Honyaku Star - Search: 褒

褒: 352 Terms and Phrases

褒
praise
extol

褒ジ
Bao Si

朱褒
Zhu Bao

褒章
medal of honour
medal of merit
Medals of Honor (Japan)

褒賞
medal (of merit)
prize
reward
Rewards

褒称
praising
admiring
exalting

褒奨
compensation

褒美
reward
prize

褒辞
praise
eulogy

褒状
certificate of merit
honorable mention
honourable mention

褒貶
praise and censure
criticism

褒沢
Hozawa

過褒
overpraise

褒澤
Hozawa

ご褒美
reward
prize

褒奨金
cash bonus
reward
bounty

褒言葉
words of praise
eulogy
compliment

能褒野
Nobono

我褒め
self-praise

仲間褒
logrolling
mutual admiration

褒め詞
words of praise
eulogy
compliment

褒める
to praise
to admire
to speak well
commend
compliment

褒忠郷
Baozhong, Yunlin

褒め奉る
to praise
to render homage to

能褒野町
Nobonochou

能褒野橋
Nobonobashi

藍綬褒章
Medal with Blue Ribbon

緑綬褒章
Medal with Green Ribbon (virtuous conduct)

毀誉褒貶
praise and censure
public criticisms
praise and criticism

紫綬褒章
Medal with Purple Ribbon

紫綬褒賞
purple-ribboned medal awarded for scholarly or artistic achievement

紅綬褒章
Medal with Red Ribbon

紺綬褒章
Medal with Dark Blue Ribbon

黄綬褒章
Medal with Yellow Ribbon (outstanding service)

褒め称す
to praise
to extol

褒め殺し
backhanded compliment
making fun of someone via excessive praise

褒め殺す
to compliment and criticize lavishly (criticise)

褒め合い
logrolling tactics

褒め歌う
to sing praises to

褒め言葉
words of praise
eulogy
compliment

べた褒め
high praise
eulogy
rave review

能褒野神社
Nobono Shrine

褒め立てる
to praise
to extol
to applaud

褒め上げる
to praise to the skies
extol

褒めそやす
to praise
to extol

褒めちぎる
to praise (to the skies)
to sing the praises (of)
to extol

褒め称える
to admire
to praise
to applaud
eulogistic
eulogize

褒めること
praise

褒められる
respectable

褒めるに足る
commendable

- 紫綬褒章。
- He received the Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon.

紫綬褒章受賞。
He is recipient of the Medal with Purple Ribbon award.

べた褒め(する)
praise to the skies

- 紫綬褒章受賞
Shiju hosho (medal of honor with purple ribbon)

褒め言葉を与える
hand it to a person

褒美を与えてやる
throw someone a fish

異常なほど褒める
praise extravagantly

卑屈な方法で褒める
flatter in an obsequious manner

褒章：いけばな褒賞杯
Medals of Honor: Ikebana Hosho-hai (a medal of honor for Ikebana)

1990年　紫綬褒章
1990: The Medal with Purple Ribbon

昭和50年藍綬褒章
1975 Medal with Blue Ribbon

昭和35年紺綬褒章
1960 Medal with Dark Blue Ribbon

76年紺綬褒章受章。
1976: Received the Medal with Dark Blue Ribbon.

1998年　紫綬褒章
1998: Awarded Shiju Hosho (the medal of honor with purple ribbon).

1977年：紫綬褒章
1977: Shiju hosho (medal of honor with purple ribbon)

1968年、紫綬褒章。
In 1968, Shiju hosho (medal of honor with purple ribbon).

1998年に紫綬褒章。
The Medal with Purple Ribbon in 1998.

彼に資格がなかった褒賞
a distinction to which he was unentitled

彼はそれをべた褒めした
he gave it a rave

1980年、褒章受章。
He was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1980.

紫綬褒章（1996年）
Shiju hosho (Medal of Honor with purple ribbon) (1996)

1995年紫綬褒章受賞。
In 1995, he received Shiju-hosho (the Medal with Purple Ribbon).

2008年紫綬褒章受章。
In 2008, he received Shiju-hosho (the Medal with Purple Ribbon).

2000年紫綬褒章受章。
In 2000 was awarded the Medal with Purple Ribbon.

1997年紫綬褒章受章。
1997: Received the Medal with Purple Ribbon.

1996年紫綬褒章受章。
1996: Received the Medal with Purple Ribbon.

2006年紫綬褒章受賞。
2006: Received the Medal with Purple Ribbon.

1971年：紺綬褒章受章。
1971: He received the Medal with Dark Blue Ribbon.

1983年、紫綬褒章受章。
He was awarded Shiju-hosho (Medal of Honor with the Purple Ribbon) in 1983.

昭和46年黄綬褒章を受章。
He was awarded the Ojuhosho (Medal with a Yellow Ribbon for industriousness) in 1971.

1994年紫綬褒章受章。
1994: Awarded the Shiju Hosho (Order of the Purple Ribbon).

紫綬褒章受賞（1992年）
Received the Medal with Purple Ribbon (1992)

1995年　紫綬褒章受章。
1995 Won the 'Shiju hosho' (medal of honor with purple ribbon).

1997年、紫綬褒章受章。
In 1997, Fukasaku is awarded the Shiju hosho (medal of honor with purple ribbon).

十五両の褒賞金を受けている。
He received an award of fifteen ryo for the success in the Ikedaya Incident.

東京大学教授、紫綬褒章受賞。
He was a professor of Tokyo University and a recipient of Shiju hosho (medal of honor).

お褒めにあずかって光栄です。
I'm really flattered to hear that.

褒めると彼女はうぬぼれるよ。
Too much praise will turn her head.

彼は彼女の黄金色の髪を褒めた
he admired the gold of her hair

褒賞金として十五両得ている。
Kuranosuke received a reward of 15 ryo (the term ryo was the unit of gold currency) after the Ikedaya Incident.

1973年11月、藍綬褒章。
In November 1973, he won Ranju hosho (the Medal with Blue Ribbon).

1980年11月、紫綬褒章。
In November 1980, he won Shiju hosho (the Medal with Purple Ribbon).

褒美として槍をいただきました。
We received spears as a reward.

みんな彼のことを褒めたたえる。
Everyone speaks highly of him.

人に褒められて悪い気はしない。
No one feels displeased when he is praised.

以後も褒章の種類が追加される。
Afterward, more kinds of medals were added.

奮戦し、十五両の褒賞金を賜る。
He was given 15-ryo (unit of currency) as a reward for his contribution.

後に十五両の褒賞金を得ている。
He was granted an award of 15 ryo afterwards.

褒め称える人は大勢いるんだから、
There are people enough to praise him.

褒賞金として金十五両を得ている。
Ryozo received a reward of 15 ryo (the term ryo was the unit of gold currency).

壬申の年の功を褒めたためという。
Those were rewards for his service in the year of Jinshin (the Jinshin War).

1972年（昭和47年）紫綬褒章。
In 1972, he was awarded the shiju hosho (medal of honor with a purple ribbon).

自然界には褒美もなければ罰もない。
In nature there are neither rewards nor punishments.

どの新聞も彼の勇気を褒めたたえた。
His courage was celebrated in all the newspapers.

彼女のスリムでスムーズな腿を褒める
admiring the slim smoothness of her thighs

後に褒賞金として十七両を得ている。
He was granted an award of 17 ryo afterwards.

1997年（平成9年）紫綬褒章受賞。
He was awarded Shiju-hosho (Medal of Honor with the Purple Ribbon) in 1997.

みんな口を極めて彼女を褒めちぎった。
Everybody praised her to the skies.

あなたの上司は、あなたを褒めますか？
Did your boss write you up?

語り部によって毀誉褒貶の差が激しい。
Depending on the person, the difference between approval and disapproval was great.

その功により褒賞金17両を賜っている。
He was given a financial incentive of 17-ryo (old currency unit) for this merit.

彼がお客様からお褒めの言葉を頂戴した。
He was praised by the customer.

私達はリハーサルで彼の演技を褒め称えた
we congratulated him on his performance at the rehearsal

褒章条例（明治14年太政官布告第63号）
Ordinance on Medals of Honor (Dajokan Fukoku No. 63 of 1881)

栄典の一種である褒章について定めた布告。
Awarding of Medals of Honor was promulgated.

併せて八咫烏を「幸を運ぶ鳥」と褒賞した。
In addition, he praised yatagarasu as 'the bird that brings happiness.'

船が無事に帰ってくれば褒美が与えられる。
If the ship came back safely, the Jisai would be entitled to rewards.

頼朝はしきりに喜び、景義に褒美を与える。
Yoritomo was deeply pleased, and rewarded Kageyoshi.

1962年紫綬褒章、1964年文化功労者。
In 1962, he was awarded Shiju hosho (Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon), and in 1964, he was selected for Bunkakorosha (Person of Cultural Merits).

すると彼女はまたしても、少年を褒めそやした。
and she again commended him.

彼はその年の最良の作家として褒め称えられた。
He was acclaimed as the best writer of the year.

彼女は彼を責めるどころか、彼に褒美をあげた。
Far from blaming him, she gave him a reward.

現在、清助の子孫の家に褒状のみ現存している。
Currently, only the award certificate exists in the house of Seisuke's descendant.

開墾に関わる業績から緑綬褒章を受章している。
He was awarded a Medal with a Green Ribbon for his achievements regarding reclamation work.

一、朝夕の食事はうまからずとも褒めて食ふべし。
You shall have every meal by speak well of it even it is unpalatable.

危険を共有したのなら、褒美も共有すべきである。
He who shares the danger ought to share the prize.

1999年伝統文化ポーラ賞受賞、紫綬褒章受章。
In 1999, he received the Pola Award for Traditional Culture and also the Shiju-hosho (Medal of Honor with the Purple Ribbon).

明治6年積年の神楽奉仕を褒賞され、同年隠居した。
In 1873 Takanaka gained kudos for years of his involvement in the kagura (ceremonial Shinto music and dances) service and went into retirement.

「善哉」とは仏が弟子を褒める時に使う言葉である。
The 'zenzai' was the word used by Buddha to praise his disciples.

1989年（平成元年）　紫綬褒章、日本芸術院会員
1989: honored with Shijuhosho, and as a member of the Japan Art Academy

彼は先生に褒められたのでますます熱心に勉強した。
He studied the harder because he was praised by his teacher.

天下平穏となり、天皇は御肇国天皇と褒め称えられる。
The nation was at peace and the emperor was praised as Hatsukunishirasu Sumera Mikoto.

Xができたと山田先生からお褒めの言葉を頂きました。
I was complimented by Mr./Ms. Yamada for doing X.

見事に褒章を受けるも、自信の回復には至らなかった。
There he received a medal, but this did not restore his confidence.

半割札を買った場合、褒美金はもちろん2分の1になる。
In case of a divided ticket in half, the prize money was also a half.

その時は、アレ二人心中ぢやと、誰がお前を褒めますぞえ
Then people will say we killed ourselves in a suicide pact and nobody will praise us.

政子のこの言葉に頼朝は怒りを鎮めて静に褒美を与えた。
Masako's words calmed Yoritomo's anger and he rewarded Shizuka for her performance.

私は鳩たちがその箱の上によじ登った褒美に餌を与えた。
I rewarded my pigeons with food for climbing onto the box.

彼女は、その晩とてもきれいに見えた自分の娘を褒めた。
She admired her daughter, who looked lovely that evening.

群集が馬車のあとに続き、声高に褒めたたえるのでした。
Crowds followed the cab, cheering it lustily;

この戦いの褒賞として讃岐国（現香川県）を与えられる。
As an incentive award for the battle, he was given Sanuki Province (present-day Kagawa Prefecture).

私は鳩たちがその箱の上によじ登ったご褒美に餌を与えた。
I rewarded my pigeons with food for climbing onto the box.

そして、褒美をやるから、それを飲み干すようにと命じた。
commanding him to drink it on the promise of a reward.

兵士は敵を倒すことで褒賞をもらえるに違いないからです。
that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy, they must have their rewards.

家康はこれを褒め「今の世の良将である」と語ったという。
It is said that Ieyasu highly appreciated this and said that 'he is a good warrior in this age.'

1941年、紫綬褒章、1947年勲四等旭日小綬章受章。
He received the Shiju hosho (medal of honor with purple ribbon) in 1941 and Kun Yonto Kyokujitsu Shojusho in 1947.

法界坊は褒美ほしさに宝物を奪い恋敵の要助を窮地に陥れる。
Hokaibo, who wants rewards, steals the treasured heirloom and put Yosuke, who is his rival, into a tight corner.

戦闘時は土佐国浪士・大秋鼎を斬殺し、褒賞金を賜っている。
In the fight he killed Kanae OAKI, a Roshi from the Tosa Domain, and received reward money for it.

面と向かってあなたを褒めるような人を信用してはいけない。
Do not trust such men as praise you to your face.

褒賞金として矢口謙助と同じ、金七両二分を受け取っている。
Higuma received a reward of 7 ryo 2 bu (the terms ryo and bu were the unit of gold currency in Edo; 1 ryo being equal to 4 bu equal to 16 shu, where the ryo, bu and shu are denominational units), which was the same amount of money as that given to Kensuke YAGUCHI.

臣下を招いて双六を講じた際に臣下に対し褒美を与えたという。
It is said that he rewarded his subjects when he played Sugoroku with them.

極楽寺での武芸大会で宗尊親王から褒め称えられた逸話もある。
There is a story that he was praised by the Imperial Prince Munetaka in a competition of military arts held at Gokuraku-ji Temple.

自陣の歌を褒め、敵陣の歌の欠点を指摘して議論を有利に導く。
An omoibito praises poems submitted by his/her own team and points out defects in the opponent's works, in order to keep the edge in debates.

かぐや姫はただちにこれを返品し、職人たちには褒美を与えた。
Kaguya-hime immediately returned the branch to them and gave rewards to the craftsmen.

これを聞いた人々は平家の悪行を怒ると共に重盛を褒め称えた。
People, who heard this, became angry over the evil deeds of the Taira family but praised Shigemori at the same time.

1974年、芸術選奨文部大臣賞、1994年、紫綬褒章受章。
He won an Award from the Ministry of Education in the Arts Incentive Prizes in 1974 and also received Shiju hosho (medal of honor with a purple ribbon) in 1994.

1976年、紫綬褒章、1982年、勲四等旭日小綬章を受章。
He received the Shiju Hosho (Order of the Purple Ribbon) in 1976 and the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette in 1982.

また、武勲を褒め称える感状の授与も鎌倉時代以降の慣習である。
The grant of written testimonials praising outstanding military services was instituted in the Kamakura period and onwards.

国旗、菊花紋章、勲章、褒章又は外国の国旗と同一又は類似の商標
is identical with, or similar to, the national flag, the imperial chrysanthemum crest, a decoration, a medal or a foreign national flag;

「お見事、よくやった」と小川選手を褒め称える報道が多かった。
There were many journalists who praised Ogawa with, 'bravo, good show!'

この働きにより、新選組は朝廷と幕府から感状と褒賞金を賜った。
For this, Shinsengumi received a commendation and an award from both the Imperial Court and the bakufu.

2005年、第55回芸術選奨文部科学大臣賞受賞、紫綬褒章受章
2005: Received the 55th Award from the Ministry of Education in the Art Encouragement Prizes and Medal with Purple Ribbon

ごめんどうかけてすみません。彼なら何をしても褒められるだろう。
I'm sorry to have troubled you. No matter what he may do, he will be praised.

ですから、今の私を叱るよりも、かつての私を褒めるべきなのです」
I rather deserve to be praised for what I have been, than to be blamed for what I am.'

この事のためには、神も聖降誕祭の季節も、褒め讃えられてあれよ。
and the Christmas Time be praised for this.

『彼岸花』で三度目の芸術祭文部大臣賞、功績により紫綬褒章受章。
'Higanbana' won his third Arts Festival Education Minister's Award and he was awarded the Medal with Purple Ribbon Award for his achievements.

主として有功の将士に対する褒章用の貨幣であり、金銭と銀銭がある。
They were used mainly as rewards to honor military officers, and there were gold coins and silver coins.

紹巴や秀次はこれに、よく作った、と褒め、座は一段と盛り上がった。
Joha and Hidetsugu say, well done, and the party becomes livelier.

彼は呉春に褒められるほど、幼少の頃から才気だったところがあった。
He was so talented that Goshun praised him when he was a child.

紫綬褒章受章、日本芸術院会員、重要無形文化財保持者（人間国宝）。
He was honored with a shiju hosho (medal of honor with purple ribbon), he is a member of The Japan Art Academy, and a holder of the title of 'Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure)'.

喜んだ忠裕が褒美を取らせようとしたところ全員どこにもいなかった。
Tadahiro was so pleased that he was going to reward them, but they were gone.

1961年、褒章褒章の種類を受章（建築業界における功績による）。
He also received a medal of merit in 1961 (for distinguished service in architecture).

「目で見せて耳で聞かせてして見せて、やらせて褒めにゃ事ならぬなり」
No one could achieve anything if an instructor did not have his pupils observe and listen to it, show them how to do it, let them do it by themselves and praise them.'

これは絶対、情けは人のためならず！いいことしたからご褒美なんだよ！
This is definitely, 'The good you do for others is good you do yourself'! It's a reward because I was helpful!

ギリシア軍のもっとも優れた者がこの褒美をめぐって対立するのだから。
when the best of the Greeks are rivals for such a prize.

勲章、記章、褒章等の授与及び伝達式例（昭和38年7月12日閣議決定）
Consuetudinary of the Conferment Ceremony and the Award Ceremony of decoration, badge, medal, and the like (Cabinet approval on July 12, 1963)

菊理媛神が何かを言うと、イザナギはそれを褒め、帰って行った、とある。
When Kukurihimenokami said something, Izanagi offered praise and went home.

- 育英小学校卒業（13歳）、学齢満限に至らず卒業を石川県より褒章。
He graduated from Ikuei elementary school (at the age of thirteen) with a medal granted by Ishikawa Prefecture because he finished school before the age for graduation.

10代に入ってからは、藩主毛利敬親による親試で二度ほど褒賞を受ける。
In his teens he was twice given awards for giving lectures in front of Lord Takachika MORI.

1951年、褒章褒章の種類を受章（社会公共事業に対する功績による）。
In 1951 he was awarded a type of medal of merit (for distinguished service in social and public works).

大伴家持は自分が仕えた聖武天皇を褒め称える次のような和歌を残している。
OTOMO no Yakamochi wrote the following waka (Japanese poetry) to express his admiration for Emperor Shomu whom he was serving for:

この場合、天智天皇が法海寺建立を許可したのはその褒美ということになる。
In this case, Emperor Tenmu gave Dogyo his approval to erect Hokai-ji Temple as rewards for his work.

(朝廷には吉備武彦を遣わして報告させ、自らは能褒野の地で亡くなった。)
(He sent KIBI no Takehiko to the Imperial court to make reports, and he himself passed away at Nobono.)

昭和18年に政府認定技術保存資格者、昭和51年4月28日紺綬褒章受賞。
He became a qualified craftsman approved by the government in 1943, and was awarded a Dark Blue Ribbon Medal on April 28, 1976.

大石鍬次郎の隊に所属していたと考えられ、褒賞金として千疋を賜っている。
He is thought to have belonged to the group of Kuwajiro OISHI and received 1000 hiki as incentive award money.

幼いディオニソスを育てたので、ゼウスは褒美として彼女達を星の間に置いた
they nurtured the infant Dionysus and Zeus placed them among the stars as a reward

極楽世界の荘厳もかくの如きか」と、その飾りつけとともに褒めちぎっている。
It was as if it was the Shogon of the world of paradise,' and praised it and the decoration to the sky.

その手段はいつでも賞賛され、君主はだれからも褒め称えられることでしょう。
the means will always be considered honest, and he will be praised by everybody
the means will always be considered honest, and he will be praised by everybody;

(居醒泉でようやく醒めた日本武尊だが、病身となり、尾津から能褒野へ到る。)
(Yamato Takeru no Mikoto at last regained his senses at Isamegai, but became sick and went from Otsu to Nobono.)

そして、クラチットのお主婦（かみ）さんや娘どもの出精と手ばやさとを褒めた。
and praised the industry and speed of Mrs Cratchit and the girls.

そこでプリアモスはメムノーンの賢さを褒め、皆は彼らを寝床へと連れて行った。
Then Priam praised his wisdom, and all men betook them to bed,

1970年に紫綬褒章、1973年には勲等瑞宝章、京都市文化功労者章を受章。
He received the Shiju Hosho (medal of honor with purple ribbon) in 1970, the Zui Hosho (Orders of the Sacred Treasure) and the Kyoto City Cultural Order Award in 1973.

主はうまく取ってこられたら褒美をやると約束し、太郎冠者を無理矢理追い立てた。
The master pushes Tarokaja to go to the sake shop promising a reward if he can get sake.

彼が居住した知恩寺の別名「百万遍」はその時の褒賞として授けられた寺号である。
The jigo (temple name) called 'Hyakumanben,' which is a byname of Chion-ji Temple where he lived, is the title given to a Buddhist temple, as an award at that time.

「あなた、ライサンダーに、私をからかい半分に褒めそやすようにけしかけたのね。
'it is you have set Lysander on to vex me with mock praises;

光秀は褒章として丹波の国を与えられ、同時にこの城を城代に命じて大改修を行った。
In appreciation, Mitsuhide received Tanba Province, and subsequently ordered a castle keeper to simultaneously carry out large scale renovations of the castle.

このとき天皇は無端事（なぞなぞ）を問うので正しく答えれば褒美を与えると言った。
On this occasion, the emperor said that he would reward anyone who solved a riddle he made up.

長野県湯田中温泉において、温泉入浴法を示し、湯田中温泉を長寿の湯と褒め称えた。
In Yudanaka onsen (hot spring) in Nagano Prefecture, he showed how to bath in onsen, and he praised Yudanaka onsen as a hot spring for longevity.

しかし頼朝は、武功を立てしきりと任官を願っていた義経には褒美をあたえなかった。
However, Yoritomo didn't give rewards to Yoshitsune who had many military exploits and continually hoped to get an appointment.

明治10年（1877年）の内国勧業博覧会に出品し、最高の竜紋褒賞を授与された。
He contributed his work to the National Industrial Exhibition in 1877, and was given the best Ryumon hosho (Ryumon prize).

壬申の乱の際にはじめから従ったことと、堅く関を守ったことが褒められたのである。
It was to reward his loyalty to the emperor from the very beginning of the Jinshin War and also his contributions defending the checkpoint.

2002年（平成14年）4月に魁春襲名、2008年（平成20年）紫綬褒章受章。
In April, 2002, he succeeded the name of Kaishun, and then in 2008 he received Shiju-hosho (Medal of Honor with the Purple Ribbon).

大国主命は死者の魂を審判し、その現世での功罪に応じて褒賞懲罰を課すとしている。
Okuninushi no Mikoto judges the soul of the deceased and gives reward or punishment depending on merits and demerits in the land of the living.

完成した内裏は見事なもので、後西天皇からもその出来栄えを褒められるほどであった。
The completed palace was spectacular and the end product apparently praised by Emperor Gosai.

褒美にビロード地に丸に三つ柏紋の羽織、勘治郎には『中村明石』の名をそれぞれ賜る。
As rewards he received a velvet 'haori' (a Japanese half-coat) with a crest of three oak leaves, and Kanjiro received a name 'Akashi NAKAMURA' respectively.

1983年、芸術選奨文部大臣賞受賞、85年、紫綬褒章受章、89年、人間国宝認定。
He received an Award from the Ministry of Education in Art Encouragement in 1983, Shiju hosho (medal of honor with purple ribbon) in 1985, and was designated a Living National Treasure in 1989.

（『日本書紀』では父天皇は寝食も進まず、百官に命じて日本武尊を能褒野陵に葬った。)
(In the 'Nihonshoki,' it is said that the father, the emperor, unable to eat and sleep well, commanded his subordinates to bury Yamato Takeru no Mikoto in the Nobono burial mound.)

この時の作品で最も興味深いのは「石器」こと石笛であり、清助はこの石笛で褒賞を受賞。
The most fascinating work was a stone flute, 'Sekki,' and Seisuke won an incentive award for it.

富札の売上額から褒美金と興業入費とを差し引いた残高が興業主の収入となる仕組みである。
The distribution source received the difference calculated by subtracting prize money and expenses from sales of lottery tickets.

能褒野陵は全長約90メートル、高さ約9メートルで、三重県北部最大の前方後円墳である。
The Nobono burial mound, approximately 90 meters in full length and approximately nine meters in height, is the largest keyhole-shaped mound in the northern part of Mie Prefecture.

（『「エコノミック・アニマル」は褒め言葉だった―誤解と誤訳の近現代史』多賀敏行著））
('The 'economic animal' was a compliment - misunderstanding and mistranslation in modern contemporary history' written by Toshiyuki TAGA)

これにより、勲章 (日本)・褒章と並ぶ栄典制度の一つとして位階制度は維持されてきた。
So, the court rank system has benn maintained as a system of awarding honors along with the conferment of orders and medals (Japan).

寿永3年（1184年）、一ノ谷の合戦の褒章として頼朝の推挙により駿河守に叙任される。
In 1184, he was appointed to Suruga no kuni no Kami by Yoritomo's recommendation as a reward of the Battle of Ichinotani.

富札を売り出し、木札を錐で突いて当たりを決め、当たった者に褒美金すなわち当額を給する。
Lottery tickets were sold and a winning ticket was determined by pricking a wooden plate with a drill and winners got prize money.

また、時頼嫡男（後の北条時宗）誕生の際にも祈祷を行って褒賞として所領が与えられている。
Also, on the occasion of the birth of the first son of Tokiyori (later Tokimune HOJO), Ryuben prayed and he was given a shoryo (territory) as a reward.

明治28年（1895年）、能褒野墓に隣接してヤマトタケルを祀る能褒野神社が創建された。
In 1895, the Nobono-jinja Shrine, which was consecrated to Yamato Takeru, was built next to the Nobono burial mound.

孫の石田為久は源義仲を討ち取り、褒章として近江国石田村を与えられ、一族は同地に移住した。
Tamehisa ISHIDA, a grandson of Yoshitsugu MIURA, was granted Ishida-mura village in Omi Province in reward for having slain MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, and moved to the village with his clan.

家民の仕置きもよろしい故に、土も百姓も豊かなり」と褒める一方で、「女色好むこと、切なり。
Maintaining his people well, his land and peasants were rich, whereas Naganori is also written he really liked women.

なぜなら、介入しないままでいれば、恩顧もなく敬意も払われずに、勝者への褒美とされるのだ」
because by not interfering you will be left, without favour or consideration, the guerdon of the conqueror.'

元治元年六月五日に起きた池田屋事変では土方歳三隊に所属、参戦し、褒賞金十五両を得ている。
In the Ikedaya Incident, which took place on July 8, 1864, he joined Toshizo HIJIKATA's squad and won a reward of 15 ryos for his achievement.

そのまま伊勢国に入るが、能褒野（のぼの、三重県亀山市）で病篤くなり崩御した（景行43年）。
Although he entered Ise Province with that poor physical condition, he became seriously ill and died at Nobono (Kameyama City, Mie Prefecture) in 113.

キツネは、自分の窮状を隠し、この水はとても美味しいと褒めちぎり、降りてくるようにと促した。
Concealing his sad plight under a merry guise, the Fox indulged in a lavish praise of the water, saying it was excellent beyond measure, and encouraging him to descend.

そこでヘクトールは、夜陰の中を忍び入ってギリシア軍をスパイした者には褒美をとらそうとした。
So Hector offered a reward to any man who would creep through the night and spy on the Greeks;

芸術祭 (文化庁)大賞、日本芸術院賞、紀伊國屋演劇賞、紫綬褒章、坪内逍遥大賞など受賞多数。
He won many awards such as Arts Festival (Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs) Grand Prize, Award of the Japan Art Academy, The Kinokuniya Theater Prize, Shiju hosho (medal of honor with purple ribbon) and Shoyo TSUBOUCHI's Prize.

戦国大名も恩賞の無い雑兵たちを戦争に駆り立てるために乱取りを認め、褒美の略奪を容認していた。
Sengoku daimyo also acknowledged randori in order to drive out zohyo to war without prize and allowed robbery as award.

その一方、その死に際し『中右記』において「心性頗悪、為人有凶」と評されるなど毀誉褒貶も多い。
On the other hand, both praises and censures were also given to him, for example, when he died he was described as 'because of the darkness of his mind, he had the misfortune' in 'Chuyuki' (diary of FUJIWARA no Munetada).

すると家治は紙の外の畳の上に点を打ったのであるが、吉宗はこれを知って家治を大いに褒めたという。
Then, Ieharu put the dot outside the sheet on the Tatami (straw mat), but when Yoshimune came to know it, he is said to have greatly praised Ieharu.

慶長11年（1606年）駿府城普請の命を受け、同年6月20日、勤めの褒賞として御書を給わった。
In 1606 he received a decree to build Sunpu Castle and on June 20 the same year, received an meritorious service award certificate.

家事一切に秀でているが、中でも糸つむぎ、機織り、染色、裁縫などは褒め足りないくらいすばらしい。
She is good at many kinds of housework, especially spinning, weaving, dying, and sewing.

官吏に武器の所有を義務付けることは天武天皇以来の政策であったが、特定個人の褒賞の記事は珍しい。
Since the period of Emperor Tenmu, the officials had been obligated to bring weapons by imperial policy, however, such article which an emperor praised a particular official is rarely found.

義実は褒美として山海珍味や係の役人を与えるが八房は一切興味を示さず、ついに伏姫の寝所へ乱入する。
Yoshizane offered to Yatsufusa feasts fit for a king as well as its personal valets, but the dog showed no interest and finally broke into Princess Fuse's bedroom.

治承4年（1180年）の以仁王の挙兵の際には怨敵退散の祈願を行い、その褒賞として権大僧都に進む。
During the Rising of Prince Mochihito in 1180, Ryoko prayed for defeat of the arch enemy, and was praised and rewarded with a promotion to the rank of Gondaisozu.

明和7年（1770年）52歳、片歌の祖と考えたヤマトタケルの能褒野王塚古墳前に、片歌碑を建てた。
In 1770, at the age of 52, he built a monument in front of the Nobono Ouzuka Old Tomb of Yamato Takeru, who was regarded as the founder of Katauta (style of poetry).

他（た）の一人、――耳に巻煙草（まきたばこ）を挟（はさ）んだ男も、こう良平を褒（ほ）めてくれた。
praised the other man, this one with a hand-rolled cigarette behind his ear.

なぜなら、人々が姪のことを褒めそやし、立派な父親のことで彼女のことを気の毒がっていたからである。
because the people praised her for her virtues and pitied her for her good father's sake,

これにより天皇の体調もたちまちにして回復し、頼政は天皇から褒美に獅子王 (刀)という刀を貰賜した。
Then the health of the Emperor was restored quickly, and Yorimasa was given a sword called Shishio (literally, a lion king) by the Emperor as a reward.

ギリシア全軍にふりかかったこの痛手よりも、アイアースに褒美を与えたほうがどんなにましだったことか。
for far rather would I have given them to Aias than that this loss should have befallen the whole army of the Greeks.

平成11年（1999年）、皇統を褒め称える「君が代」も、国旗国歌法により日本の国歌として確定された。
In 1999, 'Kimigayo', the song for celebrating the long Imperial lineage was legally recognized as the national anthem by the Law Regarding the National Flag and National Anthem.

神々は褒めも罰しもしないと考えていましたが、神々が完璧であるということから純粋に崇拝していたのです。
He thought that the gods neither rewarded nor punished, and adored them purely in consequence of their completeness;

また、このときの議論で勲章と重複した制度であると批判があった褒章の廃止も検討されたが、据え置かれた。
During this discussion, the abolishment of the medal system, which had been criticized for overlapping with the decoration system, was considered but postponed.

しかし私たちは、人類がその恩恵に浴している人々をこの理論が扱う気前のよさを褒めるわけにはいきません。
but we cannot commend the generosity of its dealing with the persons to whom mankind are indebted for them.

699年（文武天皇3年）学行褒賞で稲1万束を賜り、703年（大宝 (日本)3年）に僧正に任じられた。
In 699, he received an religious studies academic prize of 10,000 sheaves of rice and, in 703, was appointed as a sojo (high-priest).

それによれば、追広弐の高田首石成は、中市において、三つの武器に習熟したことを褒められ物を与えられた。
According to the article, at Ichinaka (considered to have indicated to the middle of the downtown), Tsuikoni TAKATA no Obito Iwanari was praised for perfecting himself in three weapons and given a prize.

さらに安政4年（1857年）には、治療の効果を特に褒賞され、陸奥守と兼任で織部正の官職を与えられた。
Moreover, in 1857, he received an incentive award especially for the effectiveness of his medical treatment and was given the government post of the Oribe no kami (Governor of Oribe Province) as well as the Mutsu no kami concurrently.

大坂の陣後、その戦功を祖父・家康から褒め称えられ、家康の打飼袋（食べ物やお金を入れる袋）を与えられた。
After the Siege of Osaka, his grandfather Ieyasu praised his great war service and he was given Ieyasu's uchikai bukuro (bag for food and money).

人狩りの戦利品が戦後、市に出され、大名もそれら乱暴狼藉を黙過したり、褒美として付近を自由に乱取りさせた。
The loot gained from robbing was put on the market, while daimyo (feudal lords) overlooked these violence and encouraged the acts in their neighborhood.

「嘘でこんなに凄い褒美が貰えるのだから、いつものように、本当の事を言えば、どんな褒美が貰えるかしれない」
'If so great a reward be given for a lie, with what gift may not I be rewarded, if, according to my custom, I tell the truth?'

女形が「やんや、やんや、」と褒めちぎり、助六は「どうでんすな。どうでんすな。」と得意満面で舞台中央に出る。
The women in the quarters acclaim to him 'Wow. Wow.' and Sukeroku greets them saying 'How are you?' while swaggering into center stage.

役割は判者の他に方人（かたうど；歌を提出する者）、念人（おもいびと；自陣の歌を褒め、弁護する役）とがある。
Besides Hanja, the uta-awase contest involves Kataudo (a person who submits a poem), and Omoibito (a role to praise and defend his/her own team member's poems).

英国の詩人で、スペンサー連でエリザベス1世を褒めたたえる寓意的なロマンスを書いた（1552年−1599年）
English poet who wrote an allegorical romance celebrating Elizabeth I in the Spenserian stanza (1552-1599)

正親町天皇は馬揃えにおける信長側の好待遇に喜んで信長に手紙を送って御服を下賜し、信忠にも褒賞を与えている。
Emperor Ogimachi was delighted by the good treatment from the Nobunaga side during the great military parade in Kyoto, sent a letter to Nobunaga presenting clothes and gave an award to Nobutada as well.

色好みの風流人として知られ大和物語や今昔物語集に逸話が残るが、とくに宇多天皇の妃藤原褒子との恋愛が知られる。
He has been known as a lechery man of refined taste who left anecdotes in 'Yamato Monogatari (Tales of Yamato) and 'Konjaku Monogatari (Shu) ' (The Tale of Times Now Past), among which an affair with FUJIWARA no Hoshi, the consort of Emperor Uda, is well-known.

なお、奥平信昌（信長の偏諱を賜り信昌と改名）の戦功に対する褒美として家康は、名刀・大般若長光を授けて賞した。
To reward the distinguished accomplishment of Nobumasa OKUDAIRA (his name had been changed to Nobumasa, with a character (信) in Nobunaga (信長)) in the battle, Ieyasu gave him a distinguished sword called Daihannya-nagamitsu (literally, a sword of great wisdom by Nagamitsu).

一方時頼には「斟酌頗る大儀に似たり。追って優賞有るべし」と褒められ、数日後に領地を与えられたというのである。
While he praised Tokiyori saying, 'His consideration is equivalent to a big achievement, so a reward has to be given for his behavior,' and he made Tokiyori a fief days later.

まず、大納言藤原斉信がこれに同意し、続いて公任・行成も翻意、ついに公卿ら皆意見を同じくして褒賞は決議された。
Sanesuke's argument was supported first by Dainagon FUJIWARA no Tadanobu, after whom Kinto and Yukinari also changed their decision, with all high court officials finally agreeing on giving reward to the soldiers.

朝廷ではその対策として養老5年（721年）に吉田宜（吉宜）を褒賞して医道を奨励し、内薬司に女医博士を設置した。
Against this tendency, the court took countermeasures, such as rewarding KICHITA no Yoroshi (called Kichiyoroshi for short) in 721 for his contribution to I-do, and newly establishing the post of 'Nyoi Hakase' (Female Master of Medicine) in Naiyakushi.

また、和歌山城大手門前に目安箱を設置して直接訴願を募り、文武の奨励や孝行への褒章など、風紀改革にも務めている。
In addition, he installed an opinion box in front of the main gate of Wakayama-jo Castle to gain the views of the public, and tried to improve public morals by promoting studies and martial arts, granting rewards for virtuous acts, and so on.

ヤマトタケルが歿した能褒野の地とされる三重県北部には、ヤマトタケルの墓とされる古墳（白鳥陵）がいくつかあった。
There were several burial mounds which were believed to be the tomb of Yamato Takeru (the Hakuchoryo burial mounds) in the north of Mie Prefecture, which is where Nobono is thought to have been, where Yamato Takeru died.

その芸のよさについては、ほとんど当代の役者を褒めなかった池波正太郎が絶賛していたことでも一端をうかがいえよう。
One is able to get some idea of how excellent his performance was, from the tremendous acclaim by Shotaro IKENAMI who seldom praised the actors of the day.

千家再興の後、秀吉に呼ばれた道安が御前で茶を点てたところ、秀吉は「宗易が手前によく似たる」と褒めた（前掲書）。
After the restoration of the SEN family, when Doan made tea in front of the Emperor upon the invitation of Hideyoshi, Hideyoshi praised him, saying, 'You bear a close resemblance to Soeki (Rikyu's Buddhist name).' (the'Sawa Shigetsu shu')

以降芸術祭 (文化庁)優秀賞（3回）、芸術院賞、紫綬褒章などを受け、1995年芸術院会員、2001年人間国宝。
He went on to win the Arts Festival (Agency for Cultural Affairs) award for excellence (three times), the Art Academy Prize and the Shiju Hosho (Order of the Purple Ribbon) as well as being made a member of the Art Academy in 1995 a Living National Treasure in 2001.

これを「拝領の御紋付」などと呼び、簡略な褒章として行うことが多く、拝領した紋付は家門の名誉として丁寧に扱われる。
This kosode, called 'bestowed-gomontsuki,' was given mainly as a simple prize to samurai, and the kosode was cherished by the samurai's family as a token of honor.

サルの王様と、廷臣たちは、すっかりその嘘に気をよくして、この、太鼓持ちに、素晴らしい褒美を使わすようにと命じた。
The Ape and all his court, gratified with the lie, commanded that a handsome present be given to the flatterer.

そしてそれを遂行する女性を褒めるという事に対応するため、これまでの穢れ観と正反対の価値観が神道において成立した。
And to praise women for performing it, a new value opposite the value of impurity came into existence in Shinto.

- 難破した遣唐使船（高田根麻呂）の生存者5人のうち、筏を作って助けを求めた門部金を褒め、その位を進め禄を授けた。
- Among the five who survived the shipwreck of the envoy to Tang (TAKADA no Nemaro), he commended MONBU Kin who built a raft and sought help, raising his rank and offering a stipend.

（『日本書紀』では白鳥の飛行ルートが能褒野→大和琴弾原（奈良県御所市）→河内古市（大阪府羽曳野市）となっている。)
(In the 'Nihonshoki,' it records that the white bird flew from Nobono, by way of Yamato Kotohiki no hara (present-day Gose City in Nara Prefecture) to Kawachi Furuichi (present-day Habikino City in Osaka Prefecture).)

後白河法皇の院庁別当にも名を連ね、「年来礼儀作法の道を営む、当時頗るその褒（ほまれ）あり」（『玉葉』）と称される。
He also became Innocho-Betto (Chief Administrator of the Retired Emperor's Office) for Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and his behavior is described in 'Gyokuyo' (Kanezane KUJO's diary) as having 'engaged in the ways of etiquette for years and he now receives great praise.'

事件後、近藤勇、土方歳三に次いで褒賞金を幕府から下賜されている（この金子をなかなか受け取らなかったという説がある）。
After the incident, and following Isami KONDO and Toshizo HIJIKATA, he was given reward money by the Shogunate (he is said to have hesitated to receive the money).

この付近の村々には事前に吉川氏より落人を召し出すようにとの通達があり、史書によれば褒賞欲しさで行ったと言われている。
But even before this incident, the Kikkawa clan had issued notification to villages in that area for all defeated warriors to be rounded up, so in history books Nagata is described as having acted as he did out of hunger for rewards.

復興に関しては細井幾太郎が戦火を免れた四国を周り人形を収集、多大なる貢献をしたとして昭和天皇より黄綬褒章を下賜された。
In connection with the restoration, Ikutaro HOSOI traveled all over Shikoku, which had escaped war damage, in order to collect puppets and was granted Ojuhosho (Medal with a Yellow Ribbon for industriousness) by the Emperor Showa for his great contribution.

なお、ヤマトタケルを祭祀する草薙神社社伝によると、「尊は東国を平定したが、都に帰る途中伊勢の能褒野（のぼの）で没した。
In addition to that, according to a legend of the Kusanagi-jinja Shrine, which worships Yamato Takeru, 'Although he subdued the eastern regions, he passed away at Nobono in Ise on his way back to the capital.

（褒美に領地を貰えなかった事に不満を持ち初花を打ち砕いたという話もあるが、初花が現存しているので作り話と考えられる。)
(One story is that Tadanao was dissatisfied with not being rewarded with fiefs, and smashed Hatsuhana to pieces; however, it might be just a story as far as Hatsuhana exists.)

患者は適切な行動に対して褒美として代用貨幣を与えられ、その代用貨幣は金銭的に評価された報酬として現金化することもできる
patients are rewarded with tokens for appropriate behavior and the tokens may be cashed in for valued rewards

また、こうしたことをしたいと願い、なんとかしてその都市や国家が繁栄するよう目論む人に、君主は褒美を与えるべきなのです。
but the prince ought to offer rewards to whoever wishes to do these things and designs in any way to honour his city or state.

『玉葉』の著者である公家の九条兼実は頼朝派の人間であったが、義経の平穏な京都退去に対し、（次のように）と褒め称えている。
A court noble Kanezane KUJO, the author of 'Gyokuyo' was a sympathizer for Yoritomo, but commented with relief on the peaceful days in Kyoto after his departure and cerebrated his personality as follows:

富商、豪農など百姓・町人身分であった者が、大名家に対しての献金や新田開発の褒美として士分としての郷士に取り立てられた者。
Individuals who were peasants and townspeople (eg. prosperous merchants or wealthy farmers) were awarded samurai status (by becoming goshi) as a reward for monetary tributes paid to the daimyo or in recognition of developments in new pursuits.

「この武具をもっとも優れたギリシア人でアキレウスの骸をトロイア軍の手から救った者への褒美としよう。」とテティスは言った。
'Let these arms be the prize of the best of the Greeks,'she said,'and of him that saved the body of Achilles out of the hands of the Trojans.'

1877年（明治10年）の第一回内国勧業博覧会では錫製の医療用ブーシーを出展し、内務卿・大久保利通から褒状を受けている。
At the first National Industrial Exhibition in 1877, he exhibited tin-made medical 'bougie' and earned an honorable mention from the Secretary of Interior, Toshimichi OKUBO.

回復後、褒賞として権僧正に任じられただけでなく、以後同親王の許に出入りしてその和歌集団の一員としても活動することになった。
After he recovered, Ryuben was not only appointed to gon no sojo (a highest ranking priest, next to a sojo) as a reward, but also began to often visit the Imperial Prince Munetaka and acted as a member of his waka group.

信長は時を移さず、安土から浄厳院へ出向き、法華宗・浄土宗の当事者を召し出して、霊誉と聖誉に扇と団扇を贈り、大いに褒め称えた。
Nobunaga immediately left Azuchi and came to Jogon-in Temple where he summoned the participants from both sects to his presence, admired and gave Reiyo and Seiyo a folding fan and a round fan.

これは彼のこの働きによるところが大きく、「義久」という名はその褒賞として義経が自らの一字を与えてつけたものだと言われている。
This victory owes a lot to Yoshitsune who guided the troops and it is said that Yoshitsune gave him the name 'Yoshihisa,' which had a part of his own name, as a prize for the big role he played in the battle.

息子たちに「皆の者、今度の戦では先頭に進んで自分自身で手柄を立てて、本朝無双の勇士と褒めていただこうではないか。」と命じた。
Then, he sarcastically ordered his sons, 'Everyone, let's spearhead the next battle and render distinguish services by ourselves, otherwise we would not be praised as the bravest warriors in Japan by our master.'

近視眼的な著作家たちは、ある観点から彼の行為を褒めそやしながら、別の観点からはそれをもたらした根本的原因を非難しているのです。
And shortsighted writers admire his deeds from one point of view and from another condemn the principal cause of them.
And short-sighted writers admire his deeds from one point of view and from another condemn the principal cause of them.

日本武尊が能褒野で亡くなると、日本武尊より預けられた天叢雲剣（草薙の剣、三種の神器の一）を奉斉鎮守するため熱田神宮を建立した。
After YAMATO Takeru no Mikoto died in Nobono, Miyazu-hime built Atsuta-jingu Shrine to enshrine Ame no Murakumo no Tsurugi (also known as Kusanagi no Tsurugi, the sword of the Imperial regalia and one of the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family), which was left by YAMATO Takeru no Mikoto.

政光が何故無双と称するのか問うと、「一ノ谷の戦いをはじめとする平氏追討の戦場で父と共に度々命がけで戦ったからである」と褒めた。
When Masamitsu asked Yoritomo the reason why Yoritomo called Naoie the bravest warrior, Yoritomo praised Naoie saying 'Because Naoie and his father desperately fought a series of battles to defeat the Heike clan, including the Battle of Ichinotani.'

しかし加納諸平は土地を褒めたたえる詞章が枕詞の原型であろうと（「枕詞考」）考察し、この考えが以降の研究に大きな影響を与えている。
But Morohira KANO considered the verse for praising the earth highly to be the prototype of makurakotoba ('Makurakotobako'), and this idea has greatly influenced subsequent studies.

そして、下賜された褒美の品（布帛〈織物〉など）を故郷で暮らす母に送ったところ、母は源信を諌める和歌を添えてその品物を送り返した。
When he sent the rewards granted (such as clothes) from the Emperor to his mother who was living in his hometown, she sent them back to him with waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) to remonstrate with him.

精霊は二人の丁稚の云ってることに耳を傾けろと手真似で合図をした、二人は心底を吐露してフェッジウィッグを褒め立てているのであった。
The Spirit signed to him to listen to the two apprentices, who were pouring out their hearts in praise of Fezziwig:

それからアキレウスはひざまづくプリアモスを立ち上がらせ、プリアモスが老年でもまだどんなに美しいか褒め讃えて、やさしく話しかけた。
and then Achilles raised Priam from his knees and spoke kindly to him, admiring how beautiful he still was in his old age,

臣下に対する時服は特定の者に対する褒賞の意味合いで臨時に支給される例もあった（『続日本紀』天平宝字4年11月20日 (旧暦)条）。
Jifuku was sometimes granted to specific retainers on a temporary basis in the sense of incentive award, according to the Article of November 20, 760 (old calendar) in the 'Shoku Nihon-gi' (the 'Chronicle of Japan, Continued').

あまりな醜聞暴露に恐れをなしたためか、孝謙天皇称徳天皇と道鏡、宇多天皇と藤原褒子、花山天皇と馬内侍らの淫猥な説話を削った略本もある。
Perhaps wary of causing scandals, there exists an abridged version which removed obscene stories about the Empress Koken (later enthroned again as the Empress Shotoku) and the monk Dokyo, the Emperor Uda and FUJIWARA no Hoshi, and the Emperor Kazan and Uma no naishi.

院は当初から、当時新儀非拠達磨歌と毀誉褒貶相半ばしていた九条家歌壇、ことにその中心人物であった藤原定家の歌風につよい憧れを持っていた。
Go-Toba-in admired FUJIWARA no Sadaie's (Teika) style of poetry writing, the latter being the main person of the Kujo Family in the world of tanka poetry; the tanka circle, being similar to 新儀非拠達磨歌 at that time, was the stylistic manner of praising something and criticizing at the same time.

この後､大番頭座書役となり､7年間勤めたが､この間幾度か藩主に拝謁する機会も得､精勤振りを認められ､褒賞として金130両を下賜された。
After that, he became a clerk at the treasury, and while he had served for seven years, he had several chances to have an audience with the domain lord, and was awarded 130 ryo of gold as special compensation for his diligence.

『日本書紀』の持統天皇5年（691年）5月21日条に、壬申の年の功の褒賞として直大参の位と絁（あしぎぬ）と布を与えられたとだけ見える。
In one of the articles of 'The Nihon Shoki,' dated May 21, 691, it seems that he was only given the rank of Jikidaisan, ashiginu (thick silk fabric) and a piece of cloth as incentive awards for his meritorious deeds during the year of Mizunoe-Saru (one of the Oriental Zodiac signs).

栄御前を見送った後、母親に返った政岡は、常々教えていた毒見の役を果たした千松を褒めつつ、武士の子ゆえの不憫を嘆いてその遺骸を抱きしめる。
Having seen Sakae Gozen leave, Masaoka returns to herself as mother and holds the dead body of Senmatsu, praising him for having performed the role of poison tester as she has taught him and mourns his tragic fate resulting from being the son of a samurai.

この人は、機会をとらえては、市民生活で、良きにつけ悪きにつけ、並はずれた行いをした者を、語り草となるような方法で褒めたり罰したりしました。
who, when he had the opportunity, by any one in civil life doing some extraordinary thing, either good or bad, would take some method of rewarding or punishing him, which would be much spoken about.
who, when he had the opportunity, by any one in civil life doing some extraordinary thing, either good or bad, would take some method of rewarding or punishing him, which would be much spoken about.

そして中国の悪女、妲己と褒ジを結びつけることで、妖怪玉藻前は三国伝来白面金毛九尾の狐として昇華され、世界的な大妖怪というイメージが定着した。
By being associated with the Chinese evil women, Dakki and Hoji, the monster Tamamo no Mae became a white-faced, gold-haired, and nine-tailed fox whose story originated in India and was transmitted to China and finally to Japan; therefore, the impression was established that she was an evil monster known around the world.

1977年（昭和52年）紫綬褒章を受章、1984年（昭和59年）には勲四等旭日小綬章を受章、1991年（平成3年）に文化功労者に選出される。
He was awarded the Shiju hosho (Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon) in 1977 and the Kun Yonto Kyokujitsu Shojusho (the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette) in 1984 and was selected as Bunkakorosha (Person of Cultural Merits) in 1991.

1881年（明治14年）12月褒章条例（明治14年太政官布告第63号）の公布により紅綬褒章、緑綬褒章、藍綬褒章が制定され褒章の授与が始まる。
In the Ordinance of Medals (Dajokan fukoku No. 63) issued in December 1881, the Medal with Red Ribbon, the Medal with Green Ribbon and the Medal with Blue Ribbon were established, and the conferment of medals was started.

更に、上の身分の者が奉公などの褒賞として下の者に下賜された衣装を実際に着用した場合には、儒教の忠の観念との兼ね合いから黙認せざるを得なかった。
Also, when lower-ranked people put on clothes granted by higher-ranked people for their good service, this had to be tolerated from the viewpoint of Confucius's teaching of loyalty.

そのため「B級映画」等と評されることもあるが、本人は「一部で無思想無節操の職人監督の典型との評があるが、それが何よりの褒め言葉」と語っている。
As a result, his works were regarded as 'second-rate films,' but he himself said, 'some say that I am a typical case of a mindless and inconsistent director, but those words flatter me.'

褒美をもとめる笹川に俊行は多賀家の跡目相続を許すが、代わりに香炉と一軸の紛失の責を負うようにと笹川を脅し、ついに大学之助一味の悪事を白状させる。
Sasagawa asks for a reward, and Toshiyuki, while allowing him to succeed to the headship of the Taga family, threatens him to assume responsibility in return for the loss of the incense burner and scroll, and then finally makes him confess the crimes of Daigakunosuke and his gang.

その「宗桂」は織田信長から、桂馬の使い方が巧いとお褒めの言葉を貰い、以後「宗桂」と名乗るようになったという話もあるが、真偽のほどは確かではない。
There is a story that he started to call himself 'Sokei' (the second Sokei) after Nobunaga ODA complimented him on how well he used the keima (knight); however, its reality is uncertain.

が、明治12年、内務省は亀山市田村町の「丁字塚」と呼ばれる前方後円墳（能褒野王塚古墳）がヤマトタケルの墓であると治定し、「能褒野陵」と命名した。
However, in 1879, the Ministry of Home Affairs specified a keyhole-shaped mound in Tamura-cho, Kameyama City (the Nobono Otsuka burial mound), which had been called the 'Cho-ji zuka,' as the tomb of Yamato Takeru, and named it the 'Nobono burial mound.'

王子が牛や黄金、青銅、鉄で、王女の父親から花嫁を買うという奇妙な習慣があったが、ときには何か非常に勇敢な行いの褒美に花嫁を得るということもあった。
There was a curious custom by which the princes bought wives from the fathers of the princesses, giving cattle and gold, and bronze and iron, but sometimes a prince got a wife as the reward for some very brave action.

しかし、池田屋事件にも参戦し褒賞金をもらっていることから、実際には人に劣らない腕前であったという説もあり、「戦う勘定方」として活躍したとされている。
However, some people say that he was as good as the other members since he received rewards for his performance in the Ikedaya Incident; he was active as a 'fighting accountant.'

そして、これ等の小クラチット達はサルビヤだの葱だのと贅沢な考えに耽りながら、食卓の周囲を躍り廻って、ピータア・クラチット君を口を極めて褒めそやした。
and basking in luxurious thoughts of sage and onion, these young Cratchits danced about the table, and exalted Master Peter Cratchit to the skies,

一方、使用人を正直者にしておくには、君主は彼のことを観察し、褒め、裕福にし、彼にたいして親切に振る舞い、彼と名誉と苦労を分かち合わなければなりません。
On the other to keep his servant honest the prince ought to study him, honouring him, enriching him, doing him kindnesses, sharing with him the honours and cares;
On the other hand, to keep his servant honest the prince ought to study him, honouring him, enriching him, doing him kindnesses, sharing with him the honours and cares;

刑事施設の長は、被収容者が次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合には、法務省令で定めるところにより、賞金又は賞品の授与その他の方法により褒賞を行うことができる。
In cases where an inmate falls under any of the cases set out under the following items, the warden of the penal institution may, pursuant to a Ministry of Justice Ordinance, reward him/her by giving reward money or reward articles, or by other means:

秀吉によって鋳造されたこれらの貨幣はいずれも褒章用、軍事費用の範囲に留まっており、流通を目的とした貨幣の鋳造が国内で再開されるのは江戸期の寛永通宝まで待たれる。
These coins minted by Hideyoshi were used solely as rewards or to cover military expenses, and it was only in the Edo period, with the issuance of the Kan-ei-tsuho that minting of coins for the purpose of circulation was resumed.

しかし、法律の存在を前提とせず政令で憲法を直接実施することは認められないとの解釈が通説であり、褒章条例を政令によって改正したのは失当とする見解が呈示されている。
Prevailing views, however, hold that any part of the Constitution may not be enforced through a Cabinet Order without the existence of an underlying law, and accordingly it is pointed out that this Ordinance on Medals of Honor should not have been revised by a Cabinet Order.

武家社会のしがらみの中で犠牲となった形であるが、彼の死によって会津藩と土佐藩の衝突が回避され、その潔い最期に対して会津藩主松平容保から兄に褒章がくだされている。
Though he seemed to be a victim of the complicated relation of interest in the samurai society, his death enabled avoidance of conflicts between the Aizu clan and Tosa clan, and the head of Aizu clan, Katamori MATSUDAIRA honored his graceful last moments and, therefore, gave a medal to his elder brother.

静岡県伊豆地方では醜いためにニニギに遠ざけられたイワナガヒメに同情して、コノハナサクヤビメの化身である富士山を褒めると怪我をするとか、不漁になるなどの俗信がある。
In sympathy with Iwanaga-hime, who was alienated by Ninigi for being ugly, superstition in the Izu region, Shizuoka Prefecture has it that praising the beauty of Mt. Fuji, a manifestation of Konohanano sakuya bime, may result in an injury or a poor catch of fish.

光厳にはいちおう上皇の称号と待遇が与えられたが、それは通例の前天皇に対する優遇措置ではなく、あくまでも皇太子の地位を辞退したことに対する褒賞であることが明示された。
It was clearly indicated that Kogon was given the title and privileges of the retired emperor but not as preferential treatment for being the former Emperor, but as a prize for refraining the position of Crown Prince.

松平忠直は、大坂城一番乗りの褒賞が大坂城や新しい領地でもなく「初花肩衝」と従三位参議左近衛権中将への昇進のみであったことを不満としており、後に乱行の末改易となった。
Tadanao MATSUDAIRA, who made the first invasion into Osaka Castle, was dissatisfied with the incensive award for his achievement, which was neither Osaka Castle nor a new territory, but only 'Hatsuhana-katatsuki' and a promotion to Jusanmi Sangi (councillor in the Junior Third Rank) Sakone gon no chujo: In later years his dissatisfaction led him to kaieki after committing misconduct.

しかし、聖職者、少なくとも十分に信頼を得ている聖職者は、反対派に答えるために、反対派の議論に精通することが許され、そのことが褒められもし、それで異端の書物を読みもするのです。
but the clergy, such at least as can be fully confided in, may admissibly and meritoriously make themselves acquainted with the arguments of opponents, in order to answer them, and may, therefore, read heretical books;

1890年、第3回内国勧業博覧会に「四季美人図」を出品、一等褒状受賞（この絵を、来日中であったヴィクトリア (イギリス女王)の三男アーサー (コノート公)が購入し話題となった）。
1890: She submitted her work 'Shiki Bijin-zu' (lit. 'Paintings of Beautiful Women in Four Seasons') to the Third National Exposition and won the First Meritorious Award (She drew attention when her work was purchased by Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, the third son of Victoria, Queen of England, who was visiting Japan).

また、頼朝の下文についても下河辺行平、下河辺政義が絡むものが多数あり、頼朝に感心されたとか褒められたという顕彰記事が、下河辺行平、その他千葉氏、三浦氏の佐原義連など沢山出てくる。
There are many Kudashibumi issued by Yoritomo which were related to Yukihira SHIMOKOBE and Masayoshi SHIMOKOBE, and public commendations of Yukihira SHIMOKOBE, the Chiba clan, and Yoshitsura SAHARA of the Miura clan often appear, saying something like how he was admired or praised by Yoritomo.

更に一条天皇も長保5年（1003年）に当時4歳の媄子内親王の鼻の中に雙六のさいころが嵌る事故が発生した際に加持を行ってさいころを取り出し褒美を与えたことが『百練抄』に記されている。
Furthermore, it is stated in 'Hyakurensho' (a record of the Kamakura period) that in 1003 the Emperor Ichijo gave award to Keien when a dice for sugoroku (dice game) got into the nose of Imperial Princess Bishi who was four years old at that time and Keien did incantation to take it out.

神々は善人には褒美を与え、誓いを破ったり、異邦人に不親切にした人々を罰すると考えられてはいたが、神々が気まぐれで、残酷で、利己的で、人に悪いお手本を示したという物語もたくさんあった。
Though they were supposed to reward good men, and to punish people who broke their oaths and were unkind to strangers, there were many stories told in which the Gods were fickle, cruel, selfish, and set very bad examples to men.

また公辨法親王自身も浪士の討ち入りを義挙ととらえており、同年正月5日には浪士を褒める和歌も詠んでいたが、この時は軽く相づちを打つだけで受け流し浪士の助命を切り出すことはなかったという。
Though he was sympathetic to the Roshi's raid and had composed on February 20 of the same year a waka poem which praised the Roshi, at the time Cloistered Imperial Prince Koben gave non-committal responses to Tsunayoshi's remarks, and the issue was not directly addressed.

もっとも、相伝であっても他者からの侵奪を避けるために有力権門である本家・本所による保障を受ける例や恩領であったものが長年の奉公の褒賞として相伝として本家・本所から認められる例もあった。
Note that, there were such exceptions that, in order to avoid being plundered by others, a soden was secured by the powerful honke and honjo, and that an onryo was approved as a soden by the honke and honjo, as a reward for longtime service.

池田屋・禁門の変の働きで朝廷・幕府・会津藩より感状と200両余りの褒賞金を下賜されると、元治元年9月に第二次の隊士募集を行い、更に近藤が江戸へ帰郷した際に伊東甲子太郎らの一派を入隊させる。
After being awarded a letter of appreciation and a reward of over 200 ryo from the Imperial court/shogunate/Aizu Clan, they recruiting a second round of members, and when KONDO returned to Edo, he let Kinetaro ITO and his followers join Shinsen-gumi.

関ヶ原の戦いの後、帰郷した長政が「家康殿は右手を取って功労を褒めてくれた」と自慢したのに対し、如水は「その時、お前の左手は何をしていた（何故空いている手で家康を殺さなかったのか）」と言った。
After the Battle of Sekigahara, when Nagamasa came home and proudly said, 'Esquire Ieyasu took my right hand and praised my work,' Josui said to his son, 'What was your left hand doing then (Why didn't you kill Ieyasu with the other hand)?'

それが巻き起こしかねない反論や毀誉褒貶もあったし、その著作のおかげで、もし万が一、わたしが有名になったりしてしまったら、自分を向上させるためにとっておいた時間が失われてしまうと思ったからだ。
lest either the oppositions or the controversies to which they might give rise, or even the reputation, such as it might be, which they would acquire for me, should be any occasion of my losing the time that I had set apart for my own improvement.

（十分な支援を受けながら戦わずに逃げ帰った）維盛と同一に扱うのはおかしい」と反論して、天皇に忠節を尽くしている武士達を蔑視する公卿達の振る舞いを批判し、天皇の指示通りに褒賞を出させたのである。
It is ridiculous to treat him the same way as Koremori (who fled back before fighting despite the receipt of enough support),' and criticized the noble people for looking down on the samurai warriors who remained faithful to the Emperor, and a reward was given to him as directed by the Emperor.

家康が秀吉に宛てた書状には「はた又、久太郎（秀政）方砦へ、柴田取りかかり候のところ、すなはち合戦に及び、切り崩され、あまた討捕られ候えば、定めて比類なき儀、心地よく候、云々」と秀政の軍功を褒めている。
Ieyasu wrote a letter to Hideyoshi to tell about Hidemasa's distinguished military service, 'Also, the Shibata side force attacked on Kyutaro (Hidemasa)'s fort and a battle began, then Hidemasa's force broke down the force and defeated a lot of enemies, it was such a peerless achievement and I was very satisfied with it, and so on.'

『源氏物語』を女房に読ませて聞いた一条天皇が作者を褒めて、きっと日本紀（日本紀は『続日本紀』によれば『日本書紀』のことであるので『日本書紀』をさすという説がある）をよく読みこんでいる人に違いないと言った。
Emperor Ichijo had a court lady read aloud 'The Tale of Genji,' at which he praised the author, saying she must have been an eager reader of Nihongi (according to 'Shoku-Nihongi (Continuation of Chronicles of Japan),' whereby Nihongi refers to 'Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan)'; thus some people claim that 'Nihongi' in this context means 'Nihonshoki').

園城寺（三井寺）の阿闍梨（あじゃり）・頼豪は、効験があれば思いのままに褒美を取らせるという白河天皇との約束のもと、切望される皇子の誕生を祈祷し続け、承保元年（1074年）12月16日、見事これを成就させた。
Because Emperor Shirakawa promised that, if efficacious, he would be given as rewards whatever he wanted, Raigo who was an ajari (a master of esoteric Buddhism) of Onjo-ji Temple (Mii-dera Temple) continued to pray for the birth of a prince and accomplished it honorably on December 16, 1074.

また、岡山藩の印西派が当流と呼ばれる所以は、池田侯と当時の将軍が弓の勝負をした際に池田侯が勝利し、池田侯が当家でも「当流」と称させて欲しいと願い出たところ、将軍が褒美の意味で当流と称すことを許可した事から。
Moreover, the reason why the Insai school of Okayama Domain was called 'Toryu' is that, when the shogun at that time competed with Ikeda-ko (daimyo IKEDA) in an archery match, Ikeda-ko won, then Ikeda-ko requested to be also called 'Toryu' and the shogun allowed his request.

永禄5年（1562年）美濃攻めの際、軽海の戦いにおいて敵将・稲葉又衛門の首を前田利家と譲り合って埒があかないので、柴田勝家がその首をあげ、その次第を報告して信長に三人とも褒められたという（常山記談・名将言行録等）。
In the Battle of Keikai during attack of Mino in 1562, he and Toshiie MAEDA offered the neck of Mataemon INABA each other, which remained unsettled, so Katsuie SHIBATA cut the neck and reported what happened to Nobunaga and Nobunaga commended three of them (according to Jyozankidan and Meisho Genkoroku [the collections of anecdotes of great commanders in Japanese history]).

私の著作の最良のものの鼓舞者であり、部分的には著者でもあった彼女--その真理と正義についての崇高な感覚が私の最高の刺激であり、その称賛が私の主要な褒美であった友にして妻への愛しくも悲痛な思い出に、この本を捧げます。
To the beloved and deplored memory of her who was the inspirer, and in part the author, of all that is best in my writings―the friend and wife whose exalted sense of truth and right was my strongest incitement, and whose approbation was my chief reward―I dedicate this volume.

2005年「金箔のあやなす彩りとロマン-人間国宝　江里佐代子・截金の世界」展が全国5会場を巡回 / 紫綬褒章を受章 / 京都迎賓館内部装飾に参加（晩餐室舞台扉「響流光韻」・大広間欄間「日月」・貴賓室飾棚など）
2005: 'Ayanasu (beautiful color or pattern) decoration with Gold Flakes- Sayoko ERI of Living National Treasure/the World of Saikin' exhibition went on a tour to five exhibition halls around Japan, and she was awarded the Shiju hosho (medal of honor with purple ribbon), participated in interior design Kyoto State Guest House (dinner room stage door called 'Koru Koin,' hall transom 'sun and moon' and a guest room decorated shelf).

また、臨時度としては官寺における定員の不足、天皇などの貴人の病気回復などを祈願したもの、貴族などへの褒賞の一環として当該貴族に特定人数の得度（の推挙）を許してその貴族による善行の積み重ねを助けたものなどが挙げられる。
Also, rinjido were hold in the occasions such as a shortage of priests in official temples, praying for restoration from illness and so on to nobilities such as the Emperor, and helping nobilities, who were permitted to approve fixed number of tokudo as an award by the government to nobilities, to accumulate good deeds.

というのは、言われたり為されたりしたとき、その良し悪しについての判断を求められると、彼は主導権をもつことはなかったとしても、その使用人の良い行いと悪い行いはよく分っており、良い行いは褒め、悪い行いは矯正したからです。
for whenever one has judgment to know good or bad when it is said and done, although he himself may not have the initiative, yet he can recognize the good and the bad in his servant, and the one he can praise and the other correct;
for whenever one has judgment to know good and bad when it is said and done, although he himself may not have the initiative, yet he can recognize the good and the bad in his servant, and the one he can praise and the other correct;

つまり100たび錐で札を突くのであり、たとえば第1番に突き刺したのが300両、以下5回目ごとに10両、10回目ごとに20両、50回目は200両、100回目（突留（つきとめ））には1000両、という様に褒美金がもらえる。
In other words, it was pricked 100 times with a drill and the prize money was 300 ryo for the first, 10 ryo for every 5th, 20 ryo for every 10th, 200 ryo for the 50th and 1000 ryo for the 100th.

『法華玄義』序には「妙者褒美不可思議之法也」、『維摩経』仏国品では「以斯妙法済群生」、また『法華経』方便品に「我法妙難思」、『涅槃経』名字功徳品「所説の種々の妙法、秘密深奥蔵門、悉くみなこの大般涅槃に入る」などとある。
'Hokke gengi' (subtle and profound essentials of the Lotus Sutra) mentions in its introduction that Myosha (skilled men) are rewarded with mysterious dharma; 'Yuimagyo' (Vimalakirti Sutra) mentions in its Bukkokuhon that public people may be rescued by this Myoho (supreme dharma); 'Hokekyo' mentions in its Hobenhon that Homyo (supreme dharma) is difficult to understand; 'Nehangyo' (the Nirvana Sutra) mentions in its Myoji-kudokuhon that any Myoho dharma of various theories, as well as any secrecy kept deep in warehouses, are all destined to enter the Great Nirvana.

一つ一つ違っていて、広々とした庭があって魅力的な家並が、もっぱら機能だけを追求したマンションにとって代わられるが、このマンションには、行き過ぎを思えるほど賞賛される「現代の便利な設備」以外に褒めるべき点はないのである。
Rows of houses, each of them different and pleasing with their spacious gardens, are replaced by purely functional blocks of flats which have nothing more to commend them than over-praised 'modern conveniences'.

当せんした者は褒美金全部を入手したのではなく、突留1000両を得たものはその100両を修理料として興行主に贈り、100両を札屋に礼として与え、その他諸費と称して4、50両取られたから、実際に得るところはおよそ700余両であった。
Winners didn't receive all of the prize money, if a winner got tsukitome 1000 ryo, he gave 100 ryo to the distributer as a repair fee and 100 ryo to ticket seller and also was taken 40 – 50 ryo as miscellaneous expense, so the rest was about 700 ryo.

1997年読売演劇大賞優秀男優賞、1998年文化庁芸術祭優秀賞、観世寿夫記念法政大学能楽賞、1999年大阪芸術賞、芸術選奨文部大臣賞、2002年度紫綬褒章、2006年大阪市・大阪文化祭賞グランプリ、大阪府・大阪舞台芸術賞を受賞。
He received the Yomiuri Play Award (Excellence Actor Award), in 1997; the Excellence Award of Arts Festival by the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs, the Hosei University Noh Drama Prize in Memory of Kanze Hisao in 1998; the Osaka Arts Award, the Minister of Education Award for Fine Arts in 1999; the Purple Ribbon Medal in 2002; and the grand prize of the Osaka Culture Festival Award of Osaka City, the Osaka Stage Arts Award of Osaka Prefecture in 2006.

なお、牧長・牧帳・牧子らが牧の経営にあたり、放牧中の馬を痩せさせたり、失ったり、あるいは、母蓄100頭に対して駒犢60頭という規定の増産数に達しない場合は、罰せられ、規定以上に駒犢を増やすことができれば、褒美として稲が与えられた。
Bokucho, makicho and bokushi, while managing the farm, were punished when they got free-range horses thin or lost, or when the prescribed goal of increase (60 ponies per 100 mares) was not attained, and they were given rice as rewards when more ponies were produced than prescribed.

経久の人柄を偲ばせる逸話として、『塵塚物語』は、経久は家臣が経久の持ち物を褒めると、たいそう喜んでどんな高価なものでも、すぐにその家臣に与えてしまうため、家臣たちは気を使って、経久の持ち物を褒めず眺めているだけにしたと伝えている。
As one anecdote to tell how kind Tsunehisa was, 'Chirizuka Monogatari' (Tales of Chirizuka) describes that whenever his vassals praised his valuable belongings, Tsunehisa was so pleased that he give it to them, and therefore, his vassals stopped giving praise but just enjoyed viewing them.

その頃、北陸における戦いで足利氏に敗れて吉野に落ち延びた脇屋義助（新田義貞の弟）に対して後村上天皇が慰労して褒賞を出すことを決めた際に洞院実世が「敗軍の将に恩賞を出すと言うのは富士川の戦いで敗れた平維盛以来である」と反対意見を述べた。
Around that time, when Emperor Gomurakami decided to present a special service reward to Yoshisuke WAKIYA (Yoshisada NITTA's younger brother) who lost the war against the Ashikaga clan in Hokuriku and fled to Yoshino, Saneyo TOIN objected, saying 'It will be the first time to give a special bonus to the head of a defeated army since the case of TAIRA no Koremori who lost the Battle of Fujigawa.'

そして、毀誉褒貶の種にならず、さらにわたしが望むよりも自分の原理を先にまで進めてしまうようなこともないけれど、一方で自分が学問の領域でなにを達成できて、なにを達成できないかをじゅうぶんにはっきりと示すような材料を選ぶのは、簡単だろうと思えた。
And I thought that it was easy for me to select some matters which should neither be obnoxious to much controversy, nor should compel me to expound more of my principles than I desired, and which should yet be sufficient clearly to exhibit what I can or cannot accomplish in the sciences.

このように素晴らしい恵みをもたらした人々が殉教するはめになり、その褒美がもっとも卑劣な犯罪者として扱われることだということは、この理論に基づけば、人類が粗服をまとい灰にまみれて喪に服すべき嘆かわしい過ちや不幸ではなく、まともで筋の通った事態なのです。
That the authors of such splendid benefits should be requited by martyrdom; that their reward should be to be dealt with as the vilest of criminals, is not, upon this theory, a deplorable error and misfortune, for which humanity should mourn in sackcloth and ashes, but the normal and justifiable state of things.

また声楽家の藍川由美は自著『「演歌」のススメ』の中でレコード録音された三浦の演奏を聴いて「歌詞の発音や発声法、音程、リズムなど、どれをとってもけっして褒められたものではない」と評し、日本人のなかにある「三浦環世界のプリマ伝説」に対し疑問を呈している。
Besides, in her own book ''Enka' no Susume' (Recommendation of 'Japanese ballad'), a vocal musician Yumi AIKAWA says 'any of the pronunciation of the lyrics, the vocalization, the musical interval, the rhythm, and so on is never praiseworthy' as an evaluation after she listened to the records of MIURA's performance, and presents a question as to 'the legend that Tamaki MIURA was a prima donna of the world' which many Japanese have cherished.

これに答えてローマの使節は「言われたことは、我らが戦争に介入しないほうが、諸君の国家にとってより良いし、有利だということだった。これほど誤っていることはない。なぜなら、介入しないままでいれば、恩顧もなく敬意も払われずに、勝者への褒美とされるのだ」と言いました。
To this the Roman legate answered:'As for that which has been said, that it is better and more advantageous for your state not to interfere in our war, nothing can be more erroneous;because by not interfering you will be left, without favour or consideration, the guerdon of the conqueror.'

公儀に対し奉り、忠節の輩に、御恩賞・御褒美を加えられたく候と雖も、領中等之なきに於ては、信長分領の内を以ても、上意次第に申し付くべきの事（将軍家に対して忠節を尽くした者に恩賞・褒美をやりたくても、将軍には領地が無いのだから、信長が分国の中で都合をつけることにすること）。
公儀に対し奉り,忠節の輩に,御恩賞・御褒美を加えられたく候と雖も,領中等之なきに於ては,信長分領の内を以ても,上意次第に申し付くべきの事 (Should it happen that the shogun wishes to recognize or reward those who have given loyal service to kogi [the public authority, i.e., the shogun] without there being estates available for that purpose, Nobunaga will allot such, if must be, from his own domains, as the shogun may require.)

褒状には「軟石ヲ密鐫シテ刀痕鮮明ナリ其石笛ハ発音未タ正律ニ協ハスト雖モ朗爽トシテ渋滞ナキハ鐫鑿ノ宜キニ因ヲ観ル」と受賞理由が明記され、これによって失われた石笛が軟石を緻密に彫刻したものであること、その笛が音階こそ整っていないものの爽やかな音色を奏でたことを知ることができる。
On the certificate, reasons for the award are written; 'The stone flute was carved from freestone and was elaborate, and although its music scale was off-key, the sound was brilliant.'

明治になって、勅令によって褒章条例がさだめられ、人命救助者、孝子、順孫、義僕、精励実業家、発明改良家、教育、衛生、社会事業、防疫の諸事業、道路、河渠、堤防、橋梁の修築、学校、病院の建設、田野の墾闢などにつくして公衆の利益をはかり、成績のすこぶる顕著なものにたいして褒章をあたえることにした。
In the Meiji period, an ordinance for granting rewards was prescribed by imperial edict -- such that rewards were to be granted to the most conspicuous among: those who saved a life; koshi; junson; giboku; hard-working businessman; a person who involved in invention and innovation; and those who served the public interest by devoted themselves to education, hygiene, social service, projects to prevent epidemics, repair and construction of road, alveus, bank, and bridge, construction of school and hospital, and development of farms and fields.

「日本の失敗を天皇制のせいだと非難はしても、日本の成功に関して天皇制を褒めることはしなかったのが戦後歴史家たちであるが、これと異なり、明治知識人たちは日本の進歩の功を天皇に帰しはしても、その短所を天皇のせいにはしなかった」という指摘が明治時代と戦後の天皇制に関する論評の違いについてなされている。
The difference in the views toward Tennosei of the Meiji period and the post war period is pointed out that the 'post-war historians were all blaming the Tennosei for the failure of Japan but never praised it for the success of the country; to the contrary, intellectuals of the Meiji period thanked the Emperor for their success but never blamed him for the defects.'

ただし、自民党などもその蜷川知事の出した予算に任期中ずっと賛成していたり、議会内では蜷川知事を褒め称える言動を数々していた事実や、保守支持層の大部分も「高速道路がなくても他と違う京都が良い」「赤くても白くても日々の仕事と生活を豊かにしてくれるトップであれば良い」という理由で蜷川支持にまわっていたこともある。
Nevertheless, the LDP members approved the budget proposed by the governor Ninagawa throughout his terms and they frequently showed their admiration for the governor Ninagawa with their words and behaviors in the prefectural assembly hall, and the LDP left most of the conservative supporters to support Ninagawa for the reason that 'they preferred Kyoto distinct from other prefectures, even if Kyoto had no expressway' and 'they only need their leader to enrich their life both officially and personally whether the leader is reformist or conservative.'