落: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 4当5落
- sleep four hours and pass, sleep five hours and fail (when cramming for university entrance exams)
- 七卿落ち
- Shichikyo-ochi (Seven nobles' rustication)
- 落書き寺
- Rakugaki-dera Temple
- 集落の歴史
- History of the village
- 平家の落人
- Heike no Ochudo (fugitives from the Genpei War)
- 源実朝落命
- The death of MINAMOTO no Sanetomo;
- 隆盛と転落
- Prosperity and falling
- 集落の建築物
- Buildings in the village
- 丘疹落屑性皮疹
- papulosquamous rash
- 平家の落人とは
- Brief explanation on Heike no Ochudo
- 清涼殿落雷事件
- Seiryoden Thunderbolt Striking Incident
- 絵師:落合芳幾
- E-shi: Yoshiiku OCHIAI
- 絵画の賛と落語
- San for paintings and rakugo (comic story telling)
- 『二条河原落書』
- 'Nijo-Kawara Rakusho'
- 落城する摂津諸城
- The fall of castles in Settsu Province
- 通常落ちは無い。
- Usually there is no ochi.
- 富籤が主題の落語
- Tomikuji as subjects of rakugo
- 命を落とすが…。
- She lost her life but....
- 洒落に関する言葉
- Words which relate to 'share'
- 落語の『皿屋敷』
- 'Sarayashiki' of rakugo (traditional comic storytelling)
- 菱田春草:『落葉』
- Shunso HISHIDA: 'Ochiba' (Fallen Leaves)
- 高遠城は落城した。
- Takato-jo Castle fell.
- 今津のザゼンソウ群落
- Skunk cabbage community in Imazu
- 平家の落人ゆかりの姓
- Surnames associated with Heike no Ochudo
- また段落の数により、
- When classified by the number of stanza, it goes as follows:
- 利休饅頭を描いた落語
- Rikyu manju appearing in Rakugo (traditional comic storytelling)
- - 出来の悪い洒落。
- It refers to bad 'share' (jokes).
- フグの口先を落とす。
- Cut off the tip of the pufferfish mouth.
- 治家は敗れ没落する。
- Haruie lost, and he fell.
- 補陀落寺(ふだらくじ)
- Fudaraku-ji Temple
- 堀川下之町(聚落学区)
- Horikawashimono-cho (Juraku school district)
- 丸山集落は戸数33戸。
- There are 33 households in Maruyama Village.
- 5月中3回の墜落事故。
- There were three plane crashes during May.
- 社会学や地理学では村落。
- 村 is called 村落 (read as sonraku, a rural community) in sociology and geography.
- 日本全国の平家の落人伝承
- Oral traditions of Heike no Ochudo at various places in Japan
- 青鬼長野県白馬村山村集落
- Aoni, Hakuba Village, Nagano Prefecture, mountain village
- 素襖落(すおう おとし)
- Suo Otoshi (literally, dropping down suo)
- 落飾して新女院となった。
- She was tonsured and named herself 新女院.
- 敗れた満幸は丹波へ落ちた。
- Mitsuyuki, who was defeated, fled to Tamba.
- 自身が没落することになる。
- Finally, Takakuni himself went to ruin.
- 落語と仮名手本忠臣蔵の関係
- Relation between Rakugo and Kanadehon Chushingure
- 五段目:中村仲蔵 (落語)
- Act Five : Nakazo Nakamura (Rakugo)
- 十根川宮崎県椎葉村山村集落
- Tonegawa, Shiiba-son Village, Miyazaki Prefecture, mountain village
- 物部との戦いで命を落とす。
- He died in the battle with Mononobe.
- 親王は落飾し禅楽と号する。
- He became a Buddhist monk and was called Zenraku.
- このような村落を惣村という。
- These villages were called soson.
- 旧勢力の没落と新興勢力の台頭
- Downfall of the old and rise of the new powers
- 平貞義が落ち延びたと伝わる。
- It has been passed down that TAIRA no Sadayoshi escaped to this place.
- 平忠実が落ち延びたとされる。
- It is believed that TAIRA no Tadazane escaped to this place.
- 平勝秀が落ち延びたとされる。
- It has been passed down that TAIRA no Katsuhide escaped to this place.
- 白馬村青鬼2000年山村集落
- Aoni, Hakuba Village, 2000, mountain village
- 加賀橋立石川県加賀市船主集落
- Kaga Hashidate, Kaga City, Ishikawa Prefecture, senshu village
- 背ビレ、胸ビレなどを落とす。
- Cut off the fins such as dorsal and pectoral fins.
- ばさら、二条河原落書、連歌など
- Basara, 'Scribblings from the Nijo riverbank,' and Renga (linked verse)
- 堅田の落雁(かたたのらくがん)
- Katata no Rakugan (wild geese flying down from the sky in Katata)
- 落雷によって焼失したとする説。
- Furthermore, there is a theory that the castle was burnt down due to a lightning strike.
- 部落差別問題にも影響している。
- This influenced the problem of Buraku (hamlet) discrimination.
- 椎葉村十根川1998年山村集落
- Tonegawa, Shiiba-son Village, 1998, mountain village
- 竹富島沖縄県竹富町島の農村集落
- Taketomi-jima Island, Taketomi-cho, Okinawa Prefecture, agricultural village
- また、落間や広庇もつかなかった。
- In addition, the Ochima (the room that is at a lower level compared to other rooms) and hirobisashi (the adjacent room that is at a lower level compared to other rooms) were not attached to it.
- 瀬田の橋が落ちるなど大きな被害。
- There were heavy damages such as the collapsed bridge of Seta.
- 平家の落人にゆかりあるとされる姓
- Surnames that are believed to be associated with Heike no Ochudo
- - 上下2闋(ケツ、詞の段落)。
- with two stanzas
- 加賀市加賀橋立2005年船主集落
- Kaga Hashidate, Kaga City, 2005, senshu (ship-owner) village
- 東祖谷村落合徳島県三好市山村集落
- Ochiai, Higashi-iya-son Village, Miyoshi City, Tokushima Prefecture, mountain village
- サゲの種類によるもの(落とし噺)
- Classification by type of sage or ochi within otoshi-banashi
- 落語「井戸の茶碗」にあらわれる。
- It appears in the rakugo (traditional comic storytelling) story 'Ido no Chawan'.
- 味は若干落ちるが、劣化は少ない。
- The rice will be slightly less tasty, but deterioration will be little.
- 主室の近くには、広庇、落間がない。
- There were no ochima or hirobisashi near the master guest room.
- 竹富町竹富島1987年島の農村集落
- Taketomi-jima Island, Taketomi-cho, 1987, agricultural village
- 1994年相倉富山県南砺市山村集落
- 1994, Ainokura, Nanto City, Toyama Prefecture, mountain village
- 五個荘町金堂滋賀県東近江市農村集落
- Gokashocho-kondo, Higashiomi City, Shiga Prefecture, agricultural village
- 渡名喜島沖縄県渡名喜村島の農村集落
- Tonaki-jima Island, Tonaki-son Village, Okinawa Prefecture, agricultural Village on the island
- 島津氏(源頼朝の落胤を祖と称した)
- Shimazu clan (claimed that their ancestor was an illegitimate child of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo)
- はぜ落ちの度合等のこうじ判定を行う。
- Evaluate koji (malted rice) by checking the condition of haze (white spots on the surface of steamed rice which become visible as koji yeast propagates).
- Evaluate koji by checking the condition of haze.
- 荻町 (白川村)岐阜県白川村山村集落
- Ogi-machi (Shirakawa Village), Shirakawa Village, Gifu Prefecture, mountain village
- 三好市東祖谷村落合2005年山村集落
- Ochiai, Higashi-iya-son Village, Miyoshi City, 2005, mountain village
- 菅沼 (南砺市)富山県南砺市山村集落
- Suganuma (Nanto City), Nanto City, Toyama Prefecture, mountain village
- 洒落の利いていることを洒落るという。
- When someone/something appears tasteful, it is described as 'shareru' (in its form of a verb).
- 当初は落語や漫才の劇場・寄席だった。
- Originally it started as a theater/yose for rakugo (traditional comic storytelling) and manzai (a comic dialogue).
- 食材や物に付いた滴や水分を落とす事。
- Mizukiri is to drain off water drops and moisture from foodstuffs or objects.
- 変化に対応できなかった守護は没落した。
- On the other hand, shugo that had failed to cope with these changes went to ruin.
- 落武者の物という古刀など遺品が伝わる。
- Some articles which are believed to be the belongings of Ochimusha, such as old swords, have been inherited.
- 忠恒は、緒戦で山田城を落とし入城した。
- Tadatsune captured Yamada-jo Castle in the beginning of a war.
- 二人は、駆け落ちという道しかなかった。
- The pair have no choice but to elope.
- 東近江市五個荘町金堂1998年農村集落
- Gokashocho-kondo, Higashiomi City, 1998, agricultural village
- 南砺市相倉(五箇山)1994年山村集落
- Ainokura (Gokayama), Nanto City, 1994, mountain village
- かやぶきの里・北村京都府南丹市山村集落
- Kayabuki no sato Kitamura, Nantan City, Kyoto Prefecture, mountain village
- 駆け落ちの理由を浄瑠璃がよろしく語る。
- Joruri, a kind of chanted narration, explains why they ran away.
- 落語の中に皿屋敷を題材にした話がある。
- Rakugo includes a story on the theme of Sarayashiki.
- 葛城氏没落後、あまり省みられなかった。
- After the downfall of the Katsuragi clan, the ritual had not been conducted very well.
- 「まず第一、瘧が落ちる(熱病が治る)。」
- Knowing my name should cure your malarial shakes.'
- (昭和44年成立)南落合町、東浦町、稲葉町
- (Established in 1969) Minami Ochiai-cho, Higashiura-cho, Inaba-cho
- こうして信忠は自刃し、二条御所は落城した。
- Thus, Nobutada committed suicide by sword and the Nijo Gosho (Nijo Imperial Palace) fell.
- 萱小屋跡はかつて小集落のあった跡地である。
- Kaya-goya-ato' is a trace of a small village.
- このため敗戦後、戦前の京都学派は没落した。
- Therefore, the prewar Kyoto school was ruined after losing the war.
- 関東では最北に位置する落人伝承の村である。
- In the Kanto region, this is the northernmost village where an oral tradition of Ochudo has been passed down.
- 日本各地の代表的な平家の落人伝承のある地域
- Regions in Japan where well-known oral traditions of Heike no Ochudo have been passed down
- 階段の七段目から落ちた、というサゲになる。
- It ends with a sage in which an actor falls from the seventh step of the stairs.
- 南丹市かやぶきの里・北村1993年山村集落
- Kayabuki no sato Kitamura, Nantan City, 1993, mountain village
- 落とし噺/人情噺/芝居噺(怪談噺・音曲噺)
- Categories: Otoshi-banashi, ninjo-banashi, shibai-banashi (including kaidan-banashi ghost stories, and onkyoku-banashi stories with background music)
- しかし、現在では落語寄席がほとんどである。
- At the present, nearly all yose are for rakugo.
- 穴穂部皇子は楼から落ちて隣家へ走り入った。
- Prince Anahobe fell down from the tower and ran into the next house.
- 義朝は敗退して平安京を落ち、東国へ向かう。
- Yoshitomoto was defeated and exiled to the east from Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto).
- そのため、南朝の凋落と共に一族も没落した。
- Therefore, when the Southern court fell so did the families.
- 足利尊氏方の佐々木道誉が都を落ちるときの話。
- A story of when Doyo SASAKI, who was on the side of Takauji ASHIKAGA, had to leave Kyoto and go to the country side.
- 村落社会の自立化が進み惣村が各地に成立した。
- Village communities became increasingly more independent, and soson (a communities consisting of peasants' self-governing associations) were established in various areas.
- また焼け落ちた寺社の再建にも尽力したと云う。
- It is said that he also made efforts to reconstruct the burnt shrines and temples.
- 武士に限っては平家の落武者という場合もある。
- So far as samurai are concerned, these fugitives are sometimes called Heike no Ochimusha.
- 安徳天皇が落ち延びて住んだという伝説がある。
- It has been passed down that the Emperor Antoku escaped to this place and lived here.
- 五家荘に落ち延びた落人と同族という説がある。
- Some people assert that the people belonged to the same clan as the one that escaped to Gokanosho and settled here.
- 十段目:天野屋利兵衛 (落語)(天川屋義平)
- Act Ten: Rihei AMANOYA (Rakugo) (Gihei AMAKAWAYA)
- 沖縄県渡名喜村渡名喜島2000年島の農村集落
- Tonaki-jima Island, Tonaki-son Village, Okinawa Prefecture, 2000, agricultural village on the island
- 菅沼 (南砺市)(五箇山)1994年山村集落
- Suganuma (Gokayama), Nanto City, 1994, mountain village
- 明治時代以降ワキ方の諸流派が没落していった。
- After the Meiji period, Waki-kata schools lost their positions.
- 箸の先から汁物などの汁をぽたぽた落とす所作。
- To drip liquid of soup or the like from the tips of chopsticks.
- 最後に背を落とせば糸に近い繊細な刃ができる。
- Finally, the backside is cut off to make a fine blade that is almost like a thread,
- その様子は『二条河原の落書』にも記されている。
- This characterization is also recorded in the 'Scribblings by the Nijo Riverbed.'
- この場合の村は、集落よりずっと広い範囲である。
- A 'village' used in this sense indicates an area much more spacious than a rural community.
- その他に豪放磊落な作風の山田寒山が挙げられる。
- Also, Kanzan YAMADA, whose style is bold and open-minded, was from that school.
- 実際の村落には多様な生業を持つ者が住んでいた。
- People with various vocations lived in actual villages.
- 平清経が当地にある五家荘に落ち延びたとされる。
- It is said that Taira no Kiyitsune escaped to Gokanosho of this village.
- 平経盛が郎党らと落ち延びて、自刃したと伝わる。
- It has been passed down that Taira no Tsunemori escaped to this place along with his roto and committed suicide with his sword.
- 落語家の舞台のことを「高座(こうざ)」と呼ぶ。
- The stage that a comic storyteller goes on to is called a koza.
- 上方落語の場合は見台を机に見立てることもある。
- In Kamigata rakugo the kendai is used like a desk.
- - 特に、服装や髪型,身なりが洒落ていること。
- It is used when someone's fashion or hairstyle are refined and tasteful.
- 尚落語には遊廓を題材にした廓噺(艶噺)がある。
- In addition, rakugo has Kuruwabanashi (Tsuyabanashi), a story featuring Yukaku.
- 知恩院に入寺して落飾し、尊秀入道親王と称した。
- He entered into Chion-in Temple and called himself Takahide Nyudo Shinno (monk-Prince).
- これを受けて光子は10月26日に落飾している。
- Following this, she was tonsured on December 4 to enter nunhood.
- 天皇は気を落とし、翌年病気になって亡くなった。
- The emperor was disappointed with this and the next year fell sick and passed away.
- 6代目の姉小路実広が吉野朝廷に従って没落する。
- Sanehiro ANEGAKOJI, the sixth head was ruined after following the Yoshino Imperial Court.
- 斎藤氏は没落して、その家宰の長井氏が台頭した。
- The power of Saito clan declined, and the Nagai clan, which was Kasai (the main retainer) of the Saito clan, gained power.
- 落ち延びた先の山間部などに集落を作った例もある。
- Some of them even created a village on mountain slopes and so on to where they had escaped.
- これを楯に佐竹義重は一気に南下、水戸城を落とす。
- It justified Yoshishige and his army in advancing southward to occupy Mito-jo Castle.
- 清洲会議にも参加できず、以後零落の一途をたどる。
- He was unable to take part in the Kiyosu meeting, and his later life was one of consistent downfall.
- 歴史的集落(れきしてきしゅうらく)とも呼ばれる。
- It was also referred to as historical settlement.
- 藤原氏の勢力拡大に伴う旧来の名族の没落もあった。
- At the same time, expansion of the Fujiwara clan's influence ruined former prestigious families.
- 一時京の回復に成功したものの結局没落していった。
- Although he succeeded in recovering the capital for a short time, he finally went to ruin after all.
- しかしながら、僧正のいるところには雷が落ちない。
- However, no lightening strikes the space where the priest is.
- 富貴(ふうき)は、かつて存在した上方落語の寄席。
- Fuki was a yose of Kamigata rakugo (traditional Japanese comic storytelling as performed in the Kyoto-Osaka region) that existed in the past.
- これらのことから、上方落語の寄席文化は壊滅した。
- Consequently, the yose culture in Kamigata rakugo (rakugo in Osaka) was extinct.
- トリになれるのは基本的に真打の落語家のみである。
- In principle, only shinuchi (full-fledged master of storytelling) rakugo storytellers can play the role of tori.
- また講談・落語や草双紙・浮世絵で描かれ花開いた。
- A yurei culture blossomed, as kodan (storytelling), rakugo (traditional comic storytelling), kusazoshi (Japanese picture books), and ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) featured them.
- 犬塚信乃に攻め落とされ、関東大戦でも占領された。
- It was captured by Shino INUZUKA and conquered again in the great battle of Kanto.
- しかし尊氏は陸奥の北畠軍に敗北し九州に落ち延びる。
- However, Takauji was defeated by the Kitabatake forces in Mutsu and fled to Kyushu.
- こういった過程を経て粒の大きな砂から落下していく。
- Through these processes, larger-grain sand in the dust falls first.
- 水尾(みずお)は、京都市右京区の山間部にある集落。
- Situated in a mountain valley in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Mizuo is the location of a group of houses.
- 人をよせつけない断崖の地であり、集落は存在しない。
- The cliffs of Naryu-misaki Cape keep people away, and no settlements exist.
- 柳本から果無集落への上り坂には石畳が残されている。
- Stone pavement remains on the ascent from Yanamoto to Hatenashi Village.
- 沢城の開城により和泉の紀州側城砦群は全て陥落した。
- The surrender of Sawa-jo Castle was the final fall among the falls of castles and forts of the Kishu side in Izumi Province.
- 長兵衛尉 長谷部信連が落ち延びたとする伝承がある。
- It has been passed down that Nobutsura HASEBE, Chohyoe no jo, escaped to this place.
- 白川村荻町 (白川村)(白川郷)1976年山村集落
- Ogi-machi (Shirakawa Village) (Shirakawago), Shirakawa Village, 1976, mountain village
- 坪内逍遥 『桐一葉』『沓手鳥孤城落月』『お夏狂乱』
- 'Kiri Hitoha,''Hototogisu Kojo no Rakugetsu' (The Sinking Moon over the Lonely Castle Where the Cuckoo Cries) and 'Onatsu Kyoran' (Onatsu's Madness) written by ShoyoTSUBOUCHI
- 定席一年中落語が聞ける所、または入り口そのもの事。
- Joseki: A place where rakugo is performed throughout the year, or the entrance to the place.
- 沓手鳥弧城落月(ほととぎす こじょうの らくげつ)
- Hototogisu Kojouno Rakugetsu
- 建久3年(1192年)後白河法皇の崩御により落飾。
- In 1192, she cut her hair before entering a monastery when Emperor Goshirakawa died.
- 南朝方は破れて伊佐城は落城、行朝は城から脱出した。
- However, the Southern Court lost the battle, with the Isa Castle surrendered and Yukimune having fled the Castle.
- これを理由に、部落の中世起源説を支持する人々もいる。
- Based on the report, some people support the opinion that the Buraku originated from the Medieval Period.
- その他の大内勢も落ち延びるか自害して、堺は落城した。
- The rest of the Ouchi army having either escaped or killed themselves, the fortifications of Sakai were taken.
- これにより、古代からの名族伴氏(大伴氏)は没落した。
- This incident brought the notable Tomo clan (the Otomo clan), which had lasted since ancient times, to ruin.
- 軍勢の中からは脱落して幕府方に降参する者も出始める。
- Some men from his army began to drop out and surrender to the bakufu.
- 村(むら、そん)とは、集落や基礎自治体の一種である。
- A village (mura or son) refers to a sort of community, a municipality.
- - 国の重要文化財、鞆七卿落遺跡として広島県指定史跡
- Nationally designated important cultural properties; a prefecturally designated historical site of Hiroshima Prefecture as remains of Tomo Hichikyo-ochi (the exile of the Seven nobles from Kyoto to Tomo).
- 一説によると平家の落人が逃れてきたとも言われている。
- According to one theory, it is said that Heike fugitives lived in this area.
- 河尻秀隆は武田旧臣の一揆により落命することとなった。
- Hidetaka KAWAJIRI was killed by an uprising of old retainers of the Takeda clan.
- 守護役は、村落を単位として賦課されることが多かった。
- The shugo-yaku was often imposed on each village as a unit.
- 平家方についた大庭景親の残党が落ち延びた伝承がある。
- It has been passed down that the remnants of Kagechika OBA, who sided with the Taira family, escaped to this place.
- 元来お坊ちゃんの与三郎が色恋沙汰で与太者に転落する。
- A wellborn son, Yosaburo becomes a rogue because of a love affair.
- 仕草は、落語において言葉の欠を補うための存在である。
- In rakugo, gestures are an important complement to the words.
- 上方落語・音曲噺のはめもの、芝居噺の書割・ツケなど。
- In Kamigata-rakugo and onkyoku-banashi there are some further accompaniments to performances such as hamemono, and kakiwari and tsuke (sound effects produced by striking a wooden board called a tsukeita with a clapper) are both used in shibai-banashi.
- 粗製の白磁で黒の鉄絵・掻き落としの素朴な図柄がある。
- This is a white porcelain of low quality with simple patterns made using iron pigment and sgraffito.
- 実際には引き落としなど引く技もあるが、ほめられない。
- There are some pulling techniques such as hikiotoshi (hand pull-down) in fact, but many people do not like such techniques.
- 持統はともに吉野へ落ち、壬申の乱まで吉野で過ごした。
- Jito went down to Yoshino with her husband, and stayed there until the Jinshin War.
- こうした経緯により、源氏の没落と共に平家方に付いた。
- This was the way they took sides with the Taira family when the Minamoto clan fell.
- 翌明徳2年(1391年)に時熙と氏幸は敗れて没落した。
- In the following year, in 1391, Tokihiro and Ujiyuki were defeated and they faced a downfall.
- 同年2月、山名義理は紀伊国で大内義弘に攻められて没落。
- In March of the same year, Yoshimasa YAMANA fell after he was attacked by Yoshihiro OUCHI in Kii Province.
- 三浦口集落の棚田の間を抜けると九十九折の坂がはじまる。
- After passing through tanada (terraced rice fields) of the village of Miura-guchi, a slope of tsuzuraore (a zigzag path) begins.
- 今日、日本各地において平家の落人伝説が伝承されている。
- The legend of Heike no Ochudo has been passed down in many places in Japan.
- 例えば、村落に住むエタ身分のなかには、高持の者がいた。
- For example, there were some people in the eta outcast group living in villages who were takamochi.
- 湯西川温泉では積極的に落人伝説を観光業に活用している。
- Yunishikawa Onsen is actively making use of the Ochudo legend for tourism.
- 落人も、見るかや野辺に若草の、すすき尾花はなけれども、
- Do those fleeing also see the green grass in the field although there is no Japanese pampas grass?
- 「落し話(おとしばなし)」、略して「はなし」とも言う。
- It is also called otoshi-banashi (a story that has a punchline), or in abbreviation, hanashi (a story).
- 落語家身分が初めに習い覚える話を「前座ばなし」と呼ぶ。
- The first stories learned by comic storytellers when they are new to rakugo are called 'zenza-banashi.'
- 魚の骨が好物で、高僧に出会うと崩れ落ちてしまうという。
- It is said that she liked fish bone and would collapse if she encounters a high priest.
- しかし、平治の乱で義朝が没落すると平家に接近している。
- Nevertheless, after Yoshitomo fell the Heiji War, he approached the Taira family.
- この結果、麹の専門業界は没落して酒屋業へ組み入れられた。
- As a result, this lead to the downfall of the koji malt industry which was subsequently incorporated into the sakaya (liquor store) industry.
- そのため、田辺城を攻め落とすことに躊躇していたのである。
- Therefore, they were hesitant to capture Tanabe-jo Castle.
- 後に毛利輝元を頼って備後国鞆の浦に落ち延びることとなる。
- Later he escaped into Tomonoura in Bingo Province, asking Terumoto MORI protect him.
- 後述の自然村は、複数の集落の統合体であることが多かった。
- A 'spontaneous village' to be mentioned often indicated a unity of several rural communities.
- 河井継之助の指揮下で善戦したが、7月末には長岡城が落城。
- Under the command of Tsugunosuke KAWAI, its forces put up a great fight, but Nagaoka Castle surrendered in early September.
- 金子城を落とした毛利軍は休む間もなく高尾城に向けて進軍。
- After destroying Kaneko-jo Castle, the troops of the Mori clan proceeded toward Takao-jo Castle without rest.
- しかし多勢に無勢、やがて金子軍は力尽き金子城は落城した。
- However, the Kaneko side was outnumbered by the enemy, and the soldiers, despite their strength, couldn't outlast the adversary.
- 千石堀城が陥落した21日夜、城兵は城を自焼して退却した。
- On the night of the 20th when Sengokubori-jo Castle fell, the castle soldiers set fire to the castle by themselves and withdrew.
- このため、茶屋で豪勢に遊び茶屋に金を落とす必要があった。
- Therefore, the customer needed to be generous and spend a lot of money in the tea house.
- 曲は清元節で、清元の曲名として落人と呼ばれることもある。
- The music is Kiyomoto bushi (a kind of music accompanying Kabuki plays) and the piece is called 'Ochiudo' (The fleeing warrior).
- 言葉の側面から見た落語には以下のような特徴が指摘できる。
- From the perspective of words, some specific characteristics can be pointed out as follows:
- 口演には直接関係ないが、落語の演ぜられる場を構成する要素
- Other components of the rakugo stage
- 『筆屋幸兵衛』では没落士族の悲惨さを主題とするなどした。
- The play called 'Fudeya Kobe' (Brush Seller Kobe) focused on the misery of a fallen descendant of a Samurai.
- 挽木とは茶臼の取っ手のことで、筒が深いものを洒落ていう。
- The word 'hikigi' refers to the handle of chausu (tea grinding mortars) and jokingly refers to deep bowls.
- 修羅道に落ちて苦しむさまが語られることからこう呼ばれる。
- The name comes from the stories in which the main actor falls into Shurado (World of Fighting and Slaughter) and suffers.
- また、大八の左手から珠が転げ落ち、犬士の一人と判明する。
- A bead rolled down from Daihachi's left hand, which demonstrated that he also was one of the Dog Warriors.
- 9月に笠置山は陥落(笠置山の戦い)、次いで吉野も陥落した。
- In September, Mount Kasagi fell (the battle of Mount Kasagi), and subsequently Yoshino fell.
- 果無峠の十津川側登山口からすぐの山上(稜線上)にある集落。
- It is a village located on the ridge and it is near one of the entrance of Hatenashi Pass for climbers who climb from the side of Totsu-kawa River.
- 大股集落 ― 伯母子岳登山道(野迫川村) ― 林道拡幅工事
- Omata Village - Mt. Obakodake Trail (Nosegawa Village) – the section for widening the Forestry Road
- この落城の後、備中高松城には宇喜多氏の家老・花房氏が入城。
- After its fall, Butchu Takamatsu-jo Castle became home to the Hanabusa clan, a karo of the Ukita clan.
- それ故、平家の落人伝説の中には信憑性の高いものも多くある。
- Therefore, there are many Heike no Ochudo legends that are credible.
- 隠居は、この饅頭もどきを「利休饅頭」と洒落た名前を付けた。
- The retired person gave a smart name of 'Rikyu manju' to the manju-like cakes.
- 洒落(しゃれ)とは、垢抜けていること、気の利いていること。
- Share' describes the way in which someone/something is refined and tasteful.
- 上方落語における用法もだいたいはこれに準じているといえる。
- It is used in Kamigata rakugo in a similar manner.
- 登場人物は、落語版、歌舞伎版、また演者によって多少異なる。
- Characters of the story vary more or less depending on the version, whether it is rakugo or kabuki, and depending on the performer.
- 崇峻天皇に嫁ぐが、崇峻天皇暗殺の後、命を落とすことになる。
- Although she married into Emperor Sushun, she died after the assassination of Emperor Sushun.
- 穴穂部暗殺の犯人が厩戸であることに感づいた為に命を落とす。
- Since he suspected that Prince Umayado was a Prince Anahobe's assassin, he lost his life.
- 遺詔の「刻字之碑」は、中世、陵土の崩壊を見て田間に落ちた。
- In medieval times, the 'monument bearing an inscription' built according to the Empress's will fell between rice fields due to the collapse of the mausoleum.
- しかし関ヶ原の合戦で多くの息子たちは西軍に属し、没落した。
- However, many sons sided with the 'western' army in the Battle of Sekigahara and ruined.
- 幕末、明治維新期の壬生基修(もとおさ)は、七卿落ちの一人。
- At the end of Edo period and the beginning of the Meiji Restoration, Motoosa MIBU was one of shichikyo-ochi members (defeated seven nobles).
- 寿永2年(1183年)平家の都落ちの際、六波羅館は焼失した。
- When the Taira family was exiled from Kyoto in 1183, the Rokuhara yakata was burned down.
- 室町時代後期の応仁の乱において西軍に属した一色氏は没落した。
- The Isshiki family fell after joining the Seigun (the western army) in the Onin War during the late Muromachi Period.
- 御殿川にかかる橋を渡ってからは急な坂を上って大滝集落に入る。
- The road crosses a bridge over Odo-gawa River and ascends a steep slope to Otaki Village
- 水ヶ峯は近世には宿場を営む集落で、杉の防風林が残されている。
- In the early-modern period, Mizugamine was a village managing lodgings and there still remain the windbreak of Japanese cedars.
- 秀吉侵攻軍はわずか19日で朝鮮の首都ソウル特別市を落とした。
- The invasion army of Hideyoshi took Seoul Special City, the capital of Korea, in only nineteen days.
- 基本的には弓射戦であり、騎馬での組み討ち、落馬後に刀を使う。
- They were basically battles with cavalry, and cavalry duels were carried out before using swords after falling from horseback.
- 高持から転落した百姓は水呑百姓や借家などと呼ぶようになった。
- Hyakusho who fell from being takamochi were called mizunomi-byakusho (landless farmers), tenants, and the like.
- 判官の供侍だった早野勘平が、顔世の腰元おかると駆け落ちする。
- Kanpei HAYANO, an accompanying samurai of Hangan, elopes with Okaru, a koshimoto of Kaoyo.
- 八段目と十一段目を題材とした落語は存在しないといわれている。
- It is believed that rakugo narratives based on Section 8 and Section 11 do not exist.
- 外題名も「深川」と「めぐみ深い」とをかけた洒落た出来である。
- Its title is a chic elaboration created by combining 'Fukagawa' (Deep River) and 'Megumi-fukai' (Deep Bressing) which have the same word in common.
- しかし、江戸時代を降るにつれて日本古来の馬術が没落していく。
- However, since the Edo period, the traditional equestrianism had been gradually forgotten.
- 氏範は親王を落とした後に降伏し、兄の赤松則祐のもとに去った。
- Ujinori surrendered after letting the Imperial Prince go, and left for his elder brother, Norisuke AKAMATSU.
- 畠山・斯波両氏は没落し、京兆家は管領職を独占するようになる。
- Both the Hatakeyama clan and the Shiba clan were ruined and the Keicho family gained exclusive possession of kanrei post.
- 京方は宇治川の橋を落とし、雨のように矢を射掛け必死に防戦する。
- The capital faction destroyed the bridges over the Uji river, and fought a desperate defensive battle, shooting so many arrows they fell like rain.
- 雨に混じらない黄砂のみが付着した場合に比べて汚れが落ちにくい。
- The substance stuck is more difficult to remove than the kosa mingled with no rain
- 岐阜県や長野県では落ち武者の事を「だいこう」と呼ぶ地域もある。
- In some regions, such as Gifu and Nagano Prefectures, ochimusha are called 'daiko.'
- 南北朝の動乱の中、尊氏は九州に落ち延び、頼兼もこれに従軍する。
- Takauji and Yorikane fled to Kyushu during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- しかし、南北朝時代になると、宮方につき、一族の殆どが没落する。
- In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the clan sided with the Southern court and most of the clan members faced their downfall
- しかし、この風俗店の進入によって雄琴のイメージは著しく落ちた。
- However, these businesses dramatically damaged the image of Ogoto.
- 丹念に ゑがきける絵に 落款の 曙山と大きく おらんだ文字の印
- This carefully painted picture has the artist's signature and seal of Shozan in Dutch letters.
- 平家の落人は大抵、山の奥深くや離れ島や孤島などに存在している。
- Most kakurezato where Heike no Ochudo settled are located deep in the mountains, on solitary islands or on remote islands.
- こうして海女は命を落としたが、その子は房前の大臣となったのだ。
- The diver died in this way, but her son became Fusasaki no Otodo.
- 従って音曲噺という項目をわざわざ立てるのは江戸落語に限られる。
- Therefore, it is only in Edo rakugo that the category of onkyoku-banashi is particularly fixed.
- 酔っ払ってはだんだん舌がにぶり、鑑評能力も落ちていってしまう。
- When the taster gets drunk, it blunts his or her sensibility to the taste and the ability of the appraiser gets weak.
- 木クズを落として電熱器で煮たニカワをブラシを使って接着させる。
- The wood shavings are shaken off and the inlaid piece is glued together using a brush and hide glue that has been heated electrically.
- 扇子は落語家の符牒で「カゼ」と呼ばれ、特に幅が広く作ってある。
- Sensu are called 'kaze' within the community of storytellers, and the width is a little wider than a standard sensu.
- 渡辺綱が茨木童子の腕を切り落とすのは羅生門という筋のものもある。
- Another version of the story has WATANABE no Tsuna cutting off Ibaraki Doji's arm at Rashomon (a famous gate in Kyoto).
- 河内源氏が没落する一方で、摂津源氏の頼政は政権内に留まっていた。
- So even as the Kawachi Genji were destroyed, Yorimasa, of the Settsu Genji, managed to remain part of the inner circle of government.
- この村は50戸ほどの集落であるが、うち38戸が茅葺き屋根である。
- There are approximately 50 houses in this village, with 38 of them being thatched-roofed.
- また「堅田の落雁(舞い降りる雁)」は近江八景の一つとして名高い。
- Katata no Rakugan (Sweeping-down Geese in Katata)' is also famous as one of the 'Omi Hakkei' (Eight Views of Omi).
- 没落期 - 源義忠時代の義忠暗殺事件~源義朝時代の平治の乱の敗北
- Fall period: Assassination of Yoshitada in the period of MINAMOTO no Yoshitada ~ Loss of the Heiji War in the period of MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo.
- 本籍地を離れた場所に落ち着いて耕作を始めることが多くなっていた。
- In many cases, families settled down in areas away from their places of family registry, and they began to farm.
- また姉弟であった一条天皇中宮藤原定子の落飾という事態をも招いた。
- It also forced FUJIWARA no Teishi, the second consort of the Emperor Ichijo, to enter into priesthood.
- そして翌29日、細川高国らは香西元長の居城嵐山城を攻め落とした。
- The following day, Takakuni HOSOKAWA captured Arashiyama-jo Castle, the residence of Motonaga KOZAI.
- また、山村や海付村落には(1)田畑のない村落(集落)も存在した。
- There were mountain villages (communities) and villages by the coast without (1) a field.
- 山口県彦島にも平家の残党と伝わる落ち武者が来訪したことが伝わる。
- It has been passed down that a fleeing samurai who was believed to be the remnant of the Taira family visited Hikoshima, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
- 棟義は治家を没落させた後も軍事指揮権を維持したまま、土着化する。
- Even after Haruie's fall, Muneyoshi, as a military commander, settled in the area.
- 昼夜二部制では、落人で午前を終り、五段目からを夜の部にしている。
- When the performance is held twice a day, the daytime performance ends with 'Ochiudo' and the evening performance starts with Act Five.
- 班女は京より東下りの吉田の少将と恋に落ち、互いに扇を取り交わす。
- Hanjo fell in love with Yoshida no Shosho, who was on his way to the east from Kyoto, and they exchanged their fans.
- 出囃子 (落語)、噺家の衣装(着物)、座布団、高座、めくりなど。
- Debayashi (background music played when a storyteller appears on stage), kimono (Japanese traditional clothing worn by a storyteller), zabuton (a traditional square floor cushion for sitting on), koza (the stage that a storyteller goes onto) and mekuri (paper cards stitched together and stood up on stage, the name of a storyteller written on each card) are all additional components of the rakugo stage.
- 川に落ちたおみよを救ったのは偶々小舟で通りかかった新助であった。
- The person who rescued Omiyo, who dropped into the river, was Shinsuke who happened to come by the site in a small boat.
- 老懸には紐がついており、冠が落ちないように固定する役目もあった。
- An oikake had a string and it helped a Court cap to be fixed in order not to fall from the head.
- しかしながら謀反の罪に問われ庶人に落とされた後、母共々変死した。
- However, he was suspected to be a rebel, forced to demote from nobility to subject, and finally died an unnatural death together with his mother.
- 教経は一人を海に蹴り落とすと、二人を組み抱えたまま海に飛び込んだ。
- After kicking one of them overboard into the sea, Noritsune himself leapt into the water still grappling with the second man.
- 古いインドの村落共同体はこうした土地所有者によって構成されていた。
- The old village community in India consisted of such land owners.
- 零落した細川高国を奉じて上洛も果たしたが、三好氏に敗れて戦死した。
- He also went up to the capital accompanying ruined Takakuni HOSOKAWA, but he was defeated by the Miyoshi clan and died in the war.
- 古くは興福寺の荘園で、中世の環濠集落を母体として発展した町である。
- Being a private estate of the Kofuku-ji Temple in olden times, the town developed from a medieval village surrounded by a moat.
- 集落最奥の民家の脇から林道を通り、高野龍神スカイラインに合流する。
- From the side of the house which is located at the end of the village, a forestry road extends again and it meets the Koya Ryujin Skyline.
- その血統は明らかで、日本の落人伝説のようにあいまいなものではない。
- Its blood line is apparent instead of being ambiguous like the folklore of the fleeing Heike warriors in Japan.
- そして、新しく開拓した地、そしてその村落は開拓した者の私領となる。
- Furthermore, the newly cultivated land and its village became the private estate of the person who cultivated it.
- しかし現在では本舞台で浅葱幕を切って落とすと一面の菜の花、春景色。
- However, in the present performance they start on the main stage where a light blue curtain ('asagimaku' in Japanese) is hung and it opens to reveal a spring landscape of oilseed rape blossoms covering the stage.
- 最後の演目は基本的に落語であり、その演者は主任(トリ)と呼ばれる。
- The last performance in a program is rakugo, in principle, and the person who performs the last rakugo is called a tori.
- こちらは生活用品など身近にある物を細かい模様にして洒落を楽しんだ。
- They made ordinarily objects like tools into a fine pattern and enjoyed the demand for this fashion.
- なお、牛馬の腸を用いた狭義の「油かす」以外は部落との関連性は薄い。
- Aside from the above narrowly defined aburakasu using small or large intestines of cattle and horses, other types of aburakasu have little relation with buraku.
- 雁首を下げて吸うと、格好は良いが脂(やに)が下がるので味が落ちる。
- If smokers smoke the kiseru with the gankubi downward, they look cool but it tastes worse because tar is slid down.
- 翌年の帰国時に嵐に遭い、南海に漂流し、同乗者の多くが命を落とした。
- In the following year, he was caught in a storm on his way back to Japan, drifting to the southern sea, and many people boarding the same ship lost their lives.
- 1573年丁野城を攻めた織田軍に攻め落とされた後、記録が途絶える。
- After the defeat of the Yono-jo Castle by the Oda army's attack in 1573, no record about him was found.
- むしろ村落の指導的な立場に立つ裕福な本百姓らによって指導されていた。
- In fact, 'hyakusho ikki' was led by affluent free-hold farmers who had leading roles in their villages.
- また、連歌が流行し、二条河原落書など文化の庶民化への動きが見られた。
- In addition, renga (linked verses) were popular, and there was a tendency for the general public as well to have an interest in culture, as seen in Nijo Kawara Rakusho (the lampoon at the Nijo river beach).
- 頼政の軍は宇治橋の橋板を落として待ち構え、川を挟んでの矢戦となった。
- Yorimasa's forces tore down the Uji bridge and waited for the enemy on the far bank, engaging them in a battle of archery across the river.
- 官戸は犯罪行為の罰として賤民に落とされた身分で口分田等は良民と同等。
- Kanko were those who were demoted to the lowly status as punishment for their criminal acts and were granted the same farming rights as Ryomin.
- 狂言の「素襖落」では素襖がストーリーの鍵となる小道具として登場する。
- In 'Suo Otoshi' of kyogen, suo plays a major role.
- 9月には笠置山が陥落し、後醍醐天皇は捕らえられて隠岐へ配流とされた。
- In September, the army on Mt. Kasagi surrendered, and Emperor Godaigo was captured and was banished to one of the Oki islands.
- 気づくのはごく少数であり、平家の落人の隠れ里にいけるのも少数である。
- However, only a handful of people noticed the existence of kakurezato or could go there.
- 舟を漕ぐ:落語にはめずらしい大きな動きで、扇子を竿や艪にして演じる。
- Rowing a boat: this is an exceptionally showy movement for rakugo, using a sensu like a pole or an oar.
- ついに欄干が壊れ、おみよと大勢の人が稲瀬川(実際は隅田川)に落ちる。
- At the end, the parapets break, and Omiyo as well as many other people fall into the Inase-gawa River (actually the Sumida-gawa River).
- 明治から大正時代において「浪花落語反対派」の拠点定席の一つであった。
- It used to be one of base Joseki (rakugo theaters that open every day) for 'anti-Naniwa rakugo (Naniwa-style of rakugo storytelling) group' in Meiji to Taisho era.
- 古くは平家落人の隠れ里で焼畑農業によってソバが作られ常食されていた。
- In the old days, this area was a hidden village of Heike no Ochudo (fugitives from the Genpei War) where buckwheat, their staple food, was cultivated by hidden agriculture.
- しかし、1年ほどで、髪が抜け落ち、体も痩せて、祭祀が出来なくなった。
- However, after one year pasted, the Princess Numaki iribime lost much of her hair and weight; then, she eventually became too weak to perform the Saishi (religious service) ceremony.
- 母は側室の高木敦子(通称・常盤木、織仁親王の薨後は落飾して常信院)。
- Her mother was a concubine, Atsuko TAKAGI (commonly called Tokiwagi, but later called Joshinin entering nunhood after the death of the Imperial Prince Orihito).
- 熊本県の五家荘や富山県の五箇山などは平家の落人の隠れ里と伝えられる。
- Examples of the hiding villages of the Heike no Ochiudo include Gokanosho in Kumamoto Prefecture and Gokayama in Toyama Prefecture.
- 直義は鎌倉を落ちる際に密かに家臣の淵辺義博に護良親王を殺害させている。
- When escaping from Kamakura, Naoyoshi made his vassal Yoshihiro FUCHINOBE kill Imperial Prince Morinaga in secret.
- 一方、荘園・公領に在住する民衆は、村落を形成し、自立を指向していった。
- On the other hand, the common people living in shoen and koryo formed villages and aimed for their independence.
- 元弘3年(1333年)、天皇の意を受けた新田義貞軍は鎌倉を陥落させた。
- In 1333 Yoshisada NITTA, received an order from the Emperor, and took control of Kamakura.
- なお、これらの兵の素行や略奪に関する概念は近代の倫理観と落差があった。
- However, notions of these acts and pillage, at the time, differed from modern ethics.
- 水ヶ峯 ― 大股集落(野迫川村) ― 林道タイノ原線(1997年開通)
- Mizugamine - Omata Village (Nosegawa Village) - Forestry Road Tainohara Route (opened in 1997)
- 叡尊は、当時の日本仏教の腐敗・堕落した状況を憂い、戒律の復興に努めた。
- Eison worried about the state of corruption and degradation of Buddhism in Japan at that time and tried to restore the precepts of Buddhism.
- 健磐とは、つまり巨岩の事である(崩落し火口湖へ落ちたとの記録がある)。
- Takeiwa means a huge rock (there is a record that it fell into a crater lake).
- 同年11月8日、六角・京極連合軍は観音寺城を攻め落とすべく攻撃を開始。
- The allied forces of the Rokkaku and the Kyogoku clan attacked Kannonji-jo Castle on November 8 of that year.
- 扇子、手ぬぐい、上方落語における見台と拍子木、張扇の五種に限定される。
- Only five props may be used, a sensu (fan), tenugui (hand towel), kendai (bookstand), hyoshigi (wooden clapper), and a harisen (a fan used as a stick-shaped object), the latter three being used only in Kamigata rakugo.
- 落語において用いられる表現の要素は、以下の五種に区分することができる。
- Methods of expression in rakugo can be classified into five categories as follows :
- 冷蔵庫に入れると色が濁って食感が落ちるので、流水か氷水で冷やすとよい。
- As cooling it in a refrigerator spoils the transparency of the dough and its texture, it is better to cool it with running water or water with ice.
- 代表的絵師である落合芳幾と月岡芳年は、歌川国芳門下の兄弟弟子であった。
- Hoki OCHIAI and Honen TSUKIOKA who were representative e-shi (painter) were fellow disciples studying under Kuniyoshi UTAGAWA.
- かつては落語以外の講談や浪曲や色物など各分野それぞれの寄席が存在した。
- In the past, there were yose for kodan storytelling, yose for Rokyoku (naniwabushi recitation) and yose for iromono (various entertainments other than storytelling), respectively, in addition to yose for rakugo.
- 座り方は正座であるが、膝を広めに座り両足の間に完全に尻を落としている。
- The player sits straight, but has his buttocks completely rested on the floor with his knees wide apart.
- その後、蘇我馬子は、物部守屋を滅ぼし、これ以降物部氏は没落してしまう。
- Later, SOGA no Umako killed MONONOBE no Moriya, which eventually ruined the Mononobe clan.
- 大永7年(1527年)に、今度は澄元の子細川晴元が高国を追い落とした。
- In 1527, this time the son of Sumimoto, Harumoto HOSOKAWA defeated Takakuni.
- 都落ちして平氏追討宣旨が下された時点で、平氏に従う兵は僅かになっていた。
- At the point when the Taira clan escaped Kyoto and the Imperial call for attacking the Taira clan was issued, the number of troops that followed the Taira clan had dwindled greatly.
- こうして、いったんは没落しかけた大内氏は再び勢力を盛り返すことになった。
- In this way, the Ouchi clan was able to recover their military strength and rally after being brought once to the brink of ruin.
- 氏清は落ち延びようとするが、一色勢に取り囲まれて一色詮範に討ち取られた。
- Ujikiyo tried to flee, but he was surrounded by the Isshiki forces and he was killed by Akinori ISSHIKI.
- 黄巣は、洛陽・長安を陥落させ、斉(880年 - 884年)を成立させた。
- Huang Chao sacked Luoang and Chang'an and founded the Qi Dynasty (880 to 884).
- 付近の村落を城下に移住させたり、商人や職人を職種ごとに分けて移住させた。
- People from surrounding villages were moved into the joka and merchants and craftsmen were separated into their occupation.
- 室町時代をつらぬくキーワードは、「旧勢力の没落と新興勢力の台頭」である。
- A key feature that characterizes the whole Muromachi period is 'the downfall of the old and the rise of the new powers.'
- 大岩山砦を守っていたのは中川清秀であったが、耐え切れず陥落、中川は討死。
- Oiwayama Fort, defended by Kiyohide NAKAGAWA, was unable to hold out and finally fell, while Nakagawa was killed.
- 山間部の集落においては、平家の落人にまつわる伝承が残っていることが多い。
- In not a few communities in mountainous areas, episodes related to ochudo of the Taira family have been handed down for generations and still remain.
- 船の用意をしていた漁師が登場、義経と静の別れの様子をみて落涙したと語る。
- The fisherman who arranged the boat comes on stage and announces that he shed tears at seeing the separation of Yoshitsune and Shizuka.
- 機巧童子の力に魅了され、ウルティモが切り落としたバイスの右手を入手する。
- He is attracted by powers of Karakuri-Doji robots and obtains Vice's right hand which has been cut off by Ultimo.
- また、スポンサーである寺社の没落と対照的に土倉・酒屋は栄え、独立していく。
- While the temples and shrines that once acted as sponsors declined, doso-sakaya prospered and became independent.
- 峠のすぐ近くにあった集落に高野山へ続く街道が通っていたことが由来とされる。
- The name is considered to derive from the road, leading to Mt. Koya, through the settlement near the pass.
- また、この集落は、文化庁の「重要伝統的建造物群保存地区」に選定されている。
- Furthermore, the settlement in this area has been selected as one of the 'Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings' by the Agency for Cultural Affairs.
- しかし府連が文化厚生会館の占拠を続けたため、部落問題研究所が再審査を請求。
- However, since the Kyoto Federation kept occupying the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall, the Institute of Buraku Problem requested a reexamination.
- 秀吉は島津氏に従属する筑前国の秋月種実の支城・岩石城を4月1日に落とした。
- On May 8, Hideyoshi took control of Ganjaku-jo Castle, which was a subsidiary castle of Tanezane AKIZUKI of Chikuzen Province, which was a vassal province of the Shimazu clan.
- 建武政権は崩壊し、南朝 (日本)に零落し、南北朝時代 (日本)へ突入する。
- The Kenmu government collapsed and came down to the Southern Court (Japan), then it entered into the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- おして、廉価なすし店もあるものの、すし屋は高級な料理屋の部類に落ち着いた。
- Sushi, in general, was categorized as a luxury, while there were the sushi shops selling sushi at a reasonable price.
- 『半蔀』『夕顔』『野宮』『住吉詣』『落葉』『源氏供養』(『松風 (能)』)
- 'Hajitomi' (Lattice Shutter), 'Yugao' (Evening Faces), 'Nonomiya' (Field Palace), 'Sumiyoshimode' (Visit to Sumiyoshi Shrine), 'Ochiba' (Fallen Leaves), 'Genji Kuyo' (Buddhist ceremonies for Murasaki Shikibu's souls), 'Matsukaze (Noh)' (Wind in the Pines)
- 光季は僅かな兵で奮戦して討死したが、下人を落ち延びさせ変事を鎌倉に知らせた。
- Mitsusue had only a handful of samurai with him and was killed in heavy fighting, but he managed to get one of his servants safely away who went and reported the critical state of affairs to the shogunate.
- このことは第二次世界大戦後の京大法学部の再建に大きな影を落としたといわれる。
- This is said to have cast a dark shadow upon the rebuilding of the Faculty of Law in Kyoto University after World War II.
- 落窪物語:継子いじめに苦しむ姫が貴公子と結婚して幸せになるまでを描いた物語。
- Ochikubo Monogatari (The Tale of Ochikubo): The tales in which the Princess, after suffering from harassment from her stepmother, got married with a Prince and lived happily with him.
- 15世紀後期~16世紀初頭ごろに一部は戦国大名となり、一部は没落していった。
- From the period of the late fifteenth to early sixteenth century, some daimyo became Sengoku daimyo (daimyo of the Sengoku, or 'Warring States' period) while other daimyo declined.
- 地価としては、福知山駅北が北近畿の中で最も高額であるが、現在も下落している。
- As for property values there, the property values to the north of Fukuchiyama Station are among the highest in the northern Kinki area, although they are presently falling.
- 1532年の天文法華の乱では日蓮宗徒たちは山科本願寺を陥落させ焼き討ちした。
- In 1532, the Nichiren sect followers destroyed and burned Yamashina Hongwan-ji Temple in the Tenbun-hokke Rebellion.
- 果無集落を通り抜け、集落のすぐ上部で西国三十三箇所第三十番の観音像に出会う。
- The road passes through Hatenashi Village and immediately above the village it reaches the 30th Kannon-zo (a statue of Kannon) of Saigoku Sanjusan-sho.
- この辺りの小辺路は尾根道を通り、所々でふもとの集落への枝道を分岐させている。
- In this section, Kohechi goes across the ridge, and at some points it branches and leads to villages at the foot of the mountain.
- 直後に宝満山も陥落させたが立花城は諦め包囲を解き、豊後侵攻へ方針を転換した。
- Shimazu's army made Homanyama-jo Castle fall immediately after that, but gave up Tachibana-jo Castle in order to raise the siege, and changed course to invade Bungo.
- 更に同日、大垣城にいた秀吉は大岩山砦等の陣所の落城を知り、直ちに軍を返した。
- Furthermore, that same day, Hideyoshi at Ogaki-jo Castle sent his forces back immediately after receiving the news of the fall of Oiwayama Fort and several of his other camps.
- - 海や河川の港の周囲に形成された町(漁業を営む小集落である漁村も含まれる)
- town formed around the whole area of a sea port or river port (including a fishing village which is a settlement with residents engaged in fishery)
- しかし、もともと財政基盤が脆弱だったうえ、橘氏の没落によって衰退していった。
- However, it grew weak because the financial base of Daigaku-besso was weak to start with and also because the Tachibana clan fell from power.
- いずれにせよ、平家の落人といわれる人々が相当数存在したことは事実に相違ない。
- At any rate, there is no doubt that there were a considerable number of Heike no Ochudo.
- 以上のように、村落にはさまざまな生業で生計を立てている者たちが存在していた。
- As described above, there were people in villages who earned their living by various vocations.
- 平家方として落ち延びた平氏・藤原氏の者が土着し、星姓、平野姓を称したという。
- It has been passed down that members of the Taira and Fujiwara clans who sided with the Taira family settled here using the surnames 'Hoshi' and 'Hirano,' respectively.
- 払っても地に落ちまた舞い上がり着き、やがて蓑、傘ともに緑光に包まれるという。
- They fell on the ground when brushed aside, but flew up again and adhered to the straw raincoat until the whole straw raincoat and the umbrella were wrapped up with green lights.
- そして、首を打ち落として懐に入れ、雨の振る中、悠々と長屋を後にするのだった。
- Then he cuts her head off and puts it into his robes, and composedly leaves the row house in the rain.
- 香合の中には必ず3個入れておき、その内2個を炭の近くに落し入れ、薫じさせる。
- Three pieces of incense are always put in Kogo, and two pieces out of them are dropped near charcoal and smoked.
- 茶筅の字はもともと鍋などの焦げ付きを落とす道具、筅(ささら)から由来している
- The name chasen, or 茶筅 in Chinese characters, comes from sasara (筅), a tool to clean a burnt pan.
- 若手時代付き人の男性と駆け落ち、温泉地に逃亡するといった事件も起こしている。
- When he was young, he caused an incident when he ran away with his male attendant and escaped to hot springs.
- かつては左肩の部分に人名を書いた貼札があったとされているが全て剥落している。
- It is said that name tags were once attached to the ministers' left shoulders, but they have all fallen off.
- なお入内の際、父政熙は落飾し隠居していたことから、兄政通夫妻の養女となった。
- She became an adopted daughter of her older brother Masamichi and his wife when she made judai (an imperial consort's bridal entry into court) because her father Masahiro had already been tonsured and retired.
- その後、義賢と義治は信長に対してゲリラ的に抵抗したが、結局は没落していった。
- Thereafter, although Yoshitaka and Yoshiharu put up guerrilla resistance against Nobunaga, ultimately they fell.
- 守貞親王が平家の都落ちと共に西国に連行されたことから、後鳥羽天皇が即位する。
- Emperor Gotoba ascended the throne after Imperial Prince Morisada was brought to the western region by the Heike (Taira clan) when it escaped from the capital.
- なお、没落した小島家も小島時光の代に姉小路頼綱の息子を養子に迎えて臣従した。
- The Kojima family, who had lost their status, served this Anegakoji family, and, in the time of Tokimitsu KOJIMA, adopted the son of Yoritsuna ANEGAKOJI.
- しかし、実権は豊臣秀吉に奪われ、美濃国岐阜城13万3千石の一大名に転落する。
- However, the real power was seized by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Hidenobu became a daimyo of Gifu-jo Castle in Mino Province with a fief of 133,000 koku.
- 落城後銃撃の腕を評価されて秀吉、前田利家に召しだされて3千石余を与えられる。
- After surrendering the castle, his skill of shooting was valued, and Ujimitsu was called to serve Hideyoshi and Toshiie MAEDA, with a stipend of more than 3,000 koku crop yield.
- 落武者(おちむしゃ)とは、戦乱において敗者として生き延び、逃亡する武士のこと。
- An ochimusha is a samurai of a defeated army who survives and flees from the war.
- 集落の外れに食堂と土産物屋があるが、それらは(有)かやぶきの里が運営している。
- There are a restaurant and souvenir shop on the outskirts of the village that are operated by Kayabuki-no-sato, Inc.
- これにより河道が掘り下げられた他、落差数十cmの堰を多く持つ現在の姿になった。
- The river channel was then dug deeper, and many weirs tens of centimeters high were built as they are now.
- 栗栖野の台地には縄文時代から人が住み弥生時代の大規模な集落跡も見つかっている。
- Ruins of a large scale settlement in the Yayoi period were found in a plateau of Kurisuno, showing people had lived there since the Jomon period.
- なお、山間部の集落では過疎化が著しく、麓の市街地とは対照的な表情を見せている。
- Settlements in the mountain area have serious depopulation problems, which makes a contrast with the situation of downtowns at the foot of mountains.
- 農作業は、集落住民と守る会会員、棚田オーナー(113組・517人)が参加する。
- The villagers, members of Senmaida hozonkai and owners of Tanada (517 people in 113 groups) participate in agricultural tasks.
- この火矢が城内の煙硝蔵に引火爆発したため城は炎上、これが致命傷となり落城した。
- Since this fire arrow touched off a powder house and it exploded, the castle burst into flames and led to surrender.
- 山名氏の没落後は新たに守護となった京極高詮に従い、山名氏残党討伐を行っている。
- After the Yamana clan perished, the Mitoya clan raised the army with Takanori KYOGOKU, who became the new shugo, and defeated the remnants of Yamana clan.
- 1966年2月25日、部落問題研究所が京都地方裁判所に仮処分命令申請書を提出。
- On February 25, 1966, the Institute of Buraku Problem filed an application for a provisional disposition order to the Kyoto District Court.
- これを円滑に行うためには膝を曲げ腰を入れて重心を落とした体勢をとる必要がある。
- In order to do this smoothly, actors have to lower their center of gravity by bending their knees.
- 綱の太刀と鬼の鉄杖が激しくぶつかり合った末、綱はついに鬼の片腕を斬り落とした。
- After Tsuna's sword and the ogre's steel stick heavily clashed, Tsuna finally slashed off an arm of the ogre.
- 日本では、白米を炊く場合、表面に付いているの糠の粉を、炊く前に水で洗い落とす。
- In Japan, when cooking white rice, rice bran powder on the surface is rinsed away with water before cooking.
- 壬申の乱に敗れた大友皇子に従って東国へ落ちのびた十市皇女はその時妊娠中だった。
- Tochi no Himemiko fled to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) accompanying Prince Otomo who was defeated in the Jinshin Rebellion, however, she was pregnant at that time.
- しかしながら、内親王は悲しみのうちに自ら落飾し、その6年後に短い生涯を閉じた。
- However, the Imperial Princess entered into the Buddhist priesthood in sorrow and ended her short life six years later.
- 内親王は外戚家の零落後に生まれ、同母弟の敦康親王同様、後見人に恵まれなかった。
- Since Imperial Princess Shushi was born after her maternal relative was degraded, she was not fortunate regarding her guardian, just like the Imperial Prince Atsuyasu, her younger brother by the same mother.
- 吉良城を落とした本山茂辰は、土佐において名族であった吉良姓を称することとなる。
- Shigetoki MOTOYAMA who forced the surrender of the Kira-jo Castle, then came to take the name of Kira, which was a noble family in Tosa.
- 元忠の奮戦などにより落城までの日数を要し、その後の戦略に大きな齟齬をきたした。
- After some desperate fighting from Mototada, the castle eventually succumbed, but the garrison's efforts dramatically affected the strategies of the subsequent battle.
- 滋賀県大津市から百井集落に至るにはこの峠を越える必要があり、鞍馬山を越えていく。
- To reach Momoi Settlement from Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, it requires to get over the pass and Mt. Kurama.
- 野迫川村では集落ごとに2、3頭の馬を飼うようになり、高野山との間で往来があった。
- Two or three horses were bred in each district of Nosegawa Village and they traveled to Mt. Koya by horses.
- 頃に、落雷により本丸が焼失したと、ルイス・フロイスが著書『日本史』に記している。
- Luis FROIS recorded in his book 'Nihonshi' (The History of Japan) that Honmaru was burnt down due to a lightning strike around the year 1579.
- そのため、秀吉は周囲の小城を次々と攻め落とし、備中高松城を包囲する作戦をとった。
- Therefore, Hideyoshi adopted the tactic of conquering the small castles surrounding Bitchu Takamatsu-jo Castle one after another and then lay siege to the castle.
- また、周辺の集落数百戸も同時に埋没の被害に遭い、多くの犠牲者を出すこととなった。
- The landslides also damaged several hundred homes in the neighboring villages, and many people became its victims.
- その結果、生活基盤が崩壊する賎民が続出して部落差別問題の深刻化の一因ともなった。
- As a result, there occurred the collapse of livelihood for many Senmin, thus contributing to the deepening of the Buraku discrimination problem.
- もともとは一つの村落で、村人が共同で酒を造る小屋のことを酒屋(さかや)といった。
- Originally, a hut where villagers manufactured sake jointly was called sakaya (literally, sake house).
- 地下請の伝統は、惣村が消滅し、近世村落が成立した江戸時代以降も承継されていった。
- The tradition of jigeuke was passed down in and after the Edo period, when the soson disappeared and early-modern villages took shape.
- 平藤房(藤原藤房とも)らが落ち延びたとされ、大将塚・平家杉などの史跡が散在する。
- It is believed that TAIRA no Fujifusa (also called FUJIWARA no Fujifusa) escaped to this place, and historical spots like Taisho-zuka (burial mounds of the general) and Heike-sugi (cedar trees related to the Taira clan) are still found here and there.
- これは助六の愛人・揚巻の名が稲荷の「油揚」と「巻寿司」に通じることを洒落た命名。
- This name was a pun on the name of Agemaki, the lover of Sukeroku, for 'AburaAGE', material of Inarizushi, and 'MAKIzusi.'
- 但し、南都楽所では一人舞の場合は曲名を「納曽利」、二人舞の場合は「落蹲」と呼ぶ。
- In Nanto gakusho, however, the piece is called 'Nasori' in hitorimai and 'Rakuson' in futarimai.
- 文七元結(ぶんしちもっとい)は、三遊亭圓朝の創作で、落語のうち、人情噺のひとつ。
- Bunshichi Mottoi was created by Encho Sanyutei, and is one of human-interest stories among rakugo (traditional comic story telling).
- 娟子内親王は鳥羽天皇と入れ替わるようにこの年死去、夫の零落を見ることはなかった。
- Imperial Princess Kenshi died this year, as if she was waiting for Emperor Toba to be born, she had no time left to see her husband being reduced to poverty.
- 大崎下島の御手洗地区に五卿が立ち寄ったといわれる屋敷が七卿落遺跡として残っている。
- In the Mitarai district of Osakishimo-jima Island, a mansion where the five nobles are said to have stopped remains as a monument to the seven nobles' rustication.
- 楠木正成は重囲に落ち、奮戦するものの多勢に無勢はいかんともしがたく、楠木軍は壊滅。
- Masashige KUSUNOKI was tightly encircled and, despite fighting fiercely, his forces were too heavily outnumbered and were destroyed.
- 農耕社会の発展とともに地域集団は大型化していき、その中心部には環濠集落が営まれた。
- Corresponding to the advancement of an agriculture-based society, the sizes of the local communities had become larger, being surrounded-by-moat type settlements at their centers
- 湯の落ちる先には二股ラジウム温泉の石灰華を思わせる温泉成分から成る断崖が見られる。
- The point where hot water drops has a cliff that consists of hot spring constituents, which looks like the calcareous sinter of Futamata Radium Onsen Hot Spring.
- 水ヶ峯(みずがみね、または「水ヶ峰」)は大滝集落から大股集落への尾根道上の集落跡。
- Mizugamine is a trace of a village on a ridge road from Otaki Village to Omata Village.
- これは明智秀満が天守に火を放ち光秀の妻子もろとも落城した時のものと考えられている。
- It is considered that the soil was scorched when Hidemitsu AKECHI killed himself with Mitsuhide's wife and his children by setting the tenshu on fire.
- 没落しつつある貴族層の関心が庶民や新興階級である武士に向かったのも院政期であった。
- It was the Insei period when the interests of fallen court nobles moved to the common people or samurai, an emerging class.
- 寿永2年(1183年)7月28日、平氏一門は都落ちして、義仲・源行家軍が入京する。
- On August 24, 1183, the Taira clan left the capital, while Yoshinaka and MINAMOTO no Yukiie's army entered the capital.
- 1960年代前半、部落解放同盟中央は、共産党系幹部主導による運動が進められてきた。
- In the early 1960s, led by the Japanese Communist Party leaning executives, the Buraku Liberation League Headquarter was promoting movement.
- 平家の落人の伝承という「久連子古代踊り」があり、国選択無形民俗文化財となっている。
- 'Kureko Kodai Odori, ' which is believed to be the oral tradition of Heike no Ochudo, has been passed down here and it is now designated as a nationally selected intangible folk-cultural property.
- 一般的に古典落語には定められた口演台本があり、噺家はこれを記憶して高座で再現する。
- Generally, classical rakugo has a fixed model of narration, and a storyteller memorizes and reproduces this on stage.
- 最期は、後の黒幕がはらりと落ちて舞台が明るくなり、舞台の俳優は見得をして幕となる。
- At the end of the performance, the black curtain in the background is dropped suddenly, making the stage lighted, and then the main curtain is closed after the actors on the stage make their final poses.
- 従一位に至り康平7年(1064年)11月落飾、1087年に93歳という高齢で薨去。
- She was conferred the rank of Juichii (Junior First Rank), entered into Buddhist priesthood in December 1064 and died in 1087 at the old age of 93.
- この時点で平氏政権は、貴族社会に形成してきた基盤を捨て、西国の地方政権へと転落した。
- At this point, the Taira clan administration abandoned its foundation established in the aristocracy and fell into being a local government of the west.
- 翌1336年、九州落ちしていた尊氏は持明院統の光厳天皇から院宣を受けて再び東上する。
- The next year in 1336, Takauji was bestowed an Imperial command from Emperor Kogon of the Jimyoin line while he was in hiding in Kyushu and he headed back east again.
- 1333年(元弘3年/正慶2年)、鎌倉は新田義貞らの攻撃で陥落し、北条氏は滅亡する。
- Kamakura was occupied by Yoshisada NITTA in 1333 and the Hojo clan fell.
- 夜間の行軍に疲れた以仁王は幾度も落馬し、やむなく宇治平等院で休息を取ることになった。
- Exhausted from the night march, prince Mochihito fell from his horse several times, until he was forced to take a rest at Byodoin temple in Uji.
- 斉は短期間で倒れたが、唐は弱体化して首都・長安周辺のみを治める地方政権へと凋落した。
- Although the Qi Dynasty fell in a short time, the Tang Dynasty was weakened and reduced to a local government which ran only Chang'an, the capital.
- 広義には、寺院・神社の信徒が近隣に集落を形成した寺内町・社家町も含めて門前町という。
- In a broad sense, it includes a temple town or shrine town where followers lived near a temple or shrine and created a community.
- 1567年(永禄10) 東大寺大仏殿の戦いにより東大寺盧舎那仏像の仏頭が焼け落ちる。
- 1567: The head of the statue of Birushana Buddha in Todai-ji Temple was burnt down during the Battle of Great Buddha Hall of Todai-ji Temple.
- タイノ原林道が通る尾根道には、麓の集落への分岐点であった檜股辻・今西辻・平辻が続く。
- The road of the ridge (present Tainohara Route) leads to the old crossroads to the villages at the foot of the mountain including Hinokimata-tsuji crossroads, Imanishi-tsuji crossroads, and Taira-tsuji crossroads.
- 島津軍は勢いづき大友義統が放棄した府内城を陥落させて、宗麟の守る丹生島城を包囲した。
- Encouraged by their victory, the Shimazu army captured Funai-jo Castle, which had been abandoned by Yoshimune OTOMO, and besieged Nyushima-jo Castle, which was defended by Sorin.
- この間、部落問題研究所の東上高志たちが朝田らを建造物侵入と威力業務妨害の容疑で告訴。
- During this, Takashi TOJO and others from the Institute of Buraku Problem brought an accusation against Asada and others of burglary and forcible obstruction of business.
- 荘園・公領に村落が発生したのは、13世紀後期から14世紀にかけての時期とされている。
- It is generally accepted that self-governing village communities were formed within manors and government territories in Japan from the late 13th to the early 14th century.
- 落語では、仮名手本忠臣蔵がくすぐり伝統芸能のくすぐり、落ちとして使われることもある。
- In Rakugo, 'Kanadehon Chushingura' is sometimes used as a material for kusuguri (making the audience laugh) or ochi (the punch line of a joke) in the traditional art of kusuguri Rakugo.
- 源義経が平氏を討伐したのち、源頼朝に疑われて西国に落ちるところからこの能ははじまる。
- This Noh play begins with MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune escaping to Saigoku (the western part of Japan [a region including Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki]) because he was viewed with suspicion by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo after subduing the Taira clan.
- たまたま通りかかった人が意休の死体を発見するが、助六はその通行人の提灯を切り落とす。
- When the people happen to pass and find Ikyu's body, Sukeroku cuts the paper lantern that passerby holds.
- すなわち落語のもっとも基礎的構成要素は、これらの台本を含めた「言葉」であるといえる。
- For this reason the most basic component of rakugo can be said to be the spoken words, rather than any physical element.
- 大変信心深く、治安 (日本)4年(1024年)3月に落飾、入道一品宮などと称された。
- She was so religious that she took the tonsure in April 1024; she was referred to as Nyudo Ippon no miya.
- その子定政は母方の祖父である菅沼定広を頼って三河国設楽郡へ落ち延び、そこで成長した。
- His son Sadamasa fled to Shitara county, Mikawa Province and grew up there, supported by Sadahiro SUGANUMA, the maternal grandfather of him.
- これら平家の落武者およびその家族、使用人等の隠れ里と伝わる地を「平家谷」と通称する。
- These so-called hiding villages for the surviving Heike fighters, their families and retainers are commonly called 'Heike-dani (villages of Heike fugitives).'
- この裏切りによって支えきれなくなった元忠は8月1日に討死し、伏見城はようやく落城した。
- Mototada, who was cornered by this betrayal, died in battle on August 1 and Fushimi-jo Castle was finally surrendered.
- そして永禄7年(1564年)には長慶自身も没してしまい、三好氏は没落の色を一層深めた。
- In 1564, Nagayoshi himself died, yet another omen to the decline of the Miyoshi clan.
- 倭軍は釜山浦・薺浦の僉使営を陥落させ、釜山浦では辺将を討取り、薺浦では生け捕りにする。
- The Japanese Army gained the control of senshiei (branch offices of the military) at Pusanpo and Seiho, and they defeated the hensho of Pusanpo and captured the hensho of Seiho alive.
- そういった背景から、この集落の建築や生活様式はいろいろな地方の影響を受けたといわれる。
- It is said that, due to the reason as mentioned above, the architecture and lifestyle of this village were influenced by those of various regions.
- 集落名では、三方町黒田が若狭町東黒田に、上中町黒田が若狭町上黒田にそれぞれ変更された。
- Some area names have been changed: from Kuroda Mikata-cho to Higashi-kuroda Wakasa-cho, and from Kuroda Kaminaka-cho to Kami-kuroda Wakasa-cho.
- 両軍は12日頃から円明寺川を挟んで対峙し、その前夜に高山隊が山崎の集落を占拠していた。
- The two camps confronted each other from about June 12 with the Enmyoji-gawa River between them; on the night before, Takayama's corps had occupied Yamazaki hamlets.
- 大滝集落(高野町) ― 水ヶ峯(野迫川村) ― 高野龍神スカイライン(国道371号線)
- Otaki Village (Koya-cho) - Mizugamine (Nosegawa Village) - Koya Ryujin Skyline (National Highway 371)
- その後、後醍醐天皇の反撃によって京都を追われた尊氏らは九州に落ち、少弐氏に迎えられる。
- Then, Takauji was driven out from Kyoto to Kyushu as a result of the counter offensive by the Emperor Godaigo's forces, and in Kyushu, he was taken in by the Shoni clan.
- だが、豊臣秀吉軍が城を囲む中、明智秀満自身が天守に火を放ち光秀の妻子もろとも落城した。
- Surrounded by the army of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Hidemitsu AKECHI set a fire on the tenshu by himself and killed himself and Mitsuhide's wife and children.
- 日本において中世から近世の時代に、農村部などで商品生産の発展に伴って発生した町・集落。
- It was a town or settlement developed as commodity production grew in rural communities such as a farming village from the Medieval period to early Modern period in Japan.
- しかし、大多数の地侍は、侍身分でありながら村落に在住し、村落の指導者としてあり続けた。
- However, the majority of Ji-zamurai stayed in their villages being leaders there despite their position as samurai.
- 村落には指導的な立場として村役人・庄屋がおかれ、旧名主層がその役に就くことも多かった。
- Villages were given administrative leaders during the Edo period, called murayakunin (village officers) or shoya (the village head), and these positions were often assumed by former myoshu.
- このうち特に重要なのは言葉と仕草であり、これが落語という芸の根幹を成しているといえる。
- Words and gestures are the most significant, and they can be said to be the essence of the rakugo performance.
- そのため、京都市民の今上天皇の即位の礼の場所に対する落胆ぶりには甚だしいものがあった。
- Therefore, people of Kyoto City were deeply disappointed with the location of the present Emperor's Sokui no rei.
- 万延元年(1860年)に幽閉中の夫・斉昭が死去すると、直ちに落飾、「貞芳院」と名乗る。
- In 1860, once her husband, Nariaki died under confinement, she became a Buddhist nun and called herself as 'Teihoin.'
- 正治は畠山家重臣で烏帽子形城城主であったが畠山氏没落に伴い、烏帽子形城を失い没落した。
- Although Masaharu was a senior vassal of the Hatakeyama family and a lord of Eboshigata-jo Castle, due to the fall of the Hatayama clan, he lost the Castle, which eventually led to his downfall.
- 室町時代は一般的に旧勢力の没落と新勢力の興隆の時代として捉えることができる(→下克上)。
- The Muromachi period can also be perceived, in general, as an era in which the ancient bastions of power collapsed and new powers rose to prosperity (via gekokujo, the phenomenon of 'the lower overthrowing the higher').
- 落ち武者は薄の穂にも怖ずという慣用句は怖いと思うと何にでも恐怖を感じるという意味である。
- An idiomatic phrase 'ochimusha are afraid of even a head of silver grass' means that you are afraid of anything when you are scared.
- 江戸時代になっても、太閤検地による村落支配体制はほぼそのまま継承され、村請制がとられた。
- The control system of villages based on the Taiko kenchi and the murauke system was continued throughout the Edo period.
- 庶民が慣れ親しんだ講談や落語などでは「元亀天正の頃」といった表現のほうが一般的であった。
- In kodan (art of public storytelling) and rakugo (traditional comic storytelling), which were popular among the general public, the expression 'the periods of Genki, Tensho' was common.
- やがて、主家世田谷吉良氏やさらにその主家である後北条氏が豊臣秀吉に攻められると没落した。
- Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI attacked the Setagaya-Kira clan and the Gohojo clan, its master house, which incident led to the downfall of the Kitami clan.
- 大股集落から急坂を登り、萱小屋(かやごや)跡と呼ばれる廃屋跡を通り過ぎて、尾根を目指す。
- In this section, from Omata Village the road ascends a steep slope, passes through a ruin of an old house called 'Kaya-goya-ato,' and goes to the ridge.
- 6月5日 宮津湾で駆逐艦「初霜 (初春型駆逐艦)」を標的とした夜間爆撃訓練中、1機墜落。
- June 5: One plane crashed during night training using the destroyer Hatsushimo (Hatsuharu type destroyer) as the target in the Miyazu Bay.
- 1980年10月、部落解放同盟京都府連合会と部落問題研究所がこの提案を容れることを決定。
- In October 1980, the Buraku Liberation League, Kyoto Federation and The Institute of Buraku Problem decided to accept the offer.
- 明治初期の急激な欧化の結果、従来の美術作品は価値を落とし作家も需要を失って窮乏していた。
- As a result of a rapid Europeanization in the early Meiji period, conventional artworks were depreciated, and artists also lived in poverty because of lost demand.
- 古典落語のうち、滑稽を中心とし、噺の最後に落ちまたはサゲのあるものを「落とし噺」という。
- Within classical rakugo, stories characterized by their comic content and punchlines called 'ochi' or 'sage' are categorized as otoshi-banashi.
- 落語演目の分類にはいくつかの方法があり、それによって立てられる種類や区分も異なってくる。
- There are several methods of classifying rakugo, each of the methods categorizing and dividing performances in a different way.
- 落語(らくご)は、近世期の日本において成立し、現在まで伝承されている伝統的な話芸の一種。
- Rakugo is a traditional Japanese narrative art handed down through the generations that was established in early modern times.
- 一つ目の鍛冶神、天目一箇神(あめのまひとつのかみ)の零落した姿であるとも考えられている。
- Someone says that it is Ame no Mahitotsu no Kami, the one-eyed god of smith, who ruined himself.
- タバコが燃え尽きて煙が出なくなったら、煙草盆の灰吹きのふちを軽く叩くなどして灰を落とす。
- Remove ashes by tapping the kiseru lightly on the edge of haifuki (tobacco ash receptacle) when the tobacco burns out and smoking is stopped.
- 狂言、浄瑠璃、歌舞伎、浮世草子、落語、川柳などに関する彼の素養が、篇中に生かされている。
- His talent in kyogen, joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a shamisen accompaniment), kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors), ukiyozoshi (books of the floating world), rakugo (traditional comic storytelling) and senryu (humorous or ironical haiku (poems made of five-seven-five syllables) verses) is utilized in the books.
- 脱落者については最初から描かれていなかったとする説と伝本の過程で失われたとする説がある。
- There are two widely held explanations regarding the missing ministers: that they were never actually painted, and that their portraits were lost in the process of transcribing the book.
- 明徳元年(1390年)の土岐氏惣領は、土岐康行の乱を起こすも将軍義満の追討を受けて没落。
- Although the head of the Toki clan, Yasuyuki TOKI, staged a rebellion against bukufu in 1390, his army was searched and suppressed by Shogun Yoshimitsu and the power of Toki clan declined.
- この処置に不満な康行は挙兵に追い込まれて、幕府軍の討伐を受けて没落した(土岐康行の乱)。
- Feeling dissatisfied with this treatment, Yasuyuki was driven to raise an army, but his army was suppressed and ruined by the army of bakufu (Yasuyuki TOKI's rebellion).
- これらにより、御家人層の没落が進行し、没落した御家人の中には御内人になる者もあらわれる。
- As a result, the gokein class was ruined to the extent that some were reduced to being Miuchibito.
- 広庇、落間は、いやしいものが高貴な身分のものにちかづくとき、その身分差を表すためにあった。
- The ochima and hirobisashi had the purpose of demonstrating birth class difference to lower class people who were not welcomed.
- 上平屋から園部町へ向かう京都府道19号園部平屋線(京都府道19号線)沿道にある最初の集落。
- Shimohiraya is the first community found along the Sonobe Hiraya Line of Kyoto Prefectural Route 19 when driving along the road from Kamihiraya to Sonobe-cho.
- しかし、士農工商の言葉は部落差別を連想させるとして、現在は放送禁止用語として扱われている。
- The term shi-no-ko-sho is currently a word which is prohibited on radio and television because the term has been associated with buraku-sabetsu (contemporary discrimination against burakumin (people who come from or live in special hamlets)).
- 中世の被差別民や近現代日本の被差別部落の直接的な起源であるとする説が存在するが議論がある。
- There is a theory that the origin of discrimination during the medieval period, as well as those living in special hamlets in modern Japan, lies in goshiki no sen; however, this fact is often debated.
- 単に落人と言った場合、治承・寿永の乱に敗れた伊勢平氏の郎党およびその末裔を指すことが多い。
- When the term of ochudo is used with no additional explanation, it mostly means roto (retainers) of the Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) defeated in Jisho-Juei War and their descendants.
- これを聞いた三五郎は、女房の兄なら自分の兄と、改めて弥助に挨拶し、家に落ち着くこととなる。
- Knowing that, Sangoro says that his wife's brother is his brother and bows down to Yasuke, then the family decides to stay in Yasuke's row house.
- 食べ終わった後は下から一枚だけめくり返して、粉などが落ちないように注意して懐や袂にしまう。
- Once they finish eating the sweets, they turn over only one piece of kaishi and put the rest of the kaishi into the inside of the front flap of kimono or a sleeve of kimono, being careful not to spill powder of the sweets.
- 落語「一目あがり」で「賛→詩→語(悟)ときて(ロクがなくて)七福神」になるネタのはじまり。
- In a rakugo entitled 'Hitome agari' (Stepping up One by One), the story progresses as follows: '賛 san (meaning praise, and pronounced the same as 3) =>詩 shi (poem, 4)=>語(悟) go (saying or enlightenment, 5), and skip roku (6) and get to Shichifukujin (Seven Deities of Good Luck), which turns out to be the base material of stories.
- 5月7日、足利高氏は佐々木道誉や赤松則村らと呼応して六波羅探題を攻め落とし、京都を制圧した。
- On May 7, Takauji ASHIKAGA defeated Rokuhara Tandai in cooperation with Doyo SASAKI, Norimura AKAMATSU and the like, and conquered Kyoto.
- 峠のすぐ南西側の枚方市内に枚方バイパスに沿って「高野道」という地名(かつての集落名)がある。
- In Hirakata City, which is southwest of the pass, along the Hirakata Bypass is the area called 'Koyamichi' (the name of a former settlement).
- 1993年(平成5年)、この集落全体が、文化庁の「重要伝統的建造物群保存地区」に選定された。
- In 1993, this entire village was designated as a Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings by the Agency for Cultural Affairs.
- かやぶきの里・北村は、京都府南丹市美山町北(旧北桑田郡美山町 (京都府))にある集落のこと。
- Kayabuki no sato Kitamura is a village located in Miyama-cho Kita, Nantan City, Kyoto Prefecture (formerly Miyama-cho, Kita-Kuwada-gun).
- 今津のザゼンソウ群落(いまづのざぜんそうぐんらく)は、滋賀県高島市にあるザゼンソウの群生地。
- The skunk cabbage community of Imazu is a habitat for the plant located in Takashima City, Shiga Prefecture.
- 長州奇兵隊を結成した高杉晋作は「太平の世で堕落した武士より戦力になる」と考えていたとされる。
- Shinsaku TAKASUGI who organized the Choshu militia (Choshu Kiheitai) is said to have thought that his soldiers were superior to the samurai who had been corrupted in time of peace.
- しかし度を越した収奪が行われれば没落する農民が現れ富の寡占が進んで富農が出現するはずである。
- However, under extreme exploitation, some farmers would become ruined, which should lead to the concentration of wealth and the emergence of wealthy farmers.
- 島津義弘が救援に向かうが、根白坂の戦いで島津忠隣が戦死するなどの大敗を喫し、高城は陥落する。
- Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, who went to the rescue, suffered a crushing defeat and lost Tadachika SHIMAZU in the battle of Nejirozaka, and Taka-jo Castle was seized by Hidenaga.
- 棚田の維持・管理は丸山集落住民による千枚田保存会と財団法人紀和町ふるさと公社が関わっている。
- Senmaida hozonkai organized by the residents of Maruyama Village and Kiwa Furusato Kosha are engaged in maintenance and management of Tanada.
- また、建武新政期の『二条河原落書』の原型となるような戯れ歌が既にみられることも注目に価する。
- It is remarkable that humorous songs which would later be models of 'Nijo Kawara Rakusho' (the Lampoon at Nijo river beach) in Kenmu Restoration period were already contained.
- 3月下旬に入ると豊臣秀長が日向に侵攻し、3月29日には日向北部の要衝である松尾城が陥落した。
- In the end of April, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI invaded Hyuga, and on May 6, he took control of Matsuo-jo Castle, which was a key strategic point in northern Hyuga.
- また、荘民が結合して惣村などの村落共同体が形成されて荘園領主側との対立を起こすこともあった。
- Moreover, people living in shoen might be united to create a village community, such as soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association), and confront the lord of the manor's side.
- 残党の追捕から逃れた者が落人となって各地に潜んだことから様々な伝承が伝えられるようになった。
- As the remnants of the Taira family who escaped from pursuers hid themselves in many places as Ochudo, various oral traditions were born and have been passed down.
- しかしこの金春札は、維新後の混乱で価値を失い、金春家が経済的に没落する原因の一つともなった。
- However, these Konparu bills became worthless during the chaotic situation after the Meiji Restoration, and became one of the reasons behind the Konparu family's economic downfall.
- だが、一方、歴史の歯車は織田信長の台頭、武田家没落という運命に向かって大きく回り始めていた。
- On the other hand, the wheel of fate began to spin in favour of the rising Nobunaga ODA, to the decline of the Takeda family.
- ウメ(梅、学名:Prunus mume)は、バラ科サクラ属の落葉高木、またはその果実のこと。
- Japanese plum (technical name: Prunus Mume) refers to a deciduous tall tree of Rosaceae Prunusor or its fruits.
- また、貨幣経済が浸透し、多くの御家人が経済的に没落し、凡下と呼ばれる商人階層から借財を重ねた。
- Moreover, a money-based economy had begun to proliferate, which led to the financial ruin of many gokenin as they fell deeply into debt with members of the merchant class, looked down upon as Bonge ('commoners').
- ふもとの集落にとっての小辺路は、物資集散地であった高野山への幹線道路として重要なものであった。
- Kohechi was important for villages at the foot of the mountain as a main road to Mt. Koya which was a market of the commodities.
- 向かって右手が築城当初からの「ごぼう積み」、左手が新たに積み直された「落し積み」となっている。
- The stones in the stone wall on the observer's right were piled up by the method of original 'gobozumi', and stones on the left were newly piled up with the method of 'otoshizumi' (a method of piling up stone wall, putting rectangular stone on the angle for leaning over on the next stone).
- 広瀬裕則が立石・地蔵の両峠を守る軍勢を急遽呼び戻し、坂落としにて大内軍を蹴散らそうと提言した。
- Yasunori HIROSE offered an idea that they should call back the armies in garrison on Tateishi-toge pass and Jizo-toge pass in haste and make the horsemen swoop down from the mountain onto the Ouchi army to put them to rout.
- 先頭に立って陣頭指揮をとった氏直は、矢が馬に当たり転落し、徒歩で戦ったが、矢疵を受けて倒れた。
- Ujinao was at the front and commanded the army, but when an arrow shot his horse, he fell from the horse and fought on foot, then collapsed from an arrow wound.
- 惣村(そうそん)は、中世日本における百姓の自治的・地縁的結合による共同組織(村落形態)を指す。
- A soson meant a community (in the form of a village) organized through autonomous, territorial connections among peasants in medieval Japan.
- このような落人の子孫を主張する村は全国で132箇所もありその殆どが信憑性に欠けると考えられる。
- Though 132 villages throughout the nation insist that their residents are the descendants of Ochudo, almost all of their arguments are considered to be incredible.
- 平家の正当血縁者が落ち延びたとされ苗字から平家の者であることを悟られぬよう苗字を『伴』とした。
- It is believed that legitimate relatives of the Taira family escaped to this place and used the surname 'Ban' to conceal the fact that they were the relatives of the Taira clan.
- 一説では一番小さな魚料理のどじょう鍋に対しての洒落から一番大きな魚の鯨汁を提供したといわれた。
- According to a theory, it is said that, in contrast to the Dojo-nabe based on the smallest fish, Kujira-jiru based on the biggest fish was served for amusement.
- とくに落花生のものは、沖縄県ではジーマーミ豆腐(じーまーみどうふ)と呼び、一般的な食品である。
- Especially, tofu made with peanuts is a common food in Okinawa Prefecture and it is called 'jimami-dofu.'
- また、中国では秦時代の『山海経』という書物のなかに、フグを食べると命を落とすという記述がある。
- Also, in China, there is a statement in Sengaikyo (oldest book on the geography of China) from the Qin dynasty, saying that if one eats pufferfish, he or she will die.
- 一般的な作り方は頭を落とし内臓を取って三枚下ろしにした魚を塩に一晩程度浸け、そのあと酢で洗う。
- The most common way to make the kizushi is, to cut the head off, clean and fillet the fish, which is pickled in salt for about one night and then rinsed in vinegar.
- この年の初め、足利尊氏は新田義貞・楠木正成・北畠顕家らに敗れて京都を追われ九州へ落ち延びていた。
- At the beginning of 1336, Takauji ASHIKAGA was defeated by Yoshisada NITTA, Masashige KUSUNOKI and Akiie KITABATAKE before being driven back to Kyoto and fleeing to Kyushu.
- なにはともあれ、信長・秀吉時代に落ちぶれた柳生氏は、家康時代に再び世に出ることとなったのである。
- Therefore, the Yagyu clan that declined once in the period of Nobunaga and Hideyoshi resurrected in the world in the period of Ieyasu.
- 湯河氏は直春の子光春(勝春)が三千石を安堵された一方で、山本・貴志・目良・山地玉置氏は没落した。
- While Mitsuharu (Katsuharu), a son of Naoharu, of the Yukawa clan was approved 3,000 koku, the Yamamoto, Kishi, Mera and Sanji Tamaki clans fell.
- 年が明けた翌慶長3年(1598年)1月になると蔚山城は飢餓により落城寸前まで追いつめられていた。
- During February the following year (1598), Ulsan Castle was run down to just about to fall because of starvation.
- 落人(おちゅうど、おちうど)は、戦闘に敗れて僻地に隠遁したもの、およびその末裔を指す言葉である。
- Ochudo (or ochiudo) indicates persons who were defeated in a fight and escaped to and lived in a remote rural area or the person's descendants.
- それは一概に間違いではないが、口伝を基本としている平家の落人伝承が誤って認識される素ともなった。
- Though the above practice is not necessarily wrong, it sometimes gave rise to cases where oral traditions of Heike no Ochudo were mistakenly understood since they have been passed down orally.
- 地下請(じげうけ)とは、中世日本の村落が、荘園・国衙領への年貢徴収を領主から請け負っていた制度。
- Jigeuke was a system in which village communities of medieval Japan undertook the task of feudal lords to collect nengu (land tax) to be paid to shoen (manor in medieval Japan) or Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office).
- 江戸時代から明治ごろまでに原型が成立し、戦前までの時期に演出が確立した演目を「古典落語」とする。
- Classical rakugo refers to those performances which were established in some form between the Edo and Meiji periods, and which were staged World War Ⅱ.
- 落語は寄席(よせ)と呼ばれる常設館で演じられることが多いが、近年は若手による小さなライブもある。
- Mostly, rakugo has been performed at yose (storytellers' halls), but in recent years small live rakugo performances by young comic storytellers have also appeared.
- 一方、明徳の乱に幕府方として参戦した満貞は、卑怯な振る舞いがあったとして尾張守護を解任され没落。
- On the other hand, Mitsusada, who participated in the Meitoku War on the Shogunate side, was dissmissed from Owari no Shugo (provincial constable of Owari Province) because of his despicabel act, which declined his power.
- 幼くして体格も力も大人を凌いだ童子を床屋も持て余したが、床屋の仕事を教えて落ち着かせることにした。
- Even while still a young child Doji's physical stature and strength surpassed that of a grown man's, leading the barber at a loss as to how to raise him, but he decided to train him in hair-cutting, thereby hoping to calm his disposition.
- 軍記物語の『平家物語』では「門司関、壇ノ浦はたぎり落ちる汐なれば、平家の船は汐に逢って出て来たる。
- The 'Heike monogatari,' a war chronicle, records that 'Since the tides at Monjigaseki and Dannoura flowed powerfully out, the Taira ships rode the tide and sallied forth.
- この時期に群盗追討で名を馳せたのが、平高望、源経基、藤原利仁、藤原秀郷ら、没落した下級貴族である。
- During this period of time, downfallen low-ranked aristocrats such as TAIRA no Takamochi, MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto, FUJIWARA no Toshihito, and FUJIWARA no Hidesato became famous for searching for and killing thieves.
- 全体に絵具の剥落・退色が目立つが、現存遺品の少ない平安時代前期、9世紀の仏教絵画の大作として貴重。
- In whole, peeling off and fading of pigment is noticeable, but they are very precious as big pieces of Buddhist painting in the early Heian period, ninth century, for which the number of existing relics is small.
- 春には西南尾根にフクジュソウ(福寿草)の群落が見られ、夏から秋には山頂一帯にトリカブトが多く咲く。
- In spring, 'Fukuju-so' (Adonis ramosa) bloom in clusters in the southwestern ridge, and aconite flowers bloom in large numbers on the mountaintop from summer to autumn.
- 小辺路の最後の峠である果無峠へは、かつて渡しや宿場があった柳本(やぎもと)の集落近くからとり付く。
- The road goes through near the village of Yagimoto which once had ferries and inns, and leads to the last pass on Kohechi, Hatenashi Pass.
- しかし、棚田は山の上と下で農作業時期が微妙に違うため、平地の集落に比べて農業機械の共有化がし易い。
- In the case of Tanada, however, the timing of farm operations differs slightly between the upper part and the lower part of a mountain, so it is easier to share agricultural machines than in lowland villages.
- まず畿内・近畿周辺において、耕地から住居が分離して住宅同士が集合する村落が次第に形成されていった。
- First, villages in which residences separated from cultivated lands gathered together gradually formed in parts of the Kinai region (the provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) and around the Kinki region.
- また、中世は身分の流動性が非常に高く、五色の賤や近世部落のような固定化された世襲階級ではなかった。
- Furthermore, during the medieval period, social status was highly mobile, and these people were not confined within fixed hereditary classes, such as the five lowly castes of the ritsuryo system and buraku (communities of discriminated people) in the early-modern times.
- こうして伊勢に旅立った者は、伊勢滞在時に大抵、自分達の集落を担当している御師のお世話になっていた。
- Those who set out for Ise against such a background usually stayed with onshi who covered the pilgrim's village, during his/her stay in Ise.
- 赤松氏範が約20騎を率いて身を呈して親王を護ったため、なんとか奈良に落ち延び、その後は不明である。
- Ujinori AKAMATSU led about twenty solders to save the Imperial Prince; the Imperial Prince barely escaped to Nara, and nothing was known about him after that.
- 応永2年(1395年)剃髪して僧侶になり九州の筑紫まで落ち延びていた満幸も捕らえられて京で斬られた。
- In 1395, Mitsuyuki, who had become a priest and managed to escape to Tsukushi in Kyushu, was captured and killed in Kyoto.
- 東北・関東・九州ではより広い荘園・公領単位でのゆるやかな村落が形成され、これを郷村と呼ぶこともある。
- In the Tohoku, Kanto, and Kyushu regions, the villages were loosely formed as a wider unit of shoen and koryo and they were sometimes called goson (autonomous village).
- 「下剋上する成出者」と二条河原の落書に唄われ戦国時代 (日本)の社会的風潮を象徴する言葉ともされる。
- The term also appeared in the phrase 'Those who establish themselves by gekokujo (overthrowing their lords)' in the book 'Scrawlings from the Nijo gawara,' coming to be used as a symbol of the social tendencies of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) in Japan.
- 勝頼を追う織田信忠は高遠城陥落の翌日、本陣を諏訪に進め、武田氏の庇護下にあった諏訪大社を焼き払った。
- To pursue Katsuyori, Nobutada ODA moved his army to Suwa on the day after the fall of Takato-jo Castle and burned down Suwa-taisha Shrine, which was under the protection of the Takeda clan.
- その内容によると、熊谷直実に討たれたとされる平敦盛が実は生きて庄原に落ち延びたという話になっている。
- According to that song, Taira no Atsumori, who is generally considered to have been killed by Naozane KUMAGAI, survived in reality and escaped to Shobara.
- 清和源氏の嫡流である源頼光は、丹波国大江山に住み着いた鬼、酒呑童子の首をこの刀で切り落としたという。
- It is said that MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu who is a direct descendant of the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) cut off with this sword the head of Shuten Doji, a devil who lived in Mt. Oe in Tanba Province.
- 維新後、十世宗家進藤信啓が零落し、後嗣を含めた多くの役者が家芸を廃したため、明治初年に流儀が絶えた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, since the 10th generation head Nobuhiro (信啓) SHINDO ruined the family, many performers including his successors stopped performances in this school style, and the school eventually became extinct in 1868.
- また現在の神社神道も、格式や儀式や「人格神(尊・みこと)」に重きをおいて、様々なものをそぎ落とした。
- Modern Shrine Shinto, which places importance on formality, ceremonies, and 'humanized divinity (divine prince)' has also abandoned many old beliefs.
- 道中の二人は、狂歌・駄洒落・冗談をかわし合い、いたずらを働き失敗を繰り返し、行く先々で騒ぎを起こす。
- Along the journey, the two of them compose kyogen verses (satirical tanka (poem consisting of thirty-one syllables) verses) and create puns and jokes, play pranks, repeatedly making mistakes and creating a riot wherever they go.
- 操り人形に過ぎなくなった頼芸は天文 (元号)21年(1552年)頃に追放され、美濃土岐氏は没落した。
- Being a mere figurehead of the clan, Yorinari was expelled from Mino around 1552 and the power of Toki clan in Mino Province declined.
- 高氏の嫡子千寿王(足利義詮)が合流すると関東の御家人が雪崩を打って倒幕軍に寝返り、鎌倉を陥落させる。
- When Prince Senju (Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA), the legitimate child of Takauji, joined his father, a large number of gokenin vassals from the Kanto region suddenly joined the anti-Shogunate army, and this led to the fall of the Kamakura shogunate.
- 今後、クウェートの首長位はジャービル系が独占し、サリーム系は凋落の道をたどるであろうと予測されている。
- In the future, the post of Chief is expected to be monopolized by the Jabir line and it is predicted that the Salim line will decline.
- それまで支配者の立場であった武士層・貴族層が没落しだし、代って文化面でも戦国大名、町民が台頭してきた。
- The class of bushi and aristocrats, who were the rulers fell and the sengoku daimyo (daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku Period) and town folks rose to take the place of leading cultural aspects instead.
- 1949年に大原村は京都市左京区に編入され、13の集落はそれぞれ「大原○○町」と呼ばれる小字となった。
- In 1949, Ohara Village was incorporated into Kyoto City's Sakyo Ward, and the 13 settlements were each designated koaza (small administrative unit of a village) named 'Ohara XX-cho.'
- さらに季節によっては落石があったり、落ち葉や雪が積もっていたりして、大変走行しにくい道路となっている。
- Besides, having rock fall, fallen leaves, and snowfall in some seasons, the road is extremely difficult to be traveled.
- 三重県尾鷲市で遺産登録地域の地権者が抗議の意を込めて参道の樹木などに落書きをしており問題になっている。
- In Owase City, Mie Prefecture, the land owners of the area which is registered as world heritage protested against the registration and drew graffiti on the trees of sando (an approach to the temple).
- 河合集落の少し北、北山川筋に日帰り入浴施設「薬師湯」があり、隣に「ふれあいの郷ホテルかみきた」がある。
- There is a day visit spa 'Yakushiyu hot spring' along the Kitayama-gawa River, a little north of Kawai village, and next to the spa, there is a 'Fureainosato Hotel Kamikita'.
- 貞和元年8月29日 (旧暦)(1345年9月25日)には、後醍醐天皇七回忌にあわせて落慶供養を迎えた。
- The dedication ceremony was held on October 3, 1345 in accordance with the Emperor Godaigo's sixth anniversary of his death.
- 全1巻(ただし、現存する古写本及び『続群書類従』に採録されたものには冒頭部分と中途部分に欠落がある)。
- One volume (however, some portions are missing from the top and middle parts of the remaining old manuscript and the one that was compiled in 'Zoku Gunsho Ruiju').
- 上方落語では噺の途中にはめものとして下座の音曲が利用されることがふつうであり、この点が東京とは異なる。
- In Kamigata rakugo (from the Kyoto and Osaka area), it is usual to include the music of a geza (background musician) in every genre of rakugo as the hamemono (musical accompaniment for stage effect) during the storytelling, but in Tokyo (Edo rakugo) it is not.
- 「あつもり」(『蒸篭に入れて蒸した麺』、または『敦盛と「厚盛り・熱いもり」を掛けた洒落』)である蕎麦。
- The name 'atsumori' is a pun, meaning; 'noodles steamed in a steamer,' 'thick pile' or 'hot mori-soba.'
- 円形の土俵に入り、最初はやや離れて立ち、互いに顔を見合わせ、腰を落とし、仕切り線に拳をついて準備する。
- Two wrestlers stand facing each other with a short distance between them on a circle-shaped dohyo, and they bend their knees until they can touch the starting line with their fists.
- 結城合戦の落武者里見義実は、落ち延びた安房で、滝田城主神余光弘を殺した逆臣山下定包を討って城主となる。
- Yoshizane SATOMI, a warrior who survived the Yuki War, fled to Awa, where he became the lord of Takita-jo Castle after defeating Sadakane YAMASHITA, Gyakushin (rebellious subject) who had killed the former lord, Mitsuhiro JINYO.
- 世の中が落ち着いたため、巡礼の目的は来世の救済から現世利益が中心となり、観光の目的も含むようになった。
- As the world became settled, the pilgrimage came to be aimed mainly to gain benefit in this world instead of salvation in the afterlife, and also came to contain the purpose of sightseeing.
- 一方、北朝方についた一族の新田岩松氏に上野国の新田荘が与えられ、義宗の落胤を称した岩松満純が入嗣する。
- Nitta no sho estate, Kozuke Province, and Mitsuzumi IWAMATSU who was an illegitimate child of Yoshimune succeeded to the family estate.
- なお、嫡流は武田豊信の子・氏信が生存し、庁南城落城の後家臣団に守られて近隣に移住、郷士として土着した。
- Incidentally, Toyobu TAKEDA's son Ujinobu of the main family survived, moved to a neighboring village after the fall of Chonan-jo Castle while being protected by vassals and settled there as goshi (country samurai).
- 平安時代末期、義清は源義仲に属し、都から追い落とした平家軍との戦である備中国水島の戦いで戦死している。
- At the end of Heian period, Yoshikiyo was affiliated with MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, and Yoshikiyo died in the Battle of Mizushima, in Bicchu Province, the battle against the Taira clan fled from the capital.
- そして7月、平宗盛を中心とする平氏一門は、安徳天皇や三種の神器を保持しながら都落ちして西国に逃れていく。
- In July, members of the Taira clan, with TAIRA no Munemori as their leader, took Emperor Antoku and the Three Sacred Treasures with them when they left Kyoto to escape westward.
- しかし朝鮮王朝は講和に応じず、4月19日朝鮮王朝軍は薺浦へ攻撃をかけ、薺浦は陥落、倭軍は対馬へ撤退する。
- However, the Korean Dynasty refused his proposal for the negotiations, and on April 19, the Korean Dynasty Army attacked Seiho and succeeded in obtaining it, so the Japanese Army had to retreat to Tsushima.
- 峠の標高が低いこともあり、福井県京都府の両側ともすぐ近くに集落があり、あまり峠らしい様相は呈していない。
- As its altitude is low and there are villages near the pass both on Fukui Prefecture side and on Kyoto Prefecture side, it doesn't look like a normal pass of country hill.
- これは下方の七色集落の人が茶屋を出した跡だと言われ、峠から八丁の距離にあることから八丁茶屋とも呼ばれた。
- It is said that this was a remain of a teahouse built by villagers of Nanairo Village down the mountain and also called Haccho-jaya Teahouse because it was haccho (about 872 meters) away from the pass.
- 官奴婢には古来からのものと犯罪によって落とされた二種類があり、それぞれ60歳・76歳で良民に復帰できた。
- Kunuhi were subdivided into two types; those who inherited this status and those who had been reduced due to a penalty for a criminal act, both of which were pardoned to return to the Ryomin when they became 60 years old and 76 years old, respectively.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)の全国的な動乱を経て、畿内に発生した村落という新たな結合形態は各地へ拡大していった。
- Through nationwide wars in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), a new style of connection called a village, which appeared in the Kinai region, spread to other regions.
- 自検断(じけんだん)とは、中世日本の村落(惣村・郷村など)が、自ら検断(けんだん)を実施することをいう。
- Jikendan (voluntary ruling and judging) refers to rural communities in medieval Japan such as soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) and goson (autonomous village) that conduct a kendan (trial) by themselves.
- また、源平合戦そのものも伊勢平氏と源氏を担いだ坂東平氏の争いであることから平家の落人=平氏とは言えない。
- Further, since the nature of the Genpei War was the feud between Ise-Heishi and Bando-Heishi, which sided with the Genji clan, Heike no Ochudo cannot be identified with the Taira clan.
- すると鐘は音を立てて落ち、祈祷によって持ち上がった鐘の中から現れたのは白拍子が蛇体に変化した姿であった。
- Then the bell falls with a loud crash, and when the bell is lifted by prayer Shirabyoshi appears in the form of a snake.
- 源平合戦後の源義経の都落ちをきっかけに、平家の武将の復讐とそれに巻き込まれた者たちの喜悲こもごもを描く。
- It describes the revenge by a busho (Japanese military commander) of the Taira family and the people involved in it as well as their happiness and sadness, starting from the exile of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune from the capital after the Genpei War.
- 源五兵衛は実は不破数右衛門という元塩冶家家臣であったが、盗賊に御用金を盗まれた落度によって浪人している。
- Gengobe is in fact Kazuemon FUWA, he had been a retainer of the Enya family; however, since goyokin (public money), which he had been overseeing, had been stolen by thieves, he was banished and became a ronin.
- 商品は弁当中心でエスニック系のものが多く、清潔感と洒落た雰囲気で、女性客も気軽に買える内容となっている。
- Neo Yatai products: The main item is the bento (lunch box), followed by assorted ethic foods; these mobile stalls share a cleaner environment and contemporary atmosphere; so, these mobile stalls generate more female traffic to their sites.
- 陵号の由来になったとされる古井戸の「御陰井」が陵南の集落中にあり、陵と共に宮内庁によって管理されている。
- The old well 'mihotonoi', which is considered to be the origin of the title of this misasagi, is located in the town of the south of misasagi,and that well is managed by the Imperial Household Agency with misasagi.
- 頼之は義満の信任は厚かったものの、天授 (日本)5年/康暦元年(1379年)の康暦の政変で一旦没落する。
- Although Yoriyuki gained the confidence of Yoshimitsu, he was temporarily fallen in Koryaku Coup happened in 1379.
- 逆に追討の宣旨を出されて没落して奥州藤原氏の元へ逃れるが、文治5年(1189年)閏4月に平泉町で殺された。
- After this another Imperial decree was issued, yet this one was issued against him, commanding that Yoshitsune himself be hunted down; facing ruin, he fled to his Fujiwara ally in northern Japan, but in April, 1189, he was assassinated in the town of Hiraizumi.
- 同年2月、義経は阿波勝浦へ上陸後、在地武士を味方に引き入れて陸路屋島の平氏本陣を攻め落した(屋島の戦い)。
- In February, Yoshitsune landed at Kastuura in Awa Province and drew the local bushi to his side and defeated the Taira clan stronghold at Yashima (the Battle of Yashima).
- 大軍を見て平氏軍からは脱落者が相次ぎ、目立った交戦もないまま平氏軍は敗走することとなった(富士川の戦い)。
- Seeing the large force they faced, many troops defected from the Taira clan forces and the battle ended with no serious engagements and the Taira clan forces fleeing the site (The Battle of Fuji-gawa River).
- 勢いを増した宮方(南朝方)の軍勢は博多を攻め、少弐氏の本拠大宰府を襲撃して陥落させ、少弐貞経を自害させる。
- Gaining momentum, the Imperial forces (the Southern Court side, or Yoshino Imperial court) advanced to attack Hakata, and captured Dazaifu, the headquarters of the Shoni clan, forcing Sadatsune SHONI to commit suicide.
- 甲斐国では甲斐源氏の流れを汲む武田氏が上杉禅秀の乱に荷担して没落し戦国時代に至るまで抗争状態が続いていた。
- In the Kai Province, the Takeda clan, that were descended from Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan in Kai) took sides with Zenshu UESUGI's disturbance and fell down, and struggled with situations until the sengoku period.
- また、陰陽道や古神道の一つといわれるいざなぎ流が伝わる地域としても有名なほか、平家の落人伝説も残っている。
- It is also known for keeping tradition of Izanagi-ryu, a form of Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) and/or Koshinto (as practiced prior to the introduction of Confucianism and Buddhism to Japan), as well as folklore of fleeing Heike warriors.
- ここが落ちると尼子側は船で日本海から兵糧を運び込めず、月山富田城が孤立することに毛利側は着目したのである。
- The Mori forces noticed that if this castle surrendered, the Amago forces could not transport the supply of provisions from the Japan Sea by boat, and Gassan Toda-jo Castle would be helpless.
- 平家の落人(へいけのおちゅうど)とは、治承・寿永の乱(源平合戦)において敗北し僻地に隠遁した敗残者のこと。
- The term Heike no Ochudo means fugitives who retreated to remote regions after their defeat in the Jisho-Juei War (the Genpei War).
- 同年11月、澄元・之長らが摂津国兵庫に上陸、瓦林正頼(別名:河原林政頼)の越水城を落とす(越水城の合戦)。
- During December of the same year, Sumimoto and Yukinaga landed in Hyogo in the Settsu Province and captured Koshimizu-jo Castle, owned by Masayori KAWARABAYASHI (瓦林正頼, also known as 河原林政頼) (The Battle of Koshimizu-jo Castle).
- 田染荘の小崎地区には現在も、平安時代、鎌倉時代の集落や水田の位置がほとんど変わらずに残されているとされる。
- The locations of Heian period and Kamakura period settlements and paddy fields remain largely unchanged within the Osaki area of Tashibu Manor.
- この景色は、平安時代あるいは鎌倉時代から集落や水田の位置がほとんど変わらずに残されているものであるという。
- The locations of settlements and paddy fields have remained largely unchanged since the Heian period and Kamakura period.
- 長野県の御柱祭(諏訪の木落とし)でも御神木の先端で木遣りを唄うのは祖先がとび職であったものが世襲している。
- At Onbashira-sai Festival (log-rolling in Suwa) held in Nagano Prefecture, a person who sings kiyari at the edge of the sacred tree is a successor to his ancestor who used to be tobishoku.
- 今日でも最も観客受けするバレエのような珍妙な振り付けや縄跳びの所作や洒落は、彼によって工夫された型である。
- The funny choreography like ballet, the acting of jumping rope and jokes were the patterns devised by him.
- 正面からはちらりとしか見えない髷先などは頭から落ちかけているような状態で、髷尻もぽっちりとして短く小さい。
- The ends of the topknot, which was barely seen from the front, almost slid down the head, and the U-shaped part of the topknot was very short and compact.
- 右方(高麗楽)に属する高麗壱越調 (こまいちこつちょう)の二人舞だが、一人舞の場合は曲名を「落蹲」と言う。
- Although it is futarimai (dance in pairs) in Koma-ichikotsucho (one of Japanese chromatic scale based on Em) that belongs in uho (the right side), also known as Komagaku music, the piece is called 'Rakuson' when performed as hitorimai (solo dance).
- 義輝の代に、細川氏の没落後台頭した三好長慶と共に幕政を壟断したものの長慶と対立し失脚したため勢力を弱めた。
- During the period of Yoshiteru, they exclusively controlled the shogunate government with Nagayoshi MIYOSHI who increased in power after the decline of the Hosokawa clan, but later the Ise clan conflicted with Nagayoshi and lost their position, weakening their power.
- 江口の戦いで晴元が没落し、三好長慶が将軍足利義輝をも追放して畿内の実権を握ると、義維の将軍擁立を主張した。
- He claimed the enthronement of Yoshitsuna to shogun, when Harumoto was collapsed in the Battle of Eguchi and Nagayoshi MIYOSHI gained real power of the Kinai region by expelling Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA.
- 入洛時には数万騎だった義仲軍は、水島の戦いの敗北と状況の悪化により脱落者が続出して千騎あまりに激減していた。
- Yoshinaka's troops, that numbered several tens of thousands of samurai warriors when they went into Kyoto, had decreased dramatically down to about one thousand, because of the stream of dropouts due to the defeat at the Battle of Mizushima and the deteriorated situation.
- 未発見の原因は、大きな建物が焼け落ちた膨大な残骸の中に当時の調査能力で遺骸は見つけられないという指摘がある。
- With respect to the reason why Nobunaga's body was not found, there is a view that it was impossible with capability of search at that time to find the in large volume of wreck after a huge building was burnt down.
- その後は防衛戦を行い、ほぼ領土を守っていたものの、他の同盟藩が脱落したこともあり9月24日に開城し恭順した。
- The Shonai Domain fought a defensive war afterwards and protected most of its own territory, but on November 8, partly due to the defection of allied domains from the alliance, the domain surrendered its castle.
- 一般的ないたずらの落書きとは違い抗議が目的であるために強硬な措置は取られず話し合いにより解決する方向である。
- Since it was not a common graffiti but intended to protest, therefore, dialogue is planned to solve the problem instead of taking a forceful action.
- 城を守るのは知将・清水長左衛門尉宗治で、3000余りの兵が立てこもり、容易には攻め落とせる状況ではなかった。
- Chozaemon no jo Muneharu SHIMIZU, a resourceful man, was in charge of the castle with about 3,000 soldiers inside, which made it a difficult castle to conquer.
- そして関ヶ原の戦後処理により、豊臣氏は摂津国・河内国・和泉国の3カ国、65万石を支配する一大名へと転落した。
- The post-war reorganization degraded the Toyotomi clan down to one feudal lord who owned three Provinces, the Settsu, Kawachi and Izumi provinces, with 650,000 koku (approximately 117 million liters of crop yield).
- しかし、必ずしも武士だけが落ち延びたわけではないことから平家の落人という言われ方をすることの方が比較的多い。
- However, Heike no Ochudo is more commonly used since people other than samurai also escaped and hid themselves.
- ものを食べる:閉じた扇子を箸に見立てて、あるいは手づかみで、さまざまなものを食べる仕草が落語のなかにはある。
- Eating gestures: in rakugo there are a range of gestures to represent the act of eating something, using a folded fan like a pair of chopsticks, or moving a hand in a way that conveys the image of eating something with bare hands.
- 昭和55年(1980年)、東大寺大仏殿昭和大修理落慶法要を飾る一大プロジェクトとして、その一部が復元された。
- In 1980, a part of ancient gigaku was restored as a major project, to be showcased at the Buddhism ceremony celebrating the completion of restoring the Hall of Great Buddha at Todai-ji Temple.
- 一連の事件は山部親王の立太子を支持していた藤原式家による他戸親王追い落としの陰謀であるとの見方が有力である。
- It is generally understood that the series of incidents was a conspiracy implemented by Fujiwara Shikike (a sub branch of Fujiwara family) who supported Imperial Prince Yamanobe assuming Crown Prince.
- 但し、現在の千葉県には彼女が近江宮から落ち延び、この地で亡くなったとする伝説を伝える寺社仏閣が複数存在する。
- However, in present Chiba Prefecture, there are several of shrines and temples with the legend which Mimimotoji was believed to be dead in their premises after escaping from Omo no miya.
- 幕府滅亡時には兄の高時と行動を共にせず、兄の遺児である北条時行を逃がした後、自身も陸奥国へと落ち延びている。
- Yasuie did not join his elder brother, Takatoki, at the fall of the bakufu, and after releasing Tokiyuki HOJO, his elder brother's son, withdrew to Mutsu Province.
- いっぽうでは、二条河原落書に「此頃都ニハヤル物 夜討 強盗 謀綸旨・・・」とあるように綸旨の偽造も横行した。
- Meanwhile, forged rinji ran rampant as Nijo Kawara Rakusho (the Lampoon at Nijo Riverbed) contained information that 'what ran rampant in the city around this time was a night attack, robbery, premeditated rinji, etc.'
- 1582年(天正10年)の本能寺の変では旧領回復を狙って丹羽長秀の居城佐和山城を陥落させ明智光秀に加担する。
- In the Honnoji Incident that occurred in 1582, he sided with Mitsuhide AKECHI with the aim of regaining former territory and occupied Nagahide NIWA's Sawayama-jo Castle.
- おおむね、「渡辺綱が茨木童子の腕を切り落とすが、茨木童子は腕を取り戻しに綱の元へやってくる」というものである。
- Most, however, do include a storyline that is something along the lines of 'WATANABE no Tsuna cuts off Ibaraki Doji's arm, and so Ibaraki Doji makes his way to Tsuna's house to take back his arm.'
- 新政を批判したものとして、1334年(建武 (日本)元年)8月には新政を風刺した『二条河原の落書』が書かれる。
- In the eighth month of 1334, as a criticism of the new government, a satire of the government called 'Scribblings by the Nijo Riverbed' was published.
- また、黄砂は乾いていても簡単には落ちないうえ、泥のように固まりやすく、自動車の塗装やウィンドーを汚してしまう。
- It is difficult to remove kosa, even if it is dry, and in addition, kosa is likely to be solidified like mud, making the coating and windows of vehicles dirty.
- この集落の中を貫く街道は、いわゆる鯖街道の一つとされ、京都と若狭国の中間地であり、多くの旅人が行き来していた。
- The road running through this community was identified as what was known as one of Saba-kaido Roads situated midway between Kyoto and Wakasa Province where many travelers were seen coming and going.
- また、干拓地の北側にある宇治川堤防堤防の構造地の源内は、西日本では有数のヨシ群落であり植生の面でも貴重である。
- Additionally, Gennai, the construction site of Uji-gawa River Dike on the north side of the reclaimed land, is home for one of the greatest reed vegetation in western Japan and is also valuable in terms of plant life.
- しかしながら、この時期の小辺路にはクマザサや風倒木に道が妨げられたり崩落地があったりと、荒廃の様子が見られた。
- However, Kohechi was already ruined at that time as it blocked by striped bamboos and windfalls and some sections were collapsed.
- 1589年、奥州統一を目指す伊達政宗に摺上原の戦いで大敗した蘆名義広は常陸国に逃走し、ここに蘆名氏は没落する。
- In 1589, Yoshihiro ASHINA was soundly defeated in the Battle of Sekigahara by Masamune DATA, who strived to unify the Oshu region, and fled to Hitachi Province, bringing an end to the Ashina clan.
- 火災後、「見渡せば京も田舎となりにけり芦の仮屋の春の夕暮」と書かれた落首が市中に貼られた(『元禄宝永珍話』)。
- After the fire, there was a satirical poem posted around the city, which read: 'Looking around, I see how even the city of Kyoto was turned into countryside./A spring even-fall visits our temporary abode made of reed' ('Genroku Hoei Chinwa' (Comical Stories from the Eras of Genroku and Hoei)).
- 朝廷の威信は文字どおり地に落ち、幕府は朝廷監視のために六波羅探題を置き、朝廷に対する支配力を強めることとなる。
- The prestige of the Imperial Court was in tatters and the bakufu appointed Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) to monitor the Imperial Court and strengthened its governance over the Imperial Court.
- 波多野稙通軍も行動を開始、丹波国を出国し翌大永7年(1527年)1月28日に野田城をわずか7日間で陥落させた。
- The army of Tanemichi HATANO began their operations, left Tanmba Province, and on February 28, 1527, took control of Nodajo Castle after no longer than seven days of military action.
- 尼子側は義久の弟である尼子倫久ら10,000の軍を白鹿城の救援に送ったものの功を奏さず、10月に城は陥落した。
- The Amago side sent an army of 10,000 men including Yoshihisa's brother Tomohisa AMAGO to the relief of Shiraga-jo Castle; however it was not successful and the castle fell in October.
- 特に東日本では村落の指導的立場を名主と称する習わしが残り、多くの地域で村役人の筆頭が名主(なぬし)と呼ばれた。
- In many eastern regions, the custom of calling village heads myoshu persisted and the chief village officer was called nanushi in many of these regions.
- 壇ノ浦の合戦後、落ち延びた残党が佐田岬半島の伊方越にたどり着き、宮内川上流の谷に隠れ住んだとの言い伝えがある。
- It has been passed down that the remnants who were defeated in the Battle of Dan no ura arrived at Ikatagoshi on the Sadamisaki Peninsula and lived in secret in the valley of the upper reaches of Miyauchi-gawa River.
- 二人が判官の切腹、お家お取潰のさなか、家中の人々に合わせる顔もなく、お軽の実家へと落ちてゆくさまを描いたもの。
- Unable to face those involved they fled to Okaru's family home, meanwhile the Judge committed seppuku and his family line was legally abolished.
- 薩摩源五兵衛 実は不破数右衛門 塩冶浪人、不破数右衛門は御用金百両を盗賊に盗まれるという落度で主家を追われた。
- Gengobe SATSUMA (in fact Kazuemon FUWA's disguise): Kazuemon FUWA, a ronin (master-less samurai) and ex-retainer of the Enya family, was banished by his master, since the goyokin (public money) 100 ryo, which he had been overseeing, had been stolen by thieves.
- 源五兵衛は人違いとしらを切るが、宅兵衛は人殺しの場所に落ちていたと言って、証拠となる割り笄の片割れを取り出す。
- Gegobe pretends not to know saying that he suspects a wrong person, however Takube takes out an evidence, a half of a wari-kogai which was collected from the murder site.
- 戦後は上方落語の復興機運が高まるとともに、ミナミに戎橋松竹が開場(千土地興行(後の日本ドリーム観光)が経営)。
- After the war, as momentum for restoring Kamigata rakugo heightened, the Ebisubashi Shochiku theater (of Sentochi Kogyo (later Nippon Dream Kanko)) opened in Minami (the southern area of Osaka City).
- 元弘3年(1333年)、後醍醐天皇による鎌倉幕府打倒運動が起きると、鎌倉は足利義詮や新田義貞の攻撃により陥落。
- When a movement to topple the Kamakura bakufu by Emperor Godaigo in 1333 took place, Kamakura fell after attacks by Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA and Yoshisada NITTA.
- ならばと全員で度胸試しに出かけると、綱の番になって門に入ると鬼に出会ってしまい、格闘の末、鬼の腕を切り落とした。
- They all rush out, eager to prove their mettle against the oni if the rumor of its presence are true, and it happened to be Tsuna's turn, so he entered under the gate, encountered the oni, and fought a duel with him, the end result of which was that he managed to slice off the oni's arm.
- 動転した清盛は九州へ落ち延びることも考えるが、紀伊の武士・湯浅宗重や熊野別当・湛快の協力により、17日帰京する。
- Stunned by the turn of events, Kiyomori considered slipping off to safety in Kyushu, but finally decided to march on the capital with the combined strength and cooperation of the warrior of Kii, Muneshige YUASA as well as Tankai of Kumano Betto (Chief), setting out for Kyoto on February 3.
- 新政府軍は長岡城を再奪取、米沢・会津藩兵が守る新潟も陥落したため、8月には越後の全域が新政府軍の支配下に入った。
- The new government's forces recaptured Nagaoka Castle again, and with the fall of Niigata which had protected the Yonezawa and Aizu Domains, they placed the entire area of Echigo under control.
- 翌天正11年(1583年)正月、伊勢国の滝川一益が柴田勝家への旗幟を明確にして挙兵し、峯城や亀山城を落城させた。
- On January 24, 1583, Kazumasu TAKIGAWA of Ise Province raised his army and conquered Mine-jo Castle and Kameyama-jo Castle, clearly demonstrating his support of Katsuie SHIBATA.
- 反対に下位の者は地下百姓に転落していくなど、所従・下人身分までを巻き込んだ荘民身分の再編成が始まるようになった。
- On the other hand, the people who belonged to the lower-class fell to the even lower status of jigebyakusho, and there began, involving even the class of shoju and genin, the process of the reorganization of the class structure in the shomin populace.
- 陰首(おんしゅ)とは、律令制において戸籍や計帳から欠落している者及び浮浪の者が自主的に名乗り出て登録されること。
- Under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), onshu was the registration of a person who came forward after having been missing from the family registers or the keicho (yearly tax registers), or after having been away from the place of registry.
- 室町期の人民は、国人層では国人一揆(国人領主連合)などの、村落の百姓らでは惣村・郷村などの結合形態をとっていた。
- In the Muromachi period, people formed various unions including Kokujin-ikki (kokujin ryoshu [local samurai lord] union) formed by the people in the kokujin stratum, as well as soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) and goson (autonomous village) formed by peasants living in villages.
- 私鋳銭は、一部が欠落したもの、穴が開いていないもの、字が潰れて判読できないものなど、非常に粗悪なものが多かった。
- The quality of Shichusen was often very poor, for example part of the detail was often missing, it had no hole, and the letters on it were impossible to read.
- まず7月28日、薬師寺元一(弟・薬師寺長忠に滅ぼされている)の子・薬師寺万徳丸は、長忠の居城茨木城を攻め落した。
- On September 15, Mantokumaru YAKUSHIJI, the son of Motokazu YAKUSHIJI (who had been overthrown by his brother Nagatada YAKUSHIJI), captured Ibaraki-jo Castle, the residence of Nagatada.
- その後戦闘状態に突入したが、夜半から大雨がふり出し細川澄元、三好之長らは雨音にまぎれて阿波国へ落ち延びていった。
- Then, the two sides engaged in battle, but, as it began to rain heavily around midnight, Sumimoto HOSOKAWA, Yukinaga MIYOSHI and others ran away through the roaring sound of the heavy downpour to Awa Province.
- 落語家、三遊亭圓窓の圓窓五百噺の中の一つ、「茶の湯」に「利休饅頭」が登場するが、非常にまずい饅頭として語られる。
- 'Rikyu manju' appears as a very unpalatable manju in 'Chanoyu', one of Enso Gohyaku Banashi (500 rakugo-stories of Enso) of rakugo storyteller Sanyutei Enso.
- 士族船津幸兵衛は、慣れない商売に失敗し没落、妻と二人の娘1歳の乳飲み子と深川_(江東区)の裏長屋に逼塞している。
- Kobei FUNADU of the warrior class has failed in an unfamiliar business and has become bankrupt, and now lives with his wife, two daughters and one-year-old unweaned child in obscurity in a tenement house on a back street in Fukagawa (in Koto Ward, Tokyo).
- 不落不落、不落々々(ぶらぶら)は、鳥山石燕の妖怪画集『百器徒然袋』に描かれている日本の妖怪の一種で、提灯の妖怪。
- Burabura is a lantern specter and one of Japanese yokai (ghosts, spirits and monsters) that was portrayed in Sekien TORIYAMA's yokai art collection book: 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro' (The Bag of One Hundred Random Demons; the term 'hyakki' in its title is a pun on the usual hyakki, replacing the character for demon which is written as '鬼' in Japanese with a character for vessel written as '器,' and sure enough, most of the yokais shown in this book are tsukumogami [a type of Japanese spirits that originate in items or artifacts that have reached their 100th birthday and become alive]).
- 伝統芸能では、演者が本筋とは直接関係がない駄洒落や内輪ネタでことさらに観客の笑いを取ることを「くすぐり」という。
- In the traditional performing arts, performers sometimes go out of their ways to make the audience laugh by off-topic dajare (pun) and inside jokes, and that is called as 'kusuguri'.
- 後三条天皇が在位5年足らずで退位の後他界してからは、落飾した馨子内親王は西院で余生を送り「西院皇后」と称された。
- Following the death of Emperor Gosanjo, who had abdicated only five years after his enthronement, Imperial Princess Keishi spent her remaining years in the Sai-in as a priestess called 'Empress Sai-in.'
- 社背の境内山林に隣接する畝傍及び長山部落の共同墓地、境内以西、畝傍山御料林以南、東南部深田池東側民家などを買収。
- Unebi adjacent to forests of precincts in the back of the shrine, public cemetery in Nagayama buraku, the land to the west of precincts, the land to the south of Imperial forest of Mt. Unebi, and houses in the east of Tonanbu Fukada-ike Pond were purchased by Nara Prefecture.
- それにより赤松氏は山名持豊(山名宗全)を中心とした幕府軍の追討を受け、満祐と教康は殺され、赤松氏本流は没落した。
- As a consequence, the Akamatsu clan was pursued by the bakufu army lead by Mochitoyo YAMANA (Sozen YAMANA) to search out to kill them, and Mitsusuke and Noriyasu were killed and the main line of the Akamatsu clan was collasped.
- 醍醐忠敬が、甥である格太郎に射殺されるというスキャンダルが発生し、忠順が再度家督を継ぐという事態により一時没落。
- A scandal where Tadayuki DAIGO was shot to death by a nephew, Kakutaro, occurred and the fact that Tadaosa was forced to take over again as head of the family resulted in a temporary decline of the family.
- 平辻からはスギ植林地の中の地道を進んで県道川津高野線に降り立ち、川原樋川(かわらびがわ)のほとりの大股集落に至る。
- From Taira-tsuji crossroads, an unpaved road goes into a forest of Japanese cedars, descends to Prefectural Road Kawatsu-Koya Line, and reachs Omata Village near Kawarabi-gawa River.
- そして、家康が畿内を留守にしている隙をついて伏見城を落とし、次いで北陸地方や伊勢国伊勢方面の平定に乗り出していた。
- He then captured the Fushiki-jo Castle exploiting Ieyasu's absence from the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara), and after that he set out to suppress the Hokuriku region and Ise area in Ise Province.
- 落ちたら煮て食お、煮ても焼いても食われぬ物は、五徳・鉄灸、金熊童子に、石熊童子・イシモチ・虎熊童子・キス (魚)。
- Ochitara nite kuo (if it's dropped, boil and eat it), nitemo yaitemo kuwarenu monowa (things inedible even if they are boiled or grilled are), gotoku (trivet) tekkyu (grill), Kanakumadoji (a character in Demon Legend of Mt.Oe) ni (and), Ishikuma (a character in Demon Legend of Mt.Oe) ishimochi (drum) Torakuma (a character in Demon Legend of Mt.Oe) toragisu (rosy sandperch).
- 大相撲、歌舞伎、落語協会、花柳界と同じ伝統芸能を担う者としての繋がりも強く、襲名の時は華を添える為によく招かれる。
- As a performer who plays a role in the same traditional performing arts, tobishoku has a strong connection with other performers in grand sumo tournament, kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors), rakugo kyokai (association of Japanese verbal entertainment), and karyukai (world of the geisha), and is often invited to their grand naming ceremonies to highlight the atmosphere.
- このことに恨みを募らせた頼豪は、自分の祈祷で誕生した皇子・敦文親王を、今度は祈祷で魔道に落とそうと、断食に入った。
- Building animosity on this matter, Raigo started fasting to pray for dropping into the path of evil Imperial Prince Atsufumi who had been born as a result of his prayer.
- ただし、任務の都合上、町人に変装することもある与力などには町人と同じように生え際をまっすぐにそり落とすものもいた。
- However, some of Yoriki (police sergeant), who had to disguise themselves as townspeople for the sake of their duties, shaved their hairline straightly just like townspeople.
- 男性向けのものは、粋好みの黒が最も多く、続いて上品な薄水色、灰色、茶色、深緑、藍など落ち着いた色合いのものが中心。
- Black haneri, which is favored by nifty men, are the main stream products for men, followed by those of refined and soft color such as light blue, grey, brown, deep green or indigo.
- 奈良時代初期に役小角が木曽駒ヶ岳で修行中、幾つかある登山道の途中にある集落「内の萱」の里人に篤い持て成しを受けた。
- In the early Nara period, while training on Mt. Komagatake in Kiso, Enno Ozunu (a legendary holy man noted for his practice of mountain asceticism during the second half of the seventh century) received cordial hospitality from residents of Uchi no Kaya, the village along one of trails up the mountain.
- すっぽんとは、歌舞伎などの劇場にある花道上に、舞台下の奈落から、役者が登場してくるためにある舞台装置のことである。
- Suppon is a stage setting for an actor to make a stage appearance from the trap cellar, and it is located on the hanamichi (an elevated runway) in kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) theater.
- 「ここにその御髪を握れば、御髪自ら落ち、その御手を握れば、玉の緒また絶え、その御衣を握れば、御衣すなはち破れつ。」
- However, her hair fell down to the ground as soon as they grabbed it, and the tamanoo broke when they grabbed her hand, and additionally, her clothes were torn when they grabbed her clothes.'
- 主膳がお菊を責め立てる際にその指を一本切り落としたため、後に生まれた主膳の子には手の指が一本足りなかったともいう。
- It is also said that since Shuzen cut off one of Okiku's fingers when blaming her, his child, who was born later, had one finger missing.
- 法隆寺のすぐ西に広がる西里の集落は、近世初期の日本で最も組織的な力をふるった大工棟梁・中井正清の育った集落でもある。
- The community of Nishisato that spreads westward from Horyu-ji Temple was created by Masakiyo NAKAI, the master builder renowned for his leadership and unparalleled skills in construction in the early part of the pre-modern era (late 16th century - early 17th century).
- 一般的に、1つの集落では同時期に同じ農作業が重なってしまうため、効率の悪い「小型」の方が集落全体での共有化が難しい。
- Generally, 'small' machines, which are less effective, are more difficult to share because every farmer in a village starts the same farm operation at the same time.
- ただし上州高崎では「四六延」といって、本途米1石について4斗6升ずつの延米を加えることになっていた(地方落穂集5)。
- In Joshu Takasaki, though, four to (a measure of volume, approx. 18 liters) and six sho (a unit of measure, approx. 1.8 liters) of nobemai were added to each koku (about 180 liters; an old unit of volume) of hontomai (Jikata Ochiboshu 5).
- 戦術に於いても攻城戦の開始前と落城寸前の場面で降伏勧告を行っており、自軍被害も低減できる無血開城の交渉を行っている。
- In tactics, a choice to surrender was given before starting a siege and just before fall of the castle and negotiations were carried out for a bloodless surrender which enabled them to minimize the damage to their own troops.
- これにより、先の豊後侵攻で島津軍の侵攻でも陥落しなかった岡城 (豊後国)の志賀親次や鶴崎城の妙林尼などが勢いづいた。
- This encouraged Chikatsugu SHIGA at Oka-jo Castle, which had been impregnable in the invasion of Bungo Province by the Shimazu army, and Myorinni at Tsurusaki-jo Castle.
- 一方で西国では百姓が地縁的な結合を強め、村落を形成し、地頭とは別個に荘園経営を請け負う百姓請が見られるようになった。
- Meanwhile, in Saigoku (western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki), peasants strengthened their territorial bonds, formed villages, and established the hyakushouke system (the contract system where the manor's owner entrusts a peasant to manage his manor and pay the customs) to operate shoen independent of jito's management.
- 一方で西国では百姓が地縁的な結合を強め、村落を形成し、地頭とは別個に荘園経営を請け負う百姓請も見られるようになった。
- In the meantime, in Saigoku (western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki)) as the peasants strengthened their territorial bond and formed villages, Hyakushouke (the contract system that the manor's owner entrust a peasant to manage his manor and pay the customs) began to appear in addition to Jitouke.
- 『藩翰譜』によると宇都宮泰藤は南朝方で、新田義貞が討たれた時、越前国を落ち三河国大久保に住んだことにはじまるという。
- According to Hankanpu (Genealogy of the Protectors of the Shogunate), Yasufuji UTSUNOMIYA belonged to the Southern Court and settled in Okubo, Mikawa Province from Echizen Province when Yoshisada NITTA was subjugated.
- 奥州合戦では平泉陥落後、樋爪氏は居館に火を放ち地下に潜伏したが、当主・樋爪俊衡らは陣ケ岡の頼朝の陣に出頭し降伏した。
- During the battle of Oshu, the Hizume clan set fire to their own castle after Hiraizumi fell and went underground, but the family head Toshihira HIZUME and some others presented themselves in the military camp of Yoritomo at Jingaoke and surrendered.
- 頼朝の父・源義朝は、平治の乱(平治元年/1159年)で平清盛との戦いに敗れ、関東へ落ち延びる途中、尾張国で殺害された。
- MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's father, MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, was defeated in a battle with TAIRA no Kiyomori in the Heiji War (in 1159) and killed in Owari Province while he was running away to Kanto region.
- これに危機感を抱いた新田義貞・脇屋義助は恒良親王・尊良親王を奉戴して1336年(延元元年)10月に北陸へ落ちて行った。
- Having a sense of crisis about this situation, Yoshisada NITTA and Yoshisuke WAKIYA had Imperial Prince Tsuneyoshi and Imperial Prince Takayoshi over them, and went to the Hokuriku Region in November 1336.
- 抵抗できないと悟った高経は翌9日朝には自邸を焼き払い、子息の義将・義種ら一族・被官を伴って越前国へと落ち延びて行った。
- Takatsune, who acknowledged that he couldn't resist, burnt down his residence in the morning of the following fourteenth day and escaped to Echizen Province along with his family and retainers including his son Yoshimasa and Yoshitane.
- 元暦元年(1184年)7月から8月にかけて、前年の平氏都落ち後に、伊賀国・伊勢国に潜伏していた平氏残党が蜂起した事件。
- The incident was an uprising from August to September of 1184 by the remnants of the Taira clan, who had been hiding in Iga Province or Ise Province since the Taira clan's flight from Kyoto in the previous year.
- 平家の落武者ともいうが、落人の中には武士に限らず公卿や女性や子供なども含まれたため、平家の落人というのが一般的である。
- Although the term Heike no Ochimusha (surviving samurai) is sometimes used, Heike no Ochudo is commonly used since not only samurai but also court nobles, women and children were among the fugitives.
- 阿佐集落に、平家の末裔と言われる阿佐氏が居住し、平家屋敷や、平家のものと伝えられる赤旗(軍旗)が数百年前から現存する。
- In Asa Village lives the Asa clan, which is said to be descended from the Taira family, and there are a Heike mansion and an akahata (battle flag) that are said to have been used by the Taira family and are several hundred years old.
- また勘平の死の演出は、「哀れ」で本釣鐘「はかなき」で喉を切りおかやに抱かれながら手を合わせ落ちいるのが現行の型である。
- According to the current staging style, there is a sound effect at 'aware' (what a pity), and Kanpei cuts his throat with the signal of 'hakanaki'' (ephemeral) and dies while being held by Okaya and putting his hands together.
- 例として、石川県寺家遺跡や高座遺跡の例(中世期)や秋田県洲崎遺跡(13世紀末)、岩手県落合遺跡(鎌倉時代)などがある。
- Examples of magemono-izutsu were found in the Jike site and the Takaza site in Ishikawa Prefecture (Medieval period), the Suzaki site in Akita Prefecture (end of the 13th century), and the Ochiai site in Iwate Prefecture (Kamakura period).
- 戦後の混乱から脱し、高度成長期に入ると人々の暮らしにもようやく落ち着きが戻り、温泉地等の観光地には人々がごった返した。
- After the postwar chaos, people started to settle down during the high-growth period, and tourist spots such as hot springs became busy.
- この地方制度は画一的・行政的につくりあげられたもので、大化前代からの自然発生的な集落とはまったく関係のない組織であった。
- This provincial system was built uniformly and administratively, and was totally unrelated to the naturally occurring settlements in the pre-Taika era.
- 同盟軍も奪還を試みたが失敗に終わり、白河口へ兵力が集中した隙を衝かれ二本松城も落城し新政府軍は会津へと進行路を確保した。
- The allied forces attempted to recapture the castle, but in vain; on the other hand, the new government's forces seized Nihonmatsu Castle while the allied forces deployed their troops heavily concentrated their troops at Shirakawaguchi, gaining access to Aizu.
- 城主不在にもかかわらず城兵は健闘し敵を寄せ付けなかったが、やがて城内で一部の兵が裏切り敵を手引きしたため奮戦空しく落城。
- Despite the fact that the lord of the castle was absent, the garrison fought very spiritedly and prevented the enemy from drawing close, but soon after one portion of the garrison betrayed their comrades, switched sides and guided the attackers into the castle, rendering vain all the hard fighting and making surrender inevitable.
- 太田城はフロイスが「一つの市の如きもの」と表現したように、単なる軍事拠点ではなく町の周囲に水路を巡らした環濠集落である。
- As Frois expressed it 'like one town,' Ota-jo Castle was not only a military base but also a town surrounded by a moat.
- 寺内町(じないちょう、じないまち)とは、室町時代に浄土真宗などの仏教寺院、道場(御坊)を中心に形成された自治集落のこと。
- Jinaicho (also called Jinaimachi) refers to self-governing communities formed during the Muromachi period, which centered on the Buddhist temples of the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) and training seminaries (gobo).
- 源義家の凋落後、「朝家の爪牙」の第一人者となった平正盛は、近国(かつ大国・熟国)の国守を務めると同時に右馬権頭であった。
- After MINAMOTO no Yoshie declined, TAIRA no Masamori, who became the first 'choka no soga' (retainers of the imperial family or household called as fangs and claws of imperial family), served as governor of Kingoku (provinces close to Kyoto) (taigoku (major provinces) and 熟国 back then) as well as being the Uma no gon no kami (Provisional Captain of the Right Division of the Bureau of Horses).
- 私鋳銭の中には、一部が欠落したもの、穴が開いていないもの、字がつぶれて判読できないものなど、非常に粗悪なものが多かった。
- The quality of many of these shichusen coins was quite low: For examples, in some of them, a portion was lost, no hole was provided, or the characters on them were too worn to read them.
- 現存する記事は長治2年(1105年)から大治 (日本)4年(1129年)年までの25年間に及ぶが、欠落部分も少なくない。
- The existing article spans 25 years from 1105 to 1129, but many segments are missing.
- 常世は僧を相手に、一族の横領により落ちぶれてはいるが、一旦緩急あらばいち早く鎌倉に駆け付け命懸けで戦う所存であると語る。
- Tsuneyo says to the monk that Tsuneyo has fallen into poverty due to embezzlement of his family but is willing to rush to Kamakura and fight for his life in case of an emergency.
- 物部氏の没落によって欽明天皇以来の崇仏廃仏論争に決着が付き、法興寺(飛鳥寺)や四天王寺などの、造寺事業を積極的に行った。
- The fall of the Mononobe clan settled the controversy which had started in Emperor Kinmei's time over whether to worship or to abandon Buddhism, and Emperor Sushun actively undertook the construction of temples, including Hoko-ji Temple (Asuka-dera Temple) and Shitenno-ji Temple.
- 勢いに乗った元成は備前国を掌中に収めるため、文明16年(1484年)2月、浦上則国の居城三石城を落とすため東へ進撃する。
- Motonari, building on the momentum, he advanced to the east to take control of Mitsuishi-jo Castle, where Norikuni URAGAMI resided, in March, 1484, with an aim to hold Bizen Province in his hand.
- 関ヶ原の合戦後に嫡流は零落しまもなく断絶、庶流は江戸時代には外様大名や高家、旗本、尾張藩、明石藩家老などとして存続した。
- After the Battle of Sekigahara, the main branch of the family fell and became extinct, and the branch family lineage survived as tozama daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lord), koke, hatamoto, or chief retainer of Owari Domain and Akashi Domain in the Edo period.
- 戦闘の後、落ち延びる長州勢は長州藩屋敷に火を放ち逃走、会津勢も長州藩士の隠れているとされた中立売御門付近の家屋を攻撃した。
- After the battle, the Choshu forces, who managed to escape, set fire to the Choshu estate in Kyoto and fled, while the Aizu forces attacked an estate near the Nakadachiuri Gate, thought to be where Choshu soldiers were hiding.
- 大掾満幹はその後も馬場城を保持し続けたが、応永33年(1426年)に馬場城を留守にした隙に、通房に馬場城を攻め落とされた。
- Mitsutomo DAIJO continued to occupy Baba-jo Castle even after the incident, but in 1426, Michifusa attacked and captured the castle when he was away.
- 周辺部には、郊外型ショッピングセンターのジャスコなどを擁した開発地や、旧町の集落が見られるが、大部分は多数の田畑が広がる。
- In the surrounding area, while the surrounding lands have been developed, with suburban shopping centers such as Jusco, old town colonies still exist, but the majority consist of agricultural fields extending in most areas.
- このような村落は、その範囲内に住む惣て(すべて)の構成員により形成されていたことから、惣村または惣と呼ばれるようになった。
- These villages, which consisted of all (惣て)members within range, came to be called soson (惣村) or so (惣).
- ために、「士族の商法」と呼ばれた慣れない商売に失敗して没落する士族が続出し、政府への不満は征韓論や西南戦争へ繋がっていく。
- As a result of this, people in the warrior class failed in their unaccustomed businesses called 'shizoku no shoho' (former-samurai way of business) one after another, and the discontent with the government led to the argument for Seikanron (the conquest of Korea) and the outbreak of the Seinan War
- 上方では桜丸は和事を強調し、隈をとらず、「ご沈着」では泣き落すとなっているが、東京では桜丸は一本隈を取り、泣き落しはない。
- Sakuramaru at Kamigata stressed on wagoto (the production style of a love scene) and fell crying without taking off the makeup at 'Gochinchaku' (settled down), but Sakuramaru in Tokyo took off one line kumadori (kabuki make-up) and did not fall crying.
- 時代が新しくなると月代も広くとるようになるが、これで前髪を落としたのがいわゆる「バカ殿」の髪型といえば分かりやすいだろう。
- Sakayaki became wider over time, and a hairstyle that has wide sakayaki with bangs been cut off is the hairstyle of so-called 'Baka Tono' (parody of a feudal lord).
- 近年ではさらに、寄席で行われる落語や講談といった類のものへの敬遠が顕著になり、現在では都内でも数えるほどしか残っていない。
- In recent years, people's interests in performance arts in yose, such as rakugo and kodan, have declined conspicuously, and now only a few yose remain.
- 当時大学生だった鴻上尚史はオーディションに合格したが、当日の都合で参加できず、石田純一はオーディションに落とされたという。
- Although Shoji KOKAMI, a university student at the time, passed the audition, he was unable to take part in filming, and Junichi ISHIDA was unsuccessful at audition.
- 幕末期の当主は三条西季知で、いわゆる七卿落ちの一人として維新に際して勲功があり、また明治天皇の和歌師範としても有名である。
- The family head at the end of the Edo period was Suetomo SANJONISHI, who had many achievements in the Meiji Restoration as one of the so-called exiles of the seven nobles, and who gained fame as a waka master of the Emperor Meiji.
- 命はこの地で領民を苦しめた悪鳥を射落とし、その鳥の羽を命が連れていた三匹の犬が喰ったといい、古くは「羽喰」と称したという。
- According to the legend, the mikoto shut down an evil bird, who long troubled the people in the territory, and the three dogs he accompanied ate up its wings, and therefore, the place used to be called 'Hakui' (eat wings).
- 幕末の東久世通禧は、尊王攘夷派の少壮公家の一人で、文久3年(1863年)八月十八日の政変後に「七卿落ち」を余儀なくされた。
- Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE, who lived at the end of the Edo period, was one of the court nobles belonging to the group of Sonno-joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) and was forced to experience the 'Shichikyo-ochi,' or the exile of the Seven nobles from Kyoto, after the Coup of August 18, 1863 (September 30, 1863 in new calendar).
- 加賀国一揆や山城国一揆等の一向一揆は守護大名を打倒し、織田信長などは徹底的に弾圧し、大坂の本願寺が落とされて以降は沈静する。
- The popular uprisings (ikki) in the provinces of Kaga and Yamashiro crushed the daimyo in those provinces, leading Nobunaga ODA and others to ruthlessly and utterly suppress them; once Hongan-ji Temple in Osaka had fallen, however, such uprisings ceased and the country became tranquil again.
- 将の器ではない」と義経を愚弄して斬りあい寸前の対立となり、これが後の景時の頼朝への讒言となり、義経の没落につながるとされる。
- That's not what generals are for,' mocking Yoshitsune until they were on the verge of coming to blows; this is the slander that Kagetoki conveyed to Yoritomo later, and was partially responsible for Yoshitsune's ruin.
- そうしている間に、幕府軍が千早城に大軍を貼り付けにしながら落とせずにいるとの報に触発され、各地に倒幕の機運が広がっていった。
- Meanwhile, on receiving the news that, despite having been engaged in fighting to take Chihaya-jo Castle for such a long time, the bakufu army had yet to take control of it, the feeling that the time was ripe to overthrow the bakufu spread throughout the provinces of Japan.
- 3月23日以降25日以前に、上方勢は畠山氏の支城鳥屋城(現有田川町)を攻め落とし、さらに本拠の岩室城(現有田市)も陥落した。
- In the period from April 22 to 24, the Kamigata army captured Toya-jo Castle (present Aridagawa-cho), a branch castle of the Hatakeyama clan, and furthermore, the headquarter, Iwamuro-jo Castle (present Arida City).
- 1966年3月から同年6月にかけて8回の口頭弁論が開かれ、文化厚生会館の管理権をめぐって朝田府連と部落問題研究所が対立する。
- From March, 1966 to June of the same year, eight oral pleadings were held and the Asada Furen and the Institute of Buraku Problem disputed over the custodial right of the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall.
- しかし、部落問題研究所の有力理事たち(奈良本辰也・林屋辰三郎・原田伴彦など)はこの処置に反対し、理事を辞任、研究所を去った。
- However, the leading directors of the Institute of Buraku Problem (Tatsuya NARAMOTO, Tatsusaburo HAYASHIYA, Tomohiko HARADA and others) were opposed to this action, resigned as directors and left the Institute.
- しかし、室町期以来、村落自治が根付いていたこともあって、江戸幕府及び諸大名は、村落にある程度の自治を付与する民政を選択した。
- Nevertheless, due partly to the fact that self-government had already taken root in village communities, the Edo bakufu government and feudal lords chose to place villages under civil administration, allowing them a certain degree of self-government.
- 近世の京都で発生した最大規模の火災であり、皇居や二条城などが焼け落ちるなど深刻な被害であったために当時の社会に衝撃を与えた。
- It was the largest fire to break out in Kyoto during the early modern period and the serious damage caused including the destruction of the Imperial Palace and Nijo-jo Castle shocked the community at the time.
- 食器や生活用品を洗ったりする時に川に誤って流してしまったり山中に落としてしまったりで外部の人間にきづかれたりすることがある。
- The existence of kakurezato was accidentally noticed by outside people when the residents dropped tableware or other household utensils in the river while washing or in the mountains.
- 8名で畑を開き暮らしていたが、源氏の追っ手の知るところとなり、6名は自害、残った2名が両家集落(保内町)の祖となったという。
- It is said that although eight people lived by farming there, they were detected by pursuers of the Minamoto clan and six of them committed suicide while the remaining two founded Ryoke village (Honai-cho).
- この没落士族のテーマは、同じ黙阿弥の『霜夜鐘十時辻占』、落語の『鰻屋 (落語)』や明治期の文学作品に多く取り上げられている。
- The theme of a ruined man of the warrior class was taken up by many literary works of the Meiji period such as 'Shimoyonokane Juji no Tsujiura'(Frosty Night Bell and 10 O'clock Fortune-Teller at the Corner) by the same Mokuami and 'Unagi-ya' (eel restaurant) which is a rakugo (comic story telling).
- 1929年(昭和4年)3月、小笹が同社を退社、出版事業等にも手を出して没落した親会社・八千代生命が映画製作事業から撤退する。
- In march 1929, Ozasa resigned from the company and parent company Yachiyo Insurance withdrew from film production business because it failed in publishing business and went to ruin.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には小笠原氏の宗家は武田氏に所領を奪われて没落するが、安土桃山時代に再興し、江戸時代には譜代大名となった。
- In the Sengoku period (period of Warring States), the head family of Ogasawara clan was taken its territory and ruined by the Takeda clan, but in the Azuchi-Momoyama period it was restored and in the Edo period it became a fudai daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family).
- 天文 (日本)9年(1540年)本山茂辰は宣直が仁淀川に狩猟に出かけた隙を狙い、吉良城を落城させ、仁淀川にて宣直を討ち取る。
- In 1540, Shigetoki MOTOYAMA took a chance to attack the Kira-jo Castle while Nobunao was away from the castle hunting at the Niyodo-gawa River, made the Kira-jo Castle surrender, and killed Nobunao at the Niyodo-gawa River.
- これに対して足利義材は政元の元を逃れて地方へと落ち延び、近畿諸国は足利義稙派と足利義澄派(細川政元派)とわかれることとなった。
- On the other hand, Yoshiki ASHIKAGA escaped from Masamoto's hand and ran away to a province and provinces in the Kinki area were split into two fractions, one for Yoshitane ASHIKAGA and the other for Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA (fraction for Masamoto HOSOKAWA).
- 古来その名が良く知られていた峠であり、落ち武者がこの峠を越えて、山の奥の初川集落に逃げ込んで生活していたとの伝説が残っている。
- Since ancient times the pass has been famous and a legend is remained that a defeated soldier fleeing the enemy climbed over the pass to Hatsukawa Settlement deep in the mountain and lived there.
- また、上方と呼ばれる地域における文化は上方文化とも呼ばれ、代表的なものに上方舞、上方落語、上方浮世絵、上方歌、上方言葉がある。
- The culture in the area called Kamigata was called Kamigata culture such as Kamigata dancing, Kamigata rakugo, Kamigata Ukiyo-e, Kamigata language.
- 1572年-1573年にかけて、木戸城、田中城 (近江国)を落城させ、また湖面より囲船にて湖北の浅井氏勢に襲撃し打撃を与えた。
- From 1572 through 1573, he attacked and defeated Kido-jo Castle and Tanaka-jo Castle (Omi Province), and he also attacked the Asai clan on the northern shore of Lake Biwa with battle ships and damaged the clan.
- 周辺は琵琶湖や大中の湖、美濃から京都へ至る東山道、長光寺集落から伊勢へ抜ける八風街道があり、それらを管制できる要衝に位置する。
- It was located in a strategically important region for controlling the surrounding areas, such as large and middle-size lakes including Lake Biwa as well as the Tozan-do Road, continuing from Mino Province to Kyoto City, and the Happu-kaido Road, connecting the settlement of Choko-ji Temple to Ise City.
- 秀吉は高松城を水攻めによって包囲していたが、その最中に京都市の本能寺で主君である織田信長が明智光秀に謀反を起こされて落命する。
- Hideyoshi besieged Takamatsu-jo Casle by inundation tactics, during which Mitsuhide AKECHI betrayed and killed his lord Nobunaga ODA in a rebellion at Honno-ji Temple in Kyoto City.
- 大名における実例はないものの、一般の武士における改易の理由として多いものに当主・隠居の欠落(出奔・無断脱藩)によるものがある。
- Although we have no examples of Daimyo being subjected to kaieki, one of the most common reasons for the kaieki of ordinary samurai was the running away (flight or escape from one's domain) of the current or former heads of households.
- ただ、公家日記によると京都周辺で落武者狩りが行われ、60名前後が捕縛、処刑されたとあるので、小規模な戦闘はあったと思われている
- Judging from the description in kuge-nikki (noblemen's diaries) that 'the hunt for defeated warriors began around Kyoto and some sixty warriors were arrested and executed,' it could be considered that there was a small-scale battle.
- 南伊勢町(旧南島町)に多く見られる「竃」が付く地名は、平家の残党がそこに住み着いて塩を作って生計を立てていた集落であるという。
- Places whose names include the Chinese character '竃' (kamado - kitchen stove, oven) in Minamiise-cho (former Minamijima-cho) are believed to have been the community of the remnants of the Taira family where they settled and made a living producing salt.
- 間口一間二分五厘、奥行き六間の狭いごく小さな店舗ながら、料理の良さはもちろん、店のしつらえも食器の類も洒落た小料理店であった。
- For being a small Japanese-style restaurant with a little more than 1.83 meters wide by approximately 10.9 meters long, they served delicious dishes and had sophisticated furnishings, and plates and utensils.
- お蔭参りに行く者はその者が属する集落の代表として集落から集められたお金で伊勢に赴いたため、手ぶらで帰ってくる事がはばかられた。
- Because those who went out for okage mairi traveled to Ise on behalf of all the people in his/her village with the money gathered from the villagers, they avoided returning empty-handed.
- ついに芳流閣の屋根に追い詰められた信乃は必死に防戦するが、そこに現れた元獄舎番、犬飼現八と組み合ううちに、ともに利根川に転落。
- He desperately fought to protect himself, being cornered at last on the roof of Horyukaku, tackled by a former prison guard Genpachi INUKAI and fell into the Tone-gawa River together.
- 1533年に波多野氏が内藤国貞を破って丹波を手中にすると1538年には三好氏と結んだ波多野秀忠によって八木城を陥落させられた。
- The Hatano clan defeated Kunisada NAITO, and captured Tanba in 1533, but Hidetada HATANO, allied with the Miyoshi clan, brought about the surrender of Yakami-jo Castle in 1538.
- 日本の右軍は黄石山城を、左軍は南原市城を攻撃、たちまち二城を陥落させ全州市城に進むと、ここを守る明軍が逃走したため無血占領した。
- The Right group of Japan attacked Hwangsoksan Castle while the Left attacked Namwon Castle and they immediately took both castles in the assaults and advanced to and occupied without blood Jeonju Castle, because the Ming army that had been defending the castle fled when they came close to it.
- 本能寺の変後、清洲会議で長浜の支配権を獲得した柴田勝家の甥の柴田勝豊が入城するも、まもなく勝家と対立した秀吉に攻められ落城した。
- After the incident at Honno-ji Temple, Katsutoyo SHIBATA, a nephew of Katsuie SHIBATA who gained the right to rule Nagahama at the Kiyosu Meeting, became the lord of the castle, but was attacked by Hideyoshi who clashed with Katsuie, and had to abandon the castle.
- 神職身分を獲得したい百姓神主と百姓身分に留めたい村落側との意向が異なる場合があり、百姓神主と村落とが裁判を繰り返すこともあった。
- There were cases in which a hyakusho priest, who desired to obtain the Shinto priest rank, and a village, which desired to keep the hyakusho priest at the hyakusho rank, had different wishes and repeated trials.
- 食肉を採取した後の廃棄物を原料として作られるため、従来は屠畜業に携わる者の多い被差別部落民の間でのみ密かに生産・消費されてきた。
- Since aburakasu is prepared by using waste obtained after taking meat out of livestock animals, it was conventionally produced and consumed secretly only among burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast groups), many of whom were engaged in the butchery trade.
- 鎌倉時代末期には蝦夷の反乱が鎌倉幕府を揺るがし、幕府滅亡後には安東氏が十三湊を本拠地に栄えるが、やがて南部氏の興隆により没落する。
- In the closing days of the Kamakura period, a revolt by the people of Ezo had thrown the Kamakura bakufu into turmoil, and after the bakufu's collapse, the Ando clan had created flourishing strongholds out of thirteen ports, but eventually the Ando clan was brought to ruin by the rising fortunes of the Nanbu clan.
- この町のシンボルというべき舞妓も一時は20人以下へと落ち込んでいたが、近年徐々に回復し、現在は30人弱にまで増えていると言われる。
- The number of apprentice geisha, who are the poster children of the hanamachi, decreased to less than twenty at one point, but recently. the number has been gradually increasing and there are said to be a little less than thirty apprentice geisha today.
- だが、荘園公領制が解体する14世紀に入ると、生産力の上昇や農民層の抵抗、更に荘園内部でも上級層の没落と下級層の上昇などが発生する。
- However, during the fourteenth century, many factors, such as the improvement of the productivity, the resistance of the class of peasants, and the downfall of the upper-class together with the advancement of the lower-class, contributed to the eventual demise of the shoen-koryo sei.
- 同6月28日 (旧暦)、姉川の戦いで浅井・朝倉連合軍を破った信長はすぐさま横山城の攻略に着手、時の城主三田村氏は降伏し、落城した。
- On June 28 (old calendar) of the same year, soon after Nobunaga defeated the allied forces of Azai and Asakura at the Battle of Anegawa, he launched an attack on Yokoyama-jo Castle and forced the lord of the castle's Mitamura clan to surrender.
- その後、芥川山城、太田城 (摂津国)、茨木城、安威城、福井城 (摂津国)、三宅城、の諸城を次々と攻め落としたり、降伏させたりした。
- A large number of castles Akutagawa-yamajo Castle, Otajo Castle of Settsu Province, Ibarakijo Castle, Aijo Castle, Fukuijo Castle of Settsu Province, and Miyakejo Castle were captured or were forced to surrender by the army.
- 藤井高尚「松の落葉」によれば、「江家次第」立后の条に「師子形二」「師子形(二)御帳南面左右(一)」((一)(二)は返り点)とある。
- According to 'Matsu no ochiba' (a book on Shinto) written by Takanao FUJII, in the section of investiture of the Empress in 'Gokeshidai' (the Ritual Protocol of the Oe House), it is described that 'Two Shishi-shaped guardian dogs shall be placed on the left and right sides in front of the south face of the chodai.'
- 落雷は隣の紫宸殿にも走り、右兵衛佐美努忠包が髪を、同じく紀蔭連が腹を、安曇宗仁が膝を焼かれて死亡、更に警備の近衛府も2名死亡した。
- Lightning flashed through the Shishinden (hall for state ceremonies), and Uhyoe no suke (assistant captain of the Right Division of Middle Palace Guards) MINU no Tadakane's hair caught fire and he died, Uhyoe no suke KI no Kagetsura's stomach was burnt and he died, Azumi Munehito's knees were burnt and he died, and two guards of Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards) died.
- もっとも夏着は絽や紗で仕立て、洒落着として縮緬が用いられることもあり、色も特に戦後は渋い中間色を中心に色紋付が行われることがある。
- Occasionally, however, the summer wear is woven with 'ro' (a kind of silk gauze) or 'sha' (another kind of silk gauze); 'chirimen' (silk crepe) is used to make stylish wear, and 'iro-montsuki' (montsuki kosode that has a color other than black, mainly a subdued, neutral color) has come to be seen, particularly after World War Ⅱ.
- さらに続けて「(ハチがなくて)芭蕉の句だ」の落ちもあり、これは七のあとに繋げられるので、都合5×210通りのオチがあることになる。
- Continuing further, there exists another ochi, '(No phrase containing hachi [8]) then Basho no ku (poem, 9) (a poem written by Basho)' which can be linked with a phrase containing 7; so there are a total of 5x210 ochis.
- 近年、中世の河原者の居住地と、近世の被差別民の居住地が重なる例が京都や奈良を中心に報告され、部落の起源論争の大きな焦点となっている。
- Cases have been reported mainly in Kyoto and Nara, in which the domicile of the Kawaramono in the Medieval Period coincided with those who were discriminated in modern times, while reported cases focused on the controversy of the origin of Buraku (discriminated hamlet).
- その美声が、後鳥羽上皇院の女房たちを魅了し、落髪して尼となったことで、上皇が激怒し、2僧を処刑した上で、法然を流罪としたものである。
- Their beautiful voices entranced the women in Retired Emperor Gotoba's Inner Court to the point that some had their hair shaved and became nuns, angering the Retired Emperor so much that he had the two monks executed and Honen exiled.
- 13世紀中期頃から、貨幣経済の浸透と商品流通の活発化、村落の形成、地頭ら武士による荘園公領への侵出など、大きな社会変動が生じ始めた。
- Starting around the middle of the 13th century, the social system started changing drastically: For example, money had become used in the economy, goods were circulated actively, and samurai, such as jito (managers and lords of manors), had advanced into shoen koryo (public lands and private estates).
- 毛利氏に攻められ、難攻不落と讃えられていた今の島根県安来市にあった月山富田城に篭城するが兵糧攻めにあい開城した(月山富田城の戦い)。
- Attacked by the Mori clan, the Amako clan holed up in Gassan Toda-jo Castle, which was praised as impregnable, in the current Yasuki City, Shimane Prefecture, but surrendered after starvation tactics by the Mori clan (Gassan Toda-jo no Tatakai (Battle of Gassan Toda-jo Castle)).
- 内規に反した等として粛清された者は相当数にのぼり、一説には勤皇志士との斬りあいで死亡した者より、粛清で落命した者の方が多いともいう。
- Significant number of men were purged on such grounds as violating internal rules, etc., and according to one view, more men lost their lives through such purges than through fighting with Imperial loyalists.
- これが現在われわれの知る日本美術史の原型であるが、その際海外への紹介に適さないとされた作家はリストから零れ落ち、長らく忘れ去られた。
- And this is the prototype of Japanese art history which we know today, but those artists who were deemed inappropriate to introduce to foreign countries were omitted from the list, and they came to be forgotten for a long time.
- お軽は短気をおこさずともかくも自分の在所までいっしょに落ちのびてくれ、あなたを亭主として充分暮しのたつようにしてみせるとかき口説く。
- Okaru implores him not to be so impatient and explains that she will be able to support them both and treat him as her husband once they manage to reach her family home.
- この場合には、全体として「落とし噺」の構造を取り、なかにところどころ歌舞伎ふうの台詞廻しが混じる程度で、立って所作を行うことはない。
- In these kinds of shibai-banashi, the story is similar to an otoshi-banashi as a whole, and some parts contain dramatic, kabuki-like lines and gestures, but the performer does not stand up or pose as part of the performance.
- その際、小町がそれを自分のものと証明するために歌の書かれた紙を角盥漱で洗ったところ、文字が流れ落ちて黒主の罪が明らかになったという。
- Finding out the plagiarism, Komachi attempted to prove the true authorship of her work and therefore poured some water from her tsunohanzo onto a page on which the waka in question had been handwritten with Chinese ink by Kuronushi, so that the letters were washed out, thereby exposing Kuronushi's guilt.
- 寄席(よせ)とは、都市において落語・浪曲・講談・漫才・奇術などの技芸を観客に見せるため席亭(興行主)が経営する常設の興行小屋である。
- A yose originally referred to a permanent hut operated by a promoter where professionals of rakugo (traditional comic storytelling), rokyoku (naniwabushi recitation), kodan storytelling, manzai or a comic dialogue, or magicians entertained their audiences by exhibiting their skills in speaking or trickery.
- 彼らは皇族に順ずる存在として高い尊敬を受けたが、やがて藤原家の外戚政治が確立していく中、2・3代ほどで没落する例がほとんどになった。
- They received a lot of respect as quasi-imperial families, but as the Fujiwara family established a political system which involved holding onto power as maternal relatives by marrying their daughters to members of the imperial family, most of the families fell into ruin during the second or third generations.
- その後は母・禎子内親王の下で生活していたが、天喜5年(1057年)、3歳年下の源俊房と密通し、遂に俊房の屋敷へ駆け落ちしてしまった。
- After that she lived with her mother, Imperial Princess Teishi, but she had an affair with MINAMOTO no Toshifusa who was three years younger than her, and finally she eloped to Toshifusa's house.
- 建岡君は美濃国の花鹿山に行き、サカキを折って鬘(髪飾り)を作り、うけいして「この鬘の落ちたところに神はいらっしゃるだろう」と言った。
- Takeoka no kimi went to Mt. Hanashika in Mino Province, to practice ukei (pledge), wearing a kazura (chaplet) (hair accessory) made by herself with branches of sakaki (Cleyera ochnacea), and said, 'the deity can be found where this kazura (chaplet) falls to land.'
- 大喪最高責任者となるはずの渡辺が大喪の終るまでの約3ヶ月の間にもし逮捕されると、宮内省の威信が地に落ちると考えられたためと思われる。
- This measure is thought to be taken due to the belief that if WATANABE, who was the chief officer of the Imperial mourning, was arrested during the time of the Imperial mourning which lasts for about three months, the Imperial Household Ministry's dignity would be lost.
- 一方、経清(亘理権大夫)以来代々の所領地曰理郷(亘理郡)も清綱(亘理権十郎)の没落とともに頼朝の幕僚・千葉胤盛の支配する所となった。
- Meanwhile, Watari Go (Watari County), which the Oshu Fujiwara clan had controlled for generations since FUJIWARA no Tsunekiyo (Gon no daibu [a provisional master] of the Watari region), was put under the rule of Tanemori CHIBA, a staff officer of Yoritomo, after the fall of Kiyotsuna (Gonjuro WATARI).
- ただ当時の関係者によると、焼失直前の旧金閣はほとんど金箔の剥げ落ちた簡素な風情で、現在のように金色に光る豪華なものではなかったという。
- However, according to people from the time, the old Kinkakuji was plain and showed little gold with most of it worn and beaten, looking little like the current one which is gold and magnificent.
- 七卿落ち(しちきょうおち)とは、江戸時代の幕末期、1863年(文久3年)八月十八日の政変において、7人の公卿が京都より追放された事件。
- 'Shichikyo-ochi' was an incident where seven nobles were banished from Kyoto in the political turmoil of August 18, 1863, at the end of Edo period.
- 南北朝時代の1348年に南朝の本拠地である吉野が陥落した際に、後村上天皇が賀名生(現在の五條市西吉野町)に入り、一時期南朝が置かれた。
- When Yoshino, the base of the Southern Court surrendered in 1348 in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Emperor Gomurakami entered Ano (currently Nishiyoshino Town, Gojo City) and the Southern Court was placed temporarily.
- 1966年1月24日、部落問題研究所が、朝田府連による会館占拠を解くことを求める仮処分命令申請書を京都地方裁判所に提出し、認められる。
- On Janurary 24, 1966, the Institute of Buraku Problem filed an application for a provisional disposition order to the Kyoto District Court to stop Asada Furen's occupation, and the Court approved it.
- 雑徭の賦課は国司の権限であり、なかには私用で雑徭を課す国司もおり、公民の負担となり班田農民の没落・逃散を促したとする見解が通説である。
- It was the kokushi's right to impose the zoyo, and among the kokushi there was some who imposed the zoyo for personal use; it is commonly accepted that the zoyo became a burden to the komin (the registered people, especially farmers, under the Ritsuryo system) and thus caused the handen farmers (farmers whom the government had given the handen, or the allotted land for farming) to decline, abandon the land and flee to other domains.
- しかし、善人は天国へ行き、悪人は地獄へ落ちるという考え方も一般的なので、どんな悪行をはたらいても死んだら無罪(無罰)という訳ではない。
- However, the idea that the good go to heaven while the wicked go to hell is also common, so it is not that whatever misdeeds one has committed, one is justified (unpunished) after death.
- 幕末の当主・今川範叙は、高家として官軍との講和、江戸城の開城に尽力するが、明治維新後家禄を失って没落し、嫡子・今川淑人にも先立たれた。
- The family head at the end of Edo Period, Norinobu IMAGAWA, made efforts as koke to make peace with the government army and surrender Edo-jo Castle, but he lost his fief and fell after the Meiji Restoration and his first legitimate son Yoshito IMAGAWA died before him.
- 村(むら、そん)とは、集落や基礎自治体の一種で、第一次産業(農林漁業)に従事する者が多く、家屋の数と密集度が少ない地域を指す名称である。
- Many residents of 村 engage in primary industry (agriculture, forestry and fishery).
- そのわずか3年後の1582年6月に光秀は本能寺の変を起こし一時天下人になるも、山崎の戦いにおいて豊臣秀吉に敗れ落命し、明智氏は滅亡する。
- In June 1582, only three years later, Mitsuhide caused the Honnoji Incident, and temporarily obtained the top position; however, he was defeated by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and died in the Battle of Yamazaki, leading to the downfall of the Akechi clan.
- 本宮町八木尾を起点(第一番)とし、果無峠(第十七番)、果無集落(第三十番)を経て櫟砂古の第三十三番まで、山道沿いに配されている観音像群。
- It is a group of thirty-three Kannon-zo (statues of Kannon) located along the sections of mountain; it starts at Yagio, Hongu-cho (the 1st), stops by Hatenashi Pass (the 17th) and by Hatenashi Village (the 30th), and ends at Ichiizako (the 33rd).
- 明応6年(1497年)には大内義興は少弐政資を滅ぼし、かつては鎮西の覇者であった少弐氏を肥前の一地方勢力に転落させることに成功している。
- Yoshioki OUCHI defeated Masasuke SHONI in 1497 and succeeded in making the Shoni clan, once the hegemony of Chinzei (nickname of Kyushu) demoted to a regional power.
- この場合、民俗学者・柳田國男は牛鬼の怪異話の背後にある、かつて山で祀られた金属の神の零落した姿としての怪物・牛鬼の姿を見、指摘している。
- In this viewpoint, Kunio YANAGITA, a folklorist, points out the background of the tales of the monster Ushioni, which is how a deity of metals once worshiped in the mountains has been reduced to a monster, Ushioni.
- 黙阿弥の家に筆を売りに来た士族の哀れな姿と、自宅の裏に住んでいた母親が発狂して我が子を川に投げ落とす騒動をヒントに作ったといわれている。
- It was inspired by the sight of a helpless man of warrior class who came to Mokuami's house to sell ink brushes and from the tragic incident in which a mother living behind his house became insane and threw her own child into a river.
- 8世観世鐵之丞によると、もともとは五穀豊穣を祈る農村行事であり、翁は集落の長の象徴、千歳は若者の象徴、三番叟は農民の象徴であるとされる。
- According to Tetsu no jo KANZE the eighth, it was originally a farming community event to pray for a bountiful grain harvest, and Okina, Senzai, and Sanbaso respectively personified a village chief, a youth, and a farmer.
- 井上内親王は翌年、天皇の同母姉難波内親王を呪ったとして幽閉され、連座して王に落とされた他戸親王もともに幽閉されてやがて二人とも変死した。
- Next year, the Imperial princess Inoe was confined for the charge of cursing Imperial Princess Naniwa, the older sister of the emperor, along with Imperial Prince Osabe who was also stripped of the rank of the Crown Prince and became a prince, and they both died unnatural deaths.
- しかし、安芸武田氏9代武田信実の時代、1541年(天文_(元号)10年)6月に大内氏の命を受けた毛利元就によって銀山城は落城し滅亡した。
- However, in 1July 541 when Nobuzane Takeda was the ninth head of Aki-Takeda clan, Kanayama-jo Castle was ruined by Motonari MORI who was ordered to attack by the Ouchi clan, and the clan extinguished.
- 人々は家財を引き、婦女子や老人は都に近い村落に逃れ、あるいは子供たちを頸や腕に掛け、どこへ行くべきか途方に暮れ、泣きながら市中を彷徨した」
- People were dragging their household articles; women, children and the aged were fleeing to nearby villages; and grown-ups were wandering about the city crying with their children on their shoulders or in their arms, quite at a loss as to where to go.'
- また、郷土の武将が拠った城が、主に敵対する大勢力によって陥落したという史実から派生する落城哀史のような物語の舞台として語られることもある。
- Also, they are told as a stage of a story like rakujo aishi (stories about fall of castles) derived from historical facts that the castle that was used as a base by a busho (military commander) of the homeland fell by attack by strong opponent.
- 源氏との戦いに敗れた平維盛が密かに逃亡の道としたとする言い伝えがあり、それにちなむ史跡があったほか、平という集落には維盛の落人伝説がある。
- There is a legend that TAIRA no Koremori was defeated by Genji (the Minamoto clan) and ran away secretly using this road, and once there had been a historic site associated with the legend; in a village 'Taira,' there still remains a legend that Koremori ran away to the village.
- やがて近代化が一段落すると、今度は国粋主義や、民族国家としての民族独自の美術を求める動きが起こり、再び日本美術に目が向けられるようになる。
- After a while, the modernization of Japanese society reached a certain point, and instead, there occurred a movement in the opposite direction, such as nationalism and the pursuit of art unique to Japanese that has a nation-state of its own, so Japanese art attracted people's attention once again.
- 平家一門の平資盛が、壇ノ浦の戦いから落ち延びて約3年間喜界島に潜伏し、弟の平有盛、いとこの平行盛と合流し、ともに奄美大島に来訪したという。
- It is said that after being defeated in the Battle of Dan no ura, Taira no Sukemori, a member of the Taira family, concealed himself on Kikai-jima Island for three years and thereafter came to Amami-Oshima Island along with his younger brother Taira no Arimori and his cousin Taira no Yukimori.
- 1951年には亡父の後を襲って片岡仁左衛門を襲名するも、1960年代に入ってから関西歌舞伎の凋落いちじるしく、思わしい活動が行えなかった。
- In 1951, he succeeded to the stage name Nizaemon KATAOKA after his late father, but with the dawn of the '60s Kansai kabuki started a significant decline and he couldn't act as he wanted.
- 「いくさ死には化けて出ない」との言い伝えもあるが、平家の落ち武者や大戦での戦死者のように、死んだときの姿のまま現れると言われる幽霊も多い。
- Although an old saying claims that spirits of the war dead do not transform into yurei, many yurei of defeated Heike soldiers fleeing the enemy and yurei of soldiers killed in the two world wars are said to have appeared in the shape of the person at death.
- 毛利輝元の母が内藤氏の出身であったため重用されたが、その養子内藤元盛が大坂の陣で大坂城に入城したため子の内藤元珍らもともに切腹し没落した。
- He was entrusted with an important position because Terumoto MOURI's mother came from the Naito clan, but when his adopted son, Motomori NAITO, made a triumphal entry into the Osaka-jo Castle in the Siege of Osaka, he was forced to commit seppuku with his son, Motoyoshi NAITO, and the fortunes of the family declined.
- 出生地には、摂津国(大阪府茨木市水尾、または兵庫県尼崎市富松)という説と、越後国(新潟県旧栃尾市、現在の長岡市の軽井沢集落)という説がある。
- There are two theories about his birthplace: one claims he was born in Settsu Province (either in modern-day Mizuo, Ibaraki City, Osaka Prefecture, or in Tomimatsu, Amagasaki City, Hyogo Prefecture), while the other holds that he was born in Echigo Province (specifically in the town of Karuizawa, which is located in Nagaoka City--formerly known as Tochio--in modern-day Niigata Prefecture).
- 織田信長の中国方面軍の豊臣秀吉が攻めて来ると三木城(三木合戦)、鳥取城、高松城 (備中国)が次々と落とされたが、本能寺の変が起き命拾いした。
- When Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI of the force for attacking Chugoku of Nobunaga ODA attacked, Miki-jo Castle (Battle of the Miki-jo Castle), Tottori-jo Castle and Takamatsu-jo Castle (Bicchu Province) fell one by one, but the Mori clan narrowly escaped thanks to the Honnoji Incident.
- 川合町(かわいちょう)・下の町(しものちょう)・宮の町(みやのちょう)・中の町(なかのちょう)・上の町(かみのちょう)の五つの集落から成る。
- It comprises five communities of Kawai-cho, Shimono-cho, Miyano-cho, Nakano-cho and Kamino-cho.
- また、村落や町(ちょう)が、自らの共同体的な機能を維持するために住民に賦課する人足役(掃除・普請・番・荷物持ち)も「夫役」と呼ぶ場合がある。
- Additionally, villages and towns sometimes used the word 'buyaku' in reference to ninsokuyaku (cleanup, construction, guard and porter) that they imposed on residents in order to maintain their own communal functions.
- こうした状況下では、算道は実質上明経道に吸収された書道・音道に代わって成立した紀伝・明経・明法・算の4道の中で最下位に転落することとなった。
- Under these circumstances, Sando fell to the bottom among the four studies of Kiden (biographical history), Myogyo (study of classic Confucian writings), Myobo (law), and San (arithmetic); these had been established to replace Shodo and Ondo, which were actually absorbed into Myogyo-do.
- それ以外の「新作落語」は、多くの場合、作者もしくは初演者以外の噺家がネタにしていることが少なく、斯界全体の共通財産となっていないことが多い。
- New rakugo has mainly been performed either by the authors themselves or young or inexperienced storytellers, and most of the performances do not constitute the common property of the whole rakugo community.
- また、17~18世紀にかけて、“なごみ感”プラス“洒落”・“エスプリ”・“伊達心”等が付け加えられ、近代の進化した根付が完成されたのである。
- Also, from 17th and 18th centuries, a range of new designs - comfortable or funny, witty or elegant - contributed to the completion of the modern and advanced netsuke.
- 義祐の子・赤松則房の時代には豊臣秀吉の家臣となり、天正11年(1583年)にわずか1万石を安堵されるにすぎない小大名にまで没落してしまった。
- During the time of Norifusa AKAMATSU, the son of Yoshisuke, the clan became a Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's retainer, and it was cast down to be a minor daimyo (feudal lord) with the stipend of only 10,000 koku crop yield as of 1583.
- 環境庁の自然環境保全基礎調査の特定植物群落に選定(1986年)、および滋賀県自然環境保全条例の緑地環境保全地域に指定(1989年)されている。
- It was designated Specific Plant Community under the Environment Agency's National Survey on the Natural Environment in 1986 and was named Green Preservation Zone under the Nature Conservation Regulation in Shiga Prefecture in 1989.
- 応仁の乱は将軍や守護大名の没落を促進し、守護代であった朝倉孝景が守護大名の地位を得たことに象徴されるように、真の実力者の身分上昇をもたらした。
- The Onin War served to accelerate the downfall of Shoguns and shugo daimyos and to raise the status of true strongmen, as symbolized by the acquisition by Takakage ASAKURA, who had been a deputy shugo, of the rank of shugo daimyo.
- 14世紀中期頃には、荘園・公領内の村落が自治性を高めるようになり、畿内や西国では惣村、東国や九州では郷村とよばれる自治村落へと成長していった。
- Around the middle of the 14th century, villages within manors and government territories increased their autonomy and grew into self-governing communities, which were called soson in Kinai and western regions and goson in eastern regions and Kyushu.
- その後吉本が寄席で漫才主体の番組構成をとったことや、桂春団治など落語家の専属契約を推し進め、自社の経営する寄席である「花月」のみの出演とした。
- After that, Yoshimoto placed a priority on manzai for performances in yose, and promoted an exclusive contract with Harudanji KATSURA and other rakugo storytellers, having them perform only in 'Kagetsu', a yose that Yoshimoto operated.
- さいぼしと並ぶ被差別部落の伝統食であり幻の食材であったが、差別や偏見が解消されるにつれ、その独特の風味が一般にも広く知られるようになってきた。
- Although aburakasu, as well as saiboshi (smoked horse meat), was a traditional foodstuff for burakumin but rarely available to the general public, its distinct taste has come to be widely known to the general public as discrimination and prejudice against burakumin have faded away.
- それまで分散して居住し特に連帯してこなかった百姓らが、新たに集住して村落をつくり、強い自治意識と連帯意識に支えられた惣村を形成するようになった。
- The peasants who had lived individually, started to live in a new village and form a soson community with strong autonomous concerns and sense of common bonds.
- 百姓らの生活・経済活動はモザイク状の名を中心としていたため、彼らの住居はまばらに散在しており、住居が密集する村落という形態は出現していなかった。
- Because the peasants' livelihoods and economic activities depended on the myo, which were located in a mosaic-like manner, their residences spread thin and there was no community in the form of a village where residences were densely packed.
- また、畿内から遠い東北・関東・九州では、惣村よりも広い範囲(荘園・公領単位)で、ゆるやかな村落結合が形成されたが、これを郷村(ごうそん)という。
- In the Tohoku, Kanto and Kyushu regions far from the Kinai region, moderately unified villages were formed within a range larger than that of a soson (as a unit of manor or public land), and such villages were called goson (autonomous villages).
- 東京の版元「具足屋」が東京日日新聞の記事を題材に、落合芳幾の錦絵にふりがなつき解説文を添えて錦絵版の「東京日日新聞」として売り出したものである。
- The first one was a newspaper which was produced by a printer-publisher named 'Gusoku-ya store' (armor and furniture store) by using articles of Tokyo-nichinichi (day after day in Tokyo) Shinbun and nishiki-e prints by Hoki OCHIAI and adding explanation texts with furigana in them to the nishiki-e prints, and was also sold by Gusoku-ya as nishiki-e-version 'Tokyo-nichinichi Shnbun'.
- 『平家物語』剣の巻にある一条戻橋の鬼の話では、綱が鬼の腕を斬り落とす場面の舞台は一条戻橋であり、この後に鬼が綱の乳母に化けて腕を奪い去るとある。
- In the tale of ogre at Ichijo Modori-bashi Bridge in the chapter, named 'Tsurugi (sword)' of 'Heike Monogatari (The Tales of the Taira family)', the scene Tsuna slashed off an arm of the ogre was set on Ichijo Modori-bashi Bridge, and after that, it is said that the ogre changed himself into Tsuna's nanny and took his arm away.
- 結城落城の際、公方家の近習であった大塚匠作から一子・番作に託され、番作はその死に際して子の犬塚信乃にこの刀を滸我公方成氏に献上することを託した。
- It was entrusted by Shosaku INUZUKA, kinju (attendant) serving the kubo family, to his only son Bansaku at the time of the fall of Yuki-jo Castle, and Bansaku, on the verge of death, entrusted it to his son Shino INUZUKA and asked him to present it to Nariuji the Koga kubo.
- しかしながら、他戸親王の立太子に反対していた藤原式家の藤原良継・藤原百川兄弟の陰謀に遭い、光仁天皇を呪ったとして庶人に落とされ、母共々変死した。
- However, Imperial Prince Osabe was entrapped by a scheme of FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu and a FUJIWARA no Momokawa (brothers) from the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan who opposed his investiture of the Crown Prince; and eventually he was demoted to common people for allegedly having put a curse on Emperor Konin, thereafter he and his mother died an unnatural death.
- 一方で御家人層では、元寇後も続けられた異国警固番役の負担、元寇の恩賞や訴訟の停滞、貨幣経済の普及、所領分割などによって没落する者も増加していった。
- Contrastingly, an increasing number of those in the gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate) stratum were ruined because of the burden imposed on them by ikoku-keigoban-yaku (a kind of military service imposed on the gokenin in which they had to guard areas other than those they usually guarded), which continued even after the Mongolian expeditions against Japan; delays to the provision of rewards and settlement of lawsuits following the Mongolian expeditions; the gradual emergence of a monetary economy; and the division of their territory.
- 妙覚寺には、信忠と共に、信長の弟・織田長益(のちの織田有楽斎)も滞在していて、信忠とともに二条御所に移ったが、落城前に逃げ出した(『三河物語』)。
- Together with Nobutada, Nagamasu ODA (later, Urakusai ODA) who was Nobunaga's younger brother, also stayed in the Myokaku-ji Temple and he moved to the Nijo Gosho together with Nobutada and he run away before the fall of the castle. ('Mikawa Monogatari')
- 秀吉上陸を察知した島津軍は北部九州を半ば放棄、島津氏の支配が表面的な占領軍政に過ぎなかったこともあり、瞬く間に島津氏の支配している城を陥落させる。
- Upon sensing the landing of Hideyoshi, Shimazu's army almost abandoned northern Kyushu, and Hideyoshi captured castles ruled by the Shimazu clan instantly, partly because the rule by the Shimazu clan was nothing more than a formal rule by occupation forces.
- 将軍や管領が京都を落ち延びることは今まで何回もあったが、評定衆や奉行人といったものまで逃げ出してしまったため、京都幕府は崩壊してしまったのである。
- There had been a number of occasions in which Shogun or Shogunal Deputies escaped from Kyoto; but this time, because even the personnel like members of Council of State or magistrates also escaped, the Kyoto bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) collapsed.
- その後も一進一退の攻防が続いたが、応永27年(1420年)に蘆名盛政は新宮城_(陸奥国)を落とし、当主・新宮盛俊は戦死し、残党は越後に落ち延びた。
- Even after that, they fought back and forth at each other, but in 1420 Morimasa ASHINA conquered Shingu-jo Castle (Mutsu Province) and Moritoshi SHINGU, the lord of the castle, was killed in battle and the remainders (of the defeated party) escaped to Echigo.
- 律令制下の五色の賤との歴史的連続性については、ほぼ否定されているが、江戸時代の近世部落との連続性は、現在、歴史研究の主要な議論テーマとなっている。
- Connections between these people and the five lowly castes of the ritsuryo system were mostly denied, but connections of these people with buraku in early-modern times during the Edo period has become a major theme of historical research.
- しかし、落人が世から身を隠し潜むことにより生き長らえたという境遇にあった以上、その歴史は長く秘匿されるべきものとされていたことは想像に難くはない。
- In view of the situation where Ochudo managed to survive by hiding themselves, however, it can be easily imagined that their history was supposed to be kept secret.
- あちこちで敗れた平家一門は尾瀬も近く、片品村に至るまでも険しい山々が連なる場所まで逃げた結果、片品村に平家の落人が住み着いて繁栄することになった。
- After being defeated at various places, the Taira family escaped to Katashina-mura, which is located near Oze and surrounded by steep mountains, and Heike no Ochudo settled there and prospered.
- なお広義では、田舎の地方公共団体の市民会館などでも落語などの興行が行われるが、こうしたケースも臨時的ではあるが、(出張)寄席と見なすことが出来る。
- Rakugo or other programs are sometimes performed in a rural place, for example, in a civic hall in a local municipality, and in a broad sense, such a place can also be called yose (on a trip).
- (『三国史記』新羅本紀によれば倭が462年5月に新羅の活開城を攻め落とし、463年2月にも侵入したが、最終的に新羅が打ち破ったと記載されている)。
- (According to the 'Samguk Sagi' (History of the Three Kingdoms) Silla History, Wa had 活開城 surrendered in May 464 and invaded again in February 463, but finally Silla beat Wa).
- 本来なら数日で落とせたはずの伏見城に10日以上もの期間をかけたため、西軍のその後の美濃国・伊勢国方面に対する攻略が大きく遅れる要因となったとされる。
- The western army's delay in occupying Fushimi-jo Castle, which was expected to be completed within a few days but in fact took 10 days, is said to have been a factor in the delay of attacking Mino Province and Ise Province, to which the western army was going to proceed after taking Fushimi-jo Castle.
- 5月、勝元は北陸に落ちていた政長を含む全国の同盟者に呼びかけ、花の御所を制し、戦火から保護するという名目で将軍らを確保、天皇、上皇を室町亭に迎える。
- In May, Katsumoto successfully called on his allies nationwide, including Masanaga who had taken refuge in Hokuriku, to occupy Hana no Gosho, took into custody the Shogun and others on the pretext of protecting them from warfare, and invited the incumbent and retired emperors to Muromachi-dai.
- 応仁の乱後に家督争いなどで没落したが戦国時代を乗り切った京極氏の一系統が、佐々木氏以来の家臣・与騎の一部を組み込んで近世大名となり転封を繰り返した。
- After the Onin War, they declined for the conflicts over the succession; however, one branch of the Kyogoku clan survived the Sengoku period; they incorporated some of the vassals and lower-ranking samurai warriors who had served the Sasaki clan, and at last became Kinsei Daimyo; however, their domain was frequently changed by the order of the shogunate.
- また廃仏毀釈や大名家の没落に伴い、多くの優れた美術品が古道具市場にあふれ、美術商だった林忠正らの積極的な売買により欧米に流出しそのまま帰らなかった。
- In addition, with haibutsu-kishaku (a movement to abolish Buddhism) and the downfall of daimyo family (feudal lord family) seen notably, the market of secondhand articles began to be filled with many excellent Japanese art works, and through the aggressive intermediary contracts by Tadamasa HAYASHI and other Japanese art dealers, they flew out to the West, never to return.
- 翌天正6年(1578年)5月、雑賀荘・十ヶ郷に中郷・南郷の兵も加わって宮郷の太田城 (紀伊国)を一か月にわたり包囲攻撃したが、落城には至らなかった。
- In June of the following year, 1578, he besieged and attacked the Ota-jo Castle of miyago with Saigaso, Jikkago, nakago and nango, but he could not capture it.
- しかし、異文化間の戦争のため明・朝鮮の指揮官は民衆を巻き込んだ籠城に徹し、守将の降伏による無血開城よりも民衆を巻き込んだ落城を選ぶケースが多かった。
- As it was a war between different cultures, however, commanders of Ming and Korea devoted themselves to the tact of holding the castle involving common people and, in many cases, they chose the fall of the castle involving common people rather than bloodless surrender of a defense general.
- 日本国における古代・中世の荘園や荘園公領制下の村落の領主である権門勢家や在地の地頭たちは、その領域 (国家)を明確にして支配の正統性を主張していた。
- In the ancient and medieval periods of Japan, shoen (manor in medieval Japan) or feudal loads of the villages under the system of public lands and private estates, such as the great and powerful or the local jito (manager and lord of manor) set bounds on their territories (states) and insisted the justice of their domination over such territories.
- 師房の五世孫内大臣源通親(1149年 - 1202年)は高階栄子と組んで時の関白九条兼実を追い落とし、「源博陸」とあだ名されるほどの権勢家であった。
- Naidaijin (minister) MINAMOTO no Michichika (1149 to 1202), who was Morofusa's fifth-generation grandson, expelled the chief advisor to the Emperor Kanezane KUJO in a conspiracy with TAKASHINA no Eishi, and was a person who flaunted his power, thereby earning the nickname 'Gen Haku Riku.'
- さらに新田義貞に奉じられて鎌倉を陥落させた尊氏の嫡子・千寿王(後の2代将軍足利義詮)を補佐するために下向し、義貞に対抗して鎌倉を足利氏に掌握させる。
- Moreover Kazuuji left the capital to assist the legitimate child of Takauji, Senjuo (later the second Shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA), who had taken Kamakura with the order of Yoshisada NITTA, and he assisted the Ashikaga clan to take control of Kamakura, opposing Yoshisada.
- それ以外にも多くの古い町並みが存在するが、高度経済成長以降、大阪のベッドタウンとして都市化が進み、落ち着いた町並みも、もはや過去のものとなりつつある。
- Although there are many towns and streets that preserve the historic atmosphere, these areas urbanized rapidly during Japan's economic expansion period and turned into suburbs of Osaka, making the quiet, traditional atmosphere is rapidly becoming a thing of the past.
- これらの村落では、惣内部の法規定として、明文化された惣掟(そうおきて)を全構成員の合意のもとに制定し、惣掟に違反した者へ厳しく検断権を実行していった。
- These rural communities enacted as a legal provision within sosons a clearly-stated so okite (rules) under the agreement of all constituent members and exercised severely their rights to judge criminal cases against those who broke the so okite.
- さらに対立する村落間の紛争もしばしば自らの保有する武力によって解決され、村落ごとに高地に城砦を備え、また成員が戦闘訓練を受けていることも通例であった。
- Disputes (trouble) between conflicting rural communities were also settled by their own military power and it was usually the case that each community built fortresses at high altitudes and all members had combat training.
- 平家方として落ち延びた池田秀盛兄弟が隠れ住んだと伝わっており、秀盛の後裔と称する氏が戦国時代 (日本)の土豪として存在し、最上氏等の家臣となっている。
- It has been passed down that the Hidemori IKEDA brothers, who sided with the Taira family, escaped to this place, and the local clan calling itself the descendants of Hidemori existed as the vassals of the Mogami clan etc. in the Sengoku Period (Japan).
- 扇子と手ぬぐいは、落語の表現上抽象性があらかじめ与えられており、状況に応じて、前者は箸や刀になり、後者は財布や証文になるなど、様々な用途で使用される。
- The sensu and tenugui are given a great deal of versatility in rakugo as they are used to symbolize a range of things, for example, the former may be used to represent a pair of chopsticks or a sword, and the latter a wallet or a document.
- 各地に散らばって隠れ住んだ平家の落人の子孫を自称する武家は大変多く、代表的なものとして薩摩国の種子島氏、対馬国の宗氏、尾張国の織田氏などが挙げられる。
- Heike no Ochiudo (Heike fugitives from the Genpei War) scattered across the country to live their lives in secrecy, and many samurai families that identified themselves as descendants of the Ochiudo included the Tanegashima clan in Satsuma Province, the So clan in Tsushima Province, and the Oda clan in Owari Province.
- 戦いは当初地の利に勝る尼子勢が優勢だったが、攻め落とすのが難しいと判断した吉川元春が住民に間道を教えてもらい、別働隊を率いて裏から布部山の頂上に登った。
- While the Amago army was initially dominant due to the advantageous location, Motoharu KIKKAWA found it difficult to defeat the Amago army and obtained information about a by-path from local residents and went up to the top of Fubeyama from the rear side of the mountain, leading a separate battalion of troops.
- 当初、柴の行為に問題無しとして念のため会津藩から医師と謝罪の使者を送り、これに対し土佐藩側も最初に名乗らなかった麻田にも落ち度があると理解を示していた。
- At first, Shiba's action was passed and the Aizu clan dispatched a doctor and a messenger to apologize to the Tosa clan; the Tosa clan responded by mentioning that Asada was also to blame for not having mentioned his name in the beginning.
- このため、鎌倉期以前の荘園では、住居がまばらに点在する散村が通常であったが、室町期に入ると、民衆が自己防衛のため村落単位で団結する傾向が強まっていった。
- For this reason, in the shoen before the Kamakura period, the dispersed rural settlements where the houses were sparsely scattered were normal, but in the Muromachi period the common people increasingly tended to consolidate as a village unit for self-defense.
- また、ジャパンエナジー、新日本石油なども、本来の企業カラーを全面的に使用せず、ロゴマーク部分を白地、または落ち着きのある色を使うものにしているのもある。
- Also, companies such as Japan Energy Corporation and Nippon Oil Corporation use white or subdued colors for their logos instead of using their usual corporate colors.
- 重勝は秀吉の没後、徳川家康と石田三成とが対立すると三成に味方し、1600年(慶長5年)には家康方の細川幽斎が守る田辺城を攻め落城させた(田辺城の戦い)。
- After Hideyoshi passed away, Shigekatsu stood by the side of Mitsunari ISHIDA during Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's conflict with Mitsunari; in 1600, he attacked and conquered Tanabe-jo Castle protected by Yusai HOSOKAWA who stood at Ieyasu's side (the Battle of Tanabe-jo Castle).
- 応仁の乱以降、将軍の権威が失墜すると細川氏以外の三管四職も没落し、さらに戦国時代中期に至って細川氏の勢力が減退すると室町幕府の諸制度は形骸化していった。
- Upon the abasement of the Shogun's authority after the Onin Rebellion, Sankan Shishiki (other than the Hosokawa clan) also fell, and when in the middle of the Age of Civil War the power of the Hosokawa clan weakened, the various systems of Muromachi Bakufu became mere terms.
- 十和田湖火山噴火に伴う洪水から高台に逃げ出した集落からは、専門に鉄製品を作っていた集落も発掘されており(大館市)蝦夷は鉄を朝廷側から得る必要も無かった。
- The settlement specializing in iron products was found in Odate City from the settlements that had escaped the flood caused by the eruption of the volcano in Lake Towada-ko, thus demonstrating that the Emishi didn't need to obtain even iron from the Imperial Court.
- 最終的には、豊臣秀吉による兵農分離(刀狩)と土地所有確認(太閤検地)の結果、惣村という結合形態は消滅し、江戸時代に続く近世村落が形成していったとされる。
- As a result of heinobunri (a separation of the warrior class in this domain from the soil) (Sword Hunt) and the confirmation of land ownership (Taiko-kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), which had been implemented by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, the style of connection called the soson finally disappeared, and there emerged early-modern villages that survived in the Edo period.
- かつて、パリオリンピック (1900年)では「乗馬走り高跳び」「乗馬走り幅跳び」の2種目があったが、転倒・落馬の危険が高いため、この回のみで廃止された。
- In the Paris Olympic Games of 1900, equestrian high jumps and long jumps were performed, but they were no longer performed since then because of a high risk of tumbles and falls.
- 江戸時代の藤波種忠が勅勘を蒙り、ひとたびは地下人(じげ)に転落したが、孫の藤波景忠(正二位・神祇大副)(1647年-1727年)の代に再び堂上家に復帰。
- When Tanetada FUJINAMI in the Edo period was censored due to Imperial decree, the family was once demoted to Jige (low class nobles); however, at the time of his grandson Kagetada FUJINAMI (Senior Second Rank, Jingi taifu) (1647 - 1727), the family was reinstated in the Tosho-ke.
- 落語の「七段目」は、芝居好きの若旦那が丁稚と二階の部屋で平右衛門とおかるの件を演じ、丁稚が階段から落ちて「怪我はないか」「なあに、七段目」と下げる芝居噺。
- Rakugo 'Shichidanme' is a shibai-banashi (rakugo story based on kabuki) in which a servant boy and his young master, who likes kabuki, play the roles of Okaru and Heiemon respectively, in a room on the second floor, then the servant boy falls down the stairs, the young master says, 'Are you all right?' and the servant boy replies, 'I am all right, I only fell down from shichidanme' (seventh step on the stairs).
- 「夜嵐 悲しみの声、蟲の音、まじりておつる露涙、ほろほろはらはらはらと(夜の嵐、悲しみの声、蟲のなく声、それらがまじりあって落ちる涙 ほろほろはらはら)」
- My cry of sorrow blends with the singing of the insects, and tears trickle down in the stormy night.'
- なお、両者の線引きは必ずしも明確ではなく、多くの演者によって演じられる新作落語(桂米朝 (3代目)作「一文笛」等)のように境界線上にある作品も少なくない。
- The distinction between classical rakugo and new rakugo is not always clear, and a number of works such as Little Flute (a new rakugo performance created by the third Beicho KATSURA and performed by many storytellers) are deemed to be ambiguous in terms of which category they belong to.
- なお、狭義の寄席は上記落語寄席のなかでも、東京の鈴本演芸場、新宿末廣亭、浅草演芸ホール、池袋演芸場の四席のみとされ、国立演芸場などは含めないケースが多い。
- It is said that, of all the yose described above, yose in a strict sense are limited to only four theaters--the Suzumoto Engeijo theater, the Shinjuku Suehirotei theater, the Asakusa Engei Hall and the Ikebukuro Engeijo theater--excluding the National Engei Hall and other theaters in most cases.
- 厩戸の毛人への思いはやがて愛へと変わってゆき、毛人も自分が厩戸に惹かれていることを感じるが、やがて石上神宮の巫女であった布都姫と出会い、恋に落ちてしまう。
- Umayado's feelings for Emishi shortly turned into love and Emishi also realized that he was attracted to Umayado, but before long, he met Futohime who was miko (a shrine maiden) of Isonokami-jingu Shrine and fell in love with her.
- 落城を目前にした義実は飼犬八房に「景連の首を取ってきたら娘の伏姫を与える」と戯れを言うが、八房は一声吠えると敵陣に踊り込み、景連の首を持参して戻って来た。
- When the castle was about to fall, Yoshizane joked with his dog Yatsufusa that he would give the dog his daughter, Princess Fuse, if it killed Kagetsura, and Yatsufusa, barking once, jumped into the enemy encampment and came back with Kagetsura's head.
- すると鬘は空を飛んで尾張国丹羽郡に落ちたので、建岡君は同地に社を建て、また同地も阿豆良(あづら)が訛って阿豆良(あづら)の里と呼ばれるようになったとある。
- Then, as the kazura flew in the air and landed in Niwa Country, Owari Province, Takeoka no kimi constructed a shrine there, since then the place where the shrine was constructed has been called Azura no sato (Village of Azura), phonetically modified from the word 'kazura' (chaplet).
- このため、本拠を置塩城に移し、晴政の子・赤松義祐は当時の天下人である織田信長と同盟を結ぶなどして勢力回復を図るが、浦上宗景との戦いに敗れて結局は没落した。
- To recover the presence, the clan took those countermeasures, including transferring of its home base to Okishio-jo Castle, and the alliance of Yoshisuke AKAMATSU, the son of Harumasa and Nobunaga ODA, who was the then tenkabito (person becoming the ruler of the country), however, the clan lost in the battle against Munekage URAGAMI and it eventually collapsed.
- この時期の清盛の出世について「当時の貴族社会の中では清盛を白河上皇の落胤とする説が信じられており、このことが清盛の異例の昇進に強く影響した」という説もある。
- Regarding the rapid progression of Kiyomori's career at this time, there is a hypothesis that 'many within the aristocracy believed the theory that Kiyomori was retired Emperor Shirakawa's illegitimate child and this led to his rapid promotion.'
- 平氏の都落ち後、六波羅の地は源頼朝に与えられ、京都守護となった北条時政が京都守護の庁舎を置き(後、一族の北条時定が駐留する)、頼朝や御家人の宿舎が築かれた。
- After the Taira clan was exiled from Kyoto, Rokuhara was given to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and Tokimasa HOJO, who became Kyoto shugo, built buildings there for Kyoto shugo (where Tokisada HOJO of the Hojo clan were later stationed) and residents of Yoritomo and gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo period).
- しかし、初期・前期の村落内では前代を引き継ぐ階層差が大きく、(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)のどれかを欠く家(小百姓あるいは多様な隷属民)も多数存在していた。
- In the early villages, the hierarchy which was inherited from the previous period was significant, and there were a large number of families who lacked any of (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5) (peasants who owned little plow land or various subordinate people).
- 幽斎は頑強に抵抗したものの、やはり援軍の見込みのない籠城戦の上、兵力の差がありすぎたため、7月19日から始まった攻城戦は、7月末には落城寸前となったのである。
- Despite the intense resistance of Yusai, it was unlikely that Yusai and his soldiers would have been able to fight equally against ISHIDA's army due to the lack of hope of support and the visible difference in force size, and accordingly, the battle to capture the castle started on July 19, and the castle was nearly captured by the end of July.
- 以仁王は30騎に守られて辛うじて平等院から脱出したが、藤原景高の軍勢に追いつかれ、山城国相楽郡光明山鳥居の前で、敵の矢に当たって落馬したところを討ち取られた。
- Prince Mochihito, protected by 30 cavalry, just barely managed to escape from Byodoin temple, but was chased by FUJIWARA no Kagetaka's forces, and was killed after being struck by an arrow and falling from his horse in front of the torii (shrine gate) of Komyozan (Gantoku-ji temple) in Soraku district of Yamashiro province.
- 2月28日には駿河に残された武田側の数少ない拠点の一つである戸倉城・三枚橋城を落とし、続いて3月に入ると沼津市や富士市にあった武田側の諸城を陥落させていった。
- On February 28, 1582, Ujimasa captured Tokura-jo Castle and Sanmaibashi-jo Castle which were part of the few remaining footholds of Takeda in Suruga, and subsequently in March, he took control of castles on the Takeda side in Numazu City and Fuji City.
- この流れを伊豆多田氏と呼び、室町期には摂津と伊豆に領土を安堵されるが、永正年間(1504年 - 1520年)の将軍家家督争いで足利義稙側に付き没落したという。
- This lineage, referred to as the Izu-Tada clan, was authorized to own its lands in the Settsu and Izu provinces during the Muromachi period but is said to have been in decline in the Eisho era (A.D. 1504 - 1520) because it took the side of Yoshitane ASHIKAGA in the midst of the dispute over succession to the shogunate.
- 青銅で造られた十円硬貨は、ソース (調味料)、酢、醤油、レモン汁、洗剤等に浸すと、表面の金属酸化物や汚れが溶出したり脱落して一見未使用硬貨のような光沢を放つ。
- Ten-yen coins are made of bronze, and as such, when immersed in Worcestershire sauce, vinegar, soy sauce, lemon juice, or even detergent, the metal oxide and dirt on the surface is eluted or dissolved, and the coins look shiny as though they had never been used.
- 泗川は日本軍の策源地であった釜山広域市と日本軍最左翼の順天倭城・南海倭城の中間に位置する為、ここを落とされると西方にいる軍との連絡が分断される可能性があった。
- Since Sacheon City was located midway between Busan Metropolitan City of the supply base of the Japanese army and Suncheon Waeseong and Namhae Waeseong (Namhae Japanese Castle) at the extreme left wing of the Imperial Japanese Army, the communication with the army on the western side would be cut off if the city fell.
- 部落解放同盟京都府連合会委員長であった朝田善之助は、「アメリカ帝国主義とそれに従属する日本独占資本」への対決に収斂しようとする共産党系の運動論を強く批判した。
- Zennosuke ASADA, who was a chairman of the Buraku Liberation League, Kyoto Federation, strongly accused the Communist Party of the leaning movement that led to the conclusion of the confrontation against 'American imperialism and its subservient Japanese monopoly capital.'
- そして訪れた同志(二人侍 千崎弥五郎、原郷右衛門)からも、「駆け落ち者からの金は受け取れない、ましてやそのために悪事を働くとは何事か」とさんざんに責められる。
- His comrades (the two samurai, Yagoro SENZAKI and Goemon HARA), who are visiting him, also blame him by saying, 'We can't take money from someone who eloped, let alone money obtained by doing evil things.'
- 高知県物部村 (高知県)市宇字程野(現・香美市)に伝わる話では、2-3間の深さのすり鉢状の穴に落ち抜け出せずに泣いている牛鬼を、屋地に住んでいる老婆が助けた。
- According to a folktale handed down in Aza-Hodono, Ichiu (present-day Kami City), Monobe Village (of Kochi Prefecture), Kochi Prefecture, an old woman living in the interior helped the Ushioni that had fallen into a cone-shaped pit 3.6 to 5.4 meters deep and been crying for not be able to get out of it.
- 歌舞伎では『青砥稿花紅彩画』浜松屋の日本駄右衛門や『三人吉三廓初買』お竹蔵のお坊吉三等のように、武家方などの落ちついた年配りの男が微行の際に用いることが多い。
- Sojuro-zukin is often worn by a cool, aged samurai or the like such as Daemon NIPPON from Hamamatsu-ya in 'Aoto Zoshi Hana no Nishikie' (the title of the play about exhilarating action of five thieves), or Obo Kichisa from Otakegura in 'Sannin Kichisa Kuruwa no Hatsugai' (the title of the play about the personal relationships of three thieves), when they are under an incognito in Kabuki.
- 文安の麹騒動(ぶんあんのこうじそうどう)とは、室町時代、京都において酒造工程の一つである麹造りを支配していた座(北野麹座)が室町幕府の攻撃を受けて没落した事件。
- Bunan no Koji Sodo was an incident in which Kitano koji za (a guild in Kitano for producers of koji malt, a kind of mold grown on produce such as boiled rice), who controlled production of koji malt (which is part of the sake brewing process) in Kyoto, was attacked by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) causing its decline during the Muromachi Period.
- まさか鬼の生き残りがいるわけがないと思った綱が羅生門に行ってみると、そこには茨木童子(または美女にばけた茨木童子)がいて、やはり格闘の末、鬼の腕を切り落とした。
- Tsuna had been certain that no oni had survived the earlier purge, yet sure enough, as soon as he reached Rashomon, there stood Ibaraki Doji (in some versions Ibaraki Doji had taken the form of a beautiful maiden), and indeed the result of their duel was that Ibaraki Doji had his arm cut off.
- 参考として、通常の黄砂の場合、舞い上げられた砂塵の3割が発生地に、2割が発生地の周辺地域に、5割が日韓や太平洋などの遠方に運ばれて落下・沈着すると言われている。
- As a reference, it is said that, in an ordinary kosa, 30 percent of the dust flung up into the air falls and stays in the place where the kosa originates, 20 percent in its vicinity, and 50 percent is moved to, falls in and stays in far places like Japan, Korea and the Pacific Ocean.
- 年貢については、石高を村落全体で集計した村高(むらだか)に応じた額が、村の年貢量とされ、年貢納入は村落が一括納入の義務を負う村請(むらうけ)の形態が採用された。
- The murauke system (a village's collective responsibility for tax payment) was established in order to collect the nengu from the village as a collective unit, in which an amount of nengu was determined from the total kokudaka of the entire village.
- また、遣唐使の廃止による中国文化への関心低下と律令制の弛緩、藤原氏摂関政治の確立による中下流貴族の没落などによって、大学寮の地位も徐々に低下していくようになる。
- Also, the status of Daigaku-ryo gradually declined due to reasons such as a decrease in interest in Chinese culture because of the abolishment of Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty China, the relaxation of the Ritsuryo system, and the downfall of low and middle ranking peers owing to the establishment of Fujiwara's Sekkan (regents and advisers) government.
- 狐は咄嗟に藪の中に逃げ込んだが、慌てたために井戸に落ち、命を落としてしまった(別説では猟師に鉄砲で撃たれた、または自ら死期を悟って別れの茶会を開いたともいう)。
- The fox escaped instantaneously into the bush, but it was too frantic to see the destination and so fell into a well to death (according to other theories, the fox was shot by a hunter with a gun or held the farewell tea ceremony by predicting his own death).
- 弾丸の先端に形状が似ただるまの下に、薄い円柱を数段重ね、それを横から1段ずつ木槌で叩いて抜き、倒れないようにうまく一番上のだるまを落とすという玩具・遊びである。
- Daruma otoshi is a toy consisting several thin circular pieces stacked up with a daruma doll similar to a tip of a bullet on top, where players knock disks one by one from the flank with an wooden mallet without toppling the disk tower, and the winner of the game is the person who can remove all disks only remaining a daruma doll on the floor.
- また、足利政権から正式に守護に選ばれたのは、一族で和義が最初であったが、在国一年程度では国人の被官化には繋がらずそれが、勢力を急速に落とした要因にも成っている。
- Kazuyoshi was the first clan member to be appointed as Shugo by the Ashikaga government, but one year service was not long enough to vassalize local lords, which fact partly resulted in his rapid decline.
- 時忠は壇ノ浦の合戦後、能登国に流され没落したが、時忠の弟平親宗の子孫(唐橋家)や叔父平信範の子孫(西洞院家・安居院家・烏丸家)は鎌倉時代以降も公家として続いた。
- After the Battle of Dan no ura, Tokitada was exiled to the Noto Province and died there, but the descendants of his brother TAIRA no Chikamune (the Karahashi family) and those of his uncle TAIRA no Nobunori (the Nishinotoin family, the Agoin family and the Karasumaru family) survived as court nobles through the Kamakura period.
- しかし1579年(天正7年)8月に織田信長に丹波平定を命ぜられた明智光秀は横山城を攻め落とし、城主の塩見信房は自害し果て、塩見氏の福知山統治は終焉することになる。
- However, Mitsuhide AKECHI who was ordered by Nobunaga ODA to take over Tanba conquered Yokoyama-jo Castle in August 1579, and Nobufusa SHIOMI, its steward, killed himself, which brought about the end of the rule of Fukuchiyama under the Shiomi clan.
- 尾張の織田信長が足利義昭を擁して上洛の大軍を興すと六角氏は敵対し、9月13日に信長に支城の箕作城を落とされると、六角義賢・六角義治は観音寺城から逃げ無血開城した。
- The Rokkaku clan fought against the great army that Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, as the Shogun, and Nobunaga ODA, who was from Owari Province, formed in order to go to Kyoto, and after the defeat of the subsidiary castle - Mitsukuri-jo Castle on September 13, Yoshikata ROKKAKU and Yoshiharu ROKKAKU fled Kannonji-jo Castle without any resistance.
- 中には所領を増加させる御家人もいたが、没落傾向にある御家人も少なくなく、所領を売却したり、質入するなどして失い、幕府への勤仕ができない無足御家人も増加していった。
- Some gokenin, some increased the number of territories they held but a considerable number went into decline, with an increase in the number of musoku gokenin (a vassal without territory) who sold or pawned their territories and were unable to work for bakufu.
- 「落とし噺」や「人情噺」が素で上演されるのに対して、芝居のような書割や音曲を利用し、場合によっては演者が立って芝居のごとき見得をしたりする演目を「芝居噺」という。
- Otoshi-banashi and ninjo-banashi are both performed simply by talking, but in contrast shibai-banashi are staged like a shibai (theatrical performance or play), in which a kakiwari (stage setting) and music are used, and occasionally the performer may stands up and pose as part of the performance.
- 戦国時代 (日本)末期の1575年、織田信長から丹波・丹後進攻の命を受けた家臣の明智光秀と細川幽斎らに侵攻され、旧守護職の一色義道は殺され、一色氏は完全に没落した。
- In 1575, during the end of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), Mitsuhide AKECHI and Yusai HOSOKAWA who were ordered to invade Tanba and Tango by Nobunaga ODA, killed former Shugoshoku Yoshimichi ISSHIKI, leading to the downfall of the Isshiki clan.
- ちょうどこの時(6月3日 (旧暦)夜)、秀吉方は明智光秀から毛利方に送られた使者を捕らえ、信長が明智光秀の謀反によって京都市の本能寺で落命したという密書を手にする。
- At just about the same time, on the evening of July 2, Hideyoshi captured the messenger sent by Mitsuhide AKECHI to Mori, got a secret letter saying that Nobunaga had lost his life by the rebellion of Mitsuhide AKECHI at Honno-ji Temple in Kyoto City.
- 乙名は元々、村落の祭祀を執り行う宮座(みやざ)の代表者をさしていたが、惣村の結合が宮座での儀式を中心として行われていたことから、惣村の指導者を意味するようになった。
- The Otona originally meant a representative of miyaza (organization of shrine parishioners in a hamlet), which executed religious services in a village; however, as the soson was connected mainly through a ceremony held at miyaza, Otona came to mean the leader of the soson.
- ところが、午後1時頃より愛宕山 (京都市)上空から黒雲が垂れ込めて平安京を覆いつくして雷雨が降り注ぎ、それから凡そ1時間半後に清涼殿の南西の第一柱に落雷が直撃した。
- Ironically, however, around one o'clock in the afternoon on that day, dark clouds lowered on Mt. Atago (Kyoto City) and overwhelmed Heiankyo along with a thunderstorm -- About an hour and a half later, a thunderbolt struck the first pillar at the southwest corner of the Seiryoden.
- 「続日本紀」にある元明天皇譲位の際の詔には「天の縦せる寛仁、沈静婉レンにして、華夏載せ佇り」とあり「慈悲深く落ち着いた人柄であり、あでやかで美しい」と記されている。
- In an imperial edict issued at the time of her mother Empress Genmei's abdication as recorded in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicles of Japan Continued), she was described as being gracious, calm, glamorous and beautiful.
- 比叡山で元服を行い、1336年(建武3年)に尊氏が京都で敗れて九州落ちすると再び奥州へ戻るが、1337年(延元2年 / 建武4年)多賀城が襲撃されたため西国に戻る。
- He celebrated his coming of age at Hieizan, and returned to Oshu (Northern Honshu, the region encompassing Mutsu and Dewa provinces) when Takauji was defeated in Kyoto and fled to Kyushu in 1336, but in 1337, he turned back to Saigoku (western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki)) because Taga-jo castle was assaulted.
- 江戸時代以降、大坂市街地の南にかつて「渡辺村」と呼ばれた被差別部落民の集落があり皮革製造、太鼓製造などを行ってきたが、ここも本来の渡辺津の場所からはかなり離れている。
- After the Edo period, on the south of the urban area of Osaka City, there was a settlement of Burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast group) called 'Watanabe-mura Village,' manufacturing leather, drums and such, and this place also was a good distance from the location where Watanabe no tsu used to be.
- 当時穴山梅雪を伴い領国加増の御礼で安土城を訪問した後堺市にいた徳川家康は伊賀国越えにより難を逃れているが、遅れて出発した梅雪は木津川 (京都府)畔京田辺市で落命した。
- While Ieyasu TOKUGAWA--who was in Sakai City after a visit to Azuchi-jo Castle accompanied by Baisetsu ANAYAMA in order to show his appreciation for the increase of his own territory--escaped the hardship by traveling beyond Iga Province, Baisetsu, who departed later, was killed in Kyotanabe City on the Kizu-gawa riverfront (Kyoto Prefecture).
- 以仁王の乱(治承4年(1180年))で、祖父源頼政と父源兼綱を討たれた源顕綱は母と共に三河国額田郡大河内郷(現在の東名高速道路の岡崎インターチェンジの辺り)に落ちた。
- MINAMOTO no Akitsuna, who lost his grandfather MINAMOTO no Yorimasa and father MINAMOTO no Kanetsuna in the War of Prince Mochihito of 1180, fled to Okochi-go, Nukata County, in Mikawa Province (now near the Okazaki interchange of the Tomei Highway) with his mother.
- 8月1日、逃亡先の近江甲賀郡の国人らを味方に引き入れ急ぎ京に戻った三好之長が、細川澄之の最後の砦となっていた遊初軒を高国勢とともに一気に攻め落したため澄之は自害した。
- On September 17, Yukinaga MIYOSHI, who had escaped to Koga-gun, Omi Province where he won the support of the local lords, rushed back to the capital; together with the Takakuni forces, Yukinaga captured Yushoken in one stroke, causing Sumiyuki HOSOKAWA to commit suicide since it was the last of his strongholds.
- 北条氏の得宗専制体制は強化されるが、元寇以後には、元寇の戦功に応じた恩賞を受けられず没落する御家人が増加し、執権の地位は有名無実化し、諸国では悪党の活動が活発化する。
- Although the Tokuso autocracy system of the Hojo clan had been strengthened, after the Mongol invasion attempts against Japan, there was an increase of in the number of gokenin who became bankrupt having received no reward in return for their service in repelling the Mongol invasion attempts; consequently, the position of regent became symbolic and gangsters increased their activities in various provinces.
- 寿永2年(1183年)7月、源義仲に攻められた平氏は安徳天皇と三種の神器を奉じて京都を落ちるが、その後の鎌倉政権の源頼朝と義仲との対立に乗じて摂津国福原京まで復帰した。
- In July, 1183, the Taira troops, that had been attacked by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, together with Emperor Antoku and the three Imperial Regalia and departed from Kyoto, but thereafter took advantage of their conflict with MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who was in charge of the government at Kamakura, and Yoshinaka to stage a comeback of Taira support extending as far as Fukuhara of Settsu Province.
- しかし、惣村の持っていた自治的性格は、祭祀面や水利面などを中心に近世村落へも幾分か継承され、村請制度や分郷下における村の統一維持に大きな役割を果たしたと考えられている。
- However, the soson's predisposition toward self-government was passed down to early-modern villages mainly in terms of religious service and water supplies, and it is considered that such a characteristic was instrumental in unifying and maintaining the village under the murauke system (village-wide, collective responsibility for tax payment) and Bungo (system of governing the Go).
- 九太夫の頭を箸でつまみ「梅干とはどうじゃいな」酒の猪口(ちょこ)を鋸の上に置き「義理チョコとはどうじゃいな」手ぬぐいと座布団で「暫とはどうじゃいな」といった落ちをつける
- Examples are: 'how about umeboshi' while picking Kudayu's head with chopsticks, 'how about girichoko' (chocolate given out as a social obligation on valentine's Day) while putting a sake cup (choko) on a saw (nokogiri), and 'how about Shibaraku' (title of a drama) while showing a towel and zabuton (Japanese cushion), and they all use puns.
- 文化 (元号)四年 (1807) に富岡八幡宮の祭礼でごったがえした付近の永代橋が崩落した事件と、文政三年 (1820) に起きた深川の芸者殺しの事件を題材にしている。
- Its' themes were based on the Eidai-bashi bridge-collapsing incident that occurred in 1807 around a place thronged with people for a festival at Tomioka Hachiman-gu Shrine, and on the geisha-killing incident that occurred in 1820 in Fukagawa.
- これを検討すると、河内国太秦には弥生中期頃の高地性集落(太秦遺跡)が確認されており、付近の古墳群からは5~6世紀にかけての渡来人関係の遺物が出土(太秦古墳群)している。
- A fortified hilltop settlement dating from the middle of the Yayoi period was found in the Uzumasa in Kawachi Province (the Uzumasa site), and artifacts of the fifth to sixth centuries relating to Toraijin (the Chinese and Koreans who settled in Japan in the fourth to seventh centuries), have been excavated (from a cluster of nearby burial mounds).
- それ以前の鞆の成り立ちがどのようなものであったかは、はっきりしないが、遺跡の分布状況などから、弥生時代にはすでにある程度の集落が成立していた可能性が高いと考えられている。
- Although the origin of Tomo until that is unclear, the distribution of ruins and others suggests that it is highly possible that some sort of settlement was organized to some extent in the Yayoi period.
- 鎌倉時代後期から、名門武家・公家を始めとする旧来の支配勢力は、生産力向上に伴い力をつけてきた国人・商人・農民などによって、その既得権益を侵食され没落の一途をたどっていた。
- Since the late Kamakura period, old-established ruling powers including celebrated samurai families and court nobles suffered gradual deprivation of their vested interest by kokujin, merchants, and farmers, who had been gaining power along with the enhancement of productivity, and were in a consistent process of downfall.
- 斯波氏没落後、足利義詮はすぐにその領国である若狭国・越前・越中国・摂津などの守護職を没収し、幕府の御料所となし、奉行人を派遣して、寺社本所領の返付や半済の停止を執行した。
- After the collapse of the Shiba clan, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA immediately deprived it of shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) of the provinces of Wakasa, Echizen, Ecchu and Settsu, made these provinces bakufu's territory, dispatched bugyonin (group of magistrates), returned Jisha Honjo Ryo (lands formerly owned by temples/shrines) and suspended hanzei (shugo's right to collect half of the taxes).
- そもそも平家の落人とは、清和源氏と平家とが雌雄を決した源平合戦で一ノ谷の戦い、屋島の戦い、壇ノ浦の戦いにおいて平家方が連戦連敗を繰り返した中で発生した平家方の難民である。
- In the first place, Heike no Ochudo were fugitives of the Taira family side who were repeatedly defeated in the Battle of Ichi no tani, the Battle of Yashima and the Battle of Dan no ura during the Genpei War in which Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) and the Taira family fought a decisive battle.
- 同年4月9日、摂津国の主だった国衆達は細川高国方につき、また大内義興軍が接近しつつある情勢を不利と読んだ細川澄元や三好之長は、自らの屋敷に火を放ち再び近江国に落ち延びた。
- On May 18, 1508, Sumimoto HOSOKAWA and Yukinaga MIYOSHI realized the disadvantage of having a band of kunishu (local samurai) who ruled Settsu Province take the side of Takakuni HOSOKAWA and also of the army of Yoshioki OUCHI close at hand, set fire to their residence and fled to Omi Province again.
- 従って本来は西洋かぶれ・外面や形式のみを追い求める軽佻浮薄な様子などの負の意味が強かったが、転じて、進歩的・近代的・華麗・優美・お洒落など、肯定的な意味合いも強くなった。
- Therefore, the word originally had a strong negative meaning referring to westoxication/ flirtatious manners of following only outer aspects and patterns, but came to include an affirmative meaning of progressive/modernized/gorgeous/decent/fashionable and so on.
- 源義経主従が奥州に落ちる途中、安宅の関で関守にとめられ、弁慶がいつわりの勧進帳(寺院などの建立にあたって寄進を集めるための公認の趣意書)を読んでその場を逃れた逸話を描く。
- It depicts an anecdote that MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and his servants were stopped at the Ataka barrier station by a barrier keeper on the way they fled to the Oshu area, and Benkei read out a false kanjincho (a prospectus to gather donation for establishing a temple), which led them to get away from the situation.
- また鳥山石燕の妖怪画集『百器徒然袋』にある不落不落は、石燕による解説文では狐火の妖怪とされているが、画図では提灯として描かれているために提灯お化けの一種だとする説もある。
- 'Burabura' in 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro', a collection of ghost prints by Sekien TORIYAMA, is described as the ghost of a fire fox by the author, but it is drawn as a lantern, and so there is a view that it is a kind of a lantern ghost.
- 特に歌舞伎や古典落語では、本来の台詞にあるさして重要ではない語句を、関連性のある現代の「時の人」や「時の話題」に差し替えて、思わず観客をニヤリとさせる場面が時折見られる。
- Especially, in Kabuki and Classical Rakugo (classical comic story-telling), unimportant words in the original lines are sometimes replaced with today's related 'person of the day' or 'topic of the day', and the audience cannot help grinning at such a scene.
- そして、『東海道中』シリーズは、文化6年(1809年)の第8編(大阪見物)で一段落したが、文化11年(1814年)に、旅立ちの発端(はじまり)の編が、追いかけて出された。
- The 'Tokaidochu' series ended in 1809 with the eighth volume (Sightseeing in Osaka), but there was a follow-up publication in 1814 of a volume on the inception of the trip.
- よって、古代の賎民と中世以降の被差別民、さらに近代以降被差別部落と呼ばれるようになった江戸時代の被差別民共同体との歴史的連続性はなく、性質の異なる起源を有したと考えられる。
- Therefore, it can be concluded that the ancient lowly persons and those discriminated after the medieval period as well as communities of discriminated people during the Edo period which came to be called burakumin (people come from or live in special hamlets) in the modern period and after were not connected historically and had different origins.
- 宗厳は戦国時代に、松永久秀に仕えたが、その久秀が織田信長と争って滅亡し、さらに豊臣秀吉の太閤検地によって隠田の罪で2000石の所領を没収されるなど、次第に落ちぶれていった。
- Munetoshi served Hisahide MATSUNAGA in the Sengoku period, however his clan gradually dwindled as his master Hisahide was destroyed by Nobunaga ODA, and he forfeited 2,000 koku (360.78 cubic meters of rice) of his territory on charge of hiding rice fields when Taiko Kenchi (Hideyoshi Toyotomi's nationwide land survey) was held.
- しかし、「もし他の客に落籍されるような事があればきっぱり己の命を絶つ」という小春の言葉を治兵衛から聞いたおさんは彼女との義理を考えて太兵衛に先んじた身請けを治兵衛に勧める。
- However, Osan who heard from Jihe that Koharu had said 'she would definitely commit suicide if other customer did miuke for her' recommended Jihe to conduct miuke before Tahee, considering a it as a duty of hers.
- 現在では最も袖丈の短い小振袖はほとんど着用されないが、格式があれば中振袖でも第一礼装とし通用するとされ、一般的な大振袖より格が落ちるわけではない(むしろ古風と認識される)。
- Today, hardly anyone wears the short furisode, which has the shortest sleeves of the three types of furisode; instead, it is the middle-length furisode that has become the most popular type of formal wear for ceremonies and the like, and the middle-length furisode is not necessarily seen as a step down in formality from the long furisode (indeed, the mid-length furisode has earned recognition as an even older, more venerable style).
- 戦国時代_(日本)に入ると、下剋上による守護大名の没落に伴う新興勢力、あるいは逆に領内支配の確立して守護領国制を脱却した旧守護大名による戦国大名が新たな支配者として浮上する。
- In the Sengoku period (period of warring states), the emerging power resulted from the fall of Shugo daimyo (feudal lords) along with gekokujo (an inverted social order when the lowly reigned over the elite), or on the other hand, Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) from old Shugo daimyo, who sloughed off the Shugo-ryogoku system (system that a Shugo dominates a manor) and established the government of the domain appeared as new rulers.
- その子江戸通房の代には上杉禅秀の乱が勃発し、鎌倉公方足利持氏についた通房は、禅秀方に味方して共に没落した大掾氏の一族の馬場氏の拠点である馬場城(後の水戸城)の近辺に所領を得た。
- When the War of Zenshu UESUGI occurred, Michikage's son Michifusa supported Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, the then-Kamakura kubo, and gained a territory near the Baba-jo Castle (later Mito-jo Castle) owned by the Baba clan, a family of the Daijo clan who sided with Zenshu and fell.
- その後の治承・寿永の乱では、行綱が摂津武士を率いて源氏方の一翼として活躍したが、東国武士の棟梁となり清和源氏の嫡流を自認した源頼朝によって多田荘を奪われると多田源氏は没落した。
- Although Yukitsuna commanded Settsu warriors and participated actively in the Jisho and Juei Disturbances on the Genji side, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, the head of the eastern warriors and heir of Seiwa-Genji, seized control of Tada Manor, resulting in the fall of the Tada-Genji.
- 大きく分けて原本に近いと考えられる本(内閣文庫・平安博物館所蔵本など)と洞院実守書写と伝えられるものの、一部に脱落と錯簡が見られる系統(尊経閣文庫所蔵本など)のものが存在する。
- Existing books are basically divided into two groups, namely those considered to be close to the original (a book owned by the Cabinet Library, a book owned by the Heian Museum of Ancient History, etc.) and those with some omissions and out of order pages which are believed to be the manuscript of Sanemori TOIN (a book owned by Sonkeikaku Bunko Library).
- これに対して朝田善之助らは、1966年1月15日、部落解放同盟中央本部の指示によって独自に府連大会を開き、朝田を委員長とする別個の府連体制(以下「朝田府連」と呼ぶ)を構築した。
- On the other hand, on Janurary 15, 1966, ordered by the Buraku Liberation League Headquarter, Zennosuke ASADA and others held their own Kyoto Federation meeting to establish another Kyoto Federation system (hereinafter referred to as 'Asada Furen,' Asada faction's Federation) with Asada as the chairman.
- 道隆の死去とその嫡男藤原伊周の失脚により、藤原道長が最高権力者となると、定子は一条の第1皇子敦康親王の母でありながら、実家の没落により後ろ盾のない無力な皇后に転落してしまった。
- When FUJIWARA no Michinaga became a person in paramount authority after the death of Michitaka and the downfall of his legitimate son FUJIWARA no Korechika, Teishi became a powerless empress due to the downfall of her family home, even if she was the mother of Imperial Prince Atsuyasu, the first prince of Ichijo.
- 勧修寺流藤原宣孝(紫式部の夫)から数えて7代目にあたる鎌倉時代の廷臣・藤原宗隆の子孫である姉小路宗方(宗隆の子)・姉小路顕朝・姉小路忠方の3代がいるが、早いうちに没落している。
- The line descending from FUJIWARA no Munetaka, who was a courtier in the Kamakura Period and the seventh generation descended from FUJIWARA no Nobutaka (the husband of Murasaki Shikibu) of the Kajuji line, ended early after only three generations, the members of this line being Munekata ANEGAKOJI (the son of Munetaka), Akitomo ANEGAKOJI and Tadakata ANEGAKOJI.
- 最初に新山城を陥落させ、出雲国の旧領をほぼ制圧し、破竹の勢いで月山富田城に向かったが、守兵300であるにも関わらず天野隆重が守る難攻不落の険城をなかなか落とすことができなかった。
- First they took control of most of their former territories in Izumo Province by destroying Shinyama-jo Castle and advanced unresisted to attack Gassantoda-jo Castle, but the castle was so tightly guarded by Takashige AMANO, making it inaccessible and impregnable, that they had problems destroying the castle, despite the castle only being guarded by three hundred warriors.
- 天正13年の7月、毛利氏の四国征伐に伴う出兵で西伯耆の軍勢が手薄になっている隙に南条元続支援の行松氏は1000余騎を率いて福頼元秀の守る汗入郡の河原山城を攻撃、これを落城させた。
- Seeing the lack of Mori's troops in the Conquest of Shikoku in July of 1585, the Yukimatsu clan, who were in support of Mototsugu NANJO, led a thousand-plus horses to attack Kawarayama-jo Castle in Aseri County governed by Motohide FUKUYORI, finally achieving the fall of the castle.
- 「開発領主」が生まれる過程は、その地の有力者が一族子弟のみならず、近隣の農民や諸国から流入した浮浪人などを組織して荒地の開拓を行い、その従事者を新しい村落に編成することに始まる。
- The creation of the 'kaihatsu-ryoshu' started with the cultivation of the wild land not only by children and brothers of the powerful clan, but neighboring peasants and people who escaped and travelled from their registered domiciles of various provinces to organize into a new village as followers.
- これは、インフラ整備などによる開発から取り残されたり、元々交通の不便な島嶼や山間部にある集落で、産業が衰退したことなどにより結果的に伝統的な建造物が残ったところが多いためである。
- This is because most of the selected districts are located on islands or in mountainous regions which have been left out from the development of infrastructures and which have therefore remained inconvenient for traffic, resulting in the decline of local industries.
- 呂中干ノ地ものは、定型的な譜(=呂中干ノ地)を繰り返しながら、段落で少し変化(オロシ)をつけながらも、さらに定型的な譜を繰り返し、少しづつ位(速度)を早めていく舞事の総称である。
- Ryochukan no ji mono is used as the term to collectively call the mai-goto in which a standard score (Ryochukan no ji) is played repeatedly and is changed slightly at each break point, and then the slightly changed standard score is played repeatedly with the tempo gradually increased.
- その後、観応の擾乱が勃発すると直義方に属し、同じく奥州管領で尊氏方に与した畠山国氏 (奥州管領)を攻め滅ぼすが、その隙に勢力を伸張してきた南朝の北畠顕信に多賀城を攻め落とされる。
- Later, when the Kanno Disturbance broke out, Sadaie supported Tadayoshi side and conquered Oshu Kanrei (Shogunal deputy of the northern regions) Kuniuji HATAKEYAMA who took part in Takauji side, but Taga-jo Castle was attacked and defeated by Akinobu KITABATAKE of the Southern Court, who extended his power during the opportunity.
- 結局、一連の内紛で幕府そのものが衰微し京都周辺を収めるだけの地方政府へと転落し、辛うじて守護に代わって全国に割拠した戦国大名への権威付け機関としての存在感を示すだけのものと化した。
- But as a result of this series of internal squabbles, the bakufu itself had fallen into decline, and was now capable of exerting control only over the area immediately surrounding Kyoto, transforming into an institution that just barely managed to take the place of the shugo and survive as the titular authority over the Sengoku-period daimyo who each struggled to defend his authority over his own territory.
- そして、明徳2年(1391年)、11カ国の守護となり『六分の一殿』と呼ばれた大勢力の山名氏の分裂をけしかけ、山名時熙と山名氏幸の兄弟を一族の山名氏清と山名満幸に討たせて没落させた。
- And then, in 1391, Yoshimitsu bent his efforts on creating divisions and strife within the very powerful Yamana clan, which held the role of shugo (de facto governor) for 11 provinces and were called 'the lords of one-sixth of all Japan;' Yoshimitsu succeeded in bringing about the family's ruin when he had the brothers Tokihiro and Ujiyuki YAMANA strike against their own relatives, Ujikiyo and Mitsuyuki YAMANA.
- そして皮肉なことに越後の青苧が江戸時代元禄年間に没落した最大の理由は上杉氏の移封とともに青苧栽培技術が伝来された会津藩・米沢藩両藩産の青苧との競争に敗北した影響が大きかったという。
- And ironically, the aoso in Echigo Province is said to have gotten the finishing stroke during the Genroku era (A.D. 1688 - 1704) of the Edo period in the loss of the competition over aoso with the Aizu domain and the Yonezawa domain, into which the cultivation techniques of aoso were introduced when the Uesugi clan had its territory changed.
- 茶を点て終わったのち茶杓を袱紗で拭うときにははじめと同じように袱紗さばきをして茶杓の中節から先に茶が付着したのを拭い、茶杓を持ったまま茶の付いた袱紗を建水の上で右手ではたき落とす。
- Before cleaning the chashaku after making tea, the person performs fukusa sabaki as he or she did in the first step, wipes off the tea powder on the upper part of the chashaku handle above the nakabushi (a node in the middle of the handle), brings the fukusa over the kensui (rinse-water receptacle) while holding the chashaku, and flicks away the powder on the fukusa with the right hand.
- 大内攻めに加わっていた京極勢1000余騎が引き返して森山へ迫ると、秀満は土岐詮直と合流すべく美濃国へ向かうが途中で土一揆の蜂起に遭って潰走、秀満は主従2騎で落ちて行方知れずになった。
- When the Kyogoku force of 1000 men, who had joined the attack against the Ouchi, retraced their steps and neared Moriyama, Hidemitsu, trying to join up with Akinau TOKI, headed for Mino Province, but on the way he became caught in the middle of a farmers' uprising and was routed; Hidemitsu slipped away with just one close retainer and disappeared.
- 太平洋戦争では1941年(昭和16年)11月6日に第14軍 (日本軍)戦闘序列に編入され、緒戦のフィリピンの戦い (1941-1942年)に参戦し、マニラ陥落後フィリピンに駐屯した。
- The Fourteenth Division (Imperial Japanese Army) was dispatched to the front lines on November 6, 1941 and fought at the beginning of the war in the Philippines (1941-1942), and stationed there after Manila fell.
- しかし、その発言力の増大が幕府側の疑心を招き、日野義資が義教により暗殺されて一時没落しかけるが、日野富子は8代将軍足利義政に嫁ぐと、富子の兄の日野勝光も再び政治的影響力を持っていた。
- However, the increase in the House of Hino's influence caused suspicion on the shogunate side, whereby the assassination of Yoshisuke HINO by Yoshinori led to the temporary ruin of the Hino Family, but once Tomiko Hino got married to the eighth shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, Katsumitsu HINO, Tomiko's elder brother, regained his political influence.
- 両藩への同情や日和見的に雰囲気から参加した藩だけでなく、大藩の圧力や旧幕府軍の恫喝を受けて参加した藩もあり、結束が固いとは言い難く、戦況が劣勢になるにつれ次々と同盟から脱落していった。
- Because some domains joined the alliance out of sympathy or for opportunity, and others joined it because of pressure from large domains or from coercion by the former Shogunate forces, they were not closely united; accordingly, one domain after another defected from the alliance as the situation worsened.
- 次第に本百姓の分家や隷属民の '自立' 化が進み、17世紀の半ば以降には、村請制村落が確立していき、(1)田畑や(2)家屋敷地を所持する高持百姓が本百姓であると観念されるようになった。
- Gradually, hon-byakusho was branched and subordinate people became 'independent,' and in the middle of the 17th century and thereafter, villages of the murauke system (village-wide, collective responsibility for tax payment) were established and a farmer called takamochi-byakusho (a person managing a farm by employing farm workers) who possessed (1) a field and (2) a house and land came to be recognized, as hon-byakusho.
- 幕末、明治維新期の四条隆謌(たかうた)は、尊皇攘夷、倒幕派の公卿として国事に奔走し、三条実美らとともに七卿落ちの憂き目にもあったが、明治維新後、復権し陸軍に入り陸軍中将にまで累進した。
- From the end of Edo period to the Meiji Restoration, Takauta SHIJO was actively involved in affairs of state as a court noble belonging to the group which revered the Emperor and desired the expulsion of foreigners/overthrow of the Tokugawa Shogunate; he suffered in incident of the shichikyo-ochi (defeated seven nobles) with Sanetomi SANJO, but after the Meiji Restoration he was rehabilitated, joining the army and reaching the rank of lieutenant general.
- しかし、大野自民党副総裁、平田四日市市長の死去と、北福井県知事、畑守敦賀市長が相次いで落選するなど、推進の中心人物を失い、1970年には中部圏開発整備本部が調査の打ち切りを発表した。)。
- However, in 1970 the headquarters of Chubu Area Development and Improvement (中部圏開発整備本部) announced the termination of the survey after the loss of key members of the alliance: ONO, the vice-president of the Liberal Democratic Party, and HIRATA, the mayor of Yokkaichi City, had both passed away, while KITA, the governor of Fukui Prefecture, and the mayor of Tsuruga City, HATAMORI (畑守), continually lost in the elections.
- 援軍として派遣されていた佐賀藩兵と共同で防衛戦を行うも劣勢で、特に庄内藩には領内深くまで攻め込まれ久保田城の支城までが落とされたが、新政府軍の増援が来着したことで優勢となり反撃を行った。
- The Akita Domain, together with the samurai warriors of the Saga Domain deployed as reinforcements, fought a defensive war, but fell behind; the Shonai Domain in particular advanced deep into the Akita Domain and even captured subsidiary castles of Kubota Castle; the Akita Domain, however, prevailed due to the arrival of reinforcements from the new government's forces, and launched a counterattack.
- 800メートルあたりからはブナ林帯に入り、伯母子岳山頂周辺では、ブナ、ミズナラ、クマシデ、ヤシャブシ、オオカメノキなどの落葉広葉樹があり、山頂部の樹木には風雪の影響による矮化が見られる。
- The area above about 800 meters belongs to the Japanese beech tree zone, and near the top of Mt. Obako-dake, there grow deciduous broadleaf trees including Japanese beech tree, mizunara (quercus mongoloca var. grosseseratta), Japanese hornbeam, yashabushi (alnus firma) and okamenoki (viburnum furcatum), and the trees on the top are stunted by wind and snow.
- 京極軍は家臣赤尾伊豆守、山田大炊以下、奮戦し、7日間持ち堪えたが、9月13日 (旧暦)からは近くの長等山から大砲で砲撃を受け、砲弾は眼下に落ちるような勢いで天守その他の建築物を破壊した。
- Kyogoku Army including AKAO Izu no kami (Governor of Izu Province) and Oi YAMADA fought to defend the castle for seven days, but, on October 19, they were attacked with cannons from nearby Mt. Nagara and the cannonballs rained down on the keep and other buildings of the castle, destroying them.
- 指さす・目をつかう:落語の性質上、噺のなかに登場するモノを実際に高座に持出すことは不可能であるために、虚空を指さしたり、見たりすることで、あたかもそれらがあるかのように演じる工夫がある。
- Pointing a finger or staring: rakugo does not allow the storyteller to bring objects mentioned in the story onto the stage, so he or she skillfully acts as if the object were on stage by pointing a finger at an empty space, or by staring at a particular point on the stage.
- 先の康仁親王については、南朝 (日本)方荘園の遠江国入野(静岡県浜松市)に下向してを興し、そこに落ち着いたという伝承があって、親王の屋敷跡・墓所・真影とされるものが同寺内に伝存している。
- As for the above-mentioned Imperial Prince Yasuhito, there is a tradition that he move from the metropolis to Irino, Totomi Province (Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture), which was a private estate of the Southern Court (Japan), and settled there, and in a temple there there is the site of the prince's residence, his grave, and a true portrait.
- 松田元成は山名氏に援軍を要請すると同時に、文明12年(1480年)に新しい本拠地とした金川城を出撃し、赤松方の小鴨大和守の居る福岡城_(備前国)を文明16年(1484年)正月に落とした。
- Motonari MATSUDA asked the Yamana clan for reinforcements as well as making a sortie from Kanagawa-jo Castle, the new base from 1480, and took control of the Fukuoka-jo Castle (Bizen Province), where Ogamo Yamato-no-kami (the governor of Yamato Province) in the Akamatsu clan's side resided, in the New Year in 1484.
- しかし、翌6月11日 (旧暦)に麻田が「士道不覚悟」として藩により切腹させられたことにより、若い土佐藩士たちが「片手落ち」だと激昂し、会津・土佐の関係に亀裂が入りかねない事態へと発展した。
- On June 11 (old calendar), however, ASADA was forced to commit seppuku by the Tosa clan for Shido-fukakugo (disobeying Bushido (the code of the samurai)), which infuriated young retainers of Tosa clan who clamored that the punishment was 'unfair,' their dissent was serious enough to harm the relationship between the Aizu clan and the Tosa clan.
- このほかに、琵琶湖に関しては、滋賀県琵琶湖のレジャー利用の適正化に関する条例や、滋賀県琵琶湖のヨシ群落の保全に関する条例、また景観を守るためのふるさと滋賀の風景を守り育てる条例などがある。
- There are more ordinances enacted with regard to Lake Biwa: for example, the Ordinance Related to the Appropriate Leisure Usage of Lake Biwa, the Ordinance of Reed-Community Conservation, and the Ordinance for Protecting and Creating Beautiful Landscapes in the Shiga Homeland.
- 十津川河岸から集落までの急傾斜地にはコジイ、サカキ、カシ、アセビ、ウバメガシが生育し、果無集落周辺からはアカマツ、コナラなどに、モミ、ツガ、ヒメシャラ、ホオノキなどを交えた二次林が広がる。
- On the steep slope from the bank of Totsu-kawa River to the village, kojii (Castanopsis cuspidate), sakaki, oak, asebi (Japanese Andromeda) and ubamegashi (quercus phillyraeoides) grow; and from near Hatenashi Village, there extends a secondary forest of Japanese red pine, konara (quercus serrata), fir tree, southern Japanese hemlock, himeshara (tall stewartia) and honoki (magnolia hypoleuca).
- 梅北一揆によって島津氏の政治的な立場は極度に悪化したが、検地やそれに伴う国人領主層の没落は結果として島津氏の大名権力を強化する事につながり、慶長の役で軍功をあげ名誉を挽回する契機となった。
- Although the political status of the Shimazu clan had fallen to the extremely precarious state as a result of Umekita ikki, the land survey by the administration and the fall of the local lords which was triggered by it actually strengthened the authority of the Shimizu clan as a feudal lord as a result, and in the Keicho Campaign, the Shimizu clan reclaimed its reputation for their distinguished military service.
- 椀を伏せたような形をした国東半島には、両子山を中心として四方へと谷筋が走り、古代にはこの谷筋に沿って六郷と呼ばれる6つの集落が形成され、そのうち半島の西側にあたるこの地には田染郷があった。
- Channels radiate out from all directions of Mt. Futago on the upturned bowl-shaped Kunisaki Peninsula, and in ancient times settlements known as 'Rokugo' (lit. Six Townships) were formed along each of these channels, of which Tashibu Township was the settlement on the west of the peninsula.
- この場合の瓦とは、「瓦笥(かわらけ・素焼きの食器)」などの中国での素焼き土器のことであり、屋根瓦が崩れ落ちる様子ではなく素焼きの土器が砕ける様子であるという(「部首のはなし2」中公新書)。
- In this case, Kawara refers to Chinese unglazed earthware such as 'Kawarake' (unglazed earthenware), therefore this idiom does not describes roof tiles falling down, but an unglazed clay pot broken into pieces (according to 'Bushu no hanashi' (a story about radicals) published by Cyuko new book).
- 同じく閑院流阿野実顕の子、姉小路公景が慶長18年(1613年)に新たな姉小路家を起こす(ちなみに阿野家も1.の姉小路家共々南朝方について一度は没落したが、後に勢力を回復させた家系である)。
- Kinkage ANEGAKOJI, the son of Saneaki ANO of the Kanin line established a new Anegakoji family in 1613 (note that the Ano family was ruined like the Anegakoji family (1) after supporting the southern dynasty, but subsequently managed to recover power).
- 最大の戦いは胆沢とその周辺の蝦夷との戦いで、780年に多賀城を一時陥落させた宝亀の乱の伊治呰麻呂、789年に巣伏の戦いで遠征軍を壊滅させた阿弖流為(アテルイ)らの名がその指導者として伝わる。
- The biggest battle took place in Isawa, between Japan and the Emishi who lived nearby; some of the names of leaders of the battle include KOREHARI no Azamaro, who is known from Hoki no Ran, in which he once took control of Taga-jo Castle in 780, and Aterui, who wiped out the expeditionary force in the Battle of Subushi in 789.
- 1927年(昭和2年)6月14日に、植物群落が「深泥池水生植物群」として国の天然記念物に指定され、その後1988年(昭和63年)に「深泥池生物群集」として生物群集全体に対象が広げられている。
- On June 14, 1927, the plant community in this pond was designated as a protected species referred to as the 'Midoroga-ike aquiherbosa' and, subsequently, in 1988, the scope of this designation was expanded to include all of living matter in the pond, referred to as the 'Midoroga-ike biological community.'
- どの監督もトーキー演出になかなか慣れず、斬新な演出で知られた古海卓二も志波西果もトーキーに敗れ去り、古海は古市の極東映画、志波は奈良の全勝キネマへと都落ちし、サイレント映画に退行してしまう。
- However, all directors did not become familiar with talkie performance easily, and even Takuji FURUMI and Seika SHIBA famous for performances filled with originality failed in talkie and Furumi returned to Kyoto Eiga Co., Ltd. of Furuichi while Shiba to Zensho Kinema of Nara to retreat to silent films.
- 寛文時代の怪談集『曾呂利物語』には「足高蜘の変化の事」と題し、ある山野に住む男のもとに夜、大蜘蛛が60歳ほどの老婆に化け、髪を振り乱して襲いかかり、男に刀で足を斬り落とされたという話がある。
- 'Sorori Monogatari,' a collection of Kaidan of the Kanbun era (1661-1673), has a story titled 'The incident in which a huntsman spider transmuted,' the story of which is that one night the Ogumo took the shape of an old woman of around 60 years old, swinging its disheveled hair, attacked a man who lived in the countryside, and its leg was cut off by his sword.
- この年以降、人の生爪を剥してヤマノイモを掘らせたり、池の樋から人を流して矛で刺殺したり、人を木に登らせて射落したり、女を馬とつるませる(つまりは獣姦)など猟奇性を帯びた愚行を行ったとされる。
- It is said that thereafter he committed absurd deeds seeking the bizarre, like having people dig up yam after he had torn out their nails, letting people drift from the gutter of a pond and with a spear stabbing them to death, having people climb up trees and shot them down and he had women copulate with horses (in other words bestiality).
- 時代が下り、松田元澄の代になり応仁元年(1467年)、応仁の乱が起こると東軍の赤松氏方につき、西軍の山名氏の追い落としに功績があり、赤松氏の被官になり、伊福郷の守護代に相当する地位になった。
- In a later period, in 1467 in the time of Motozumi MATSUDA (松田元澄) when the Onin War occurred, he took sides with the Akamatsu clan in the Eastern army, and made a great achievement to clear off the Yamana clan in the Western army, which made him the Akamatsu clan's vassal, in a position equivalent to Shugodai (deputy military governor) in Ifuku-go.
- 服部武雄は隊内でも相当な二刀流の使い手として鳴らしていたため、服部の孤軍奮闘は鬼気迫るものがあったというが、最後は服部の刀が折れたスキを狙って原田左之助が繰り出した槍によって、落命したという。
- Takeo HATTORI was famous as being skillful in using two swords at once, and his bloodcurdling presence of fighting alone overwhelmed the men he fought against; however, he was killed by Sanosuke HARADA's spear when his sword broke.
- 土一揆の時代には一揆の中核として活躍し、中には、村落から離脱して、自らの地位を武士に特化する地侍もおり、戦国時代 (日本)に入ると、戦国大名やその幕下の大身の国人領主の家臣として系列化された。
- During the period of Doikki (peasant uprising), they performed an active role as the core of the uprising, some of whom left the village to emphasize on their position as samurai and they were organized as subordinate warriors under Sengoku Daimyo (warring lords) and Kokujin Ryoshu in the Sengoku period.
- ところが、室町時代になると、自立した百姓らによる自治村落(惣村)の形成が進み、こうした惣村では、惣内部や時には対立する他の惣との紛争解決の検断沙汰についてすら自ら検断権を行使するようになった。
- However, during the Muromachi period, self-governing communities (sosons) by independent peasants were formed and these communities started to exercise the right themselves against Kendan-sata to settle conflicts within the communities and sometimes even between communities.
- 1284年に弘安の徳政、さらに1297年に永仁の徳政令を実施して没落する御家人の救済を図ったが、恩賞不足や商人が御家人への金銭貸し出しを渋るなど、かえって御家人の不満と混乱を招く結果に終わった。
- The bakufu did try to save such financially ruined gokenin by ordering two rounds of debt forgiveness, the 1284 Koan Tokusei ('benevolent rule,' a euphemism for the mass forgiving of debts) and then the 1297 Einin Tokusei, but as they could not provide sufficient rewards and yet were reluctant to allow merchants to loan money to gokenin, the bakufu's efforts only ended up exacerbating disgruntlement among the gokenin, inviting further chaos and disorder.
- 次々と院近臣の逮捕・所領の没収が始まり、院に伺候していた検非違使・大江康業は自邸に火を放ち自害、白河殿倉預の藤原兼盛は手首を切られ、備後前司・為行、上総前司・為保は殺害されて海へ突き落とされた。
- The dismissal of close vassals of the cloistered emperor, the arrest and confiscation of estates started, and close vassals of cloistered emperor, Yasunari OE, who had the title of Kebiishi, lit his own palace on fire and committed suicide, FUJIWARA no Kanemori, who was the Shirakawa-dono kuraazukari, had his wrists cut off, and Tameyuki, who was the former governor of Bingo Province, and Tameyasu, who was the former governor of Kazusa Province, were assassinated and pushed into the ocean.
- それに替わって、俘囚を私兵として治安維持活動の実戦に参加したことのある受領経験者やその子弟で、中央の出世コースからはずれ、受領になりうる諸大夫層からも転落した者達が、地域紛争の鎮圧に登用された。
- Instead of this, people with zuryo experience or their children, who had participated in actual fighting or security duties using the barbarians as private armies and were off the career track of the central government and fell from the class of shodaibu who could become zuryo, were recruited to suppress regional conflicts.
- 府連側は,会館建設にあたり京都府・市をはじめとする行政当局からの補助金を受けるため、社団法人であった研究所を便宜的に前面に出したにすぎず、部落問題の総合センターとして会館が建設されたと主張した。
- The Kyoto Federation insisted, for the Hall construction, the Institute was just conveniently put on the forefront as an aggregate corporation to receive a subsidy from the government such as Kyoto Prefecture or Kyoto City since the Hall was built as a comprehensive center for Buraku problems.
- 天皇の居所に落雷したということも衝撃的であったが、死亡した藤原清貫がかつて大宰府に左遷された菅原道真の動向監視を藤原時平に命じられていたこともあり、清貫は道真の怨霊に殺されたという噂が広まった。
- From the shocking fact that the thunderbolt struck the Emperor's residence, and the fact that the dead SUGAWARA no Kiyotsura had once spied on SUGAWARA no Michizane's movements under orders of FUJIWARA no Tokihira when Michizane was exiled to Dazaifu, a rumor spread that Kiyotsura was killed by the vengeful spirit of Michizane.
- 京都市北区の上品蓮台寺には頼光を祀った源頼光朝臣塚があるが、これが土蜘蛛が巣くっていた塚だといい、かつて塚のそばの木を伐採しようとしたところ、その者が謎の病気を患って命を落としたという話がある。
- Within the precincts of Jobonrendai-ji Temple in Kita Ward, Kyoto City, there exists the burial mound where MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu is enshrined, where the ghosts of tsuchigumo are said to have haunted; it is said that someone who intended to cut down a tree by the mound died from an unknown disease.
- 江戸八丁堀 (東京都中央区)の住人栃面屋弥次郎兵衛(とちめんや やじろべえ)と、居候の喜多八(きたはち)が、厄落としに伊勢神宮を思い立ち、東海道を江戸から伊勢神宮へ、さらに京都、大坂へとめぐる。
- Yajirobe TOCHIMENYA, a resident of Edo Hatchobori (Chuo Ward, Tokyo) and Kitahachi, his freeloader, decide to visit Ise-jingu Shrine to get rid of their bad luck, and they travel the Tokai-do road from Edo to Ise-jingu Shrine, and further on to Kyoto and Osaka.
- その後正成の子の楠木正行、楠木正時や、正成の弟の楠木正季などは北朝 (日本)の足利尊氏との戦いで戦死し、生き残った正成の子の楠木正儀は南朝零落後にも有力武将として活躍し、北朝との和睦を仲介する。
- After that, Masashige's sons, Masatsura KUSUNOKI and Masatoki KUSUNOKI, and younger brother, Masasue KUSUNOKI, died in battle with Takauji ASHIKAGA of the Northern court; however, another son of Masashige, Masanori KUSUNOKI, survived even after the Southern Court's fall into straitened circumstances and served actively as a powerful military commander and served as a mediator of the reconciliation with the Northern Court.
- 建武 (日本)2年(1335年)には蒲原津城を築城し、翌建武3年(1336年)には、池氏、河内氏、風間氏、於木氏、千屋氏、高梨氏らと島崎城に篭もり足利尊氏方の色部高長・加地影綱らと戦うが落城した。
- In 1335 he built Kanbaranotsu-jo Castle and, in 1336, based in Shimazaki-jo Castle, it fought along with the Ike clan, the Kawachi clan, the Kazama clan, the Ogi clan, the Chiya clan and the Takanashi clan against Takanaga IROBE and Kagetsuna KAJI on the part of Takauji ASHIKAGA's army, but the castle fell to the army.
- 他にもキタ北新地の「永楽館」(後に吉本傘下に入り「北新地花月倶楽部」)はじめ、上本町、堀江 (大阪市)、松屋町、新町 (大阪市)、松島遊廓、大阪天満宮界隈などに十数軒の落語専門定席が存在していた。
- In addition to the 'Eirakukan' theater (which was later affiliated with Yoshimoto and became 'Kitashinchi Kagetsu Club'), located in Kitashinchi in the northern region of Osaka City, at least ten yose theaters specialized in rakugo; they were located in Uehommachi, Horie (in Osaka City), Matsuyamachi, Shinmachi (in Osaka City), the Matsushima Yukaku red-light district and around Osaka Tenman-gu Shrine.
- 反乱は拡大して秋田城下の12村(上津野、火内、榲淵、野代、河北、腋本、方口、大河、堤、姉刀、方上、焼岡)が夷俘の支配に落ち、出羽北部ではわずか3村(添河、覇別、助川)の俘囚だけが出羽国に属していた。
- The rebellion spread, and the 12 villages near Akita-jo Castle (Kazuno, Hinai, Sugibuchi, Noshiro, Kawakita, Wakimoto, Katakuchi, Okawa, Tsutsumi, Aneto, Katagami and Yakeoka) were occupied by the Ifu; in northern Dewa only the Fushu (assimilated Emishi) in the three villages of Soekawa, Habetsu and Sukekawa belonged to Dewa Province.
- しかしこの頃になると関西歌舞伎の凋落がいちじるしく、周囲の期待の重圧に対する自身の芸の伸び悩み、さらに市川壽海 (3代目)を主とする興行方針をめぐる松竹との軋轢などがあり、1955年に松竹を離れる。
- However, the decline of Kansai Kabuki became significant and because of sluggish growth in his own performances, due to the pressure of expectation of those around him and friction with Shochiku with respect to the performance policy to mainly use Jukai ICHAWA, the third, he left Shochiku in 1955.
- 更にこの時の火災で打撃を受けた東大寺盧舎那仏像そのものも後日首が落下してしまい、修理費用も無くそのまま放置され、大仏と大仏殿の両方の再建が行われたのは、120年以上も後の貞享・元禄年間のことであった。
- Furthermore, the head of Rushanabutsu (the great statue of Buddha) damaged during this fire fell off on a later day, and was left as it was with no budget for repair; it was not until the Jokyo to Genroku years, more than 120 years afterwards, that both the statue itself and its hall were reconstructed.
- 川に沿って建てられた民家のうちおよそ250棟は、昔ながらの茅葺き民家で、特に北集落は茅葺き民家が多く残っており、自然景観と、茅葺き民家がうまく調和して、日本の農村の原風景とも言うべき風情を呈している。
- Among the houses along the river, approximately 250 of them have thatched roofs and many of them remain in the northern settlement, in particular; with the natural scenery and thatched houses in perfect harmony, the area retains the unspoiled landscape of farming villages in Japan.
- 朝田は三木府連だけでなく、同様に文化厚生会館に事務局を置いており三木と関係の深かった部落問題研究所や全国同和教育研究協議会(全同教)にも、一時府連が会館を管理すると告げ、事務局員を退去させる挙に出た。
- Asada told not only Miki Furen, but also the Institute of Buraku Problem, which was closely tied to Miki and had their office in the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall, and Zenkoku dowa kyoiku kenkyu kyogikai, the National Research Council for Dowa Education (Zendokyo) that the Kyoto Federation was temporarily in charge of the Hall, dismissing the staff from the Hall.
- 信長からは丹波国を平定させた明智光秀の軍を送るとの返事を得たものの、1日も早く備中高松城を落城させよという厳しい命が下り、秀吉が不安と焦りに駆られていたころ、軍師・黒田官兵衛孝高が水攻めの策を進言した。
- While Nobunaga replied that he would send the troops of Mitsuhide AKECHI, who had subjugated Tanba Province, but gave strict orders to conquer Bitchu Takamatsu-jo Castle as soon as possible, Hideyoshi, alarmed and frustrated, heard his strategist Kanbei Yoshitaka KURODA offer an idea of using inundation tactics.
- 室町時代にも荘園は存続したが、中央貴族・寺社・武士・在地領主などの権利・義務が重層的かつ複雑にからむ状況が生まれる一方、自立的に発生した村落=惣村による自治が出現し、荘園は緩やかに解体への道を歩み始めた。
- Also during the Muromachi period shoens continued, but while the rights and duties of central aristocrats, temples and shrines, samurais, local lords and so on began to be complicated in a multi-layered way, the autonomous control by the independently emerging village = soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) started and shoens began to disappear slowly.
- しかし、菅原道真の死後、相次ぐ天変地異や、道真を左遷に追い込んだ藤原時平の子孫たちの相次ぐ急死、更には930年の清涼殿落雷事件による醍醐天皇崩御等という凶事を理由に、間もなく彼の子孫は朝廷に呼び戻された。
- However, when Sugawara no Michizane's death was followed by a series of tragic accidents and natural disasters, with a number of descendants of Fujiwara no Tokihira who had slandered Michinaga dying suddenly in succession and the Emperor Daigo being killed in the Seiryo-Den lightening strike of 930, Michinaga's descendents were quickly called back to Court.
- その際、周辺の民家(畝傍8戸、久米4戸、四条1戸)の一般村計13戸が移転し(『橿原神宮規模拡張事業竣成概要報告』)、洞部落208戸、1054人が1917年(大正6年)に移転した(宮内庁「畝傍部沿革史」)。
- On this occasion, a total of 13 houses in surrounding villages (eight houses in Unebi, four houses in Kume and one house in Shijo) were relocated (summary report of completion of Kashihara-Jingu Shrine's scale widening project); moreover, in 1917, 1,054 people of 208 houses in Ho buraku (hamlet) were moved (Imperial Household Agency, 'Chronology of Unebi部').
- そして、1493年(明応2)の明応の政変前後を契機として、低下した権威の復活に失敗した守護大名は、守護代・国人などにその地位を奪われて没落し、逆に国人支配の強化に成功した守護大名は、領国支配を一層強めていった。
- Starting around the Meio-no-seihen (明応の政変) in 1493, the shugo daimyo that had failed to regain authority were ousted from their positions by shugo-dai and kokujin, while those that succeeded in tightening the control of the kokujin further strengthened the provincial control.
- しかし総州家支持の国人にも遊佐氏の一派が存在したことが判明していることと、この合戦の後、尚順が義英に対し政治的に優勢に立ち、義英は没落に追い込まれていることから、遊佐河内守は順盛とは別人であると考えられている。
- However, it is thought that Nobumori was not Yusa, the Governor of Kawachi Province, because it has become clear that there was a group of the Yusa clan among Kokujin who supported the Soshu family, and because Hisanobu was politically dominant over Yoshihide after the battle, driving Yoshihide into ruin.
- ポケットの無い男性用の和服で袋や印籠等を持ち歩く場合に、袋や印籠などに付けられた紐の他方の端に取付け、紐を帯の下に挟み、根付を帯の上方に出す事によって引っ掛って袋や印籠などが落ちないようにする目的で用いられた。
- Used to carry round things including pouches and inro when wearing pocketless men's kimono, netsuke helped prevent such items from falling: string attached to the pouches or inro was pulled under and over the the obi, and then the other end would be tied to the netsuke, which was too large to fall through the obi.
- 床屋に怒られた童子は気落ちして近くの小川の橋にもたれてうつむいていると、水面に写る自分の顔がすっかり鬼になってしまっているのに気づき、床屋には帰らずに北の丹波の山に逃げ、やがて酒呑童子と出会い家来となったと言う。
- After being scolded by the irate barber, Doji was feeling despondent and wandered aimlessly down to the bridge over a nearby stream, hanging his head, only to notice that his face, reflected in the water, had completely transformed into that of an oni, whereupon he fled north, without ever returning home to the barber's, into the mountains of Tanba, where he eventually encountered Shuten Doji and became his henchman.
- 当初、後白河上皇以下、貴族から庶民まで義仲の入京を歓迎したが、前年の養和の大飢饉の影響により義仲軍を養う食糧が不足して義仲軍は市中で略奪や狼藉を始めたために義仲の評判は落ちて、源頼朝の上洛を願う声が高まっていく。
- Initially, everyone from the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, aristocrats, to the local people welcomed the entry of Yoshinaka into Kyoto but the great famine of Yowa the previous year led to insufficient food for Yoshinaka's troops, who then started stealing and became violent, leading to a drop in Yoshinaka's popularity and eventually MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's entry became a common hope.
- 惣内部の事案といえども、本来ならば、領主又はその委任を受けた守護・地頭が検断権を行使するのが、前代までの慣習であったが、惣村などの自治性の高い村落は、領主の検断介入を拒否・排除し、自検断を行うようになっていった。
- It was a tradition from the preceding era that lords or a Shugo and a Jito (military governor and estate steward) who were delegated from the lords, exercised the right to judge criminal cases even against cases within communities, but with the increased autonomy, communities rejected and excluded the lord's intervention into trials and started to conduct Jikendan themselves.
- とはいえ、歴史としての正確性や検証性はともかくとしても、平家の落人伝説にちなんだ姓も日本国各地で存在していることも事実であり、またそうした謎の多き、闇に包まれた伝承がいわゆる歴史のロマンを想起させる要因でもある。
- Setting aside the question of correctness or historical verification, it is true that there exist surnames associated with Heike no Ochudo legends throughout Japan, and such oral traditions filled with mystery and darkness stir people's imagination for history.
- 1348年(正平 (日本)3年/貞和4年)には四條畷の戦いで楠木正成の子楠木正行・楠木正時兄弟が足利方の高師直に討たれ、吉野行宮が陥落して後村上天皇ら南朝一行は賀名生(奈良県五條市)へ逃れ、衰勢は覆い隠せなくなる。
- After Masashige KUSONOKI's sons, brothers Masatsura and Masatoki KUSUNOKI, were struck down by Ko no Moronao of the Ashikaga faction in the 1348 battle of Shijonawate, the Imperial residence at Yoshino was overrun by the Ashikaga, and Emperor Gomurakami and the rest of the Southern Court faction were forced to flee to Ano (the present-day city of Gojo in Nara Pref.); the decline of the Southern Court's power and influence could no longer be concealed.
- 福知山市は盆地という地形上、福知山市のほとんどを占める山間部では非常に入り組んだ地形をしているだけでなく、広い土地に多数の小規模の集落がいたるところに点在しているため、バスや鉄道がそれぞれの地域を周ることは難しい。
- Since most of Fukuchiyama City features mountain areas, as well as being part of a basin, a broad area is interspersed with many small-scale colonies, making it hard to provide bus and railroad service to all areas.
- 源光信(美濃源氏)、多田行綱(多田源氏)、山本義経(近江源氏)、武田信義、一条忠頼、安田義定(甲斐源氏)、伊豆国の源頼朝、陸奥国の源義経などの名があるが、当時の重要人物の欠落や錯誤が多く、後世の創作と考えられている。
- The list includes such names as MINAMOTO no Mitsunobu (of the Mino Genji), Yukitsuna TADA (of the Tada Genji), Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO (of the Omi Genji), Nobuyoshi TAKEDA, Tadayori ICHIJO, Yoshisada YASUDA (of the Kai Genji), as well as MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in Izu province and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune in Mutsu province, but many of the most important and powerful people of the day are missing from the list and there are many errors, prompting some to consider the list a literary fiction added later.
- 一方、高師直は翌1348年(正平 (日本)3年/貞和4年)の四條畷の戦いにおいて楠木正行ら南朝 (日本)(吉野朝廷)方を撃破し、更に勢いに乗じて南朝の本拠地吉野を陥落させ、南朝を賀名生(奈良県五條市)へ逃げ込ませた。
- On the other hand, Ko no Moronao destroyed the Southern Court (Yoshino Court) forces led by Masatsura KUSUNOKI in the Battle of Shijonawate in 1348, and with the momentum, succeeded in attacking Yoshino, the main headquarters of the Southern Court, leading to the escape of the Southern Court to Ano (Gojo City, Nara Prefecture).
- 前述のように大滝集落から水ヶ峯にかけての区間が高野龍神スカイラインの建設で失われたことに加え、水ヶ峯から大股にかけての尾根道に林道タイノ原線が建設されたことで、尾根上の古道は無残にも破壊され、古道は完全に損なわれた。
- As explained above, the section from Otaki Village to Mizugamine was lost by the construction of Koya Ryujin Skyline, and the old road on the ridge from Mizugamine to Omata was destroyed and lost completely by the construction of the Forestry Road Tainohara Route.
- だが、江戸時代に入ると、主君である征夷大将軍あるいは大名への土地支配権力の集中や藩中央と家臣の年貢米売却の競合による米価下落に伴う換金収入減少など財政上の都合から、地方知行を止めて蔵米知行に切り替える場合が増加した。
- During the early Edo period, however, more and more lords gave up Jigatachigyo in favor of Kuramaichigyo; this was due to land ruling power being concentrated in the hands of daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) and the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'); it was also due to financial reasons, such as a decrease in income as a consequence of rice falling in price caused by competition between domains and vassals in annual rice tax sales.
- 同時代の文学作品である『源氏物語』においても、大宮 (源氏物語)(左大臣正室、葵の上の母)、女三宮(光源氏正室)、落葉の宮(柏木 (源氏物語)正室、のち夕霧 (源氏物語)と再婚)、女二宮(薫正室)などの例が見られる。
- In 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji), a literary work of this period, we can find many cases of koka such as Omiya (the lawful wife of the Sadaijin [Minister of the left] and the mother of Aoi no ue [Lady Aoi]), Onna Sannomiya (the lawful wife of Hikaru Genji), Ochiba no miya (the lawful wife of Kashiwagi, who later remarried to Yugiri), and Onna Ninomiya (the lawful wife of Kaoru) and so on.
- さらに、先年の土岐康行の乱で没落していた美濃国の土岐詮直、明徳の乱で滅ぼされた山名氏清の嫡男山名時清、近江国の京極秀満(出雲国守護京極高詮の弟)や延暦寺・興福寺衆徒、楠氏・菊地氏ら後南朝方と連絡をとり挙兵をうながした。
- In addition, Yoshihiro contacted several potential allies, including Akinao TOKI of Mino Province, who had been brought to ruin during Yasuyuki TOKI's rebellion a few years earlier, Tokikiyo YAMANA, eldest son and heir of Ujikiyo YAMANA, who had been destroyed during the Meitoku rebellion, Hidemitsu KYOGOKU (younger brother of Takanori KYOGOKU, the shugo of Izumo Province), the warrior monks of Enryaku-ji and Kofuku-ji Temples, and Gonancho (Second Southern Court) forces like the Kusunoki and Kikuchi clans, urging them to raise troops to oppose the shogunate.
- 大股集落は『清良記』にも名があることから室町時代初期には街道集落として成立していたものと見られ、『めぐり』にも伯母子峠越えを控えた宿場として機能していたようすが記されており、津田屋・坂口屋等の旅籠の名が伝えられている。
- Since Omata Village was mentioned in 'Seiryoki,' it is considered to have been formed as a village along a major road in the early Muromachi period, and 'Meguri' described the village as an inn town for travelers who crossed Obako Pass and recorded the names of such inns including Tsuda-ya Inn and Sakaguchi-ya Inn.
- 併し長禄2年8月、再び赤松氏の遺臣である小寺豊職らの襲撃を受け重傷を負い、熊野八庄の野長瀬庄司である横矢盛高に守護されて落ち延びる途中、同年12月20日、紀伊国牟婁郡神ノ山村光福寺(現三重県熊野市)にて崩御したと言う。
- However, in September of 1458, he was once again attacked by surviving retainers of the Akamatsu clan such as Toyotomo KODERA and was seriously injured; it is said that while he was escaping under the guard of Moritaka YOKOYA, who was the head of the Nonagase clan, he passed away on October 25, 1457 at Kofuku-ji Temple of Kaminoyamamura in Muro District, Kii Province (present-day Kumano City in Mie Prefecture).
- 奪われた神器のうち、剣は清水寺で発見されるが、神爾は持ち去られたままであり、15年後の1457年(長禄元年)には、嘉吉の乱で没落した赤松氏の遺臣が長禄の変での奮闘により神爾を奪い返し、翌年には神爾は北朝の手に戻っている。
- Among the Three Sacred Treasures that were stolen, the sword was discovered at Kiyomizu-dera Temple, but the shinji were not found until 15 years later in 1457, when remaining followers of the Akamatsu clan, who had become impoverished during the Kakitsu Incident, recovered the shinji after a great battle during the Choroku Incident, and they were returned to the Northern Court the next year.
- 五代には貴族層が没落し、宋 (王朝)初には科挙制度が整備される一方で武人の勢力が抑圧されるようになったために、地方の豪族から官僚が生み出され、その庇護によって当人及び一族の荘園が発展するという構図が描かれるようになった。
- During the Five Dynasties period the class of aristocrats was impoverished and during the early Sung dynasty, while kakyo system (the Imperial Examination System) was streamlined, the strength of warriors was oppressed and so the bureaucracy was born from the local ruling families, who protected the bureaucrats to develop the shoens for them and their families.
- これは元々比較的高齢の未婚女性が振袖を着るのがためらわる場合など、こういうときは訪問着を着用するところを比較的控えなものにするため、年齢相応の落ち着きを表わすためということで未婚女性に着られるようになったという経緯がある。
- This custom came about because of some instances in which a relatively elderly unmarried woman may be hesitant to wear furisode; in such instances, she would normally wear homongi (semi-formal kimono for women), but tomesode came to be worn in its place in order to give relatively modest appearance and the appearance of composure appropriate for her age.
- 安徳天皇が平家に連れられて西国に落ちた後、皇位継承の有力者であったが母親の身分が低く、かつ外祖父が死亡していた事、弟の尊成親王(後の後鳥羽天皇)の方が祖父の後白河法皇に可愛がられていた事から、皇位は尊成親王が継ぐ事になった。
- After Emperor Antoku was taken away to the western area of Japan by the Taira family, Imperial Prince Koreaki became one of the strong candidates for the next emperor, but his younger brother Imperial Prince Takahira (later Emperor Gotoba) eventually succeeded to the throne because Koreaki's mother was not nobly born and his maternal grandfather was already dead, and moreover, their grandfather Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa liked Imperial Prince Takahira better.
- ただ、全ルートの踏破には1000メートル級の峠3つを越えなければならず、一度山道に入ると長時間にわたって集落と行き合うことがないため本格的な登山の準備が必要で、冬季には積雪が見られるため、不用意なアプローチは危険と言われている。
- There are three passes having altitudes of over 1000 meters must be crossed and there are no communities for many hours after starting off, therefore full mountain climber's rig is required to travel the whole route, moreover snow falls in winter, so it is warned that this road is dangerous to carelessly try to travel on foot.
- 20年(476年)に高句麗が百済を攻め滅ぼしたが、翌21年(477年)、大王は百済に任那を与えて復興したという(『三国史記』高句麗本紀・百済本紀によれば、475年9月に高句麗に都を攻め落とされ王は殺され、同年熊津に遷都している)。
- Records say that Goguryeo beat Baekje in 476, and that the Emperor gave Mimana to Baekje in order to help its reconstruction in 477 (according to the 'Samguk Sagi' History of Goguryeo and History of Baekje, Baekje surrendered the capital to Goguryeo in September 475, had the king killed, and moved its capital to Ungjin during the same year).
- 文化厚生会館事件(ぶんかこうせいかいかんじけん)とは、部落解放同盟京都府連合会が、朝田善之助を委員長とし、同盟中央が認めた組織(朝田府連)と、三木一平を委員長とし、日本共産党が支援する組織(三木府連)に分裂したことに端を発した紛争。
- The Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall Affair is a conflict that started with the Buraku Liberation League, Kyoto Federation being divided into two groups, one (Asada Furen, Asada faction's Federation) with Zennosuke ASADA as a chairman, approved by the Headquarter of the Buraku Liberation League and the other (Miki Furen, Miki faction's Federation) with Ippei MIKI as a chairman, supported by the Japanese Communist Party.
- ただし、公家社会でも近衛家のように足利将軍家と婚姻を結び、地方の大名・武士と朝廷との間を取り持つことで社会的な地位をある程度まで保った層から家領を武士に奪われて生活に困窮し地方に疎開するだけの人脈も持てずに没落した層まで様々であった。
- In the court nobles' society, there were various members ranging from one like the Konoe family who had a marital relationship with the Ashikaga shogun's family and maintained a social status to a certain extent by coordinating between local daimyo/samurai and the royal court to those who were ruined after being robbed of territory by samurai and becoming poor and having no personal connection to evacuate the province.
- 観応の擾乱において一時的に南朝へ下った足利直義や足利尊氏、義詮の側近から南朝へ転じた仁木義長・細川清氏のようなそれまでの北朝 (日本)内部の争乱の没落側と異なり、斯波一族の場合は南朝方へ走ることはなく、おとなしく守護国の越前へと下った。
- Unlike those people who were defeated in the battle inside the Northern Court (Japan), such as Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA and Takauji ASIKAGA who once submitted themselves to the Southern Court in the Kanno Disturbance or Yoshinaga NIKI and Kiyouji HOSOKAWA who shifted from the aids of Yoshiakira to the Southern Court side, Shiba clan obediently returned to Echizen Province instead of shifting to the Southern Court.
- なお、検地による石盛の修正があった場合、石盛の増加分を石盛出目(こくもりでめ)、減少分を石盛違引(こくもりちがいびき)と称し、土地の名目が上昇(畠→田)を石間出石(こくましゅっこく)、反対に下落(田→畠)を石間引(こくまびき)と称した。
- Furthermore, when Kokumori was to be revised in a land survey, an increase in Kokumori was called 'Kokumori-deme' and a decrease was called 'Kokumori-chigaibiki'; the term used when upgrading a piece of land (e.g.: from a field to a rice paddy) became called 'Kokuma-shukkoku' and downgrading (e.g.: from a rice paddy to a field) became called 'Kokuma-biki.'
- なお、『新撰姓氏録』左京皇別に敏達天皇の孫として見える「百済王 (皇族)(くたらのみこ)」も彦人大兄皇子の子であることは確実だが、『古事記』に掲げられた系譜には見えないため、多良王(久多良王の久が脱落)や茅渟王と同一人に考える説がある。
- It is certain that Kutarano Miko was reported in 'Shinsen Shojiroku' (Newly Compiled Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility) as a grandson of the Emperor Bidatsu on Sakyo Kobetsu (clans branched out from the Imperial Family) was a son of Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko, but since his name was not mentioned in the genealogy in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), there is a theory that Kutara no Miko was the same person as Tara no Miko (Ku from Kutara was dropped) and Chinu no Okimi.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)以降は、貢納品の独占販売権を取得し座と同様の活動を行ったが、その特権の源泉であった天皇家の権威喪失とともに聖性を失い、一部には大商人として成功する者が出た反面、被差別民の起源のひとつともなったとする部落の起源論争もある。
- Since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Kugonin had obtained the exclusive sales rights of the presents and conducted activities similar to those of Za, however, they lost their holiness with the loss of the dignity of the Imperial Family, which was the source of their privileges, some of them succeeded as large-scale merchants, and it is disputed that they were the origin of buraku one of the origins of the discriminated people.
- この漁法は網や釣竿で網や釣竿などで獲るのとは違い、魚の体を傷つけずに漁が出来るだけでなく、鵜ののどの中で魚に強い圧力をかけて魚を一瞬で失神させるために、魚が疲れることによって(特に一本釣り)魚の旨みが落ちない事に加え、魚の骨が柔らかくなる。
- In this fishing method, it is possible not only to catch a fish without damaging it unlike when they fish with nets or fishing rods but also to keep it tasty and make its bones soft because the fish falls unconscious instantly and gets tired (especially in pole-and-line fishing) when it is put under intense pressure in the cormorant's throat.
- そのころはお茶屋35軒、芸妓50名ぐらい(舞妓は襟替え等で含まれていない)いたが西陣織産業の衰退により減少し、芸妓数も20名以下に落ち込んで、歌舞会所属の舞踊学校で習っている優秀な生徒に対し組合が北野をどりへの出演を要請していた時期もあった。
- Kamishichiken at that time had thirty-five teahouses and approximately fifty geisha (apprentice geisha not included for reasons such as the eri-age, or promotion to geisha); during certain periods of time after the war, however, their numbers decreased, to less than twenty geisha for example, due to the decline of the Nishijin-ori (Nishijin weaving) industry, and the Geisha association requested talented students from dance schools affiliated with the Kamishichiken kabukai (dance society) to perform at the Kitano Odori (dance originally performed at the Kitano Tenmangu Shrine).
- なお、1938年(昭和13年)から挙行された紀元二千六百年記念行事に伴い、末永雅雄の指揮による神宮外苑の発掘調査が行われ、その地下から縄文時代後期~晩期の大集落跡と橿の巨木が立ち木のまま16平方メートルにも根を広げて埋まっていたのを発見した。
- With a commemorative ceremony for the 2,600th year of the founding of Japan held in 1938, research on the land of Jingu Gaien (the Outer Gardens of the Meiji Shrine) was conducted under the direction of Masao SUENAGA, and discovered that remains of a large settlement from the late to last of Jomon period was buried under the ground and as well found a giant evergreen oak was buried in a state of standing and spreading out its roots in 16 square meters.
- その後、織田氏の家督は信長の嫡孫・織田秀信が継いだが、秀信は豊臣秀吉の傀儡にすぎず、また清洲会議により、信長の旧領はことごとく織田家臣団によって分割相続されたため、織田政権、というより織田氏自体が、政権から単なる一大名に転落してしまったのである。
- After which, Hidenobu ODA, the legitimate grandson of Nobunaga, took over as head of the family, but he was just a puppet of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and due to the results of the Kiyosu conference, Nobunaga's former territories were all divided and succeeded by his vassals, so the Oda clan itself fell from power and was reduced to the status of an ordinary daimyo.
- なお、1938年(昭和13年)から挙行された紀元二千六百年記念行事に伴い、末永雅雄の指揮による橿原神宮外苑の発掘調査が行われ、その地下から縄文時代後期~晩期の大集落跡と橿の巨木が立ち木のまま十六平方メートルにも根を広げて埋まっていたのを発見した。
- In addition, along with the memorial events of Kigen 2600 held from 1938, excavation and research of the outer garden of Kashihara-Jingu Shrine was carried out under supervision of Masao SUENAGA to find remains of large settlements of the end to last stage of Jomon period and a big oak tree buried standing with its roots spreading to a width of 16 square meters.
- この乱により、足利尊氏・直義に分割されていた将軍の権力は尊氏のもとに一本化され、将軍の親裁権は強化されるが、高師直によって吉野を陥落させられ滅亡寸前にまで追い込まれた南朝に、直義・尊氏が交互に降るなど息を吹き返し延命したため、南北朝の動乱が長引いた。
- Because of this disturbance, the authority of the shogun that was divided between Takauji and Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA was unified under Takauji and the power of the shogun was strengthened but the Southern Court that was forced to the brink of elimination when KO no Moronao attacked Yoshino, was prolonged when Tadayoshi and Takauji surrendered in turn, and led to the prolongation of the upheaval of the period of Northern and Southern Courts.
- こうした中、儒教では利益の追求は欲望を生み出して人間を堕落の方向に向かわせると考えられ、商工業に携わること自体が本来の人間があるべき姿に反する行為として否定的に捉えられていたが、実際には貨幣経済や産業の発達により商人が経済の主導権を握るようになった。
- In Confucianism, it was thought that profit pursuing would lead to desires that would ultimately cause a human being to deteriorate and that activities of involved in commerce and industry themselves would be contrary to what a human being should be; nevertheless, under the above-mentioned circumstances, merchants took the initiative in an economy based on the development of a monetary economy and industry.
- 小辺路を含む熊野川流域に自動車道が初めて通じたのは1922年(大正11年)、北の五條市から天辻峠(標高800メートル)にトンネルを開削してのことであったが工事は遅々として進まず、川津集落 まで開通したのはようやく1936年(昭和11年)のことであった。
- By building a tunnel from Gojo City at the north to Tentsuji Pass (800 meters above sea level), in 1922, a motor road was constructed for the first time at Kumano-gawa River Basin through which Kohechi went, however the construction was deferred again and again, and in 1936 the road to Kawatsu Village was finally completed.
- 1333年(元弘3/正慶2)、反幕府勢力の討伐のために京都へ派遣された有力御家人の足利尊氏が、一転して後醍醐側へつき六波羅探題を落とすと、新田義貞が上野国で挙兵し、これに呼応した関東の御家人たちと鎌倉を攻略して、鎌倉幕府と北条氏は滅亡した(元弘の乱)。
- In 1333, when a senior vassal named Takauzi ASHIKAGA who had been dispatched to Kyoto to eliminate the anti-bakufu forces defected to the Godaigo faction and deposed the Rokuhara Tandai, Yoshisada NITTA raised an army in Kozuke Province and with Kanto gokenin, who agreed to this, captured Kamakura and thus overthrew the Kamakura bakufu and the Hojo clan (Genko War).
- 『小右記』永延2年12月4日 (旧暦)(989年1月14日)及び翌日条によれば、権中納言藤原道長が自らが推挙した甘南備永資が省試に落ちた腹いせに式部少輔橘淑信を強引に捕えて自邸まで引き回したために父親の摂政藤原兼家より一時勘当された事件が記されている。
- Articles in 'Shoyuki' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke) dated January 14, 989 and the next day states that Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Michinaga got disowned by his father, Sessho (regent) FUJIWARA no Kaneie: it was because Michinaga ordered the capture of Shikibu shoyu (Junior Assistant of the Ministry of Ceremonial) TACHIBANA no Yoshinobu and brought him forcibly to his house when he got upset knowing that Nagasuke KANNABI, whom Michinaga recommended, failed the shoshi exam.
- 実際、『三河物語』によると、同行しながらかなりの金品を持っていて家康従者に強奪されるのではと恐れて距離を置いていた穴山信君一行は、山城国綴喜郡の現在の木津川河畔(現在の京都府京田辺市の山城大橋近く)の渡しで、落ち武者狩りの土民に追いつかれ襲撃されて死んでいる。
- In fact, according to 'Mikawa Monogatari,' the group of Nobukimi ANAYAMA, who accompanied Ieyasu but kept a certain distance because he had a considerable amount of money and goods and was afraid of being robbed of them by Ieyasu's valets was caught up and killed by natives who were looking for fleeing defeated warriors at the ferry on the bank of the present Kizu River (in the vicinity of the present Yamashiro-Ohashi in Kyotanabe City, Kyoto Province) in Tsuzuki County, Yamashiro Province.
- 紅葉 - カエデ - イチョウ - 落葉 - ススキ - ハギ - 七草秋の七草 - ヒガンバナ - コスモス - キク - リンドウ - フジバカマ - キキョウ - ダリア - オミナエシ - ケイトウ - キンモクセイ - アザミ - セイタカアワダチソウ
- autumn leaves - a maple tree - ginkgo - fallen leaves - Japanese pampas grass - Japanese clover - the seven flowers of autumn - lycoris - cosmos - chrysanthemum - gentian - Eupatorium fortunei - Chinese bellflower - dahlia - Valerian Family - cockscomb - fragrant olive - thistle - Canada goldenrod
- 「首を水にて能く洗ひ、血又は土などを洗ひ落し、髪を引きさき、もとゆひに髻を高くゆひ上ぐべし。もし、かねつけおしろいべになどつけたる首ならば、其の如くにこしらへ(原文のまま)べし、顔に疵付きたらば米の粉をふりかけて、疵をまぎらかす也、紙札に首の姓名を書いて付くる也」
- 'A severed head must: be well washed with water, blood and grime washed off, have the hair combed, and arranged as before in a topknot; if you are applying face powder or lip rouge to the head at the same time, you must apply it as if to yourself (as per original text), if there are wounds on the face sprinkle rice flour on the damage to conceal the wound and write the full name of the head (i.e.. deceased) on a slip of paper and affix to the head.'
- 『狗張子』によれば、京都五条烏丸で、ある山伏が大善院という寺に泊まったところ、夜更けに激しい音とともに、天井から毛むくじゃらの手がのびて山伏の顔をなでたので、刀で斬り落としたところ、翌朝には仏壇のそばに2尺8寸(約84センチメートル)の大蜘蛛の死骸があったという。
- According to the 'Inu hariko,' when a yamabushi (a mountain priest) stayed at Daizen-in Temple in Gojo Karasuma, Kyoto, there was a very loud noise late at night, and at the same time, a hairy arm stretched from the ceiling and stroked yamabushi's face, so that the yamabushi cut off the arm, and the next morning there was the dead body of the Ogumo as big as about 84 cm by a Buddhist altar there.
- 検断とは、統治すること・裁判することを意味する用語であり、中世日本では治安行政と刑事司法、さらに軍事までもが未分化だったため、領地・村落内の内政、外交を行い、統治することが裁判を行うことと密接につながっていた(日葡辞書によると、検断は統治・裁判を行う役職、とある)。
- The kendan is the term to mean to rule and to hold a trial, and addressing domestic policies, diplomacies, and governing territories and rural communities were closely connected to holding a trial because security, government, and criminal justice, even the military, were not separated in medieval Japan (according to 'Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam:' Japanese-Portuguese dictionary, published 1603 - 1604), kendan was described as a post to rule and hold a trial).
- 太閤検地においては、上田を1石 (単位)5斗、中田を1石3斗、下田を1石1斗としてランクが1つ落ちるごとに2斗ずつ下げる方法(2斗下り)が採用され、屋敷地は1石2斗を基準とすること、下々田・畠・河原などについては「見計い」とされ、検地担当者の裁量によるものとされた。
- In the Taiko Kenchi (land surveys conducted by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), the method for ranking rice paddies was to reduce 2 To (36 liters) when the rank of the rice paddy is downgraded by one (also known as 'Nitokudari,' literally meaning 'reduction of Two To'); rice paddies that produced 1 Koku and 5 To (about 270 liters) was ranked as high grade, those that produced 1 Koku and 3 To (about 235 liters) as medium grade, and those that produced 1 Koku and 1 To (about 198 liters) as lower grade; while the standard for residential areas was to be 1 Koku and 2 To (about 216 liters), other fields known as 'mihakarai,' such as bottom-ranked rice paddies, fields and riverside fields were left to the discretion of the person in charge of the land survey.
- その本来の屋根建材としての用途のみに限らず、平瓦を、壁に用いて漆喰で継ぎ手を板かまぼこ状に盛り固めた「海鼠壁(なまこかべ)」や、瓦や石などを粘土で接着し固めて造る「練塀(ねりべい)」などの壁材、寺院の基壇のタイルのような役目や雨落ちや雨落溝の一部としても用いられる。
- Not only for the purpose of roof material, Kawara tiles are also used as wall materials, such as 'Namakokabe' (a wall with square tiles jointed with raised plaster) and 'Neribei' (daub wall), on which tiles or stones are put and fixed with clay, and sometimes used as tiles on a stylobate of temples and as a part of drainage canals.
- 保延3年(1137年)から建長4年(1252年)までの期間において大臣に補任された66名のうち、57名の似絵(肖像画)が描かれている(脱落している9名は花山院家忠・中御門宗忠・三条実房・花山院兼雅・高野兼房・中山忠親・九条良経・大炊御門頼実・近衛家実と言われている)。
- It contains nise-e (Kamakura-period realistic portraitures of courtiers and warriors painted in the Yamato-e style) of 57 of 66 ministers appointed between 1137 and 1252 (the nine missing ministers are said to be Ietada KAZANIN, Munetada NAKAMIKADO, Sanefusa SANJO, Kanemasa KAZANIN, Kanefusa TAKANO, Tadachika NAKAYAMA, Yoshitsune KUJO, Yorizane OINOMIKADO and Iezane KONOE.)
- 同じ6月1日の夕、光秀は1万3000の手勢を率いて丹波亀山城を出陣し京に向かった(光秀は亀山城 (丹波国)には事件前にも後にも死ぬまで立ち寄っておらず、坂本城より3000の兵で本能寺に向かい、到着したのは本能寺が焼け落ちた午前7時半より数時間後の9時頃だったとする説もある)。
- On the same day, June 1 in the evening, Mitsuhide departed the Tanba Kameyama-jo Castle to Kyoto at the head of an army of 13,000 (There is another view that Mitsuhide did not visit Kameyama-jo Castle (Tanba Province) before or after the event and he moved toward Honno-ji Temple from Sakamoto-jo Castle at the head of 3,000 troops and arrived around nine o'clock, that is several hours after seven thirty A.M. when the Honno-ji Temple burnt down.)
- 『「当時のままの字句」ではないという条件付きで、「直江状」の存在を容認したい』とし、追而書については笠谷和比古も指摘した「後代の偽作挿入の可能性」に留意しつつも、追而書のある直江状が徳川氏周辺から出ていることから、筆写の段階で欠落または意図的に削除された可能性を指摘している。
- He pointed out the possibility that it was missed or intentionally removed during the copying stage because Naoejo with the postscript came out from around the Tokugawa clan, saying that 'I would like to accept the existence of 'Naoejo' with the condition that 'they were not the phrases of that time'' while paying attention to the postscript with 'a possibility that it was forged and inserted in later years', which also pointed out by Kazuhiko KASAYA.
- だが、荘園公領制が解体する14世紀に入ると、生産力の上昇や農民層の抵抗、更に荘園内部でも上級層の没落と下級層の上昇などが発生し、更にその中で上位の者は領主や地侍としての地位を獲得して荘園領主の支配から脱却したり、荘園内外にて独自の経営地及び独自の小作関係の形成を行うようになる。
- However, during the fourteenth century, many factors, such as the improvement of productivity, the resistance of the class of peasants, and the downfall of the upper-class together with the advancement of the lower-class, contributed to the demise of the shoen-koryo sei. Further, there were those of the upper-class who attained the position as a landlord or a jizamurai (local samurai) which enabled them to break away from the rule of the manor owners and to establish their own business managing and renting their lands to local peasants.
- 『古事記』敏達段の押坂彦人大兄皇子の系譜に百済王の名は見えず、妃糠手姫皇女所生の多良王(たらのみこ、舒明天皇同母弟)である可能性(「久多良王」の「久」が脱落したか?)が大きいと推察される一方、妃大俣王所生の茅渟王(ちぬのみこ、皇極天皇・孝徳天皇の父)と同一人と推定する説もある。
- In 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), there was no name of Kudara no Okimi in Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko's genealogy in the Emperor Bidatsu's section, it is highly possible that the Kudara no Okimi was Tara no miko (a younger brother-uterine of the Emperor Jomei) who was born to Nukadehime no himemiko ('Ku' in 'Kutara no miko' may have been dropped?); on the other hand, there is another theory saying that he was Kinu no miko (the father of the Emperor Kogyoku and the Emperor Kotoku) born to Omata no miko.
- また守護の斯波義種に反抗して元中4年/嘉慶 (日本)元年(1387年)善光寺に村上頼国、小笠原清順、長沼太郎らと挙兵し5月に平柴(長野市安茂里)の守護所を攻めて漆田原(長野市中御所)で戦い、8月には守護代の二宮氏泰が篭城する横山城を攻め落とし、続いて生仁城(千曲市雨宮)も攻めた。
- The Takanashi clan resisted the governor Yoshitane SHIBA, rose in arms at Zenko-ji Temple along with Yorikuni MURAKAMI, Seijun OGASAWARA and Taro NAGANUMA in 1387, attacked the prefectural office in Hirashiba (Amori, Nagano City) in May, fought at Urushidahara (Nakagosho, Nagano City), captured Yokoyama-jo Castle (in which Ujiyasu NINOMIYA, Shugodai [deputy of Shugo, provincial constable] had taken refuge) in September, and attacked Namani-jo Castle (Amamiya, Chikuma City).
- 最初は、この語を、気障生意気などの意に用ひ、髮の分け方苅り込方の気障なるをも、ハイカラと冷評し、女の庇髪の出過ぎたるをもハイカラと罵倒したりしが、小松氏の言、讖<しん>をなせしにや、終には、其義を引伸して、洒落者、或は最新式などの義にも用ひ、社会上下を通じて、一般の流行語となれり。
- At first the word was used to mean affectation, impudence and so on like calling hikara an affected manner of dividing or cutting hair, or abusing too long hisashigami as haikara, but as Mr. KOMATSU predicted, the word has widened its meaning including a fashionable person or being up-to-date and it has become a popular word both in the upper social class and in the lower social class.
- これは、有名な近世城郭の多くは、少なくともその状態での実戦を経験していないために現在まで良く保存された遺構が残されている一方で、戦国時代の城が没落し、あるいは近世城郭に生まれ変わることのできなかった原因の1つは、陥落を経験し、その後、放棄されてしまったためであることを示すものでもある。
- This means that many of the famous modern castles have not experienced actual fighting, at least in their current conditions and therefore they have structural remains which have been well preserved and, on the other hand, one of the reasons why castles in the Sengoku Period were ruined or could not be changed to a modern castle is that they experienced falling and then were abandoned.
- (「吉祥院」を冠称)三ノ宮町、中島、清水、定成町、船戸町、井ノ口、車道町、池ノ内町、西浦町、里ノ内町、落合町、政所町、西ノ内町、高畑町、八反田町、這登町、仁木ノ森町、菅原町、東浦、稲葉、前田、池田、長田町、砂ノ町、観音堂町、蒔絵、口河原、竹ケ尻、新田壱ノ段町、新田弐ノ段町、新田下ノ向、堤外
- (Prefixed by 'Kisshoin') Sannomiya-cho, Nakajima, Shimizu, Sadanari-cho, Funato-cho, Inokuchi, Kurumamichi-cho, Ikenouchi-cho, Nishiura-cho, Satonouchi-cho, Ochiai-cho, Mandokoro-cho, Nishinouchi-cho, Takahata-cho, Hattanda-cho, Hainobori-machi, Nikinomori-cho, Sugawara-machi, Higashiura, Inaba, Maeda, Ikeda, Nagata-cho, Sunano-cho, Kannondo-cho, Makie, Kuchigawara, Takegajiri, Shinden-ichinodan-cho, Shinden-ninodan-cho, Shinden-shimonomukai, Tsutsumisoto
- これに対して南インドでは伝統的な村落共同体の影響が強いために、農民の従来通りの土地所有を前提としてより緩やかなライーヤトワーリー制が導入されたものの、5-6割の地租の前に未納を理由とした官の没収もしくは納税のための借金のかたに領主・地主層からなる金融業者の差押を経て北インドと同様の土地支配体制が広がっていった。
- In contrast to this, the influence of the village community was strong in the south of India and though the more loose Raiyatowari system was introduced there on the premise of traditional farmers' landownership, the lands were confiscated by government officials because of non-payment of 50 to 60 percent of land tax, or the lands were seized by money brokers who consisted of the lords and landowners because of tax payments for debts and through these, the land government system spread as in the north of India.
- 小鼓との神経戦である乱拍子(間をはかりながら小鼓に合わせ一歩ずつ三角に回る;大きな間をとるので、ラジオ放送では放送事故 - 無音時間過長 - になったこともある)から一転急ノ舞になる迫力、シテが鐘の中に飛び込むや鐘後見が鐘を落とすタイミング、鐘の中で単身装束を替え後ジテの姿となる変わり身と興趣が尽きない能である。
- This Noh pieces contains many interesting essences, including the dynamic change from the ranbyoshi (dancer takes measured steps in triangular formation to match the beat of the kotsuzumi [shoulder drum] – the lengthy pauses have caused radio broadcasting incidents, due to the maximum time of silence allowed being exceeded) which is a contest of nerves with the kotsuzumi to the kyu no mai (high-tempo dance), the superb timing for the koken (stagehands) to drop the bell after the shite jumps into it, and the shite changing costume inside the bell unassisted to appear as the nochi-jite (lead role of latter half).
- 伊達巻という名前の由来については、 伊達政宗の好物だったことから伊達巻と呼ばれるようになったという説 普通の卵焼きよりも味も見栄えも豪華なために、洒落て凝っている装いを意味する「伊達もの」から伊達巻と呼ぶようになったという説 女性用の和服に使われる伊達巻きに似ていることからこう呼ぶようになったという説など諸説ある。
- There are various theories as to the origin of the name 'datemaki':It is called datemaki - because Masamune DATE liked it; - based on the word 'datemono'which means classy, sophisticated costumes, because it is more gorgeous both in taste and in appearance than a normal omelet; or - because it looks like datemaki, a kind of slim sash used for females' wafuku (Japanese traditional clothes).
- 後に「武士」として登場する、関東の開発領主達の11世紀末までの状況がどうだったかといえば、当時はその所領支配は、郡司、郷司などの公的な職の体系を媒介として、開墾を行い、村落を形成することを課題としはじめた頃であり、領地支配、あるいはその拡大において、隣接する開発領主との抗争が日常化するほどの飽和点にはまだ至ってはいない。
- The situation of kaihatsu-ryoshu in the Kanto region that later appeared as 'bushi' in the late eleventh century used soryo ruling through gunji, goji, and other public duties to start cultivating and forming villages and was not up to a saturated level to quarrel constantly with neighboring kaihatsu-ryoshu over the ruling and expansion of manors.
- 長州藩は没落して朝敵となるが、攘夷派であった孝明天皇の崩御、薩長同盟で薩摩と長州が密約を結ぶと、15代将軍の徳川慶喜は大政奉還を行い公議政体構築を目指すが、王政復古 (日本)により明治政府が成立、鳥羽伏見の戦いで旧幕府軍が敗北し、徳川慶喜に対する追討令が出ると、法的には幕府機構は消滅しているものの武力討幕運動が盛んになる。
- The Choshu clan toppled to become chouteki (朝敵), but after the death of Emperor Komei, who belonged to the sect that sought the expulsion of foreigners, Satsuma and Choshu concluded the Saccho Coalition (薩長同盟), and the fifteenth shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, seeking the establishment of the Kougi government, conducted the restoration of imperial rule; however, the Meiji Government was established through the acceptance of restoration of imperial rule (Japan), and upon the defeat of the former Bakufu army in the Battle of Toba Fushimi, the order to hunt down Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was released, and even though the Bakufu structure was legally extinguished, the Tobaku movement through military power became active.
- 『続日本後紀』嘉祥元年7月丙戌(29日)条(848年8月31日)に平安京内で落雷があり破損した建物の中に弘文院が含まれていること、仁和元年(885年)に菅原道真が弘文院を訪問した時に詠んだとされる漢詩(「秋夜宿弘文院」)が『菅家文章』に残されていることから、少なくても弘文院設置から80年間は存在していたものと考えられている。
- Since the entry for August 31, 848 in 'Shoku Nihon Koki' (Later Chronicle of Japan Continued) contains the description that lightning struck in Heiankyo and damaged some buildings, which included the Kobunin, and since a Chinese poem ('秋夜宿弘文院') supposedly composed by SUGAWARA no Michizane when he visited the Kobunin in 885 was contained in 'Kanke bunso' (an anthology of Chinese-style poetry by SUGAWARA no Michizane) in 885, it was estimated that the Kobunin had existed at least for 80 years after it was founded.
- 恰幅のいい体つきと、明るく豪放磊落な仁で、『勧進帳』の弁慶、『暫』鎌倉権五郎、『毛抜』の粂寺弾正のような荒事や、『義経千本桜』の権太、『髪結新三』、『盲長屋梅加賀鳶』、『魚屋宗五郎』といった世話物、『仮名手本忠臣蔵』の大星由良助、寺岡平右衛門、『熊谷陣屋』の熊谷直実、『義経千本桜』の知盛、狐忠信などの時代物にも定評があった。
- With his imposing stature and bright and open hearted benevolence, he won acclaim in roles in domestic dramas including Benkei in 'Kanjincho,' Gongoro KAMAKURA in 'Shibaraku,' aragoto style such as Kumedera Danjo in 'Kenuki,' Gonta in 'Yoshitsune Senbon-zakura,' 'Kamiyuishinzo,' 'Mekuranagaya-umega-kagatobi,' 'Sakana Sogoro,' and historical plays including Yuranosuke OBOSHI in 'Kanadehon Chushingura,' Heiemon TERAOKA and Naozane KUMAGAI in 'Kumagai Jinya,' Tomomori and Tadanobu KITSUNE in 'Yoshitsune Senbon-zakura.'
- 容易に李氏朝鮮の首都である漢城が陥落すると、日本の諸将は5月に漢城にて軍議を開き、各方面軍による八道国割と呼ばれる制圧目標を決めた(平安道から一番隊小西行長他、咸鏡道から二番隊加藤清正他、黄海道から三番隊黒田長政他、江原道から四番隊毛利吉成他、忠清道から五番隊福島正則他、全羅道から六番隊小早川隆景他、慶尚道から七番隊毛利輝元他、京畿道から八番隊宇喜多秀家他)。
- After Hancheong, which had been the capital of Yi Dynasty Korea, fell easily, Japanese commanders held a war council in June in Hancheong and determined targets of subjugation called Hachidokuniwari (literally, dividing the country into eight routes) by each corps (the First Division of Yukinaga KONISHI and others from Pyeongan Province, the Second Division of Kiyomasa KATO and others from Hangyong Province, the Third Division of Nagamasa KURODA and others from Hwanghae Province, the Forth Division of Yoshinari MORI and others from Gangwon Province; the Fifth Division of Masanori FUKUSHIMA and others from Chungcheong Province; the Sixth Division by Takakage KOBAYAKAWA and others from Jeolla Province, the Seventh Division by Terumoto MORI and others from Gyeongsang Province, and the Eighth Division of Hideie UKITA and others from Gyeonggi Province).
- この頃になると、算博士の世襲化が進み算道によって奉試に合格するとともに、譜第の家系であることが算博士就任の要件とされるようになり、当初は家原氏・大蔵氏が平安時代前期には世襲化も兆候を見せるものの長続きせず、両氏の没落後は小槻氏・三善氏の両氏が世襲するようになり、自己の算道を家学・秘伝化し、また有能な門人を養子として家名を継承させることで他氏を排除するようになった。
- Around this time, the heredity of San hakase grew in importance, and being part of a hereditary family joined passing Hoshi as a requirement for assuming the role of San hakase; initially, in the early Heian period, the Iehara and Okura clans began to make it into the heredity, but this did not last; then, after the ruin of the preceding clans, the Ozuki and Miyoshi clans began to utilize heredity, made their own Sando into hereditary learning and secret teachings, and excluded other clans by adopting capable disciples to inherit the family name.
- 爰ニ佐渡判官入道々誉都ヲ落ケル時、我宿所ヘハ定テサモトアル大将ヲ入替、尋常ニ取シタヽメテ、六間ノ会所ニハ大文ノ畳ヲ敷双ベ、本尊・脇絵・花瓶・香炉・鑵子・盆ニ至マデ、一様ニ皆置調ヘテ、書院ニハ羲之ガ草書ノ偈・韓愈ガ文集、眠蔵ニハ、沈ノ枕ニ鈍子ノ宿直物ヲ取副テ置ク、十二間ノ遠待ニハ、鳥・兎・雉・白鳥、三竿ニ懸双ベ、三石入許ナル大筒ニ酒ヲ湛ヘ、遁世者二人留置テ、誰ニテモ此宿所ヘ来ラン人ニ一献ヲ進メヨト、巨細ヲ申置ニケリ
- When Sado hankan (Doyo SASAKI) was defeated, he invited the general to his palace as something of norm, within a kaisho as big as six rooms, a tatami with the enormous family crest was lined up together, and even honzon (the principle image such as Mandala), wakie (scroll), flower vase, incense burner, tea pot, and tray were lined together, and the study room had sanskrit written by Ogishi (Chinese calligrapher), literature written by Kanyu (Confucianism scholar in Korea), sleeping quarter with a pillow smelling of Winter daphne, took the sleeping gear and placed it on donsu (Chinese blanket), and the twelve rooms of the samurai serving far from the lord had hanging birds, rabbits, pheasant, and swan piled up high, and big cylinder that could contain as much as three seki (541 liters) contained sake (Japanese rice wine) and stopped two Buddhist followes, and said, 'try to serve a shot of wine to anyone who visits this lodging.'
- (昭和44年廃止)池田町、掛落町、庄境町、溝端町、六条町、郡浅代町、郡大宮田町、郡構エ町、郡北裏町、郡北堂ノ後町、郡南堂ノ後町、郡五反田町、郡衣手町、郡三反田町、郡四条縄手町、郡七反田町、郡芝土井町、郡下河原町、郡新上坊町、郡隅明町(こおりすみあけちょう)、郡大波町(こおりだいはちょう)、郡附洲町、郡佃町、郡辻堂町、郡鍋淵町、郡二反田町、郡浜ノ本町、郡樋渡町、郡平尻町(こおりへいじりちょう)、郡宮ノ後町、郡六条町
- (abolished in 1969) Ikedacho, Kakeochicho, Shozakaicho, Mizobatacho, Rokujocho, Kori Asashirocho, Kori Omiyatacho, Kori Kokocho, Kori Kitauracho, Kori Kitadonoatocho, Kori Minamidonoatocho, Kori Gotandacho, Kori Koromodecho, Kori Mitandacho, Kori Shijonawatecho, Kori Shichitandacho, Kori Shibadoicho, Kori Shimokawaracho, Kori Sinjobocho, Kori Sumiakecho, Kori Daihacho, Kori Fuzucho, Kori Tsukudacho, Kori Tsujidocho, Kori Nabefuchicho, Kori Nitandacho, Kori Hamanomotocho, Kori Hiwataricho, Kori Heijiricho, Kori Miyanoatocho and Kori Rokujo-cho
- 祖先は陵戸(みささぎのへ)で沙沙貴(ささき)の名前も陵戸が変化した物と言う説があるが、日本書紀には「狭々城山君韓袋宿裲」(ささきやまぎみからふくろのすくね)が雄略天皇による押磐皇子謀殺に荷担したために罰せられ、死刑とする代わりに身分を落とし賤民である陵戸とされ全ての官籍を剥奪の上で山部連の下に置かれたが、同族の「置目老嫗」(おきめのおみな)が押磐皇子の遺骨の所在を知らせた功により置目老嫗の兄である「倭袋宿裲」が韓袋宿裲に代わり狭々城山君の姓を賜ったとある。
- There is a theory that the name Sasaki was changed from the ancestor's name, Misasagi no He, but in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) it was written that 'Sasakiyama gimi Karafukuro no Sukune' helped the Emperor Yuryaku to murder Prince Oshiha and was therefore demoted to the humble rank of Ryoko instead of receiving the death penalty and was transferred under Yamabe no muraji after being deprived of any title; however, because 'Okime no Omina' from his family confessed to where the remains of the Prince Oshiha were placed, 'Yamato Fukuro no Sukune', who was the brother of Okime no Omina, was given the name Sasakiyama gimi in place of Karafukuro no Sukune.