouragement did not work to increase the number of women wearing Monpe, but an increasing number of women began to wear Monpe in preparation for air raids.
- その歴史は古く、日本書紀には、667年(天智6)天智天皇が唐軍の襲来に備え屋島に城を築いた旨が記されている。
- It was built in an ancient time, and it is recorded in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) that Emperor Tenchi built a castle in 667 to prepare an invasion by Tang's forces.
- 侵襲隊が安巳橋を急襲し、戦っている間に突囲隊は前進し、水前寺・中牟田・健軍・隈庄を経て宇土の衝背軍と連絡した。
- While the Shinshu-tai troop was storming the Yasumi-bashi Bridge, the Totsui-tai troop advanced through Suizenji, Nakamuta, Kengun, Kumanosho to Uto where it made contact with Shohaigun.
- 食糧も欠乏しつつあり、士気を高めるため織田信忠隊がいる加茂砦に翌天正7年(1579年)の正月明け夜襲をかけた。
- As they were running out of provisions, in order to boost the morale of soldiers, a night raid was conducted to Fort Kamo which troops of Nobutada ODA defended immediately after New Year's days in 1579.
- その後も踏襲され、『南斉書』も併記を踏襲していることから、倭国が任那、加羅と関係が深いことはほぼ明らかである。
- The same pattern continues in subsequent years and since the two countries are written down together in 'Nanseijo,' (Book of Southern Qi) as well, it is clear that Wakoku maintained close relations with Mimana and Gaya.
- 移動中の中川隊に斎藤利三隊の右側に陣取っていた伊勢貞興隊が襲い掛かり、それに呼応して斎藤隊も高山隊を猛襲した。
- Sadaoki ISE's corps, positioned to the right of Toshimitsu SAITO's, attacked Nakagawa's in transit, and in return Saito's staged a fierce raid on Takayama's.
- 兼通は自身の子弟を公卿に昇進させてその世襲化を図ったが、息子達を公卿に任じ終えた直後に病死したために挫折した。
- Kanemichi promoted his sons to court nobles and attempted to make their positions hereditary, but failed due to his death from an illness soon after appointing them as court nobles.
- そのため、田堵負名の中には受領を襲撃したり太政官へ訴訟する(→国司苛政上訴)といった対抗手段に出る者も現れた。
- Therefore, some Tato fumyo assaulted zuryo or took the measure of lodging a complaint with Daijokan (Grand Council of State) (refer to an article of Kokushi kasei joso [appeals against kokushi's harsh administration]).
- こうした状況に不満を募らせた任用の中には、現地の有力者である富豪層(田堵層)と結んで受領を襲撃する者も現れた。
- Some of the ninyo who had been aggravating a grievance, attacked the zuryo by collaborating with the locally influential wealthy class of tato.
- かくして三貨制度(小判、丁銀、銭貨)が確立することになるが、これは既存の貨幣の流通形態を踏襲するものであった。
- With this the sanka (tri-metallic, i.e., gold, silver and copper) monetary system was built on the existing system of currency distribution.
- 一ノ谷の戦いでは、義経は夜襲により三草山の平家軍を破った後、平家の地盤であった東播磨を制圧しつつ進軍している。
- In the Battle of Ichinotani, Yoshitsune defeated the army of the Taira family at Mt. Mikusa by a surprise night attack first, and after that he proceeded with his army, bringing Higashiharima, the territory of the Taira family, under his control.
- 蓮如は都に帰ってきてから、怨霊となった崇徳が、為義らを率いて後白河上皇の御所法住寺 (京都市)を襲う夢を見る。
- After Rennyo returns to the capital, he has a dream in which Sutoku becomes a vengeful ghost that leads Tameyoshi and others to attack the Hoju-ji Temple (Kyoto City), in which the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa resides.
- 江戸幕府が開かれて以来、幕府には江戸市中で大名駕籠を襲うなどという発想そのものがなく、彦根藩側の油断を誘った。
- Since the start of the Edo Shogunate, the government had not considered it possible that such an attack would occur on the palanquin of a daimyo (a Japanese feudal lord), so the Hikone clan was caught unawares.
- 知藩事は従来の藩主に認められていた世襲がそのまま認められ、独自の軍隊・司法組織などを持つことが認められていた。
- The position of the Chihanji was allowed to be inherited as it was traditionally for the domain lords and they were also allowed to have their own military and judicial systems.
- 母が市村羽左衛門の姉だった縁で市村座の座元(所有権)を継承、のちに役者にも転じて八代目市村宇左衛門を襲名した。
- He inherited the proprietorship of the Ichimura-za theater because his mother was an elder sister of Uzaemon ICHIMURA, and he later became an actor and adopted the name Uzaemon ICHIMURA (VIII).
- 5月14日、高城率いる正義隊など6個中隊は延岡街道鏡山の熊本鎮台警備隊を襲撃し、追撃して馬見原、川口に進出した。
- On May 14, six companies including Seigi-tai led by Takagi and others assailed the guard of Kumamoto Garrison in Mt. Kagami along the Nobeoka-kaido Road, and advanced to Mamihara and Kawaguchi, chasing the guard.
- 大崎に屯集しているとの情報を得た先発の奇兵隊は7月11日、官軍を奇襲したが、二番隊長が戦死するほどの苦戦をした。
- Having received the information that the government army gathered and stationed in Osaki, the earlier dispatched Kihei-tai launched a surprise attack on the government army but fought so tough a fight that the commander of the 2nd company was killed in the fighting.
- 7月11日 (旧暦)未明、天皇方は清盛300余騎、義朝200余騎、義康100余騎の3隊に分かれて白河北殿を奇襲。
- Before dawn on August 5, the Emperor's army made a surprise attack on Shirakawakita-dono Palace in the three separate forces: Kiyomori led approximately 300 cavalry, Yoshitomo 200 cavalry and Yoshiyasu 100 cavalry.
- また家門の結束のために教会や修道院が建立され、世襲的なフォークタイを家門で所有し、これを家門の最年長者に委ねた。
- Churches and monasteries were established as means to unite each family, which would in turn own its patrimonial bailiwick and entrust it to the oldest person in the family.
- 官荘には永小作権を有する漢人世襲の荘頭が置かれ、官荘内より租税を集めて生産物(後世にはその代銀)を宮廷に納めた。
- The head of shoen who was descendant of the Han race and had the right of tenant farming was put in the manors and he collected the tax from the manor and paid products (in later times, money) to the imperial court.
- この間に諏訪氏、滋野氏らは信濃国国衙を襲撃して国司(清原氏真人某)を自害させたあと、武蔵国へ入り鎌倉へ進軍する。
- In the meantime, the Suwa clan and the Shigeno clan attacked the provincial government office of Shinano Province, forced the governor (Kiyohara-shi Mahito Bo) to commit suicide, entered Musashi Province and advanced toward Kamakura.
- そこへ義時率いる大軍が襲いかかり、激戦4時間余りののち、重忠は愛甲季隆の矢に討たれ、首級を取られた(享年42)。
- He was attacked by an army led by Yoshitoki HOJO, and after four hours of battle he was shot by Suetaka AIKO's arrow and beheaded (he was 42 years old).
- たとえば『実録』(王朝の公的記録)や「聖訓」(皇帝勅書)等を収めた皇史宬も襲われたため、多大な被害を出している。
- For example, the Imperial Archives that stored the 'True Record' (the official records of the dynasty) and 'commandment' (imperial orders from the emperor) were attacked as well and these documents suffered severe damage.
- 4月20日早朝、勝家の重臣・佐久間盛政は、秀吉が織田信孝を討伐するために美濃に赴いた隙を突いて、奇襲を実行した。
- On the early morning of April 20, Morimasa SAKUMA, who was an important vassal of Katsuie, made a surprise attack, exploiting a gap that Hideyoshi went to Mino province to attack Nobutaka ODA.
- 義平は義賢の居館武蔵国比企郡の大蔵館(埼玉県比企郡嵐山町)を急襲し、これを討ちとって武名を轟かせた(大蔵合戦)。
- Yoshihira suddenly attacked Yoshikata's Okura-yakata residence in Hiki-gun, Musashi Province (Ranzan-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama Prefecture), and killed him; Yoshihira became widely known as a busho (the battle of Okura).
- 辛うじて陸地にいた元軍兵士も、旧暦7月7日(ユリウス暦7月23日)の竹崎季長らによる鷹島奇襲などでほぼ消滅した。
- Most Yuan soldiers who had managed to disembark also perished by a surprise attack on Taka-shima Island by Suenaga TAKEZAKI and others on July 7 according to old lunar calendar (July 23 according to the Julian calendar).
- 伊藤博文は天皇を中心とした君主制を維持するためにも、天皇を補佐する世襲貴族(華族)の必要性があると認識していた。
- Hirobumi ITO realized that there was a need for heredity of the nobility (peerage) supporting the Emperor to keep the monarchy focused on the Emperor.
- その内容は、橘奈良麻呂、大伴古麻呂、安宿王、黄文王らが一味して兵を発して、仲麻呂の邸を襲って殺し巣ことであった。
- The content of the plot revealed that TACHIBANA no Naramaro, OTOMO no Komaro, Prince Asukabe, Prince Kibumi, and others planned to gather troops and attack Nakamaro's residence and assassinate him.
- また、玉虫色などの昆虫名、氷、初雪などの地象などによる他、白襲、赤色などの色名、枯野など景物にちなむものもある。
- Other seasonal features that irome were named after include insects such as jewel beetle, terrestrial phenomena such as ice and the first snow of the year, in addition to colors such as shiragasane (white layers) and akairo (red color) as well as landscapes such as kareno (withered fields).
- 構成は内側から、小袖(こそで)、単(ひとえ)、指貫(さしぬき)、下襲(したがさね)、縫腋の袍(ほうえきのほう)。
- From inside to outside, it consists of kosode, hitoe, sashinuki (gathered trousers), shitagasane, and hoeki no ho.
- 本画派は、純日本的ないわゆる大和絵の伝法を樹立し、平安時代よりおよそ一千年の長きにわたって朝廷の絵所を世襲した。
- This school of painting formed the transmission of techniques of pure Japanese painting, i.e., so-called Yamato-e painting, and dominated the Edokoro government office by heredity for about one thousand long years from the Heian period.
- 下襲の上に半臂(はんぴ)を着用することになっていたが、冬期は着なくても良い(バレない)こととなり、後に廃された。
- Hanpi (a short-sleeved, thigh-length jacket) was supposed to be worn over the shitagasane, but people were allowed not to wear it in winter (because nobody can see it), and later it was abolished.
- 使い方としては、襲われた時にジーファーを相手に突き刺して、相手がひるんだ隙に逃げ出すというものがほとんどである。
- In many cases, women stabbed a thug with a jifa when they were attacked and she escaped while the thug was wincing.
- 清孝の跡を襲った二十三世清廉には後嗣がなく、京都の片山家から養子に入った左近元滋が相続して二十四世宗家となった。
- Kiyokado, the 23rd who had succeeded the position from Kiyotaka did not have a successor, so Sakon Motoshige adopted from the Katayama family in Kyoto succeeded the position and became the 24th soke (the grand master) of Kanze-ryu.
- 宮内庁によって第7代孝霊天皇の皇女、倭迹迹日百襲姫命(やまとととひももそひめのみこと)の墓として管理されている。
- Hashihaka-kofun Tumulus is administered by the Imperial Household Agency as the tomb of Yamatototohimomosohime no Mikoto, the daughter of the seventh emperor, Korei.
- 日本軍の王宮占領後、朝鮮では軍用電線の切断、兵站部への襲撃と日本兵の捕縛、殺害など民衆の「義兵」反日抵抗が続いた。
- Since the Japanese troops conquered the royal palace, there had been anti-Japanese resistance in Korea -- cuts of electric cables for military use, attack of logistics on bases, and capture and the murder of Japanese solders, and so forth.
- 禁闕の変(きんけつのへん)は、室町時代の1443年(嘉吉3年)9月に京都で起こった後花園天皇内裏の襲撃事件である。
- The Kinketsu Incident was an attack on Emperor Gohanazono's Inner Court in Kyoto that occurred in September 1443 (Muromachi period).
- 名主百姓はさらに小百姓、小作人、間人(もうと)といった領内下層民に対する支配権である名主職を有し、これを世襲した。
- Nanushi hyakusho also had myoshu-shiki, which were the rights to dominate local lower-class people, such as hyakusho who owned little plow land, tenant farmers, and moto (new comers in a community), and the myoshu-shiki was transferred by heredity.
- 国司の代わりに代々国押領使・国追捕使の地位を世襲してきた「一国棟梁」を中心とした軍事力編成がなされるようになった。
- The Ikkoku-toryo' (the provincial leader) who held the offices of provincial Oryoshi and Tsuibushi in place of the provincial officials organized military forces.
- しかし、7世紀後期に形成していった律令制は、官僚制を原則としており、ある氏族が特定の官職を世襲することを否定した。
- The ritsuryo codes formed in the late 7th century, however, were based on the bureaucracy system and were against the idea of certain clans inheriting specific government posts.
- 現在、黄砂の砂塵の大部分は、発生地である乾燥地帯を襲う砂嵐(砂塵嵐)により大気中に巻き上げられると考えられている。
- Today, it is considered that most of kosa dust is flung up into the air by sandstorms (dust storms) striking the dry areas where kosa can originate.
- 韓国併合直前の1909年頃には、通信事業の職員や設備が暴徒に襲撃され死傷者を出す事件が多発したこともあったという。
- Just before the annexation of Korea in 1909, the staffs and facilities of communication services were frequently attacked by insurgents, which caused causalities.
- 仁徳は葛城襲津彦(そつひこ)の娘盤之媛(いわのひめ)を皇后に立て、のちの履中、反正、允恭などの3天皇を産んでいる。
- Emperor Nintoku married Iwa no Hime, the daughter of KATSURAGI no Sotsuhiko, as his wife to have three later emperors such as Richu, Hanzei, and Ingyo.
- 源典侍のもとに泊まった夜、源氏は何者かの襲撃を受け太刀をとって応戦するが、掴み掛かってみると相手は頭中将であった。
- When Genji stayed overnight with Gen no Naishinosuke, he was attacked by somebody and took his sword to respond to the attack, but he made a grab at the man to find that it was Tono Chujo.
- このため、渡良瀬川は足利市付近で天井川となり、足尾の山林の荒廃とともにカスリーン台風襲来時は洪水の主原因となった。
- This has caused Watarase-gawa River to have a raised bed near Ashikaga City and brought devastation to the forests in Ashio, and when hit by Typhoon Kathleen, it became the major cause of the flood.
- 常是役所は京都は湯浅作兵衛の長男である大黒作右衛門、江戸は次男である大黒長左衛門が銀改役となり以後世襲制となった。
- The jouze-yakusho post was hereditary, with Sakuemon DAIKOKU, the eldest son of Sakuemon YUASA, assuming the post in Kyoto and Saemon DAIKOKU, the second son of the same, in charge of silver mint inspection as gin-aratameyaku.
- 襲撃に驚いた駕籠かきは遁走し、数名の供侍たちが駕籠を動かそうと試みたものの斬り付けられ、駕籠は雪の上に放置される。
- Surprised by the attack, the palanquin bearers ran away, and some of the samurai attendants, while trying to move the palanquin, were struck down, leaving the carriage unattended in the snow.
- 官位制は、位階と官職を関連付けて任命することにより、官職の世襲を排して適材適所の人材登用を進めることを目的とした。
- The purpose of the Kani official rank system was to avoid the heredity of government positions and to employ the most suitable person for each position by appointing him a position in connection with his Ikai.
- 1991年11月 歌舞伎座にて『廓文章・吉田屋』の伊左衛門、『心中天網島・河庄』の治兵衛で三代目中村鴈治郎を襲名。
- In November 1991, he succeeded to the stage name Ganjiro NAKAMURA and became the third thereof when he played Izaemon of 'Kuruwa-bunsho, Yoshida-ya (stories in an entertainment house called Yoshida-ya in a licensed quarter), and Jihei in 'Shinju-Ama-no-Tsunashima, Kawasho.'
- - 蒙古塚とは蒙古襲来のときに戦場や戦いにおいて亡くなった蒙古の人々を埋葬し弔いや荒ぶる神にならないよう祀った塚。
- - Mokozuka is a mound at which Mongolians perished in battle fields or killed in action during the Mongolian invasion were buried for the repose of their souls so that they would not become violent gods.
- 現在の上方林家は五代目笑福亭松喬が二代目林家染丸を襲名して再興したため、系譜上は笑福亭(松鶴一門)の傍流とされる。
- Kamigata Hayashiya of today is genealogically regarded as a branch of Shofukutei (Shokaku family), since the five-generation Shokyo SHOFUKUTEI succeeded the professional name of the second-generation Somemaru HAYASHIYA to reestablish the family.
- 信長が明智光秀に本能寺で襲われたのが、それを如実に示しているように、信長は配下の家臣に兵力を与えすぎていたのである。
- As clearly shown by the fact that Nobunaga was raided by Mitsuhide AKECHI at Honno-ji Temple, Nobunaga gave too much military force to his vassals.
- しかしここで警官隊200名余りが警告抜きに学生たちに襲いかかり、学生側は後頭部を割られるなど重軽傷者70名を出した。
- However, more than 200 officers suddenly attacked the students without warning; as a result, seventy students were injured either slightly or seriously including lacerations of the scalp.
- やがて明経道の教官職は中原氏・清原氏による世襲が事実上慣例化し、明経道そのものも専ら訓詁学研究に終始したようである。
- Before long, the position of Myogyodo lecturer became conventionally inherited by the Nakahara and Kiyohara clans and Myogyodo itself became the study of Kunkogaku (annotation and interpretation of classical books) as well.
- 11世紀に入ると、ある家系が特定の官職を世襲する「家業の継承」または官司請負制が貴族社会内で次第に確立されていった。
- In the 11th century, the 'family business takeover' or the hereditary government office system, in which certain families inherited certain government positions, was gradually established in the aristocratic society.
- のちに中央でも有力な一部の家系が上位の内位を独占して蔭位の恩恵を受けることで世襲してその恩恵を維持することとなった。
- Later, some powerful families in the government occupied the higher Naii ranks and retained their privilege by succeeding Oni (the automatic promotion system in which the people at the age of 21 whose parents were from Imperial to the fifth rank or grandparents upper than third rank, were conferred an Imperial title).
- そして関東のほうで戦乱が起きていることを知って、急ぎ故郷に帰る途中、木曽で山賊に襲われて財産を全て奪われてしまった。
- And when he knows the turmoil taking place in the Kanto region, he tries to hurry on his way home, but he is attacked by robbers and loses his entire fortune in Kiso.
- ところが、協会内の一部過激派が外国人襲撃事件を起こしたために、日英通商航海条約締結を目前とした政府の態度は硬化する。
- However, some radical members of the society attacked foreigners in Japan, causing the government to crack down on the society as the signing of the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation drew near.
- そして、警官隊に向かって投石したり、棍棒で襲い掛かったり、拳銃を奪ったりしたので、公務執行妨害罪で20人を検挙した。
- They threw stones at the police squad and attacked the police officers with a club and snatched their pistols, so the police arrested 20 people for obstructing official duties.
- 秀吉は、政策面では織田信長を踏襲し、楽市楽座・朱印船貿易による商業振興と都市の掌握・貨幣鋳造による商業統制を行った。
- Hideyoshi followed Nobunaga ODA's policies; he promoted business by Rakuichi-Rakuza (a policy of free-market economy) and a trade by Red seal ships, controlled cities and regulated business by an issue of coins.
- 昭和11年(1936年)の二・二六事件事件においては、決起将校の一部が西園寺襲撃を計画していたが、実行されなかった。
- In the February 26 Incident of 1936, a contingent of (resolutely) mutinous officers had planned to attack Saionji, but the plan was never put into action.
- 2月7日_(旧暦)、一ノ谷の戦いで義経は精兵70騎を率いて、鵯越の峻険な崖から逆落としをしかけて平家本陣を奇襲する。
- In the Battle of Ichinotani that took place on February 7 (old old lunar calendar), Yoshitsune made a surprise attack on the Taira family's home base, dashing down from the precipitous cliff of Hiyodorigoe with 70 selected horse soldiers
- 作家の勝俵藏が歌舞伎役者の名跡である「鶴屋南北」を襲名したのは、妻・お吉が歌舞伎役者の三代目鶴屋南北の娘だったから。
- Although 'Nanboku TSURUYA' was the professional name of Kabuki actor, a playwright Hyozo KATSU succeeded to the name because he married Okichi, a daughter of Nanboku TSURUYA III.
- 文帝の次の煬帝や隋に代わって中国を統一した唐の皇帝たちも律令を制定・公布したが、これらは開皇律令を概ね踏襲している。
- Yang-di who succeeded Emperor Wen, as well as the emperors of the Tang Dynasty that succeeded the Sui Dynasty proclaimed and enacted Luli, which were based on Kaihuang Luli.
- これだけの人数が一気に討ち死に、自害に追い込まれたのは用意周到な計画の元で時間を定めて一斉に襲撃したためと見られる。
- It is supposed that such a large number of people died in the battle or were forced to commit suicide because this attack was carried out simultaneously based on a well-prepared plan.
- その一方で、将門に襲撃されて国司の印を奪われて逃げ出した上野介藤原尚範は純友の叔父(父親の実弟)にあたる人物である。
- However, FUJIWARA no Hisanori, the Kouzuke no suke (Assistant Governor of Kozuke Province), who fled after Masakado attacked and deprived him of the seal of Kokushi (Provincial Governor), was the uncle of Sumitomo (the younger brother of Sumitomo's father).
- また、裾の長さによって身分が表されるようになると、下襲自体が長大になった為、下襲と裾が分離するようになった(別裾)。
- When the length of kyo started to indicate the rank of persons, shitagasane and kyo were separated from each other because shitagasane itself became so large (bekkyo, separated kyo).
- しかし養父の死後尾上家から離縁されたため、大坂に戻って師匠・額十郎の俳名だった延若を名乗り、初代實川延若を襲名した。
- However, after the death of his adopted father, he was thrust out of the ONOE family and returned to Osaka where he took the name Enjaku which was the pen name of his teacher Gakujuro, and became Enjaku Jitsukawa (I).
- 家に伝わる爵位を継承する場合、襲爵、位階・地位などを世襲することを襲位、先祖伝来の名跡などを世襲することを襲名という。
- When a title, a court rank or position is passed down through a family, this is called Shui; heredity of the family name or the like is known as Shumei.
- 僅かな時間で帰還した秀吉の大軍に驚いた佐久間盛政は同深夜に撤退を開始するものの、翌日の未明に秀吉らの大軍に強襲された。
- Amazed by the return of Hideyoshi's large force in such a short period of time, Morimasa SAKUMA started to retreat that midnight, but came under blistering attack from Hideyoshi's large force before dawn of the next day.
- 翌2月13日、主力への攻撃を予想した細川高国軍に対して、三好軍は裏をかいて桂川を渡河、後詰の武田元光軍に襲い掛かった。
- The following day, March 15, while the army of Takakuni HOSOKAWA anticipated an attack on the main force, the Miyoshi army outmaneuvered them, went across the Katsura-gawa River, and attacked the army of Motomitsu TAKEDA, which was held in reserve in the rear.
- また分銅については、寛文元年(1661年)に世襲的特権を与えられた彫金を本職とする、後藤四郎兵衛家のみ製作が許された。
- The family of Shirobei GOTO whose profession was metal carving and who was granted a hereditary privilege in 1661 was the only authorized maker of the counterbalances.
- その後、1945年5月25日の空襲によって焼失し、翌年12月13日に新しい宮殿が再建されて6日後に貞明皇后が移られた。
- Later, it was burnt down by the air raid on May 25, 1945 and a new residence was rebuilt on December 13 of the following year, where Empress Teimei moved six days later.
- 6月14日から6日間にわたる一揆は村役人の邸宅や桑折陣屋代官所を襲撃し、隣の福島藩の中枢である福島城城下町に突入した。
- During the six days from July 25, the people attacked the houses of village officers, and jinya (regional government office) and daikansho (local governor's office) located in Kori, and in continuation, they rushed into the castle town of Fukushima-jo Castle, which was the center of the neighboring Fukushima Domain.
- 6代将軍となった子である足利義教は義満の政策を踏襲した施政をはじめるが、嘉吉の乱で赤松満祐に暗殺されたことで頓挫する。
- Yoshimitsu's son, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, intended to continue Yoshimitsu's policies when he became the 6th Shogun, but he was assassinated by Mitsusuke AKAMATSU during the Kakitsu War.
- すぐ下の弟の隆麿は住友家の入り婿となり、住友財閥を継いで第15代住友吉左衛門(住友友純)を襲名し、長く財界に君臨した。
- The younger brother of Kinmochi SAIONJI closest in age to him, Takamaro, married into the Sumitomo Family, and he took over Sumitomo Zaibatsu and succeeded Kichizaemon SUMITOMO the fifteenth (Tomoito SUMITOMO), and he reigned the financial world for a long time.
- このため、御金改役を世襲した後藤宗家を小判座(小判師職人)の元締という意味を込めて特に大判座(おおばんざ)とも呼んだ。
- Therefore, the head family of the Goto family who inherited Gokin Aratame-yaku was also especially called Ooban za in the meaning of the manager of koban za (koban-shi workmen).
- これが海舶互市新例(正徳新令、長崎新令とも呼ばれる)で宝永5年(1708年)に施行され、基本政策は幕末まで踏襲される。
- Kaihakugoshi shinrei (also called Shotoku shinrei and Nagasaki shinrei) was implemented in 1708 and its basic policy was observed until the end of the Edo period.
- ただし楽曲形式的にはほとんど地歌の手事物の踏襲であり、またこの時代でも、三味線と箏のための曲も引き続き作られてはいる。
- However, this music largely adhered to the traditions of tegotomono in jiuta, and the music for shamisen and koto continued to be composed in this period.
- 都をどりは原則として、総踊形式で一貫し、京都の名所などを長唄などで紹介しながら踊り、明治以来その形式で踏襲されている。
- Miyako Odori basically has adopted the style where all performers dance together while introducing famous spots in Kyoto with a long epic song to the accompaniment of a shamisen, following the same style since the Meiji Period.
- 維新後、姓を「宮増」に改めた家元家に石浦通宏(十六世)が養子入りして再興し、子の宮増純三(十七世・当代)が後を襲った。
- After Meiji Restoration, Michihiro ISHIURA (the 16th) was adopted by the head family that had changed its family name into 'MIYAMASU' to resuscitate the family of Miyamasu, and his son Junzo MIYAMASU (the 17th, the current family head) succeeded the position.
- 古くは暦道・算道に通じた渡来人系の人物が任じられる事が多かったが、後に大春日氏・家原氏・大中臣氏・賀茂氏などが世襲した。
- In ancient times, toraijin (foreigners, particularly from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced the culture of the Asian continent to the Japanese) who were well versed in Rekido (study of the calendar) or Sando (study of mathematics) were often appointed, but later only members of the Okasuga clan, Iehara clan, Onakatomi clan or Kamo clan were appointed to the post.
- また、5月9日、一ノ瀬の鵬翼隊三番中隊は官軍の襲来に苦戦しつつも材木村まで到達し、材木村の薩軍と共に塁の奪還に成功した。
- On May 9, the 3rd company of the Hoyoku-tai troop at Ichinose reached Zaimoku Village through a bitter fight against a raid by the government army, and succeeded in regaining the fort in cooperation with the Satsuma army in Zaimoku Village.
- 午後3時には猛烈な火力を集中して薩軍の先陣を突破して後陣に迫ったが、中島が指揮する薩軍の逆襲で左翼部隊が総崩れとなった。
- At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, the government army concentrated their firepower to break through the vanguard of the Satsuma army, closing in on the rear guard, but had its left flank fought back and routed by the Satsuma army led by Nakajima.
- また、典薬権助の地位は賀茂別雷神社の社家である藤木家が世襲したが、こちらは実際に鍼を行い、天皇の診察もする家系であった。
- The position of Tenyaku gon no suke (assistant chief of Tenyakuryo) was also hereditary, resting with the Fujiki family, a family of Shinto priests who oversaw Kamo Wakeikazuchi Jinja Shrine, but those holding this position actually performed acupuncture, and were one of the family lineages permitted to perform medical examinations of the Emperor.
- 織田信長の勝因を、「民家への略奪行為で油断する今川方を急襲したから」とする説を、黒田日出男東京大学名誉教授が唱えている。
- According to a theory put forward by Hideo KURODA, professor emeritus at the University of Tokyo, Nobunaga ODA beat IMAGAWA 'because Oda conducted a surprise attack on the Imagawa army, who were caught off guard while in the act of looting private homes.'
- 特に江戸は政治の中心地、大坂は経済の中心地であるから、江戸、大坂近海に外国船が来襲した際の危機管理の重要性が課題となる。
- As Tokyo was the center of politics and Osaka was the center of economy, it was especially important to consider risk management in case foreign ships appeared in the sea near Edo and Osaka.
- ・註5:「慶長六年伊達政宗出軍於奥州福島表時、長義出兵、襲政宗後陣、遂奪小荷駄陣具竹雀紋幕及看経幕以黄糸縫法華経廿八品。
- Note 5: 'In 1600, when the Masamune forces went to Fukushima Omote, Nagayoshi attacked the Masamune's rear guard and robbed provisions, weapons and horse riding gears in addition to the enclosure with a sutra, the enclosure with the crest of bamboo and sparrow and the enclosure with Chapter 28 of the Lotus Sutra.
- 仲哀天皇の熊襲征伐の途次、岡県主の熊鰐、伊都県主の五十迹手がそれぞれ白銅鏡、八尺瓊と共に十握剣を差し出して降伏している。
- When Emperor Chuai was on his way to subjugating Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu region), Wani of Oka no Agatanushi (the ruler of Tsukushi region) and Itote of Ito no Agatanushi (the ruler of Ito region) surrendered offering Totsuka no Tsurugi swords to him together with Maso kagami (a bronze mirror) and Yasakani (a big jewel) respectively.
- 数に劣る浅井・朝倉軍が織田軍に対して夜襲を仕掛け浮き足立っていたが徳川や横山城からの救援により敵軍を撤退させたという説。
- A theory suggests that Asai and Asakura troops, which were outnumbered by Oda's, provoked a night attack against Oda troops and were backing away from them, but they made the enemy retreat with the back-up troops from Tokugawa and Yokoyama-jo Castle.
- 当日は季節外れの雪で視界は悪く、護衛の供侍たちは雨合羽を羽織り、刀の柄に袋をかけていたので、襲撃側には有利な状況だった。
- It was a day of unseasonable snow and poor visibility, so the samurai attendants were dressed in raincoats and had covers attached to the hilts of their swords, which was advantageous for the attackers.
- しかし従来彼らを差別してきた他の民衆の中にはこれに反発するものがあり、一揆をなして被差別部落民を襲撃する事件を起こした。
- However some of those people who had discriminated them rebelled against this movement, and they caused incidents of raids on Burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast group) through uprisings.
- その翌日の夕刻、貞時の「仰せ」とする得宗被官、御家人が当時連署であった北条時村の屋敷を襲い殺害、屋敷一帯は炎に包まれた。
- In the evening of the next day, samurai belonging to Tokuso (the main Hojo family) attacked the residence of Tokimura HOJO, an assistant to shikken at that time, saying that it was Tokisada's order, killing Morotoki and burning the area including the residence.
- 妙見山に布陣していた河上は生野の町で闘死しようとするが、騙されたと怒った農民たちが「偽浪士」と罵って彼らに襲いかかった。
- Kawakami who was on Mt. Myoken with his men for the battle formation, tried to die heroically in Ikuno Town, but the farmers, who thought they had been deceived, got angry, execrated them as 'fake roshi' and attacked them.
- そのためか一般受けせず、新古今組は吉沢の直系以外ではほとんど演奏されないが、このスタイルを踏襲した京極流箏曲も存在した。
- For this or another reason, Shinkokin-gumi is seldom played by musicians out of the direct line of Yoshizawa, but there was Kyogoku school of koto music that followed this style.
- 室町時代後半の戦乱期には、他の祭祀と同様に宮中での祈年祭も廃絶し、神祇官の伯を世襲してきた白川伯王家が行うようになった。
- During the later Muromachi period (the times of war), Kinen-sai festival in Imperial Court came to a halt just like other rituals, and instead, it began to be held by the Shirakawa-hakuo family, which hereditarily inherited 'Jingi haku' (a chief official in charge of matters relating to Shintoism).
- 竹原惟路の没後、旧熊本藩主の細川護久侯爵は井上平太に伝書一切を印可相伝させ、「第三十三代武田流司家」を襲名させたという。
- It is said that, after Koremichi TAKEHARA died, Marquis Morihisa HOSOKAWA, a lord of the former Kumamoto clan transmitted all books on the esoterica to Heita INOUE and made him succeed 'the 33rd Takeda-ryu tsukasake family.'
- 上記の要因が複合し、島津軍の奇襲作戦や伏兵などが成功して連合軍が混乱し瓦解したため、寡兵の島津軍が勝利しえたと推測できる。
- It could be assumed that the outnumbered Shimazu army was able to face a victory due to a combination of various factors mentioned earlier and the successful surprise and ambush attacks that led the allied force into confusion and fell.
- 天正10年(1582年)6月2日、明智光秀は中国攻めには向かわず本能寺の織田信長軍を急襲し、織田信長を炎の中に追い込んだ。
- On July 1, 1582, he did not leave for the attack on the Chugoku region, instead he attacked the army of Nobunaga ODA in Honno-ji Temple, and he drove his lord Nobunaga into the fire.
- 民衆は無秩序に食料を求めて朝鮮・明軍・日本軍を襲い、食料調達が不足した日本軍・明軍・朝鮮軍は朝鮮民衆から現地徴発を行った。
- Common people attacked the troops of Korea, Ming and Japan disorderly looking for food and the latter, which suffered short supply of food, conducted local procurement from common people of Korea.
- 政虎は、猛将・柿崎景家を先鋒に、車懸りの陣(車輪のスポークのように部隊を配置し、次々攻撃する陣形)で武田軍に襲いかかった。
- With Kageie KAKIZAKI, a bold military commander, as the spearhead, Masatora's forces attacked Takeda's forces in the battle formation of 'Kuruma-gakarino-jin' (in which soldiers were placed in the formation like spokes of a wheel, and made attacks successively).
- 12月4日郵政局開局祝賀宴に際し事大派要人を襲撃、その後王宮内で6人の大臣を殺害するなどして5日に新しい政権を発足させた。
- On December 4, the Enlightenment Party attacked leaders of Serving the Great Party in a banquet to celebrate the opening of the Postal Agency and six ministers in the palace, and inaugurated a new administration on the 5th.
- 同年9月18日 (旧暦)、会津藩の催した角屋での宴会で泥酔して屯所に帰宅した芹沢は、寝込みを近藤勇一派に襲われて絶命した。
- On September 18 of the same year (old calendar), when SERIZAWA became severely drunk during a party held by the Aizu domain in Sumiya and returned to base, KONDO's faction surprise attacked SERIZAWA in his sleep and killed him.
- また、当初は現地の有力武士が任じられる事が多かった守護の人選も次第に足利将軍家の一族や譜代、功臣の世襲へと変更されていく。
- Moreover, originally the shugo were often selected from the powerful samurais in the local area, but the change was gradually made to select from the descents of the Ashikaga shogun family, the Fudai (hereditary vassals) or the meritorious retainer.
- 襲津彦以降の氏人としては、葛城葦田宿禰・玉田宿禰・円大臣・蟻臣の名が知られ、その系譜は断片的に復元可能である(系図参照)。
- After the death of Sotsuhiko, records of the notable people from this clan, such as Katsuraki no ashita no sukune, Tamada no sukune, Tsubura no Okimi and Ariomi, enable us to partially recover their genealogy (See the genealogical chart).
- 実際に防人軍団の外国勢力との交戦は、1019年に中国沿海地方の女真族が対馬から北九州を襲撃した刀伊の入寇の1度だけである。
- In actuality, the only conflict to have taken place between sakimori troops and a foreign force was the Toi invasion of 1019 in which Jurchen people from the coastal region of China invaded northern Kyushu through Tsushima Island.
- 作戦を練った上で4月10日から合戦に及び、まず富田基度が拠る朝明郡の富田舘(四日市市東富田町)を襲い、数時間合戦を続けた。
- After making strategies, the punitive force started the battle on May 18 by attacking the house of Tomida in Asake-gun (Higashi Tomida-cho, Yokkaichi City), where the base of Motonori TOMIDA lay, and continued to battle for hours.
- 襲名の四半世紀も前、26歳のときに結婚した恋女房で、翌年には後に二代目勝俵藏 → 五代目鶴屋南北となる長男が生まれている。
- At the age of 26, a quarter of a century before the succession to the name, he married Okichi, and in the next year, the eldest son Hyozo KATSU II to be Nanboku TSURUYA V was born.
- しかし、宗盛はこれを拒絶し、合戦直前の休戦命令に従っていたにも係らず、突然源氏に襲われたということに対する抗議をしている。
- However, Munemori refused this proposal and objected due to the Taira clan following the conditions of the orders, and suspending battle just before it was to break out, and suddenly the Taira clan came under attack by the Minamoto clan's army.
- 壬申の乱以来、天武天皇の子孫が皇位を世襲してきたが、奈良期に打ち続いた政変で天武系の皇族の多くが殺されるか刑を受けていた。
- A descendant of Emperor Tenmu inherited the imperial throne after Jinshin War, however, many Imperial Family members from the Imperial line of Emperor Tenmu were either killed or punished due to continuous political changes during the Nara period.
- いわゆる汚れ仕事として嫌われたために、実質的には世襲ではあったものの、形式的には代替わりの際には新規召抱えの体裁を踏んだ。
- Since their job was disliked as it was so-called a dirty job, they formally employed a new person when his predecessor left his office although it was substantially hereditary.
- しかし現実には完全施行は難しかったようで、家格以上の役職に就任した者が退任するにあたって世襲家禄を加増される例が多かった。
- However, the perfect enforcement seemed to be difficult from a practical standpoint, and in many cases, hereditary Karoku (hereditary stipend) was added when a person who assumed a post not less than kakaku (family status) left his office.
- 紋付と羽織に、左右の乳と袖、背(背紋)に一つずつ紋を付け、格式を重んじる行事(式典、襲名式、葬儀、結納)の際に使用される。
- People wear kimono garment and haori coat, both bearing crest marks on right and left spots of a breast part and sleeves and on a back as well, are worn on the occasion of such prestigious events as a celebration, a name-taking ceremony, a funeral and an exchange of betrothal gifts.
- のち實川額十郎の門人となり、さらに尾上菊五郎 (4代目)に認められて養子となり尾上梅幸を襲名、音羽屋の後継者に擬せられる。
- He later became a student of Gakujuro JITSUKAWA and then was highly valued and adopted by Kikugoro ONOE (IV) to take the name Baiko ONOE, and was regarded as successor to the Otowaya stage family name.
- 豊臣秀次への関白位譲渡も引退を目的としたものではなく、関白位の豊臣氏世襲を宣言するものであり実権は依然として秀吉が保持した。
- The transfer of 'Kanpaku' to Hidetsugu Toyotomi did not mean Hideyoshi's retirement but the declaration of the Toyotomi-clan's heritage of that position, and Hideyoshi maintained the real power.
- しかし、時宗が1284年に急死すると、翌1285年、平頼綱は泰盛を突如襲撃・殺害し、泰盛派の御家人らを討伐した(霜月騒動)。
- However, when Tokimune died suddenly in 1284, TAIRA no Yoritsuna killed Yasumori in a sudden assault and exterminated the gokenin of the Yasumori faction in the following year of 1285 (the Shimotsuki Incident).
- 官軍は捜索隊の報告と各地からの急報で初めて薩軍の大挙来襲を知り、各地に増援隊を派遣するとともに三好旅団長自ら迫間に進出した。
- As soon as the government army learned that the Satsuma army were storming in full strength by a report from the reconnaissance party and urgent messages from the respective troops, it dispatched the reinforcements to the troops, while having the Brigadier MIYOSHI advance for Sakoma in person.
- 加茂砦の急襲を知った刀根山砦にいた兵たちが直ちに織田信忠隊の救援に駆け付けたが、馬や兵糧を奪われて加茂砦は炎上した後だった。
- Soldiers who were in Fort Toneyama knew the sudden attack to Fort Kamo hurried to help the troops of Nobutada ODA but horses and provisions had been already robbed and Fort Kamo had burst into flames.
- しかし、14世紀末ごろになると、一定の氏族がその国の守護職を相伝(世襲)するという守護職の固定化が見られるようになっていた。
- However, in around the end of the 14th century, the shugo-shiki was exclusively possessed by a certain clan that inherited the post of its province, which was called 'monopolization of the shugo-shiki.'
- 三左衛門事件(さんさえもんじけん)とは、一条能保・一条高能父子の遺臣が権大納言土御門通親襲撃を企てたとして捕らえられた事件。
- The San-saemon incident was the incident in which former retainers of the deceased father and son, Yoshiyasu ICHIJO and Takayoshi ICHIJO, were arrested for attempting to attack Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO, Gon Dainagon (provisional major counselor).
- この書によると、利休は60歳までは先人の茶を踏襲し61歳から(つまり本能寺の変の年から)ようやく独自の茶の湯を始めたという。
- According to that record, Rikyu inherited the traditional style of tea ceremony until he was 60, and began to establish his own style after 61 (when the incident at Honno-ji Temple occurred).
- 明法家もまた、元は大学寮の明法道の教官であった明法博士の地位を明法道の家学化によってその世襲を確立させることで成立している。
- Such Myobo-ke were also formed by establishing heredity of the position of Myobo hakase who were originally instructors of Myobodo (study of ritsuryo codes) in Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) by changing Myobodo to hereditary learning.
- 伊達政宗以降、武家官位としての陸奥守の職は伊達家当主・仙台藩主に与えられるのが慣例となり、代々伊達氏が世襲し幕末まで続いた。
- Since Masamune DATE it became customary that the position of Mutsu no kami as an official court title for samurai was granted to the family head of the Date family or the lord of the Sendai Domain, that is, the position was taken over by the Date clan by heredity till the end of Edo period.
- 明治新政府に不満を持つ旧会津藩藩士渡辺悌輔らが、大河津分水掘削工事の負担に苦しむ農民等を糾合し、新潟県庁の襲撃を図った事件。
- It was the incident in which Teisuke WATANABE, a former feudal retainer of Aizu Domain, and others, being dissatisfied with the Meiji government, rallied peasants who were suffering from the burdens of excavation work of Ookozu-Bunsui Canal, and attempted to attack Niigata Prefectural Office.
- 江戸時代において家老職は譜代重鎮の家臣による世襲、もしくは有力な譜代の家臣(家老職を出せる家格の家臣)による交代制となった。
- In the Edo period, the Karo post was inherited by the families of prominent Fudai retainers, or was occupied alternately by powerful Fudai retainers themselves (who had the status to appoint Karo officers).
- 平安時代終わりの平氏全盛期には素材は錦となり、重量の重さから過度の重ね着ができなくなり、襲を重視しなくなっていったとされる。
- During the heyday of the Taira clan at the end of the Heian period, the use of brocade meant that uchiki were too heavy to wear in many layers and as a result, layers became less important.
- 1572年-1573年にかけて、木戸城、田中城 (近江国)を落城させ、また湖面より囲船にて湖北の浅井氏勢に襲撃し打撃を与えた。
- From 1572 through 1573, he attacked and defeated Kido-jo Castle and Tanaka-jo Castle (Omi Province), and he also attacked the Asai clan on the northern shore of Lake Biwa with battle ships and damaged the clan.
- 『日本書紀』により倭迹迹日百襲媛命の墓として築造したと伝えられる箸墓古墳は、邪馬台国の都の有力候補地である纏向遺跡の中にある。
- The Hashihaka Tumulus, which is said to be the tomb of Yamatototohimomoso Hime no Mikoto according to the Nihonshoki, is located in the Makimuku ruins--a possible location of the Yamatai Kingdom.
- 「武士交名」に登載されている武士たちは、承平天慶期に勲功を挙げた者もしくはその子孫であって、武芸を世襲している者たちであった。
- The samurai who were registered in 'bushi-komyo' were those who realized distinguished achievements in the Johei and Tengyo eras and their descendants, or the persons who inherited martial arts from generation to generation.
- また、人数や任期についても地域やその都市によって異なり、特に任期については、数年で交代するところから世襲によるところもあった。
- Also, each city had its own rule about the number of officials and their term of office, and as for the term of office, they were replaced every few years in some regions or cities while the position was hereditary in some other cities.
- そして外国人や中国人キリスト教信者はもとより、舶来物を扱う商店、はては鉄道・電線にいたるまで攻撃対象とし、次々と襲っていった。
- They eventually targeted not only foreigners and Chinese Christians, but merchants that handled foreign goods, and even railways and electricity lines, and began to attack one after another.
- 『愚管抄』によれば、味方の人数はすくなく、敵は多勢であるから、御所に夜襲を仕掛けるべきことを、為義が崇徳・頼長に進言している。
- According to 'Gukansho,' Tameyoshi advised Sutoku and Yorinaga to make a night attack on the Imperial Residence because they were heavily outnumbered by the enemy.
- 南学では魏晋の学風が踏襲され、『毛詩』「三礼」の鄭玄注以外に、『周易』は王弼注、『尚書』は偽孔伝、『春秋』は杜預注が尊ばれた。
- In the south learning, a method of learning from Gi Shin was adopted, and annotation by Jo Gen such as 'Mao shi,' 'Sanrai' (three classical texts on rites), as well as annotation by Wang Bi for 'Zhouyi,' Gikoden for 'Shosho,' and annotation by To Yo for 'Shunju' were honored.
- 第二次世界大戦が終わった1945年以降の女性たちは、空襲がなくなったので、所持していたが着られなかった和服を着るようになった。
- Since the end of World War II in 1945, there were no more air raids and women started to wear Wafuku that they could not wear before.
- そして、その3年後二条御所と呼ばれていた押小路烏丸殿は、本能寺の変で明智光秀の襲撃を受けて焼失、以後再建されること無く荒廃した。
- 3 years later, Oshikoji Karasumadono, which was then called Nijo Palace, was attacked and burned down by Mitsuhide AKECHI during the Honnoji Incident, and was left to ruin without ever being rebuilt.
- なお「○○天皇陵」といった呼称は、江戸時代の儒学者、国学者などの手による文献研究を踏襲し、明治時代に宮内省が比定しただけである。
- In addition, names such as 'Emperor's Tomb' were determined in the Meiji period based on literature study by Confucian scholars and scholars of Japanese classical literature in the Edo period.
- 長距離の遠征になればなるほど、小荷駄隊の重要性が増加する一方、その襲撃を受ける可能性とその損失による軍隊への打撃は大きくなった。
- The further the distance travelled in a campaign, the more important a Konidatai troop became, while also increasing the possibility of being attacked and the damage done to the army due to its loss.
- 宝亀11年3月22日 (旧暦)(780年5月1日)、呰麻呂は伊治城において紀広純らを殺害、俘囚軍は多賀城を襲撃し略奪放火をした。
- On May 1, 780, Azamaro killed KI no Hirozumi and others at Iji Castle, while the army of assimilated Emishi people attacked and plundered Taga Castle and set the fire to it.
- さらに小舟での襲撃などにより元軍を悩ませる武士も少なくなかった(一方で河野通有などのように石弓によって重傷を負った武士もいた)。
- In addition, the Yuan army was bothered by many samurai attacking in small boats (while some of them, like Michiari KONO, suffered severe injuries from stone arrowheads).
- 解放令反対一揆(かいほうれいはんたいいっき)は、日本の明治時代はじめに各地でおきた暴動、襲撃事件で、解放令に反対して起こされた。
- Kaiho Rei (Emancipation Edict) opposition uprisings were incidents of riots and raids which broke out against Kaiho Rei in various places of Japan during early Meiji period.
- 当然ながら「坂東王国」であるなら朝廷の慣習を踏襲する必要は全く無く、常陸守や上総守を任命すべきであるが、何故か介を任命している。
- It goes without saying that the 'Bando Kingdom' (the kingdom of an old Kanto region) was not required to follow the customs of the Imperial Court, so a Hitachi no kami and a Kazusa no kami should have been appointed, but, for some inexplicable reason, a suke was assigned to these provinces instead.
- 戦局悪化に伴い空襲時の防空用に女性の着用が義務付けられ、半ば強制された(その前の時期から男性には国民服が制定、配給されていた)。
- With the deterioration of the war, women were obliged and nearly forced to wear them to defend themselves from air raids (Men were already issued the designated 'kokuminfuku' (national uniform) before that).
- 後に賀茂家の嫡流が断絶すると、同氏の庶流であった幸徳井友景が陰陽頭となり、孫の幸徳井友傳以後は暦博士の官職は幸徳井家の世襲となる。
- In a later period, once all the direct descendants of the Kamo family had died out, Tomokage KOTOKUI, a member of a branch line of the Kamo clan, became Onmyo no kami (Director of Onmyoryo) and after Tomosuke KOTOKUI, who was the grandson of Tomokage, Reki Hakase became a hereditary post for descendants of the Kotokui family.
- これによって、博士職を世襲する家以外から文章博士が登用される事は無くなり、博士達はそれぞれの家に家塾を設けて教育するようになった。
- Following this, the cases in which monjo hakase were recruited from other families than those which inherited positions of hakase died out and each hakase established their own government-backed school operated by themselves at their homes, providing education.
- 古来、攻城側は守城側の10倍は必要とされていることからすれば、いかに剽悍な薩摩兵とはいえ、1対3での包囲強襲は無謀な作戦と言える。
- Traditionally, it had been said that the besiegers had to be ten times as strong as the defenders; therefore, the plan to press a siege against the castle with the ratio of 1:3: would have been reckless for the Satsuma soldiers however fierce and cunning they were.
- そこで、薩軍は南下してくる官軍、また上陸してくると予想される官軍、熊本鎮台に対処するために、熊本城強襲策を変更して長囲策に転じた。
- Then, as countermeasures against the government army that was approaching from north, the government army that was going to disembark, and Kumamoto Garrison, the Satsuma army changed its plan of storming Kumamoto Castle to the drawn-out siege plan.
- その後も代々改正が加えられ、玄宗 (唐)朝の開元25年(737年)に頒布された『開元二十五年律令』は、東アジア諸国でも踏襲された。
- The Ritsuryo system was revised during the reign of every successive Tang emperor, and 'Kaigen nijugonen Ritsuryo' distributed in 737 during the reign of Emperor Genso was followed in the East Asian countries.
- 室町時代の後半の戦国時代 (日本)では戦乱が多発し、農村では集落を守るために周囲に堀(環濠)を巡らして襲撃に備えるところが現れた。
- The latter half of the Muromachi period was the Sengoku period (period of warring states) when warfare broke out all over Japan, making some villagers decide to build moats around their settlements in order to protect themselves from assaults.
- 以来、歌舞伎や源氏物語などを題材して明治以来のスタイルを踏襲しながらその年の干支や話題にちなみ、新たなる志向で上演され続けている。
- Since then, Miyako Odori has been performed devising new plans associated with the Oriental Zodiac or topics of the year, as well as following the style since Meiji Period based on kabuki (Japanese classical drama) or the Tale of the Genji.
- 軍議では池上が主張する「熊本に抑えを置き、主力東上」策と篠原らが主張する「全軍による熊本城強襲」策が対立したが、強襲策が採用された。
- The council was divided between the plan urged by IKEGAMI to 'deploy part of the army in Kumamoto to defend the region and to make the main force head east' and the plan urged by those including SHINOHARA to 'storm Kumamoto Castle by the whole army', and finally, the latter plan was adopted.
- これに対し、23日、中島・貴島・相良は官軍に反撃し、行進隊8個中隊と奇兵隊2箇中隊で雀宮・桂山を襲撃し、多数の銃器・弾薬を獲得した。
- For this, on May 23, the troops of NAKAJIMA, KIJIMA, and SAGARA counterattacked the government army, and eight companies of the Koshin-tai troop and two companies of Kiheitai raided Suzumenomiya and Katsurayama and looted lots of firearms and ammunition.
- 宣長は「魏志倭人伝」の記述から邪馬台国は九州にあったと結論し、九州の熊襲の女酋長が勝手に神功皇后の使いを偽って魏へ通交したと考えた。
- Considering the description in the Record of Japan in the History of Wei, Norinaga concluded that the Yamatai Kingdom was located in the Kyushu District, and a female chief of Kumaso was cultivating friendly relations with Wei under the pretense of Empress Jingu's envoy.
- この時制定された蒸気機関車の形式番号体系は、1928年(昭和3年)に新たな体系が制定された後も併存し、現在に至るまで踏襲されている。
- The form of steam locomotive set up at this time existed together even after the new form was set up in 1928 and the form has been used until now.
- 5月には武田信賢、細川成之らが若狭の一色氏の領地へ侵攻、都でも一色義直の邸や西軍諸将の屋敷を襲撃、斯波義敏は尾張から遠江へ侵攻する。
- In May, the troops of Nobukata TAKEDA and Shigeyuki HOSOKAWA among others invaded the Isshiki family's territory in Wakasa and, in the capital too, the residences of Yoshinao ISSHIKI and generals of the Western camp were attacked, while Yoshitoshi SHIBA invaded Totoumi from Owari.
- 正平 (日本)4年/貞和5年(1349年)、襲撃を受けた直義が逃げ込んだ尊氏邸を師直の兵が包囲し、直義の引退を求める事件が発生した。
- In 1349, Moronao demanded Tadayoshi's retirement from politics, surrounding Takauji's castle in which Tadayoshi had sheltered.
- また日本側においても、鎌倉幕府は3度目の襲来に備えて、西国御家人への異国警固番役を解くこともなく、鎮西探題を設置するなど警戒を続けた。
- In the Japan side, on the other hand, Kamakura bakufu kept alert against the third invasion by establishing Chinzei tandai (the office of the military governor of Kyushu) without releasing Saigoku-gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate of the western part of Japan, esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki) who had engaged in Ikoku keiko banyaku (military service imposed by bakufu in order to prepare against the invasion of Yuan Dynasty).
- 一条方が四万十川以東の集落や中村城の城下町を襲って挑発すると、長宗我部元親はわずか3日後に7300の軍勢を率いて四万十川東岸に現れた。
- As the Ichijo army provoked the enemy by attacking villages east of the Shimanto-gawa River and the castle town of the Nakamura-jo Castle, Motochika CHOSOKABE arrived on the east bank of the Shimanto-gawa River with the army 7,300 strong after a mere three days.
- 戦局が大きく動いたのは一刻後、淀川沿いに布陣していた池田恒興・池田元助・加藤光泰率いる手勢が、密かに円明寺川を渡河して津田信春を奇襲。
- The tide of the battle changed significantly when the units under the direct command of Tsuneoki IKEDA, Motosuke IKEDA and Mitsuyasu KATO positioned along the Yodo-gawa River crossed the Enmyoji-gawa River unnoticed and made a surprise attack on Nobuharu TSUDA.
- 何れも将軍・使人として朝鮮半島に派遣された内容であるが、中でも特に留意されるのは、襲津彦の新羅征討を記す神功皇后摂政62年条であろう。
- They are all his records when he was sent to Korean peninsula as shogunate and embassador, and the most notable one is the description in Jingu kogo sessho 62 nenjo that records his expedition to Shirai.
- 為朝は兵力でおとる自分たちが勝つためには、夜襲をかけて火を放ち、天皇を奪い取るしかないと献策するが、頼長は若気のいたりと取り上げない。
- Tametomo suggests that all they can do to ensure their victory is make a night attack, set a fire and take the Emperor away, but Yorinaga treats it as the idea of an inexperienced person.
- 形としては連歌の様式を踏襲し、五七五の句の後に七七の句を交互に付けていき、三十六句(歌仙)、五十句(五十韻)、百句(百韻)等よりなる。
- In terms of its formal structure, it follows the renga form, beginning with a three-line verse (ku) of five, seven, and five syllables respectively, followed by a succession of two-line verses of seven syllables each, until a length of 36 verses (kasen), 50 verses (goju-in), or 100 verses (hyaku-in) is reached.
- 2007年には桂歌々志が師匠の名跡である桂歌之助 (3代目)を、2008年には桂小米朝 (3代目)が半世紀ぶりに5代目桂米團治を襲名。
- In 2007 Kakashi KATSURA assumed the grand household name of Utanosuke KATSURA (III), which was also his master's name, and in 2008 Kobeicho KATSURA (III) inherited the name of Yonedanji KATSURA V for the first time in fifty years.
- 現在は、宮内庁により第7代孝霊天皇の皇女、倭迹迹日百襲姫命大市墓(やまとととひももそひめのみことおおいちのはか)として管理されている。
- Today, it is administered by the Imperial Household Agency as the Oichi tomb (Oichi no haka) of Yamatototohimomosohime no Mikoto, the daughter of the seventh emperor, Korei.
- 一方、包囲側の明軍も最低でも数万以上と推測される大軍を長期間展開するだけの食糧は無かった上に、島津軍の奇襲によって食料庫を焼失している。
- On the other hand, Ming army with at least several ten thousand soldiers that surrounded the castle lacked food required to move the huge army and lost the food warehouse from the surprise attack of Shimazu army.
- 明治政府の成立後、国家統治機構の近代化と人材登用を標榜して、公家の官職世襲によって支えられてきた朝廷のシステムを「悪しき遺制」と捉えた。
- After the establishment of the Meiji government, with the aim of the modernization of national management systems and utilizing human resources, the court system of hereditary positions held by the aristocracy was considered as an 'evil old custom.'
- 3日、早朝の霧に乗じた薩軍の急襲を別働第3旅団は激闘5時間の末、これを退け、追撃して緑川を越えて薩軍の側背を衝き、進んで甲佐を占領した。
- On April 3, the Satsuma army raided the detached 3rd brigade under the cover of fog in the early morning, but the brigade drove back the Satsuma army after a five-hour fierce battle, chased it across the Midori-kawa River, attacked the back side and the flank of the Satsuma army, and seized Kosa after further advancement.
- 倭迹迹日百襲媛命(やまとととひももそひめのみこと)は、『日本書紀』の倭迹迹日百襲姫命または倭迹迹姫命、『古事記』の夜麻登登母母曾毘賣命。
- Mentions of Yamatototohimomoso Hime no Mikoto in the Nihonshoki and the Kojiki refer to the same individual.
- 保元の乱(ほうげんのらん)は、平安時代の保元元年(1156年)に崇徳天皇と後白河天皇が対立し、上皇側に天皇側が奇襲を仕掛けた事件である。
- The Hogen Disturbance occurred during the first year (1156) of the Hogen era in the Heian period, when Emperor Sutoku and Emperor Goshirakawa had a dispute, and the Emperor's side made a surprise attack on the retired emperor's side.
- 当初、受領たちは東北制圧戦争に伴って各地に捕囚として抑留された蝦夷集団、すなわち俘囚を騎馬襲撃戦を得意とする私兵として鎮圧に当たらせた。
- The Ezo (northerners) group, that is, barbarians, who were in custody as prisoners in each region after the war for conquest of the north-east region, were first made by zuryos to be the private armies who were in charge of suppression and good at cavalry attack.
- 長禄・寛正の飢饉(ちょうろく・かんせいのききん)は、長禄3年(1459年)から寛正2年(1461年)にかけて日本全国を襲った飢饉のこと。
- The Choroku–Kansei Famine was a country-wide famine that struck Japan in 1459 (the third year of the Choroku era) and lasted until 1461 (the second year of the Kansei era).
- この両替に用いられる天秤は、承応2年(1653年)に世襲的特権を与えられた、京都の天秤座(はかりざ)で製作されたもののみ使用が許された。
- The balances allowed to be used for this type of exchange were those produced by Hakariza in Kyoto that received a hereditary privilege in 1653.
- しかし同2月、伊賀で平維基の子孫らが、伊勢で平度光の子息らが蜂起し、両国の守護の経俊が赴いたが問答無用で襲撃され、無勢の経俊は逃亡した。
- However, in the same month, March, descendants of TAIRA no Koremoto and a group including sons of TAIRA no Koremitsu respectively raised a rebellion in Iga and Ise and Tsunetoshi, serving as the shugo in both the provinces, traveled to quell the rebellions, but he was attacked without having any talks and ran away lamely.
- 明治10年(1877年)1月20日頃、西郷は、この時期に私学校生徒が火薬庫を襲うなどとは夢にも思わず、大隅半島の小根占で狩猟をしていた。
- Around January 20, 1877, Saigo was hunting in Konejime on Osumi peninsula, and he never dreamed that the students of Shigakko would attack the powder magazine.
- 5軒から10軒の世帯を一組とし、団結や地方自治の進行を促し、戦争での住民の動員や物資の供出、統制物の配給、空襲での防空活動などを行った。
- Making a group with five to ten families, it urged their solidarity and development of local autonomy, and was used for mobilization of citizens and obligatory supply of materials to the government, distribution of controlled goods, and defense activity against air raids during wartime.
- さらにこの憲政擁護運動は東京だけでは収まらず、関西などにおいても新聞社や議会の邸宅が襲われるなど、各地で桂内閣に反対する暴動が相次いだ。
- The Kensei Yogo Undo expanded from Tokyo to other parts of the nation including the Kansai area, where newspaper companies and houses of progovernment members of the Diet were also attacked, and developed into a series of anti-KATSURA cabinet riots all over the country.
- しかし、東北での戦線が新政府軍勝利の形で沈静化すると、敗走した一行は天狗党が政権を握った水戸藩へ舞い戻り水戸城を奇襲した(弘道館戦争)。
- However, when the new government army won and the battles in the Tohoku region calmed down, the shoseito members who had left the Mito Domain went back to the Mito Domain, which was governed by the Tenguto, and attacked the Mito-jo Castle (the battle of Kodokan school).
- 特にサントリーニ島やポンペイ、ヘルクラネウムなど火山災害に襲われて瞬時に埋まった地域では建物の中から保存状態の良い壁画が発見されている。
- Particularly in regions hit by the volcanic disasters and covered quickly with ash such as Santorini Island, Pompei and Herculaneum, well-preserved wall paintings were discovered in the debris of the buried buildings.
- 1973年10月 - 11月 歌舞伎座にて『弁天娘女男白浪』の弁天小僧菊之助、『京鹿子娘道成寺』白拍子花子ほかで七代目尾上菊五郎を襲名。
- October to November 1973: He succeeded to the name, Kikugoro ONOE, the Seventh, by performing such as Kikunosuke, the Benten Kozo (a thief) in 'Bentenmusume Meono Shiranami,' and Hanako, a Shirabyoshi (a women who plays Japanese traditional dance) in 'Kyo Kanokomusume Dojoji' (The maiden at Dojo-ji Temple) in Kabuki-za theater.
- 江戸時代には清原氏の子孫である舟橋家・伏原家が博士の職を世襲したが、儒教の中でも新興の宋学全盛の時代にあっては名目のみの官となっていった。
- During the Edo period, the Funabashi and Fusehara families, as descendants of the Nakahara clan, inherited the position of hakase (professor); the inherited position was in name only, however, since it had become the golden days of the newly emerged Sogaku (Song-period neo-Confucianism).
- まず長宗我部隊が霧を隠れ蓑に藤堂高虎隊5,000を奇襲し、藤堂一族その他多数の首を獲ったが、幕府方の援軍に阻まれ、後退中に追撃を受け壊滅。
- To begin with, Chosokabe troop, covered by fog, made a surprise attack on Takatora TODO troop of 5,000 soldiers and cut off many heads of the Todo Family and others, however, they were blocked by auxiliary forces of the bakufu and destroyed by bakufu's chase when they were retreating.
- 天王山にいた黒田・秀長・神子田の隊は、中川・高山両隊を側面から襲うべく接近してきた松田政近・並河易家両隊と交戦し、一進一退の攻防が続いた。
- Kuroda's, Hidenaga's and Mikoda's corps, positioned on Mt. Tennozan, fought against the corps of Masachika MATSUDA and of Yasuie NAMIKAWA having approached Nakagawa's and Takayama's on the flank, and a seesaw match ensued.
- 1867年7月14日(慶応3年6月13日)の深夜、秘密の教会堂を幕吏が急襲したのを皮切りに、高木仙右衛門ら信徒ら68人が一斉に捕縛された。
- At midnight on July 14, 1867, bakuri (shogunate officials) first conducted a raid on a secret church, and captured Senemon TAKAGI and 67 other Christians all at once.
- 義経は、範頼とともに平氏追討を命ぜられ、2月4日_(旧暦)、義経は搦手軍を率いて播磨国へ迂回し、三草山の戦いで夜襲によって平資盛らを撃破。
- Yoshitsune who, together with Noriyori, was ordered to expel the Taira clan, went around Harima Province with backdoor troops on February 4 (old old lunar calendar), and in the Battle of Mikusayama he broke the forces of TAIRA no Sukemori and others in a night raid.
- (『日本書紀』では熊襲の首長が川上梟帥〈タケル〉一人とされている点と、台詞が『古事記』より、天皇家に従属的な点を除けば、ほぼ同じである。)
- (In the 'Nihonshoki,' the story is almost the same except for the following: the head of Kumaso was Kawakami no Takeru (川上梟帥) alone, and the lines spoken sound more subordinate to the Imperial family than the ones in the 'Kojiki.')
- また、註釈・解説としての性質上、先行の抄物の内容をそのまま踏襲することはしばしば見られ、この点において一般の文学作品などとは性質が異なる。
- Also, due to the nature of commentary and explanation, it was common to see shomono which emulated the contents of previous compositions, in this way shomono differs from general literary works.
- しかしながら、義経が崖ないし坂を駆け下って平氏の一ノ谷の陣営奇襲したという「逆落し」自体は当時の一級史料である『玉葉』には記されていない。
- However, there is no description of 'sakaotoshi' which indicates Yoshitsune having ran down a cliff or a hill then executing a surprise attack on the Ichinotani military camp of the Taira clan in 'Gyokuyo,' the first class historical material of that period.
- 10月5日 (旧暦)に対馬、10月14日 (旧暦)に壱岐を襲撃し、平戸鷹島の松浦党の本拠を全滅させ、壱岐守護代の平景隆を自害に追い込んだ。
- They attacked Tsushima on October 5 and Iki on October 14 (both dates according to old lunar calendar), completely destroying the headquarters of the Matsuura Party (group of local warriors based in Matsuura area) in Taka-shima Island, Hirado, and drove Shugodai (Deputy Military Governor) of Iki Province TAIRA no Kagetaka to committing suicide.
- 日本武尊が熊襲征伐において女装を行い、神功皇后が三韓征伐の際に男装を行ったという説話も彼らが巫として神を憑依させた事の象徴であったという。
- When YAMATO Takeru no Mikoto conquered Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district), he dressed himself as a woman, and when Empress Jingu conquered sankan (three countries in old Korea), she dressed herself as a man, that symbolized the moment when they are possessed by god.
- その息子である坂田藤十郎 (4代目)が三代目中村鴈治郎を襲名する際は、不自由な身体を押して口上や『心中天の網島・河庄』の小春を務めている。
- When his son Tojuro SAKATA IV succeeded to Ganjiro NAKAMURA III he had kojo and performed Koharu of 'Kawasho, Shinju Ten no Amishima' (Double Suicide) in spite of his handicapped body.
- 1951年には亡父の後を襲って片岡仁左衛門を襲名するも、1960年代に入ってから関西歌舞伎の凋落いちじるしく、思わしい活動が行えなかった。
- In 1951, he succeeded to the stage name Nizaemon KATAOKA after his late father, but with the dawn of the '60s Kansai kabuki started a significant decline and he couldn't act as he wanted.
- 古くはローマ帝国の皇帝の地位は後継者が先代皇帝の養子となる体裁をもつことや、まれに実際の血族に代襲させることで権威の正当性を継続させていた。
- In the ancient world, with regard to the status of an Emperor of the Roman Empire the legitimacy of authority was maintained by a successor keeping up the appearance of continuity by becoming the adopted child of the last Emperor; on rare occasions a blood relative succeeded by representation.
- また11月30日、赤井五郎が3000の兵を率いて神尾寺城包囲軍の背後から襲い掛かり、赤井五郎軍にも大きな損害がでたものの包囲軍を打ち破った。
- On January 2, 1527, Goro AKAI led an army of 3,000 samurai to attack the army surrounding Kannosanjo Castle from behind and defeated the army, although the army of Goro AKAI also suffered heavy casualties.
- 平安時代、朝廷の地方支配が筆頭国司である受領に権力を集中する体制に移行すると、受領の収奪に対する富豪百姓層の武装襲撃が頻発するようになった。
- During the Heian period, with the move to the system where the reins of power were concentrated on the zuryo who were hitto-kokushi (the head of the provincial governors) in the Imperial Court's governance of the local regions, the class of rich farmers' attacks against the deprivation by zuryo happened frequently.
- 景時滅亡後の正治3年(1201年)正月23日、景時が庇護して御家人となっていた城長茂が上洛し、大番役で在京していた小山朝政の宿所を襲撃する。
- On March 6, 1201 after the ruin of Kagetoki, Nagamochi JO, who became gokenin (vassal) under the protection of Kagetoki went to Kyoto, where he attacked the accommodation of Tomosama OYAMA who was staying in Kyoto as the guardian of Kyoto.
- 労働者らは事務所を襲い、食料や酒を奪って飲み食いしし、午後には施設に放火したが、現金には手をつけるなという指令がどこからか出ていたともいう。
- Workers attacked offices, ate and drank what they robbed, and in the afternoon they set fire to the facilities, but it was said that someone ordered to get their hands off money.
- 京都国立博物館には有栖川宮家伝来の細長があるが、皇女の細長とほぼ同じ形式ながら丈がそれよりは短く、皇室と世襲親王家とでは区別があったらしい。
- There is a hosonaga descendent of the Arisugawanomiya family in the Kyoto National Museum, and the form of it is nearly the same as that of the aforementioned emperor's daughter's, however, the length is shorter and it seems there is a distinction of hosonaga between the hosonaga of the imperial family and that of hereditary prince's household.
- もっとも、律令制以前及び初期の世習では継承者の能力についても問われたが、世襲が固定化されると能力と継承資格との関係は次第に希薄となっていった。
- And yet, before the Ritsuryo system and in early Seshu the competence of successors also mattered, but as hereditary was established, the competence became less related to qualification of the successors.
- 9日、尾張に流されていた師高が、清盛の家人の襲撃を受けて惨殺、成親は一旦は助命されて備前国に配流されるが、食物を与えられず殺害されてしまった。
- On July 13, Morotaka, who has been exiled to Owari, was attacked by followers of Kiyomori and brutally killed, and although Narichika was saved and exiled to Bizen Province, he was starved to death.
- 1863年(文久3年)8月17日(旧暦)、天誅組が五條代官所を襲撃、代官鈴木源内を殺害し倒幕運動の烽火を上げたことでも知られる(天誅組の変)。
- It is also known for an incident where tenchu-gumi (royalist party to inflict punishment) assaulted the Gojo daikansho and killed the daikan (local governor), Gennai SUZUKI on September 29, 1863, which lighted a signal fire of the movement to overthrow the Shogunate (Tenchu-gumi incident).
- 乙名が惣村の構成員から年功序列で選出されたのに対し、沙汰人は領主・荘官の執行人という職を出自とし、またその地位を世襲していた点で異なっていた。
- A point of differentiation between the Otona and satanin was that the members of the Otona were selected by seniority from among the members of the soson, but the satanin was selected from among people who acted as executers on behalf of a lord or a shokan, and its position was transferred by heredity.
- 以前から恨みをもっていた、念仏信者の東条景信が日蓮を襲い、弟子の鏡忍房日暁と信者の工藤吉隆が殺され、日蓮も額を斬られ、左手を骨折、重傷を負う。
- Kagenobu TOJO who was a believer of nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) and had held grudge against Nichiren assaulted him, his disciple Nichigyo KYONINBO and a believer Yoshitaka KUDO were killed and Nichiren was also badly injured, slashed in the forehead, left hand broken.
- 現在台湾の鉄道輸送に対する依存度は低下したが、しかし鉄道網の日本統治時代の鉄道路線をそのまま踏襲し、重要な輸送手段の一つとして使用されている。
- Though dependence upon rail transportation is lower in Taiwan today, the railway lines built during the period of Japanese rule remained as they were and are used as one of the important means of transportation.
- 襲撃を聞いた彦根藩邸からは直ちに人数が送られたが後の祭りで、やむなく死傷者や駕籠、さらには鮮血にまみれ多くの指や耳たぶが落ちた雪まで回収した。
- Although the Hikone Domain sent people to assist immediately when receiving news of the surprise attack, it was too late; they had to recover casualties, the palanquin and even snow on which a number of bloody fingers and earlobes fell.
- そして、江戸藩邸(現在憲政記念館の地)から内堀通り沿いに登城途中の直弼を江戸城外桜田門外(現在の桜田門交差点)で襲撃した(関係者一覧は下記)。
- They attacked Naosuke on the way to the castle from his residence (now the Constitution Memorial Center or 'Kensei-Kinenkan') along Uchibori Street, outside the Sakuradamon Gate (now the Sakuradamon gate crossing); the persons concerned are listed below.
- このため世襲的に伝えられてきたものであるが、明治維新後禄を失ったことにより多くは絶えてしまい伝統芸能としては能の要素として残される程度である。
- Therefore, mai dances have been handed down in a patriarchal way; however after the Meiji Restoration many were lost when their lines of succession were broken and now the remnants of this traditional art only remain as an element of Noh.
- 海運業で財を成した中村準策・準一・準佑が三代にわたって収集した一万点以上の美術品のうち、神戸市の大空襲を運良く免れた2千数百点を収蔵している。
- It keeps two thousand several hundred artworks which fortunately escaped the major air raid on Kobe City out of over the 10,000 artworks collected by the three generations of Junsaku NAKAMURA, Junichi NAKAMURA and Junsuke NAKAMURA who made a fortune in the shipping business.
- 世襲化した守護の守護所としては当該武家の本拠地、あるいはかつての国衙所在地である府中、その他交通・商業の要所などに置かれるケースが多く見られた。
- Shogosho for hereditary Shugo were often placed in the home ground of the said samurai family, in Fuchu (provincial cities which consist of local governments as the core of the city), where the seat of the Kokuga was, or in other important spots for transportation or business.
- 本来は正規外に中下級身分からの人材登用の役目を担っていた紀伝・文章生が貴族子弟によって独占されて、文章博士以下の世襲が進行するきっかけとなった。
- It triggered the monopoly of kiden no sho and monjosho, which played a role in recruiting talents from the middle- and low-classes through different processes from regular appointments, by sons of the nobles, resulting in their hereditary positions, monjo hakase and below.
- また砲撃に対抗してこちらも砲撃したり、塙直之が蜂須賀至鎮に夜襲をしかけ戦果をあげたが(17日)、劣勢であることは否めず、和議に応ずることになる。
- In the exchanges of fire Naoyuki BAN achieved a good military result by attacking Yoshishige HACHISUKA at night (17th), however, the Toyotomi side, still being on the back foot, agreed to have peace negotiations (the old calendar).
- これらの特色は後期の、実際には講義とはかかわりを持たなかった抄物においても踏襲されるなど、抄物というジャンルを特色づけるものとして扱われている。
- These are treated as a distinct genre of shomono, and are followed by later works which have, in fact, nothing to do with lectures.
- これらの家系は独自に「家例」「諸司例」といった実践的な規律を蓄積し高度に専門化することによって、中世において特定官職をほぼ世襲するようになった。
- These family lines respectively accumulated practical disciplines such as 'karei' (family customs) and 'shoshi rei' (officials customs) and became highly specialized, and in the medieval period, they assumed certain job grades almost by heredity.
- しかしなかには能力と功績が認められると正規の幕臣として取り立てられ、武家として称氏(氏姓、苗字を名乗ること)・帯刀・世襲が許される場合もあった。
- Some of these hirees, however, did earn recognition for their abilities and achievements, and were promoted to the status of full retainers and granted family names, allowed to carry swords, and given hereditary rights to their status.
- 庚午事変(こうごじへん)は、1870年に当時の徳島藩淡路島洲本城下で洲本市在住の蜂須賀氏臣の武士が、家老稲田邦植の別邸や学問所などを襲った事件。
- Kogo Jihen was an incident in which vassals of the Hachisuka clan, who lived in Sumoto City, attacked the second residence of chief retainer Kunitane Inada and a place of study and other places near the Sumoto-jo Castle on Awaji-shima Island, Tokushima domain of that time in 1870.
- 河野敏鎌は議員の地位を世襲とせず、華族による互選を主張したが、伊藤は「今世襲議員を貴族院より除くは取も直さず世襲貴族を廃するに同じ」と拒絶した。
- However, Togama KONO insisted on internal elections within the peerage, rather than the position of the councilors being heredity; but Ito rejected it by saying 'Removing hereditary peerage councilors from Kizokuin means abolishing the system of the hereditary peers.'
- 興宣大院君派の扇動によって政権を担当していた閔妃一族の政府高官や、日本人軍事顧問、日本公使館員らが殺害され、日本公使館が襲撃を受けた事件である。
- In this incident, with the abetment by Heungseon Daewongun group, government high officials of Queen Min's family members who were in charge of administration, killed Japanese military advisors and Japanese legations were killed and the Japanese Legation was raided.
- 甲賀武士達は山中でその地の利を生かしてさまざまな奇襲をかけ、また時には夜陰に義尚の本陣に迫って火や煙を放つなど、さんざん幕府軍を苦しめたという。
- It is said that Koga warriors took a geographical advantage in the mountains to make various surprise attacks against the bakufu army and tormented them by using fire and smoke on Yoshihisa's headquarters during the night.
- これと八省百官の制定によって官僚制への移行が行われた(しかし祭祀などの面では、中臣氏がこれを行うと言う様に世襲制が残った役職もあった様である)。
- This and institution of the Hassho hyakkan prompted transition to the bureaucracy (however, it appears that a post was present where the hereditary system remained, such as the religious service of which the Nakatomi clan was in charge).
- また、当初は幕閣の中にも「夜中に秘かに吉良を襲撃するは夜盗と変わる事なし」と唱え、磔獄門を主張した者もいたといわれている(『柳沢家秘蔵実記』)。
- It is said that there were people from the Cabinet who claimed that 'the fact they secretly made the raid into Kira's in the middle of the night is no different than thieves stealing things during the night,' and thus they deserved decapitation and exposure of their heads at the prison gates ('Yanagisawake Hizo Jikki' (Yanagisawa's treasured record)).
- 1876年10月24日深夜、敬神党が各隊に分かれて、熊本鎮台司令官種田政明宅、熊本県令安岡良亮宅を襲撃し、種田・安岡ほか県庁役人4名を殺害した。
- At midnight, October 24, 1876, the Keishin-to party split into units, then attacked the residence of Masaaki TANEDA, the Kumamoto Chindai Army Commander, and the residence of Ryosuke YASUOKA, the Governor of Kumamoto Prefecture, and killed four prefectural government officials as well as TANEDA AND YASUOKA.
- 1963年(昭和38年)水野つる女に幼少から師事し、地唄を主とした上方舞を学んでいた内弟子が四世篠塚梅扇を襲名して家元を継承、篠塚流を再興した。
- In 1963, an apprentice who learnt 'kamigata-mai dance' mainly jiuta dancing under Tsurujo MIZUNO from his childhood, succeeded to the professional name of Baisen SHINOZUKA (the 4th) and the Iemoto, and revived the Shinozuka school.
- 清盛の前に引き出された信頼は自己弁護をするが、信西殺害・三条殿襲撃の首謀者であり最後まで武装して参戦していたことから、戦闘員とみなされ処刑された。
- When he was hauled before Kiyomori, Nobuyori did try to justify his actions, but given that he was the ringleader in the death of Shinzei and the assault on Sanjo Palace, and had taken up arms and fought in the battle right up until the very moment of defeat, he was judged an enemy of war and executed.
- 後に公田そのものが官務を世襲した小槻氏の事実上の所領と化して、そこから地子稲及び地子交易で得られた物資が太政官の経費として捻出されるようになった。
- Later on, Koden became territories of the Ozuki clan who took over the official position, and rice taxes from these territories, as well as commodities obtained through Jishi Koeki were spent as expenses for the Daijokan.
- そのような中、前の敗戦で面目躍如に燃える森長可や池田恒興らが、秀吉の甥である三好秀次(豊臣秀次)を総大将に擁して4月6日、三河奇襲作戦を開始した。
- Among that Nagayoshi MORI and Tsuneoki IKEDA, who were eager to restore reputation from former defeat, started a surprise attack of Mikawa, having Hidetsugu MIYOSHI (Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI), a nephew of Hideyoshi, a commander in chief on April 6.
- 義経は、捕らえた昌俊からこの襲撃が頼朝の命であることを聞き出すと、これを獄門し同じく頼朝と対立していた叔父の源行家と共に京で頼朝打倒の旗を挙げた。
- After Yoshitsune knew that the attack was ordered by Yoritomo through the interrogation of Masatoshi, who was captured in combat, he publicly executed Masatoshi, and in Kyoto stood in rebellion to defeat Yoritomo with his uncle MINAMOTO no Yukiie, who was also opposing Yoritomo.
- 頼義が頼時の子である安倍貞任(さだとう)に頼義方の陣営を襲撃した嫌疑をかけたため、頼時が父子の情愛から蜂起を決意、安倍氏の優位に戦いが進んだこと。
- Because Yoriyoshi suspected ABE no Sadato, son of Yoritoki, of having attacked the camp of Yoriyoshi's forces, Yoritoki resolved to revolt out of love for his son and the Abe clan gained superiority in the ensuing battle.
- これは後に『種玉編次抄』(宗祇)、『弄花抄』(肖柏)、『細流抄』(三条西実隆)などによって部分的に手直しされることもあったが概ね踏襲されていった。
- Later works such as 'Shugyoku henji sho' (by Sogi), 'Rokasho'(by Shohaku) and 'Sairyusho'(by Sanetaka SANJONISHI), although they made minor alterations to parts, generally followed the chronology.
- 西国各地を襲撃して朝廷に勲功評価の条件闘争を仕掛け、これを脅かしたが、平将門の乱を収拾して西国に軍事力を集中させた朝廷軍の追討を受けて滅ぼされた。
- Sumitomo made several attacks as a conditional strike for merits against the Imperial Court in several places in Saigoku (the western part of Japan), but he was defeated and killed by the Imperial army which was able to concentrate its military power in Saigoku after putting an end to the war against TAIRA no Masakado.
- (1)代々同じ家が就任する世襲名主制、(2)一年ごとに交代する年番名主制、(3)その中間型(世襲ではないがある者が複数年勤める形)の3つがあった。
- There were three selection procedures for the position: (1) the Heredity Nanushi system would require the legacy in a member of the same family having successively assumed an office in a Nanushi or Shoya position; (2) the Nenban Nanushi system required a yearly family rotation; (3) the final procedural type was a hybrid of the former two (This type was not heredity, but certain persons served in the position for several years).
- ビートたけしがフライデー襲撃事件を起こした際、取調中に捜査員から食事を促されたときに「取調べで食事といえばあれしか無いだろう」とカツ丼を注文した。
- In custodial interrogation with regard to his violent assault of the editors of the popular magazine 'Friday,' when told to have a meal by the detective, Takeshi BEAT ordered a katsudon, saying 'when it comes to food during interrogation, I can think nothing but that.'
- 2009年以降も桂春菜の3代目桂春蝶、笑福亭小つるの笑福亭枝鶴、桂つく枝の5代目桂文三など、長く途絶えていた大名跡や著名な名跡の襲名が控えている。
- In 2009 grand household or famous names which have been long in disuse were expected to be assumed: Haruna KATSURA will be rechristened Shuncho KATSURA III, Kotsuru SHOFUKUTEI Shikaku SHOFUKUTEI, and Tsukushi KATSURA Bunzo KATSURA V.
- 現在もそれらを踏襲する名神高速道路・新名神高速道路・北陸自動車道・国道1号・国道8号・国道21号や東海道新幹線・東海道本線・草津線・北陸本線が通る。
- Roads and railways that have adhered to the roads mentioned above go through the area: Meishin Expressway, Shin Meishin Expressway, Hokuriku Expressway, Route 1, Route 8, and Route 21, and Tokaido Shinkansen, JR Tokaido Main Line, JR Kusatsu Line, and Hokuriku Main Line.
- 当時は摂関家が政治の上層を独占する摂関政治が展開し、中流・下流貴族は特定の官職を世襲してそれ以上の昇進が望めない、といった家職の固定化が進んでいた。
- At that time, the regency government that Sekkan-ke (the families which produced the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor) monopolized the highest level of political power was developed and the forming social standing and fixing family business and trade were undergoing so the nobility in the middle lower class only inherited a specific government post and could not ask any more promotion.
- 頼芸が兄土岐政頼との家督相続に敗れると、勘九郎は密かに策を講じ、大永7年8月、政頼を革手城に急襲して越前へ追いやり、頼芸の守護補任に大きく貢献した。
- When Yorinari lost to his older brother Masayori TOKI in a succession struggle, Kankuro (Dosan) secretly plotted a sudden attack against Masayori at Kawate-jo Castle and drove him out to Echizen, which greatly contributed to Yorinari's assignment to shugo.
- この時、有間皇子は母の小足媛の実家の阿部氏の水軍を頼りにし、天皇達を急襲するつもりだったという説が最近出てきている(森浩一『万葉集の考古学』など)。
- Recently, a hypothesis (written in 'Manyoshu no Kokogaku' (The Archaeology of Manyoshu) by Koichi MORI, and so on) that Arima no miko might have intended to raid the Empress and those around her using the suigun (small sea force attached to a feudal lord) of the Abe clan, the home of Otarashihime, Arima no miko's mother.
- しかし、襲撃後の現場には尾張徳川家など後続の大名駕籠が続々と通りかかり、鮮血にまみれた雪は多くの人に目撃され、大老暗殺は瞬時に江戸市中に知れ渡った。
- However, the scene of the attack had been witnessed by the Owari Tokugawa family, who had been following the daimyo palanquins that day, and also many people had seen the snow covered in blood, so knowledge of the Tairo's assassination spread quickly throughout Edo.
- 通説では織田・徳川連合軍3万8000(うち鳶ヶ巣山強襲部隊3000)、武田軍1万5000(うち鳶ヶ巣山に残した部隊3000)となっているが諸説ある。
- A standard theory is that the Oda-Tokugawa allied forces comprised 38,000 men (of which 3,000 took part in the raid on Mt. Tobigasu), whereas the Takeda force was made up with 15,000 (of which 3,000 were left on Mt. Tobigasu) although there are other theses.
- ただし広開土王碑や、『三国史記』・『三国遺事』といった、朝鮮側の資料には、「オキナガナラシヒメあるいは倭女王の来襲」などという記述は全く見られない。
- However, there is no description such as 'Attacks by Okinagarashihime or the Queen of Wa' on the Gwanggaeto Stele and Korean materials including 'Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms),' and 'Sangokuiji Yusa (an Anecdotal History of the Three Kingdoms in Ancient Korea).'
- そして彼らは、ソウル特別市から仁川広域市に至るまでの間に、たびたび暴徒の襲撃を受けて死傷者を出しながら難を逃れて、イギリスの測量船で長崎へ避難した。
- Although mobs attacked them again and again on their way from Seoul special city to Incheon Metropolitan City and their casualties increased, they finally got out of trouble and escaped to Nagasaki with the help of a British survey ship.
- だが、太平洋戦争の激化にともない劇場の閉鎖や上演演目の制限など規制が行われ歌舞伎の興行も困難になり、空襲で劇場が焼失するなど物的人的被害も多かった。
- However, as the Pacific War intensified, Kabuki performances became difficult owing to the authorities' regulations, such as the closure of theaters & the restriction on performance programs, and casualties & property damages in the Kabuki community, such as the theaters' burning down by air raids, piled up.
- 日本武術以外の芸道の流派では、開祖の家系により、家元の宗家の地位を世襲する一子相伝(全伝)の流派継承と門人への流派免許を与える家元制がとられている。
- In ryuha other than those of the Japanese martial arts, there are two Iemoto systems, one where the founder's family inherits the Iemoto Soke position, known as Isshi Soden, and the other where a school license is granted to a student.
- 対して26日未明、佐々友房・深野一三らが指揮する約60名の攻撃隊が矢筈岳の官軍を急襲したが、官軍の銃撃の前に後退し、熊本隊はやむなく大口へと後退した。
- Before dawn of May 26, an attack troop with a strength of 60 led by Tomofusa SASSA and Kazumi FUKANO raided the government army in Mt. Yahazu but was pushed back by gun attacks, and the Kumamoto-tai troop was forced to retreat to Oguchi.
- 清朝軍によって襲撃・夜襲を仕掛けられることはあったものの、時折休戦が差し挟まれ、その間公使団と清朝とは話し合いをもったため休息することが可能であった。
- While there were surprise and night attacks by the Qing dynasty army, there were periods of cease-fire in between and people were able to rest while the group of envoys and Qing dynasty held meetings.
- 岩倉が軽傷と知ってひとまず安心するが、不平士族による政府高官の襲撃という事態を重く見た大久保は、ただちに警視庁大警視川路利良に早急な犯人捜索を命じた。
- Okubo was relieved to hear Iwakura's injury was slight one, but as he was strongly concerned about the fact the assault was made to a high government official by the Fuheishizoku, he told Toshiyoshi KAWAJI, the Daikeishi (top of the police) to search for the criminals.
- 無罪判決となるも、提出物は裁判が終了してもすぐに返還がかなわず、それら原本は太平洋戦争中の空襲により『吉備津彦命兵法之巻』などを焼失したとされている。
- Although a decision of 'not guilty' was obtained, the submitted materials were not returned immediately after the conclusion of the trial and the original documents such as '吉備津彦命兵法之巻' were were reportedly destroyed by firebecause of air raids during the Pacific War.
- 圧倒的に優勢な平氏は(見方によっては)ほとんど武装解除に近い状態にあったところを源氏に襲われて(まともな合戦にもならず)大敗を喫したということになる。
- The Taira clan possessed overwhelmingly superior power over the Minamoto clan but was subsequently made vulnerable (by some viewpoints) when they were surprisingly attacked by the Minamoto clan (there was limited fighting during the battle), and the Taira clan then lost the battle, suffering a massive defeat.
- 当初は苗字帯刀も許されず、例外的に護身用の脇差だけを持つ事が許されたが、三河譜代の黒鍬については、世襲が許され、後には御家人の最下層格の扱いを受けた。
- At first, kurokuwa were not permitted to adopt a surname or wear a pair of swords except for a short sword for self-defense, but those kurokuwa of fudai in Mikawa Province were allowed hereditary succession and were treated as the lowest rank of Gokenin (shogunal retainers of the Kamakura bakufu) later.
- また、1963年に中国地方を襲った昭和38年1月豪雪で、中国山地の農村から一家で離村し、高度経済成長期の広島市に移住した農家の主婦が開業した例も多い。
- And due to the extraordinarily heavy snowfall which struck the Chugoku region in January 1963, many families left farming villages in mountain areas of the Chugoku region and moved to Hiroshima City during the high economic growth period, where many farmers' wives opened shops.
- 同じような主題や図様、独特の技法を意識的に選択・踏襲することで流派のアイデンティティを保持する一方で、絵師独自の発見と解釈が加わり再構成されていった。
- While the Rinpa school maintained its identity by deliberately choosing and following similar subjects, design and unique technique, artists added their own discoveries and interpretations to augment the existing style.
- 日本においても大日本帝国憲法下では天皇家の皇位始め(万世一系)、身分(華族・士族・平民)の世襲が定められており、これを打破するには閨閥を繋ぐ他なかった。
- In Japan, the Constitution of the Empire of Japan stipulated the heredity of the Imperial throne of the Imperial family (unbroken line), and the heredity of a person's social status such as member of the peerage, warrior class or commoner; the only way to overcome this system of differentiation was through marriage and claiming a connection by blood line.
- 日露戦争の戦闘は、1904年2月8日、旅順港に配備されていたロシア旅順艦隊(太平洋艦隊 (ロシア帝国海軍))に対する日本海軍駆逐艦の奇襲攻撃に始まった。
- Russo-Japanese War started was initiated by Japan with a surprise attack on the Russian Pacific Fleet (Lushun Fleet) stations in the port of Lushun on February 8th, 1904.
- 現在の考古学は箸墓古墳を卑弥呼の墓の最有力候補と見ているから、倭迹迹日百襲媛命(やまとととひももそひめのみこと)は卑弥呼の有力な候補の1つと考えられる。
- According to today's archaeology, the Hashihaka Tumulus is the most probable resting place of Himiko, so Yamatototohimomoso Hime no Mikoto is considered the most likely person to be identified with Himiko.
- 義材は前将軍義尚の政策を踏襲し、丹波国、山城国など、畿内における国一揆に対応するため、1491年(延徳3年)、六角討伐を継承するなど軍事的強化を図った。
- Yoshiki followed the policies of the former shogun Yoshihisa and tried to increase his military strength, by taking over the campaign against the Rokkaku house in 1491 to deal with uprisings like in Tanba and Yamashiro provinces in the Kinai region.
- なお4年後の明治11年(1878年)、喰違見附のすぐ先にある紀尾井坂で、大久保利通が石川県士族島田一郎らに襲撃されて、暗殺されている(→紀尾井坂の変)。
- Four years later, in 1878, Toshimichi OKUBO was assassinated by a group of shizoku from Ishikawa Prefecture, including Ichiro SHIMADA, at the Kioizaka (Kioizaka Incident), which was just ahead from Kuichigai Mitsuke.
- 道長についての記述に賞賛が多く見られることが特徴として挙げられるが、彼の晩年を襲った病苦や、摂関政治の裏面を生きる敗者の悲哀をも詳らかに描き出している。
- It is said that a defining characteristic is the admiration seen in the descriptions of Michinaga, but it also clearly shows his suffering due to illness in his later years and even the pains of living in defeat under the Regency government.
- 2006(平成18)年には三代目中村鴈治郎が上方における伝説的名跡の坂田藤十郎を四代目として襲名、埋もれた狂言の復活上演など話題を呼ぶことも多くなった。
- In 2006 Ganjiro NAKAMURA IV succeeded Tojuro SAKATA, which is a legendary name in Kamigata, as yondaime (IV), and talk including revival performances of old program increased.
- 太平洋戦争末期には、連合国の海上封鎖と空襲、働き盛りの男性が徴兵されたことによる労働力不足のために、日本は深刻な食糧難と物資不足に見舞われることになる。
- At the end of the Pacific War, Japan suffered serious shortages of food and supplies due to sea blockades and air raids by allied nations, and a labor shortage because of the military draft of men in their most productive years.
- 有力な後盾を失った福助は、1941年(昭和16年)10月歌舞伎座において、前述の初菊、『浮世柄比翼稲妻(鈴が森)』の権八などで六代目中村芝翫を襲名した。
- Fukusuke lost the dominant backing, but he succeeded to Shikan NAKAMURA VII by acting the previously cited Hatsugiku and Gonpachi of 'Ukiyozuka Hiyoku no Inazuma' at the Kabuki-za Theater in October, 1941.
- 外敵に襲われた時、捉えられた足を切り放して逃げることができ、その後、足は再生するが、時折2本に分かれて生えることもあり、8本超の足を持つタコも存在する。
- When attacked by an enemy, the octopus can cut loose the captured leg which is later regenerated, but at times this can grow into two legs, and an octopus with more than 8 legs is not uncommon.
- 大日本帝国憲法制定に際し、伊藤博文は『憲法義解』の中で「官が家に属し、族によって職を世襲」する陋習(すなわち、家職)を臣民権利義務規定に反するものとした。
- Upon the ratification of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, Hirobumi ITO wrote in the 'Kenpo Gikai' that the custom of 'officials affiliated with an Ie and passing down positions amongst their clan,' in other words, Kashoku, was against the rights and obligations of the people.
- このことから、襲津彦は特定の実在人物ではなく、4・5世紀に対朝鮮外交や軍事に携わった葛城地方の豪族たちの姿が象徴・伝説化された英雄であったと見る説もある。
- For these reasons, some theories view that he was a fictious hero figure that was symbolized and turned into a legend by the Gozoku (local ruling family) in the Kazuraki region, who were invloved in diplomacy with Korea, and military affiars during the 4th and 5th century.
- 初めは懐良親王ら南朝勢力の討伐に任じられた今川貞世(了俊)が就くが、了俊が九州で独自の勢力を築くと幕府に警戒され、了俊が解任された後は渋川氏の世襲となる。
- Initially, Sadayo IMAGAWA (Ryoshun), who had been ordered to subdue Nancho powers such as Imperial Prince Kanenaga, assumed the position, but the Bakufu feared that Ryoshun would establish his own power in Kyushu; after Ryoshun was dismissed, descendants of the Shibukawa clan succeeded in the position.
- 九州年号は鶴峰戊申が、邪馬台国=熊襲説(倭の五王も熊襲の王とする)を述べた著書『鶴峰戊申襲国偽僣考』のなかで、それらを熊襲の年号として考証したものである。
- Shigenobu TSURUMI researched the Kyushu era against Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district) era in his book, 'Tsurumi Shigenobu Sonokunigisenko' which states that Yamatai-koku kingdom corresponds to Kumaso (he also advocates that the five kings of Wa corresponded to the kings of kumaso).
- 襲撃者は高知県士族で、もと外務省に出仕していた武市熊吉ほか、武市喜久馬、山崎則雄、島崎直方、下村義明、岩田正彦、中山泰道、中西茂樹、沢田悦弥太の総勢9人。
- The assault team consisted of nine people, Kumakichi TAKECHI who had been a shizoku (a samurai-oriented family) from Kochi Prefecture and worked at Ministry of Foreign Affairs as well as Kikuma TAKECHI, Norio YAMAZAKI, Naokata SHIMAZAKI, Yoshiaki SHIMOMURA, Masahiko IWATA, Yasumichi NAKAYAMA, Shigeki NAKANISHI and 悦弥太 SAWADA.
- 天満屋事件(てんまやじけん)は、海援隊 (浪士結社)士/陸援隊士らが京都油小路通の旅籠・天満屋を襲撃して、紀州藩士三浦安を襲い、新選組と戦った事件である。
- The Tenmanya Incident was an incident in which members of Kaientai (an association of roshi (masterless samurai) organized by Ryoma SAKAMOTO) (Roshi association) and Rikuentai (an association of roshi organized by Shintaro NAKAOKA) assaulted a hatago (inn with meals) on Aburanokoji-dori Street, Kyoto called Tenmanya, attacking Yasushi MIURA, who was a feudal retainer of the Kishu Domain, and fought a battle against Shinsengumi (group that guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate).
- しかし、腕を天下に披露したい武芸者の堀部らは吉良邸への討ち入りを主張したのに対し、主君への報恩第一の寵臣片岡らは行列襲撃してでも即時の吉良殺害を主張した。
- However, those who wanted to show off their skills to the world, such as Horibe, demanded for the raid into Kira's residence whereas others, such as Kataoka, who received favor from their lord, wanted to kill Kira immediately even if it meant attacking the procession.
- また第二次世界大戦末期に日本全土が大規模な空襲に見舞われたが、これへの対処策として2枚の座布団を組み合わせた防空頭巾で頭部や肩を落下物の衝突から保護した。
- In addition, towards the end of World War II, Japan was subject to large scale air raids nationwide and one protective measure taken was to use two zabuton together make an 'air raid hood' to protect the head and neck from falling objects
- 91歳の時、甲府(甲府市金手(かねんて)町)の教安寺に七観音像(甲府空襲で焼失)を残し、甲斐善光寺において阿弥陀如来図を書き残してから木喰は消息を絶った。
- When in his ninety-first year, he produced and left Seven Kannon Statues (destroyed by fire in a Kofu air-raid) at Kyoan-ji Temple in Kofu (Kanente-cho, Kofu City,) and created an Amida Nyorai-zu (a picture of Amitabha Tathagata) at Kai-Zenko-ji Temple and then he disappeared.
- しかし「沙至比跪」の逸話が史実と見なせるかには疑問の余地があり、これを考慮すると、『書紀』の襲津彦像は総じて没個性的で、各々の記事間にも脈絡がほとんどない。
- However, there is controversy as to whether the legend of 'Hisachiku' can be thought of a historical fact; if we take this into account, Sotsuhiko described in 'Nihonshoki' seems overall to be lacking in personality and articles referring to him do not seem to show coherence in their descriptions.
- さらに探索に於いて長州藩・土佐藩・肥後藩等の尊王派が古高逮捕をうけて襲撃計画の実行・中止について協議する会合が池田屋か四国屋に於いて行われる事を突き止める。
- Furthermore, the search revealed that the loyalists from the Choshu, Tosa, and Higo clans were planning to hold a meeting at Ikedaya or Shikokuya to discuss whether or not to go forward with the plan of attack after hearing about the arrest of FURUTAKA.
- なお、太郎、次郎・・・という名は必ずしも出生順と一致せず、例えば宇喜多秀家は次男であるが「八郎」であったり、茶屋四郎次郎のように代々襲名される場合もあった。
- Names such as Taro and Jiro do no always correspond to the order in which they are born. For example, although Hideie UKITA was a second son, his childhood name was 'Hachiro' (meaning the 'eighth' son), and in other cases, a predecessor's name was handed down, as seen in the case of Shirojiro CHAYA.
- 前期王朝国家において、田堵負名層は在庁官人として国衙の行政実務に協力する一方で、しばしば一国単位に結集して朝廷への上訴や受領襲撃といった反受領闘争を行った。
- In the early dynastic nation-state, the tato and fumyo class cooperated with kokuga's administrative affairs as local officials but at the same time, they often gathered country by country to appeal to the Imperial Court or to wage anti-zuryo conflicts such as attacks against zuryo.
- しかし、これを九州を大回りして水行し南下する意味に捉えたとしても、邪馬台国の位置は中南部九州内陸に求めることとなり、後の熊襲の地に邪馬台国があることになる。
- However, even if this can be understood as going southward on the sea rounding Kyushu, it leads to the location of Yamatai in south-central Kyushu, which means that Yamatai would have been located in the same place as Kumaso in a later era.
- 1884年(明治17年)5月15日、淘綾郡山下村の近藤甚蔵ほか10名が同郡一色村の高利貸露木卯三郎とその雇人露木幸助を大磯宿の旅館川崎屋に襲って両人を斬殺。
- On May 15, 1884, Jinzo KONDO and other 10 people in Yamashita Village, Yurugi County attacked Usaburo TSUYUKI, a usurer in Isshiki Village in that county, and his employee Kosuke TSUYUKI at an inn called Kawasakiya in Oiso-juku, and murdered them with a sword.
- なお、この飢饉は自然発生的なものではなく、源頼朝・木曽義仲の挙兵や平氏の福原遷都によって都への貢米が押しとどめられ、食糧難に襲われたものであると想像される。
- However, it is assumed that this famine was not brought about naturally but was caused by a shortage of food that had occurred because, in addition to the transfer of the national capital to Fukuhara by the Taira clan, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and Yoshinaka KISO took up arms, and rice as render was not carried to the capital.
- その直後に宗良親王、新田義興・新田義宗、北条時行などの南朝方から襲撃された尊氏は武蔵国へ退却するが、すぐさま反撃し関東の南朝勢力を制圧すると、京都へ戻った。
- Soon after Tadayoshi's death, being attacked by the Southern Court forces represented by Prince Muneyoshi, Yoshioki NITTA, Yoshimune NITTA and Tokiyuki HOJO, Takauji retreated to Musashi Province, but soon returned to Kyoto to defeat the Southern forces.
- こうして護衛の注意を前方に引きつけておいたうえで、黒沢忠三郎(関鉄之介という説あり)が合図の拳銃を駕籠にめがけて発射し、本隊による駕籠への襲撃が開始された。
- With the guards at the front thus distracted, Chuzaburo KUROSAWA (possibly Tetsunosuke SEKI) fired a shot toward the palanquin which signalled the start of the main attack.
- 世襲(せしゅう)とは、親の手にしている特定の地位や肩書き(官位や爵位など)、職業等を、その子や係累が引き継ぎ、それによって社会的な権力や権限を得ることである。
- Heredity means that a specific status or title (e.g. official rank, peerage) held by a parent or their occupation or the like is passed on to their children, family members or in-laws, thus ensuring that such successors obtain social power and authority.
- 10月17日_(旧暦)、土佐坊ら六十余騎が京の義経邸を襲った(堀川夜討)が、自ら門戸を飛び出してきて応戦する義経に行家が加わり、合戦は襲撃側の敗北に終わった。
- On October 17 (old lunar calendar), Tosanobo and more than 60 warriors on horseback attacked the residence of Yoshitsune (Horikawa Night Raid) in Kyoto, however, Yukiie joined the fight when he saw that Yoshitsune himself was fighting back outside the gate of his residence, and finally they defeated the assailants.
- 翌1864年(元治元年)、新選組が長州藩の攘夷激派を襲撃した池田屋事件の後に長州藩は京都の軍事的奪回を図り、禁裏を侵して会津藩・桑名藩などの幕府側と衝突した。
- The following year, 1864, Choshu Domain, after the Ikedaya-Incident which was a bloody raid by Shinsengumi against the patriots of Joi (principle of excluding foreigners) group of Choshu Domain, clashed with the supporters of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) including Aizu Domain and Kuwana Domain trying to recapture Kyoto by using the military force and attacking Kinri (the Imperial Palace).
- 特に本願寺教団では法主が世襲して宗教的権威を誇り、門徒の喜捨を集め、「後生御免」という一種の免状発行権を独占したという点で家元制度に近いものとだと考えられる。
- In particular, Hongan-ji school is thought to bear a resemblance to the iemoto system, in that hoshu with hereditary religious authority collects almsgiving by monto and has the exclusive right to issue a kind of certificate called a 'goshogomen' (permission for happiness in the next life).
- 応永の外寇(おうえいのがいこう、朝鮮では己亥東征と称す)とは、日本史の時代区分では室町時代の1419年(応永26年)に起きた、李氏朝鮮軍による対馬国襲撃をさす。
- The Oei Invasion (known in Korea as the Gihae Eastern Expedition, with Gihae being a reference to the year 1419) refers to a raid on the Japanese island of Tsushima by Joseon Korean forces that occurred in 1419 (the 26th year of the Oei era, from which the Japanese name is taken), meaning that it took place during the Muromachi period according to the standard classification of Japanese history.
- 礼を言うために大村のいる旅館を訪れる直前、親友(万里小路通房)が駆け込んできて長談義となり、その間に大村益次郎が襲撃されるという事件が起こっている(明治2年)。
- Just before he visited the inn where Omura was staying to thank him, his best friend (Michifusa MADENOKOJI) came rushing in and they talked for a long time, during which time Masujiro OMURA was attacked (1869).
- 道長は藤原北家の全盛期を築き、摂関政治の崩壊後も彼の子孫のみが摂関職を代々世襲し、本流から五摂家と九清華家のうち三家(花山院家・大炊御門家・醍醐家)を輩出した。
- Michinaga built the glory days of the Fujiwara Hokke Family, and even after the collapse of the regency government, his descendents alone became Regents and Senior Regents by hereditary succession, and from the main line, the 5 Sekke Families and three families (Kazanin-ke, Oinomikado-ke, Daigo-ke) of the 9 Seigake Families developed.
- 稲田側こうした一連の行動に怒った本藩側の一部過激派藩士らが、明治3年5月13日_(旧暦)(1870年6月11日)、洲本城下の稲田家とその藩士らの屋敷を襲撃した。
- One group of radical retainers on the Honpan side, who got upset about a series of unacceptable conduct of the INADA side, attacked the residences of the Inada family's and their retainers' near the Sumoto-jo Castle on June 11, 1870.
- 今回の襲撃は法皇自らが戦意を持って兵を集め、義仲もまた法皇を攻撃対象とし、院を守護する官軍が武士により完膚なきまでに叩き潰されたと言う点でかつてないものであった。
- The attack this time was unprecedented in that the cloistered emperor with a will to fight gathered soldiers himself while Yoshinaka made the cloistered emperor the target of attack, and that the Imperial army guarding the cloistered emperor was knocked to smithereens.
- しかし、ここで名前の挙げられている山名は、江戸時代前期に記された「雍州府志」における「山川門」の記述を踏襲したものにすぎず、実状にそぐわないものも少なくなかった。
- However, the mountain names listed here were just copied from statements of 'Yamakawamon' in 'Yoshufushi' (a geographical description of Yamashiro Province), compiled in the early Edo period, thus many of those names are inconsistent with the reality.
- 広く一般的に知られる中間は上記どおりだが、藩に正式に採用されてる家(世襲で藩に仕え、苗字帯刀が許されてるもの)や幕末に特殊な事例に用いて採用されたりした物を指す。
- Widely and generally known chugen were as mentioned above, but this special type of chugen refers to those from families who served domains by heredity and had the right to bear a surname and to wear a sword during the Edo period, or those who were formally employed by domains or recruited for special occasions at the end of Edo period.
- 7世紀後半の九州南部はヤマト王権(朝廷)の勢力が及んでいたものの支配体制は完全ではなく、熊襲あるいは隼人と呼ばれる住民が多くの集団に分かれて割拠する状況であった。
- By the latter half of the seventh century, the power of Yamato sovereignty (Imperial court) had reached southern Kyushu but the ruling system was not yet perfected so that many groups of residents, called Kumaso or Hayato, defended their own local authority.
- 襲撃を主張する者は元老西園寺を「君側の奸」の最たるものと見なしていたのに対し、否定派は西園寺を天皇とのパイプとして利用することを表向きの口実としていたと言われる。
- It is said that those who advocated the attack viewed Genro Saionji as a prime example of a 'wily vassal surrounding the Emperor,' while those who opposed used an outward excuse of exploiting Saionji as a pipe between the Emperor.
- 天慶2年(939年)12月、純友は部下の藤原文元に備前国介藤原子高と播磨国介島田惟幹を摂津国須岐駅にて襲撃させ、子高の鼻を削いで捕らえ、妻を奪い、子供らを殺した。
- In December 939, FUJIWARA no Fumimoto, Sumitomo's subordinate, was ordered to attack the lords of Echizen Province, FUJIWARA no Sanetaka and Koremoto SHIMADA, at Suki station in Settsu Province, where he captured Sanetaka and cut off his nose, kidnapped his wife and killed their children.
- 農奴の保有財産は、名目上は領主と借地人(農奴)との合意に基づくものとされていたが、実際には、ほぼ強制的に世襲させられていた(相続時に領主への支払が課せられていた)。
- The estate owned by serfs was notionally based on the agreement between the lords and the tenants (serfs), but in fact was obligatorily succeeded by heredity (on succession, the payment to the lords were imposed).
- 中央・地方のウジは、大王との間に隷属・奉仕の関係を結び、それを前提にして氏上は朝廷における一定の政治的地位や官職・職務に就く資格と、それを世襲する権利を与えられた。
- The uji in the capital and local provinces established a relationship with the great king of vassalage and service, and on this premise, they were given the license to take up fixed political standings and government posts/duties along with the right to make them hereditary.
- 寛文7年(1667年)の近江国甲賀武士が奉行に差し出した書状には、甲賀21家が援軍として駆け付け、夜襲・焼き討ちにより、鵜殿藤太郎の首を討ち取った武功について記載。
- The letter sent from Koga bushi in Omi Province to the bugyo (magistrate) in 1667 describes the achievement of Koganijuikke (twenty one families of Koga school) that they came as support arms and decapitated Totaro UDONO by night raid and fire-setting.
- さらに長く続いた生類憐れみの令のために、鳥も獣も人を恐れることがないから、飢餓で彷徨する人は息のあるうちにさえカラスやトビに襲われ、倒れれば野犬の餌食となったという。
- In addition, due to the persevering law, birds and animals were not afraid of humans and men wandering around due to famine were attacked by crows and kites, becoming the prey of stray dogs if they fell.
- このように、氏姓制度とは、連―伴造―伴(百八十部)という、王のもとでヤマト王権を構成し、職務を分掌し世襲する、いわゆる「負名氏」(なおいのうじ)を主体として生まれた。
- As descried above, the system of clans and hereditary titles was born by making the 'Naoi no Uji' (naming of the title revealing what the person does); people with these titles constituted the Yamato sovereign and took responsibility by working in the various functions which are hereditary and these hereditary titles included Muraji, Tomo no Miyatsuko, Momo Amari Yaso no Tomo in that order in the rank.
- 構成は内側から、小袖(こそで)、大口袴(おおぐちばかま)、単(ひとえ)、表袴(うえのはかま)、下襲(したがさね)、裾(きょ)、袍(ほうえきのほう)、石帯(せきたい)。
- It consists of, from inside to outside, kosode (a kimono with short sleeves worn as underclothing), oguchi bakama (wide-bottomed skirted trousers), hitoe (an unlined kimono), ue no hakama (over trousers), shitagasane (train-robe), kyo (a train of shitagasane), hoeki no ho (the top layer of men's formal court attire), and sekitai (a black leather belt the back of which was embedded with gemstones).
- 束帯の構成は下から、単(ひとえ)・袙(あこめ)・下襲(したがさね)・半臂(はんぴ)・袍(ほう)を着用、袍の上から腰の部位に革製のベルトである石帯(せきたい)を当てる。
- A sokutai is put on in the following order: first a hitoe (a single layer of a kimono that serves as an undergarment) is put on; next, an akome (a layer of clothing worn by nobles beneath their robe but over their undergarments) is put on; next, a shitagasane (long inner robe) is put on; next, a hanpi (short-sleeved or sleeveless undergarment) is put on; next, a ho (outer robe) is put on; and finally a leather belt is put on around the waist on top of the ho.
- 米軍が日本本土の上空から、民間人をも攻撃対象にして空襲を行う頻度が多くなり、1945年の終戦前頃は、地域によってはほぼ毎日、空襲による被害を受けるようになっていった。
- The US forces more frequently launched air raids on civilians from above the Japanese mainland such that before the end of war in 1945, some areas were air-raided almost everyday.
- (皮肉にも徳川家康も征夷大将軍位の徳川氏世襲と秀吉の遺児・秀頼への政権返上の意思が無い事を示すために息子徳川秀忠に将軍を継がせて自らは大御所として政権を運営している。)
- (Ironically, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA transferred the position of 'Seii taishogun' to his son, Hidetada TOKUGAWA and was in charge of politics as 'Ogosho' (a leading figure) in order to show that the Tokugawa clan would inherit the position of 'Seii taishogun' and he would not return the political administration to Hideyori, Hideyoshi's bereaved son.)
- 同様に技術系・学術系の官職においても、陰陽寮の賀茂氏・阿倍氏、大学寮紀伝道(文章博士)の菅原氏・大江氏のように家学の成立を背景とした世襲的な継承が行われるようになった。
- In the same way, technical and academic official positions were also held by certain clans such as the Kamo clan and Abe clan of the Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination), Sugawara clan and Oe clan of the Daigakuryo Kidendo (the study of the histories) (Bunsho hakase) with the background of the establishment of Kagaku.
- そのうちの1人である源頼朝は、6月末頃から河内源氏累代の家人とされる相模・伊豆・武蔵の武士団への呼びかけを始めて、8月17日には、伊豆在住の山木兼隆を襲撃して殺害する。
- One of them, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, from near the end of June started to call to bushi groups in Sagami, Izu and Musashi that were traditionally vassals of the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), and attacked and killed Kanetaka YAMAKI, who lived in Izu, on August 17.
- 多紀連山は、平安時代末期から中世にかけて修験道行場として栄えたが、1482年(文明 (日本)14年)に大峰山(大和修験道)の僧兵の来襲により、寺院はことごとく焼失した。
- Taki mountain range prospered as the practice place of the mountaineering asceticism from the end of Heian period to the Medieval period, but in 1482, all the temples there were burned to ashes in the attack by armed priests from Mt. Omine (Yamato Shugendo [the ascetic and shamanistic practice in Mt. Omine]).
- 1883年(明治16年)10月14日、同郡小易村農民40余名が、同村字丹沢山に集結して竹槍などを持ち出して、同村大森幾太郎、大津定右衛門、鈴木三右衛門らを襲おうと計画。
- On October 14, 1883, more than 40 peasants in Koyasu Village, Osumi County gathered at a place called Tanzawayama in that village and attempted to attack Kitaro OMORI, Sadaemon OTSU, Sanemon SUZUKI and others with bamboo spears.
- この年1月東京歌舞伎座での華やかな十一代目市川團十郎襲名披露に出演し、つづく4月の南座公演で逆に不入りを経験した仁左衛門は、関西歌舞伎の暗澹たる現状に衝撃を受けていた。
- Nizaemon, who had taken part in a spectacular show announcing the succession to Danjuro ICHIKAWA XI in Tokyo Kabuki-za in January 1962, also experienced the small audience for the performance at Minami-za in April and was shocked at the depressing conditions of Kansai Kabuki.
- 歌舞伎興行の低迷ゆえに大阪の新歌舞伎座が、藤十郎と兄九代目宗十郎の襲名披露を最後として、ついに歌舞伎公演から手を引くことになり、これに責任を感じての奮起であったと言う。
- It was said his sense of responsibility was roused by the fact that because of the slump in kabuki performance, the Shinkabuki-za in Osaka decided to withdraw from kabuki performances following the final show to announce the succession to stage name for him and his elder brother Sojuro IX.
- 全体計画の完成には至らず、主に練習場の用途であったが、もう少し戦争が長引いていれば福知山市も空襲の対象になっていたのではないかともいわれるほど、当時の軍事拠点でもあった。
- The whole plan was never completed, and the airport was mainly used for practice, but, it is said that since Fukuchiyama was a military hub at the time, Fukuchiyama City may have been the target of an air attack if the war had persisted a bit longer.
- 1925年12月、京都府警察部特別高等警察課は、全市の警察署高等係を動員して京都帝大・同志社大学などの社研会員の自宅・下宿などを急襲、家宅捜索および学生33名を検束した。
- In December, 1925, the Special Higher Police Division of Kyoto Prefectural Police Department mobilized the Higher Police Division of all the city police to attack and conduct domiciliary searches on the houses and lodgings of all the members of Shaken of Kyoto Imperial University and Doshisha University, and arrested 33 students.
- ところが、2月14日 (旧暦)(同年3月12日)に、突然一条家 (中御門流)の郎党であった中原政経・後藤基清・小野義成が土御門通親の襲撃・暗殺を計画したとして拘束された。
- However, on March 12, the same year, Masatsune NAKAHARA, Motokiyo GOTO, and Yoshinari ONO, all of whom were retainers of the Ichijo family (in the lineage of the Nakamikado family), were suddenly arrested for attempting to attack and kill Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO.
- 『春秋左氏伝』によれば、魯の襄公29(前543)年に、襄公が国を留守にしているのを幸いと、当時公室で政治を牛耳っていた宰相・季武子が公領となっていた村を襲って私有化した。
- According to 'The Zuo Zhuan' (The Chronicle of Zuo), in 543 BC, Chancellor 季武子, who controlled the politics of the house of lords at that time, attacked a village, a public land, to privatize it, taking advantage of Duke Xiang's absence.
- なお、隼人研究家の中村明蔵は、球磨地方と贈於地方の考古学的異質性から、熊襲の本拠は、都城地方や贈於地方のみであり、「クマ」は勇猛さを意味する美称であるとの説を唱えている。
- Akizo NAKAMURA, a scholar of Hayato, advocated a theory that the base of Kumaso was only the regions of Miyakonojo and Soo from the archeological difference of Kuma and Soo regions, and 'Kuma' was a eulogistic name to indicate dauntlessness.
- 二刀流の使い手として藩外にも知られていた河西忠左衛門だけは冷静に合羽を脱ぎ捨てて柄袋を外し、襷をかけて刀を抜き、駕籠脇を守って稲田重蔵を倒すなど襲撃者たちをてこずらせた。
- Only the famous two-sword style fighter, Chuzaemon KASAI, was able to calmly remove his outer coat and sheath cover and release his sword using a cord; he fought hard to protect the palanquin, killing Jyuzo INADA in the process.
- 庵戸神社には、祭神として孝霊天皇の他、倭迹迹日百襲姫命、彦五十狭芹彦命、稚武彦命をはじめとする皇子皇女を含めた計7神が祭られており、毎年10月9日に大祭式例祭が行われる。
- Ioto-jinja Shrine enshrines a total of seven gods including Emperor Korei, and other princes and princesses, such as Yamatototohimomosohime no Mikoto (Princess Yamatototohimomosohime), Hikoisaseribiko no Mikoto (Prince Hikoisaseribiko), and Wakatakehiko no Mikoto (Prince Wakatakehiko); Taisaishikireisai (great annual festival) is held in every October 9.
- だが、平安時代中期に官司請負制の進行とともに官職が一種の利権として認識されて世襲が進むと、こうした教官(博士)の地位を世襲する特定の氏族(「博士家」)が出現するようになる。
- However, in the midst of Heian period, as hereditary government office system developed and the government post, regarded as a kind of interest, became taken over by heredity, particular clans ('hakase family') that took up the post of instructors by heredity emerged.
- 当時の太政官日誌は都市の書店で一般に発売されていたが、各農村にまで配布されておらず、一般国民に対しては、キリスト教の禁止など幕府の旧来の政策を踏襲する五榜の掲示が出された。
- At that time Daijokan nittshi was available at urban book stores, but not distributed in the rural areas yet and to the general public Gobo no keiji (five edict boards) taking over traditional policies of bakufu such as a ban of Christianity was posted.
- 家臣である管領が将軍を廃したこの事件によって政元は細川京兆家による管領職の世襲化と独占状態を確立し、さらに将軍の廃立権をも手中に収めたのだが、その天下も長くは続かなかった。
- With this coup, in which the Kanrei, a retainer of the Shogun, deposed the Shogun, Masamoto managed to create a hereditary monopoly over the position of Kanrei for his Keicho branch of the Hosokawa clan, and moreover arrogated to himself the right to depose and appoint the Shogun, but such a state of affairs did not continue for long.
- 葛城氏の始祖である葛城襲津彦(そつひこ)は、『古事記』には武内宿禰(孝元天皇の曾孫)の子の1人で、玉手氏(臣)(たまてのおみ)・的氏(臣)(いくはのおみ)などの祖とされる。
- According to 'Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters),' KATSURAGI no Sotsuhiko, original forefather of Kazuraki clan, was one of the children of TAKEUCHI no Sukune and forefather of Tamaktenoomi and Ikuhanoomi.
- 江戸時代以後、古典研究の発展に伴って民間でも有職故実の研究をする者が現れ、世襲化されて学問としては停滞が見られた公家や武家の有職故実の伝統に囚われない独自の研究が見られた。
- During and after the Edo period, researchers of yusoku kojitsu emerged among ordinary citizens along with the development of the study of classical literature, and made original studies free from the traditions of kuge and buke yusoku kojitsu, which showed stagnation as academics because they were transferred by heredity.
- この軍議では、一旦は篠原らの強襲策続行に決したが、遅れて到着した小兵衛や野村忍介の強い反対があり、深夜に開かれた再軍議で熊本城を強襲する一方、一部は小倉を電撃すべしと決した。
- In the council of war, they once agreed in further storming the castle according to the plan of SHINOHARA and others, but Kohei and Oshisuke NOMURA, who arrived later, strongly opposed that; in the council held again in the midnight, they agreed in storming Kumamoto Castle, while dispatching part of the army to blitz Kokura.
- 当時攘夷思想によって欧米人を襲撃する事件が多発し、神戸事件や堺事件、京都事件がその代表例であるが、これらの事件は「万国公法」の名の下に外国人を殺傷した日本人を極刑としている。
- At that time, attacks on Europeans and Americans as represented by the Kobe Incident, the Sakai Incident and the Kyoto Incident were frequently carried out by supporters of Joi-ron, but Japanese, who killed or injured foreigners were subjected to capital punishment.
- 絵入源氏物語の持つ多くの特徴は、これ以後に出た源氏物語の版本である『首書源氏物語』や『湖月抄』などでも概ね踏襲されており、これ以後の多くの源氏物語の版本の基本的な形となった。
- Many characteristics of Eiri Genji monogatari were generally preserved in the printed books of The Tale of Genji which were published subsequently such as 'Shusho Genji monogatari' (Tale of Genji with Headnote), 'Kogetsu-sho Commentary,' and so on, and it became the basic form for many printed books of The Tale of Genji since then.
- その後増加する電力需要に対応するため、1935年に日月潭第二発電所、1941年には万大発電所の建設が開始されたが、太平洋戦争中のアメリカ軍の空襲にで被害を受け工事が中断した。
- In order to meet the increasing demand for power, construction of the Second Power Plant in Sun Moon Lake and the Wanda Power Plant started in 1935 and 1941, respectively, but construction was suspended while being bombed and damaged by the US air force during the Pacific War.
- 構成は内側から、小袖(こそで)、大口袴(おおぐちばかま)、表袴(うえのはかま)、単(ひとえ)、半臂(はんぴ)、下襲(したがさね)、闕腋袍(けってきのほう)、石帯(せきたい)。
- From inside to outside, it consists of kosode, oguchi bakama, ue no hakama, hitoe, hanpi, shitagasane, ketteki no ho (open sleeve seams outer robe), and sekitai.
- なお、『今鏡』には、冬期にくだけた場面で袍を肩脱ぎした際、皆下襲が露わになる中で藤原教通のみがきちんと半臂を着用しており、周囲がいたく自らを恥じた、という逸話が残されている。
- According to an episode described in 'Imakagami' (The mirror of the Present), in a scene in a casual atmosphere, when some people took off ho from their shoulders, the people exposed their shitagasane and only Norimichi FUJIWARA orderly wore hanbi and the people around were deeply ashamed of themselves.
- 職業の世襲という概念は氏姓制度の時代から存在しており、律令制度に入ってからも何世代にもわたって技能・学術を継承してきた「世習」の家柄を優先して技術系の官職に就ける事例があった。
- The concept of hereditary occupations existed from the time of the Shisei system, and even in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based upon the ritsuryo code), there were cases where families that had passed on techniques and knowledge down the generations had priority in obtaining technical official positions.
- この夜以後、連日、各地の火薬庫が襲撃され、俗にいう「弾薬掠奪事件」が起きたが、私学校徒が入手できたのは、山縣や大山が重要視しなかった旧型のエンフィールド銃とその弾薬のみだった。
- From that night, what is commonly called 'munitions seizure incident' occurred and other powder houses at various places were raided day after day, but the Shigakko students could only seized outdated Enfield rifles and ammunition for the rifles, of which YAMAGATA and OYAMA thought little.
- 『日本書紀』には、倭迹迹日百襲媛命について、三輪山の神との神婚伝説や、前記の箸墓が「日也人作、夜也神作」という説話が記述されており、卑弥呼と同様な神秘的な存在と意識されている。
- Nihonshoki contains a legend of Yamatototohimomoso Hime no Mikoto marrying a deity of Mt. Miwa, as well as a tale that says the Hashihaka was 'built by men during the day, and by gods during the night.' Like Himiko, she was considered a mysterious woman.
- しかし、幕権強化のために朝廷を利用することは尊王派の怒りを買い、文久2年(1862年)正月、老中安藤は江戸城坂下門外で襲撃され、一命は取り留めたが後に失脚した(坂下門外の変)。
- However, this provoked rage from those who advocated restoring power to the emperor, because the bakufu government still tried to use the emperor to fortify the power of the government, and roju Ando was attacked outside Sakashita-mon Gate, got severely injured, and eventually lost his power (the Sakashitamongai incident).
- 秀吉は関白を公家である藤原氏に代わって武家である豊臣氏による世襲としてこれを征夷大将軍に代わる「武家の棟梁」と位置づける事で全国の公家と武士を一括して統率しようとしたのである。
- This was Hideyoshi's attempt to preside over the court nobles and samurai across the country all together by positioning, as the 'leader of samurai' in stead of Seii Taishogun, the role of Kanpaku, which would be passed down to only the samurai class of the Toyotomi clan in place of the court nobles of the Fujiwara clan.
- しかし紙幣といっても江戸時代の藩札の様式を踏襲した多種多様の雑多な紙幣、すなわち太政官札、府県札、民部省札、為替会社札など官民発行のものが流通しており、偽造紙幣も大量にあった。
- However, they were miscellaneous bills issued by the government and nongovermental organizations such as Dajokan (Grand Council of State) bills, Prefecture bills, Mimbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) bills, Kawase-gaisha(Exchange Company) bills, which wereof the same style as Han (domain) bills in the Edo period, and there were also a large number of counterfeited bills.
- だが、信長が出陣した時点で既に退却か長篠城強襲かを決定する必要があるため(信長の岐阜出陣は5月13日、三河牛久保から設楽原へ向かったのが5月17日)その可能性は低いことになる。
- This is however unlikely because they had to decide whether they would retreat or raid Nagashino Castle when Nobunaga set off with his troops (from Gifu on July 1 and left Ushikubo in Mikawa for Shitaragahara on July 5).
- 日本でも、このような弓の呪術性は、鳴弦という言葉に示され、平安時代に、宮中で夜間に襲来する悪霊を避けるために、武士たちによって、弓の弦をはじいて音を響かせる儀礼が行われていた。
- In Japan, this magic power of the bow can be seen in the word meigen, and during the Heian period a ceremony was held to make asound by striking the string of a bow by samurai at the Imperial Palace in order to avoid evil spirits that came during night.
- 古代律令制では雅楽寮が置かれていたが、しだいに諸家が家芸として独占的に世襲するようになり、律令制度の解体に伴って10世紀に蔵人所におかれた楽所(がくそ)に実質が移ることになる。
- Under the ancient Ritsuryo codes, gagaku-ryo (a governmental agency for gagaku musicians) was established, however, various families gradually monopolized gagaku as their family art and the actual base of activities of the musicians was shifted to gakuso (chamber of music) which was established in kurododokoro (the Chamberlain's Office) in the 10th Century associated with the dissolution of the Ritsuryo system.
- 裏千家の家元は四代である仙叟の諱「宗室」を受け継いでいるが、表千家・武者小路千家とは異なり初期は襲名をしていなかったらしく、また家元後嗣(若宗匠)が特定の名を名乗る伝統もない。
- Consecutive heads of the Ura-senke school have inherited the name 'Soshitsu,' which was the real personal name of Senso the 4th head of the school, but unlike the Omote-senke and Mushanokoji-senke schools, this school doesn't seem to have had a tradition of the current head inheriting the name of his predecessor during its early years or of the Wakasosho (the koshi, or successor, to the current head) assuming a special name.
- 一方、東山道を進んだ東山道軍の本隊は、3月8日に武州熊谷宿に到着、3月9日に近くの梁田宿(現・足利市)で宿泊していた旧幕府歩兵隊の脱走部隊(衝鋒隊)に奇襲をかけ、これを撃破した。
- The main forces of the Tosando-gun army advancing along the Tosando arrived at Yanada-juku (currently Ashikaga City) on March 31, and made a surprise attack on a unit (the shohotai) consisting of deserters from the former Shogunate Infantry, and defeated it on April 1.
- 古典的理解での摂関政治では、幼帝の外祖父とその血縁者のみが摂政、後に関白や公卿の権利を持っていたが、院政の成立後には藤原北家頼通流にのみ摂政・関白職が世襲されることが公認される。
- In the traditional sense of the regency, only an infant emperor's maternal grandfather and his relatives had the right to take the post of regent, and then the post of chancellor or court noble, but after the cloistered government was formed, it was officially recognized that the posts of regent and chancellor were to be passed down from generation to generation only within Yorimichi's line in the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan.
- 桜田門外の変(さくらだもんがいのへん)は、安政7年3月3日(1860年3月24日)、江戸城桜田門外(東京都千代田区)にて水戸藩の浪士らが大老・井伊直弼の行列を襲撃し暗殺した事件。
- The Sakuradamongai Incident refers to the event of March 24, 1860, when the roshi (masterless samurai) of the Mito Domain attacked the procession including the Tairo (Chief Minister), Naosuke II, and assassinated him outside the Sakuradamon Gate of Edo-jo Castle (Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo).
- これは世襲によって終身の議員身分が保証された公爵議員・侯爵議員や天皇の直接任命による勅撰議員の存在によって選挙による議席の大幅拡大が望めない貴族院においては驚異的な数字であった。
- This was a surprising number in the House of Peers because large increasing in the number of seats through election was unlikely due to the presence of duke and marquis members whose positions were secured for life by heredity and members directly nominated by the Emperor.
- だが、後に紀伝道の家学化が進むと、紀伝道の教官が世襲を確かなものとするために自分の子弟を給料学生に推挙するようになり、試験を行う場合でも譜第の家以外からの受験が困難になっていった。
- Later, Kidendo became hereditary learning and instructors of Kidendo recommended their sons for Kyuryo gakusei in order to make heredity sure and as a result, it became difficult for the sons of families other than hereditary families to apply for the examination even though examinations were conducted.
- 同様に公家の最高位と言える摂関においても藤原北家九条流更にその中の御堂流によって世襲的に継承され、藤氏長者の地位やそれに付随する勧学院・殿下渡領なども独占的に支配するようになった。
- In the same way, the highest position for the aristocrats, Sekkan, was hereditarily passed among the Mido branch within the Fujiwara clan, Northern house, Kujo branch and this branch monopolized the position as the chief of the Toshi and associated Kangakuin and denka no watari-ryo (the land which the Fujiwara family hereditarily succeeded).
- 記紀によれば、襲津彦の娘の磐之媛(いわのひめ)は仁徳天皇の皇后となり、履中天皇・反正天皇・允恭天皇の3天皇を生み、葦田宿禰の娘の黒媛は履中天皇の妃となり、市辺押磐皇子などを生んだ。
- According to 'the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan),' the daughter of Sotshuhiko, Iwa no hime became the empress of Nintoku Emperor and had three children who all became emperors: Emperor Richu, Emperor Hanzei, and Emperor Ingyo and a daughter of Ashita no sukune, Kurome, became the empress of Emperor and gave birth to Prince Ichinobe no Oshihano.
- 『紀氏家牒』によれば、襲津彦は「大和国葛城古代日本の地方官制地方官制のはじまり長柄里(ながらのさと。現在の御所市名柄)」に居住したといい、この地と周辺が彼の本拠であったと思われる。
- According to 'Kishi Kacho' (Lineage of the Kishi clan), Sotsuhiko lived in 'Nagara no sato (present day Nagara, Gose city), the original place of the ancient Japanese Local Bureaucratic System in Katsuragi, Yamato Province'; it is thought that his power was based in Nagara no sato and its surrounding areas.
- 1925年12月1日:この日早朝、京都府警特高課が京大・同大などの寄宿舎、両大学の社会科学研究会員の自宅・下宿を急襲、家宅捜索のうえ「不穏文書」多数を押収したほか学生33名を検束。
- December 1, 1925: Early in the morning, the Special Higher Police Division of Kyoto Prefectural Police Department attacked and conducted domiciliary searches on dormitories of Kyoto Imperial University, Doshisha University, and so forth as well as the houses and lodgings of members of the Shakai Kagaku Kenkyu-kai to seize a lot of seditious documents and arrest 33 students.
- 応仁の乱では足軽集団が奇襲戦力として利用されたが、足軽は忠誠心に乏しく無秩序でしばしば暴徒化し、多くの社寺、商店等が軒を連ねる京都に跋扈し暴行・略奪をほしいままにすることもあった。
- During the Onin War, ashigaru groups were used in surprise attacks but their lack of loyalty and their disorder meant that they frequently formed unruly mobs, and there was an incident in which they ran riot and looted Kyoto with its numerous shrines, temples and shops.
- 大炊寮史生が供御院の預 (官職)に任じられていたが、長保4年(1002年)に磯部広信が預に任じられて以後、15代300年余りにわたって磯部氏が預職とともに御稲田の支配権を世襲した。
- Although Shisho (people who performed miscellaneous duties about documents) of Oiryo was appointed to Azukari (an additional post to the chief of Naizenshi) of Kugoin, but after Hironobu ISOBE was appointed to Azukari in 1002, the Isobe clan inherited a post of Azukari and the right to control Miineta for 15 generations equivalent to about 300 years.
- この内容はたちまち内外に伝わり、その内容に激昂した浄土宗の宗徒による日蓮襲撃事件を招いた上に、禅宗を信じていた時頼からも「政治批判」と見なされて、翌年には日蓮が伊豆国に流罪となった。
- Nichiren's treatise, which was soon known across Japan, caused Jodoshu Buddhists, who were angry about his arguments, to attack Nichiren; Tokiyori, who believed in Zen Buddhism, also regarded Nichiren's arguments as political criticism; and as a result, Nichiren was sent to Izu Island the following year.
- 江戸時代の幕藩体制において、諸藩の家臣は藩主が家臣に対して世襲で与えていた俸禄制度を基本に編成、維持されていたが、明治後も俸禄は家禄として引き継がれ、士族などに対して支給されていた。
- The feudal political system during the Edo period was organized and maintained based on the stipend system in which a domain lord gave hereditary stipends to his vassals, but even after the Meiji period, this hereditary stipend was succeeded as Karoku and paid to samurai warriors.
- ただし、これは将軍職が以後は徳川氏によって世襲されるものであるということを諸大名や朝廷に知らしめるために行なわれただけであり、家康も信長と同じく、死ぬまで政治の実権は握り続けていた。
- However, what Ieyasu did was only to show that the shogunship was hereditary in the Tokugawa clan afterwards to daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and the Imperial court, and he also retained the real power of politics until he died, just like Nobunaga did.
- その優れた才能故に師である信円や父である兼実のみならず、父の政敵であった源通親の弟である雅縁などからも将来を嘱望され、1207年(承元元年)に雅縁の跡を襲う形で興福寺別当職に就いた。
- Because of his excellent talent, not only his master Shinen and his father Kanezane, but also Gaen who was the younger brother of MINAMOTO no Michichika (he was Kanezane's political enemy) had high expectations to Ryoen, and assumed the position of betto from Gaen at Kofuku-ji Temple in 1207.
- 本能寺の変(ほんのうじのへん)は、天正10年6月2日 (旧暦)(1582年6月21日)、織田信長の重臣明智光秀が謀反を起こし、京都・本能寺に宿泊していた主君信長を襲い、自殺させた事件。
- Honnoji Incident is about an event on June 21, 1582 whereby Mitsuhide AKECHI, a key vassal of Nobunaga ODA, rose in revolt and attacked his master, Nobunaga, who had been staying in Honno-ji Temple in Kyoto and Nobunaga committed suicide.
- 弘安の役後、幕府は元軍の再度の襲来に備えて御家人の統制を進めたが、文永の役に続き弘安の役においても十分な恩賞給与がなされなかったため、戦費で窮迫した御家人達は借金に苦しむようになった。
- After Koan no Eki, in order to prepare for the next attack by the Yuan army, bakufu tried to strengthen its control over the vassals, but the vassals came to live in debt because they did not receive sufficient rewards in Koan no Eki as well as Bunei no Eki.
- 覚岸の序などでは、このように述べてはいるが、実際は、陳垣がその著書で指摘する通り、本書の内容は、隆興2年(1164年)に著述された『隆興仏教編年通論』29巻の内容を完全に踏襲している。
- Although it is written in the introduction section of Kakugan, in fact, the contents of this book fully followed the Volume 29 of 'The General Commentaries on Longxing Chronology' in 1164, as pointed out by Yuan CHEN in his works.
- 法住寺合戦(ほうじゅうじかっせん)は、寿永2年(1183年)11月19日 (旧暦)、源義仲が院御所・法住寺殿を襲撃して、後白河天皇と後鳥羽天皇を幽閉、政権を掌握した軍事クーデターである。
- The Battle of Hoju-ji Temple (Hoju-ji kassen) was a military coup on January 10, 1184, in which MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka attacked In no gosho (the retired emperor's court) Hojuji-dono Palace, imprisoning Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Gotoba and taking over the government.
- しかし久秀は永禄10年(1567年)10月10日に興福寺に布陣していた三好軍を奇襲して東大寺大仏殿を焼き払って三好三人衆を撃退する(東大寺大仏殿の戦い)など、一進一退の攻防が続けられた。
- However, Hisahide attacked the Miyoshi's army which was lined up at the Kofuku-ji Temple on October 10, 1567, and fought off them by setting a fire to the Daibutsu-den Hall (the Great Buddha hall) of Todai-ji Temple (warrior clashes at the Great Buddha Hall of Todai-ji temple); the battle was a seesaw war.
- ビッグバンさえ起こっていない紀元前3175億年に上古初代天皇が存在し、上古2代天皇の在位が320億年に達している(もっとも上古天皇では天皇の名前は世襲であり、1代数十人だとしているが)。
- The first emperor of Joko existed 317.5 billion years before Christ, even before the Big Bang occurred and the reign of the second emperor of Joko covers thirty-two billion years (although it is said that the name of the emperor of Joko was passed on to his successor and there were about fifty emperors per generation).
- 元禄の大飢饉は1695年~1696年(元禄8年~9年)に東北を中心とする東北地方を襲った冷害で、収穫が平年の3割しかなく、津軽藩では領民の3分の1に相当する5万以上の死者を出したという。
- It is said that the Great Famine (1695-1696) of the Genroku era was caused by cold-weather damage in the Tohokoku region which lead harvests to drop to 30% of the average, and in Tsugaru Domain over 50,000 people (one third of the domain's population) died.
- なお、日清戦争から日華事変甲号軍票までは明治時代に発行された明治通宝とよばれる政府紙幣のデザインを踏襲した縦型のものを使っていたが、その後は銀行券スタイルのものが発行されるようになった。
- The military currency used during Sino-Japanese War through Ko-go currency used during the China Incident, vertical style ones followed a design of the government-issued bank note called Meiji Tsuho was adopted, but bank-note styled military currencies were issued afterwards.
- 第二次世界大戦の空襲を免れたことにより戦後は奈良市旧市街地として栄え、1990年4月、奈良市より奈良市都市景観条例に基づき「奈良町都市景観形成地区」(面積約48.1ha)の指定を受ける。
- Having escaped the air raid during the World War II, Naramachi flourished as the former urban district of Nara City after the war and, in April 1990, the area was designated as 'the Naramachi Urban Landscape Formation Area' (approximately 48.1ha) in accordance with the Nara City Landscape Conservation Regulation.
- こうした中で座も変質していき、本所から自立した営業集団に転化したり、官衙や領主との結びつきを強めて中にはこれらを新たな本所するものが出現したり、座衆の数を制限して世襲特権化を図ろうとした。
- Under these circumstances, za were also gradually changed. Some za tried to become a trade group independent of their honjo, or some tried to have closer ties to government offices and feudal lords to have them as their honjo, and some attempted to establish a hereditary privilege by limiting the number of members in their za.
- しかし日本では鎌倉幕府が滅び朝廷が分裂する中で治安が悪化、倭寇が出没するようになり貿易船を襲うなど海賊行為が横行し、社会不安や行政機能の停滞などもあって、貿易は円滑なものとはいえなかった。
- However, in Japan, since the social security had declined when the Kamakura bakufu was ruined and the Imperial Court was divided, the piracy by wako (Japanese Pirates) was rampant and the trade with China didn't carry on smoothly because of the social security worsening and public administration stagnating.
- 天才女形として三代目澤村田之助を襲名、翌年には16歳にして立役となるなど、大御所時代における女形の第一人者だったが、間もなく舞台上の事故から脱疽を患い四肢を切断、役者引退を余儀なくされた。
- He took the name Tanosuke SAWAMURA (III) as a brilliant actor of female roles and in the following year when he was only 16 he took leading roles and became the top performer of female roles in the Ogosho Period (1787 - 1841); however after a stage accident gangrene set in and he had to have his legs amputated, and was forced to retire from acting.
- ことに伝統芸能については公卿やその芸道 (哲学)の開祖が子々孫々その伝統を継承したことから家業となし、今日でも歌舞伎、能、狂言をはじめ、剣術・武道、弓術、礼法などでは世襲が一般的にみられる。
- Particularly with regard to the traditional performance arts, court nobles and the founders of a particular style of performing art (philosophy) would pass on the knowledge and skills of their tradition to their descendants; this would result in a kind of family business and even today heredity is commonly found in Kabuki, Noh drama, Kyogen (farce played during a Noh play cycle), swordsmanship, martial arts, Japanese archery and manners.
- だが、その一方で坂上氏・中原氏による家学化が進んで明法博士の世襲が行われるようになり、中には後世の学者から見ても法解釈の誤りが明らかである拙劣な勘文を残す明法博士が現れるなどの問題もあった。
- On the other hand, there were problems caused by hereditary transfers of doctors of Myoho developed by Sakanoue and Nakahara clans, by which some doctors of Myoho made bad Kanmon response papers with apparently wrong interpretations of law, which future scholars could find.
- これは、1959年に近畿地方を襲った伊勢湾台風がそれまで覆っていた森林を破壊し、その木々が流出したことによりそれまで地面に自生していたコケ類が衰退、代わって、ササ類が繁茂し始めたためである。
- Behind these, forests were destroyed and trees were washed away by Isewan Typhoon which hit the Kinki region in 1959, and bamboo started to grow thickly instead of moss which had been growing naturally on the ground.
- かつて東禅寺 (東京都港区)のイギリス公使館襲撃に加わっていた伊藤博文は、その後のイギリス留学を通じて攘夷が非現実的な方針であり、いつまでも実現不可能な路線に固執すべきではないと考えていた。
- Hirobumi ITO who used to be involved in British Legination Attack in Tozenji Temple had thought through study in Britain that anti-foreigner was unrealistic way and that it was wrong to cling to the unfeasible way.
- 伊達軍が国見山へ移動中、上杉方梁川城の須田長義旗下車丹波等が、馬上百騎・小手六十三騎等を含む足軽百人ばかりを引き連れて梁川城から大隅川を渡り、藤田と桑折の間で伊達勢後尾の小荷駄隊を急襲した。
- While the Date army was moving to Mt. Kunimi, warriors including Tanba KURUMA serving Nagayoshi SUDA in the Yanagawa-jo Castle on the Uesugi side crossed the Osumigawa River from the Yanagawa-jo Castle with 100 ashigaru (common foot soldiers) as well as 100 horsemen and 63 horseman from Ote and suddenly attacked provision transporters bringing up the rear of the Date forces in the area between Fujita and Koori.
- 修験との関わりも深く、師である尋範の跡を襲って修験道当山派の当山三十六正大先達衆を構成する一寺であった内山永久寺の別当職に就いたほか、1208年(承元2年)まで長らく金峯山検校職を兼任した。
- He was also deeply involved in shugen (mountaineering asceticism) and became betto of Uchiyama Eikyu-ji Temple, one of the temples which constituted a set group of Buddhist priests led by sanju-roku Shodaisendatsu (the 36 head priests of the Tozan school), which belonged to Tozan school of Shugendo (one of Japanese Buddhism), succeeding to his mentor Jinpan; he also held another post of Kinpusan kengyo shoku (a temple administrator in Mt. Kinpu) concurrently through many years until 1208.
- 死刑執行人は被差別民として扱われていた国が多く、就業や婚姻において強い差別を受けていたため、特定の一族以外が死刑執行人の職に就くことを妨げられていたことが世襲が常態化した理由だと言われている。
- In many countries an executioner was victimized by society and strongly discriminated against in terms of jobs or marriage; therefore the role of executioner was usually limited to a specific social group or clan, and it is said that this is a reason for normalizing heredity.
- 1930年(昭和5年)、ロンドン海軍軍縮条約を締結した政府に対し、野党と海軍軍令部、右翼団体が、政府による統帥権の干犯であると難じ、内閣総理大臣・濱口雄幸が右翼団体員に襲撃される事件が起きた。
- In 1930, the government concluded the London Naval Treaty, and then the opposition party, the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff and right-wing groups condemned the treaty as a violation of the supreme command by the government, and the Prime Minister, Osachi HAMAGUCHI was attacked by a member of a right-wing group.
- その風潮は大学にも及んで博士の地位を世襲させるために特定の家系の家学として知識の独占を図るようになり、授業も大学寮ではなく自らの私邸を用いて限られた子弟や門人に対してのみ行われるようになった。
- This trend also reached Daigaku-ryo, where professors, with the aim of bequeathing the post of hakase to their descendants, tried to monopolize knowledge by denying access to education to people other than their household, and they gave lectures only to their children and a handful of disciples not at Daigaku-ryo but at their private residences.
- 更に天正19年(1591年)に鶴松が病死すると、秀吉は甥の豊臣秀次(内大臣)を養子として関白の地位を譲り関白が豊臣氏の世襲とする意思を改めて表明し、自分は太政大臣在任のまま実権を保持し続けた。
- Furthermore, when Tsurumatsu died of disease in 1591, Hideyoshi adopted his nephew, Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI (Naidaijin), and yielded the position of Kanpaku to him, showing again his determination to relinquish the position of Kanpaku to only the Toyotomi clan and staying in power as Dajodaijin.
- しかし、守護 京極政経の代に入ると、政経は守護代 尼子経久と次第に対立を深め、政経が経久を追放すると、その翌年には尼子経久が奇襲を持って主家を攻め、主君より領土と実権を奪い、出雲守護となった。
- However, when the generation of shugo, Masatsune KYOGOKU started, Masatsune gradually deepened confrontation against shugodai (the deputy of shugo), Tsunehisa AMAGO and, when Masatsune expelled Tsunehisa, Tsunehisa AMAGO made a surprise attack on the employer's household the following year, usurped the territory and the authority from his master, and became shugo of Izumo.
- 供御院を所管した大炊寮の長官である大炊頭も同様に中原氏が世襲するようになり、中原氏の大炊頭の推挙(磯部氏には「寮家任符」・朝廷には「寮家挙状」に基づいて磯部氏の預が任じられる構造となっていた。
- Since the Nakahara clan also came to inherit Oi no kami, Chief of Oiryo holding juristiction over Kugoin, in the same manner, it was structured to appoint the Isobe clan as Azukari based on the recommendation ('Ryokeninpu' (document of appointment by a chief of bureau) for the Isobe clan, and 'Ryokegyojo' (document of recommendation by a chief of bureau) for the imperial court) by Oi no kami assumed by the Nakahara clan.
- 朝廷は純友が京を襲撃するのではないかと恐れて宮廷の14門に兵を配備して2月22日には藤原慶幸が山城国の入り口である山崎に派遣して警備を強化するが、26日には山崎が謎の放火によって焼き払われた。
- The Imperial Court, afraid that Masakado would make an attack on Kyoto, posted soldiers at the 14 gates of the Imperial Palace and, to tighten security, they sent FUJIWARA no Yoshiyuki to the gate of Yamashiro Province in Yamazaki on February 22, but Yamazaki was burned down in an anonymous arson attack on February 26.
- 従来の世襲制の役職であった、伴造、品部(しなべ、しなじなのとものお)を廃止し、特定の氏族が特定の役職を世襲する制度を廃止した(たとえば、物部氏であれば、軍事を司り、中臣氏であれば祭祀を司る)。
- Tomonomiyatsuko and Shinabe (technicians in offices), which had been traditional hereditary posts, were abolished and so was the system whereby a specific clan inherited a specific post (for example, the Mononobe clan administered the military affair and the Nakatomi clan took charge of the religious service).
- 2月1日、小根占にいた西郷のもとに四弟小兵衞が私学校幹部らの使者として来て、谷口登太が中原尚雄から西郷刺殺のために帰県したと聞き込んだこと、私学校生徒による火薬庫襲撃がおきたことなどを話した。
- On February 1, his younger brother Kohei visited Saigo, who was in Konejime as an envoy from the executive of Shigakko, and he heard that Tota TANIGUCHI and Naoo NAKAHARA returned to stab Saigo, and talked about the attack on the gunpowder magazine made by the students of Shigakko.
- 翌正治2年(1200年)正月20日、景時は一族とともに京都へ上る道中で東海道の駿河国清見関(静岡市清水区)近くで偶然居合わせた吉川氏ら在地武士たちに発見されて襲撃を受け、狐崎において合戦となる。
- On February 13, 1200, Kagetoki, who was heading for Kyoto with his clan, was found and attacked by local samurais including the Yoshikawa clan, who happened to be staying near the Kiyomigaseki checking station on the Tokiado Road in Suruga Province (now Shimizu Ward, Shizuoka City), which resulted in a battle at Kitsunegasaki.
- 平家残党は20年の雌伏を経て、将軍後継問題で揺れる幕府の動揺に乗じて建仁3年(1203年)12月、伊勢平氏若菜五郎が軍勢を率いて伊勢国の守護である山内首藤経俊の舘を襲撃し、再び反乱の兵を挙げた。
- After biding their time for 20 years, the remnants of the Taira clan led by Goro WAKANA of Ise Heishi took advantage of the turmoil in the government, which was caused by the shogun's successor issue, and attacked the house of Tsunetoshi YAMANOUCHI SUDO serving as the shugo of Ise Province to raise a rebellion again in January 1204.
- 1月から2月にかけては箱館・五稜郭の整備にあたり、3月には新政府軍襲来の情報が入ったため、歳三は新政府軍の東艦奪取を目的とした宮古湾海戦に参加、作戦は失敗し多数の死傷者が出るも、歳三は生還する。
- He was engaged in consolidating Hakodate/Goryokaku from January to February, and when the news of an attack by the army of the new government reached his ears in March Toshizo participated in Naval Battle of Miyakowan which targeted to seize Azuma-kan of the army of the new government; however, this operation failed, and many died or were wounded, but Toshizo managed to return safely.
- 「日本一悪僧武勇」と称され、大和国内にて同族の源親治と抗争した他、天養2年(1145年)には興福寺の大衆を率いて金峯山を襲撃するなど、武装化傾向を強める興福寺の中にあって中心的な役割を果たした。
- Praised as 'the bravest armed monk in Japan,' he played a key role in Kofuku-ji Temple, which had gradually built up military forces to dispute MINAMOTO no Chikaharu of the same clan on the Yamato Province and to make an assault upon some temples on Mt. Kinpusen, leading many warrior monks of Kofuku-ji Temple in 1145.
- 度重なる弾圧に憤慨した水戸藩や薩摩藩の浪士は、密かに暗殺計画を練り、万延元年3月3日 (旧暦)(1860年3月24日)、江戸城登城の途中の井伊を桜田門の外で襲撃して暗殺を決行した(桜田門外の変)。
- Some roshi (masterless samurai) of the Mito and Satsuma clans resented the repeated crackdowns of the bakufu government and started to plan an assassination, and on March 24, 1860, successfully attacked and killed Ii, who was about to enter Edo-jo Castle, in the outer field of the Sakurada-mon Gate (the Sakuradamon Incident).
- 1347年(正平2年、北朝の貞和3年)正月に楠木正行が四條畷で戦死したのち、南朝では北朝方(室町幕府、足利軍)の来襲を防ぎ得ないのを知り、吉野を引き払い穴太に移った(皇居は総福寺であろうという)。
- In the New Year in 1347, after the death of Masatsura KUSUNOKI in the Battle of Shijonawate, the Southern Court, realizing that it could not keep off the attack by the Northern Court side (Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the Ashikaga army), moved to Anafu (the Imperial Palace is said to be Sofuku-ji Temple) by giving up Yoshio.
- モッコの子守唄(青森県 木造町)のように「泣けば山がらモッコくるね、泣がねでねんねしな」などと、昔の蒙古襲来の怖さを子守唄にしたものなど、上記の残虐行為への恐怖を証明する民間伝承は全国に存在する。
- There is a lullaby called Mokko no Komoriuta (in Kizukuri-machi, Aomori Prefecture) with lyrics of 'if you cry, Mongols will come from a mountain, don't cry and sleep,' representing the fear of the past Mongol invasion, and there are also other folk traditions across the country manifesting the fear of the cruel acts described above.
- その後、青木信光 (子爵)・水野直ら若手議員を中心にこれまでの路線を見直して政友会との連携や他会派との合併・世襲・勅撰・多額納税者議員の勧誘による更なる拡大を目指す「大研究会」構想などが浮上した。
- Later, young members such as Mitsunobu AOKI (viscount) and Naoshi MIZUNO reviewed existing policies and brought up a plan called 'Dai Kenkyukai' (Great Kenkyukai) aiming at further expansion of the faction through cooperation with Seiyu-kai Party, coalition with other factions and inviting hereditary, nominated and large-tax-paying members to join the faction.
- 「公使館襲撃事件の犯人の逮捕と処刑、日本側被害者の遺族、負傷者への見舞金5万円、出兵費用補填50万円、公使館護衛としての漢城での軍隊駐留権、兵営設置費・修理費の朝鮮側負担、謝罪使の派遣等」である。
- It included 'the arrest and execution of the perpetrators who raided the Legation, consolation payment of 50,000 JPY to each family of the victims and injured in Japan, 500,000 JPY to fill the shortfall in the expenses for the dispatch of troops, the right to have an army around in Hanseong (the present Seoul) as a guard for the Legation, setting up barracks and the repair of them were at Korea's expense and sending a 'mission of expiation' and so on.'
- 文久3年(1863年)8月、吉村寅太郎、松本奎堂、藤本鉄石ら尊攘派浪士の天誅組は孝明天皇の大和行幸の魁たらんと欲し、前侍従中山忠光を擁して大和国へ入り、8月17日に五條市代官所を襲撃して挙兵した。
- In August 1863, the Tenchugumi (Heavenly Avenging Force,) a group of masterless samurai (roshi) who revered the emperor like Torataro YOSHIMURA, Keido MATSUMOTO, and Tesseki FUJIMOTO, raised an army in order to charge ahead of Emperor Komei's Imperial Trip to the Yamato Province and, led by ex-chamberlain Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA, they went to Yamato Province and attacked the magistrate's office in Gojo City on August 17.
- 第2次世界大戦中、三大都市圏六大都市(東京・大阪・京都・横浜・神戸・名古屋)の中では唯一空襲の大きな被害を受けなかったこともあり、日本の都市としては珍しく、戦前からの建造物が比較的多く残されている。
- Kyoto City still has a relatively large number of pre-war buildings, not typical of Japanese cities, since it was the only city that did not suffer major damage from air strikes during World War II among the six largest cities of the three major metropolitan areas (Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Yokohama, Kobe and Nagoya).
- そのうち、天皇のミウチである藤原氏と源氏が議政官(公卿)をほぼ独占し始め、特に藤原北家嫡流は9世紀後半に天皇の政治決定権を受任・代行しうる摂政・関白の地位を獲得し、その地位を世襲することに成功した。
- Then, the Fujiwara clan and the Minamoto clan, the relatives of the Emperor, almost created a monopoly of the Giseikan (a legislative organ), and it is worthy to note that the direct descent of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan achieved the position of Sessho Kanpaku (regent and chief adviser to the Emperor) in the late ninth century, which made them receive and deal with the political discretion of the Emperor; and they were also successful in making the position hereditary.
- 日本列島内には、異民族とされている九州南部の隼人(熊襲)、北日本の蝦夷などがいたが、隼人の反乱の鎮圧や征夷大将軍坂上田村麻呂の活躍等によって、隼人は8世紀に、蝦夷は12世紀に完全に服従したとされる。
- There were different races such as the Hayato (an ancient tribe in Kyushu) in the south of Kyushu and the Ezo (northerners) in the north of the Japanese archipelago; however, the former was subjugated in the 8th century and the latter in the 12th century thanks to the suppression of the uprising of the Hayato people and the achievements of SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro, Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians').
- 真言宗の建て直しを図るが、この強硬策に当然に反発した上下の僧派閥は覚鑁と激しく対立、遂に1140年、覚鑁の自所であった金剛峯寺境内の密厳院を急襲してこれを焼き払ったうえ金剛峯寺追放という凶行に出る。
- He tried to rebuild Shingon sect, but naturally, higher and lower priest factions revolted against his hard-line measures and were bitterly confronted Kakuban, and finally in 1140, they went on a rampage to conduct a raid on Kakuban's living place, Mitsugonin Temple, in the precincts of Kongobuji Temple to burn it, and banished him from Kongobuji Temple.
- 明治7年1月14日夜、公務を終え、赤坂の仮皇居(前年の火災により赤坂離宮を皇居としていた)から退出して自宅へ帰る途中だった岩倉の馬車が、赤坂喰違坂にさしかかった際、襲撃者たちがいっせいに岩倉を襲った。
- At the night of January 14, 1874, when Iwakura finished his work and left the temporal imperial palace to his home (they used the Akasaka Palace as the Imperial Palace because of the fire in previous year), he was attacked by assailants when his hose-drawn buggy reached to Kuichigaizaka, Akasaka.
- 江戸時代の頼山陽の『日本外史』では、亀山城出陣の際に「信長の閲兵を受けるのだ」として桂川渡河後に信長襲撃の意図を全軍に明らかにしたとあるが、実際には、ごく一部の重臣しか知らなかったとの見解が有力である。
- According to 'Nihon Gaishi' (historical book on Japan) written by Sanyo RAI during the Edo period, it was written that 'We will be reviewed by Nobunaga.' when they departed Kameyama-jo Castle with the intention to attack Nobunaga made clear to all the troops only after they crossed the Katsura-gawa River, but it is a widely-accepted view that, in reality, only a limited number of key vassals were informed of the real intention.
- 山内首藤経俊はこの襲撃事件を平氏反乱の兆しとは気づかず、12月25日に侍所別当和田義盛が幕府に事件の張本を伊勢国員弁郡の郡司進士行綱と報告し、翌元久元年(1204年)2月、行綱は召し捕られ囚人とされた。
- Tsunetoshi YAMANOUCHI SUDO did not recognize this attack as a rebellion of the Taira clan and Samurai-dokoro betto (the superior of the board of retainers), Yoshimori WADA, reported to the bakufu that the incident was caused by Yukitsuna SHINSHI, gunji (official of a county) of Inabe County, Ise Province, who was captured and sent to prison in March 1204.
- これは貴族階級である官人層とそれ以外の被支配階級である平民の身分上の格差を定めるものではあったが、同時に能力主義によってその役割を定めるものであり、本来的には世襲制的な法構造を持つものではないといえる。
- While this system was to define disparity of positions between government officials who are in the noble class and the other commoners who are in the subordinate class, it was, at the same time, to determine one's role based on meritocracy, and did not have hereditary law structure inherently.
- その他、島津氏と結んでいた筑前の秋月種実が日向に移封され、大村氏との対立から長崎港の襲撃や南蛮船からの通行料徴収を強要などを繰り返していた深堀純賢を海賊禁止令違反として所領没収にするなどの処分が行われた。
- Furthermore, Tanezane AKIZUKI in Chikuzen who colluded with the Shimazu clan was transferred to Hyuga, and Sumimasa FUKABORI, who repeatedly attacked Nagasaki Port and charged transport dues on the early European ships because of his confrontation with the Omura clan, was punished by depriving him of his territory for violation of Ban on Piracy.
- この戦いで蓮綱は幽閉されて間もなく死去、蓮慶は処刑され、蓮悟・顕誓・実悟は加賀を脱出して全国の末寺・門徒に対して引き続き追討命令が下され、6年後の旧賀州三ヶ寺門徒の本覚寺襲撃計画を理由に正式に破門された。
- Consequently, Renko was confined and died soon, Renkei was executed, Rengo, Kensei, and Jitsugo fled from Kaga and became the subject of orders to hunt them down issued to branch temples and followers all through the country, and six years later they were officially excommunicated for the Hongaku-ji Temple assault plan executed by the old Gashu Sanka-ji Temples followers.
- しかし、奇襲部隊であるにも関わらず、行軍は鈍足だったために家康の張った情報網に引っかかり、4月9日には徳川軍の追尾を受けて逆に奇襲され、池田恒興・池田元助親子と森長可らは戦死してしまった(長久手の戦い)。
- However, in spite of surprise attack force, they marched so slowly that their mission was noticed by Ieyasu's information networks; they got a surprise attack adversely on April 9 while they were pursued by TOKUGAWA troops, and Tsuneoki IKEDA, Motosuke IKEDA (Tsuneoki's son), Nagayoshi MORI and others were killed in the battle (the battle of NAGAKUTE),
- 中国では「圧歳銭」と呼ばれるが、これは中国語で「歳」と「祟」が同じ発音であり、年始に大人が子供に金を与えることで子供を襲う祟りが抑えられ、その一年を平穏無事に過ごすことができるという民間信仰から来ている。
- In China it is called 'ya sui qian' (圧歳銭 in Chinese characters, literally means 圧-pressing, 歳-year, 銭-money) which means that by giving money from adults to children in the New Year, children can avoid curses and live peacefully and quietly throughout the year according to folk beliefs, because the pronunciation of '歳' and '祟' (curse) is the same in Chinese.
- 11世紀に入ると、書博士そのものが明経博士を世襲した清原氏・中原氏の一族のための待機ポスト(明経道の職に空きが出来るまで暫時任じられる官職)と化してしまい、学科としての書道は完全に消滅したと考えられている。
- In the 11th century, the position of sho hakase became a standby post (a post to which clan members were temporarily appointed until a myogyo-do position became available) for members of the Kiyohara clan and Nakahara clan which inherited the position of Myogyo hakase (Professor of Confucian classics), and it is though that shodo completely disappeared as an area of study.
- 貿易額の制限そのものは綱吉時代の踏襲に過ぎず、更に新井の意見書には綱吉時代の改革で金銀の海外流出はほとんどなくなっていた事実を意図的に無視するなど、儒教的な抑商思想に由来する貿易統制ありきの発想が存在する。
- In the first place, Arai's plan was developed based on the intention to implement trade controls originating from Confusion commerce suppression policy, so limiting the amount of trade simply followed the system developed in the Tsunayoshi era and his plan intentionally ignored the truth that the outflow of gold and silver had already stopped by Tsunayoshi's reform.
- この説では、合戦直前の2月6日の後白河法皇の休戦命令と、合戦後の宗盛の「休戦命令を信じていたら、源氏に襲われて一門の多くが殺された、(平氏を陥れる)奇謀ではないのか」という法皇への抗議の書状を重視している。
- In this theory, historians and experts stressed two important factors - Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa ordered the Taira clan to suspend battle preparations against Minamoto on March 26, 1184, and in the post war period, Munemori wrote a protest letter to the Emperor, 'When the Taira clan believed the order to suspend the battle, the Minamoto clan attacked and killed many members of the Taira clan family, so I was of the belief that this order was an unconventional tactic (a pretense to set the Taira clan for defeat in battle).'
- その後、国学者の本居宣長は「日本の皇室が中国に朝貢するなどありえない」という立場から、「馭戎概言」において大和国とは別の筑紫(九州)にあった小国であり、卑弥呼は神功皇后の名を騙った熊襲の女酋長であると説いた。
- After that, a scholar of Japanese classical literature, Norinaga MOTOORI, taking the viewpoint that 'it is unlikely that the Japanese Imperial family took tributes to China,' in 'Gyoju Gaigen,' he claimed that Yamatai was a small state in Chikushi (Kyushu), distinct from Yamato Province, and that Himiko was a female chief of Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district) who assumed the false name of Empress Jingu.
- 条約励行建議案に対抗するために衆議院解散が行われた同年12月29日、突如集会及政社法の対象となる政治団体の指定を受け、その日のうちに大日本協会は度重なる外国人襲撃事件を理由として解散を命じられることになった。
- On December 29 of the same year, when the House of Representatives was dissolved in opposition of the proposal to rigorously enforce the treaties, the Dai Nihon Kyokai was suddenly designated as a political organization to which the Assembly and Political Association laws applied, and on the same day it was ordered to disband with the attacks on foreigners cited as the reason for the order.
- 主な内容は、公使館襲撃事件の犯人の逮捕と処刑、日本側被害者の遺族、負傷者への見舞金5万円、損害賠償50万円、公使館護衛としてのソウル特別市での軍隊駐留権、兵営設置費・修理費の朝鮮側負担、謝罪使の派遣等である。
- The treaty stipulated the arrest and execution of the criminal of the incident, the solatium of 50, 000 yens and compensation of 500,000 yens for the bereaved families and the injured of the Japanese victims, the right of Japanese troops to station in Seoul Special City as guards for the legation, creation and repair of barracks at Korea's expense and the dispatch of envoys for an apology.
- 一代限りの身分ではあるが、実際には引退に際し子弟や縁者を後継者とすることで世襲は可能であり、また薄給ながら生活を維持できるため、後にその権利が「株」として売買され、富裕な農民・商人の次・三男の就職口ともなった。
- The status of ashigaru was restricted to a single generation but in actuality could be inherited by a child or relative upon retirement and, this right later went on to be bought and sold as 'kabu' and also became a position of employment for the second and third sons of wealthy farmers and merchants, because they could make their living by being an ashigaru although their salaries were low.
- 以後、高橋・安曇の両氏が長官職を担当した時は「奉膳」を名乗り、(安曇氏は高橋氏との衝突の末、桓武天皇の頃に断絶し、奉膳職は高橋氏の世襲職となった)高橋氏・安曇氏以外の者が長官職を担当したときは「正」を名乗った。
- After that, when both the Takahashi and Azumi clans were in charge of the director post, they identified themselves as 'buzen' (after the Azumi clan was at strife with the Takahashi clan and was extinguished during the time of Emperor Kanmu, and thus the position of buzen became seshu shiki [hereditary agency] of the Takahashi clan) and when the other clans except for the Takahashi and Azumi clans were in charge of the director post, they identified themselves as 'Kami.'
- この説に対しては「知将とされる光秀が、このような謀反で天下を取れると思うはずがない」という意見や、「相手の100倍以上の兵で奇襲できることは、信長を殺すのにこれ以上ないと言える程の機会だった」という意見がある。
- One opinion on this theory is that such a masterful intellect as Mitsuhide would not think that he could come into power through such a rebellion, and that it was the best chance for Mitsuhide to kill Nobunaga quickly because Mitsuhide had more than 100 times as many soldiers as Nobunaga did.
- 抗戦派の今村は他26名とともに秋月へ戻り、秋月小学校に置かれていた秋月党討伐本部を襲撃し県高官2名を殺害、反乱に加わった士族を拘留していた酒屋倉庫を焼き払ったのち、分かれて逃亡したが、11月24日に逮捕された。
- Imamura of the resistance force returned to Akizuki together with 26 others, attacked the Akizuki-to suppression headquarters situated in Akizuki Elementary School, killed two prefectural high officials, burned down the liquor store warehouse where warrior class members joining the rebellion were kept in detention, and then separately escaped, but they were arrested on November 24.
- 天文博士の挙状によって後任の天文博士が任命される例はそれ以前にも存在していた(『朝野群載』)が、これ以後は安倍氏の天文博士が挙状によって自己の一族を天文博士・権博士に任命して世襲していくことが行われるようになった。
- Although there had been some precedent for new tenmon hakase to be appointed by a tenmon hakase's recommendation ('Choya gunsai (Collected Official and Unofficial Writings)'), from that point on, the tradition of tenmon hakase from the Abe family recommend their own kin for tenmon hakase or tenmongon no hakuji, keeping the positions in the family, was established.
- 氏姓制度(しせいせいど)とは、古代日本において、中央貴族、ついで地方豪族が、国家(ヤマト王権)に対する貢献度、朝廷政治上に占める地位に応じて、朝廷よりウヂの名とカバネの名とを授与され、その特権的地位を世襲した制度。
- Shisei Seido (the system of clans and hereditary titles) is a system made in ancient Japan in which the Imperial Court gave the nobles living in the capital and the powerful local clans a clan name and a hereditary title according to each person's degree of contribution to the state (Yamato Sovereignty) and the position the person occupies in the Government of the Imperial Court and let them kept the special privilege by the hereditary system.
- このことに不満を持った薩摩藩の過激派、有馬新七らは同じく薩摩藩の尊王派の志士、真木和泉・田中河内介らと共謀して関白九条尚忠・京都所司代酒井忠義 (若狭国小浜藩主)邸を襲撃することを決定し、伏見の船宿寺田屋に集まった。
- Dissatisfied with him, extremists in the Satsuma domain such as Shinshichi ARIMA conspired with devoted members of the royalist faction such as Izumi MAGI and Kawachinosuke TANAKA to carry out a raid on the residences of the chief adviser to the Emperor, Hisatada KUJO, and the Kyoto-shoshidai (commissioner dealing with police and judicial affairs in Kyoto), Tadaaki SAKAI (also the lord of the Obama domain in Wakasa Province), and they gathered at the Teradaya, an inn for sailors in Fushimi.
- しかし官人層内部での地位格差が広がり、律令体制が本来意図していた能力主義とは異質に、特定の氏族から世襲的に官人が供給されるようになると、官人の役割をその属する家系ごとに措定するようになり、家系ごとの専門化がすすんだ。
- However, as disparity of positions within government officials became wider and government officials became to be supplied from certain clans by heredity, not by meritocracy as intended by the ritsuryo system, roles of government officials became to be determined by the family lines to which they belonged and role of each family line became specialized.
- 高原奪還を目指す薩軍は7月17日、堀与八郎を全軍指揮長とし雷撃隊・鵬翼隊・破竹隊などの9個中隊を正面・左右翼・霞権現攻撃軍(鵬翼三番隊)の4つに分け、深夜に植松を発ち、正面・左右翼軍は暁霧に乗じて高原の官軍を奇襲した。
- On July 17, the Satsuma army, aiming at taking back Takahara, appointed Yohachiro HORI to Commander of all the forces and divided the nine companies from the troops including the Raigeki-tai troop, the Hoyoku-tai troop, and the Hachiku-tai troop into four units of the front, left, and right flanks, and the troop to attack Kasumi-gongen (the 3rd troop of the Hoyoku-tai troop), dispatched them from Uematsu in the midnight, and made the front, left and right flank troops launch a surprise attack on the government army in Takahara by taking the opportunity of the fog at the dawn.
- 明法家に代表される中世的職務世襲的家系の発生が令外の官の成立と深く影響しあっている例としては、検非違使の裁判権拡大にともない刑部省の量刑機能が失われていき、明法家が罪名を勘申することが広く定着していく様などに見られる。
- One example that emergence of medieval hereditary lineage of duties such as Myobo-ke and formation of ryoge no kan closely influence each other is the process in which the function of Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice) to determine appropriate punishment was lost as jurisdiction of kebiishi expanded and it became common for Myobo-ke to recommend charges.
- 先の襲津彦伝承に見たような対朝鮮外交を通して、葛城地方に定住することになった多くの渡来系集団が、葛城氏の配下で鍛冶生産(武器・武具などの金属器)を始めとする様々な手工業に従事し、葛城氏の経済力の強化に貢献したとみられる。
- Through the diplomacy that Sotsuhiko had with Korea as described above, it is likely that number of immigrant groups that have been settled in the Katsuraki region contributed in stregthening Katsuraki clan's economic power by being engaged in handycrafts such as smithery (arms and weapons) under the control of the Katsuraki clan.
- ただし、世習の場合はそれぞれの氏族が持つ特定の技能を世代を超えて継承されることで初めて官職を世襲することが可能になるものであり、何代も特定の官職を継承してきた家柄でもその能力を満たせなくなればその地位を失う可能性はあった。
- But in case of Seshu, they could not take over the government position until the specialized skill of each clan was handed down to them through generations, so there was a possibility of losing it unless they were skilled enough even though they were from the family line that had been in the government position for generations.
- 大内軍は間者を用いて大友軍の動きを調べ、動向を手の内にしたり、虚報を流して大友軍を翻弄したうえ、宇佐郡地頭の佐田氏の主、佐田朝泰の進言を容れ、佐田越えののち4月6日早朝、勢場ヶ原に抜け、大村山に籠もる大友軍の奇襲を図った。
- The Ouchi camp spied out the Otomo camp and embarrassed them, confused the Otomo camp by sending false reports to them -- Then, by taking the advice of Tomoyasu SADA, jito (Steward) in Usa-gun County and the head of the Sada clan, the Ouchi clan went over Sada, and in the early morning on May 28, 1534, went through to the Seiba ga haru field and made a surprise attack on the Otomo camp hidden in Mt. Omure.
- その後の日本では、元寇の時、蒙古・高麗軍が日本を襲ったことを、「蒙古高句麗の鬼が来る」といって怖れたことから、転じて恐ろしいものの代表として子供の躾けなどで、「むくりこくり、鬼が来る」とおどす風習などとなり全国に広がった。
- At the time of Genko, Japanese people were scared by the attacks of the Mongol and Goryeo army, saying, 'moko kokuri no oni ga kuru' (the devils of the Mongol and Goryeo will come), which phrase later came to represent something scary, and thus a tradition spread to the whole country to scare children by saying 'mukuri kokuri, oni ga kuru' to make them behave themselves.
- 後光厳、後円融天皇、後小松天皇、称光天皇と4代にわたって後光厳系が皇位についた一方、兄筋の崇光上皇の子孫は嫡流から排されて世襲親王家である伏見宮家として存続し、北朝内部でも皇位継承をめぐる両系統間の確執があったとされている。
- The 4 emperors of the Gokogon line, Emperors Gokogon, Koenyu, Gokomatsu, Shoko were on the throne, whereas descendants of Emperor Suko who were the elder brothers, were eliminated from the succeeding line and existed as the hereditary Imperial Prince line, the Fushiminomiya ke, and there is said to be a conflict between the two lines within the Northern Court regarding Imperial succession.
- その後、信長からの上洛参集要求などを拒んで対立した越前国の朝倉氏に対し、元亀元年(1570年)4月には信長が越前への侵攻を開始すると、朝倉との縁(同盟関係、主従関係とも)も深かった長政は信長から離反し、織田軍の背後を襲った。
- Later, because, in June 1570, Nobunaga started invading Echizen Province against the Azai clan of the province, who refused his demands such as gathering for going to the capital and came to have a conflict with him, Nagamasa, who had also close relationship (alliance and lord-vassal relationship) with Asakura, seceded from Nobunaga and attacked Oda troops from behind.
- 11月17日に遣唐使船が出航ほどなくして暴風が襲い、清河の大使船は南方まで漂流したが、古麻呂の副使船は持ちこたえ、12月20日に薩摩坊津に無事到着し、実に10年の歳月を経て仏舎利を携えた鑑真は宿願の渡日を果たすことができた。
- Soon after the departure on November 17, the Japanese envoy's ships hit by a heavy gale drifted to the southward, however the ship of vice envoy, Komaro, managed to keep its course to safely reach Bonotsu on December 20; indeed, it took as long as 10 years for Ganjin, who carried Buddha Relics with him, to finally realize his long-cherished desire to visit Japan.
- 自営業でなくても、親と同じ職種につくことは人脈や職務上必要とされる知識といった無形の財産をひきつぐ上で有利であるため、政治家、外交官、大学教員、芸能人など、社会的に突出した職業や地位の多くに、事実上の世襲が多くなる傾向がある。
- Even though it is not an independent enterprise, to take the same occupation as the parent is advantageous in terms of the succession of intangible assets such as goodwill, personal networks and the knowledge required in the course of their work; therefore, many of those occupations or positions that are regarded as socially outstanding such as politicians, diplomatic officials, academics, and entertainers tend to be passed on through the generations.
- 更に12世紀に入ると、官司の運営とそれに伴う収益、そうした業務の財源として確保されてきた官司領(官衙領)が世襲氏族によって官職そのものを含めた「職の体系」として私的に所有されるようになり、「知行」として行使されるようになった。
- Furthermore, in the twelfth century, the management and accompanying profit of Kanji and Kanjiryo that was maintained as the funds for the job (Kangaryo) began to be privately owned by the hereditary clans as part of the job system including the position itself and used as 'Chigyo (enfeoffment).'
- 規模はきわめて小規模で、当面の目標も栃木県庁落成式に出席する政府高官への襲撃程度のものであったが、自由党急進派は、前年の1883年(明治16年)後半以降、圧制打倒をめざして頻繁な交流を図り、同志的結合を強めていく傾向にあった。
- It was quite small in scale and its immediate aim was only attacking high-ranking government officials who attended the Tochigi Prefectural Government inauguration ceremony: Since the latter half of 1833 of the previous year, the Liberal Party radicals had frequent meetings and were in a direction of strengthening the unity of the like-minded members.
- 5世紀頃には、畿内の及びその周辺の中小豪族をトノモリ(殿守)・モヒトリ(水取)・カニモリ(掃守)・カドモリ(門守)など、宮廷の各種の職務を世襲的に分掌する「トモ」として、大王 (ヤマト王権)のもとに組織する体制が成立していた。
- Around the fifth century, a 'Tomo' system was already established under the great king (Yamato sovereignty), in which small and medium local ruling families in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) and areas around it were divided into various duties of the Imperial Court hereditarily, such as Tonomori, Mohitori, Kanimori, and Kadomori.
- 本圀寺の変(ほんこくじのへん・本國寺の変)とは、永禄12年1月5日 (旧暦)(1569年1月21日)に三好三人衆が京都本圀寺(当時の呼称は「本國寺」)に仮の御所(六条御所)を置いていた室町幕府征夷大将軍・足利義昭を襲撃した事件。
- The Incident of Honkoku-ji Temple, on January 31, 1569, was an attack of Miyoshi sanninshu (three chief retainers of the Miyoshi clan) on Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), who was in his temporary residence (Rokujo Palace) in Kyoto Honkoku-ji Temple (it was called 'Honkoku-ji' then).
- 『玉葉集』の名義は『万葉集』を思わせ、紀貫之の歌を巻頭に据えるなど、古歌を多く採っているが、それにも増してこの集の特色は、伝統を踏襲することを良しとせず、大胆にも斬新な表現上の技法を取り入れ、清新自由な歌風を創出したことにある。
- Although the title 'Gyokuyoshu' is reminiscent of 'Manyoshu' (Ten Thousand Poems), and similarly includes a number of older poems, including a poem by KI no Tsurayuki starting off the collection, its most salient characteristic was not in following tradition, but in boldly incorporating new techniques of expression, and creating a free and fresh new poetic style.
- だが、平安時代後期から官司請負制のもとで官職の世襲化が進み、大学寮の教官も特定の氏族の世襲となって、教官たちは世襲の存続のために自己の子弟・一族や限られた門人に対してのみ限定して、大学寮外の自宅などで教授するという家学化が進んだ。
- However, from the latter half of the Heian period government posts were transferred by heredity, as were the instructors of Daigakuryo; in order to keep the heredity system, family education developed, in which the instructors taught only their sons or selected disciples outside Daigakuryo, for example, in their own houses.
- 長禄の変(ちょうろくのへん)は、室町時代の長禄元年12月2日 (旧暦)(1457年12月27日)に赤松家遺臣らが後南朝の行宮を襲い、南朝の皇胤である尊秀王と忠義王(後南朝の征夷大将軍である)の兄弟を騙し討って、神璽を持ち去った事件。
- Choroku no hen was an incident that occurred on December 27, 1457 during the Muromachi period when former retainers of the Akamatsu family attacked angu (emperor's temporary palace) of Gonancho (Second Southern Court), made a surprise assault on the brothers of Sonshuo and Chugio who were descendants of the Southern Court emperor (the latter was a seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians' of the Southern Court), and took away Shinji (the sacred jewel).
- 雪中行軍が行われたのは、冬季によく見られる典型的な西高東低の気圧配置で、未曾有の寒気団が日本列島を襲っていた時で、日本各地で観測史上における最低気温を更新した日でもある(旭川で1月25日、日本最低記録である-41.0℃を記録した)。
- The march was carried out on the day of the lowest temperature ever recorded in the country (on January 25, -41.1 degrees Celsius, the lowest temperature ever observed in Japan, was recorded in Asahikawa) when Typical winter pressure patterns such as, the high-pressure area to the west, and the low-pressure area to the east, and an unprecedented cold air mass was covering the Japanese archipelago.
- 城の特徴は中国式山城の築城法でもってたすき状に築かれ、山の尾根づたいに望楼(物見やぐら)を配し、西麓の平地に面して高さ10メートル南北2キロメートルにわたる土塁・石塁をもって固め、その間に城門や水門等を造り、敵襲に備えたとみられる。
- It seems that the castle had the following characteristics to prepare against the attacks by the enemy: The castle was constructed in the shape of cross braces with the construction methods of the Chinese-style yamajiro; several watchtowers are placed along the ridge of the mountain; facing the flat ground at the west foot of the mountain, the earth and stone mounds which were 10 meters high were stretched into 2 kilometers from south to north to strengthen the defense; and castle gates and sluice gates were built between the both ends of the mounds.
- これは他の分野でも同様の現象が起きており、やがて特定の博士家が博士の職を世襲するために、家説を秘伝化・神秘化しながらこれに権威性と絶対性を与えていくことによって、学術そのものを氏族内部のみで世襲化する「家学」へと発展させることとなる。
- The same phenomena took place in other fields, and in order to take up the position of hakase by heredityparticular hakase families developed the learning itself into 'kagaku' inherited within the clan by making their family's theory esoteric and mystified, and by giving it authority and unequivocalness.
- 黒田俊雄は1965年の『日本の歴史8 蒙古襲来』で、『保暦間記』に書かれている嘉元の乱のあらすじを紹介して、「しかしこの作戦はまったくまずい...すべて行きづまってくると、権力欲の争いもくだらないやりかたになってくる」と書かれている。
- In his 'History of Japan Vol. 8, Mongol invasion attempts against Japan' published in 1965, Toshio KURODA introduced an outline of Kagen War written in 'Horyakukanki,' and wrote that 'However, this strategy is not good, and when everything comes to a dead end, even the power struggle becomes absurd as well.'
- そこで旧来の法令に欠けている分野を補完する目的で江戸幕府や諸藩の中で明王朝で使われた明律の研究が始められた(中国では既に清の時代に入っていたが、明の法律文献が多く日本に伝来していたことや清律も明律をほぼ踏襲していた事が影響している。)。
- Therefore, in order to supplement the areas lacking in traditional law, research on the Ming code, used in the Ming dynasty, began within the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and various clans (China was already in the Qing period, but many Ming legal documents were introduced in Japan and the Qing code mostly succeeded the Ming code).
- 永禄の変(えいろくのへん)は、永禄8年5月19日 (旧暦)(1565年6月17日)、三好三人衆(三好長逸・三好政康・岩成友通)と松永久秀らの軍勢によって室町幕府第13代征夷大将軍・足利義輝が京都・二条御所に襲撃され、討死した事件である。
- In the Eiroku Incident, troops led by the so-called 'Miyoshi Triumvirate' (Nagayuki MIYOSHI, Masayasu MIYOSHI and Tomomichi IWANARI) and Hisahide MATSUNAGA attacked and killed Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, the 13th Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), at the then Imperial Palace in Nijo, Kyoto on Eiroku 8, the 19th day of the 5th month (according to the old calendar) (June 17, 1565).
- 続く平治の乱では、「多田蔵人大夫頼範」(頼盛の誤伝か)なる人物が藤原信頼・源義朝方として三条殿襲撃に加わり、戦後恩賞として摂津守に任官されたことが『平治物語』にみえているが、その他の史料における所見はなく、多田源氏の動向は詳らかではない。
- According to 'Heiji Monogatari' (The tale of the Heiji), in the Heiji Disturbance, 'Tada kurodo dayu Yorinori (maybe a misunderstanding of Yorimori)' supported the Nobuyori FUJIWARA and Yoshitomo MINAMOTO side to attack Sanjo Palace together, so that he was appointed as governor of Settsu Province as a reward after the war, while it is unclear about the clan at that time as other historical materials do not mention Tada-Genji.
- 池田屋事件(いけだやじけん)は、江戸時代後期の元治元年6月5日 (旧暦)(1864年7月8日)に、京都三条通木屋町通(三条小橋)の旅館池田屋で京都守護職配下の治安維持組織である新撰組が、潜伏していた長州藩の尊皇攘夷派を襲撃した事件である。
- The Ikedaya Incident is the name given to an event that took place on July 8,1864 towards the end of the Edo Period in which the Shinsen-gumi, who was a peacekeeping organization under the Kyoto protectorate, attacked the imperial loyalist faction from Choshu who were hiding out at the Ikedaya Inn at Kiyamachi (Sanjou-Kobashi Bridge) on Sanjou-Street in Kyoto.
- 鎌倉幕府北条氏による後年の編纂書である『吾妻鏡』では、景時弾劾状に北条時政・北条義時の名は見られないが、景時の一行が襲撃を受けた駿河国の守護は時政であり、景時糾弾の火を付けた女官の阿波局 (北条時政の娘)は時政の娘で、実朝の乳母であった。
- Although in 'Azuma Kagami' a historical book edited by the Hojo clan of the Kamakura bakufu in later years, the names of Tokimasa HOJO and Yoshitoki HOJO do not appear in the letter of condemnation of Kagetoki, Tokimasa was the provincial constable of Suruga Province, where Kagetoki and his clan were attacked, and Awa no tsubone, a court lady, who triggered the accusation of Kagetoki, was a daughter of Tokimasa and the wet nurse of Sanetomo.
- なお、この一連の事件と純友との関係について純友軍の幹部に前山城掾藤原三辰がいる事や先の藤原子高襲撃事件などから、実は純友の勢力は瀬戸内海のみならず平安京周辺から摂津国にかけてのいわゆる「盗賊」と呼ばれている武装した不満分子にも浸透していた。
- Sumitomo was connected with a series of these incidents because 藤原三辰, the former Yamashiro no jo (an official of Yamashiro Province), was the senior commander of Sumitomo's army, and also because, ever since his attack on FUJIWARA no Sanetaka as mentioned above, his influence had become prevalent amongst not only pirates of the Seto Inland Sea, but also armed discontented elements, or 'robbers', based in the area between Heian-Kyo (the ancient capital in present-day Kyoto) and Settsu Province.
- 大和国の豪族・小川弘光とともに、吉野の奥で北山・川上に本拠を置いていた後南朝の行宮を長禄元年12月2日_(旧暦)(1457年12月27日)に襲撃、南朝の皇胤である自天王と忠義王(後南朝の征夷大将軍である)の兄弟を討ち倒して、神璽を持ち去った。
- Together with Hiromitsu OGAWA, gozoku (powerful kin group) in Yamato Province, the retainers attacked the angu of the Gonancho, based in Kitayama and Kawakami deep in Yoshino, on December 27, 1457, they defeated the brothers of Jitenno and Chugio who were descendants of the Southern Court emperor (the latter was a seii taishogun of the Gonancho), and took away the Shinji.
- 神戸市街地は1945年に大空襲を受けたため、現在の神戸市役所西側一帯にあった居留地時代(1899年以前)の建物で残っているのは旧居留地十五番館(旧アメリカ合衆国領事館、国の重要文化財)が唯一で、多く残る近代ビル建築は主に大正時代のものである。
- The urban areas of Kobe were devastated by the great air raids in 1945, so building No. 15 of the former settlement (the former consulate of the United States, and an important cultural property of Japan) was the only building left standing among those built in the settlement period (that is, before 1899) in the western area of the settlement, which corresponds to the vicinity of the present-day city hall of Kobe; most of the modern-era buildings that remain standing were built in the Taisho period.
- 実際に襲撃したのは現在の時刻で翌12月15日 (旧暦)(1月31日)に入っての未明午前4時頃であったが、江戸時代の慣習では日の出の明け六つ鐘(1月31日では6時45分頃)を1日の区切りとしたので、当時の日付としては「14日の斬り込み」となる。
- Although the time when they actually made the raid was around 4 a.m. on December 15 according to the old calendar (January 31 in the modern calendar), it is considered 'the raid on 14' since there was a custom to divide and start each day at sunrise (which was at 6:45 a.m. on January 31) in the Edo period.
- そして職業身分とは、平安時代後期の上層階級での社会的分業が、「イヘ」への職能として固定し、その文士、例えば陰陽の家とかいう形で「芸能」としての家業が固定され、官職までが世襲されるようになる段階で、同様に武士という職業身分の類型が生まれるとする。
- The 'job rank' referred to the specialized social job of the upper class during the late Heian period such as the writer or the house of yin-yang where the job function of 'art' became fixed to a 'house' as a family business, the court position became hereditary, at the same time as a similar form of bushi social rank was born.
- 合戦の状況を語る唯一の一次史料である霜月騒動覚聞書によると、11月17日の午前中、松谷の別荘に居た泰盛は、世間が騒がしくなった事に気付き、昼の12時頃塔ノ辻にある出仕用の屋形に出かけ、貞時邸に出仕したところを頼綱の手勢の襲撃を受けて殺害された。
- According to the Shimotsuki Incident note, the only primary archive describing the incident, when Yasumori was in his second house in Matsutani in the morning of December 21, he noticed a restlessness in the world and went back to his residence in Tonotsuji around midday to prepare to attend court, but he was attacked and killed by Yoritsuna's soldiers when he arrived at Sadatoki's residence.
- だが、公民や品部のように一般の戸籍には編入されず、「雑戸籍」という特殊な戸籍が作成されてその身分は技術とともに世襲化されて官司に直接付属されるなど、賎民に準じた扱いを受けていたと考えられている(ただし、一部には功労によって位階を授かる者もいた)。
- Zakko, however, are believed to have been treated in a similar way to senmin (with the exception of some who were given ikai [Court rank] in recognition of their contribution), as seen from the facts that they were registered not in the general family register in which citizens and shinabe (technicians in offices) were listed but in the special family register called 'zakkoseki,' and that they passed on their social status as well as skills in a hereditary manner under the direct control of government offices.
- 安元三年(1177)の都の火災、治承四年(1180)に同じく都で発生した竜巻およびその直後の遷都、養和年間(1181~1182)の飢饉、さらに元暦二年(1185)に都を襲った大地震など、その前半部分はもっぱら天変地異に関する記述を書き連ねている。
- The first part of the book focuses on natural calamities such as the Fire of Angen in 1177, the relocation of the capital that took place shortly after the whirlwind in 1180, the famine that occurred between 1181 and 1182, and the big earthquake that hit the capital in 1185.
- 探幽の作品のうち、江戸城と大坂城の障壁画は建物とともに消滅したが、名古屋城上洛殿の障壁画(水墨)は第二次大戦時には建物から取り外して疎開させてあったため空襲をまぬがれて現存しており、他に二条城二の丸御殿や大徳寺方丈の障壁画が現存する代表作である。
- Among Tanyu's works, the screen paintings in the Edo and Osaka castles were lost with the buildings, but the screen paintings (ink paintings) in Jorakuden of Nagoya Castle are existent, having avoided an air raid during World War II because they had been removed from the building and evacuated; additionally, the screen paintings in Ninomaru Palace of Nijo Castle and the hojo of Daitoku-ji Temple are among his best existent works.
- モンゴルから国号を改めた元 (王朝)は、1274年(文永11)10月に九州北部を襲撃したが、数日で撤退した(今日では、文永の役における元軍の撤退理由が暴風雨、いわゆる神風が吹いたためとする説は信憑性が低いとされ、威力偵察が主目的であったとされる)。
- The Yuan Dynasty which developed from the Mongol empire, attacked northern Kyushu in October 1274, but retreated after a few days (today, there is little credibility to the account that the reason for the retreat of the Yuan army during the Bunei War was a severe storm, the kamikaze (divine wind), and it is considered that the main reason for the attack was a reconnaissance of military strength).
- このように家康は小判を基軸とする「両」の貨幣単位による通貨の全国統一を理想としたが、四進法の計算の煩雑性、実質を重視する観点などから秤量銀貨を使用する商人の力は依然として強大で権力で抑えるまでには至らず、既存の体系を其のまま踏襲する形となったとされる。
- Like that, Ieyasu's ideal was the unification of the currency of the whole country using currency unit'Ryo' based on Koban, however, he was forced to follow the existing system due to cumbersome calculation of quaternary and powerful merchants who used a silver-by-weight standard for real value reasons who couldn't be supressed by authority.
- 2005年11月 京都・南座顔見世にて十種香の八重垣姫、曽根崎心中のお初、由縁の月の伊左衛門で上方歌舞伎の大名跡・四代目坂田藤十郎を襲名(但し、2006年歌舞伎座の初春興行では「四代目」を名乗っておらず、231年ぶりに復活させた名跡であるとしている)。
- In November 2005, he succeeded to the stage name, Tojuro SAKATA and became the fourth thereof, which is a great stage name in Kamigata-kabuki (the kabuki society in the Kansai region) when he played Yaegaki-hime, the princess of Jusshu-ko (10 kinds of incense), O-Hatsu of Sonezaki-shinju and Izaemon of Yuen-no-Tsuki in the all-actor show-up performance at the Minami-za theater in Kyoto (however, he didn't refer to himself as 'the fourth' in the New Year's performance at the Kabuki-za theater in 2006 but said the stage name was the one he had revived after its 231-year absence).
- 更に平安時代以来官司請負制のもとで暦博士を世襲してきた賀茂氏はその伝統と実績を背景として御暦奏を同氏の専権として主張するようになり、阿倍氏が陰陽頭であっても関与させないことを朝廷に認めさせるようになった(平経高『平戸記』仁治元年閏10月14日・22日条)。
- Besides that, Kamo clan, who had been taking over the post of rekihakase by succession in the government office contract system since the Heian period, thanks to its tradition and its experience, began to claim that goryakuso was its exclusive right and began to get the emperor to agree not to involve Abe clan in goryakuso even if they were Onmyonokami (according to 'Heikoki' by TAIRA no Tsunetaka on December 5 and 13, 1240).
- 19日、ついに爆発した義仲は法住寺殿を襲撃して火を放ち、法皇の徴兵に積極的に関与した天台座主の明雲や後白河法皇の皇子である円恵法親王など百余人を殺害、裸形の女房らが逃げまどう中、法皇と後鳥羽天皇を五条東洞院の摂政邸に幽閉して勝ち鬨の声をあげ、政権を掌握した。
- On the 19th, Yoshinaka, finally boiling over, attacked and set fire on Hojujidono Temple and killed more than a hundred people including the Tendaizasu Myoun and Monk-Prince Enkei, a son of Monk-Emperor Go-Shirakawa, who were actively involved in the Monk-Emperor's induction; while naked court ladies were running away he incarcerated the Monk-Emperor and Emperor Go-Toba in the Sessho's house in Gojo Higashi no Toin and raised a cry of triumph for capturing power.
- 実際、『三河物語』によると、同行しながらかなりの金品を持っていて家康従者に強奪されるのではと恐れて距離を置いていた穴山信君一行は、山城国綴喜郡の現在の木津川河畔(現在の京都府京田辺市の山城大橋近く)の渡しで、落ち武者狩りの土民に追いつかれ襲撃されて死んでいる。
- In fact, according to 'Mikawa Monogatari,' the group of Nobukimi ANAYAMA, who accompanied Ieyasu but kept a certain distance because he had a considerable amount of money and goods and was afraid of being robbed of them by Ieyasu's valets was caught up and killed by natives who were looking for fleeing defeated warriors at the ferry on the bank of the present Kizu River (in the vicinity of the present Yamashiro-Ohashi in Kyotanabe City, Kyoto Province) in Tsuzuki County, Yamashiro Province.
- 一般の慶長小判がV字型断面の鏨目になっているのに対し、不規則で細密なU字型断面の槌目で形状が縦長であり古朴な印象を受けるもので、長小判(ながこばん)とも呼ばれ、量目および金品位は武蔵墨書小判のものが踏襲され、その後の初期の慶長小判に引き継がれたものと思われる。
- It was also called Nagakoban due to its oblong shape, irregular and minute hammer tone of U shape cross section while ordinary Keicho Koban has straw matt tone of V shape cross section, and its ryome and gold carat followed that of Musashi Sumigaki Koban, being inherited by the early Keicho Koban later.
- また慶長13年(1608年)には、日蓮宗常楽院の日経が、尾張(愛知県)で浄土宗を批判したため、訴追されて江戸幕府に召還され、江戸城で浄土宗と問答を行うよう命じられたが、その前夜に暴徒に襲われ負傷した、もしくは病を称して問答に十分応えず、浄土宗の勝利に終わった。
- Also, in 1608, Nikkyo of Nichirenshu sect's Joraku-in Temple who criticized Jodoshu sect (Pure Land sect of Buddhism) in Owari Province (Aichi Prefecture) was prosecuted, called back to the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and ordered to hold a dialogue with Jodoshu sect at Edo-jo Castle, but failed in fully answering questions because he had been attacked and injured by a mob at the previous night or because he pretended he was sick, thus ending up a victory of Jodoshu sect.
- 壬午事変(じんごじへん)とは、1882年7月23日に、大院君らの煽動を受けて、李氏朝鮮のソウル特別市(後のソウル特別市)で大規模な兵士の反乱が起こり、政権を担当していた閔妃の政府高官や、日本人軍事顧問、日本外交官らが殺害され、日本公使館が襲撃を受けた事件である。
- The Imo incident, (also known as the Jingo incident) was a massive soldiers' revolt that occurred under the incitement of Daewongun on July 23, 1882, in Seoul special city during the Joseon Dynasty (same as the later Seoul Special City), during which many people such as high-ranking government officials of Queen Min's, a Japanese military advisor, and Japanese diplomat were killed, and the Japanese legation was attacked.
- 現存する養老律令の田令第5条(功田条)では、功績の大きさによって勲功者を大功・上功・中功・下功の四等に区分した上で、大功は功田を永久に世襲、上功は3世(曾孫)まで相続、中功は2世(孫)まで相続、下功は子まで相続、と各区分ごとに相続できる子孫の範囲が定められていた。
- The existing Yoro Ritsuryo Code stipulated in its provisions of Denryo (rice field law) Article 5, Article of Koden, that those who did meritorious deeds would be divided into four classes of Daiko, Joko, Chuko, and Geko according to the degree of their achievements from top to bottom, and that Daiko would be granted inheritance of their Koden generation to generation forever, Joko for three generations (down to great-grandchildren), Chuko for two generations (down to grandchildren), and Geko only to their children.
- 卑弥呼-台与の王統を継承しているとする説、壱与で王統が断絶し新たな王統が発生したとする説、初期ヤマト王権の王位は世襲ではなく有力豪族間で継承されたとする説、初期の王統は途中で断絶して4世紀前期ごろにミマキイリヒコ(崇神天皇)が新たな王統を開始したとする説などがある。
- Theories about the royal lines of the Yamato Kingdom include that it originated from Himiko and Toyo; that the first royal line ended with Iyo and a new one appeared; that the royal line during the beginning of the Yamato Kingdom was not heredity but was shared between different powerful families; that the first royal line died out and Mimakiirihiko (Emperor Sujin) started a new one around the beginning of the fourth century.
- 慶応3年12月7日 (旧暦)(1868年1月1日)、海援隊/陸援隊士ら総勢16名(15名とも)が、三浦休太郎、新選組らが天満屋2階にて酒宴を行っていたところを襲い、出会い頭に、十津川郷士の中井庄五郎が「三浦氏は其許か」というなり斬りつけ、三浦休太郎は、頬頤を負傷する。
- On January 1, 1868, 16 members in total (or another theory has 15 members) of Kaientai and Rikuentai assaulted Kyutaro MIURA and Shinsengumi, who were having drinks on the second floor of Tenmanya, and Shogoro NAKAI, who was a samurai from the Totsugawa area in Nara, slashed Kyutaro MIURA, injuring him on his cheek and jaw, as he bumped into MIURA, asking 'Are you MIURA?'.
- 酒呑童子と意気投合した茨木童子は舎弟となり共に周囲の村々を襲っていたが、そのうわさを聞いた母が、彼の幼い頃の産着を着けて茨木童子の前に立つと、茨木童子は急に子供の頃の想い出が甦ったか、「二度とこの地を踏まぬ」と約束して、酒呑童子とともに信州戸隠山などを経て京へと向かった。
- Ibaraki Doji, who had found such a kindred spirit in Shuten Doji, also became his henchman, and together they began raiding the villages nearby; Ibaraki's mother, after hearing rumors of his misdeeds, draped herself in his baby clothes and appeared before him, which suddenly caused him to be flooded with memories of his childhood, so he vowed that 'never shall I set foot in this region again,' and together with Shuten Doji, began to make his way towards the capital (Kyoto), passing through Mt. Togakushi in Shinano (Nagano).
- ただし、公家の日記に「直衣束帯」などの表記がある場合も、丁寧に解釈すると「直衣を着た者や束帯を着た者がいる」の意味である場合もあり、平安中期には「直衣束帯」という装束(直衣の袍・表袴・石帯・下襲等より成る)があったことも知られるなど、上記の説については厳密な検証が必要と思われる。
- However, when there are expressions such as 'noshi sokutai' in kuge diaries, they may mean 'there is someone in noshi or someone in sokutai' when you closely read them, and it is known there were shozoku called 'noshi sokutai' (composed of noshi no ho [round-necked robe]), ue no hakama (outer trousers), sekitai, shitagasane (long inner robe), etc. in the mid Heian period, so the theories above require rigorous verification.
- 「三職推任問題」は、本能寺の変の直前の出来事であり、その性質上、信長が即答可能な問題ではないこと、京への立ち寄りの理由の1つは、それへの返答にあったと考えられることは、上記根拠への疑問を投げかける(信長が返答することを阻止するためにこの日程で本能寺を襲ったと解する事は可能ではある)。
- The facts that 'sanshokusuininmondai' occurred immediately before Honnoji Incident and from its nature, it was not a matter for which Nobunaga could answer instantly and it seems that the purpose of making stopover at Kyoto was to give his answer raise a doubt with respect to the above-described grounds (It is possible to interpret that Mitsuhide attacked the Honno-ji Temple in order to prevent Nobunaga from giving an answer).
- しかも、世襲化されている旧来の姓(カバネ)ではなく、全く新たな姓(カバネ)である真人(まひと)・朝臣(あそん)・宿禰(すくね)・忌寸(いみき)を導入し、それらを賦与ないし継承させる氏上(うじのかみ)を直系親族に限定し、その許認可権すら当初は天武天皇自ら握っていたという事実は動かない。
- Furthermore, the fact remains that Emperor Tenmu introduced new kabane such as mahito, ason, sukune and imiki rather than using the ones that had already been passed on, that he allowed only the members of an immediate Imperial Family to be in the position of Ujinokami which had the right to give kabane, and that he even had the authority to give permission in the beginning.
- しかし、前述の菅原氏や大江氏など優秀な学者を代々輩出した一族や給料学生以外の学生でも勧学院より同じような学問料が支給された藤原氏(主として藤原北家日野流・藤原南家・藤原式家)などによる文章博士や文章生の世襲や文章博士による門人の推挙による一種の学閥化の風潮が次第に見られるようになった。
- However, there came the trend of forming kinds of academic cliques as the families which produced excellent scholars, such as the above mentioned Sugawara clan as well as the Oe clan and families like the Fujiwara clan (mainly Hino Line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan and the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan), which were able to receive similar education at Kangakuin (educational institutions) despite their not being kyuryo gakusei, started to pass down monjo hakase and monjosho and monjo hakase began recommending their followers to the positions.
- また、秀吉は当初は征夷大将軍への就任に意欲を示したとも言われているが実現せず、代わって偶発的事情から得た関白の地位を武家である豊臣氏による世襲制度(公家である藤原氏の五摂家を排除)に変更して、幕府制度に代わる武家関白制(ぶけかんぱくせい)とも言うべき体制を導入しようとしたと考えられている。
- It is said that after Hideyoshi's failure to accomplish his desire to become 'Seii Taishogun', he introduced a new system, 'the Kanpaku system by the samurai family' instead of the 'Bakufu' system; the status of 'Kanpaku' was given to him through accidental events, and he tried to change the status to the Toyotomi-clan hereditary system (by excluding five Fujiwara Gosekke (five top Fujiwara families whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and Kanpaku)).
- 平将門の乱において平将門が国司襲撃という公に対する反逆行為に出るまで鎮圧を行わなかったこと(逆に私戦を行って秩序を乱している点では対立する平貞盛なども同一であり、将門の乱初期においては将門に貞盛追討が命じられたこともある)や後三年の役において源義家の配下に恩賞を与えなかった事がその例である。
- One of the examples is that TAIRA no Masakado's War was not suppressed until TAIRA no Masakado staged a rebellious act attacking a provincial governor (although TAIRA no Sadamori on the opposing side was similar in that he had disturbed the peace and at the beginning of Masakado's War he had been ordered to hunt down and kill Sadamori), and another example is that, for the Go Sannen no Eki (Later Three-Year Campaign), reward grants were not given to the subordinates of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie.
- そして2年後、秀頼は右大臣に昇ったものの、この年に家康は将軍職も2年後に息子徳川秀忠に譲って将軍職の世襲の意思を表し、同じ年に九条兼孝に代わって一連の問題の発端となった近衛信尹(信輔改め、慶長6年(1601年)左大臣還任)が相論発生以来21年目にして関白に任命されて五摂家による持ち回りが復活した。
- Two years later, Hideyori was elevated to the position of Udaijin, and yet, Ieyasu yielded the position of Shogun to his son, Hidetada TOKUGAWA, showing his determination to pass down the position by hereditary succession; in the same year, in place of Kanetaka KUJO, Nobutada KONOE (whose name had changed from Nobusuke and who had been reinstated to Sadaijin in 1601) was appointed to Kanpaku for the first time in twenty-one years since he had started the soron, having caused a series of troubles thereafter; here, the tradition of rotating the position of Kanpaku among the five sekke was restored.
- 律令制の衰退によって朝廷自体が天皇家の家政機関としての色彩を強めてくると、内蔵頭には蔵人頭や弁官・近衛府を歴任した四位の殿上人が就任するのが慣例となり、更に院政期には財力を有する有力な受領に移り、室町時代初期には山科家の当主が御厨子所別当を兼務して就任するようになると、以後同家の事実上の世襲となった。
- As the Ritsuryo system declined and the court itself started to function as the institution to manage the Emperor's family's household, it became tradition for the position of Kuranokami (the chief of Kuraryo) to be filled by court officials of the fourth rank that had previously been Kurodonoto (the chief of Kurodo Dokoro) or worked in the Benkan (clerical section) or Konoefu (Imperial palace guards), and then in the period of governments by cloistered emperors became a position for prominent Zuryo (head of provincial government) with strong financial power, and in the early Muromachi period, the Yamashina family held the position together with the position, Mizushidokoro Betto (superintendent of the cooking section for the emperor), and it has been essentially their hereditary post ever since.
- 義朝側の戦力は、三条殿襲撃に参加した源重成・源光基・源季実、信西を追捕した源光保などの同盟軍、子息の義平・源朝長・頼朝、叔父・源義隆、信濃源氏・平賀義信などの一族、鎌田正家・後藤実基・佐々木秀義などの郎等により形成され、義朝の勢力基盤である関東からは、三浦義澄・上総介広常・山内首藤氏などが参戦したに過ぎなかった。
- The warriors fighting on Yoshitomo's side included MINAMOTO no Shigenari, MINAMOTO no Mitsumoto, and MINAMOTO no Hidezane, all of whom had taken part in the raid on the Sanjo Palace, and MINAMOTO no Mitsuyasu and others who had tracked down and captured Shinzei, as well as Yoshitomo's sons Yoshihira, Tomonaga, and Yoritomo and his uncle MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka and Yoshinobu HIRAGA and others of the Shinano branch of the Minamoto clan, and his army took shape around his retainers, including Masaie KAMATA, Sanemoto GOTO, and Hideyoshi SASAKI; yet from the Kanto, the source of Yoshitomo's power, only a handful, including Yoshizumi MIURA, Hidetsune KAZUSANOSUKE (TAIRA no Hidetsune), and some warriors of the Yamanouchi-Sudo clan were present to fight with him.
- 松平定信が随筆『閑なるあまり』で、足利義政の茶の湯、大内義隆の学問とともに今川氏真の和歌を挙げて戒めている様に、江戸時代中期以降に書かれた文献の中では、和歌や蹴鞠といった「文弱」な娯楽に溺れ国を滅ぼした暗君として描かれていることが多く、このイメージは今日の歴史小説や歴史ドラマにおいてしばしば踏襲されている人物像である。
- Just as Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA admonishes in 'Shizukanaru Amari,' which he authored, by citing Ujizane IMAGAWA's waka poems along with the tea ceremony of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA and the learning of Yoshitaka OUCHI, in the documents written after the mid-Edo Period Ujizane is often described as an inept lord who destroyed his province by spending too much time in 'weak culture' such as waka poetry and kemari, and this image often persists in portraying his character in today's historical novels and period dramas.
- 国家権限の委譲とこれによる中央集権の過大な負担の軽減により、中央政界では政治が安定し、官職が特定の家業を担う家系に世襲される家職化が進み、貴族の最上位では摂関家が確立し、中流貴族に固定した階層は中央においては家業の専門技能によって公務を担う技能官人として行政実務を、地方においては受領となって地方行政を担った(平安貴族)。
- The transmission of governmental power and authority reduced the burden of the government, which enabled political stabilization of the central government, and facilitated the transfer of government posts according to heredity: among the aristocracy, the highest became Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), the middle-class carried out administrative affairs based on the specialized skills related with their family businesses in the central government and carried out administration as Zuryo in the local regions (Nobles in the Heian period).
- 現在、大阪城天守閣で所蔵されている、自らも大坂の役に参戦した黒田長政が絵師を集めて描かせたとされる屏風絵「大坂夏の陣図屏風」の左半分には、徳川方の雑兵達が大坂城下の民衆に襲い掛かり、偽首を取る様子や略奪を働き身包みを剥がすところ、さらには川を渡って逃げる民衆に銃口を向ける光景、そして女性を強姦にする様子などが詳細に描かれている。
- At the left hand of painting of 'Osaka Natsu no Jinzu Byobu' (Folding screen with painting of Summer Sieze of Osaka) in the possession of the Tenshukaku (keep or tower) of Osaka-jo Castle, which Nagamasa KURODA who joined in the war ordered painters to make, there are detailed scenes that warriors of Tokugawa side assaulted the public in the town of Osaka-jo Castle, trying to get nisekubi (fake head as a proof to kill someone for awards), plundering and despoiling their possessions including clothes, shooting those who try to escape crossing over river, and raping women, and so on.
- しかし、仮にそうであった場合でも、律令的氏姓制度が形骸化するに連れて、氏(ウヂ)と姓(カバネ)とが世襲化により一体化され、その構成員もいたずらに増え過ぎてしまったため、のちにヤマト王権(天武天皇)自身が八色の姓(やくさのかばね)によって全く新たな官位制度と連動させつつ氏姓の制(うじかばねのせい)を実質的に無意味化せざるを得なかった。
- However, even if it was the case, Emperor Tenmu (Yamato sovereignty) had to create the Yakusa no Kabane system which resulted in the dysfunction of the original kabane system since the kabane were given to too many people, and uji and kabane became integrated through heredity as the system of clans and hereditary titles based on a ritsuryo legal code remained simply as a form.
- 近代においてもこの形式が踏襲されているが、色目は自由度が増して、昭和天皇の皇女の細長は各種の重ねで調進されており、戦後も清子内親王のそれは紅亀甲地に白松唐草の上紋の二重織物、眞子内親王のそれは紅亀甲地に複数の色糸で白菊折枝を織った二重織物、愛子内親王のそれは紅三重襷地に複数の色糸で白菊折枝の丸(中倍薄紅裏萌黄)を織った二重織物となっている。
- Although this form is followed even in the modern times, the degree of freedom on irome (color combinations) has increased and the Emperor Showa's daughters' hosonaga are ordered with many kasane (a sort of layered garment), and also after the war, that of Princess Sugako is of double fabrics of arabesque pattern of white pine upper design on red hexagonal pattern base, and that of Princess Mako is of double fabrics with a white chrysanthemum on a branch woven with plural colored threads on red hexagonal pattern base, and that of Princess Aiko is of double fabrics of circles of white chrysanthemums on a branch (usu kurenai for nakabe, moegi for ura (background), a combination of colors) woven with plural colored threads on kurenai mie tasukiji (a sort of pattern) background.
- 江戸幕府は貨幣の全国統一を行うべく、三貨制度(小判、丁銀、銭貨)の整備を行ったが、これは既存の貨幣流通すなわち、大坂の商人を中心とする極印銀すなわち秤量銀貨の流通と、庶民の渡来銭の使用に加えて、武田信玄が鋳造させた甲州金の貨幣単位である「両」、「分」、「朱」を踏襲したものであり、家康の尊敬する武将であった信玄の甲州金の四進法の体系を採用したのであった。
- Edo bakufu improved three currency system (Koban, Chogin [collective term of silver]and coin) to unify the currency of the whole country: it consited of the existing currency circulation; hallmark silver which was a silver-by-weight standard used by mainly merchants in Osaka and Torai-sen (imported currency from China) used among commers, and the currency unit, 'Ryo' 'Bu' and 'Shu', based on quarternary system of Koshu gold which was cast by the order of Shingen TAKEDA whom Ieyasu looked up to.
- 清公以後、博士が学生と私的な師弟関係を結ぶきっかけとなり一種の学閥の形成が進むとともに、子弟の教育に力を注いだ(勿論、後継者である是善・道真の才能による部分も大きいが)ことによって菅原氏から世襲的に文章博士が輩出されるようになったため、才用(実力)があれば家柄や人脈にとらわれず評価されるべきであると主張した都腹赤(都良香の伯父)をはじめとする他の文章博士の反感を買った。
- Starting with Kiyokimi, instructors at the Academy began to have personal interactions with their students as master and pupils, leading to the creation of a kind of school clique as well as a more concentrated effort by instructors like Kiyokimi truly to teach their students (of course, the contribution to this new system made by Kiyokimi's talented successors Koreyoshi and Michizane is also quite large) and as a result, the position of Monjo hakase became a more or less hereditary one, held by many from the Sugawara clan; this earned the clan the resentment of all the other Monjo hakase, especially MIYAKO no Haraaka (uncle of MIYAKO no Yoshika), who insisted that ability (real merit) should be the key to success, not birth privilege or personal connections.
- また、旧薩摩藩士の心情として、鹿児島属廠の火薬・弾丸・武器・製造機械類は藩士が醵出した金で造ったり購入したりしたもので、一朝事があって必要な場合、藩士やその子孫が使用するものであると考えられていた事もあり、私学校徒は中央政府が泥棒のように薩摩の財産を搬出した事に怒るとともに、当然予想される衝突に備えて武器・弾薬を入手するために、夜、草牟田火薬庫を襲って弾丸・武器類を奪取した。
- Since all the gunpowder, bullets, arms, and making machinery in the Kagoshima arsenal had been constructed or purchased with the money contributed by the then retainers of the Satsuma Domain, the former retainers took it for granted that these things were to be used by the retainers and their descendants in an emergency; therefore, because the Shigakko students got angry with the central government for carrying the domain's property out from there like a thief and for the purpose of being prepared with arms and ammunition for a possible conflict with the central government, they made a night attack on the powder house at Somuta and seized bullets and arms.
- また、上奏する資格も平安時代中期以後には天文博士を世襲した阿倍氏と局務の中原氏の両家のみに限定されるようになっていく(なお、中原氏の天文密奏は醍醐天皇の時代の中原以忠(後に天禄2年(972年)に宗家の中原有象とともに中原のカバネを与えられて同氏の祖となる)に遡り、同氏本来の外記の職務とは別に同氏が家学としていた明経道の出典である漢籍には天文現象の解釈に関する記述が含まれていることが多く、天文道に通じた人物を輩出することが多かった事によるとされている)。
- After the mid Heian period, such direct access to the emperor was only allowed to the Abe clan whose hereditary occupation was tenmon hakase and the Nakahara clan which was kyokumu (the chief secretary of the Daijokan, or Grand Council of State); incidentally, the Nakahara clan had assumed the role of tenmon misso from Mochitada NAKAHARA in the tenure of Emperor Daigo (afterwards in 972, he was granted the family name of NAKAHARA along with Uzo NAKAHARA [中原有象] of the head family and originated the clan), allegedly because, besides the clan's hereditary occupation of Geki [Secretary of the Grand Council of State], it inherited the family learning of Myogo-do [the study of Confucian classics] and used many Chinese classics as source books, many of which contained elucidation of astronomical phenomena so that the clan produced many persons well versed in tenmondo.
- 幕府軍によって変の首謀者たちが討たれ、剣が奪い返された後も神璽は後南朝に持ち去られたままであったが、1457年(長禄元年)に至って、1441年(嘉吉元年)の嘉吉の乱で取り潰された赤松氏の復興を願う赤松家遺臣の石見太郎、丹生屋帯刀、上月満吉らが、大和国・紀伊国国境付近の北山(奈良県吉野郡上北山村か)あるいは三之公(同郡川上村 (奈良県))に本拠を置いていた後南朝に臣従すると偽って後南朝勢力を襲い、南朝の末裔という自天王・忠義王兄弟を殺害して神璽を奪い返した(長禄の変)。
- Shogunal forces hunted down and executed the ringleaders of the Incident and recaptured the sword, but the Grand Jewels remained with the Gonancho forces who fled in 1457, the surviving retainers of the Akamatsu clan - which had been crushed in the Kakitsu Rebellion of 1441 - including Taro ISHIMI, Tatewaki NIUNOYA, and Mitsuyoshi KOZUKI, wishing to restore the Akamatsu clan's fortunes, went to the Gonancho headquarters at Kitayama near the provincial borders of Yamato and Kii Provinces (possibly referring to modern-day Kamikitayama village in Yoshino district, Nara Pref.), or perhaps at Sannoko (in Kawakami village of Yoshino district, Nara Pref.), and pretended to become vassals of the Gonancho before turning on them and striking down many of their forces, murdering Princes Jitenno and Tadayoshiten who were brothers and Imperial descendants of the Southern Court bloodline, before recapturing the Grand Jewels (in what became known as the Choroku Incident).
- この日、西郷を中心に作戦会議が開かれ、小兵衛の「海路から長崎を奪い、そこから二軍に分かれて神戸・大阪と横浜・東京の本拠を急襲」する策、野村忍介の「三道に別れ、一は海路で長崎に出てそこから東上、一は海路から豊前・豊後を経て四国・大坂に出てそこから東上、一は熊本・佐賀・福岡を経ての陸路東上」する策即ち三道分進策が出されたが、小兵衛・野村忍介の策は3隻の汽船しかなく軍艦を持たない薩軍にとっては成功を期し難く、池上の「熊本城に一部の抑えをおき、主力は陸路で東上」する策が採用された。
- On the same day, SAIGO held a council of war, and Kohei proposed the plan that 'the troops should attack Nagasaki from sea and then divide into two groups, one of which would raid Kobe and Osaka and the other of which would raid Yokohama and the headquarters in Tokyo', whereas Oshisuke NOMURA proposed the plan of heading east through three courses that 'the army should divide into three groups, one of which would go to Nagasaki by sea and head east from there, another of which would go to Shikoku and Osaka by sea through Buzen and Bungo Provinces and head east from there, and the other of which would head east by land through Kumamoto, Saga, and Fukuoka,' but both of the plans seemed to have little chance of succeeding for the Satsuma army, which had no warship but only three steamships; finally, they adopted the IKEGAMI's plan of 'deploying part of the army in Kumamoto Castle to defend the region and having the main force headed east by land.'
- その内容ははなはだ多様であって一概に語ることはむずかしいが、(1)世襲による家元に流儀の芸事に関する規範性・正統性を求め、流儀の同一性を保持すること、(2)家元を政治的な権威として流儀内の統率を行い、上意下達方式を中心にして流儀の運営を行うこと、(3)経済的には流儀内の素人、玄人(職分)などから資金を集めこれを流儀全体のために家元が再分配するかたちをとっていること、(4)免状発行の権限が家元にあること、(5)家元個人またはその家の私的な部分と流儀の公的な部分とが未分化な状態にあり、家元の存在そのものが流儀の根幹にかかわる制度をしいていること、などが特徴として挙げられる。
- Although this system cannot be defined clearly because of its diversity, here are some characteristics: (1) hereditary Iemoto exists as a normative and legitimate model with regard to the school's accomplishments in order to preserve the identity of the style; (2) as a political authority, Iemoto leads and manages the school by top-down control system; (3) financially, Iemoto redistributes money collected from novices, experts, et al. to the entire school; (4) Iemoto has the authority to issue certificates; (5) Iemoto himself or herself is at the core of the school, and Iemoto's or his/her family's private matters and the school's public matters are not clearly differentiated.