Honyaku Star - Search: 芝居

芝居: 416 Terms and Phrases

芝居
play
drama
Shibai
Acting

一芝居
trick
act

芝居噺
Routines derived from kabuki

芝居碆
Shibaibae

芝居物
Shibaimono (literally, theatrical entertainment)

紙芝居
picture story show
Kamishibai

猿芝居
monkey show

伽芝居
fairy play
pantomime

夏芝居
summer play

村芝居
play put on in a village
play put on by villagers

芝居気
theatrical

芝居者
actor
actress
someone who works at a theater

地芝居
'Jishibai'

影絵芝居
shadow play

独り芝居
one man show
performing solo
monodrama

緞帳芝居
low-class kabuki theater
low-class play

道化芝居
farce
low comedy

戯け芝居
comedy
burlesque

芝居の筋
plot of a play

田舎芝居
provincial theatrical performance

操り芝居
puppet show

人形芝居
puppet show

素人芝居
amateur theatricals
amateur dramatic performance

芝居小屋
playhouse
theatre
theater

芝居掛る
to be affected
to be theatrical
to be pompous

芝居好き
theatergoer
someone who likes plays
playgoer

芝居茶屋
Shibai-jaya (A tea room located in a theater)

一人芝居
one man show
performing solo
monodrama

芝居じみた
histrionic

芝居をする
play

一芝居打つ
use a trick

芝居がかる
to be affected
to be theatrical
to be pompous

歌舞伎芝居
kabuki play

芝居を打つ
to play a trick
to put up a false show
to deceive someone
to put on a play
to present a play
to give a play

芝居掛かる
to be affected
to be theatrical
to be pompous

芝居の断章
fragments of a play

相模人形芝居
Sagami ningyo shibai (Sagami puppet play)

芝居がかった
theatrical
histrionic

安乗の人形芝居
Anori puppet play

旧金毘羅大芝居
Kyuukonpiraooshibai

芝居で使われる。
It is used for plays.
It is used in plays.

二段目：芝居風呂
Act Two: Shibaiburo Shibaiburo (drama in the public bath)

三段目：質屋芝居
Act Three: Shichiya Shibai (pawnshop theater)

一人芝居に終わる
wind up helping no one

芝居じみたしぐさ
theatrical

芝居 (ベケット)
Play (play)

ミッキーの芝居見物
Orphan's Benefit

芝居のように面白い
good as a play

一人芝居(をする)
put on one-person performance

上演に適さない芝居
an unactable play

幼少より芝居好き。
As a child he loved the theatre.

よく芝居を見に行く人
playgoer

お芝居は好きですか。
Do you like the theater?

芝居の価値のない台詞
otiose lines in a play

彼の芝居は当たった。
His play was a hit.

話は芝居くさくなった。
The talk became theatrical.

どの芝居がいいですか。
Can you recommend a good play?
Can you recommend a play?

それは芝居にすぎない。
It is just an act.

芝居がかった絶望の態度
an attitude of melodramatic despair

芝居がかって装飾された
theatrically dressed

どのような芝居ですか。
What sort of play is it?

映画や芝居のためなどに
as for a film or play

（例）いろいろな芝居で
Example 3: In various performances

二幕目　芝神明芝居前の場
Act two: the scene at the front of a playhouse in the precincts of Shiba Shinmei Shrine

それはどんな芝居ですか。
What sort of play is it?

芝居は面白かったですか。
Did you enjoy yourself at the theater?

たまには芝居を見に行く。
Once in a while I visit the theater.

興行収入で大失敗した芝居
the play failed big at the box office

B. 芝居の切符を買う　
Buying Theater Tickets

芝居がかったような態度の
in a theatrical manner

内容的によくない映画や芝居
turkey

芝居をよく見に行きますか。
Do you often go to see plays?

お芝居するのは止めなさい。
Stop putting on an act.

これで芝居が完成できるぞ」
Now I can finish my play,'

彼女は芝居をしているだけだ
She's just acting

この芝居にはユーモアがない。
This play has no humor in it.

その芝居はとても面白かった。
The play was a lot of fun.

A. 芝居の情報を入手する　
Obtaining Information about Plays

芝居で役割、配役を演じること
the performance of a part or role in a drama

A: どの芝居がいいですか。
A: Can you recommend a play?

彼の芝居は大成功に終わった。
His play ended in large success.

彼女は新しい芝居を企画中だ。
She is getting up a new play.

まるで宮芝居の真似（まね）だ。
just like the cheap performances at a rural show!

「受話器を置いての一人芝居よ」
'Holding down the receiver,'

今、人気のある芝居は何ですか。
What is the most popular play now?

急に芝居がかった態度をとるな。
Don't take that dramatic attitude all of a sudden.

その芝居は６ヶ月間上演された。
The play ran for six months.

力強く芝居がかったような企業家
a high-voltage theatrical entrepreneur

この芝居は、観衆を不快にさせた
This play jarred the audience

芝居にたくさん音楽が加えられた
The music added a lot to the play

電話で芝居の予約はできますか。
Can I make reservations for plays by phone?

初代の実子で旅芝居の株も継ぐ。
He was a real son of the first and succeeded the license of the theatrical troupe.

彼の振る舞いは芝居じみていた。
His behavior was theatrical.

芝居錦絵のひとつであると言える。
Shini-e is a type of Shibai Nishiki-e (a colored woodcut print describing a theatrical plays and actors).

保護団体名：安乗人形芝居保存会。
Name of the conservation group: Anori puppet play Preservation Society

据置形　芝居の曲打太鼓（沖縄県）
Sueoki-gata (the style with the drum placed on the floor): Kyokuuchi Japanese drum (Okinawa Prefecture)

私達はその芝居の切符を予約した。
We booked seats for the play.

その芝居は今晩６時に始まります。
The play begins at six this evening.

その芝居の後半は少し退屈だった。
The latter half of the drama was a little dull.

真剣に離婚の問題に取り組んだ芝居
a play dealing seriously with the question of divorce

面白い対話がたくさん使われた芝居
a play full of scintillating dialogue

芝居や映画、ドラマの台本を書く人
someone who writes scripts for plays or movies or broadcast dramas

旅芝居の株を持つ家系に生まれる。
He was born in the family which had a license of the theatrical troupe.

彼は君のために一芝居うっている。
He is putting on an act for you.

彼は芝居を見に行くのが大好きだ。
He adores going to the theater.

この芝居はどこで上演していますか。
Where is this play being performed?

土曜に私と芝居の公演を見ませんか。
Would you like to see a live performance of a play with me Saturday?

私たちは昨日芝居を見に行きました。
We went to the play yesterday.

それはかつて見た最高の芝居でした。
It was the best play that I had ever seen.

彼はダフ屋を通して芝居の切符を得た
he got theater tickets through a scalper

その芝居は観客をはらはらさせていた
the play kept the audience in suspense

どこで芝居の情報が入手できますか。
Where can I get information about plays?

彼はその芝居を悲劇にするつもりだ。
He means the play to be a tragedy.

彼女は何本もたて続けに芝居を見た。
She saw play after play.

僕は芝居の自分の役の台詞を覚えた。
I studied my part in the play.

兄・与兵衛をかばおうと一芝居をうつ。
She tries to put on a show to protect Yohei.

高級芝居茶屋（大茶屋）の二階の様子。
Scene of the second floor of a high class shibai-jaya (ooyaja).

芝居の切符はどこへ行けば買えますか。
Where can I get tickets to a play?

その女優はつまらぬ芝居を活気づけた。
The actress brought the whole silly play to life.

アマチュア芝居で積んだ価値のある経験
gained valuable experience in amateur theatricals

上演：安政4年 (1857)、角の芝居
Performance: in 1857, at the Kado-Za in Dotonbori

安乗の人形芝居（1980年1月28日）
Anori puppet play (January 28, 1980)

より長いプログラムの一部である短い芝居
a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program

昨晩、芝居を見に行けばよかったのだが。
I wish I had gone to the theater last night.

彼は君のために一芝居打っているんだよ。
He is putting on an act for you.

彼の芝居は、ホロビッツの芝居に匹敵する
His playing approaches that of Horowitz

芝居歌（芝居の伴奏として使われる曲群）
Shibaiuta (a group of songs that are used as accompaniments to theatrical plays)

紙芝居資料 5,652点（宮城県図書館）
Picture-story show materials: 5,652 items (Miyagi Prefectural Library)

その芝居は、短編が婉曲化されたものだった
the play was a dramatization of a short story

モリエールによる軽視されていた芝居の再演
a revival of a neglected play by Moliere

どこに行けば芝居の切符が手に入りますか。
Where can I get tickets to a play?

A: どこで芝居の情報が入手できますか。
A: Where can I get information about plays?

事件の起こった年に、芝居や小説になった。
In the very year of the incident, it was adapted to a play and a novel.

江戸結城座の芝居茶屋の主人、??–??。
He was the master of the shibai jaya (a teahouse located within a theater) at Yukiza theater in Edo.

市村座の芝居茶屋泉屋の出方浜崎長吉の子。
He was a son of Chokichi HAMASAKI (浜崎長吉), an attendant of Shibai jaya (A tea house (chaya) located within a theater) called Izumi-ya in Ichimura-za Theater.

落とし噺/人情噺/芝居噺(怪談噺・音曲噺)
Categories: Otoshi-banashi, ninjo-banashi, shibai-banashi (including kaidan-banashi ghost stories, and onkyoku-banashi stories with background music)

その芝居は部分的な成功しかおさめなかった。
The play was only a partial success.

この芝居は２つの短い場面で構成されている。
This drama consists of just two short scenes.

芝居にはきっぷを持っている人だけ入れます。
Admission to the show is by ticket only.

評論家は新しい芝居に対して厳しい批評をした
The critics came down hard on the new play

主に大芝居に進出し、道外方、頭取を勤めた。
He mainly worked for Oshibai (a licensed theather in Edo period) and played Dokegata and Todori (chief).

茶屋：水茶屋、芝居茶屋、相撲茶屋、待合茶屋
Chaya (tea house): Mizujaya (public teahouse), shibai jaya (tea house in a theater, sumo-jaya (sumo teahouse), and machiai-jaya (establishments with rooms for rent for a short time where visitors and geisha could amuse themselves)

子供の玩具としての鬼の面や絵本、紙芝居など。
Toy masks of Oni, picture books, and picture story cards are on display.

私としては、その芝居は結構おもしろかったよ。
For myself, the play was fairly interesting.

彼は彼女の利益ために、相当なひと人芝居打った
he put on quite an act for her benefit

今夜の芝居の割引切符を買える所はありますか。
Is there any place to buy discount tickets for tonight's shows?

芝居で使われたが、現在はほとんど使用されない。
It was once used in plays, but it is rarely used any more.

走馬灯の仕組みは、基本的に影絵芝居と共通する。
Basically, the mechanism of a somato is the same as that of shadow picture play.

私達みんなは芝居を見るためにシアターへ行った。
All of us went to the theater to see a play.

これは芝居小屋の中の血みどろを参考にしている。
The work was made with reference to fake blood used in playhouses.

草双紙の挿絵、番付絵、芝居看板等の作品が多い。
Most of the works he left are book illustrations for Kusazoshi (Japanese chapbooks), pictures for banzuke (a list of actors), billboards for plays, and so on.

佐渡の人形芝居（文弥人形、説経人形、のろま人形）
Puppet plays in Sado (Bunya doll, Sekkyo doll and Noroma doll)

絵葉書、ブロマイドが流行し、芝居錦絵はすたれた。
Shibai Nishiki-e became out of fashion when new formats are invented and mass-produced in the form of pictured postcards or photographs of the actors.

これを家族や友人などと買い上げて芝居を見物した。
Usually, family or friends purchased the masuseki as a unit.

2人の芝居客が帰宅途中といったふうを装うためだ。
so that we might appear to be two theatre-goers homeward bound.

ロンドンに行く以上一つや二つの芝居を見なければ。
As long as I'm going to be in London, I ought to see a play or two.

その芝居は、劇的に面白かったが、方向性は悪かった
the play was dramatically interesting, but the direction was bad

今、ニューヨークで最も人気のある芝居は何ですか。
What's the most popular play in New York now?

- 少年や女性向けで、芝居の筋書きを書いたもの。
Synopses of a play written for boys and women.

小さいときから芝居好きで、家出をし劇団に入った。
Kinugasa liked the theater since childhood and ran away from home to joined a theater group.

父の没後は、その号を継ぎ、芝居絵の制作に従事する。
After his father's death, Hotei NOMURA inherited his alias and produced kabuki-themed paintings.

彼女といっしょに芝居をすることは素晴らしいことだ。
It's a marvelous thing to do a play with her.

1912年以降は片岡少年劇（ちんこ芝居）で活躍した。
After 1912, he played an important role in Kataoka-Shonen-geki (boys' theatricals) (chinko-shibai).

上方落語・音曲噺のはめもの、芝居噺の書割・ツケなど。
In Kamigata-rakugo and onkyoku-banashi there are some further accompaniments to performances such as hamemono, and kakiwari and tsuke (sound effects produced by striking a wooden board called a tsukeita with a clapper) are both used in shibai-banashi.

天明ころからは楽屋の三階や、芝居茶屋でも行なわれた。
Around the Tenmei era, it was held on the third floor of a backstage or theatre café.

'ゴドーを待ちながら'のような、非常に形式ばった芝居
highly formalized plays like `Waiting for Godot'

その古いブロードウェイの芝居は、本当によく続いている
that old Broadway play really has legs

A: 今ニューヨークで最も人気のある芝居は何ですか。
A: What's the most popular play in New York now?

芝居への復帰を「待っていた」をかけているわけである。
Therefore, that kakegoe expresses not only the expectation for the appearance of the Tobi-gashira but also the expectation for the leading actor's comeback.

芝居のなかで使えば、さぞやおもしろい象徴になるだろう。
What a good figure Stell would have made in a play:

彼は、'彼女の家には顔を出せない'と芝居がかって言った
`I cannot show my face at her house,' he declared theatrically

芝居や映画のセットで使われたり動かせたりする物品や物体
any movable articles or objects used on the set of a play or movie

（芝居の役のためのセリフなどを）素早く簡単に記憶する人
someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play)

福田という版元は芝居が好きで役者絵を多く出版していた。
A publisher called FUKUDA favored theatrical plays, and published many Kabuki actor portraits.

彼は本気でそう言ってるのでない、芝居をしているだけだ。
He doesn't mean it; he's just acting.

前述のように人情噺、芝居噺などのほとんどには落ちはない。
As mentioned above, most ninjo-banashi and shibai-banshi have no punchline.

近古の例では、江戸芝居三階を当たりぶるまいの会場とした。
For example, in the early modern age, the third floor of Edo-shibai-theatre was used as the venue for feasting.

（十三代目片岡仁左衛門『芝居噺』より）という演出もある。
The above (according to Nizaemon KATAOKA XIII from 'Stories of play') is a variation.

千日鬘：実際の髪形ではなく芝居の髪形で盗賊役などが結う。
Sennichi-bin: This hairstyle was not for everyday life but was worn by actors who played a role like a thief in dramas.

以下は芝居茶屋や出方と関わりのあった代表的な歌舞伎役者。
Following are representative kabuki actors with some connection with the tea rooms and ushers.

このような歌舞伎狂言は、江戸時代には単に芝居と呼ばれた。
These Kabuki Kyogen were simply called 'Shibai' (play) during the Edo period.

その芝居はとても面白かったよ。君もこれたらよかったのに。
The play was a lot of fun. I wish you could have been there.

彼は劇場の支配人のために芝居を完成させようとしている。
He is trying to finish a play for the Director of the Theatre,

このあたりになると芝居を完全に壊し顰蹙を買うと思われる。
Where kakegoe would break the mood of the scene and might be frowned at.

芝居小屋跡地に学校が建てられたのが1905年4月でした。
It was April 1905 when a school was built on the site of the theatre.

芝居茶屋や出方は、専属する芝居小屋と密接な関係にあった。
The theater tea rooms and their ushers all had a very close relationship with the theaters to which they were attached.

長兵衛と水野の事件もその一つで、芝居に取り上げられていた。
The incident of Chobei and Mizuno was one of fights between machi-yakko and hatamoto-yakko and it was dramatized.

重味があり、芝居全体を統一する力がないと無理かと思います。
It is a role with an importance, and the actor must have the ability to unite the entire play.

ロンドンでは少なくとも週に１度は芝居を見に行ったものです。
I used to go to plays at least once a week in London.

並木正三の門下で吾八（五八、呉八とも）の名で浜芝居で修行。
He trained himself in Hamashibai (a small theater in Dotonbori in the Edo Period) under Shozo NAMIKI, with his pen name, Gohachi.

その歓迎は、いつものことだったが、芝居がかってみえるのだが、
The geniality, as was the way of the man, was somewhat theatrical to the eye;

遅刻したのを、病気のせいにするなんてお前もお芝居がうまいね。
You're a good actor, pretending you were late because you don't feel well.

この無料の雑誌はこの町のすべての芝居の情報を掲載しています。
This free magazine has information about all the plays in town.

1891年（明治24年）書生芝居を堺市の卯の日座で旗揚げ。
1891: He launched his shoseishibai (dramas to propagate ideas on liberty and people's rights) at the Unohi-za Theater in Sakai City.

江戸の芝居見物の掛け声も、前半部を省略して、音節で言い切る。
They often omit the first half of the phrase of kakegoe.

1961年　第20回文藝春秋読者賞：「南海の芝居に雪が降る」
1961 - Readers Award of The 20th Bungei Shunju: 'Nankai no shibai ni yuki ga furu'

「呂音」同様に唄もの・芝居・舞踊の引き立て役として多用される。
It is often used to enhance songs, plays and dances just as a ryoon (lower tone) is.

以後の芝居小屋では土間にもさまざまな段差をつけるようになった。
Following the example of the Nakamura-za Theater, other playhouses established later were equipped with doma at various different levels.

芝居小屋にほど近い地に位置し、簡単な店構えで庶民を迎え入れた。
These were located close to the theaters and were simpler constructions which served ordinary people.

道を隔てて見える芝居小屋からは目と鼻の先にあったことがわかる。
You can see that it was very close to the theater which was over the road.

1902年、旅芝居の一座としてデンマークコペンハーゲンへ渡る。
In 1902 she left for Copenhagen, Denmark as a member of a traveling entertainer group.

こんなシリアスな芝居を見るのは初めてで貴重な経験ができました。
That was the first time I had seen such a serious play so it was a valuable experience.

花柳界では、人気のあるお芝居を伏線とする唄が作られることがある。
In karyukai (world of geisha), songs based on popular kabuki plays are sometimes created.

一挙手一投足がコミカルで、芝居小屋を笑いの渦へとひきこむのです。
Every one of his movements is comic, and is sure to throw the house into convulsions of laughter;

これみよがしの、虚栄心の強い、度を超えた、または芝居がかった行為
ostentatious or vainglorious or extravagant or melodramatic conduct

1694年（元禄7年） - 御香宮神社例祭の芝居・見世物が始まる
1694: A drama or show first played in the annual festival of Gokonomiya Jinja Shrine.

芝居の登場人物とはみなされず、必要に応じて動くのみで演技はしない。
Kurogo are not regard as characters in plays, so they do not play and only work as necessary.

「古い芝居の言葉にも、旅は愛人との邂逅に終る、と云う言葉があるが、
'`Journeys end in lovers' meetings,' as the old play says.

背景の事情：江戸市村座の芝居茶屋・菊屋善兵衛の三男として生まれる。
Background: He was born as the third son of Zenbe Kikuya of the Kikuya tea room in Edo's Ichimura theater.

それでも明治に入ると名興行師の三栄と大清が道頓堀の芝居を盛りたてた。
After the start of the Meiji period, however, the great promoters Sanei and Daisei produced successful plays in Dotonbori.

ジャックの左1発で、お芝居2回分とオックスフォード靴1足は出てきてね
Jack's got a left that spells two matinees and a new pair of Oxfords--and his right!

芝居茶屋・河内屋庄兵衛の養子、実父は大阪の大工、1831–1885。
Adopted son of the owner of Shibaijaya (a tea house located within a theater), Shobe KAWACHIYA, and his real father was a carpenter in Osaka; 1831 - 1885.

1961年に『文藝春秋 (雑誌)』で「南海の芝居に雪が降る」を執筆。
In 1961, he wrote the novel entitled 'Nankai no shibai ni yuki ga furu' (Snowfalls in the drama of southern sea) for the magazine 'Bungei Shunju'.

真打昇進の際には、特別の興行となり、新真打本人がその芝居の主任となる。
When promoted to shinuchi, a special show is held, and the new shinuchi himself becomes the lead in the play.

（登場人物が芝居好きで俄で演じ出すという仕立てになっているものが殆ど）
(In most of these routines a character who is a great fan of kabuki improvises a kabuki play).

1936年（昭和11年）　芝居小屋・中座を買収し、跡地に新築の上開業。
1936: Yoshimoto Kogyo Co., Ltd. bought a playhouse, Nakaza Theater, constructed Kyoto Kagetsu Theater on the spot and opened it.

『勧進帳』の弁慶を勤めれば、芝居が未熟だと小團次にこっぴどく叱られる。
When acting Benkei in 'Kanjincho,' he was severely scolded for his immature acting by Kodanji.

幼少期は子供芝居で、やや長じては青年劇中村扇雀一座の座頭として活躍する。
In the infant stage, he performed in a children's play and later actively performed as zagashira (the leader of a troupe) of the troupe of Senjaku NAKAMURA for youth plays.

人形芝居が江戸時代初期に三味線音楽、浄瑠璃と結びついて生まれたとされる。
It is said to be generated as a result of linkage of puppet plays with Shamisen music and joruri in the early Edo period.

保護団体名：佐渡人形芝居保存会（佐渡文弥人形振興会、新穂村人形保存会）。
Name of the conservation group: Sado Ningyo Shibai Hozonkai (Sado Bunya doll Promotion Association and Nibo-mura doll Preservation Society).

本格的な芝居小屋では建物正面、入り口の上に櫓を設置するのが通例であった。
Orthodox theaters have mostly had a yagura at the front of the building, above the entrance.

当時の芝居小屋の枡席は一般に「七人詰」で、料金は一桝あたり25匁だった。
Each masuseki in the playhouse at that time had a seating capacity of seven, which cost 25 monme (old denomination).

これは初期の芝居小屋には屋根を掛けることが許されていなかったからである。
A reason why the price was set so low is that early playhouses were not permitted to have a roof.

江戸時代の芝居小屋は度重なった火災と再興のため、常に経営難だったという。
It is said that the playhouses faced continued financial difficulties due to a series of fires and reconstruction activities in the Edo period.

芝居好きにもかかわらず、劇場の門をくぐったことは２０年もないほどだった。
and though he enjoyed the theatre, had not crossed the doors of one for twenty years.

B: 私は少し情報を持っています。　どのような芝居がお好きですか。
B: I have some. What kind of play do you like?

この目にだって芝居のチケットとシルクのブラウスくらいのことはありそうよ」
This eye is good for theater tickets and a silk shirt waist at the very least.'

明治初年（1868年）、芝居町の大火に遭い、豪奢を極めた居宅を灰と帰す。
In 1868, a big fire hit Shibai-cho, and her residence which had been most extravagant burnt up.

尚、小林旭は本作について「これで映画の芝居を覚えた」と語っているという。
Additionally, it is said that Akira KOBAYASHI remarked about this film; 'I learned the play of film from this film.'

これらを地芝居と呼び、歌舞伎と人形浄瑠璃のどちらかかが演じられる事が多い。
These plays are called 'Jishibai,' and in most cases, their content is either Kabuki or Ningyo Joruri.

そのびっくりするような芝居めいた才能は、夢の中でもはたらくとおりでしょう。
Does she not show us--she the queen in the land of enchantment--her astounding dramatic talent in all our dreams?

1894年、自由民権運動の活動家で書生芝居をしていた川上音二郎と結婚した。
In 1894, she married Otojiro KAWAKAMI who was a performer of student play (shosei shibai) as well as an activist of the movement for liberty and people's rights.

（参考）このページの冒頭に表示されている画像は、このお芝居の一場面である。
(Reference) The picture on the top of this page is a scene from this play.

小説・芝居にも使われ、大阪の伝統芸能である河内音頭の代表的な演目となった。
The story was adapted for novels and plays, and became a representative song of Kawachi ondo (Kawachi dance), a traditional performing art in Osaka.

明治の中頃には見世物小屋や芝居小屋が建ち並び、現在の繁華街の原型ができた。
In the mid-Meiji period, the street was lined with show tents and playhouses, which was the progenitor of today's amusement center.

相模人形芝居（1980年1月28日　厚木市、小田原市　相模人形芝居連合会）
Sagami puppet play (January 28, 1980; Atsugi and Odawara Cities; Sagami Ningyo Shibai Rengokai [Sagami Puppet Play Joint Association])

「蛸芝居」「質屋芝居」「本能寺」などの芝居噺では、歌舞伎の下座音楽となる。
In kabuki routines like 'Octopus' Kabuki,' 'A Pawnbroker's Kabuki' and 'Honno-ji Temple,' background music play the role of off-stage music in kabuki theater.

芝居の下座音楽や郷土芸能の音楽、祭囃子、阿波踊りなどの民族舞踊に用いられる。
It's used in 'geza' (off-stage) music, music for local performing arts, 'matsuri-bayashi' (Japanese festival music), and folk dances such as Awa Dancing Festival.

背景の事情：市村座の芝居茶屋・泉屋の出方を営む濱崎長吉の子として生まれる。
Background: He was born to Chokichi HAMAZAKI, an usher at the tea room called Izumiya which was attached to the Ichimura-za theater.

江戸の芝居噺の演出は人情噺の途中から一転、衣装を引き抜き背景に書割を設ける。
Kabuki routines in Edo are staged in such a way that the storyteller makes a quick change in the middle of a sentimental story and the background setting is introduced.

小芝居から歌舞伎に入り、関西歌舞伎の伝統を受継いだ女形や花車形を得意とした。
Having been an actor of Koshibai (plays performed in small theaters) at first, he later became a Kabuki actor with good skill in acting Oyama (female roles) and Kashagata (old female roles) inheriting the tradition from Kansai Kabuki.

大劇場に出ることはあまりなく小芝居に出ることが多かったが大衆に人気を誇った。
He seldom performed in a large theater, whereas he often performed in a small play and had a high popularity among the public.

現在、桂米朝らがそれを元に「本能寺」や「そってん芝居」などの復活を試みている。
Based on the films, Beicho KATSURA is now trying to restore 'Honno-ji Temple' and 'Sotten Kabuki.'

同年十二月一日（1749年1月19日）には大坂中の芝居で歌舞伎版が初演された。
Its kabuki version was performed for the first time at Osaka Naka no shibai theater on January 19 1749.

芝居小屋の枡席は一般に「土間｣（どま）と呼ばれ、料金は最も安く設定されていた。
Masuseki in small playhouses were generally called 'doma,' and they were the lowest priced seats in the house.

幼少時から芸事に親しみ、母親の経営する寄席の高座で芝居ごっこに興じて過ごした。
From his childhood he was interested in the traditional performing arts and spent his days performing on the stage of the variety hall run by his mother.

江戸の芝居小屋市村座では新狂言「公平法問諍」が大評判で多くの人が詰めかけている。
Kinpirahomon arasoi' performed at a playhouse in Edo, Ichimura-za, gains enormous popularity, so a lot of people come to see it.

一口に芝居茶屋といっても、そこにはピンからキリまでさまざまな種類のものがあった。
While we refer to them all as shibai-jaya, there were a large variety of tea rooms of all sizes.

地芝居における演目の多くは専業の演者による公演と重なり、その影響が強く見られる。
Many Jishibai programs overlap with those of expert performers, which indicates that Jishibai is strongly influenced by the experts' performances.

第一部の終わりは素人芝居を脚色した若い婦人による、感動を呼ぶ愛国的な朗唱だった。
The first part closed with a stirring patriotic recitation delivered by a young lady who arranged amateur theatricals.

諸鈍芝居（1976年5月4日　大島郡 (鹿児島県)瀬戸内町諸鈍　諸鈍芝居保存会）
Shodon Shibaya play (May 4, 1976; Shodon, Setouchi-cho, Oshima County [Kagoshima Prefecture]; Shodon Shibaya Hozonkai [Shodon Shibaya Preservation Association])

保護団体名：相模人形芝居連合会（林座（厚木）、長谷座（厚木）、下中座（小田原））。
Name of the conservation group: Sagami Ningyo Shibai Rengokai (Hayashi-za [Atsugi], Hase-za [Atsugi] and Shimonaka-za [Odawara])

なかには漫画風にしたり、蓮台座という芝居というふうにいささかふざけた図柄もあった。
Sometimes Shini-e took a form of a joke or a cartoon; for example, a picture shows the figure sitting on a lotus pedestal, playing a role as a statue of Buddha.

背景の事情：日本橋 (東京都中央区)明治座の芝居茶屋・山崎屋の子として生まれる。
Background: He was born into the tea room Yamazakiya attached to the Meiji-za Theater in Nihonbashi, Chuo-ward, Tokyo.

そのこともあって、俳諧を主題としたこの芝居はことのほか楽しそうに演じていたという。
For this reason, he looked like he pleasantly acted this play.

1662年（寛文2年）には大阪の道頓堀で竹田近江がからくり芝居の興行を行っている。
In 1662, Omi TAKEDA gave a performance of a play of karakuri ningyo at Dotonbori, Osaka.

ここでは私たちは、多くの幼児が熱心に言うような、少し芝居がかったわざを持っている。
So that here we have a touch of the dramatic art, which is so strongly pronounced in most young children.

彼はそれを宝石屋に売って、食べ物と薪を買って、芝居を完成させることができるだろう」
He will sell it to the jeweller, and buy food and firewood, and finish his play.'

広義には芝居を題材にしたり、パロディにしたりしている演目を芝居噺とすることもある。
In a broad sense, shibai-banashi may also include performances where the central topic is derived from a shibai or performances that parody them.

以後小芝居で花形役者として活躍するが、その才能を尾上菊五郎 (6代目)に見出された。
He had been a top-billed actor in Koshibai until Kikugoro ONOE (the sixth) spotted his talent.

1. 歌舞伎の芝居をそのままに演じるやり方：「加賀見山」「本能寺」「自来也」「綱七」
1. Routines that perform kabuki plays as they have been transmitted:'Mt. Kagami,' 'Honno-ji Temple,' 'Jiraiya,' 'Tsunashichi.'

1825年7月26日に江戸の中村座という芝居小屋で「東海道四谷怪談」が初公演された。
'Tokaido Yotsuya Kaidan (Tokaido Yotsuya Ghost Stories)' was first performed at a theater called Nakamura-za Theater in Edo on July 26, 1825.

雨が降り始めると土間は水浸しになって芝居見物どころではなくなってしまったからである。
Therefore, if it started to rain, the doma got soaked, with the result that the audience found it difficult to enjoy the play.

俄（にわか）とは、江戸時代から明治時代にかけて、宴席や路上などで行われた即興の芝居。
Niwaka (written in Chinese characters as 俄) is an impromptu comic play that was performed at banquets or on the streets in the Edo/Meiji periods.

芝居または小説での登場人物間あるいは勢力間の対立（特に話の筋の展開を促すような対立）
opposition in a work of drama or fiction between characters or forces (especially an opposition that motivates the development of the plot)

このうち中と角が格の高い大芝居で、他は廉価な値段で見られる浜芝居（中芝居）であった。
Among them were Naka and Kado, which were high-class oshibai (a licensed theater in the Edo period), while others were hamashibai (nakashibai, or small theaters in Dotonbori in the Edo period) where plays could be enjoyed with low admission charge.

枡席に芝居茶屋から出方が幕の内弁当や飲物を運んでくるようになったのもこの頃からである。
A service where attendants delivered makunouchi-bento (lunch boxes) and drinks from the shibai jaya (tea house located within the theater) to the audience while they sat in the masuseki started at around this time.

演劇の内容は史実や物語、事件などを題材にして演じる芝居であり、歌舞伎狂言とも呼ばれる。
The content of the drama came from historical facts, fiction, events and other topics, and the drama was called 'Kabuki Kyogen.'

怖い話・怪談の中には、講談、芝居など様々な文学ジャンルで採り上げられているものがある。
Some of the scary stories and Kaidan are contained in various categories of literature such as kodan story, play, etc.

その人気は、心中ものの芝居にさかんに用いられたために江戸で心中が横行したほどであった。
Moreover, since it was so popular and was often used for the plays depicting lovers' suicides, such incidents of lovers' suicides occurred frequently in Edo.

商業演劇のみならず、鳥居前の段等は地芝居（地域住民による素人芝居）でも良く演じられる。
This play is, especially the sections of Toriimae and others, performed not only for commercial purposes but also in jishibai performance (amateur performance by local residents).

乳鉢坊（にゅうばちぼう）とは、芝居の鳴り物に使う銅盤が変化して生まれた日本の妖怪である。
Nyubachibo (literally, mortar [a bowl-shaped vessel] bonze) is one of Japanese yokai (ghosts, spirits and monsters) that was transmuted from a copper disk (cymbal) used as a musical instrument for theatrical performance.

背景の事情：大坂の大工の子として生まれ、三歳のとき芝居茶屋・河内屋庄兵衛の養子となる。
Background: He was born as the son of a carpenter in Osaka and was adopted by Shobei of the Kawachiya tea house when he was three years old.

同月、新京極の芝居小屋「夷谷座」でフランスから輸入したドキュメンタリーフィルムを公開する。
In the same month, he released a documentary film imported from France at 'Ebisudani-za Theater,' a playhouse in Shinkyogoku.

通りかかった辰五郎は我慢できず決着をつけようとするが、芝居小屋の太夫元の仲裁で引き下がる。
Tatsugoro, who happened to pass by, could not overlook the situation and tried to settle the quarrel; however, he backed off because the manager of the playhouse intervened to calm the quarrel.

縁起物や芝居の一場面など古典的なものから、動物やアニメのキャラクターまで題材は多岐に渡る。
Kamikiri covers various subjects from classical ones, such as a good luck charms or scenes of a play, to animals or cartoon characters.

こうしたことを考えると、この家督移譲は六角家からの独立を意図した芝居であった可能性が高い。
Taking these into consideration, there is a high possibility that this transfer may have been a play aiming to become independent from the Rokkaku family.

注：岩流には俗に佐々木小次郎の呼称があるが後年の芝居で名づけられ定着したもので根拠がない。
Note: Because of the influence of some plays, 'Ganryu' is sometimes called 'Sasaki Kojiro,' however, the information on the plays is invalid.

工藤が舞台の高座にあがるとき一礼するが、江戸時代の劇場の櫓芝居小屋に敬意を表する意味である。
Kudo bows when he goes on the raised platform of the stage in order to pay respect to the licensed theatre during Edo period.

明治以降になっても建築様式として引継がれ、伝統的な様式を採用する芝居小屋には櫓が設置される。
This style was taken over as an architectural style beginning with the Meiji period, and theaters which adopt a traditional style still have a yagura.

黄色（もえぎ色）の表紙（黄色を青と称した）で、少年や女性向けに芝居の筋書きなどを書いたもの。
It was by the bindings of amber (light green) books (described yellow as blue) that it could be discerned if story plots etc were written for boys or girls.

18歳の頃、尾上鶴三郎あるいは三升源五郎の名で芝居一座の座長として中国地方や四国を巡業した。
By the name of Kakusaburo ONOE or Gengoro MIMASU, he toured around Chugoku and Shikoku region as leader of the troupe when he was 18 years old.

またチャリの笑いのエネルギーを、おかしみのある芝居では役者が引き継いで盛り上げる場合もある。
In comedies, sometimes actors take advantage of the energy of chari to arouse the audience to enthusiasm.

「大向うを唸らせる」といえば、そういった芝居通をも感心させるほどの名演であることを意味する。
O-muko wo Unaraseru' (literally, 'make o-muko hum,' means making a deep impression on the o-muko) means that the actor did an excellent job of acting enough to make those connoisseurs admire his performance.

それらは芝居などの観客にも向けられ、芝居茶屋などと呼ばれる観客を接待する店舗にも提供された。
They targeted audiences who came to see theatrical plays as well and their bento were provided to the places for entertaining guests such as tea houses called Shibai jaya which were located inside theaters.

芝居で使われたが、演奏法が難しいため現在は実際の馬の鳴き声を録音したものが使われることが多い。
Although it was once used in plays, a recording of a horse is usually used nowadays because of the difficulty of playing the uma.

特に幽霊の出てくるような怪談噺は、途中までが人情噺で、末尾が芝居噺ふうになっている場合が多い。
Kaidan-banashi ghost stories, which come under the category of shibai-banashi, mostly consist of a ninjo-banashi-like story with a shibai-banashi-like ending.

芝の神明社境内の芝居小屋で、またしても四つ車と九竜山浪右衛門ら力士とめ組の若い者が喧嘩をする。
In the playhouse located in the precincts of Shinmei Shrine in Shiba, sumo wrestlers including Yotsuguruma Daihachi and Kuryuzan Namiemon quarrelled again with young members of the Me-gumi firefighter brigade.

それまで邪道として蔑視されていたケレン芝居が見直されたがそれは関西歌舞伎復興の追い風となった。
Keren, which had been disdained as a cheap gimmick, found a new lease of life and provided a tailwind for the rehabilitation of Kansai Kabuki.

歌舞伎では農村で行われる芝居（農村歌舞伎）や都市における曳山の上での芝居（曳山祭り）等がある。
In Kabuki, various plays exist, such as Farmers' Kabuki, performed in farming areas, and the play on a Hikiyama festival float, performed in urban areas' Hikiyama-matsuri Festival.

江戸時代の元禄年間には、道中双六・野郎双六（芝居双六）などが絵入りの双六が遊ばれるようになった。
During the Genroku era in the Edo period, the picture Sugoroku such as 'Dochu Sugoroku' (a Sugoroku with pictures from the 53 stations of the Tokaido Road) and 'Yaro Sugoroku or Shibai Sugoroku' (a Sugoroku with actors' pictures), were played.

とりわけ初代文治は大阪で初めて寄席を開き、また声色鳴物道具入りの芝居話を創始したことで知られる。
Among these performers Bunji I is known as the founder of the very first yose theater in Osaka as well as the creator of 'shibai-banashi' (kabuki-derived stories) with music, props and stage settings.

歌舞伎作者で劇評家の岡鬼太郎は「ナンセンスな芝居、理屈をいわずに黙ってご覧なさい」と評していた。
Onitaro OKA, a Kabuki writer and drama critic, commented on this program as follows: 'As this is a nonsense drama, just enjoy without arguing.'

4幕7場からなる世話物で天明3年(1784年)5月 (旧暦)、大坂角の芝居（藤川菊松座）で初演。
It is the play that consists of four acts, seven scenes, and was first played at Kado-no-shibai (latter-Day Dotonbori Kado-za theater) in June-July, 1784.

芝居小屋内の一角、または隣接地・向い合わせに位置し、座敷や調度品を備えて、諸侯や富裕層を歓待した。
Oojaya were located in a corner of the theater, or adjacent or opposite the theater, and had a seating area and furnishings, and entertained feudal lords and wealthy people.

このため、大半の活動弁士が廃業に追いこまれ、その多くが漫談や講談師、紙芝居、司会者などに転身した。
Therefore most katsudo benshi were forced to give up their occupation, and many of them entered new vocations including professional storytellers (including a comic storytellers), picture-story show performers, masters of ceremonies.

レストレイドは、この芝居がかったタイミングでマッチをすると、漆喰の壁に残された血痕を照らし出した。
With dramatic suddenness he struck a match, and by its light exposed a stain of blood upon the whitewashed wall.

背景の事情：中村歌六 (3代目)の妻は、市村座の芝居茶屋・萬屋を営む小川吉右衛門の娘・かめだった。
Background: Karoku NAKAMURA (III) was married to Kame, the daughter of Kichiemon OGAWA who ran the Yorozuya tea room affiliated with the Ichimura-za theater.

17世紀後半になると、江戸の町では大坂出身の鹿野武左衛門が芝居小屋や風呂屋で「座敷仕方咄」を始めた。
In the latter half of the seventeenth century, Buzaemon SHIKANO from Osaka began 'Zashiki Shikata Hanashi' (theatrical comic storytelling performed inside a house) at playhouses and bathhouses within Edo.

また三代目市川猿之助は三代目実川延若の師事を受けケレン芝居の演出を自身のスーパー歌舞伎に取り入れた。
Ennosuke ICHIKAWA III learned from Enjaku JITSUKAWA III and introduced keren staging into his super kabuki.

この兄はやに色が白くって、芝居（しばい）の真似（まね）をして女形（おんながた）になるのが好きだった。
This brother's face was palish white, and he had a fondness for taking the part of an actress at the theatre.

奇妙な、芝居に出てくるような笑い声、メロドラマに面食らった悪役が不意にあげる、はじけるような笑い声。
-- a queer stage-laugh, like the cackle of a baffled villain in a melodrama.

各地の小芝居を勤めたのち、昭和8年 (1933) に市川右團次 (2代目)に入門、市川右升を名乗る。
After playing as an actor of Koshibai in various places, he became a disciple of Udanji ICHIKAWA (the second) in 1933 and changed his stage name to Usho ICHIKAWA.

阿国一座が評判になるとこれを真似た芝居が遊女によって盛んに演じられるようになり、遊女歌舞伎となった。
When Okuni and her troupe became famous, acts that imitated them, called Yujo-kabuki, was started by local prostitutes (Yujo) and became very popular.

火の見櫓、芝居小屋（劇場）の太鼓櫓など、また建物以外の物の構造や将棋の技などについては櫓を参照のこと。
Refer to yagura for hinomi-yagura turret, taiko yagura (drum turret) of a playhouse (theater), non-architectural yagura, shogi (Japanese chess) technique, etc.

芝居の小道具の刀の請負い、製茶業者などの職を経たのち法律を学び、1877年代言人（弁護士）免許を得る。
After carrying on a sword rental business for theaters and a tea making business, he studied law and received a lawyer's license in 1877.

特に芝居小屋のような、町人と密接な接触が想定される場に足を踏み入れることは、極力慎むことが求められた。
It was especially required that warriors should not enter a playhouse, where they were likely to have close contact with townspeople.

しかし成長しても商いには興味を示さず、芝居の真似事ばかりしていたので実家に追い返され、晴れて役者に転身。
However as Udanji grew older he failed to show any interest in the trade, and as he failed to do much except copy the stage actors he was sent back to his home and turned to his beloved acting.

南座は現在も年末の顔見世興行を行って古い伝統を維持しているが、道頓堀の芝居小屋はほとんどが消滅している。
Minami-za still maintains the old traditions by carrying out kaomisekogyo (the season's first performance with the new company) at the end of the year, but almost all the playhouses in Dotonbori have disappeared.

また、地方では、祭礼の際に行われる簡易の芝居を、それぞれの地方名を冠した俄として伝承している地域もある。
In some regional parts of Japan, a simplified play performed at festive occasions is handed down through the generations as 'such-and-such niwaka' prefixing it with the region's name.

佐渡の人形芝居（文弥人形、説経人形、のろま人形）（1977年5月17日　佐渡市　佐渡人形芝居保存会ほか）
Sado's puppet play (Bunya, Sekkyo and Noroma puppets) (May 17, 1977; Sado City; Sado Ningyo Shibai Hozonkai [Sado Puppet Play Preservation Association], etc.)

2人が正座し簡単な小道具、衣装を身に付け謎かけ問答や知恵比べ問答歌舞伎、芝居の物真似をし人気を取っていた。
Sitting straight in costumes, two people played riddles and compared wits with each other, or parodied theatrical plays such as kabuki, and this style of arts became popular.

歌舞伎などの芝居が流行し、錦絵や浮世絵で役者の服飾が紹介されると、庶民の装いは更に絢爛豪華なものとなった。
As theatrical performances including Kabuki became popular and players clothing were printed in colored woodblock prints, the common people began to wear more luxurious clothes.

また、寄席や芝居において、待ち時間や休憩時間が終わる際に演奏されるものも「しゃぎり（＝二番太鼓）」である。
Also, at yose (vaudeville theater) and theaters, it is 'Shagiri (niban daiko [literally, the second drum])' too that is played when the waiting time and break time are over.

芝居興行が人気に投じて大入り満員であったとき、その当たり祝いのために興行主が座員全員に饗応することである。
When a kabuki performance became so popular as to fill the venue to capacity, the producer invited all the actors for dinner to celebrate it.

そして歌舞伎俳優の映画界入り、関西歌舞伎の不振、小芝居が姿を消すなど歌舞伎の社会にも変動の時期が始まった。
And the transformation age of the Kabuki community started, which was symbolized by some incidents, such as Kabuki actors' going into the film world, the slump of Kabuki in Kansai area, and the disappearance of the low-class theater.

日記によれば広重は同年4月5日に甲府へ到着し、滞在中は甲府町民から歓迎され句会や芝居見物などを行っている。
According to the diary, Hiroshige arrived at Kofu on May 25 of that year and enjoyed a haiku gathering, play and so on during his stay, and was welcomed by the townspeople of Kofu.

2. 普通の落語から芝居になるやり方：「昆布巻芝居」「蛸芝居」「蔵丁稚」「質屋芝居」「足あがり」「七段目」
2. Routines that switch from common rakugo storytelling to kabuki style: 'Kelp-roll Kabuki,' 'Octopus Kabuki,' 'Apprentice in the Warehouse,' 'A Pawnbroker's Kabuki,' 'Missing Foot,' 'The Seventh Step.'

こうした役者が新たに選んだ歌舞伎役者の屋号一覧は、その多くが実家の芝居茶屋や出方の屋号を転用したものだった。
The list of kabuki stage family names chosen by these actors indicates that they often used the names of their family's tea room or the shop name of the usher.

松竹の京都第二京極にある芝居小屋「大正座」の座付作者だったが、火事のため人気が低下し、松竹蒲田撮影所に入社。
He was a scriptwriter exclusively for the theater group 'Taisho-za' at Shochiku's Kyoto Kyogoku No.2, but after a fire, the theater lost its popularity and he entered the Shochiku Kamata Studios.

引退後は芝居茶屋・紀伊國屋を立ち上げてその経営にあたり、明治初年にはこれを芝居小屋・澤村座に発展させている。
After retiring, he set up and ran a tea room called Kinokuniya and in the Meiji Period this grew to become the Sawamura-za Theater.

活歴とは文字通り「活きた歴史」という意味で、要するに「これは芝居といえるものではない」という嫌味に他ならない。
The word 'Katsureki' literally means 'vivid rendition of history,' but this was nothing but a satirical remark by Robun, who suggested that those performances were not theatrical entertainment at all.

江戸時代末期に京都四条河原町、大坂天満宮の神社の境内に舞台を設けひとりでに歌舞伎、芝居の物真似演じられた起源。
Karukuchi has its origin in plays such as kabuki parodied and developed on a stage prepared in the precincts of the Osaka-tenmangu Shrine, in Shijo Kawaramachi, Kyoto City at the end of the Edo Period.

その起死回生を図って左團次を全面に押し立てた作品としたのだが、作者側と共演者や芝居小屋座元との間に摩擦が起る。
Although this program was aimed at bringing Sadanji to the fore for his revival, friction arose between the writer's part and the costars and the proprietor of the theater.

瓦葺の屋根を備えた芝居小屋が初めて建てられたのは享保9年 (1724) のことで、雨天下の上演が可能になった。
It was 1724 when the first playhouse with a tiled roof was established, and this enabled the play to be performed even in the rain.

そこで生後間もなく大坂道頓堀の芝居茶屋・鶴屋に丁稚奉公に出されるが、実際は体よく養子に出されたようなものだった。
Soon after birth, Udanji was ostensibly sent to the shibai-jaya Tsuruya in Osaka's Dotonbori district as an apprentice, however in actuality he was adopted by the tea room.

備考：このとき初めて舞台一面から花道にかけて桜の造花が飾られ、芝居小屋そのものを吉原に見立てるという体裁が完成。
Artificial cherry blossoms were decorated from the stage to the hanamichi for the first time in this performance during the history of Sukeroku, and here, a style of likening the entire auditorium to the quarters of Yoshiwara was completed in this performance.

一方、上方の和事を中心とした凝った筋書きの芝居の影響によって、隈取も荒々しいだけでなく色気を意識するようになる。
On the other hand, Kumadori began to focus on allure by being influenced by play with a script that focused on love affairs of Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area).

特に江戸時代までは常設の芝居小屋には認可が必要であり、それを得ている芝居小屋は槍や御幣を飾ってその地位を示した。
Theaters required permission to be permanently built especially until the Edo period, and permitted theaters displayed spears and gohei (a wand tipped with strips of white paper) to show their status.

背景の事情：京都の都萬太夫座（みやこまんだゆうざ）の芝居茶屋の出方を営んでいた音羽屋半平の子として生まれる。
Background: He was born to Hanpei OTOWAYA who was an usher at the Miyako Mandayu-za theater tea room in Kyoto.

芝居（歌舞伎の下座音楽など）の効果音として使うもの、狩で獲物を誘い出すために使うものが多く、玩具としても使われる。
Many kinds of fue are used to produce sound effects for plays (geza [off-stage] music for Kabuki, and so on) or luring game, and some are also used as toys.

このような一万石から二万石に相当する、豪壮な用心深い武家屋敷の、頑丈な雨戸が、芝居のように簡単に外れたはずがない。
It's hardly possible that the solid shutter in this princely and guarded samurai residence which had the power from 10,000 koku (approximately 1.8 million liters of crop yield) to 20,000 koku (approximately 3.6 million liters of crop yield) could be unfastened so easily like in a play.

コンビになった舞台芸人が衣装をつけて幼稚な芝居をやる。よく見るとそれは、さきほど会った黄色いドレスの2人組だった。
A pair of stage twins, who turned out to be the girls in yellow, did a baby act in costume,

若手の有望株として大芝居に出演して人気があがるが、元治元年 (1864) 女房との離縁を機に雀右衛門の門下となる。
He became popular as a young promising star appearing on the big stage, but in 1864, he became a disciple of Jakuemon because he divorced his wife.

後代になると、さまざまな事情により、歌舞伎の門閥の方から芝居小屋の方に逆に養子を送り込んでくるという事例も出てくる。
Later on, for a variety of reasons, there were also examples of the reverse happening as distinguished kabuki acting families had their children adopted by the tea rooms.

専門の演者による公演の他、地域住民が祭礼の奉納行事などとして江戸時代以来の伝統に則った芝居を日本各地で上演している。
In addition to the plays by the expert performers, local residents all over Japan perform plays in the name of, for example, the festival ritual dedicated to a god, following the tradition from the Edo period.

芝居に行き、幕間長きを憤りてさへ、「早く幕明けないと、露探々々」など、罵る者ありしを聴きしことあ（p68/p69）り。
I've heard that in theaters some people, angry at a long intermission, start shouting 'rotan rotan' (pp.68-69)

当時の芝居見物は早朝から日没までの一日がかりの娯楽だったので、枡席にもいくらかの「居住性の改善」が求められたのである。
As a play was a whole day event at that time, from early in the morning to the sundown, people attempted to make the masuseki more 'livable.'

戦時下、劇場の閉鎖や芝居茶屋の廃業などのきびしい状況にもかかわらず、三巨頭を中心に歌舞伎は関西のファンの人気を集めた。
Despite difficult wartime conditions in which many theaters and shibaijaya (restaurant attached to a theater) were closed, kabuki centered on the big three achieved wide-spread popularity in Kansai.

フレディ・マリンズがゲイアティの芝居の二部で歌っていた黒人の酋長はかって聞いた中でも最も見事なテノールだったと言った。
Freddy Malins said there was a Negro chieftain singing in the second part of the Gaiety pantomime who had one of the finest tenor voices he had ever heard.

江戸時代の三都にはそれぞれいくつかの芝居町が存在したが、その中核を成したのが芝居小屋と、それに専属する芝居茶屋だった。
There were a number of theater towns in the three main cities of the Edo Period, Tokyo (then called Edo), Kyoto and Osaka, and the nucleus of these were the shibai-goya (theaters) and their accompanying tea-houses.

芝居茶屋（しばいぢゃや）とは、江戸時代の劇場に専属するかたちで観客の食事や飲み物をまかなった、今で言う劇場のお食事処。
Shibai-jaya were tea rooms located in theaters in the Edo period, which served food and beverages to the customers, or what we would now call theater restaurants.

以上の豊後節、およびそこから派生した豊後節系浄瑠璃の特徴は、歌舞伎芝居、門付けの違いはあるにしろ, 以下のとおりである。
Despite the difference in the way of performance, namely as the accompaniment of Kabuki or kadotsuke, Bungo-bushi and Bungo-bushi-origin Joruri have common characteristics as described below.

中学の先輩である永井荷風を愛読し、家に芝居見物を禁止されていたため近所の洋画専門上映館「神田錦輝館」に替り日ごとに通う。
He loved reading books of Kafu NAGAI who was his senior at junior high school, and also went to 'Kanda kinki-kan,' a theater specializing in foreign movies every time the showing was renewed since his family did not allow him to see stages.

久世光彦は、「日本映画は市川作品だけを観ていればよい。『おとうと』には映画のすべて、芝居のすべてがある」と発言している。
Teruhiko KUZE mentioned 'It is enough to watch Ichikawa's works only for Japanese films. Everything for films as well as plays lies in 'Ototo' (Brother).'

また、浄瑠璃の担当者が不足している地芝居に参加したり、一度上演が途絶えた地芝居の再興に協力する等の活動もおこなっている。
Additionally, joryu-gidayu perform such activities as participating in the Jishibai (local kabuki) where sufficient numbers of joruri performers aren't available, or as cooperating in the reconstruction of the Jishibai, whose performances had been stopped.

伝統音楽では叙情的な唄もの音楽（民謡、長唄等）や歌舞伎・文楽（人形浄瑠璃）等の芝居・舞踊を引き立てる役割として用いられる。
The shino-bue is used in traditional music to enhance lyrical songs (such as folk songs and nagauta) as well as plays and dances performed in kabuki and bunraku (or ningyo joruri [traditional Japanese puppet theater]).

歌舞伎の劇場は京は四條河原の南座が中心で、大阪は道頓堀に集まり大西・中・角・角丸・若太夫・竹田の芝居小屋が軒を並べていた。
Kabuki theaters were centered on Minami-za in Shijogawara in Kyoto, and in Osaka many theaters were concentrated in Dotonbori, where playhouses such as Dainishi, Naka, Kado, Kadomaru, Wakadayu and Takeda stood side by side.

その後は花形役者として道頓堀の大芝居で活躍、「名人延若、上手宗十郎　業物右團次」と呼ばれ、この「延宗右」で芸を競い合った。
He performed well as a top-billed performer on the big stage in Dotonbori and people called him 'master Enjaku, superior Sojuro, sharp like katana Udanji' so this 'Ensou' competed with each other.

岡山県出身の作家内田百間の『汽笛一声』で、この事件を元に「鴨方の大尉殺し」という芝居が仕組まれていたとの記載があるという。
'Kiteki Issei' by the writer Hyakken UCHIDA from Okayama Prefecture included a content that a play, 'Kamogata no Taii Goroshi' (Murder of a Senior Lieutenant in Kamogata) had created based on the case.

背景の事情：江戸中村座の芝居茶屋・和泉屋勘十郎の子として生まれる（ただし実は市川團十郎 (2代目)の実子だったともいう）。
Background: He was born to the tea room of Kanjuro IZUMIYA attached to Edo's Nakamura-za theater, although it was said that he was really the son of Danjuro ICHIKAWA (II).

それらの弁当は、芝居の幕間（まくあい）・幕の内に観客が食べるものなので、いつしか「幕の内弁当」と呼ばれるようになったとされる。
The bento were eaten during the intermission, makuai or makunouchi in Japanese, which resulted in the name 'Makunouchi-bento.'

解散後の中根は、有馬や小崎とともに、妻の女優泉春子の実家を頼って佐賀県唐津町（現在の唐津市）へと流れ、浪花節芝居の一座に入った。
After the production was closed down, Nakane stayed at his wife's parents' home (the actress, Haruko IZUMI) in Karatsu-cho, Saga Prefecture (present-day Karatsu City) with Arima and Ozaki and joined the Hanabushi Shibai (Hanabushi Play) troupe.

この御飯にタレが染込んだ味はこの芝居町で大人気となり、葺屋町にある大野屋が「元祖鰻めし」という看板で売り出したのが最初だと言う。
The taste of boiled rice with the tare sauce seeped in it became so popular in the Shibai-cho area, and it is said that Onoya in Fukiya-cho as the origin started selling it under the catch phrase, 'Ganso Unagi-meshi' (the originator of a dish of broiled eel on boiled rice).

振付師としての地位を築いた壽輔は、ひとつの芝居における振付全てを自分ひとりで請け負い、さらに音楽などの演出も担当する形を取った。
Jusuke, who had built a strong position as a choreographer, worked on all the choreography for a stage and also stage effects such as music.

『楼門五三桐』（さんもんごさんのきり）は、安永7 (1778年) 年4月大阪角の芝居で初演された、初代並木五瓶作の歌舞伎の演目。
'Sanmon Gosan-no-kiri' is the gedai (title) of a kabuki that was written by Gohei NAMIKI (the first) and first performed at Kado-za Theatre of Osaka in April, 1778.

備考：天保の改革のあおりで江戸所払いになった七代目が「幡谷重蔵」（はたやしげぞう）の名で大坂・角の芝居の舞台にたって演じたもの。
Notes: Danjuro ICHIKAWA VII who was banished from Edo in the Tempo reform performed at the Kado-Za in Osaka by the name of 'Shigezo HATAYA.'

こうした芝居茶屋のあらましや、出された献立などは、いくつかの日記や書簡にその詳細が書き残されており、往事の様子を偲ぶことができる。
A number of diaries and letters describing sketches of these tea rooms as well as the menus served remain to remind us of the scenes of the past.

昭和40年代頃まで盛んに行われていた紙芝居には水飴が付き物で、子供たちが水飴を割り箸で攪拌して遊びながら、おやつとして食べていた。
Mizuame came with the kamishibai (picture-story show) that had been popular until the 1970s, and children played with mizuame by stirring it with throwaway chopsticks and ate it as a snack.

ただ、時にはその古風な芸が共演者と合わず芝居のアンサンブルを乱す事もあり関係者から敬遠され、柄に合わない役や端役に廻されたりした。
However, since his antique performance sometimes didn't match with other co-actors, and disturbed the ensemble of kabuki plays, he was often kept at a distance by related people, and forced to act a character which would not suit to his style, or a bit part

東京のど真ん中の交差点の中央でカメラが360度パンし交差点の全ての方向から芝居のタイミングに合わせて必要な劇用車が来るなどさせた。
He panned a camera 360 degrees at the center of a crossing in central Tokyo, and made cars for the shot run from all directions in accordance with the necessity of the story.

このため自然その子弟が芝居小屋に出入りするようになり、そうした者のなかには芸に目覚てそのまま役者になってしまう者も珍しくはなかった。
As a result, naturally the children of the tea rooms had access to the theaters and it wasn't unusual for these children to learn the art and become actors themselves.

そして続く9年の間、わたしはひたすらあちこちさまよい続け、世界という劇場で上演される芝居の役者となるおりも観客となり続けようとした。
And, during the nine subsequent years, I did nothing but roam from one place to another, desirous of being a spectator rather than an actor in the plays exhibited on the theater of the world;

その後、母親が洛西に「千本座」という小劇場（後の千本日活）を手に入れると、そこの経営を手伝いながら、時折高座で義太夫や芝居を披露した。
Later, he helped his mother run the 'Senbonza' (later, Senbon Nikkatsu), a small theater she had acquired in the western suburbs of Kyoto and, from time to time, performed gidayu and acting.

松本幸四郎 (9代目)は「自分が子役で出た頃（第二次大戦後）は、「寺子屋」等子供が犠牲になる芝居では観客がよく泣いたのを不思議に思った。
Koshiro MATSUMOTO (ninth generation) stated, 'I used to wonder why guests cried during plays such as 'Terakoya' where children were sacrificed when I performed as a child (after the World War II).

この時期の猥雑、土俗的で血みどろの芝居絵は特に人気が高く、現在も赤岡では毎年7月に各家が屏風絵を開陳する「土佐赤岡絵金祭り」が開かれている。
The jumbling, provincial and gory shibai-e paintings produced during this period were especially popular, and the neighbors of Akaoka still hold the 'Tosa Akaoka Ekin Festival' every year in July, to exhibit his paintings owned by each house on folding screens.

広重の作品研究に利用されているほか、甲府での芝居見物や接待された料理屋の記録など、近世甲府城下町の実態を知る記録資料としても重視されている。
It is used for the study of Hiroshige's works and also regarded as an important record of the actual situation of Kofu Castle Town in the Edo period, for its descriptions about a play viewing in Kofu, a restaurant where he was entertained, and so on.

いわゆる講談や講釈で知られるようになった「大久保彦左衛門と一心太助の物語」は鶴屋南北の弟子・河竹黙阿弥が書いた歌舞伎芝居に脚色してからである。
Story of Hikozaemon OKUBO and Isshin-Tasuke' came to be known in kodan storytelling or koshaku narration after the dramatization for Kabuki (traditional performing art) play written by Mokuami KAWATAKE, a pupil of Nanboku TSURUYA.

ただし、華やかな装飾や「後れ毛」は芝居・舞台用のアレンジであり、実際の武家の姫君は銀・べっこう細工の櫛・こうがい等のみで地味であったといわれる。
However, it is said that the gorgeous decoration and 'loose hair' are arrangements for plays and dramas, and actual ladies of samurai families were modest, wearing only silverwork/tortoiseshell work combs and Kogai (one of hair ornaments for women in the Edo period).

俺はいつも電車でどこかへ、なあ、連れ出しては電車賃を払うわ、楽団や劇場の芝居に連れて行くわ、チョコレートや菓子を買ってやるわ、何やかやだったな。
I used to take them out, man, on the tram somewhere and pay the tram or take them to a band or a play at the theatre or buy them chocolate and sweets or something that way.

芝居茶屋の食事は芝居見物の楽しみの一つで、この日ばかりは下は庶民から上は大名に至るまで、できる限りの大判振る舞いをして各茶屋自慢の味を堪能した。
The meals served in the theater tea rooms were part of the attraction of watching the theater and on these days people from all walks of life from commoners to feudal lords dined lavishly, enjoying the specialty cuisine of each tea room.

日本では、幽霊の描写として『乱れ髪に天冠（三角頭巾）、死装束の足がない女性』という、芝居やお化け屋敷などでの典型的な姿でイメージされることが多い。
In Japan, people commonly have an image of a yurei as a woman without legs wearing a tenkan (triangle hood) over her disheveled hair and a white kimono (which samurai wore to commit harakiri in feudal Japan), and this is the most typical figure shown in theaters or haunted houses.

地歌は劇場のような広い場所での演奏でなく、また芝居や舞踊の伴奏ではない純粋な音楽として、音に注意を集中し、室内でじっくりと音色を味わうからである。
Jiuta is enjoyed as a pure music, focusing on the sound and savoring the quality of the sound within the room, instead of as an accompaniment to a play or a dance performed in a large venue such as a theater.

単に「大道具！」と掛かることもあるが、江戸の芝居の大道具は代々「長谷川勘兵衛」が受け持っていたので、その姓をとって「長谷川！」と掛けることが多い。
Simple kakegoe 'O-dogu' (sceneshifters) is allowed, however, another kakegoe 'Hasegawa' is often heard since the sceneshifters' names had been 'Kanbei HASEGAWA' for generations during the Edo period.

劇場は、掛け声をかける者の一部に、掛け声の会に所属することを条件に木戸御免（きどごめん：芝居などに料金を払わず入れること）の許可証を発行している。
Some audiences practicing kakegoe are given a free pass 'kido-gomen' on condition the audience has to belong to a kakegoe society ('kakegoe no kai').

江戸芝居町（浅草の江戸三座猿若町）に住み、その居宅内には、一般の人々と、役者衆とを分けた稽古舞台、更にお浚いができる舞台と合計三つの舞台があった。
She lived in Edo Shibai-cho (drama town, specifically, Saruwaka-cho, Asakusa where Edo Sanza [three licensed kabuki theaters in Edo] stood), and in that residence were three stages in all: a stage which general people used to train themselves, a stage which actors used to train themselves, and a stage which they were able to use to have a run-through.

戦前の紙芝居や戦後の漫画産業の振興や昭和40年代（1970年前後）まで続いた貸本屋、テレビ放送の普及などもその認知やある意味での親近感につながっている。
Pre-war picture-story shows and post-war promotion of comic book industry, rental bookstores that were in existence until about 1970 as well as the spread of television broadcasting had something to do with their recognition, and in a way, their familiarization.

四条道場金蓮寺 (京都市)などの、寺町通沿いの寺院の境内が、縁日の舞台として利用されるようになり、裏寺町通にも見世物小屋や芝居小屋が見られるようになった。
Temple precincts including Shijo-dojo Konren-ji Temple (Kyoto City) which was along Teramachi-dori Street were used as a booth during fairs, causing show tents and small theaters to show up on Uraderamachi-dori Street as well.

落語の「七段目」は、芝居好きの若旦那が丁稚と二階の部屋で平右衛門とおかるの件を演じ、丁稚が階段から落ちて「怪我はないか」「なあに、七段目」と下げる芝居噺。
Rakugo 'Shichidanme' is a shibai-banashi (rakugo story based on kabuki) in which a servant boy and his young master, who likes kabuki, play the roles of Okaru and Heiemon respectively, in a room on the second floor, then the servant boy falls down the stairs, the young master says, 'Are you all right?' and the servant boy replies, 'I am all right, I only fell down from shichidanme' (seventh step on the stairs).

深川二軒茶屋では、源五兵衛の百両を巻き上げるために、賤ヶ谷伴右衛門に扮する勘九郎と、小万や菊野、小万の兄の役をする伊之助などが一芝居を打つ準備を進めている。
In Niken-jaya Tea House (a nightclub for guiding customers to brothels) of Fukagawa, Banemon SHIZUGAYA (Kankuro's disguise), Koman, Kikuno, and Inosuke who is going to be pretend to be her brother, are planning to put on an act for cheating Gengobe out of the 100 ryo.

芸事が好きで踊りや三味線を習い、家を出て旅役者の一座に入り、嵐亀蔵と名乗り伊勢から名古屋で舞台に立つうち、来合わせた大坂の芝居関係者に見いだされて大坂に行く。
He loved the arts and learned dance, shamisen (a three-stringed Japanese banjo), joined an itinerant actors troupe leaving his home and called himself Kamezo ARASHI and while he was acting on stage from Ise Province to Nagoya, he was discovered by theater officials who happened to see his play and in Osaka.

このような方法を取らずに、現実の空を使って役者の芝居、カット数もある夜明けシーンを撮ろうとしても、一瞬で空は明るくなってしまうため現実問題として不可能である。
It is actually impossible to shoot many cuts at dawn with a real sky because dawn breaks in a minute.

地方の人形芝居や祭りの囃子など民俗芸能に使われることもあり、かつて地方によっては農民の冬の副業として、また瞽女（ごぜ）によって、門付として演奏されることもあった。
Kokyu is sometimes used in traditional local attractions, such as puppet shows and hayashi (music performed with traditional Japanese instruments for making the atmosphere cheerful) in festivals, and in some areas, Kokyu was played in the past by farmers as one of their side jobs or by Goze (blind female musicians) as Kadotsuke (performance in front of the gate of houses).

控櫓（ひかえやぐら）とは、江戸時代に江戸幕府公認の芝居小屋（本櫓）が経営難などで興行が出来なくなった場合に、興行権を譲り受けて劇場運営を代行した座元のことである。
Hikae yagura is Zamoto (leaders of theatrical companies) which took over the performance rights and ran the theaters on behalf of the playhouses (Hon yagura [the three licensed theaters, Edo Sanza]) authorized by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) because the playhouses could not give any performance due to financial woes etc. in the Edo period.

「落とし噺」や「人情噺」が素で上演されるのに対して、芝居のような書割や音曲を利用し、場合によっては演者が立って芝居のごとき見得をしたりする演目を「芝居噺」という。
Otoshi-banashi and ninjo-banashi are both performed simply by talking, but in contrast shibai-banashi are staged like a shibai (theatrical performance or play), in which a kakiwari (stage setting) and music are used, and occasionally the performer may stands up and pose as part of the performance.

前名の三代目中村鴈治郎（さんだいめなかむらがんじろう）としても知られ、その芸風は和事や家の芸はもちろん、立役でも女方でも芝居の巧さと独特の雰囲気に定評がある。
He was also famous by his former stage name, Ganjiro NAKAMURA III; he has established a reputation for skillful acting and the unique atmosphere he achieves when he acts as both a man and a woman, not to mention his acting in love scenes and his family's traditional acting.

本作は上演すれば必ず大入り満員御礼となる演目として有名で、かつては不況だったり劇場が経営難に陥ったりしたときの特効薬として「芝居の独参湯」と呼ばれることもあったほど。
This program is famous as a play that consistently draws big crowds every time it is performed, and it was once called 'shibai no dokujinto of theater' (medicinal bath for theaters) because it was an effective remedy for theaters facing financial difficulties.

千秋楽の日の舞台は歌舞伎などにおいては役者のふざけや冗談が許されるという不文律があり、芝居の流れを壊さない程度で、しゃれやいたずらを用意して共演者をからかうこともある。
In kabuki, there was an unwritten rule that performers can banter and joke with one another onstage on the senshuraku day, and they sometimes mock other performers by preparing puns and mischief in advance, but only to the extent that it won't hinder the flow of the play.

後に「あのような作法をどこで学んだのか」と訪ねられたとき、「愛宕の小屋で忠臣蔵の芝居を見て、赤穂城明け渡しの部分をそっくり真似ただけだ」と答えたという逸話が残っている。
There was an episode that when he was asked later, 'Where have you learned such manners?,' he replied, 'I watched Chushingura in a theater house in Atago, so I just imitated the scene of the surrender and evacuation of Ako Castle.'

アートコンプレックス1928の名前は、芝居、音楽、ダンス、など様々なジャンル、芸術性、エンターテイメント性をコンプレックス（複合）したものを発信していきたいということから。
The name of ART COMPLEX 1928 is used intending to generate and spread complex products of various art genres, such as plays, music and dance, various artistic and entertainment characteristics.

歌舞伎の正月とされる11月を前に地震が発生し興行が中止となったことも、芝居絵による収入を当てにしていた版元には打撃であり、鯰絵が大量に発行された背景の一つと考えられている。
One of the factors behind the issuing of many namazu-e was that the earthquake occurred just before a canceled November performance of kabuki which was to open the year's kabuki season was canceled and this caused damage to publishers who expected income from shibai-e (drawing kabuki as subject matter).

『忠臣蔵』などの芝居に由来する通説では、院使饗応役の伊達左京亮が黄金100枚、狩野探幽の絵などを吉良上野介へ進物をしたのに対して、潔癖な浅野内匠頭は鰹節2本しか贈らなかった。
According to a popular theory originated in the play 'Chushingura,' Sakyonosuke DATE, who was in charge of attending to Inshi (a messenger from the Retired Emperor), sent 100 pieces of gold and Tanyu KANO's paintings to Kira Kozuke no Suke, whereas he sent two dried bonito to Asano Takumi no Kami, since he was known to be scrupulous.

本来「落語」とは落語家が行う演目（ネタ）のなかでも滑稽を中心とし、落ちを持つ「落とし噺」（おとしばなし）のことを指したが、現在では人情噺・芝居噺をも含めた総称として用いられる。
Originally, rakugo referred to otoshi-banashi, performances which were humorous and had a punchline, but at present, rakugo is used as a general term which includes otoshi-banashi, ninjo-banashi (a story with human interest), and shibai-banashi (a story with an element of drama).

当初「中村勘三郎」は江戸三座の一つ・中村座の座元（座を主宰し芝居小屋を経営する者）の名跡だったが、後代になると座元が役者に転じたり、逆に役者が座元を兼ねたりすることが多くなる。
Kanzaburo NAKAMURA' was initially a professional name of Zamoto (leader and manager of a theatrical company) of Nakamura-za Theater, which was one of Edo's three licensed kabuki theaters, but in later ages, Zamoto often became actors, or actors additionally became Zamoto.

前髪には金箔などを漉き入れた染め紙、左右にびらびら簪という金属の小片を鎖で下げた簪に、「姫挿し」といわれる芝居の姫の役などに見られる大きな金属の造花を飾りつけた髪飾りを装着する。
Attached to maegami (cornered forelocks) are somegami (dyed paper) containing gold leaf, etc., a kanzashi, which hangs tiny metal pieces with chains, called birabira-kanzasi (kanzashi with ornament hanging) on the both sides, and a hair ornament decorated with large metal artificial flowers called 'hime-sashi' which princesses wear in dramas.

文才もあり、主な著書には「菅原と忠臣蔵」「夏祭と伊勢音頭」「とうざいとうざい」｢十一代目片岡仁左衛門」「嵯峨談語」「仁左衛門楽我記」「芝居譚」「忘れられている先祖の供養」などがある。
He was also an excellent writer whose representative books include 'SUGAWARA to Chushingura (SUGAWARA and Chushingura),' 'Natsu-matsuri to Ise-ondo (summer festivals and Ise-ondo song),' 'Touzai-touzai (ladies and gentlemen, welcome),' 'Nizaemon KATAOKA XI,' 'Saga-dango (episodes of the Saga area),' 'Nizaemon-rakugaki (Nizaemon's graffiti),' 'Shibai-tan (episodes of stage acting)' and 'Wasurerareteiru-senzo-no-kuyo (forgotten memorial services for the ancestors).'

背景の事情：市川團十郎 (5代目)の実子だが、庶子だったため、いったん五代目の従弟にあたる中村座の芝居茶屋・和泉屋勘十郎の養子となり、後改めて五代目團十郎の養子となって市川宗家を継いだ。
Background: He was the child of Danjuro ICHIKAWA (V) however as he was illegitimate, he was adopted for a while by his father's cousin Kanjuro of the Izumiya tea room affiliated with the Nakamura-za theater, and then later on was adopted by Danjuro ICHIKAWA (V) and succeeded to the Ichikawa lineage.

父の海老屋伊三郎とともに紺屋を生業としていたが、生来の芝居好きのため狂言作者を志して安永5年 (1777) 初代桜田治助の門に入り、のち金井三笑、並木五瓶、中村重助、増山金八らに師事する。
He operated a dyer's shop with his father Isaburo EBIYA, but he loved plays so much that he intended to be a playwright; at last, he became a disciple of Jisuke SAKURADA, and later practiced under Sansho KANAI, Gohei NAMIKI, Jusuke NAKAMURA, and Kinpachi MASUYAMA.

仲間事は『公事方御定書』に「連判証文有之諸請負徳用割合請取候定・芝居木戸銭・無尽金」と定義されているように共同事業・無尽・芝居木戸銭・遊女揚代など仲間内部における利益分配を巡る訴訟を指した。
As it was defined in Kujigata-osadamegaki (the law of Edo bakufu) that 連判証文有之諸請負徳用割合請取候定・芝居木戸銭・無尽金, nakamagoto referred to suits concerning profit-sharing inside a group such as joint enterprise, mutual loan association, admission of play, fee of prostitute and so on.

菊五郎の自伝によれば、芝居の関係者の直助と言う男が、歌川国貞画の錦絵を見せに来たら、自分自身が弁天小僧の扮装で抜き身の刀を床に突き刺して酒を飲む絵柄だったので、早速河竹新七に脚色を依頼したとある。
The autobiography of Kikugoro mentioned that a man involved in play whose name was Naosuke visited Kikugoro to show nishiki-e (a color woodblock print) drawn by Kunisada UTAGAWA which showed that Kikugoro himself was disguised as Bentenkozo stick a bare sword into a floor and drank sake, and Kikugoro immediately asked Shinshichi KAWATAKE to adapt it.

「団七の役は夏芝居らしくサッパリとしている中に、上方の芝居らしい粘りと曲な動きの面白みを見せなければならず・・・住吉前（鳥居前）の牢払いのむさくるしい姿から、二度目の床屋から出る浴衣姿との対照が。
The role of Danshichi should show tenacity of kamigata plays and interest in movement of songs while being fresh because it's a summer play … The contrast from a dowdy figure of temporary release from a prison in Sumiyoshimae (Toriimae) to a figure wearing Yukata coming out from the second barber.

かつて入江ぷろだくしょんに雇われ、名匠と呼ばれるきっかけを作った恩人でもあった入江たか子に対してすら、『楊貴妃』の際「化け猫ばかりやってるからそんな芸格のない芝居しか出来ないのだ」と満座の中で罵倒している。
When directing 'Yokihi,' Mizoguchi even insulted in front of the crowd Takako IRIE, his old supporter who had hired him to work at Irie Production and paved the way for his being called a great director, by saying 'You can't act gracefully because you have been playing cat monsters too much.'

詞の内容は遊里物・遊女物（遊里のお色気を扱ったもの）、慕情物・情痴物（市井のお色気を扱ったもの）、芝居物・役者物（芝居や役者を題材にするもの）、バレ唄（諷刺・洒脱のきいたもの）、田舎唄（民謡系）などがある。
There exist various lyrics, such as yuri mono (also called yujo mono, the song of love affairs in the red-light district), bojo mono (also called jochi mono, the song of love affairs of the public), shibai mono (the song featuring a drama), yakusha mono (the song featuring an actor), bareuta (the song that has a satirical or sophisticated flavor), and inakauta (a traditional folk song and the like).

江戸時代には昌泰の変を題材にした芝居、『天神記』『菅原伝授手習鑑』『天満宮菜種御供』等が上演され、特に『菅原伝授手習鑑』は人形浄瑠璃・歌舞伎で上演されて大当たりとなり、義太夫狂言の三大名作のうちの一つとされる。
In the Edo period, plays based on the Shotai Incident, such as 'Tenjin-ki,' 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami' (Sugawara's secrets of calligraphy), and 'Tenmangu Natane no Goku,' were performed, with 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami' in particular performed as Ningyo Joruri (puppet drama) and Kabuki, becoming a big hit and it is regarded as one of the most outstanding Gidayu Kyogen (comic drama).

人形浄瑠璃、歌舞伎の仮名手本忠臣蔵では、赤穂浪士事件を直接描けず、舞台を室町時代に変えてこの事件を描いているが、巷間に流布した塩冶高貞とその妻顔世御前、そして高師直にまつわる物語を芝居の発端として取り入れている。
'Kanadehon chushingura'(Revenge of the Forty-Seven Ronin) of Ningyojoruri (Japanese puppet show) and Kabuki (Japanese classical drama) could not directly portray the incident of Forty-Seven Ronin, Ako Roshi that the setting was changed to the Muromachi period to portray this incident, but incorporated the story of KO no Moronao by introducing Takasada ENYA and his wife, Kaoyo Gozen (Lady Kaoyo), who wandered in streets, at the beginning of the play.

これを紙芝居やキセルの修理屋などのほかの商売の客寄せとして行うこともあれば、職人芸を見世物として独立させ、切り絵のようにその場で客の要望によって作っていくことにより、動物や花などを目の前で仕上げ、楽しませる商売となった。
They sometimes did it for snaring customers of the other merchants such as Kamishibai (picture-story show) or repairers of kiseru and so on, or did it independently as a show of craftsmanship, where they made candies on the spot following the customer's request like the art of paper-cutting and shaped the forms of animals or flowers and so on in front of them and became an entertaining business.

大向う（大向こう、おおむこう）とは、芝居小屋の三階正面席、またそこに坐る客を指す隠語・通言（現在の歌舞伎座では、構造上三階Ｂ席から幕見席あたりを指すものとして理解されている。）、つまり大向うとは、舞台上から見た客席の位置に由来する。
O-muko (written as '大向う' or '大向こう'; literally, 'the welcome other side') comes originally from seats seen from the stage, and at present, it is used as a term referring to the front seats of the third floor of theatres and to the audience at those seats (in present Kabuki-za Theatre of Tokyo, it refers to the seats for b-class tickets and the seats on the highest balcony for a single act).

歌舞伎では、芝居が始まったときは舞台に薄茶の布がしかれて陸地が表現されているのが、最後に俊寛が岩山に登るシーンでこの布が取られ、芝居が一瞬にして海へと転じ、同時に岩山がぐるりと回って俊寛が客席の方を向くという効果的な演出になっている。
In Kabuki, the stage was covered in a light brown cloth to express the land at the beginning of the play, while the cloth was removed and the stage immediately turned out to be the sea when Shunkan climbed on a rock turning to the audience in the last scene, which brought about a great producing effect.

高知城下を離れて町医者から弘瀬姓を買い取った後の足取りには不明な点が多いが、慶応年間より叔母を頼って赤岡町（現・香南市）に定住し「町絵師・金蔵」を名乗り、地元の農民や漁民に頼まれるがままに芝居絵や台提灯絵、絵馬、凧絵などを数多く描いた。
There remains many unknown points about his life after leaving the castle town of Kochi-jo Castle and changing his name to Hirose by purchasing a name from a town doctor; yet it is known that he resorted his aunt and settled down in Akaoka town (present-day Konan City) from the Keio era, called himself by the name of 'Kinzo the painter for townspeople,' and left many paintings in the form of shibai-e (pictures of kabuki plays) or pictures for standing lanterns, ema (a votive horse tablet) or kites, whenever he was asked by local peasants or fishermen.

明和 (1764–71) の記録によると、江戸三座堺町・葺屋町の芝居町では、中村座が大茶屋16軒と小茶屋15軒を従え、市村座が大茶屋10軒と小茶屋15軒を従え、一方江戸三座木挽町の芝居町では、森田座が大茶屋7軒を従えて、それぞれ盛況だったという。
According to records from 1764-1771, at the theater district around Edo's three licensed theaters in Sakai-cho and Fukiya-cho, the Nakamura-za theater was surrounded by 16 oojaya (large tea rooms) and 15 kojaya (smaller tea rooms), the Ichimura-za theater had 10 oojaya and 15 kojaya and Morita-za theater had 7 oojaya and they all did roaring trade.

ただ大芝居の役者がランク下の浜芝居に出るようになって芝居の品格が低下したり、有能な狂言作者が出ず、演目の内容が同じ種目の書き換えや浜芝居の人気狂言の上演、さらには趣向中心のレビュー形式の狂言になるなど独創性に欠けるなど、江戸歌舞伎との質の差が逆転する。
However, the difference in quality with Edo Kabuki was reversed as actors of oshibai performed in lower-ranked hamashibai, decreasing the dignity of the plays, and capable Kabuki playwrights did not appear, which resulted in the rewriting of titles with same content and representation of popular plays of hamashibai, and originality was lacking as revue-style plays emphasized variety.

しかし、竹生島に幽閉された久政が、長政や長政派の家臣たちと和解したという形で小谷城に帰還していることからすると、この家督移譲劇は、浅井家中にある久政に対する不満を長政に家督を譲ることで沈静化させ、家臣団の結束を高めるための芝居に過ぎなかったとみることができる。
Taking account of the fact that Hisamasa incarcerated in Chikubu Island returned to Odani-jo Castle under reconciliation with Nagamasa and his vassals, this transfer incident may be regarded as only a play to closely unite the vassals by releasing dissatisfaction with Hisamasa that was growing in the Azai family through the transfer of the head position to Nagamasa.

あの芝居の始まる前に、ハムレットの阿父さんは死んだのだということを充分に呑み込んでいなければ、阿父さんが夜毎に、東風に乗じて、自分の城壁の上をふらふらさまよい歩いたのは、誰か他の中年の紳士が文字通りにその弱い子息の心を脅かしてやるために、日が暮れてから微風の吹く所へ
If we were not perfectly convinced that Hamlet's Father died before the play began, there would be nothing more remarkable in his taking a stroll at night, in an easterly wind, upon his own ramparts, than there would be in any other middle-aged gentleman rashly turning out after dark in a breezy spot

特に重要な作品として、安永6年（1777年）4月大坂中の芝居で上演された歌舞伎「伽羅先代萩」（奈河亀輔ほか作）と、翌安永7年（1778年）7月江戸中村座で上演された歌舞伎「伊達競阿国戯場」（桜田治助・笠縫専助合作）、さらに天明5年（1785年）江戸結城座で上演された人形浄瑠璃「伽羅先代萩」（松貫四ほか作）の3作が挙げられる。
There were three particularly important plays among them: a Kabuki play 'Meiboku Sendai Hagi' (written by Kamesuke NAGAWA and others) performed during April 1777 at Naka no Shibai (the Naka-za Theater) in Osaka, Kabuki play 'Date Kurabe Okuni Kabuki' (Competition of the Date Clan in Okuni Kabuki) (written by a collaboration of Jisuke SAKURADA and Sensuke KASANUI) performed during July 1778 at the Nakamura-za Theater in Edo, and Ningyo Joruri play 'Meiboku Sendai Hagi' (written by Kanshi MATSU and others) performed during 1785 at the Yuki-za Theater in Edo.

だが「現在この有様上方を捨てては、片岡家の先祖は言うに及ばず、何代かかって上方の芝居をここまで築き上げてきた先輩たちにこれほど申し訳ないことはないではないか。何としても上方の灯は守らなければ。」（片岡仁左衛門著「役者七十年」1976年朝日新聞社）とあるように、切実な関西歌舞伎の愛惜と先祖への思いとが「それでも駄目なら歌舞伎と心中しよう。」（同上）という悲壮な決心に向かったのである。
He also wrote, however, that 'If I gave up Kamigata in its present state, I would not have any excuse not only to the ancestors of the Kataoka family but also to my predecessors who had built up shibai (drama) in Kamigata up until now. By all means, I had to protect Kamigata Kabuki shibai.' ('Yakusha nanajunen (literally, seventy years as an actor)' by Nizaemon KATAOKA; published by The Asahi Shimbun Company), and his heart-felt sorrow for kabuki and his thoughts for his ancestors instilled in him the tragic but brave thought that 'If failed, I will die with kabuki.'(ibid.).

では、政治向。おまちなさいよ――新聞種（しんぶんだね）だ――のちほどゆっくり読んだらわかるさ。ここでしゃべると、業務の妨害、晩のごはんのたのしみなくなる。そんならお芝居――初演の新作。おこのみ流行。いけない、これは――支配人とけんかだ。そこでじぶんの身の上のこと、たれしもこれが、いちばん気になる。それはみえます――だがまあいえない、いずれそのときにゃ、しぜんと分かる。ここにはいるひと、たれがいちばんしあわせものか。いちばんしあわせもの。そりゃあ、まあ、わかります。さようさ、それは――いや、まあ、ごえんりょ申しましょう。こりゃあ、がっかりなさる方がおおかろう。では、どなたがいちばん長生きなさるか、こちらの殿方か、あちらの奥さまか、いや、こんなこと申さば、なおさらごめいわく。すると、これか――いや、だめだ――あれか――だめだな、さあ、あれもと――どうしていいか、さっぱりわからん。なにしろ、どなたかのごきげんにさわります。いっそ、皆さまのお心のなか、それなら目がねも見とおしだ。皆さん、かんがえていますね。いや、なにかのぞんでおいでかな。くだらなすぎるというように。きさま、あんまりばかばかしいぞ、くだらぬおしゃべりもうやめろ、それが一致のごいけんならばはいはいやめます、だまります。
'A certain person had an aunt, who boasted of particular skill in fortune-telling with cards, and who was constantly being stormed by persons that wanted to have a peep into futurity. But she was full of mystery about her art, in which a certain pair of magic spectacles did her essential service. Her nephew, a merry boy, who was his aunt's darling, begged so long for these spectacles, that, at last, she lent him the treasure, after having informed him, with many exhortations, that in order to execute the interesting trick, he need only repair to some place where a great many persons were assembled; and then, from a higher position, whence he could overlook the crowd, pass the company in review before him through his spectacles.Immediately 'the inner man' of each individual would be displayed before him, like a game of cards, in which he unerringly might read what the future of every person presented was to be. Well pleased the little magician hastened away to prove the powers of the spectacles in the theatre; no place seeming to him more fitted for such a trial. He begged permission of the worthy audience, and set his spectacles on his nose. A motley phantasmagoria presents itself before him, which he describes in a few satirical touches, yet without expressing his opinion openly: he tells the people enough to set them all thinking and guessing; but in order to hurt nobody, he wraps his witty oracular judgments in a transparent veil, or rather in a lurid thundercloud, shooting forth bright sparks of wit, that they may fall in the powder-magazine of the expectant audience.'