葉: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 門葉記
- Monyo ki (a record of Shoren-in Temple of Tendai sect)
- Monyoki (Shoren-in Temple records)
- 御門葉
- Gomonyo (a family with honorary status)
- 万葉歌碑
- Manyo Kahi (a monument inscribed with a poem)
- 万葉歌人
- Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) Poet
- 湯葉、麩
- Yuba and fu (bread-like pieces of wheat gluten)
- 日葉酢媛命
- Hibasuhime no mikoto
- あそばせ言葉
- polite language used by women
- 家紋は杏葉。
- The family crest is Gyoyo.
- 色葉字類抄。
- 'Irohajiru sho' (one of Japanese dictionaries in the Heian period)
- 桂宮本万葉集
- Katsura no Miya bon Manyo-shu
- (『玉葉』)
- ('Gyokuyo' - Diary of Kanezane KUJO)
- 千葉県勝浦市
- Katsuura City, Chiba Prefecture
- 家紋は、杏葉。
- Its kamon (family crest) is kyoyo (trapping).
- 犬養万葉記念館
- Inukai Manyo Memorial Hall
- 山号は常葉山。
- The sango is Joyozan.
- 滑川稲葉内の場
- Namerikawa Inabanai no ba
- 蔦紅葉宇都谷峠
- Tsutamomiji Utsunoya-toge (literaly, Painted maples in the Utsunoya-toge pass)
- 万葉集での記述
- Description in the Manyoshu
- 葉緑体タンパク質
- chloroplast protein
- 稲葉(いなば)家
- The Inaba family
- 言葉を発するまで
- Until he spoke words
- 青松葉事件の全容
- Whole contents of the Aomatsuba Incident
- 武士に関する言葉
- The words on bushi
- 普請に纏わる言葉
- Words related to fushin
- 家紋は十六葉裏菊。
- The Kamon (family crest): Juroku Hauragiku (sixteen leaves of reversed chrysanthemum).
- 桓武平氏千葉氏族。
- Some Aihara clan samurai belonged to the Chiba clan of Kanmu-Heishi (the Taira clan).
- 千葉氏族の粟飯原氏
- The Aihara Clan of the Chiba Clan
- 梅雨にまつわる言葉
- Expressions relating to baiu
- 菱田春草:『落葉』
- Shunso HISHIDA: 'Ochiba' (Fallen Leaves)
- 麻の葉(あさのは)
- Asa no ha (stylized hemp leaf) pattern
- 東京・千葉方面より
- From the direction of Tokyo and Chiba:
- あわんとり(千葉)
- Awantori (Chiba Prefecture)
- 葉室家:甘露寺支流。
- The Hamuro family: Kanroji branch.
- 千葉県最高峰である。
- It is the highest mountain in Chiba Prefecture.
- 名優たちと「桐一葉」
- Great actors and 'Kiri Hitoha'
- 母は皇后日葉酢媛命。
- Her mother was Empress Hibasu Hime.
- 武者に関する言葉など
- The words and so on concerning military warriors
- 宮崎県東臼杵郡椎葉村
- Shiiba-mura, Higashiusuki County, Miyazaki Prefecture
- 大和さくらい万葉まつり
- Yamato Sakurai Manyo-matsuri Festival
- (以下紅葉パラダイス)
- (It is called Koyo Paradise hereinafter.)
- 秋ハ時雨の紅葉の葉袖。
- In autumn, they change like crimson foliage moistened in drizzling rain.
- 文学性豊かな「桐一葉」
- Kiri Hitoha' rich in literary quality
- お印は若葉(わかば)。
- Her oshirushi (signature mark used by members of the Imperial family to mark their belongings) was a young leaf (Wakaba).
- 譜代大名稲葉氏の居城。
- It was the castle of the hereditary feudal lord of the Inaba clan.
- 双葉町 - 福島県双葉郡
- Futaba-cho - Futaba-gun, Fukushima Prefecture
- 万葉集からも以下の一首。
- The following poem is from 'Man'yoshu (The Anthology of Myriad Leaves).'
- 『万葉集』に御製歌あり。
- His Tanka (31 syllables' poem) is included in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 中央隊(植木・木葉方面)
- Center troop (Ueki and Konoha areas)
- 女優の司葉子は分家出身。
- An actress Youko TSUKASA was born into a branch family of the Shoji family.
- 藤原為房の子葉室顕隆が祖。
- The founder was HAMURO no Akitaka, the child of FUJIWARA no Tamefusa.
- - 千葉県市川市にある地名
- The name of a place in Ichikawa City, Chiba Prefecture
- 葉川基起の子石山師香が祖。
- The original forefather was Moroka ISHIYAMA, the child of Motooki HAGAWA.
- 奈良県立万葉文化館(飛鳥)
- Nara Prefecture Complex of Manyo Culture (Asuka)
- 青葉山 (京都府・福井県)
- Mt. Aoba
- Mt. Aoba (Kyoto Prefecture/Fukui Prefecture)
- 金沢文庫切(巻子万葉集切)
- Kanazawa bunko kire (small piece)(巻子万葉集切)
- 若葉会、東京毎日新聞演劇会
- Wakaba-kai, Tokyo Mainichi Shimbun Engeki-kai
- 元は中国の春秋時代の言葉。
- It was originally a word used during the Chunqiu era of China.
- 『玉葉』の伝える源平の兵力
- The militarily power of the Genpei (the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan) by the 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of Kanezane KUJO)
- - 千葉県勝浦市にて始まる
- It started in Katsuura City, Chiba Prefecture.
- 葉の両面とも緑色で縮れる。
- Both sides of the leaves are green and crisp.
- 万葉集に歌が収録されている。
- His waka poems are selected in Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- (昭和44年廃止)東浦、稲葉
- (Abolished in 1969) Higashiura and Inaba
- 「武士」「武士団」という言葉
- The word called 'bushi' and 'bushidan'
- 源義朝の介入と千葉常胤の反撃
- Intervention by MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo and counterattack by Tsunetane CHIBA
- 天衣に立涌文、裳に麻の葉文。
- On this statue, a tachiwaku pattern is used on the hagoromo (feather-robe) and an asa no ha pattern on its skirt.
- 紅葉、春過、二星、新豊、松根
- Koyo (Autumn Leaves), Harusugi (The Passing of Spring), Jisei (Two Stars), Shinpo (a place name in China), and Shokon (Pine Root)
- 葉の表面は緑色、裏面は赤色。
- The front side of the leaf is green, the back side is red.
- 葉の両面とも赤色で縮れない。
- Both sides of the leaf are red, not crisp.
- 家紋は杏葉(持明院家と同じ)。
- The family crest was a 'Double Balloonflower' like that of the Jimyoin family.
- 『孟子』に由来する言葉である。
- The word is derived from Mencius.
- (『玉葉』寿永二年九月三日条)
- (the section of the 3rd day of the 9th month of 1183 in the 'Gyokuyo')
- 『桂宮本万葉集』(伝紀貫之筆)
- 'Katsura no Miya Bon Manyo-shu' (attributed to KI no Tsurayuki)
- 甘茶(紫陽花の近種の植物の葉)
- Amacha (leaf of plants resembling hydrangeas)
- 成田山新勝寺 (千葉県成田市)
- Shinsho-ji Temple on Mt. Narita (Narita City, Chiba Prefecture)
- 稲葉紀通(のりみち)<従五位下。
- Norimichi INABA
- (家によって葉や節の数が違う)。
- (The number of bamboo leaves and joints varies with each family)
- 葉室長通は琴平神社宮司を務めた。
- Nagamichi HAMURO served as the guji (chief of those who serve a shrine, controls festivals and general affairs) of Kotohira-jinja Shrine.
- 兼実の日記「玉葉」も有名である。
- Kanezane's diary, 'Gyokuyo (Kanezane KUJO's Diary),' is famous.
- 嵐山はサクラや紅葉の名所である。
- Arashiyama is a place renowned for its cherry blossoms and autumn leaves.
- そのきっかけが『桐一葉』である。
- 'Kiri Hitoha' is the beginning of such creations.
- 万葉集に以下の歌が残されている。
- The following waka appear in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- The following poems are recorded in Manyoshu.
- 『記・紀』・風土記と万葉集の編纂
- Compilation of the 'Kojiki' (Records of Ancient Matters) and the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), fudoki (description of regional climate, culture, etc.) and 'Manyoshu.'
- 第3期 10世紀中葉-12世紀。
- The third period: from the mid 10th century to 12th century.
- 成立は12世紀中葉と考えられる。
- It is believed to have been made in the mid-12th century.
- 言葉・イメージとしてのコンニャク
- Images or words of konnyaku
- 現在千葉県、島根県、福岡県等に多い
- Today, many of the descendents live in Chiba, Shimane and Fukuoka Prefectures.
- 桜、紅葉の名所としても有名である。
- It is also known for the magnificent cherry blossoms and autumn leaves.
- 『万葉集』に7首の歌を残している。
- Seven poems by Moroe are included in the 'Manyoshu.'
- 第2期 8世紀初頭-10世紀中葉。
- The second period: from early eighth century to the middle of 10th century.
- 葉室直躬は、鍋島家から養子に入った。
- Naomi HAMURO was adopted from the Nabeshima family.
- 禄高:約500石、家紋:十六葉裏菊。
- Hereditary stipend: about 500 koku; crest: the Juroku Hauragiku (16 leaves of reversed chrysanthemum)
- 両寺とも山号を「青葉山」としている。
- The 'sango' (literally a mountain name) (the sango of a temple was mostly used to indicate where the temple is located) of both of the temples is 'Mt. Aoba.'
- 宮元啓一(印哲学者)「ブッダの言葉」
- Keiichi MIYAMOTO (sign philosopher) 'Buddha's Words'
- 桐の花及び葉を図案化したものである。
- Kiri-mon is a design made of paulownia flowers and leaves.
- 和歌は「万葉集」に4首とられている。
- Four waka poems are collected in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 32年7月(3年)、日葉酢媛が薨去。
- Hibasushime died in August 3 A.D.
- 2世紀末葉になると近畿式のみとなる。
- In the end of the second century, only Kinki type dotaku were produced.
- 小葉は柔らかくてつやがあり、楕円形。
- The leaflets are soft, shiny and oval-shaped.
- 『粘葉本和漢朗詠集』(伝藤原行成筆)
- 'Decchobon Wakan Roei Shu' (attributed to FUJIWARA no Yukinari)
- 作事が建築を表す言葉である事が解る。
- Thus, the term 'sakuji' refers to construction.
- 末裔の葉室賴昭は春日大社元宮司である。
- His descendant, Yoriaki HAMURO was a former guji of Kasugataisha Shrine.
- が、一報を聞きしばらく言葉が無かった。
- After the news, Emperor Showa got lost for words for a while.
- 称制はもともと中国の漢文の言葉である。
- The word, Shosei originally came from Chinese kanbun. (Sino-Japanese)
- 申の刻(16時ごろ)(『玉葉』による。
- By the hour of the Monkey (around 4 PM - according to the 'Gyokuyo.'
- 宮城県仙台市青葉区 (仙台市)定義地区
- Jogi Area, Aoba Ward (Sendai City), Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture
- 仙台城(宮城県仙台市青葉区 (仙台市))
- Sendai Castle (Aoba Ward Sendai City Miyagi Prefecture)
- Sendai-jo Castle (Aoba Ward, Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture)
- 園基音の末男葉川基起の曾孫壬生俊平が祖。
- The original forefather was Toshihira MIBU, a great-grandchild of Motooki HAGAWA who was the youngest son of Motonari SONO.
- 青葉トンネル(旧称「青葉隊道」)がある。
- The Aoba Tunnel (formerly known as 'Aoba Taido'), is built in the Kissaka-toge Pass.
- 青葉山は信仰との関わりが深い山でもある。
- Mt. Aoba is deeply connected with worship.
- 著作に、『看聞日記』、『椿葉記』がある。
- He wrote 'Kanmon Nikki (diary)' and 'Chinyoki'.
- 『万葉集』には「遊行女婦」として現れる。
- In 'Manyoshu,' they appeared as 'ukareme.'
- また、茶の葉を売る店は「葉茶屋」と言う。
- Also, shops that sold tea leaves were called as 'hachaya' (tea leaf shops).
- 広橋真光(ただみつ)は千葉県知事を務めた。
- Tadamitsu HIROHASHI served as the Governor of Chiba Prefecture.
- 柿本人麻呂による挽歌が万葉集に残っている。
- The Manyoshu (the oldest anthology of tanka) includes the elegies, KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro composed for her.
- (昭和44年成立)南落合町、東浦町、稲葉町
- (Established in 1969) Minami Ochiai-cho, Higashiura-cho, Inaba-cho
- 山号は叡昌山、開基は千葉胤貞、開山は日英。
- The sango is Eishozan, the Kaiki is Tsunetane CHIBA, and the kaisan is Nichiei.
- (1966年に紅葉パラダイスとして開業。)
- (The amusement park opened as Koyo Paradise in 1966.)
- 蕨尾からの果無峠には照葉樹林帯が見られる。
- In the section below Warabio of Hatenashi Pass, an evergreen broadleaf forest extends.
- 「法語伝道聖句三昧」説法向きの言葉を解説。
- Every day Buddhism, preaching, Saint sayings' explains words for preaching.
- 万葉集に4首の歌が伝わる万葉歌人でもある。
- The Emperor Tenchi (Tenji) was a poet who had four poems in 'Man'yoshu (The Anthology of Myriad Leaves).'
- 藤紋は、藤の花や葉を図案化したものである。
- Fuji-mon is a pattern of wisteria flowers and leaves.
- 現在では「お言葉」と呼ぶことが普通である。
- Today it is called as 'o-kotoba' (a combination of 'o' as a honorific prefix to be applied before noun or verb and 'kotoba' meaning words) in general.
- また、日本を表す時に使われる言葉でもある。
- This word is also used to represent Japan.
- 撮影場所は千葉県銚子市犬吠埼とされている。
- It is said that the scene was filmed at Inubosaki, Choshi City, Chiba Prefecture.
- 天魔の所為か」(『玉葉』)と驚愕している。
- Is it because of a demon?' ('Gyokuyo' (Diary of Kanezane KUJO)).
- 院政という言葉は現代日本でも使われている。
- The word 'insei' is also used in modern Japan.
- 幕府-守護体制は15世紀中葉まで存続した。
- The bakufu-Shugo system remained until around the middle of 15th century.
- その後被災者と懇談し、励ましの言葉をかけた。
- Having a friendly talk with victims after the inspection, he encouraged them.
- 『万葉集』に「飛ぶ鳥の」歌がいくつか見える。
- 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) contains a few waka that begin with 'tobu torino' (飛ぶ鳥の; a flying bird).
- 愛宕山 (君津市) - 千葉県君津市にある。
- Atago-yama (Kimitsu City) - It is located in Kimitsu City, Chiba Prefecture.
- 紅葉パラダイスのCMもまたお馴染みであった。
- The commercial message of Koyo Paradise was also well-known.
- 愛宕山 (銚子市) - 千葉県銚子市にある。
- Atago-yama (Choshi City) - It is located in Choshi City, Chiba Prefecture.
- 愛宕山 (富津市) - 千葉県富津市にある。
- Atago-yama (Futtsu City) - It is located in Futtsu City, Chiba Prefecture.
- 『万葉集』に柿本人麻呂の挽歌が残されている。
- In the 'Manyoshu,' there is a Banka (Elegy) by KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro.
- 尤も言葉としては漢語であり『礼記』に見える。
- However, the word Yushi is one of Chinese origin, and referred in 'Raiki' (book on rites).
- 行楽(参詣、花見、月見、紅葉狩り、雪見など)
- Outing (visiting temples and shrines, cherry blossom viewing, moon viewing, autumn leaves viewing and snow viewing)
- 娘は垂仁天皇皇后の日葉酢媛命(ひばすひめ)。
- His daughter was Hibasu hime, an empress consort of Emperor Suinin.
- 花や葉の輪郭と葉脈を細い線状の截金で模る文様
- A pattern that imitates the contours of flowers, leaves, and leaf veins using straight pieces of gold leaf.
- 千葉周作に『北辰一刀流組遣様口伝書』がある。
- A book entitled 'Notes of oral instructions on 'kenjutsu' (Japanese art of swordsmanship) of 'Hokushin Itto ryu' (a school of 'kobudo' [Japanese classical martial arts])' was written by Shusaku CHIBA (the school's founder).
- 二上山万葉の森や大阪府立近つ飛鳥博物館もある。
- A forest park named 'Manyo Forest on Mt. Nijo' and Osaka Prefectural Chikatsu-Asuka Museum are located there, too.
- 八幡市駅 - 橋本駅 (京都府)(- 樟葉駅)
- Yawatashi Station - Hashimoto Station (Kyoto Prefecture) (- Kuzuha Station)
- 「お言葉に接し、感動胸に迫るものがあります。」
- I was quite impressed with the Imperial message.'
- 神籬(ひもろぎ)とは、木や枝葉の依り代のこと。
- Hiromogi is a yorishiro (object representative of a divine spirit) of trees, branches, or leaves.
- その言葉が孝謙天皇の即位詔に引用されて伝わる。
- His words at that time are cited in the imperial edict of the enthronement of Empress Koken and as such they are archived.
- よく似た言葉に(文書としての)「贋作」がある。
- There is a similar term 'gisaku' (a fake) (as a document).
- 11世紀中葉に、王朝国家体制の変革が行われた。
- In the middle era of the 11th century, the dynastic national system was reformed.
- 日常の言葉を漢字で表記するための辞書といえる。
- It can be regarded as a dictionary used for expressing household words in the written form of kanji.
- 鎌倉に関しては後には葉山に別荘を構えたりもした。
- When it comes to Kamakura, he later kept a villa in Hayama.
- 愛宕山 (南房総市) - 千葉県南房総市にある。
- Atago-yama (Minamiboso City) - It is located in Minamiboso City, Chiba Prefecture.
- (ホテル紅葉のCMはほぼ全国で放送されていた。)
- (The commercial message of Hotel Koyo was broadcast almost everywhere in the country.)
- 現在、八幡市駅の乗客数は樟葉駅の1/5しかない。
- The number of passengers of Yawatashi Station is only one-fifth of those of Kuzuha Station.
- 大判事を演じた、片岡仁左衛門 (13代目)の言葉
- Comment of Nizaemon KATAOKA the thirteenth, who played Daihanji
- 志筑の造語(鎖国)もこの立場からの言葉であった。
- Shitsuki newly coined the term 'Sakoku' from this standpoint.
- 「でっち上げ」という言葉は、丁稚とは関係がない。
- The term 'Decchiage' has nothing to do with decchi.
- - 茶をいれた時に葉や茎が垂直に立つ現象をさす。
- It means a tea leaf or stalk floating erect when you pour tea into a cup.
- おむすびというのは、元は御所の女房言葉であった。
- Omusubi is originally a word of court ladies in the Imperial Palace.
- ホテル紅葉(後述)をリニューアルオープンしたもの。
- Hotel Koyo (see below for further details) was renovated to reopen as Ryotei Koyo.
- 青葉山ろく公園(キャンプ場/パターゴルフ/陶芸館)
- Aobasanroku Park (Camping site/putting golf/pottery house)
- 古くより、春は桜、秋は紅葉の名所としても知られた。
- From ancient times, this place is also known as a beauty spot for cherry blossoms in the spring and for autumn leaves in the fall.
- 御幸台-千葉県船橋市薬円台 (習志野発祥の地から)
- Gokodai - Yakuendai, Funabashi City, Chiba Prefecture (from the original place of Narashino)
- 万葉集に、石川内命婦に贈った歌が一首残されている。
- The poem which he sent to ISHIKAWA no Uchimyobu is found in 'Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).'
- 一方、紅葉パラダイスの跡地にはマンションが建った。
- On the other hand, a condominium has been built at the site of the demolished Koyo Paradise.
- 一方、『玉葉』にはより詳細な内容が記録されている。
- The contents of the decree are more precisely described in the 'Gyokuyo.'
- 明治以降各宗教の聖地へ行く事をこの言葉に翻訳した。
- After the Meiji period, this word was used as the translated term for visiting holy places of various religions.
- 忠平の死後、10世紀中葉に村上天皇が親政を行った。
- After Tadahira's death, Emperor Murakami conducted direct Imperial rule in the middle of the 10th century.
- 武士団という言葉が平安時代後期にあった訳ではない。
- It did not mean that the word bushidan originated from the Heian period.
- これを奪回するために、千葉常胤は源頼朝を利用した。
- To recapture Soma-mikuriya, Tsunetane CHIBA used MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
- 新制とは元来、新たな禁制という意味の言葉であった。
- Originally, shinsei was a word meaning a new ban.
- 開花するときには葉は出ず、また開花後に株は枯れる。
- Sending out no leaf in flowering, the root dries out after that.
- 地下に扁平な円形の芋を持ち、地上には葉だけを出す。
- The underground part is a flat, round corm, from which a leaf comes out.
- この時には、「競馬より面白い」との言葉を残している。
- He said at that time, 'F1 Grand Prix is more interesting than horse racing.'
- 万葉集には二上山を詠んだ歌がいくつか収録されている。
- Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) contains some poems about Mt. Nijo.
- 「古き革嚢に新しき酒を盛る。」との逍遥の言葉がある。
- Shoyo said, 'new sake is put in an old kawabukuro (leather bag).'
- また万葉集によれば異母妹但馬皇女が邸内にいたという。
- According to Manyoshu (the oldest anthology of tanka), Tajima no himemiko, younger paternal half-sister stayed in the same residence.
- 仕草は、落語において言葉の欠を補うための存在である。
- In rakugo, gestures are an important complement to the words.
- 「義仲は当時京にあり」(『玉葉』閏10月13日条)。
- Yoshinaka is in the capital now ('Gyokuyo,' entry of November 6).
- 生殖細胞が集まった部位で、成実葉や胞子葉に相当する。
- It is the region where generative cells congregate, being equivalent of sporophylls.
- 葉室家(はむろけ)は名家 (公家)の家格を有する公家。
- The Hamuro family were kuge (court nobles) with kakaku (family status) of meike (the fourth highest status for court nobles).
- 以後、稲葉氏の支配によって明治時代を迎えることとなる。
- The Yodo Domain entered the Meiji period under the rule of the Inaba clan.
- 皇胤(こういん)とは、広く天皇の子孫を指す言葉である。
- The term Kouin refers to Imperial descendants.
- さらに山内の一木一葉に至るまで神宿るものとされている。
- God is considered to be in all trees and leaves in the mountains.
- 元来は寺社めぐりや紅葉などの景観が観光の主体であった。
- The original main purpose of sightseeing was to visit temples and shrines, and to enjoy scenery such as autumn leaves, etc.
- 特に秋は紅葉の名所である為、休日には渋滞は必至である。
- Especially at holiday time in autumn, traffic congestion on the road is almost inevitable as the roadside is famous for the beautiful colored autumnal leaves.
- 「中宮」という言葉の本来の意味は「皇后の住居」である。
- The meaning of the term 'chugu' is a 'residence of an empress'.
- 「今ははや言の葉草もなかりけり何のためとて露結ぶらむ」
- Since I don't have any words which grow like grass, it's meaningless to gather dew.'
- 11世紀中葉に王朝国家体制が変質(後期王朝国家)した。
- In the mid-11th century the dynastic nation system transformed itself (to the late dynastic nation).
- 巡礼と同じような意味の言葉に巡拝(じゅんぱい)がある。
- A similar word to pilgrimage is the word, 'Junpai' (circuit pilgrimage).
- 「又平氏放逸、毎事不便なり」(『玉葉』9月21日条)。
- Heishi is arbitrary and everything is inconvenient ('Gyokuyo,' entry of October 16).
- 「恰も戦場に交るが如し」(『玉葉』閏10月14日条)。
- It was like being in a battlefield ('Gyokuyo,' entry of December 7).
- 衣に斜格子や草花文、裳には麻の葉や団花文が施されている
- Slanting lattice patterns and grass flower patterns are provided on the robe, and asa no ha patterns and danka patterns are provided on the skirt part.
- 明治に至り、知行地であった千葉県長生郡寺崎に移っている。
- In the Meiji period, the Kira family relocated to the lands of their chigyo-chi (a land given to a feudal load or a samurai as an annual stipend): Terasaki, Chosei County, and Chiba Prefecture.
- 周辺には遊園地のびわ湖温泉紅葉パラダイスが隣接していた。
- In its vicinity, an amusement park named Biwako Onsen Koyo Paradise was adjacent to it.
- と囃子言葉で遮り二人で踊りながら花道を入る演出であった。
- In the staging, Danshichi blocks the young man with hayashikotoba and two entered the passage dancing.
- 9. 発音の短縮江戸っ子は気が短く、言葉の短縮を好んだ。
- 9. Contraction: It has been used by 'Edokko' (people from Tokyo) who are well-known as short-tempered people preferring contraction of words.
- (『実演用桐一葉・序文』1915(大正6)年5月)より)
- (Preface of 'Kiri Hitoha for performance on stage' published in May 1915)
- 内田魯庵は「桐一葉」の発表が革命的なものであったとした。
- Roan UCHIDA regarded publishing 'Kiri Hitoha' as revolutionary.
- 星川皇子は母の言葉に従い、反乱を起こし、大蔵を占領した。
- Hoshikawa no miko followed his mother's words and rose in rebellion, taking over Okura.
- 筒森神社(千葉県夷隅郡大多喜町)は十市皇女を祀っている。
- Tsutsumori-jinja Shrine (Otaki-machi, Isumi-gun, Chiba Prefecture) worships Tochi no Himemiko as a god.
- 小銀(しょうぎん):譲葉丁銀に「小銀」の極印が打たれる。
- Shogin: These are Yuzuriha Chogin with '小銀' (Shogin) hallmark.
- その為、御門葉と認められることは大変な名誉と見なされた。
- Therefore, it was considered a great honor to be acknowledged as a gomonyo.
- 門葉(もんよう)とは、一般的に血縁関係がある一族を指す。
- The term 'monyo' generally referred to families that were related by blood.
- 立花郷は相馬郷や千葉荘から東に遠く離れた太平洋側にある。
- The Tachibana-go village was located on the Pacific Ocean and far east from the Soma-go village and Chiba no sho (the private estate of the Chiba clan).
- 現在のお茶の葉を売る店は葉茶屋、茶店は水茶屋、掛け茶屋。
- A shop selling tea leaves is now called ha-chaya, and a usual teahouse is called mizu-chaya or kake-chaya.
- また火持ちを良くするために杉の葉なども混ぜることがある。
- Sometimes cedar or other leaves are added to make the fire last longer.
- 元禄年間に刊行された「松の葉」あたりからこの名がみえる。
- The word 'hauta' began to be used around the Genroku era (from 1688 to 1703), as it was seen in 'Matsunoha' (a collection of kouta [ballads sung to shamisen accompaniment] published in 1703).
- 青紫蘇の葉は野菜としては「大葉(おおば)」とも呼ばれる。
- As a vegetable, the ao-jiso leaf is called 'oba.'
- 柿の葉すし本舗たなか 本社(住川町、テクノパーク・なら内)
- Kakinohasushi Honpo Tanaka, Head Office (in Techno-park Nara, Sumikawa-cho)
- 青葉山の南麓を西日本旅客鉄道小浜線、国道27号が併走する。
- The Obama Line of West Japan Railway Company and National Route 27 run in parallel along the south foot of Mt. Aoba.
- 日葉酢媛命(ひばすひめのみこと)は、伝説上(記紀)の皇族。
- Hibasuhime no mikoto was a member of the Imperial family, who appears in the legend ('Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan)).
- その後、主人(船場言葉で「だんさん」)の裁量で手代となる。
- They later became tedai at the discretion of the master ('dan-san' in Senba dialect).
- 第二が義仲、第三が源行家とされた(『玉葉』七月三十日条)。
- The second greatest was granted to Yoshinaka and the third greatest was to MINAMOTO no Yukiie (according to the section of the 30th day of the 7th month in the 'Gyokuyo').
- 奈良時代以前には「御簾中」という言葉は存在していなかった。
- The term 'Gorenju' had not existed before the Nara period.
- 青紫蘇葉や花を香味野菜として刺身のつまや天ぷらなどにする。
- Ao-jiso's leaves or flowers are used as flavorful herbs, cooked in tempura or eaten with sushi.
- 書紀(現代文訳)には次のような栗隈王の言葉が載せられている。
- The modern translation of Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) contains the words of Kurikuma no Okimi as follows:
- 葉川基起の末男波多基維の子六角益通(実は東園基量の子)が祖。
- The original forefather was Masumitsu ROKKAKU, the child of Motokore HATA who was the youngest son of Motooki HAGAWA (in fact, Masumitsu was a child of Motokazu HIGASHISONO).
- ()内はゴールデンウィーク、お盆、紅葉シーズンにおける人数。
- The numbers shown in parentheses are the numbers during the Golden Week Holidays, the Bon Festival period, and the foliage season.
- 劇中、主人公は「鼠小僧」をもじった「稲葉幸蔵」で通している。
- Throughout the program, 'Kozo INABA,' which is punned on the name 'Nezumi kozo,' is used as the main character's name.
- 神奈川県や千葉県に大友皇子に関連する史跡が幾つか残っている。
- Some historic sites related to Prince Otomo remain in Kanagawa Prefecture and Chiba Prefecture.
- 中継ぎとして即位した妹・元明天皇を激励する歌が万葉集にある。
- The poem written by Minabe no Himemiko to encourage her younger sister, Empress Genmei, who ascended the throne as a relay successor, is contained in Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 大伴家持と親交があり、『万葉集』の撰者の一人といわれている。
- Moroe had a close association with OTOMO no Yakamochi, and is supposed to be one of the selectors of the poems in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 「鴻臚」という言葉は外交使節の来訪を告げる声を意味していた。
- Accordingly, the word '鴻臚' (pronounced 'Koro') meant a call for announcing a visit from a diplomatic mission.
- 古事記、日本書紀、万葉集など現存最古の史書・文学が登場した。
- History books and works of literature, which are currently the oldest in existence, such as 'Kojiki' (Records of Ancient Matters), 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) and 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) appeared.
- 「あふ時はかたりつくすとおもへども別れとなればのこる言の葉」
- Whenever we met, I felt I had told you everything I wanted to, but now we are apart I feel I still have a lot to say.'
- 特に竹腰家は、青松葉事件の対象であるふいご党の領袖であった。
- Especially the Takenokoshi family was the leader of the Fuigo party which was the object of Aomatsuba Incident.
- 九条兼実の日記『玉葉』の2月4日の記事では下記のようにある。
- On March 24, in the Diary of Kanezane KUJO, 'Gyokuyo,' there is a description as follows.
- 明治維新後の1884年7月8日葉室長邦に伯爵の位を授けられた。
- After the Meiji Restoration on July 8, 1884, the peerage of count was conferred on Nagakuni HAMURO.
- 紅葉の名所としても知られ、京都市近郊の行楽地として人気がある。
- It is also famous for its autumn leaves and popular as a resort located close to Kyoto City.
- 山:愛発山、青葉山 (京都府・福井県)、五老岳、大江山、氷ノ山
- Mountain: Mt. Arachi, Mt. Aoba (Kyoto and Fukui Prefectures), Mt. Gorogadake, Oe-yama mountain range, Mt. Hyono
- 大江山(『万葉集』)・大井山(『日本後紀』)とも呼ばれている。
- It is also called 大江山 (Mt. Oe) (in 'Manyoshu' (Japan's oldest anthology of poems)) or 大井山 (Mt. Oi) (in 'Nihon Koki' (the third of the six official national histories)).
- 桐一葉(きりひとは)は、坪内逍遥作の歌舞伎の歌舞伎の演目一覧。
- Kiri Hitoha (a single paulownia leaf) is a glance Shoyo TSUBOUCHI's Kabuki program.
- - 高句麗に,大使に膳葉積,副使に坂合部磐鍬以下の使を遣わす。
- - Sent an envoy to Goguryeo led by Commander-in-Chief Zenhatsumi and Vice Commander SAKAIBE no Ihasuki, accompanied by their followers.
- 一説に、万葉歌人額田王は宣化天皇の4世孫(玄孫)とも言われる。
- One theory has it that NUKATA no Okimi, a poet of Manyoshu (The Anthology of Myriad Leaves) was said to be a great-great-granddaughter of Emperor Senka.
- 1648年(慶安元年):丹波福知山騒動(稲葉氏 - 福知山藩)
- 1648: Tanba Fukuchiyama feud (Inaba clan; Fukuchiyama Domain)
- 「今朝もはやいふ言の葉もなかりけりなにのためとて露むすぶらん」
- Since I don't have any words which grow like grass this morning either, it's meaningless to gather dew.'
- しかし、『百錬抄』および『玉葉』がその要旨を今日に伝えている。
- However, the essentials of the decree have come down to this time by 'Hyakuren sho' (History book from the Kamakura period) and 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of Kanezane KUJO).
- 黄色い落ち葉をさす色で、平安時代は赤みがかったあざやかな黄色。
- Kuchiba refers to the color of yellow fallen leaves, and it was brilliant reddish yellow in the Heian period.
- 縁起のいい語句や戒めの言葉などが刻されているので吉語印と呼ぶ。
- As lucky words and phrases or words of warning were carved on the seals, it is called kitsugoin (seal engraved auspicious words or phrases).
- 俳優の上原謙の妻で女優の小桜葉子は、分家筋の岩倉具顕を父に持つ。
- The father of Actress Yoko KOZAKURA, the wife of Actor Ken UEHARA, was Tomoaki IWAKURA, who came from a branch of the Iwakura family.
- 天智天皇の危篤、崩御の際に詠んだ歌4首が万葉集に収められている。
- Four of her poems composed while the Emperor Tenchi was in critical condition, and on his death were selected in Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 2007年には高齢者講習を受講し、紅葉マークを取得したと伝わる。
- He is reported to have received the elderly driver sticker in 2007 after attending a lecture to teach the elders the driving technique.
- 稲葉氏は明治17年(1884年)、華族令により子爵に列せられた。
- In 1884, the Inaba clan given the rank of Viscount under the Peerage Law.
- (昭和41年成立)上里男鹿町、上里勝山町、上里鳥見町、上里紅葉町
- (established in 1966) Kamizato Ojika-cho, Kamizato Katsuyama-cho, Kamizato Torimi-cho and Kamizato Momiji-cho
- 下記の鉄火から派生した言葉の由来となる場所は、江戸の下町である。
- Shitamachi in Edo is the birthplace of words shown below that are derived from the word tekka.
- 1381年(弘和元年/永徳元年)に完成した『新葉和歌集』である。
- This was the 'Shinyo Wakashu' which was completed in 1381.
- このような贔屓の人事をおこなって京都所司代稲葉正往を驚愕させた。
- Masayuki INABA, the shogunate's military governor stationed in Kyoto, was shocked by the Emperor's willingness to penetrate and organize personnel in such an unfair way.
- 天明年間には、上方で流行した「唐人唐言葉、ゑんさいぶし」がある。
- In Tenmei era, 'Tojin Karakotoba, Ensaibushi' was popular in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area).
- 万葉集巻第2 199~202番(柿本人麻呂作の高市皇子への挽歌)
- Book Two of Manyoshu, poems 199 - 202 (Banka composed by KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro for Prince Takechi)
- 葉山御用邸に隣接する場所には昭和天皇践祚記念碑が設置されている。
- At the area adjacent to Hayama Goyotei a monument to commemorate Emperor Showa's succession to the throne is placed.
- 煕子女王に先立たれた朱雀天皇が詠んだ和歌一首が『玉葉集』にある。
- A waka (Japanese poem) which Emperor Suzaku created when Princess Kishi (Hiroko) died before him, was included in 'Gyokuyo shu.'
- 神功皇后の命で広田神社を祭った葉山媛と長田神社を祭った長媛の父。
- He was the father of Hayama-hime, who established Hirota-jinja Shrine under the order of the Empress Jingu, and Nagahime (長媛), who established Nagata-jinja Shrine.
- これは稲葉家が上総から淀に移封する際に付いてきた物と考えられる。
- It seems due to the transfer of fief of the Inaba family from Kazusa Province to Yodo.
- 大高源五は、子葉の俳号を持ち、俳人としても名高い赤穂浪士である。
- Gengo OTAKA had a pen name as a haiku poet called Shiyo and was a well known Ako Roshi for his ability as a haiku poet.
- 非人という言葉は仏教に由来し、『法華経』「提婆品」にも見られる。
- The term Hinin comes from Buddhism and it is found in the 'Devadatta' chapter of the 'Hokke-kyo Sutra.'
- 日本政府からも勲八等の勲位と白色桐葉章、年金36円が与えられた。
- The Japanese government also gave them Kun hachito (8th rank of the Order of Merit), the White Paulownia Medal and a pension of 36 yen.
- その一方で多田行綱は『玉葉』で山の手を落としたと明記されてある。
- On the other hand, 'Gyokuyo' clearly states that Yukitsuna TADA took the fortress on the hilly section of the city.
- 文化面では、『日本書紀』・『万葉集』・『風土記』などが編まれた。
- With respect to culture, 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), and 'Fudoki' (descriptions of regional climate, culture, etc.) were compiled.
- ちなみにcedarはヒノキあるいはマツの仲間の針葉樹を意味する。
- Cedar is actually a conifer related to the Japanese cypress and pine trees.
- これについて兼実は「狂乱の世なり」としている(『玉葉』同日条)。
- Kanezane wrote about this, 'The world is insane' ('Gyokuyo,' entry of January 19).
- 残心(ざんしん)とは日本の武道および芸道において用いられる言葉。
- Zan-shin is a term used in Japanese budo (martial arts) and geido (accomplishments).
- また平安時代末期までは家柄のよい者をさす言葉として用いられていた。
- And until the end of the Heian period, this term had been used for persons from good families.
- 勅(ちょく)は、天皇の言葉、あるいは天皇の命令を直接に伝える文書。
- Choku is the words of the emperor or a document that directly conveys the emperor's order.
- このとき唱える言葉は、「内裏儀式」・「江家次第」に掲載されている。
- The chanting words on this ceremony are described in 'Dairi Gishiki' and 'Go-ke Shidai.'
- 俳諧のたしなみのある源吾は其角の門人として「子葉」と名乗っていた。
- Gengo, who had knowledge of Haikai, called himself `Shiyo,' as a disciple of Kikaku,
- 新天皇が初めて内閣総理大臣らに言葉を述べる国事行為たる儀式である。
- This is a ceremony about the emperor's constitutional functions, and the new emperor makes a speech to Japanese Prime Ministers and others.
- 大和言葉では「きみ」がこの概念に相当するものとされ、字訓となった。
- In ancient Japanese this concept was thought to correspond to the word 'kimi,' which became the Japanese reading of the Chinese character.
- 享和版本=享和元年(1801年)刊・稲葉通邦校訂(底本=真福寺本)
- The Kyowa printed books: Published in the first year of the Kyowa era (1801), corrected by Michikuni INABA (based on the Shinpuku-ji Temple book)
- 基経が本当に元の言葉を知らなかったのか疑問が持たれるところである。
- In view of the above, it is questionable whether Mototsune really didn't know the meaning of the original term.
- そのため、僧綱は言い返すこともできず退出した(『玉葉』30日条)。
- This made the sogo leave without a word ('Gyokuyo' article of January thirty).
- そのため、からくりという言葉には娯楽性や意外性のニュアンスがある。
- And so, Japanese in those days associated the word karakuri with an amusing (or surprising) thing.
- 植物の葉には雑菌の繁殖を抑える物もあり、保存性を高める一面もある。
- Some plant leaves prevent growth of bacteria and also raise preserving property.
- ヨーロッパ語圏では、manga は日本の漫画のみを指す言葉である。
- In European countries, the word 'manga' means only Japanese comics.
- 歌碑には春の吉野山を詠んだ歌が記され、下には紅葉の歌も記されている。
- A poem describing Mt. Yoshino in the springtime is inscribed on the monument, and another poem about autumn leaves is on the lower part as well.
- いずれも京都府と福井県を結び、青葉山へのアクセスへと利用されている。
- Both of them connect Fukui Prefecture to Kyoto Prefecture, used for accessing Mt. Aoba.
- この「宮」という呼称を世襲することから「宮家」という言葉が起こった。
- The name 'Miyake' came from the meaning of succeeding 'Miya' by generations.
- 『玉葉』に記された藤原信西の後白河評は「和漢の間、比類少きの暗主」。
- There is a review about Goshirakawa written by FUJIWARA no Shinzei in 'Gyokuyo' (the Diary of Kanezane KUJO), it is said 'He was the most stupid Emperor among Chinese and Japanese Emperors.'
- 『蔦紅葉宇都谷峠』(つたもみじ うつのや とうげ)は、歌舞伎の演目。
- Tsutamomiji Utsunoya-toge (literaly, Painted maples in Utsunoya-toge pass) is a Kabuki play.
- 彼女の死を悼んで高市皇子が熱烈な挽歌を捧げている(『万葉集』卷2)。
- Lamenting her death, Prince Takechi dedicated a passionate Banka (Elegy) ('Manyoshu' Book Two).
- 後北条氏末期には北条氏政が直接支配して太田氏や千葉氏を統率していた。
- During the later years of the Gohojo clan, HOJO Ujimasa seized direct control over the castle and led the Ota clan and the Chiba clan.
- 3点目は斬罪の寛刑特令を発布することであった(『玉葉』十月四日条)。
- The third article was about promulgation of a lenient punishment order against execution by decapitation (the section of the 4th day of the 10th month in the 'Gyokuyo').
- 「河海抄」によれば、裹飯(カシワ(柏)の葉で包んだ飯)であるという。
- According to 'Kakaisho' (Commentary on the Tales of Genji by Yoshinari YOTSUTSUJI), it was Tsutsumiii (rice wrapped in an oak leaf).
- 日本書紀に「唖にして語ふこと能はず」とあり、言葉を話せなかったという。
- It is said that he was incapable of speech, as described in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) that 'he was a dumb person who cannot speak.'
- 和式の内装を誇る「旅亭 紅葉」(1993年10月開業)が営業している。
- A hotel named 'Ryotei Koyo,' the big appeal of which is the Japanese interior design, has opened for business since October 1993.
- 小堀遠州を流祖とし、江戸中期に花人・春秋軒一葉がその花型の基礎を作る。
- The founder of this school was Enshu KOBORI and Shunjuken Ichiyo formed the basic patterns of its flower arrangement in the middle of Edo period.
- 同じくうれし涙に頬を濡らす其角は「子葉どの、何か辞世の句は」と望んだ。
- Kikaku, who was moved to tears of joy, asked Gengo by saying, `Mr. Shiyo, what's your death haiku?'
- また、和洋に中国も加えた「和漢洋(わかんよう)」という言葉も存在する。
- There is also a term 'wakanyo,' meaning the blend of Japanese, Chinese and Western styles.
- これを承諾した王は翌年58歳にして河内国樟葉宮(くすばのみや)で即位。
- Okimi accepted this recommendation and was enthroned the next year when he was 58, in Kusuba no Miya Palace, Kawachi Province.
- これは、めでたい文句・吉祥句であり、常に用いられる言葉・常套句である。
- This is an auspicious and conventional phrase which was always used.
- 院宮分国と知行国は、ともに院政期(11世紀後葉以降)に急激に増加した。
- Ingu bunkoku provinces and chigyo-koku provinces increased rapidly in the insei period (during the period of the government by the Retired Emperor) (in the latter half the 11th century and later).
- ところが、問題の「阿衡」という言葉を藤原基経自身が用いた例が存在する。
- However, Fujiwara no Mototsune himself used the controversial term 'Ako.'
- 11世紀中葉の後期王朝国家の成立以来、国衙軍制は機能停止してしまった。
- After the latter dynastic nation was established in the middle of the 11th century, the kokuga forces system stopped functioning.
- 3本の直立する花序と3枚の葉から構成されているものが基本的図案である。
- The basic design consists of three erect inflorescences and three leaves.
- この高御産巣日神と神産巣日神に共通の「むすび」(産巣日)という言葉だ。
- The word common to these Takami musubi no kami and Kami musubi no kami is 'musubi.'
- 日葉酢媛命(垂仁天皇の皇后(後)・景行天皇の母)の父・三河宝飯郡別の祖。
- He was the father of 'Hibasuhime no Mikoto' (the Empress of the Emperor Suinin [later] and the mother of the Emperor Keiko) and the ancestor of the 'Lord of the Hoi County in Mikawa Province.'
- 6世紀中葉には、飛鳥周辺に仏教が伝わって来て、文化の高い所となってきた。
- In the middle of the sixth century, Buddhism was introduced in Asuka which made Asuka become a culturally sophisticated place.
- 今では稲葉幸蔵と名も改め、易者平澤左膳に身を装して鎌倉滑川に潜んでいる。
- Now he changed his name to Kozo INABA, and disguised himself as a fortune-teller Sazen HIRASAWA and lives in Kamakuranamekawa.
- 忍ぶの惣太実ハ吉田家家臣山田六郎・木の葉の峰蔵: 市川小團次 (4代目)
- Kodanji ICHIKAWA IV as Shinobu no Sota who is in fact Rokuro YAMADA: vassal of the Yoshida family, and Konoha no Minezo.
- なお 「東武」という言葉の由来については輪王寺・寛永寺等を参照されたい。
- Regarding the derivation of the word 'Tobu', please see the articles of Rinno-ji Temple and Kanei-ji Temple and so on.
- 『千葉大系図』:天長元年(824年) - 嘉承元年(848年)8月19日
- 'Chiba Taikeizu' (the extended genealogy of Chiba family) : 824 - September 23, 848
- 吾が大君ものな思ほし皇神の 継ぎて賜へる我なけなくに 万葉集 巻1-77
- The Empress, I serve you, you have nothing to worry about, because next to you, I was sent to you by Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess) and I am always with you; Manyoshu, Vo.1-77
- 譲葉丁銀(ゆずりはちょうぎん):萩古丁銀より細長い譲葉の様な形状のもの。
- Yuzuriha Chogin: These are Chogin in a longer Yuzuriha leaf shape than Hagiko Chogin.
- 「飛鳥時代」という時代区分は元々美術史や建築史で使われ始めた言葉である。
- The phrase 'the Asuka Period' originally began to be used in relation to the history of art and architecture.
- 「累葉朝宗(るいようちょうそう)して歳(としごと)に愆(あやま)らず。」
- We met all the kings of dynasties of your country and never failed to pay tributes every year.'
- 徴兵告諭に「血税」という言葉があったためとされ、「血税一揆」と呼ばれた。
- It was assumedly because the proclamation of conscription included the word 'ketsuzei' (blood tax,) and the uprising was called 'ketsuzei ikki' (blood tax uprising.)
- 昭和38年には村岡の外孫に当たる榛葉英治が、『史疑徳川家康』を出版した。
- In 1963, Eiji SHINBA, a sotomago (grandchild from a daughter married into another family) of Muraoka, published a document titled 'Question in History: Ieyasu TOKUGAWA'.
- ちなみに「奈良」や「寧楽」などは「なら」という発音の万葉仮名表記である。
- Incidentally, the pronunciation 'Nara' is written as '奈良' or '寧楽' based on Manyo-gana (an early Japanese syllabary composed of Chinese characters used phonetically).
- 公儀(こうぎ/くうぎ)とは、中世・近世において公権力を指して用いた言葉。
- Kogi (also referred to as Kugi) is the term used for 'official authority' in the middle and early modern ages.
- こうした事態に対して常重の子・千葉常胤はそうした事態に必死で立ち向かう。
- Tsunetane CHIBA, a son of Tsuneshige, struggled to fight back against such a circumstance.
- すなわち、山科家などから進献された葉竹を束ねたものを清涼殿東庭にたてた。
- That is, bamboo trunks given by Yamasina Family or other families were tied up together and built in the East Garden of Seiryoden.
- 妃は、『万葉集』の題詞から、天武天皇皇女の泊瀬部皇女であったと考えられる。
- Based on the daishi (foreword written in Chinese characters) of the 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), his wife was thought to have been the Princess of Emperor Tenmu, Princess Hatsusebe.
- 千葉県木更津市近辺にも、十市皇女やその子らの墓といわれるものが残っている。
- Also in the vicinity of Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, there remain what are said to be the burial mounds of Tochi no Himemiko and her children.
- 万葉集の歌の中に「御食国」(「御食津国」、「御食都国」とも)が確認できる。
- Miketsukuni could be found in the poems of the Manyoshu.
- やがて、灰吹銀を譲葉のような形状に叩き伸ばして極印を打った銀貨が登場した。
- At that time, a silver coin with a hallmark was introduced, and this was made by beating silver that had been refined by cupellation into a leaf shape.
- 当時「横山」とは多摩丘陵を指し、『万葉集』に「多摩の横山」と詠われている。
- At that time, 'yokoyama' referred to the Tama Hills and in 'Manyoshu' (the oldest anthology of Japanese poetry) the hills are called 'yokoyama in Tama.'
- 「目録」という言葉は一覧・リスト・カタログなどの意味で使われる場合が多い。
- The term mokuroku often refers to a table, a list or a catalogue.
- 「世以て耳目を驚す。未曽有なり」(『玉葉』正月6日条)と周囲を驚愕させた。
- The incident shocked everyone around: 'it startled eyes and ears; it was unprecedented' ('Gyokuyo' article of January six (old lunar calendar)).
- 沖縄のおでんはてびち(豚足)をメインとしており、旬の葉物野菜が添えられる。
- Oden in Okinawa uses tebichi (pettitoes) as the main ingredient, in addition to seasonal green vegetables.
- 水ヶ峯を過ぎ広葉樹林がしばらく続いたあと、尾根上の林道タイノ原線に合流する。
- After passing through Mizugamine, a broadleaf forest continues for a while, and the road meets Forestry Road Tainohara Route which extends on the ridge.
- 途中、9月3日に屯田予備兵とともに明治天皇の観閲を受け、慰労の言葉を賜った。
- On the way back tondenhei and reservists were reviewed by the Meiji Emperor and given words of thanks from him.
- この勅語は、明治天皇が神前で五箇条を誓った後、群臣に向けて下した言葉である。
- This ordinance was announced by the Emperor Meiji to a crowd of his subjects after having swore Five Articles before the altar.
- この報酬体系から丁稚は、しばしば丁稚奉公(江戸言葉では小僧奉公)と表される。
- The remuneration system was often called 'decchi boko' (kozo-boko in Edo dialect).
- 旅籠という言葉はもともとは旅の時、馬の飼料を入れる籠(かご)のことであった。
- The term hatago originally represented a basket to put a feed for horses during the trip.
- 肉身は金泥を塗り、衣は卍繋ぎや七宝繋ぎ、麻の葉繋ぎ等の截金文様が施されている
- Kindei is painted on the body, and connected 卍 patterns, connected shippo patterns and connected asa no ha patterns and so on are provided on the robe.
- 「漫画」という言葉は、字義的には「気の向くままに絵を描く」という意味である。
- The word 'manga' literally means 'drawing a picture at will.'
- 茎(実は葉柄)は高さ1mほどに伸び、先端は平らに開いて鳥足状に小葉をつける。
- The stalk (in fact, a leafstalk) grows to about 1 m in height with the leaf pedately divided into leaflets, which spread out horizontally at the tip of the stalk.
- 天皇が天災以外の理由で外国にお見舞いの言葉を贈ったのは前例のないことであった。
- It was unprecedented that the emperor sent his sympathies to foreign countries for other reasons besides natural disaster.
- 天智天皇が長く即位しなかったことは、7世紀中葉の政治史における謎の一つである。
- It was one of the mysteries of the mid-seventh century that Emperor Tenchi (Tenji) did not stay in power for a long time.
- その言葉に従って天平瓦と御神酒をの器をつくって天神地祗を祀り、勝利を祈願した。
- Iwarehikono mikoto followed his word and made Tenpyo tile as well as a cup for omiki (sacred wine or sake) and enshrined Tenjinchigi (gods of heaven and earth) to pray for their victory.
- “万葉集”に壬申の乱が平定されてからの歌として、その乱での功臣大伴御行の作品で
- The below is a poem written by the meritorious vassal of the Jinshin War OTOMO no Miyuki after the Jinshin War, included in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 賊軍(ぞくぐん)とは、「官軍」の対語で、日本史上その軍の正当性を否定する言葉。
- Rebel army is a term opposed to a term 'Imperial Army' which was made to deny legitimacy of some armies which appeared in the history of Japan.
- この柄頭は、三葉環頭と称されるもので、埋葬の直前に付け替えられたと考えられる。
- This tsuka gashira is called Sanyokanto, and it seems to have been replaced right before burial.
- 神奈川県の横浜市青葉区 (横浜市)鉄町や茨城県筑波谷和原村大字宮土などにある。
- There were Tekka Zuka in the areas including Kurogane Cho, Aoba Ward, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture and Oaza Miyado, Yarawa Mura, Tsukuba County, Ibaraki Prefecture.
- 天皇制絶対主義とは、講座派による日本近代における近代天皇制の体制を定義した言葉。
- Tennosei absolutism is the word which defined the modern Tennosei in modern day Japan by Kozaha (a group of Marxians).
- 証拠として黒主が取り出した『万葉集』の草子には、確かにその歌が書き込まれていた。
- Kuronushi showed his bound book of 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) as an evidence to prove that her poem was from it.
- ヒシの葉に似た文様の弁を4つ並べて花びらに見立てた形から花菱と付けられたという。
- The name hanabishi originates from the arrangement of four hishi-like (water chestnut-like) leaves as petals into a flower.
- 奥方の一葉は夫が裏切り者や卑怯者と謗られるのに耐えきれず涙ながらに苦渋を訴える。
- His wife Hitoha shed tears and expressed the intolerable hardship about her husband being abused as a traitor or coward.
- 若葉会は、明治38年(1905年)5月、在京新聞社の劇評記者によって組織された。
- The Wakaba-kai was organized in 1905 by drama critics of newspaper companies in Tokyo.
- 死後、現在の千葉県印旛郡印旛村にある、松虫寺に遺骨を納めたという言い伝えがある。
- There is a legend that after her death, her remains were buried in Matsumushi-dera Temple in present Imba Village, Imba County, Chiba Prefecture.
- 同年3月1日に13歳で薨去した(但し『玉葉』では2月29日戌刻薨去と記載する)。
- On April 14 of the same year, she died at the age of 13 (actually, it is recorded in 'Gyokuyo' that she died at around 8pm on April 13).
- 日本では、幕末に朝廷から一般民衆まで熱く論じられ、反体制運動の合言葉ともなった。
- In Japan, it was discussed passionately among people from Chotei Court officials to the general public at the end of the Edo period and became a watchword for the anti-establishment movement.
- 北条時政、熊谷直実、畠山重忠、梶原景時、三浦義澄、千葉常胤、上総広常 など多数。
- Tokimasa HOJO, Naozane KUMAGAI, Shigetada HATAKEYAMA, Kagetoki KAJIWARA, Yoshizumi MIURA, Tsunetane CHIBA, Hirotsune KAZUSA, and many others.
- 12世紀末葉には常滑焼の技術を受けて福井県丹生郡越前町で越前焼の生産が開始した。
- After acquiring the technique from Tokoname-yaki, Echizen-yaki Ware started to be manufactured in Echizen-cho, Nyu-gun, Fukui Prefecture at the end of the 12th century.
- 特に、局務と官務を並べて両局と称され、幕末には出納を加えた三催という言葉も現れた。
- Particularly, 'Kyokumu' and 'Kanmu' were collectively called 'both offices;' later, at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, 'Suino' was added and the three offices were collectively called 'Sansai.'
- 景観の悪化や、貴重な照葉樹林の損失など、むしろ弊害が大きく批判の対象となっている。
- Adverse effects including devastation of scenery and loss of precious laurel forest are prominent and it is subject to criticism.
- また万葉集にも登場し、三浦半島から房総半島へ抜ける古代の東海道が通っていたらしい。
- Kamakura was also described in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), suggesting that the ancient Tokaido ran from the Miura Peninsula and led to the Boso Peninsula.
- また科白のなかに「鼠」にちなむ言葉が散りばめられており、作者の機知をうかがわせる。
- In addition, there are lots of descriptions that are related to 'nezumi' (mouse) in the script, which shows the writer's wit.
- 『蔦紅葉宇都谷峠』は金原亭馬生の人情噺を原案として河竹黙阿弥が書いた世話物である。
- Tsutamomiji Utsunoya-toge (painted maples in Utsunoya-toge pass) was a sewamono play (basically concerned with the lives of the townspeople and merchants), written by Mokuami KAWATAKE, based on the ninjobanasi (human-interest story) by Basho KINGENTEI.
- 法興寺(千葉県いすみ市岬町岩熊)の伽藍跡の近くに「殿塚姫塚」と呼ばれる古墳がある。
- Near the temple building site of Hoko-ji Temple (Misaki-cho Iwakuma, Isumi City, Chiba Prefecture), there is a Kofun (tumulus) called 'Tonozuka Himezuka' (Prince mound Princess mound).
- 尊の「吾妻はや」という言葉とあわせると、ふたりは固い絆で結ばれていたことがわかる。
- Considering together with Yamatotakeru's word, 'Ah, my wife,' we can know how strong the bond between them was.
- 文学の面では古事記、日本書紀、万葉集、風土記など国内最古の史書や歌集が編纂された。
- In terms of literature, Japan's earliest history books and poem anthologies, such as 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and fudoki (description of regional climate, culture, etc.), were compiled.
- 「両替」という言葉は両替商で一両小判を秤量銀貨や銭貨に換(替)えたことに由来する。
- The Japanese word 'ryogae' (exchange) came from changing (in Japanese, 'kae' or 'gae') 1 ryo of koban at an exchange house into various other coins, such as hyoryo ginka and the copper coin.
- また、「土代」とは元は「土台」と同義語であり、文書などの下書きを指した言葉である。
- In addition, originally, 'Dodai' (土代) was a synonym of 'Dodai' (土台: base), which meant the draft of documents.
- 新渡戸の著作の影響もあり、Bushidoは、世界でそのまま通じる言葉となっている。
- Because of the Nitobe's book, Bushido is a common word in the world.
- 転じて、「○○について解説した本」として「解体新書」という言葉使われることがある。
- The term 'Kaitai Shinsho' has sometimes been converted to mean 'a book to explain about something.'
- 倭の五王の後、5世紀後葉から6世紀前葉にかけてヤマト王権内部の政治混乱が見られた。
- After the five kings of Wa, political confusion was observed inside the Yamato sovereignty in from the latter half of the fifth century to the first half of the sixth century.
- よって、「鎌倉幕府」や「室町幕府」という言葉はこの時代以降に考案されたものである。
- Therefore, the terms 'Kamakura bakufu' and 'Muromachi bakufu' were created after that time.
- 主に西日本を中心に行われるが、東日本では長野県、千葉県、茨城県でも散見されている。
- Fundoshi Iwai is mainly held among the western Japan, but it is also seen in some areas in eastern Japan such as Nagano, Chiba, and Ibaraki Prefectures.
- 更に頼芸は上総国万喜城(現在の千葉県いすみ市)のこちらも分流である土岐為頼を頼った。
- In addition, Yorinari relied on Tameyori TOKI, who was the head of a branch family of the Toki clan and castellan of Mangi-jo castle in Kazusa Province (present-day Isumi City, Chiba Prefecture).
- 福井県(嶺南)との県境には、舞鶴市最高峰である青葉山 (京都府・福井県)が所在する。
- Mt. Aoba (Kyoto Prefecture and Fukui Prefecture) which lies between the border with Fukui Prefecture (Reinan), is the highest peak in the city.
- - 病中の旻法師の部屋に見舞いに行き、直接やさしい言葉をかけた(白雉5年7月とも)。
- - He visited the room where Minhoshi was lying ill and directly offered kind words (also in July, 654).
- また、まったく根も葉もないことが人々を説得する論拠として通用するかという疑問もある。
- There is also a question whether such a completely unfounded supposition can be used as a premise to persuade the people.
- 中央下部に埋め金があり、譲葉金などの判金に足し金して量目を調整したものと考えられる。
- For the trace of additional gold at the middle of the bottom, it is considered that craftsmen added some gold to the past current coin which has been called Yuzuriha Kin (the shape and the period in which it was minted are unknown) to adjust its weight.
- 一方頼綱方の討手として得宗被官化した御家人の佐々木氏、今川氏、千葉氏なども加わった。
- On the other hand, the Sasaki clan, the Imagawa clan and the Chiba clan joined this attack as pursuer of Tokuso's vassal.
- 関東地方など東国の言葉が使われている事も多く、東歌ともに古代の生活様相を伝えている。
- Many of the poems are composed in eastern dialects such as that of the Kanto region and, along with Azumauta (eastern Japanese poems), depict ancient lifestyles.
- 武将(ぶしょう)とは軍人、武士など軍事に携わる人々のうち頭立った者を指す言葉である。
- Busho refers to those who stood out among people engaged in military affairs, such as a military officer and a samurai.
- 官庁内部の慣習法は例または行事という言葉で奈良時代からすでに法的に認められてはいた。
- Common law inside the ministries was already accepted as law, since the Nara period, through terms like rei and gyoji.
- また、武光誠氏は、「えみし」とは本来は「勇士」を表す言葉だったという説を唱えている。
- Incidentally, Makoto TAKEMITSU has a theory that 'Emishi' was originally a word to describe a 'warrior.'
- 元々は鎌倉時代に禅寺で採られていた、質素倹約を重視した食事の形式を指す言葉であった。
- Ichiju-issai originally meant a meal style emphasizing simplicity and frugality that had been taken in Zen temples in the Kamakura period.
- 皇位簒奪と言う言葉は、「皇位は不朽の万世一系によるもの」という思想から出る言葉である。
- The usurpation of the imperial throne derives from the thought that 'the Imperial Throne is by an everlasting unbroken imperial line.'
- また、稲葉氏の歴代藩主は短命な者が多く、享保年間には4人の藩主が相次いで死去している。
- Many successive lords of the Inaba clan were short-lived, and four of them died in quick succession during the Kyoho era.
- 稲葉正恒(まさつね)<不詳>【享保15年1月14日藩主就任-享保15年3月24日死去】
- Masatsune INABA < unknown > 'appointed as the lord of the domain on January 14, 1730 - died on March 24, 1730'
- 京阪バスが、京阪本線の樟葉駅と八幡市駅を軸に多数の系統を設けており利用率も充分によい。
- Keihan Bus offers a variety of networks mainly between Kuzuha Station and Yawatashi Station and has high passenger load factors.
- 幕府に提出された伊能図は、江戸城紅葉山文庫に秘蔵され、一般の目に触れることはなかった。
- Ino map submitted to Bakufu was secretly kept in Momijiyama Library in the Edo-jo Castle and never disclosed to the public.
- 万葉集巻第2 156~158番(高市皇子作の十市皇女への挽歌)*自作の歌はこの3首のみ
- Book Two of Manyoshu, poems 156 - 158 (Banka composed by Prince Takechi for Tochi no Himemiko) * These three are only poems composed by himself.
- 葉山御用邸は、1926年12月25日、大正天皇の崩御に伴い、皇太子裕仁親王が践祚した。
- Upon demise of Emperor Taisho in December 25, 1926, Crown Prince Hirohito succeeded to the imperial throne at the Hayama Goyotei.
- 詔(みことのり、御言宣、大御言)は、天皇の言葉、あるいは天皇の命令を直接に伝える文書。
- 'Mikotonori' (詔 or 御言宣), or 'Omikoto' (大御言) was a document of the emperor's words or orders to be directly conveyed.
- この2つを組み合わせてできたのが「尋常」という言葉で、並み、普通であることを意味する。
- These two Chinese characters combined to make a Chinese compound word 'jinjo' (尋常) meaning mediocre and ordinary.
- しかし、織田側後詰として横山城の抑えについていた稲葉良通らが援軍にかけつけ危機を救う。
- However, Yoshimichi INABA, who surrounded Yokoyama-jo Castle as a Oda's rear guard, and other warriors rushed to help save them from the crisis.
- 久留米で木葉の敗戦報告を聞いた両旅団長は南下を急ぐ一方、三池街道に一部部隊を分遣した。
- At Kurume, the two brigadier generals learned that their side was defeated in Konoha, and dispatched part of their brigades to the Miike Highway, while hastening the movement toward south.
- なお、近代以前には財閥という言葉は、多数の豪商を生み出した地域に付けられる事もあった。
- Incidentally, before the modern times the word zaibatsu was also used for areas in which many wealthy merchants had been born.
- そもそも、「武士」という言葉自体が平安時代から常用されていたのかというとそうでもない。
- To begin with, the word 'bushi' itself was not commonly used from the Heian period.
- この段階になると、「荘民」という言葉は用いられなくなり、自然に消滅していくことになる。
- At this stage, the term 'shomin' was no longer used as it gradually and naturally disappeared.
- 10月には都で北陸の援兵の計画が練られるが実際には援軍は派遣されなかった(『玉葉』)。
- In November or December (October by the old lunar calendar), a plan was developed to deliver reinforcements, but in reality, reinforcements were not dispatched ('Gyokuyo' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane)).
- また、徳川姓を名乗ること(他の一門は松平姓)や、三つ葉葵の家紋の使用などが許されていた。
- And they were allowed to call themselves Tokugawa (other 'ichimon', family-related clans of the Tokugawa family, called themselves Matsudaira), and also use 'Mitsuba-aoi no kamon' (family crest of three leaves of Hollyhock).
- 林春斎の言葉は各名勝地の記念碑に記されているが、全ての記念碑で紹介する順序が違っている。
- Words by Shunsai HAYASHI are inscribed on monuments of each scenic spot, the orders of introduction are different for each monument.
- 山腹には明日香村の保全に尽力した犬養孝氏揮毫の万葉歌碑(志貴皇子(巻1-51))がある。
- On the side of the hill, there is a stone monument on which a Manyo poem (a poem included in 'Manyoshu' [Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves]) (by Prince Shiki; Volume 1, No. 51) is inscribed in calligraphy by Takashi INUKAI who worked for the conservation of the Asuka village.
- ナギがなぎ(和ぎ)に通じることから、神籬(儀式の依り代としての枝葉の意)として使われる。
- As the tree nagi is associated with '和ぎ (nagi: calmness), it is used as hiromogi (which means the branches and leaves as the yorishiro for Shinto rituals).
- 507年2月、樟葉宮(くすばのみや、大阪府枚方市楠葉丘の交野天神社付近が伝承地)で即位。
- The enthronement took place in Kusuba no miya Palace (the traditional place is the area near Katano-tenjinsha Shrine in Kuzuhaoka district, Hirakata City, Osaka Prefecture) in February, 507.
- 夕されば 小倉の山に 鳴く鹿は こよひは鳴かず 寝ねにけらしも -『万葉集』巻第九より-
- Yusareba Ogurano yamani nakushika wa koyoiwa nakazu nenenikerashimo ('Manyoshu,' Volume Nine)
- 水道は江戸っ子の自慢の物の一つで、「水道の水を産湯に使い」などと言う言葉がよく使われる。
- The water works were a source of pride for the peoploe of Edo, and they are noted as saying that '[they] used tap water to give [their] newborns [their] first bath.'
- 御門葉とは清和源氏の一門のうち鎌倉幕府において鎌倉殿の一門としての処遇を受けた者をいう。
- The term 'gomonyo' referred to those who, among the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), were treated as a family of Kamakura-dono (Lord of Kamakura) in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 「武士道」という言葉が日本で最初に記された書物は、高坂昌信著とされる「甲陽軍鑑」である。
- The first book including the word 'Bushido' in Japan was 'Koyo Gunkan (record of the military exploits of the Takeda family)' which is considered to have been written by Masanobu KOSAKA.
- また万葉集によれば、同じ赤兄の外孫である穂積親王も但馬皇女との密通が露見して左遷された。
- According to 'Manyoshu' (the oldest anthology of tanka), Imperial Prince Hozumi, a sotomago of Akae, was accused of adultery with Tajima no Himemiko and demoted.
- これは、『吾妻鏡』『玉葉』『平家物語』の義経が一ノ谷の陣を攻略したという記述と矛盾する。
- This contradicts with the depictions of Yoshitsune capturing the Ichinotani camp in the books of 'Azuma Kagami,' 'Gyokuyo,' and 'Heike Monogatari.'
- 九条兼実の日記『玉葉』では搦手の義経が丹波城(三草山)を落とし、次いで一ノ谷を落とした。
- According to 'Gyokuyo,' a Diary of Kanezane KUJO, Yoshitsune who was the leader of the Karamete troops (the force attacking the rear of the enemy force or a castle) took Tanba-jo Castle (Mikusa-yama Mountain) and continued to take the Ichinotani fortress.
- 兼実は「未だ貴種高僧のかくの如き難に遭ふを聞かず」(『玉葉』11月22日条)と慨嘆した。
- Kanezane lamented, 'I have never heard of a high priest of noble birth who had such hardship' ('Gyokuyo,' entry of January 13, 1184).
- このため声調、言葉づかい、話しかたなどによって登場人物の個性を印象づける工夫がなされる。
- Therefore, the storyteller contrives to convey the personality of each character by differentiating their tone of voice, choice of words, way of talking, and other factors.
- 植物の葉に似ており、二方向の平行線を重ねるか、比較的太めの線を斜めに切れば製作できる文様
- A pattern that resembles a leaf by combining two pairs of parallel lines, with each of the pairs in a different direction, or cutting a comparatively wide line crossly at two portions.
- 『万葉集』巻6に、神亀4年正月に王子諸臣が春日野に集まり、打毬をおこなったことが見える。
- According to 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) Vol. 6, royal princes and their retainers gathered to play Dakyu at Kasugano in the New Year 727.
- 金沢行き(北陸ハイウェイバス)、上野駅、千葉中央駅行き、東京ミッドナイトエクスプレス宇治号
- For Kanazawa (Hokuriku Highway Bus), Ueno Station, Chiba-chuo Station, and The Tokyo Midnight Express Uji-go bus
- 英語における天皇を意味する言葉は、原則として大文字の E を用いたEmperor である。
- A word meaning Tenno in English is basically Emperor with capital E.
- 「みかど」とは本来御所の御門のことであり、禁裏・禁中・内裏は御所そのものを指す言葉である。
- Mikado' originally means the gate of the Imperial Palace, and Kinri, Kinchu, and Dairi mean the Imperial Palace itself.
- このため、仏教とは一切関係無く、仏事と関わり合いそうな言葉が多いのは、全くの当て字に因る。
- Therefore, the reason why there are many words which have no relation with Buddhism but seems to have a relation with butsuji is just phonetic equivalents.
- 東京府、神奈川県、埼玉県、熊谷県、千葉県、足柄県、新治県、茨城県、栃木県、宇都宮県、山梨県
- Tokyo Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, Saitama Prefecture, Kumagaya Prefecture, Chiba Prefecture, Ashigara Prefecture, Nihari Prefecture, Ibaraki Prefecture, Tochigi Prefecture, Utsunomiya Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture
- しかし、士農工商の言葉は部落差別を連想させるとして、現在は放送禁止用語として扱われている。
- The term shi-no-ko-sho is currently a word which is prohibited on radio and television because the term has been associated with buraku-sabetsu (contemporary discrimination against burakumin (people who come from or live in special hamlets)).
- 9世紀中葉ごろから、郡司・富豪層が運搬する進納物資を略奪する群盗海賊の横行が目立ち始めた。
- Starting around the middle of the ninth century, robbers and pirates who plundered goods conveyed by the gunji or rich and powerful persons became rampant.
- 後醍醐天皇が政治理念を標榜した言葉として『梅松論』にある「現在の例もかつては新義であった。
- Emperor Godaigo's conception of politics is encapsulated best by his speech, recorded in the 'Baishoron' (a war chronicle of the Nanboku period): 'Even the examples and precedents of today were once new principles.
- 千葉常重によって成立した相馬御厨は伊勢神宮に寄進されたが、藤原親通や源義朝から脅かされる。
- Soma-mikuriya, which was established by Tsuneshige CHIBA, was donated to the Ise-jingu Shrine but threatened by FUJIWARA no Chikamichi and MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo.
- 一汁一菜は、おかずが一品のみしかない「質素な食事(粗食)」の意味で用いられた言葉であった。
- The word ichiju-issai was used to mean 'a simple meal' (also called soshoku) comprising only one dish.
- 北条氏は、得宗と呼ばれる嫡流を中心に名越、赤橋、常葉、塩田、金沢、大仏などの諸家に分かれた。
- The Hojo clan was composed of the head family called Tokuso and branch families including the Nagoshi, Akahashi, Tokiwa, Shiota, Kanazawa and Osaragi.
- 岡部氏の後に入封した稲葉紀通は暗愚な人物で、家中や領民に対して悪政を敷くという暴君であった。
- Norimichi INABA, who took over the domain after the Okabe clan was a tyrant, who ruled over his retainers and people with incompetence.
- 弓削皇子からの相聞歌が万葉集2・119~122にあるが、弓削皇子と結婚したという史料はない。
- Although Nos. 119 to 122 in the volume two of Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) are the romantic poems exchanged between her and Yuge no miko (the Prince Yuge), there are no historical documentation that attests to their marriage.
- 田形皇女自身は歌を残していないが、夫の六人部王と娘の笠縫女王の歌が『万葉集』に残されている。
- There is no poetry by the Princess Takata found, but 'Manyoshu' (the oldest anthology of poetry) contained the poems written by her husband, Mutobe no o and her daughter, the Princess KASA no Nui.
- ちなみに、稲葉氏の歴代藩主の中でもっとも有名な藩主は第12代(最後)の藩主・稲葉正邦である。
- The most prominent figure among the lords of the Inaba clan was Masakuni INABA, the twelfth (and last) lord.
- 区内には「大宮秋葉山」「西賀茂船山」のように、末尾に「町」字を付さない町名が一部に存在する。
- There are some towns which have no letter of '町' (read as 'cho,' meaning town) as a suffix, such as 'Omiya Akibasan' and 'Nishigamo Funayama.'
- そのため1934年の国立公園指定当時の記念切手や絵葉書には鞆の風景が描かれているものがある。
- Therefore, the landscapes of Tomo was depicted in some commemorative postage stamps and postcards which were printed in the year of the national park designation of 1934.
- 鮮新世前後に活動していた火山が侵食した結果、現在の青葉山の山体が形成されたと推定されている。
- It is considered that the present mountain shape of Mt. Aoba was formed by the erosion of a volcano that was active around the Pliocene.
- なおこの際『万葉集』卷1に吹芡刀自(ふふきのとじ:侍女と思われる)が十市の歌を作ったとある。
- Furthermore, Fufuki no Toji (who is thought to have been a lady's maid) is referred to in 'Manyoshu' Book One as having written a poem for Tochi at that time.
- 宮将軍(みやしょうぐん)とは、鎌倉時代に征夷大将軍に任じられた4人の親王をまとめて指す言葉。
- Miyashogun (shogun from the Imperial Court) refers to the term that specifies four imperial princes who were assigned to seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') during the Kamakura period.
- しかも、この言葉は福澤諭吉の言葉ではなく、アメリカ合衆国のアメリカ独立宣言からの引用である。
- This is not FUKUZAWA's original idea, but a citation from the Constitution of the United States of America.
- しかし、九州帝国大学医学部教授の中山平次郎が、万葉集の記述などを検討し福岡城址説を提唱した。
- But Heijiro NAKAYAMA, the professor of the Medical Department of Kyushu Imperial University, advocated an opiion that the construction site of Korokan was the ruins of Fukuokajo Castle after examining records including Manyoshu.
- 娯楽:花見、潮干狩り、花火日本での歴史、紅葉紅葉狩り、江戸三座、大相撲、成田参詣、お伊勢参り
- Entertainment: cherry blossom viewing, shell gathering, fireworks in the Japanese history, viewing of autumnal leaves, Edo's three licensed kabuki theaters, grand sumo tournament, visit to Naritasan Shinsho-ji Temple, and pilgrimage to Ise (Shrine)
- 『吾妻鏡』と『平家物語』を創作であると捨てて、厳密に『玉葉』のみを採れば、下記の記述がある。
- If we eliminate 'Azuma Kagami' and 'Heike Monogatari' due to their fictional natures, strictly interpreting only Gyokuyo,' then the depictions of the battles would change to the following.
- 同日、中納言・藤原朝方以下43人が解官された(『吉記』『百錬抄』同日条、『玉葉』29日条)。
- On the same day, 43 government officials including chunagon (vice-councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Tomokata were dismissed ('Kikki' and 'Hyakuren sho,' entry of January 19; 'Gyokuyo,' entry of January 20).
- 孵化した幼生はフィロソーマ幼生(Phyllosoma)、または葉状幼生と呼ばれる形態である。
- The hatched larvae are called Phyllosoma and they are shaped like a leaf.
- 稲葉正知(まさとも)<従四位下。丹後守>【享保8年5月1日藩主就任-享保14年5月29日死去】
- Masatomo INABA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on May 1, 1723 - died on May 29, 1729'
- びわ湖温泉はかつて、ホテル紅葉(1964年開業)を中心とするレジャーランドとして有名であった。
- Biwako-onsen Hot Spring was formerly famous as a leisure complex in which Hotel Koyo (year of opening: 1964) played a central role.
- かつて御食国だった地域では、「御食国」という言葉を一種のブランドとして観光振興に使用している。
- In the areas that were Miketsukuni once, the word 'Miketsukuni' is now used for promoting tourism as one of the brand names.
- ちなみに垂仁天皇の次の皇后である日葉酢媛命は彦坐王の子である丹波道主王の女であり、姪に当たる。
- Hibasuhime, the next Empress of Emperor Suinin, was a daughter of Hikoimasu no miko's son Tanbanomichinoshi no kami, and a niece of Sahohime no mikoto.
- しかし幕府方の本多忠政・稲葉正成などにより阻止され、被害は行軍に支障をきたす程度にとどまった。
- However, it was prevented by Tadamasa HONDA, Masashige INABA and others of the bakufu only to give a little trouble to their advances.
- 天平8年(736年)に新羅へ派遣される遣新羅使が筑紫館で詠んだ歌が『万葉集』に収録されている。
- 'Manyoshu' includes a poem composed at Tsukushi-no-murotsumi by a Japanese envoy dispatched to the Shilla Kingdom in 736.
- これを認められた家は御門葉と呼ばれ、格式では将軍家に次ぐ扱いを受け、他の御家人と一線を画した。
- Families that were acknowledged as monyo were called gomonyo and treated second to the shogun family in social status; this drew the line at other gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods).
- 漢字の音と訓をたくみに組み合わせて日本語を記す万葉仮名が用いられていることも大きな特徴である。
- Its significant feature is the use of Manyo-gana (a form of syllabary used in the Manyo-shu) which describes Japanese language by combining on and kun readings of Chinese characters.
- そんなとき、小川武平が請願へ千葉町に上京したとき、夜店で福澤諭吉の「学問のすゝめ」を購入した。
- Meanwhile, Buhei Ogawa purchased a book 'Gakumon no susume' (recommendation of studying) written by Yukichi FUKUZAWA at a night stall when he went to Chiba town to petition.
- そのことから、山の手を攻めたのは『玉葉』で明記されている通り、多田行綱であろうとする説もある。
- In consideration of his position, some scholars expressed the theory that Yukitsuna TADA was the commander who attacked the fortress on the hilly section of the city, as clearly stated in 'Gyokuyo.'
- 江戸城内曲輪は、本城(本丸、二の丸、三の丸)、西丸、紅葉山、吹上御庭、西丸下で構成されていた。
- Edo-jo castle was build up with Honjo (the keep of castle) consisting of Honmaru (inner citadel), Ninomaru (second citadel) and Sannomaru (third citadel), Nishinomaru palace, Momiji-yama Mountain, Fukiage garden, Nishinomarushita (西丸下) (residence of the Matsudaira clans).
- 「一々の申状、義仲等に斉しからず」(『玉葉』10月2日条)と朝廷を大いに喜ばせるものであった。
- It said 'Each moshijo was not equivalent to Yoshinaka' (一々の申状,義仲等に斉しからず) ('Gyokuyo,' entry of October 26) and the contents pleased the Imperial Court.
- 「その数、雲霞の如し」(『兵範記』)、「帯箭の輩、院中に満つ」(『玉葉』)という状況となった。
- The situation was 'they were like the clouds and haze in number' (quoted from 'Heihanki') and 'there were warriors all over the place' (quoted from 'Gyokuyo').
- だが「火落ち」「火落ち菌」といった言葉が用いられるようになったのは明治時代以降のことだという。
- But it is said that the usage of the words, 'hiochi', 'hiochi bacteria', has begun to be used since the Meiji period.
- 茎に見立てた曲線と草の葉に見立てた菱形の截箔を組み合わせ、蔓などの植物が絡み合う様子を表す文様
- A pattern combining curved-line pieces of gold leaf, imitating stalks, and lozenge-shaped pieces of gold leaf, imitating grass leaves, to express intertwined plants, for example, ivies.
- しかし、食生活の欧米化や飽食が問題視されるようになった近年はむしろ良い意味の言葉とされている。
- However, it has acquired a rather positive meaning with the westernization of dietary habits and food satiation are becoming a problem in recent years.
- また、夜になれば秋葉神社に参拝し残り火で餅を焼き、これを食すれば病魔除けになると言われている。
- In the evening, people visit Akiba-jinja Shrine and eat mochi grilled on the embers, and it is said that they are protected from diseases.
- 建設と言う言葉自体が明治時代に外来語を翻訳した時に出来た和製熟語でありそれ以前は普請と言った。
- The word '建設' (kensetsu) was created by translating the English word into Japanese during the Meiji period, and replaced the previous word '普請'(fushin).
- 稲葉正誼(まさよし)<従五位下。丹後守>【天保13年7月20日藩主就任-嘉永元年10月9日死去】
- Masayoshi INABA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on July 20, 1842 - died on October 9, 1848'
- 稲葉正発(まさはる)<従五位下。対馬守>【文化12年4月25日藩主就任-文政6年6月21日死去】
- Masaharu INABA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on April 25, 1815 - died on June 21, 1823'
- 稲葉正備(まさなり)<従四位下。丹後守>【文化3年10月12日藩主就任-文化12年3月8日死去】
- Masanari INABA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on October 12, 1806 - died on March 8, 1815'
- 稲葉正弘(まさひろ)<従五位下。美濃守>【明和8年11月20日藩主就任-安永2年9月12日死去】
- Masahiro INABA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on November 20, 1771 - died on September 12, 1773'
- 旅亭 紅葉は倒産に先立って、ジャパンレジャーサービスグループ(略称:JLS/京都市)へ売却した。
- Ryotei Koyo had been sold to Japan Leisure Service Group Co., Ltd. in Kyoto City, which is abbreviated to JLS, before the bankruptcy.
- 「東京行幸」は行幸と言う言葉を使い、その形態を装っているが、実質的な奠都と言う意味で用いられる。
- Tokyo Gyoko' seems to mean just an ordinary Gyoko, but it practically means the establishment of the capital.
- ただし、近代の事件を指して謀反の語を使うことはまれであり、基本的に前近代の事件を指す言葉である。
- It is unusual to use this term to refer to incidents in the modern times (basically the term can be used for incidents in the premodern times).
- 古くは『十七条憲法』のような例があり、現代の例では20世紀末葉に現れた『万歳三唱令』などがある。
- In ancient times there were examples such as 'the Seventeen-Article Constitution,' and in modern time there is the example such as 'three banzais (cheers) decree' which appeared at the end of 20th century.
- 落人(おちゅうど、おちうど)は、戦闘に敗れて僻地に隠遁したもの、およびその末裔を指す言葉である。
- Ochudo (or ochiudo) indicates persons who were defeated in a fight and escaped to and lived in a remote rural area or the person's descendants.
- 平安時代中葉には正法・像法各千年説が有力となって永承7年(1052年)が末法の初年と考えられた。
- In the middle of the Heian period, the theory of 1,000 years for Shobo and Zobo was popular, and the year 1052 was considered to be the first year of Mappo.
- これで、「相馬郡布施郷」(大雑把に茨城県北相馬郡)の千葉氏の領有権は確実なものになるはずだった。
- The foregoing was supposed to ensure the territorial right of the Chiba clan over the 'Fuse-go village, Soma county,' which roughly corresponds to today's Kitasoma-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture.
- また相馬郷については「且被裁免畢」と千葉氏のもとへの返却を実現するが、立花郷は戻ってこなかった。
- Restitution of the Soma-go village to the Chiba clan was '且被裁免畢' and realized, but the Tachibana-go village was not brought back.
- 1814年の葛飾北斎の北斎漫画により、「漫画」は戯画風のスケッチを指す意味の言葉として広まった。
- The word 'manga' was spread as a word meaning a sketch like a caricature by Hokusai Manga (Hokusai's sketches) which was painted by Hokusai KATSUSHIKA in 1814.
- 摂家との強い結びつきは「源氏と雖も、土御門右丞相の子孫は御堂の末葉に入る」(『台記』)といわれた。
- According to a dairy written by FUJIWARA no Yorinaga called 'Taiki,' strong ties with the sekke meant, 'Even though the descendants of TSUCHIMIKADO, the Ushojo (Udaijin), are of the Minamoto clan, they count as Michinaga's descendants.'
- 稲葉正任(まさとう)<従五位下。美濃守>【享保14年7月16日藩主就任-享保15年1月12日死去】
- Masato INABA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on July 16, 1729 - died on January 12, 1730'
- 頼朝の軍は石橋山の戦い(神奈川県小田原市)では敗北して、いったん安房国(千葉県南部)へ引き下がる。
- Yoritomo's army was defeated in the Battle of Ishibashiyama (Odawara City Kanagawa Prefecture) and once retreated to Awa Province (the south of Chiba Prefecture).
- 「よきひとのよしとよくみて、よしといひし、よしのよくみよ、よきひとよくみつ」(『万葉集』)は有名。
- 'Look carefully over this Yoshino which great people observed as a great place and admired. Great men, look over Yoshino well' ('Manyoshu' [Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves]) is a famous poem.
- 日本書紀垂仁天皇三十二年七月の条によれば、日酢葉媛命が崩御した後の葬儀の際、天皇が群卿にと問うた。
- According to the article of the seventh month of the 32nd year of Emperor Suinin's reign of the Nihonshoki, after Hibasuhime no mikoto's death, the Emperor inquired of maetsukimitachi (court nobles and ruling lords) about the next thing during her funeral.
- この宴には当時、内舎人であった大伴家持も出席し、その時、家持が詠んだ歌が「万葉集」に残されている。
- In this party, OTOMO no Yakamochi who was at that time Udoneri (Central Secretariat officer) participated and composed a poem which remains in Manyoshu (the oldest anthology of Japanese poetry).
- 千点以上の観音像を描き、三千点という樒葉(しきみば)観音像を創り、檀家や寺社がこれを求めたという。
- She is said to have painted more than 1,000 Kannon figures and more than 3,000 Shikimiba Kannon (images of Kannon made of powdered leaves of Japanese star anise), which had all been solicited by parishioners and other temples.
- 15年2月(紀元前15年)、丹波道主王の女たちを後宮に入れ、8月にその中から日葉酢媛を皇后とした。
- In February, 15 B.C., he had the daughters of Tanbano Michino Ushino Mikoto enter the kokyu (empress's residence) and, in September, designated Hibasuhime to be the empress.
- この「鎖国」という言葉は、その際の新造語であり、実際に鎖国という言葉が普及するのは明治以降である。
- While the term 'Sakoku' was newly coined at that time, it was not widely used until the Meiji period.
- そして、除目が発表された時には頼朝と義経の仲は険悪化しており、義経は事実上御門葉とは認めなかった。
- Also, the relationship between Yoritomo and Yoshitsune was strained at the point that Jimoku was made public, so Yoshitsune wasn't factually acknowledged as a gomonyo.
- 明治時代以降の歴史学者は士農工商の言葉を江戸時代の実際の身分制度を表すものと解釈するようになった。
- Historians after the Meiji period started to take the term shi-no-ko-sho as the real class system in the Edo period.
- 下山の言葉に乗った信雄は直ちに国境にあった丸山城 (伊賀国)を修築し、侵略の拠点とすることにした。
- Nobuo who was in on Shimoyama's words immediately repaired Maruyama-jo Castle (Iga Province) located on the border and decided to make it a foothold.
- 自由民権運動の頃から批判の対象とされ、大正デモクラシーでは「閥族打破・憲政擁護」が合言葉とされた。
- It was the subject of criticism since the time of the Freedom and People's Rights and 'Dispel clique group. Defend constitutional government' was the slogan of Taisho Democracy.
- この法に対する「万事・万物が逆で道も法もない」との批判は、このような事情を背景にした言葉であった。
- The criticism that 'Everything is the wrong way round, and there is neither a way nor law' stemmed from this state of affairs.
- 1688年『庭訓往来図讃』では、頭書に挿絵を509葉用意、それぞれの挿絵に要語略解をも付けている。
- In 1688, the book 'Teikin Orai Zusan' (Home Education Textbook, the illustrated edition) contained 509 illustrations above the sentences, each supplied with simple comments on keywords.
- 郡は、六世紀の中葉頃の欽明朝に屯倉の設置が拡大されていき、ヤマト政権の地方政治組織となっていった。
- Districts grew from the established miyake during the reign of Emperor Kinmei in the mid-sixth century to become part of the local administration organization of the Yamato Dynasty.
- 千葉常胤はこれを回復し、再度伊勢神宮に寄進するが、平家政権になると、佐竹義宗に奪い取られてしまう。
- Tsunetane CHIBA recaptured Soma-mikuriya and donated it again to the Ise-jingu Shrine, but when the Heike government took over the regime, it was captured by Yoshimune SATAKE.
- のち、煮込み田楽が女房言葉で田楽の「でん」に接頭語「お」を付けた「おでん」と呼ばれるようになった。
- Later on, Nikomi Dengaku came to be called 'Oden,' a term consisting of 'den' as in Dengaku and 'o,' which is a prefix used in lady's language.
- 麻の葉に似ることに由来し、正六角形の中に正三角形を六つ並べ、正三角形の中心と三つの頂点を結んだ文様
- A pattern that is named after it resembles a hemp leaf, placing six regular triangles within a regular hexagon, and connecting the center of each triangle to each of its three apexes in line.
- 同じ歌道の理念である有心(うしん)とともに並び用いられることが多いが、本来は別の意味の言葉である。
- It is often used together with Ushin that is also an idea of the art of waka poetry but they have originally different meanings.
- また、粉状であるために茶葉の成分が溶け出しやすく、鮮やかな色合いで味の濃い茶を煎れることができる。
- As konacha is powdery, this tea can easily dissolve in water, and a strong tea of a vivid green color can be brewed.
- - 「無事帰る」と言う言葉に掛けて、ただし生きているカエルより置物などとしてその効果が期待される。
- It is associated with the expression 'Buji Kaeru' (coming safely back home), and an ornament of a frog is thought to be more effective than a live frog.
- また「挟物」と言って、懐紙・履物・木の葉・土器・短刀など様々な物を串に挟んで的にすることもあった。
- Also, people sometimes make their mato by putting various things such as kaishi (Japanese tissue), a shoe, a leaf, earthenware, and a short sward between two sticks, and such mato are called 'hasamimono.'
- 代わって摂津国中島藩から稲葉紀通が4万5700石で入るが、慶安元年(1648年)8月に改易となった。
- Norimichi INABA took over the domain with 45,700 koku from the Nakajima Domain in the Settsu Province, but was punished by Kaieki (removal of samurai status and expropriation of territories) in August 1648.
- 持統5年(691年)、川島皇子が死亡した時、万葉集巻2 194-195に柿本人麻呂が献じた歌がある。
- When Kawashima no miko died in 691, KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro devoted waka poems, which are Nos. 194 and 195 in the volume two of Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- このような地理的条件から大伴旅人などによる万葉集に詠まれるように、古代より潮待ちの港と知られていた。
- Because of this particular topographical feature, Tomonoura became known as Shiomachi no minato (a port for awaiting a favorable tide) from ancient times onward, as chanted in some poems composed by Tabito OTOMO and others, in Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 古代に国造が分立した時代には、青葉山を境にして、東側がヤマト王権の領土で、西側が丹国の領土であった。
- In ancient times when many provinces existed, the east side of Mt. Aoba was a territory of the Yamato authorities and the west side that of Ni Province.
- 外観は2,3歳から3,4歳ほどの子供のような姿で、木の葉で作った衣服、または青い色の衣服を着ている。
- Kinoko looks like a two/three-year old or three/four-year old child, wearing clothes made of leaves or blue clothes.
- 大伴家持(おおとも の やかもち、718頃-785)は『万葉集』を編纂した奈良時代有数の歌人である。
- OTOMO no Yakamochi (Around 718 - 785) was one of the greatest poets during the Nara period, who compiled the 'Manyoshu'(the oldest anthology of tanka).
- 仏滅や友引という、仏事と関わり合いそうな言葉が多く使われているが、仏教では、釈迦は占いを禁じている。
- Many words which seem to be associated with butsuji (Buddhist memorial service) are used, such as butsumetsu or tomobiki, but, in Buddhism, Shaka (Buddha) have banned fortune-telling.
- 中国では「南船北馬」という言葉があるように、長江を中心に水路が入り組んだ南方において水軍が発展した。
- In China, as the phrase 'south ship north horse (travel far and wide) indicates, suigun navy developed in the south, mainly in the area along the Yangtze River, where a maze of waterways ran through.
- なお、明治天皇の言葉といっても、天皇自身が声に出した言葉ではなく、実際には三条実美が読み上げている。
- The Emperor Meiji didn't actually read out these sentences but Sanetomi SANJO read out in behalf of the Emperor.
- 鉄剣に紀年が書かれていないが、木棺に収められていた鋲留短甲と鉄鏃の形式から五世紀中葉と見られている。
- The iron sword does not have an era, but it seems to have been made in the middle of the fifth century from the shape of short metal body armor with rivets and iron arrowhead collected in the wooden coffin.
- 貞享元年(1684年):若年寄稲葉正休が、本丸で大老堀田正俊を殺害し、正休もその場で殺害された事件。
- 1684: Wakadoshiyori, Masayasu INABA killed chief minister Masatoshi HOTTA in Honmaru (the keep of a castle), and he was also killed on the spot.
- 時代によって地域によって言葉が指す内容(社会関係上の立場や就業形態や排他的業務など)は大きく異なる。
- Depending on time or region, the contents (positions, employment forms and exclusive duties on social affiliation) indicated by the term Hinin are greatly different.
- そして、『玉葉』は1~2千騎という源氏の兵力は無視して、数万騎という平氏の兵力のみを採ることになる。
- And they adopt several tens of thousands for the Taira clan, ignoring 'Gyokuyo,' which describes the cavalry number of Minamoto clan as one to two thousand.
- そして、美濃攻略に着手、5年の歳月をかけて美濃を奪うと稲葉山城に本拠を置いて天下の経営に乗り出した。
- Then, he commenced attacking Mino and, after obtaining Mino by a spending five-year period, placed his base in the Inabayama-jo Castle and started to take part in administration of state.
- 「下剋上する成出者」と二条河原の落書に唄われ戦国時代 (日本)の社会的風潮を象徴する言葉ともされる。
- The term also appeared in the phrase 'Those who establish themselves by gekokujo (overthrowing their lords)' in the book 'Scrawlings from the Nijo gawara,' coming to be used as a symbol of the social tendencies of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) in Japan.
- 和歌では、『後拾遺和歌集』、『金葉和歌集』、『詞花和歌集』、『千載和歌集』の勅撰和歌集が編纂された。
- As for waka, chokusen wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) including 'Goshui Wakashu' (fourth imperial anthology), 'Kinyo Wakashu' (Kinyo Collection of Japanese poems), 'Shika Wakashu' (shika collection of Japanese poems), 'Senzai Wakashu' (Collection of Japanese Poems of a Thousand Years), were compiled.
- メカブ(和布蕪)は、ワカメの付着器の上にある、葉状部の中で厚い折れ重なってひだ状になった部分である。
- Mekabu seaweed is the thick, folded part of the phyllodes of wakame seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) that is located above its appressoria.
- ぬめりが多いことや葉状部とは大きく形が異なることからコンブの一部あるいは一種と誤解されることもある。
- Since it is slimy and its shape is significantly different from blades, mekabu seaweed is sometimes misunderstood as a part of or a type of sea kelp.
- 菖蒲湯(しょうぶゆ)とは5月5日の端午の節句の日に、ショウブの根や葉を入れて沸かす風呂のことである。
- Shobuyu is the bathwater heated with iris roots and leaves in it on Tango no Sekku (Boys' Day) of May 5.
- 近隣には古河公方と親密な結城氏、千葉氏の勢力が存在し、真里谷氏はその下風に立たざるを得なくなっていた。
- However, as there were influential families nearby, such as the Yuki clan, the Chiba clan, both of which had close relationship with Koga-kubo, the Mariya clan had no choice but to fall under the sway of their influence.
- なお、2003年9月の京阪本線ダイヤ改正に際して、八幡市長が京阪に対して樟葉駅への特急停車を要請した。
- For reference, the Mayor of Yawata City requested Keihan Electric Railway that special express trains stop at Kuzuha Station upon the timetable revision of September, 2003.
- 現在の保津川下りは、春のツツジ(亀岡市の花)や秋の紅葉などを楽しもうと、四季折々多くの観光客が訪れる。
- The current Hozu-gawa River trip is popular among many tourists from season to season, to see, for example, rhododendrons in spring (Kameoka City's flower) and colored leaves in autumn.
- さらに季節によっては落石があったり、落ち葉や雪が積もっていたりして、大変走行しにくい道路となっている。
- Besides, having rock fall, fallen leaves, and snowfall in some seasons, the road is extremely difficult to be traveled.
- 千葉県では利根川のほとりで猫ほどの大きさの小動物が木に登り、通行人に砂を振りまいたことがあったという。
- In Chiba Prefecture, it was reported that an animal as small as a cat climbed onto a tree by the Tone River and sprinkled sand on travelers walking under the tree.
- しかし、言葉が通じず、強引に隊列を横切ろうとする水兵に対し、滝が槍で突きかかり軽傷を負わせてしまった。
- However, as the sailors could not understand his words and muscled to cross the array, TAKI slightly injured them by tilting with the spear.
- 事件名は、処刑された重臣のうちの筆頭格である渡辺在綱の家が「青松葉」といわれていたことからとっている。
- The name of the incident comes from 'Aomatsuba' which was the name of the house of Aritsuna WATANABE who was the head of the executed vassals.
- さらに、古墳時代中期中葉(5世紀中ごろ)からは、巫女などの人物埴輪やウマや犬などの動物埴輪が登場した。
- In the middle of Tumulus period (the middle of fifth century), Haniwa figure of men such as priestess, and animal-shaped Haniwa such as horse-shaped, and dog-shaped appeared.
- 中期後葉の東北地方南部では複式炉をともなう住居が現れ、中部地方とくに長野県などでは石敷の住居も現れる。
- By the end of the mid-Jomon period, dwellings with fukushiki-ro (fireplaces consisting of an arrangement of stones composed of two parts) began to appear in southern Tohoku region, along with houses with stone-laid floors in the Chubu region, especially Nagano Prefecture.
- ちなみに「節用」という言葉の語源はかつて『論語』学而篇の「節用而愛人」(節約の意)からと言われていた。
- It used to be believed that the origin of the word, 'setsuyo' had been a phrase, 'Yo wo setsushi hito wo aisu' (meaning economy in the use of resources and affection for the people) in XueEr of 'Lun-yu'(Analects of Confucius).
- 甲の前楯に麻の葉繋ぎ文が施され、金泥盛り上げ彩色や銅製金具などと相まって鎌倉後期の趣向がよく現れている
- A taste in the late Kamakura period is seen clearly on this statue in the following way: An inter-twined asa no ha pattern is provided on the front shield of the armor, colors are provided by thickly adding kindei on the surface, and copper fittings are also used.
- 親藩(一門)のうち最高位にあり、将軍家や御三卿とともに徳川姓を名乗ることや三つ葉葵の家紋使用が許される。
- They were in the highest position among Tokugawa's relatives, and were privileged to refer to themselves as Tokugawa, along with Tokugawa Shogunate Family and Gosankyo (three other privileged branches of the Tokugawa family), and to use the family crest of Mitsuba-aoi (three leaves of hollyhock).
- また、土舞台(現桜井公園)は日本芸能発祥の地と言われ、“万葉のあけぼのの地”などと呼称されることもある。
- Tsuchibutai (present-day, Sakurai park) is said to be the birthplace of public entertainment and is sometimes called 'Manyo no akebono no chi' (place of the dawn of Manyo).
- 日本三景を雪月花にあてる場合、「雪」は天橋立、「月」は松島、「花」は紅葉を花に見立てて宮島をあてている。
- When Nihon Sankei is likened to Setsugekka (snow, moon and flower), 'snow' is assigned to Amanohashidate, 'moon' to Matsushima and 'flower' to Miyajima deeming autumnal leaf coloration as flower.
- 宇多天皇が『新撰万葉集』を編纂に先立って、親王に託してその元となる『是貞親王家歌合』の撰定を行っている。
- Before Emperor Uda compiled 'Shinsen Manyoshu' (anthology of Japanese poems), Imperial Prince Koresada selected poems for 'Koresada Shinno-ke Utaawase' (Poetry contest sponsored by the family of Imperial Prince Koresada) which became the sources of Shinsen Manyoshu, under a commission from Emperor Uda.
- 最古の部類に入る浦島伝説、羽衣伝説の記述は万葉仮名書きの和歌が入っている点も含めて特筆すべきものである。
- The legends of Urashima and Hagoromo (a robe of heavenly feathers), which belong to the oldest articles, are particularly unique, including Japanese poems written in Manyo-gana (an ancient Japanese writing system using Chinese characters).
- ただしこれのみでは同名の者が多くなって不便であるために、さらにその人の特性を示す言葉を冠することもある。
- However, a word that indicates her trait might be added in order to distinguish from others who has same name.
- そして、同年10月の義満を招いての宇治市の紅葉を直前になって病を理由に中止してしまい、義満の不興を買う。
- He had invited Yoshimitsu to a fall foliage viewing in the city of Uji in November of the same year, but he fell into disgrace with Yoshimitsu when he canceled it at the last minute, using illness as an excuse.
- これは7世紀後葉から8世紀前葉にかけての日本が、外国(唐・新羅)の脅威に対抗するため構築したものだった。
- This system was established for Japan in the period from the latter half of the seventh century to the first half of the eighth century to cope with threat from foreign countries (Tang and Silla).
- 経顕は光厳上皇の側近中最も重んじられた1人であったことが光厳天皇曾孫貞成親王の『椿葉記』に記されている。
- It was written in 'Chinyoki' (an account of the raising to the throne of the Emperor Gohanazono in 1429) by Imperial Prince Sadafusa, who was the retired Emperor Kogon's grandson, that Tsuneaki was one of the most important close aides to the Retired Emperor Kogon.
- 義仲に弁解の余地を与えない厳しいものだった(『玉葉』11月17日条、『吉記』『百錬抄』11月18日条)。
- It was severe enough to make Yoshinaka indefensible ('Gyokuyo,' entry of January 8, 1184, 'Kikki' and 'Hyakuren sho,' entry of January 9, 1184).
- 主なものに、千葉県長生郡長南町給田、東京都世田谷区給田 (世田谷区)、静岡県沼津市下香貫給田などがある。
- Main examples are Kyuden, Chonan-cho, Chosei-gun, Chiba Prefecture, Kyuden, Sedagaya Ward, Tokyo, Kyuden, Shimokanuki, Numazu City, Shizuoka Prefecture.
- 主に戦国時代 (日本)の合戦で用いられた言葉であるが、現代社会においても最初に手柄をあげた人の事を指す。
- Although it was primarily used in reference to battles during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), in modern society it refers to the first person to distinguish themselves.
- また、おむすびは「むすぶ」という言葉に、霊を包み込む、土地を守る産土神(うぶすな)を指すという説もある。
- Another theory for omusubi is that the word 'musubu' (tie) indicates ubusuna (a god) who embraces spirits and protects the earth.
- 義明の戦死後、小弓城は北条氏の支援を受けた千葉氏が奪還したために義明の遺族は里見氏を頼って安房国に逃れた。
- As Oyumi-jo Castle was retaken by the Chiba clan under the support of the Hojo clan after Yoshiaki's death, the surviving members of his family fled to Awa Province asking for the help of the Satomi clan.
- 坂東平氏として著名なのは、鎌倉氏、三浦氏、千葉氏、上総氏、秩父氏、大掾氏、中村氏、長尾氏、梶原氏等である。
- The famous Bando-Heishi clans included the Kamakura, Miura, Chiba, Kazusa, Chichibu, Daijo, Nakamura, Nagao, and Kajiwara.
- しかし『万葉集』の註には斉明天皇作との旨が記されているなどの異伝も見られ、必ずしも確証があるわけではない。
- However, it has been pointed out that the argument is lacking in sufficient evidence, and some researchers argue that there are notes in 'Manyoshu' saying the poem was written by the Empress Saimei.
- 朝比奈の衣装、得意な隈や「モサ言葉」とばれる科白は17世紀の歌舞伎役者初代中村傳九郎が考案したものである。
- Asahina's costumes and makeup as well as his special lines called 'Mosa kotoba' were originally the idea of Denkuro NAKAMURA the First, the Kabuki actor from the seventeenth century.
- これは単に「朝廷の衰微・幕府の驕慢」という皇国史観的な発想で解釈すると事実の見誤りの生じさせる言葉である。
- This expression is misleading if interpreted as 'the decline of the Imperial Court and the arrogance of the bakufu' according to kokoku shikan (emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto).
- 朝鮮半島では、7世紀中葉ごろ、高句麗・百済との緊張が高まっていた新羅により、律令受容の試みが行われていた。
- Around the mid seventh century in the Korean Peninsula, Silla of the three kingdoms of Korea adopted Luli tentatively during the period when the tensions against Koguryo and Baekje ran high.
- 同時代の諸記録(言継の『言継卿記』を含め)に「補任歴名」あるいはこれを略した「補歴」という言葉が見られる。
- In the various records (including 'Tokitsugu Kyoki', the Dairy of Tokitsugu YAMASHINA) in the same period, the term 'Bunin-Ryakumyo' or its shortened form 'Ryakumyo' was found.
- 『万葉集』には元暦校本(国宝)などがあり、元暦元年(1184年)に校合の奥書があるが、全巻は揃っていない。
- 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) has Genryaku-kobon manuscripts (a national treasure) as well as okugaki collated in 1184, however, some of the scrolls are unavailable.
- それは千葉常胤にとっては、1161(永暦2)年正月の平家を後ろ盾とした佐竹義宗の相馬御厨強奪として現れる。
- This materialized for Tsunetate CHIBA as the robbery of Soma-mikuriya (private estate of Soma ranch) of Yoshimune SATAKE that supported Heike by force in February 1161.
- チャノキ (Camellia sinensis) から採れる茶の若枝、茶葉の柄、新芽の茎を混ぜて作られる。
- This tea is made by mixing burgeons, footstalks, stems of sprouts taken from a tea plant (Camellia sinensis).
- 本来、「家道」とはその家が治まるためにその構成員が家の中で守るべき道徳や家政、家計の類を指す言葉であった。
- Originally Kado meant morals, household management and a family budget which should be maintained by the family members in a house to manage the family.
- 万葉集巻20-4479に「藤原夫人歌一首」があり、「浄御原宮御宇天皇之夫人也 字曰氷上大刀自也」と注がある。
- The waka poem No. 4479 in the volume 20 of Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) is titled 'a waka poem by Fujiwara fujin,' and accompanied with a note stating that 'she is the wife of the Kiyomihara no miya Gyou Tenno (the Emperor Tenmu), and her azana (Chinese courtesy name used in formal situations) is HIKAMI no Otoji.'
- 但し、現在の千葉県には彼女が近江宮から落ち延び、この地で亡くなったとする伝説を伝える寺社仏閣が複数存在する。
- However, in present Chiba Prefecture, there are several of shrines and temples with the legend which Mimimotoji was believed to be dead in their premises after escaping from Omo no miya.
- 西部には在原業平の和歌で知られる紅葉の名所、竜田川が、東部には「富の小川」として詠われている富雄川が流れる。
- Tatsuta-gawa River, known for the beauty of its autumn foliage described in the 'waka' poem by ARIWARA no Narihira, is located in the west, and Tomio-gawa River described in poetry as 'Tomi no Ogawa' is in its east.
- 「竹を割ったよう」と同様な意味で、真っ直ぐで、男勝りなさっぱりとした主に女性の性格を現す言葉として使われた。
- Tekka hada is synonymous with 'Take wo watta yo' (straightforward), and was used as a word to express frank, manlike, and open-hearted female character.
- 1890年から稲葉郡長良村古津その他武儀郡、郡上郡の各村で延長1471間を宮内省の鮎漁の御猟場に編入された。
- In 1890, a total of about 2.67 km of Nagara-gawa River, located in Furutsu, Nagara-mura, Inaba-gun, Mugi-gun and Gunjo-gun, was incorporated into the goryoba of Imperial Household Ministry.
- 今の場合、まだそこまで行っていないが、おそらくは用語不慣れと箱館の好印象のため、不用意に発した言葉であろう。
- In this case, it had not got there yet, so probably they used these terms because of not getting used to the terms and their good impression on Hakodate that made them careless about it.
- 鎖国という言葉は江戸時代の蘭学者である志筑忠雄が享和元年(1801年)の『鎖国論』においてはじめて使用した。
- Tadao SHITSUKI, a Rangakusha (one who studied Western sciences through the Dutch language) in the Edo period, first used the term 'Sakoku' in the book 'Sakoku-ron' (literally: 'theory of national isolation') written in 1801.
- 『万葉集』は759年(天平宝字3年)までの歌約4500首を収録した歌集で、雄略天皇の歌が巻頭をかざっている。
- 'Manyoshu' is a collection of about 4,500 poems up until 759 and a poem by the Emperor Yuryaku is placed at the front.
- 両治世を聖代視する考えは、早くも10世紀後半には現れており、11世紀前葉~中葉ごろの貴族社会に広く浸透した。
- This elevated view became apparent as early as the late 10th century and it became prevalent in all parts of noble society in around the first half to the middle of the 11th century.
- 鳥羽・伏見の戦いに際しては、城主稲葉正邦らが新政府に対する恭順を決め込んだため、幕府軍の入城要請を拒絶した。
- In the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, the castellan Masakuni INABA and some other people refused the request of the Shogunate forces to allow them entry the castle since they had decided to side with the new government.
- 「義仲の疑念を晴らすため、また平氏追討のために法皇は播磨国に臨幸すべきである」(『玉葉』閏10月18日条)。
- In order to dispel his suspicion and to search for and kill the Taira clan, the Cloistered Emperor should visit Harima Province ('Gyokuyo,' entry of December 11).
- 30日、藤原経宗・九条兼実・三条実房・中山忠親・藤原長方が大事を議定するために召集される(『玉葉』同日条)。
- On August 26, FUJIWARA no Tsunemune, Kanezane KUJO, Sanefusa SANJO, Tadachika NAKAYAMA and FUJIWARA no Nagakata were convened to discuss and decide on important issues ('Gyokuyo' [Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane], entry of August 26).
- 元来は「相当すること」「当を得ている」という意味で用いられていた言葉でその意味でも長く一般に用いられていた。
- The word originally meant 'corresponding to,' or 'correct,' and this meaning had been used in general for a long time.
- 和田合戦の当初、千葉介被官粟飯原次郎なる者が、謀反の回文を持った阿念房を捕らえて謀反露顕の端緒をひらいている。
- At the beginning of Battle of Wada, Jiro AIHARA, a 'hikan' (low-level bureaucrat) of 'Chiba no suke' (Assistant Governor of Chiba Province,) apprehended Anenbo, who was carrying a treasonous circular letter, which triggered the revelation of the treason.
- これに関しては、「私」字を万葉仮名に用いた例が他に無いことから、本来「弘斐王(おいのおおきみ)」の誤りでろう。
- As to 'Shi (or Oi) no Okimi' in those historical books, there were no previous examples of ancient writers or editors using 'Shi (私)' for Manyogana (early Japanese syllabify composed of Chinese characters then used phonetically); so historians and other scholars would be able to conclude that the original writing was written in this way 'Oi no Okimi' and 'Shi (or Oi) no Okimi' was the transcription mistake.
- 保護の対象にするべきとして、特別天然記念物に指定されており、うち春日山の照葉樹林は国の名勝にも指定されている。
- To protect the area, Kasugayama Primeval Forest is designated as a special natural treasure, and the laurel forest of Mt. Kasuga is designated as a state scenic beauty.
- 青葉山(あおばさん、あおばやま)は、京都府舞鶴市と福井県大飯郡高浜町の境界に峙える山で、高浜町の最高峰である。
- Mt. Aoba, the highest in Takahama-cho, is located where Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture and Takahama-cho, Oi-gun, Fukui Prefecture, are bordered.
- 仕草においても言葉同様、一人全役が原則であり、噺家は必要に応じて次々にさまざまな役のさまざまな仕草を仕分ける。
- Just as a single storyteller uses a variety of verbal communication styles to differentiate between the characters as dictated by the story, an array of gestures are also used to convey the various characters.
- これらの言葉は初編からの引用であるが、虚実渦巻く理想と現実の境を学問によって黎明するといった意図が読み取れる。
- Those passages are included in the first edition, and we can understand his intention to clarify complicated boundaries between the ideal and real worlds.
- 前方後円墳の分布は4世紀後葉前まで、主に畿内~瀬戸内海沿岸(吉備国など)~北九州(筑紫国など)に集中していた。
- Before the latter half of the fourth century, keyhole-shaped mounds were mainly seen in the Kinai, Seto Inland Sea (such as Kibi County) and northern Kyushu (such as Chikushi County) regions.
- 桂川 (淀川水系)・淀川・木津川 (京都府)の三川が合流する水路の要所として、徳川の信任厚い稲葉家が陣取った。
- The Inaba family, which was trusted by Tokugawa, set up a camp as a strategic point on the waterway where the three rivers of Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system), Yodo-gawa River and Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) met.
- 27日、院御所議定が開かれ、謀反を起こした園城寺・興福寺に対する措置が議論された(『玉葉』『山槐記』同日条)。
- On the twenty-eighth (twenty-seventh in lunar calendar), a meeting was held at the palace of the retired emperor, at which a debate began over what sort of measures to take against Onjo-ji and Kofuku-ji temples, which had joined the insurrection (as recorded in both 'Gyokuyo' and 'Sankaiki').
- 次いで日向国椎葉山に拠った残党の追討に赴いたが、残党に戦意はなく農耕に励んだことから、追討をとりやめたという。
- Thereafter, he went to Mt. Shiiba in Hyuga Province in order to hunt down the remnants who took position there, but he eventually stopped hunting when he saw that they had no intention to fight and were striving at farm work.
- 特に千葉常胤にとっては、源義朝は「御恩」を感じるような相手ではないことは相馬御厨での経緯を見れば明らかである。
- It is obvious from the history of Soma-mikuriya that especially for Tsunetane CHIBA, MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo was not someone he felt 'obligated to.'
- 発祥は徳島県勝浦町あるが、のちにそれが派生する形で千葉県勝浦市、長野県須坂市においても開催されるようになった。
- It originated in Katsuura-cho, Tokushima Prefecture, but later it came to be held also in Katsuura City, Chiba Prefecture and Suzaka City, Nagano Prefecture, as secondary to the original festival.
- 稲葉正守(まさまり)<従四位下。丹後守>【文政6年6月25日藩主就任-天保13年7月20日】〔奏者番。寺社奉行〕
- Masamori INABA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on June 25, 1823 - July 20, 1842'[Sojaban (Government Official of the Imperial Ceremony), Jishabugyo (a magistrate of shrines and temples)]
- また万葉集には高安王に嫁いで責められたとあるが、これは紀皇女ではなく託基皇女ではないかという説(吉永登)もある。
- Manyoshu states that she was blamed for marrying Takayasu no okimi (the Prince Takayasu), but one theory (by Noboru YOSHINAGA) has it that it was Taki no himemiko (the Princess Taki) who married him.
- 2003年(平成15年)、宮川町芸妓ふく葉(同芸妓組合会長)、君直、ちづるの三名が宮川町初の若柳流名取となった。
- In 2003, three geisha girls in Miyagawa-cho, Fukuha (chairperson of Miyagawa-cho Geisha Association), Kiminao and Chizuru, became the first natori (diploma holder in Japanese dance) of Wakayagi school in Miyagawa-cho.
- 歴史的には国府の方が先行し、8世紀にはもっぱら国府という言葉が用いられ、平安時代後期以降に国衙が一般的になった。
- Historically, the word 'Kokufu' spread earlier than 'Kokuga,' therefore the word 'Kokufu' was mainly used in the eighth century, while 'Kokuga' was mainly used after the late Heian period.
- 「されば恋する身ぞつらや。出ずるも入るも、忍ぶ草、露踏み分けて橘姫」の床の浄瑠璃の言葉どおり、橘姫が帰ってくる。
- Princess Tachibana arrives home as Joruri I being played on the musicians' stage and comes to the passage, 'to love is to suffer. Princess Tachibana leaves and returns in secret, walking through dewy grass.'
- また、大詰の「おまんまの立ち回り」は鶴屋南北 (4代目)の『梅柳若葉加賀染』(柳澤騒動)から借用したものである。
- Omanma no tachimawari (a fight while eating) in the final scene is a borrowing from 'Umeyanagi wakabano kagazome' (also known as 'Yanagisawa sodo') by Nanboku TSURUYA (the fourth).
- しかし漢詩集『懐風藻』や『万葉集』には「父・天智が大友皇子を立太子(正式な皇太子と定めること)していた」とある。
- However, according to a collection of Chinese poetry 'Kaifuso' (Fond Recollections of Poetry), and 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), 'his father, Emperor Tenchi, decided that Prince Otomo ought to be the formal Crown Prince.'
- 『日本書紀』によると皇子はある日、鵠(くぐい、今のハクチョウ)が渡るさまを見て「是何物ぞ」と初めて言葉を発した。
- According to the Nihonshoki, one day when the Imperial Prince saw a kugui (present swan) flying in the sky, he spoke, for the first time, the words 'what is it?'
- また、立太子の礼に際しては、都道府県などがこれを祝う言葉を記したアドバルーンを都内上空に浮かべ、立太子を祝った。
- Moreover, at the official investiture ceremony of the Crown Prince, balloons with a message celebrating the ceremony donated from each prefecture and other governmental bodies were floated in the skies over Tokyo to offer the nation's congratulations.
- 主に式典の主賓としての列席及び祝辞、弔辞、開会または閉会の「お言葉」として挨拶をするなどが代表的な活動といえる。
- Typically, as guests of honors, they attend ceremonies and often 'address' audiences: congratulations, condolences, or inaugural or concluding speeches.
- 大夫(ますらを)の鞆(とも)の音すなり物部(もののふ)の 大臣(おほまへつきみ)楯立つらしも 万葉集 巻1-76
- I can hear the sound of brave men's Tomo (archers' wrist protector wore on the left hand), and I wonder if Minister of Mononobe might take up the shield; Manyoshu, Vol.1-76
- 伊集院某は、45日前、都城より帰り来り某困しみしを語るに、4日間、イチゴと草木の葉とを喰ひ、或は土をも喰たる由。
- A certain soldier IJUIN said that a person who returned from Miyakonojo 45 days ago talked about the hardships that he ate strawberries, leaves, and grass, and even soil for four days.
- 三角縁神獣鏡があらわれる前の3世紀前葉には、「神獣鏡」類の画文帯神獣鏡と呼ばれる中国鏡が、約60面出土している。
- Before the third century when the Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror appeared, about sixty Chinese mirrors called Gabuntai Shinjukyo Mirrors (Mirror with figures of deities and sacred animals) in a kind of 'mirror with engravings of divine beasts.'
- これまで全て漢字や万葉仮名で記述されていた日本語をそのまま文章にすることが可能となり、日本文学が発生・発展した。
- This made it possible to write Japanese, which had hitherto been written only in kanji (Chinese characters) or Manyo-gana (a form of syllabary used in the Manyo-shu or Collection of Myriad Leaves), as it actually was, leading to the emergence and evolution of Japanese literature.
- 中世には現在の日本語の書き言葉の原型となる和漢混淆文が成立し、日本語は漢語と和語を織り交ぜた自在な表現力を得た。
- In medieval times, a mixture of Japanese and Chinese writing, which became the basis of today's written Japanese language, was established, giving Japanese flexible powers of expression with its mix of kango (words of Chinese origin) and Wago (words of Japanese origin).
- 伊勢商人のキャラクターとしては彼らの商売はかなり手堅かった事から「近江泥棒、伊勢乞食」と言う言葉が残されている。
- As Ise shonin had a character of running considerably sound businesses, a saying 'Omi-dorobo, Ise-kojiki' (Omi shonin are thieves, while Ise shonin are beggars) remains to represent such a unique character.
- 口分田の祖型は、7世紀中葉の大化の改新頃に始まり、7世紀終盤の律令形成期に口分田制度が確立したと考えられている。
- It is considered that the original kubunden system began to be formed around the Taika Reforms, or in the middle era of the seventh century, and was established towards the end of seventh century when the ritsuryo system was formed.
- 後白河は平時忠ら堂上平氏の官職は解かずに天皇・神器の返還を求めたが、交渉は不調に終わる(『玉葉』8月12日条)。
- Although Goshirakawa requested the return of the emperor and the sacred treasures without removing the Tosho family of the Taira clan including TAIRA no Tokitada from government posts, the negotiation was unsuccessful ('Gyokuyo,' entry of September 7).
- 義仲の指揮下にあった京中守護軍は瓦解状態であり、義仲と行家の不和も公然のものだった(『玉葉』閏10月27日条)。
- The army protecting Kyoto, which was under the direction of Yoshinaka, fell apart and the discord between Yoshinaka and Yukiie was overt ('Gyokuyo,' entry of December 20).
- 握り飯またはおにぎりの方が歴史の古いという説もあり、それの女房言葉、もしくは丁寧語としておむすびという説もある。
- The other theory says that nigiri-meshi or onigiri has older history and omusubi is its word of court ladies or a formal word.
- その後経緯不詳ながら上洛し、宝治元年(1247年)2月に平経高の計らいにより密かに元服したとされる(『葉黄記』)。
- Later, the background is unknown, but he went to Kyoto, and on Febuary 1247, he is thought to have secretly celebrated his attainment of manhood at the discretion of TAIRA no Tsunetaka ('Yokoki').
- 平成19年(2007年)の能登半島地震にさいしては慰問は実現されていないが「元気になってください」と言葉を寄せた。
- As for the Noto Peninsula Earthquake in 2007, he has not yet visited the disaster-stricken area, but sent a message that 'I hope every victim would get over the difficulties.'
- ホテル紅葉の演歌調テレビCM(歌手:玉井京子)は、近畿地方に当時在住していた世代の間では今なお語り草となっている。
- Generations that resided in Kinki region at that time still talk about the TV commercial of Hotel Koyo with an enka (Japanese ballad) style theme song sung by a singer Kyoko TAMAI.
- 八幡市の人口を大きく支える男山団地と周辺の邸宅街での消費は枚方市楠葉地区に流れており、市内での滞留率が非常に低い。
- Consumers who live in the Otokoyama housing complex and its surrounding residential areas--Yawata City's large portion of the population--go out to Hirakata City Kuzuha area and the rate of consumption within the city is quite low.
- 明治時代の西南戦争や幸徳秋水事件(大逆事件)、1936年の二・二六事件も、当時の資料には謀反の言葉が見うけられる。
- We can find the word 'muhon' in the historical documents regarding the Seinan War and Shusui KOTOKU incident (the case of high treason) in the Meiji Period as well as February 26th Incident in 1936.
- 「鉄砲」とは日本においてはじめは火縄銃をさす言葉として使われ、後に小銃から大砲まで火器一般を意味する名称となった。
- In Japan, while the term 'teppo' was first used only for matchlock guns, the term later referred to general firearms including rifles and cannons.
- これらは、恭仁宮大極殿造営に際して新調された瓦をモチーフとした単弁十七葉蓮華文の軒丸瓦と均整唐草文の軒平瓦である。
- The round-shaped roof tiles have the motif of Tanbenjunanayorengemon (lotus flower) and the flat roof tiles have the motif of Kinseikarakusamon (arabesque), and both of the motifs were created when Kuninomiya Palace was built.
- 『玉葉』によると、2月7日早朝、矢合せの時刻通り、範頼は生田口を、義経は一ノ谷口を、多田行綱は鵯越口を攻め始めた。
- According to 'Gyokuyo,' in the early morning of March 27, the predetermined time for Ya-Awase, Noriyori started to attack the Ikuta fortress entrance, Yoshitsune started his attack on the Ichinotani fortress entrance, and Yukitsuna TADA commenced his attack on the Hiyodorigoe fortress entrance.
- ばさらとは、日本の中世、南北朝時代の社会風潮や文化的流行をあらわす言葉であり、実際に当時の流行語として用いられた。
- 'Basara' is a word which expressed the social and cultural trends during the Northern and Southern Courts period (in the Japanese medieval period), which was actually used as a vogue word at that time.
- 良寛坊主が残した戒語のひとつ「好んで唐言葉を使う」によって表される社会の気分・雰囲気から生まれたものだと思われる。
- This was probably a result of the social feeling or atmosphere, as indicated by words of warning by the priest Ryokan, who 'preferred to use the words of Tang.'
- 記主の吉田経房は「筆端及び難し」と言葉を濁しているが、慈円は『愚管抄』に明雲・円恵法親王について詳細に記している。
- The author Tsunefusa YOSHIDA made an evasive statement that 'it is hard to describe,' but Jien gave the details about Myoun and Cloistered Imperial Prince Ene in 'Gukansho.'
- 「入欧」という言葉にいたっては(したがって「脱亜入欧」という成句もまた)、福沢はかつて一度も用いたことがなかった。
- Fukuzawa never used the word 'Nyu-O' (therefore, no 'Datsu-A Nyu-O').
- 桜餅のように団子を植物の葉で挟む形式などが珍しく、この椿餅は日本独自のものでないかと言う見解もあるが定かではない。
- The style that dumplings wrapped with plant leaves like Sakuramochi (rice cake with bean jam wrapped in a preserved cherry leaf) is uncommon and there is an opinion that Tsubaki-mochi is unique to Japan, but this is not certain.
- そのほか、「茶屋」という言葉が現代日本人に与える郷愁のイメージを屋号に採り入れ、「○○茶屋」とする飲食店も目立つ。
- Besides them, the word 'chaya' is prominent amongst a number of restaurants as it is a word in a business name that evokes as sense of nostalgia amongst modern day Japanese.
- 上質のものは非常に高価で、『金一匁(もんめ)紅一匁』という言葉通り、同じ重量の金に匹敵する価値があるとも言われた。
- High-quality beni is extremely expensive and it was said to be valued as the same amount of gold, as the familiar expression 'one monme (3.75 grams) of gold, one monme of beni' described.
- 小田原の役が始まると、頼純は里見氏の支援を受けて千葉氏を破って小弓城を取り戻して数ヶ月間ながら小弓公方を復活させた。
- After the Siege of Odawara (the war waged by Hideyoshi against the Hojo clan) broke out, Yorizumi defeated the Chiba clan and recovered the Oyumi-jo Castle under the support of the Satomi clan, which led to the resurgence of Oyumi-kubo even only for a few months.
- 稲葉正益(まさよし)<従四位下。丹後守>【享保19年11月5日藩主就任-明和8年9月28日死去】〔奏者番。寺社奉行〕
- Masayoshi INABA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on November 5, 1734 - died on September 28, 1771'[Sojaban (Government Official of the Imperial Ceremony), Jishabugyo (a magistrate of shrines and temples)]
- 東国からの参詣者はその言葉遣いや服装に特色があることから、熊野を含む紀南地方では「関東ベエ」「奥州ベエ」と呼ばれた。
- Since the pilgrims from Togoku were characterized by their dialect and clothing, they were called 'kanto-be' or 'oshu-be' in Kinan region including Kumano.
- また長岡天満宮八条ヶ池の霧島つつじ、乙訓寺の牡丹、楊谷寺のアジサイ、光明寺 (長岡京市)の紅葉も美しさに定評がある。
- Kirishima azalea by the Hachijogaike Pond at the Nagaoka-tenmangu Shrine, tree peonies at the Otokuni-dera Temple, hydrangeas at the Yokoku-ji Temple, and autumn leaf color at the Komyo-ji Temple (Nagaokakyo City) are all known for their beauty, as well.
- 春季にはヒカゲツツジ、シャクナゲなどが新緑の山々を彩り、秋季には雑木林が全山紅葉し、条件が整った朝には雲海が現れる。
- In spring, the mountains put on fresh green colors and are variegated with Rhododendron keiskei, Rhododendron metternichii and so on; in autumn, all the copses in the mountains change color, and under certain conditions, a sea of clouds emerges in the morning.
- 『日本書紀』第1の一書での皇后は磯城県主葉江の娘である長媛、第2の一書での皇后は十市県主五十坂彦の娘である五十坂媛。
- The first addendum to the Nihonshoki mentions the Empress is Nagahime, who was a daughter of Shiki no agatanushi Hae, while the second addendum describes the Empress as Isakahime, who was a daughter of Tochi no agatanonushi Isakahiko.
- 天朝(てんちょう)は天皇王朝をさす言葉だが、転じて朝廷、または日本国そのもの、もしくはまれに天皇をいう場合にも使う。
- Tencho is a word meaning Tenno Dynasty, but its meaning shifted and came to be used for the Imperial Court, Japan itself, or rarely Tenno himself.
- 平成7年(1995年)5月、葉山静養の折り、海岸で眞子内親王が海蛇に関心を示し父・秋篠宮にしきりに尋ねる映像がある。
- There is a video clip during their rest in Hayama (in Kanagawa Prefecture) she took an interest in sea snakes and asked her father Akishinonomiya many times about them.
- 4世紀後葉より以前ヤマトの王の墓はヤマト(奈良盆地)に営まれていたが、それ以降は河内平野に築かれることが多くなった。
- Until the latter half of the fourth century, the Yamato Kingdom's royal tombs were situated in Yamato (the Nara Basin), but after that, the majority were built in the Kawachi Plain.
- これを打開するために藩政改革が18~19世紀にかけて各藩で実施される(早いところでは土佐藩が17世紀中葉に行った)。
- In order to cope with this situation, each domain initiated reforms in the 18th and 19th centuries, (and the first case was Tosa Domain around the middle of the 17th century).
- 長沼事件(ながぬまじけん)とは印旛県長沼村(現・千葉県成田市長沼)で起きた、長沼の利権を巡る長沼下戻係争の事である。
- Naganuma affair is a case of Naganuma disposal over concession of Naganuma which occurred in Naganuma village, Inba Prefecture (present-day Naganuma, Narita City, Chiba Prefecture).
- 青松葉事件の発生も、尾張藩の拙劣な政治・外交の結果であり、その犠牲者数の割には、歴史に与えた影響度合いが小さかった。
- The Aomatsuba Incident was a result of poor politics and diplomacy of the Owari Domain and for the number of victims it had little influence on history.
- 室町期の守護は、当初(14世紀中葉)、室町幕府から数年ごとに補任されており、守護職の交替は比較的頻繁に行われていた。
- The shugo in the Muromachi period were initially (around the mid 14th century) appointed by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) once in several years, which resulted in the comparatively frequent alternation of the shugo-shiki (the post of shugo).
- また葉を乾燥させたものは香辛料として(特に京都で)七味唐辛子に配合されることもあるほか、ふりかけなどにも用いられる。
- Dry leaves can be mixed in a condiment called shichimi-togarashi (a condiment comprising red pepper and six other spices) (especially in Kyoto) or furikake (dried food sprinkled over rice).
- 稲葉正親(まさちか)<従四位下。佐渡守>【享保15年3月27日藩主就任-享保19年9月14日死去】〔大坂城代。奏者番〕
- Masachika INABA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on March 27, 1730 - died on September 14, 1734'[Osaka Jodai (Keeper of the Osaka Castle), Sojaban (Government Official of the Imperial Ceremony)]
- 23日、高倉は母の見舞いを熱望するが、前大相国が天皇自身の二禁がひどくなると強く反対して押し止めたという(『玉葉』)。
- On August 6, Emperor Takakura asked eagerly to see his mother, however he could not see her after Sakino Daishokoku (the former Grand Minister) strongly opposed the Emperor seeing Shigeko as he was concerned the Emperor's Nikimi would get worse.
- 「坪内君が『桐一葉』を書いた時は、團十郎が羅馬法王で、桜痴居士が大宰相で、黙阿弥劇が憲法となっている大専制国であった。
- When Mr. Tsubouchi wrote 'Kiri Hitoha,' Kabuki was just like an autocratic large country in which Kabuki Danjuro was the Pope, Ochi-koji was dai saiso (great prime minister), and Mokuamii geki (drama) was a Constitution.
- 歌詞の意味の明瞭な歌では、『落葉集』にある唐人踊の歌で、「いきにていきにてすいちやゑんちや(省略)」というものがある。
- A song for tojin-odori dance, 'いきにていきにてすいちやゑんちや (omitted)' compiled in 'Ochibashu' (a collection of popular songs in the middle of Edo period) is known as the one whose lyrics have the meaning.
- 今上は、「いまのうへ」という大和言葉を漢字で書いたもので、漢語由来の「聖上」と同じように、現在の帝を意味する語である。
- Kinjo (今上) is the kanji (Chinese characters) representing 'imanoue' of yamato-kotoba (words of Japanese origin) and is the word meaning the current mikado (emperor) as with seijo (聖上) derived from kango (words of Chinese origin).
- 大正7年3月29日、福澤諭吉の偉業をたたえ、「長沼下戻記念碑」が印旛郡豊住村長沼(現・千葉県成田市長沼)に建立された。
- On March 29,1918, 'Naganuma disposal monument' was erected in Naganuma, Toyosumi mura, Inba County (present-day Naganuma, Narita City, Chiba Prefecture) to honor Yukichi Fukuzawa's great achievement.
- 平安時代中葉の10世紀後期から11世紀の頃、地方の有力農民である田堵(たと)による田地開発とその私有地化が活発化した。
- In the mid-Heian period, from the late 10th century to the 11th century, farmland development and their privatization by Tato, local powerful farmers, had been accelerated.
- In the middle of the Heian period, around the late tenth century to eleventh century, development and privatization of rice fields by locally influential farmers called Tato (cultivators) were accelerated.
- しかし8世紀後葉、対新羅外交政策を転換したことに伴い、対外防衛・侵攻のための軍団兵士制も大幅に縮小されることとなった。
- However, the government changed its diplomatic policy against Silla in the latter half of the eighth century, and therefore, the scale of the gundan-soldier system for defense and invasion was reduced drastically.
- 9世紀中葉における朝廷・国司は、群盗海賊の制圧のために養老律令の捕亡令追捕罪人条にある臨時発兵規定により対応し始めた。
- In the middle of the ninth century, the Imperial Court and kokushi started taking measures based on specifications of rinji-hatsuhei (the special dispatch of troops) in Tsuibu-zainin no Jo (the article related to catching criminals who had fled) in bumo-ryo code (Penalties on escaping soldiers, Sakimori [soldiers garrisoned at strategic posts in Kyushu in ancient times], slave, and so on) in the Yoro ritsuryo code, to combat these robberies and acts of piracy.
- 旧幕府軍は淀藩主(京都市伏見区)稲葉正邦(慶喜の側近の一人で現職の老中)を頼って、淀城に入り建て直しをはかろうとした。
- The former Shogunate forces requested the lord of the Yodo domain (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City), Masakuni INABA (a close aide to Yoshinobu and an incumbent senior councilor) to open Yodo Castle to them so they could regroup their forces.
- 歴史を取り扱ったテレビ番組で本来の意味での百姓身分を指す場合ですら '農民' という言葉に置き換えることが通例である。
- In TV programs taking up a historical issue, it is common to replace the term with 'peasant' even when the term indicates its original meaning which is the hyakusho rank.
- なお『日本書紀』第1の一書での皇后は、磯城県主葉江の娘である渟名城津媛、第2の一書では、倭國豊秋狭太媛の娘である大井媛。
- The first addendum to the Nihonshoki mentions the Empress is Nunakihime, who was a daughter of Shiki no Agatanonushi Hae, while the second addendum describes her as Oihime, who was a daughter of Wakoku Toyoakisadahime.
- 孫文も日本亡命時には『明治維新は中国革命の第一歩であり、中国革命は明治維新の第二歩である』との言葉を犬養毅へ送っている。
- For example, Sun Yat-sen told Tsuyoshi INUKAI, 'the Meiji Restoration is the first step of the China's revolution, and the China's revolution is the second step of the Meiji Restoration' when he came to Japan as a refugee.
- 一方で、『玉葉』では義経が一の谷を落とし、範頼が浜から福原に寄せ(生田口)、多田行綱が山の手(夢野口)を落としたとある。
- On the other hand, 'Gyokuyo' describes that Yoshitsune took the Ichinotani fortress, Noriyori approached Fukuwara (Ikuta fortress entrance) from the beach, and Yukitsuna TADA took the hilly section of the city (Yumeno fortress entrance).
- なだらかな曲線と優美な色彩、精緻な截金文様で知られる東京国立博物館所蔵の『孔雀明王像』(国宝)は12世紀中葉の作である。
- 'Image of Kujaku Myoo' (peacock king of those who hold knowledge) (a national treasure) possessed by Tokyo National Museum was created in the middle of the 12th century, and it was known for its gentle curves, graceful colors, refined cut-gold foil pattern.
- 兼実は「義仲の申状は穏便なものであり、院中の御用心は法に過ぎ、王者の行いではない」としている(『玉葉』11月18日条)。
- Kanezane wrote 'Yoshinaka's moshijo was moderate, but the security measures in the Imperial Palace are excessive. The stance is not regal ('Gyokuyo,' entry of January 9, 1184).
- 日本人論研究者によれば、日本にこれらの意味を表す言葉があるということは、日本の礼儀や文化への厳格さの一要素だと見ている。
- Researchers on theories of Japanese cultural and racial uniqueness consider that the existence of such wording to express discrepancy between personal feelings and social view is an element of austerity of Japanese people in their courtesy and culture.
- (大宮)開町、一ノ井町、薬師山東・西町、玄琢北・南・北東町、釈迦谷、草山、秋葉山、萩原、二ノ坂、小野堀町、脇台町、箱ノ井町
- (Omiya) Hiraki-cho, Ichinoi-cho, Yakushiyama-higashi-cho, Yakushiyama-nishi-cho, Gentaku-kita-machi, Gentaku-minami-cho, Gentaku-kitahigashi-cho, Shakadani, Kusayama, Akibasan, Hagiwara, Ninosaka, Onobori-cho, Wakidai-cho, Hakonoi-cho
- 伏見区は、全国の政令指定都市の中で、横浜市港北区、横浜市青葉区 (横浜市)に次いで人口の多い区である(東京特別区を除く)。
- Fushimi Ward is the most populated of ordinance-designated cities (excluding Tokyo Special Ward) following Kohoku Ward, Yokohama City and Aoba Ward, Yokohama City (Yokohama City).
- 八幡市駅が当市の玄関駅であるが、駅付近の道が狭いこともあり、八幡市内のバス路線の多くは大阪府枚方市にある樟葉駅に発着する。
- Although Yawatashi Station is supposed to be the main entrance of the city, roads around it are so small that many bus lines within Yawata City arrive in and depart from Kuzuha Station in Hirakata City, Osaka Prefecture.
- 湯河板挙(鳥取造の祖)が出雲国(一書に但馬国)で捕まえて献上し、鵠を遊び相手にすると、誉津別命は言葉を発するようになった。
- Ikawadana (the ancestor of Totori no miyatsuko) captured the swan in Izumo Province (in Tajima Province according to another document) and presented the bird to the Imperial Prince, then, Prince Homutsuwake no mikoto became able to speak out while playing with the swan.
- 朱子学との連続性を考慮するならば、宋以後における聖人の世俗化の動きが、明代中葉・末期に至ってひとつの頂点を迎えたといえる。
- When taken as a continuation of Shushigaku, popularization of the sage after the Song period culminated in Yomeigaku towards the middle and end of the Ming period.
- 天理や性が天から賦与されたものであることを想起させる言葉であるのに対し、「良知」は人が生来もつものというニュアンスが強い。
- In contrast to 'tenri' and 'sei', which remind people that they are given by Heaven, 'ryochi' contains a strong nuance of that which is endowed to people by nature.
- つまり、現在でいう百姓とは農業専従者で「農人」として分類される存在であるが、江戸時代では範囲の異なる言葉であったのである。
- That is to say, hyakusho (peasant) in the current sense is a full-time farmer and categorized as 'nonin' (person engaged in agriculture); but in the Edo period, haykusho held a different meaning.
- 雑務とは文字どおり「その他もろもろの仕事・案件」を意味する言葉であり、所務に対する用語として使用された(所務沙汰も参照)。
- Zatsumu literally means 'miscellaneous business' and was used in contrast to Shomu (see shomusata (trial dealing with land-related issues) for reference).
- 「その外適々不慮の前途を遂ぐる所の庄上の運上物、多少を論ぜず、貴賤を嫌わず、皆以て奪ひ取り了んぬ」(『玉葉』9月3日条)。
- People from every social standing were robbed of whatever amount of Unjomono (goods and money that are delivered to the capital) that had luckily reached Kyoto ('Gyokuyo,' entry of September 28).
- 例えば常陸大掾氏、千葉氏、上総氏の系図を見ると、その時期に兄弟子弟が、周辺の郷や名(みょう)に分散し、その名の字を名乗る。
- For example, the brothers and children during that period were scattered across the go and myo in the surrounding area and they named their surnames after that myo when observing the family tree of the Hitachi no Daijo (Daijo clan of Hitachi Province), Chiba, and Kazusa clans.
- また、高望の側室の子平良文もその後坂東に下り、良文の子孫も坂東に散らばって三浦氏・土肥氏・秩父氏・千葉氏などの武家となった。
- TAIRA no Yoshifumi, a son of Takamochi's concubine, also left Kyoto for Bando, and his descendants formed samurai clans such as the Miura, Doi, Chichibu and Chiba in various locations across Bando.
- その一方で平安時代中期以後には賀表や抗表が形骸化されて行われなくなり、「上表」という言葉が辞表と同じ意味を持つようになった。
- On the other hand, after the mid Heian period, Gahyo and Kohyo lost its significance and people started not to do these anymore, 'Johyo' became the same meaning as Jihyo.
- その笹を主食とするニホンジカの数が増え、針葉樹の実生や樹皮までも採食するといった複合的な要因によって現在の環境に至っている。
- As a result, the number of the Japanese deer that mainly eat bamboo has increased and they even eat seedlings and barks of conifers; these complex factors affect the present environmental conditions.
- だが、源平合戦で交通の要所であった白河の地は荒廃し、窮民によって御所や寺院が荒らされていく様子が『玉葉』などに記されている。
- Documents including 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of Kanezane KUJO) described how the land of Shirakawa, which had been an important area for traffic, was devastated and how the imperial palace and temples were kept ransacked by the poor and needy during and after the Genpei War (1180-1185, a war between the Taira clan and the Minamoto clan in which the latter defeated the former and established the Kamakura shogunate government).
- 百錬鉄火 - 鎬を削るような厳しい訓練や戦闘の数々という意味で、軍国主義にあった時代に、百戦錬磨に掛けて使われた言葉である。
- Hyakuren Tekka - is a word that was used to describe various hard trainings and battles in which people engage with a fierce struggle, and it was used during the period of militarism, playing on words linked with hyakusen renma (experiencing various battles to become battle-wised).
- 子は日葉酢媛命(垂仁天皇皇后)、渟葉田瓊入媛(同妃)、真砥野媛(同妃)、薊瓊入媛(同妃)、竹野媛、朝廷別王(三川穂別の祖)。
- His children were Hibasu hime (Empress of Emperor Suinin), Nuhatanoniiri hime (consort of Emperor Suinin), Matono hime (consort of Emperor Suinin), Azaminiiri hime (consort of Emperor Suinin), Takano hime, Mikadowakenoo (ancestor of Mikawano honowake).
- またよく間違えられることであるが、福澤諭吉は署名著作・時事新報論説のすべてにおいて「入欧」という言葉を一度も使用していない。
- Many people still misunderstand, but Yukichi FUKUZAWA never used the expression 'Enter Europe' in all his literally works and editorials of Jijishinpo (Japanese newspaper).
- 兼実が「王者の沙汰に至りては、人臣の最にあらず」(『玉葉』8月14日条)と言うように、この介入は治天の君の権限の侵犯だった。
- This intervention would have violated the authority of chiten no kimi (supreme ruler) as Kanezane expressed in his words, 'Because this is a matter that the retired emperor should decide, vassals must not dictate what to do' ('Gyokuyo,' entry of September 9).
- 鳥羽僧正覚猷の筆と伝えられてきたが、作風の相違から複数の人物により12世紀中葉から13世紀前葉にかけて作成されたとみられる。
- It has been reported to be painted by Toba Sojo Kakuyu, but it is believed to be created during the period from the middle of the 12th century to the early 13th century by several persons because of a difference in style.
- 頼朝の挙兵直後の勢力はそうした三浦氏、千葉氏、上総氏の一族、そして江戸氏、河越氏、豊島氏、畠山氏ら、秩父氏がベースであった。
- The forces of Yoritomo right after mobilization consisted of such Miura, Chiba, Kazusa, Edo, Kawagoe, Toshima, Hatakeyama, and Chichibu clans.
- 棟梁という言葉は今日では「大工の親方」という意味で用いられることが多いが、元は建物の屋根の主要部分である棟と梁を指していた。
- Although the term 'toryo' (棟梁) generally refers to 'master of craftsmen' at present, it originally referred to to (棟) (ridge) and ryo (梁) (a beam), the essential parts of a building's ceiling.
- また、上方と呼ばれる地域における文化は上方文化とも呼ばれ、代表的なものに上方舞、上方落語、上方浮世絵、上方歌、上方言葉がある。
- The culture in the area called Kamigata was called Kamigata culture such as Kamigata dancing, Kamigata rakugo, Kamigata Ukiyo-e, Kamigata language.
- 「詩書画三絶」という言葉が示すように、水墨画などでは1つの作品に詩、書、絵画が表わされ、これらは不可分のものとして鑑賞された。
- Calligraphy forms a harmonious whole with poetry and painting in, for example, 'suibokuga' (a monochrome painting in India ink), so these three have been appreciated as an inseparable art, and this is symbolized by the existence of the phrase 'The Three Perfections: Calligraphy, Poetry and Painting.'
- 『玉葉』に従えば、平氏は数万騎であるのに対して源氏は1~2千騎程度の僅かな軍勢しかいない圧倒的に不利な状況にあったことになる。
- If we follow the 'Gyokuyo,' the Minamoto clan merely had one to two thousand cavalrymen as opposed to the Taira clan's several thousand cavalrymen, so the Minamoto clan was facing an overwhelming disadvantage.
- 宣旨の発布を知った義仲は激しく怒り、後白河院に対し「生涯の遺恨」とまで言うほどの強い抗議を行っている(『玉葉』十月二十日条)。
- Knowing that the decree had been released, Yoshinaka got furious and made a strong protest to Goshirakawa-in telling him that it was 'the grudge of the lifetime' (the section of the 20th day of the 10th month in the 'Gyokuyo').
- 後白河と義仲の間には緊迫した空気が流れ、義仲は義経の手勢が少数であれば入京を認めると妥協案を示した(『玉葉』11月16日条)。
- There was an intense atmosphere around Goshirakawa and Yoshinaka, and Yoshinaka suggested a compromise solution that if Yoshitsune's forces were small, he would allow them to enter the capital ('Gyokuyo,' entry of January 7, 1184).
- 基房は師家の摂政就任を後白河に懇願して断られた経緯があり(『玉葉』8月2日条)、娘の藤原伊子を義仲に嫁がせて復権を狙っていた。
- Motofusa had pleaded with Goshirakawa to install Moroie as Sessho, but his plea was turned down before ('Gyokuyo,' entry of August 28), and he had been waiting for a chance to earn restitution by having his daughter FUJIWARA no Ishi marry Yoshinaka.
- これが「日本三景」という言葉の文献的な初出とされ、貝原が訪れる以前から「日本三景」が一般に知られた括りであったと推定されている。
- This is deemed as the first appearance of the words 'Nihon Sankei' in literature and it is inferred that 'Nihon Sankei' was well-known grouping even before Kaibara's visit.
- 島自体は、安山岩を主に火山性の岩石で、周囲のほとんどが切り立った崖になっており、タブノキなどの常緑広葉樹の原生林で覆われている。
- The island itself, which consists of volcanic rocks (mainly Anzangan rock (andesite)), is mostly surrounded by a vertical cliff and is covered by a virgin forest of evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Machilus thunbergii.
- フランスでは工芸菓子としての砂糖菓子一般を指す言葉としてシュクルダール(Sucre DArt)があり、飴細工もこの中に含まれる。
- In France there is the word Sucre Dart which refers to sugar confectionery in general as kogyo gashi (decorated sweets) and amezaiku is also included in this.
- 文士劇が広く認められるようになったのは、明治時代に組織された若葉会と、その後身である東京毎日新聞演劇会による公演によってである。
- It was the performances by the Wakaba-kai which was organized in the Meiji period and its reconstituted organization, the Tokyo Mainich Shimbun Engeki-kai that made the bunshi-geki widely accepted.
- 『古事記』に「畝火之白檮原宮(うねびのかしはらのみや)」、『万葉集』に「可之波良能宇禰備乃宮(かしはらのうねびのみや)」とある。
- In kojiki, there is a description 'the capital is Unebi no Kashihara no miya,' while in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), there is a description 'the capital is Kashihara no Unebi no miya.'
- 青松葉事件(あおまつばじけん)とは、慶応4年(1868年)1月20日から25日にかけて発生した尾張藩内での佐幕派弾圧事件である。
- The Aomatsuba Incident was Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun) crackdown incident which happened in the Owari Domain from February 13 to 18 in 1868.
- 奈良時代に成立した『万葉集』には防人のために徴用された兵や、その家族が詠んだ歌が100首以上収録されており、防人歌と総称される。
- 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), a collection of poetry written during the Nara period, contains more than 100 poems collectively called sakimori-no-uta (Sakimori poems) that were composed by soldiers drafted for sakimori and their family members.
- 義仲は「故三条宮の至孝を思し食さざる条、太だ以て遺恨」(『玉葉』8月20日条)と不満を表明するが、20日、後鳥羽天皇が践祚する。
- Yoshinaka said, 'Being dutiful to the late Sanjo no miya, I find it extremely regrettable,' expressing his displeasure ('Gyokuyo,' entry of September 15), but Emperor Gotoba ascended to the throne on September 15.
- 時を同じくして伊勢でも平信兼以下が鈴鹿山を切り塞いで謀反を起こし、院中は例えようもないほど動揺したという(『玉葉』7月8日条)。
- At the same time, also in Ise, TAIRA no Nobukane and his followers blocked off Mt. Suzuka by cutting down trees and rose in revolt, which was said to upset the whole In ('Gyokuyo' (The Diary of Kanezane KUJO) the article of August 22, 1184).
- 日本固有の大和言葉では、 '天皇が慈しむべき天下の大いなる宝である万民' を意味する、 'おおみたから' の和訓がふられている。
- In yamato-kotoba, words of Japanese origin, the Japanese reading 'omitakara,' which indicates 'people who are great treasures of the country and should be cared for by an emperor,' is given.
- おにぎりは「鬼を切る」という言葉に似ている為、魔よけの効果があるとの説もあり、鬼退治に白飯の握り飯を投げつけたなどの民話もある。
- Onigiri has a theory of being an effective talisman because it is similar to the word 'oni wo kiru' (wipe out an ogre), and there is a folk tale that nigiri-meshi of white cooked rice is thrown to wipe out ogres.
- 下総国千葉郡小弓城(現在の千葉市中央区_(千葉市)生実・同緑区_(千葉市)おゆみ野の一帯)に本拠地があったことから、その名がある。
- The name has its origin in Oyumi-jo Castle in Chiba County of Shimousa Province (the present whole area of both Oyumino, Midori Ward, Chiba City & Omi, Chuo Ward, Chiba City), where they established their base.
- 稲葉正邦(まさくに)<従四位下。民部大輔。侍従>【嘉永元年11月24日藩主就任-明治4年7月20日藩知事免官】〔京都所司代。老中〕
- Masakuni INABA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on November 24,1848 - dismissed as Governor of the domain on July 20, 1871'[Kyoto Shoshidai (the shogunate's military governor stationed in Kyoto), Roju (Senior Councillor of the Tokugawa shogunate)]
- 江戸幕府が倒されて明治政府が誕生すると、廃藩置県によって、かつての丹国は豊岡県に、青葉山 (京都府・福井県)以東は敦賀県になった。
- The Meiji Government, which came into being after the Edo bakufu was (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) abolished, removed clans and established prefectures; former Ninokuni became Toyooka Prefecture and the area east of Mt. Aoba (Kyoto and Fukui Prefectures) became Tsuruga Prefecture.
- 是非もないと弥十郎はカキツバタの葉を池に浮かべ「君は船、臣は水」と忠義を説きさもなくば自身が腹を切るとの覚悟に皐月は泣く泣く従う。
- Yajuro, being unable to refuse, explains to Satsuki what fidelity is, floating a leaf of Japanese iris on a pond and saying, 'a lord is a ship, a vassal is water,' and Satsuki, knowing that he is prepared to commit seppuku if she refuses, obeys him in tears.
- 同年11月14日滝川一益、明智光秀、蜂屋頼隆、氏家直重、伊賀伊賀守、稲葉良通、羽柴秀吉、細川藤孝軍と荒木村重軍の先鋒隊が激突した。
- On December 22, 1578, troops of Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, Mitsuhide AKECHI, Yoritaka HACHIYA, Naoshige UJIIE, Iganokami IGA, Yoshimichi INABA, Hideyoshi HASHIBA and Fujitaka HOSOKAWA and the vanguard of the troops of Murashige ARAKI crashed.
- その上で武士の生活態度や信条というモデルケースから日本人の精神的な土壌が醸成された過程を分かりやすい構成と言葉で読者に伝えている。
- He explained then the process in which Japanese spiritual base was fermented using model cases of samurai behaviours and principles in simple construction and words.
- 藤井高尚「松の落葉」によれば、「江家次第」立后の条に「師子形二」「師子形(二)御帳南面左右(一)」((一)(二)は返り点)とある。
- According to 'Matsu no ochiba' (a book on Shinto) written by Takanao FUJII, in the section of investiture of the Empress in 'Gokeshidai' (the Ritual Protocol of the Oe House), it is described that 'Two Shishi-shaped guardian dogs shall be placed on the left and right sides in front of the south face of the chodai.'
- そうした流れの中で16世紀中葉に登場した織田信長は、兵農分離などにより自領の武力を強力に組織化して急速に支配地域を拡大していった。
- Nobunaga ODA who appeared around the middle of the 16th century established a strong fighting organization in his territory, for example, by separating samurai from the farmers, and rapidly expanding his territory.
- 相馬御厨(そうまみくりや)は現在の茨城県取手市、守谷市、千葉県柏市、流山市、我孫子市のあたりにあった中世の荘園寄進地系荘園の一つ。
- Soma-mikuriya was one of the medieval shoen (manor in medieval Japan) holdings of the commendation type in areas that are today's Toride City and Moriya City, Ibaraki Prefecture, and Kashiwa City, Nagareyama City, and Abiko City, Chiba Prefecture.
- いわば煎茶の残りかすであるため安価だが、茶葉の質そのものは煎茶に劣るものではないため、価格の割りに良い味のものが多いとされている。
- Being, as it were, remnants of sencha, konacha is cheap, but is often said to be of good taste for its price as the quality itself of tea leaves is as good as that of sencha.
- 戦時は弓の落下を防ぐ為に左手に薬練を引いて弓と手を半接着していたが、この事が『手ぐすねを引いて待つ』という言葉の語源になっている。
- To avoid dropping a bow in wartime, the bow and hand were loosely bonded by kusune (pine resin), which is the word originated 'tegusune wo hiite matsu' (to wait in a ready state).
- 新田氏本宗家は頼朝から門葉と認められず、公式の場での源姓を称することが許されず、官位も比較的低く、受領官に推挙されることもなかった。
- The head family of the Nitta clan was not recognized as a Monyo (blood line, lineage, connected by blood) by Yoritomo, was not allowed to use a family name of Minamoto in public, had a considerably low official court rank, and had not been recommended as a zuryokan.
- なお、この三河国吉良荘の吉良の語源は、荘園内に雲母(大和言葉で「きらら」)の鉱山を古くから有したためにつけられたものと言われている。
- Additionally, the origin of the word of kira as Kiranosho of Mikawa Province, is said to be derived from the word 'kirara' (in yamato-kotoba [words of Japanese origi]) which is mica, since the clan had a mica mine within its shoen from long time ago.
- 一方、経清(亘理権大夫)以来代々の所領地曰理郷(亘理郡)も清綱(亘理権十郎)の没落とともに頼朝の幕僚・千葉胤盛の支配する所となった。
- Meanwhile, Watari Go (Watari County), which the Oshu Fujiwara clan had controlled for generations since FUJIWARA no Tsunekiyo (Gon no daibu [a provisional master] of the Watari region), was put under the rule of Tanemori CHIBA, a staff officer of Yoritomo, after the fall of Kiyotsuna (Gonjuro WATARI).
- 『万葉集』に「中皇命(「なかつすめらみこと」の訓が一般的)」とある人物が間人皇女のことを指すのではないかとする説が荷田春満以来ある。
- Meanwhile, KADA no Azumamaro argued that Hashihito no Himemiko was identical to a person named 'Nakatsusumera Mikoto' appearing in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 上記の紅葉パラダイス、旅亭 紅葉のかつての運営主体の丸玉観光株式会社(京都市)はホテル改装と遊園地の不振などによる負債を抱えていた。
- Marutama Kanko in Kyoto City, the former operating company of the above-mentioned Koyo Paradise and Ryotei Koyo, was in debt due to the renovation of the hotel, the business depression of the amusement park, etc.
- 辻番所で交わされる幸蔵・与惣兵衛の親子の名乗りと、稲葉内の幸蔵と三吉とのやり取りが人気で、今日ではもっぱらこの二幕が上演されている。
- The scene when Kozo and Yosobe talk and find out they are a father and son in Tsujibansho and the conversations between Kozo and Sankichi in Inaba are popular; these two scenes are mainly performed in these days.
- 土佐藩軍艦府は、警備の藩兵に取締を命じ、帰艦を諭示させたが、言葉が通じず、混雑もあって、水兵側は土佐の隊旗を倒伏、逃亡しようとした。
- The Gunkan-fu (warship section) of the Tosa Domain ordered Tosa security retainers to police the sailors and urge them to return to their ship; confused as a result of the language barrier and the congestion in the area, however, the French sailors tried to escape from the security retainers, knocking over a flag of the Tosa security group in the process.
- 寛文3年(1663年)、幼少である霊元天皇の補佐を目的として葉室頼業・園基福・正親町実豊・東園基賢の4名が任命されたのを嚆矢とする。
- In 1663, it began with the appointment of Yorinari HAMURO, Motoyoshi SONO, Sanetoyo OGIMACHI, and Motokata HIGASHIZONO for the purpose of assisting the young Emperor Reigen.
- 戦史編纂研究所の分析は、世宗実録の敗戦記述を無視して偽使者の言葉のみを取り上げており、意図的に史料を歪曲して解釈している疑いがある。
- But the analysis conducted by the research center that compiles Korean military annals ignores the entry in the True Record of King Sejong's Reign that describes the expedition as a military defeat, focusing exclusively on the words of a man who claimed to be an emissary, leading to doubts about whether they intentionally distorted historical records to support their explanation.
- なお、6代伊行は日本最初の書論書『日本の書流世尊寺流』を、7代伊経も藤原教長から授かった秘伝をまとめた書論書『才葉抄』を著している。
- The sixth generation, Koreyuki wrote 'Sesonji School of Japanese Calligraphy,' the first Japanese calligraphy book, and the seventh generation, Koretsune wrote the book, 'Saiyosho' (teachings on calligraphy) in which techniques taught from FUJIWARA no Norinaga were summarized.
- 8月6日、後白河は平氏一門・党類200余人を解官すると(『百錬抄』同日条、『玉葉』8月9日条)、天皇不在の中で院殿上除目を強行した。
- On September 1, removing some 200 Taira clan and cabal from the office ('Hyakuren sho' [History book for the Kamakura period], entry of September 1, 'Gyokuyo' [Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane], entry of September 4), Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa forcibly conducted Jimon at In dono without an emperor being present.
- 河海抄の記述によれば、もち米を乾燥させて臼でひいて作った餅粉(現在の道明寺粉)を甘葛の汁で練って団子のようにし、椿の葉で包んだもの。
- According to the description in Kakai-sho Commentary, Tsubaki-mochi was something like a dumpling made from mochi-ko (rice cake flour, present-day domyojiko [dried and granulated glutinous rice flour]) that was made by grinding dried glutinous rice with a mill-stone, kneaded with amazura (traditional sweetener commonly used in the past), and wrapped with camellia leaves.
- しかしながら殆どのキリスト教諸教派の一覧においては、日常用語として「祭」(まつり)という言葉は単独ではあまり用いられない傾向がある。
- However, the term 'matsuri' tends not to be used often by itself as an everyday language in the list of most Christian schools.
- しかし、幕府もこの風聞を信じて近隣の諸藩に出兵を命じたため、同年8月20日、紀通は福知山城にて鉄砲自殺して果て、稲葉氏は改易となった。
- The shogunate, however, took the rumor seriously, and ordered several neighboring domains to send troops, with the result that Norimichi committed shot himself dead in the Fukuchiyama-jo Castle on August 20, 1648, and the Inaba clan was punished by Kaieki (removal of samurai status and expropriation of territories).
- しかし現在では、近代的な用語としてクーデターや反乱などの言葉が使われ、明治以降の武力反抗事件に謀反という言葉は用いられなくなっている。
- Today people use more modern terms such as 'coup d'etat' or 'hanran' instead of 'muhon' for armed rebellions after Meiji.
- 日清戦争後に財政収入を増やすために、煙草税則が改められ、明治31年(1898年)1月葉煙草専売法が実施され、葉タバコの専売を開始した。
- In order to increase the income after the Sino-Japanese War, the rule for tobacco tax was reformed, the Leaf Tobacco Monopoly Law went into effect in January, 1898, and the monopoly of leaf tobacco was started.
- その為、一般的な合戦解説では、後白河法皇の政略を加味しつつ、具体的な合戦経過は『玉葉』を交えつつも主に『吾妻鏡』と『平家物語』を採り。
- Thus, as a general explanation of the battle, the authors of history books mainly reference descriptions of the specific progress of the battle in 'Azuma Kagami' and 'Heike Monogatari,' considering the political maneuver of Emperor Goshirakawa and adding the view of 'Gyokuyo.'
- 平安後期になると、「家」内部で家業の継承をめぐる紛争が頻発し、12世紀中葉にはその紛争が武力衝突として具現化してしまった(保元の乱)。
- In the late Heian Period, disputes over the succession of family business frequently occurred inside the 'clan,' and in the mid twelfth century, the disputes evolved into tangible forms of armed conflicts (the Hogen war).
- この事件以降、12世紀中葉の平治の乱まで中央の政治抗争は武力を伴わず、死刑も執行されない非武力的な政治の時代が永らく続くこととなった。
- After this incident, until the Heiji War in the middle of 12th century, the non-violent political age continued, during which central political conflicts did not lead to military confrontations or the execution of the death penalty.
- なお、この火災の日付については、『玉葉』が3月24日、『後清録記』が4月24日のこととしており、『後清録記』の日付を採用する説もある。
- The date of this fire is mentioned as May 9 (lunar calendar) in the 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane) and June 8 (lunar calendar) in 'Goseirokuki' and there is a theory that proposes the date in 'Goseirokuki' as correct.
- 頭文字で分類しかつ意味で部門分けする形式は早く平安時代末期(院政期)成立の『色葉字類抄』と、その増補と見られる『伊呂波字類抄』がある。
- The method of collating words according to their first syllable with semantic subdivisions had been established as early as at the end of the Heian period (during the period of government by the retired Emperor) as represented by 'Irohajiru sho' (one of Japanese dictionaries in the Heian period) and its supposedly enlarged edition, 'Irohajirui-sho' (a dictionary written by Tadakane TACHIBANA in Heian period).
- 文章上はよい展開に見える曲も実際の演技にそぐうものでなくては意味がない、言葉の余韻を大切にし、文章は簡潔かつ意味を明快にせよ……など。
- It does not make any sense if the piece which seems to have a good plot on sentences does not match the actual performance, and much weight must be placed on resonance of words and sentences and their meanings must be concise…etc.
- ツヅラフジは漢字で書く場合は「葛藤」となり、つるがもつれ合う様から、感情がもつれることの表現として「かっとう」という言葉が残っている。
- Tsuzurafuji is written as '葛藤' in Chinese character and it reminds of vines tangled, and the word, 'katto' (struggle) remains as an expression for the emotional entanglements.
- 皇別(こうべつ)もしくは王孫(おうそん)とは、王家や帝家、とりわけ日本の天皇家の一門の中で臣籍降下した分流・庶流の氏族を指す言葉である。
- Kobetsu or oson is a term that refers to shizoku (clan, family), a branch family of a royal family or imperial family, especially a family which has seceded from Japanese Imperial Family.
- ポーランドでは強訴をロコシュ(Rokosz)と呼び、これはハンガリー語で「集会」を表す言葉のラーコシュ(Rákos)が起源である外来語。
- In Poland, goso is referred to as 'rokosz,' a word of foreign origin that has its roots in the word 'rákos' meaning 'gathering' in the Hungarian language.
- 白河法皇は「賀茂川の水、双六の賽、山法師。これぞ朕が心にままならぬもの」という言葉を残しているが、これは延暦寺の強訴を嘆いての事である。
- Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa's words, 'The water of Kamo-gawa River, dice in sugoroku (a Japanese backgammon), and yamahoshi (armed priest); these are not in my power,' describes his lament over the goso of Enryaku-ji Temple.
- 稲荷台1号古墳は千葉県市原市の養老川下流域の北岸台地上に営まれた12基からなる稲荷台古墳群中の1基であり、径約28メートルの円墳である。
- Inaridai No.1 Tumulus is a round burial mound whose diameter is about 28 meters and one of the Inaridai Kofun Cluster which consists of twelve burial mounds located on the height of the northern shore of the lower Yoro-gawa River in Ichihara City, Chiba Prefecture.
- その後、長く不明になっていたが、江戸幕府の医家多紀元簡が紅葉山文庫より上下2巻全18編の古写本を発見して再び世に伝えられるようになった。
- Although it had been lost for a long time since then, an old manuscript of the two-volume dictionary composed of 18 chapters was dug up from the Momijiyama Library by Genkan TAKI, who served as a doctor in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and it came to be handed down again to posterity.
- 10世紀中葉から後期にかけて、ある官職に伴う権限義務を特定の家系へ請け負わせる官司請負制が中央政界でも地方政治でも著しく進展していった。
- From the middle to the end of the 10th century, the government official contract system developed in the national political arena as well as in regional politics: specific family lines were given contracts to have authority and duties associated with certain government posts.
- ただし、後白河は北陸道を宣旨の対象地域から除き、上野・信濃も義仲の勢力圏と認めて、頼朝に義仲との和平を命じた(『玉葉』10月23日条)。
- However, Goshirakawa removed Hokuriku-do Road from the area covered by the Senji, acknowledged Ueno and Shinano as Yoshinaka's sphere of influence, and ordered Yoritomo to make peace with Yoshinaka ('Gyokuyo,' entry of November 16).
- 結果は院近臣勢力の露骨な拡大であり、兼実は「任人の体、殆ど物狂と謂ふべし。悲しむべし悲しむべし」(『玉葉』8月16日条)と憤慨している。
- The result was an outright expansion of the poser of In-no-kinshin (vassal attending on a retired emperor), which made Kanezane indignant enough to say, 'The state of appointments is practically insane. It is deplorable. Deplorable' ('Gyokuyo,' entry of September 11).
- 『寸松庵色紙』(すんしょうあんしきし)は、『古今和歌集』四季の歌を抜き書きしたもので、もと粘葉装冊子であったが、分割され色紙形になった。
- The 'Sunshoan-shikishi' contains waka poetry from the 'Kokin Wakashu' relating to the four seasons and was originally a decchoso-style booklet but was divided, giving it a shikishi-like form.
- 11世紀半ばから後半の書写と考えられる完成期の古筆は、かなの典型ともいえ、優雅、典雅という言葉があてはまり、激しさを表にすることがない。
- Ancient calligraphy of the complete period, considered to be works copied down from the mid- to late 11th century, is known as an archetypal kana to which the words of elegant and graceful can be applied and in which intensity remains in the background.
- 日常語として「漫画」という言葉が使われ始めたのは昭和時代からで、それまでは「ポンチ」や「鳥羽絵」、「狂画」、「戯画」などと呼ばれていた。
- It was the Showa period that the word 'manga' started to be used as the daily language and it had been called such as 'ponchi', 'tobae', 'kyoga' and 'caricature' before that.
- 稲葉正のぶ(まさのぶ)<従四位下。丹後守>【安永2年11月6日藩主就任-文化3年8月24日死去】〔奏者番。寺社奉行。大坂城代。京都所司代〕
- Masanobu INABA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on November 6, 1773 - died on August 24, 1806'[Sojaban (Government Official of the Imperial Ceremony), Jishabugyo (a magistrate of shrines and temples), Osaka Jodai (Keeper of Osaka Castle), Kyoto Shoshidai (the shogunate's military governor stationed in Kyoto)]
- 三表葵御紋は征夷大将軍のみで尾張家は二表一裏葵御紋、紀伊家は一表二裏葵御紋、水戸家は三裏葵御紋であるから三つ葉葵にも各家若干の違いがある。
- Mitsuba-aoi were slightly different between each family; the hollyhock crest with a front view of three leaves was only used by Seii taishogun (literally, 'the great general who subdues the barbarians') while the one with two front-sided and one back-sided leaves was for the Owari family, the one with one front-sided and two back-sided leaves was for the Kishu family, and the one with three back-sided leaves was for the Mito family.
- 山腹には青葉山にだけ自生するオミナエシ科の多年草「オオキンレイカ」のほか、イワヒバ科のヒモカズラなど、きわめて重要な種が多く分布している。
- Many important species of plants, such as Himokazura (Selaginella shakotanensis) of Selaginellaceae, in addition to Okishireika (Patrinia takeuchiana Makino) of the Valerian family, which grows naturally only in this mountain, exist on the hill side.
- なお、上記の如く女性天皇とは単に女性の天皇を指す、個々の天皇の性別についての言葉であるが、語句の類似性から女系天皇と混同されることが多い。
- By the way a female emperor simply means female emperor, but sometimes the word, female emperor can be understood as emperor of the female line since it has a similar meaning.
- しかしながら、義経が崖ないし坂を駆け下って平氏の一ノ谷の陣営奇襲したという「逆落し」自体は当時の一級史料である『玉葉』には記されていない。
- However, there is no description of 'sakaotoshi' which indicates Yoshitsune having ran down a cliff or a hill then executing a surprise attack on the Ichinotani military camp of the Taira clan in 'Gyokuyo,' the first class historical material of that period.
- 「武者」という言葉なら平安時代中期の『往来物』の、有名な「松影是雖武者子孫(松影はまことに武者の子孫なりと雖も)」という下りにも出てくる。
- The word 'busha' appeared in the famous phrase, '松影是雖武者子孫' (Matsukage was the true descendant of busha), in 'Oraimono' (a textbook for common people) during the mid-Heian period.
- これは吉宗が射礼や犬追物など弓馬の古式の復興に熱心で諸家の記録を調べていたためで、「世に稀なる書ゆえ永く秘蔵すべき」旨の言葉があったという。
- It was because Yoshimune was examining records of each family for revival of old style kyuba such as jarai (shooting) and inuoumono (dog-hunting event, a skill of an archery) and Mochihiro was given words 'those books are rare in the world and to be stashed away for many years.'
- しかし享保8年(1723年)5月1日には下総国佐倉藩へ移され、入れ替わりで稲葉正知が10万2000石で入ることで、ようやく藩主家が定着した。
- However, on May 1, 1723, he was transferred to the Sakura Domain in Shimousa Province, and was replaced with Masatomo INABA who took over with 102,000 koku and began a long-term presence for the INABA family.
- 平成13年(2001年)のアメリカ同時多発テロに際してジェームズ・ベーカー駐日アメリカ大使を通じてブッシュ大統領に見舞いの言葉を贈っている。
- When September 11 attacks struck at the United States of America in 2001, he sent his sympathies to U.S. President George W. Bush through the U.S. Ambassador to Japan, James Baker.
- 験(げん)を担いで、または鉄火という言葉を掛けた洒落として、博打の合間には、手軽に食べられる簡易食の、「鉄火巻」が好まれたという逸話もある。
- There is an anecdote that uses a word play, in which tekka-maki (literally means rolled tekka or tuna sushi roll) was a preferred food for good luck because it could be eaten as a simple meal between gambling matches.
- 鎌倉幕府において、源氏一門は、血統や功績等により源姓を称することが許される御門葉と、源姓を称することが適わず、名字を称するものに区別された。
- In Kamakura bakufu, the Minamoto family was divided into two types: gomonyo (a family with honorary status) who were allowed to use the family name Minamoto depending on their blood line or achievements; and families who were not permitted to call themselves Minamoto and used myoji (family name).
- 「朝廷」の言葉の由来は、大宝律令が成立し朝廷の政治体制が確立された奈良時代は、政治や会議等は早朝から始められ午前中に開かれていたことによる。
- The Imperial Court is called Chotei (朝廷) which literally means the morning court; the politics, conferences and the like were held before noon from early in the morning in the Nara period when Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code) was set up and the political system of the Imperial Court was established,
- 「文明開化」という言葉は福澤諭吉が『文明論之概略』明治8年(1875年)の中で、civilizationの訳語として使ったのが始まりである。
- The term '文明開化' (civilization and enlightenment) was used by Yukichi FUKUZAWA for the first time in his essay published in 1875, 'Bunmeiron no gairyaku' (An Outline of a Theory of Civilization) as the translation of the word, civilization.
- 俗称として「文章道」という言葉もまた通用していた可能性はあるものの、「文章道」が公式な学科名として用いられたことは無かったと考えられている。
- The term 'monjodo' may have been used as a common name; however, it is believed that 'monjodo' was never used as an official name for the subject.
- 享保元年頃(1716年)、「武士道と云ふは、死ぬ事と見付けたり」の一節で有名な『葉隠』が佐賀藩の山本常朝によって著される(筆記は田代陣基)。
- In 1716 'Hagakure' which is famous for the passage 'I found that Bushido means dying' was written by Jocho YAMAMOTO from Saga Domain (dictated by Tsuramoto TASHIRO).
- なお、後述のように豊臣政権の没落後、右筆衆の中には徳川政権によって右筆に登用されたものもおり、右筆衆という言葉は江戸幕府でも採用されている。
- As stated below, after the Toyotomi government had fallen, some of the Yuhitsushu were hired by the Tokugawa government, and the term Yuhitsushu was also adopted by the Edo Bakufu.
- 更に鎌倉時代には田畠にかけられた正規の賦課に限定されるようになり、本来そうした意味を有していた言葉であった「年貢」と混用されるようになった。
- In the Kamakura period, the word meant a regular levy on paddy fields and dry fields, and began to be interchanged with 'nengu' which originally had a similar meaning.
- 古くは万葉集の巻9、1699において、「巨椋(おおくら)の入江響(とよ)むなり射部人(いめびと)の伏見が田居(たい)に雁渡るらし」と詠まれた。
- In ancient times, there was a poem about Ogura-ike Pond saying, 'I hear loud sound over the cove of Okura (Ogura-ike Pond) and it seems that a flock of geese are flying to rice paddies in Fushimi,' Volume 9, No. 1699, Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 応保元年(1161年)4月、院御所・法住寺殿が完成すると滋子は、後白河や皇后・忻子と共に入御して「東の御方」と呼ばれるようになる(『玉葉』)。
- In May and June 1161, when the In Palace and the palace of Hoju-ji Temple completed, Shigeko entered into the palace together with Emperor Goshirakawa, and the Empress Kinshi, and was called 'Higashi no onkata' (respected way to call a female aristocrat).
- 『玉葉』同年正月13日の条によると、徳子を後白河法皇の後宮に入れようという策があり、清盛も承知したが、徳子がこれを強く拒み出家を願ったという。
- According to Gyokuyo (the Diary of Kanezane KUJO), the article on the thirteenth in the New Year of the same year, attempts were made to get Tokuko to enter Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa's inner palace; Tokuko was strongly opposed to this, however, as she wished to become a nun.
- 『大日本国一宮記』は、全国67社の名称、祭神と別称、鎮座地が記載され、最後に 「右諸国一宮神社如此。秘中之神秘也」 との言葉で閉められている。
- 'Dainihonkoku Ichinomiya-Ki' lists the names of 67 shrines of Japan, the names of enshrined gods, the nicknames and the locations; it is closed with the passage 'the above are all Ichinomiya shrine of various provinces, those are the mysteries of extreme secrets'.
- なお、現代中国語において「專賣」という言葉は、専売制の他に、特定の商品に絞った専門販売、専門店という意味でも使われているので注意が必要である。
- Also, in modern Chinese, the word 'monopoly' means sales and shops specialized in specific goods as well as monopolization, so one must be careful to use the word.
- 『葉隠』(武士)や『町人嚢』、『盲安杖』(僧侶)などはそれぞれの立場からの家職・家業を全うさせる事が社会的義務であることを説いた書物であった。
- Documents such as 'Hagakure (The Book of The Samurai' (bushi), 'Choninbukuro' 'Moanjo'(monk) encouraged people that staying and succeeding in their Kashoku/Kagyo was a societal responsibility.
- 義仲は、頼朝追討の宣旨ないし御教書の発給(『玉葉』閏10月21日条)、志太義広の平氏追討使への起用を要求するが、後白河が認めるはずもなかった。
- Yoshinaka demanded the issuance of an imperial decree or Migyosho (a document for informing people of the decision of Third Rank or upper people) to hunt down and kill MINAMOTO no Yorimoto ('Gyokuyo,' entry of December 14), but in no way would Goshirakawa acknowledge the demand.
- それだけにどうにでも言い換えの利く言葉でもあり、確信的に農民を貶める目的があろうはずもなく前述のとおり自主規制によってあまり聞かれなくなった。
- Thus, the term can be put otherwise in any way and there is certainly no intention to diminish peasants, and the term is less heard due to self-restraints as described above.
- 『吾妻鏡』には書かれていない相馬御厨での経緯を見れば、特に千葉常胤にとって、源義朝は「御恩」を感じるような相手ではなかったことは明らかである。
- By looking at the progress of Soma-mikuriya (private estate of Soma ranch) not written in 'Azuma Kagami,' Tsunetate CHIBA was especially not the person whom MINAMOTO no Yoritomo felt 'indebted' to.
- 例えば、雅楽に用いる鳥兜と火炎太鼓に紅葉を添えたものは、源氏物語「紅葉の賀」で主人公が紅葉の下で鳥兜をかぶる優美な舞青海波を舞った場面を表す。
- For instance, the uta-e depicting a torikabuto (a traditional hat worn when playing gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music)), a kaendaiko (a large drum decorated with flames), and Japanese maple leaves suggests the scene where the hero of 'Genji Monogatari' performed an elegant dance 'Seigaiha' (Blue Ocean Wave) donning a torikabuto under Japanese maple trees, which appears in the chapter of 'Koyo-no-ga' (An Autumn Excursion).
- 梅雨の晴れ間のことを五月晴れ(さつきばれ)というが、この言葉は最近では「ごがつばれ」とも読んで新暦5月初旬のよく晴れた天候を指すことの方が多い。
- Sunny spells during baiu is called 'satsukibare' (literally, sunny spells in May), but, in recent years, it is more popular that this expression is read as 'gogatsubare' and means fine weather in the beginning of May by new calendar (solar calendar).
- 併設の紅葉パラダイスは1978年、ドイツ製蒸気機関車と国際寝台車会社製寝台車 (鉄道)8両を連ねた「ホテル・オリエント急行」を敷地内に開業した。
- In 1978, Koyo Paradise adjacent to Hotel Koyo opened 'Hotel Orient Express,' which was a nine-car train consisting of a steam locomotive made in Germany and eight sleeping railroad cars made by International Sleeping-Car Company, on its property.
- 万葉歌人としても万葉集巻1雑歌28に藤原宮御宇天皇代(高天原廣野姫天皇 元年丁亥11年譲位軽太子尊号曰太上天皇)天皇御製歌として名を留めている。
- Her tanka (31 syllables' poem) appears in Manyoshu volume one as the 28th zoka (poems other than love poems and elegies), and her name is referred to as the Empress at Fujiwara Palace (Takamanohara Hirono Hime no Sumeramikoto; who started ruling in 686 for 11 years, abdicated the throne to Karu no Hitsugi no miko [Emperor Monmu] and became a Daijo Tenno [the retired empress]).
- 御取納丁銀(おとりおさめちょうぎん):譲葉丁銀に「御取納」の極印が打たれ、毛利氏が永禄3年(1560年)、正親町天皇の即位礼のとき献上したもの。
- Otoriosame Chogin: Yuzuriha Chogin with '御取納' (Otoriosame) hallmarked and were presented by the Mori clan at the Emperor Ogimachi's enthronement ceremony in 1560.
- 古来より数多くの呼称があり、古く『万葉集』には、遊行女婦(うかれめ)の名で書かれており、平安時代になるとこれに代わって遊女(あそび)がでてくる。
- There have been many names referring to yujo since ancient times; in old 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), it was called ukareme, and in the Heian period it became asobi instead.
- 天寿国曼荼羅繍帳にある「世間虚仮、唯仏是真」(せけんこけ、ゆいぶつぜしん)という言葉は、聖徳太子の晩年の心境をよく窺うことが出来るとされている。
- The quote on Tenjukoku Mandara Shucho (a piece of embroidered silk) 'the real world is false and temporary, only the Buddha is true' is said to show how Prince Shotoku was feeling in his later life.
- 花見や紅葉紅葉にまつわる文化のような行楽の一部として、または野点を主体として庭園(→日本庭園)から完全な野外に至るまで様々な場所で催されている。
- It is presented as a part of a cultural activity related to cherry blossom or autumn leave viewing, as a main event in a garden (Japanese garden) or as an entirely open-air event.
- 洋服を率先着用した理由としてもう一つ「上半身と下半身の分かれていない着物は女子の行動を制限して不自由である」という皇后自身の言葉も伝えられている。
- As another reason for taking the lead in wearing western clothes, the empress herself was quoted as saying'Kimono that is not separated into upper and lower parts limits a girl's movements and is inconvenient.'
- 江戸時代の伴信友は『万葉集』に収録されている額田王(女性)の和歌の内容から、額田王をめぐる争いが天智・天武間の不和の遠因ではないかと推測している。
- Nobutomo BAN who lived in the Edo period presumed that the remote cause of the dissatisfaction between Emperor Tenchi and Emperor Tenmu was a dispute over Nukata no Okimi (woman) as in the contents of waka (Japanese poetry) written by Nukata no Okimi in the 'Manyoshu' (anthology of Japanese poems).
- しかし、歴史的根拠に乏しく、「ナラ」の呼称が出る万葉集時代に朝鮮で「나라(発音ナラ)」と言う言葉が用いられていたことを示す文献等は現在存在しない。
- These theories, however, lack historical grounds, and literature, etc. showing that '나라 (pronounced as nara)' was used in Korea during the time of the Manyoshu when the name 'Nara' appeared are yet to be found.
- なお、この時代はまだ「幕府」という名称は武家政権を指す言葉としては定着しておらず、当時の人々は室町政権を「室町幕府」という名詞で呼んだことはない。
- In actuality, the term 'bakufu' to indicate a military government had not yet been established during this period, meaning that no one during the Muromachi period actually called the Muromachi government the 'Muromachi bakufu.'
- そうした武士の一人、佐賀藩士・山本常朝が話した内容が『葉隠』に「武士道」という記述としてまとめられているが、それは武士社会に広まることはなかった。
- One such bushi, the feudal retainer of the Saga clan Tsunetomo YAMAMOTO talked on this and the contents were edited in the description called 'bushido' in 'Hagakure' (the book of Bushido), but they did not spread in the society of bushi.
- 戦線が膠着状態となる中で義仲の耳に飛び込んできたのは、頼朝の弟が大将軍となり数万の兵を率いて上洛するという情報だった(『玉葉』閏10月17日条)。
- While the war was in a stalemate, Yoshinaka received the information that Yoritomo's younger brother who had become Taishogun (commander in chief) was on the way to the capital with tens of thousands of soldiers ('Gyokuyo,' entry of December 10).
- また、妃が設置されなくなると、「妃」という言葉自体は一般男性皇族の配偶者に対する称号として用いられることが行われ、現在の皇室典範にも継承されている。
- After the position of Hi disappeared, a word 'Hi' was used as a title for the spouse of male imperial family and it is included in the modern Imperial House Act.
- なお、旅亭 紅葉に隣接して、ホテル紅葉と丸玉観光の創業者の木下彌三郎が収集したギリシャ・ローマ彫刻、日本画、洋画などを展示している木下美術館がある。
- Pieces such as sculpture from Greece and Rome, Japanese-style paintings and western paintings collected by Yasaburo KINOSHITA, the founder of Hotel Koyo and Marutama Kanko, were on display at Kinoshita Museum of Art adjacent to Ryotei Koyo.
- この山を制した方が天下を取ることになるとして「天下分け目の天王山」という言葉で表現され、現在でもスポーツやゲームの重大な試合や局面の比喩に名を残す。
- The battle has been expressed as the metaphor 'Tenka wakeme no Tennozan' (those who take hold of Mt. Tenno rule the world) which is still used especially in crucial matches or phases of sports or games.
- なお、生酛系の造りを名乗る酒のなかで、不健全醗酵により腐造寸前の危ない酸味、飲みにくいエグ味を帯びた製成酒を蔵人言葉で鼠渡り(ねずみわたり)という。
- Also, among sakes claimed to be Kimoto type (sake production based on Kimoto method), there is seisei-shu (sake product) with risky sourness which exists just before turning to putrefaction and with harsh taste which makes sake hard to drink, and it is called nezumi-watari (rat's sake) in jargon of workers at sake breweries.
- 『若狭国』・『志摩国』・『淡路国』と万葉集にみる御食国への推定と、御食国が皇室・朝廷にとって特殊であるという説は、狩野久の研究によるところが大きい。
- 'Wakasa Province,' 'Shima Province,' and 'Awaji Province,' the estimation of Miketsukuni from the descriptions in the Manyoshu, and the theory that Miketsukuni was special for Imperial family and Imperial court, were mostly due to a study by Hisashi KANO.
- 誉津別皇子は父天皇に大変鍾愛されたが、長じてひげが胸先に達しても言葉を発することがなく、特に『日本書紀』では赤子のように泣いてばかりであったという。
- Homutsuwake no mikoto was deeply loved by his father, but although he grew up and even had the beard long enough to reach his breast, he did not speak a word, and moreover, according to the Nihonshoki, he kept only crying like a baby.
- しかしこれらには宋~明中葉の一般官田のように国家財政収入を支える国有地としての意味はなく、学田を除くと、利用を許可された個人の私有地の性質を帯びた。
- However, these lands were, in nature, not the state lands like the general kanden in the period from Song to mid-Ming which supported the national fisacal revenue, and except 学田, they were in the nature of private properties held by individuals who were permitted to use.
- 「扇面古写経」(扇面法華経冊子)は、12世紀末葉に流行した装飾経のひとつで、自然や風俗をえがいた扇形の紙面(扇面型料紙)に法華経を写したものである。
- The 'Senmen Koshakyo' (Ancient Sutra Manuscripts on a fan) (Senmen Hokkekyo Sasshi [Lotus Sutra Booklet on a Fan]) is one of decorative sutras that became popular in the end of the 12th century, and Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) was copied on the fan-shaped paper (fan-shaped ryoshi) on which nature or customs were described.
- 千葉氏や、権五郎景正の子孫、ないしは一族とされる大庭氏などにおいては、『吾妻鏡』にある「相伝の家人」が、事実と相違することは既に見てきた通りである。
- As described above, the Chiba clan and descendants of Gongoro Kagemasa, and Oba clan considered to be a clan varied from 'transmission of Kenin' mentioned in 'Azuma Kagami.'
- 『北斎漫画』が示すとおり、江戸時代から「漫画」という言葉自体は存在したものの、この「漫画」は「戯画的な絵」「絵による随筆」という意味合いが強かった。
- As shown by 'Hokusai Manga', the word 'manga' has existed since the Edo period, but the 'manga' carried a strong sense of 'a picture like a caricature' and 'an essay with pictures.'
- 1798年に発行された絵本『四時交加』の序文では、山東京伝により「気の向くままに(絵を)描く」という意味の言葉として、用語「漫画」が使用されている。
- In the preface of a picture book 'Shiishikoka (四時交加) ' which was published in 1798, Kyoden SANTO uses a word 'manga' as the meaning of 'drawing (a picture) at will.'
- また、この地が題材となったと思われる、万葉集九巻に収録されている歌「巨椋の入江響むなり射目人の伏見が田井に雁渡るらし」が刻まれた歌碑も建立されている。
- There is also a monument engraved with a poem in the volume nine of Manyo-shu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), 'Gaggling of geese resonate on Okura-ike Pond, a hunter aims at geese flying to the paddy field in Fushimi,' which showed the landscape of this place.
- 前半部のむさくるしい姿から、「ずっと出でたる剃立ての、糸鬢頭青月代」の竹本の言葉どおり、後半部のすっきりした侠客姿への団七の変わり具合が見ものである。
- One of the highlights is how Danshichi changes from a dowdy shape in the first part to a fresh kyokaku in the second part as Takemoto said 'freshly shaved Itobin-atama (head) and blue sakayaki'.
- その間に上野国や武蔵国にも出陣し、駿河国(静岡県)や甲斐国(山梨県)にも足を運んだことが『新葉和歌集』や私家集である『李花集』の内容から判明している。
- According to 'Shinyo Wakashu' (Collection of Japanese Poetry) and a private edition of poems, 'Rikashu,' it became apparent he joined the battles in Kozuke and Musashi Provinces, and even went to Suruga Province (Shizuoka Prefecture) and Kai Province (Yamanashi Prefecture).
- 滋子の美貌は『建礼門院右京大夫集』でも、「言ふ方なくめでたく、若くもおはします(言葉にできぬほど美しく、若々しい)」と絶賛しているので事実と思われる。
- It must have been true that Shigeko was exceptionally beautiful as she was praised highly and it was said in the 'Kenreimonin ukyo no Daibu shu' (The poetic Memories of Lady Daibu), 'It is hard to describe how beautiful and young she is.'
- しかし、農業博士の住江金之は著書『酒』(西ヶ原刊行会)にて、これらは別系統の言葉であると指摘、「醸す」は「かびす」から転じたものであると分析している。
- However, an agronomist Kinshi SUMIE asserts in his book 'Sake' (published by Nishigahara kankokai) that these two words have different origins and 'kamosu' derived from 'kabisu' (mold).
- 彼女たちに仕える女官長や女官が実際にその衝突を目撃したのは、大正天皇崩御の数ヶ月前、皇太子(昭和天皇)夫妻が療養先である葉山御用邸に見舞った際である。
- Chief court ladies and court ladies, who served for the Empress Teimei and the Empress Kojun, actually witnessed the conflict between two Empresses when the Crown Prince (later, the Emperor Showa) and his princess wife (later, the Empress Kojun) visited the Emperor Taisho in his place of medical treatment at the Hayama goyotei (Imperial property) a few months before the death of Emperor Taisho.
- 後白河は頼朝に「天魔の所為」と弁明するが(『吾妻鏡』11月15日条、『玉葉』11月26日条)、頼朝は院の独裁を掣肘するために廟堂改革要求を突きつける。
- Goshirakawa explained to Yoritomo that it was 'the act of evil spirits' (the item of November 15 of 'Azuma kagami' [The Mirror of the East], the item of November 26 of 'Gyokuyo' [Diary of Kanezane]), but Yoritomo thrusted a demand for the mouseleum hall reform to check dictatorship of the retired emperor.
- 頼朝の安否を心配する妻北条政子に対して巻狩に参加せず鎌倉に残っていた弟源範頼が「範頼が控えておりますので(ご安心ください)。」と見舞いの言葉を送った。
- Yoritomo's wife Masako HOJO, who was worried about his safety, received words of sympathy from Yoritomo's brother, MINAMOTO no Noriyori, who had remained in Kamakura without participating in the Makigari, saying, '(Please feel easy) because Noriyori is here.'
- その後、日露戦争の戦費調達のために明治37年(1904年)に収納から製造販売および葉煙草ならびに製品の輸入移入に至るまでことごとく専売の対象を広げた。
- After that, in 1904, the targets of monopolization were widened from storage and manufacture and sales to import and transport of leaf tobacco and products, in order to collect funding for the Russo-Japanese War.
- これは、かつての寄進地が茨城県北相馬郡近辺であったものから、千葉県南相馬郡側に広がり、推定では、東西7km、南北20kmに及ぶ広大な地域となっている。
- While the land donated in the past was around the Kitasoma-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture, the area was extended toward the Minamisoma-gun, Chiba Prefecture, which was presumed to be a broad region of 7 km in the east and the west and 20 km in the north and the south.
- 2008年2月19日、海上自衛隊のイージス艦あたご (護衛艦)が千葉県の野島崎沖で漁船と衝突(イージス艦衝突事故)、乗組員の親子2人が行方不明となった。
- On February 19, 2008, the Aegis (escort ship) Atago of Japan's Marine Defense Force collided with a fishing boat off the coast of Nojimazaki, Chiba Prefecture, where two crew members of the fishing boat, who were actually a father and son, went missing.
- 「寸法」という言葉もあるように「長さ」の意味でも用い、「寸劇」「寸志」「寸評」「寸断」「一寸(ちょっと)」など、短いこと、わずかなことの意味にも用いる。
- As the Japanese word 'sunpo' (length) shows, sun is used to express 'length;' and it also means short, small, or the like, which is seen in some Japanese words, such as 'sungeki' (a short play), 'sunshi' (literally, a small token of one's gratitude, which is used as a humble expression by a gift sender), 'sunpyo' (a brief comment), 'sundan' (cutting something into shreds), and 'chotto' (in Chinese characters, 一寸; for a while, or a little).
- さらに秀吉の軍は美濃に進駐、稲葉一鉄などから人質を収めるとともに、12月20日 (旧暦)(1583年1月13日)には岐阜城にあった織田信孝を降伏させた。
- Hideyoshi's force then occupied Mino Province and took hostages from Ittetsu INABA and others, finally forcing Nobutaka ODA in Gifu-jo Castle to surrender on January 13, 1583.
- なお、武士道を語るとき「君、君たらずとも、臣、臣たるべし」といった言葉がしばしば言われるが、これは江戸時代の武士道成熟期には見られなかった考え方である。
- When people speak of Bushido, they often quote the words 'If a lord is not enough as a lord, his vassals should be loyal', but this idea did not come to fruition until the Edo period, when the idea of Bushido matured.
- 万葉集には、「ささなみの 志賀の大曲 淀むとも 昔の人に またも逢はめやも」という柿本人麻呂が、滅亡後の近江大津宮へ訪れ、往事を偲んだ歌が残されている。
- In Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro left a poem in which he longed for the past when he visited the Palace after the fall of the capital: 'A cove in Shiga stagnates, yet, wish to see people in the past again.'
- また、士農工商などといわれる身分制度によって武士を支配階級に位置づけた(もっとも士農工商という言葉は当時の階級を正確に表してはいないと指摘されている)。
- Samurai (warriors) were positioned at the governing class in the hierarchy called 'Shinokosho' ('warriors, peasants, artisans and merchants') (Although it is pointed out that the term of 'Shinokosho' was not correctly representing the order of hereditary social status at that time.)
- 邦画において戦後から昭和40年代まで、任侠物といわれる現代劇や時代劇として描かれたものの中に、鉄火という言葉の造語などを使用した題名の映画が数多くあった。
- Among movies depicted as contemporary and period dramas called ninkyo mono (stories of chivalrous men) in the Japanese film industry from the post-war period until about 1965, there were many movies whose titles were coined by combining words with tekka.
- この時の様子を『陰徳太平記』では、'忍び有岡の城を出立づ。共に乾助三郎に重代相伝の葉茶壺を負はせ、阿古とて、常に膝下に召使ひし女を召具しけり'としている。
- 'Intoku Taiheki' (old chronicle) described the situation at that time as 'He departed Arioka-jo Castle secretly. He made his attendant, Sukesaburo INUI carry a chatsubo (jar for tea leaves) of inherited for generations on his back and he was accompanies by a girl, who was called Ako and served always around him.'
- 実際はより複雑であるが、こういった思想の類型では四大元素など、相互に影響しあって何らかの結果を招くという意味で、この関係性が「相性」という言葉で表された。
- The actual idea is much more complicated; nonetheless, the relationship, in which things, such as four elements, influence each other and this then leads to a consequence, was expressed with a term 'aisho.'
- その話を漏れ聞いた猪熊は、俄然興味を持ち、かねてから懇意の飛鳥井雅賢をはじめ、言葉巧みに他の公卿・女官をも誘い出し、様々な場所で乱交を重ねることとなった。
- Hearing a rumor of this affair, Inokuma was keenly interested and glibly tempted other court nobles and ladies including his close friend Masakata ASUKAI, and they repeated promiscuous sexual relations in various places.
- 九条兼実が日記『玉葉』に「第一之珍事也」と記しているように、平氏以外の武士が公卿(従三位)となるのは異例で、頼政が清盛に信頼されていたことの証明といえる。
- As recorded in 'Gyokuyo' (Jewelled Leaves), Kanezane KUJO's diary, 'This was the first unusual occurrence,' and indeed for a warrior not of the Taira clan to be promoted into the ranks of Kugyo (Jusanmi) was quite unusual during this period, and proves the extent to which Kiyomori trusted Yorimasa.
- 後白河と頼朝の橋渡しに奔走していた平頼盛はすでに逃亡しており(『百錬抄』『玉葉』10月20日条)、親鎌倉派の一条能保・持明院基家も相次いで鎌倉に亡命した。
- TAIRA no Yorimori, who had been scrambling to act as an intermediary between Goshirakawa and Yoritomo, had already escaped ('Hyakuren sho' and 'Gyokuyo,' entry of December 13), and pro-shogunate Yoshiyasu ICHIJO and Motoie JIMYOIN defected to Kamakura one after another.
- これは『万葉集』において「中皇命」なる人物を間人皇女とする説から来るもので、「中皇命」とは天智即位までの中継ぎの天皇であるという解釈出来るという主張である。
- In the Man'yoshu ('The Anthology of Myriad Leaves),' 'Nakatsusumera-mikoto' is considered to be Hashihito no Himemiko, and it is said that the one named 'Nakatsusumera-mikoto' was a temporary Emperor until the enthronement of Emperor Tenchi (Tenji).
- 明治時代になると、犬山の鵜飼を復興する運動が始まり、1899年(明治32年)に岐阜県稲葉郡長良村(現岐阜市、長良川鵜飼)より鵜匠を招き入れ、鵜飼は復活する。
- In the Meiji period, there was a movement to revive Inuyama ukai, and in 1899, it started again with ujo invited from Nagara Village, Inaba District, Gifu Prefecture (present-day Gifu City; ujo of Nagara-gawa ukai).
- 昭和62年(1987年)にも沖縄海邦国体を前に病臥した昭和天皇の名代として沖縄を訪れ、10月24日、南部戦跡の平和祈念堂で以下のように天皇の言葉を代読した。
- Visiting Okinawa Prefecture to attend the National Sports Festival of Japan as the proxy of the Emperor Showa who was sick in bed at that time, he read a message on behalf of the Emperor on October 24, 1987 at Okinawa Prefecture Peace Memorial Hall built at the southern battle site of Okinawa Prefecture as follows.
- 1949年の中華人民共和国成立後には、酒類と加工済みのタバコ製品及び関連するタバコの葉、フィルタートウ、タバコ用紙、タバコ製造機械などが専売品となっている。
- After the esablishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the objects of monopolizations included alcoholic liquor, processed tobacco products, affiliated tobacco leaves, filter tows, tobacco paper, and tobacco manufacturing machines.
- 寄進地系荘園は、延久の荘園整理令が発せられた11世紀後半から全国各地へ本格的に広まってゆき、平安時代末期にあたる12世紀中葉から後期にかけて最盛期を迎えた。
- The donated-type of shoen (manor) began to spread nationwide after the late eleventh century when Enkyu Manor Regulation Acts was promulgated and culminated from the middle of twelfth century, the late Heian period, to the late of twelfth century.
- しかし、義仲が受領(従五位下左馬頭・越後守)任官を果たした(『玉葉』八月十日条)のに対し、頼朝には本来の官位復帰すら与えられず、謀叛人の身分のままとされた。
- However, while Yoshinaka was appointed as Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) of Echigo no kami (Provincial Governor of Echigo) whose rank was Samanokami (the head of the section taking care of imperial horses) of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade)(according to the section of the 10th day of the 8th month in the 'Gyokuyo'), Yoritomo was not even allowed to regain an official court rank, and his social position as a rebel was retained.
- 奈良時代から日本語を表記するため漢字の音訓を借りた万葉仮名が使われていたが、この時代になって仮名 (文字)(ひらがな、カタカナ)が広く使われるようになった。
- From the Nara period, manyo gana, making use of Chinese manners of reading to read Japanese, had been used; from this period, however, kana (hiragana and katakana --- both Japanese syllabary characters) began to be used.
- こうした風習は民間にも広まり、年始に親類縁者や友人知人を招いて馳走することを「椀飯振舞」「節振舞」と呼び、これが転じて「大盤振舞」という言葉の語源となった。
- Such customs spread to the public and the act of inviting relatives and friends at the beginning of the year was called 'Oban burumai,' 'Sechi burumai,' and this is said to be the origin of 'Oban burumai (being generous).'
- すなわち演劇のように話のすべての部分について仕草が伴っているわけではなく、言葉だけでは表現しきれない部分に補足的な意味を持って仕草が付加されているのである。
- In other words, rakugo differs from theatrical performances that are accompanied by gestures in every part of the story, and gestures in rakugo are added to complement the words when it is difficult for them to convey the meaning of the story on their own.
- 「婦人公論」創刊、歌謡「ゴンドラの唄」大流行、国産蓄音機製造開始、葉山「日影茶屋事件」、日本初のアニメ「サルとカニの合戦」公開(日活)、「東京自動車学校」開校
- The first publication of 'Fujinkoron,' great hit of 'Gondora no uta' (Gondola song), the production of the gramophone starts in Japan, the release of the first animation 'Saru to kani no kassen' (The Quarrel of the Monkey and the Crab) (production by Nikkatsu), and the opening of the 'Tokyo Driving School'
- 「神国」という言葉の初出は『日本書紀』の神功皇后のいわゆる「三韓征伐」の際、新羅王が皇后の軍勢を見て「神国の兵である」として戦わずに降伏したという記事である。
- The first time the word 'Shinkoku' appeared was in the 'Chronicles of Japan,' it was said when Empress Jungu raised an army at 'Sankan Seibatsu' (The Conquest of the Three Korean Kingdoms), the king of Silla (Kingdom) proclaimed 'it was an army from Shinkoku' and surrendered without fighting.
- 徳川方に参加していた稲葉一鉄、更に横山城を攻めていた氏家卜全、安藤守就らが織田軍の増援として駆けつけ、浅井軍の無防備な側面を突くと浅井軍も右翼から崩れ始めた。
- Ittetsu INABA, who had belonged to Tokugawa side, and others such as Bokuzen UJIIE and Morinari ANDO, who had been attacking Yokoyama-jo Castle, rushed over there to reinforce Oda troops and attacked Azai's vulnerable side, which eventually made Azai troops start collapsing from its right side.
- 五世紀中葉に房総半島の一角に本拠をもつ小首長が畿内の倭王のもとに武人として奉仕し、その功績によって銀象嵌の銘文をもつ鉄剣を下賜されるという関係が成立していた。
- By the middle of the fifth century, there had been a system in which a minor chief who was based in a part of the Boso Peninsula served a king of Wa in the Kinai District as a warrior, and the chief was granted an inscribed iron sword inlaid with silver due to his achievements.
- 『日本書紀』垂仁紀には、野見宿禰(のみのすくね)が日葉酢媛命の陵墓へ殉死者を埋める代わりに土で作った人馬を立てることを提案したとあり、これを埴輪の起源とする。
- According to the book of Emperor Suinin in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), NOMI no Sukune suggested the Emperor to take clay and form the shapes of men and horses instead of burying dead people who followed their lord to the grave in an imperial mausoleum of Princess Hibasu, which was defined as the origin of the Haniwa.
- この新制の審議手続と法文配列が以後の先例とされたことが、約200年後の九条兼実の日記『玉葉』建久元年11月1日条に記された手続の様子から知ることが可能である。
- It is possible to learn that the procedure for discussion in connection with this shinsei and arrangement of provisions of the law were made a precedent for issuance of the subsequent shinsei, from the description of the procedure in an article dated November 1, 1190 of 'Gyokuyo,' the diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane about two hundred years later.
- 院政期文化(いんせいきぶんか)または平安末期文化(へいあんまっきぶんか)とは、平安時代末葉の11世紀後半から鎌倉幕府成立に至る12世紀末にかけての日本の文化。
- Insei period culture (culture during the period of the government by the Retired Emperor) or the culture of the end of the Heian period refers to Japanese culture from the end of Heian period, the latter half of the 11th century to the period when the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was founded, the end of the 12th century.
- これは日本国内では他に犬吠埼燈台(千葉県)、出雲日御碕燈台(島根県)、角島角島燈台(山口県)、室戸岬(高知県)、沖ノ島(福岡県)の各灯台でしか用いられていない。
- In Japan, this type of lens is adopted only by the Inubozaki lighthouse (Chiba Prefecture), Izumohinomisaki lighthouse (Shimane Prefecture), Tsunoshima lighthouse (Yamaguchi Prefecture), Muroto-misaki Cape (Kochi Prefecture), and Oki-no-shima Island (Fukuoka Prefecture) other than the Kyoga-misaki lighthouse.
- 「因果同士の悪縁が、殺すところも宇都谷峠、しがらむ蔦の細道で、血汐の紅葉血の涙、この引明けが命の終わり、許してくだされ文弥殿」の名科白で有名になった作品である。
- The play became well-known with the famous lines of, ' our evil karma led us to Utuyano-toge where I kill you, in the tangled ivy path, the maples of blood stain are bloody tears, your life will end in this morning, forgive me, Mr. Bunya'
- 輸入した鉄資源をもとに鍬・鋤などの農業用鉄製品が製造され、農業技術の革新・開墾の活発化などが起こり4世紀後葉から5世紀にかけて倭国の農業生産力は大きく向上した。
- The imported iron was used to make agricultural implements such as hoes and harrows, bringing about a revolution in agricultural technology and increasing land cultivation, which led to a rapid increase in Wakoku's agricultural production capabilities around the end of fourth to the fifth century.
- ただし、中国では、「黄沙」などの名称は主に研究者の間で用いられており、一般には日本語の「黄砂」に当たるような黄砂現象全体を表現する言葉がほとんど浸透していない。
- However, in China, the term of '黄沙' is mostly used among the researchers concerned, and the term indicating the kosa phenomena as a whole, for example, the one corresponding to 'kosa' in Japan, is hardly used.
- 天慶年間(930年代末 - 940年代後葉)の承平天慶の乱は、寛平・延喜東国の乱および承平南海賊での勲功行賞が十分に行われなかったために発生したと解されている。
- It is considered that the Johei and Tengyo War in the Tengyo era (from the end of the 930s to the latter half of the 940s) occurred because conferment for distinguished services in the Kanbyo Engi Togoku War and Joheinankaizoku was not sufficient.
- 天治元年(1124年)6月、千葉氏の祖である平常重(以下千葉常重)は叔父・相馬五郎平常晴の養子とされ、相馬郡 (下総国)を譲られて、10月には相馬郡司となった。
- In July 1124, TAIRA no Tsuneshige (hereinafter 'Tsuneshige CHIBA'), who was a founder of the Chiba clan, was adopted by his uncle Goro SOMA, TAIRA no Tsuneharu and given the Soma county, Shimosa Province, and in November 1124, he became Soma gunji (district managers of the Soma county).
- 庭の桐の葉が静かに散りゆくのを見ながら「我が名にちなむ庭前の、梧桐尽く揺落なし、蕭条たる天下の秋、ああ有情も洩れぬ栄枯盛衰、是非もなき定めじゃなあ。」と嘆息する。
- Seeing paulownia leaves slowly falling, he sighs and says, '我が名にちなむ庭前の、梧桐尽く揺落なし、蕭条たる天下の秋、ああ有情も洩れぬ栄枯盛衰、是非もなき定めじゃなあ。'
- ただ、万葉仮名の「共」を逆説の確定条件を示す接続助詞「ども」や「とも」として用いる例はないので、上のいずれの読み方であっても「ともに寝る」という解釈がされている。
- As '共' (Tomo) of Manyogana (early Japanese syllabary composed of Chinese characters used phonetically) has never been used as conjunctions of 'domo' and 'tomo' indicating fixed conditions of paradox, both of the above reading have been interpreted as 'sleep together.'
- 『万葉集』にある郷土礼讃の歌に散見され、『延喜式』の贄の貢進国の記述、平城京跡から出土した木簡の記述などから、若狭国・志摩国・淡路国などへの該当が推定されている。
- As it was seen many times in the poems of home admiration written in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), it seemed that Wakasa Province, Shima Province, and Awaji Province to be the appropriate Miketsukuni from the statement of the supply provinces making offerings in the 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) and the statement on mokkan (a narrow strip of wood on which an official message is written) that was discovered from the former site of Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara).
- 4月30日、西郷から豊後方面突出の命を受けた奇兵隊指揮長野村忍介は、椎葉山を越え、一部を富高新町(細島西方)の守備及び細島方面の警備に任じ、主力は延岡に進出した。
- On April 30, commanded by SAIGO to charge into the Bungo area, Commander Oshisuke NOMURA led Kiheitai to went over Mt. Shiiba and assigned part of the troop to the roles of defending Tomitaka-shinmachi (in the west of Hososhima) and guarding the Hososhima area, while advancing the main force to Nobeoka.
- しかし慶長12年(1607年)、美濃国清水藩の稲葉通重と共に京都の祇園に赴いたとき、茶屋の女房をはじめとする美女七十八名に乱暴狼藉を働いた経緯を家康に咎められた。
- Ieyasu, however, accused Nobunari TSUDA of the incident which, in 1607, he and Michishige INABA from the Shimizu Domain of Mino Province, visited Gion in Kyoto and committed an outrage, sexually abusing seventy-eight beautiful women including the female proprietor of the tea house.
- 「信義」という言葉が紙切れに近かった戦国時代において、20年間も同盟関係が維持されたのは(後半10年間が完全な従属同盟であったことを考慮しても)異例のことである。
- In the Sengoku period when the word 'being faithful' meant almost piece of paper, it was exceptional that this alliance was kept for 20 years (even if taking into consideration that later 10 years was an alliance not of equals but of fully subordinate-superior relationship).
- そのため、幕府の公式文書では「来貢使」という用語は一切使われていないにも関わらず、民間では琉球使節と同様に一方的な従属関係を示す「来貢」という言葉が広まっていた。
- Therefore, although the term of Raikoshi (indicating a messenger with an article of tribute from a foreign country) was not used in any official documents, the term of Raiko (coming to pay tribute), which indicated an outright master-slave relationship, came to be used widely among the general public, as for envoys from Ryukyu.
- 撰者未詳の図書寮本『類聚名義抄』(1100年頃)と、橘忠兼の『色葉字類抄』(2巻本1163年-1165年頃成立、3巻本1182年-1184年頃成立)がそれである。
- 'Ruiju Myogi sho' (Japanese-Chinese character dictionary from the late Heian Period), Zushoryo version whose compiler is unknown, (completed around 1000), 'Irohajirui sho' (one of Japanese dictionaries in the Heian period) (色葉字類抄) by TACHIBANA no Tadakane (the version constituted of two volumes; completed around 1163-1165), (the version constituted of three volumes; completed around 1182-1184) were newly created.
- そして千葉介常胤、上総介広常、三浦義澄、小山朝政などは、国衙の在庁官人でもあり、それを足がかりとして複数の郡、別符の郷、荘園にまたがる勢力を広げた開発領主である。
- Furthermore, Tsunetane of Chibanosuke (vice minister of Chiba Province), Hirotsune of Kazusa no suke (vice minister of Kazusa Province), Yoshizumi MIURA, and Tomomasa OYAMA were Zaichokanjin of kokuga in addition to being the kaihatsu-ryoshu of multiple districts, beppu villages, and manors.
- その特種な存在であった千葉氏や、鎌倉権五郎景正の一族ら、辺境軍事貴族の子孫達が絡む、例えば大庭御厨の事件にしても、武士同士の戦乱とはほど遠い小競り合いにすぎない。
- It was just a small fight, far from a quarrel, between samurai in the case of the Chiba clan of a special existence, the clan of Gongoro kagemasa KAMAKURA, descendants of frontier military aristocracy, and even in the incident of Oba no mikuriya (private estate of Oba ranch).
- 名は大雀命(おほさざきのみこと)(『古事記』)、大鷦鷯尊(おほさざきのみこと)大鷦鷯天皇(おほさざきのすめらみこと)・聖帝(『日本書紀』)・難波天皇(『万葉集』)。
- His names include Osasagi no mikoto ('Kojiki'), Osazaki no mikoto, Osazaki no Sumeramikoto, Holy Emperor ('Nihonshoki' [Chronicles of Japan]), and Emperor Nanba ('Manyoshu' [the oldest anthology of tanka]).
- 皇后の兄である狭穂彦の反乱事件の際、兄とともに死を迎えたが、その後天皇は新たに日葉酢姫を皇后に迎え、第一子に五十瓊敷入彦命、第二子に大足彦命(景行天皇)をもうける。
- After the Empress died together with her older brother Sahohiko in the rebellion provoked by himself, the Emperor took Hibasuhime as the second Empress, and the first son Inishikiiribiko no mikoto, and the second son Otarashihiko no mikoto (Emperor Keiko) were born.
- 3世紀中葉〜後葉になると、前方後円墳(岡山市都月坂1号墳、桜井市箸墓古墳、兵庫県たつの市御津町権現山51号憤)から最古の円筒埴輪である都月型円筒埴輪が出土している。
- From the middle to the late of the third century, the Totsuki-style cylindrical Haniwa, which are the oldest cylindrical Haniwa, were unearthed from large keyhole-shaped tomb mound (Totsukizaka Ichigo-kofun Tumulus in Okayama City, Hashihaka tomb in Sakurai City, and Mt.Gongen Gojuichigo-kofun Tumulus in Mitsu-cho, Tatsuno City, Hyogo Prefecture).
- 盛子は夫・藤原基実の死後、摂関家領の大部分を相続していて、九条兼実は「異姓の身で藤原氏の所領を押領したので春日大明神の神罰が下った」(『玉葉』)と日記に記している。
- Moriko inherited most of the estate of Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) after the death of her husband, FUJIWARA no Motozane, and Kanezane KUJO mentioned in his diary, 'Gyokuyo,' 'Since she forcefully took away the estate of Fujiwara clan despite being someone of an opposite gender, there was a divine punishment from Kasuga Daimyojin (the Shinto deity).'
- 元来、扇は夏季に使用されることが多いことから、暖かさを感じさせる風景に比較すれば井戸や水辺、雪など涼しさを感じさせる風景が多く、また桜や紅葉、松なども多く描かれる。
- As fans are mostly used in summer, there are more paintings which depict scenes associated with coolness, such as wells, waterside and snow, than those which depict scenes associated with warmness; cherry blossoms, maples and pine trees are also often depicted.
- 正倉院正倉院宝物の新羅琴・金薄輪草形鳳形(しらぎごと・きんぱくわのくさがたおおとりがた)には菱、松葉、草花文や曲線で表現した鳳凰文などの截金文様を見ることができる。
- On the Shiragi-goto (Shiragi-style koto) called Kinpaku wanokusagata otorigata (literally, grass and big bird patterns using thin gold rings) in the Shosoin Treasures, patterns with the kirikane techniques, such as lozenges, pine leaves, grass flowers and a phoenix drawn using curves, and so on, can be seen.
- 鎌倉時代は源頼朝と遠縁として、また父が頼朝の父 源義朝と浅からぬ縁があったこと、頼朝の御台所 北条政子の妹を正室としたこともあり、幕府の信望を得て門葉として遇された。
- During the Kamakura period, he was treated as Monyo (meaning a blood relation) having won the trust of the bakufu because he was a distant relative to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, his father had a close relationship with Yoritomo's father (Yoshitomo), and his legitimate wife was a sister of Masako HOJO, who was Yoritomo's wife.
- 言葉の成立当初は、具体的に36の峰を擁するという意味ではなく、なだらかに連なる東山の山々を洛中から見て、おおよそ三十六ほどは連なっていようかと例えられたものであろう。
- When the name was first invented, it apparently did not point to the specific 36 mountains, but just expressed an impression that there were a chain of gently sloping mountains in the east viewed from the Rakuchu (inside the capital Kyoto), which could be seen as roughly 36 of them.
- と囃子言葉を震えながら言って引っ込む形が普通であるが、二代目實川延若は、引っ込みの際、若い者が不振そうに義平次の沈んだ池を覗き込むのを、団七が「ちょうさや。ようさ。」
- It was usual for Danshichi to disappear tremblinglysaying hayashikotoba (appendix yelling words), but in staging Enjaku JITSUKAWA, the second was that the young man stares at the pond where Giheiji sank and Danshichi said 'Chosaya, yosa.'
- この鮪の漬けを鉄火といったが、昨今では鮪の赤身を鉄火と呼ぶようになり、伝統的な鉄火巻きや鉄火丼だけでなく、様々な鮪の赤身を用いた料理に、鉄火という言葉が使われている。
- Although tekka originally meant maguro no zuke (red flesh of tuna soaked in soy sauce), today, the word tekka has extended its meaning to red flesh of tuna itself, and it has been used not only for traditional dishes such as tekka maki (tuna sushi roll) and tekka don (a bowl of rice topped with tuna), but also to various dishes using red flesh of tuna.
- また、タイでは通常おにぎりに不適なインディカ米を主食としているが、もち米を主食とする東北部では球状にまとめた米飯を草の葉に包んで携行するという習慣が伝統的に見られる。
- In Thailand, indica rice usually unsuitable for onigiri is a staple food, while in the northeastern region where sticky rice is stale food, they have a custom to carry spherically-shaped cooked rice wrapping in grass leaves traditionally.
- 第7代藩主・稲葉正のぶは天明4年(1784年)に越後の所領を和泉国や近江国に移したが、これにより所領10万2000石は8カ国に分散することとなり、全くの逆効果を招いた。
- Masanobu INABA, the seventh lord of the domain, moved the territory of Echigo Province to Izumi Provnice and the Omi in 1784, and as the result, the territories of 102,000 koku were spread over eight Provinces, which brought about a contrary effect on its financial situation.
- 興良親王は『新葉和歌集』でその夭折が詠まれたが、尹良親王は南朝方として父の後を継いで各地を転戦、源氏姓を賜る(後醍醐源氏の祖)と共に征夷大将軍に任じられたと伝えられる。
- Imperial Prince Okiyoshi/Okinaga's premature death was written about in a poem in 'Shinyo Wakashu,' and it is said that Imperial Prince Tadayoshi/Tadanaga succeeded to his father's position in the Northern Court and moved from one battle field to another; after that; he was given the surname 'GENJI' (founder of the Minamoto clan, he was a descendent of the Emperor Godaigo) and appointed as Seii Taishogun.
- なお、『古事記』での皇后は、師木県主波延の娘 阿久斗比売、 『日本書紀』第1の一書での皇后は磯城県主葉江の娘である川津媛、第2の一書での皇后は大間宿禰の娘である糸井媛。
- On the other hand, in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), the Empress is Akutohime, the daughter of Shiki no agatanonushi Hae, while the frist addendum to the Nihonshoki mentions the Empress is Kawatsuhime, the daughter of Ishiki no agatanonushi Hae, and the second addendum describes her as Itoihime, the daughter of Oma no sukune.
- ただし、明治維新後に近代的な刑法典が確立する以前において、軽微な財産刑を「過料」と称していた(「科料」という言葉は存在していなかった)事例があるため、注意を必要とする。
- Before the modern penal code (criminal code) established after the Meiji Restoration; however, there were cases that a minor punishment by seizing assets was called a 'Karyo' (there was no word for petty fines [Karyo] in this period) so you need to pay attention to these mixed terms.
- 縦の辺が約25.5センチメートル、上弦幅約49.5センチメートル、下弦幅約19センチメートルの夏扇(蝙蝠扇)の料紙を粘葉装(でっちょうそう)の冊子に仕立てたものである。
- Each ryoshi is a natsu-ogi or Kawahori-ogi folding fan with a side edge of about 25.5cm, an upper arc of about 49.5cm and a lower arc of about 19cm, and the booklets are bound in a style known as deccho-so.
- 正教会(ギリシャ正教)の一員たる日本正教会は、日常用語においても各種著作物においても、「祭」(まつり)もしくは「お祭」(おまつり)との言葉を単独で使う事を全く避けない。
- The Japan Orthodox Church, one of the members of Orthodox Church (Greek Orthodox Church), never avoids singularly using the term 'matsuri' or 'omatsuri' in the everyday language and in various works.
- 御食国(みけつくに)は、日本古代から平安時代まで、贄(にえ)の貢進国、すなわち皇室・朝廷に海水産物を中心とした御食料(穀類以外の副食物)を貢いだと推定される国を指す言葉。
- Miketsukuni indicated the supply provinces making offerings, namely the province that was assumed to supply food (secondary diet component except for grain), mainly marine products, to the Imperial family and Imperial court, from ancient Japan to the Heian period.
- 万葉集では「香具山は畝火(うねび)ををしと耳梨(みみなし)と相あらそひき神代よりかくにあるらし古昔も然にあれこそうつせみも嬬をあらそふらしき」(天智天皇)と歌われている。
- In the Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), the Three Mountains of Yamato are sung 'kaguyama wa unebi o oshi to miminashi to aiarasohiki shindai yori kakuni arurashi konseki mo zen ni arekoso utsusemi mo ju wo arasourashiki' (Emperor Tenchi).
- この時代を象徴する言葉として有名なものに「散切り頭を叩いてみれば、文明開化の音がする」という言葉があり、散切物と呼ばれる歌舞伎芸能の新形態発生などといった現象がみられる。
- There was a well-known phrase describing the period, saying that 'Zangiri atama wo tataite mireba, Bunmei Kaika no otogasuru,' ('Knocking on the short-cut hair by removing a topknot, we can hear the sound of civilization') which became the origin of the movement to produce a new style in Kabuki theatrical play called 'Zangiri-mono.'
- 以下、千葉県13,112基、鳥取県13,094基、福岡県11,311基、京都府11,310基とつづき、全国合計では161,560基となる(平成13年3月末 文化庁調べ)。
- This is followed by Chiba Prefecture with 13,112, Tottori Prefecture with 13,094, Fukuoka Prefecture with 11,311, Kyoto Prefecture with 11,310 tumulses, and nationwide, there are a total of 161,560 kofun (according to a survey carried out by the Agency for Cultural Affairs at the end of March in 2001).
- これが論説の表題として、また社説の内容に、彼が「脱亜」の文字を使用した唯一のケースであって、それ以後、彼のおびただしい著書・論文の中で、この言葉は二度と用いられていない。
- This is the only case when he used the word 'Datsu-A' as a title of his thesis or contents of an editorial and after that, he never used the word again in his numerous books and thesis.
- 古今和歌集収録の歌として、ごく一般的な「君」の解釈を述べるならば、「君は広くもちいる言葉であって、天皇をさすとは限らない」ということであり、それ以上はなにも断定できない。
- According to the general interpretation of 'kimi' in poems compiled in Kokin-Wakashu, the word 'kimi is used in a broad sense and it does not necessarily mean the emperor,' and nothing can be said for sure about anything more than that.
- 生活の中では、襖や障子を閉め忘れたり乱暴に扱ったり、また技術職の徒弟で後片付けなどを怠ると「残心がない」や「残心が出来ていない」といって躾けとして用いられる言葉でもある。
- In everyday life, the term is used for teaching manners as in the expression 'there is no zan-shin' or 'zan-shin is not performed well', when one forgets to close or roughly handles fusuma (Japanese sliding door) or shoji (partitions that can divide the interior of a building into separate rooms), or when an apprentice of craftsmanship neglects cleanup.
- 近代化=西欧化そのものは明治時代に於いて一貫した課題であったが、文明開化という言葉は、一般に明治初期に、世相風俗がこれまでの封建社会から大きく変わった時期を指して使われる。
- While modernization = Westernization was the fundamental issue throughout Meiji period, the term Civilization and Enlightenment is generally applied to the conditions seen in early Meiji period, when the social conditions and customs of people dramatically changed from the former feudalistic society.
- 平安時代中葉の10世紀後期から11世紀以降、地方の開発領主らは法的根拠に欠けた自らの私有地(荘園)を、国衙の収公から逃れるため受領層(中央の有力貴族や有力寺社)に寄進した。
- Starting from the late 10th century or the 11th century, which was the middle of the Heian period, local kaihatsu ryoshu started to donate their private lands (shoen) that they illegally owned to the zuryo (provincial officers such as dominant nobilities, temples, and shrines in the capital) in order to escape from confiscation by the kokuga (provincial government offices).
- 一方の武家においては、武士の棟梁として台頭した河内源氏の流れを汲む源頼朝が源氏嫡流を称して、鎌倉幕府を開き、門葉という一族や有力御家人を中心とする武家政治の基礎を形成した。
- Among the samurai class, however, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, a descendant of the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) who rose as the leader of samurai, called himself chakuryu of the Minamoto clan, established the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and established the basis of samurai government mainly led by the monyo (clans basically connected by blood) of his clan members and prominent gokenin (shogun's vassals).
- 21日、義仲は松殿基房と連携して「世間の事松殿に申し合はせ、毎事沙汰を致すべし」(『玉葉』同日条)と命じ、22日、基房の子・松殿師家を内大臣・摂政とする傀儡政権を樹立した。
- On January 12, working with Motofusa MATSUDONO, Yoshinaka ordered a 'discussion on the issues of society with Matsudomo and take action' ('Gyokuyo,' entry of January 12, 1184), and on January 13, he established a puppet government under Moroie MATSUDONO, the son of Motofusa, as Naidaijin (minister of the center) and sessho (regent).
- 髪、眉、目、唇、髭に僅かに彩色を施し、衣の部分の素地上には全体に亘り立涌、麻の葉、斜格子、鱗、唐草、亀甲、四ツ目七宝、団花などの截金文様が施され華やかな風合いを放っている。
- Colors are used for the hair, eyebrows, eyes, lips and beards, and on the base of the whole robe, the tachiwaku, asa no ha, slanting lattice, uroko, karakusa, kikko, yotsume-shippo and danka patterns, and so on, in the kirikane technique provide a glamorous texture.
- 一方、東映現代劇からは1950年代半ばから1960年代前半にかけ江原真二郎、中原ひとみ、高倉健、佐久間良子、梅宮辰夫、三田佳子、JJサニー千葉、大原麗子らがデビューしている。
- From the middle of the 1950s to the beginning of the 1960s a string of famous actors and actresses of Toei modern drama, such as Shinjiro EHARA, Hitomi NAKAHARA, Ken TAKAKURA, Yoshiko SAKUMA, Tatsuo UMEMIYA, Yoshiko MITA, JJ Sonny CHIBA and Reiko OHARA, made their debut.
- この後幕府は、17世紀中葉までに、武家諸法度の発布や参勤交代の義務化、有力大名の改易などを通して、諸大名との主従制を確固たるものとし、朝廷統制を強め、幕府官僚機構を整備した。
- After this, the bakufu solidified the master-servant relationship with each daimyo by around the middle of 17th century, through enacting Buke shohatto (laws for the military households), making Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) obligatory, and conducting Kaieki operations (forfeiting the rank of samurai and properties) for powerful daimyo, strengthened control of the Imperial Court, and established its government officer system.
- 20日、義仲は君を怨み奉る事二ヶ条として、頼朝の上洛を促したこと、頼朝に寿永二年十月宣旨を下したことを挙げ、「生涯の遺恨」であると後白河に激烈な抗議をした(『玉葉』同日条)。
- On December 13, Yoshinaka cited Goshirakawa's having encouraged Yoritomo to go to the capital and having issued Juei-ninen Jugatsuno Senji as the two issues that made him harbor a grudge against him, making a bitter protest ('Gyokuyo,' entry of December 13).
- また、将軍家宗家が「征夷大将軍」と現すために三葉を表にした表葵御紋であるのに対して、水戸家の葵御紋は三葉が裏になった裏葵御紋が正紋であるために、正式には御三家ではない説がある。
- The family crest of the head family of the Tokugawa clan (the linage of the Shogun) was Omote Aoi-no-Gomon (the family crest using front sides of three leaves of Hollyhock), in which front sides of Hollyhock leaves were depicted to represent the shogun's title 'Seii Taishogun' (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), while that of the Mito family was Ura Aoi-no-Gomon (the family crest using undersides of three leaves of Hollyhook); therefore, there exists an opinion which holds that officially the Mito family was not recognized as Tokugawa Gosanke.
- 元々、徳川家康自身が岡崎市出身の一大名であったように、岡崎を初めとする西三河系の地名が、江戸には多く移植されている(例:秋葉原 三河の隣国、遠江国の秋葉山本宮秋葉神社に由来)。
- Many place names of Nishimikawa beginning with Ozaki, have been transposed to locations in Edo (For example, 'Akihabara' was a name for a country bordering Mikawa, which originaltes from the Akihayama Motomiyaakiha Shrine of the former country of Totoumi.), because Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was originally the daimyo of Mikawa Province (present-day Okazaki City of Aichi Prefecture in Western Japan.).
- 日本民族(にほんみんぞく)という言葉は、一つには日本の国籍や日本列島にルーツを持つ全ての文化的集団(エスニック・グループ)を統合した政治的共同体(ネーション)を表す概念である。
- The term 'Japanese race' expresses a notion of a political community (nation) which embodies all cultural groups (ethnic groups) that possess a Japanese nationality and/or roots in the Japanese archipelago.
- 例えば千葉県松戸市の戸定歴史館に展示されている徳川家関連の文書では「日本国皇帝」の国内向け使用例(1903年徳川家達への貴族院 (日本)議長の任命辞令等)を確認することができる。
- For example, in Tokugawa family-related documents exhibited in Tojo History Museum in Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture, usage examples of the title 'Nihonkoku Kotei' for domestic communication (e.g. the letter of appointment of Iesato TOKUGAWA to Chairman of the House of Peers in 1903) can be seen.
- 1904年(明治37年)2月、日露戦争の前夜、葉山の御用邸に皇后が滞在していた折であったが、37,8歳の武士が白衣で皇后の夢枕に立ち、戦いの際の海軍 (日本)守護を誓ったという。
- In Feburary 1904, on the eve of the Russo-Japanese War, when the Empress was staying in the Imperial palace in Hayama, she said that a samurai about 37 or 38 years old wearing a white frock came into her dreams and swore the protection of the Japanese Navy at war.
- 『継色紙』(つぎしきし)は、もと粘葉装の冊子本で、多くの場合2ページにわたり、『古今和歌集』・『万葉集』などの歌を、紫、藍、赭、緑などに染めた襖鳥の子物語に1首ずつ書写している。
- The 'Tsugi-shikishi' was originally a booklet bound in the decchoso style and containing poems from works such as the 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), with one poem written across two pages which are made of thick 'tori no ko' paper that is dyed various colors including purple, indigo, brown and green.
- 中でも、日野家、広橋家、烏丸家、柳原家、竹屋家、裏松家、甘露寺家、葉室家、勧修寺家(かじゅうじけ)、万里小路家(までのこうじけ)、清閑寺家、中御門家、坊城家は、十三名家と呼ばれる。
- Above all, the Hino family, the Hirohashi family, the Karasumaru family, the Yanagihara family, the Takeya family, the Uramatsu family, the Kanroji family, the Hamuro family, the Kajuji family, the Madenokoji family, the Seikanji family, the Nakanomikado family, the Bojo family were called thirteen important noble families.
- すなわち落語では、噺家は登場人物や話の流れに相応しい身なりや格好をモノ(衣装・小道具・大道具・書割・照明・効果音)で表現することはなく、主として言葉と仕草によって演出効果をねらう。
- In rakugo, storytellers convey the attire and appearance of the characters they portray not with various physical objects such as costume, props, the stage setting, kakiwari, stage lighting, and sound effects, but with words and gestures.
- 『万葉集』においては、「みやび」と訓読み歴史が振られ、「好き心」などの意味も有したが、平安時代には歌合などの行事に用いる故事や文芸作品に由来する作り物や衣装などの意味で用いられた。
- In the 'Manyoshu', it was given the Japanese reading 'Miyabi' and held the additional meaning of 'a curious mind'; in the Heian period, it meant historical events which were quoted in Utaawase (events where poems were written and read by two competing groups) or other events, objects or clothes from literature.
- それは「土木之壮麗、荘厳之華美、天下第一之仏閣也」(『明月記』嘉禄2年6月5日条)、「今度事、華麗過差、已超先例」(『玉葉』承安3年11月21日条)といわれるほど大規模なものだった。
- It was the Buddhist temple on a huge scale described as follows; 'the wooden building was magnificent, it had a solemn and beautiful atmosphere, it was the best Buddhist temple in the world.' 'Meigetsuki' (FUJIWARA no Teika's diary in Chinese writing style) (an article on June 5, Karoku 2), also mentioned; 'This Buddhist temple was too beautiful and solemn, there was no other temple like this throughout history.' 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of Kanezane KUJO) an article on November 21, Shoan 3.
- 後に、「御陵山」と呼ばれていた佐紀盾列古墳群主な古墳(現 日葉酢媛命陵)が神功皇后陵とみなされるようになり、神功皇后の神話での事績から安産祈願に霊験ありとして多くの人が参拝していた。
- Later, Sakitatenami Burial Mounds (present Hibasuhime no mikoto ryo (The mausoleum of Princess Hibasu)) which had been called 'Omihaka yama' was considered to be Mausoleum of Empress Jingu, and many people visited this place where served as wonder-working deity for a safe birth according achievements of Empress Jingu in myth.
- 3月24日、攻め寄せる義経軍水軍に対して、知盛率いる平氏軍が彦島を出撃して、午の刻(12時ごろ)(『玉葉』による、『吾妻鏡』では午前)に関門海峡壇ノ浦で両軍は衝突して合戦が始まった。
- On May 2, the Taira navy under the command of Tomomori sallied forth from Hikoshima in response to Yoshitsune's attacking navy, and at the hour of the horse (about noon - according to the 'Gyokuyo chronicle'; the 'Azuma kagami' claims it was during the morning) the two navies clashed at Dannoura in the Kanmon straits, and the battle was joined.
- 幕府の命令を天皇が勅許の形で追認するという形式が取られている(「大法」という言葉には幕府・朝廷両方から出された重要法令の意味もあるとされている)という点でも特異な法令であると言える。
- The law can be said to be unique due to the fact that it was ratified in the form of an imperial sanction by the Emperor that was ordered by the bakufu (The word 'taiho' is also said to imply the meaning, 'a significant law enacted by both the bakufu and the Imperial Court').
- これらの事からユガケは大切に扱う事が大事であるとされ、また(言語学的根拠に乏しいが)『カケ、変え』から転じて『掛け替えの無い…』という言葉の語源だと弓道家の間でしばしば言われている。
- For this reason, it is vital to treat the yugake with great care, and (without a linguistic ground) it is often said among kyudo-ka (those who do kyudo) that 'kake, kae' (set, hook or place and change) is the word originated 'kakegae no nai' (irreplaceable).
- 古典落語の演題の中には、現在では廃れてしまった風習、言葉を扱うものがあり、それらに関する予備知識がないと、話全体や落ちが充分に楽しめないことがあり、枕がこの目的にあてられることも多い。
- Some classical rakugo performances contain words and customs that are obsolete today, and the audience may not be able to enjoy the whole story or the punchline fully without previous knowledge, so the makura is often used to provide the audience with assistance in this regard.
- なお、後年の編纂物である『吾妻鏡』などには一連の北陸出兵が「義仲討伐の為」と記されているが、当時の記録には、『玉葉』寿永2年(1183年)5月16日条まで義仲の名前は記載されていない。
- The books compiled in later years, including 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), state that the serial dispatch of troops to Hokuriku was 'in order to seek out and kill Yoshinaka' but Yoshinaka's name was not recorded in the records made at the time, until the June 14, 1183 entry in 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane).
- 800メートルあたりからはブナ林帯に入り、伯母子岳山頂周辺では、ブナ、ミズナラ、クマシデ、ヤシャブシ、オオカメノキなどの落葉広葉樹があり、山頂部の樹木には風雪の影響による矮化が見られる。
- The area above about 800 meters belongs to the Japanese beech tree zone, and near the top of Mt. Obako-dake, there grow deciduous broadleaf trees including Japanese beech tree, mizunara (quercus mongoloca var. grosseseratta), Japanese hornbeam, yashabushi (alnus firma) and okamenoki (viburnum furcatum), and the trees on the top are stunted by wind and snow.
- 最初の前方後円墳は3世紀前葉~中葉に出現しているのでヤマト王権の成立をこの時期に求める説が有力だが、この時期はまだヤマト王権に先立つ王権の段階(プレ・ヤマト王権)だったとする見解もある。
- As the first keyhole-shaped mounds appeared between the beginning and middle of the third century, the most widely believed theory claims that the Yamato Kingdom was established around this time; however, there is also a theory that this was a different kingdom (the pre-Yamato Kingdom) and that the Yamato Kingdom emerged after this.
- 1948年、プロ野球団金星スターズを買収して「大映ユニオンズ」(高橋ユニオンズとの合併により大映ユニオンズにチーム名を変更した後千葉ロッテマリーンズと合併し大毎オリオンズとなる)を結成。
- In 1948, the professional baseball team Kinboshi Stars was purchased to create 'Daiei Unions,' which was so renamed following a merger with Takahashi Unions, later becoming Daimai Orions with the merger with Chiba Lotte Marines.
- また、『日本書紀』垂仁紀には、野見宿禰が日葉酢媛命の陵墓へ殉死者を埋める代わりに土で作った人馬を立てることを提案したという(埴輪の起源説話であるが考古学的には否定されている)記載がある。
- According to Suininki in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), NOMI no Sukune suggested to bury the people and horses made of earth instead of burying people who sacrifice their own lives to follow the Empress in the imperial mausoleum of Hibasuhime no mikoto (it is a narrative about the origin of haniwa [a clay figure]; however, it is not admitted archaeologically).
- 『無量義経』『仏説盂蘭盆経』『十王信仰』『十句観音経』など、原典がサンスクリット語などのインドの言葉ではなく、中国や朝鮮半島において漢文で成立したものが偽経(疑経)と呼ばれることもある。
- Further, original scriptures such 'Muryo gikyo' (Sutra of Immeasurable Meanings), 「仏説孟蘭盆経」, 'Juo-shinko' (Ten Kings (Ten Judges of Hell) belief), 'Jikku Kannongyo' that were not written in Indian languages such as Sanskrit and were established in Chinese characters in China and Korea are sometimes considered to be forged scriptures.
- また立花説では、5月4日付けの記事にある「将軍になるべき」との晴豊の言葉を朝廷公式の意向であったとし、「御らん」(森成利)を派遣した信長の意図を真意を隠しわざと当惑して見せたものとする。
- Tachibana's interpretation also claims that Haretoyo's words 'should be the Shogun' in an article on May 4 (old calendar) were the official intention of the Imperial Court, and Nobunaga intentionally expressed his false embarrassment concealing his true meaning by having 'Oran' (Naritoshi MORI) meet the envoy.
- また、この区間で男女カップルが接吻をすること「鴨チュー」(かもちゅー=鴨川でチュー、の意)と呼ばれる事がある(両方とも若者が好んで使う言葉とも言われ、年配者などには通じないとも言われる)。
- Additionally, couples' kissing on this riverside is sometimes called 'kamo chu,' an abbreviation of 'kissing (chu) at the Kamogawa River (kamo)'; yet, these two words are said to be those that young people like to use but older people do not understand.
- 王に対しては「王太后(英語Queen Dowager)」という言葉が相当するが、独立国の元首をすべて皇帝と称してきたかつての儀典上の慣例から日本語としては熟しておらず、皇太后が準用される。
- For an O (king), there applies a word 'Otaigo (in English, Queen Dowager)' but from an old custom of protocol to refer to all heads of the state as Emperors, this word has not ripened as a Japanese and Kotaigo is applied.
- 花の下連歌には、飛び込みの参加も可能で、連衆のなかに、高貴な身の人、例えば源実朝の側近で、和歌の名手あった素暹法師(東入道、俗名千葉胤行)やさらには太上天皇がお忍びでまぎれることもあった。
- Hananomoto-renga permitted unannounced participation, and among renju (participants of renga), high noble people, such as Sosen hoshi (Tonyudo, his common name was Taneyuki CHIBA), who was a close associate of MINAMOTO no Sanetomo and was talented at waka, and even Emperor Daijo (Dajo) joined secretly.
- 頼朝はこの和平案を後白河の日和見的態度と見て、中原康定に「天下は君の乱さしめ給ふ(天下の混乱は法皇の責任だ)」と脅しをかけ(『玉葉』10月24日条)、義仲の完全な排除を求めて譲らなかった。
- As Yoritomo found the peace plan to be an opportunistic attitude of Goshirakawa, he made a threatening remark to NAKAHARA no Yasusada, 'The Cloistered Emperor is to blame for the disarray in the country' ('Gyokuyo,' entry of November 17) and was adamant about the total expulsion of Yoshinaka.
- 今日においては「朝廷」という言葉が幕府に対応する言葉としてよく使われるが、これは天皇・貴族(公家政権)と武家(武家政権)を対立した存在として捉えるようになった近世以後の考えからの影響が強い。
- Today, 'Chotei' is often used as the word comparable to a bakuhu; this is strongly influenced by the thoughts after the modern times in which the Emperor/aristocrat (the Government of kuge, or the court nobles) and buke (military government) oppose one another.
- その一方で頼朝は、源義広 (志田三郎先生)が上洛したこと、義仲が平氏追討をせず国政を混乱させていることを理由に、義仲に勧賞を与えたことを「太だ謂はれなし」と抗議した(『玉葉』10月9日条)。
- On the other hand, Yoritomo protested Yoshinaka's having been given praise and encouragement as 'totally irrational,' giving reasons that MINAMOTO no Yoshihiro (SHIDA Saburo Senjo) had gone to the capital and that Yoshinaka had disrupted the national administration, instead of searching for and killing the Taira clan ('Gyokuyo,' entry of November 2).
- 現在、祇園甲部芸妓組合の会長に就任しているのは芸妓で井上流名取である小富美で、ほかにまめ晃、斗美千代、豆爾、まめ鶴、小萬、小鈴、豆弘、豆花、山口小喜美、照古満、寿々葉など代表的な芸妓らがいる。
- The current chairperson of the Gion Kobu Geisha Association is Kofumi, who received a name from the Inoue School of Dance; other known geisha include Mameko, Tomichiyo, Mameni, Mametsuru, Koman, Kosuzu, Mamehiro, Mamehana, Mameka, Kokimi YAMAGUCHI, Terukoma and Suzuha.
- なお『古事記』での皇后は、師木県主の祖である賦登麻和訶比売(飯日比売)、『日本書紀』第1の一書では磯城県主葉江の男弟猪手の娘である泉媛、第2の一書では磯城県主太眞稚彦の娘である飯日媛 である。
- However, the Empress that appears in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) is Futomawakahime (飯日比売Iihihime), who was an ancestor of Shiki no agatanonushi, while the frist addendum to the Nihonshoki mentions the Empress is Izumihime, a daughter of Inode (猪手), who was a younger brother of Shiki no agatanonushi Hae, and the second addendum describes the Empress as Iihihime, who was a daughter of Shiki no agatanushi Futomawakahiko.
- 12世紀の中葉に起こった相模国の大庭御厨の濫妨と、下総国の相馬御厨の事件は、当時における在庁官人=在地領主の変貌と、国司・目代との対立の激しさ、在地領主層の地位の脆弱さと限界を如実に示してる。
- An incident that occurred during the mid-twelfth century involving a disturbance at the Obamikuriya estate of Sagami Province and Soma-mikuriya (private estate of Soma ranch) of Shimousa Province realistically depicted the transfiguration of the Zaichokanjin being the local lord at that time, harsh conflicts between governors and mokudai (deputy provincial governor), and the fragility of the lord of the manor class.
- 和泉式部の歌「丹波なる 吹風(ふくち)の山の もみじ葉は 散らぬ先より 散るかとぞおもう」から取り、これに明智の「智」の字を当てたという説や、或いは富士山由来の名(別名)によるとの説も存在する。
- But, some people believe that the place name comes from a poem by Izumi Shikibu saying 'maple leaves in the mountain in Tanba may fall earlier than my expectation due to wind blowing (fukuchi in Japanese) to the mountain,' and 'Chi' (智 in kanji) of Akechi (明智 in kanji) was used, or from a the name of Mt. Fuji (another name of Mt. Fuji).
- 斉明天皇の崩御後も即位を先延ばしにしたが、この間は日本書紀や万葉集によると「中皇命(なかつすめらみこと)」と呼ばれた人物がいたらしく、これは間人皇女(孝徳天皇の皇后)のこととする説が有力である。
- Even after Emperor Saimei died, Prince Naka no Oe did not succeed to the throne, according to 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) or 'The Anthology of Myriad [Ten Thousand] Leaves,' it is said there was a person called 'Nakatsusumera-mikoto' during this period, there was a strong theory that she was said to be Princess Hashihito (Emperor Kotoku's Empress).
- 例えば、草の根の人権憲法として名高い千葉卓三郎らの憲法草案(いわゆる五日市憲法)でも、天皇による立法行政司法の総轄や軍の統帥権、天皇の神聖不可侵を定めている点などは、大日本帝国憲法と同様である。
- For example, a constitution draft which was renownedas a grass-roots constitution written by Takusaburo CHIBA and others (so-called Itsukaichi constitution) shared the same points with the Constitution of the Empire of Japan as defining that the emperor should have the executive powers, legislature, and judiciary, and supreme command of the armies, and this was sacred and inviolable.
- 名詞をまず漢語で類聚し、意味により分類して項目立て、万葉仮名で日本語に対応する名詞の読み(和名・倭名)をつけた上で、漢籍(字書・韻書・博物書)を出典として多数引用しながら説明を加える体裁をとる。
- It was made in the following style: First, nouns were collected in Chinese, were grouped based on their meanings, an item name was given to each group of nouns, a Japanese pronunciation (called 'wamyo,' literally a Japanese name) of each of these nouns was given using Manyo-gana (a form of syllabary used in the Manyo-shu [Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves]), and to each noun, explanations were given by citing its Chinese document sources (dictionaries, Chinese dictionaries arranged by the final sound of each word, and encyclopedia).
- いまご逝去の報に接し、天下はみな悲しんでいるが、朝夕法皇の徳に慣れ、法皇の恩によって名利を得た輩はなおさらである」形式的な悲しみの言葉を使いながらも、仏教帰依を非難し、近臣の悲しみを嘲笑している。
- The whole nation is in sorrow after hearing about the Emperor's death, especially people who were with the Emperor and were looked after in many ways from morning to night, and who endeavored to achieve a higher position with the Emperor's support,' although the formal words or morning were being used, he criticized the Emperor for becoming a believer in Buddhism and made fun of the sorrow his close aides expressed.
- ビッグひな祭り(ビッグひなまつり)は、徳島県勝浦町(旧阿波国)、千葉県勝浦市(旧上総国)及び長野県須坂市(旧信濃国)において、毎年2月から3月(須坂では3月から4月)に開催されている雛祭りである。
- Big Hinamatsuri is a Hinamatsuri (Doll's Festival) held in Katsuura-cho, Tokushima Prefecture (former Awa Province), Katsuura City, Chiba Prefecture (former Kazusa Province), and Suzaka City, Nagano Prefecture (former Shinano Province) during February and March (during March and April in Suzaka City) every year.
- 稲葉氏は、10万2000石という大領ではあったが、その所領は山城のほかに摂津国・河内国・近江国・下総・越後などに分散しているという不安定さで、山城にあった所領は2万石にも満たなかったと言われている。
- The Inaba clan had large territories with a yield of 102,000 koku, but they were spread not only throughout Yamashiro Province but also the Settsu Province, the Kawachi, the Omi, the Shimousa, and the Echigo, with the one Yamashiro Province said to be worth less than 20,000 koku.
- 同32年に皇后の日葉酢媛命(ひばすひめのみこと)が薨去した際、天皇は野見宿禰の進言に従って人・馬などの土物(はにもの)を墓に立てて代替とすることを命じ、以後これが慣例になったという(埴輪の起源譚)。
- When his empress Hibasuhime no mikoto passed away in 3 A.D., by the advise of Nomi no Sukune, the Emperor ordered Haniwa (a clay figure artifact) of people, horses, and so on to be placed in the grave as the substitute for junshi, and since then, it this became the usual practice (the origin of Haniwa).
- 慶応4年(1868年)4月11日に行われた江戸城無血開城に従わぬ旧幕臣の一部が千葉県方面に逃亡、船橋大神宮に陣をはり、4月3日 (旧暦)(5月24日)に市川市・鎌ヶ谷市・船橋市周辺で両軍は衝突した。
- Some retainers of the former Shogunate, who were opposed to the bloodless surrender of Edo Castle on May 3, 1868, fled towards Chiba Prefecture and set up a camp in Funabashi Daijingu, and on May 24, they clashed with the new government's forces around the area of Ichikawa City, Kamagaya City, and Funabashi City.
- なお、明治期に日本に入ってきたcartoonとcomicの訳語として「漫画」という言葉を使用したのは、北澤楽天が最初であり、以後この意味での「漫画」が現代における漫画という語へ定着するようになった。
- Rakuten KITAZAWA was the first person who used the word 'manga' as a translation of cartoon and comic that are imported into Japan during the Meiji period and this meaning of 'manga' became established as manga in the modern period.
- また、「武者は犬ともいへ、畜生ともいへ、勝つことが本にて候」という朝倉宗滴の言葉に象徴されるように、卑怯の謗りを受けてでも戦いに勝つことこそが肝要であるという冷厳な哲学をも内包しているのが特徴である。
- As symbolized by the words of Soteki ASAKURA 'winning is everything for a warrior, even though he may be called a dog or beast', it involves a harsh philosophy where winning a battle is important, even if one might be criticized for being a coward.
- 埴輪の起源は、弥生時代後期後葉の吉備地方の首長のお墓であると考えられている弥生墳丘墓(例えば、楯築遺跡)から出土する特殊器台・特殊壺(特殊器台型土器・特殊壺型土器とも呼称される)であるといわれている。
- The origin of the Haniwa is thought to be Tokushu-Kidai (ceremonial vessel stand) and Tokushu Tsubo (ceremonial jar) (they are also called Tokushu-Kidaigata Doki and Tokushu Tsubo Gata Doki respectively) unearthed from Yayoi grave mound (Tatetsuki Tumulus for example), which was likely to be the grave of a chief of Kibi region in the latter part of the late Yayoi Period.
- 合戦が行われた時間については『吾妻鏡』は午の刻(12時ごろ)に終わった記しており、一方、関白九条兼実の日記である『玉葉』には午の刻(12時ごろ)に始まり、申の刻(16時ごろ)に終わったと記されている。
- Regarding the time the battle is thought to have taken place, the 'Azuma kagami' has it as ending by the hour of the Horse (around noon), while the 'Gyokuyo,' the diary of the Kampaku (Chief Advisor) Kanemitsu KUJO, records it as beginning at noon and ending by the hour of the Monkey (around 4 PM).
- 父(天武天皇)の元に身を寄せたと思われる(『万葉集』から高市の正妃となったとする説もある)が、敗北した近江側の実質的な皇后として、また天皇の皇女として依然として大変複雑な辛い立場にあったことは疑いない。
- While she is thought to have put herself under the protection of her father (Emperor Tenmu) (Some say in 'Manyoshu' [the oldest anthology of tanka] she became the lawful wife of Takechi), there is no doubt that she remained in a very complicated and awkward situation as the empress in substance of defeated Omi side or as an Imperial princess of the Emperor.
- この門葉の顔ぶれを見る限り、門葉たる地位を付与されるためには、血筋上の嫡流庶流や頼朝の血筋との近接性はあまり問題ではなく、あくまで忠勤の目覚ましい清和源氏であることがその要件であったということができる。
- Given the manner in which the members of these monyo were selected, in order to be given the status of monyo, what mattered wasn't the main line or branch of the family blood nor how close one was to Yoritomo's blood but was instead being the faithful Seiwa-Genji, which was the only requirement.
- その後、この年の10月1日に詔を発し、皇族や諸臣らに対して聖武天皇の言葉を引用して、妄りに皇位を求めてはならない事、次期皇位継承者は聖武天皇の意向によって自ら(称徳天皇)自身が決める事を改めて表明する。
- Afterwards, on November 7 of the same year Empress Shotoku issued an imperial rescript and expressed her intention to the Imperial family members and court retainers by quoting Emperor Shomu's words that they were forbidden to seek the Imperial Throne for no reason, and as for the next heir to the Imperial Throne, the Empress Shotoku herself would decide taking the will of Emperor Shomu into consideration.
- 「吾妹子(わぎもこ)が見し鞆の浦のむろの木は常世にあれど見し人ぞなき(大伴旅人)」や「鞆の浦の礒のむろの木見むごとに相見し妹は忘らえめやも (大伴旅人)」等、万葉集には鞆の浦を詠んだ歌が八首残されている。
- Eight poems about Tomonoura can be found in the Manyoshu, including: 'My beloved wife saw this needle juniper at Tomonoura as we travelled down from Kyoto together./ Now that I am on the way back, the tree still remains alive though she departed this world.' (by Tabito OTOMO) and 'Whenever I see that juniper on the rocky beach of Tomonoura,/ I will remember my wife who used to see the tree with me./ How can I forget her?' (by Tabito OTOMO).
- これらの歌は元禄以前のものであるが、元禄年間には、『松の葉』の唐人歌「かんふらんはるたいてんよながさきさくらんじやばちりこていみんよでんれきえきいきははんはうろうふすをれえんらんす」が有名であるとされる。
- The above songs were those of pre-Genroku era; a tojinuta, 'かんふらんはるたいてんよながさきさくらんじやばちりこていみんよでんれきえきいきははんはうろうふすをれえんらんす,' compiled in 'Matsu no ha' (a collection of kouta published in 1703) is famous as the one created in Genroku era.
- 1世紀中葉になると北部九州(博多湾沿岸)にあったとされる倭奴国が後漢へ朝貢している(『後漢書』)が、これは北部九州における倭人の政治集団の統合が進み、その代表として倭奴国が後漢へ遣使したと考えられている。
- In the middle of the first century, 倭奴国, which is thought to have been located in northern Kyushu (the coast of Hakata Bay), paid tribute to the Later Han Dynasty ('Gokanjo' (Historical records of the Later Han Dynasty)), which is thought to indicate that Wajin political groups in Northern Kyushu were consolidated and 倭奴国 sent an envoy to the Later Han Dynasty as the representative.
- この後双方とも周囲の勢力を自らの協力体制に持ち込もうと盛んに調略を行うが、北陸の柴田氏の後方にある上杉景勝や信孝の地盤である美濃国の有力部将・稲葉一鉄が羽柴秀吉になびくなど、やや秀吉に有利な状況にあった。
- While both sides then actively devised various stratagems in order to win over the surrounding powers, the situation became slightly advantageous to Hideyoshi HASHIBA, due to his gaining allies in Kagekatsu UESUGI, the man behind the Shibata clan in Hokuriku (the northern region), and Ittetsu INABA, a powerful commanding officer in Mino Province, the stronghold of Nobutaka.
- しかし4世紀後葉になると、東北(仙台平野・会津地方など)から南九州(日向・大隅など)まで前方後円墳の分布が急速に拡大しており、ヤマト王権の支配権がそれらの地域へ伸展していったことの表れだとする見方がある。
- However, during the latter half of the fourth century, keyhole-shaped mounds spread rapidly from Tohoku (Sendai plain and Aizu Region) to southern Kyushu, which is seen as evidence of the Yamato Kingdom extending its hegemony in other areas.
- 頼朝は、海路で安房国へ移動して相模三浦半島の豪族である三浦氏と合流した後、安房の在庁官人をはじめ房総半島の上総広常、千葉常胤、武蔵の足立遠元、畠山重忠らの諸豪族を傘下に加えながら急速に大勢力となっていく。
- Yoritomo took a sea route to Awa Province to join up with the powerful family within the Sagami Miura peninsula, the Miura clan, and gathered various families such as the local officials of Awa Province, Hirotsune KAZUSA and Tsunetane CHIBA of the Boso peninsula, Tomoto ADACHI and Shigetada HATAKEYAMA of Musashi, rapidly becoming a major force.
- 漢方薬では、主に赤紫蘇の葉を「蘇葉」(そよう)または「紫蘇葉」(しそよう)といい、理気薬(気が停滞している状態を改善する薬物、精神を安定させる目的もある)として神秘湯、半夏厚朴湯、香蘇散などに配合される。
- In herbal medicine, aka-jiso leaf is generally called 'soyo' or 'shisoyo' and is mixed in herbal medicines such as shen-bi-tang, ban-xia-hou-pu-tang, xiang-su-san and so on for the purpose of moving stagnated qi or stabilizing psychological state.
- 外来語である「アニメーション」(アニメ)という言葉が1970年代後半に一般化する前には、アニメ作品、テレビアニメ、アニメ映画及び児童向けのドラマ(特撮作品を含む)も「漫画」「まんが」「マンガ」と呼んでいた。
- Before the word 'animation' (anime) became popular in the late 1970, people called all of animated works, TV cartoons, animated films and dramas for children (including special effects works) 'manga (漫画, まんが or マンガ).'
- それは、安元3年(1177年)の鹿ケ谷の陰謀で成親が逮捕された時、大衆が清盛に「敵を討っていただいたことは喜ばしい」とわざわざ使者を送って礼を述べていることからも明らかといえる(『玉葉』安元3年6月3日条)。
- That was obvious as the daishu bothered to send an envoy to show gratitude, 'It is gratifying that the enemy was caught' when Narichika was arrested at the Shishigatani plot in 1177 ('Gyokuyo' article of June 3, 1177).
- 相馬御厨も大庭御厨も、本所の伊勢神宮は必ずしも下司となった寄進主(開発領主)を保護出来きれなかった、自分の取り分が確保され、更には増えるのなら、下司職が、源義朝でも、千葉常胤でも構わなかったということである。
- That indicates that honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor) Ise-jingu Shrine could not always protect donators, or kaihatsu-ryoshu, who became their local official, and rather, it did not matter to them whether the position of the local official was held by MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo or Tsunetane CHIBA, as long as their share was guaranteed and, even more, increased.
- 鉄火松 - 横浜市青葉区 (横浜市)鉄町や茨城県つくば市谷和原村にあり、それぞれ国や町の地境を巡って紛争が起こり、火起請で収めたと伝承されていて、それを祈念し松が植えられ「鉄火松」や「鉄火の松」と言われている。
- Tekka Matsu (Tekka pine trees) - exist in Aoba Ward, Yokohama City, Tetsu Town (Yokohama City), and Yawara Village, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, as legend goes that they were planted to commemorate the settlement of conflicts over province or town borders by higisho, and since then, they have been called 'Tekka matsu' or 'Tekka no matsu.'
- ただし、これは九条兼実が清原頼業から聞いた話として、『玉葉』寿永3年(1184年)3月16日条に書きとめたもので、信西が本当にそう言ったか定かでなく、兼実は後白河嫌いで通っているのでそのまま鵜呑みにはできない。
- However this was a story that Kanezane KUJO heard from KIYOHARA no Yorinari and wrote down in March 16, 1184 section of 'Gyokuyo' there is no proof whether Shinzei in fact mentioned this or not, the story can not be trusted, since Kanezane disliked Goshirakawa.
- しかしながら、女系天皇とはその天皇自身の性別に関わらず母方から皇室の血統を受け継ぐという血筋についての言葉である(したがって女系の男性天皇・女系の女性天皇の両方があり得る)ため、両者は本質的に異なる概念である。
- However female Emperor means the Imperial members who succeed the Imperial blood line from these maternal relatives, and this does not concern whether the Emperor herself/himself is male or female, (Thus, there are both male and female emperors existing in the female lineage) so female Emperor and Emperor of the female lineage are basically two different words with different concepts.
- また、野口実編『千葉氏の研究』に収録されている論文「古代末期の東国における開発領主の位置」において、黒田紘一郎は、源義朝はその段階では棟梁などではなく、同じレベルで領地を奪おうとした形跡があると論じられている。
- In the article 'Kodaimakki no togoku ni okeru kaihatsuryoshu no ichi' (the Position of kaihatsu-ryoshu [local notables who actually developed the land] in Togoku [the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region] in the late ancient times) included in 'Chibashi no kenkyu' (the Study of the Chiba clan) edited by Minoru NOGUCHI, Koichiro KURODA discusses that MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo was not toryo (head of the clan) at that stage, and that there is evidence that he attempted to capture the territory as a person of the same level.
- 一具のうち、今日では四天王寺(大阪市)に「法華経」巻一、六、七および開結経2帖の計5帖が伝存するほか、東京国立博物館が「法華経」巻八の完本1帖を所蔵、他に断簡5葉が各所に分蔵され、合計59面、表紙絵5面を数える。
- Today, of the series, the first, sixth and seventh volume of 'Hokekyo' and the two Kaiketsu-kyo books are kept at Shitenno-ji Temple in Osaka, the complete version of 'Hokekyo' volume 8 is kept at the Tokyo National Museum, and five fragments are kept separately at various facilities, meaning a total of 59 faces and five cover paintings remain in existence.
- 日系アメリカ人は初めてアメリカにわたった第一世代のことを一世、その子供たちの世代を二世、三世、四世と呼んでいるが、イッセイ (Issei) やニセイ (Nisei) といった言葉は英語でも通用する言葉になっている。
- Japanese Americans call the first generation who immigrated to the U.S. 'Issei,' their children 'Nisei,' 'Sansei,' and 'Yonsei,' but such words as 'Issei' and 'Nisei' can be used and understood in English.
- 明治39年(1906年)までは石川県大聖寺町の前田家に16首半の零本(完全でない本)が伝えられ、現在確認される『継色紙』の和歌は、1首が出典未詳のほかは、『古今和歌集』所収歌が27首、『万葉集』所収歌が6首である。
- The incomplete book of sixteen waka poems and a half were transmitted to the Maeda family in Daishoji-cho, Ishikawa Prefecture until 1906, but now one from unknown source, twenty-seven included in 'Kokin Wakashu,' and six in 'Manyoshu' are the confirmed waka poetry of 'tsugi-shikishi.'
- 同時代の文学作品である『源氏物語』においても、大宮 (源氏物語)(左大臣正室、葵の上の母)、女三宮(光源氏正室)、落葉の宮(柏木 (源氏物語)正室、のち夕霧 (源氏物語)と再婚)、女二宮(薫正室)などの例が見られる。
- In 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji), a literary work of this period, we can find many cases of koka such as Omiya (the lawful wife of the Sadaijin [Minister of the left] and the mother of Aoi no ue [Lady Aoi]), Onna Sannomiya (the lawful wife of Hikaru Genji), Ochiba no miya (the lawful wife of Kashiwagi, who later remarried to Yugiri), and Onna Ninomiya (the lawful wife of Kaoru) and so on.
- 幕府とは、そもそも将軍の陣所を指す概念であり、源頼朝が右近衛大将に任官したことで、その居館 大倉御所を幕府と称されたことがあるが、それは私邸を指す言葉であり頼朝の開いた武家政権としての鎌倉幕府を指す概念ではなかった。
- Bakufu was originally a concept which referred to a shogun's camp and when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was appointed to Ukone no daisho, his house, the Okura palace, was called bakufu, but it was not a word for Kamakura bakufu as a samurai government established by Yoritomo, but a word for the private house.
- 租税としての「所当」も本来は適切に賦課された官物・雑役・地子などの租税のことを指していたが、12世紀初頭頃より、単に「所当」をもって(公事や臨時雑役などの臨時の賦課に対する)正規の賦課を意味する言葉となったのである。
- Shoto,' which meant tax, originally indicated taxes properly levied such as kanmotsu (produce tax), zoyaku (miscellaneous labor services), and jishi (land tax); but from the beginning of the 12th century, 'shoto' solely meant a regular levy (in contrast to such extraordinary levies as kuji and extraordinary odd-jobs).
- 籠もよ み籠持ち ふくしもよ みぶくし持ち この岳に 菜摘ます児 家聞かん 名告らさね そらみつ 大和の国は おしなべて われこそ居れ しきなべて われこそ座せ 我こそは 告らめ 家をも名をも -『万葉集』巻第一より-
- Komoyo mikomochi fukushimoyo mibukushimochi konookani natsumasuko iekikan nanorasane soramitsu Yamatonokuni wa oshinabete warekoso ore shikinabete warekoso mase warekoso wa norame iewomo nawomo ('Manyoshu,' Volume One)
- 本来、公家という言葉が「おおやけ」すなわち朝廷及び天皇を指していたが、領主制による私的支配に由来する新たな公権力である武家政権成立後に武家である幕府及び征夷大将軍と区別するために公儀という言葉も用いられるようになった。
- Originally, the word 'Kuge' meant 'Oyake' or the Imperial Court and the Emperor, but after the establishment of the 'Buke', or military administration and the new official authority that arose through private management in the manorial system, the word 'Kogi' was used to differentiate from the 'Buke', the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians').
- すると持氏の叔父にあたる足利満隆、満隆の養子で持氏の弟である足利持仲らと接近し、氏憲の婿にあたる岩松満純、長尾氏春、千葉氏、宇都宮氏、小田氏、相模三浦氏、武田氏や地方の国人衆なども加えて1416年に持氏に対して反乱する。
- Ujinori then approached Mitsutaka ASHIKAGA (Mochiuji's uncle) and Mochinaka ASHIKAGA (adopted child of Mitsutaka and younger brother of Mochiuji), also gained Mitsuzumi IWAMATSU (Ujinori's son in-law), Ujiharu NAGAO, the Chiba clan, the Utsunomiya clan, the Oda clan, the Sagami Miura clan, the Takeda clan and Kokujin-shu (local samurai) over to his side and revolted against Mochiuji in 1416.
- 所務とは、元来、務めるところという字義どおり仕事・職務を意味する言葉だったが、平安時代の荘園公領制の展開に伴い、荘園や公領の管理職務に付随する権利・義務を表すようになり、鎌倉時代頃には転じて所領等の不動産管理を意味した。
- Originally, the word 'shomu' meant jobs and duties, as suggested by the characters which mean 'work that is related to the place'; however, with the development of shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates) during the Heian period, the word came to express the concept for the rights and obligations pertaining to the managerial work in shoen (manors) and koryo (the imperial teritories), and further during the Kamakura period, the word was extended to mean the property management of domains such as shoryo.
- 逍遥は、1915(大正6)年に、活歴物への不満、シェークスピアの史劇の長所と歌舞伎の長所をうまく調和させたかったこと、深刻な悲劇を歌舞伎風のさまざまな挿話で作り上げたかったことなどが「桐一葉」創作の動機であると述べている。
- Shoyo cited the following motives for creating 'Kiri Hitoha' in 1915: Dissatisfaction with historical dramas; wishing to combine the advantages of Shakespeare's histories and Kabuki; and wishing to compose a serious tragedy of different episodes.
- これにさきだって詔して「朕崩ずるの後、大和国添上郡蔵宝山雍良岑に竈を造り火葬し、他処に改むるなかれ」、「乃ち丘体鑿る事なく、山に就いて竈を作り棘を芟り場を開き即ち喪処とせよ、又其地は皆常葉の樹を植ゑ即ち刻字之碑を立てよ」。
- She ordered before her death as follows: 'After my death, construct a furnace in Sahoyama yoranomine, Sounokami-no-kori County, Yamato Province, and cremate my body there; don't do this in any other places,' and 'Do not dig the hill; construct the furnace in the hill, cut thorns, open a ground and arrange it as a place for mourning; and plant ever green trees there and build a stone monument bearing an inscription.'
- 検断とは統治すること・裁判することを意味する言葉であり、中世日本では治安行政と刑事司法とが未分化だったため、統治することが裁判を行うことと密接につながっていたのである(日葡辞書によると、検断は統治・裁判を行う役職、とある)。
- 'Kendan' is a word which means both to govern and judge; since public safety administration and criminal justice were undifferentiated in medieval Japan, the concept of governing was closely associated with the concept of judging (according to a Japanese - Portuguese dictionary, 'kendan' is a role which governs and judges).
- 鉄火と似たような「あかがね」や「赤鉄」という言葉があるが、あかがね(銅・赤金)は、銅や赤銅(しゃくどう)や、赤味掛かった金色をした合金の意味であり、赤鉄(せきてつ)は酸化第二鉄(Fe2O3) のことであり、いわゆる赤錆のこと。
- Although there are words 'akagane' and 'sekitetsu,' which are similar to tekka, akagane means copper or an alloy with reddish gold color, and sekitetsu is ferric oxide (Fe2O3), or so-called red rust.
- そのために、落語の表現要素は (1) 噺家の芸に結びつく基本的な要素(言葉、仕草)と (2) 1 を助けるためにその場に応じて何にでも変化できるようなニュートラルな最低限のモノ(小道具、衣装)とに区分することができるのである。
- Accordingly, methods of expression in rakugo can be classified into two categories, basic factors (words and gestures) directly linked with the art of the storyteller, and restricted tools (props and costume) that complement these basic factors through their versatility.
- 3世紀中葉-後期に成立したとされるヤマト王権の王たちも対外的には倭王・倭国王を称したと考えられており、実際に4世紀後期から5世紀末にかけて中国王朝と活発な通交を重ねた諸王も中国に対して倭王または倭国王を称している(倭の五王)。
- It is considered that kings of the Yamato Dynasty, which was supposedly established in mid or later third century, externally called themselves the King of Wa or the King of Wakoku, and in fact, Shoo (princes without imperial proclamation) who were actively involved in friendly relations with Chinese Dynasties from the late fourth to late fifth century called themselves the King of Wakoku (The five kings of Wa).
- 今の水道橋から万世橋(秋葉原)の間は本郷から駿河台まで伸びる神田台地があったためこれを掘り割って人口の谷を造って通し、そこから西は元から神田台地から隅田川に流れていた中川の流路を転用し、浅草橋を通って隅田川に流れるようにした。
- An artificial valley was dug between the Kanda Plateau that stretched from Hongo to Surugadai (The areas between present-day Suido-bashi and Mansei-bashi bridges [Akihabara]) to dug to create an artificial valley so that the Hira-kawa River run through the valley, joined Naka-gawa River in the west (which originated in the Kanda Plain and poured into Sumida-gawa River) and run under Asakusa-bashi Bridge to pour into Sumida-gawa River.
- アルギン酸やフコイダンなどの水溶性食物繊維に由来するぬめり成分やミネラル、エイコサペンタエン酸などの不飽和脂肪酸を葉状部よりも多く含むため、健康食品として摂取されることもあるが、必ずしも十分な医学的根拠を得るには至っていない。
- Because mekabu seaweed contains richer viscous components derived from soluble fibers such as alginic acid and fucoidan as well as minerals and unsaturated fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid than wakame fronds, it is occasionally consumed as health food but its medical values has yet to be adequately substantiated to date.
- しかし一方で、日常では許されないような秩序や常識を超えた行為(ふんどし一丁、男性の女装等)も、「この祭礼の期間にだけは」伝統的に許されると認識する地方が多く、そのため賑やかな場面を指して「お祭り騒ぎ」などの言葉が派生している。
- On the other hand, order disallowed in the daily life and acts beyond the bounds of common sense (naked except for one's loincloth, dressing as a woman by men and so on) are recognized to be allowed traditionally 'only during the matsuri' in many provinces, and therefore, the term 'omatsuri sawagi' referring to a joyous scene was derived.
- 薩軍の右翼隊は未明、山鹿から菊池川に沿って南下し、玉名付近の官軍左翼を攻撃し、中央隊は田原坂を越え、木葉で官軍捜索隊と遭遇戦になり、左翼隊は吉次峠・原倉と進み、ここから右縦隊は高瀬橋に、左縦隊は伊倉・大浜を経て岩崎原に進出した。
- The right flank of the Satsuma army left Yamaga toward south along the Kikuchi-gawa River at dawn and attacked the left flank of the government army which was staying near Tamana; the center troop went over Tabaru Slope and engaged in an encounter battle with the reconnaissance party of the government army at Konoha; and the left flank advanced through the Kichiji-toge Pass and got to Harakura, where the right column headed for the Takase-hashi Bridge and the left column advanced through Ikura and Ohama and got to Iwasakihara.
- かつては、『玉葉』や『吉記』の記事にある、文治4年(1188年)9月15日の四天王寺如法経供養の際に奉納されたものとする説もあったが、秋山光和、柳沢孝(やなぎさわたか)らの研究により、高貴な女性の発願になる可能性が高いとされた。
- It used to be believed that it was dedicated at the time of the ''Shitennoji Nyoho-kyo Kuyo' (mass for departed souls) held on October 14, 1188, and which is mentioned in entries in FUJIWARA no Kanezane's diary 'Gyokuyo' and Tunefusa YOSHIDA's diary 'Kikki', but later researchers such as Mitsukazu AKIYAMA and Taka YANAGISAWA discovered that it was probably created at the wish of a noble lady.
- これは、『栄華物語』月の宴の巻に、「むかし高野の女帝の御代、天平勝宝5年には左大臣橘卿諸兄諸卿大夫等集りて万葉集をえらび給」とあり、これが元暦校本の裏書に、またある種の古写本の奥書にもはいったことが、一定の信憑性をもつものである。
- A certain level of reliability of the supposition is ensured by the fact that there is a description in 'Eiga monogatari' (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes), Volume of Tsuki no Utage (party of the moon), saying 'in 753, TACHIBANA no Moroe the Sadaijin and others gathered to select Manyoshu poems in the era of the Empress of Koya' and that this description was included in the book-end notes of Genryaku Kohon (Genryaku Collated Text) and in the postscript of a certain old manuscript.
- 国歌と訳した後も、国歌は和歌と同義に使われていた言葉であったため、長らく漢詩に対するやまと言葉の国歌という意味の方が浸透した状態で、National anthemの意味するところは、なかなか国民一般の理解するところとならなかった。
- Even after it was translated as 'kokka,' because the word 'kokka' had been used in the same meaning as 'waka,' the meaning of poem in Japanese language opposing to kanshi (Chinese-style poem) prevailed and the meaning of national anthem could not be understood by people in general.
- 朝廷としての組織は未熟であったが、『日本書紀』の暦法が雄略紀以降とそれ以前で異なること、『万葉集』や『日本現報善悪霊異記』の冒頭に雄略天皇が掲げられていることから、古代の人々が雄略朝を歴史的な画期として捉えていたとみることもできる。
- His governance was not perfect, but we can suppose that ancient people regarded his reign as a historical epoch from the following facts: before and after the Yuryaku period, the calendar of the 'Nihon Shoki' (Chronicles of Japan) changes; and the Emperor Yuryaku appears in the beginning parts of 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and 'Nihon genho Zenaku ryoiki' (set of three books of Buddhist stories, written in the late 8th and early 9th century, usually referred to as the Nihon Ryoiki).
- このときに討ち入り時の綱領「人々心覚」が定められ、その中で武器、装束、所持品、合言葉、吉良の首の処置など事細かに定め、さらに「吉良の首を取った者も庭の見張りの者も亡君の御奉公では同一。よって自分の役割に異議を唱えない」ことを定めた。
- The program called 'reminders for people' was then decided, which stated the details of weapons, clothes, one's belongings and signals at the time of the raid as well as how to treat Kira's head, and also described that 'the one who cut off Kira's head and guards in the yard will be considered to be equal in terms of serving our deceased lord; therefore, you must not question your roles.'
- 佐竹氏と、千葉氏、上総氏一族との対立はここに始まり、それが解消するのは、1180年の源頼朝の旗揚げに、千葉介、上総介一族が合流し、「富士川の戦い」に平家を破ったあと、転じて常陸に佐竹氏を攻めて敗走させるまで待たなければならなかった。
- The conflict between Satake, Chiba, and Kazusa clans started here and was solved with the mobilization of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in 1180 where Chiba no suke (assistant governor of Chiba Province) and Kazusa no suke clans gathered, defeated Taira clan in 'the Battle of Fujikawa River,' attacked the Satake clan of Hitachi, and made them flee after losing the battle.
- しかし、大正天皇や昭和天皇と並べて表記したい場合に、「今上」もしくは「今上陛下」では言葉のすわりがよくないことと、「今上天皇」と表記すると語感から客観的な表現に感じられるため、中立を求められる表現の中で使用される頻度が高くなってきた。
- However, Kinjo Tenno (the present Emperor) has been increasingly used in expressions in which neutrality is required because, when writing it along with Emperor Taisho and Emperor Showa, the expression of 'Kinjo' or 'Kinjo Heika' (the reigning emperor/His Majesty the Emperor) doesn't feel right and the expression of 'Kinjo Tenno' can be recognized as an objective expression.
- この例には、千葉県の旭市に対して愛知県の尾張旭市、新潟県の旧高田市(現在は上越市の一部)に対して岩手県の陸前高田市、奈良県の大和高田市、広島県の安芸高田市、大分県の豊後高田市などがある(このうち、安芸高田は高田市が消滅して以後の改称。
- Such examples include Owariasahi City in Aichi Prefecture against Asahi City in Chiba Prefecture, Rikuzentakada City in Iwate Prefecture, Yamatotakada City in Nara Prefecture, Akitakada City in Hiroshima Prefecture, and Bungotakada City in Oita Prefecture against old Takada City in Niigata Prefecture (now a part of Joetsu City); of these cities Akitakada City made its name change after Takada City became a thing of the past.
- 加えて本能寺の変直後、光秀が紀州雑賀衆・土橋重治へ送った書状に「上意馳走申しつけられて示し給い、快然に候」と、光秀より身分の高い者からの命令を指す「上意」という言葉を使っていることを挙げ、光秀の背後に足利義昭が存在したと主張している。
- In addition, Mitsuhide sent a letter to Shigeharu TSUCHIBASHI, who was a member of the Saigashu (a powerful local clan in Saiga, Kishu), saying, 'A joi (order from a superior to a subordinate) has been issued requesting that you provide service, which is a great honor', and Fujita pointed out that as the word 'joi' was used, the order must be from someone with a higher status than Mitsuhide.
- この言葉は、弘仁6年(815年)に朝廷が編纂した古代氏族の系譜集『新撰姓氏録』が、皇別(天皇・皇子の子孫)・神別(天津神・国津神の子孫)・諸蕃(朝鮮半島・中国大陸から渡来した人々の子孫)の3種に氏族を分類していることにちなむ造語である。
- The word 'Kobetsu Sekke' is originally coined by 'Shinsen Shojiroku'(Newly Complied Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility), the pedigree record of ancient cognate clans edited by the Imperial Court in 815 which classified clans into three types: Kobetsu (descendants of emperors and princes), Shinbetsu (descendants of Amatsukami [heavenly god] and Kunitsukami [god of the land]), and Shoban (descendants of migrants from Korean Peninsula and the Chinese Continent).
- 以降、長きにわたって伊能図(特に大図)は「失われた地図」となり、千葉県佐原市(現在は香取市)の伊能忠敬記念館に保管されていた写しの一部など、全214枚のうち約60枚の写しのほかは、東京国立博物館が所蔵する中図の写しが残るのみとなっていた。
- Ino map (especially large maps) had been long treated as a 'Lost Map' since then, and only copies of the medium-sized maps possessed by Tokyo National Museum remained except the copies of about 60 sheets of the total 214 sheets, including a part of the copies kept by The Ino Tadataka Museum in Sawara City (today's Katori City), Chiba Prefecture.
- のみならず「日本の統治政策は同時代に欧米諸国の行った異民族統治とは異質で、善政である」「植民地という言葉は諸外国が異民族統治に対して行った悪政に使われる言葉である」という認識から、双方を一緒に植民地という言葉で形容することへの批判がある。
- Furthermore, there is criticism of using the word colony for both, based on the recognition that 'the Japanese governing policy was different from the rule of different ethnic groups by Western countries in the same era, and was good politics,' and 'colony is the word to express the misrule conducted by foreign countries to rule different ethnic groups.'
- もっとも「言葉だけでは表現しきれない」内容については、言葉では端的に表現できない動作や前述「言葉」の項で述べたような地の文の欠如を補うといった低次のものから、素の芸において聴衆の想像力を刺激するために付加されるきわめて高度のものまで含まれる。
- The parts of a story which are difficult to convey with words range from simple ones, such as actions that words cannot express in a straightforward way, or sections of the performance which complement the descriptive parts mentioned above, to highly artistic ones that are added as improvisation to stimulate the imagination of the audience.
- 例えば、後に佐竹義宗が強引に相馬御厨全域を支配したとき、その『源義宗寄進状』には「常澄常胤等何故可成妨哉、是背法令、大非常之上、大謀叛人前下野守義朝朝臣年来郎従等 凡不可在王土者也」と、上総介常澄、千葉介常胤、が共に反抗していることが伺える。
- For example, when Yoshimune SATAKE aggressively dominated the entire region of Soma-mikuriya later, he stated in 'MINAMOTO no Yoshimune's letter of donation' that '常澄常胤等何故可成妨哉,是背法令,大非常之上,大謀叛人前下野守義朝朝臣年来郎従等 凡不可在王土者也,' indicating that Kazusa no suke Tsunezumi and Chiba no suke Tsunetane both rebelled.
- 古典園芸植物:ツバキ、サクラ、ボタン (植物)、シャクヤク、ウメ、ツツジ、キク、カエデ、ナデシコ、アサガオ、センノウ、サクラソウ、ハナショウブ、オモト、カラタチバナ、マンリョウ、ヤブコウジ、松葉蘭、長生蘭、富貴蘭、シノブ、細辛、フクジュソウ、タンポポ
- Plants for classical gardening: camellia, cherry tree, peony, Chinese peony, Japanese plum, azalea, chrysanthemum, maple tree, pink, morning glory, Lychnis senno, primula, Japanese iris, rohdea, Ardisia crispa, Ardisia crenata, Ardisia japonica, Psilotum nudum, Dendrobium moniliforme, Neofinetia falcata, Davallia mariesii, Chinese wild ginger, Adonis ramosa, and dandelion
- しかし、「民の声は神の声なり」(=天声人語)というホメロスの『オデュッセイア』にある言葉「朕民の心を追つて朕の心とする」という禹の故事明治天皇が五箇条の御誓文において誓った「広く会議を興し、万機公論に決すべし」という言葉を引いて以下のように主張した。
- They, however, cited the phrase 'the voice of the people is the voice of God' from 'Odyssea' by Homer, 'I try to understand the citizen's mind to make it into mine' from Emperor Yu's anecdote, and 'broad-based assemblies should be held and all critical issues settled by public debate' from the Five-Article Imperial Oath by Emperor Meiji to make the statements below.
- 富山県の小杉駅 (富山県射水市)と神奈川県の武蔵小杉駅、東京都の大塚駅 (東京都)と愛知県の三河大塚駅、広島県の府中駅 (広島県)と大阪府の和泉府中駅、北海道の砂川駅と大阪府の和泉砂川駅、全国に複数存在する中山駅に対する千葉県の下総中山駅などである。
- The examples include Kosugi Station in Toyama Prefecture (Imizu City) and Musashikosugi Station in Kanagawa Prefecture, Otsuka Station In Tokyo and Mikawa Otsuka Station in Aichi Prefecture, Fuchu Station in Hiroshima Prefecture and Izumi Fuchu Station in Osaka Prefecture, Sunakawa Station in Hokkaido and Izumi Sunakawa Station in Osaka Prefecture, several Nakayama Stations that exist in Japan and Shimousa Nakayama Station.
- 後白河は「もし叡心果たし遂げんと欲する事あらば、あえて人の制法にかかわらず、必ずこれを遂ぐ(やろうと心に決めた事は、人が止めるのも聞き入れずに必ず遂行する)」(『玉葉』寿永3年3月16日条)という性格であり、この強訴でもねばり強く意思の貫徹を図った。
- Goshirakawa 'accomplished what he had decided to do by all means even if his people tried to stop him' ('Gyokuyo' article of March 16, 1184); he consistently stuck to his intention against the direct petition.
- 地域の事情により古くから大工と言う職業が多数存在する地域もあったが、自治単位の人口の少ないところでは、十分の付き合い(相互扶助のこと村八分と言う言葉で知られる)の一つとして建前(上棟)には人手がいるためお互い様として地域住民が積極的に手伝う事が当然であった。
- In some communities there were traditionally many carpenters, while in other communities with smaller populations, it was natural that the residents would be proactive in supporting each other when building the framework of a house (framework raising) which is very labor intensive, and due to the social obligation called jubu-no-tsukiai (adequate relationship) those who did not cooperate may be ostracized or become 'murahachibu.'
- ところが、歴史研究家の立花京子が晴豊の日記全体の「被申候」使用例を分析した結果、村井貞勝の言葉と解釈し、独断専行を嫌う信長に無断で貞勝が発言するはずがないとし、信長の将軍任官の意向を踏まえたものであったと主張したことにより、歴史学者の間で賛否両論の論争となった。
- However, Kyoko TACHIBANA, a researcher of history, studied usages of '被申候'in other passages across Haretoyo's diary and concluded it was what Sadakatsu MURAI said, arguing that Sadakatsu would never say such a thing without Nobunaga's permission because Nobunaga disliked his followers' arbitrary decisions or executions, and that he represented Nobunaga's wish to gain the post, which led to controversies of pros and cons among historians.
- 江戸時代では、『卜養狂歌集』に「その頃世にはやる唐人歌とて、のんせんふらんらん露の情なやといふ事を歌ひける」(『松の落葉』には大津追分絵踊に「浮世のんせんふんらんらん」とある)、『毛吹草』に「小歌の中の句に、ふうらいふらいふる妻いとし軒の雪、此句唐人歌歟」とある。
- In the Edo period, 'Bokuyo Kyokashu' (Bokuyo Collection of Comic Tanka) described a song as 'a popular tojinuta singing about のんせんふらんらん露の情なや' (in 'Matsu no ochiba' [a book on Shinto, the history and the language by Takanao FUJII], '浮世のんせんふんらんらん' was compiled as the song for Otsu Oiwake-e odori dance), and also 'Kefukigusa' (a book for haikai including manners and selection of works) described a song as 'a kouta song has a line, ふうらいふらいふる妻いとし軒の雪, from tojinuta.'
- 「倅清舟承れ。人間最期の一念によって、輪廻の生を引くとかや。忠義に死する汝が魂魄、君父の影身に付き添うて、朝敵退治の勝ち戦を、草葉の陰より見物せよ。今雛鳥と改めて、親が許して尽未来まで、変わらぬ夫婦。忠臣貞女の操を立て、死したる者と高声に、閻魔の庁を名乗って通れ。」
- Listen, my son Kiyofune (Koganosuke's real name). What your soul is at your death decides what your next life will be. Dying for fidelity, let your soul accompany your lord and father and witness the victory over the emperor's enemy. Now, we have permitted you and Hinagiku to marry each other forever. You shall pass through the palace of Enma (the King of Hell who passes judgement on the dead) introducing yourselves aloud as ones who have died for fidelity and virtue.'
- 12世紀に入ると既存の官物率法に代わって、国衙領の公田のみならず、荘園の年貢に対しても一国平均役・御家人役などの形で公租が賦課されるようになり、これらの賦課による貢納物に対しても官物という言葉が用いられるようになり、南北朝時代 (日本)の頃までこの呼称が用いられた。
- In the twelfth century, in place of the previous Kanmotsu rippo, public taxes called Ikkoku heikinyaku (taxes and labor uniformly imposed on shoen manors and provincial lands) and Gokeninnyaku (odd-jobs for vassals) were collected from not only Kokuga owned public fields but also Shoen, and the tithes from these taxes were also called Kanmotsu and this term was used until the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 大江匡房が康和2年(1100年)に、安楽寺(大宰府にあった菅原道真を弔う寺)に「安楽寺に参ず」(『本朝続文粋』所収)という詩を作り、その中で「累葉廊下の末葉たり」とあることから、少なくても平安時代後期までは菅原氏代々の文章博士によって継続されていたと考えられている。
- As a couplet in a poem titled 'Anraku-ji ni sanzu' (Visited Anraku-ji Temple) (contained in 'Honcho zoku monzui' (Further Anthology of waka poems and prose written in classical Chinese) composed by OE no Masafusa in 1100 to Anraku-ji Temple (SUGAWARA no Michizane's mortuary temple located in Dazaifu) had it 'Ruiyo roka no matsuyo tari' (I was the last leaf in a heap of leaves in the hallway), it could be estimated that the school had been kept by generations of the Monjo hakase of the Sugawara clan and at least until the late Heian period.
- 桶狭間の合戦後に、岡崎城に入城した家康の許に、織田家からの使者として、たびたび、水野信元、久松定俊の両人が訪問し、言葉を尽くして、和順を促したという、しかしながら、家康はなかなか応じず、討死した義元の仇も報じない愚将の氏真に従えば武田・北条にその所領を奪われるは必定。
- After the Battle of Okehazama, Nobumoto MIZUNO and Sadatoshi HISAMATSU often visited Ieyasu entering Okazaki-jo Castle as envoy of Oda family to persuade him as much as possible in words to become the daimyo of the Oda side, however, Ieyasu did not accept their words so easily then they said that following the stupid commander Ujizane who did not revenge for Yoshimoto died in battle would surely end up Ieyasu losing his territory by the Takeda clan and the Hojo clan.
- この計画は「花粉の少ない森づくり」というプロジェクト名で、自然保護活動家として知られる作家のC.W.ニコル氏らが代表発起人となり、多摩地域のスギ林の伐採および花粉の少ない品種のスギや広葉樹への植え替えなどを50年計画で行い、今後10年間で花粉の量を2割削減するという。
- The project, which is named 'Kafun no Sukunai Morizukuri' (lit. The Creation of Low-Pollen Forests) and has conservationist and author C. W. NICOL serving as representative promoter, aims to fell Japanese cedar forests in the Tama area and transplant them with low-pollen Japanese cedar cultivars and broadleaf trees over a 50 year period as well as reduce pollen levels by 20% over the next 10 years.
- 「春霞」や、黄砂の古名である「霾」(つちふる)のほかに、「霾曇」(よなぐもり)、「霾晦」(よなぐもり)、「霾風」(ばいふう)、「霾天」(ばいてん)、「黄塵万丈」、「蒙古風」、「つちかぜ」、「つちぐもり」、「よなぼこり」、「胡沙」(こさ)など、黄砂に関する言葉は多数ある。
- In addition to 'harugasumi' and 'tsuchifuru' (being cloudy due to flung-up dust) that is an old term for kosa, there are many other terms indicating kosa, such as 'yonagumori' (霾曇 or 霾晦, cloudy with kosa), 'baifu' (kosa wind), 'baiten' (kosa sky), 'kojinbanjo' (with 'kojin' meaning 'yellow dust'), 'mokokaze' (Mongolian wind), 'tsuchikaze' (dust wind), 'tsuchigumori' (cloudy due to dust), 'yonabokori' (kosa dust), and 'kosa' (with 'sa' meaning 'sand').
- 千葉介、上総介一族が、頼朝に加担したのは、『吾妻鏡』にいうような、両氏が累代の源氏の郎等であったからではなく、平家と結んだ下総の藤原氏、そして常陸の佐竹氏の侵攻に対して、頼朝を担ぐことによってそれを押し返し、奪い取られた自領を復活する為の起死回生の掛けであったといわれる。
- It is said that the reason why the families of Chiba no suke and Kazusa no suke joined Yoritomo was not because they were followers of the generations of the Genji family as stated in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East); rather, they supported Yoritomo to fight back against the attacks by the Fujiwara clan of Shimosa, who was aligned with the Taira family, and the Satake clan of Hitachi in an attempt to recover their lost territories, which was a revival gamble.
- 「条」とは、郡・郷よりさらに小さい規模の領域を示す単位であり、郡規模あるいはそれ以上の範囲に領域支配を展開する他の東国有力武士団である三浦氏・千葉氏・小山氏・秩父氏などは、どれも何代か前から多くの有力な一族を各地に分派させているが、北条氏にはそうした一族が少しもみられない。
- A 'jo' is a unit of area smaller than a 'gun' (county) or 'go' (village), and unlike other major armed groups in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) who ruled territories of 'gun' or larger area (e.g. the Miura, Chiba, Koyama and Chichibu clans) and had been scattering their powerful branch families across Togoku since generations before, the Hojo clan did not have any such branch families.
- 「つわもの」の語源は明らかではないが、竹内理三は、大槻文彦が『大言海』の中で「鍔物(つみはもの)の略にて、兵器、特に鍔(つば)あれば云うとぞ」と書かれていることを紹介しながら、9世紀頃までは武器を指した言葉であることは間違いがなく、10世紀頃から「武者」と同義になるとする。
- The origin of the word 'tsuwamono' is uncertain, but Rizo TAKEUCHI referred to it as 'the abbreviation of tsuwamono (guard) or a weapon mentioned especially when there is a tsuba (sword guard)' in 'Daigenkai' (literally, great sea of words, a Japanese dictionary) by Fumihiko OTSUKI, and applied to weapons until the ninth century without a doubt and became a synonym for 'busha' from the tenth century.
- 千葉介、上総介一族が、頼朝に加担したのは、『吾妻鏡』が美化して伝えるような、両氏が代々源氏の家人であったからではなく、平家と結んだ下総国の藤原氏、そして常陸国の佐竹氏の侵攻に対して、頼朝を担ぐことによってそれを押し返し、奪い取られた自領を復活する為の起死回生の掛けであった。
- The reason why Chiba and Kazusa no Suke clans supported Yoritomo was not only because they both were the servants of Minamoto clan as beautified by 'Azuma Kagami,' but to repel the invasion of the Fujiwara clan of Shimousa Province and the Satake clan of Hitachi Province by supporting Yoritomo and to recover their stolen estate as a gamble to turn things around from facing a complete defeat.
- また、上総権介常澄の子で上総広常の弟に相馬九郎常清がおり、源義朝の寄進した旧来の相馬御厨(北相馬)と、千葉常胤が寄進したときに追加され、かつ千葉氏庶流の名字の地の多い南相馬とが、それぞれ分割支配されて、上総権介常澄の子・相馬九郎常清が源義朝支配地を管理していた可能性もある。
- Further, there was Kuro Tsunekiyo SOMA, who was a son of Kazusa no gon no suke (provisional assistant governor of Kazusa Province) Tsunezumi and a younger brother of Hirotsune KAZUSA, and there is a possibility that the old Soma-mikuriya (Kitasoma [northern Soma]), which was donated by MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, and Minamisoma (southern Soma), which was added when Tsunetane CHIBA made the donation and included many regions with surnames of branch families of the Chiba clan, were separately dominated, and that Kazusa no gon no suke Tsunezumi's son Kuro Tsunekiyo SOMA administered MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo's regions of influence.
- 中国では北斉時代(550-577)の菩薩像2体(山東省・青州博物館蔵)に截金が見られ、一方は二重の亀甲文の中に亀を描いたものと、裳裾に縦長の亀甲文の中に3枚の葉をもった植物文を上下に重ねた文様に、もう一方は裳に緑と赤に白い丸文を描いた文様の区画の境界線に截金が使われている。
- In China, the kirikane technique is found in two statues of Bosatsu (bodhisattva) in Northern Qi period (550 to 577) (owned by Qingzhou Museum in Shandong Province): For one of them, it is used in the motif of a double-line kikkomon (hexagonal pattern) in which a tortoise is drawn, and the motif which two patterns of plant with three leaves are arranged one above the other in a vertically long kikkomon in its mosuso (hem of pants), and for the other, in the boundary line between green pattern with white circle and red pattern with white circle in its mo (long pleated skirts).
- 現代の多くの言語で日本を意味するJapan/Japon/Giappone/Yaponiyaなどの言葉は、一般にジパングが語源とされるが、ポルトガルが到達した16世紀頃の東南アジアで日本のことを中国語からの借用語でJapangと呼んでいたことに由来するという説など、異説もある。
- Many words for Japan in modern languages, such as Japan, Japon, Giappone, and Yaponiya, are generally derived from the word 'Zipangu,' but there are also different theories, including one theory holding that the origin of these words was that people in Southeast Asia called Japan Japang in a borrowed word from Chinese language around the 16th century, when Portuguese reached Southeast Asia.
- 明治以降も、「霜夜鐘十時辻占」(1879)・「天衣粉上野初花」(通称 河内山と直侍)(1881)・「島鵆月白浪」(通称 島ちどり)(1881)・「四千両小判梅葉」(1885)・「盲長屋梅加賀鳶」(1886)などの作品が作られ、いずれも今日の歌舞伎における重要な演目となっている。
- In the Meiji period onward, the following plays were composed and are today counted among major kabuki plays: 'Shimoyonokane jujino tsujiura' (1879), 'Kumoni magou uenono hatsuhana' (commonly called Kochiyama to Naozamurai) (1881), 'Shimachidori tsukino shiranami' (commonly called 'Shimachidori') (1881), 'Shisenryo kobanno umenoha' (1885), 'Mekuranagaya umegakagatobi' (1886).
- 14世紀には、「渡党」(北海道渡島半島。近世の松前藩の前身)、「日の本」(北海道 (地方公共団体)太平洋側と千島。近世の東蝦夷)、「唐子」(北海道日本海側と樺太。近世の西蝦夷)に分かれ、渡党は和人と言葉が通じ、本州との交易に従事したという文献(『諏訪大明神絵詞』)が残っている。
- In the fourteenth century the Ezo group was divided into Watari-to (Oshima Peninsula in Hokkaido, the predecessor of the Matsumae domain in modern history), Hinomoto (the Pacific Ocean side of Hokkaido (local public entity) and Chishima (Kurile Islands), or Higashi-Ezo in modern history), Karako (the Sea of Japan side of Hokkaido and Sakhalin, or Nishi-Ezo in modern history); and a record stating that Watari-to could communicate with Japanese and conducted trade with people in Honshu is seen in one document (Suwa Daimyojin Ekotoba).
- 福岡県八女市の医師石橋正良宅に伝わる『石橋氏系図』によると、八女地方の石橋一族は、清和源氏の血を引く肥前出身の武士で豊後大友氏の門族である筑後国下田城主堤貞元の重臣石橋右衛門盛清(慶長6年没)が天正年間(1573年から1593年)に、筑後国生葉郡星野村に定住したのがはじまりである。
- According to the 'Ishibashi Clan Family Tree' handed down to Dr 石橋正良 of Yame City, Fukuoka Prefecture, the Ishibashi clan in the Yame region started when Uemon-morikiyo ISHIBASHI (died in 1601), a senior vassal of the lord of the Shimoda-jo Castle of the Chikugo Province 堤貞元 who was a Seiwa Genji-lined samurai from Hizen Province and a family member of the Otomo clan of the Bungo Province, settled in Hoshino-mura village, Ikuha County, Chikugo Province in a certain point of the Tensho era (1573 - 1593).
- しかし、文政11年(1828年)紅葉山文庫を所管する書物奉行でもあった高橋景保が、長崎オランダ商館付の医師であるフィリップ・フランツ・フォン・シーボルト(1796年 - 1866年)に禁制品である伊能図を贈ったことが露顕し、高橋景保は逮捕され、翌年3月に獄死した(シーボルト事件)。
- However, it was revealed that in 1828 Kageyasu TAKAHASHI who was shomotsu bugyo (archive commissioner) taking charge of Momijiyama Library presented Ino map to a doctor working at the Dutch trading house in Nagasaki, Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796-1866) in spite of a ban on possessing the map so Kageyasu TAKAHASHI was arrested and died in prison in March the following year (Siebold Incident).
- このことが小團次の気に入り、以降新七と小團次の名コンビによる『蔦紅葉宇都谷峠』(文弥殺し)、『三人吉三廓初買』(三人吉三)、『勧善懲悪覗機関』(村井長庵)、『鼠小紋東君新形』(鼠小僧)、『小袖曾我薊色縫』(十六夜清心)、『八幡祭小望月賑』(縮屋新助)などの名作が作られてゆくことになる。
- These modification gained the favor of Kodanji and later they became a good combination to produce some other famous plays: 'Tsutamomiji Utsunoya-toge' (also known as 'Bunya goroshi' [Killing of Bunya]), 'Sannin Kichisa kuruwa no hatsugai' (also known as 'Sannin Kichisa' [Three Men Named Kichisa]), 'Kanzen choaku nozoki karakuri' (also known as 'Choan MURAI'), 'Nezumi komon haruno shingata' (also known as 'Nezumi kozo'), 'Kosode soga azami no ironui' (also known as 'Izayoi Seishin'), 'Hachiman matsuri yomiya no nigiwai' (also known as 'Chizimiya Shinsuke') and so on.
- なかでも名高い遺品は、四天王寺所蔵の平安京の市場の風景を描いた二葉(法華経巻七扇6、同扇11)で、間口一間の小さな店では前掛けをした市女によって魚、果物、瓜、栗、布など多種多様な商品を売られており、その前を市女笠(いちめがさ)をかぶり、袿をまとった女性が通行しているようすが描かれている。
- The most famous paintings are two pieces (the sixth and eleventh fans of 'hokkekyo' vol. 7) held by Shitenno-ji Temple depicting the market in Heian-kyo (the ancient name of Kyoto), in which a woman wearing an apron is selling various commodities including fish, fruits, Japanese melons, chestnuts and cloths in a small 2-meter wide shop and another woman wearing an ichime-gasa (a kind of woman's cap with a shade) and uchigi (ordinary kimono) is walking before the shop.
- (「吉祥院」を冠称)三ノ宮町、中島、清水、定成町、船戸町、井ノ口、車道町、池ノ内町、西浦町、里ノ内町、落合町、政所町、西ノ内町、高畑町、八反田町、這登町、仁木ノ森町、菅原町、東浦、稲葉、前田、池田、長田町、砂ノ町、観音堂町、蒔絵、口河原、竹ケ尻、新田壱ノ段町、新田弐ノ段町、新田下ノ向、堤外
- (Prefixed by 'Kisshoin') Sannomiya-cho, Nakajima, Shimizu, Sadanari-cho, Funato-cho, Inokuchi, Kurumamichi-cho, Ikenouchi-cho, Nishiura-cho, Satonouchi-cho, Ochiai-cho, Mandokoro-cho, Nishinouchi-cho, Takahata-cho, Hattanda-cho, Hainobori-machi, Nikinomori-cho, Sugawara-machi, Higashiura, Inaba, Maeda, Ikeda, Nagata-cho, Sunano-cho, Kannondo-cho, Makie, Kuchigawara, Takegajiri, Shinden-ichinodan-cho, Shinden-ninodan-cho, Shinden-shimonomukai, Tsutsumisoto
- また、新渡戸は武士道が速やかに廃れたこと、人口の数パーセントを占める支配階級の理念でしかないことから、日本人の伝統に根ざしたものではないとも指摘しているが、日本人の伝統として受け継いだ内容を再解釈した新渡戸の『武士道』は山本常朝の「葉隠」とともに、海外における日本の侍のイメージを決定づけた。
- Also Nitobe pointed out that Bushido was not based on Japanese tradition because it became outdated soon and was an ideology of governing class that consisted only a small percent of the population, but 'Bushido' of Nitobe which reinterpreted the inheritance of Japanese tradition built an image of Japanese samurai in abroad with 'Hagakure' of Jocho YAMAMOTO.
- 兄弟が畿内周辺を彷徨し、聖なる新室宴において唱え言をあげたことや、弘計の別名である「来目稚子」が久米舞を継承する来目部(くめべ)を連想させること、神楽歌における囃し言葉を「おけおけ」ということなどから、当時に溯る民俗的背景がほのみえ、両皇子発見譚に史実性を認めながらも、詳細には意見は割れている。
- From stories that the brothers wandered around Kinai and chanted at a sacred celebration party for a new house, that the different name of the younger Oke, 'Kume no wakugo,' reminds Kumebe which inherits Kumemai dance, that the cheering refrain in Shinto music and dance numbers says 'Oke, Oke,' etc., there are recognized a slight ethnic background which goes back to that age and historicity of the story of discovery of the two princes, but opinions about the details are divided.
- 内容は「行家義経に同意して天下を乱さんとする凶臣」である平親宗・高階泰経ら12名の解官、議奏公卿10名による朝政の運営(九条兼実・徳大寺実定・三条実房・藤原宗家・中山忠親・藤原実家・源通親・吉田経房・藤原雅長・藤原兼光)、兼実への内覧宣下だった(『吾妻鏡』12月6日条、『玉葉』12月27日条)。
- The demand consisted of the removal of 12 'evil subjects trying to disturb the world in agreement with Yukiie and Yoshitsune' such as TAIRA no Chikamune and TAKASHINA no Yasutsune, governmental management by the Imperial Court by 10 giso kugyo (Noble Council) (Kanezane KUJO, Sanesada TOKUDAIJI, Sanefusa SANJO, FUJIWARA no Muneie, Tadachika NAKAYAMA, FUJIWARA no Saneie, MINAMOTO no Michichika, Tsunefusa YOSHIDA, FUJIWARA no Masanaga, and FUJIWARA no Kanemitsu), and the Imperial edict of inspection to Kanezane (the item of December six of 'Azuma Kagami' [The Mirror of the East], the item of December 27 of 'Gyokuyo' [Diary of Kanezane KUJO]).
- そこで佐々木宗雄は、基経の本心は「阿衡」という言葉よりも光孝天皇の時に基経に与えられていた政務の全面委任(王権代行の権限)の授与を示す言葉が2度の詔には明記されなかったために、天皇が自己の政治権限の削除を図っているとの反感を抱いて、光孝天皇の時と同等の権限を求めたのではないかという説を立てている。
- Muneo SASAKI pays attention to the fact that the Japanese word indicating the full delegation of state affairs (authority to act as the Emperor's deputy), to which Mototsune was entitled during the Era of Emperor Koko, was not explicitly used in these two shochokus, and asserts that Mototsune felt antipathy toward the Emperor because he suspected the Emperor might be trying to reduce his political authority, rather than because the term 'Ako' had been used, leading Mototsune to request that he be given the same level of authority as he had held during the era of Emperor Koko.
- 『うつほ物語』に「万葉仮名にもあらず、日本の書道史女手にもあらず」と記された草仮名が、極めて自然な形で女手と巧みに交用され、また、「悪(あ)」・「盈(え)」・「祈(き)」・「倶(く)」・「致(ち)」・「帝(て)」・「廬(ろ)」など、後世の上代様古筆には余り見慣れない珍しい文字字母が使用されている。
- In 'Utsuho Monogatari' (The Tale of the Cavern), sogana, which is described as 'neither manyo-gana (the use of Chinese characters for their phonetic value), nor onnade,' is skillfully mixed with onnade in an extremely natural way and also uses unusual characters, which are not seen in the later jodaiyo kohitsu.
- ここでの「悪友」とは、福澤諭吉らの「平等」や「義」や「独立心」を重んずる思想と違って、福澤らから見れば、閨閥、門閥政治、小中華思想(日本蔑視思想)などの旧弊に固執し血なまぐさい権力闘争を繰り返し、事大主義で外交において信義がなく、外交方針がころころ変わる清国や李氏朝鮮という認識で用いられた言葉である。
- Unlike the thought which put a high value on 'Equality,' 'Righteousness' and 'Independence' by Yukichi FUKUZAWA and others, 'Bad friends' in the 'Datsu-A Ron' was the word used meaning the Qing and Joseon Dynasty Korea where, adhering to their old customs of Keibatsu (network by blood connection), lineage government and petit Sinocentrism (idea of disrespect for Japan), bloody strifes over authority were repeated, being Sadaejuui (Loving and admiring the great and powerful) and faithless in diplomacy and diplomatic policies changed so often.
- 明治の市川團十郎 (9代目)・尾上菊五郎 (5代目)、あるいは戦前の尾上菊五郎 (6代目)・中村吉右衛門 (初代)こそが最高の役者であるという信念に基き、彼らに今の役者は遠く及ばないという下降史観によって役者や舞台を批判する老人のことを、それよりも若い世代が揶揄的に、あるいは老人自身が自嘲的に言う言葉。
- They are the terms by which younger generations teasingly refer to old people (or what old people call themselves with ridicule), who, based on the belief that Danjuro ICHIKAWA (9th) and Kikugoro ONOE (the fifth) in the Meiji Period or Kikugoro ONOE (the sixth) and Kichiemon NAKAMURA (1st) before World War Ⅱ were the best actors, criticizing actors and their performance thinking no present actors can approach them in performance.
- 3世紀中葉以降に見られる前方後円墳の登場は日本列島における統一的な政権の成立を示唆しており、このときに成立した王朝が天皇家の祖先だとする説や、弥生時代の近畿地方にあった場合の邪馬台国の卑弥呼の系統を天皇家の祖先とする説、天皇家祖先の王朝は4世紀に成立したとする説、など多くの説が提出されており定まっていない。
- Many theories, such as a theory stating that the appearance of large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds seen in and after middle 3rd century suggests the establishment of unified government in the Japanese Islands, and the dynasty established at that time were the ancestors of the Imperial Family, a theory regarding the lineage of Himiko of the Yamatai Kingdom, if it existed in the Kinki region of the Yayoi period, as the ancestors of the Imperial Family, and a theory stating that the dynasty of the ancestors of the Imperial Family was established in 4th century, has been presented, and has not been settled.
- 実際には、そもそも征服王朝である百済において、扶余たる百済王族と韓族たる民衆とでは言葉すら通じないほどの民族的差異があったこと、加えて、百済の民衆と現在の朝鮮半島に暮らす朝鮮民族との間にすら血統的連続性はないこと、などの通説からして、「天皇家が朝鮮民族の血筋を引いている」という表現は明らかな誤謬であるといえる。
- It is apparent that the Royal Family has no relationship with ethnic Koreans, as in Paekche there was a big difference in terms of ethnics between the Fuyo royal family and the common people of Kan-zoku; they did not even share the common language, and the common belief is that there is no blood line between the Paekche people and the ethnic Koreans who live on the Korean Peninsula.
- また、1970代以降、京阪電気鉄道樟葉駅(大阪府枚方市)に近い男山地区で、京阪電鉄や日本住宅公団(現・都市再生機構)などがくずはローズタウンや男山団地などの住宅を造成して、大阪市方面のベッドタウンとして人口が短期間で約2倍に増加し、同府の福知山市などを上回った(現在は再び福知山市が八幡市より人口が多くなっている)。
- Since the Keihan Electric Railway and Nihon Jutaku Kodan (Japan Housing Urban Development Corporation) (present Urban Renaissance Agency) prepared housing sites, such as Kuzuha Rose Town and Otokoyama housing complex in Otokoyama area near Kuzuha Station of the Keihan Electric Railway (Hirakata City Osaka Prefecture) in and after the 1970's, the city became a commuter town for Osaka and thereby the population of the city almost doubled in a short term and surpassed that of Fukuchiyama City, Osaka Prefecture. (Now Fukuchiyama City is more populated than Yawata City.)
- 吉井勇の『かにかくに』の歌で有名なお茶屋『大友』の女将で芸妓である磯田多佳や、井上流の名手として、また後輩の育成に努めた松本佐多、ほかに早崎春勇、三宅小まめ、玉木里春、藤本竹葉、安藤孝子(現役当時の芸名は孝千代、後に11PMに出演)、岩崎究香、高田真知子、佳つ乃など京都のみならず、世間に花を添えてきた芸妓が数多くいる。
- Other geisha include: Taka ISODA who was a geisha and the proprietress of the teahouse 'Daitomo,' known by the tanka poem 'Kanikakuya' (meaning somehow) by Isamu YOSHII; Sata MATSUMOTO who was an excellent performer of the Inoue School of Dance and engaged in nurturing junior geisha and apprentice geisha; and many more geisha such as Haruyu HAYASAKI, Komame MIYAKE, Satoharu TAMAKI, Takeha FUJIMOTO, Takako ANDO (whose geisha name was Takachiyo when active and appeared on a TV program called '11 PM'), Mineko IWASAKI, Machiko TAKADA (高田真知子), and Katsuno, all of whom have enlivened not only Kyoto but also the world outside Kyoto.
- これに対して「文章道」という言葉を用いた例も全く無い訳ではない(『菅家文章』元慶8年2月25日付の菅原道真奏状の中に書かれた道(学科)の現状についての件の中で用いられた「文章」は文章道という呼称を用いたものとされている)ものの、過渡的なものであり、10世紀に入ると公的な場においては「紀伝道」のみが用いられるようになる。
- In contrast, although we can also find the word 'monjodo' in the records ('monjo' used in SUGAWARA no Michizane's sojo (documents reported to the Emperor) dated March 29, 884 discussing the situation surrounding subjects in 'Kanke bunso' (an anthology of Chinese-style poetry by SUGAWARA no Michizane) is thought to mean monjodo), it was transitional and after entering the 10th century, only 'kidendo' was used in official occasions.
- 11-12世紀の間に、開発領主として発展していったことが豊富な資料で裏付けられる安芸国高田郡の藤原氏、但馬国温泉郷(ゆのごう)の平氏、伊賀国名張郡の丈部(はせつかべ)氏、下総国相馬御厨の千葉氏、その他の例をみても、彼らが当時の「武士の棟梁」と言われた軍事貴族と人格的な主従関係をもっていたと証明することは非常に困難とされる。
- It was hard to prove that the Fujiwara clan of Takata County, Aki Province, Taira clan of Yunogo, Tanba Province, Hasetsukabe clan of Nabari County, Iga Province, and Chiba clan of Soma-mikuriya (private estate of Soma ranch), Shimosa Province that developed as the kaihatsu-ryoshu between eleventh-twelfth century, and other examples proven by many historical manuscripts, had master and servant relationships with the military aristocrats called 'toryo of bushi' at that time.
- 逍遥の言葉「・・・要するに、彼の貴族的な、英雄本位、淑女本位の高尚がりの活歴派に対しては、それとは反対の、平民的な、不作法な、凡人沢山、風情沢山の丸本式、草双紙式を発揚し、厳格な、窮屈な外国の審美論に対しては、無主義の、放埒な、いわば不即不離の国劇式を、暗に擁護しようという主張と抱負とが内心にあって、彼の作を書き始めたのである。」
- Shoyo said, 'In short, I started to write this work with a view and ambition in my mind to inspire noble, hero- and lady-oriented, intellectual audience, who like historical dramas, the maruhon shiki (style of complete set of books) and kusazoshi-style featuring common, rude people and having a lot of ordinary and interesting scenes--contrary to the characteristics of those audiences--and imply my ambition to support the so-called kokugeki shiki (national drama style)--a non-doctorine, loose, and neutral style--to foreign aesthetes, who hold a strict and rigid view.'
- 右大臣九条兼実の諮問を受けた季弘は、治承元年(1177年)にも同じようなことがあり、亡くなった父安倍泰親が彗星といい、自分がであるとしたので、父が天に判断を仰ぎ誤った方に天罰が下ることを祈請したところ、自分が重病になったので彗星だと判明した。従って実際の星の動きは問題ではないと唱えたという(『玉葉』正暦二年1月12日 (旧暦)条)。
- When inquired by the Udaijin (Minister of the Right) Kanezane KUJO, Suehiro stated that when the similar phenomenon was observed in 1177, his deceased father ABE no Yasuchika said that it was a comet, but he objected to that; then his father asked Heaven to give them judgment by punishing the wrong one, and consequently, Suehiro fell seriously ill, thereby they confirmed that it was a comet -- therefore, it could be concluded that actual movement of stars did not matter (the entry of 'Gyokuyo' [the diary of Kanezane KUJO] for February 4, 991).
- 大和駅 (茨城県)と大和駅 (神奈川県)にそれぞれ存在する大和駅及び千葉県にある日向駅、大阪府にある淡路駅、奈良県にある磐城駅・但馬駅・石見駅、和歌山県にある岩代駅、前述の高知県安芸市にある安芸駅は、外の地域の旧国名と同じ名称の駅名となっているが、旧国名と駅名との間に関係はない(なお、宮崎県日向市の駅は前出の例に従い日向市駅である)。
- The examples of the names of stations in which the old provincial names of other places are used and the old provincial names have no relation with the station in question include two Yamato Stations which exist in Ibaraki Prefecture and Kanagawa Prefecture respectively, Hyuga Station in Chiba Prefecture, Awaji Prefecture in Osaka Prefecture, Iwaki Station, Tajima Station, Iwami Station in Nara Prefecture, Iwashiro Station in Wakayama Prefecture, and Aki Station in Aki City in Kochi Prefecture of which we have already mentioned; the station in Miyazaki City in Miyazaki Prefecture is Hyugashi Station following the examples already explained.
- 長官である上卿には大納言・三条公教が就任、実務を担当する弁官からは右中弁・藤原惟方、左少弁・源雅頼、右少弁・藤原俊憲(信西の嫡子)が起用され、その下で21人の寄人が荘園領主から提出された文書の審査、本所間の争論の裁判にあたった(後白河が「暗主」であるという信西の言葉は、この記録所の寄人だった清原頼業が九条兼実に後年語ったものである)。
- The Dainagon (chief councilor of state) Kiminori SANJO was appointed the highest lord of the Records Office, while the officials in fact responsible for running the office day to day, the controllers and so forth, included FUJIWARA no Korekata, appointed as Uchuben (Middle Controller of the Right), MINAMOTO no Masayori as Sashoben (third-ranked officer of the left), and FUJIWARA no Toshinori (Shinzei's own son and heir) as Ushoben (third-ranked officer of the right); under these officials, 21 Yoriudo (clerks) worked, inspecting the land deed documents submitted to the office from the shoen owners and judging disputed cases of ownership at the office (Shinzei's infamous comment that Goshirakawa was a 'foolish (unenlightened) ruler' was actually first mentioned by one of these Yoriudo, KIYOHARA no Yorinari, who repeated it years later to Kanezane KUJO).
- スナイドル弾薬の製造設備を失った事は、薩摩を象徴する新兵器だったスナイドル銃が無用の長物と化し、既に旧式化していた前装式のエンフィールド銃で戦わなければならなくなった事を意味しており、後装式と前装式の連射速度の違いがもたらす決定的な戦力差を戊辰戦争での実体験として知る西郷は、この報を聞いて「ちょしもたー」(しまった)との言葉を発したという。
- Now that they lost the production equipment of Snider Ammunition, the Snider rifle, which had symbolized the Satsuma Domain as the new weapon, meant nothing to them and they had to be armed with the outdated muzzle-loading Enfield rifles; it is said that SAIGO shouted 'Damn!' to hear the report because he had realized in the Boshin War that a difference in the burst speed between the muzzleloader and the breechloader makes a crucial difference in fighting power.
- 治承・建久の2度の新制の制定に大臣・摂関として関わった九条兼実(道長の6代目の子孫)は「長保以後代々制符」が制符(新制)策定の基本であるべきであると度々主張(『玉葉』治承2年4月23日・6月5日条)しており、長保から200年経た後世においても長保元年令が新制の出発点になるとする考え方が公家社会に広く存在し、中世公家法に対して強い影響を与えたことが分かる。
- Kanezane KUJO (the sixth generation descendant of Michinaga), who was involved in the establishment of shinsei in Jisho and Kenkyu eras as a minister and Sekkan (regents and advisers), often insisted that it was fundamental for the establishment of seifu (an official code of new laws issued by Daijokan, Great Council of State) or shinsei to 'follow the example of Choho' (articles dated April 23 and June 5, 1178 of 'Gyokuyo') and it follows that even two hundred years after the Choho era it was widely believed in the court noble society that Chohogannenrei should be a starting point for shinsei and that kugeho (laws issued by the imperial court) in the medieval period was greatly influenced by such a belief.
- 実弟である源範頼、阿野全成そして義経らはこれに含まれず、頼朝と比較的血筋の近い河内源氏のうちでも新田氏の庶子 山名義範や足利義兼に限られ、逆に、頼朝の4代前の祖先 源義家の弟 源義光を祖先とする甲斐源氏の加賀美遠光、安田義資、また6代前の祖先 河内源氏の祖 源頼信の兄 源頼光を祖先とする摂津源氏の源有綱など限りなく遠縁の者が門葉に列していることが確認できる。
- Yoritomo's own younger brothers, MINAMOTO no Noriyori, Zenjo ANO and Yoshitsune, weren't included in these monyo, while those included were limited to Yoshinori YAMANA, a child born out of wedlock of the Nitta clan, among the Kawachi-Genji that had relatively close blood ties with Yoritomo, and Yoshikane ASHIKAGA; however, those who were distantly related were also included, such as Tomitsu KAGAMI of the Kai-Genji that had descended from MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, the younger brother of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, the ancestor of four generations before Yoritomo, and Yoshisuke YASUDA; and MINAMOTO no Aritsuna of the Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan), which was descended from MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, the elder brother of MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, the originator of the Kawachi-Genji, the ancestor of six generations before.
- 『日本三代実録』元慶8年7月8日条によれば、同年6月7日に光孝天皇から政務の要請された(通常、これを関白の開始とするが、「関白」という言葉自体は宇多天皇が出した仁和3年の詔が初出であって、太政大臣あるいは摂政としての継続の意味であった可能性もある)際に一旦これを辞退した際の基経の返答に「如何、責阿衡、以忍労力疾、役冢宰以侵暑冒寒乎。」という語句を含めている。
- According to the description of July 8, 884 in 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku,' when Mototsune was requested on June 7 of the same year by the Emperor Koko to assume state affairs (although this request is generally believed to have been the beginning of his tenure of Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), it could have been the request to continue to serve as Dajodaijin (grand minister) or Sessho (regent) since the word 'Kanpaku' was used for the first time in the shochoku issued by Emperor Uda in 887), he once declined and used in his reply the phrase of 'I wonder whether I can fulfill Ako's responsibilities even though I work hard regardless of heat and cold.'
- その理由は、「仲哀天皇がいまだ崩御していないという建前をとったためその代理だから」という意味か、または「特に理由はなく、称制も広義の摂政の中の一種という建前でただ慣習的に称制という言葉が使われなかっただけ」というわけなのか、あるいは「応神天皇は胎中天皇と称されたように胎児の頃からすでに正式な天皇であってその代理」という主旨なのか、いずれにしてもよくわからない。
- The reason for above is unknown, although there are some possibilities of the following, 'since Emperor Chuai's death was not announced officially after he died, and it was temporary measure,' or 'there was no particular reason, the word Shosei was being used as a custom, since it also meant Regent after all,' or 'Shosei meant temporarily government since Emperor Ojin was officially considered as proper Emperor and he was called Emperor Taichu (Taichu means inside mother's womb).'
- 第一作家同盟(DSD、メンバー34名で五団体が結集、太田聴雨、小林三季、佐藤日梵、松島肇、吉川青草、真野満(以上、青樹社)、村雲毅一、荒木留吉、田中一良、玉村善之助(以上、高原会)、高木長葉、山内神斧、池田耕一、森谷南人子、西村陀宙、鳥居道枝(以上、蒼空邦画会)、小林源太郎、水島爾保布(以上、行樹社)、船崎光次郎、松田操、榎本三朗(以上、赤人社))1922年6月末結成
- Daiichi-Sakka-Domei (First Writers Alliance, or DSD), which had five groups and 34 members, including Shou OTA, Sanki KOBAYASHI, Nichibon SATO, Hajime MATSUSHIMA, Aokusa YOSHIKAWA, and Mitsuru MANO [all from Seiju-sha], Kiichi MURAKUMO, Tomeyoshi ARAKI, Kazuyoshi TANAKA, and Zennosuke TAMAMURA [all from Kogen-kai], Choyo TAKAGI, Shinpu YAMAUCHI, Koichi IKEDA, Nanjinshi MORITANI, Dachu NISHIMURA, and Michie TORII [all from Soku-Hogakai], Gentaro KOBAYASHI and Nio MIZUSHIMA [all from Koju-sha], Kojiro FUNASAKI, Misao MATSUDA, and Saburo ENOMOTO [all from Akahito-sha]) was formed in late June of 1922.
- しかしながら堀新 (歴史学者)から出された反論では、同日記の5月4日 (旧暦)付けの記事や、『誠仁親王消息』などの資料から、三職いずれかなどという曖昧な推任をしたのは誰も信長の真意を理解していなかったための行動であり、貞勝と信長との間にこの件に関する打ち合わせをした形跡がないことなどから、三職推任は信長の意向とは言えず、5月4日の晴豊の言葉も晴豊個人の見解であるとした。
- Shin HORI (a historian) argued against these interpretations that Haretoyo expressed his own opinion on May 4 (old calendar) at that time and Sanshoku suinin had nothing do to with Nobunaga's intention, because: the article of the diary dated May 4 and 'Message from Imperial Prince Sanehito' (誠仁親王消息) suggest that such an unspecific Sanshoku suinin came from a situation where no one knew what Nobunaga wanted; and nothing suggests Nobunaga and Sadakatsu had talked about this matter.
- ついで江戸時代に入ると漢学者、国学者の双方による律令研究が盛行し、注釈書を残した者に壺井義知(つぼいよしちか)(1657‐1735)、 荷田春満(かだのあずままろ)、稲葉通邦(いなばみちくに)(1744‐1801)、 河村秀穎(ひでかい)、河村秀根(ひでね)、 薗田守良(そのだもりよし)(1785‐1840)、 近藤芳樹などがあるが、依然として研究の中心は解釈学におかれていた。
- Next, in the Edo period, research on ritsuryo by both scholars of Chinese classics and scholars of Japanese classical studies flourished, and Yoshichika TSUBOI (1657 - 1735), KADA no Azumamaro, Michikuni INABA (1744 - 1801), Hidekai KAWAMURA, Hidene KAWAMURA, Moriyoshi SONODA (1785 - 1840), and Yoshiki KONDO are among those who left commentaries, but the center of the research was still on hermeneutics.
- これに対して一条房経は、九条家の家祖が長子だからといって、その流派の嫡流であるとは限らない、一条実経が九条道家から家督を譲られたからこそ、九条流摂関家の政治的権威を裏付ける文書類である桃華堂文庫(後二条帥通記、玉葉、玉蘂)が一条家に伝わっているのだと反論し、これに対して九条経教は、実経への継承は九条忠家が幼少であったがゆえの措置であり、九条教実が長命であればこのような事は起こりえなかった。
- Fusatsune ICHIJO argued against Tsunenori, stating that just because an ancestor of the Kujo Family was the firstborn child it did not mean the Kujo Family was the legitimate blood of Kujo-ryu, and that because Michiie KUJO gave the family estate to Sanetsune ICHIJO, the Tokado-bunko (Gonnjo-moromichi-ki) (Gonijo-moromichi record), Gyokuyo (Kanezane KUJO's diary) and Gyokuzui (Michiie KUJO's diary)) and the document endorsing the political authority of Kujo-ryu Sekkan-ke, a regent family, were inherited by the ICHIJO Family; whereas Tsunenori KUJO asserted that measures to give inheritance to Sanetsune were taken just because Tadaie KUJO was in infancy, and that if Norizane KUJO had lived longer it would not have happened.
- さらに、草合わせをする2人の少女(法華経巻七扇8)、小鳥捕りをする少年(法華経巻七扇9)、柿もぎのようす(法華経巻六扇11)など子どもの遊戯や風物詩も画題となっており、紅葉を愛でる女房と栗拾いの婢女を描いた場面(法華経巻一扇10)、文を読む公卿と童女(法華経巻一扇9)、遊女と傀儡子(または男巫)が今様を歌って道祖神に報宴し、神霊を慰めているのではないかと推定される場面などを描いたものもある。
- Furthermore, the subjects of the paintings include children's play and seasonal images, such as two girls comparing grasses they have gathered in a game of kusa-awase (the eighth fan of 'hokekyo' vol. 7), a boy trying to catch a little bird (the ninth fan of 'hokkekyo' vol. 7) and the persimmon harvest (the 11th fan of 'hokkekyo' vol. 6), as well as a scene of a court lady admiring the autumn leaves and a serving girl collecting chestnuts (the 10th fan of 'hokkekyo' vol. 1), a little girl and a court official reading a letter (the ninth fan of 'hokkekyo' vol. 1) and even a scene of a prostitute and a puppet player (or sorcerer) singing Imayo (a popular style of song in the Heian period) as offerings to guardian deity of travelers, Doso-jin, probably to comfort the spirit.
- 元来、半済とは「年貢の半分を納付する」という意味より百姓の年貢の半分を免除することを意味していたが、南北朝時代 (日本)頃から、守護が軍費・兵糧を現地調達するために、荘園・公領の年貢の半分を軍勢に預け置くことが、半済として行われ始め、1352年に最初の半済令が幕府から出された(なお、南北朝・室町時代においても年貢の半分免除の意味で「半済」という言葉が用いられる場合も存在しており注意を要する)。
- 'Hanzei' originally meant 'paying half of the tax' and thus meant, at that time, absolving peasants of half of their customs or taxes; however, in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, 'Hanzei' was used to mean that half of the customs or taxes on the manors and lands under the control of the feudal government were submitted to the troops in order for provincial constables to cover military expenditure and provisions locally, and the first hanzei law was enforced by the feudal government in 1352 (Note that 'Hanzei' was also used to mean absolving peasants of half of their customs or taxes in the Northern and Southern Courts period and the Muromachi period).
- 黒板勝美は大日本帝国海軍水路部の元暦2年3月24日(ユリウス暦で5月2日)の関門海峡の潮流の調査を元に、午前8時30分に西への潮流が東へ反転して、午前11時頃に8ノットに達し、午後3時頃に潮流は再び西へ反転することを明らかにし、合戦が行われた時間帯は『玉葉』の午の刻(12時ごろ)から申の刻(16時ごろ)が正しく合戦は午後に行われたとして、潮流が東向きだった時間帯は平氏が優勢で、反転して西向きになって形勢が逆転して源氏が優勢になったとした。
- Katsumi KUROITA, based on an investigation conducted by Tokyo Imperial University's naval hydrographic department into the tidal currents on May 2, 1185, proved that the westward tidal current in the Kanmon straits started flowing eastward at 8:30 in the morning, reaching a speed of eight knots by around 11 AM, and returned to flowing westward at around 3 in the afternoon; asserting that the times given in the 'Gyokuyo' for when the battle was fought (from noon to 4 PM) were correct and thus that the battle took place in the afternoon, he further stated that as long as the current was flowing east the Taira clan had the advantage, but after it switched back to flowing west, there was a reversal of fortunes and the Minamoto clan gained the upper hand.
- また、元々頒暦が官庁に備え付ける暦であり、貴族や僧侶は自らの日記を執筆するために用いる具注暦をそれぞれが暦博士や暦生に依頼して制作もしくや書写の便宜を受けるのが慣例となっていた(藤原実資は予め(陰陽寮職員である)陰陽師に料紙を支給して暦を注文を行い、完成後に代金として絹1疋を支払っていたことが知られ(『中右記』長和3年10月2日条)、摂関家に至っては暦博士側から具注暦を献上してくることが慣例化していた(『後二条師通記』・『殿暦』・『玉葉』)。
- Hanreki was originally a calendar to be distributed to government offices, nobles and monks made it a practice to ask rekihakase or rekisei to make or transcribe guchureki in order to write their own diary (on this point, it is known that FUJIWARA no Sanesuke ordered calendars to an onmyoji (practionner in the Onmyoryo) by paying for paper and paid one hiki of silk when the calendar was completed (according to the article of 'Chuyuki' (diary written by FUJIWARA no Munetada) dated on October 2nd, 1014) and the line of regents and advisers made it rule that rekihakase presented guchureki to them (according to 'Gonijo Moromichi ki' (The Diary of FUJIWARA no Moromichi), 'Denryaku' (The Diary of FUJIWARA no Tadazane) and ''Gyokuyo' (The Diary of Kanezane KUJO)).
- 飛ぶ鳥の 明日香の河の 上つ瀬に 石橋渡し 下つ瀬に 打橋渡す 石橋に 生ひ靡ける 玉藻もぞ 絶ゆれば生ふる 打橋に 生ひをれる 川藻もぞ 枯るれば生ゆる 何しかも わが王の 立たせば 玉藻のもころ 臥せば 川藻のごとく 靡かひし 宜しき君の 朝宮を 忘れたまふや 夕宮を 背きたまふや うつそみと 念ひし時 春べは 花折りかざし 秋立てば 黄葉かざし しきたへの 袖たづさはり 鏡なす 見れども飽かず 三五月の いやめづらしみ 念ほしし 君と時時 幸して 遊びたまひし 御食向ふ きのえの宮を 常宮と 定めたまひて あぢさはふ 目言も絶えぬ しかれかも あやにかなしみ ぬえ鳥の 片恋嬬 朝鳥の 往来はす君が 夏草の 念ひ萎えて 夕星の か往きかく去き 大船の たゆたふ見れば なぐさむる 情もあらず そこゆゑに せむすべ知れや 音のみも 名もみも絶えず 天地の いや遠長く 偲び行かむ み名に懸かせる 明日香河 万世までに はしきやし わが王の 形見かここを 巻2-196
- Birds are on the wing, Over the Asuka River, Whose upper rapids Were spanned with a stone bridge, Whose lower rapids Were spanned with a wooden bridge; Towards the stone bridge, Fine and green water-weeds grow, And then withering, Soon prosper exuberantly; Toward the wooden bridge River-weeds grow up waving, And then withering, Soon prosper exuberantly; Like those water-weeds As soon as the Prince arose, The Princess rose, too, Waving like the water-weeds; When the Prince lay, The Princess after him lay, Toward him waving; Why could she forget the Prince By whose side she stood, In the Palace where he passed His mornings and evenings? Why did she leave it vacant? When she was alive, when she was well and happy, In the springtide She decked her hair with flowers, And in the autumn Adorned it with yellow leaves; She intermingled Her sleeves with the Prince's sleeves, And she watched the moon Full and clear as a mirror With admiration, With love and deep affection, Standing by his side; On another occasion She went out with him To the Palace of Kinoe, Where delicacies Were graciously offered to them; This part of Kinoe As her everlasting place, The Princess departed; And we can't see nor speak with her; Be that as it may (or Yet, nevertheless,) Swollen with the deep sorrow, Like the fairy bird, Longing for the departed, Line the morning bird, The Prince did come and go, Like the summer grass Pining and withering away, Like the evening star Going and sinking in grief; Like a swaying ship, The Prince's heart kept wavering; As this I know not How to comfort his sorrow; So I know no way And simply wish to retain The tone of her voice, Only to remember her name For ever and ever, As long as heaven and earth, Her beloved name Committing to memory, And love on her name By the Asuka River For generations As the precious memento Of the dear, deceased Princess (Manyoshu, Volume 2 -196).