莫大: 192 Terms and Phrases

• 莫大
• enormous
• vast
• malva nut
• immense
• immensely
• Sterculia lychnophora
• huge
• enormously
• hugely

• 莫大沼
• Bakudainuma

• 莫大小
• knitting (spa: medias, por: meias)
• hosiery
• knitted goods

• 莫大な
• billion
• enormous
• huge
• immense
• infinite
• vast

• 莫大に
• immensely
• vastly

• 莫大海
• malva nut

• 莫大な数
• zillion

• 莫大な利益
• a very large profit

• 莫大な課税
• swingeing taxation

• 莫大な展望
• a prodigious vision

• 莫大な数の鳥
• immense numbers of birds

• 莫大なhuge
• enormous

• 莫大な財政支出
• huge government spending

• 莫大な電話代請求書
• a whacking phone bill

• 莫大な資産を有していた。
• They had enormous assets.

• 私は莫大な遺産を相続した。
• I came into a huge fortune.

• 莫大な（または、巨大な）出費
• at vast (or immense) expense

• 彼は莫大な遺産を受け継いだ。
• He inherited of a great fortune.

• 人間の生活における代価は莫大だ
• the cost in human life was enormous

• その会社の給料総額は莫大だった
• the company had a large payroll

• 彼の胃は莫大な食事の後で膨れた
• His stomach bulged after the huge meal

• 有益で非常に莫大な量の取引活動
• very large and profitable volume of commercial activity

• 彼は戦後に莫大な財産を築いた。
• He accumulated a tremendous fortune during the post war.

• 彼は子供に莫大な財産を残した。
• He left an immense fortune to his children.

• 彼は息子に莫大な財産を残した。
• He left a large fortune to his son.

• 彼は莫大な財産を所有している。
• He is possessed of a great fortune.

• ジョンは莫大な財産を相続した。
• John inherited a large fortune.

• 叔父は莫大な資産を持っている。
• My uncle is possessed of great wealth.

• 昨年、莫大な予算上の赤字があった
• last year there was a serious budgetary deficit

• 彼は莫大な財産を相続するだろう。
• He will come into a large fortune.

• 彼はその妻に莫大な財産を残した。
• He left his wife an enormous fortune.

• 莫大な利益の誘惑に勝てなかった。
• I could not resist the lure of great profits.

• 彼女は莫大な財産を独占している。
• She has a large fortune to herself.

• 私の叔母は莫大な財産を相続した。
• My aunt inherited the huge estate.

• 天龍寺船は莫大な利益を上げて帰国。
• Tenryuji-bune returned to Japan having made an immense profit.

• 莫大な石油保有量は、経済を支配する
• vast oil reserves dominate the economy

• その老人は妻に莫大な遺産を残した。
• The old man left a large fortune to his wife.

• その洪水で作物は莫大な被害を受けた。
• The flood caused a great deal of damage to the crop.

• 私のおじは莫大な財産を所有している。
• My uncle is possessed of great wealth.

• その貿易商は戦後に莫大な財産を築いた。
• The merchant accumulated tremendous fortune during the postwar era.

• その老人は妻に莫大な財産を残して死んだ。
• The old man left a large fortune to his wife.

• 私の６０歳の叔母は莫大な財産を相続した。
• My sixty-year-old aunt inherited the huge estate.

• 祖母は莫大な財産を私たちに残してくれた。
• My grandmother left us a great fortune.

• そして、購入には莫大な経済力が必要だった。
• And buying them required vast economic power.

• この結果、家康は莫大な財を次代に残している。
• Resultantly, Ieyasu left a vast amount of assets to the next generation.

• この絵には莫大な額のお金に相当する価値がある。
• This painting is worth a great deal of money.

• 彼の娘婿がその莫大な財産の相続人になるだろう。
• His son-in-law will be the heir to the enormous fortune.

• 彼女は莫大な財産を持っていて暮らし向きがよい。
• She is in good circumstances with a large fortune.

• 暴力団はその金持ちから莫大な金をゆすり取った。
• The gangsters extorted a vast sum of money from the rich man.

• 彼女は、彼女の莫大な富を彼女の2人の息子に与えた
• She vested her vast fortune in her two sons

• このため秤座と守随氏の利益は莫大なものになった。
• Thus hakari-za and the Shuzui family made enormous profits.

• これらで得た莫大な利益は、軍費などに充てられた。
• The immense profits gained by these trading activities were used for war funds.

• 第一に白銀の消失は彼に莫大な利益をもたらします。
• He had a great interest in the disappearance of the favourite.

• 原子爆弾の爆発は、空中に莫大な放射線を発生させる
• the burst of an atom bomb creates enormous radiation aloft

• 私の６０歳のおばあちゃんは莫大な財産を相続した。
• My sixty-year-old aunt inherited the huge estate.

• 誰も莫大な富を持ってあの世へは行かない−テオグニス
• No one goes to Hades with all his immense wealth-Theognis

• 私の友人には莫大な財産があることは知っていました。
• I knew my acquaintance to be wealthy.

• 彼は仕事で蒙った莫大な損失から立ち直れないだろう。
• He will never get over his huge business losses.

• どのくらい莫大な赤字に国家は耐えられるのだろうか。
• How huge a deficit can the nation stand?

• ただ無意識に、莫大な金が入った旅行鞄を抱きしめていた。
• clung mechanically to the carpetbag, with its enormous treasure.

• 後白河院は莫大な荘園を長講堂に寄進し長講堂領が確立する。
• Chokodo-ryo was established after the retired Emperor Goshirakawa donated vast numbers of shoen to the Chokodo.

• その莫大な財産は自分に自由に出来る物だ、と彼は主張した。
• He claimed that the enormous property was at his disposal.

• 莫大な資産を得て、ヨーロッパで悠々自適の生活を送っていた。
• She received a huge inheritance and lived comfortably in Europe.

• 父後高倉院より莫大な八条院領の大部分などの所領を譲られる。
• She took over huge estates such as; most parts of Hachijoin-ryo (estates of Hachijo-in) from her father, Emperor Gotakakurain.

• 彼は、その莫大な財産は自分が自由に出来るものだと主張した。
• He claimed that the enormous property was at his disposal.

• 宣陽門院は霊夢のお告げに従い、東寺に莫大な荘園を寄進した。
• Following a revelation in her dream, Senyomonin donated her vast manor to To-ji.

• このとき清正は莫大な人手をまかなうため男女の別なく動員した。
• At that time, Kiyomasa mobilized workers irrespective of gender to secure an enormous labor force.

• 当時の1回の勘合船が輸入した品物の総額は莫大な金額になった。
• The total amount of goods imported by the kangosen each time reached a staggering amount.

• 奴は水夫達を、成功謝礼附きの莫大な現金で買収しちまったのさ。
• He could buy ' em at so much a gross with a cash discount, and he did it before ever they signed on.

• このことが、アンドリュー・スピーディに莫大な影響を及ぼした。
• This had a prodigious effect on Andrew Speedy.

• 彼の親戚たちは、当然自分が彼の莫大な財産を相続すると思った。
• His relatives took it for granted that they would inherit the bulk of his wealth.

• そのまま旅順攻囲戦に参加し、攻略の一翼を担って莫大な損害を出した。
• They participated in the Lushun siege warfare, and suffered enormous damage when capturing Lushin.

• そのための氷が莫大なコストをかけてアメリカの湖水から運ばれていた。
• brought at great cost from the American lakes.

• 受領は、その強大な権限を背景に、莫大な蓄財を行うことも可能であった。
• By utilizing his immense influence, the zuryo was able to accumulate immense wealth.

• 莫大な金を産出し、宮殿や民家は黄金でできているなど、財宝に溢れている。
• It produced a large quantity of gold, so that palaces and private houses were made in gold, being abundant in treasure.

• 同社は、まだ、統合でチップが、跳ね上がり、莫大な配当を払うと考えている
• the company still believes the chip is a leapfrog in integration and will pay huge dividends

• 中でも莫大な量を占めたのが刀剣で、年間3万～4万本輸出された年があった。
• Swords accounted for the large portion of export and their annual export sometimes reached to 30,000 to 40,000.

• 米国の金融家で、鉄道と物流で莫大な富を蓄積した（1794年−1877年）
• United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877)

• しかしその秋、息子たちは、莫大なブドウの収穫という宝を手にしたのだった。
• but the vines repaid their labor by an extraordinary and superabundant crop.

• そのため、宮中における茶の接待には準備も含めて莫大な手間と費用がかかった。
• Consequently, it took enormous time and money to prepare tea services for the Imperial Court.

• ところで、フォッグ氏が持っていった莫大な金はもういくらも残っていなかった。
• But a few pounds were left of the large sum he had carried with him.

• 乗っ取りが失敗した場合には、鞘取引をした人は莫大な損失を受ける可能性がある
• if the takeover fails the arbitrageur may lose a great deal of money

• 大量の贈り物や莫大な荘園の安堵などを行ない、大姫入内の為の朝廷工作を計った。
• Yoritomo planned Imperial Court maneuvering by giving large amounts of gifts and approvals of a landownership of a vast shoen (manor in medieval Japan), to have Ohime enter the court.

• 花魁を揚げるには莫大な資金が必要であり、一般庶民には手が出せないものであった。
• It was extraordinarily expensive to spend time with an oiran, and ordinary people could not afford it.

• その一方で、莫大で思いもよらない行動の領域が存在すると、わたしたちに確信させる。
• on the other hand, it manages to assure us of an immense and unexpected field of action.

• 莫大な資産に慣れている人々の不注意な寛大さと発作的な浪費−イーディス・ウォートン
• the heedless generosity and the spasmodic extravagance of persons used to large fortunes- Edith Wharton

• アラハバードまでその獣を使うのに、一時間につき十ポンドという莫大な金額を提案した。
• offering the excessive sum of ten pounds an hour for the loan of the beast to Allahabad.

• それで得た金を金原明善と組んで満州へ投資し、これも当たったことから莫大な財産を得る。
• He invested the money gained by that fortune-telling into Manchuria in aligning with Meizen KINBARA, which also pulled off a good speculation and he gained the enormous property.

• しかし人工孵化と孵化直後養殖技術はいまだ莫大な費用がかかり成功率も低いため研究中である。
• However, artificial incubation and aqua farming technologies immediately after hatching are still extremely costly and the success rate is low, and they are still being researched.

• 公立では地元の素封家が県に莫大な寄付をして設立した富山県立富山高等学校 (旧制)がある。
• For public schools, there is Toyama Kenritsu Toyama Koto Gakko (Toyama Prefectural Toyama High School) (under the old system) which was established by a wealthy local family who donated an enormous amount of money to the prefecture.

• また、『太平記』には、佐々木道誉が莫大な景品を賭けて「百服茶」を開いたことが記されている。
• It was also written in 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace) that Doyo SASAKI held a Hyakufuku-cha (Hundred Cups of Tea) (a kind of tocha) to compete for enormous prizes.

• そしてジェジーが二年前にシナを出ていっており、莫大な富を持って事業を引退したことを知った。
• to learn that Jeejeeh had left China two years before, and, retiring from business with an immense fortune,

• 1612年、朱印船貿易の特権を得ることに成功し、主にベトナム北部に船を派遣し、莫大な富を得た。
• In 1612, he successfully obtained the special privilege in the shuinsen boeki, and he acquired a tremendous amount of wealth by sending ships mostly to Northern Vietnam.

• 宗達は流派に拠らない学術的な茶道の教授体系を考案しようとしたらしく、莫大な量の草稿を残している。
• Sotatsu left a huge vokume of scripts showing that he had apparently intended to create an academic teaching system of the tea ceremony regardless of whatever school or sect it may concern.

• 忠盛は諸国の受領を歴任したことに加えて、日宋貿易にも従事して莫大な富を蓄え、平氏政権の礎を築いた。
• He created immense wealth from serving as the governor of several provinces and from trading between Japan and the Song Dynasty; and, this established the base of the Taira clan government.

• 三代四郎次郎清次は引き続き幕府御用達商人をつとめ、更に朱印船貿易での特権を獲得し、莫大な富を得る。
• The third generation Shirojiro Kiyotsugu continued to serve as a merchant holding the bakufu's warrant, and furthermore, he obtained the special privilege to the shuinsen boeki (trading by ships with a shogunal charter for foreign trade from the late 16th century to the mid-17th century) and he acquired great wealth.

• 南蛮渡来の掘削技術や精錬手法を積極的に取り入れ、莫大な量の金を産出し、治水事業や軍事費に充当した。
• The excavation technology and refining method were actively employed from nanban (the Europe), and a large amount of gold was yielded to be devoted to flood prevention projects and military expenses.

• 『武将感状記』によると、築堤の総経費は63万5040貫文、米6万3504石という莫大なものとなった。
• According to 'Busho Kanjoki' (Collection of Samurai Generals' Letters of Appreciation for Distinguished War Services), the total cost of the embankment amounted to as much as 635,040 kanmon and 63,504 koku (crop yields).

• 撰銭を禁じた大名から良貨を大量に仕入れ、これを融解して悪貨を作って戻せば莫大な利益が出ることになる。
• If a person obtained lots of high-quality coins from a daimyo who prohibited erizen, melt them and generated corresponding low-quality coins, the person could gain a huge profit.

• 安芸国守に任じられて瀬戸内海の制海権を手にすることで莫大な利益をあげ、父と共に西国への勢力を拡大した。
• He created huge profits by being appointed Aki-kokushu (Governor of Aki Province) and obtaining naval dominance over the Seto Inland Sea, and he and his father together expanded their power to Sai-goku (Western Japan).

• しかも放埒な性質のため、巧（たくみ）な詐欺手段で有名なロンドンの商人から、莫大なお金を取ったのだった。
• but of incurably vicious habits, who had by an ingenious system of fraud obtained huge sums of money from the leading London merchants.

• しかも莫大な建設費の償還が必要な大阪モノレールを窮地に追い込むことからこの構想に異を唱える意見もある。
• Moreover, some have expressed disagreement with this idea because it could drive Osaka Monorail Co., Ltd., into a corner, which still needs to have its huge construction cost reimbursed.

• 一部の特権階級のため莫大な資金を投入しての市場介入に公正な取引を監視する筈の与力たちが見て見ぬふりをする。
• Yoriki who should monitor fair trade turned a blind eye to market intervention by enormous transfers of funding for certain privileged classes.

• このとき、本願寺法主顕如も莫大な献金を行っており、天皇から門跡の称号を与えられ、以後本願寺の権勢が増した。
• On the same occasion Ken-nyo, Hosshu (the head of a Buddhist sect) of Hongan-ji Temple was given the title of Monzeki (an imperial prince in holy orders; a priest-prince made) after they gave an enormous donation, whereby Hongan-ji Temple established more authority.

• 幕府はこれらの莫大な造営費用を確保するために、新たな財源として、貿易船による収入という手段に注目していた。
• To obtain a huge amount of revenue to cover these building expenses, the bakufu paid attention to the income brought about by trading vessels as a new revenue source.

• フィックスは、莫大な成功報酬を得られるという確信を持って、モンゴリア号を（苛立ちをみせなから）待っていた。
• The detective was evidently inspired by the hope of obtaining the splendid reward which would be the prize of success, and awaited with a feverish impatience, easy to understand, the arrival of the steamer Mongolia.

• 勅使と院使の饗応には莫大な予算がかかることから、幕府は余計な蓄財をさせない意味で外様大名ばかりを任命した。
• As entertaining the messengers of the emperor or the retired emperor cost a huge amount of money, the Edo bakufu appointed only tozama daimyo as Kyooyaku to prevent them from saving extra money.

• 政府の西南戦争の軍事費は4100万円にのぼり、当時の税収4800万円のほとんどを使い果たすほど莫大になった。
• The military expenditures of the government reached a vast amount of \41 million, almost all of the yearly tax revenue of \48 million.

• 国家主導の都市や寺院の建設には莫大な費用がかかり、動員された人々への支払いに充てる通貨が必要とされていたこと。
• Urban and temple construction led by the state needed enormous expenses and currency was necessary to pay organized people.

• 撤去の方法として移築も検討されたが、莫大な費用がかかるため、1995年に尖塔部分のみを残して庁舎は解体された。
• Though relocation was also discussed as a method of removal, it would cost huge sums of money, so in 1995, the building was demolished and only the steeple part was left.

• さて、白河院政の後期以降、院への荘園寄進が非常に集中するようになり、天皇家は莫大な経済基盤を得ることとなった。
• After the late era of Retired Emperor Shirakawa's government, there were many donations of private estates (owned by a noble, a temple or a shrine) to the retired Emperor's Palace, it caused the Imperial Palace to have an enormous financial base.

• 夫から受け継いだ莫大な遺産は、ヨーロッパ滞在時に恋人・タンザール男爵の研究に寄付され、ほとんど残っていなかった。
• The huge inheritance from her husband was donated to research conducted by her boyfriend during her stay in Europe, Baron Tanzar, leaving her with almost nothing.

• 毛越寺に関しては、基衡が本尊の薬師如来像の制作を莫大な功物をもって京在住の仏師運慶に依頼したことが知られている。
• Regarding Motsu-ji Temple, it is known that Motohira went to Unkei, a sculptor in Kyoto, with a lot of presents, requesting the creation of the statue of Yakushi Nyorai (the Healing Buddha) of honzon (principal image of Buddha).

• また鐵胤は篤胤の死後、放漫な家政を整理し莫大な借金の返済を成し遂げたのみならず、平田家の財を築き上げるに至った。
• What's more, following Atsutane's death, Kanetane had to manage the household that had been treated a little irresponsibly, cleared off the enormous debts, and surprisingly made a fortune for the Hirata family.

• 仏典漢籍の莫大な知識を補助に、著者の主観・思想を交えないという契沖の註釈と方法がもっともよく出ている代表作である。
• This book is representative of Keichu's commentary and approach supported by his extensive knowledge of Buddhist scriptures and Chinese classic books that was not biased by the author's opinion or ideology.

• 25歳で婿入りした鐵胤は、新婚当初から父の跡目を継ぐ重責と、また平田家の莫大な借財の重さをひしひしと体感していた。
• Since getting married at the age of 25, Kanetane had been feeling the heavy responsibility to inherit the study and enormous debts that his father-in-law had accumulated.

• 譲位の儀式及び退位後の上皇の御所造営には莫大な費用がかかり、朝廷がそれを負担出来なければ譲位は行えなかったのである。
• Since it required enormous expenses to carry out an abdication ceremony and build a court for the retired emperor, he could not abdicate the throne if the imperial court could not bear the cost.

• フォッグ氏は世界一周のために莫大な金を使っていたから、たとえ賭けに勝ったとしても、あまりもうけは出なかっただろうし、
• So great had been the expense of his tour that, even had he won, it would not have enriched him;

• 最勝光院には莫大な荘園が寄進されて威信が示される一方、諸国には造営のため重い賦課が課せられたという訴えが相次いだという。
• Saishokoin maintained its prestige after receiving a huge scale donation of a manor, on the other hand, there were many complaints continuously received in many Provinces that the imposition was too much of a burden for the people to bear for the construction of this temple.

• 新幹線の経営には莫大な費用がかかり、それを負担できる資本力があるのは日本国有鉄道の業務を継承したJR各社しか存在しない。
• A huge amount of money is needed for operating the Shinkansen, and the only companies with enough funds to shoulder such costs are the JR companies that have taken over operations of the Japanese National Railways.

• 内閣制度、市町村制、府県制、郡制の制定など、津々浦々に至る官僚制支配体系の整備と並行して、莫大な皇室財産の設定を行なった。
• The Emperor also set up the huge Imperial property along with all sorts of maintenance of bureaucratic control systems such as establishing the Cabinet system, municipality system, Prefectural system, and the district system.

• 核分裂（重要素（ウラニウム235またはプラトニウム239）の核を分裂させること）によって莫大なエネルギーが放出される核兵器
• a nuclear weapon in which enormous energy is released by nuclear fission (splitting the nuclei of a heavy element like uranium 235 or plutonium 239)

• これは皇族や大貴族に一国を指定して国司推薦権を与えるもので、大貴族は親族や家来を国司に任命させて当国から莫大な収益を得た。
• In this system, the right to recommend the kokushi of a province was given to a member of the imperial family or a dominant royal, and the dominant royal, who was given the right, appointed his family member or vassal to the kokushi, obtaining a vast amount of income from the province.

• それで死んだ時、莫大な財産を管財人に託して、利息は赤い髪をした男に楽な仕事を提供することに当てるよう、指示を残したんです。
• so when he died it was found that he had left his enormous fortune in the hands of trustees, with instructions to apply the interest to the providing of easy berths to men whose hair is of that colour.

• だが、宣戦布告後2ヶ月も経たないうちに欧米列強国軍は首都北京市及び紫禁城を制圧、清朝は莫大な賠償金の支払いを余儀なくされる。
• However, the forces of allied western powers took over the capital Beijing as well as the Forbidden City within two months of the proclamation of war, and the Qing dynasty was forced to pay an enormous amount of reparations.

• 舞鶴は山地が多いため、敷地開削工事には莫大な費用を要したが、1899年（明治32年）末には、土地造成工事がほぼ出来上がった。
• Although the road work for the building site incurred a huge cost due to the mountainous geography of Maizuru, the land reclamation work had been almost completed at the end of 1899.

• ただし、これには莫大な費用がかかるため、一般的に自治体が負担すべき駅名変更費用を近鉄の負担とするよう現在両者が協議中である。
• The cost of such a change would be considerable, so the parties concerned are discussing the possibility of having Kintetsu bear the cost, although the cost of changing the name must generally be covered by the public body.

• 唯一の例外であった平戸藩にある平戸の場合も同藩に莫大な収入を与え続けていたオランダとの貿易の権利を幕府が剥奪した代償であった。
• The only exception in this was Hirado of the Hirado Domain, but it was a trade off in compensation for the Edo Bakuf's seizing of their trading rights to the Netherlands, which provided enormous revenue to the Hirado Domain.

• この建議書の中で、李容九は会員100万人の声明と称して、「日本は日清戦争で莫大な費用と多数の人命を費やし韓国を独立させてくれた。
• In this proposal, 李容九 (이용구) claimed as the statement of one million members as follows : Japan has dedicated an enormous expense and people's lives in Sino-Japanese War in order to bring independence to Korea.

• それ以来全く行方不明で、莫大な賞金もかけられたことだし、ダートムアのジプシーどもがしきりに目を配ってもいるのだが、全然知れない、
• But from that morning he has disappeared, and although a large reward has been offered, and all the gypsies of Dartmoor are on the alert, no news has come of him.

• すでに有名無実となっていた室町幕府の権威を利用し、莫大な献上金を差し出して守護職・九州探題職を得、九州支配の正当化を確立している。
• Utilizing the authority of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) which had already been in name only, he was given the posts of Shugoshiki (military governor) and Kyushu Tandai (local commissioner) by providing an enormous amount of money for presentation and established justification for governing Kyushu region.

• それでも、莫大な荘園をもつ八条院暲子内親王（後白河法皇の異母妹）を後ろ盾に、彼女の猶子となって、出家せずに皇位へ望みをつないでいた。
• Nonetheless, he enjoyed the backing of the powerful imperial princess Hachijoin Akiko (cloistered emperor Goshirakawa's younger sister by a different mother), who owned enormous shoen (manor in medieval Japan); he was adopted by her, and electing not to take religious vows and become a priest (which would have disqualified him from the imperial succession), he kept his hopes fixed on being raised to the imperial throne.

• だが尊敬されていようがいまいが公爵は、家系が真実であることを満喫していたし、莫大で貴重な財産を所有しているという事実も満喫していた。
• But whether the duke owed the general respect he enjoyed to the genuineness of his pedigree or to the fact that he owned a vast amount of very valuable property was a point

• なお急速な西洋化の一端には、西洋列強国が当時盛んに植民地経営で、莫大な富をアジア諸国から吸い上げていたことに対する危機感も見出される。
• The rapid and drastic Westernization was promoted also because of the notion of impending crisis, by seeing the act of the Great Powers of the West exploiting Asian countries to acquire a vast wealth through the management of colonized countries.

• しかし、博士はその莫大な資産をもって周囲を豪華さで出しぬくこと、見事な壮麗さで輝かせることを許し、妻子の過酷な運命を和らげようとした。
• though, to soften the rigors of their lot, he had permitted them, out of his great wealth, to outdo the reptiles in the gorgeousness of their surroundings and to shine with a superior splendor.

• その後、当時4万円という莫大な身請け金によりモルガンに引き取られ、明治37年（1904年）に横浜市にて結婚、アメリカに渡り、後にパリに移る。
• Later, after Morgan paid a huge amount of money at the time, 40,000 yen, the couple married in Yokohama in 1904, and moved to America and then to Paris.

• ユートピアのビジョンや来るべき世界の描写は読んだことがありますが、そこには建物や社会的な仕組みなどについて、莫大な細部が書き込まれています。
• In some of these visions of Utopias and coming times which I have read, there is a vast amount of detail about building, and social arrangements, and so forth.

• 砂金の産出や中国との貿易等により莫大な経済力を蓄え、京都の宇治平等院を凌ぐ規模の無量光院跡を建立するなど、北方の地に王道楽土を現出させている。
• He gained enormous economic strength by the production of gold dust, trade with China and so on and established a realm of peace and prosperity in the northern land as in construction of Muryokoin Temple which exceeded Uji Byodoin Temple in Kyoto in scale.

• ですから蜜蝋に要する蜜は莫大なものにちがいありませんし、また、蜜蝋の節約になるような建設本能の改良はどれも昆虫の生活の直接的利益となるのです。
• The quantities of nectar necessary for the wax must therefore be vast, and every improvement of constructive instinct which results in the saving of wax is a direct profit to the insect's life.

• 7年に及ぶこの戦争は、朝鮮には国土の荒廃と軍民の大きな被害をもたらした災厄であり、明には莫大な戦費の負担と兵員を損耗によって滅亡の一因となった。
• This invasion for seven years was a disaster which damaged both land and people of Korea heavily and became one of the reasons for the subvert of Min Dynasty by a burden of enormous costs and waste of troops.

• そのため明治通宝札は日本国産のものに切り替えられ、折りしも1877年（明治10年）に勃発した西南戦争の際には莫大な軍事費支出に役立つこととなった。
• As a result, Meiji Tsuho bills were switched to domestic production, which happened to be useful to the immense expenditures during the Seinan War, which broke out in 1877.

• 法皇の死後、彼の娘である覲子内親王（宣陽門院）の後見に任じられてその莫大な財産の管理を命じられて、法皇死後もその政治的基盤の確保は怠る事はなかった。
• After the death of the Cloistered Emperor, he was appointed as guardian of Goshirakawa's daughter, Imperial Princess Kinshi (Giyomonin) and despite being ordered to manage her properties he did not neglect to maintain his political basis.

• この給与は莫大なもので、例えば藤原北家の当主は、職田・位田・職封・位封・資人・季禄など現在の貨幣価値に換算して約3-5億円の収入を国家から得ていた。
• This salary was huge, and for example, the head of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan earned about 300 to 500 million yen by the government when converted to modern currency, which included Shikiden (a rice field provided for Dainagon and the higher rank), Iden (a rice field provided for yuhon-no-shinno or the fifth and higher rank officials), Shikifu (a fief to the Imperial families, higher-rank officers, and shrines and temples), Ifu (a fief to the third rank and higher vassals and princes), Shijin (lower-rank officers provided to the Imperial or noble families and used as a guard or miscellaneous services), and Kiroku (salary paid to the officers under the ritsuryo system).

• 1918年（大正7年）、原内閣のもとで「高等諸学校創設及拡張計画」が4450万円 (通貨)の莫大な追加予算をともなって帝国議会に提出され可決された。
• In 1918, under the Hara cabinet, the 'foundation and expansion plan of higher schools in the miscellaneous category' with an enormous additional budget of 44.5 million yen (currency) was submitted to the Imperial Diet and it was approved.

• 悦んだ魏の皇帝（景初2年だとすると曹叡、景初3年だとすると曹芳）は女王を親魏倭王とし、金印紫綬を授けるとともに銅鏡100枚を含む莫大な下賜品を与えた。
• The Emperor of Wei (Cao Rui [Emperor Ming] if it was in 238 and Cao Fang in 239), who was pleased with this, conferred the title of the ruler of Wa (Japan) upon Queen Himiko and endowed her the Gold Seal with Purple Ribbon, as well as enormous gifts including 100 bronze mirrors.

• ちなみに1970年代のヤクザ映画全盛期には、莫大な興行収入を得ながらもスタッフやキャストへの金払いが悪かった事、強引なブッキングを強いた事などがあった。
• During the heyday of Toei's yakuza films in 1970s, despite the company making enormous box-office profits it was reluctant to pay its staff and performers well and forced them to accept difficult commissions.

• 父の死後には出家したものの、父母の莫大な遺産や荘園のほとんどを相続した上に皇太子二条天皇（後の二条天皇）の養育を任され、その異母弟の以仁王の養母となる。
• Although she entered the priesthood after her father died, not only did she succeed her parent's enormous legacy and most of their manor, but also she was asked to raise Crown Prince and Emperor Nijo, (later called Emperor Nijo), and became foster mother of Emperor Nijo's half younger brother, Prince Mochihito.

• 倒壊家屋が多かったため、地震後の復興景気により大工や木材商が莫大な利益を上げたことを風刺し、これらの職人や商人がナマズに感謝する姿を題材にしたものもある。
• Because a large number of houses were destroyed and carpenters and lumber dealers earned a tremendous amount of profits thanks to a booming restoration economy after the earthquake, there ware also prints that satirized this and show carpenters and lumber dealers thanking a catfish.

• この措置によって東南アジアで朱印船と競合することが多かったオランダ東インド会社が莫大な利益を得、結局は欧州諸国としては唯一、出島貿易を独占することになる。
• Due to this measurement, the Dutch East India Company that often competed with Shuinsen gained a huge profit, and it monopolized the Dejima trading post among European nations.

• 広大な領地と莫大な石高をもつ大名ならこれも何とかなるであろうが、一方の高家は家格は高いとはいえど所詮旗本に過ぎないので、わずかな領地と石高しかもっていない。
• If it was a feudal lord with large territories and a lot of koku, he would be able to manage; however, koke was only a hatamoto after all with limited territories and koku even though he had a high social status.

• 頼朝はかつて後白河天皇の死去の直前、院近臣の通親や丹後局が勝手に国衙領を院の荘園として分捕ろうとした莫大な荘園を、兼実とともに断固たる処置で国衙領に戻した。
• Michichika and Tango no tsubone, who were In no Kinshin (the retired Emperor's courtiers), tried to deprive kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) without permission to be used for the retired Emperor's shoen (manor in medieval Japan) just before the death of Emperor Goshirakawa; however, Yoritomo took back the vast shoen with stern measures together with Kanezane and returned it to kokugaryo.

• 末法愚人を導く法 (仏教)として上行菩薩等の地湧菩薩たちに対する末法弘教の付嘱、観世音菩薩等のはたらきによる法華経信仰者への守護と莫大な現世利益などを説く。
• As a dharma (Buddhism) to guide stupid people during the Age of the Final Dharma, it describes 末法弘教の付嘱 against Jiyu Bosatsus such as Jogyo Bosatsu and the protection of believers of the Hokke-kyo sutra and practical benefit in this world by the force of Kanzeon Bosatsu, etc.

• しかしながら、同年12月、前佐賀藩主鍋島斉直が江戸に上ることを希望したのに対し、莫大な経費を要する江戸への出府を藩財政逼迫の折に行うべきではないと諫言した。
• In January 1833, however, Shigeyoshi admonished Narinao NABESHIMA, the lord of the Saga Domain, not to go to Edo because it would need a large amount of expense unacceptable under the domain's financial crunch.

• 靴の機械ができてから一人の労働者あたりの莫大に増加した出力にもかかわらず、そのように増えた靴の需要のために、以前より相対的に多く人々が現在靴産業で働いている。
• In spite of the enormously increased output of shoes per workman, which has come with shoe machinery, the demand for shoes has so increased that there are relatively more men working in the shoe industry now than ever before.

• 田堵負名層とは決して零細な農民などではなく、隷属民を多数抱え、莫大な富を蓄積して農業など諸産業を大規模に経営し、多数の私兵すら擁していた富豪百姓だったのである。
• Far from being poor, the tato fumyo were indeed wealthy peasants who kept many servants, managed large scale businesses such as agriculture, and owned even many private warriors while accumulating immense wealth.

• 原価が安い生活必需品に高い専売価格を定めることによって莫大な財政収入を得ることが可能になる一方で、専売の過程において生じるリスクを抱え込む危険性も併せ持っていた。
• While it is possible to gain a huge income by setting monopoly prices higher for daily necessities of low cost, there can also be some risk in the process of monopoly.

• また宝永期の吹替えにより莫大な利益を上げていた銀座 (歴史)に対し正徳4年5月13日に手入れが決行され、深江庄左衛門ら銀座年寄りらが遠島流罪、闕所などに処された。
• Ginza (organization in charge of casting and appraising of silver during Edo period) which gained enomous amount of profit by reminting was inspected on June 24, 1714, and toshiyori (heads) of ginza including Shozaemon FUKAE were exiled to isolated island or punished with kessho (confiscation of one's estate for punishment): this incident was called Shotoku no chi (political reform of Shotoku).

• また、それら文化財自体の地震などへの耐震性についても、現在の基準で判断すると問題のある建物も相当数あるが、解体修理は世紀単位で一度しかできず、莫大な費用を要する。
• When judging the earthquake resistance of those cultural properties in accordance with current standards, there are many buildings that fail but dismantling and repair can only be conducted once every century and requires enormous amounts of money.

• 秀吉の遺した莫大な金銀を用いて浪人衆を全国から集めて召抱えたが、諸大名には大坂城に馳せ参じる者はなく、ただ福島正則が蔵屋敷の兵糧を接収するのを黙認するにとどまった。
• Using a great amount of gold and silver, they employed many ronin across Japan, however, no daimyo hastened to Osaka Castle to join them, and Masanori FUKUSHIMA alone connived at the requisition of army provisions from Kurayashiki-warehouses.

• しかしその生駒山を貫く生駒トンネルの莫大な開削費用負担や、沿線人口が少なく観光客頼みであった輸送が雨天期になって減少したことで、大軌は「大阪天気軌道」と揶揄された。
• However, in addition to the huge cost burden of boring the Ikoma Tunnel under Mt. Ikoma, when the rainy season began, the service was reduced due to insufficient operating revenue because of a decline of tourists as well as a small population along the line, and people made fun of the railway company, calling it 'Osaka Tenki Kido' (Osaka Weather Tramway) instead of 'Osaka Denki Kido' (Osaka Electric Tramway).

• これは日本のように、屋外にも莫大な数の自動販売機（清涼飲料用）が設置されている国が世界的に類がなく、また「アイスコーヒー」という文化があまり馴染みがないためでもある。
• That may have been caused by the fact that Japan is a globally unparalleled country where a huge number of vending machines (selling soft drinks) installed outdoors and the fact that in the Western countries the culture of 'Ice coffee' is not familiar.

• このため外国人大使は1ドル銀貨をまず一分銀3枚に交換し、両替商に持ち込んで4枚を小判に両替して、国外に持ち出し地金として売却すれば莫大な利益が得られるというものであった。
• As a result, foreign ambassadors could make a large profit by first exchanging a one-dollar silver coin into three ichibu-gin silver coins, further exchanging four ichibu-gin silver coins into koban at ryogaesho (money exchangers), taking koban out of Japan and selling them as bare metal.

• これは譲位に関する諸儀式や退位後の正親町上皇（天皇）の御所の造営などの莫大な経費を捻出できる唯一の権力者である信長が、譲位に同意しなかったからとするのが妥当とされている。
• It is considered reasonable that only the person in power, Nobunaga, did not agree to the Emperor's abdication, thus there was no financial backup to pay the enormous expense of organizing various related ceremonies or building a palace for the Retired Emperor Ogimachi (Emperor Ogimachi) after he retired.

• この莫大な費用からしてみてもだれでも旦那様になれるわけではなく必然的にその土地の財界人やトップクラスの企業の経営者などで多額の金銭をポケットマネーでまかなえる人物あった。
• Given these exorbitant costs, not everyone could become danna-sama and, as a necessity, a person who would become danna-sama has to be among the business leaders of the area or one of the top executives of major corporations who had a monetary means to be able to afford such large expenses.

• 有名なのは延暦寺であり、特に京都市中及びその周辺部にあった祇園社や青蓮院などを傘下に納めて莫大な上納収入を獲得し、その経済力に支えられた権力を背景に更なる基盤の強化を図った。
• The most famous one was Enryaku-ji Temple, which collected vast amounts of income from control over Gionsha, Shoren-in Temple in Kyoto City and surrounding areas and sought to further strengthen the base of its power, as derived from finance.

• ここで人類は、その操作力のおかげだけでなく、経験の範囲の莫大な拡大を通して、補足的感覚や補足的四肢として役立つ精密な用具を発明することによって、殿堂の頂点に立っているのです。
• Man crowns the edifice here, not only in virtue of his own manipulatory power, but through the enormous extension of his range of experience, by the invention of instruments of precision, which serve as supplemental senses and supplemental limbs.

• この間、平氏一門は隆盛を極め、一族で主要官位を独占し、全国に500余りの荘園を保有し、日宋貿易を推進して莫大な財貨を手にし、平時忠をして「平氏にあらざれば人にあらず」といわしめた。
• This was the most prosperous time for the Taira clan, as they dominated all important official posts, owned over 500 manors across the country, and gained huge profits from promoting Japan-Sung trade, and this led TAIRA no Tokitada to comment 'only members of the Taira clan should be considered legitimate human beings.'

• その頃、雁金屋の経営は破綻していたが、生来遊び人であった光琳は遊興三昧の日々を送って、相続した莫大な財産を湯水のように使い果たし、弟の尾形乾山からも借金するようなありさまであった。
• At about that time, management of the Kariganeya was on the verge of bankruptcy; yet, being a philanderer by nature, Korin spent days pursuing pleasure and squandering the huge sum he had inherited, and ended up borrowing money from his younger brother, Kenzan.

• 長きに渡る撮影期間と莫大な制作費をつぎ込み、34年から36年の3年間かけて公開された五味川純平原作の大長編反戦映画『人間の條件』を映画化し、6部作、9時間38分の超大作に仕上げた。
• With long-term shooting and huge production costs, he made a full-length antiwar film 'Ningen no joken' based on Junpei GOMIKAWA's novel, as a huge film in 6 parts with 9 hours 38 minutes, which was released over three years from 1959 to 1961.

• 応永5年（1398年）来日した朝鮮使節から義弘が莫大な進物を受け取っていたことを斯波義将らが「義弘は朝鮮から賄賂を受け取っている」と義満に讒言し、それが義弘に聞こえて激怒させている。
• When a Korean envoy arrived in Japan in 1398 and presented Yoshihiro with a vast number of gifts, Yoshimasa SHIBA slandered him to Yoshimitsu, saying 'Now Yoshihiro is accepting bribes from Korea,' and when Yoshihiro heard of this slander he was furious.

• こうした闘争をどう評価するにせよ、地域統治と収税の効率化のためにこうした富豪百姓層の成長を助け、彼らが莫大な利権を獲得する契機を与えたのはまぎれもなく受領を筆頭とする国衙機構であった。
• No matter what evaluations are given to these conflicts, it is clear that the mechanism of Kokuga (provincial government offices) headed by Zuryo helped such a wealthy farmer class grow to control the region and collect taxes more efficiently and gave them opportunities of acquiring huge vested interests.

• それほど競馬界切っての人気をつづけて来ながら、まだ一度もその贔負に失望を与えたことがないものだから、少々ぐらい賭金は高くても、依然として白銀号には莫大な金が賭けられるというわけなんだ。
• He has always, however, been a prime favourite with the racing public and has never yet disappointed them, so that even at those odds enormous sums of money have been laid upon him.

• 一般には「戦上手の内政下手」という印象があるが、実際には衣料の原料となる青苧を栽培し、日本海ルートで全国に広め、財源とするなど、領内の物産流通の精密な統制管理を行い莫大な利益を上げていた。
• A general impression of Kenshin was being 'good at military administration, but no good at domestic administration,' in actual fact Kenshin strictly regulated and managed the distribution of products within the territory such as Aoso, a fiber material for clothing, spreading it nationwide through the Japan Sea route and made enormous profits which was used as source of funds.

• 荘園の増大は摂関家などの有力貴族や彼らに保護された寺社などに莫大な収入をもたらす一方、国司等による税の徴収が不可能（すなわち公領の減少）となってしまうために国家財政に深刻な打撃を与えていた。
• An increase in the number of manors brought enormous income to powerful nobles such as sekkan-ke (regent family), as well as temples and shrines under their protection, but on the other hand, tax collection by kokushi (provincial governors) became impossible (in other words, imperial demesne decreased), causing serious harm to national finance.

• この結果、皇朝銭の現存枚数は記録と比較してもきわめて少ないものとなり、とくに後期のものは低品質の影響で錆び、刻字が読めるものはごく稀で現在の古銭市場ではかえって莫大な値打ちをまねいている程である。
• As a result, number of existing Kocho-sen coins has become far fewer than recorded, with specifically inferior quality casting particularly in the latter period making them now corroded and difficult to read their engraved letters, while quite a few coins with readable letters are now priced high.

• 律令期に皇朝十二銭が発行された目的としては、唐の開元通宝を手本とし、貨幣制度を整えるため、また、平城京遷都に必要となる莫大な経費を、銅地金本来の価値と貨幣価値との差額で賄うためということが挙げられる。
• Kocho-Junisen are considered to have been issued for the purpose of setting Japan's currency system in order by modeling the example of the Kaigen-tsuho of the Tang dynasty of China and also for the purpose of raising funds to cover huge costs required for transferring the national capital to Heijo with margins of profit from the value of currency and the original value of copper material.

• これに対して藩では藩札の発行や家臣の知行借り上げ、御用金の調達などによる藩政改革が試みられたが、あまり効果は無く、安政6年（1859年）には藩の借金は銀2693貫という莫大なものになったと言われている。
• In an effort to reform the financial difficulty, Shibamura Domain carried out some measures including issuing paper money to be used only within the domain, borrowing fief of vassals, raising money by collecting money from farmers and merchants; however no particular effect was gained, and it is said that in 1859 the debt of Shibamura Domain reached 2693 kan of silver.

• つまりその雇い主、作業員に対する姿勢ができる限り最小の賃金から彼等に莫大な仕事の量を得ようとするものだという雇い主が、作業員に対するより進歩的な手段が彼等により高い給料を払うことだとわからせられるかもしれない。
• that some employers, whose attitude toward their workmen has been that of trying to get the largest amount of work out of them for the smallest possible wages, may be led to see that a more liberal policy toward their men will pay them better;

• 上記の挽歌、高市皇子の長男・長屋王の邸宅跡から発見された「長屋親王宮鮑大贄十編」の木簡、政治情勢、壬申の乱における功績、母の実家の勢力、莫大な資産などから彼が天皇であったという説もあるが、はっきりとはしていない。
• Due to the factors including the existence of the above Banka, Mokukan (narrow, long, and thin pieces of wood strung together that were used to write on in ancient times) of 'Palace of Prince Nagaya, offering ten pieces of abalone' which was found at the ancient site of the residence of Prince Nagaya, political situations, great achievements in the Jinshin War, the power of his mother's family and huge assets, some say he was Emperor, but not certain.

• この旅行中に起こったことを思い返し、無駄にした費用や、自分を助けるために主人が費やしたお金の総額を数え、莫大な掛け金や巨額の旅行費用をおもい、それらすべての支出でフォッグ氏を完全に破産させてしまったことを考えた。
• And when he recalled all the incidents of the tour, when he counted up the sums expended in pure loss and on his own account, when he thought that the immense stake, added to the heavy charges of this useless journey, would completely ruin Mr. Fogg,

• ささいな違いはあるとしても、我らが地球の眼に触れる部分を構成する堆積した地層の膨大な厚みと、その地層が不完全だが唯一の手に入れうる証拠となっている想像を絶する莫大な時の経過については、地質学者と意見が一致しています。
• Whatever their minor differences, geologists are agreed as to the vast thickness of the accumulated strata which compose the visible part of our earth, and the inconceivable immensity of the time of whose lapse they are the imperfect, but the only accessible witnesses.

• 人間の本性のあらゆる裂け目を神として理解しているイエスキリストは、すべての人々が宗教的生活に召されるわけではないこと、はるかに莫大な大多数が俗世間で生き、そしてある程度は世間のために生きざるをえないことを理解している。
• Jesus Christ with His divine understanding of every cranny of our human nature, understood that all men were not called to the religious life, that by far the vast majority were forced to live in the world, and, to a certain extent, for the world:

• ただし、西日本の（急傾斜）棚田では、大規模化をしようとすると斜面を大きく削らなくてはならず、のり面の土砂崩れ対策など付帯工事の費用が莫大となるため、大規模化されなかったり、営農放棄されたりして荒廃していくところも多く見られた。
• However, in the case of Tanada (on a steep slope) in western Japan, the slope would have to be cut away on a large scale if agricultural fields were to be enlarged, and ancillary works including prevention of mudslides on the slope would involve enormous cost, so many of the rice terraces were not enlarged, or were abandoned and degraded.

• 彼の莫大な資料のおかげで、彼は自分自身や他人が始めた異論に対抗できるのですが、そのことで、たとえそれらの異論に完璧に答えられないとしても、それらが確かに致命的なものでないという最終的な印象を、読者の精神に残すことができるのです。
• His vast resources enable him to cope with objections started by himself and others, so as to leave the final impression upon the reader's mind that, if they be not completely answered, they certainly are not fatal.

• この抜本的治水策として、2つの川の分岐点より上流に当たり、且つ日本海に最も近い現在の燕市分水地区（旧分水町）付近から分水路を掘削する計画が享保年間より江戸幕府に嘆願されてきたが、莫大な工事費と、流域各藩の利害対立により実現しなかった。
• During Kyoho period and afterward, in order to take a drastic measure against floods, people had petitioned Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shoguns) for implementation of a plan of controlling floods by excavating diversion aqueducts from around present-day Bunsui District, Tsubame City (former Bunsui-machi), which is located at the upper stream of a fork of the two rivers and the closest to the Japan Sea, but the plan wasn't executed due to the enormous amount of the construction cost and conflicts of interests among the watershed domains.

• 具体的には「関税自主権を行使させない」ことや「治外法権などを認めさせる」ことで、ある国の企業や人が、憲法及び法典のない国に商品を輸入したりする際に莫大な税金を要求されたり、軽犯罪によって死刑を被ったりすることを避けることを目的としたものである。
• Specifically, its objective is to 'prevent the enforcement of tariff autonomy' or 'have extraterritoriality approved' and thereby avoid a situation where a corporation or person from one country is requested to pay an enormous amount of tax when importing commodities to a country which has no constitution or legal codes, or is sentenced to death for a petty crime.

• さて、この2月30日の新政府からの通告以後、一旦は相場が安定してきたために明治政府の方針を見守ることにしていたパークスは、大隈の予想以上の急激な方針とその後の独自調査で予想以上に莫大な量が流通していることが判明した諸藩による贋貨が版籍奉還後に「新政府とは無関係である」と切り捨てられる事を憂慮していた。
• Now, since after the notification by the new government on February 30, the market price was steady for a while, Parkes decided to watch over the Meiji Government's policies, but after seeing that OKUMA's policy was more sudden than expected and after finding out through independent investigations that the amount of counterfeit money circulated by various domains was bigger than expected, he became worried that those things would be discarded after the return of lands and people to the emperor saying that 'it is unrelated to the new government.'

• そもそも、これらの歴史的事件を評価するときに念頭に置いておかなければならないのは、受領層に対して闘争を行った百姓層とは決して受領の収奪にあえぐ零細な農民などではなく、隷属民や私兵を多数擁して地域支配や産業において莫大な利権を持ち、国衙と負名契約を結んでいた、農業など諸産業の大規模経営者であったということである。
• In evaluating these historical events, we should keep in mind that the farmer class refers not to poor farmers suffering from heavy taxes Zuryo collected but to large-scale managers of agriculture and other industries who had vested rights in the local community and industries with many subordinate people and private solders and had a contract with kokuga over fumyo.

• 鉄道ファンでもある作家の阿川弘之ですら、大和 (戦艦)（大和型戦艦）・万里の長城・ピラミッドが「世界三大一覧構造物・建設物」であり、この時期に莫大な投資をして新幹線を造れば「第2の戦艦大和」となって世界の物笑いの種になると批判した（後に阿川は新幹線が世界の鉄道斜陽論を覆すに至るまでの成功を収めたのを見て、十河の後を継いで国鉄総裁を務めた石田礼助との対談において、自らの不明を悔やむ発言をしている）。
• Even Hiroyuki AGAWA, a railway fan, criticized the plan saying that the battleship Yamato, the Great Wall of China and pyramids constituted 'the three big structures of the world,' and if Shinkansen were built investing a vast amount of money in this era, it would become the second battleship Yamato and would be laughed at by the world (later, seeing that Shinkansen became so successful as to overturn the railway-declining opinion of the world, AGAWA expressed his regret in a talk with Reisuke ISHIDA who succeeded the post of president of JNR from Sogo).

• だが私は、ごく古い家がらの彼の一家が、遠い昔から特別に鋭敏な感受性によって世に聞えていて、その感受性は長い時代を通じて多くの優秀な芸術にあらわれ、近年になっては、それが音楽理論の正統的なたやすく理解される美にたいするよりも、その錯綜（さくそう）した美にたいする熱情的な献身にあらわれているし、また一方では、幾度もくりかえされた莫大（ばくだい）な、しかし人目にたたぬ慈善行為にあらわれている、ということは知っていた。
• I was aware, however, that his very ancient family had been noted, time out of mind, for a peculiar sensibility of temperament, displaying itself, through long ages, in many works of exalted art, and manifested, of late, in repeated deeds of munificent yet unobtrusive charity, as well as in a passionate devotion to the intricacies, perhaps even more than to the orthodox and easily recognisable beauties, of musical science.

• 「寺社などの神託」とは具体的には寺社普請といい、現在でも残っているが、特に明治以前の人々の暮らしは政（まつりごとが自治権として地域で認められていた）の中心として寺や神社があり、定期的な修繕や社会基盤としての拡張や一新を図るに当たり莫大な費用が必要であり、その一環として寄付を直接募るよりは、祭りを開催し的屋を招き地域住民に参加してもらい、非日常（ハレ）を演出する事で的屋から場所代として売り上げの一部を普請の資金とした。
• The signs of temples or shrines' was basically jisha fushin and still exists today, but in pre-Meiji Period society (1868 - 1912) local government was fairly autonomous, revolving around temples and shrines and since regular repairs, improving infrastructure and planning renovations needed large amounts of money, the funds were raised not through donations, but by holding festivals, inviting tekiya and getting the locals to participate to create an atmosphere of extraordinary (hare) and making tekiya contribute part of their profit as rent.

• この追放令が出た背景には諸説あり、秀吉が有馬の女性を連れてくるように命令した際にキリシタンであることを理由に住民が拒否し秀吉が激怒したとも、九州征伐に向かった秀吉の目の前で、当時の日本イエズス会準管区長でもあったコエリョがスペイン艦隊が自分の指揮下にあるごとく誇示した事が原因とも、九州の有馬氏や大村氏などのキリシタン大名が寺社仏閣を破壊すると同時に、僧侶にも迫害を加えたり教会へ莫大な寄進を行っていた事が理由とも、また織田信長から継承した旧来の寺社領を解体して統一政権の支配下におく政策をイエズス会領である長崎にも適用しようとしてイエズス会側が従わなかったとも、宣教師の一部が人身売買（日本人を奴隷商品として国外へ売り払う）を行っていた事が原因とも言われている。
• There are various theories about the issuing of this Expelling edict and the cause could be that Hideyoshi was furious at the residents rejecting his order to bring a woman of Arima because she was Christian, that Coelho, Vice-Provincial of the Society of Jesus in Japan at that time boasted as if the Spanish Armada was under his command in front of Hideyoshi during the expedition to Kyusyu, that the Christian feudal lords such as ARIMA and OMURA in Kyushu destroyed shrines and temples as well as persecuted monks and made huge donations to the churches, and that the Society of Jesus did not obey when he tried to apply the policy to Nagasaki, the domain of the Society, they dissolved the old domains of temples and shrines inherited from Nobunaga ODA and place them under a unified regime, and that some of the missionaries conducted human trafficking (selling the Japanese to outside Japan as slaves).