茶碗: 280 Terms and Phrases

• 茶碗
• rice bowl
• tea cup
• teacup
• Tea bowl
• Chawan

• 楽茶碗
• hand-moulded earthenware teacup
• Raku-jawan (Raku tea bowl)

• 重茶碗
• Kasane chawan

• 茶碗蒸
• savoury egg custard
• savory egg custard

• 飯茶碗
• rice bowl

• 茶碗屋
• Chawanya

• 茶碗根
• Chawanne

• 茶碗谷
• Chawan'ya

• 茶碗師
• Chawanshi (teacup maker)

• 天目茶碗
• Tenmoku jawan
• Tenmokujawan (Tenmoku tea bowl)

• 白磁茶碗
• Hakuji chawan (white porcelain)

• 茶碗蒸し
• savoury egg custard
• savory egg custard
• Chawan-mushi (steamed egg hotchpotch)
• Chawanmushi

• 夫婦茶碗
• his and her teacups

• 志野茶碗
• Shino-jawan (Shino tea bowl)

• 高麗茶碗
• Koryo-dynasty tea bowl
• Korai chawan (originated in Korea)
• Korai Chawan (Tea Bowl coming from Korea)

• 茶飲み茶碗
• teacup

• 『五階茶碗』
• 'Gokai-jawan' (an acrobatic performance using a long rod to support numbers of rolling rice bowls and other items well balanced on top of the rod)

• 《珠光茶碗》
• Juko tea bowl

• 茶碗の受け皿
• saucer

• 油滴天目茶碗
• Yuteki Tenmoku tea bowl

• 曜変天目茶碗
• Yohen Tenmoku Tea Bowl (spotted Tenmoku tea bowl)

• 高麗茶碗の分類
• Classification of korai chawan

• 『相生茶碗の曲』
• 'Aioi-jawan no kyoku' (an acrobatic performance using two rice bowls and numbers of temari balls)

• 茶碗もしくは茗碗
• Chawan (tea bowl), or Myowan

• 高麗高木井戸茶碗
• Goryeo Ido tea bowl

• 茶道具としての茶碗
• Chawan as a utensil for used for tea ceremonies

• 茶碗、湯呑み、急須
• Tea bowl, teacup, and Kyusu (small teapot)

• 黒楽茶碗「三国一」
• Black Raku tea bowl, 'Sangokuichi' (unparalleled in Japan and China and India)

• 黒楽茶碗　銘「勾当」
• Black Raku tea bowl, 'Koto'

• 現存する曜変天目茶碗
• Existing Yohen Tenmoku tea bowls

• 茶入飾・茶碗飾・茶杓飾
• Chaire kazari, chawan kazari, and chashaku kazari

• - 適量(約茶碗1杯)
• - Moderate amount (about one bowlful)

• 井戸茶碗　銘・喜左衛門
• Ido Tea Bowl Inscribed Kizaemon

• 井戸形茶碗（重要文化財）
• Ido Chawan (tea bowl) (Important Cultural Property)

• その茶碗にはひびがある。
• The cup has a crack.

• 楽焼（楽茶碗）黒、赤、白色
• Raku yaki (raku chawan) black, red, and white

• 練上手志野橋絵茶碗 銘猛虎
• Neriagede-Shino-hashie-chawan (Shino china-cup with a bridge drawn on it, made using a neriagede technique) with an inscription of 猛虎 (moko: a fierce tiger)

• 色絵鱗波文茶碗 野々村仁清
• Ceramic Tea Bowl with scale sattern in overglaze enamels by Ninsei NONOMURA

• 誰がその茶碗をわったのか。
• Who broke the cup?

• 詩文煎茶碗（東京国立博物館）
• Shibun Sencha-wan (tea bowl inscribed with poems) (Tokyo National Museum)

• 茶碗を投げれば綿にて受けよ。
• A soft answer is a specific cure of anger.

• 彼は茶碗を床にたたきつけた。
• He dashed the cup on the floor.

• テーブルの上に茶碗があります。
• There is a cup on the table.

• 香炉釉井戸形楽茶碗：楽美術館蔵
• Koroyu Ido-gata Rakujawan (a tea bowl with a glaze which Jokei RAKU first used for koro, incense burner): A property of Raku Museum

• 黒楽茶碗「黒木」：楽美術館所蔵
• Black Raku tea bowl, 'Kuroki' (black tree): A property of Raku Museum

• 黒楽茶碗「鉄拐」：適翠美術館蔵
• Black Raku tea bowl, 'Tekkai' (name of immortal mountain wizard): A property of Tekisui Art Museum

• 大井戸 - 典型的な井戸茶碗。
• Oido (literally, 'big well'): typical ido chawan.

• 「光悦写し」の茶碗に定評がある。
• He has an established reputation about tea bowls of 'Koetsu-utsushi' (replica of Koetsu's work).

• これらの茶碗はみんな壊れている。
• These cups are all broken.

• 落語「井戸の茶碗」にあらわれる。
• It appears in the rakugo (traditional comic storytelling) story 'Ido no Chawan'.

• また、抹茶を飲む茶碗にも使わない。
• It is not used for tea bowl for drinking Matcha (powdered green tea).

• 茶碗蒸しの材料にうどんを入れたもの。
• Odamaki Udon is a savory custard cup with Udon noodles.

• 天目茶碗を使う場合には台天目となる。
• When tenmoku chawan is used, daitenmoku is used as the stand.

• お茶碗一杯のご飯は約、１８０ｇです。
• A bowl of rice is about 180 grams.

• テーブルの上に小さな茶碗と卵がある。
• There is a small teacup and an egg on the table.

• 黒楽茶碗「天狗」：不審菴（表千家）蔵
• Black Raku tea bowl, 'Tengu' (long-nosed goblin): A property of Fushin-an (Omotesenke)

• 黒楽茶碗「ホトトギス」：藤田美術館蔵
• Black Raku tea bowl, 'Hototogisu' (lesser cuckoo): A property of Fujita Museum

• 雲鶴 - 高麗青磁による筒型の茶碗。
• Unkaku: cylindrical-shaped bowls made from Korean celadon.

• 鹿児島弁で「茶碗蒸しの唄」が存在する。
• There is a 'Song of Chawan-mushi' in Kagoshima dialect.

• 茶托（ちゃたく）は茶碗をのせる受け皿。
• Chataku is a tea bowl saucer.

• のち注文によって茶碗を納めるようになる。
• He later started supplying Rikyu tea bowls to order.

• テーブルの上にこわれた茶碗がありました。
• There was a broken cup on the table.

• 茶筒・急須・湯呑茶碗は櫃に収納されている。
• The can of tea leaves, the teapot, and the tea cups are in a wooden container.

• これらの茶碗からカーナン氏は茶を試飲した。
• From these bowls Mr. Kernan tasted tea.

• うどん入り茶碗蒸しを「おだまき蒸し」と言う。
• A savory custard cup with Udon noodles is called 'Odamaki Mushi.'

• 逆に広く冷めやすい平茶碗は夏向きと使われる。
• On the other hand, hira chawan is used in summer because it is shallow and allows the tea to cool rapidly.

• 茶碗蒸し（ちゃわんむし）は、日本料理の一種。
• Chawan-mushi is one of the Japanese cuisines.

• 《色絵鱗波文茶碗》、北村美術館（重要文化財）
• 《Iroe Uroko Namimon Chawan》 (Tea bowl with a design of Imbrications), Kitamura Museum (important cultural property).

• 黒楽茶碗　銘「俊寛」：三井文庫蔵、重要文化財
• Black Raku tea bowl, 'Shunkan': Owned by Mitsui Bunko, an important cultural property.

• 飲み口が狭く茶が冷めにくい筒茶碗は主に冬向き。
• Tsutsu chawan is used in winter because it is deep and keeps the tea hot longer.

• 茶碗・茶杓は本来床に飾るべきものではなかった。
• Chawan and chashaku were not supposed to be displayed in tokonoma originally.

• 飯を茶碗に盛り、箸で飯の上に適当な窪みを作る。
• Serve rice in a rice bowl and make an adequate pit in the rice using chopsticks.

• ここでは中国の茶器の写しや天目茶碗が作られた。
• In this area, they manufactured copies of Chinese tea bowls and Tenmoku tea bowls (bowls with a wide brim and a narrow base used during tea ceremonies).

• 茶碗のお湯を捨て、内側を茶巾（ちゃきん）で拭く。
• Chuck off the hot water, and wipe the inside of bowl with chakin (a cloth used in the tea ceremony.)

• 飾物は軸飾・壺飾・茶入飾・茶碗飾・茶杓飾である。
• The Five Kazarimono are: jikukazari, tsubo kazari, chaire kazari, chawan kazari, and chashaku kazari.

• 茶碗や花入、水指、香炉など茶道として使用される。
• It is used as a teacup, hanaire (a vase), mizusashi (a water jug) and koro (an incense burner) in the Sado tea ceremony.

• 赤楽茶碗　銘「無一物」：頴川美術館蔵、重要文化財
• Red Raku tea bowl, 'Muichibutsu': Owned by Egawa Museum of Art, an important cultural property.

• 赤楽茶碗　銘「一文字」：旧益田鈍翁蔵、現在個人蔵
• Red Raku tea bowl, 'Ichimonji': Owned by former Donno MASUDA, currently in a private collection.

• 茶筅通しで茶碗を清めるときに使用したお湯を捨てる
• Pour away the hot water which was used for rinsing chawan on chasentoshi (stirring powdered green tea and hot water with tea whisk) into the kensui.

• 水指の手前には仕覆を着せた茶入を入れた茶碗を置く。
• Chawan which contains chaire wrapped in shifuku (drawstring bag) is placed at the front of mizusashi.

• 抹茶を容器（棗）からすくって茶碗に入れるための匙。
• It is a utensil for spooning green powdered tea from the container (natsume) and transferring it to the tea bowl.

• 高麗茶碗を日本の茶道では以下のように分類している。
• Japanese Sado classifies korai chawan as follows.

• 黒楽茶碗　銘「雨雲」（三井記念美術館、重要文化財）
• Black Raku tea bowl, Ama-gumo (Mitsui Memorial Museum, Important Cultural Property)

• 粗製の白磁が朝鮮の白掛け茶碗と混同されたのだろう。
• It seems that low-quality white porcelain was confused with Korean white tea bowls.

• ほぼ全てが井戸茶碗に代表される茶碗類となっている。
• Almost all are bowls typified by Ido tea bowl.

• 最初はこれをそのまま茶碗に一杯取り、そのまま食べる。
• First, the rice is portioned out into the bowl, and it is eaten as it is.

• 枕飯はご飯を御茶碗に山盛りにして、御箸をさして飾る。
• Makurameshi is a bowl of cooked rice decorated with chopsticks thrust vertically in it.

• 豊臣秀吉に辰市城の井戸氏から贈られた李氏朝鮮の茶碗。
• This is a tea bowl from Yi Dynasty of Korea, which was given to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI as a gift from the Ido clan of Tatsuichi Castle.

• 志野茶碗、織部茶碗、瀬戸黒茶碗、黄瀬戸茶碗、伯庵茶碗
• Shino chawan, oribe chawan, setoguro chawan, kiseto chawan, and hakuan chawan

• 日本の茶道では、季節や趣向に応じて様々な茶碗を用いる。
• In a tea ceremony in Japan, various chawans are used depending on the season or the theme.

• 楽焼片身替茶碗　銘「不二山」（サンリツ服部美術館、国宝）
• Raku tea bowl, Fuji-san (Sunritz Hattori Museum of Arts, National Treasure)

• 表千家では、懐紙で茶碗を清めるため小茶巾は用いられない。
• Kojakin are not used at the Omotesenke (the House of Omotesen) school because they use kaishi to wipe tea bowls.

• 黒楽茶碗　銘「大黒」：旧鴻池家蔵、現在個人蔵、重要文化財
• Black Raku tea bowl, 'Oguro': Owned by the former Konoike family, currently in a private collection, an important cultural property.

• なお、この天目茶碗を「曜変」と呼ぶかどうかは議論がある。
• There is controversy as to whether this tea bowl should be referred to as 'Yohen' or not.

• 現代日本では通常、「お茶碗」と言った場合、飯茶碗を指す。
• Now in Japan, normally 'ochawan' means meshijawan.

• 客に出すとき以外は通常の扱いとなるので天目茶碗は使えない。
• Tenmoku chawan cannot be used in times other than serving to a guest because it should be treated in an ordinary way.

• 茶碗を運んだ後は二つに折りたたみ、懐中（懐にしまう）する。
• After carrying a tea bowl, the host folds his or her kobukusa double and puts it into the inside of the front flap of kimono.

• 茶席において茶碗などの茶道具を清めたりする場合に用いる布。
• This is a cloth which is used to clean off tea bowls and other tea equipment at tea ceremony.

• 錫製の茶托は煎茶、玉露などの高級茶を入れる小さめの茶碗に。
• Tin chataku is used for smaller tea bowl, which is used for high-class tea such as Sencha (green tea of middle grade) and Gyokuro (refined green tea).

• 茶に合わせて作られた、煎茶碗、抹茶碗と呼ばれる茶碗もある。
• Also there are chawans for each kind of tea such as senchawan and macchawan.

• 茶碗（ちゃわん）とは、元々は磁器で作られた喫茶のための食器。
• Chawan originally referred to a porcelain bowl made for drinking tea.

• 家庭では、ご飯茶碗・箸は、各人専用のものを用いる習慣がある。
• It is customary for each household member to use his or her own rice bowl and chopsticks.

• 紹鴎は備前焼や信楽焼きを好んだし、利休は楽茶碗を創出させた。
• Shoo liked Bizen ware and Shigaraki ware, and Rikyu created Rakujawan (Raku teacup).

• 国宝とされる三椀の曜変天目茶碗のうち、最も地味なものである。
• It is the simplest of the three Yohen Tenmoku tea bowls designated as national treasures.

• 茶道具においては、茶入や天目茶碗、青磁の花生などに代表される。
• The works of tea utensils representatively include chaire (tea container), tenmoku tea bowls, celadon flower vase and so on.

• 陶芸では楽焼の茶碗、漆芸では装飾的な図柄の硯箱などが知られる。
• His Raku tea bowl is one of his most well-known works of pottery, and his decorative designed case for ink brush and stone is his most famous pieces of lacquer ware.

• また、李氏朝鮮ではこれを茶碗の模様にして日本に輸出したという。
• And it is said that the people of Yi Dynasty Korea drew the crest on china and that they exported it to Japan.

• 11月には白天目の茶碗を贈られたことに対しての謝礼をしている。
• In December, he paid a gratuity to Rennyo for the Shiro Temmoku tea bowl.

• 稲葉天目の通称で知られ、曜変天目茶碗の中でも最高の物とされる。
• The tea bowl is commonly known as Inaba Tenmoku, which is considered to be the best of the Yohen Tenmoku tea bowls.

• 高麗茶碗、井戸茶碗、三島茶碗（文様を押し当ててガラにしたもの）
• Korai chawan, ido chawan, and mishima chawan (patterned by pressing tools)

• ヨーロッパでは、茶碗に相当するものはカップと呼ばれるものである。
• Chawan is equivalent to a cup in Europe.

• 食事時に日本に特有なのは、人々が茶碗からご飯を食べることである。
• What is peculiar to Japan at mealtimes is that people eat rice out of little bowls.

• 茶碗を清めたり温めたりしたときに使った湯や水を捨てるために使う。
• It is used as a waste-water container into which to empty the water which has been used for cleansing or warming chawan (tea bowls).

• (1)一杯めは、おひつのご飯とうなぎを混ぜ、茶碗によそって食べる。
• (1) For the first bowl, the rice in the bowl and the eel are mixed, and dished out into a smaller rice bowl and then eaten.

• 蒸し物 -茶碗蒸し、玉子豆腐、ちり蒸し、淡雪蒸し、酒蒸し、銀あん、
• Mushi-mono (steamed foods): chawan-mushi (savory steamed egg custards with assorted ingredients), tamago-dofu (tofu mixed with egg), chiri-mushi (steamed white fish fillet and vegetables served with ponzu sauce for dipping them), awayuki-mushi (dishes with awa-yuki mousse (literally, light snow) on cold green tea soba noodles), saka-mushi (sake-steamed dishes), gin-an (dishes using a specially prepared sauce called gin-an)

• ゆするつきは、蓋付きの茶碗を茶托のうえに置いたようなかたちである。
• The shape of yusurutsuki looks like a teacup with a lid placed on a teacup saucer.

• 大降りでゆがみのある茶碗、「香炉釉」と呼ばれる白釉の使用を始める。
• He began to make tea bowls of large and distorted shape, and to use white glaze called koro-yu (glaze of incense burner).

• 茶碗に湯を注いで温め、その中で茶筅（ちゃせん）を回して、湿らせる。
• Pour hot water into a bowl to warm it up, and move the chasen (a bamboo tea whisk) around in the water to dampen it.

• 柳宗悦や久松真一などが高麗茶碗などの美を誉める際に盛んに用いている。
• It was frequently used when Muneyoshi YANAGI, Shinichi HISAMATSU and so on, praised the beauty of Korean Tea Bowls.

• 白磁風の茶碗で、陶質の胎土に白土を掛けた上に透明釉などを施したもの。
• These are white porcelain style bowls made of paste covered with white clay and clear glaze.

• なお、美濃焼には白い釉薬をかけた茶碗で「白天目」と称するものがある。
• Among the products of Mino-yaki (Mino ware), there are tea bowls produced by using white glaze called 'Shiro Tenmoku.'

• 古来から多くの家庭で、各人専用の湯呑茶碗とご飯茶碗が定められている。
• Since old times, in many homes each person has yunomijawan and gohanjawan for private use.

• 青磁茶碗（酸化還元によって発色を決め、辰砂の銅で赤くしたものもある。)
• Seiji chawan (celadon-ware) (colors are generated by oxidation-reduction and some of them are colored in red by copper of cinnabar.)

• また、天目形、井戸形のように茶碗の特徴が形状名になっているものもある。
• Also there are forms of chawan, that were named after the features of the origin of chawan such as tenmoku gata, and ido gata.

• 湯を加えた抹茶を茶碗の中でかき回して均一に分散させるための道具である。
• It is used to stir the powdered green tea evenly into hot water in a tea bowl.

• 茶人のコレクションという性格から、茶碗をはじめとする茶器の名品が多い。
• Their collection includes many fine tea utensils, such as tea bowls, because they loved the tools of the tea ceremony.

• 茶碗を左手に乗せて右手を添え、茶碗を軽くまわして正面を避けて茶を飲む。
• Put the bowl in the palm of your left hand, and hold it with your right hand, turn it slightly to avoid the front face of the bowl to drink, and then drink the tea.

• 日本の家庭での茶碗は湯呑茶碗でもご飯茶碗でも、箸と同様に属人器である。
• In Japanese homes, whether it is yunomijawan or gohanjawan, each person has his or her own set of chawans as well as chop sticks.

• その結果、勝手から運び出すべき茶碗や茶杓も点前座に飾りつけることになる。
• As a result, chawan and chashaku that are supposed to be taken out from katte (a place used to cook and prepare food in upper class residences) came to be displayed at the corner of the hearth.

• 最初に茶碗が建水に載っていて、柄杓・蓋置が棚物に飾られている点が異なる。
• The difference with chasen kazari is that in kumiawasedate, chawan is placed on kensui, and ladle and a rest for the lid of a teakettle are displayed on a shelf at the beginning.

• 茶碗形の胞子を生じる機能を有する体を持つノボリリュウタケで、内部は茶色い
• a helvella with a cup-shaped fertile body having a brown interior

• 3代久田宗全は手工に秀で、宗全籠に名を残す他、茶碗茶杓などに優品が多い。
• The third generation head of the family, Sozen HISADA, who excelled at handicrafts, was not only famous for his Sozen wicker baskets, but also left many fine works such as tea bowls, spoons and the like.

• 青華、色絵、青磁を得意とし、煎茶器（特に急須、湯沸、茶碗）に名品が多い。
• Seika (ceramics with blue patterns on white backgrounds), iroe (painting or colored artwork) and celadons were his specialties, and he left many masterpieces of those in tea sets for green tea (especially kyusu - small teapots, teakettles and tea bowls).

• 裏千家の濃茶席において、飲んだ後の茶碗の飲み口を清めるために用いる小布。
• This is a small cloth used to clean off the lip of a tea bowl after drinking tea at a koichaseki (ceremony of thick tea, which is made with three tea scoops of powdered tea per person) of the Urasenke school.

• 特に激しい者は手拍子を打ち、茶碗の底を擦り合わせて騒ぐほど熱狂したという。
• Some spectators are said to have been so enthusiastic that they would clap their hands and make noise by rubbing the backs of bowls against each other.

• 一方、茶を点てた後は水または湯を用い、茶碗と茶筅を同時にすすぐことになる。
• Chasentoshi after making the tea, on the other hand, is intended to rise a tea bowl and chasen at the same time in either hot or cold water.

• 茶碗に卵を割り入れて溶きほぐし、醤油などで調味しておいてから、飯をよそう。
• Crack and lightly beat an egg in a rice bowl, season it with soy sauce and the like, and then serve rice in the bowl.

• 狭義には樂吉左衛門の歴代当主が作製した作品を示し、楽茶碗などとも呼ばれる。
• In sensu strico, it indicates products made by the hand of the successive family heads of Kichizaemon RAKU, and are also called Rakujawan (Raku teacup.) etc.

• 現在でも箸や茶碗が属人器であるように、かつては食卓も属人器だったのである。
• Each dining table once belonged to an individual person, just as tableware including chopsticks and bowls do nowadays.

• もちろん御本茶碗などははっきりと日本の好みにしたがって作られたものである。
• Gohon style tea bowls were produced in accordance with Japanese taste.

• 樂家の代名詞ともなる黒釉をかけた茶碗の作製において非常に優れた技量を見せた。
• He brought out the expertise to create tea bowls covered with kuroyu (black glaze), which became a synonym for the RAKU family.

• 茶碗に盛った飯を醤油で調味し、飯の上に作った窪みに直接卵を割り入れてほぐす。
• Season rice in a rice bowl with soy sauce, and directly crack an egg into a pit formed on the rice.

• 茶道人口が町人にまで増大する中、茶碗以外に香合や花入れなど多数の作品を制作。
• Under the circumstance that the Sado population was increasing while extending even to townspeople, he created many works other than tea bowls including kogo (incense container) and hanaire (vase).

• 古来高麗茶碗の最高峰とされるもので、「竹の節高台」と称される高い高台をもつ。
• This style has long been regarded as the best example of korai chawan and has a high kodai (base or foot) called a 'Takenofushi Kodai' (bamboo-node foot).

• この役において家臣井戸覚弘が現地より井戸茶碗の原型となる器を持ち帰っている。
• His vassal, Satohiro IDO, who participated in the battle, brought a bowl from Korea and it became the original model of the Ido tea bowl.

• 日本の煎茶法でこの杯を茶碗に転用する際に、杯台が茶托に転じた物と考えられる。
• It is believed that a sakazuki-dai stand was transferred to chataku in Japanese Senchaho, together with sakazuki to tea bowl.

• 17世紀に入ると、茶道の興隆に伴って茶碗、茶入など茶陶の製造が盛んになった。
• At the beginning of the 17th century, the production of tea pottery, such as tea bowls and tea leaf containers, increased as the art of the tea ceremony became more popular.

• お茶を入れた茶碗をお盆に載せると客までお茶を運び、客が茶碗を取ると停止する。
• When you place a cup of tea on the tray, the doll carries it to a guest, and when the guest picks it up, the doll stops.

• 不完全真空を作り出す茶碗型の装置（ゴム、ガラスまたはプラスチックでできている）
• a cup-shaped device (made of rubber, glass, or plastic) that produces a partial vacuum

• 以前は点前座では茶碗を台から下ろして扱っていたが、今は常に台に載せたまま扱う。
• Before, chawan was taken out from the stand and used at the corner of the hearth, but in these days, chawan is used while remaining on the stand.

• 井戸脇 - 井戸茶碗に類するものの意で、見込みがひろく浅めな形（なり）をいう。
• Idowaki (literally, 'well side'): refers to bowls similar to ido chawan but are large and shallow.

• 薄茶では、飲み終わった後に茶碗の飲み口を指でぬぐい、その指を懐の懐紙で清める。
• At a usucha (thin tea) party, people clean off the lip of a tea bowl with their fingers after finishing the tea, and then they take kaishi from the inside of the front flap of the kimono in order to wipe their fingers with it.

• 木製の茶碗は番茶など普段用の茶を入れる大きめの茶碗に合わせるのが正当とされる。
• Proper use of wooden chataku is for larger tea bowls, which is used for casual tea such as Bancha (coarse tea).

• 形状から筒茶碗（つつちゃわん）、平茶碗（ひらちゃわん）等と呼ばれる茶碗もある。
• Some chawans such as tsutsu chawan and hira chawan are so called because of their shape.

• 茶碗を軽く押さえ、茶筅で手早くかき回す（これを「茶を点てる（たてる）」という）。
• Hold the bowl lightly with your hand, and stir the powdered green tea inside the bowl swiftly with chasen (bamboo tea whisk), and this process is called 'to making up tea, ' 'to whipping up tea' or 'to waking up tea.'

• 来るは来るは何が来る、高野山の御柿小僧、狸百匹、箸百膳、天目茶碗百杯、棒八百本。
• Kuru wa kuru wa nani ga kuru (it's coming, it's coming, what's coming), Koya no yama no (of Mt. Koya) okokera (shavings) kozo (a trainee priest), tanuki hyappiki, hashi hyaku zen, tenmoku hyappai, bo happyappon (100 raccoon dogs, 100 pair of chopsticks, 100 teabowls and 100 sticks).

• 曜変天目茶碗は、現在の中華人民共和国福建省建甌市にあった建窯で作られたとされる。
• Yohen Tenmoku tea bowls are said to have been made in Kenyo (a kiln that had existed in present-day Jianou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China).

• 曜変天目茶碗（ようへんてんもくちゃわん）は、天目茶碗のうち、最上級とされるもの。
• The term 'Yohen Tenmoku tea bowl' refers to a tea bowl considered to be the best of Tenmoku (a stoneware glaze which is deeply stained by iron oxide) tea bowls.

• 客が急ぐ時や、茶筅飾にするほどでもない茶碗を少しだけ重く扱う場合にも行われていた。
• Also, these procedures have been done when the guest was in a hurry, or when using chawan which should be treated nicely but does not require chasen kazari.

• 茶碗・茶筅・茶巾は、貴人に対して用いるものと随伴に対して用いるものとを使い分ける。
• Different chawan, chashaku, chakin are used for nobles and their accompanying servants.

• 茶杓（ちゃしゃく）で抹茶を2g（茶杓に大盛り1杯+半分）ほどすくい、茶碗に入れる。
• Scoop up with chashaku (a small spoon used for powdered green tea) about 2 grams of powdered green tea (about one and half of the chashaku) and put it into the bowl.

• 朝鮮には日本のような茶道の風習はなく、茶碗と言ってもそれは日本での呼称に過ぎない。
• Korea has no custom equivalent to Japan's Sado and the word 'chawan' (tea bowl) is a term only used in Japan.

• 茶道で、点茶の際、茶釜に水を足したり、水で茶碗や茶筅をすすぐため、蓄えておく水器。
• It is a container for storing water, which is used for adding more water to chagama (iron pot used in the tea ceremony) and rinsing tea bowls and chasen (tea whisk) with water, when making tea in the tea ceremony.

• 青井戸茶碗 - 「緑毛」の銘がある井戸茶碗の名品で、利休が愛用したものと言われる。
• Blue Ido tea bowl: This Ido tea bowl with the inscription 'Ryokumo' is a fine example of an Ido tea bowl and SEN no Rikyu is said to have been highly fond of using it.

• ここで言う「瀬戸茶碗」は今日の美濃焼、今焼茶碗は楽茶碗に相当すると考えられている。
• It is thought that this 'Seto chawan' corresponds to today's Mino-yaki (Mino ceramic ware) and 'Imayaki chawan' to Rakujawan (Raku ware tea bowl).

• 赤楽茶碗「菊之絵赤楽茶碗」：楽美術館所蔵　※茶碗の胴に菊の絵が白釉薬で書かれている
• Red Raku tea bowl, 'Kikunoe Aka-rakujawan' (chrysanthemum's picture, Red Raku tea bowl): A property of Raku Museum; Chrysanthemum's picture are drawn on the surface of a red Raku tea bowl using hakuyu.

• 花の塩漬けは、お茶または湯に入れて茶碗の中で花びらが開くことから、祝い事に使われる。
• Salt-pickled blossoms are open in a cup of tea or hot water and drunk at festive events.

• 土風炉師・善五郎として代々制作した土風炉の他、茶碗、向付や蓋物など様々な作品がある。
• Other than doburo which he created as Zengoro the doburo master, there are various works of tea bowls, mukozuke (a dish placed on the far side of the rice and soup), and futamono (a lidded dish).

• 少ない指定物件の中では曜変天目茶碗（静嘉堂文庫ほか）など、中国製品の多いのが目立つ。
• And among this small pool of designated items, the fact that most, including for example the Yohen Tenmoku tea bowls (held by the Seikado Bunko Art Museum among others), are of Chinese manufacture is noteworthy.

• 濃茶の場合は、茶碗の飲み口を直接懐紙で、または小茶巾と呼ばれる専用の布や紙でぬぐう。
• At a koicha (thick tea) party, people directly use kaishi or a special cloth (or a piece of paper) called kojakin to clean off the lip of a tea bowl.

• 前八ヶ条は貴人点・貴人清次・茶入荘・茶碗荘・茶杓荘・茶筅荘・長緒茶入・重茶碗である。
• The Mae Hachikajo are: kinin date, kinin kiyotsugu, chaire kazari, chawan kazari, chashaku kazari, chasen kazari, nagao chaire, and kasane chawan.

• 茶筅飾の時に曲建水を茶碗の下敷きにすることで茶入と茶碗をさらに重く扱う古法があった。
• There was an old manner in which chaire and chawan are treated with more respect by placing magari kensui under chawan during the chasen kazari procedure.

• 千家十職の一つ「土風炉・焼物師」であり、代々土風炉（どぶろ）、茶碗などを製作してきた。
• They are designated to the 'doburo yakimono shi' (brazier maker and potter), which is one of the Senke jusshoku (which means 'Senke's ten designated craftsmen families,' representing the ten highly skilled craftspeople who are the recipients of traditionally transmitted skills within specific families designated to serve the major tea schools [Senke] in Kyoto), and they have produced doburo (a ceramic portable stove for boiling water to make tea) and tea bowls for generations.

• 「井戸茶碗」は朝鮮半島では日用雑器として作られた茶碗を日本の茶人が茶器に見たてたもの。
• Ido tea bowls' are tea bowls that were made on the Korean peninsula for everyday use but became used by Japanese tea masters during the tea ceremony.

• 台は貴人台といって形は天目台だが白木地のものを用い、これに天目形の茶碗を載せて持ち出す。
• The tea-bowl stand is called kinindai, whose form is the same as tenmokudai but is made of white wood, on which a chawan shaped on tenmokunari-style (the rim of the bowl is slightly curved inward) is placed.

• 茶碗の形状は、碗形のものが多いが、筒形や平形、輪形（玉形）、半筒、端反、沓形などがある。
• Most chawans are wan gata (bowl form), but there are also tsutsu gata (cylindrical from), hira gata (flat form), wa gata or tama gata (round shape), hanzutsu (semi-cylindrical), hazori (upswept rim), kutsugata (shoe-shaped) etc.

• 磁器は割れやすい材質なので、現代では食堂など業務用にプラスチック製の茶碗も作られている。
• Because porcelain breaks easily, commercial plastic chawans are also being manufactured for restaurants and so on.

• 茶道の茶碗は非常に高価な工芸であることも多いため、落とさないように気をつけねばならない。
• Since a china bowl used at a tea ceremony is often a very expensive artifact, you must be especially careful not to drop it.

• 「井戸」の名の由来は諸説あるが、単純に「井戸のように深い茶碗」の意とする説が有力である。
• Among various theories on the origin of the name 'ido' (literally,'well'), the most influential is that it simply meant 'a deep tea bowl like a well.'

• 事前に湿らせて折りたたんでおき、濃茶を飲んだ後に茶碗の飲み口を拭って次客へと茶碗を廻す。
• A kojakin should be moistened and folded beforehand, and a guest wipes the lip of a tea bowl with the kojakin after drinking koicha (thick tea) and then he or she passes the tea bowl to the next guest.

• 茶碗はすべて盆にのせられ、客は銘々茶碗をとって飲用するという作法だったと推測されている。
• The presumed manner is that tea bowls were all put on a tray and each guest takes a tea bowl from the tray.

• しかし、茶入荘・茶碗荘・茶杓荘といった場合には後座で行う点前（茶筅荘の変形）までを含める。
• However, chaire kazari, chawan kazari, and chashaku kazari for the Urasenke style include the tea service conducted at atoza (transformed version of chasen kazari).

• 湯のみ茶碗に入れて湯を差すことで塩漬けの塩が溶けだし、花びらが開いて湯の上面に浮いてくる。
• When the cherry blossom is placed in a Japanese tea cup and hot water is poured over it, the salt melts, whereupon the petals open up and float on the surface of the water.

• その他、重要有形民俗文化財として、泥塔、皇服茶碗、版木、萬燈会関係用具二千百余点などがある
• In addition, the temple is in possession of Important Tangible Folk Cultural Properties which include a mud pagoda, Obuku-chawan (tea ceremony bowl for New Year's Shugicha), wooden printing blocks and over 2100 materials related to the Mando-e (Buddhist lantern festival).

• この「喜左衛門井戸」は、井戸茶碗と称される一群の茶碗の中でも古来名品と称されるものである。
• Kizaemon Ido' tea bowls have been considered to be masterpieces among Ido tea bowls since ancient times.

• 客が茶を飲み、空になった茶碗をお盆に載せると、振り返って茶碗を元の場所まで運んで停止する。
• When the guest places the empty cup on the tray after drinking the tea, the doll turns itself, carries the cup to you, and rolls to a stop.

• 天目茶碗（てんもくぢゃわん）とは、天目釉と呼ばれる釉薬をかけて焼かれた陶器製の茶碗のこと。
• Tenmokujawan means a pottery tea bowl that is fired by using glaze called Tenmoku glaze.

• 茶道で茶道具を拭い清めたり、茶碗その他の器物を扱うのに用いるおよそ縦9寸、横9寸5分の絹布。
• A piece of silk cloth of about 27.27cm x 28.79cm in size to wipe and clean tea utensils and to be used with tea cups and other wares at a tea ceremony.

• 茶筅を茶碗の縁において持ち替えながら上下を繰り返すが、このとき軽く音を立てる習いになっている。
• It is a tradition to make small sounds when shifting the chasen from one hand to the other, putting it on the rim of the tea bowl, while moving it upward and downward repeatedly.

• 御本茶碗 - 江戸前期に釜山の倭館で焼かれたもので、切型(お手本)によって注文制作されたもの。
• Gohon chawan: bowls fired at the Japanese consular office in Busan in the early part of the Edo period (1603-1868) and made to order based on a model.

• 利休の時代、利休が作らせた楽茶碗は、代表的な唐物である天目茶碗と違って粗末な道具とされていた。
• During the Rikyu era, Rakujawan made at Rikyu's request was regarded as a bad utensil unlike Tenmoku Chawan (tea bowl) which was a typical karamono.

• 喫茶の普及と共に「茶碗」という言葉も広まり、喫茶用途以外の磁器も指す磁器の代名詞として使われた。
• Along with the spread of the tea drinking habit, the word 'chawan' has also spread and it has become a pronoun for porcelain used for other purposes also.

• 中華人民共和国では別に配膳されるが、おかずを御飯茶碗に載せながら食べるのが普通の食事作法である。
• In the People's Republic of China, cooked rice and cooked side dishes are served in separate bowls and/or on plates, but it's the convention of the table that, before you eat the side dishes, you put it over the cooked rice in your rice bowl.

• これは茶碗や茶杓にとっては通常よりも格上の扱いであるので、これらを重く扱うときにも茶筅飾とする。
• Since these procedures are usually for utensils that are higher in order than those for ordinary chawan or chashaku, when treating chawan or chashaku with respect, chasen kazari procedure is applied.

• 茶を入れる茶器が最も高く、次いで茶碗や茶杓、その後に風炉釜や水指・蓋置・建水などが続くとされる。
• The utensil in which the tea is poured is the highest order, followed by chawan, chashaku, furogama (a tea kettle), mizusashi (a water jug), futaoki (rest for the lid of a teakettle), and kensui (waste-water container).

• また利休は高麗茶碗や呂宋壺などの輸入品も用いたが、これらは産地では雑器扱いの大量生産品であった。
• Also, Rikyu was using imported goods such as Kourai Chawan (Korean tea bowl) and Luzon (Philippines) pots, which were mass produced and regarded as poor utensils.

• 抹茶を点てる場合でも、道具は基本的に茶碗と茶筅があればよく、あとは湯を沸かす鍋釜があれば事足りる。
• Even when making powdered green tea, all you need is basically tea bowls and a tea whisk as tea utensils and a kettle to boil water.

• 茶筅飾は茶入を重く扱うために茶碗を下敷きにしたのが元々で、これはかなり古い起源があると考えられる。
• Chasen kazari originated when chawan was laid under chaire to treat it with respect, which is thought to have a very old origin.

• 具体的には、瀬戸焼、美濃焼や唐津焼の職人とその技法をベースとして高麗茶碗の写しなどが作られている。
• Specifically, Seto-yaki (Seto pottery), Mino-yaki (Mino pottery), and Karatsu-yaki (Karatsu pottery) craftsmen made copies of Goryeo tea bowls, taking advantage of their techniques.

• 日本ではご飯をよそうための椀を特に ご飯茶碗（ごはんちゃわん） や 茶碗（ちゃわん）、飯碗と呼ぶ。
• In Japan a bowl for rice is specially called 'gohanjawan' 'chawan' or 'meshiwan.'

• 陶磁器でできた丼や茶碗など、やや重たいものは安定して持つために、親指のつけねを縁につけて安定させる。
• When you have to hold slightly heavier bowls such as those of ceramics, you press your thumb's webbing against the rim of the bowl to keep it firm.

• 天正9年（1581年）～同14年（1586年）頃に長次郎によって黒楽茶碗が焼かれたのが始まりである。
• The beginning of Black Raku was when Chojiro made a Black Raku tea bowl around 1581 to 1586.

• 直径30センチ以上、重さ6～7キロの大茶碗と長さ35センチの茶筅でお茶を立て、参拝客にふるまわれる。
• Tea is whipped using a huge tea bowl using a diameter over 30 cm and weight of 6 to 7 kg and a 35 cm long tea stirrer and served to worshippers.

• 小茶巾（こぢゃきん）とは、茶道裏千家において抹茶を飲んだ後の茶碗を清めるために用いられる小布である。
• A kojakin is a small cloth used to clean off a tea bowl after drinking tea at the Urasenke (the House of Urasen) school, which is one of the Japanese tea ceremony schools.

• 19世紀初頭9代了々斎が茶入飾・茶碗飾・茶杓飾・花所望・炭所望の5つを加えて習事十三箇条と称していた。
• In the early 19th century, Ryoryo-sai, the 9th generation of the Omotesenke, added chaire kazari, chawan kazari, chashaku kazari, hanashomo and sumishomo to the traditional konarai and called it the Thirteen Naraigoto.

• 劇中、道化役が演じる「よだれくり」という子供は、源蔵に叱られ罰として線香と茶碗を持って立たされている。
• The child that played the role of a fool called 'Yodarekuri' (drooling kid) was lectured by Genzo and held incense and rice bowl as a punishment.

• 重茶碗（かさねちゃわん）は客が大勢の場合の取り扱いで、茶碗を2枚または3枚重ねて持ち出す手続きである。
• Kasane chawan is a procedure for serving tea to a large number of guests, in which two or three chawan are piled up when taken out.

• そこで物外が自分の茶碗を指3本で3度回し、指先で茶碗を微塵に砕いて見せたところ、武士は降参して帰った。
• So Motsugai turned his tea bowl three times with his three fingers, and broke it into small pieces with the tip of his finger, then the samurai surrendered to him, going back home.

• 茶を点てる前は必ず湯を用い、茶碗を温めると同時に穂先を湯に馴染ませ柔らかくして折れにくくする効果がある。
• Hot water is always used before making the tea so that a tea bowl can be warmed and bristles plunged in hot water can be softened and improved in elasticity.

• また茶碗などの食器や容器ばかりではなく、人物や動物などの陶像や磁器像の製作も行い、名品が多いと言われる。
• He created not only tableware or vessels but also pottery and porcelain figures of humans or animals, many of which were regarded as masterpieces.

• そうして多数つくられた山茶碗窯のなかから、12世紀前半、知多半島の常滑焼と渥美半島の渥美焼があらわれた。
• A number of Yamajawan kilns were produced through such process; Tokoname-yaki Ware in Chita Peninsula and Atsumi-yaki Ware in Atsumi Peninsula were generated in the first half of the 12th century.

• 茶碗は、その名のとおり茶を飲むための器であり、湯呑み（ゆのみ）や湯呑茶碗（ゆのみちゃわん）とも呼ばれる。
• As its name suggests, chawan is a bowl for drinking tea and also called yunomi (drinking hot water) or yunomichawan (bowl for drinking hot water).

• 和尚と対面してお茶を喫み、雑談をしていたところ、武士はいきなり手にした茶碗を鷲づかみにして、砕いてみせた。
• He met a high priest and drank tea, having a chat, then the samurai suddenly grabbed his tea bowl and broke it into pieces.

• 点前で茶を点てる前後に、茶碗に湯または水を張って穂先を振ったり茶筅を上げ下げしたりする所作を茶筅通しと呼ぶ。
• Chasentoshi refers to a series of movements where hot or cold water is poured in a tea bowl, and the bristles of chasen are swayed in it and moved in and out of it, before and after making the tea.

• 芸術品、工芸品として取引され、作家名の押し印されたものも多く、個々の茶碗に銘（名前）が付けられたものもある。
• Chawans are treated as works of art and artifacts, many of which have the artist's name printed on them and some of which have been given individual names.

• 棚物に柄杓・蓋置を飾っておき、茶巾・茶筅・茶杓を仕込んだ茶碗を建水に入れて運び出すため、立ち座りは1度で済む。
• Since ladle and a rest for the lid of a teakettle are displayed on a shelf and chawan which is prepared with chakin (a cloth), chasen, and chashaku is carried while being contained in kensui, the server need to get up only once during the ceremony.

• 材料と製法が、茶碗蒸しとほぼ同じため同時に作ることも可能で、だし汁の量を調節して2種の料理を作ることが出来る。
• As the recipe and ingredients of tamago dofu are almost the same as those of chawanmushi (steamed egg hotchpotch), the two dishes can be prepared at the same time by adjusting the amount of dashi broth.

• 特に千利休は長次郎（初代・樂吉左衛門）の茶碗や京釜師・辻与次郎の釜など、独特の好みを持って茶道具を選んでいた。
• SEN no Rikyu, especially, selected his tea utensils with a unique taste, such as a tea bowl by Chojiro (the first-generation Kichizaemon RAKU) and a kettle by Yojiro TSUJI, Kyogamashi (Kyogama kettle maker).

• もともと日用雑器として作られた「高麗茶碗」は、こうした流れの中で茶器として取り上げられるようになったものである。
• Against this background, 'korai chawan', which were originally made as everyday bowls, came to be treated as tea bowls.

• 樂 吉左衛門（らく きちざえもん）は、千家十職の一つ、楽焼の茶碗を作る茶碗師の樂家が代々襲名している名称である。
• Kichizaemon RAKU is a name inherited from generation to generation by the leader of the Raku family of chawanshi (tea bowl maker) who makes Raku-yaki ware, which is one of the Senke jissoku (Senke's ten designated craftsmen families).

• その代わりとして創作されたのが楽茶碗や万代屋釜に代表される利休道具であり、造形的には装飾性の否定を特徴としている。
• Instead of meibutsu, Rikyu invented implements for tea ceremony such as Mozuya-gama (kettle) and Raku tea bowl, a characteristic of which was lack of decoration in shape.

• 天覧歌舞伎の帰途、明治天皇は「よだれくり」について「あの者は家でも線香と茶碗をもっているのか」と侍従に尋ねられた。
• Meiji Emperor asked the chamberlain on the way home from Tenran Kabuki concerning 'Yodarekuri,' 'does that person hold incense and a rice bowl even at the house?'

• 唐時代に喫茶の風習が始まった中国では、熱湯を入れた茶碗を直接持たなくてもいいように茶托にあたる物があったとされる。
• In China, a custom of tea drinking started in the Tang period and is believed that there was a utensil equivalent to chataku, so drinker do not need to hold tea bowl containing boiling water.

• 茶筅飾・茶筅荘（ちゃせんかざり）は茶入・茶碗・茶杓・水指のいずれかが名物もしくは由緒のある場合に行う取り扱いである。
• Chasen kazari (茶筅飾 or 茶筅荘) is a procedure for when either chaire, chawan, chashaku, or mizusashi to be used is of meibutu or has a history.

• 逆にご飯茶碗や味噌汁の椀などを手で持たずに食べたり、皿に身を乗り出して口が料理を「迎えに行く」ことが無作法とされる。
• In contrast, it is considered a breach of etiquette to lean forward over one's plate and let your mouth 'go fetch' foods such as boiled rice and miso soup without holding a china bowl (for boiled rice) or a wooden bowl (for miso soup or else).

• 本阿弥光悦と親交があり、光悦に楽茶碗の製作技法を伝授したため、その後光悦作による大量の楽茶碗が残されることとなった。
• He had a close relationship with Koetsu HONAMI and taught Koetsu how to make Rakujawan (Raku teacup), and that is why a lot of Rakujawan created by Koetsu still exist.

• しかし近年発見された天文 (元号)年間の名物記『清玩名物記』では、掲載される珠光旧蔵の道具は《珠光茶碗》のみであった。
• However, according to 'Seigan Meibutsu-ki,' a record of specialties which was compiled during the Tenmon era and discovered recently, only the Juko tea bowl is listed as a utensil that was owned by Juko.

• 一般の鍋を使うなどして、炊く際に温度むらが出て芯が残った場合、茶碗等に移して電子レンジで長めに再加熱すると解消できる。
• If rice is not cooked through because of uneven cooking temperature when using a commonly available pot, the problem can be solved by transferring the rice into a rice bowl and reheating it for a slightly longer time in a microwave oven.

• ただし裏千家の場合、茶入・茶碗・茶杓に故ある場合には点前に少しずつ変更が加わり、それぞれを茶入荘・茶碗荘・茶杓荘という。
• However, in the case of Urasenke style, when either chaire, chawan, or chashaku has a history, the way to serve tea will be slightly modified, and such transformed methods are called chaire kazari, chawan kazari, or chashaku kazari, respectively.

• 大量の山茶碗のほか粘土紐巻き上げ成形による大形の壺を生産しはじめ、これが東北地方北部から九州地方に至る広い範囲に流通した。
• Apart from a large amount of Yamajawan, big-sized pots molded with strings tied up started to be manufactured, and they were supplied to a wide area, from the northern Tohoku region to the Kyushu region.

• 樂家の茶碗や飛来一閑の棗・香合のほか、現在の千家十職には名前がないが西村九兵衛の釜も宗旦に好まれ、多くの作品を残している。
• In addition to a tea bowl by the Raku family, and natsume (a container for powdered tea) and kogo (incense box) by Ikkan HIKI, Sotan also favored a kettle by Kuhe NISHIMURA; although Kuhe's name is not listed among the current Senke jissoku, he left many works.

• いわゆる上手物（じょうてもの）とは程遠い、日常雑器の茶碗に過ぎないが、いかにも侘び茶にふさわしい素朴で力強い味わいがある。
• Although only everyday items and far from being what are known as 'jotemono' (refined art), they have a simple yet powerful charm which is suitable for wabicha (literally, 'poverty tea style').

• 軽く火を通して焦げ目を付けたものは生とは違った味わいがあり、酒の肴にするのも良く、また、茶碗蒸しに彩として入れることもある。
• Kamaboko, slightly toasted and browned, has a slightly different flavor than the raw form; it tastes good together with beverages and is sometimes put into a chawan-musi (steamed-egg hotchpotch) as an embellishment.

• 高麗茶碗の「高麗」とは「朝鮮渡来」の意であり、「高麗茶碗」と称されるもののほとんどは高麗時代ではなく、李氏朝鮮の製品である。
• The term 'korai' in korai chawan means 'coming from Korea' and most of the products which were called 'korai chawan' were made in the Joseon Dynasty rather than the Goryeo ('Korai' in Japanese) Period.

• また黄金の茶室の設計などを行う一方、草庵茶室の創出・楽茶碗の製作・竹の花入の使用をはじめるなど、わび茶の完成へと向かっていく。
• While he designed a golden tea room, he was bringing wabi-Cha to perfection, inventing Soan teahouse, making Raku tea bowl and beginning to use Hanaire (flower vase for tea ceremony).

• 茶巾は作法通り畳んで絞って水気を取った後に耳を上にして巾筒にいれ、巾筒は茶箱の真ん中やや右より、茶碗の右奥あたりに入れておく。
• After folded and wringed dry, chakin is placed into kinto with its selvage up properly according to the manner, and the kinto is placed in the chest, at the position which is slightly right from the center and diagonally right behind the tea bowl.

• 江戸時代には、素焼の土器や木椀に代わって磁器の食器が使われるようになり、「飯茶碗（蓋付碗）」、「煎茶碗」などの言葉も生まれた。
• In the Edo period, during the pace of unglazed earthenware and wooden bowls, porcelain bowls came into use and consequently the words 'meshijawan' (bowl for rice with lid), 'senchawan' (bowl for green tea) were created.

• 『山上宗二記』からは、この道具の序列の変化が確認され、また高麗物である井戸茶碗（秀吉所持）が名物に名を連ねている点も注目される。
• This change in the order of tea utensils was identified in 'YAMANOUE no Soji ki' (a book of secrets written by YAMANOUE no Soji, the best pupil of SEN no Rikyu), and it should be noted that the Ido chawan (a rustic tea bowl possessed by Hideyoshi) made in Korea was among the meibutsu.

• また、元亀3年（1572年）に信長が京都に自身の屋敷を建てた際には、3月に顕如から万里江山の一軸と白天目の茶碗を贈呈されている。
• When Nobunaga built his own residence in Kyoto in 1572, Kennyo presented him with a scroll depicting Wan Li Jiang Shan mountain and a Shiro Tenmoku tea bowl in April.

• 煎茶道の流派により様々だが、茶を飲み終わった後は茶碗を茶托に伏せるのを推奨する流派と、茶托に茶渋が付くとして厳禁する流派がある。
• The manner varies with the schools; a school recommends lying tea bowl upside down on to chataku after finish drinking tea, while other strictly forbids doing so as tea staining will stain chataku.

• 茶席において、点てられた抹茶を運ぶ際に茶碗の下に敷いたり、また流派・点前によっては茶器の拝見の際に畳の上に広げて同様に拝見する。
• This is placed under a tea bowl when the host of a tea ceremony carries a cup of whisked powdered green tea, and additionally, it is placed on a tatami mat to view a tea bowl at some tea ceremony schools or at some tea ceremony parties.

• 千家十職の中には同じく茶碗を作る樂吉左衛門がいるが、善五郎は主に伝世品の写しなどを作っており楽焼のみの樂家とは住み分けがなされている。
• Although the Senke jusshoku includes another tea bowl maker family called Kichizaemon RAKU, they and Zengoro have their own territories because Zengoro's major products are replicas of works which have been prized for a long time, while the Raku family focuses only on rakuyaki (hand-molded pottery).

• 煎茶の茶托は茶碗の高台に合わせた円形のくぼみが付いていることが多いが、中国茶の茶托は単なる小さい皿か盆のような形状をしている物が多い。
• Chataku for Sencha often have a concavity matched to kodai (the base section of a teacup) of tea bowl, but majority of chataku for Chinese tea has a simple shape of small plate or tray.

• 寿司以外には、ケーキなどのデザート、フルーツ、唐揚げ、天ぷら、刺身、フライ、そば、茶碗蒸し、ビール、酒、飲茶などが回っていることがある。
• Besides sushi, there are usually other food and drinks such as desserts like cakes, fruit, fried chicken, tenpura (Japanese deep-fried food), sashimi (fresh slices of raw fish), deep-fried food, soba (buckwheat) noodles, Chawan Mushi (steamed egg custard dish), beer, rice wine, Yum cha, etc. on the traveling conveyer belt.

• 従来の日本の食慣習に沿った方式ではあるが、この場合しばしば、ご飯は「ライス」と呼ばれ、茶碗に盛った和食のそれとは別のものとして扱われる。
• This is a style following the conventional Japanese eating habits, but in this case the rice is often called 'raisu' and treated as different from that served in a bowl in Japanese food.

• 従来、律令体制と連動してきた尾張国の猿投窯が、11世紀以後、購買層を支配者層から庶民層へとうつし、実用的な無釉の山茶碗の生産を開始した。
• The Sanage kilns of Owari Province had been linking to the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), and after the 11th century, there was a change in buyers, from the ruling class to the common people class, and unglazed Yamajawan (bowl) began to be manufactured.

• またこの周辺からは、大量の瓦、壺、甕、碗、鉢、擂鉢、天目茶碗の他、中国から輸入されたと思われる青磁、青白磁、白磁などの遺物が発掘された。
• In addition, in this part of the castle many relics were excavated such as roof tiles, pots, earthenware pots, bowls, basins, mortar, tenmoku tea bowls including seiji (celadon porcelain), seihakuji (bluish white porcelain) and hakuji (white porcelain), which are considered to have been imported from China.

• 直ちに細川幽斎が「筒井筒　五つにわれし井戸茶碗　咎をば我に　負いにけらしな」と狂歌を詠み、怒った秀吉をとりなしたという（石川県の文化財）。
• Immediately, Yusai HOSOKAWA read a satirical poem, 'Tsutsuizutsu, a tea bowl broken into 5 pieces, let the blame fall on me,' and he calmed Hideyoshi's anger (a cultural property of Ishikawa Prefecture).

• ――おれは一皿の芋を平げて、机の抽斗（ひきだし）から生卵を二つ出して、茶碗（ちゃわん）の縁（ふち）でたたき割って、ようやく凌（しの）いだ。
• I cleaned up the sweet potatoes, then took out two raw eggs from the drawer of my desk, broke them on the edge of the rice bowl, to tide it over.

• 手元に小茶巾を用意していないときの応急処置として、懐紙を湿らせた上で折りたたみ、使用することもあるが、茶碗を傷つける恐れがあるため注意が必要。
• If a guest does not have a kojakin, he or she temporarily can use a wet and folded kaishi (Japanese tissue) instead of kojakin, but great care must be taken because the use of wet kaishi may hurt a tea bowl.

• 通常、湯冷ましのみが単独で売られていることは少なく、同じデザインの急須あるいは宝瓶（泡瓶）と茶碗数個とセットになって販売されていることが多い。
• In general, only yuzamashi is seldom sold separately, but is usually sold as a set with a kyusu or a hohin (a kind of small teapot) and several chawan (tea bowls) which are of the same design.

• 三井家の惣領の家柄である三井北家6代三井高祐が紀州和歌山城下（西浜御殿）に招かれた際には、高祐が手造りした茶碗に治宝が亀の絵を描くなどしている。
• When Takasuke MITSUI, the 6th head of the Mitsui-Kita family that was the eldest son's lineage of the house of Mitsui, was invited to the Wakayama Castle town (the town developed around the Wakayama Castle) (Nishihama-goten), Harutomi painted a turtle on the tea bowl that was hand-made by Takasuke.

• 客室のテーブルには茶筒に入った茶葉や急須、茶碗、畳の上または座卓上に湯の入った電気ポットまたは魔法瓶が用意され、利用者が茶を入れて飲むことができる。
• Guests find a table in their room with a can of tea leaves, a teapot, some tea cups, and an electric pot full of hot water on the tatami floor or on the table, and they can help themselves to tea.

• 大名茶人として知られる松江藩主・松平不昧をはじめとして、この茶碗の所持者が相次いで腫物を病んだために不昧没後にゆかりの寺である孤篷庵に寄進され現在に至る。
• As the successive owners of this tea bowl including tea ceremony master and Matsue Domain Daimyo (feudal lord) Harusato MATSUDAIRA developed tumors, the bowl was donated to this temple which is so closely related to Harusato following his death where it has remained.

• 「高麗茶碗」もこの流れの一つであって、文献上の初見は『松屋会記』に天文6年（1537年）、十四屋宗伍の茶会で「高ライ茶碗」が使用されたと見えるものである。
• Korai chawan' was a product of this background and it first appeared in literature in 'Matsuya Kaiki' (Record of tea ceremonies), where 'korai chawan' is described as being used in Sogo JUSHIYA's tea ceremony in 1537.

• 天正16年（1588年）の『山上宗二記』（やまのうえのそうじき）には、「唐茶碗はすたれ、当世は高麗茶碗、瀬戸茶碗、今焼茶碗がよい」という意味の記述がある。
• In 'Yamanoue Soji ki' (The Record of Soji YAMANOUE) from 1588, there is a description to the effect that 'Kara chawan is out of fashion and Korai chawan, Seto chawan and Imayaki chawan are popular today.'

• 茶入飾（ちゃいれかざり）・茶碗飾（ちゃわんかざり）・茶杓飾（ちゃしゃくかざり）は、それぞれ茶入・茶碗・茶杓に名物や由緒のあるものを用いる場合の取り扱いである。
• Chaire kazari, chawan kazari, and chashaku kazari are procedures for displaying chaire (tea container), chawan (tea bowl), or chashaku (bamboo tea spoon for making Japanese tea) of meibutu or which has a history.

• これを嫌う人は、炊き上がった後炊飯器でしばらく保温され粗熱の取れた飯を使うか、飯を茶碗によそって窪みを作ってからある程度冷めるまで時間を置いたものを使うとよい。
• If you do not like the half-boiled state, use rice slightly cooled by being kept warm in a rice cooker for some time after the rice has been steamed, or leave the rice as served in a rice bowl with a pit formed in it until it is cooled to a certain degree.

• 紀州徳川家の歴代藩主の中には茶の湯に興味をもつ者も少なくなく、6代覚々斎の時には紀州藩4代藩主から8代征夷大将軍となった徳川吉宗からは茶碗（桑原茶碗）を拝領した。
• Many of the successive heads of the Kishu-Tokugawa family took interest in the tea ceremony and Kakukakusai (the 6th head of the school) was given a tea bowl (Kuwabara-jawan) by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA who was originally the 4th domain head of the Kishu clan prior to being made the 8th Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians').

• 16世紀以来日本茶道で用いられた唐物茶器の多くは、天目茶碗、珠光青磁、唐物茶入、呂宋茶壺（るそんちゃつぼ）など、主に中国南部の民窯で焼かれた非主流的なものであった。
• Most karamono tea bowls used in Japanese Sado from the 16th century, such as tenmoku tea bowls, Juko celadon, Karamono chaire (Chinese-style tea canisters) and Luzon chatsubo (tea urn) were minor wares that were mainly fired in minyo (private kilns for producing plate ware for daily use) in southern China.

• 式正茶法の特色として、畳の上に直接道具を置くことがなく、「茶碗台」というものが考案され、居前で手を清めたり、帛紗を使い分けるなど清潔を旨としていることが挙げられる。
• The characteristics of the Shikisei way of tea are that the tea implements aren't placed directly on the tatami mat but on a 'tea-bowl stand', and purification is emphasized by washing hands when sitting in the Imae position and separating the used fukusa cloths.

• この小さなオフィスのマントルピースの上には小さな鉛製の缶の大部隊が整列し、窓の前のテーブルには四つか五つ、磁器の茶碗があり、通常、半分ほど黒い液体で満たされていた。
• --London, E. C. On the mantelpiece of this little office a little leaden battalion of canisters was drawn up and on the table before the window stood four or five china bowls which were usually half full of a black liquid.

• 茶人としては生涯で400回ほどの茶会を催し、茶入、茶碗、花入などを多く作製したほか、審美眼に優れ東山御物などから優品を選定しこれらは後に中興名物と呼ばれるようになる。
• As a master of the tea ceremony, he held at least 400 tea parties during his lifetime; in addition to making utensils such as tea caddies, tea bowls and vases, he had exquisite taste and chose outstanding items from the Higashiyama Gomotsu collection, which later came to be called chuko meibutsu (later famous objects).

• 円筒状の茶碗にミツバ・干し椎茸・ギンナン・ユリ根・蒲鉾（主に板蒲鉾）・鶏肉・魚肉・エビ・アナゴ・貝などの具材と、溶き卵に薄味の出し汁を合わせたものを入れ、蒸し器で蒸す。
• When you cook Chawan-mushi, you put all ingredients such as mitsuba (Japanese honewort), dried shiitake (mushroom), ginkgo nuts, lily bulbs, slices of kamaboko (boiled fish paste) (mainly ita-kamaboko (fish paste on a wooden board)), some pieces of chicken and fish meat, shrimp, conger eel, and shell into a cylindrical bowl, pour beaten egg mixed with bland soup, and steam it in a steam cooker.

• 室町時代の将軍家における唐物を賞玩する喫茶文化では、天目茶碗や龍泉窯の青磁茶碗が好まれていたが、珠光は粗末な《珠光茶碗》を賞美し、こうした道具を用いる茶の湯を確立した。
• In the shogun family of the Muromachi period, the Tenmoku tea bowl or celadon porcelain tea bowl of Ryusengama were appreciated because of the tea drinking culture that valued Tang-style tea bowls, but Juko praised plain 'Juko bowls' and established the tea ceremony using such plain tea utensils.

• 新安沈船から引き揚げられた遺物には白磁、青磁の天目茶碗などおよそ1万8000点におよぶ陶磁器や、約25トン・800万枚もの銅貨、そして346点もの積荷木簡が含まれていた。
• Relics (of the past) pulled up from the wrecked ship included 18,000 ceramic ware items including white and celadon porcelains and tenmoku tea bowls, 8 million copper coins weighing 25 tons, and 346 pieces of tsumini mokkan (narrow, long, and thin pieces of wood strung together that were used to write names of trading items on).

• 高麗茶碗（こうらいちゃわん）は、16世紀半ば頃から、日本の茶道で用いられた茶碗の分類の一つであり、朝鮮半島で焼かれた日常雑器を日本の茶人が賞玩し茶器に見立てたものである。
• The term 'korai chawan' refers to a type of tea bowl which was used in Sado (Japanese tea ceremony) from around the middle of the 16th century and was originally a bowl for everyday use made in the Korean peninsula that came to be appreciated as a tea bowl by Japanese chajin (tea ceremony masters).

• バリエーションとして、茶碗蒸しの具にうどんを加えたものを小田巻き（苧環）蒸し（うどんおだまきうどん）、具に豆腐を使い、蒸しあげた後に上から葛あんをかけたものを空也蒸しという。
• There are two variations of Chawan-mushi: Odamaki-mushi, a traditional egg custard dish on a base of udon noodles (Japanese wheat noodle) mixed with ingredients of Chawan-mushi, and Kuyamushi (steamed egg custard with tofu (bean curd) in it) on which kuzu paste sauce (a sweet sauce whose main ingredient is arrowroot starch seasoned with soy sauce and sugar) is poured after it is steamed.

• ほかにも、箸を持っていない方の手で茶碗や皿などの食器を持つ、主食と副菜（ごはんとおかず）を明確に分け交互に食べる（いわゆる三角食べ）など、日本以外では見られないようなことが多い。
• In addition, it is often seen only in Japan that dishes such as bowls and plates are held with the hand not holding chopsticks, meals are clearly divided into a main dish and side dishes (rice and accompanying dishes) and eaten alternately (so-called Sankaku tabe (triangular eating)).

• この弁当箱は、飯が下の半球状部分に収められ、家庭の食卓で使っているご飯茶碗（→茶碗）のような形をしており、おかずは上部円筒部に収められた部分から箸で取って食べるようになっている。
• Rice is contained in hemispheric part at the bottom of the lunch box which is just like the shape of rice bowl (see, rice bowl) used at-home dining table, while accompanying dishes are contained in the cylindrical part at the top of it, and they pick up food from them with chopsticks.

• 整然とした端正な形を好み、抽象を重んじる他の茶器とは違い、歪んだ形の沓（くつかけ）茶碗や、市松模様や幾何学模様の絵付け、後代には扇子などの形をした食器や香炉など、具象的な物が多い。
• While other chaki are expected to be well-ordered and decent in shape and also are valued for their abstraction, Oribe ware include a number of representational articles, such as irregularly-shaped Kutsukake chawan (tea bowls shaped like a shoe of old times), those with a checkered or geometric-pattern hand painting, and in later years, tableware and incense burners in the shape of a sensu (folding fan) and the like.

• また、マッチ箱程度の大きさのつき餅1個で飯茶碗1杯分のカロリーがあることや、個包装され保存が利く袋詰め商品であること、簡単に入手できることなどから災害時の非常食としても重宝されている。
• Tsuki-mochi is convenient as emergency food to be used when a disaster occurs, etc., because: a piece of tsuki-mochi of the size of a match box has a calorific value equal to that of a bowl of rice; bagged products are available in which each piece of tsuki-mochi is individually packaged and is able to be preserved for a long time; and tsuki-mochi is easily available.

• 武人としてあまりに高名であるために、茶人としての逸話はあまり伝えられていないが、徳島城、名古屋城などの作庭や、茶杓、茶碗など手作りの茶器に逸品が多く文武両芸に秀でた人であったと考えられる。
• He is so well-known as a warrior that there are not so many episodes of him as a master of tea ceremony, but judging from the gardens he made on the premises of Tokushima-jo Castle and Nagoya-jo Castle, and from the excellent hand-made tea utensils including bamboo tea scoops and tea bowls, it seems that he was good at both the literary and military arts.

• 前者からは「曜変天目茶碗」（ようへんてんもく）・「油滴天目」（ゆてきてんもく）・「灰被天目」（はいかつぎてんもく）・「禾天目」（のぎてんもく）、後者からは「木葉天目」（このはてんもく）が派生した。
• Yohen Tenmoku,' 'Yuteki Tenmoku,' 'Haikatsugi Tenmoku' and 'Nogi Tenmoku' derived from the former and 'Konoha Tenmoku' derived from the latter.

• 天目茶碗の代表的な物として、現在の福建省建甌市（元の建甌県）にある建窯で作られた建盞（けんさん）と呼ばれるものや、江西省吉安県にある吉州窯で作られた玳皮盞（たいひさん）/鼈盞（べつさん）が挙げられる。
• Representative Tenmokujawan are products called Kensan, which were produced at Ken kiln located in Jianou City (former Jianou Prefecture), Fujian Province, and those called Taihisan/Bessan, which were produced at Kisshu kiln located in Jian Prefecture, Jiangxi Province.

• 流派や手前によって異同があるが、やかん、ボーフラに水を足す、手前の最初の方で、茶碗、急須、湯冷ましを清めるために水を注ぐ、夏場は茶碗、急須を冷やすための水を注ぐ、など、手前の中で大きな役割を果たしている。
• Although the method of use differs from school to school and depending on the type of service, the suichu fulfills various roles throughout the service, being used for adding water to the tea kettle and to the bofura (water pot), for pouring water into the tea bowl, teapot, and yuzamashi (water cooling jar) at the start of the ceremony to wash and purify them, and to cool the tea bowl and teapot in the heat of the summer.

• 飯茶碗一膳の飯の量を消費する時間は、一般的な食事作法・習慣から考えると、惣菜としてのおかずを順々に一口ずつ食べて、全品を平らげながら食べ終わることから、飯茶碗一杯分の飯の消費は、食事時間とほぼ同じ傾向がある。
• In view of general manners and habits of dining, because the meal is finished by eating a mouthful of each dish one after another, the time to consume a bowl of rice is substantially equal to the time for the meal.

• 本来は高価な唐物名物を用いた茶の湯への反抗であり、楽茶碗や竹製の花生、量産の漆塗り茶入である棗 (茶器)といった安価な道具を用いるものであったが、江戸時代に家元が権威化すると、箱書や伝来、命銘などによってこれらの道具も名物へと転化してしまった。
• Originally, they started wabicha to oppose the use of expensive karamono such as Meibutsu and, instead, were using inexpensive utensils including rakujawan, bamboo vases and lacquered tea container natsume (tea utensil), but as the head family of the school was taking power in the Edo period, such inexpensive tea utensils became Meibutsu because of hakogaki (description written on tea utensil's case), records of history and naming.

• この事から、鉄釉のかかった茶碗を「天目」と称し、その中でも特に鼈口を有した2段の口造り構造となった天目の茶碗は中の茶の保温に優れたものとして茶道を愛好するものに好まれたために、こうした茶碗を「天目茶碗」と呼んで珍重して、台子点前・貴人点などの重要な茶会などの際にも用いられた。
• Because of the above history, tea bowls produced by using tetsuyu were called 'Tenmoku,' and among them, those with a supponguchi (a mouth in the shape of soft-shell turtle) were specifically called 'Tenmokujawan,' being valued by tea ceremony lovers because of their excellent ability to keep tea warm and used at important tea ceremonies such as Daisu-temae and Kijin-date.

• 「侘び・寂び」に対する理解も次第に変質し、美しい石灯籠を「完璧すぎる」とわざと打ち欠いたり、割れて接いだ茶碗を珍重するなど、大衆には理解し難い振る舞いもあって、庶民の間で「茶人」が「変人」の隠語となる事態も招いた（禅の極端化にも共通する過度の精神主義であるし、「粋な自分」を誇示する、本来の茶道とは外れた行為でもある）。
• The understanding of 'wabi (taste for the simple and quiet) or sabi (quiet simplicity)' gradually changed, behavior, like breaking a beautiful stone lantern for being 'too perfect,' treasuring a tea bowl that was repaired after being cracked, became incomprehensible for the masses that it made locals to call 'chajin' (a man of tea) as 'henjin' (abnormal man) (it had a close resemblance to extreme Zen and excessive spiritualism and was a behavior far removed from the original sado).