術: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 火術
- Ka jutsu (art of fire)
- 骨法術
- Koppo jutsu (a martial art with bare hands)
- 気合術
- Kiai jutsu (a ninjutsu using vital energy)
- 術後除痛
- postoperative pain relief
- 陽流砲術
- Yo-ryu hojutsu (gunnery of Yo school)
- 関流砲術
- Seki-ryu Hojutsu (Gunnery of Seki school)
- 五車の術
- Gosha no jutsu (five verbal skills to control other person psychologically)
- 天唾の術
- Tenda no jutsu (a skill to feed the enemy's spy disinformation)
- 手裏剣術
- Shuriken jutsu (art of shuriken)
- 日本美術院
- The Japan Art Academy
- 武術と宗家
- Martial arts and Soke
- 森重流砲術
- Morishige-ryu hojutsu (gunnery of Morishige school)
- 器具・体術
- Instruments and physical skills
- 虫獣遁の術
- Chujuton no jutsu (a tonjutsu using insects and animals)
- 楊心流薙刀術
- 'Yoshin-ryu naginata-jutsu' (Yoshin school of naginata wielding techniques)
- Yoshin-ryu school of naginata jutsu (art of halberd)
- 天道流薙刀術
- 'Tendo-ryu naginata-jutsu' (Tendo school of naginata wielding techniques)
- 剣術との相違
- Difference from swordplay
- 日本芸術院賞
- Award of the Japan Art Academy
- 武徳会柔術形
- 'Kata' of jujutsu established by Greater Japan Martial Virtue Society
- 落語芸術協会
- Rakugo Art Association
- 獅子身中の術
- Shishishinchu no jutsu
- 呪術的な要素
- Magical factors of obi
- 参考:類感呪術
- Reference: imitative magic
- 直心影流薙刀術
- 'Jikishinkage-ryu naginata-jutsu' (Jikishinkage school of naginata wielding techniques)
- 合気道の武器術
- The art of weaponry in aikido
- 鑓術とも書く。
- The name Sojutsu (the art of the spearmanship) is also inscribed by using different Chinese characters.
- 武士以外と棒術
- People other than samurai and Bojutsu
- 牛と妖怪と呪術
- The cows, specters and magic
- 日本美術の歴史
- Japanese art history
- 『円理秘術』。
- He wrote 'Enri hijutsu.'
- アンチコピー技術
- anti-copying technology (software)
- 日本の棒術の由来
- The origin of Bojutsu in Japan
- 棒術の特徴と技法
- The characters and techniques of Bojutsu
- 東京芸術大学蔵。
- Owned by Tokyo University of the Arts.
- 京都嵯峨芸術大学
- Kyoto Saga University of Arts
- 戸田派武甲流薙刀術
- 'Toda-ha Buko-ryu naginata-jutsu' (Toda group's Buko school of naginata wielding techniques)
- 海外への柔術の普及
- Jujutsu's spread abroad
- 京都賞先端技術部門
- The Advanced Technology category of the Kyoto Prizes
- The Kyoto Prize in the Category of Advanced Technology
- - 日本芸術院賞。
- He received the Award of the Japan Art Academy.
- 砲術(ほうじゅつ)
- Hojutsu (the art of gunnery)
- 日本の伝統的な砲術
- Japanese traditional art of gunnery
- 現在の忍術の伝承者
- Today's successors of ninjutsu
- 即興芸術としての能
- Noh as an art of improvisation
- 多くの薙刀術を統合。
- AJNF integrated many schools' various naginata wielding techniques into the sole standards.
- 京都賞思想・芸術部門
- The Arts and Philosophy category of the Kyoto Prizes
- Kyoto Prize in the Category of Arts and Philosophy
- - 戦国時代 幻術師
- The Sengoku period. An illusionist
- 日本美術展覧会(日展)
- The Japan Fine Arts Exhibition (Nitten)
- 「和風」芸術と文化の例
- Examples of 'Wafu' arts and culture
- 立位で行う弓矢の武術。
- A martial art of Yumiya performed in the standing position.
- 他武道・他武術との関係
- Its relationship to other martial arts
- 和道流空手(柔術拳法)
- 'Wado-ryu karate' (Wado school of karate) and 'Wado-ryu jujutsu kenpo' (Wado school of kenpo mixed with jujutsu)
- - 日本芸術院会員に。
- He became a member of the Japan Art Academy.
- 関流筒:関流砲術参照。
- Seki style gun: See Seki's school of gunnery.
- 大東流合気柔術との相違点
- The difference from Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu (the Daito style self-defense technique)
- 手裏剣使用による格闘技術
- Combat techniques using shuriken
- 金山寺図(シカゴ美術館)
- Landscape of Kinzan-ji Temple (The Art institute of Chicago)
- 1986年 日本芸術院賞
- 1986: Award of the Japan Art Academy
- 京都賞先端技術部門受賞者
- The winners of the Kyoto Prize in the Category of Advanced Technology
- メトロポリタン美術館蔵。
- In the possession of the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
- 芸術・音楽・文学・映画など
- Art, music, literature, movies, etc.
- 呪術的に力が付与されたもの
- Omamori Conferred with Magic Power
- 弓術については弓術を参照。
- As for Kyujutsu, see the article on Kyujutsu.
- 現代武道の母体としての柔術
- Jujutsu as the basis of modern martial arts
- 2009年 毎日芸術賞受賞
- 2009: Mainichi Art Award
- 京都賞思想・芸術部門受賞者
- Recepients of the Kyoto Prize in the category of Arts and Philosophy
- またはその技術や製法のこと。
- Also, techniques and production methods.
- 以上などが柔術の源流である。
- These were the origin of jujutsu.
- 戦前は帝国芸術院賞といった。
- Prior to World War II, it was referred to as the Imperial Arts Academy Award.
- 西洋式の大砲などを撃つ技術。
- 2. The Western method of firing artillery
- 1974年 東京芸術大学教授
- 1974 Became a professor of Tokyo University of the Arts
- 武芸としては馬上弓術とされる。
- Kisha and Kisha-Mitsumono are classified into horseback archery for a martial art.
- 「柔術」が意味するところの変遷
- How the meaning of 'jujutsu' has changed
- 風濤図(野村美術館)重要文化財
- Wind and Waves (Nomura Art Museum) Important Cultural Property
- 1985年 芸術選奨文部大臣賞
- 1985: Minister of Education Award for Fine Arts
- 2000年 日本芸術院会員に。
- 2000: He became a member of The Japan Art Academy.
- - 弓矢の達人、弓術に長けた人。
- It means master of Yumiya or a person who is good at Kyujutsu.
- 弓矢の技術に長けた代々続く家系。
- It means a successive lineage that had a high technique of Yumiya.
- 弓矢の家の長、弓術の流派の開祖。
- It also means the head of Yumiya no ie or the founder of the schools of Kyujutsu.
- ブラジリアン柔術の影響はどうか。
- How about the influence of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu ?
- 花鳥図屏風(ミネアポリス美術館)
- Flowers and Birds (Minneapolis Institute of Arts)
- 1959年 美術院国宝修理所所長
- 1959 Became the Director of the Kokuho Shurijo of the Nihon Bijitsuin
- 伝統的な作刀技術の保存に努めた。
- They made an effort to preserve traditional techniques of creating swords.
- 武(戦)や武士における戦術と技術。
- It is a tactic and technique for samurai during battle.
- 奇術は近世初期に「手妻」となった。
- Tricks became 'tezuma' in early-modern times.
- 明治以降、諸外国に柔術が普及した。
- Since the Meiji period, jujutsu has spread to foreign countries.
- 古流柔術に対してでさえそうである。
- Even koryu jujutsu is regarded as the same.
- 龍虎図屏風(クリーヴランド美術館)
- Dragon and Tiger (The Cleveland Museum of Art)
- 忍術には「陰忍」と「陽忍」がある。
- There are two types of ninjutsu, 'Innin' and 'Yonin'.
- 日本美術には実に多様な種類がある。
- Japanese art has such a wide variety of arts.
- 日本古式弓馬術協会(武田流鎌倉派)
- Japanese Traditional Archery on Horseback Association (Takeda-ryu Kamakura school)
- 甲賀流の継承者で甲賀流忍術14世。
- He was a successor of Koga school and the fourteenth headmaster of Koga school ninjutsu.
- 江天遠意図(根津美術館)重要文化財
- Koten Bosetsu zu (evening landscape and the sky over a river) (Nezu Museum) : important cultural property
- 学術調査以外に公開された記録なし。
- This statue has never been unveiled to the public except for the purpose of academic research.
- 武術では、木太刀(きだち)ともいう。
- In martial arts, they are also called kidachi.
- 鴻池善右衛門を中心とした酒造技術書。
- It was a technical book on sake brewing mainly about Zenemon KONOIKE.
- 「護身術」としての有効性に関する議論
- Debate regarding its effectiveness as an 'art of self-defense'
- 組み技、組み討ち技という意の「柔術」
- Jujutsu' inaccurately used to mean kumi-waza (techniques of hand-to-hand fighting) or kumiuchi-waza (techniques of grappling)
- 杖術、杖道においては「仕杖」という。
- It is called 'Shijo' in Jojutsu and Jodo (a form of martial art using a cane staff).
- 密教占星術、宿曜占星術などともいう。
- It is also called the Esoteric Buddhism astrology or Sukuyo astrology.
- 後に伊藤は立川飛行機の技術者になる。
- He later became an engineer of Tachikawa Aircraft.
- 柔術の実践者、関係者の間でも使われる。
- It is also used among the jujutsu practitioners and other people in the community.
- 相手と会話の中で心理を突く話術である。
- They are five verbal skills to control other person psychologically in conversation.
- 1988年 宝塚造形芸術大学非常勤講師
- 1988 Became a part-time professor of Takarazuka University of Art and Design
- ニューヨークのメトロポリタン美術館蔵。
- In the possession of the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
- (あえて剣術や杖術を修練する必要がない)
- (There is no need to specially train in swordplay and Jojutsu.)
- 「読み上げ」「山伏問答」における雄弁術。
- The oratory displayed in the Scene of 'Reading Kanjincho Aloud' and the Scene of 'Yamabushi Mondo.'
- 墨を練る技術以外に、墨の形が重要となる。
- Besides the technique to knead sumi, the shape of sumi is also important.
- 明の算術書『算法統宗』を模範としたもの。
- The idea for the book was taken from the Ming mathematical treatise called 'Sanpo toso.'
- (例:2000年芸術・文化・ファッション)
- (e.g.: Art, culture and fashion in 2000)
- 柔術は江戸時代になってからの呼び名である。
- The name jujutsu began to be used from the Edo period.
- これが基になり、剣術や柔術などが生まれた。
- With this as a foundation, kenjutsu, jujutsu, etc. came into existence.
- また柔術系の武術としては竹内流が成立した。
- Besides, for the martial art of the jujutsu group, the Takeuchi-ryu school was established.
- 20世紀後半ごろには養殖技術が確立された。
- By the latter half of the 20th century aqua farming technology was established.
- 大豆の加工技術も禅寺から興ったものである。
- Soybean-processing techniques developed from Zen temples as well.
- 広義には、長巻、薙刀術、剣、槍なども入る。
- In a broad sense, Nagamaki, Naginata, Ken and Yari are also included.
- 日本の剣術で形稽古に使用するために作られた。
- They have been developed for the kata-geiko (form practice) of Japanese kenjutsu (swordplay).
- 灘素麺(兵庫県)…三輪から技術を伝えられる。
- Nada somen (Hyogo Prefecture): Technique transferred from Miwa.
- 忍者が主に追っ手からの逃走に用いる術である。
- It is a skill which ninja used to run away from chasers.
- 敵から逃走する際に、敵を足止めする術である。
- It is a skill to make enemies stuck when ninja runs away from them.
- 古武術には忍術の名残りが見られるものもある。
- Some kobujutsu (old manners of martial art) still have traces of ninjutsu.
- 的(まと)は、弓道・弓術で用いる標的である。
- Mato refers to a target used in kyudo and other Japanese archery arts.
- なお中国の剣術に対しては中国剣を参照のこと。
- Concerning Chinese Kenjutsu, refer to Chinese swords.
- これを揚鞭といい、はなはだ困難な技術である。
- This is called Agemuchi and is an extremely difficult technique to perform.
- 繊細な感覚と確かな技術で上菓子はつくられる。
- Jogashi can only be made by those with refined taste and a solid technique.
- 合気道の体術に剣術や杖術の理合が含まれている。
- The taijutsu of Aikido includes the rationale of swordplay and Jojutsu.
- その大多数は、渡来系に属する技術者たちである。
- Most of them were engineers who belonged to the immigrants in ancient Japan.
- 一般家庭には、礼装の和服を洗濯する技術がない。
- An ordinary household does not have the technique for washing formal wear Wafuku.
- 槍術(そうじゅつ)は、日本古来の武術のひとつ。
- The art of Sojutsu (the spearmanship) is one of the martial arts that has been performed since ancient ages in Japan.
- 今日の柔道も、その柔術より派生したものである。
- Contemporary Judo is derived from Jujutsu.
- 後に興仙はその秘術を河野通昭に伝えたとされる。
- Afterward, Kosen is believed to have handed down the secret art to Michiaki KAWANO.
- 茶の学術的な分類として定義された言葉ではない。
- It is not a term defined as tea in a scholarly classification.
- 神事であるが武術の向上を目的とした競技でもある。
- It is also considered an athletic sport aiming to improve martial arts as well as Shinto rituals.
- 柔道というと地元の柔術流儀をさす場合も多かった。
- In those days, judo meant a local school of jujutsu in many cases.
- 天文12年、ポルトガル人が種子島に砲術を伝えた。
- In 1543, the Portuguese introduced the art of gunnery into the Tanegashima Island.
- 和佐家は以降も代々藩の弓術師範役となり存続した。
- After that, the Wasa family still continued as a grand master of archery of the domain for generations.
- 文楽の芸は緻密で芸術的であり、演目は少なかった。
- His performance of Bunraku was artistic, and he didn't have much acting props.
- 『平家物語』に剣術の技名のようなものが見られる。
- What looks like the name of Kenjutsu skill is seen in 'The Tale of Heike'.
- 1935年、東京美術学校(現東京芸術大学)入学。
- In 1935, he entered Tokyo School of Fine Arts (present Tokyo University of Arts).
- インド呪術は、僊那から日本僧の弟子へ伝授された。
- The Indian occult art was taught from Senna to his Japanese disciples.
- 剣術流派の源流のひとつである念流の始祖とされる。
- He is considered as the founder of Nen-ryu school, one of the origins of swordplay schools.
- 家康には鷹匠組なる技術者が側近として付いていた。
- Ieyasu appointed Takajo-gumi, astringers, that is, technicians of Taka-gari, and assigned them as his aides.
- 国際社会に日本人の技術と精神を示すものであった。
- This was to show Japanese technology and mentality to the international society.
- 中条流や、それより生まれた富田流の小太刀術が有名。
- Famous for kodachijutsu are Chujo school and its branch, Tomita school.
- 技法や稽古法等は大東流合気柔術をほぼ継承している。
- The techniques and training methods used have generally been inherited from Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu.
- 陸軍で日本式の剣術が復活するのは以降のことだった。
- Japanese Kenjutsu was revived in the Army long afterward.
- 版画として大量に出回った春画は、その芸術性は高い。
- The shunga widely-circulated as woodblock paints had high artistic quality.
- すぐに美術院国宝修理所に入所、仏像修理の道に入る。
- Soon he entered the Kokuho Shurijo (atelier to restore national treasures) of the Nihon Bijitsuin (The Japan Art Institute) to devote himself to repair Buddhist statues.
- 僊那は、華厳経の諷誦にすぐれ、呪術にも通じていた。
- Senna was good at reciting the text of Kegon-kyo (Avatamsaka Sutra) and practicing an occult art.
- しかし、江戸時代にこの四季醸造の技術は消滅していく。
- However, the practice of fermentation of sake in each of the four seasons died out in the Edo period.
- 他の舞台芸術と同様に、実演を生で見るのが一番である。
- Like other performing arts, it is the best to enjoy live performance.
- この楊弓は「座った状態」で行う、正式な弓術であった。
- This Yokyu was used in official Kyujutsu performed in the 'seated position.'
- 後に、灘素麺の技術は播州、鴨方など他産地に伝播した。
- The technique of Nada somen transferred later to other areas including Banshu and Kamogata.
- 古くから、身体を作るのには棒術が良いと言われている。
- From old times, it has been said that Bojutsu is an excellent method for building up the body.
- 遊印が登場して篆刻の芸術性が認められるようになった。
- With the appearance of yuin, the artistry of tenkoku became recognized.
- 相打ちを重要視している剣術は、陰流系統の流派に多い。
- Most swordplay schools which emphasize aiuchi are branches of the Kage school (a swordsmanship school established in the latter of the Muromachi period).
- また、高度な木工技術と生産体制を今日まで伝えている。
- Also significant was the time and cost to develop the advanced woodworks technology and production system leading to today.
- 巻藁(まきわら)は、弓道、弓術における型の稽古用の的。
- Makiwara is a target for practicing kata (form) in kyudo or kyujutsu (Japanese art of archery).
- 日本の剣術では形稽古は専ら木刀を使って稽古をしている。
- In Japanese kenjutsu, kata-geiko is carried out using mainly bokuto.
- 稽古人数が多い一部有名剣術流派のものは市販されている。
- Those used in some famous kenjutsu schools with many practitioners are commercially available.
- 射術に関しては日置流を根幹とし、当然斜面打起しである。
- Because the shooting technique is based on that of Heki school, the method of readying and raising the bow is Shamen Uchiokoshi (anchoring in slanting position).
- 武士の小太刀、小刀、脇差などでの護身術(小具足術など)
- The self-defense techniques of the samurai with a dagger, a knife, or a short sword: Kogusoku-jutsu (The techniques of short sword grappling) and others
- 弓矢隊や弓兵・弓歩兵を生み出し、戦術も多様に広がった。
- The troops with Yumiya, archers and foot soldiers with bows were created and various tactics were developed.
- 手裏剣を隠し武器、格闘用の小武器に使用する技術がある。
- According to one technique, shuriken are used as camouflaged weapons or smaller weapons for combat.
- 他方、ブラジリアン柔術競技では当身技が禁じられている。
- On the other hand, atemi-waza is forbidden in the Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu competition itself.
- 柔術はおおむね、江戸時代までに興された徒手武術をさす。
- Roughly speaking, jujutsu means the unarmed martial arts established before the Edo period.
- 共に日本の武術を元に作り上げられた武道・格闘技である。
- Both are martial arts and combative sports that have been developed based on Japanese martial arts.
- 陽流砲術(ようりゅうほうじゅつ)は砲術の流派のひとつ。
- Yo-ryu hojutsu was a school of gunnery.
- 関流砲術(せきりゅうほうじゅつ)は砲術の流派のひとつ。
- Gunnery of Seki school is one of the schools of gunnery.
- 馬上の弓術『騎射』は武芸の中でも最高位のものとされる。
- Archery whilst mounted on horseback was considered as one of the highest forms of martial arts.
- 平安時代の真言密教の呪術がそもそもの起源のものも多い。
- Many of the sects originated from the occultism of the Shingon Sect of Esoteric Buddhism in the Heian period.
- このころ篆刻芸術の黎明期に当たり、後進に影響を与えた。
- It was the time when the art of tenkoku was emerging, and therefore Genjo had considerable influence on young newcomers.
- 不老長寿の術を茅山の陶弘景について学び「仙経」を得た。
- He studied the secret art of eternal youth and longevity from Tao Hong-jing in Maoshan and obtained 'Sengyo (Taoist bible).'
- 現存する鷹狩技術のテキストとしては世界で二番目に古い。
- It is the second oldest among existing books on falconry technique..
- しかし、呪術と同様に、科学的にはなお実証不可能である。
- However, like with magic, it is impossible to find scientific proof.
- 日本発祥の芸術で、国際的に広がっていると言う人もいる。
- It originated in Japan, and is spreading around the world.
- 小太刀術と呼ばれるが、これは小太刀を用いる意味ではない。
- Although named as kodachijutu, it does not mean an art using a kodachi (small sword).
- 秋田藩佐竹氏に伝わっていた、日本最初の民間の酒造技術書。
- It was the first private technical book on sake brewing which was succeeded by the Satake clan in the Akita Domain.
- 箏曲、三味線音楽など近世都市の芸術音楽を中心に使われる。
- Miyako-bushi scale is mainly used in artistic music in modern cities such as koto music and shamisen music.
- 日本の剣術から生まれた剣道でも二刀流を行う剣道家がいる。
- Some fencers in kendo (Japanese art of fencing), which originated in Japanese sword art, use two-sword fencing as well.
- これらの乱捕の技術が現在の柔道の乱取と試合の源流である。
- These techniques of randori are the origin of today's judo's randori and matches.
- 柔術から生みだされた武道として、柔道・合気道などがある。
- Some martial arts, such as judo and aikido, derived from jujutsu.
- 剣術や柔術、居合術、弓術などは総じて武術と呼ばれていた。
- Kenjutsu, jujutsu, iaijutsu (technique of drawing real swords), kyujutsu, etc. were called bujutsu (武術) in general.
- 日本刀、陶磁器、茶道具等の古美術品に付されることが多い。
- Gimei is often inscribed in antiques such as Japanese swords, ceramic ware, tea utensils.
- 天元術では、算盤(さんばん)と呼ばれる表と算木を用いた。
- In Tengen-jutsu, a combination of a chart and sangi called sanban was used.
- 関流砲術では、7発位撃つと弾が入り難くなると伝えている。
- Seki's school of gunnery has taught that at about every seven shots it becomes difficult for a bullet to be inserted.
- 壁画は焼け焦げてその芸術的価値は永遠に失われてしまった。
- The murals were burnt and lost the artistic value forever.
- また、武術に用いられる物として、鉄扇(てっせん)がある。
- Sensu called Tessen (iron-ribbed fans) is used for martial arts.
- このように日本の芸術の評価は異国趣味の一つに過ぎなかった。
- Thus Japanese art was only evaluated as an aspect of exoticism.
- これらのアーティストは、多くの日本美術の特徴を取り入れた。
- These artists adopted many features of Japanese art.
- その多くは入り身を主体とし、柔術的な技法を含む場合も多い。
- Techniques of kodachijutsu mainly consist of irimi (technique for avoiding an attack by stepping into the dead zone of the attacker) and also includes many techniques like jujutu (Japanese self-defense martial art without weapons).
- これがやがて昭和時代の三倍増醸酒へと至る技術の一端である。
- This is one of the techniques which led to the sanbai zojoshu (tripling the sake) in the Showa period.
- 諸白の技術の発達は、とうぜん精米技術と密接な関わりを持つ。
- Naturally, the development of moro-haku brewing techniques have been closely related to rice polishing techniques.
- 美術品としては尾形光琳の「蒔絵梅椿若松図重箱」などが有名。
- Makie-baichin-wakamatuzu-jubako by Korin OGATA is famous as an example of artistic Jubako.
- 講道館が外国へと普及する前に、多くの柔術家が海外へ渡った。
- Before Kodokan judo became popular in foreign countries, many jujutsu artists went there.
- - 戦場での敵の機動性、数、戦術や戦場の地勢や地理的環境。
- The mobility of the enemy, numbers, strategy, landscape, and geographical features at the battlefield.
- 左太刀の技術は、日本武術では新陰流の系統で伝承されている。
- The Hidari Tachi technique has been handed down in the Shinkage school in the Japanese martial arts.
- 日置流竹林派(ちくりんは)の弓術家であり、通し矢の天下一。
- He was a kyujutsuka (archer) of Chikurin line of Heki school, and the Tenkaichi (Japan's No. 1) of Toshiya (long-range archery).
- 藤田美術館(大阪市都島区網島町)蔵断簡 1枚(重要文化財)
- Fragment, held by Fujita Museum of Art (Amijima-cho, Miyakojima Ward, Osaka City); important cultural property
- 現代に忍術を伝えると称している武術家が少数ながら存在する。
- There are a very few martial artists who claim they are handing down ninjutsu to posterity.
- 1929(S4)年、1月中旬に石川島飛行機の技術部に勤務。
- In the middle of January, 1929, he started to work for the engineering department of the Ishikawajima Aircraft Manufacturing Company.
- 臙脂は、浸透性が強く、塗り方は難しく、熟練した技術を要する。
- Dark red color has strong permeability, and is difficult to paint with, requiring experience and skill.
- 霊威から祈祷や占いの呪術としての道具の意味合いも持っていた。
- It also had meaning as a tool for praying or the magic of fortune telling because it had spiritual power.
- 槍術を中心とする流派は、明治から昭和にかけて多くが失伝した。
- Most of the schools mainly dealing with the art of the spearmanship are lost without transmission of the techniques during the period from Meiji to Showa.
- また、陳元贇自身が実際に武術を行ったという記録は存在しない。
- There is actually no record that Chen Yuan-Yun himself practiced martial arts.
- 森重流砲術(もりしげりゅうほうじゅつ)は砲術の流派のひとつ。
- Morishige-ryu hojutsu was a school of gunnery.
- 中国では『九章算術』と呼ばれる数学書が前漢には登場していた。
- In China, a mathematical treatise titled 'Kyusho Sanjutsu' (Art of Mathematics in Nine Chapters) appeared during the time of the Former Han Dynasty.
- 馬が馬駐に達する速さが競われたが、乗尻の技術なども問われた。
- The jockeys competed for the speed to reach the goal, but the skills of norijiri was considered important.
- 弓道場(きゅうどうじょう)とは弓道、弓術を行う為の道場を言う。
- 'Kyudojo' is a dojo (a training hall) to do kyudo (Japanese art of archery) and kyujutsu (same as above).
- 幾つかの空手道や拳法の流派が柔術の影響を受けて創始されている。
- Some schools of karate and kenpo were established under the influence of jujutsu.
- 火縄銃や大筒、棒火矢などを用いる日本式の伝統的な射撃術のこと。
- 1. The Japanese traditional art of firing matchlock guns, Japanese artillery, or burning arrows
- 町人や大店は名誉職と割り切り利潤の還元という処世術でもあった。
- Chonin or odana thought of this as an unpaid job, and knew how to succeed in life by plowing a part their profits back into society.
- この時期の日本人は彫刻を芸術的な表現として好まなくなっていた。
- Japanese people during this period didn't like to have sculptures as artistic expressions.
- 後にはこうした意匠に沿った芸能や美術・建築などにも用いられた。
- Later, it also came to mean performing arts, art objects and architecture which were in tune with the spirit of Furyu.
- 出光美術館(東京都千代田区丸の内)蔵断簡 掛幅装(重要文化財)
- Fragment, as a hanging scroll, held by Idemitsu Museum of Arts (Marunouchi, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo); important cultural property
- 元来「日知り」を意味し、太陽の司祭者・呪術者を指したとされる。
- Hijiri originated from 'hishiri,' which was the celebrant or the shaman of the sun.
- 陶道明聴松図(山梨県立美術館→山梨県立博物館へ移管)重要文化財
- To Domyo Chosho zu (To Domyo hearing the wind at the top of a pine tree) (transferred from Yamanashi Prefectural Museum of Art to Yamanashi Prefectural Museum) : important cultural property
- ここでも土木技術や薬学をはじめ多分野を学び、経典等を収集した。
- Here as well, he learnt lots of things in many areas, including civil engineering technology and pharmacology, and collected Buddhist scriptures.
- また、前述の通り、和菓子には芸術作品としての側面も要求される。
- Also, as mentioned above, wagashi are also required to incorporate artistic elements.
- それが復活できたのは、じつに昭和時代の工業技術によってであった。
- It was revived by an industrial technique in the Showa period.
- 竹刀や薙刀術薙刀による打突の衝撃から、頭部や胸部などを保護する。
- It protects players' head and chest from a thrust with a bamboo sword or a naginata in the naginata jutsu (art of Japanese halberd).
- 弓術や弓道と違い、免許皆伝や流派の開祖となることは出来なかった。
- Unlike Kyujutsu and Kyudo, they could not get a license or open a new school.
- - 武(戦)や武士における戦術と技術に心根や生き様を兼ねたもの。
- It includes the mind and way of life in tactics and techniques, at the same time, for samurai during battle.
- 体術のみでは不十分で剣術や杖術などの武器術も修練する必要がある。
- Taijutsu alone is not sufficient, but training in the art of weaponry such as swordplay and Jojutsu is necessary.
- 柔術が組み技、組み討ち技が主な武術・格闘技と考えている人も多い。
- Many people also think jujutsu is the martial arts (a combat sport) whose main techniques are kumi-waza, or kumiuchi-waza.
- また、上記のものは柔術の流れを汲むため、広義では柔術に含まれる。
- But in a broad sense, jujutsu includes the above-mentioned martial arts, because they also descended from jujutsu.
- 妖怪は芸術・娯楽の分野で、作品の題材としても数多く扱われてきた。
- Yokai has been treated often as a theme for works in the field of art and entertainment.
- 古武道の多くは、技術の進歩段階や人格を見て各種の許しを発行した。
- In many of the kobudo schools, a variety of licenses were issued, based upon the judgment of the grade in the progress of techniques and character as a man.
- 同年5月15日、常議員会で武術専門学校を武道専門学校に変更承認。
- On May 15 of the same year, Jogiinkai (the permanent committee) approved of changing the name from Bujutsu Senmon Gakko to Budo Senmon Gakko (Vocational Training School of Martial Arts).
- 面倒見がよく、また人の才能を見抜く術を心得ていたといわれている。
- He was said to have been an accommodating person and also have known how to recognize the talents of others.
- (失敗に終わったが、後に杖術、棒術を講道館に取り入れようとした)
- (Although he failed, he tried to introduce Jojutsu and Bojutsu at the Kodokan Judo Institute later)
- 星野 茂則(ほしの しげのり)は江戸時代前期の尾張藩士・弓術家。
- Shigenori HOSHINO was a feudal retainer of the Owari clan and an expert in kyujutsu (the art of Japanese archery) who lived during the early part of the Edo period.
- 通常、この「天文遁甲」は忍術ではなく占術のことと解釈されている。
- Generally, 'tenmon tonko' is interpreted as a fortune-telling not a ninjutsu.
- この五筆和尚の図が『弘法大師伝絵巻』(白鶴美術館蔵)に見られる。
- A painting of Gohitsu Osho can be seen in 'the Kobo Daishi den emaki picture scroll,' which is reserved in the Hakutsuru Museum.
- これを簡略化したものが、一般に「宿曜占星術」として流布している。
- A simplified version of this technique is generally used as 'Sukuyo astrology.'
- 隠し念仏は総称であり、地域や流儀などによって呪術的儀式は異なる。
- Kakushi nenbutsu is the general term for heretical sects, and their occult rituals differ from region to region, and from school to school.
- 極一部の居合術流派(江戸時代以来の流派)は鞘木刀で稽古をしている。
- A very small portion of iai-jutsu schools (those founded since the Edo period) practice with saya bokuto.
- フェノロサが日本の美術に強い関心を示し、評価したことは有名である。
- It is well-known that Fenollosa showed a strong interest in Japanese art and evaluated it highly.
- 仕込工程初期に酵素剤を添加することで醸造期間を短縮する技術がある。
- The technology of adding enzyme reagent in the early period of the preparation process shortens the brewing period.
- 合気道の武器術については、師範により下のように見解が分かれている。
- Regarding the art of weaponry in aikido, views differ as described below, depending on the grandmaster.
- 逢魔刻(大禍刻)や丑三つ刻だけでなく、丑の刻参りという呪術がある。
- Aside from omagatoki (time to meet the demon) and ushimitsudoki (3 to 3:30 AM), there is a hexing ritual called ushi no koku mairi.
- 武術家たちは撃剣興行等の見世物、興行を行い武術を振興しようとした。
- Bujutsuka (martial artists) put on the shows or entertainment performances of swordsmanship to promote bujutsu.
- 今日伝わる剣術の流派は「京八流・関東七流」を源流とする伝えられる。
- It has been passed down that the origin of contemporary schools of Kenjutsu was 'Kyo-Hachiryu (eight schools in Kyoto)/Kanto-Shihiryu (seven schools in Kanto)'.
- 父実延は、日置流竹林派(ちくりんは)の佐武吉全の弓術の弟子だった。
- His father Sanenobu was a kyujutsu (archery) disciple of Kichizen SATAKE from Chikurin line of Heki school.
- 1997年にはパリのルーヴル美術館で百済観音の特別展示が行われた。
- In 1997, a special exhibition on Kudara Kannon was held at the Louvre Museum in Paris.
- 日本文化がヨーロッパでまず注目されたのは浮世絵などの美術品であった。
- The first thing attracting European people's attention to the Japanese culture were arts such as Ukiyoe.
- 日本の武術での二刀流は、右手に本差を左手に脇差を持った形が最も多い。
- The major style of two-sword fencing in the Japanese martial arts is holding a honzashi (a long sword) in the right hand and a wakizashi (a short sword) in the left hand.
- このように、武術に対して、他の禅の用語と同じく大きな影響をあたえた。
- As seen above, they had a big impact on martial arts along with other Zen terms.
- 基本的に技術関係が深い(移住、修行、子孫等)一派の間で行われやすい。
- Basically, gimei is often used within the school with close technical relationships (immigration, training, descendant, etc.).
- また、その製法技術は、日本海交易により福岡からもたらされたとする説。
- There are various theories about how the manufacturing method came to the region, such as a theory suggesting that it was introduced from Fukuoka via Japan Sea Trade.
- 4年生の時、同校の古美術研究旅行で京都・奈良をまわり、法隆寺に感激。
- When he was a senior, he visited Kyoto and Nara in an antiquities study tour of the school and was deeply moved by the Horyu-ji Temple.
- たけし&マチャミの世界に誇る日本の技術に驚いてみませんか?SP
- Takeshi & Machami's Why Not Get Surprised With World-class Japanese Technology? Special
- 博物館、資料館、美術館、文学館、歴史館、科学館、水族館、動物園、植物園
- Museums, resource centers, art museums, literary museums, historical museums, science museums, aquariums, zoos, and botanical gardens
- 森川香山は少年期から父道寿より日置流寿徳派の弓術を学び射技精妙となる。
- Kozan MORIKAWA had been taught Heki school Jutoku line's archery by Doju, his father, since his childhood and came to expert in shooting.
- 狭義には宋 (王朝)、元 (王朝)、明時代の美術作品を指す場合もある。
- In a narrow sense, it sometimes refers to the art products during the Sung (dynasty), the Yuan (dynasty) and the Ming periods.
- 武田流合気之術を受け継ぐとする、武田流中村派合気道、日本伝無限流合気道
- Takeda school Nakamura group aikido and Nihonden Mugen school aikido, which are said to be successors of Takeda school Aiki no jutsu.
- 但し、槍術中心ではないものの、槍術を含む総合武術の流派なども存在する。
- Nevertheless, some schools of comprehensive martial arts including the art of the spearmanship are still present today although the art of the spearmanship is not the specialty of such schools.
- 発生当初は雑兵用だったが、次第に武将も使うようになり、槍術が発達した。
- When it was first generated, it was for zohyo use (for common soldiers use); however, it gradually became common among busho (Japanese military commanders) for their own use, and the art of the spearmanship was developed.
- そのため、浮世絵の最高の技術が使われているものは春画とも言われている。
- Therefore, it is said that the most significant technique of the ukiyoe was used for shunga.
- 禅寺の食のタブーを克服するため調理技術が発達し、出汁の概念が生まれた。
- Cooking techniques to overcome taboos on meals at Zen temples developed, and the concept of soup stock was generated.
- 『剣術系図』には猿御前・沼田法印・樋口太郎兼重の名前は記されていない。
- In 'Kenjutsu keizu,' the names of Saru no Gozen, Hoin NUMATA and Taro Kaneshige HIGUCHI are not written.
- 二には、日置弾正は大和の国より出たる人なれば、射術は日置をはなれざる心。
- Second, Kyudo should be always with Danjo HEKI who came from Yamato Province.
- それは酒類に限らず、技術革新が生活の諸方面にもたらした意識変化であった。
- Those were the changes in consciousness which technical innovations brought not only to consumption style of liquors but also various aspects of life.
- 居合道(いあいどう)とは、武術である抜刀術・居合を武道としたものである。
- Iaido is a kind of martial art that was developed from the battojutsu (technique of drawing a sword) called Iai.
- 当時培われた技術が現代の弓具制作の礎となっていると言っても過言ではない。
- Skills developed during that period became a foundation for the modern day creation of archery tools.
- 座ったままで行う正式な弓術であり、対戦式で的に当った点数で勝敗を争った。
- It was an official Kyujutsu performed while seated, trying to reach conclusions with scores in a game.
- It was done while remaining seated, and participants competed for the points gained by hitting a target.
- また剣術においても、京八流の祖として、また剣術の神として崇められている。
- He is revered as the founder of Kyohachi-ryu school of swordplay and as the deity of swordplay.
- 棒術(ぼうじゅつ)は、日本武術において長い棒を武器とする術のことである。
- The term 'Bojutsu' refers to the art of using a long stick as a weapon in Japanese martial arts.
- 後には巡査に対して必修となり、各警察署で指導のために剣術家が採用された。
- Thereafter, Kenjutsu became a compulsory subject for policemen and all police stations recruited swordsmen as instructors.
- 以上のような状況の一方に、日本の柔術にも当身技が多い流派はいくつかある。
- While the situation is as stated above, there are also some jujutsu schools in Japan that have many striking and kicking techniques.
- 春画の始まりは中国の医学書とともに伝えられた房中術の解説図だと思われる。
- It was considered that the shunga has its origin in Bocchujutsu (sexual art) that was introduced with Chinese medical books.
- 最近では茨城県の業者による技術指導の下、中華人民共和国産も出回っている。
- Under the technical instruction of manufacturers in Ibaraki Prefecture, hoshi-imo is also produced in the People's Republic of China, which is coming onto the market in Japan.
- 1988年(昭和63年)、パリのギメ東洋美術館の仏像100体を修理する。
- 1988: He repaired a hundred Buddhist statues of Guimet Musée national des Arts Asiatiques, in Paris.
- 薩摩藩の剣術家であった東郷重位の剣術へ「示現流」との流派名を与えている。
- He gave a name of the school 'Jigen-ryu' to the swordplay of Chui TOGO who was a swardsman of Satsuma Domain.
- 10歳で上京、鞍馬山での修行中、異怪の人に出会って妙術を授かったという。
- It is said that at the age of ten, he went to Kyoto, where he met a spiritual creature while doing practices in Mt. Kurama and was taught a secret magical swordplay.
- 一般家庭等で置物として飾られる工芸品としての他、美術的価値の高い品もある。
- As well as craftworks for display in ordinary households, there are also dolls which are extremely valuable artworks.
- 西洋画を教えていた工部美術学校は、これに先立ち1883年に閉鎖されている。
- By this time, the art school (Kobu Bijutsu Gakko), which taught western painting, had been closed in 1883.
- 植芝盛平は剣術の研究のために、自らの道場「皇武館」で剣道の指導を行わせた。
- Morihei UESHIBA allowed kendo training in his dojo 'Kobukan' for the study of swordplay.
- 武術をベースにしながらも、理念的には力による争いや勝ち負けを否定している。
- While being based on martial arts, in principle it denies disputes using force, or winning and losing.
- 「どう見ても一個の美術品だ」という羊羹描写に続く、有名な一節の一部である。
- The phrase is a part of well-known passage of the novel, following the description of yokan: 'No matter how you look at it, it's a work of art.'
- こうして琳派は、単なるコピーやエピゴーネンではない新たな芸術を生み出した。
- The Rinpa school thus developed a new art which is not merely imitation or epigonism.
- 和裁とは、和服裁縫の略語であり、和服を制作することやその技術のことである。
- Wasai is the abbreviation for 'Wafuku Saiho,' which means producing Wafuku and the technique for producing Wafuku.
- 古来より釜は神聖視され、盟神探湯、湯立、鳴釜神事等の釜を使った呪術がある。
- Since ancient times, kama has been sanctified and there is some sort of magic when using kama such as kukatachi, yudate, narukama shinji.
- 種子島時堯の臣である篠川小四郞はこの術を習い、百発百中するに至ったという。
- Since Koshiro SHINOKAWA, a retainer of Tokitaka TANEGASHIMA, learned this art, he had never missed the target.
- そして、その中に簡単な算術的手法では手に負えない問題が現れるようになった。
- During the trends of that time, mathematical problems, not easily be solved using the basic method of calculation, started to crop up.
- 戦場で重装備の相手に対しては、太刀よりも槍・薙刀術や棒のほうが適している。
- When fighting against heavily-armored soldiers, spears/naginata (Japanese halberd)/sticks were more suitable than swords.
- 東寺(京都)御影堂 不動明王坐像(国宝)学術調査以外に公開された記録なし。
- The Fudo Myoo seated statue at the Mikage-do hall of To-ji Temple (Kyoto): it never been unveiled to the public except for the purpose of academic research.
- 演劇、音楽、工芸技術その他の無形の文化的所産は無形文化財と定義されている。
- Intangible cultural properties are defined as the intangible cultural products or outcomes such as plays, musical pieces and craft skills.
- 酒部は部署の名称だけでなく、今日の杜氏(とうじ)にあたる醸造技術者をも指す。
- Sakabe was not only a name of a department but also an expert of brewing which corresponds to today's toji (a sake brewer).
- 犬追物(いぬおうもの)は鎌倉時代から始まったとされる日本の弓術の作法の一つ。
- Inuoumono is one of the manners of the art of Japanese archery that started from the Kamakura period.
- 受賞対象分野は、「音楽」、「美術」、「映画・演劇」、「思想・倫理」の四分野。
- The fields covered by this category include the four fields of 'Music,' 'Fine Art,' 'Film and the Dramatic Arts,' and 'Philosophy/Theory.'
- 後醍醐天皇の愛石で中国から伝来した『夢の浮橋』が徳川美術館に収蔵されている。
- Emperor Godaigo's beloved stone, which came from China and was given the name 'Yume no Ukihashi', is in the possession of the Tokugawa Art Museum.
- これらの例から、仏教美術の隆盛と共に截金は飛躍的な発展を遂げたことが窺える。
- From these examples, it is known that the kirikane technique had developed dramatically corresponding to the prosperity of Buddhist art.
- 日本独自のからくりのルーツは室町時代に入ってきた西洋技術に寄るところが多い。
- Although karakuri is unique to Japan, its origin owed much to Western techniques that were introduced into Japan in the Muromachi period.
- 「服薬」の語があるように薬草には呪術的意味があり、身におびるとよいとされた。
- It is believed that medical herbs have a magical sense and wearing them is good for health as the saying 'fukuyaku' (taking medicine).
- この方法は後に点竄術(てんざんじゅつ)とよばれ、和算の中心的な手法となった。
- This method was later called Tenzan-jutsu, and became the principal method in wasan.
- その後火葬技術が進歩したこともあり、近現代の日本では火葬が飛躍的に普及した。
- After that, along with the progress of cremation techniques, the practice of cremation became extensively widespread in modern and contemporary Japanese society,
- これにより日光彫、紅葉塗、日光春慶塗などの漆器の製造技術、産業化が確立する。
- Thanks to his efforts, lacquer ware production techniques, such as Nikko carving, Momiji-nuri (lacquer ware with maple leaf patterns) and Nikko Shunkei-nuri (Shunkei-nuri (a technique of applying transparent urushi lacquer over wood grain so the natural wood pattern shows through and was reportedly invented by a 14c lacquer master named Shunkei) ware produced in Nikko), were established and lacquer ware production was commercialized.
- ジャポニズムの第一段階は日本の美術品、特に浮世絵版画の熱狂的な収集から始まる。
- The first stage of Japonism started from the enthusiastic collection of Japanese works of art, particularly ukiyoe woodblock prints.
- ジャポニズムの広がりに伴って、林忠正のような日本人美術商もパリで開業し始めた。
- Taking advantage of the spread of Japonism, Japanese art dealers like Tadamasa HAYASHI started to do business in Paris.
- スクナヒコナは国土創造神であり実は薬作り酒造りなどの化学技術の創造神であった。
- Sukunahikona, though he was a god who created the nation, he, in fact, was also a creator of chemical technology such as sake brewing and medicine making.
- そのため少量の炭で要領よく色や味を抜く炭掛け(すみがけ)の技術が発達していた。
- Therefore, a technique of sumigake, which was taking colors and tastes with small amount of charcoal efficiently, was developed.
- 作風は精緻で端正かつ理知的、気品と風格があり、高度な技術が要求される曲が多い。
- The style is elaborate, neat, intellective, elegant, stately and often needs virtuosity.
- 菊岡の開拓した芸術は後輩にあたる光崎検校らに更に受け継がれ発展することとなる。
- The art pioneered by KIKUOKA was passed down to his junior fellow kengyo MITSUZAKI and he developed furthermore.
- (→“技の形態”、“合気と呼吸力”、“「護身術」としての有効性に関する議論”)
- (-> 'Forms of techniques,' 'Aiki and breath power,' 'Debate on its effectiveness as an 'art of self-defense'')
- かくして古流柔術はまた更に衰退しているが、一方で徐々に復興していく流派もある。
- In this way, koryu jujutsu becomes dinosaurs on the whole, but some schools gradually come back.
- 明治後期に登場し当時有名となった柔術流派として武田惣角の大東流合気柔術がある。
- Daito-ryu Aiki jujutsu, which was a jujutsu school established by Sokaku TAKEDA, appeared and became famous in the later Meiji period.
- なお、小野派一刀流や直心影流剣術など、剣道と併習する者が比較的多い流派もある。
- There are some schools, such as the Onoha Itto-ryu School and theJikishinkage-ryu Kenjutsu, at which a comparatively large number of people learn both Kenjutsu and Kendo.
- 介者剣術から平服、平時の偶発的個人の戦いを想定する素肌剣術に変わったとされる。
- It is said that kaisha-Kenjutsu changed into suhada-Kenjutsu, which was supposed to be used in an accidental fight during peace time between people wearing ordinary clothes.
- 高等学校では芸術科に音楽・美術などと並び、書道が選択科目として配置されている。
- For high school, Shodo is placed in together with music, arts, and others in the art department as an elective.
- 実のところ、美術史学上、覚猷をこれらの絵画の作者とする確証はないとされている。
- From the viewpoint of art history, however, there is no established evidence that proves the fact that Kakuyu was the painter of these paintings.
- 抜刀術、居合道では入門直後の初心者は木刀で稽古し慣れたら直ちに模擬刀で稽古する。
- In batto-jutsu and iaido (both of which concern the art of drawing and handling nihonto), the beginners who have recently started studying practice with bokuto switch to mogito (imitation swords) once they become familiar with the forms.
- 小太刀術の成立は脇差が用いられていた時代のため、具体的には脇差を用いる術である。
- Kodachijutsu was established in the times when wakizashi was used and therefore, specifically it is an art using a wakizashi.
- 手裏剣術では、片手に刀を持っていることを前提にして逆の手で手裏剣を打つ技もある。
- In the shuriken (a small throwing blade) art, they have a technique to keep a sword in one hand and throw shuriken with the other hand.
- 濁りを漉しとるだけならば、布、炭、砂などで濾過する原始的技術があったからである。
- It is because there was a primitive filtering technique with cloth, carbon, sand and so on, if only for filtering turbidity.
- 直心影流剣術でも「袋韜」という武道具を用いるが、これは一般的な袋竹刀とは異なる。
- The Jikishinkage-ryu school of swordsmanship also uses a martial arts tool called a 'fukuro shinai' (袋韜), however, its appearance differs from that of ordinary fukuro shinai.
- 戦時中は軍部からの要請で陸軍中野学校や海軍大学校などで盛平が武術指導を行なった。
- During the war, Morihei taught martial arts at Rikugun Nakano Gakko (Military Army Nakano School), Naval War College, etc., upon request by the military.
- 大陸では狩りには欠かせない技術であるため、騎馬民族にこれを得意とするものが多い。
- As this technique was necessary to hunt and live, many horse-based societies were good at doing kisha on the continent.
- 平安京の一条通堀川通に住んだ陰陽師で、六韜(りくとう)兵法という呪術兵法の大家。
- He was an onmyoji (master of Yin yang) who resided at Ichijo-dori Horikawa-dori in Heian-kyo (Kyoto), and was an authority on the magical art of warfare called Rikuto-heiho.
- 大半の流派で小脇差や鉄扇や十手等を使った当身技や、その他隠し武器術を伝えている。
- Atcually, most schools of jujutsu have handed down various techniques, such as the atemi-waza which uses a very short sword, an iron fan, or a short truncheon with hook, and the techniques handling secret or disguised weapons.
- その内容は1908年に便利堂書店から『大日本武德會制定柔術形』として出版される。
- In 1908, the kata was publicized by Benrido Bookstore in the book titled 'The Jujutsu Kata Established by Greater Japan Martial Virtue Society.'
- 太平洋戦争での敗戦後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により武道(武術)が禁止された。
- After Japan was defeated in the Pacific War, Budo (Bujutsu) was banned by General Headquarters (GHQ).
- どういう人達に需要があり、なぜ高い技術が要求されたか、今後の研究課題ともいえる。
- It may be a future research issue that by what kind of people it was wanted or why the high technique was required.
- 今後は日本において截金の技術をどのように継承発展させていくかが大きな課題である。
- Hereafter, how to inherit and develop the kirikane technique in Japan is a big problem.
- また都市の芸術音楽から流行歌、やがて地方の民謡にまで盛んに使われるようになった。
- It came to be used for a wide range of music, such as art music and popular songs in the cities, and later also for Minyo (a traditional folk song) in the countryside.
- その後印刷技術の発達と町人文化の興隆を背景に、江戸時代に戯画や浮世絵が生まれた。
- Then, caricatures and ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) grew out in the Edo period against the backdrop of the development of printing techniques and the flowering of townsmen culture.
- 大元帥法(だいげんすいほう/だいげんのほう)は、密教における大法(呪術)の1つ。
- Daigen Suiho is one of the magic rituals of esoteric Buddhism.
- 並びに考古資料及びその他の学術上価値の高い歴史資料(以下「有形文化財」という。)
- Highly valued archaeological resources or historical resources (hereinafter referred to as 'tangible cultural properties')
- 今日の弓道に繋がる弓術は技術、道具共に江戸時代に大成したと言っても過言ではない。
- It's not an exaggeration to say that Kyujutsu, that led to today's Kyudo, was completed in the Edo Period both for technique and equipment.
- また、剣術が竹刀による稽古中心となった影響で、刀の形状も極めて反りが浅くなった。
- And since swordsmanship was practiced with bamboo swords, Katana came to have a shape with a shallow curve.
- また居合術併伝ではない流派などで鍛錬用木刀で日本刀も取り扱いできるように稽古する。
- And training bokuto are used to practice how to handle nihonto in schools that do not give additional instruction in iai-jutsu (sword-drawing techniques).
- 日本で二刀流を重視する剣術流派としては、宮本武蔵が開いた二天一流が最も有名である。
- Niten Ichi-ryu, the school established by Musashi MIYAMOTO, is the most famous among the Japanese sword art schools that emphasize two-sword fencing in Japan.
- 一般的には淡色で赤い色調のものが良いとされ、製造/管理的に高度な技術が必要である。
- Generally, the soy-sauce in light reddish color is considered good, and high technology from the manufactural side and managerial side is required to produce such soy-sauce.
- 16世紀(1500年代)半ばには蒸留の技術が九州に伝えられ、焼酎が造られはじめた。
- In the middle of the 16th century (1500s), a distillation technology was introduced to Kyushu region and shochu began to be produced.
- よって、「柔術」というと江戸時代以前から伝わる伝統的な柔術を指す場合が多くなった。
- Therefore, 'jujutsu' has come to mean, in many cases, 'koryu jujutsu' (the old-style jujutsu) handed down from before the Edo period.
- 通し矢のことで、古くは吉凶を占う行為(諸説存在)であり、武芸としては弓術とされる。
- It means toshiya and a kind of Kyujutsu as a martial art, performed to tell someone's fortunein ancient times (upon which there are various theories).
- 啖呵売(たんかばい)もこれに含まれ、啖呵口上や一種の手品や奇術を使い客寄せをする。
- The attracting of customers through the use of certain magic tricks or a style of banter known as tanka (literally 'caustic words'); also includes tankabai (selling by tanka).
- そのためか群馬県の柔術尚武館は当身技を主としていたことから「空手」に名称を変えた。
- Perhaps this misunderstanding might have 'Jujutsu Shobu-kan' (The jujutsu hall respecting the martial spirit) in Gunma Prefecture, which centered the practices on 'atemi-waza' (body-striking techniques), change its name into 'Karate Shobu-kan.'
- 飛鳥時代以来の仏師を中心とした技術者たちは、仏工(ぶっこう)として造仏所に属した。
- Engineers, most of them were busshi since the Asuka period belonged to zobutsusho as 'bukko' (sculptors of Buddhist statues and altar fittings).
- 唐菓子(とうがし)は、奈良時代に唐(中国)から伝来した一連の菓子とその技術を言う。
- Togashi refers to a series of cakes and the technique used to make them that were introduced from Tang (China) in the Nara period.
- からくり人形と現代のロボットに技術的な繋がりは無いが、文化的な繋がりは少なくない。
- Between the Edo karakuri ningyo and the present robot, there exists no technical link, but not a few cultural links do exist.
- 絵画は日本では良質な芸術表現として好まれ、プロもアマも同じように制作を行っている。
- Paintings, excellent artistic expressions, are preferred in Japan; painters create works whether they are professional or amateur.
- 「九章算術」では面積の計算法、比例、反比例、ピタゴラスの定理などが紹介されている。
- In 'Kyusho Sanjutsu,' the topics including the methods of calculating dimensions, proportion, inverse proportion, and the Pythagorean theorem are explained.
- 美術品としての価値が高く、当時愛玩された紙扇の絵の様式を伝える唯一の遺品でもある。
- It is a highly valued object of art as well as being the only existing example of the painting style of paper fans which were much cherished at the time.
- これ以外に、小太刀術の技法を応用した護身術・スポーツとしてスポーツチャンバラがある。
- Besides, self-defense arts or sports using techniques of kodachijutu include Sports Chanbara.
- - 19世紀末、浮世絵・琳派などの日本美術が印象派やアール・ヌーボーに影響を与えた。
- At the end of the 19th century, Japanese arts such as Ukiyoe and Rinpa school influenced impressionists and art nouveau.
- 確かに当初の技芸員は、日本美術協会の重鎮が年功序列で任命を受けるという傾向にあった。
- At first, there was a tendency to appoint authorities of Japan Art Association as Gigeiin in order of seniority.
- また「浄益社」を設立、海外への日本美術の紹介を行うなどするが、様々な事情により失脚。
- He also established 'Joeki-sha' to introduce the Japanese arts to foreign countries but was ousted due to the various circumstances.
- 和弓(わきゅう)とは、日本の弓道・弓術及びそこで使用される長弓の弓 (武器)のこと。
- Wakyu is the Chokyu (long bow) (weapon) used in Japanese Kyudo (Japanese art of archery).
- 手近な投擲物で代用できるその技術は、現代においても護身の目的で使用し得るものである。
- Since it is a technique where an object at hand can be substituted for toteki (throwing), it can be used today for self-defense.
- 古くから棒術は宗教とかかわりがあり、祭礼で棒術に相当するものが古くから行われている。
- From old times, Bojutsu has been related to religion, and a kind of Bojutsu has been performed in rites and festivals.
- 現在でも祭礼で棒術が棒の手や棒術、棒踊り、獅子舞などと呼ばれ演じられる例が多くある。
- Even now, Bojutsu is often performed in rituals and festivals by the names of Bo no te (Japanese traditional dance), Bojutsu, bo-odori (bar dance) and shishimai (lion dance).
- 諸井誠作曲 「S. M.のための“シンフォニア”」 (宮下伸の演奏により芸術祭大賞)
- Symphonia for S.M.' composed by Makoto MOROI (won the Arts Festival Grand Prize played by Shin MIYASHITA)
- 騎射三物(きしゃみつもの)とは馬上の弓術、犬追物・笠懸・流鏑馬を総称して言ったもの。
- Kishamitsumono' is a general term that refers to forms of traditional Japanese horseback archery:'Inu oumono' (dog hunt), 'Yabusame' (shooting at fixed targets), and 'Kasagake' (shooting at suspended targets at closer range).
- 戦国時代 (日本)の剣術(兵法)は、戦場での総合的な戦闘技術を包括したものであった。
- Kenjutsu (art of warfare) in the Sengoku period (Japan) integrated various combat skills on the battlefields.
- 地域に伝わった鉄炮衆などの由来に基づき地域の特色ある武術の再現として研究されたもの。
- One which was studied for the purpose of re-enacting martial art characteristics of a region, based on the origin of the unit of gun fighters and so on.
- 東京の落語家は、概ね落語協会や落語芸術協会といった所属団体によって色分けされている。
- Storytellers in Tokyo largely fall into two organizations, the Rakugo Kyokai Association or the Rakugo Art Association.
- そのように、調理技術は未発達で、貴族達は食べる料理に自ら塩や酢などで調味をしていた。
- In this way, cooking methods did not develop well and nobles seasoned their dishes with salt and/or vinegar by themselves.
- 2006年(平成18年)6月18日、京都市上京区に松本明慶佛像彫刻美術館が開館する。
- June 18, 2006: He established the Matsumoto Myokei Buddhist Statue Carvings Museum in Kamigyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.
- だが、個人による騎射戦術が廃れた室町時代・安土桃山時代と、時を経るに従い一時廃れた。
- However, yabusame began to lose importance during the Muromachi and Azuchi-Momoyama periods and became unpopular for a while.
- 平安時代には弓術流派が興り、各種流派にはそれぞれに独自の技術・教え・作法が存在した。
- In the Heian Period some schools of Kyujutsu were founded and each school had their own technique, lesson style, and mannerisms.
- ありとあらゆる分野が日本の影響を受けたが、版画の技術だけは驚くほど影響を受けなかった。
- Every artistic field was influenced by Japan with the surprising exception of printing which remained unaffected.
- 明治時代以後、ヨーロッパの建築様式・技術が伝えられ、日本の建築も大きく変わっていった。
- After the Meiji period, an architectural style and technique imported from Europe changed Japanese architecture drastically.
- 500年頃の中国の『斉民要術』には、現代の日本の醤油に似た醤の製造法が記述されている。
- 'Qi Min Yao Shu' (the ancient Chinese agricultural texts) in China around 500 stated the manufacturing method of hishio similar to Japanese soy-sauce today.
- 高品質の醤油を製造するためには高い醸造技術・醸造管理・衛生管理・保存管理が必要となる。
- High brewing technology, brewing control, hygiene control, and maintenance management are required to produce high-quality soy-sauce.
- 日本の、芸術系学科以外の高等学校までの美術 (教科)では日本画を教えることはまずない。
- Nihon-ga is rarely taught in the ordinary art classes up to high school level, apart from in specialized art schools.
- 上質なほうじ茶は、甘く独特の心地良い香りを持ち、その焙煎には高度な技術が必要とされる。
- High quality hojicha has a unique sweet and soothing aroma, and leaf roasting requires considerable skill.
- 江戸小紋の技法に「型友禅」の技術を応用して、独特の趣向を打ち出したものが京小紋である。
- A technique of Edo-komon (fine patterns used in Edo) applied with the technique of 'kata-yuzen' to project a unique taste is Kyo-komon (fine patterns used in Kyoto).
- - 奇術・手品・曲芸・軽業・祈祷・占いなどを大道芸として行いながら,旅回りをしていた。
- Street performers who traveled around performing juggleries, magic shows, acrobatics, prayers, and fortune telling.
- また継承者が「危険な古流の技術はもう必要ない世の中になった」とし指導を辞める例もある。
- And some successors stop teaching the koryu jujutsu, saying the world does not need its dangerous techniques any more.
- 合気道は大東流合気柔術・起倒流・柳生心眼流 ・新陰流などを修めた植芝盛平が始祖である。
- Aikido was established by Morihei UESHIBA, who mastered Daito-ryu Aiki jujutsu (Daito school of the self-defense martial art), and other jujutsu schools such as Kito-ryu, Yagyu Shingan-ryu, Shinkage-ryu.
- 様々な流儀で交流が行われ、槍術や剣術、柔術などで試合方法や試合道具が共通化していった。
- Various exchanges were made between different schools or styles, and the manners of a match or the tools for a match were being made common in sojutsu, kenjutsu, jujutsu, and so on.
- また、近代に創始された拳法を名乗る流派では和道流和道流柔術拳法や神道天心流などがある。
- There are are also schools established in modern times that call themselves kenpo such as Wadoryu Jujutsu Kenpo, Shinto Tenshin Ryu, etc.
- その額は、二楽荘の建築、地所、美術品一切を含んで16万円とも21万円ともいわれている。
- It is said that the price was 160,000 yen or 210,000 yen including all the buildings, lands and art objects.
- また、日本料理の基本的調理技術に欠けるので、料理の質の低下を招き、衛生上の懸念もある。
- Moreover, the deficiency of the basic cooking technique peculiar to the Japanese foods not only brings the deterioration in the quality of foods, but also raises concerns over food safety.
- 禅宗の僧が食べていた精進料理が本格的に流入し、がんもどきなどの食品加工技術が伝わった。
- Shojin ryori dishes (vegetarian dishes) eaten by Zen priests came to be eaten by the general public, and food-processing techniques, such as, producing ganmodoki (deep-fried tofu mixed with thinly sliced vegetables), were brought to Japan.
- 仁和寺(京都)霊明殿本尊 薬師如来坐像(国宝)1986年の学術調査で初めて開扉された。
- The Yakushi Nyorai seated statue (national treasure), the principal image of the Reimei-den hall of Ninna-ji Temple (Kyoto) was unveiled to the public in 1986 for the first time for the purpose of academic research.
- 2005年3月現在、その数は日本いけばな芸術協会に登録されているだけで392流派ある。
- As of March 2005, the 392 schools are registered in the Nihon Ikebana Geijutsu Kyokai (Japan Ikebana Association).
- 1870年代と1880年代、多くのフランスのコレクターや作家、芸術評論家が日本に渡った。
- A large number of collectors, writers, and art critics from France went to Japan during the 1870s and 1880s.
- 特に各種の専門的な学問・教養・技術などを社会のなかで実際に役立ててゆくための才能や手腕。
- In particular, the ability and competence to make actual use of various types of specialist knowledge, education, and skills in society.
- 袋竹刀(ふくろしない)は、竹刀が考案される以前に剣術の稽古に用いられていた武道具の一種。
- Fukuro shinai (written as 袋竹刀) is a tool used in martial arts that had been used in swordsmanship training before the bamboo sword was devised.
- またその他にも、“合気系武道(・武術)”全般を漠然と指し示す普通名詞としての一面がある。
- Additionally, it's used as a common noun that vaguely refers to 'aiki martial arts' in general.
- これは弓術のみならず馬術も兼ね備えていなければ嗜む(たしなむ)ことが出来ないからである。
- This is because samurai could not accomplish Kyujutsu without mastering equestrian art.
- また、合気道の合気と大東流など他武術の合気が同一か異なるものかについても意見が分かれる。
- Additionally, opinions are divided over whether the 'aiki' of Aikido and the 'aiki' of other martial arts such as Daito school are the same or different.
- ただし実際には武器術を指導する師範の割合は多くなく、体術のみを指導する稽古が大半である。
- However, in reality the percentage of grandmasters instructing in the art of weaponry isn't high, so most training includes instruction in taijutsu only.
- 「合気」は日本古来の武術用語であり、元々は力や構えなどが拮抗した状態を差す言葉であった。
- Aiki' is a martial-arts term from ancient Japan, originally referring to the state in which force and kamae (posture) are competing.
- この武家相撲は後に廃れ、相撲伝書や江戸時代初期の関口流柔術の伝書などに伺えるのみである。
- This samurai sumo had later gone out of date, and only a trace of it can be found in the Sumo Densho (a manual on sumo wrestling), the densho (books on the esoterica) of Sekiguchi-ryu jujutsu written in the early period of the Edo period, and so on.
- 大正8年1月29日、西久保は大日本武徳会の副会長と武術専門学校長になり、名称変更を主張。
- On January 29, 1919, Nishikubo assumed the posts of vice-president of Dai Nippon Butoku Kai and the principal of Bujutsu Senmon Gakko, and insisted on changing the name.
- 棒術はその特性上、身分、階層を問わず広く修練されており、日本各地に多くの流派が存在した。
- Bojutsu has been practiced widely without regard for status and class because of its character, and a lot of schools have appeared in various places of Japan.
- 初代宮下秀冽作曲 「三十絃のための独奏曲」(宮下伸の演奏により芸術祭 (文化庁)優秀賞)
- Solo for 30-string Koto' composed by Shuretsu MIYASHITA the first (won Arts Festival [the Agency for Cultural Affairs] Excellence Award played by Shin MIYASHITA)
- そのため技術的な難易度が高いが、格式としては流鏑馬より略式となり、余興的意味合いが強い。
- Because Kasagake targets are more diverse, Kasagake is more difficult; however, it is less formalized than Yabusame and more entertaining.
- 飛天は仏教美術にしばしば登場する「空を飛ぶ人物」で、特に女性形の者は天女と同一視される。
- Hiten are 'people who fly in the sky' who often appear in Buddhist art, and those with a female form are often identified as tennyo.
- また、大工のための作図技術である規矩術は幕末期より和算の応用によって理論的に整備された。
- Wasan was also applied to kiku-jutsu, which is a drafting technique for carpenters, in order to re-organize its theoretical aspects during the end of Edo period.
- しかし人工孵化と孵化直後養殖技術はいまだ莫大な費用がかかり成功率も低いため研究中である。
- However, artificial incubation and aqua farming technologies immediately after hatching are still extremely costly and the success rate is low, and they are still being researched.
- 当時発達しつつあった写真技術と印刷技術により、日本の様子が西洋に広く知られるようになった。
- Conditions in Japan became widely known in Western countries as a result of the photographic and printing technology that was being developed at that time.
- この背景には、豊富な木材と、湿度の高い気候、木の性質をよく知った技術者の存在などがあった。
- The backgrounds of such housings were abundant woods, a humid climate, and the existence of engineers acquainted with the nature of wood.
- イギリスへの日本美術の伝達にはジェームズ・マクニール・ホイッスラーが重要な役割を果たした。
- James McNeill Whistler played an important role in the transmission of Japanese art to Britain.
- 日本において、能楽などの伝統芸能や武術 (日本)などで家元の言いかえとして用いられる称号。
- In Japan, Iemoto (the founder or current head master) of traditional arts, such as Noh, or martial arts, are also called Soke.
- 携行、殺傷力、投擲音のなさなど車剣の欠点を克服しているが、より高度な投擲技術が必要である。
- It overcomes the weaknesses of kurumaken such as regarding portability, the power to kill and wound, and the sound when thrown, but requires a more advanced toteki skill.
- 逆に、講道館は寝技で不遷流柔術などに何度も負けたため寝技を研究することとなったこともある。
- And occasionally, people on the side of Kodokan judo learned newaza (ground grappling techniques), because Kodokan judo was defeated by Fusen-ryu jujutsu (Fusen school of jujutsu) and others several times with newaza.
- 空手と諸流の柔術や合気道、剣術等を学んだ小西康裕が創始した空手流派として神道自然流がある。
- Yasuhiro KONISHI, who learned the swordplay and various martial arts (such as karate, some schools of jujutsu, and aikido), established Shinto Jinen-ryu as his own karate school.
- 直接柔術と関連がないが、柔道で廃れていった当身技の稽古のために生まれたのが日本拳法である。
- Though not directly related to jujutsu, Nippon Kempo was established for the training of body-striking techniques, which went out of use in judo.
- 出来上がった生地は染色技術の発達により二次加工され、いままでにない友禅文様が可能になった。
- The finished silk textile was further processed by the developed Yuzen dyeing technique, which could create new patterns.
- 後に西南戦争等の影響により、警視庁に剣術、柔術等の武術が採用され、絶滅の危機は脱せられた。
- Later, under the influence from the Seinan War, etc., bujutsu such as kenjutsu and jujutsu were adopted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police, and avoided an extinction crisis.
- 手打ち蕎麦を製麺する専門的な技術を習得した者を蕎麦職人(そばしょくにん)と呼ぶことがある。
- Persons who have mastered professional skills to make soba by hand are sometimes referred to as soba chefs.
- 期間中は百数十箇所の商店や美術館、博物館にお雛様が展示され、ピンクののぼり旗が目印となる。
- Over the festival period, hina dolls are displayed in a hundred and several tens of shops, and in galleries and museums, and pink, vertically long banners serve as a landmark.
- 11代一閑は10代の意思を引き継ぎ、またその技術は「名人」とまで言われ、中興の人とされる。
- The 11th Ikkan took over the 10th Ikkan's intention, and achieved mastery of the craft and his skills was called 'master' and said to be the reviver.
- 科学技術関係では平賀源内のエレキテル、初期の天体望遠鏡、天球儀、モールス電信機などがある。
- For historical resources related to science and technology, there are the electrical works of Gennai HIRAGA, an early astronomical telescope, a celestial globe, a Morse telegraphic instrument, etc.
- 戦場、祭礼行事、朝廷での故実・年中行事などに於いて弓術流派はそれぞれに活躍、発展していく。
- In the battlefields, festival events and Kojitsu (ancient practices of customs) or annual events at the Imperial Court, each school of Kyujutsu had flourished and developed.
- 打刀の長さより短い刀を用いるので、剣術を意味する「太刀」に小をつけたことに由来する語である。
- Since it uses a sword shorter than a uchigatana (a type of long sword), the name was coined by adding 'ko' (short) to 'tachi' (a sword or swordplay).
- これらの技術は歴史的に数多くの流派を生み出してきたが、現在までに廃絶した流派も存在している。
- Historically, these techniques produced many schools, but there are schools that are extinct today.
- 事実、大東流合気柔術には多彩な会派があり、合気道がその中の一会派だという見解も成り立ちうる。
- In fact, Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu has various factions, and it's possible to view Aikido as one such faction.
- 技術的には、合気道を大東流合気柔術の一会派とみなして、大東流合気柔術植芝伝と呼ぶ向きもある。
- Technically, some refer to Aikido as Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu, or the Ueshiba method, viewing it as one faction of Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu.
- また木版技術の向上が大量の団扇絵生産を可能にし、一般大衆の手にその美がゆき届くようになった。
- In addition, advancement of the wood-block printing technology enabled mass production of fan painting, with the result that even ordinary people could enjoy the beauty.
- 丹塗りとは赤宗教・民俗などに関する赤のことであるが呪術的な意味を持っていたことが指摘される。
- The word Ninuri means the red color related to red religion (赤宗教) and folk culture, and it is pointed out to have had a magical meaning.
- 日本の手裏剣術の場合、「直打法」が最も基本的な打剣方法だが、世界的にみれば特異な技術である。
- Among Japanese shuriken techniques, the 'chokudaho' is the most basic way of daken, but it is a unique technique from an international standpoint.
- 明治後期になり、講道館柔道が全国に広まるにつれ、試合を講道館のルールで行う柔術道場が増えた。
- In the later Meiji period, as Kodokan judo spread nationwide, jujutsu practice halls which held their matches in the rules of Kodokan judo also increased.
- 近年のCQCを重視する各国の軍用格闘技に柔術の技が採り入れられていることもある(サンボ等)。
- In some countries where close quarters combat (CQC) has been stressed on recently, the techniques of jujutsu are introduced into their own military combat sports, such as Sambo.
- 明治維新の後幕藩体制が崩壊、幕府、薩摩藩という庇護者を失った犬追物は技術保持が困難となった。
- After the Meiji Restoration and the demise of the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate, Inuoumono lost its patrons such as the bakufu and the Satsuma clan and become difficult to maintain its techniques.
- 現在4尺前後の棒を使う武術は『杖術』、さらに短い場合は『半棒術』として分けられる場合がある。
- Presently, the martial arts which use a staff of about 120 cm is called 'Jojutsu' and those which use shorter sticks are called 'hanbojutsu' (half-Bojutsu).
- 剣術において、戦場ではなく日常での使用が前提とされたものが主流になるのはこの時期からである。
- Since that time, Kenjutsu which was supposed to be used in daily lives, instead of on battlefields, became the mainstream.
- また、柔術の流派の多くで棒術を含んでいたり、または他流の棒術を併伝している例が多くみられる。
- In addition, many schools of jujutsu (classical Japanese martial art, usually referring to fighting without a weapon) have their own Bojutsu or use Bojutsu from other schools.
- 講道館創始者嘉納治五郎も修行時代に柳生心眼流の棒術やその他の棒を学び、その効用を認めている。
- Jigoro KANO, the founder of the Kodokan Judo Institute, learned Bojutsu from the Yagyushingan school and other Bojutsu during his training period, and admitted its utility.
- 拳法(けんぽう、やわら)とは、現代では、打つ、突く、蹴るなどの当身による徒手武術を意味する。
- Presently, kenpo and yawara mean martial arts with bare hands using striking and kicking techniques..
- 「保持団体認定」の例としては、輪島塗技術保存会、本場結城紬保存会、本美濃紙保存会などがある。
- The examples of 'holder group recognition' include Wajimanuri Gjutsu Hozonkai (Wajima-nuri Technique Preservation Society), 'Honba Yukitsumugi Hozonkai' (Preservation Association for Yuki silk fabric) and Hon Minogami Hozonkai (Hon Mino Paper Preservation Society).
- 場合によっては、祭礼で演じられるが、伝承形態は武術そのものとして伝わっている例も散見される。
- Some of them have succeeded as a martial art, although they are sometimes performed in rituals and festivals.
- 同家中の丸田盛次(丸田九左衛門)に師事して霞流砲術の奥義を極め、関流を称することを許される。
- Seki studied under Moritsugu MARUTA (Kyuzaemon MARUTA)serving for the same family and after mastering the secrets of arts of gunnery of Kasumi school, he was permitted to call his school Seki.
- 書道(しょどう)または書(しょ)とは、書くことで文字の美を表そうとする東洋の造形芸術である。
- Shodo or Sho is a creative eastern art that expresses the beauty of characters by writing.
- 日本における最初の複雑な美術は仏教と密接に関連付けられたもので、7世紀、8世紀頃に生まれた。
- The first complicated art that was closely associated with Buddhism in Japan was born around from the seventh to eighth centuries.
- 剣術流派によっては、相打ちを極意とするところもあり、こうした傾向は江戸時代後期では特に強い。
- Some swordplay schools regard aiuchi as their innermost secret, and such tendency was strong especially in the latter of the Edo period.
- 幕末・明治初めの技術官僚小野友五郎も和算家であり、咸臨丸の航路の計算には和算を用いたという。
- Tomogoro ONO, a technician and a bureaucrat from the end of Edo period to the beginning of the Meiji period, was also a wasan mathematician, and it is said that he applied wasan for calculating the shipping route of Kanrin Maru (the first Japanese ship ever to cross the Pacific).
- 記録紙には、組香名、香銘、回答、成績、日付等が書き込まれ、その体裁は、ひとつの芸術品である。
- The paper contains descriptions of Kumiko by name, Ko-mei (names of Koboku and Takimono (incense)), answer, achievement, date, etc., and its appearance is a kind of art.
- また材料も厳選されたものを素材に応じてあくぬきなどをしながら、味をひきだす技術が要求される。
- Also the techniques of bringing out the flavor is required by selecting ingredient carefully, cooking properly suited for each ingredient such as skimming the scum.
- 美術工芸品-10,283件(うち国宝861件)(2007年(平成19年)6月8日指定分まで)
- Art works and crafts - 10,283 cases (among which 861 cases are national treasures) (designated up to June 8, 2007)
- しかし、ここでは歌舞伎や能、神楽などの舞台芸術に付随する音楽的要素としての「囃子」を含まない。
- However, elements of musical performances associated with Kabuki, Noh and Shinto are not included within this classification.
- さらに醪を酒袋に吊るして搾ったり、上澄みを採ったりという技術は、今日のものと同じといってよい。
- Moreover, it can be said that those techniques of juicing moromi (raw unrefined sake) by hanging in filtering cloths and skimming supernatant were the same as those of present.
- 彼の芸術性を高く評価した越前国の代官、蒔田雁門がパトロンとなり、作曲や譜本の出版も後押しした。
- The daikan (local governor) in Echizen province, Ganmon MAKITA, who highly appreciated his artistic quality, patronized him and supported his composition and the publication of books of traditional Japanese music.
- 柔術(じゅうじゅつ)は、日本古来の徒手あるいは短い武器による攻防の技法を中心とした武術である。
- Jujutsu is the name for traditional Japanese martial arts, which are centered on offense and defense techniques with no (or a small) weapon.
- またそれは日本でも同じであるが、江戸時代には弓術や弓道、祭礼や文化になり消え去る事はなかった。
- In addition, this was also true in Japan, but Yumiya developed into Japanese archery, Kyudo (Japanese archery), used in rites and festivals and culture during the Edo period so, it did not disappear.
- 柔道や空手道等の現代武道だけでなく、各種スポーツ競技の普及により古流柔術は省みられなくなった。
- Few people take notice of koryu jujutsu, because various other sports' competitions become popular, including the modern martial arts, such as judo and karate (the traditional Japanese martial art mainly used for self-defense, whose basic techniques are 'uchi' [arm strikes], 'tsuki' [thrusts] and 'keri' [kicks]).
- 丑の刻参りも古くは神域の結界を破り、妖怪を呼び出し使役し、恨む相手に禍をもたらす呪術であった。
- Ushino koku mairi (paying a visit to a shrine at two o'clock in the morning to put a curse on someone) was an ancient magical ritual to break through the boundary that marks the sacred realm, to call upon a yokai and to use it in order to bring about misfortune upon someone against whom one has a grudge.
- 京都賞(きょうとしょう)とは、科学や技術、文化において著しい貢献をした人々に与えられる国際賞。
- The Kyoto Prize is the international award given to the people who made great contribution to science, technology and culture.
- 3月28日、廃刀令が公布され帯刀が禁止されるとともに、剣術は前時代のものという風潮が強まった。
- Wearing swords was banned by Haitorei (decree banning the wearing of swords) proclaimed on March 28, 1876, and the general atmosphere regarding Kenjutsu as out-dated became common.
- 武士の道は弓馬の道とされ弓術、馬術が武士の必須の武芸であり、合戦での戦闘のための技芸であった。
- The way of samurai (warriors) was considered the way of kyuba (archery and equestrianism), and therefore, kyujutsu and bajutsu (Japanese horse-back technique) were the compulsory bugei (military arts) and the practical art for fighting in the battles.
- そこから新当流・念流・陰流という今日現存する日本の剣術の源流とされる3流派が生じたと云われる。
- It is said that the Shinto-ryu School, Nen-ryu School and Kage-ryu School, the three schools of Kenjutsu in existence at present, originated from Kanto-Shichiryu.
- それらの中には砲術流派を名乗るものも多いが、それらは藩政時代の伝書からの再興によるものである。
- Many of them claimed to be certain schools of gunnery; they were restored based on the books of secrets written in the period of domain duties.
- この流の銃は独自の仕様により、近江国の国友丹波ならびにこの技術を受け継いだ鉄砲鍛冶に特注した。
- As the gun used by this school has unique specifications, special orders were placed with Kunitomo Tanba and the gun smiths who learned the techniques.
- 1988年には三重県の水産技術センターと北里大学において別個に稚エビまでの飼育に成功している。
- In 1988 both the Fisheries Technology Center in Mie Prefecture and Kitasato University succeeded in cultivating Ise ebi until they reached the fry shrimp phase.
- しかしながら当時はこのような大木を船に乗せる技術がなく、商人たちは輸送を躊躇する状況であった。
- However,in those days they did not have the art of loading such huge timbers onto a ship and merchants were hesitant about the transportation.
- ジャポニズムの流行った当時、欧米のアーティストは日本美術の不規則性と非対称性に大変関心を寄せた。
- At that time when Japonism enjoyed popularity, artists in Western countries had a great interest in the irregularity and asymmetry of Japan art.
- 保存技術の発達により、日本のどこでも新鮮な海産物が手に入る(日本は魚介類の消費が世界一である)。
- Thanks to development of preserving technique, fresh seafood is available in any place in Japan (Japan is the No. 1 consumer of fish and shellfish in the world).
- 明治以降は武術も全国組織化する事が多くなり、流派の師範が全国の門弟たちを統率できるようになった。
- In and after the Meiji period, many martial arts were organized nationwide, and masters of schools started to directly govern their disciples distributed nationwide.
- 戦国時代が終わってこれらの技術が発展し、禅の思想や中国の思想や医学などの影響も受けるようになる。
- After the Sengoku period (the Warring States period), the above-mentioned techniques developed, and they began to be influenced by the philosophy of 'Zen' (a sect of Buddhism, which emphasizes focusing one's mind), and by the Chinese philosophy and medical science.
- 飛鳥時代においては、仏像制作技術を持った血縁集団が存在しており、その長たる者を仏師と称していた。
- In the Asuka period, there were kin groups which had the skills of sculpting Buddhist statues, and the head of the family was called busshi.
- 当時としてはむしろ、一般に普及した剣道を、「剣術(剣道)の一流派」と認識していたのかもしれない。
- It seems that Kendo, which was popular among ordinary people, was regarded as 'one of the schools of Kenjutsu (Kendo)' at that time.
- 戦国時代も後期になるにつれ、一種の専門職としての剣術者が認識され、各地を渡り歩くようにもなった。
- Expert swordsmen were recognized as professional personnel in the late Sengoku period, and they began to wander from place to place.
- 鰹節や昆布で出汁をとる技術が高度に発達し、砂糖の普及により、甘い和菓子が食べられるようになった。
- The technique to generate soup stock based upon dried bonito or konbu (a kind of kelp) progressed, and as sugar became used widely, sweet Japanese confectionery became available.
- 大正時代、美術史家の瀧精一はこれを金光明経に説かれる四方四仏を表したものであるとする説を唱えた。
- In the Taisho period (1912 to 1926), an art historian, Seiichi TAKI, expressed the opinion that the murals depicted Shiho Shibutsu (Four Buddhas of the four directions) in Konkomyo-kyo Sutra (Golden Light Sutra).
- この間、1935年(昭和10年)には京都の美術書出版社である便利堂が壁画の原寸大写真を撮影した。
- Meanwhile it was known that Benrido, an Art book publisher in Kyoto, had taken full-scale (exact sized) photographs of the murals in 1935.
- 互いに技術を磨きながら権力者と連携して勢力を争い、一族・門人によって流派が形成される程であった。
- In collaboration with a person in authority, they fought each other to gain influence, and in doing so they improved their skills in so many ways that their family members and/or disciples formed new schools.
- その背景には、江戸期における織物技術の発達、将軍家をはじめとする為政者の潤沢な資金の流入がある。
- The underlying background is the development of fabric technology in the Edo Period, and the inflow of abundant capital from statesmen including the shogun's families.
- 時代と共に技術、道具共に研鑽が重ねられ、また同時に諸流派それぞれに独自、或は相互に発展を遂げた。
- Over time, its technique and equipment had been improved and each school developed individually at the same time.
- 古来から武器としての役割と同時に美しい姿が象徴的な意味を持ち、美術品としても評価の高い物が多い。
- Its beautiful shape has symbolic meaning as well as its use as a weapon since ancient times, and many are highly appraised as art objects.
- その物語はオランダ人の少女が芸術家のボーイフレンドが熱中している浮世絵に嫉妬するというものだった。
- The story revolves around the jealousy that a Dutch girl feels for an ukiyoe with which her boyfriend has become infatuated.
- 明治時代に大日本帝国陸軍において、日本の伝統的な槍術を元に日本式の銃剣術(現 銃剣道)を制定した。
- In the Meiji era, the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) established jukenjutsu, a Japanese style martial art using the bayonet (currently called jukendo) based on the Japanese traditional art of spearmanship,
- 中川家は錺師(かざりし)とも言われ、金工の精巧な茶道具を得意とし、優れた金工の技術を継承してきた。
- Also referred to as kazarishi (the fine metal fabrication crafts worker) specialized in sophisticated metal tea utensils, the Nakagawa family has been passing their superb art in metal fabrication down for generations.
- 現在も新陰流、鹿島新当流、馬庭念流、小野派一刀流、寺見流など多くの剣術流派の稽古に用いられている。
- Even now, fukuro shinai are used in training in many schools of swordsmanship, such as the Shinkage-ryu school, Kashima-Shintoryu school, Maniwanen-ryu school, Onohaitto-ryu school and the Jigen-ryu school.
- 戦後も自衛隊格闘術や警察の逮捕術の技術に大きな影響を及ぼし、現在も機動隊などで研修が行われている。
- After the war, it greatly influenced the techniques of the combat skill of the Self-Defense Forces and taihojutsu (arresting art) of the police, and training continues today among riot police, etc.
- 源氏香の図は、その芸術性の高さからか、着物やそのの帯、重箱等の模様、家紋としてもよく使われている。
- Genjiko-no-Zu is often used as the designs of kimono or obi and Jyubako or a family crest, due to the high quality of its artistry.
- 握り寿司において飯(酢飯)の握り方は寿司職人の技術が最も発揮されるところであり、様々な技法がある。
- When making Nigiri-zushi, forming of bite-sized rice (vinegared rice) is the highlight for a sushi chef to show his technique, and there are various techniques.
- 竹原正文は昭和36年に武田流(細川流)騎射流鏑馬の技術保持者として熊本県無形文化財の指定を受けた。
- In 1961, Masafumi TAKEHARA was designated an intangible cultural property of Kumamoto Prefecture as a holder of Takeda-ryu (Hosokawa-ryu) Kisya-ryu Yabusame technique.
- 算博士は算師の育成にあたるとともに、『九章算術』を始めとした中国の算書の知識が要求された(算道)。
- As well as contributing to the education of Sanshi, to be a San hakase, it was required to have extent knowledge of Chinese mathematical books such as 'Kyusho Sanjutsu' (sando, or arithmetic).
- とくに石村検校は三味線の改良、芸術音楽化、地歌の成立に大きく関わった盲人音楽家であろうと言われる。
- It is said that Kengyo (the highest title of the official ranks within the Todo-za) ISHIMURA, among blind musicians, were the most involved in the improvement of shamisen, its development to art music, and the creation of jiuta.
- 一般には足と呼ばれるが、学術書などでは腕と表現されることが多い(英語でも arm (腕)と呼ぶ)。
- Though the tentacles are generally referred to as legs, they are often expressed as arms in academic books (as is the case in English).
- 嵯峨天皇は鷹狩に関する漢詩を残しているほか、技術書として「新修鷹経」を編纂させている(818年)。
- Emperor Saga wrote Chinese-style poems on Taka-gari and wrote 'Shinshu-yokyo' edited as a book of techniques for falconry (818).
- 大正8年には弓術は弓道へと改称、武徳会は幾度か射法統一を試みるが普及せず、第二次世界大戦後に解散。
- In 1919 Kyujutsu changed the name to Kyudo, and Butoku-kai tried to integrate the different ways of shooting, but failed, and they dissolved after the World War II.
- 他の美術工芸品とともに浮世絵という版画がヨーロッパとアメリカでまたたく間に人気を博するようになった。
- Japanese woodblock prints called ukiyoe as well as other arts and crafts instantly became popular in Europe and the United States.
- 日本の料理は「日本料理」(学術的には「日本料理」)と呼ばれており、欧米の料理とはかなり異なっている。
- Food in Japan is called 'Japanese food' (or 'Japanese cuisine' scientifically), and quite different from that in western countries.
- 美人画という用語は、1940年代から1950年代の頃に日本美術展覧会で醸成され形作られた言葉である。
- The term 'bijinga' was created and shaped in The Japan Fine Arts Exhibition in the 1940's and 1950's.
- また、大手タイル・便所メーカーのINAXは、おから乾燥機「オカラット」を使用した再生技術を開発した。
- Leading tile and lavatory manufacturer, INAX has developed a reuse technology using an okara dryer called 'Okarat.'
- 講道館柔道を含む全柔術流派を統合する形であった(月刊「武道」 2006年7月号に経緯が掲載される)。
- All jujutsu-related schools' kata, including Kodokan judo's, was integrated; the integration process was carried on the July 2006 issue of the monthly magazine 'The Martial Arts.'
- 剣道も「しない競技」と名前を変え競技性をより重視するようになり、伝統的な剣術との違いが大きくなった。
- Kendo was renamed 'shinai game', its nature changed to a kind of sport and the difference from traditional Kenjutsu grew larger.
- これに応えて、江戸の関孝和や京都の田中由真(たなかよしざね)があいついで点竄術(傍書法)を創造した。
- As a response to this challenge, Takakazu SEKI from Edo and Yoshizane TANAKA from Kyoto created Tenzan-jutsu (also called Bosho-ho) in succession.
- 小豆が持つ赤色と稲作民族における呪術が結び付けられて、古くから祭祀の場において小豆が用いられてきた。
- Azuki beans have been used in religious rites since old times due to the linkage between its red color and a magical belief of the rice farming race.
- しかし利休と同時代の確かな資料には見られないことから、学術的には利休の言葉としては認められていない。
- This slogan, however, is not academically accepted as being directly attributable to Rikyu, because there is no description about it in any credible material compiled in the period contemporaneous with Rikyu.
- ジャポニズムは単なる流行にとどまらず、それ以降1世紀近く続いた世界的な芸術運動の発端となったのである。
- Japonism was not only a trend but also the beginning of a worldwide art movement that was to continue for nearly a century.
- 岡倉は1890年には東京美術学校の校長にもなるが、1898年に職を追われ、横山らと日本美術院を作った。
- Okakura was inaugurated as the Head of Tokyo Art School in 1890 but was forced out of the school in 1898, then established The Japan Art Academy with Yokoyama.
- また美術大学の日本画科の入学試験は水彩絵具による着彩、または、まれに鉛筆によるデッサンのみで行われる。
- Furthermore, the entrance examinations for Nihon-ga departments in the art universities include coloring with water paints, and also very rarely pencil drawing.
- 伝書(でんしょ、傳書)とは、日本の芸道などにおいて芸術や武術の流派の奥義や秘伝を記した写本や本である。
- Densho (books on the esoterica - also written as 傳書) is a manuscript or book of secret techniques of schools of Japanese art and martial arts.
- 三には、愚かなる射手弓道の術理を弁へず、邪儀慢心なる夷心を大に和ぐとの道理を以て、大和流と号する也。」
- Third, given that Yamato means to become more even-tempered, I intend to help archers with an inflated sense of their own abilities and who don't understand the truth of Kudo to see reason.
- この手法を実現するためには、より純度の高いアルコールに含まれる不純物を加水抽出する技術が必要であった。
- In order to implement this method, a hydrolytic extraction technique of impurities in purer alcohol was required.
- 後者は明治22年(1889年)に東京美術学校を創立するフェノロサと岡倉天心ら文部省系のグループである。
- The latter was a group on the side of Ministry of Education, which included Fenollosa and Tenshin OKAKURA who later found Tokyo School of Fine Arts together in 1889.
- 剣術との相違点は主に床の間での想定で型が組まれている点にあり、奉納、作法を意識している点も挙げられる。
- The difference from swordplay is that the kata of iaido is made on the assumption that it's played on the floor; another point is that iaido puts emphasis on the awareness on drawing and sheathing the sword.
- また、このブラジリアン柔術の特徴により、柔術=ブラジリアン柔術=寝技という認識になっていることも多い。
- So many people equate jujutsu with Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, and regard its main technique as 'newaza' (ground grappling techniques) for the nature of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.
- その中で最も威力があり武士に好まれたのが大弓で、大弓を用いた射術も発展し現在に至り、弓道として残った。
- The one that had the most strength and favored by bushi was Daikyu long bow, and the archery evolved and remains today as kyudo.
- 武家文化が文武を重きにおく事に対し、公家文化は花鳥風月と例えられる雅や遊び、いわゆる趣味や芸術である。
- While the samurai culture put a value on the literary and military arts, court noble culture was characterized by elegance and pleasure, that is, hobbies and arts which were told as kacho-fugetsu (beauty of nature, the traditional themes of natural beauty in Japanese aesthetics).
- 小袖の発生に関する研究は、極めて学術的で専門的な学問の研究対象であり、簡単に答えが出せるものではない。
- As the origin of Kosode is a quite academic and technical theme of study, it cannot be easily found out.
- もっとも単純な武器の一つであり、その起源は古く、文献資料も剣術等に比べると少なく、良くわかっていない。
- While being one of the most ancient and simplest weapons, its origin is rather unclear due to fewer historical sources and literature than other martial arts such as swordplay.
- 1974年に東京国立博物館で展覧会が催された、様々な画集に入ることで、日本美術史上での価値が確立した。
- In 1974 his works were included in various collections of paintings which were organized in Tokyo National Museum; thus the value of his works according to Japanese art history became confirmed.
- 刀術という名称もあるが、『本朝武藝小傳』など極少数の江戸時代の文献に使用されているが定着はしなかった。
- Although this art was also called Tojutsu (刀術), this name was used only in a few documents, such as 'Honcho Bugei Shoden' written in the Edo period, and didn't take root.
- 染色技術の変遷とあいまって寛弘年間以降は四位以上は黒、五位は蘇芳、六位及び六位以下は縹の3色となった。
- With the changing method of dyeing, the Kanko era and later the three colors were decided, that is, for shii (forth-rank) or higher as black, the gou (fifth-rank) as dark red and rokui (sixth-rank) or lower as hanada (light blue).
- 幽玄(ゆうげん)とは、文芸・絵画・芸能・建築等、諸々の芸術領域における日本文化の基層となる理念の一つ。
- Yugen is one of the basic ideas of Japanese culture in the area of various arts such as literature, paintings, performing arts and architecture.
- 兵法・妖術にその才を発揮しただけでなく、剣術や槍術、薙刀にも秀で、剣術は貫心流、薙刀は司箭流と呼ばれ、
- He showed the ability not only in the art of warfare and magic art, but also swordplay, the art of the spearman ship and naginata (Japanese halberd), and his swordplay and naginata were called Kanshin school and Shisen School, respectively.
- 芸術家の個性の表現や内面の表出を尊重する現代において、狩野派の絵画への評価は必ずしも高いとは言えない。
- In the present day, an artist's expression of individuality and mentality is valued, so the evaluation of paintings of the Kanoha group is not necessarily high.
- 各年ごとの分野別の文化・流行などは年表からたどった各年の記事内の「芸術・文化・ファッション」の項を参照。
- For a culture and popularity by field in each year, refer to the section of 'art, culture and fashion' in the article of each year which was traced in accordance with the chronological table.
- 二刀流(にとうりゅう)とは、両手(右手と左手)にそれぞれ刀もしくは剣を持って、攻守をおこなう技術の総称。
- The term 'nito-ryu' (two-sword fencing) is a general term for the technique of offense and defense with Japanese swords or other swords in both hands (left and right hands).
- 日本芸術院から、同会会員以外の者で、卓越した芸術作品を作成した者又は芸術の進歩に貢献したものに授される。
- The Japan Art Academy presents its award to the artists, who are not the members thereof, for their achievement in creating outstanding work of art or for their contribution to the advancement of arts.
- そして、現在では妖怪の存在の実証はされておらず、科学が未発達だった時代の呪術的思考の産物や迷信とされる。
- Currently, the existence of yokai is not verified, and it is considered to be a superstition or a byproduct of magical thinking dating from the period when science was underdeveloped.
- 明治維新後、武士の身分が廃止され、いわゆる文明開化の中で武術は時代遅れと断ぜられ一時期衰退しようとした。
- After the Meiji Restoration, when the social status of samurai was abolished and the society entered so-called civilization and enlightenment, bujutsu was judged to be out of date and was likely to decline at one time
- 蕎麦店が江戸に誕生してから時間をおかず、蕎麦に関する技術が山形に伝わって定着し、常食されるようになった。
- Soon after soba restaurants emerged in Edo, the art of soba making was introduced into and was established in Yamagata whereby buckwheat noodles became part of the regular diet in that area.
- が、様式的な特徴は無く、明確な分類も存在しないため、美術史上の概念としての阿弥派という呼称は存在しない。
- However, since there are no stylistic features and no defined classifications, there exists no Ami-ha school as a name of concept in art history.
- あらゆる古美術品には偽物が混在しており、日本刀も伝来品には偽物が多いことは玄人の間では常識となっている。
- Various imitations coexist with various antiques, and experts know that many Japanese imitation swords from other countries exist.
- が、戦後はその話術を生かしテレビ番組やラジオ番組の司会、ラジオパーソナリティなどの副業をすることも多い。
- After the war, however, they often acted as a host of a TV or radio program as well as being a radio personality as a sideline, taking advantage of their verbal skills.
- 京都府知事に画学校の設立を建議し「京都府画学校(後の「京都市立芸術大学」)」を設立し、教鞭をとっている。
- He proposed the governor of Kyoto Prefecture to establish Kyoto Prefectural School of Painting (future Kyoto City University of Arts) and taught there.
- 戦後は日本書道美術院創立に尽力し、1947年日本美術展覧会に五科〈書部門〉を設置することに力を尽くした。
- After the War, he made every effort to found the Nihon Shodo Bijutsuin (Japan Calligraphy Art Academy) and in 1947 devoted himself to set up the fifth department (Calligraphy) in The Japan Fine Arts Exhibition.
- 大東流合気柔術、合気道ともに円の動きで技を掛けるが、大東流に比べ、合気道はより大きな円の動きで技を掛ける。
- Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu and Aikido both apply techniques in a circular movement, but aikido uses a relatively larger circular movement to apply techniques.
- 梓弓のなかで梓巫女(祈祷師、口寄せ)が呪術の道具として使用するものは小さな葛で持ち歩いたので小弓であった。
- Among azusayumi, used as a tool for magic by azusa-miko (shaman in Kuchiyose - spiritualism) was a short bow and she carried it around in a small bamboo trunk.
- それまで童話の添え物として軽視されていたこの分野を芸術の域まで引き上げることをめざして造語したものである。
- This term was coined with the aim of refining this category of pictures, which had been played down as adjuncts to fairly tales until then, to the realm of art.
- 現在で言う素麺の生産は江戸時代後期から始まったもので、播州から手練れの職人を招いて技術を学んだものである。
- Production of the presently-called somen started during the late Edo period by inviting veteran workmen from Banshu to learn their techniques.
- 上記に挙げられている新陰流の刀法および兵法の武術的解釈では、活人剣と殺人剣という言葉に別の意味が存在する。
- From a martial art viewpoint on the toho (art of swords) and heiho (art of warfare) of the Shinkage-ryu School which was mentioned above, the terms of Katsuninken and Setsuninken have another meaning.
- 範遠も紀州竹林派吉見経武(法名:順正)に師事し弓術を学んだが、技量が優れていたので藩より稽古料を給された。
- Norito also learned kyujutsu under Noritake YOSHIMI (posthumous Buddhist name: Junsei) from Kishu-chikurin line, and he was given the lesson fee by the domain because his skills were excellent.
- 剣術(けんじゅつ)とは古武道の一つであり、日本の刀剣であるかたな(日本刀)で以て相手を殺傷する武術である。
- Kenjutsu is one of Japan's Kobudo (classical martial arts) with the focus of killing and wounding opponents with a katana (Japanese sword).
- 密教の占星術では、北斗七星の七つの星の内の一つをその人の生まれ星として本命星と定め、運命を司る星と考える。
- In the astrology of Esoteric Buddhism, one of the seven stars of the Big Dipper is assigned as the honmyojo of a person and dominates the person's destiny.
- 宝蔵院胤栄が創始した十文字鎌槍を用いる宝蔵院流槍術を完成させ、江戸時代における宝蔵院流の繁栄の基を築いた。
- He was accomplished at the Hozoin-Ryu Sojutsu School of spearmanship, which was founded by Ine HOZOIN and features the use of a Jumonji Kamayari (a cross-shaped spear with a sickle on both sides of the blade), and formed foundations for the prosperity of Hozoin-Ryu in the Edo period.
- ながらく園城寺法輪院に住し、密教図像の集成と絵師の育成に大きな功績を残したほか、自らの画術研鑽にも努めた。
- He resided at Horinin of Onjo-ji Temple for a long time and made a great contribution in collecting Esoteric Buddhist art as well as nurturing artists while striving to develop his own painting technique.
- 明治初期に来日し、工部美術学校で彫刻を指導したイタリア人ヴィンチェンツォ・ラグーザの作品も指定されている。
- The 'modern masterpiece' designation was given to a work by Vincenzo Ragusa, an Italian who came to Japan and taught sculpture at a school of craft and art.
- ここで言う「宝物」は文化財保護法における「美術工芸品」に相当し、有形文化財のうち建造物を除いたものである。
- The 'treasures' mentioned here are those 'works of arts and crafts' under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties; that is, they encompass tangible cultural properties other than buildings and structures.
- テレビの通信販売番組でも「刃物の製造に関しては世界一の技術を誇る日本」などのフレーズが使われることがある。
- TV shopping programs sometimes use phrases such as 'Japan boasting the world's best techniques in the production of cutting tools.'
- 現在は、短剣術は武道の短剣道として行われ、銃剣道から派生した経緯から全日本銃剣道連盟が短剣道も統括している。
- Today, tankenjutu is played under the name of tankendo in Japanese martial arts, and because of its evolution from jukendo, the All Japan Jukendo Federation supervises tankendo.
- この時期には、宣教師及び文禄・慶長の役で捕虜となった技術者が活版印刷の技術を伝え、刊行本が世に出回り始めた。
- Around this time, missionaries and engineers captured in the Bunroku-Keicho War introduced the technique of movable type, and publications started appearing.
- イギリスから独立を果たし、南北戦争を経て安定したアメリカ合衆国では、1876年にボストン美術館が設立された。
- The Boston Museum of Fine Arts was established in 1876, at a time when United States had gained independence from England and was becoming more stable after the Civil War.
- しかし、映画の技術が発達して、音声が入るトーキーが普及するようになって以後は、活動弁士は不要となってしまう。
- However, the technological development of movies produced and popularized the talkie, so katsudo benshi became unnecessary.
- 和風(わふう)は、音楽・美術・建築などの芸術や衣食住などの文化において「日本的」特色や味わいを形容する言葉。
- Wafu is a term used to represent inherent Japanese features and tastes in the fields of art, such as music, painting, and architecture, and culture, such as food, shelter, and clothing.
- 日本の武術流派では、明治以前には宗家と言う言葉は使用されておらず、各地の門弟を統率するような存在は無かった。
- In Japanese martial arts schools, the term Soke was not used before the Meiji period, and there were no Soke-like positions, which govern disciples nationwide.
- こうしていったん途絶してしまった四季醸造の技術がふたたび復活するのは、じつに昭和の工業技術によってであった。
- Thus the reemergence of four-season brewing techniques which had ceased for a time was actually a result of industrial technology from the 1920s.
- 乱取り稽古を行わない会派では、養神館合気道や岩間神信合氣修練会が積極的に護身術としての合気道を指導している。
- Among factions that don't practice randori, Yoshinkan aikido and Iwama-shinshin-aikishurenkai (Iwama school) actively teach aikido as an art of self-defense.
- 否定的な意見の根拠としては、次の例などがあり、合気道をそのまま一般的な護身術として考えることに疑義を呈する。
- Reasons for the negative opinions include the following, questioning the idea of considering aikido as a common art of self-defense.
- また各流派には宗家以外にも江戸期に各地の大名家に仕えて能楽の技術指導を行ってきた由緒ある家柄が存在している。
- Besides Soke, there are families that traditionally provided technical instructions of Nohgaku to Daimyo families (feudal lord families) in each school during the Edo period.
- 1881年、ロベルト・コッホが寒天培地による真正細菌培養法を開発技術開発したため、寒天の国際的需要が増えた。
- In 1881, Robert Koch developed the technology of culturing eubacterium using agar medium, and since then the demand for kanten has increased throughout the world.
- 「武術」としての道場などで教える手裏剣と、忍者が本来の使用意図で携帯した手裏剣は別物として考える必要がある。
- Shuriken, the use of which was taught at dojo (halls used for martial arts training) as a 'martial art,' and the shuriken which ninja carried following its original use, should be treated as separate things.
- 江戸時代中期には盲人音楽家たちにより芸術音楽化が進み、胡弓独自の流派が立てられ、胡弓専門の音楽がつくられた。
- In the middle of the Edo period, the artistic level of music for Kokyu was raised by blind musicians and a school dedicated for Kokyu was established, composing music specialized for Kokyu.
- 芸術品、工芸品として取引され、作家名の押し印されたものも多く、個々の茶碗に銘(名前)が付けられたものもある。
- Chawans are treated as works of art and artifacts, many of which have the artist's name printed on them and some of which have been given individual names.
- 茂則は、尾張藩士で日置流竹林派(ちくりんは)の長屋忠重に師事して弓術を学び、徳川光友の代に弓役に任じられた。
- After learning kyujutsu from Owari feudal retainer Tadashige NAGAYA of the Hegi-ryu Chikurin-ha school, Shigenori was appointed the yumiyaku (one responsible for archery duty) of Mitsutomo TOKUGAWA.
- 各地侍が勢力を保つため情報収集戦とゲリラ戦が日夜行われ、「忍術」が自然発生したのではないかと考えられている。
- It is considered that 'Ninjutsu' arose spontaneously in the condition that each jizamurai always fought an information war and a guerrilla war to maintain power.
- 弽(ゆがけ、かけ、しょう)は日本の弓道・弓術に於いて使用される和弓を引くための道具で、鹿革製の手袋状のもの。
- Yugake, also referred as Kake, Sho is a deerskin glove-like gear for drawing Japanese bow used in Japanese kyudo (Japanese art of archery) or the art of Japanese archery.
- またマウリッツは、歩騎砲の三兵が連動して機動戦術を採る事を発案し且つ可能にした軍事家としても評価されている。
- Also, Maurice is highly evaluated as a militarist, who thought up the idea to have three kinds of soldiers; infantry, cavalry and artillery coordinated in order to apply mobile tactics and who actually made the tactics possible.
- 一刀で行う剣術に習熟する方法として、まず二刀を練習して慣れてきたら一刀に戻すという方法が行われることもあった。
- Fencers sometimes practiced using two swords at first until they became used to it and then returned to using one sword in order to master the one-sword martial arts.
- 呪術用に特化して飾り物となった(弱の字は弓に飾りがついた姿を現している)武力を「弱」と捉えたことに注目できる。
- Notice that the force specializing in magic and falling into mere decoration was expressed as '弱' (this character shows the figure of a bow with decoration).
- ここで戦いを有利に進める為に、考えられた戦術の一つが遠戦であり、弓矢は戦場において重要な役割を持つようになる。
- One of the tactics created in order to take advantage during a war was attacking from a faraway place, and Yumiya played an important role on the battlefield.
- (「合気剣」や「合気杖」を修練する師範と、他流の剣術や杖術の形を合気道の理合で解釈して修練する師範に分かれる)
- (Some grandmasters train in 'aikiken' (the sword technique of aikido) and 'aikijo' (staff technique of aikido), while other grandmasters train in swordplay and the jojutsu of other schools, as interpreted under the aikido rationale.)
- 介錯人は預かり人の家中の者が勤める建前になっていたため、介錯の失敗は武術不心得として預かり人の家の恥とされた。
- It was propriety that the kaishakunin would be a member of the azukarinin's family, so failure in conducting the duty of kaishaku would bring shame to the family of the azukarinin.
- しかし、日本の歴史学の見地から『日本妖怪変化史』を著し、学術的に妖怪を取り上げ、世間に見直させる風潮を作った。
- However, from the viewpoint of Japanese history, he wrote 'Nihon Yokai Henkashi' (history of change of Japanese yokai), treated yokai academically, and created a general atmosphere for the public to take a renewed look at yokai.
- このような状況下で剣術を稽古する者は少なくなり、武道禁止解禁後も剣術は各流派道場でのみ行なわれるようになった。
- As the number of people who learn Kenjutsu decreased under such circumstances, Kenjutsu training was conducted only at training halls of schools even after the ban of Budo was lifted.
- 剣客を生んだ地域を見ると、剣術道場の多かった関東地方(関八州)や、倒幕運動に積極的な薩摩国・土佐国が知られる。
- Kanto region (Kan hasshu) where a lot of Kenjutsu dojo (hall used for swordplay training) were located and Satsuma/Tosa province which actively participated in the movement to overthrow the shogunate are known as the places from which many expert swordsmen hailed.
- 独自の防具を用い実際に加撃することが特徴であり、空手道などと互いに影響を及ぼしながら技術体系が錬られていった。
- It features making attacks in which the participants put on the original protective gear, and the system of techniques was developed by mutual influence with karatedo and others.
- 現代においては、芸術作品(エロティカ)として社会的に高く評価されており、猥褻出版物としての扱いは受けていない。
- In these days, the shuga is socially valued as a work of art (erotica), not being regarded as pornography.
- 禅宗が盛んになる13世紀中期以降は枯山水が流行し、15世紀後期まで、仏教美術と非宗教美術の双方ともが繁栄した。
- After the middle of the 13th century when the Zen sect was in full bloom, karesansui (dry garden style) became popular, and both Buddhist art and nonreligious art were prosperous until the latter half of the 15th century.
- 射撃手前後交替の発想が見られるものとしては騎兵のカラコール戦術が対テルシオ戦法として用いられた事が挙げられる。
- The idea of the exchange of shooters between the front and rear is seen in the military caracole of horse soldiers, utilized against military tercio.
- 火葬は多くの薪などの燃料を必要とし、また技術も求められるため、費用がかかる葬儀様式であったことは否定できない。
- As cremation requires not only a lot of fuel such as firewood, but also certain skills, it cannot be denied that it was a costly funeral method.
- 日常内観は集中内観で会得した反省の技術を生かし、日常生活の中で毎日、一定時間、内観三項目を通して自分を調べる。
- In daily Naikan, the client uses a technique of reflection that he or she learned at concentrated Naikan to reflect on him or herself through the three themes of Naikan for a certain period of time everyday in his or her daily life.
- 馬上における弓術には他に笠懸(かさがけ)や犬追物(いぬおうもの)があり、流鏑馬とあわせて「騎射三物」とされる。
- Other types of archery practiced on horseback are kasagake and inuoimono (shooting a dog), and these two plus yabusame make up the 'three types of archery on horseback.'
- 能(のう)は、鎌倉時代後期から室町時代初期に完成を見た、日本独自の舞台芸術の一種である「能楽」の一分野である。
- Noh is a type of 'Nohgaku (Noh music)' used in a kind of Japanese original stage performing art of which the completion was realized in the late Kamakura period or the beginning of the Muromachi period.
- ただし、西山松之助 『家元の研究』にみるように江戸時代における大半の武術流派には家元制度はとられてはいなかった。
- However, according to 'Iemoto no Kenkyu' (Study of Iemoto) written by Matsunosuke NISHIYAMA, in most schools of martial arts the iemoto system was not employed during the Edo period.
- 明治以後、醸造技術及び企業形態の近代化が進む一方で、醤油が生活必需品である事に目をつけた政府が「醤油税」を導入。
- After the Meiji period, the government introduced 'soy-sauce tax' taking advantage of soy-sauce as a necessity of life, whereas modernization of brewing technology and formation of business organizations proceeded.
- このような状況が、政府主導によって全国規模で酒造りに関する情報を交換し、酒蔵相互の技術の向上を図る必要を生んだ。
- Therefore, the government needed to lead the information exchanging on sake brewing all over the country and to improve the techniques of sake breweries with each other.
- 須須許里が実在の人物であったとしても、彼がもたらしたものはせいぜい酒造技術の向上レベルのものであったと思われる。
- Even though if Susukori actually existed, it seems that he brought at most a progressed technique of sake brewing.
- 飲用に使われるようになって、官能的に感知される不純物を除去するため、アルコールの蒸留技術はさらに進化していった。
- After it came to be drunk, the distilling technique to remove impurities which were instinctively felt was further developed.
- 龍池会のメンバーは明治20年(1887年)に有栖川宮熾仁親王を総裁に迎えて、新たに「日本美術協会」を発足させる。
- Ryuchikai members started Japan Art Association with Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito as the president in 1887.
- しかし、大東流合気柔術と合気道で最も鮮明な相違は、武道の目的と意味をどう位置づけるかという思想性だと考えられる。
- However, the clearest difference between Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu and Aikido is in the ideologies of how they position the purpose and meaning of martial arts.
- この点により、伝統流派自体の採用ではなく、一部の技の採用や、各国で独自に近代化した柔術技法などが採用されている。
- Therefore, those countries adopt not the traditional school as a whole, but some of its techniques partially, and they modernize the jujutsu techniques by themselves.
- 長く続いた平和によって経済が発達し、町人文化が興るなかで武術は余暇の楽しみとして都市部や農村地帯で広く行われた。
- As the peace which lasted for a long time developed the economy and produced the townsmen culture, bujutsu was practiced for pleasure in the spare time widely in both the urban and the rural agricultural areas.
- 毎年、愛知県新城市の「長篠合戦のぼりまつり」において、米沢藩古式砲術保存会・長篠設楽原鉄砲隊と競演で演武を行う。
- Every year in the 'Nagashino Banner Festival' held in Shinshiro City, Aichi Prefecture, they conduct a demonstration of gunfire together with the Preservation Society of Traditional Gunnery of Yonezawa Domain and the Nagashino Shitaragahara Musket Corps.
- 17世紀頃から、時計などに使われていた歯車などの技術を、人形の動作装置として応用し、からくり人形が作られ始めた。
- From around the 17th century, craftsmen began to produce karakuri ningyo by applying some techniques, including gears used in a watch and other things, to the devices for the movements of the doll.
- 明治維新後、幕府崩壊と共に武士階級の消滅、明治政府による近代化政策の煽りから武術は時代遅れとされ急激に衰退する。
- After the Meiji Restoration, because of the disappearance of Samurai hierarchy together with the demise of the bakufu, Japan's feudal government, and the influence of the modernization policy of the Meiji Government, martial arts were considered to be out of fashion and declined rapidly.
- 重要文化財のうち製作が特に優れたもの、歴史上特に意義の深いものなど学術的に価値の特に高いものが国宝に指定される。
- Among the important cultural properties, those made with extraordinarily superb craftsmanship, or precious items with particularly high academic value such as historical significance, are designated as national treasures.
- こうして幕府の酒造統制が緊緩を揺らいでいくうちに、四季醸造の技術は江戸時代の終わりまでに消滅してしまうことになる。
- While the bakufu repeated regulation and alleviation in the control of sake brewing in such a way, the technique of sake brewing in all seasons disappeared before the end of the Edo period.
- 一方、日本合気道協会(富木流)では主に対短刀を想定した乱取りを行っており、刃物に対する護身術として理解されている。
- lMeanwhile, the Japan Aikido Association (Tomiki school) practices randori (throwing practice with both partners trying to throw each other) with short swords in mind, and it's considered an art of self-defense against blades.
- 当時、浜田市中において盛んだった製缶技術を駆使して製造されたもので、半年後に開缶しても混濁する事がなかったという。
- The product was manufactured utilizing can-making technology then prosperous in Hamada City, and it is said that it didn't show muddiness even when the can was opened a half year later.
- 次の世代の安島直円は、三斜三円術(マルファッティの定理)などを発見し、これらの問題の系統的な解法の発展に寄与した。
- Naonobu Ajima, who belonged to the next generation, founded sansha sanen-jutsu (the method of three diagonals and three circles; Malfatti's Problem) and contributed to further solving these mathematical problems in a systematic manner.
- 北山文化で開花した室町時代の文化は、その芸術性が生活文化のなかにとり込まれ、新しい独自の文化として根づいていった。
- Muromachi culture, which flowered as Kitayama culture, and whose artistic quality was adopted in people's lifestyle, took root as a new original culture.
- そのなかでも、浄土真宗系で呪術的な隠し念仏がよく知られており、浄土真宗では異端であることを意味する異安心とされる。
- Among others, the cult kakushi nenbutsu, whose name is derived from 'Jodo Shinshu' (True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) is well known, and is said to be 'ianjin,' which means the heretical sect, by the mainstream of Jodo Shinshu.
- 日本では文明開化が起こり、浮世絵などの出版物が急速に衰えていく一方で、日本美術はヨーロッパで絶大な評価を受けていた。
- While publications including traditional Japanese art such as ukiyoe rapidly declined in Japan due to Westernization, Japanese art was highly praised in Europe.
- 相手を殺傷せずに捕らえたり、身を護ること(護身術)を重視する流儀の多いことは、他国の武術と比較して大きな特徴である。
- Compared with other countries' martial arts, it is quite characteristic of jujutsu to have many ryugi (schools) which emphasize both capturing the opponent without killing (or injuring) him or her and defense (the art of self-defense).
- - 包丁や和裁や剃刀(和剃刀)または、大工なども研ぐ技術が拙い者(つたないもの)や高価な刃物などは砥ぎ師を利用した。
- Blade sharpeners were used for kitchen knives, pinking shears, razors, expensive knives, and even by carpenters who were not skilled in sharpening.
- 琳派(りんぱ)とは、俵屋宗達、尾形光琳ら江戸時代に活躍し、同傾向の表現手法を用いる美術家・工芸家らを指す名称である。
- The Rinpa school refers to artists and craftsmen in the Edo period who used a similar style, including Sotatsu TAWARAYA and Korin OGATA.
- しかし、柔術には嘉納治五郎が柔術を『徒手もしくは小型の武器を持つ武術』と定義したように、その程度しか共通理念はない。
- However, jujutsu is a martial art with no (or a small) weapon, as Jigoro KANO defined, and this definition describes the minimum common factor of all jujutsu-related martial arts.
- この時代の印刷・出版技術の発展とともに、出版文化が発達していき、黄表紙などによって盛んに題材として妖怪が用いられた。
- With the development of printing and publishing technology during this period, yokai was frequently used as a theme of picture books.
- 書道史は美術に関する歴史学の一部門であり、本源である中国書道史と、傍系である日本書道史の2つに大別することができる。
- History of Shodo is a division of fine art related history and can be roughly divided into two; Chinese history of Shodo, the principle and Japanese history of Shodo, the collateral line.
- 平安時代にはすでにあったといわれる「丑の刻参り」という、人を禍に陥れる呪術において、五徳は儀式の上での道具であった。
- Gotoku was a ritual item for a magic carried out in order to put a curse on someone, called 'ushi no koku mairi' (the visit at midnight), which is known to have been practiced as early as the Heian period.
- 9世紀になり、日本が次第に中国と距離を置き、自国の表現方法を生み出し始めると、今度は非宗教的な美術に重点が置かれた。
- While Japan kept some distance from China in the ninth century, Japanese people started to create their own means of expression in the ninth century and then an emphasis was placed on nonreligious art.
- 精進料理の影響により、大豆加工の技術や野菜料理の技法が大きく発達し、のちの日本料理の方向性を決定づけることになった。
- Affected by shojin-ryori dishes, the technique to process soybeans and to cook vegetables developed greatly, determining the direction of later progress in nihon-ryori dishes.
- この前夜の式典は、呪術的な必要から遺体を不寝番することを意味する「通夜」を避け、「前夜式」「前夜の祈り」などと呼ぶ。
- The ritual on the night before is called a 'Funeral wake,' 'Prayer on the night before' and so on rather than 'Tsuya' which means keeping a night watch for the deceased to perform an incantation.
- これに対して西ヨーロッパでは、中世末期に『往生術』として知られる文献が書かれ、臨終を迎える者のための心得が説かれた。
- On the other hand, in Western Europe, the book known as 'Ars moriendi,' written in the late medieval period, explains what a person who is going to go through rinju needs to know.
- 1947年(昭和22年)に芸術院の会員となり、62年天台宗大僧正、1967年〈昭和42年)には文化功労者に選ばれた。
- He became a member of The Japan Art Academy in 1947, and was selected to be a Daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order) of the Tendai sect in 1962 and a Bunkakorosha (Person of Cultural Merits) in 1967.
- また東儀の他に、雅楽器も用いた演奏集団、音楽理論の分析・研究に重点を置き現代的雅楽曲を創作する、芸術団体などがある。
- Other than TOGI, there is also a performance group that uses Gagaku instruments and an art group that creates modern Gagaku music with a focus on the analysis and study of music theory, etc.
- 室町時代初期『御酒之日記』、江戸時代初期『童蒙酒造記』などにその名を残し、当時の日本酒の醸造技術の高さを物語っている。
- Bodai-moto was mentioned in some books, such as 'Goshu-no-nikki,' the oldest book on sake brewing techniques written in the early Muromachi period, and 'Domoshuzoki,' the best and the most detailed book on sake brewing techniques written in the early Edo period, and the descriptions show us how advanced the sake brewing techniques in those days were.
- また日本では機械弓が大陸から技術が伝わっていたが、和弓の利便性から必要性がなく、火縄銃の伝来によりその活躍もなかった。
- In addition, in Japan, although the techniques of the mechanized bow were transmitted from the Chinese continent, it was not necessarily used because the efficiency of the Japanese bow did not flourish after the introduction of the matchlock gun.
- 兵法、すなわち人を刀で切る行為にはこの両面がないとならないと諭し、日本の剣術が殺人技法にとどまらず昇華したことを示す。
- He admonished that the deed of killing a person with a sword should have these two aspects, and it demonstrates the difference between Japanese Kenjutsu and the mere skill of killing a person.
- そのため危険であることから現代武道から除かれた技法や各種の隠し武器、活法、薬方、呪術などが今でも残っている場合がある。
- So, some of the fighting techniques and the various kinds of disguised weapons, the ways of resuscitation, the usage of medicine, the secret of casting a spell, and so on that had been eliminated from gendai budo because they were considered to be dangerous, may have been maintained in kobudo even now.
- ただし、日本の柔術で拳法を称する流派もあるが、これは柔術の中国風の異称であり、拳法と書いて「ヤワラ」と読む場合も多い。
- Among Japanese jujutsu there are schools naming themselves kenpo, but it is Chinese name of jujutsu which is often read 'yawara' while it is written kenpo (拳法).
- 「妖術と いう身で握る 鮓の飯」『柳多留』(文政12年 1829年 作句は1827年)が、握り寿司の文献的初出である。
- Senryu (humorous or ironical haiku), 'Form rice of sushi by hand as quickly as a sorcerer forms a round shape with fingers,' in 'Yanagidaru' (a collection of senryu) (1829; year when the haiku was made was 1827) was the first description of Nigiri-zushi appearing in literatures.
- どこの家でも素人ながらに蕎麦打ちの技術を持っており、来客があると、家の主人もしくは主婦が蕎麦を打ち、食事として供した。
- While not professionally trained, everyone knew how to make soba and when visitors came, the host or hostess made soba for them.
- しかし、この時代の日本にはまだ文字がなかったため、この時代の剣術については伝わっておらず、その有無・詳細は不明である。
- However, the details concerning Kenjutsu at the time, including its existence, are unknown since there was no written language in Japan at the time.
- 近代に入ると、流通の発達や冷蔵設備の普及、冷凍技術の発達に伴い、日本全国津々浦々で新鮮な刺身が食べられるようになった。
- As distribution networks has been grown, the use of refrigerator has been widespread, and the freezing technology has been developed in modern times, fresh sashimi became available for people throughout Japan.
- 木喰を再発見したのは、美術史家で民芸運動の推進者であった柳宗悦(やなぎむねよし、1889年 - 1961年)であった。
- It was an art historian and promulgator of the folk art movement, Muneyoshi YANAGI (1889 – 1961), who rediscovered Mokujiki.
- 美術院国宝修理所所長、東京芸大教授などを歴任する一方で、55年からは京都・愛宕念仏寺の住職となり、同寺の復興に当たる。
- While he played the role of the Director of the Kokuho Shurijo of the Nihon Bijitsuin and a professor of Tokyo University of the Arts, he became the chief priest of Otagi Nenbutsu-ji Temple in Kyoto in 1955 to restore the temple.
- 流鏑馬(やぶさめ)とは、疾走する馬上から的に鏑矢(かぶらや)を射る、日本の伝統的な騎射の技術・稽古・儀式のことを言う。
- Yabusame is the Japanese traditional skill, practice and rite of shooting whistling arrows from a galloping horse.
- これを重く見た当時の武道・武術家有志により明治28年(1895年)大日本武徳会が結成され、弓道含め各武道の普及を図る。
- Martial art volunteers, who considered this situation seriously, founded the Dainippon Butoku-kai association in 1895 and tried to spread martial arts.
- 漬物の技術は、乳酸菌発酵を十分に行うと野菜のみならず、動物質の保存にも有効となり、こうしたものはなれずしに分類される。
- With sufficient lactic fermentation, the technique of tsukemono is efficient not only for vegetables but also for the preservation of animal matter, which is classified together with nare-zushi.
- 具体的には好事家や趣味人が、難度が高い特殊な物品の作製を依頼した時などに、携わる技術者(職人)に景気付けに渡す事もある。
- As an example, when a collecter or someone with highbrow tastes or a highbrow orders something which is difficult to make from an expert (a craftsman), they offer shugi as an incentive.
- 明治初期の1876年、明治政府は西洋画法を学ぶためイタリアからアントニオ・フォンタネージを招き、工部美術学校を創立した。
- In 1876, at the beginning of the Meiji period, in order to promote the study of Western Art, the Meiji government established an art school and invited Antonio Fontanesi from Italy.
- 現在、かつての本間家の別館は本間美術館となっており、庄内藩の御用商人だった風間家の1対の傘福が雛壇とともに飾られている。
- The former annex of the Honma family is Honma museum now and is decorated with a pair of Kasafuku once owned by the Kazama family who were purveyors of the Shonai Domain, together with hina dolls on a tiered platform.
- 温度計のない時代に、造り手の感覚だけでそれが調節されたことは明らかで、熟練を要した高度な技術であったことがうかがわれる。
- Since there were no thermometers at that time, it is obvious that the temperature adjustment fully depended on the brewer's sense, and this suggests the method was a highly skilled technique which demanded a lot of experience.
- ただし、日本文化に特有の事象であるが、道具として極めてシンプルであるため、使う者の知恵・技術水準が実用レベルと直結する。
- However, as one typical aspect of Japanese culture, the level of knowledge and technique of users of Furoshiki is directly related to the utilization level due to its high simplicity as a device.
- 1951年からは受賞者が増えたこともあって、その中で特に選ばれたものに『恩賜賞 (日本芸術院)』が贈られるようになった。
- Since 1951, due in part to the increased number of winners, the Academy added the new award 'Onshi Sho' (Emperor's Prize) (Japan Art Academy) to present to the most outstanding among the winners.
- 船戦要法28巻を著し、合武三島流軍船学(ごうぶさんとうりゅう)を興した、後にその砲術部門を森重流と呼ばれるようになった。
- He wrote 'the 28 volumes of Funaikusa yoho' (the method of a naval battle) and established naval science of Gobu-Santo school; its section of gunnery was later to be called Morishige school.
- 日本の代表的な展覧会である日本美術展覧会の第五科(書)では、漢字、かな (書道)、篆刻、調和体の4領域が実施されている。
- Four fields of Kanji, Kana (Shodo), Tenkoku (seal engraving), and Chowatai (harmony) are carried out in the Fifth Department (Sho) by the Japan Fine Arts Exhibition, a typical exhibition in Japan.
- - 庖丁塚とは使い古されたり使えなくなってしまった包丁に感謝を込めて埋めたり、包丁捌きの技術の向上祈願して建てられた塚。
- - Hocho-zuka was erected to bury old worn knives to express appreciation for many years of service and to pray for improving skills in using knives for cooking.
- また、築城技術でも火縄銃の性能を活かした横矢掛かり(これ自体はすでに存在していた)などが発達し、赤穂城などに応用された。
- And as for technique of castle construction, battlement for a flank attack (it had already existed), exploiting the performance of hinawaju, developed and they were applied to Ako-jo Castle.
- 1950年の学術調査により、その下には藤原清衡、基衡、秀衡の棺と四代泰衡の首を納めた首桶が安置されていることがわかった。
- An academic investigation in 1950 showed that the coffins of FUJIWARA no Kiyohira, Motohira and Hidehira and a bucket for the severed heads of Yasuhira, the fourth head of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan, were placed under Shumidan.
- 『中右記』の永長元年(1096年)の項などに記されているように、馬上における実戦的弓術の一つとして平安時代から存在した。
- As described in the section of Chuyuki (a diary written by FUJIWARA no Munetada) dated 1096, yabusame has been practiced since the Heian period as a practical fighting skill performed on horseback.
- 文部科学大臣は、選定保存技術を選定し(第147条第1項)、その技術の保持者または保持団体を認定する(第147条第2項)。
- The Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology determines the selected preservation techniques (Article 147, Clause 1) and recognizes the holders or the maintenance bodies of such techniques (Article 147, Clause 2).
- 油で焼きを入れると失敗は少ないが、刃文に冴えを出せず斬れ味は別として、美術工芸品を志向する現代刀には不向きだからである。
- Although quenching in oil reduces failure, it is not suitable for modern swords that are meant to become a work of art because it cannot achieve a fine Hamon (blade pattern), apart from its sharpness.
- 江戸時代は捕縛術としてそのような技術を中心に据えているような印象を与える流派も多く、かつそれは古流柔術全体の特徴でもある。
- Secondly, many schools in the Edo period seem to have centered on hobaku-jutsu, and this characteristic applies to the whole koryu jujutsu.
- そのほとんどの書体は最新のものではなく、西欧において同時代の使用が見られないものさえあり、印刷術として高度な物はなかった。
- Most calligraphic styles were not the most recent, and some of them were not even used in the same period in Western Europe, which showed that the art of printing was not sophisticated.
- 左太刀(ひだりたち)とは、剣術において通常は右手を前、左手を後ろに刀を持つのを、逆に左手を前、右手を後ろに持つ技術のこと。
- Hidari Tachi is the technique to hold and grip a sword with the left hand placed towards the Tsuba (a hand guard) and the right hand placed at the base of the hilt, meanwhile the right hand is usually placed towards a Tsuba and the left hand is placed at the base of a hilt in the art of swordsmanship.
- 九章算術などは散逸してしまったようであるが、土木、建築、財務、暦の計算などにある程度の数学が必要であったことは確かである。
- It seems that Kyusho Sanjutsu was scattered and lost during this time, but a certain level of knowledge of mathematics must have been required for civil engineering, architecture, finance, and the calculation of the calendar.
- そろばんは会計等広く用いられたのに対し、算木は専ら和算家によって、天元術(中国の代数方程式の理論)などの計算に用いられた。
- While the abacus was used for a wider purpose such as accounting, sangi was used exclusively by wasan mathematicians for calculating with Tengen-jutsu (the theory of algebraic equations developed in China) and so on.
- 青森県の弘前市ではリンゴの剪定技術をサクラに応用することで同地に生えていたソメイヨシノの樹勢を回復することに成功している。
- In Hirosaki City, Aomori Prefecture, Someiyoshino was successfully recovered by applying the pruning technique for apple trees.
- 甲冑武者同士の戦闘は最終的には組討による決着に至ることが多く、ここにおける技法が組討術であり後の柔術の源流の一つとなった。
- Fighting between heavily-armored samurai often finally came to an end by grappling, and grappling skills employed in such fighting became one of the origins of Jujutsu (one of the classical Japanese martial arts).
- その際、偶然に同家所蔵の地蔵菩薩像、無量寿菩薩像、弘法大師像の3体の木喰仏を見出し、木喰仏の芸術性の高さに打たれたという。
- At the time, he accidently found three pieces of Mokujiki-butsu: a statue of Jizo Bosatsu, a statue of Muryoju Bosatsu and a statue of Kobo Daishi; it is said that he was impressed with mokujiki-butsu's high level of artistry.
- 法隆寺金堂壁画の芸術的価値は、日本において文化財の調査・保護が始まった明治時代初期(19世紀末)からすでに認識されていた。
- The artistic value of the murals in the Kondo of Horyu-ji Temple was already recognized since the early Meiji period (late 19th century) when investigation and protection of cultural properties were started in Japan.
- 1902年~1904年に浄土真宗本願寺派の第22世門主大谷光瑞が組織した学術調査隊・大谷探検隊では実質的リーダーを努めた。
- He was a substantial leader in the Otani Expedition, which was an academic investigation team organized from 1902 to 1904 by Kozui OTANI, the twenty-second chief priest of the True Pure Land sect Hongan-ji school.
- その武術は河野大蔵通昭に伝えられ、後に広島藩に仕えた築山通護(河野から改姓)がその剣術を伝え、広島藩の剣術の主流となった。
- His martial art was handed down to Okura Michiaki KAWANO, and afterward, 築山通護 (former family name was Kawano) who worked for Hiroshima Domain, taught the martial art and it was a main martial art in Hiroshima Domain.
- いずれにせよ清酒(せいしゅ)は、やがて『菩提泉』に代表されるような平安時代以降の僧坊酒にその技術が結集されていくことになる。
- Anyway, the techniques to brew seishu brought together to brew Soboshu (the sake brewed in major temples) typified by 'bodaisen' (a name of sake) after the Heian period.
- 現在産業廃棄物として処理されているおからのバイオ燃料への再利用技術は、原油価格が高騰している昨今の社会背景の中、注目される。
- The reuse technology of okara which is disposed as industrial waste now for biofuel attracts attention in this social condition where oil prices are soaring.
- 技術の向上とともに、寒さに耐えながら稽古をやり遂げることで、精神の鍛錬をするという目的にも重きをおかれて行われるものである。
- By carrying out training while enduring coldness, it aims not only to improve skills but also to discipline one's mind.
- 特にパルティアンショットは敵と相対せず退却しながら矢を射続けるため、敵を苦しめヨーロッパ人の間では知られた騎射戦術であった。
- Especially, the Parthian shot was a well known technique of shooting bows in Europe, and was where bows continued to be shot at enemies when leaving, without facing them to give them hard time.
- 手品や奇術の多くは唐から伝わり猿楽の芸の一つであり、如何様(いかさま)とも呼ばれ、それを行うものを如何様師とも呼称していた。
- The Japanese word 'ikasamashi' comes from 'ikasama,' a synonym for the magic shows performed in sarugaku, many of which originated in Tang.
- 武術修行において精神修養などの人間形成も重視する理念は、新陰流と将軍家などに見られるように江戸時代初期には既に生まれていた。
- The philosophy to place emphasis on human development such as the moral improvement in the ascetic practices of bujutsu had already been formed during the early Edo period as it is seen in Shinkage-ryu and the Shogun family.
- 宿曜道(すくようどう)とは、平安時代、空海をはじめとする留学僧らにより、密教の一分野として 日本へもたらされた占星術の一種。
- The term 'Sukuyodo' refers to a kind of astrology which was brought to Japan as a part of the Esoteric Buddhism by priests who studied abroad such as Kukai in the Heian period.
- 二 演劇、音楽、工芸技術その他の無形の文化的所産で我が国にとつて歴史上又は芸術上価値の高いもの(以下「無形文化財」という。)
- 2. Intangible cultural products (such as plays, musical pieces and craft technologies) that are highly valued in our nation, either historically or artistically (such products being hereinafter referred as intangible cultural properties)
- しかし浮世絵などで使われていた日本独特の空間表現や色彩感覚が、次第にヨーロッパの芸術家に取り入れられ「~イスム」となっていく。
- However, the spatial expression and sense of color peculiar to Japan art, which were used in ukiyoe and other works, were gradually adopted by artists in Europe, resulting in 'Japonaiserie' developing into 'Japonism.'
- 芸術の分野でも、法隆寺や唐招提寺の建築には中国などの影響が強く見られたのに対して、宇治平等院では日本人好みの表現になっている。
- In the field of art, the architecture of Horyu-ji Temple and Toshodai-ji Temple was largely influenced by China, but, the Uji-byodoin Temple was constructed as preferred by Japanese people.
- 特に柔術が盛んだった地方では、一つの村落に幾つもの道場が存在し、集落の若者の大部分が入門していたことが様々な記録に残っている。
- In local areas where jujutsu was especially popular, several practice halls existed in a single village and most young people there became the pupils, various historical records say.
- 武術(古武道)の様々な流派は、戦国時代 (日本)において形成されたものは少なく、多くがむしろ戦乱の収まった江戸時代に発展した。
- Looking over at the various schools of bujutsu (kobudo), a few of them were formed in the Sengoku Period (Japan), and many were developed during the Edo period rather than the previous one, when the chaos of wars had already been over.
- 香の図(こうのず)は、香道の中で、ある種の組香(くみこう)、もしくは芸術品の紋様として利用される縦線と横線からなる図柄である。
- Ko-no-Zu is a kind of Kumiko or a design consisting of longitudinal and horizontal lines used as a pattern of artistic work in Kodo.
- 笠懸(かさがけ)とは、疾走するウマ上から的に鏑矢(かぶらや)を放ち的を射る、日本の伝統的な騎射の技術・稽古・儀式・様式のこと。
- Kasagake' (笠懸) is a traditional Japanese form of horseback archery technique/practice/event/form where the archer mounted on a galloping steed shoots 'Kaburaya' arrows (arrows that whistle) at targets.
- 皮を斬らせて肉を断つ~骨を斬らせて髄を断つとあるように、剣術流派における相打ちの概念とは、自分が勝って生き残る事が前提である。
- As the Japanese proverb 'let your opponent slash your skin to cut off his flesh, and let him cut your bone to break his bone marrow' (you should be prepared to sacrifice your own body so that you can defeat your opponent) describes, the idea that the fencer himself or herself should win and survive is always behind the concept of aiuchi in swordsmanship schools.
- 華道(かどう)とは、草花や樹木などの植物材料を組み合わせて構成し、鑑賞する芸術であるいけばなに、芸道としての側面を加えたもの。
- Kado is a type of Ikebana, an art of combining plants such as flowers and trees, with the aspect of Geido (accomplishments).
- かたわらでは、鴻池善右衛門や奈良流など各地の造り酒屋や杜氏の流派が、僧坊酒の技術に改良を加えながらこれを承継していくことになる。
- On the other hand, the sake breweries and schools of toji such as Zenemon KONOIKE and the Nara school succeeded this by improving the techniques of Soboshu.
- しかし、寛文7年(1667年)、当時もっとも酒造技術が進んでいた伊丹でそれまでの寒酒の仕込み方を改良し、この寒造りが確立された。
- However, they improved the brewing method of kanshu at Itami, where sake brewing skill was most advanced at that time in 1667, and this kanzukuri was established.
- しかしこうした作家の顕彰行為は、一面としては文化勲章や重要無形文化財制度、あるいは日本芸術院会員への認定などに引き継がれている。
- However, the system for honoring craftspeople is partially succeeded by the systems such as Order of Culture, Important Intangible Cultural Property, recognition as a member of the Japan Art Academy, and so on.
- 当時盛平は大日本武徳会から総合武術部門設立についての協力要請を受けたが、これに対し皇武館道場の「総務」であった平井稔を推薦した。
- Morihei, at that time, was asked by Dai Nippon Butoku-kai to cooperate in the establishment of a comprehensive martial arts department, and in response he referred Minoru HIRAI, who was a 'general director' at the Kobukan dojo.
- 能楽協会会員すなわち玄人の能楽師および彼らの素人弟子たちの技術は、「シテ方」「ワキ方」「囃子方」「狂言方」の4種類に分けられる。
- The techniques of the members of the Nohgaku Performers' Association, i.e., expert Noh performers, and their amateur pupils are divided into the following four categories: 'Shitekata' (main role), 'Wakikata' (supporting actor), 'Hayashikata' (people who play hayashi, or the musical accompaniment), and 'Kyogenkata' (farce actor).
- 「鉄砲組」は「歩兵隊」または「銃隊」へと改組され、これまでの和流砲術家達も洋式砲術を学びなおす等により和流砲術は消滅していった。
- The musket troops' were reorganized into 'the infantry corps' and 'the musket corps;' the Japanese-style gunnery disappeared as the expert gunners of the Japanese-style gunnery restudied the Western-style gunney.
- しかし同じ醸造技術者ではあっても、流派ごとの技法の有無や、集団としての制度などを考えると、後世の杜氏の直接的起源とは言いがたい。
- Although they were indeed brewing specialists, it is hard to say that they were the direct origin of latter-day toji, in terms of whether there were group-specific techniques or not, and/or in terms of their organization system.
- 平安時代に入り竹を加工する技術が確立されると、幅を一定にそろえやすい特徴から衣装を保管する箱として、四角く作られるようになった。
- When the technique of using bamboo materials was established in the Heian period, people made use of the characteristics of bamboo that is easy to process in constant width and began to made square baskets for a box to keep clothes.
- 技術者として勤務していたことで、「ライカ買おうか、家買おか」と言われた当時、高価なライカのカメラを買えるほど生活は安定していた。
- Since he worked as an engineer; his life was settled enough to buy an expensive camera from Leica in those days when people described it as saying, 'Let's get a Leica or house.'
- 「折れず、曲がらず、良く斬れる」の3要素を非常に高い次元で同時に実現させるため日本刀の製法には非常に高度な技術が集約されている。
- The manufacturing method of Japanese swords, a highly advanced technique at the time, strove to achieve three highly sought after qualities, 'Not to break, not to bend, and a razor sharp cutting edge.'
- 江戸期以前の日本には芸術家としての「画家」という概念が無く、絵画の専門家は絵を描く技能に長けた技能者あるいは職人と見なされていた。
- Japanese people did not use to have the concept of a painter as an artist in and before the Edo period, but they thought of a painting specialist as a technician or a craftsman who had excellent skills of painting.
- フェノロサは1890年に帰国後その初代日本部長となり、岡倉はその後を引き継いで1910年、ボストン美術館中国・日本美術部長となる。
- In 1890, Fenollosa, after returning to United States from Japan, was installed as the first head of the Japanese Art Division of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, and in 1910 Okakura succeeded him as head of the Oriental Division.
- そもそも陸軍に所属する火薬製造所で開発された、純度の高いアルコールを蒸留する技術が、アルコール飲料の開発に応用されるようになった。
- A technique to distill very pure alcohol originally developed at a gunpowder plant of the army utilized to develop alcoholic drinks.
- 活動弁士には映画の解説を行う際に話術が高く要求されるため、その優れた話術や構成力がそのままタレントなどとなっても活かせたのである。
- A high degree of conversational skill was necessary for katsudo benshi to narrate movies, and this conversational (and compositional) ability was useful for their new jobs, including those of entertainers.
- 技術的に困難であった砂張(さはり:銅・錫・鉛の合金)の製法を発見して多くの名品を残しており、歴代の中でも鋳物の名人として知られる。
- Joeki found a formula for making an alloy of copper, tin and lead which was technically very difficult, and among the successive heads of the Nakagawa family, he was recognized as the master of cast metal who left numerous fine works.
- 矢じりの形の手裏剣「鏢」(中国式ともいわれる)や、異常に重たい巨大な手裏剣も存在し、術者しだいで様々なものが「手裏剣」に変化する。
- Depending on the practitioner, various things can be used as 'shuriken,' such as the shuriken 'hyo' (also known as Chinese-style), which is shaped like an arrowhead, or unusually heavy and huge shuriken.
- それに伴って灘の職人が播州に出稼ぎに出て技術を伝えたことで、品質が向上したともいわれる(ブランドの詳細などは揖保乃糸を参照せよ)。
- Accordingly, it is said that skilled workers migrated from Nada to Banshu and transferred their techniques, thereby improving the quality (refer to Ibonoito for details of brand names).
- 旧日本陸軍の銃剣術は、現在は競技武道の銃剣道となり、陸上自衛隊で、戦後に制定された自衛隊銃剣格闘とともに戦技として訓練されている。
- The jukenjutsu of the former Japanese Army became jukendo (the martial art using the bayonet), which is a kind of Kyogi Budo (athletic martial arts) now and is performed as a training of combat techniques at the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) together with the Self-Defense Force 銃剣格闘 (bayonet drill and combat techniques).
- 明治末から大正にかけて、大日本武徳会が古武道を武道に、剣術を剣道に名称を変え、旧制中学校で剣道を教えたため剣道が一般にひろまった。
- Kendo spread among ordinary people during the period from the end of Meiji era to the Taisho era because Dainihon butoku kai changed the names of Kobudo and Kenjutsu to Budo (martial arts) and Kendo respectively and began to instruct Kendo at junior high schools under the old education system.
- 京都賞先端技術部門(きょうとしょうせんたんぎじゅつぶもん)は、京都賞の一部門であり、優れた業績を上げた科学者に与えられる賞である。
- The Kyoto Prize in the category of Advanced Technology is one of the categories of the Kyoto Prize, and is given to a scientist who achieved great results.
- 京都の場合、冷蔵技術が発達する前は若狭地方から運ばれる塩干物の塩鯖が貴重な海産物であり、この寿司が定着した(詳しくは鯖街道参照)。
- In Kyoto where salted mackerel, part of salted and dried marine products, brought from the Wakasa region was a valuable marine product before cold-storage technology was developed, this sushi was rooted (for details, refer to Saba-kaido Road (the highway used to transport fish such as 'saba' - mackerel - to Japan's ancient capital, Kyoto).
- また別に、金子有鄰の六郎家堅氏を師範として日本古式弓馬術協会(武田流鎌倉派)が結成され、弓馬軍礼武田家の道統を受継ぎ活動している。
- Besides, having Rokuroietaka from Yurin KANEKO as a Master, Japanese Traditional Archery on Horseback Association was established (Takeda-ryu Kamakura school) and they inherits and performs the tradition of Kyuba-gunrei Takeda family.
- 大師様が小豆粥を食する際に用いたと考えられた箸は、地方によっては講の後に魔除けや子女の学問・技術の向上のまじないなどに用いられた。
- In some regions, the chopsticks, which were believed to be the same as those used by Daishisama (the Great Teacher) when eating azuki-gayu, were used after the event as a charm against evil or as a charm for children's excellence in studies and skills.
- 放つ心・止める心・無の心(無我の境地、色即是空、我考える故我在り)・残す心・丹ずる心・錬る心について詳しくは弓道または弓術を参照。
- As for ho-shin, shi-shin, mu-shin (a state of mind free from delusion, shikisokuzeku - form is emptiness, matter is void, all is vanity, and I exist because I think), zan-shin, tan-shin and ren-shin, see the article of Kyudo (Japanese art of archery) or Kyujutsu (Japanese art of archery) for details.
- 以降は日本古来の武術、弓 (武器)の中でも長弓に分類される和弓を用いて矢を射る日本の弓術のことを述べ、またこれを指して弓術とする。
- Japanese Kyujutsu is the art of shooting a bow (Wakyu -Japanese bow classified as Chokyu, or long bow), and arrow.
- いっぽう産業振興よりも醸造技術の修得・向上が目的とされる全国新酒鑑評会は、賛否両論を浴びながらも現在に至るまで毎年春に行われている。
- On the other hand, Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai, which aims for the learning and progress of brewing techniques rather than industrial development, has been held every spring until now in spite of arguments for and against it.
- 庶民も夜店や出店の非日常を楽しみ、日本の祭り文化が人生を豊かにし、技術を持った商売人としての的屋も生活がなりたったと言う背景がある。
- This is part of the reason that as merchants with skills, tekiya were able to make a living from festivals which, with their special atmosphere of night stalls and shops, were enjoyed by the common people and enriched their culture of festival.
- 著者は不詳であるが、当時の伊丹における鴻池流の酒造技術について述べてあることから、その流派の杜氏が著したものとの見方がなされている。
- The writer has not been specified yet, but it is assumed that a sake brewing expert of Konoike school in Itami might have written the book because it contains descriptions about then-current sake brewing technology of the school.
- また日本刀は諸外国の刀剣類と異なり、外装品(拵え)とは別に刀身自体が美術的価値を発揮していることを以って最大の特徴である、と言える。
- Different from swords of other countries, the biggest feature of Japanese swords is that the body of blade itself has artistic value, aside from the fittings (Koshirae).
- 日本刀は、「武士の魂」、神器としての精神的、宗教的価値や美術的価値が重視される一方で、戦場ではそれほど活躍しなかったとする説がある。
- Japanese swords were 'the very soul of the samurai' and its mental and religious value as sacred treasures and artistic value were emphasized, but on the other hand, it is said that they didn't achieve much on the battlefields.
- そのため必然的に、日本から輸出される対象となるのが、吟醸酒に代表されるような日本の水や技術でしか作れない高級酒となっているわけである。
- Therefore, inevitably, the high grade sake such as ginjoshu which can be brewed only by water and techniques of Japan is exported from Japan.
- フードビジネスの世界ではワインにおけるソムリエのように、客の好みに合せたアドバイスを行い、食べ物との相性を知る為にも必要な技術である。
- In the food business, it is a skill much like that of wine sommeliers required for giving advice tailored to each customer's palate or exploring matching food.
- 現在演じられる形は清の時代に確立された形で、北方の北獅と南方の南獅の系統(中国武術家で伝承されその身体技法による)があり、競技もある。
- Established in the age of the Qing dynasty, the present performance styles of the Chinese lion dance are categorized into two, Northern style and Southern style, - the latter has been handed down in the communities of the practitioners of Chinese martial arts, and it is performed with their physical techniques - and there are dance competitions.
- 芸道論(げいどうろん)とは、平安時代から江戸時代あたりまでの和歌、能、華道、茶道、香道、武術などの道を究めるために書かれたものである。
- Treatises on Artistic Accomplishments were written records spanning the Heian period (794-1185) through to around the Edo period (1603-1868) relating to the pursuit of: Japanese traditional Waka poetry, Noh drama, flower arrangement (kado), tea ceremony (sado), incense ceremony (kodo), martial arts etc.
- また講道館柔道がブラジルへ伝わり、ブラジリアン柔術となったように、海外では講道館柔道や合気道等から新しい柔術流派が生まれることもある。
- And, as Kodokan judo was transformed into Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu in Brazil, so Kodokan judo, Aikido and the like are occasionally transformed into a new jujutsu school in foreign countries.
- しかし乱取が競技化したことにより (組み付いた状態での) 投げ技と寝技の乱取稽古に特化し、当身技や対武器の技術は形稽古のみで行われた。
- However, the style of randori (freestyle practice) was incorporated into the competition of judo, and judo became specialized in randori of throwing and ground grappling techniques (in a physical contact), while body-striking and counter-weapon techniques were used only in kata geiko (practice of 'kata' [pre-arranged forms of offense and defense]).
- この裁縫の教育の目的は、裁縫の専門家を育てるためではなく、また、女性が工場で裁縫の仕事ができるような技術を身につけるためでもなかった。
- The purpose of this hand-sewing class was neither to make them professional sewers nor to train them as tailors working in factories.
- また禅、密教や儒学と結びついた心法(心の持ち方、心に関する技術)や宗教的理念が身体技術と密接に結びついた形で伝承されている場合が多い。
- And there are many cases in which the method of the mind (how to control one's mind, or the techniques regarding the mind) and the religious philosophy attached to Zen, the Esoteric Buddhism, or Confucianism have been closely connected to the physical arts of kobudo and were handed down together.
- 文化財保護法は、無形文化財を「演劇、音楽、工芸技術その他の無形の文化的所産で我が国にとつて歴史上又は芸術上価値の高いもの」としている。
- The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties' stipulates that intangible cultural properties include 'performance, music, craft techniques and the like with particularly high historical or artistic value for Japan'.
- 日本の弓術がいつ頃『術』として体系化されたか、また起源など弓矢の始まりが先史時代という事もあり明確な資料に乏しく定かにはなっていない。
- It's not sure when Japanese Kyujutsu was systematized as a 'technique' not only because of the lack of clear records, but also partly because the use of the bow and arrow began in prehistoric times.
- そんな時に日本刀の「武士の魂」、神器としての精神的、宗教的価値や美術的価値がある意味現実的な力として求められたとしても不思議ではない。
- In such time, it is no wonder that 'the very soul of the samurai' of Japanese swords, the mental and religious value as sacred treasures and the artistic value are needed as realistic force, in a way.
- 帝室技芸員(ていしつぎげいん)は、明治23年(1890年)から終戦直後まで宮内省によって運営されていた、美術・工芸作家の顕彰制度である。
- Teishitsu Gigeiin was a system for honoring craftspeople and artisans, which had been operated by the Imperial Household Ministry since 1890 until right after the end of the war (World War II).
- 伝統的な剣術では片膝を床につく折敷という礼法であったものが、剣道になった際新たに爪先立ちで踵の上に尻を載せる礼法が制定されたものである。
- In traditional kenjutsu (swordplay), the proper posture called orishiki was executed by kneeling down with one knee next to the other foot, but in kendo, a new posture executed by raising heels with the buttocks on them was established.
- また、忍者の流派によっては忍術書に記述があることや、道具として僅かだが実物も残っているが、実際にどの程度の利用があったかは定かではない。
- Moreover, there is a description in some Ninjutsu-sho (book of Ninjutsu) and a few genuine arrows still remain, but it is not sure to what degree they were actually used.
- 青年時代に起倒流・柳生心眼流などの柔術を修めた後、1915年北海道開拓中に大東流合気柔術の武田惣角に入門、1922年教授代理を許された。
- Having studied jujutsu from the Kito-ryu school, Yagyushingan-ryu school, etc., in his youth, he later became a disciple of Sokaku TAKEDA of Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu (the Daito style of self-defense) during the development of Hokkaido in 1915, and was accepted as a substitute instructor in 1922.
- 出世魚の場合、学術的な用途で通常用いられる和名は、その魚のいくつかの呼び名のうちの一つで、多くの場合、その魚の成熟したときの名前である。
- In the case of Shusseuo, the Japanese name that is used for academic purposes is merely one of their names and frequently is the name used once they've matured.
- 古代において彼ら遊牧民族の騎射術が定住民族に及ぼした影響は大きいが、しかし常に移動を繰り返すために当時の彼らの実体は詳しく解っていない。
- In ancient times, equestrian peoples heavily influenced the techniques of settled people regarding kisha, however there is no detailed record of those equestrian peoples since they kept on moving from place to place to live and it was hard to keep a record of them.
- 江戸時代には加賀藩が大々的に製菓事業に対して奨励策を取った事から、金沢市では落雁の技術が進化しており、長生殿はこうした成果の一つである。
- In the Edo period, the Kaga Clan implemented extensive incentive measures for the confectionery business in its domain whereby, as a result, manufacturing techniques for rakugan has much progressed in Kanazawa City, and Choseiden (celebrated rakugan presently made in Kanazawa City) is one of the achievements of the time.
- 投げ、固めの技法から、当身技や武器術も含む技法を網羅した武道を目指したものが柔道であった (前期柔道として現代柔道と区別する者もいる)。
- Originally, judo aimed to be the martial art covering the techniques from throwing, grappling, body-striking, to weapon-handling; some call this the pre-modern judo to distinguish it from the modern judo.
- 武術としての柔術には、現代柔道、合気道、ブラジリアン柔術等は含まれないが、より明確に分けるために「古流柔術」と呼ぶ事もある(下に記す)。
- Jujutsu as the martial art does not include the modern judo, aikido, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and the like, so it is sometimes called 'koryu jujutsu' (the old-style jujutsu, mentioned below) to make a clear distinction between itself and these martial arts.
- 彼らは紀元前350年頃、日本に到着し、水田稲作の知識、銅武器と銅鐸の技術、ろくろで造られ、乾燥炉で焼かれた陶磁器の制作技術をもたらした。
- Yayoi men arrived in Japan around 350 B.C., and they introduced knowledge of wet-paddy rice cultivation, skills with copper arms and dptaku (a bell-shaped bronze vessel), and creative skills with ceramics that were made on the wheel and burnt in a dried burner.
- これにより平時において、瞬時に人を殺傷し得る能力を持った、武士に不可欠な日本刀と剣術とを組み合わせた様式は、この時代までには確立された。
- Eventually, a style combining the Japanese sword, which was an indispensible item for the samurai and had the potential ability to kill or wound persons instantly, and Kenjutsu was established around that time.
- その後、能・禅・連歌・茶道・俳諧など、中世・近世以来の日本の芸術文化に影響を与え続け、今日では一般的用語としても用いられるに至っている。
- After that it continued to affect Japanese artistic culture like Noh, Zen, Renga (linked verse), Sado (tea ceremony), Haikai (amusing and playful waka) in the medieval period and later and it is also used as a general word today.
- この解体は修理のためでもあったが、戦火を避けるために美術品だけでなく、建造物も貴重なものは解体して部材を疎開させようという意味もあった。
- This disassembling was not only to repair, but also to evacuate the art works and the precious buildings by disassembled into some components, from the damage by the war.
- 後に、薩摩武士らは海軍の要職を占めるが、この気質をもとにドイツ等で当時の最新の砲術兵器を学び一発でしとめる名手が海軍大将などを歴任した。
- Later, Satsuma warriors held important posts in the Navy, and based on this nature, experts to defeat at the first attempt who learned the latest gunnery weapons of the day in Germany or other countries succesively held the posts including Full Admiral.
- 特に2000年、世界保健機関(WHO)から蚊帳の増産とアフリカへの無償技術移転を依頼された住友化学はタンザニアに工場を二箇所建設している。
- Following a request by the World Health Organization (WHO) to increase mosquito net production and voluntary export of technology to Africa, Sumitomo Chemicals Co., Ltd. constructed two factories in Tanzania in the year 2000.
- ある流派では穏剣術と称し、その流派では背後からの攻撃などの不意打ちが多く、狙う所は首、喉元、胸、みぞおち、背骨(脊髄)など人体急所が多い。
- One school calls it the hidden sword technique, and the school practices attacking stealthily, attacking mainly the vital parts of the body such as the neck, throat, chest, the pit of the stomach, and the backbone (spinal cord).
- これらは江戸時代を通して「武芸,武術,兵法」等と呼ばれ、大正時代以降の近代では、明治以降に成立した流派も含めて武道という総称が用いられた。
- These were called 'bugei, bujutsu, hyoho,' etc. throughout the Edo period, and in modern times after the Taisho period, a generic name 'budo' was used to call them including schools established after the Meiji period.
- これは軍人かつ政治家として大成する常道的なコース(例えば豊臣秀吉)ではなく、ひとえに剣術の卓越によって禄と名声を得ることを目的としていた。
- Their aim was obtaining roku (stipend) and fame through their superior Kenjutsu skill, as opposed to success as a military man or a politician (like the case of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI).
- その後、合成繊維の開発が進み、伸縮性のある水着に適した生地が出現したことや、縫製技術も進歩したこともあり公式競技では褌は使われなくなった。
- Following this, fundoshi fell out of use at official competitions due to the appearance of flexible fabrics suitable for swimwear as a result of development of synthetic fibers, as well as due to development of sewing techniques.
- 柔術における残心は、拳は繰り出すスピードより早く引き戻す、相手を投げた後もバランスを崩さないなど次の攻撃の準備ができていることを意味する。
- Zan-shin in jujitsu (classical Japanese martial art, usually referring to fighting without a weapon) means the preparedness to make the next attack, such as pulling back the fist at the speed faster than that of landing a bow, and not losing balance even after throwing the opponent.
- 浮世絵と呼ばれる木版画が主要な芸術手段となり、浮世絵の技術は日刊新聞から教科書にいたるまで用途にぴたりとあった色彩豊かな作品を生み出した。
- The woodblock print called the Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) became the major artistic means, and skills of Ukiyoe created colorful paintings to exactly suit its purposes; from daily newspapers to textbooks.
- (蒲焼の誕生には、醤油・みりん・酒・砂糖などの甘み調味料の普及と同時に、生きたウナギをさばく技術がなければ完成しなかったといわれている。)
- (It is said that for the kabayaki to be born and to be completed in its current form, it was necessary for seasoning ingredients, such as soy sauce, mirin, rice wine and a sweetener, such as sugar, to be widely available, along with the technique to fillet live eels.)
- 1980年代半ば頃から落語協会、落語芸術協会共に所属する噺家の半数以上を真打が占めるようになり、制度としては形骸化しているとの意見もある。
- Since the mid 1980s, shinuchi have held more than half of the storytellers belonging to the Rakugo Kyokai Association and Rakugo Art Association, so some people say that it has lost substance as a system.
- 三井寺には、円珍が感得したとされる「黄不動」「新羅明神像」等の美術品の他、円珍の手による文書が他数残されており、日本美術史上も注目される。
- Arts, such as 'Kifudo painting' and 'Shinra Myojin zo', which inspired Enchin, and a lot of documents written by him remain in Mii-dera Temple, and they are regarded as important materials in the Japanese art history.
- 局長は後に国立博物館総長となる九鬼隆一であり、係官には近代日本美術史に大きな足跡を残した岡倉天心やアーネスト・フェノロサも名を連ねていた。
- The bureau's director was Ryuichi KUKI, who later became the president of the National Museum; the officials in charge included Tenshin OKAKURA and Ernest Francisco Fenollosa, who contributed significantly to modern Japanese art history.
- これら新技術の登場は、たしかにコスト削減には役立ったが、外硬内軟といった蒸し米の基本を踏んでいないために酒質はさらに低下せざるをえなかった。
- These new techniques actually contributed to decrease costs, but the quality of sake had to declined furthermore because they didn't go through a fundamental step using the steamed rice with its outside hard and inside soft.
- ケンタウロス族は粗暴で知恵がなく、また弓矢の技術は持たないが、ケイロンだけはアポロンから冷静さと知恵をアルテミスから弓矢を学んだといわれる。
- It is said that although the Centaurs family was rude, not intelligent, and had no technique of Yumiya, only Cheiron learned calmness and wisdom from Apollo and Yumiya from Artemis.
- さらに料理技術の発達と共に、「もてなし」が「手間をかける」ことに繋がり、現在の茶道や料亭文化にみられる様式を重視した「懐石」料理が完成した。
- With the development of cooking techniques, 'hospitality' came to mean 'devoting a great deal of time and effort', and 'kaiseki' ryori came to value highly those forms currently seen at sado or fancy Japanese-style restaurants.
- その為軽装備であり、その機動力を活かして馬を止めること無く前進、後退、右、左へと絶え間なく俊敏に動き回りながら弓矢で敵を攻撃する戦術をとる。
- Therefore, the soldiers were lightly outfitted and it make it easy for them to move, and they were able to constantly move forward, backward, to the right and left without stopping the horse to attack the enemy with the bows.
- これ以前にはいわゆる武士でなくとも成人男性が平素から帯刀していた習慣があったことは、日本人と剣術とのかかわりの深さを認識する上で重要である。
- The fact that Japanese adult males, including those who were not samurai, customarily wore a sword is an important factor in understanding the close relation between Japanese people and Kenjutsu.
- 子孫は尾張藩士として代々弓術の道統を継いだが、10代目の勘左衛門久則(明治39年〈1906年〉没)に嫡男がなく、富田常正が11代を継承した。
- His descendants passed on kyujutsu for generations as Owari feudal retainers, but the 10th-generation descendant, Kanzaemon Hisanori (deceased in 1906), had no legitimate son and so Tsunemasa TOMITA succeeded as the 11th-generation descendant.
- 天文年間(1532年-1555年)頃、立花の流派池坊を造形芸術にまで高めて、立花の体系化をはかり、池坊が立花界の主流となるきっかけを作った。
- During 1532 through 1555, he enhanced the Ikenobo School of tatebana to the level of art, systemized tatebana and laid the foundations of the Ikenobo School which later became the mainstream of the Tatebana world.
- こうした時代背景から、狩野探幽以降の狩野派は伝統の維持と御用絵師としての勢力保持にもっぱら努め、芸術的創造性を失っていったという見方もある。
- Given such an historical backdrop, it can be said that the Kanoha group after Tanyu KANO only tried to keep the tradition and maintain influence as official painters, and therefore lost its artistic drive.
- この詩の中で、越(華南)の商人が当時既に宝刀と呼ばれていた日本刀を日本まで買い付けに行くことやその外装や容貌などの美術的観点が歌われている。
- This poem describes a merchant of Yueh (South China) who goes to Japan to buy Japanese swords already being called treasure swords given their artistic qualities found in the fittings and appearance.
- 加えて彼らの、作品に対する価値観は従前の芸術性や商業性ではなく、いわゆる「おたく」文化という共通のサブカルチャーによるものを背景に持っている。
- In addition, their values in regard to their works are backed up by their common subculture, which is generally called 'otaku' (geek) culture, instead of the traditional artistry and commercialism.
- フェノロサが1882年に龍池会で行った講演『美術真説』で使った Japanese painting の翻訳が「日本画」という言葉の初出である。
- The word 'Nihon-ga' was adopted from the translation of the term 'Japanese painting' for the first time when Fenollosa gave his lecture on 'The New Theory of Art' at the Dragon Pond Society (Ryuchikai) in 1882.
- これによって平安時代中期から培われた僧坊酒の伝統は衰滅していき、のちに寺そのものが再建されても、もはや醸造技術が寺院に復活することはなかった。
- This caused a decline in the tradition of Soboshu since the middle of the Heian period, and brewing techniques never revived even after temples themselves were revived.
- 安土桃山時代に剣術の一部流派の打ち合い稽古のために袋竹刀が考案され、更に江戸時代になって防具の発達にともない割竹刀(わりじない)が考案された。
- In the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1558-1600), some kenjutsu, or sword fighting, schools began using bamboo swords covered with leather sleeves and called 'fukuro shinai' for sparring practice, and the Edo period (1603-1868), with the development of armor, saw the appearance of the 'warijinai' (split bamboo sword).
- 現代においては、近代以降の現代武道と区別して、主に明治以前に成立した現代武道以外の諸流派を現代から見て古武道や古流武術、古武術等と呼んでいる。
- In the present age, we distinguish gendai budo (modern martial arts) established after modern times from the schools except gendai budo established mainly before the Meiji period, and call the latter kobudo, koryubujutsu, kobujutsu, and so on from the viewpoint of the present.
- 日本へは、17世紀後半に明から渡来した陳元贇が伝え、その弟子たちが柔術の一種として日本の風土に合うものにつくり変えた、という伝承が有名である。
- In Japan, it is said that Chen Yuan-Yun from Ming brought it in the late 17th century and his disciples modified it to suit to the Japanese climate as a kind of Jujutsu.
- 京都賞思想・芸術部門(きょうとしょうしそう・げいじゅつぶもん)は、京都賞の一部門であり、優れた業績を上げた芸術家や思想家に与えられる賞である。
- The Kyoto Prize in the category of Arts and Philosophy is a prize awarded to an artist or philosopher for outstanding achievements in his or her respective field.
- 日本では昭和からの大規模な書道展の開催により、書道が近代芸術としての地位を確立したことから、その芸術作品としての創作方法も書の技法に加わった。
- In Japan, large-scale Shodo exhibitions were held since the Showa period which established Shodo's status as modern art, consequently a creative method as art work is added to Shodo technique.
- 徳川幕府が治める江戸時代に入ると、組織的宗教は人々の生活にはほとんど影響を及ぼすことはなくなり、残った美術は非宗教的なものがほとんどであった。
- During the Edo period governed by the Tokugawa shogunate, organized religions hardly influenced the life of people, and most of the remained arts were nonreligious arts.
- そして、エジプト美術、ナイル河畔の大壁画とピラミッドの大壁画を巡らしたエジプト室を南に抜けると、屋外のベランダから南庭の毛先庭が見下ろされた。
- And going through the Egyptian room decorated with Egyptian art and large wall painting s of the Nile and the Pyramids to the south, it was seen the Drosera garden of the south garden from the balcony outside.
- 写経は、印刷技術が発展していなかった時代には仏法を広めるため、またはひとつの寺院でも複数の僧侶で修行・講義・研究するために必要なことであった。
- Shakyo was necessary to spread Buddhism in a time when printing technology had not been developed, and it was also necessary for many priests in a single temple to conduct ascetic practice, to give lectures, and to conduct research.
- 緑茶は学術的には不発酵茶とほぼ同義であるが、日本で一般に緑茶といった場合、単に日本で最も多く作られている緑茶、すなわち煎茶(広義)を意味する。
- Green tea is almost synonymous with unfermented tea (不発酵茶) in scholarly classification, but in Japan it generally means Sencha (in a broad sense) simply, the green tea which is produced most often.
- ルネサンス期のイタリアではフェンシングの技術として、利き手でレイピア、逆の手でマインゴーシュを扱う技術があったが、防御専門であり用途は盾に近い。
- During the Renaissance in Italy, one of the fencing techniques was to use a rapier in a dominant hand and a main-gauche in the other hand, but the main-gauche was used only for defense, being handled like a shield.
- 盛平が「合気道」の名称を用い出したのは昭和23年(1948年)、合気会発足からである(それ以前は「合気武道」「大日本旭流柔術」等と称していた)。
- Morihei began using the name 'aikido' in 1948, since the establishment of Aikikai (prior to which he had used the names 'Aikibudo,' 'Dai Nippon Kyokuryu Jujutsu,' etc.).
- 盛平伝承の合気道は、剣杖など武器による武術を豊富に伝えていながら、古来の武術と一線を画して、万有愛護と宇宙の生成に寄与するためという意識が強い。
- Aikido, as handed down by Morihei, teaches many martial arts using weapons such as swords and cane staffs, but it draws its lineage from the ancient martial arts and has a strong sense of loving and protecting all things, as well as to contribution to the formation of the universe.
- 隠し武器としての使用法は、一般に広く伝わった物ではなく、柔術、剣術などの流派の奥、極意として伝わったため、名称や使用法は流派によって様々である。
- Its use as a camouflaged weapon was not widespread, but was passed down as a hidden, secret technique in judo (a Japanese art of self-defense), and swordplay among others, and therefore the names and usage vary according to the school.
- 騎射は弓術の中でも最高位のものとされ、弓が戦場での主戦力でなくなって以降、泰平の江戸時代に置いても武士の表芸としてその位置付けは変わらなかった。
- Kisha was considered to be of the highest rank among archery, and it was still considered as the same as a Samurai's profession during the time of quiet in Edo period even though archery was no longer the main weapon in battle.
- 受賞者の多くは、続けて日本芸術院会員に推されるが、中には推されるまで十年近くかかる人、推される前に亡くなる人、遂に推されずに終わる人などもいる。
- Subsequent to receiving the award, the winners often gain the nomination for enrollment to the Academy's membership but, in the case of one of the winners, nearly 10 years went by before the nomination was received while in the case of the other winner, the nomination finally came after that person had passed away and, still, for some of them, it never came.
- 彼の、大東流合気柔術を骨子に創始した武術「武産合気 (植芝流)」が一般に広く普及(植芝は普及には否定的だったともいわれるが)した現代武道である。
- His martial art called 'Takemusu Aiki (Ueshiba school),' whose core techniques originated from Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu, spread to the public - though Ueshiba himself is said to have been unwilling to spread it - and evolved into the modern martial art called aikido.
- 三島流舟戦法を学び、18歳のとき故郷を出て諸国を回り安盛流、中島流、遠国流、禁伝流等の砲術を学び、橋爪廻新斎流合武伝法、甲州、越後の兵学を得た。
- After learning the naval battle tactics of Santo school, he left his hometown at the age of 18 and traveled around the country to learn the art of gunnery of various schools such as the Asaka, Nakajima, Ongoku, and Kinden; he mastered Hashizume Kaishinsai school Gobu-denpo (橋爪廻新斎流合武伝法), and military science in Koshu and Echigo.
- また戦国時代の築城は城壁に纏わる土木・組石造などの技術が培い、その後の江戸時代のとび職の祖となった曳き屋業や土手人足などの土木技術の礎となった。
- Also, castle construction during the Sengoku period developed techniques such as civil engineering and masonry construction related to castle walls and these techniques formed the foundation for the civil engineering techniques of hikiya gyo or dote ninsoku, who later became scaffolding men during the Edo period.
- 「くのいちの術」と言って女性を使った忍術は存在するが、忍者を題材にした映像作品や漫画作品などで登場するような女忍者は存在しなかったとも言われる。
- Although there are some ninjutsu using female ninja called 'the art of Kunoichi', it is said that female ninja who appears in video picture or comic didn't exist.
- 仏教の影響を受けた神仏習合の色が濃いものとしては土着の祖霊信仰や言霊の呪術性を帯びた念仏踊りを取り入れた盆踊りがあり、習合した盂蘭盆会に繋がる。
- As a matsuri influenced by Buddhism and having a strong character of syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, Bon Festival Dance incorporating a native ancestor worship or nenbutsu-odori dance (a dance with an invocation to the Buddha) with a magic of kotodama (soul or power of language) is named, and is conductive to Urabon-e Festival (a Festival of the Dead or Buddhist All Souls' day, around July or August 15, depending on local customs) syncretized.
- しかし、明治の初めの西洋数学導入は、技術を支える道具の輸入という面が強く、初期の「洋算家」には技術者など数学の専門家とは言えないものも多かった。
- However, the introduction of western mathematics at the beginning of the Meiji period emphasized the importation of technical tools from the west, and as such, the early 'yosan mathematicians' were technicians, rather than experts of mathematics.
- 馬庭念流宗家の樋口家に伝わる『樋口家文書』や間光延が著わした『剣術系図』によれば、慈恩には板東8名、京6名、計14名の優れた門弟があったとした。
- According to 'Higuchi ke Bunsho' (the Higuchi family's document) handed down in the Higuchi family, the head family of Maniwanen-ryu school, and 'Kenjutsu Keizu' (the histories of swordsmen) written by Mitsunobu HAZAMA, Jion had the total of 14 excellent disciples, 8 of whom were in Bando (present-day the Kanto region), and 6 of whom were in Kyoto.
- 以上のように、鬼門は本来呪術的な意味を持つ言葉であるが、転じて「よくない結果が起こりやすい事柄」に対してこの言葉が用いられるようになっていった。
- As mentioned above, the word kimon originally had a magical meaning, but it came to be used as a word referring to 'something that is likely to have an unpleasant result.'
- 家元の存在する分野としては、各種の武術・武道、江戸期の公家家職に由来する有職故実・礼式の類、華道、茶道、書道、盆庭、能、邦楽、日本舞踊などがある。
- Iemoto exist in fields including various martial arts, practices and etiquette of the court or military households originating from Edo period court nobility professions, flower arranging, tea ceremony, calligraphy, bontei (tray gardening), noh, traditional Japanese music, and Classical Japanese dance.
- 室町時代には日明貿易によって引き続き中国文化が持ち込まれ、この時期に輸入された織物や陶器、書画などは、現代に残る伝統工芸品の技術に流れ込んでいる。
- In the Muromachi period, Chinese culture continued to be brought in by the trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty in China, and textiles, earthenware, and calligraphic works and paintings which were imported during this time fed into techniques of traditional crafts remaining in the modern age.
- 逆に便器のトップシェア2社は、エレクトロニクス制御技術や陶器以外の新素材導入では家電品メーカーに水を空けられており、温水洗浄便座では苦戦している。
- In contrast, the two top share companies of the toilet basin fall behind the household appliance manufacturers in the introduction of new materials except for the technology of electronics control or pottery and the two have a tough time in the market of onsui senjo benza.
- 『古事記』などに「こと」を弾く場面がしばしば登場するように、本来「こと」は古くから日本に存在しており、呪術用の楽器として使用された様子がみられる。
- As shown in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), in which the scene of playing the 'koto' frequently appears, 'Koto' has existed in Japan since ancient times, apparently used as a musical instrument for witching purposes.
- 世界各地に残る原始宗教において弓矢や吹き矢は狩りの道具であるとともに酋長などが兼任する、祈祷師(シャーマン)の祈祷や占い、呪術などの道具でもある。
- In the existing primitive religions in various parts of the world, Yumiya and blowguns were not only a tool for hunting, but also a tool for praying, fortune-telling, magic and so on performed by a shaman who was the same as a chief.
- この裁縫の教育の目的は、女性が家庭で自身や家族の衣服の裁縫ができるように、女性に和裁としての裁縫の基本的な技術を教えることであり、強く奨励された。
- The purpose of this hand-sewing class was to teach them basic Japanese hand-sewing so they can sew clothes for themselves and their families, which was encouraged in those days.
- ただし大日本帝国陸軍では警察での剣術推奨の方針とは異なり、にフランス陸軍より教官を招聘し、日本の伝統的な剣術を廃してフェンシングを訓練させている。
- Unlike the policy of police, however, the Japanese Imperial Army abolished Japanese traditional Kenjutsu and instead introduced fencing by inviting instructors from the French Army.
- しかし第二次世界大戦当時の日本では東南アジア方面のゴム資源が得られにくくなっており、合成樹脂の大量生産は技術的にも経済的にも確立されていなかった。
- During the World War II, however, Japan experienced the difficulty in procuring rubber from Southeast Asia and in mass-producing synthetic resin both technologically and economically.
- しかし書道をはじめとして絵画や彫刻など、日本美術史において日本風が顕著になった平安時代中期から後期にかけての作品に対して広く用いられる用語である。
- In fact, 'Wayo' is extensively used for the works including calligraphy, paintings and sculptures produced in the mid to the late Heian period, when the Japanese style became prominent for the first time in the Japanese art history.
- つまり、律令体制下の仏教で国家の庇護を受けて仏教の研究を行い、宗教上の実践行為は鎮護国家という理念の下で呪術的な祈祷を行う程度であったといわれる。
- In other words, they were the Buddhism under the Ritsuryo system; the priests of these sects were just scholars studying Buddhism under the protection of the nation, and as for actual religious activity, they just performed some magical prayers for the idea of Chingo-Kokka (guarding the nation by Buddhism).
- 文化財の保存のために欠くことのできない材料製作、修理、修復などの伝統的な技術は、文化財には該当しないが、文化財保護法による保護の対象となっている。
- Although the material production, repair, restoration and traditional skills indispensable for the preservation of cultural properties aren't 'cultural properties,' they are within the scope of protection under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
- 衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術及びこれらに用いられる衣類、器具、家屋その他の物件は民俗文化財と定義されている。
- Folk cultural properties are defined as being the folk customs, public entertainments and traditional skills, and the associated costumes, tools and stages related to the indispensables such as foods, clothing, housings, livelihoods, beliefs and annual events.
- 一説には毬が羽に変化したのは、紐や羽のついた分銅を蹴る武術や舞や遊びが中国から伝わり、日本の毬杖と渾然一体となり現在の羽根突きになったとも言われる。
- One theory says that the reason why Gi was replaced by Hane was that the martial art, dance or game of kicking a laced or fletched weight was imported from China, and was blended together with Gi-Cho in Japan, and then present-day Hanetsuki was formed.
- また高度な技術ではあるが、上下の長さの差から来る弓の上下の反発力の違いを利用し、矢の飛び方に変化(飛距離を出す、鋭く飛ばす、等)を付ける事が出来る。
- Although advanced in skill, one could use the difference in the reflection of upper and lower body of the bow, and control the way arrows are shot (give more flight distance, fly it straight, etc.).
- その背景には武術家盛平の強さに関して超人的なエピソードが幾つも伝わっており、それが多くの合気道家に事実として信じられていることが大きく作用している。
- Serving as a strong background was the fact that many anecdotes describing superhuman feats were told in regard to the martial artist Morihei and his strengths, and these anecdotes were taken as facts by many aikido practitioners.
- 一般的に、明治時代に全く新しい柔道が現れて、古い柔術と対決して柔術側を打ち負かし、柔術が衰退していったと言う形で語られるが、これはやや不正確である。
- It is generally said that judo, which was freshly born in the Meiji period, confronted, defeated and drove off the old jujutsu, but this is a little inaccurate.
- 古流柔術が更に衰退した原因として、その後の第二次大戦と敗戦の影響により稽古が行われなくなったり、また多くの継承者が戦争で亡くなったことがあげられる。
- Koryu jujutsu went further into decline firstly because the practice was halted owing to World War Ⅱ and Japan's defeat in the war, and secondly because many jujutsu successors were killed in the war.
- 古賀メロディーについては、初期、クラシックの正統派・東京芸大出身の藤山一郎(声楽家増永丈夫)の声楽技術を正統に解釈したクルーン唱法で一世を風靡した。
- At first, the Koga Melodies became very popular, sung with a technique called crooning based on the strict interpretation of the vocal technique of Ichiro FUJIYAMA (vocalist Takeo MASUNAGA), an orthodox classical singer who graduated from the Tokyo University of the Arts.
- 武士が戦うための技芸であった武芸,兵法を基に、室町時代の終わり頃から剣術や柔術、槍術、弓術、砲術などがそれぞれ様々な流派として技術化、体系化された。
- Based on bugei (a military art) or hyoho (an art of warfare) which had been a practical art for samurai (warriors) to fight with, since around the end of the Muromachi period, kenjutsu (swordplay), jujutsu (classical Japanese martial art, usually referring to fighting without a weapon), sojutsu (the art of spearmanship), kyujutsu (the art of Japanese archery), hojutsu (gunnery), etc. have been evolved technically and systematized as various schools respectively.
- 介者剣術と呼ばれ、深く腰を落とした姿勢から目・首・脇の下・金的・内腿・手首といった、装甲の隙間となっている部位を突斬りで狙うようなスタイルであった。
- It was called Kaisha Kenjutsu and samurai involved tried to stab and cut, while in a bent-over posture, locations of gaps in armor such as the eyes, the neck, the armpit, kin-teki, the inner thigh and the wrists.
- 根来のみは織田信長・豊臣秀吉による紀州攻めの影響で安土桃山時代期以降衰退したが、国友・日野・堺はその後も鉄砲の生産地として栄え、高い技術力を誇った。
- Only Negoro-ji Temple declined after the Azuchi-Momoyama period because of the influence of Siege of Kishu by Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, but even after that, Kunitomo, Hino and Sakai flourished as production areas for guns and they were proud of their high technical capabilities.
- これは伝承砲術によっているものであるが、日本では幕末明治維新期に兵制・武器の西欧化が急速に行われたため、流派の直接伝承はすべていったん途絶えている。
- They did it following traditional gunnery, but in Japan, during the Meiji Restoration, the military conscription and weapons were rapidly westernized and thus all the direct handing down of the school stopped.
- また、アメリカ合衆国のボストン美術館には12世紀の普賢延命菩薩像が収蔵されており、3頭1体の象が菩薩を支えることから台密系の菩薩であることがわかる。
- There is a statue of Fugen Enmei Bosatsu of the twelfth century in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, of the United States of America, which is a Bosatsu of Taimitsu (esoteric Buddhism of the Japanese Tendai sect) because it is supported by an elephant with three heads.
- その内容は、密教で行われてきた梵字の呪術的解釈を排し、梵語の文法を研究して、梵文で書かれた仏教教典の原典の内容を正しく読解しようとするものであった。
- In this book, he rejected the magical interpretation of Sanskrit which was prevalent in the world of Esoteric Buddhism and tried to correctly understand the contents of the original Buddhist scriptures written in Sanskrit, by studying Sanskrit grammar.
- JICAによると、エンザロ・ジコ以外にも同機構の技術協力プロジェクトの派遣先にて日本式竈を現地にある材料で使いながら伝える活動が行われていると言う。
- According to JICA, besides Enzaro Jiko, staff at other places where technical cooperation projects are being conducted have been introducing Japanese-style kamado, using materials available in the local area.
- 昭和5年(1930年)には縦型精米機の登場などによって精米技術が飛躍的に発達し、吟醸酒を造るのに欠かせない高い精米歩合が容易に実現されるようになった。
- The rice polishing technique was rapidly developed such as an appearance of a vertical-type rice-milling machine in 1930, and the high ratio in rice polishing which was necessary for brewing ginjoshu became possible easily.
- やがて芸術音楽として確立されるに従い、地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽は独自の楽曲を持つようになり、合奏されることのない、それぞれ独立した別個の音楽として成立した。
- As they were being established as art music, jiuta, so-kyoku and kokyu-gaku each came to retain their own musical composition; each of them became established as a different genre of music.
- 弓矢の技術を高める場所は的場・弓場・射場といい、的屋(まとや)が営む、懸け物の遊技の場所を関西方面では楊弓場といい、関東方面では矢場という傾向にある。
- The place of improving Yumiya skills is called matoba, yumiba and shaba, and the place for gambling, managed by matoya, tends to be called yokyuba in the Kansai region while it is called yaba in the Kanto region.
- 柔道 (特に現代柔道)、合気道が世に出、全国に普及して以降、これらと区別するため、日本古来の柔術を「古流柔術」という表現を用いて区別するようになった。
- From when judo (especially, the modern judo) and aikido emerged and became popular nationwide, the jujutsu handed down from its origin began to be called 'koryu jujutsu' to make a distinction between itself and the two.
- 誰が発明したかはともかく、寿司に酢が使われ、酢の醸造技術も進んできて、いよいよ発酵を待たずに酢で酸味を得て食する寿司、「早寿司」が誕生することになる。
- Regardless of who invented sushi, as a result of using vinegar in making sushi, and the advancement in technology of brewing vinegar, sushi which was acidulated with vinegar without waiting for fermentation, so-called 'Haya-zushi,' came into being.
- 指定にあたっては、たとえば「人形浄瑠璃文楽」「能楽」のような芸能、「備前焼」「彫金」のような工芸技術といった無形の「わざ」を重要無形文化財に指定する。
- Intangible skills such as performing art including 'ningyojoruri' (Japanese traditional puppet show) and 'nogaku' (classical Japanese musical drama) or technique of arts and crafts including 'bizen yaki' (Japanese pottery produced in Okayama Prefecture) and 'chokin' (metalworking technique) are designated as important intangible cultural properties.
- しかし、関流算術を学んだ久留米藩主・有馬頼ゆきは1769年に出版した著書『拾璣算法』において関流の秘伝を公開し、和算文化の向上に大きな貢献を果たした。
- Yoriyuki ARIMA, lord of the Kurume Domain who learned arithmetic of the Seki school, revealed the mathematical secrets taught in Seki school in his 'Shuki Sanpo,' published in 1769, and contributed greatly to the advancement of wasan culture.
- エドヒガンやヤマザクラ、オオシマザクラなどは比較的に変性を起こしやすい種であり、このため、園芸技術の発達に伴ってこれらを用いた品種改良が多く行われた。
- There are relatively easily denatured kinds such as Edohigan, Yamazakura, Oshimazakura, which were therefore used often for improvements of species, along with the development of horticultural technology.
- 考古学者の濱田青陵(濱田耕作)は大正15年(1926年)、『仏教芸術』誌上に「百済観音像」を発表し、後に発表した随筆集に『百済観音』という題を付けた。
- In 1926, an archaeologist called Seiryo HAMADA (Kosaku HAMADA) presented 'Kudara Kannon-zo' (Statue of Kudara Kannon) on a journal titled 'Buddhist Art', and gave the title 'Kudara Kannon' to the collection of essays which was later presented.
- 同時に、香席に飾られたり、手前に使用する道具は美術的要素が高く(香道の道具)、組香(組香)の記録紙には書道の要素が加わることなど、総合芸術といわれる。
- Incense burning is regarded as a comprehensive art form because instruments decorated at the Ko-seki (incense ceremony) or used during procedures for burning Koboku have many artistic elements (see 'Accessories used for incense burning' below), and recording paper used in Kumiko (incense combinations; see 'Kumiko' below) have calligraphic elements.
- 弥生時代には現在の和弓の原形(長尺・上長下短:後述)が現れ戦争に使用される等、何らかの射術技法があったと推察する事も可能だが、やはり詳細は不明である。
- It is possible that in the Yayoi Period a technique existed for shooting a bow and arrow which was the original present day Wakyu (long bow with long upper half and short lower half - mentioned below) used in battle, but the details are not known.
- また、日用品も、現代では多くが大企業の工場で作られるようになったが、その技術も、古くから培われてきた伝統工芸品の技術を応用して生産されているものが多い。
- Although many daily necessities came to be produced at plants of major companies presently, to the technique of production, the technique of traditional crafts accumulated from old times is often applied.
- しかし江戸時代後期、灘五郷において水車を使う大規模で高度な精米技術が生まれ、そのため灘は産する酒の質においても先発であった伊丹や池田を凌駕するに至った。
- However in the late Edo period, a high-grade rice polishing technique was devised in Nada-Gogo, which enabled large-scale polishing with a waterwheel, and the technique pushed Nada above Itami and Ikeda (the advanced sake producing districts) in terms of sake quality.
- この説は前掲の「物忘れがひどくなる」という話とともに、民話「みょうが宿」から一般化し、人口に膾炙(かいしゃ)するようになったもので、学術的な根拠はない。
- Although this story, together with the above story of losing the ability to remember, has become popular as folklore called 'Myoga-yado,' the authenticity has not been proved academically.
- これは高度な型染め技術を用いて一つの型紙で黄色や赤、緑などの多色使いの鮮やかな文様を描く染物で、本土でも袋物などの生地として珍重されるなど人気を博した。
- It is a dyeing technique of drawing a colorful pattern with multiple colors such as yellow, red, and green using a single pattern paper by an advanced technique of dyeing with patterns, and it became so popular in the mainland that it was used to make pouches and the like.
- 少林寺拳法は宗が戦前から戦中にかけて中国で特務機関の活動をしている際に学んだ各種の中国拳法に幼少のころ学んだ日本の柔術を加味し創始した日本の武道である。
- Shorinji kenpo is a Japanese martial art developed and established by SO based on various Chinese martial arts which he learned when he stayed in China to work for the secret military agency before and during the war, adding Japanese Jujutsu, which he had learned when he was a child.
- どんな相手でも相手があって初めて技術の向上が出来ることや相手から自身が学べたり初心に帰る事など、相互扶助であるという認識を常に忘れない心の緊張でもある。
- It is also tension of mind for always remembering to acknowledge mutual aid, so as to improve his or her own techniques, understand oneslf, or reset oneself, owing to the presence of the opponent of any kind.
- 戦後の農業革新の過程で、戦前~戦時の遺産(畑地や醸造技術など)を生かして、生産に適した地域ではある程度の規模をもったワイン醸造が民生用として再開された。
- In the course of the agricultural innovation after the war, taking advantage of pre-war and wartime heritage (such as the fields and fermentation technique), the winemaking on a certain scale was resumed for consumer use in the regions suitable for grape-growing.
- 美術史家の秋山光和は、作画技法の検討によりA類(27面)、B類(18面)、C類(9面)、さらにB類とC類の複合的な技法によるもの(5面)に分類している。
- Hidekazu AKIYAMA, an art historian, classifies the Ogi-e into Class A (27 faces), Class B (18 faces), Class C (9 faces) and a combination of Classes B and C (5 faces), based on consideration of the painting techniques.
- その内容は、インド占星術(ギリシャ由来の西洋占星術とインド古来の月占星術が習合したもの)、道教由来の天体神信仰、陰陽五行説等が習合した雑多なものである。
- It is a synchronization of the Indian astrology (syncretization of Western astrology originated from Greece and moon astrology originated from India), the faith of heavenly body's god originated from Taoism, The Theory of Five Elements in Yin-Yang and so on.
- 本項では現代武道としての弓道の母体となった、日本古来の弓射技術・文化を指して「弓術」とし、明治維新までを中軸とした一部弓道改称時点までの事情を記述する。
- In this section, we call the Japanese ancient technique and culture of Yumiire, (the basis of Kyudo becoming a modern martial art), 'Kyujutsu,' and describe the situation mainly before the Meiji Restoration and before the Kyujutsu schools changed the name to Kyudo.
- 岩絵具は、2回目ははじいてうまくつかないことが多いが、そのような場合は溶いた絵具にハッカ油かゴマ油を一滴落とすという手法が存在するが、熟練の技術を要する。
- With mineral colors the color is often repelled on the second coat and does not settle on the paper, however in this case adding a drop of mint oil or sesame oil to the dissolved color may be helpful, but this requires great skill.
- その造りには高度な醸造技術を要することから、蔵人たちの修業研鑽のために、また全国新酒鑑評会への出品酒とするために、ごく限られた量だけ実験的に造られていた。
- Since it needed a high brewing technique, a limited amount of it was brewed experimentally for education of kurabito or submitted for Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai.
- しかし、美味しい寿司が握れる職人になるには、市場で生鮮魚類を見極める力や、多様な魚の旬を知って脂が乗る時季は薄く切る、などの知識や経験、技術が必要である。
- However, to become a sushi chef who makes good sushi, an ability to distinguish fresh fish at a market, knowledge, experiences and techniques such as slicing fish more thinly when fish are fatty based on the knowledge about season of various kinds of fish, and so on are required.
- 戦前は「忍術使い」といった呼称が一般的だったが、戦後は村山知義、白土三平、司馬遼太郎らの作品を通して、「忍者」「忍びの者」「忍び」という呼称が一般化した。
- Before the war, their general name was 'Ninjutsu-tsukai (master of ninjutsu)', but after the war, they were generally called 'Ninja', 'Shinobi no mono', 'Shinobi' through the works of Tomoyoshi MURAYAMA, Sanpei SHIRATO and Ryotaro SHIBA.
- 麻布に描かれたものはまれであるが、正倉院宝物の菩薩像や東大寺伝来の釈迦霊鷲山説法図(ボストン美術館蔵)のような奈良時代の作品には麻布に描かれたものがある。
- Although the use of hemp cloth as a canvass media was quite rare, there were several pictures on hemp cloth in Nara period: The statue of Bosatsu of the Shoso-in treasures and Shaka Ryojusen seppo zu (Shakamuni Preaching on Mt. Ryojusen, currently in the possession of the Museum of Fine Arts, in Boston) was originally located in the Todai-ji Temple.
- 1900年、本願寺よりヨーロッパにおける政教調査のためロンドン派遣の命を受け、大英博物館やヴィクトリアアルバート美術館にて仏教美術研究の最新動向に触れた。
- In 1900, he was ordered by Hongan-ji Temple to go to London for a survey of religion and politics in Europe, and he came into contact with the latest trends in Buddhist art investigation at the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
- 応仁の乱の戦火を逃れて避難していた職人たちは、乱が終わると両軍の本陣の跡地である東陣・西陣に帰還し諸国で習い覚えた明などの新技術も加えて京織物を再興した。
- After the Onin War, weavers who had been evacuated to other places returned to the headquarters of both Nishijin (west camp) and Higashijin (east camp), and revived Kyoto textiles, employing new techniques which they had learned at various provinces, and some of them were introduced from the Ming Empire.
- また、文部科学大臣は、風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術などの無形の民俗文化財のうち特に重要なものを重要無形民俗文化財に指定することができる(第78条第1項)。
- Among the intangible folk cultural properties (such as folk customs, public entertainments and traditional skills), the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology can designate the ones judged to be especially important as 'important intangible folk cultural properties' (Article 78, Clause 1).
- 四季醸造は昭和になって工業技術と空調設備によって復活したが、日本酒醪などいくつかの工程において、酵母に効果的な活動をうながすために低温であることが望ましい。
- Shikijozo was revived in Showa period with the use of industrial techniques and ventilation systems, but unrefined sake and other processes require low temperatures to encourage effective yeast activity.
- 古武道(こぶどう)(古流武術、古武術等もほぼ同義)とは、日本の伝統的な、徒手もしくは鈍器や刃物、火器などの武器による闘いのための技術を体系化したものの総称。
- Kobudo is a generic name which refers to the systematized Japanese traditional martial arts to fight without arms or with arms like dull weapons, cutting tools, firearms, and so on (kobudo is sometimes called koryubujutsu, kobujutsu, etc. which have almost the same meaning as kobudo).
- 理由は、「術」という名は技術の上達のみに終始し、「礼儀」は無用と考えることになるのでよくなく、「武」は技術でないという観念を明確にするため、であったという。
- The reason was said to be that the term 'jutsu' was not suitable because it focused on only progress of the arts and was likely to result in the idea that 'courtesy' was unnecessary, and that 'do' had to be used to clarify the concept that 'bu' was not an art.
- さらに江戸幕府及び西南雄藩では独自にイギリス、フランスの教練書を翻訳し、銃器や戦術の進歩に対応した『英国歩兵練法』『佛蘭西歩兵操練書』等の教練書を作成した。
- The Edo shogunate and the southwest strong domains translated the English and the French military drill handbooks independently and published them as 'Eikoku hohei renpo' (英国歩兵練法) (English-style training method for infantry) or 'Furansu hohei sorensho' (French-style infantry training text), which responded to the progress of small arms and military strategy.
- しかし、これらは後世に科学技術の進歩を強調するための「たとえ話」として語られたものであり、実際にはこの作業を1発ごとに行う必要はなく、数発に一度行えばよい。
- However, these were told as 'parables' to emphasize the advancement of science technology in future generations and in fact it is not necessary for these tasks to be done for each shot, but for every few shots.
- 日本の弓術は独自の発展を遂げ、ヨーロッパでの短弓を用いる技術体系を元に成立した現代スポーツのアーチェリー等とは全く異なり、日本独特の技法・文化・歴史を持つ。
- Japanese Kyujutsu developed independently and has its own technique, culture, and history, and is totally different from modern sports like archery, based upon Tankyu (short bow) from Europe.
- 手裏剣の術は、時には武芸十八般に含まれることもあるが、剣術などと異なり、毒を使った暗殺に使えるため、あまり表立って行う武芸としての隆盛を見たものではなかった。
- The technique of using shuriken is sometimes included in the Bugei Juhappan (18 skills of martial arts), but unlike swordplay, it could be used for assassination using poison, and thus did not prosper much as a military art performed openly.
- - 道具塚とは普段使っている生活道具が使用できない状態になったとき感謝を込めて埋めたり、様々な職業の道具を埋め感謝しその職の技術の向上を祈願して建てられた塚。
- - Dogu zuka (grave for tool) is a mound erected to bury old worn tools used in daily life and tools used in various professions in appreciation of their many years of service as well as to pray for improving skills in one's work.
- 近年の研究では、身体能力に優れ、厳しい規律に律された諜報集団という面の他に、優れた動植物の知識や化学の知識を持つ技術者集団としての一面も持つことが判っている。
- A recent study shows that ninja was a group of engineers who had abundant knowledge of animals and plants, and chemistry as well as a group of intelligence agents who had great physical ability and were strictly disciplined.
- なお術の名称については中国では、片刃の刀と両刃(諸刃)の剣が明確に別の武器であると認識されているが、日本では刀と剣の認識が混ざってしまい曖昧となってしまった。
- Concerning the name of this martial art, single edged swords 'katana' (刀) and double edged swords 'tsurugi' (剣) were clearly distinguished in China while their distinction was ambiguous in Japan.
- 20世紀の初頭、日本統治時代 (台湾)が50年間続いた台湾には、和菓子の製造技術も伝えられたため、現在も地元の菓子店で草餅、最中、羊羹などの製造が行われている。
- In the beginning of the 20th century, the production techniques of Japanese sweets were brought into Taiwan, which was governed by Japan for fifty years, and therefore kusa mochi (rice-flour dumplings mixed with mugwort), monaka, and yokan are still produced in local confectioneries.
- これに対して、木樽造りは長い伝統的実績を経た醸造技術であり、それが生み出す日本酒香りもまた日本酒の魅力であるとする酒蔵が、平成時代になって木樽造りを復活させた。
- Compared to this, sake breweries which thought that wooden barrel brewing was a traditional brewing method and that the flavor of sake brewed in it was also attractive, revived wooden barrel brewing in the Heisei period.
- これは、特定の主題のもとに複数の吟目が組み合わされ、ナレーションやバックグラウンドミュージック、舞台照明といった演出にも工夫が凝らされる総合的な舞台芸術である。
- It is a comprehensive theatrical art where several repertoires are combined under the specific theme and the renditions such as narration, background music and stage lighting are also elaborated.
- 介錯人については、首を一刀で切り落とすのは剣術に長けた者でないと勤まらず、下手な者の介錯ではしくじっては何度も切腹人を斬りつけるという無様な事態になりかねない。
- Because of the precision necessary in order to remove the head in one cut, the kaishakunin had to be a skilled swordsman, as an unskilled kaishakunin could easily require several strikes in order to sever the neck.
- また的屋においても昭和初期まで奇術や手品を使い、客寄せをする者も多く存在し、「がまの油売り」が演じる「真剣を使って腕を切る」芸のカラクリにその片鱗が見て取れる。
- Tekiya also used magic shows until the early Showa Period and many used tricks such as the 'cutting the arm with a sword' seen in the 'gama no abura uri' performance to bring in customers.
- 今日では北海道音威子府村から沖縄県与那国町まで、日本の全ての地域に製造業者が存在するが、言い換えればそれほど高度な技術や多額な資本投下無しに製造できる証である。
- Today miso manufacturers are in all parts of Japan, from Otoineppu-mura in Hokkaido to Yonaguni-cho in Okinawa Prefecture; it proves that miso can be produced without high technology or large capital.
- また、チンギス・カンはモンゴル弓を用いた弓騎兵を擁し、他の遊牧国家と同様の戦術で巨大なモンゴル帝国を築きあげ、全盛期には中国大陸からヨーロッパにまで領土を広げた。
- Genghis Khan commanded archery cavalry using Mongolian bows, and he established the huge Mongolian Empire by using the same tactics as other nomadic nations, also they extended their land from the Chinese continent to Europe in their golden age.
- 大正3年、警視総監の西久保弘道は、警察訓練所での講話『武道講話』(警察協会北海道支部 1915年)において武術の名称を「術」でなく「道」でなければならないとした。
- In 1914, when Hiromichi NISHIKUBO, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Commissioner, delivered a lecture at the Police Training Center ('Budo Kowa' (The Lecture On Martial Arts), the Hokkaido Branch of the Police Association, 1915), he told that 'jutsu' (術, which means arts) in the name of bujutsu must be changed into 'do' (道, which means way).
- 活躍のできる場を失った忍者達はその後、農業や警察関係(警察官)の職業、火術の特技を活かして花火師や、薬の知識を活かして医師や薬剤師など、新たな職に就いたとされる。
- It is said that after ninja lost the scene of their activities, they got new jobs such as farmers, policemen, pyrotechnicians with special skills of using fire, doctors or pharmacists with knowledge of medicine.
- 五明とは、声明(音韻学・文法学)・工巧明(工芸・技術論)・医方明(医学)・因明(倫理学)・内明(自己の宗旨の学問、仏教者の場合は仏教学)の5種類の学問分野を指す。
- Gomyo refers to five academic fields - Shomyo (phonology and grammar), Kugyomyo (technics and technology), Ihomyo (medical science), Inmyo (ethics) and Naimyo (study of a scholar's religion, as in Buddhism for a Buddhist).
- 室町時代初期に書かれた『御酒之日記(ごしゅのにっき)』には、すでに今日の段仕込みや、乳酸菌発酵の技術、火入れによる加熱殺菌、木炭による濾過などについての記述がある。
- In 'Goshu no nikki' (The technical book on sake brewing) written in the beginning of the Muromachi period, there are descriptions on techniques such as today's dan-jikomi, technique of fermenting lactobacillus, pasteurization and filtration by charcoal.
- 戦争中は、詩吟は国威高揚に資するものとして奨励されていたが、戦後は、古今の名詩を味わい、美しい日本語をもって表現するという芸術的な側面が前面に出されるようになった。
- During the war shigin was encouraged because of enhancing national prestige, but after the war they came to appreciate the good poetry of all time and emphasize the artistic aspects pursuing the expression by beautiful Japanese.
- 現在では技術の進歩などによりわざわざ和服を分解せずともにドライクリーニングで洗濯することができるようになったので、この方法を用いることが多用されるようになっている。
- Thanks to the advance in technology, Wafuku can be dry-cleaned without being broken into panels these days so, that people frequently use this new method.
- 流儀を宣伝することがないので、極端な例では親族の葬儀に参列してはじめて「なにやら一族の武術があって、亡くなった人はその継承者だった」ことを知るなどの事例も聞かれる。
- There is a case where because such a small school never advertised its style, to give an extreme example, it was not until someone attended the funeral of a relative of his or hers that he or she knew 'the family had kept the secret of some bujutsu and the departed was the successor of it.'
- 1975年『すし技術教科書』の「新しいすしダネとすし」には、キャビアやセップ、ロブスター、納豆、じゅんさい、など、100種類にもなる新しい寿司ダネが紹介されている。
- New ingredients for sushi and sushi' in the 'Textbook of Sushi Techniques' in 1975 introduced as many as 100 kinds of new ingredients for sushi such as caviar, porcino, lobster, natto (fermented soybeans), junsai (water shield) and so on.
- 砲術は、火縄銃が弓術と比較すれば命中率と速射が及ばない事に対し戦国時代 (日本)の時点で射撃の名手(「砲術家」)が主に命中と速射に重点を置きあみだした射撃術である。
- Matchlock guns were inferior in an accuracy rate and quick firing to archery, so that experts in shooting (a gunner) in the Sengoku period (the period of Warring States) invented Hojutsu, the art of shooting, in which accuracy and quick firing were highly valued.
- よって、教団の枠組みを超え、朱子学・陽明学といった儒教哲学や、漢詩などの文学、水墨画による山水画や庭園造立などの美術などの、様々な文化的な事象に広範な影響を与えた。
- Therefore, it had a wide influence to various cultures such as Confucianism Philosophy including Neo-Confucianism and Yomei-gaku (neo-Confucianism based on teaching of Wang Yangming), literature including Chinese poetry, Sansui-ga (Chinese-style landscape painting) of ink-wash painting and arts including garden making beyond the framework of a religious community.
- 戦国時代は粗悪な数打物の大量生産を招来したが、一方で原料を生産する鉄鋼業は国内におけるたたら技術の進歩、南蛮貿易による鉄砲の伝来によって急速な進歩を遂げる事になる。
- The Sengoku period (period of warring states) gave rise to mass production of inferior Kazu-uchi mono (mass products), but on the other hand, the steel industry which produced the material made a rapid advance in Tatara (bellows) technology and with the arrival of guns by trading with Westerners.
- 特に19世紀中頃の万国博覧会(国際博覧会)へ出品などをきっかけに、日本美術(浮世絵、琳派、工芸品など)が注目され、印象派やアール・ヌーヴォーの作家たちに影響を与えた。
- In particular, the exhibition of pieces at the world fairs (international expositions) of the mid-19th century, shed light on Japanese art (including ukiyoe woodblock prints, works of the Rinpa School and crafts), which influenced impressionist and Art Nouveau artists.
- 1921年(大正10年)には陸軍戸山学校において、着剣(銃剣を銃に装着すること)していない状態の銃剣を用いた戦技として、小太刀術を元に短剣術(現 短剣道)も制定した。
- In 1921, the IJA also established tankenjutu (the martial art using a short sword, currently called tankendo) based on kodachijutu at Army Toyama School, as a fighting style using a bayonet sword without being attached to the rifle part.
- 文化という言葉は、芸術や学問など人間が生み出した高い達成度を持つもの(ハイカルチャー)を指すとともに、人間の社会が長年にわたって形成してきた慣習や振舞いの体系を指す。
- The term 'Culture' refers to anything including art and learning, which was generated by people and has a high level of achievement (high culture), and also refers to a system of custom or behavior which has been formed by a human society over the years.
- 奈良菩提山正暦寺で産する銘酒『菩提泉』を醸す菩提酛(ぼだいもと)という酒母や、今でいう高温糖化法の一種である煮酛(にもと)などの技術によって優れた清酒を醸造していた。
- High quality seishu was brewed by techniques such as using a yeast mash named bodaimoto which brewed a well-known brand sake 'Bodaisen' at the Shoryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Bodai in Nara, and nimoto (a manufacturing process of yeast mash) what is now called a kind of high-temperature saccharification method.
- 現在、座った状態で、鞘から刀剣を抜き放ち、さらに納刀に至るまでをも含めた技術を、一つの独立した武道と成している国は、全世界でも日本のみで、実は非常に稀有なものである。
- Currently, a sequence of techniques from drawing a sword to sheathing it while in a seated position is considered as an independent martial art only in Japan, but in fact it is very rare.
- 江戸時代以降には自らの技術は単なる力技ではないという意味などを込めて、柔術、柔道、和、やわらと称する流派が現れ始める(関口新心流、楊心流、起倒流(良移心当流)など)。
- From the Edo period, some ryuha (schools) of the martial arts began to call their own techniques jujutsu, judo, or yawara, partly because they wanted to say their techniques were not just forcible ones; the schools were, for example, Sekiguchi Shin Shin-ryu, Yoshin-ryu, and Kito-ryu (also called Ryoishinto-ryu).
- 例として、天然理心流の剣術では、まず切紙、次いで目録、中極意、免許、指南免許という順番であり、各段階で形の目録や流儀の秘訣、流儀の由来などが書かれた伝書が与えられた。
- For example, in the case of kenjutsu of Tennenrishin-ryu school, first Kirigami was issued, and then Mokuroku, Chu-gokui, Menkyo, and Shinan-menkyo were issued in order, and at every grade the densho was given in which the catalog of the forms, the secret methods of the style, the origin of the style and so on were written.
- 4名のうち、荒井寛方(あらいひろかた)と入江波光(いりえはこう)の2名は当時においてもさほど高名な画家ではなかったが、美術史家瀧精一の推挙で大役を任されたものである。
- Although two of those four, Hirokata ARAI and Hako IRIE, were not very famous painters of that period, they were assigned the important roles by the recommendation of Seiichi TAKI, an art historian.
- しかし、縄文時代の遺跡から編布の断片、ひも付きの袋が発見されており、カラムシ・アサなどの植物繊維から糸をつむぐ技術や、できた糸から布地をつくる技術はあったことがわかる。
- Fragments of textiles and sacks with strips have been discovered from the Jomon period sites, which proved that the Jomon people had techniques of spinning thread from plant fiber such as China grass and hemp as well as making cloth from the threads.
- 中国武術や琉球の武術においては、「棒」ではなく中央が若干太いいわゆる「棍」を使用し拳法の延長としての武器術として創意工夫された『棍術』(こんじゅつ)と称される術である。
- In the martial arts of China and Ryukyu, it refers to the art which is called 'konjutsu', which uses a stick with the little thicker center known as a 'kon,' instead of 'bo' (staff), and was devised as a martial art that originated from kenpo (martial art by hands).
- 流派の数は幕末までに数百(あるいは千)を越えたと思われ、19世紀になると全国で武者修行や他流試合、武術留学が流行し始め、各地の師範名をまとめた書物が発刊されるなどした。
- The number of the schools is thought to have exceeded several hundred (or a thousand) by the end of the Edo period, and in the nineteenth century, mushashugyo (a samurai warrior's quest), taryujiai (a contest between different schools), and bujutsuryugaku (practicing martial arts in another domain) began to be popular all over the country, and the books which listed the names of shihan (grand masters) in various places were published.
- これは明治初期に考案されたといわれるが、月寒あんぱん同様、名称以外に詳細な情報が存在しなかったため、既存の製菓技術を用いてオーブンで仕上げた焼き菓子になったと見られる。
- Originated during the early Meiji Period, Kawaguchi anpan was a confectionary baked in an oven; it was made employing traditional baking techniques due to the lack of information about the original anpan, similar to Tsukisamu anpan.
- ただし、江戸時代末期頃には弓術の基本的な技術体系は各種流派それぞれに通じる所もあり、特徴としての差異はあっても和弓を用いる根本的な弓射技術は各種流派とも大同小異である。
- However, around the end of the Edo Period the basic system of technique for Kyujutsu among each school became similar and the Yumiire technique for using Wakyu is essentially the same with very minor differences.
- 西洋近代を告げるルネサンスにおいては自然回帰運動が起き、芸術の世界では具象をありのままに捉えようとする近代的パースペクティヴが発展し、写実性を求める動きが次第に強まった。
- A movement pursuing photorealism was gradually intensified with the back-to-nature movement launched during the Renaissance which brought the modernization of Western culture, as well as with the modern perspective developed in the world of art which attempted to depict figures as they were.
- 政府の要人の場合は、洋服を着ることにより、日本が西欧の進んだ科学技術を学び近代化をめざす意欲を西洋の外国人にアピールし、交渉などを有利に進める目的があったといわれている。
- It is considered that leading political figures wore Western clothes to show that Japan was committed to absorb advanced science and technology from the Western countries and modernize the country as a gesture in order to be advantageous in talks with the Western countries.
- 株式会社京都アニメーション(きょうとアニメーション、英語表記:)はアニメーションの企画・製作およびアニメーション制作に関する技術指導を主な事業内容とする日本の企業である。
- Kyoto Animation Co., Ltd. is a Japanese corporation engaged in the design and production of animation as well as technical guidance related to animation production.
- 生活の中では、襖や障子を閉め忘れたり乱暴に扱ったり、また技術職の徒弟で後片付けなどを怠ると「残心がない」や「残心が出来ていない」といって躾けとして用いられる言葉でもある。
- In everyday life, the term is used for teaching manners as in the expression 'there is no zan-shin' or 'zan-shin is not performed well', when one forgets to close or roughly handles fusuma (Japanese sliding door) or shoji (partitions that can divide the interior of a building into separate rooms), or when an apprentice of craftsmanship neglects cleanup.
- このような、今日でいう「民間」の醸造技術者のことを酒師(さかし)といい、また酒を造り販売した店を造り酒屋(あるいは単に「酒屋」とも。区別については酒屋の項を参照)という。
- Such brewing specialists who were equivalent to modern-day 'private' brewing experts were called sakashi (which literally means 'sake master'), and stores which brewed and sold sake were called tsukuri-zakaya (which means 'sake brewer and seller,' and they were also simply called 'sakaya' (sake shop). Refer to the section of Sakaya for the difference between them).
- 今日では動物性脂肪の旨みが広く知られるようになったことと、保存・輸送技術が向上したため新鮮でおいしいトロが食べられるようになり、トロといえば高級品といったイメージがある。
- These days, however, due to the wide acceptance of animal fat as delicious food and improvement in preservation and transportation technologies, fresh and delicious Toro has become available, and people consider Toro as luxury food.
- 明治時代になって壁画の貴重さや芸術的価値が徐々に認められるようになり、1887年(明治20年)頃には桜井香雲という画家が壁画の模写を行っている(模写は東京国立博物館蔵)。
- In the Meiji period, the murals were gradually recognized their artistic value and preciousness to be reproduced by a painter Koun SAKURAI around 1887 (The reproductions are owned by Tokyo National Museum).
- 1939年(昭和14年)には文部省にあらためて法隆寺壁画保存調査会が設置され、美術や歴史の専門家のほか、自然科学の専門家も参加して壁画の劣化防止と保存の対策が検討された。
- In 1939, the Horyuji hekiga hozon chosaiinkai (Investigative Committee of Conservation Techniques for Mural Paintings of Horyu-ji Temple) was newly established in the Ministry of Education, and the experts in the art, history, and natural science were joined to discuss about strategy for prevention of further deterioration and the conservation of the murals.
- 岡倉らが東京美術学校、日本美術院で育てようとした日本画は旧来の技法や様式を守るだけのものではなく、西洋画から採り入れるものを採り、それと対抗できるような日本の絵画であった。
- The Nihon-ga which Okakura intended to foster was not just preserving traditional Japanese technique and style, but also brought in some necessary western techniques aiming to create Japanese drawings which could hold their own against western paintings.
- 剣道具の原形とされるものは17世紀半ば頃から剣術の流派である直心影流剣術などで存在したが、防具が剣道で採用され現在に近い形の防具が完成されたのは明治時代になってからである。
- The original model of the kendo implements existed in one of the schools of swordplay such as Jikishinkage-ryu (Jikishinkage school, a school of kendo, the Japanese traditional martial art of swordmanship), from around the middle of the 17th century but it was in the Meiji Period when the bogu was used in the Japanese art of fencing and the design similar to the present one was completed.
- 第二次大戦後、他の武道と同様にそれらは禁止されたが、戦後復興と共に行事が復活し、東京五輪の「射撃競技」の開始式典で大戦前から伝統の米沢市の「砲術隊」等による演武が行われた。
- After the World War II, the gunnery was prohibited like other martial arts; however, many events were restored in the process of Japan's postwar rehabilitation; in the opening ceremony for 'target shooting' in the Tokyo Olympics, the traditional demonstration of gunfire by the 'musket troops' in Yonezawa City, which dated back before the war.
- 中国における作例としては、東京・根津美術館所蔵の銅造釈迦如来・多宝如来並坐像は、中国・北魏の「太和13年」(489年)の銘があり、制作年代の判明する基準作として貴重である。
- Regarding examples made in China, there is a pair of seated bronze statues of Shaka Nyorai and Taho Nyorai owned by Nezu Museum in Tokyo, which has an inscription of 'Taiwa 13' (in 489) of the Northern Wei Dynasty in China and this is valuable as a criterion which identifies the age of the work.
- 一方、武家においても、諏訪大社や二荒山神社への贄鷹儀礼と結びついて、禰津流、小笠原流、宇都宮流等の鷹術流派が現れ、禰津信直門下からは、屋代流、荒井流、吉田流などが分派した。
- On the other hand, in the warrior class Taka-gari developed in combination with a ceremony to sacrifice a hawk in Suwa Taisha and Futarasan-jinja Shrines, and that led to the schools of falconry technique such as the Nezu school, the Ogasawara school, and Utsunomiya school, and moreover, the Yashiro school, the Arai school, and Yoshida school, split from descendant of Nobunao NEZU.
- 草創期の講道館の人間は天神真楊流などの柔術出身者が多く、柔術側からも講道館柔道は新しい柔術の一流派くらいに考えられていた(講道館の道場開きに多くの柔術関係者が招かれている)。
- In the early days of Kodokan judo, there were many people who came from jujutsu, including those of Tenjin Shinyo-ryu, and people in jujutsu simply regarded Kodokan judo as a new branch of jujutsu; many people in jujutsu were invited on the opening date of Kodokan Judo Institute.
- 紀元前10000年頃を起源とする日本の芸術文化は、歴史的に見ると新文化あるいは外国の考えが突然流入してくる時期があり、その後に海外との接触がほとんどない時期が長く続いている。
- Japanese art culture, originating in 10000 B.C. was descended from the period when new culture or foreign concepts was introduced all of a sudden, followed by the long period when cultural exchange was interrupted.
- また、安土桃山時代に来日したジョアン・ロドリゲスは著書『日本教会史』の中で支配階層が身に付けるべき「能」(実践的な教養)であったものとして、「弓術・蹴鞠・庖丁」を挙げている。
- Joao Rodriguez, who visited Japan in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, wrote in his 'Church history in Japan' that the 'abilities' (practical skills) persons in the ruling class should have were 'the art of Japanese archery, kemari (a game played by aristocrats in the Heian period) and the use of kitchen knives.'
- 沢庵漬けのような糠漬けや、糠味噌床も、なれ寿司の穀物を乳酸発酵の基質として利用する技術の延長線上にあり、北陸の「へしこ」や北海道の「糠鰊」などにその中間型を見ることができる。
- Nukazuke such as Takuwan-zuke or Nukamiso-doko is seen as an extension of the technique for making use of grain of nare-zushi as a substance of lactic fermentation; 'Heshiko' in Hokuriku and 'Kasu Nishin' in Hokkaido are seen as being in between.
- 戦国時代 (日本)から甲冑師として鉄の加工技術を守ってきた姫路市の明珍(みょうちん)家では、この材料に日本刀の材料である玉鋼を用い、さらに美しい音色のものを現在も製作している。
- The MYOCHIN family in Himeji City has been keeping up the iron-processing technique as an armorer since the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States in Japan) and makes wind chimes with better sound by using Tamahagane (gem steel) which is the original material of Japanese swords.
- 日本でも、このような弓の呪術性は、鳴弦という言葉に示され、平安時代に、宮中で夜間に襲来する悪霊を避けるために、武士たちによって、弓の弦をはじいて音を響かせる儀礼が行われていた。
- In Japan, this magic power of the bow can be seen in the word meigen, and during the Heian period a ceremony was held to make asound by striking the string of a bow by samurai at the Imperial Palace in order to avoid evil spirits that came during night.
- 客寄せする技術があり人がたくさん集まるので、目抜きから離れた広い場所で行う事が多く(良い場所は庭場料も高いのでそれを避ける意味合いもある)大きな場所占めるのでこの様に呼ばれる。
- Since many people gather to watch the shows, they are often held in large spaces away from the main areas (good locations also require high rental fees so are often avoided) and are so called because they occupy a lot of space.
- 北陸や東北の諸藩では、領民の貧窮を救済するために、摂泉十二郷や灘五郷など酒造りの先進地域から酒師(さかし)や麹師(こうじし)といった技術者を藩費で招聘し、御膳酒などを造らせた。
- Clans in the Hokuriku and the Tohoku regions invited experts including sakashi and kojishi from advanced sake-brewing districts such as Sessen Juni-go (the twelve sake brewing districts in Settsu Province and Izumi Province) and Nada Go-go (the five sake brewing areas in the Nada district) on clan budget and asked such experts to make gozenshu (sake for a feudal lord) in order to save people from economic difficulties.
- のちに江戸時代に入ってからもしばらくは、地方によっては日本酒の歴史江戸時代後期まで、中央から招いた醸造技術者に対しては「杜氏」よりも「酒師」「麹師」という呼称が一般的であった。
- Brewing specialists who were invited from the capital city were generally called sakashi or kojishi rather than toji even after the Edo period began, or until the latter of the Edo period in some regions.
- 当時の勤め人の平均月給は五十円程度の時代で、伊藤はまだ会社勤務の技術者だったため、平均月給よりも高給を得ていたが、所持していた高価なカメラなどを処分しても三百円に足りなかった。
- In those days when the average monthly wages for salaried workers was about 50 yen, ITO's salary as an engineer was higher than the average but the money he managed to raise by selling his expensive camera and others was short of the 3 million yen.
- 歴史資料として指定を受けているものには政治家、学者などの歴史上の人物に関する一括資料、古写真やその原板、古地図、古活字、科学技術関係資料、産業関係資料などさまざまなものがある。
- The historical resources thus far designated cover a wide range of types: they may be a batch of materials concerning a politician, a scholar or some person in history, old photographs and their negative plates, old maps, old printing type, materials related to science and technology or materials related to industry.
- 古く縄文時代の遺跡から見つかる勾玉などのアクセサリー、日本神話に見られる三種の神器(勾玉・鏡)などから初期の衣類を含めた身体装飾には権威的・呪術的な意味があったと考えられている。
- Accessories such as magadama (a comma-shaped bead) found in the old remains of the Jomon period, and three sacred imperial treasures (magadama and mirror) appearing in the Japanese Mythology showed that clothing accessories including clothes of an early date had meanings of authority and magic.
- また、幕末の志士たちの多くが江戸の有名道場で学び、全国に人脈を広げていった例からわかるように、武術の道場は、学問所と同じように、ある意味サロン的な役目を果たすようになっていった。
- And as we can see from the cases in which a lot of the patriots during the end of the Edo period practiced at famous dojo (training halls) in Edo and expanded the networks of personal relationships all over the country, the dojo of bujutsu were getting to perform a function as some salon in a sense just the same as with gakumonjo (academic temples).
- が、大乗の求道者は俗世間で生活しながらしかも最終的にはブッダに成れると主張し、自らを菩薩と呼んで、自らの新しい思想を伝える大乗経典を、しばしば芸術的表現を用いて創りだしていった。
- However, Mahayanic seekers claimed that they could ultimately become Buddha even as they lived in the real world, called themselves Bosatsu (Bodhisattva), and created Mahayana Sutras that conveyed their new thoughts, often using artistic expressions.
- また、綿谷雪・山田忠史編纂の『増補大改訂 武芸流派大事典』の「念流」の項(683 - 685ページ)に『樋口家文書』と間光延の『剣術系図』に記された門人名の比較が掲載されている。
- Moreover, the section of 'Nenryu' (pages 683-685) of 'Zohodaikaitei Bugeiryuha daijiten' (the enlarged and revised encyclopedia of schools of traditional Japanese martial arts) compiled by Kiyoshi WATATANI and Tadashi YAMADA shows the comparison between the names of disciples written in 'Higuchi ke bunsho' and those in 'Kenjutsu keizu' written by Mitsunobu HAZAMA.
- 日本古来からの物真似や形態模写などのお笑い芸や剣舞や独り相撲の舞踊りと唐から伝わった奇術や手品または、軽業や曲芸などの芸が合わさりできた芸能で、奉納相撲や御神楽祭の夜祭で演じられた。
- It consisted of impersonations and other comedy routines, sword dancing, and dancing in one man sumo, as well as Tang's magic shows, acrobatics and stunts performed at honozumo (ritual sumo matches held at a shrine) and kagura (Shinto music and dance) festivals held at night.
- 護身術を中心とした技術体系を持ち、「自己確立」と「自他共楽」、「強さを競わない」などの理念が幅広い層に受け入れられ、現在、海外31カ所に普及しており、会員は世界中で約14万人である。
- It has a system of techniques centered on the art of self-defense and philosophies such as 'self-definition,' 'mutual comfort,' and 'not competing in strength,' which have been accepted by a wide range of people, and it has spread in 31 overseas bases having 140 thousand members worldwide.
- 長さを大太刀に近い長さにした素振り用の木刀や、天然理心流剣術のように長さは変えず、通常の真剣以上の重さにし、太く作る事で、正確な手の内を鍛える事等を目的とした、鍛錬用の木刀も存在する。
- There are additionally training bokuto for suburi that are made longer so as to be of similar length to odachi (long swords), as well as ones, such as those used by the Tennen-rishin school, for practicing the correct hand position and so on that are not lengthened, but weigh more and are fatter than normal shinken (real swords).
- しかしながら、まだ科学的再現性というものが導入されていなかったこのころの醸造業界では、今日に比べると技術が拙なく、いかに良い酒米を用いても醸造しているうちに腐ってしまうことも多かった。
- However, the brewing industry during this period when scientific reproducibility was not introduced, the technique was poorer than that of today and sake often putrefied during brewing in spite of using good rice for sake brewing.
- また仮に衣桁などに架ける場合や一時的に畳んでおく肩畳みなどと呼ばれる背中心から折り込み、衿が肩方を向く畳み方があり、これは洋服を畳む時に似ていると言え、本だたみのような技術は要しない。
- There is another folding method for temporarily hanging kimono on a traditional kimono display stand called Iko or folding kimono for the time being called 'Katadatami' or the like, by which kimono is folded in half along Sechushin so that Eri faces the shoulder--This is similar to a folding of Western clothing and does not require a technique as that of Hondatami.
- 沢村一之は『古今算法記』で中国の天元術、すなわち一変数の代数方程式とその数値的解法を導入し、また、同書の遺題で天元術では扱えない複数の変数をもった代数方程式を必要とする問題を提出した。
- Kazuyuki SAWAMURA introduced Tengen-jutsu (an algebra developed during 13th century China), which was an algebra equation for a variable number and its numerical method of solution, in his book 'Kokon Sanpo-ki' (Old and New Mathematics), and he further presented a problem that required an algebra equation containing various numbers that could not be solved using only Tengen-jutsu as an idai to the book.
- その石碑には、「行基に連なる大工集団が千歯扱きを考案した、その大工集団は幕末まで京都御所の御用大工となった、高度な大工技術を駆使して高石地区の住宅建設を請け負っていた」と刻まれている。
- The inscription of the monument reads 'a group of carpenters related to Gyoki designed a threshing machine, the group became official carpenters for Kyoto Imperial Palace until the end of the Edo era, and commissioned residential construction in Takaishi District making full use of their carpentry skills.'
- 公家及び公家随身による鷹狩も徳川家康による禁止まで引き続き行われ、公卿の持明院家、西園寺家、地下の下毛野家などが鷹狩を家業とし、和歌あるいは散文形式の技術書(「鷹書」)が著されている。
- Taka-gari by court noble and its attendants had been also performed until it was forbidden by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and Jimyoin family and Saionji family of noble and Shimotsuke family of Jige (officer not allowed to enter the Imperial palace) had made Taka-gari their family business and wrote a technique book ('book of falconry') on Waka style or prose style.
- 柔道や合気道は、時代が進んでその名が広まるにつれ、これらの名称に「柔術」の語が含まれていない事から、これらが柔術のひとつであるという認識は希薄になり、また、武道としての発展の道へ進んだ。
- Judo (the traditional Japanese martial art mainly used for self-defense) and aikido (the traditional Japanese martial art exclusively used for self-defense) both originated from jujutsu, but as times went by and these arts became famous, people's recognition of the origin began to fade away partly because they do not have 'jujutsu' in their names, and they developed as the independent martial art.
- 本館の外見と調和したインド室は、妻の重子夫人の部屋で、インドのアクバル時代の大臣室を模し、インド美術や黒色大理石に宝石を飾った精巧な大額、妻の撮ったヒマラヤ山脈大写真などが飾られていた。
- The Indian room coordinated with the appearance of the main building was the room of his wife, Shigeko where was imitated minister's rooms of the times of Emperor Akbar in India and decorated with Indian art, a large elaborate frame of black marble decorated with jewels and a large picture of the Himalayas taken by her.
- 制作に携わった技術者のうち、大仏師として国中連公麻呂(くになかのむらじきみまろ、国公麻呂とも)、鋳師として高市大国(たけちのおおくに)、高市真麻呂(たけちのままろ)らの名が伝わっている。
- Among technical experts engaged in the production, KUNINAKA no Muraji Kimimaro (also known as KUNINAKA no Kimimaro) as a Daibusshi (master sculptor), TAKECHI no Okuni and TAKECHI no Mamaro as a Chushi (metal caster) and others were recorded.
- 江戸時代からとだえることなくつたわる漆工芸や螺鈿の技術等により工芸品としては高度なものであるが、弦の張力は演奏に耐えるものではなく、演奏のための楽器としての復元は昭和になってからである。
- Although they were sophisticated as craftworks thanks to the techniques of lacquer craftworks and mother-of-pearl works successively handed down from the Edo period, the tension of the strings cannot withstand performance, and the restoration of instruments for performance was done after the Showa period.
- 当時、61歳だった重源は勧進聖や勧進僧、土木建築や美術装飾に関わる技術者・職人を集めて組織して、勧進活動によって再興に必要な資金を集め、それを元手に技術者・職人が実際の再建事業に従事した。
- Chogen, who was then 61 years old, organized monks (kanjin-hijiri and kanjin-so) as well as engineers and craftsmen to handle the engineering and decoration works so that the monks could collect the funds needed for rebuilding the temple and the engineers and craftsmen could start rebuilding the temple with the funds they'd collected.
- しかし、、西南戦争での警視官(当時の警察官の呼称)によって編成された抜刀隊の活躍ゆえに、警視庁では警視流木太刀形が制定されるなど、剣術推奨の方針転換がなされ、剣術の復興の動きの端緒となった。
- However, as Battotai (drawn sword squad) consisting of keishikan (policemen at the time) achieved distinguished military service in the Seinan War, a policy of encouraging Kenjutsu was adopted, including the creation of Keishi-ryu katachi kata (attack and defend with wooden swords) by Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, and this became the momentum for the restoration of Kenjutsu.
- ハモの水揚げが多くない京都においてなぜハモを食べる文化が発達したかについては、輸送技術が発達していなかった頃、夏に京都まで生きたまま輸送できた、生命力の非常に強い数少ない魚だったことによる。
- The reason why Kyoto, even though conger pike is not caught in the area so much, has developed a tradition to eat it is because it is one of the handful of fish with very strong vitality which could be transported live to Kyoto in the summer before modern high-speed transport developed.
- 村越仙太郎に師事した丹羽有得(1901-1993)の門下からは日本鷹狩文化保存会、森覚之丞研究会、吉田流鷹狩協会など、花見薫の門下からは日本放鷹協会、諏訪流放鷹術保存会などが結成されている。
- Descendants of Yutoku NIWA (丹羽有得) (1901-1993) who learned from Sentaro MURAKOSHI, established associations such as Nihon Takagari-bunka Hozonkai (Japan falconry preservation society), study group of Kakunojo MORI and Yoshida school Takagari Association, while descendants of Kaoru HANAMI established associations such as the Nihon Hoyo Kyokai (Japan falconry association) and the SUWA Falconry Preservation Society.
- 柔術の流れを汲む柔道の試合に当身技がなく、幕末あたりから各地で行われた他流試合や乱捕稽古も当身技を禁じていた場合が多いこと(現代柔道では多くの形が演武用、セレモニー用となっている傾向がある。)
- Firstly, the jujutsu descendant judo has no atemi-waza in its match, and jujutsu itself often forbade atemi-waza in 'taryu jiai' (a contest between representatives of different schools) and in randori, which both began to be held in many places from around the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate; in today's judo's atemi-waza, many 'kata' tend to become an art for a show or for a ceremonial performance.
- 通常の泳ぎ方のみではなく、甲冑を着用しての着衣水泳というべき泳法や、水中での格闘技術や立ち泳ぎでの火縄銃の射撃などの武術としての水中での戦闘技術も含む(流派によっては操船術も含む)ものである。
- It includes not only the normal swimming, but swimming in armor and combat techniques in the water as a military art, such as fighting techniques in the water and firing a matchlock while treading water (Some schools also teach seamanship.)
- そのなかで、儒教の影響以前に、日本古来の呪術的発想から、軍事力ないし警察力の行使というケガレ仕事は国家の制度の内に公式のものとして存在を認めないという世界でも類の少ない特異な制度が採用された。
- In such a situation, Japan adopted a unique system in the world, based on Japanese traditional magical philosophy rather than Confucian philosophy, under which impure works such as the use of military and police force were not regarded as official system of the nation.
- 日本の剣術と世界各国の剣術・刀術を比較すると、刃長60cm以上の刀を両手で持ち、互いに盾を用いずに戦うという形式は珍しく、中世にドイツでツーハンデッドソードによる剣術があげられるくらいである。
- This type of swordplay, in which both parties fight, without shields, holding swords of over 60cm in length with both hands, is seldom seen in countries other than Japan, with the exception of the swordplay called Two-handed swords in the medieval age of Germany.
- 今日の日本は、真に新しい思想をはらみ、世界を包括し、様々な文化を統合した(あるいは文化を持たない)トレンドを生み出すことで、現代美術、ファッション、建築などにおいて他国と競うほどの影響力を持つ。
- Today's Japan is powerful and competitive with other countries in modern art, fashion, and architecture by containing truly new ideas, embracing the world, and creating trends to unify various cultures (or beyond culture).
- 通常の筋力や腕力に頼らず相手を制する武道であるということから、「非力な女性の護身術としても有効」と喧伝されてきており、そのように認識している人も少なくないが、現在その点に関し疑問を呈する声もある。
- Because it's a martial art that controls the opponent without depending on ordinary muscular strength or force, aikido has been advertised as being 'effective as an art of self-defense for powerless women,' and though many consider it as such, some are questioning this today.
- 明治初期に多くの柔術師範が藩指南役等の立場を失ったため、柔術は指導されなくなったように言われているが、実際には全国的に地方の村落などで逆に柔術が流行し、娯楽の一種のように受け入れられ大変広まった。
- After many jujutsu teachers lost their positions of an instructor at a clan in the early Meiji period, jujutsu is said to have got rare to be taught, but in fact, jujutsu became popular in local villages and other places nationwide, and it was loved like a kind of entertainment.
- 一 建造物、絵画、彫刻、工芸品、書跡、典籍、古文書その他の有形の文化的所産で我が国にとつて歴史上又は芸術上価値の高いもの(これらのものと一体をなしてその価値を形成している土地その他の物件を含む。)
- 1. Tangible items (such as buildings, paintings, sculptures, crafts, calligraphies, literatures, ancient documents and other tangible cultural products) that are highly valued in our nation, either historically or artistically (including all the auxiliary parts or land attached to such value)
- 筑波大学と、東京学芸大学、横浜国立大学、千葉大学、埼玉大学の4校からなる東京学芸大学大学院連合学校教育学研究科(連合大学院)には博士課程(芸術学博士:筑波、教育学博士:連合大学院)も設置されている。
- The United Graduate School of Education in Graduate School of Tokyo Gakugei University (the United Graduate Schools) consisted of Tsukuba University and four schools of Tokyo Gakugei University, Yokohama National University, Chiba University, and Saitama University) has a doctor's course as well (Doctor of Arts: Tsukuba, Doctor of Philosophy in Education: United Graduate Schools).
- 身体を取り締めるものである帯は、生命にかかわる呪術的な力をも有すると考えられ、妊婦のために特別のものが用意されるなどしたほか、様々な伝承において、力帯(ちからおび)やそれに類する装身具が広く見られる。
- Obi, which tighten the body, is thought to have magical power that affects the wearer's life, and not only special ones were prepared for pregnant women, but also, according to various folklore, many kinds of accessories such as chikara obi (power obi) can be widely seen.
- 重要文化財(じゅうようぶんかざい)とは日本に所在する建造物、美術工芸品等の有形文化財のうち、文化史的・学術的に特に重要なものとして文化財保護法に基づき日本国政府(文部科学大臣)が指定した文化財を指す。
- Important cultural properties are tangible cultural heritage (such as constructions, buildings and the art craft articles) in Japan that are designated as being culturally, historically or academically important under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties by the Japanese government (or the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).
- しかし、50点以上の出版物が刊行され、また東アジアではじめて西洋印刷術によって印行された、書物・印刷史上重要な刊行物であり、ローマ字表記された当時の日本語口語文など、言語史上にも貴重な資料になっている。
- However, Kirishitan-ban for which at least 50 publications were printed and published by the western printing art for the first time in East Asia, was an important paper publication in the history of books and printing, and was valuable material also in the linguistic history because Japanese colloquial expressions at that time were described in Roman characters.
- 静岡県浜松市西区 (浜松市)舘山寺町の浜名湖舘山寺美術博物館には「平蜘蛛釜」と伝わる茶釜があり、その由来によれば、信貴山城跡を掘り起こした際にこの茶釜が出土しており、信長の手に渡り愛されたものだという。
- In Hamanako Kanzanji Bijutsu Hakubutsukan located in Kanzanji-cho, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, there is a tea kettle called 'Hiragumogama' which is said to have been dug up from the ruins of Shigisan-jo Castle and fell into the hands of Nobunaga who cherished it.
- 飛鳥時代末期には文武天皇により『大射禄法』が定められた辺りを皮切りに、朝廷の間で次第に弓射に関する礼射、礼法が整理され、また同時に技術も体系化、単なる射術から『弓術』として成立していったものと思われる。
- At the end of the Asuka Period, since the establishment of 'Taisha-rokuho' by Emperor Monmu, Reisha and rules of decorum for Yumiire began to be gradually organized and the technique was also systematized and established as 'Kyujutsu' at the same time, based on the simple technique of shooting.
- 日本のお守りなどのように、主として呪術的な目的で作られたものとは違い、装身具や日常的な道具(ナイフなど)を特別な道具で作ったり、石を埋め込んだり、呪文を書き込んだりして特別な力を持つ、としたものも数多い。
- Unlike amulets made mainly for magical purposes such as Japanese omamori, there are many accessories and common tools (such as knives) that are thought to have special power because they have been made using special tools, have stones embedded in them, or have magic words written on them.
- 柳は小宮山から地蔵菩薩像を贈られるとそれから半年の間に懸案であった朝鮮民族美術館の開館などを済ませると、小宮山らの協力を得て木喰仏の調査研究のため木喰の故郷である丸畑をはじめ日本各地を奔走することになる。
- Although Yanagi was given the statue of Jizo Bosatsu by Komiyama, he was obliged to work on pending tasks for half a year such as opening the Korean Folklore Art Museum etc., but after he opened the museum, he started researching mokujiki-butsu and was throughly engaged in visiting many places in the country such as Mokujiki's birthplace, Maruhata, with the cooperation of Komiyama.
- しかし、もはや生き証人としてその技術を心得ている杜氏がいなかったこと、また消費者もうまい寒酒の味に慣れ、酒郷ではよりよい酒質を求めて熾烈な競争をくりひろげていたことなどから、以前のような復活に至らなかった。
- However, it did not revive as before for such reasons as toji who knew its techniques did not exist, consumers were familiar with the good taste of kanshu, and sake breweries of brewing districts competed fiercely in producing better sake.
- 同社では「一切の妥協を排した酒造りのできる次代のスペシャリスト養成」のため、すでに昭和61年(1986年)から酒マイスターを導入し、伝承技術と企業ノウハウの両方を身につけた新しい世代の杜氏を育成しはじめた。
- In order to 'foster a specialist for the next generation who can brew sake without any compromise,' the company has introduced the Sake Meister system since 1986 and began to foster a new generation of toji who had learned both traditional techniques and know-how as a company.
- これによって、ある種の特殊な酵母を用いて醸造した酒は、それまでの日本酒にはない洗練された香味を醪に内包させ、水に溶け出さないこれらの成分も、日本酒アルコール添加によって引き出せることが技術的に知られてきた。
- This study cleared that the sake brewed by a certain specific yeast included a sophisticated flavor in moromi which conventional sake did not include, and that these elements which did not dissolve in water could be derived by adding alcohol of sake.
- また長野銘醸によれば「元禄の時代より1年たりとも休む事もなく酒造りを継続し、戦後全面的に三倍醸造法が普及する中で、『清酒の技術を冒濱するようなもんはみとめられん』と大反対し、純米酒を守り続け」たとしている。
- In addition, Nagano Sake Brewery Co. Ltd insisted that 'we had continued sake brewing without any interruption, even a year, since the Genroku era (1688 to 1703) and we strongly opposed the method of sanzoshu widespread thoroughly in the postwar period because 'we could not admit others which violate the technique of seishu,' and kept brewing junmaishu.'
- 『謝承後漢書』の戎良や、『旧唐書』列伝第137の安金蔵は、自分の誠意を証明するため自分の腹や胸を刀で引き裂き、内臓を取り出して見せた(安金蔵は外科手術によって命を取り留め、武則天からその忠勇を激賞された)。
- Rong Liang in 'Xie Cheng Hou Han Shu' and An Jinzang in the 137th volume of 'Jiu Tang Shu' both cut open their abdomen or chest with a sword and removed their internal organs for all to see in order to prove their devotion (An Jinzan survived due to surgery and his loyalty and bravery were highly praised by Wu Zetian).
- (したがって実物に忠実に作られたものであってもレプリカは認められないが、これは古式銃の登録制度が歴史史料及びその美術価値の保存を目的としていて、射撃に使用することを想定して制定されたものでないことによる。)
- (Thus, the replica, even though made faithfully to the real one, is not allowed; this is because the registration system for ancient guns is for the purpose of the preservation of historical materials and artistic values, and is not established for shooting use.)
- 三 衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術及びこれらに用いられる衣服、器具、家屋その他の物件で我が国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの(以下「民俗文化財」という。)
- 3. The indispensables in order for our nationals to appreciate the flow of life (such as food, clothing, housings, industry or livelihood, beliefs, folk customs about festivals, public entertainments, and traditional skills with the associated costumes, tools and stages) (such indispensables being hereinafter referred to as folk cultural properties)
- 二刀剣法の技術は、多くの古武道で継承されているが、形は様々で、左手に打刀を持つものや、逆手で扱うもの、珍しいものでは二振りの脇差を使う、二刀小太刀術(柳生心眼流、天道流など)や二丁十手、二丁鎌なども存在する。
- The technique of two-sword fencing has been inherited by many classical Japanese martial arts in various styles, for example using an uchigatana (a type of sword used since the latter Muromachi period) in the left hand or holding a sword with a reverse grip, as well as some curious styles such as two-wakizashi fencing called nito-kodachi jutsu (literally, 'two small-sword fencing,' adopted by the Yagyu Shingan-ryu school, the Tendo-ryu school and others), nicho-jutte (two short metal truncheons), and nicho-gama (two-sickles).
- 時には食品でなくとも、「上司の悪口」や「ご近所の噂」、あるいは野球やサッカーといったスポーツの話題や、美術品や花(桜など)の鑑賞を目的とするものをサカナに酒を飲んでも、言葉の使用法としてはなんら差し支えない。
- Furthermore, people sometimes enjoy having alcoholic beverages with non-food sakana such as 'complaints about superiors,' 'the talk of the neighborhood,' topics about sports (baseball, soccer, etc.), and objects for viewing (art work or flowers, for example, cherry blossoms); this use of the word sakana for non-food items is acceptable.
- 実際に筋力・腕力に頼らず相手を制する技術は、とても高度で難しいものであるとが予想できるが、高度で難しい技術の習得には多くの時間を要することが通常であり、社会が護身術に期待する速習速成という要求に応えられない。
- It can be imagined that techniques by which to control the opponent without depending on muscular strength or force can be very advanced and difficult, but it's normal that advanced or difficult techniques will take considerable time to learn, and society's demand for quick training in a crash course in the art of self-defense can't be met.
- この頃は剣道と伝統的な剣術との違いが余り認識されておらず、積極的に剣道の試合に出る流派も少なくなかった(明治末~戦前期の文献では、現在一般にいうところの剣道を含めた日本剣術全般を「剣道」と称することが多い)。
- Around that time, the difference between Kendo and traditional Kenjutsu was not well acknowledged and many schools actively participated in Kendo matches (Japanese Kenjutsu in general, including contemporary Kendo, was collectively called 'Kendo' in the documents written from the end of Meiji era to the end of World War Ⅱ).
- 天保年間に高島秋帆によって西欧の火器用兵術が紹介され、殊に武州徳丸原(ぶしゅうとくまるがはら=現、東京都板橋区高島平)での公開演練の後は、江戸幕府や西南雄藩において「高島流砲術」として導入され急速に普及した。
- During the Tenpo era, Western firearm strategy was brought by Shuhan TAKASHIMA; after its demonstration conducted in the open military drill held in Bushu Tokumarugahara (present-day Takashimadaira, Itabashi Ward, Tokyo), it was adopted as 'gunnery of Takashima school' by the Edo shogunate and the southwest strong domains, and spread quickly.
- 「探幽縮図」と称される探幽筆の古画模写は多数現存しており、各地の美術館や収集家が所蔵しているが、これらには今日では原画が失われてしまった古画の模写も多数含まれており、日本絵画史研究上、貴重な資料となっている。
- Many of Tanyu's copies of ancient paintings (called 'Tanyu Reduction') are existent, which are now part of museums and collections around the nation, and they include many copies of ancient paintings whose originals are now lost, so they are valuable as data for the study of Japanese art history.
- 日本では、食糧の保存加工技術が進歩した縄文時代中期のものと思われる、堅果などのデンプン質が残留した、ビスケットないしはパン状の「縄文クッキー」(パン(クッキー)状炭化物)と呼ばれる、炭化物の考古遺物が出土する。
- In Japan, carbonized archaeological relics, called 'Jomon cookies' (carbonized bread like (cookie like) materials) were excavated, that contain residues of the nut's starch and are thought to be relics from the middle of the Jomon period, when the technique for preserving and processing food had progressed.
- まさにひたすら「南無阿弥陀仏」と唱え続けるその姿から、専修念仏の一派に括られがちであるが、実際は修験道や密教などの思想も複雑に混合し、呪術・祈祷などの民間信仰を行う信徒もいたため、必ずしも専修とは言えなかった。
- Because they keep on chanting 'Namu Amidabutsu,' they are often considered as part of the Senju Nenbutsu group, but in reality, other thinking such as Shugendo (Japanese mountain asceticism-shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhist concepts) and Esoteric Buddhism were incorporated and some monto believed in local beliefs such as jujutsu (an occult art) and incantations, so it cannot be considered as Senshu (Single-Minded).
- 植芝盛平は岩間にて斉藤守弘と武器術の研究をし、斉藤が盛平の武器技を整理した合気剣と合気杖については、これを合気道の武器術と位置付ける師範と、合気剣と合気杖は斉藤の解釈が加わっているとして認めない師範とに分かれる。
- Morihei UESHIBA studied the art of weaponry in Iwama with Morihiro SAITO, and in regard to aikiken and aikijo, which Saito organized based on Morihei's weapon techniques, some grandmasters position them as the art of weaponry for aikido while other grandmasters disapprove of them, claiming that aikiken and aikijo include interpretation by Saito.
- その計画は実行することが決められ、天正遣欧少年使節の使節とともに、リスボンにてジョルジェ・ロヨラ修道士及びコンスタンチノ・ドラード、アウグスティノらに技術を学ばせ、また、同地より活版印刷機を持ち帰ることができた。
- Since it was decided to enforce the plan, Valignano caused Monk Jorge De Loyola, Constantino Durado, Augustino and so on to learn a technique in Lisbon with envoys from Tensho Keno Shonen Shisetsu (the Tensho Boy Mission to Europe), and succeeded in bringing back a letterpress printing machine from there.
- 儒教では火葬は身体の毀損行為であり、中国の歴代王朝の法典においても禁止が明記されている(中純夫「樗村沈錥における華夷観念と小中華思想」「京都府立大学学術報告人文・社会」2003年12月ISSN13433946)。
- In Confucianism, cremation is an act of mutilation to the body, and in the codes of Chinese imperial dynasties, its prohibition is clearly stated (Sumio NAKA, 'A study on Jeo chon Sim Yuk's Thought of Hwayi and of So Junghwa' (A study on Centric vs. Barbarian concept and Small Sino centrism in Jeo chon Sim Yuk (literary remains of Jeo chon, edited by Sim Yuk)), 'Academic Report of Kyoto Prefectural University, Humanities and Social Science,' December 2003: ISSN13433946).
- さまざまな文化において、手を触れずに、遠隔の敵ないし獲物を仕留めることのできる弓矢は、ギリシャ神話や日本で「遠矢・遠矢射」といわれる力として特別視され、「エロスの弓矢」や「天之返矢」ように呪術的な意味が与えられた。
- In various cultures, Yumiya had been perceived as special because it could shoot a faraway enemy or game without touching it, for example, it was called 'Toya flight shooting or long-distance arrow (archery)' in Greek myths and Japan, given a sense of magic using names such as 'Yumiya of Eros' or 'amenokaeshiya (arrow).'
- 2004年に東京国立近代美術館で開催された「琳派 RIMPA」展では、明治以降の日本画の作品(菱田春草、横山大観など)のほか、グスタフ・クリムトやアンディー・ウォーホルの作品にも「琳派的なもの」が見られるとされた。
- At the 'RIMPA' Exhibit held at the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo in 2004, it was said that the 'Rinpa influence' was detected in the works of Gustav Klimt and Andy Warhol in addition to some Japanese-style paintings (by various artists including Shunso HISHIDA and Taikan YOKOYAMA) after the Meiji period.
- また往生術に関する多くの手引書では、死の看取り手は臨終者に対して、回復するかも知れないという幻想を与えるべきではないとし、臨終者が死を自然に受け入れることができるよう、できるだけの手助けをすべきであると説いている。
- Many guidebooks on the art of dying argue that the person who attends someone's death should not give the dying person the illusion that recovery may be possible, but should try his or her best to help the dying person to accept the death naturally.
- まだ大規模な酒造器具も開発されておらず、台所用品に毛の生えた程度の器具しかなかったと思われるこの時代に、菩提酛、煮酛など高度な知識の集積にもとづいて、かなりの手間を掛け、精緻に洗練された技術で製造していたと思われる。
- It seems that the tools owned by brewers in those days were little more than kitchen utensils because large implements for brewing sake had not yet been developed, but based on high-level knowledge accumulated about 'Bodai-moto' (a sake ingredient), 'Ni-moto' (a sake producing method) and others, they seem to have produced Nanto moro-haku with considerable effort and scrupulously refined techniques.
- 本田技研工業が開発した可変バルブ機構「VTEC」は、焼き鳥を焼いているのを見ていた技術者が、串に打たれた具材が回ったり回らなかったりする(ネギは回るのに肉は回らない、など)のを見てその機構を思いついたと言われている。
- A rumor has it that the idea of 'VTEC,' a variable valve mechanism developed by Honda Motor Co., Ltd., hit the engineer when the engineer was looking at yakitori being grilled and observed that some skewered ingredients rotated and others did not (e.g., green onion pieces turned but meat did not).
- ボクシングの渡辺二郎やキックボクシングの猪狩元秀(現、NPO 法人日本拳法協会主席師範)などの世界チャンピオンを輩出し、自衛隊の自衛隊格闘術の原形に、また警察の逮捕術にもその技術がとりいれられたことでも知られている。
- It has produced world champions such as boxer Jiro WATANABE and kickboxer Genshu IGARI (the current chief grand master of a non profit organization called Nippon Kenpo Kyokai) and it is known that the techniques have been adopted as the model for Japan Self Defense Force MMA and arresting art of the police.
- 現在は起源を同じくする3団体、武田流騎射流鏑馬(武田流騎射流鏑馬保存会:熊本市)、武田流弓馬道(社団法人大日本弓馬会:鎌倉市)、武田流鎌倉派(日本古式弓馬術協会:鎌倉市)が存在し、それぞれ武田流を名乗り活動している。
- The three associations which come from the same origin, Takeda-ryu Kisha Yabusame (Takeda-ryu Kisha Yabusame Preservation Society, Kumamoto City), The Takeda School of Horseback Archery (The Japan Equestrian Archery Association, Kamakura City) and Takeda-ryu Kamakura school (Japanese traditional archery on horseback association, Kamakura City) are active identifying themselves as Takeda-ryu school.
- 大信心はすなはちこれ長生不死の神方、欣浄厭穢の妙術、選択回向の直心、利他深広の信楽、金剛不壊の真心、易往無人の浄信、心光摂護の一心、希有最勝の大信、世間難信の捷径、証大涅槃の真因、極速円融の白道、真如一実の信海なり。
- Great faith is the way to attain longevity and immortality, the awesome way to awake aspirations for the pure and to reject the corrupt, the honest mind taught to us through this chosen Vow, the faith that realizes Amida's benefiting of others, the true mind shining like a diamond jewel that is indestructible, the pure faith whereby a person can easily find the Pure Land where no one goes, a single mind, understood by those who are embraced and protected by the compassionate light, the great faith, rare and unsurpassed, the quickest path that is difficult for people to accept, the true reason for attaining nirvana, the white path by which all virtues are instantly fulfilled and the vast sea of faith that is the true reality.
- 1897年(明治30年)から1949年(昭和24年)までの間に、古社寺保存法および国宝保存法に基づいて「国宝」に指定された物件は火災で焼失したもの等を除き、宝物類(美術工芸品)5,824件、建造物1,059件であった。
- Between 1897 and 1949, based on the Law for the Preservation of National Treasures and the Law for the Preservation of Old Shrines and Temples, there were 5,824 cases involving treasures (art or craft items) and 1,059 cases involving buildings designated as national treasures, excluding those that had been burned in fires.
- 中国では双剣や双刀、東南アジアではシラットやエスクリマ、クラビクラボーンなどの武術で二刀流(東南アジアや中国では、短棒二本や短剣二本や長短の剣など二刀流のバリエーションが多い)が行われ、日本とは違い比較的一般的であった。
- Two-sword fencing has been more popular in China and Southeast Asia than in Japan, for example soken (fencing with two double-edged straight swords) and soto (fencing with two butterfly swords) in China, and Silat, Eskrima and Krabi-krabong in Southeast Asia (in Southeast Asia and China there are many different styles of two-sword fencing such as two short clubs, two daggers, and one long sword and one short sword).
- フェノロサの通訳を勤めており助手であった岡倉覚三(のちの天心)らはこれに大きく力づけられ、1889年に東京美術学校(後の東京藝術大学)を開くと、西洋画の教育を排し、絵画としては橋本雅邦らを教師として日本画科をのみ設けた。
- Kakusan (later called Tenshin) OKAKURA, who worked as a interpreter and assistant for Fenollosa, was much encouraged by this experience and established The Tokyo Art School (later Tokyo Art University) in 1889 which did not teach western painting but had only a Nihon-ga faculty with teachers including Gaho HASHIMOTO.
- 日本においては、江戸時代初期までは四季醸造と名づけられる技術があり、新酒、四季醸造(あいしゅ)、四季醸造(かんまえざけ / かんまえさけ)、寒酒(かんしゅ)、四季醸造(はるざけ)と年に五回、四季を通じて酒が造られていた。
- There was a technique called shikijozo used until the early Edo Period, and shinshu (new sake), aishu, kanmaezake, kanshu (cold sake) and haruzake (spring sake) were brewed five times annually.
- 能楽を演ずる者には能楽協会に所属する職業人としての能楽師(玄人)の他、特定の地域や特定の神社の氏子集団において保持されている土着の能・狂言・式三番を演じる人々、能楽協会会員に月謝を払って技術を学ぶ素人の愛好家が存在する。
- Performers of Nohgaku include Nohgakushi (Noh actor), Kuroto (expert), who are professional actors belonging to the Nohgaku Performers' Association, people who perform native Noh play, Kyogen, and Shiki Sanban that have been passed on in specific regions or specific groups of Ujiko (shrine parishioners) of shrines, and amateur Noh performers who pay a monthly fee to a member of the Nohgaku Performers' Association to learn the techniques.
- 建築物、美術工芸品(絵画、彫刻、伝統工芸品、書跡、典籍)、古文書その他の有形の文化的所産(これらと一体をなしてその価値を形成している土地、工作物などを含む場合がある)および考古資料、歴史資料は有形文化財と定義されている。
- Tangible cultural properties are defined as being such things as buildings, art crafts (paintings, sculptures, traditional crafts, calligraphies, literature), ancient documents and other tangible cultural outcomes or products (including all the auxiliary parts, tools or land attached to its value), as well as archeological or historical resources.
- 明治8年(1875年)、明治政府は、江戸幕府が定めた複雑に入り組んだ酒株に関する規制を一挙に撤廃し、酒類の税則を酒造税と営業税の二本立てに簡略化して、醸造技術と資本のある者ならば誰でも自由に酒造りができるように法令を発した。
- In 1875, the Meiji government totally abolished the complicated regulations on sakekabu which were determined by the Edo bakufu, simplified liquor tax into the tax of sake brewing and sales tax, and promulgated some laws and regulations for anyone who had brewing techniques and capital to be able to brew sake freely.
- 昭和17年(1942年)、戦時下において武道界を統制する政府の外郭団体・大日本武徳会に設置された「合気道部」と、“総合武術”(体術・剣術などを総合的に扱う武術)として制定された「大日本武徳会合気道」がこの名称の初出とされる。
- It is believed that this name first appeared in 1942, in 'Aikido-bu' (aikido division) established in the government extra-departmental organization Dai Nippon Butoku-kai, and that 'Dai Nippon Butoku-kai aikido' was established as a 'comprehensive martial arts' (martial arts integrating taijutsu, swordplay, etc).
- 多くの棒術流派で『ゴホウ(五法、五方、御方)』『サシアイ(指合、差合)』『カサノシタ(笠の下)』『(ゴリンクダキ)五輪砕』『(ミズヒキ)水引』等の技法名が共通している存在する事から、流派間に何らかの関連があると考えられている。
- Since many schools of bojutsu have common names for techniques such as 'goho' (literally, five methods, five directions, etc.), 'sashiai' (literally, doing together, obstacle), 'kasanoshita' (literally, under an umbrella), 'gorinkudaki' (literally, crushing five wheels), and 'mizuhiki' (decorative Japanese cord made from twisted paper), it seems that there has been some relationship among the schools.
- いっぽう日本国内においては、江戸時代初期には、後世から四季醸造と名づけられる技術があり、新酒、間酒(あいしゅ)、寒前酒(かんまえざけ / かんまえさけ)、寒酒(かんしゅ)、春酒(はるざけ)と年に五回、四季を通じて酒が造られていた。
- On the other hand, in the early Edo period Japan had a technique which was later named as sake brewing in all seasons, and the sake were brewed five times throughout a year such as, new brew of sake, aishu (sake brewed in the middle season), kanmae-zake (also referred as kanmae-sake; sake brewed before winter), kanshu (sake brewed in winter) to haruzake (sake brewed in early spring).
- ユガケは和弓の登場時から親指に弦を掛け弓を引く「蒙古式(右図Fig.3)」の取り掛けをする日本の射法に合わせて独自に発展した道具であり、時代毎の流派や射術、弓射のあり方の変遷に伴いユガケもその時代毎に改良が重ねられ、現在の形に至る。
- Yugake is the gear which uniquely developed with Japanese way of shooting that had applied the way of setting of 'Menggu' (Mongol) style (right figure. 3) where a bow was drawn with a thumb since Japanese bow appeared and improved repeatedly with the changes of schools in successive periods, shajutsu (technique to shoot a bow) or yumiire(or kyusha, ceremonial shooting) and have become a present form.
- 中世期の石塔は、それまでのもろい凝灰岩から硬質の花崗岩や安山岩の利用といった材質の変化、また関東に入った大蔵系石工の活躍、技術の進歩、大陸から入った禅宗を含む鎌倉新仏教の台頭などによって、複雑な形を持った新たな形式が数多く登場した。
- There appeared various new, elaborately shaped types of pagodas in the medieval period, chiefly because the quality of the materials in use had changed; hard stones such as granite and Anzangan rock (andesite) were substituted for a fragile stone called tuff (volcanic tuff); a mason of the Okura group entered the Kanto region and actively worked; the technologies advanced; and the Kamakura New Buddhism (new schools of Japanese Buddhism founded during the Kamakura period), including the Zen sect from the continent, evolved.
- 国宝保存法に基づき、1930年(昭和5年)には東京の徳川家霊廟(個人の所有)、名古屋城(名古屋市の所有)などが国宝に指定され、翌1931年(昭和6年)には東京美術学校(現・東京藝術大学)保管の絵画等(所有者は国)が国宝に指定された。
- Based on the Law for the Preservation of National Treasures, Tokugawa Family Mausoleum (personal ownership) in Tokyo and Nagoya Castle (owned by Nagoya City) and so on were designated in 1930 as national treasures; the next year (1931), the paintings, etc., which were housed in the Tokyo School of Fine Arts (the present-day Tokyo University of Arts) (and owned by the nation) were designated as national treasures.
- たとえば、江戸時代の儒学者、太宰春台は『聖学問答』で「一向宗の門徒は、弥陀一仏を信ずること専らにして他の仏神を信ぜず、いかなることありても祈祷などすることなく、病苦ありても呪術・お守りをもちいず。みなこれ親鸞氏の力なり」と書いている。
- For instance, Shundai DAZAI, a Confucian scholar in the Edo period, wrote in his book 'Seigaku Mondo' (Questions and Answers on Religious Scholarship) as 'Believers of Ikko Sect (Jodo Shinshu Sect) solely believe in Amida Buddha, do not believe in any other Buddha and deities, do not conduct a prayer under any circumstances and do not use magic rituals or charms even when they are sick. All of the above are attributable to Shinran's influence.'
- 柔術の定義については、流派が数多くあり、技法の内容も多種多様であるため、一概には言えないが、例えば講道館の創始者嘉納治五郎は、「無手或は短き武器をもって、無手或は武器を持って居る敵を攻撃し、または防御するの術」である、と柔術を定義した。
- Having various schools and techniques, jujutsu is difficult to be defined uniformly, but, for example, Jigoro KANO, who was the founder of 'Kodokan judo' (the judo form of Kodokan Judo Institute), defined it as the offense and defense techniques using no (or a small) weapon against an armed or unarmed opponent.
- 通説では1884年(1886年とも)、法隆寺を訪れた岡倉天心(日本の美術教育、美術史研究の先駆者)とアーネスト・フェノロサ(アメリカ人の哲学者、美術史家)が寺僧の反対を押し切って厨子の扉を開け、観音像は数百年ぶりに姿を現わしたとされる。
- According to the prevailing view, Tenshin OKAKURA (the forerunner of Japanese art educators and researchers) and Ernest Fenollosa (an American philosopher and an art historian), who visited Horyu-ji Temple in 1884 (or 1886), opened the door of the zushi by brushing aside the opposition from Buddhist priests; this is how the Kannon statue came into view for the first time in hundreds of years.
- また法律の成立においても懸け物の的場(景品交換式遊技場)が基本にあるので、「遊技」と言う言葉が「遊戯」ではないのは、弓矢は技術が伴う事に由来し、法律の根拠としても偶然性のみのくじ引きである、「富くじ(宝くじ)」との区別の根拠となっている。
- In compliance with the law, the gambling is for prizes rather than money and, since 'yugi' (the games) are based on archery, which is a skill, they are written with the characters for 'play' and 'skill' rather than the usual 'play' and 'fun' and classified differently from the 'tomikuji,' which is a lottery based on pure chance.
- また後継者不足の問題も表面化してきており、その対策としてそば打ちの技術や作法を習得することを目的とした「豊平流そば打ち段位認定制度」を発足させ道の駅豊平どんぐり村で実施したり、新品種「とよむすめ」の栽培を展開するなど各種活動を行っている。
- At the same time, however, securing the future generation of soba makers has become a challenge and, as a measure to address the situation, the region has been taking various actions such as; implementing the 'Grade Certification System for Toyohira Soba Makers,' designed to teach the soba-making skills and manners, at Toyohira Donguri-mura Road Station and cultivating the new variety of buckwheat 'Toyomusume.'
- 一般に、江戸時代後期の狩野派絵師に対する評価はあまり高くないが、20世紀後半以降の研究の進展により、晴川院は古典絵画から幕末の新しい絵画の動きまで熱心に研究した、高い技術をもった絵師であったことが認識されるようになり、再評価の動きがある。
- Although the painters of the Kanoha group in the late Edo period are not well appreciated generally, there is a move to reappraise SEISENIN as the progress of the study after the late twentieth century recognizes that he was a painter with good technique who eagerly studied art from ancient paintings and on to the new painting movement at the end of the Edo period.
- それまでは、漁師、船乗りや、武士階級の間で武術として日本泳法があったに過ぎなかった水泳が、全国に海水浴場が開設され、国民皆泳の名の下に学校教育でも水泳が体育教科として取り上げられたことで、庶民の間に海水浴(水泳)の習慣が拡がる第一歩となった。
- Until then, swimming had been limited to fishermen, sailors and the samurai class as one of the military arts but the establishment of swimming beaches throughout Japan and the adoption of swimming as part of physical education at schools in the name of 'Kokumin Kaiei' (swimming for the whole nation) were the first steps toward the popularization of sea bathing (swimming) among commoners.
- 近代になり、嘉納治五郎が新しく柔道を創設したことなどや日清戦争後に武士道が再輸入されもてはやされたなどの社会情勢から大日本武徳会が設立されて大日本帝国の精神修養として採用され、明治末から大正にかけて武術の「術」を「道」と替え武道と名称変更した。
- In modern times, under the social environment in which judo was newly founded by Jigoro KANO and Bushido (the code of the samurai) was re-imported and praised after the Japanese-Sino War, Dai Nippon Butoku Kai was organized and adopted as the moral improvement of the Empire of Japan, and that organization changed the name from bujutsu to budo by replacing 'jutsu' (arts) with 'do' (ways).
- 都市の特定のエリア(例えば、中華街、元町、神田神保町の古本祭り、浅草サンバカーニバル、YOSAKOIソーラン祭りなど)、文化施設(たとえば、Bunkamura、水戸芸術館など)、教育機関(中学校、高等学校、大学など)の祭り、フェスティバル等がある。
- Festivals held at specific areas in the city (e.g., China Town, Motomachi, Secondhand Book Fair at Kanda Jinbo-cho, Asakusa Samba Carnival, YOSAKOI Soran Festival and so on), at cultural facilities (e.g., Bunkamura, Art Tower Mito and so on), and at educational institutions (junior high schools, high schools, universities and so on) are named.
- 日本酒吟醸酒など高級酒を仕込むときには、高度な技術と機械に頼らない手作業が必要とされるが、麹造りの段階でそれにあたる日本酒蓋麹法(ふたこうじほう)のなかで、日本酒蓋麹法と呼ばれる、熱を帯びてきた日本酒麹を小分けにするときに詰める箱状の道具が麹蓋である。
- Intricate manual techniques that do not rely on machines are required when brewing expensive Nihonshu (Japanese rice wine) ginjo sake (sake made from rice grains milled to 60% or less of original weight), and koji-buta are box-shaped tools used to divide the koji when using the futakoji method.
- 後者の場合、御膳酒は藩造酒(はんぞうしゅ)の最高級品であったが、藩造酒じたいの醸造技術が拙く、数々の努力にもかかわらずついに他国に通用するに至らなかった藩もあるので、そのような場合、藩主は藩の財政改善のため、味覚的に多少の我慢をして飲んでいたことになる。
- In the latter case, although the gozenshu was supposed to be the top quality sake brewed by the clan, some clans had poor brewing techniques despite many efforts, and could not sell their gozenshu to other domains; in such case, the lord was drinking it with some tolerance in terms of the taste, so as to improve the finances of his domain.
- その後長きにわたって、通称として富士門流または日興門流と呼ばれた「日興の日蓮宗」の流れを汲む諸派は、勝劣派・一致派48本山が戦前の宗教政策により連合した日蓮宗とは教義的にも宗教行為の交流はないが、学術面での交流を持っており、日蓮宗僧侶が大石寺を訪れることがある。
- Since then, the various schools which derived from 'Nichiren Sect of Nikko' and commonly called Fujimon School or Nikkomon School for a long time, have no doctrinally interaction and religious communication with Nichiren Sect, the combination of forty-eight honzan of Shoretsu School and Itchi School (of the Nichiren sect) under the religious policy before the War, however, they have academically interaction with them and sometimes monks from Nichiren Sect visited Taiseki-ji Temple.
- 幕府・宮内省鷹匠の技術は、村越仙太郎(1857?-1937)・花見薫(1910-2002)ら、退職した宮内省/宮内庁鷹匠により民間有志に伝えられ、現在活動している鷹狩従事者(松原英俊を除く)は、特定流派名を名乗るか否かに関わらず、そのいずれかの技術的系譜を引く。
- The technique of Takajo of the Shogunate and Imperial Household Ministry was tranferred to private volunteers by Takajo such as Sentaro MURAKOSHI (c.1857-1937) and Kaoru HANAMI (1910-2002), who retired from the Imperial Household Ministry or Imperial Household Agency, so those who practice Taka-gari at present (except for Hidetoshi MATSUBARA) succeed either technique whether they identify with a specific school or not.
- 通常は、各種の武芸である日本武術、江戸期の公家家職に由来する有職故実・礼式、そのほか能楽、歌舞伎、人形浄瑠璃などの芸能、邦楽、茶道、華道、香道、書道、盆庭などをはじめとして、伝統工芸的な手工業、古典園芸など、ひろく技術を伝承する分野においてこうした観念が見られる。
- This concept can normally be seen in the various Nihon bujutsu (Japanese martial arts) and the Yusoku kojitsu (traditional protocol of the imperial court and samurai families) or reishiki (etiquette) that are derived from the practices and manners observed by court nobles in the Edo period; it can also be seen in fields where skills are passed down from one generation to the next, ranging from performing arts such as Nohgaku, Kabuki, and Ningyo Joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater), Hogaku (traditional Japanese music), Sado (tea ceremony), Kado (flower arrangement), Kodo (traditional incense-smelling ceremony), Shodo (calligraphy), Bontei (tray garden) to traditional handicrafts and classic gardening.
- 昭和5年(1930年)の縦型精米機の登場によって、一時は飛躍的な発展の可能性がかいまみえた日本酒吟醸酒の技術に関しても、昭和13酒造年度(1938年-1939年)から精米歩合が65%以下に規制されて出鼻をくじかれ、本格的な発展にはなお三十年近い歳月を待つことになった。
- Although the technique of ginjoshu seemed to be able to develop rapidly by the invention of vertical-type rice-milling machines in 1930, it could not be fully developed for almost 30 years, damaged by the regulation of the rice-polishing ratio which was under 65 percent in the Showa 13 brewing year (1938 to 1939).
- 本来、中国の道教(錬丹術の内丹の法では体内にある気を巡らすための最初に気を通す場所のことである)、禅(達磨による禅の伝来の際、達磨の指示でディヤーナを玄(後に禪(禅)と訳す)と訳したともされる)などの用語で「玄関」とは「玄妙の道に入る關門」(「玄牝の関」)ことである。
- Originally 'genkan' was a Chinese term used in Taoism (in the Neidan, or spiritual alchemy method of Chinese alchemy, the genkan is the place where the ki [vital force that operates the body] first enters the body in order to circulate), and also a term used in Zen Buddhism (it is thought that when Daruma [Bodhidharma] brought Zen to Japan he directed that the word dhyana, meaning meditation, should be translated as 'gen', which later became 'zen'), and from these concepts 'genpinnokan' (gate leading to the road of genmyo [something black and not recognizable as to what it is but potentially spiritually deep]).
- 実際に日本中世において正統と見なされた宗教は、平安時代以来密教を基軸に統合された顕密の仏教であり、旧仏教八宗は併立していたのではなく、密教に見ることが出来る鎮魂呪術的信仰という共通の基盤の上に密教の絶対的・普遍的真実性を前提とした競合的な秩序を形成していたものである。
- The kenmitsu taisei theory claims that the authentic religion in medieval Japan, in fact, was kenmitsu Buddhism, which had been integrated under the umbrella of Esoteric Buddhism after the Heian period, and eight old Buddhism sects did not co-exist but formed a competitive order built on the absolute and universal truth of Esoteric Buddhism while sharing as the common foundation the characteristics peculiar to Esoteric Buddhism: prayers for peace of souls and ritualistic faith.
- これはこれまでの砲術と異なって、命中精度より集団運用による所謂「弾幕を張る」等の用兵が主であり、それまで日本に無かった「号令」(日本には「命令」はあっても「号令」は無かったと云う)による一糸乱れぬチームーワークで火器を駆使するための戦術プラス銃砲術の性格を持ったものであった。
- Unlike the existing art of gunnery, emphasis was placed not on a hitting accuracy but on a mass attack strategy like a heavy barrage of fire; it was characterized by the tactics plus gunnery for the use of firearms with a perfectly coordinated teamwork performed by 'Gorei,' which was absent in Japan by then (It was said that not 'Gorei' [a word of command] but 'Meirei' [order] existed in Japan).
- 一方で刀は売買の対象でもあり、特に明治時代以後現代にいたるまで、骨董品として、美術品として、刀に商品としての性格、趣味の物としての性格が強くなると、商品価値を上げるための客観性を欠いた表記や宣伝的な表記、所有欲をくすぐる表記、自分が好きな刀への思い入れたっぷりの表記、などがある。
- On the other hand, swords are traded for money, and especially from the Meiji period to the modern times, when swords, as antiques and art objects, came to have character as commodities or hobby objects, there are descriptions without objectivity, promotional descriptions to increase commercial value, descriptions to stimulate desires for possession and descriptions full of feelings toward a favorite sword.
- だが、行基の指導による墾田開発や社会事業の進展や地方豪族や民衆らを中心とした教団の拡大を抑えきれなかったこと、行基の活動が政府が恐れていた「反政府」的な意図を有したものではないことから、731年(天平3年)禁圧を緩め、翌年河内の狭山下池の築造に行基の技術力や農民動員の力量を利用した。
- However, the government could not stop Gyoki leading the development of new rice field and other social activities, or the religious community mainly consisted of local clans and ordinary people; the goverment also recognized that Gyoki's activities did not have any 'anti-government' intentions, which the goverment feard; so, the government weakened the suppression in 731, and made full use of Gyoki's powers in technology and gathering peasants for the construction of Sayamashimo-ike Pond in Kawachi in 732.
- 中下級の貴族や武家・荘官などの出身者が多かったため、武術などの心得を持つものもあり、武装化して僧兵を構成したのもこの身分が中心であった(ただし、延暦寺では衆徒をより上級貴族出身が占め、このクラスや衆徒から放逐された者達が別に「堂衆」を組織するなど、寺院ごとに組織のあり方に違いがあった)。
- Many shuto were from aristocracy of the middle and low classes, as well as samurai families and shokan (an officer governing shoen (manor)), some of whom were skilled in martial arts, and as a result they made up a large share of Sohei (priest soldiers); however, the component of the shuto was different among temples, so that in Enryaku-ji Temple the shuto was made up of the priests of higher aristocratic origin, and others who were excluded from shuto organized 'doshu' separately.
- 地方プロダクションであり近場に外注を出せる制作会社が無い事もあって、演出、作画、仕上げ、美術、撮影、デジタルエフェクトまでのプロダクション作業を社内で行なえる体制を構築しており、外注による分業体制を取るプロダクションに対して、スタッフのコミュニケーションが密に取れることが特徴となっている。
- Being a local studio with no production companies nearby to outsource to, Kyoto Animation has established systems capable of in-house production processes including staging, drawing, finishing, art, filming and digital effects, so that one of its characteristics is the close communication among its staff compared with studios which establish division of labor through outsourcing.
- 芸能、技芸を技術的な問題としてのみ捉えることをせず、しばしば実生活と芸の世界を混同させて、常住坐臥が芸を高めるための契機であり、修行であると考え、しかのみならず当人の倫理性、道徳性がそのまま芸にあらわれるがゆえに、芸の向上は同時に人格の向上でなければならない、とするところに芸道の特徴がある。
- The main characteristic of Geido is the idea that the heightening of one's art should be simultaneously accompanied by a heightening of one's personality because one's ethics and morality are directly revealed in one's art; this is derived from the idea that rather than regarding the performance of arts and techniques as merely a matter of skill, we should merge our everyday lives and the world of art, which is an opportunity to heighten our art and is itself a form of training.
- 近年、大東流や合気道での使用法の影響で、特に素手の武術、武道において相手の力に力で対抗せず、相手の“気”(攻撃の意志、タイミング、力のベクトルなどを含む)に自らの「“気”を合わせ」相手の攻撃を無力化させるような技法群やその原理を指すようになった(剣道や古来よりの武器術では元来の意味で使われる)。
- In recent years, influenced by its use in Daito school and aikido, it refers to the techniques and principles of disabling the opponent's attacks by 'matching the 'qi'' of oneself to the 'qi' (including the will to attack, timing and vector of force) of the opponent, instead of competing against the opponent's force with force, especially in martial arts using bare hands (it is used for its original meaning in kendo (the Japanese art of fencing) and in the ancient arts of weaponry).
- こうした考えかたは、日本独自の芸という観念の確立、心境や境地を特に重視する芸術観の尊重、芸系のたしかな伝承、芸が芸にとどまらず思索性を持つことによる内容の深化など、さまざまな効果をもたらしたが、一方で芸の世界における事大主義、神秘主義、普遍性の否定、通に代表される特殊な閉鎖性を生むことにもなった。
- On the one hand, this way of thinking had various positive effects such as the establishment of ideas regarding Gei that are peculiar to Japan, respect for artistic views that place special importance on one's feelings and mental state, the correct passing on of arts knowledge from one generation to the next, and the deepening of arts not only through acquisition of its skills but also by speculation; on the other hand, it had a number of negative effects, such as worship of the powerful in the world of arts, mysticism, denial of universality, and development of a uniquely closed nature as represented by tsu (experts at certain arts).
- 明治39年(1906年)7月京都大日本武徳会本部にて、講道館の嘉納治五郎委員長と揚心古流の戸塚英美委員、四天流の星野九門委員、他17名の委員補(双水執流組討腰之廻第十四代青柳喜平、不遷流柔術四代田邊又右衞門など)柔術10流・師範20名で構成される「日本武徳会柔術形制定委員会」により1週間で制定された。
- In July 1906, at the headquarters of Greater Japan Martial Virtue Society in Kyoto, kata of jujutsu was established in a week by 'the committee of Greater Japan Virtue Society for establishing kata of jujutsu' which consisted of 20 masters from 10 jujutsu schools, that is, the chairman Jigoro KANO from Kodokan judo, the committee member Hideyoshi TOTSUKA from Yoshin Ko-ryu (Yoshin Ko school of jujutsu), the committee member Kumon HOSHINO from Shiten-ryu (Shiten school of jujutsu), and other 17 assistant committee members, including Kihei AOYAGI (the 14th head of Sosuishi-ryu kumiuchi koshi no mawari [Sosuishi school of grappling with swords]) and Mataemon TANABE (the fourth head of Fusen-ryu jujutsu).
- 1997年から1999年にかけて「フランスにおける日本年」および「日本におけるフランス年」という趣旨で、両国において多くの記念行事が行われたが、その際、両国の国宝級美術品1点ずつを相手国で公開することとなり、日本からは百済観音が、フランスからはウジェーヌ・ドラクロワの代表作『民衆を導く自由の女神』が選ばれた。
- From 1997 until 1999, under the concepts of 'Japanese years in France' and 'French years in Japan', many commemorative ceremonies took place in both countries; it was decided that one work of art, of the level of a national treasure, of each country be exhibited, and Kudara Kannon from Japan and a representative work by Eugene de La Croix titled 'La Liberte guidant le people' were selected.
- 現代武道が技の錬磨以上に人間形成と体育的見地からの心身の鍛錬を目的として技術の体系を構築し、また競技、試合を重視しているのに対し(例:柔道、剣道)、古武道は基本的に試合での勝敗を目的とせず(流派によっては他流試合を禁じていた)、実際に身を守り暮らす事や、武士としての使命を果たすための鍛錬などが目的とされていた。
- While gendai budo establishes the systems of the arts and places emphasis on competitions or matches for the purpose of disciplining mind and body from the point of view of the human development and physical education more than polishing the arts (for example, judo, kendo), the fundamental purpose of kobudo was not winning a match (some of the schools had forbidden trainees from competing in the contest between different schools), but defending themselves actually to live or disciplining themselves to carry out their missions as samurai.
- 室町幕府の御用絵師となった狩野正信を始祖とし、その子孫は、室町幕府崩壊後は織田信長、豊臣秀吉、徳川将軍などに絵師として仕え、その時々の権力者と結び付いて常に画壇の中心を占め、内裏、城郭、大寺院などの障壁画から扇面などの小画面に至るまで、あらゆるジャンルの絵画を手掛ける職業画家集団として、日本美術界に多大な影響を及ぼした。
- Masanobu KANO, the official painter of the Muromachi shogunate, was the earliest ancestor; his descendants worked for Nobunaga ODA, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and the Tokugawa Shogun as painters after the collapse of the Muromachi shogunate, consistently dominating the art world associated with the powers-that-be, thus greatly influencing Japanese art circles as a professional painter group working on works ranging from screen paintings in the Imperial Palace, castles or large temples to small paintings such as those created on fans.
- また、これに関係して、合気道が力を必要としないのは、「稽古では相手が抵抗しない型稽古しか行わないから、普段の稽古では力を必要としない、力で劣る人もできる」という意味であり、「護身術・武術として考えたときに合気道のテクニックが優れており、力を使わずとも相手を投げる・固める・制することが出来る」という意味ではない、という意見もある。
- Additionally, with regard to this some say that aikido doesn't require force because 'in training, only kata training where the opponent doesn't resist is performed, so daily training doesn't require force and people who aren't strong can perform as well,' but not because 'aikido's techniques are superior as an art of self-defense or a martial art, allowing one to throw, grapple and control the opponent without force.'
- 1930年代前半に誕生し、一時期は発展の可能性がかいまみられながらも、戦中戦後の窮乏のなかでそれが棚上げのかたちとなっていた吟醸酒も、1970年代には、醪(もろみ)造りの工程における温度管理の技術が飛躍的に発達し、また協会系酵母協会7号や協会系酵母協会9号などの吟醸香を出す新しい酵母が実用化され、ようやく少量ずつ市場へ出荷されるようになった。
- The ginjoshu which appeared in the early 1930s but was interrupted because of the shortage of materials although it could have been more developed, gradually came to be sold in markets in small amounts in the 1970s, since the technique of temperature control in the process of making moromi was rapidly developed and the new yeasts with aroma of ginjo, such as the seventh and the ninth yeasts of the Brewing Society were put into practical use.
- 日本美術から影響を受けたアーティストにはピエール・ボナール、エドゥアール・マネ、アンリ・ド・トゥールーズ=ロートレック、メアリー・カサット、エドガー・ドガ、ピエール=オーギュスト・ルノワール、ジェームズ・マクニール・ホイッスラー、クロード・モネ、フィンセント・ファン・ゴッホ、カミーユ・ピサロ、ポール・ゴーギャン、グスタフ・クリムトなど数え上げたらきりがない。
- There are a large number of artists who were influenced by Japanese art including Pierre Bonnard, Édouard Manet, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Mary Cassatt, Edgar Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, James McNeill Whistler, Claude Monet, Vincent Van Gogh, Camille Pissarro, Paul Gauguin and Gustav Klimt.
- 江戸時代を通じて、基本的に酒はその造り方、流通、販売に至るまで商人がプロデュースするものであったが、上記のような理由から藩という地方自治体が酒造りを立案し、伊丹酒や灘五郷や奈良流など当時の酒造先進地域より酒師(さかし - 杜氏とほぼ同義)や麹師(こうじし)といった技術者を少なからぬ藩費で招聘し、土地の大商人に醸造設備などを整備させて始めた地酒のことを、後世から便宜上藩造酒(はんぞうしゅ)と呼ぶ。
- While sake was basically produced by the merchants throughout the Edo period in all fields of brewing methods, distribution and sales, local governments or domains, due to the above reasons, started to brew Jizake (local sake) called, in later ages for convenience, Hanzoshu (sake brewed by the domains) by preparing brewing plans, inviting at no small expenses of the domain's technical experts such as Sakashi (sake brewer) (almost the same meaning as Toji [sake brewer]) and Kojishi (a person in charge of the koji-manufacturing) from the advanced regions in sake brewing like Itami sake, Nada gogo (five districts in Nada), Nara style sake and so on and making local wealthy merchants maintain brewing facilities.
- 作画・仕上げ・美術の工程を国内の複数社に委託することは少なく(作画は関西の制作会社、美術は『CLANNAD』制作時に、『涼宮ハルヒの憂鬱』『らき☆すた』で美術監督を務めた田村せいきが所属するアニメ工房婆娑羅に発注することがあった)、編集・音響を除く工程の一部が子会社のアニメーションDoならびに協力会社の大韓民国のアニメスタジオ「Studio Blue(旧:Ani Village)」よって賄われている。
- It occasionally subcontracts the processes of drawing, finishing and art to several domestic companies (the process of drawing is sometimes subcontracted to a production company in the Kansai region, and during production of 'Clannad' the process of art was subcontracted to Basara animation studio to which Seiki TAMURA, the art director of 'The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya' and 'Lucky Star,' belongs) and some processes other than editing and audio are handled by its subsidiary Animation Do and its cooperative animation studio 'Studio Blue' (formerly, Ani Village) in the Republic of Korea.
- またその形稽古の技法が「片手取り」(攻撃者が相手の手首を掴みに来る)「正面打ち」(攻撃者が手刀を振りかぶって打って来る)など、現代の現実の格闘場面では考え難い攻撃法に対処する形になっている(これは合気道の元になった古流柔術が帯刀を前提とした時代のものであり、「抜刀しようと刀の柄に掛けた手を押さえる→片手取り」「刀で斬り掛かって来る→正面打ち」などの場面を想定した稽古法であったことに由来すると言われている)
- Furthermore, the techniques of kata training such as 'katatedori (the attacker grabs the opponent's wrist), 'shomen-uchi strike' (the attacker swings down a tegatana to hit) are forms of response to attacks that are unlikely in today's actual fights (this is due to the fact that old-style jujutsu, which was the origin of aikido, was from the age when a sword on a belt was used, and such training simulates scenes such as 'holding down the hand that was placed on the grip of the sword to draw it, i.e., katatedori' and 'being swung down a sword, i.e., shomen-uchi strike).'
- 美人画とは単に美しい女性をモチーフにした絵画だという概念に囚われがちだが、『広辞苑』では「女性の美しさを強調し」という抽象的表現で規定されており、『新潮世界美術辞典』(新潮社、1985年、ISBN 4107302067)では「女性の容姿の美しさ」と、『現代日本美人画全集 名作選Ⅰ』(関千代 著、集英社、1979年)では「女性の中にある美」を探究しモチーフとしたものと定めてあり、必ずしも美人を描いたものという定義だけでその本質を表現できるものではない。
- Although one tends to be caught up in the notion that bijinga is a painting which merely depicts beautiful women, 'Kojien' dictionary defines the term using the abstract expression that it 'emphasizes women's beauty', and 'Shincho Encyclopedia of World Art' (SHINCHOSHA Publishing Co., Ltd, 1985, ISBN 4107302067) defines the term as representing 'women's beautiful looks', and 'Gendai Nihon Bijinga Zenshu: Selection of Masterpieces Vol. I' (by Chiyo SEKI, Shueisha Inc., 1979) defines it as being a quest for and having the motif of 'beauty inside women'; therefore the definition of a depiction of a beautiful woman is not necessarily the representation of the subject's true nature.
- その理由として、江戸時代に入って徳川綱吉によって諸国鉄砲改めによる百姓の狩猟及び銃の原則所持禁止、銃器の移動制限がなされたことや、鎖国の影響による技術進歩の停滞という通説、フリントロック式は火縄式に比べ強力なバネが装着されており、撃鉄作動時の衝撃が大きく、引金を引いてから一瞬遅れて装薬に着火する機構のため銃身がぶれ、火縄銃に比べ命中率が悪く「一発必中」を好む日本人から嫌われたらしいことのほかに、日本では良質の火打石が産出せず大量生産ができなかったこと、またおそらくはすべての武術と同じく鉄炮術も一種の競技的な要素を含んで流派形式で継承されたため、その結果必然的に器具類の改変は避けられた、という要素も大きかった。
- The reasons for this follow; in the Edo period Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA prohibited hunting and the possession of a gun by farmers in principle; that the transfer of a gun was limited; that, commonly believed, the technological advance of guns stagnated from the influence of the exclusion of foreigners (national isolation); that a flintlock gun (flintlock system) had a stronger spring than a hinawaju and when the gunlock operating the impact was big and after trigger was pulled, the ignition mechanism for the explosive charge momentarily wavered and the accuracy of fire was bad and thus Japanese who liked to 'ippatsu hicchu' (hit with one shot), disliked the flintlock gun; that good quality flints could not be found in Japan and could not be mass-produced; and that, as a big factor, the art of gun was inherited probably in the form of a school-style gun for competitions like all the martial arts and as a result, the improvement of the weapon was necessarily avoided.