至: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 夏至
- summer solstice
- Geshi
- midsummer
- Xiazhi
- 朔旦冬至
- Sakutan Toji (Toji that falls on November 1 in old lunar calendar and occurs every 19 years)
- 滋陰至宝湯
- jiin-shiho-to
- TJ-92
- 今に至る。
- And they have kept their lives as such until today.
- 知恩院勢至堂
- Seishido hall of Chionin Temple
- 今日に至る。
- The clan is still in existence today.
- 制定に至る経緯
- Details of the Legislation
- 戦いに至るまで
- The Process leading to the Battle
- 憲法制定に至るまで
- Background of establishment of the constitution
- 高橋至時-高橋景保
- Yoshitoki TAKAHASHI - Kageyasu TAKAHASHI
- - 大伯海に至る。
- - Reached Ookuno Umi Sea.
- その後破産に至る。
- Later it went bankrupt.
- 崩御に至るまでの経緯
- How the emperor passed away
- 冬至(12月22日)
- Winter solstice (December 22)
- 戦いに至るまでの情勢
- Situations leading to the Battle
- 至要雑事(5~10巻)
- Shiyo zatsuji (miscellaneous matters about essentials) (5 to 10 volumes)
- 義朝と常胤の寄進の四至
- Shishi (the northern, southern, eastern, and western boundaries of a tract of land) of the donations of Yoshitomo and Tsunetane
- 我軍の窮迫、此に至る。
- Our forces are placed in an extremely difficult situation here.
- 明治に至り侯爵となる。
- The family became a marquis in the Meiji period.
- そして現在に至っている。
- Since then, it has existed until now.
- 大雪 → 冬至 → 小寒
- Toji is after the Taisetsu (the heavy snow season) and followed by Shokan.
- 四条大宮駅→(至西院駅)
- Shijo-Omiya Station - (to/from Saiin Station)
- 明治に至り子爵とされた。
- During the early Meiji period, the family was given the title of viscount.
- シテ 百官卿相に至るまで。
- Shite: Many officials, ministers, and aristocrats crowded around.
- 6月21日 - 夏至(げし)
- June 21, Geshi (the summer solstice)
- 「至って汚き人物の物なり。」
- This is a food of an extremely dirty person.'
- 人々は「至徳天皇」と呼んだ。
- People called her 'Shitoku Emperor' (meaning the most competent emperor).
- 太秦天神川駅 →(至二条駅)
- Uzumasa Tenjingawa Station - (to/from Nijo Station)
- 清孝に至って明治維新を迎えた。
- During the era of Kiyotaka, Meiji Restoration came.
- 中世に至るまで盛んに行われた。
- The horse racing was actively held till the Medieval Period.
- 京都駅 → (至大和西大寺駅)
- Kyoto Station - (to/from Yamato-Saidaiji Station)
- 臣下からは「至尊」とも称された。
- Vassals also called him 'Shison.'
- 重い懲戒処分に至った原因である。
- This caused the police station to take severe disciplinary action on the captain.
- 12月22日 - 冬至(とうじ)
- December 22, Toji (the winter solstice)
- (これを臨時朔旦冬至と呼んだ。)
- (This type of Sakutan Toji was called Rinji Sakutan Toji [casual Sakutan Toji]).
- 木津川市に至り、再び北へ向かう。
- The river turns north at Kizugawa City, again.
- そこで北京故宮に帰り、現在に至る。
- Then, sekko returned to Gu-gong in Beijing and preserved there until present.
- 平氏軍は敗北し、一門は滅亡に至る。
- The Taira clan lost the battle, which resulted in the clan's destruction.
- 貞置家は高家旗本として幕末に至る。
- The Sadaoki family lasted until the end of the Edo period as Koke-Hatamoto.
- 冬至の期間の七十二候は以下の通り。
- The following are the divisions of Shichijuni-ko that fall into the Toji period.
- そして、朔旦冬至は盛大に祝われた。
- And Sakutan Toji was splendidly celebrated.
- 10月中旬に至って交渉は妥結した。
- The negotiations came to a settlement in the middle of October.
- (至京都駅)←山科駅→(至敦賀駅)
- (from/to Kyoto Station) - Yamashina Station - (from/to Tsuruga Station)
- (至京都駅)←山科駅→(至米原駅)
- (from/to Kyoto Station) - Yamashina Station - (from/to Maibara Station)
- その時の脚本が固定されて現在に至る。
- The scenario at that time was fixed, and it has been used up to now.
- その結果大蔵宗家は断絶するに至った。
- As a result, the Okura head family became extinct.
- 冬至(とうじ)は、二十四節気の一つ。
- Toji (the winter solstice) is one of Nijushi-sekki (the 24 divisions of the solar year).
- 朔旦冬至が正確に19年周期で訪れる。
- Sakutan Toji comes around in an exact 19-year cycle.
- ここに至り北条は家康との講和を決意。
- At this point, Hojo finally determined to make peace with Ieyasu.
- 京都駅 → (至木津駅 (京都府))
- Kyoto Station - (to/from Kizu Station (Kyoto Prefecture))
- (至京都駅)←西大路駅→(至大阪駅)
- (from/to Kyoto Station)- Nishi-Oji Station - (from/to Osaka Stations)
- この家は明治に至り子爵を授けられる。
- This family was appointed viscount during the Meiji period.
- 馬駐に至る前に落馬すれば負けとなった。
- When the jockey fell from his horse before the goal, he became the loser.
- (戦後は生き残って蜂須賀至鎮に仕えた)
- (He survived the Battle of Sekigahara, after which he served Yoshishige HACHISUKA.)
- 京都駅 - 丹波口駅 → (至園部駅)
- Kyoto Station - Tanbaguchi Station - (to/from Sonobe Station)
- 古代から現代に至るまで皇室との縁は深い。
- The Imperial Family has had a close relationship to sumo since ancient times.
- 尊は驚き悲しんで、難波から菟道宮に至り。
- Prince Osazaki was saddened and then approached the Uji no miya Palace via Naniwa (Osaka prefecture).
- のちに宗快が大原声明を再興するに至った。
- Subsequently, Shukai restored Ohara Shomyo.
- 以来本庄家を家元として現在に至っている。
- Since then, it has been handed down to the present with the Honjo family as grand masters.
- 同様の例として、冬至の日の柚子湯がある。
- One of the similar example is yuzuyu (a hot citron bath) on winter solstice.
- 古代には、冬至を1年の始まりとしていた。
- In ancient times, Toji marked the beginning of a year.
- 黒金門に至る大手道の全ルートを解明する。
- The whole route of Ote-michi Road extending to Kurogane-mon Gate was elucidated.
- これを四至牓示(しいしぼうじ)と称する。
- The above procedures were called Shiishiboji.
- (至トロッコ嵯峨駅) ← トロッコ亀岡駅
- (from/to Saga Torokko Station) - Kameoka Torokko Station
- この傾向は、室町時代に至って顕著となる。
- This inclination became evident during the Muromachi period.
- 石垣の存在を至上とする見方も潜んでいる。
- Also, it contains an idea that the existence of stone walls is supreme.
- 貞観式の制定に至って区別することとなった。
- Then the distinction was made by the establishment of Jogan-shiki Code.
- 戊午の歳の2月、船団を出して浪速国に至る。
- In February, the year of bogo, he dispatched a fleet to Namihaya no kuni.
- 歌舞練場が完成するとそこに移し現在に至る。
- Since Kabu-renjo Theater was completed, Miyako Odori was moved there and has been performed at the present location.
- 朝鮮半島の小豆粥パッチュクは冬至に食べる。
- The patjuk azuki bean porridge of the Korean Peninsula is eaten during the winter solstice.
- 博多商人の至本が綱司(船長)に指名された。
- A merchant in Hakata, Shihon, was designated as Goji.
- (至米原駅) ← 京都駅 → (至大阪駅)
- (to/from Maibara Station) - Kyoto Station - (to/from Osaka Station)
- 1579年(天正7年)中納言正三位に至る。
- In 1579, he was promoted to Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) Chunagon (vice-councilor of state).
- 大当たりして、今に至るまで読みつがれている。
- It was a great hit, and it still continues to be read to this day.
- 以後、膨大な時代劇が生み出され、今日に至る。
- Ever since, vast numbers of jidaigeki dramas have been produced.
- 我兵一丸を費さずして之を踰え、山口村に至る。
- Our soldiers passed this place without consuming a bullet, reaching Yamaguchi Village.
- 世々、杖刀人の首と為り、奉事し来り今に至る。
- I have served the king as a head of Jotojin (a guard who protected noble men) until today.
- (至東京駅) ← 京都駅 → (至新大阪駅)
- (to/from Tokyo Station) - Kyoto Station - (to/from Shin-Osaka Station)
- 明治時代に至り、華族に列し、子爵に叙された。
- Since the Meiji period, the family ranked as Kazoku (nobility) and was bestowed the title viscount.
- 範圓の子である為頼に至って吉見を名字とした。
- Yorien's son Tameyori chose 'Yoshimi' as his family name.
- 繫於金木 吾飼駒當無出兮 吾之駒至今何以為所獲
- 繫於金木 吾飼駒當無出兮 吾之駒至今何以為所獲
- 純仁は怒りの余り、兄妹の縁を切るまでに至った。
- Sumihito was furious about the incident, and he disowned Princess Hanako.
- 綏靖天皇以下先帝以前4代に至る歴代天皇の式年祭
- Shikinensai Memorial Ceremony for spirits of past emperors from Emperor Suizei to the four emperors preceding the last
- これは天皇家から貴族社会に至るまでそうだった。
- It was like this from the emperor family to the aristocratic society.
- (至京都駅) ← 保津峡駅※ → (至亀岡駅)
- (from/to Kyoto Station) - Hozukyo Station* - (from/to Kameoka Station)
- (至帷子ノ辻駅)← 等持院駅 - 北野白梅町駅
- (from/to Katabiranotsuji Station) - Tojiin Station - Kitano Hakubaicho Station
- 未だに戦争の影を今日に至るまで引きずっている。
- There are still people who carry the influence of war to this day.
- 牛久藩は、山口氏の支配で明治時代にまで至った。
- The Ushiku Domain, under the reign of the Yamaguchi clan, continued until the initial stage of the Meiji period.
- 満政の7世、源重房の代に至り、小川氏を称した。
- Seven generations after Mitsumasa, during the time of MINAMOTO no Shigefusa, they called themselves the Ogawa clan.
- その子、源重清の代に至り水野氏を称するという。
- From the time of Shigefusa's son, MINAMOTO no Shigekiyo, they began to call themselves the Mizuno clan.
- その後、これらのいずれも定着には至らなかった。
- Neither went on to become established as national anthem.
- 古代から近世に至るまでの史跡が市内に点在する。
- Historic sites from ancient times up to modern times dot the city.
- 住吉津から東へ向かうと、奈良盆地の飛鳥に至る。
- If you go toward east from Suminoenotsu, you will get to Asuka in Nara Basin.
- これは、盛平の修行によって至った結論と思われる。
- This is believed to be a conclusion that Morihei reached through training.
- その名残で、現在でも冬至は暦の基準となっている。
- As a result, even now, it is used as the basis for a calendar.
- そして、これを朔旦冬至(さくたんとうじ)という。
- And this is called Sakutan Toji.
- 朝鮮総督府設置に至る歴史については韓国併合を参照
- See the Annexation of Korea for the history before the establishment of the Chosen Sotoku-fu.
- (至京都駅)←東福寺駅→(至木津駅 (京都府))
- Tofukuji Station (between Kyoto Station and Kizu stations)
- そのことから、江戸幕府と深く関係を結ぶに至った。
- Accordingly, the Hirata family formed a close relationship with the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 刑法に関する書物「法曹至要抄」の作者といわれる。
- He is said to be the writer of a book titled 'Hososhiyo-sho' (The Essentials for the Judiciary) related to criminal justice.
- しかし、織田信長の台頭により、力を失うに至った。
- However, because of Nobunaga ODA's rise, it lost its power.
- 支給が済んだ後は、境界(四至)を明確にすること。
- After kubunden was supplied, its boundaries (Shishi (the northern, southern, eastern, and western boundaries of a tract of land)) should be clarified.
- 赤穂浪士ゆかりの、至心山宗玄寺の境内も会場となる。
- The precincts of Shishinzan Sogen-ji Temple, which is associated with Ako roshi (lordless samurai of the Ako domain), co-host the event.
- 以後牧野家によって明治維新を迎え、舞鶴県に至った。
- Thereafter the Makino family had governed the domain till the Meiji Restoration, and after that it became Maizuru Prefecture.
- 以後、敗戦に至るまで剣道は国民的に浸透し隆盛した。
- After that, Kendo spread throughout the nation and prospered until Japan's defeat in the war.
- 以降各神社で舞われるようになり、現在に至っている。
- The dance has been performed occasionally at every shrine since then.
- そして、最も賑わう酉の市として現在に至るのである。
- Its Tori no ichi has been the most prosperous fair up to the present date.
- 解決に至った場合は手打ちという儀式行為が成される。
- When the trouble is solved, a ceremony called teuchi (a Japanese custom of ceremonial rhythmic hand clapping, performed at the end of a special event) is performed.
- 偏諱は戦国時代 (日本)に至るまで発給され続けた。
- This granting of names continued well into the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (in Japan).
- (至十三駅) ← 烏丸駅 - 河原町駅 (京都府)
- (to/from Juso Station) - Karasuma Station - Kawaramachi Station (Kyoto Prefecture)
- 出町柳駅 - 丸太町駅 (京阪) →(至淀屋橋駅)
- Demachiyanagi Station - (Keihan) Marutamachi Station => (to Yodoyabashi Station)
- 住宅街を抜け、雲母橋に至れば、そこが登山口である。
- You will reach Kirara-bashi Bridge after walking through a residential area, where the path starts.
- 五代十国時代に至る100年ほど、この地で保存された。
- Sekko was preserved for about 100 years at this place until when the five-generation-ten-country period started.
- 離=形に囚われない自由な境地に至るというものである。
- 離 (Ri, means Leave): Reaching the free stage free from Kata.
- 至徳 1384年2月27日 - 1387年8月23日
- Shitoku February 27, 1384 - August 23, 1387
- その後、左近衛中将や大宰帥を務めて三品親王に至った。
- Thereafter, he served as Sakone no chujo (Middle Captain of the Left Division) and Dazai no sochi (Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), and became Sanbon Shinno (the third-ranked Imperial Prince).
- 鋳造説、造兵廠製刀身は粗悪品説に至っては論外である。
- The casting theory and the theory that the blades made by the Armory were of bad quality is out of the question.
- 中国においては、古くは冬至の際に小豆粥が食せられた。
- In old China azuki-gayu was eaten on the day of winter solstice.
- 冬至の日にはこの天体の出没の方角が最も南寄りになる。
- This heavenly body rises from and sets in the most southerly directions on the day of Toji.
- その後、上館(新発田市)に陣屋を移して幕末に至った。
- Later, the family moved to Kamitate (Shibata City) and remained until the end of the bakufu.
- 福知山線 : 福知山駅(起点駅) - ・・・至大阪駅
- Fukuchiyama Line: From Fukuchiyama Station (starting station) to Osaka Station
- 村内を名阪国道が横断しており、交通の至便な地である。
- Meihan National Route runs across the village, thus the village is quite conveniently located in terms of public transportation.
- 戦後、天皇誕生日として国民の祝日と定められ現在に至る。
- After the war, it is determined and still remains to be a national holiday as The Emperor's Birthday.
- 日本では、古来より冬至に柚子の湯に入浴する習慣がある。
- In Japan, there is a traditional custom to take a yuzuyu (yuzu-bath) on the winter solstice.
- 至誠心、深心、廻向発願心の3種の心を発して往生する者。
- Jobon josho refers to people who can go to gokuraku jodo (the Pure Land of Amitabha), because they have shijoshin (sincerity), jinshin (strong belief in Buddha) and ekohotsuganshin (accumulating good deeds).
- 6月2日夕刻に至って、高野山に本能寺の変の情報が届く。
- In the evening of July 1, Koyasan was informed of the Honnoji Incident.
- 律で謀とは犯罪の実行に着手に至らない計画のことを言う。
- In ritsu, a scheme means a plan of a crime which has not been undertaken yet.
- 廃藩置県どころか政務は停滞し新政府分裂の危機に至った。
- Under such circumstances, the implementation of state affairs was stagnant, let alone haihan-chiken, and the new government faced a crisis of being split in two.
- (至京都駅) ← 二条駅 - 円町駅 → (至亀岡駅)
- (from/to Kyoto Station) Nijo Station, Enmachi Station (from/to Kameoka Station)
- 子の異説の多い怪しい系図は最上義定の代に至り安定する。
- Although there are different view of children in the genealogy, Yoshisada MOGAMI and the subsequent descendents were considered credible.
- 吉田東寮は単に「吉田寮」と改称され、現在に至っている。
- Yoshida East dormitory was renamed 'Yoshida dormitory' and has continued to exist up to the present.
- さらに山内の一木一葉に至るまで神宿るものとされている。
- God is considered to be in all trees and leaves in the mountains.
- 無念の死を悼み、現在に至るまで花を手向ける人が絶えない。
- Even at present, many people visit and offer flowers in order to mourn their death.
- その甲斐あって窯の火を絶やすことなく、今日に至っている。
- Then, his efforts keep the fire in the kiln until now.
- 即位以来現在に至るまで、旺盛に国内外の訪問を行っている。
- He has vigorously visited various districts within and outside the country since his enthronement.
- 10代・芝山慶豊で明治に至り華族に列し子爵に叙せられた。
- During the Meiji Era, the tenth family head was Yoshitoyo SHIBAYAMA, and the family was raised to the peer level and to viscount.
- 現代でも銭湯の多くは、冬至の日にちなみ柚子湯を用意する。
- Even now, in many 'sento' (public bath house), yuzuyu is prepared on the winter solstice.
- 逆に章の途中で偶々朔旦冬至が到来してしまう事態も生じた。
- On the contrary, there were circumstances in which Sakutan Toji accidentally occurred in the middle of a chapter.
- また、場合によっては暦算の誤りとそれを隠すために至った。
- In some cases, the scholars of rekido changed the calendar just to cover up mistakes in rekizan (calculation of the calendar).
- 明治に至り、知行地であった千葉県長生郡寺崎に移っている。
- In the Meiji period, the Kira family relocated to the lands of their chigyo-chi (a land given to a feudal load or a samurai as an annual stipend): Terasaki, Chosei County, and Chiba Prefecture.
- 東山区粟田口(蹴上)から、日ノ岡を経て山科区御陵に至る。
- A road runs from Awataguchi (Keage), Higashiyama Ward via Hinooka to Misasagi, Yamashina Ward.
- したがって、重厚な黒味から青灰色に至るまで墨色に幅がある。
- Therefore, there is a wide range of ink color from dense black to bluish grey.
- 玄鳥至(げんちょう いたる):燕が南からやって来る(中国)
- Swallows Arrive: Swallows arrive from the South (China).
- 真言声明は空海が伝えたものが基礎となり、現在に至っている。
- Shingon Shomyo has been passed down to the present day based on what Kukai introduced.
- 現在に至るまで字句を巡り議論が続いている箇所も少なくない。
- So, up until now quite a few words or phrases in the book have been discussed over their interpretation.
- 唐代には日本に伝わり、冬至の日に先帝を祭る儀式が行われた。
- Saiten came down to Japan during the Tang Dynasty, and the ritual of worshipping the former emperors began to take place.
- これがやがて昭和時代の三倍増醸酒へと至る技術の一端である。
- This is one of the techniques which led to the sanbai zojoshu (tripling the sake) in the Showa period.
- なお、後には章の最初以外の朔旦冬至も祝われるようになった。
- But, later Sakutan Toji that did not occur at the beginning of a chapter also came to be celebrated.
- 以後、急速に衰退して天正10年(1582年)の滅亡へ至る。
- Rapidly declining thereafter, it was brought to an end in 1582.
- その際に役職としての禁裏御守衛総督は自然消滅するに至った。
- In the course of this, the Kinri Goshuei Sotoku as a post was naturally abolished.
- 「事が既にここに至れば、日本は宣戦せざるを得なくなった。」
- These situations have forced Japan to declare war.'
- トロッコ嵯峨駅 - トロッコ嵐山駅 →(至トロッコ亀岡駅)
- Saga Torokko Station - Arashiyama Torokko Station - (to/from Torokko Kameoka Station)
- ここに至り、勧農権は現地の実効支配を意味するようになった。
- At this stage, the right of kanno meant the practical governance over local regions.
- 東山区今熊野から南東方向に東山を越えて山科区西野山に至る。
- This road runs from Imagumano, Higashiyama Ward toward southeast over Higashiyama to Nishinoyama, Yamashina Ward.
- このため翌年弟弟子の吉村輝章が六世を継いで今日に至っている。
- For this reason the next year, Teruaki YOSHIMURA, a younger brother disciple, succeeded to the sixth generation and now he is the iemoto.
- 建武義会編『後醍醐天皇奉賛論文集』(至文堂、1939年9月)
- Kenmugikai ed. (Sep., 1939). Emperor Go-Daigo Hosan Essay Collection. Shibundo.
- 「腰が弱めで柔らかい」特徴に至った経緯には以下の諸説がある。
- There are various theories about the background of Hakata Udon acquiring the characteristics of 'inelastic and softness' as follows.
- その場合新しい章の最初に朔旦冬至が到来するとは限らなかった。
- When it was not, the beginning of a new chapter did not necessarily coincide with the arrival of Sakutan Toji.
- ・其の日(三月十八日)正面軍の密使、福田丈平、植木より至る。
- On that day (March 18), Takehei FUKUDA, a secret messenger from the front troop, came from Ueki.
- 日本側の砲艦外交に対し、戦端を開く覚悟までは至らなかったこと
- Korea could not prepare for the outbreak of war against the gunboat diplomacy of Japan.
- 発行高は多額に上り、小判のような本位金貨を凌駕するに至った。
- The issued amount was very high surpassing standard gold coins like koban.
- 現実の刑事事件でも復讐を目的として犯行に至った例は見られる。
- Even real criminal cases include those in which the crime developed with the aim of revenge.
- 以後、歴代の当主が様々な作品を作り、今日の15代に至っている。
- After that, successive leaders up to the fifteenth of today have created various works
- この観点から、当範囲内に収めるのが妥当という結論に至っている。
- From this viewpoint, the conclusion was that it is appropriate to leave the levels as they were.
- 馬子は仕方なくついて行き、磐余に至ったところで、再度諫言した。
- Umako followed him reluctantly, and he remonstrated with him again when they reached Iware.
- 彼は博多商人の至本(国籍は不明)を綱司(船長)として推挙した。
- He recommended Hakata merchant Shihon (his citizenship is unknown) as captain.
- (至京都駅)←東寺駅 - 十条駅 (近鉄)→(至大和西大寺駅)
- (from/to Kyoto Station) - Toji Station - Jujo Station (Kintetsu) - (from/to Yamato-Saidaiji Station)
- 特に4代満家の死後義定に至るまでの系図は信憑性が低いとされる。
- In particular, some say that the family tree after the death of the fourth Mitsuie to Yoshisada lacks credibility.
- しかし、至徳 (日本)3年(1386年)を境に消息が途絶える。
- However, nobody had heard anything about him since 1386.
- 高橋至時が寛政7年(1795年)に天文方に任命されたのに始まる。
- Yoshitoki TAKAHASHI was appointed to Tenmonkata in 1795.
- しかし、壮年に至って片桐貞昌に師事して藤林宗源より皆伝を受けた。
- However, when he was older, he studied under Sadamasa KATAGIRI, and he was certified fully proficient by Sogen FUJIBAYASHI.
- そのため、写経所を設けて写経生を養成し、写経体が生まれるに至る。
- Therefore, sutra-copying places were built to bring up sutra-copying disciples, leading to the generation of the sutra-copying calligraphic style.
- 高山藩が天領に転じて後は寺院を中心に伝承されて現在に至っている。
- After Takayama Domain became tenryo (a shogunal demesne), the tea ceremony of Sowa school has been mainly practiced in temples to this day.
- 道長・頼通の子孫は摂家を輩出し公家の最高家格を独占するに至った。
- The descendant of Michinaga and Yorimichi produced Sekke (the Setsu Family) to finally dominate the highest rank of kakaku (family status) among the court nobility.
- 1385年(至徳 (日本)2年・元中2年)甲斐国府中一蓮寺住職。
- 1385: He became chief priest of Fuchu Ichiren-ji Temple in Kai Province.
- ここに至り、清和源氏が武家の棟梁となる慣習が確立したと言われる。
- It is said that a custom was established then to have the head of the samurai family from Seiwa-Genji.
- 折りしも欧米列強の外圧や幕末の動乱等の時代に至り急速に普及した。
- It spread quickly to coincide with a time when Japan suffered from pressure of the allied western powers and internal disturbances in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate.
- 戦後には「夏越神事」「六月祓」の称も一部では復活し、現在に至る。
- The names 'Nagoshi shinji' and 'Minazukibarae' were partly revived after the war, up to the present date.
- ここに至って上方落語は復興期を終え、次の時代へ向かうこととなる。
- With this Kamigata rakugo passed through the revival period and headed for the next.
- このためか角倉家は大いに発展し、東南アジアにまで進出するに至る。
- The Suminokura family thrived, making inroads as far as to Southeast Asia.
- 19世紀以降の尾張徳川家は養子相続を繰り返して現在に至っている。
- In and after the nineteenth century, the Owari Tokugawa family managed successions by adoption to continue the family up to today.
- 若狭湾から京都へ至る道を若狭街道といい、その通称が鯖街道であった。
- The Wakasa Kaido Road, connecting Wakasa Bay to Kyoto, was commonly called the Saba Kaido Road (Mackerel Road).
- 次男が三宅藤九郎家の家系を守って三宅右近を名乗り現在に至っている。
- The second son styles himself Ukon MIYAKE, keeping the tradition of the Tokuro MIYAKE family up until now.
- 江戸時代からはほぼ毎年開催され、少しずつ変化をしながら現在に至る。
- It has been held almost every year since the Edo period, with some alterations.
- そのため、南半球が慣習的な意味での冬至を迎える日は本来の夏至である
- Thus, the day of Toji in a traditional sense in the southern hemisphere is actually Geshi (the summer solstice) in the original, astronomical sense.
- 幕末に至って欧米諸国を範に幕府や雄藩は近代的な艦隊の創設に向かう。
- At the end of the Edo period, the bakufu and major domains started to establish their modern fleet.
- 所従・下人に至っては荘園領主や荘官、上級層の住民らに従属していた。
- As for shoju and genin, they served and belonged to the upper-class members such as the shoen owner and shokan.
- 国際会館駅 - 松ヶ崎駅 (京都府) → (至竹田駅 (京都府))
- Kokusaikaikan Station - Matsugasaki Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - (to/from Takeda Station (Kyoto Prefecture))
- 光格以後は、すべて直系男子により皇位継承が行われて現在に至っている。
- After the era of Emperor Kokaku, the Imperial throne was succeeded by a male Imperial member of the direct line which has continued to the present.
- その最初は元明天皇の即位詔で、以後江戸時代に至るまで度々言及された。
- The first reference to the code appeared in the imperial edict Empress Genmei, and since then, the code was cited frequently until the Edo period.
- 維新後は諸流派同様に困難な時期を送るが、これを乗り越えて現在に至る。
- Like other schools, the Yabunouchi-ryu experienced difficulty after the Meiji restoration, but it survived and continues to exist today.
- なお、1768年の光格天皇の時に朔旦冬至の儀式が行われたのが最後だ。
- The last ceremony of Sakutan Toji was held in 1768 at the time of the Emperor Kokaku.
- 10代当主の治部卿・倉橋泰聡で明治に至り華族に列し子爵に叙せられた。
- During the Meiji Era, the tenth family head was Jibukyo (Minister of the Ministry of Civil Administration) Yasutoshi KURAHASHI, and the family was raised to the peer level and viscount.
- 室町時代に至ると、武家の主従関係はそれ以前よりは強固とな関係となる。
- As it became the Muromachi period, the relationship between master and vassal among samurai became comparably stronger to earlier times.
- 一、官武一途庶民ニ至ル迄各其志ヲ遂ケ人心ヲシテ倦マサラシメン事ヲ要ス
- 1. The common people, no less than the civil and military officials, shall all be allowed to pursue their own calling so that there may be no discontent.
- 一 官武一途庶民ニ至ル迄各其志ヲ遂ケ人心ヲシテ倦マサラシメン事ヲ要ス
- 3. 官武一途庶民ニ至ル迄各其志ヲ遂ケ人心ヲシテ倦マサラシメン事ヲ要ス(The common people, no less than the civil and military officials, shall all be allowed to pursue their own calling so that there may be no discontent.)
- (至十三駅) ← 西京極駅 - 西院駅 →(至河原町駅 (京都府))
- (to/from Juso Station) - Nishikyogoku Station - Saiin Station - (to/from Kawaramachi Station (Kyoto Prefecture))
- (至十三駅) ← 洛西口駅 - 桂駅 → (至河原町駅 (京都府))
- (from/to Juso Station)- Rakusaiguchi Station - Katsura Station - (from/to Kawaramachi Station (Kyoto Prefecture))
- (至十三駅) ← 大宮駅 (京都府) → (至河原町駅 (京都府))
- Omiya Station (Kyoto Prefecture) (between Juso and Kawaramachi Stations)
- ここに至って自らの思い違いを知った角太郎は、現八と共に妖猫を退治する。
- To see this, Kakutaro realized how he had misunderstood and killed the specter cat in cooperation with Genpachi.
- 馬琴はこの物語の完成に、48歳から75歳に至るまでの後半生を費やした。
- Bakin spent last half of his life, from 48 to 75, writing this story.
- 澤村宗十郎 (7代目)の頼兼は鷹揚で古風な芸を満喫させる至芸であった。
- Sojuro SAWAMURA (the seventh) played Yorikane excellently, in an easygoing and classic style.
- 以後現在に至るまで、この平調子は箏のもっとも基本の調弦法とされている。
- Thereafter, the hirajoshi method has remained as the standard tuning method for the koto.
- 特に戦後、本格的に都市人口が増大すると、至るところで銭湯が建築された。
- Sento were constructed everywhere, especially after the war, when the urban population increased to a significant extent.
- 幕末に至っても通し矢は行われたが、明治5年(1872年)に解体された。
- Even in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, the event of Toshiya was held, but in 1872, Edo-sanjusangen-do Hall was deconstructed.
- しかし、19年に1度、冬至の日が11月1日 (旧暦)となることがある。
- Every 19 years the day of Toji falls on November 1 (in old lunar calendar).
- 「法曹至要抄」によれば、もし群盗共殺の時は、下手人および頭首人を移す。
- According to 'the Hossoshiyosho,' if a gang of robbers commit a murder, the murderer and his boss shall be removed to a province.
- すなわち「物に格(いた)る」(事物に即して理を極める、格=至)とした。
- In other words, he interpreted the word as 'to investigate things' (investigate ri to the utmost in conformity with things, with 'kaku' meaning 'reach'.)
- ここに至り戦局有利と見た織田信長は石山本願寺との和平交渉を打ち切った。
- Under the circumstances, Nobunaga ODA judged that the war situation was favorable for him, and discontinued peace talks with Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple.
- 佃村の漁民が移住した江戸の埋立地は佃島と名付けられ、現代に至っている。
- The reclaimed land in Edo where the fishermen of Tsukuda Village migrated has been called Tsukuda-jima Island even presently.
- (至国際会館駅)← くいな橋駅 - 竹田駅 →(近鉄京都線に乗り入れ)
- (from/to Kokusai Kaikan Station) - Kuinabashi Station - Takeda Station - (extension of service into the Kintetsu Kyoto Line)
- その子細川忠利の代に肥後国熊本藩54万石の領主となり、明治維新に至る。
- The Hosokawa clan became a feudal lord of 540,000 Koku of the Kumamoto Domain, Higo Province in the generation of Tadatoshi HOSOKAWA, the son of Tadaoki, then reached the Meiji Restoration.
- 元滋の没後は、子の元正が二十五世宗家を相続し、現宗家二十六世清和に至る。
- After the death of Motoshige, Motomasa (Motoshige's son) succeeded the 25th soke (the grand master), and current soke is Kiyokazu, the 26th.
- 関西と関東の文化の違いが現在に至るまで如実に現れている食材の一つである。
- It is a dish which displays the marked differences in culture between the Kansai and Kanto regions
- 唐津市とは「唐」へ至る「津」、すなわち「中国へ続く港」という意味である。
- When 'Karatsu' is written in Chinese characters, it means 'a Port leading to China.'
- 江戸時代に至り、朝仁親王(東山天皇)の立太子以降皇太子の制度が復活する。
- The investiture ceremony of the Crown Prince was revived in the Edo period, starting with that of Imperial Prince Tomohito (the Emperor Higashiyama).
- 無適斎宗也は1917年に表千家12代惺斎の援助を得て再興し、現在に至る。
- Mutekisai Soya received the support of the 12th generation head of the Omotesenke, Seisai, and restored the line in 1917, which persists to this day.
- 6月25日深夜に鈴鹿関に至り、そこで大海人皇子が張った封鎖線にかかった。
- The Prince Otsu reached Suzuka-no-seki Checkpoint at midnight of June 25 (old calender), and was stopped by the blockade the Prince Oama had setup.
- The Prince Otsu reached Suzuka-no-seki Checkpoint at midnight of June 25 (old calender), and was stopped by a blockade the Prince Oama had setup.
- この説に賛意を示す学者もいるが、広く学界の承認するまでには至っていない。
- Although some scholars agree with this theory, it is yet to be widely accepted in the academic circles.
- また南回帰線上の観測者から見ると、冬至の日の太陽は正午に天頂を通過する。
- An observer on the Tropic of Capricorn would see the sun pass through the zenith at noon on the day of Toji.
- 一時は『祇園乙部』と称されたが、戦後は名称を『祇園東』に改め現在に至る。
- Gion Higashi was temporarily named 'Gion Otsubu' ('ko' and 'otsu' in Japanese are equivalent to a and b in English), but the name was changed to 'Gion Higashi' after the war, which is still used to this day.
- 石見吉見氏は源範圓の庶子の系統だが、頼円に至るまでの系譜は明らかでない。
- The Iwami-Yoshimi clan is a family line of a illegitimate child of MINAMOTO no Yorien, but its family tree before Raien's generation is not known.
- そのため、「在寮期限」到来時には多数の寮生が居住するという事態に至った。
- As a result, many students still lived in the dormitory at the time of the above 'time limit.'
- 名人桂文楽が甘納豆(「明烏」)・枝豆(「馬のす」)などで見せた至芸が有名。
- As an example, the consummate performances of the master Bunraku KATSURA are well-known, such as his gesture of eating sweetened adzuki beans in the performance of Ake-garasu (A Crow Nesting at Dawn), and the gesture of eating boiled green soybeans in Umanosu (The Hair of a Horse's Tail).
- 石橋は歌舞伎にも取入れられ、石橋物と呼ばれる作品群を形成するに至っている。
- Shakkyo has also been incorporated into kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) to form a group of works called Shakkyomono (lion dances based on the Shakkyo legend).
- 種子島時堯の臣である篠川小四郞はこの術を習い、百発百中するに至ったという。
- Since Koshiro SHINOKAWA, a retainer of Tokitaka TANEGASHIMA, learned this art, he had never missed the target.
- この称徳天皇以降、江戸時代の明正天皇に至るまで実に850余年女帝はいない。
- Japan saw no birth of an empress for more than 850 years after Empress Shotoku until Empress Meisho in Edo period.
- 以後、黒糖焼酎は奄美諸島でしか製造できない特産品となって現在に至っている。
- Since then, kokuto shochu has become a specialty product produced only in the Amami island chain.
- もっとも、その場合でも同一個体内で受粉し結実した種が発芽に至ることは無い。
- However, even in such a case the seeds that were born through self-pollination do not germinate.
- 幕末までには、京阪を中心に東は名古屋、西は中国、九州に至る範囲で行われた。
- By the end of the Edo period it was played mainly in Kyoto and Osaka, as well as in areas ranging from Nagoya in the east and Chugoku and Kyushu in the west.
- もし海苔で敗訴すれば他の水産物輸入枠割当制への影響は必至と見られただろう。
- If Japan had lost the case on nori, the import quota system of other marine products would surely have been affected.
- 以降、幕末に至るまで久松家に仕官しながら前田家とも交流を続けることになる。
- From then until the end of the Edo era, Soshitsu JOSO continued his services to his retainer, the Hisamatsu family, also keeping, at the same time, constant contact with the Maeda family.
- 直信は、道名の狩野松栄の名で広く知られ、室町から桃山に至る時代に活動した。
- Naonobu is widely known as Shoei KANO (his posthumous name), and he was active from the Muromachi period to the Momoyama period.
- 『関西歌舞伎を育てる会』は『関西歌舞伎を愛する会』として現在に至っている。
- 'Kansai de kabuki wo sodateru kai' still exists today as the 'Kansai kabuki wo aisuru kai' (Association for Loving Kansai Kabuki).
- またその後は、堂本印象、上村松篁、中村大三郎らが活躍し、現在に至っている。
- Then, Insho DOMOTO, Shoko UEMURA, Daizaburo NAKMURA and others played active roles and the Shijo school continued up to the present.
- 『暦便覧』では「日南の限りを行て、日の短きの至りなれば也」と説明している。
- 'Koyomi Binran' (the Handbook of Japanese Calendar) explains 'it is because the sun reaches the most southern point and the daytime is the shortest.'
- そしてついに関白就任が駄目ならば内覧に就任したいという意向を述べるに至る。
- Nobusuke even insisted on serving as Nairan (Inspector of Imperial Documents) if he was not given the position of Kanpaku.
- 上流貴族を中心に子弟の家庭教育で行う旧来の風潮を打破するには至らなかった。
- Daigaku-ryo failed to conquer traditional practice of teaching the children of high-ranking noble families at home.
- 廻船問屋は江戸時代に至っても運送業と卸売業の性格を併せ持ったままであった。
- Kaisen donya (wholesaler in port) kept both the roles of transportation operation and wholesale agent, even after entering the Edo period.
- 左京区北白川から、瓜生山と大文字山の間の山中越を経て、大津市の志賀に至る。
- Yamanakagoe, passing through between Mt. Uryu and Mt. Daimonji, runs from Kita-shirakawa, Sakyo Ward to Shiga, Otsu City.
- 竜田越奈良街道(たつたごえならかいどう)は、奈良に至る「奈良街道」の一つ。
- The Tatsuta-goe Nara Kaido is one of the highways to Nara.
- その記事、各新聞紙上に現はれて以来、ハイカラーといふ語の流行を来すに至れり。
- Since the article appeared in various newspapers, the word haikara has been popular.
- 42代当主の参議・甘露寺勝長で明治に至り、子孫は華族に列し伯爵に叙せられた。
- During the Meiji Era the forty-second family head was Sangi (councillor) Katsunaga KANROJI, and the family was raised to the peer level and count.
- しかし、戸田忠至等による文久の修陵図では、この墓らしきものは描かれていない。
- However, there is no grave shown on the map drawn by Tadayuki TODA when the mausoleum was repaired during the Bunkyu era.
- これらにより、後深草天皇から後小松天皇に至る系統のことを持明院統と称された。
- Accordingly, the line from Emperor Go-Fukakusa to Emperor Go-Komatsu is called Jimyoin-to.
- ここに至り、高台院の側近孝蔵主と高野山の木食応其の仲介による講和が成立する。
- Finally, a peace treaty was approved through the mediation of both Kozosu, a close aide of Kodaiin, and Mokujiki Ogo, a monk from Mt. Koya.
- 武士の一分を立てるために町人の家を突き止め女子供に至るまで殺害するに至った。
- In order to save face, Saheiji found out where the townsman lived and killed not only him but also all the members of his family.
- 鍼灸医学の書は、明清に至るまで、その殆どが内経などの編み直しと言ってもよい。
- Up until the period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most books on acupuncture were re-edited versions of Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) and other classical works.
- 日本列島に住む人々が倭・倭人と呼称されるに至った由来にはいくつかの説がある。
- There are several views about how people living in the Japanese Archipelago came to be called Wa or Wajin.
- (至京都駅)←花園駅 (京都府) - 太秦駅 - 嵯峨嵐山駅 →(至園部駅)
- (to/from Kyoto Station) - Hanazono Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Uzumasa Station - Saga Arashiyama Station - (to/from Sonobe Station)
- (至二条駅)←三条京阪駅 - 東山駅 (京都府) - 蹴上駅→(至六地蔵駅)
- (from/to Nijo Station)- Sanjo-Keihan Station - Higashiyama Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Keage Station (from/to Rokujizo Station)
- (至国際会館駅) - 鞍馬口駅※ - 今出川駅 - (至竹田駅 (京都府))
- (to/from Kokusaikaikan Station) - Kuramaguchi Station* - Imadegawa Station - (to/from Takeda Station (Kyoto Prefecture))
- 中納言もしくは参議を極位極官とし、公卿に至らずに没する当主も少なからずいた。
- In addition, more than a few family heads passed away having reached the position of chunagon or sangi but without having become a kugyo.
- むしろ、祖先の弟の系統である頼朝の方が東国において圧倒的求心力を得るに至った。
- Instead, Yoritomo, who belonged to the lineage of his ancestor's younger brother, gained an overwhelming unifying power in the eastern provinces.
- 他にも幾つかの異説があり、現在のところ、どれもまだ定説となるには至っていない。
- There are several other theories but none of them has become an established theory so far.
- 以降、現在(平成19年)に至るまで、日本で唯一の文士劇として公演を行っている。
- Since then to the present (2007), the bunshi-geki has been performed only in this theater in Japan.
- ついには玄人・素人の弟子に対して梅若の名によって流儀の免状を発行するに至った。
- In the end, Minoru UMEWAKA began to issue the diploma of his school to his professional and amateur disciples in the name of Umewaka.
- 大統譜には歴代の天皇が登録され、首部には天照大神に至る神代の系譜も登録される。
- In addition, the Taitofu registers the successive Emperors, the beginning part of which includes the genealogy of the age of gods traced back to Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess).
- 9代・吉兵衛はこの困難な時代に名跡を継ぎ、奥村家の建て直しに成功、現在に至る。
- The ninth Kichibe succeeded the family during a period of hardship, but managed to reconstruct the Okumura family, which continues to this day.
- その後、井伊氏は加増を重ね、最終的にには譜代最高となる35万石を得るに至った。
- After that, Ii clan increased its property and at the end attained 350 thousand goku.
- (福岡案第二条)官武一途庶民に至る迄各其志を遂げ人心をして倦まざらしむるを要す
- (The second article of Fukuoka draft) 官武一途庶民に至る迄各其志を遂げ人心をして倦まざらしむるを要す。 (The common people, no less than the civil and military officials, shall all be allowed to pursue their own calling so that there may be no discontent.)
- 彼女が眠るように命じ浦島子が目覚めると、不意の間に海中の大きな島に至っていた。
- She told Urashima no ko to sleep, and when he woke up, before he knew, they had arrived at a big island under the sea.
- 中書島駅 - 観月橋駅 - 桃山南口駅 - 六地蔵駅 →(至宇治駅 (京阪))
- Chushojima Station - Kangetsukyo Station - Momoyama-Minamiguchi Station - Rokujizo Station - (from/to Keihan Uji Station)
- (至京都駅)← 稲荷駅 - JR藤森駅 - 桃山駅 →(至木津駅 (京都府))
- (from/to Kyoto Station) - Inari Station - JR-Fujinomori Station - Momoyama Station - (from/to Kizu Station (Kyoto Prefecture))
- 12月29日夜、到着が遅れた氏清の軍勢は淀の中島に至り三隊に分かれて京に進撃。
- On the night of January 31, 1392, Ujikiyo's army, arriving late, reached Nakajima in Yodo, and they separated into three squads and marched into Kyoto.
- 鵜飼は権力者の贅沢のひとつだったため、その時々の権力者に守られ今日に至っている。
- As ukai was a luxurious hobby of persons of power, it has been protected persons of power of the time.
- これらの事情もあって、現在にいたるまでワキ方につよい勢力を維持するに至っている。
- These circumstances enabled the school to maintain strong influence on Waki-kata in present days.
- 東北までに至る各地に長慶天皇潜幸伝説が残っており、南部煎餅の祖とする伝承もある。
- Across Japan, including Tohoku region, there are legends that say Emperor Chokei visited these areas secretly, and some say that he invented the Nanbu Senbei (Nanbu rice cracker).
- 筑紫国宇佐に至り、宇佐津彦、宇佐津姫の宮に招かれて、姫を侍臣の天種子命と娶せた。
- After they arrived at Usa, Tsukushi Province, they were invited to the palace of Usatsuhiko and Usatsuhime, and let Usatsuhime marry their courtier, Ame no Taneko no Mikoto.
- 有力生産地の一つである栃木では、輸入品と競合するメーカーは廃業に至ることが多い。
- In Tochigi Prefecture, one of principal production centers, many producers whose products are in competition with imported products were forced to cease business.
- 今日では、型の試合も実施され、型の演武それ自体が一つの競技とされるに至っている。
- Today, tournaments for kata are also held, and the practice and demonstration of kata itself has become a game.
- 橘流は創始者である初代 旭翁の没後、「橘会」と「旭会」の二派に分かれ現在に至る。
- After the first Kyokuo, the founder, died, the Tachibana-ryu was divided into two schools: the Tachibana-kai and the Asahi-kai, and hitherto existing.
- 12大劫を経て蓮華が開敷し、観音や勢至の説法を聞いて、無上の菩提心を起すという。
- After a long time, lotus flowers are full bloomed covering the floor and they listen to teachings from Kannon and Seishi, and then, the greatest faith in Buddha comes to them.
- また宮城道雄以降、今に至るまで胡弓のための新作曲も多くはないながら作られている。
- Even after Michio MIYAGI, new pieces of music for Kokyu have been composed, although they are not so many.
- (「朔旦冬至」とは19年周期の最初の年に11月1日 (旧暦)が冬至となること。)
- (When the winter solstice happens to be the first day of November (in the old lunar calendar) once in 20 years, it is called sakuten toji.)
- (至二条駅) ← 醍醐駅 (京都府) - 石田駅 (京都府) → (至六地蔵駅)
- (from/to Nijo Station) - Daigo Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Ishida Station - (from/to Rokujizo Station)
- 前九年の役で一旦滅亡したが、その子孫を称する人々が現れ繁栄して現在に至っている。
- The Abe clan fell at one time due to Zen Kunen no Eki, but those who claimed themselves as the descendants of the Abe clan have appeared, prospered, and lived to this day.
- その子義弥の代に至り旧吉良荘内で3000石を領して、高家筆頭の家格を付与された。
- In the generation of Yoshishada's child Yoshimitsu, received the master of 'ko-ke' (shogunate official in charge of advising kyo-o-yaku in taking care of envoys) status provided with 3,000 koku in former Kiranosho.
- ただし1949年以降、中国を統治した中国共産党により、人力車は禁止されるに至った。
- However, the use of jinrikisha was prohibited after 1949 when the Chinese Communist Party came to power.
- 「鳴神の鼓の時も至れば、五穀豊穣も国土を守護し」と謡いつつ勇壮な働事太鼓物をする。
- The god plays Taikomono (music of Noh with Taiko, a drum) valiantly singing 'When the time of Narukami arrives, gokokuhojo (bumper crop of cereals) protects the land.'
- 舟橋希賢は幕臣で、代々一尾流を伝えて明治に至り、この流れが細川三斎流を称している。
- Kiken FUNABASHI was a shogun's retainer; his family carried on Ichio-ryu school for generations until Meiji period, which was then inherited by Hosokawa Sansai-ryu school (a school of Sansai HOSOKAWA).
- 大正天皇との夫婦仲は至って良好で、慣例を打ち破って夫の身辺の世話を自ら見たという。
- The Emperor Taisho and the Empress Teimei lived happily together as husband and wife, and the Empress Teimei seemed to break with Imperial court custom, as she took if upon herself to look after her husband's needs.
- 平泉澄『建武中興の本義』(至文堂、1934年9月 / 日本学協会、1983年5月)
- HIRAIZUMI, Kiyoshi. (Sep., 1934/May, 1983). Kenmu Chuko no Hongi. Shibundo/Nihongaku Kyokai.
- 従一位に至り康平7年(1064年)11月落飾、1087年に93歳という高齢で薨去。
- She was conferred the rank of Juichii (Junior First Rank), entered into Buddhist priesthood in December 1064 and died in 1087 at the old age of 93.
- 禁止令はGHQの占領終了とともに解除され、剣道と撓競技は合体して今日に至っている。
- The ban on Kendo was removed upon the termination of GHQ's Occupation, whereupon Kendo and the Shinai sport merged into one organization that continues to this day.
- そして、地獄の火炎が変じて天華となり、観音や勢至の説法を聞き無上道心を起すという。
- A flame in the hell turns to be flowers in the heaven and they listen to teachings from Kannon and Seishi bodhisattva, and then, they have an aspiration that they want to reach enlightenment.
- 往生した後に勢至菩薩や観世音菩薩から教法を聞いて、1小劫の後に阿羅漢となるという。
- After going to the Pure Land, they listen to teachings from Seishi Bosatsu (Mahasthamaprapta) and Kanzeon Bosatsu (the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy) and then, after a long time, they become an arhat.
- この二年間は、稈丈が伸びすぎたり倒れたりしたため、妥当な収穫を得るに至らなかった。
- But, through these two years, he could not harvest reasonable quantity due to their culms grown too long and fallen down to the ground.
- しかし、戦後の神社神道は政治と分離され、公式には宗教の一分野として今に至っている。
- However, shrines and the Shinto religion were separated from politics after the war, and the Shinto religion has been officially treated as one of the religious fields since then.
- その後江戸時代までに「ちり紙」と呼ばれる紙が使用されるようになり現在に至っている。
- After that, until the Edo period, the paper called 'chirigami' (coarse toilet paper) came to be used and is also used now.
- 満州族は冬至の日に庭に筵を敷いて供え物を並べ、先祖を象徴する木竿を敬う儀礼がある。
- The Manchurian people have a rite wherein they pay respect to a wooden pole representing ancestors on the winter solstice, placing offerings on a bamboo mat in the yard.
- 1900年~2099年までの冬至の日の数学的な簡易な求め方は、下記のとおりである。
- The following is an easy mathematical way of determining the day of Toji between 1900 and 2099.
- 1949年(昭和24年)11月に西舞鶴地区より東西分離要請書が提出されるに至った。
- And in 1949, the Nishi-Maizuru region moved to propose a request for separation of east and west.
- (至四条大宮駅) ← 西院駅 → 西大路三条駅 → (至嵐山駅 (京福電気鉄道))
- (from/to Shijo-Omiya Station) Saiin Station, Nishioji Sanjo Station (from/to Arashiyama Station)
- 旧甲斐国の山梨県では、甲府駅から一般家屋に至るまであらゆる場所に武田菱が見られる。
- In Yamanashi Prefecture, former Kai Province, Takeda- bishi is seen everywhere from Kofu Station to ordinary houses.
- In Yamanashi Prefecture, the former Kai Province, Takeda bishi (the crest of the Takeda family) are every where, from Kofu Station to ordinary houses.
- 以降、川手城は室町期を通して13代守護土岐頼芸に至るまで、土岐宗家の居城となった。
- Since then, Kawate-jo castle had been the castle of the head family of the Toki clan during the Muromchi period until the era of Yorinori Toki, the 13th Shugo of Mino Province.
- 酒呑鈴木氏などの諸家はその後も徳川氏に従い、江戸時代に至って江戸幕府の旗本となる。
- The Sachinomi Suzuki clan and others continued following the Tokugawa clan, and in the Edo period, they became hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu).
- 後に黒雪が甥服部宗巴に福王流を再興させて後も、進藤家のほうが上席のまま幕末に至った。
- Although Kokusetsu later had his nephew named Soha HATTORI restore the Fukuo school, the Shindo school remained at a higher position than the Fukuo school until the end of the Edo period.
- 至時の長男である高橋景保がシーボルト事件に関与して獄死したため高橋家は二代で終わる。
- Takahashi family extinguished when Kageyasu TAKAHASHI, the oldest son of Yoshitoki, died in prison because of his involvement in Siebold Incident.
- だが、万世一系の伝統が断絶するとして、反対する意見が強く、女系容認には至っていない。
- However, many people are still opposed to female emperors for the reason that the theory of the unbroken Imperial line will be breached.
- これは、後世の先例となって江戸幕府に至るまで、皇位継承には幕府の承認が必要とされた。
- This example was followed until the period of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the bakufu needed to approve the Imperial succession to the throne.
- 下駄が一般的でなくなっても言葉だけは現在に至るまで残っている(「筆箱」などと同類)。
- Although Geta became unpopular, the term remains even today (like 'fudebako' (pen case, literary writing brush case)).
- 豊田家に代々伝承、伝授させて幕末に至り、再び松浦家が家元となって鎮信流と称している。
- His style was handed down in the Toyota family till the end of Edo period when the Matsura family became the master family again and the name was changed to the Chinshin-ryu School.
- 劇場型ドラマチック物…山口瑠美「山内一豊と妻千代」、「至高の王将」、「白虎隊」など。
- Theatrical and dramatic stories: 'Yamauchi Kazutoyo to Tsuma Chiyo' (Kazutoyo YAMAUCHI and his wife Chiyo), 'Shiko no Osho' (Supreme King), and 'Byakkotai' (Byakkotai Suicide Corps) by Rumi YAMAGUCHI, etc.
- そして科学的考察が至上とされ、妖怪もその他の迷信の類ともに、排斥される傾向にあった。
- Scientific thinking was deemed supreme, and yokai, along with other superstitions, had tended to be denounced.
- 昭和時代末期のバブル景気や水質の改善により、屋形船は再び勢いを取り戻し、現在に至る。
- Due to the bubble economy at the end of the Showa period and the improvement of water quality, yakata-bune became greater in number and continue to the present.
- 後漢末期から戦乱の時代が長く続き、中国の社会は混乱を極め、ほとんど崩壊に至っていた。
- Following the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a long period of war, bringing Chinese society to the brink of collapse.
- さらにその重臣含めて知行などを子々孫々に至るまで保障するというお墨付けを与えられた。
- Furthermore, he was given a certificate that guaranteed both his family members and senior vassals the hereditary ownership of lands.
- 分島にたいする琉球人の反対もあり、清は提案受け入れの態度を変えて調印に至らなかった。
- Qing changed its mind upon hearing the opposition of the Ryukyuans to divisional rule over the islands; and as a result, the negotiation did not end in agreement.
- そのため、日比谷焼打事件をはじめとして各地で暴動が起こり、戒厳令が敷かれるに至った。
- Popular uprisings broke out in various places beginning with the Hibiya Incendiary Incident, and martial law was declared.
- 幕末に至って安政の改革で徳川斉昭(水戸徳川家)が海防参与となり、幕政参加を許された。
- In the Ansei Reform during the end of the Edo Period, Nariaki TOKUGAWA (the Mito-Tokugawa family) became a coastal defense officer and was allowed to participate in the shogunate government.
- 河内源氏はこのように武名を現したことから、事実上清和源氏の嫡流の地位を占めるに至った。
- Thus, Kawachi-Genji won their samurai name, and practically established their position as the direct descendant of Seiwa-Genji.
- そして、やがて一汁一菜・一汁三菜が日本の伝統的な日常の食事形態として定着するに至った。
- Then, ichiju-issai and ichiju-sansai eventually came to establish themselves as the traditional daily meal patterns of Japan.
- しかし古典の美学を究めるより、笑いを求めて精進の結果、「爆笑王」の異名を取るに至った。
- However, he devoted himself to seeking comedy rather than mastering classic aesthetics, which resulted in bringing him the nickname 'King of great laughter.'
- そして、暦を人為的に操作して朔旦冬至を到来させたり回避させる事(「改暦」)が行われた。
- And Sakutan Toji was brought on or avoided by the artificial manipulation of the calendar (which is a practice called 'kaireki' [calendar revision]).
- その後間もない山崎の戦いで光秀を倒した羽柴秀吉が、信長旧臣中で大きな力を持つに至った。
- On the heels of that incident, Hideyoshi HASHIBA destroyed Mitsuhide in the Battle of Yamazaki, gaining even greater clout among Nobunaga's old retainers.
- しかし、キリシタン禁教の強化と鎖国体制の完成によってこれらの関係は途絶し、幕末に至る。
- However, such relations were cut off due to the tightening of the ban on Christianity and the completion of the national isolation system, and the situation continued till the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.
- これで士族解体の方向が決定付けられてしまったため、士族の反乱が頻発し、西南戦争に至る。
- That set the trend towards dissolving the warrior class, causing the rebellion of persons in the warrior class to occur frequently and leading to the occurrence of the Seinan War.
- 熊本県、士農工商に至るまで、此節は薩兵を慕ふが如き有様にて、万事不都合の義、毛頭無し。
- In Kumamoto Prefecture in these days, all people in the warrior, farmer, artisan, and merchant classes seemed to adore the Satsuma soldiers, saying that there is nothing improper about them.
- これは、当時の元が日本に使者を送った理由や情勢を考えると、至極妥当だとする考えである。
- It seems to be very reasonable, taking into consideration the reason for Yuan's sending envoys to Japan then and its circumstances.
- そのように暦を作成して極秘に調整した(日食や夏至・冬至の予定が狂う可能性が高くなる)。
- Thus they manipulated the calendar in secret (which raised the possibility that solar eclipses and summer and winter solstices would not occur according to the forecasts).
- しかし、廃藩置県は全国約200万人に上るとも言われる藩士の大量解雇に至るものであった。
- However, haihan-chiken was the policy that led to massive dismissal of hanshi (retainers of domain), which was said to be about two millions across the nation.
- 秀吉は、信長の畿内政権を母体として東北から九州に至る地域を平定し、統一事業を完了した。
- Based on the Kinai government established by Nobunaga, Hideyoshi conquered the areas from Tohoku to Kyushu, completing the job of unifying the control of Japan.
- 平氏政権は清盛という一個人に大きく依存しており、清盛の死から数年のうちに瓦解に至った。
- The Taira clan government relied heavily upon Kiyomori himself, and disintegrated within several years of his death.
- 僧坊酒(そうぼうしゅ)は平安時代から江戸時代に至るまで、大寺院で醸造された日本酒の総称。
- Soboshu is a collective term referring to Japanese sake brewed in major temples from the Heian period to Edo period.
- この氏安が円満井座の中興の祖となり、以下禅竹に至るまで代々猿楽の徒として活躍したという。
- It is said that this Ujiyasu became the restorer of the Enmani troupe, and that his successors, from generation to generation up to Zenchiku, played a major role as sarugaku performers.
- 明治以降の皇室典範では譲位を認めていないため、現在に至るまで太上天皇の制度は存在しない。
- Because the Imperial House Acts after the Meiji period do not admit transfer of the throne, the rule of Daijo Emperor does not exist until the present time.
- とりわけ三代将軍足利義満は朝廷への影響力を強め、公武を超越した権威と権力を持つに至った。
- Above all, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third shogun enforced his influence on the Imperial Court, leading to having authority and power surpassing the Imperial Court and shogunate.
- このような公演活動を通じて、歌舞伎は現代に生きる伝統芸能としての評価を得るに至っている。
- These performance activities earn Kabuki a good reputation as the traditional performing arts living in today's world.
- その後、さらに肩幅をひろく取ることが流行し、元禄年間には幅一尺に至って、これが固定した。
- Afterwards, further widening of the shoulders' breadth became popular, and it became one foot in width from 1688 to 1703 and then settled down.
- だが、市場がいまだ高級酒を欲していなかったため、いずれも一般に膾炙するには至らなかった。
- However, since people had not required special grade sake yet, they were not widespread.
- 河内素麺(大阪府)…近代に至るまで隆盛を極めたが、都市化や環境の劣化に伴って次第に衰退。
- Kawachi somen (Osaka Prefecture): Though flourished until the modern times, gradually declined according to the urbanization and the degradation of the environment.
- 中国や日本で採用されていた太陰太陽暦では、冬至を含む月を11月 (旧暦)と定義している。
- According to the lunisolar calendar that was being adopted in China and Japan, November (in old lunar calendar) is defined as the month of Toji.
- 牓示(ぼうじ)とは、所領などの土地の四至あるいは境界のうち重要な地点に立てた掲示のこと。
- The term 'Boji' means a notice put up at shishi (northern, southern, eastern and western boundary) of a territory or the important positions of a boundary.
- 文徳天皇から後一条天皇の万寿2年(1025年)に至る14代の歴史を紀伝体で叙述している。
- In 'Okagami,' the history of emperors for 14 generations, from the Emperor Montoku to Emperor Goichijo in 1025, was stated in Kidentai (biographical historiography).
- また、紀尾井坂の変に至るまでの、実力行使と武力による争乱の時代が幕を開けることとなった。
- In addition, a time of conflict and use of military force resulting in the Kioizaka Incident started.
- 7世紀半ばに阿倍比羅夫らが遠征し、現在の秋田や津軽地方、さらにその北方に至ったとされる。
- In the middle of the seventh century, ABE no Hirafu and others made expeditions and it is believed that they reached as far as present-day Akita and Tsugaru regions or even further North.
- また、能勢の領地は累代の居城であった丸山城を廃して地黄陣屋を置き幕末に至るまで統治した。
- Also, Maruyama-jo Castle, that had been a residential castle for the Nose clan for generations, was replaced with Jio jinya (residence for small clans) in the territory in Nose, which continued to be ruled by the Nose clan until the end of Edo period.
- このことからかえって人気に拍車をかけることとなり、第二次世界大戦後の爆発的流行に至った。
- For this reason, it became even more popular and led to a runaway trend after the World War II.
- 以後、この家系が信玄に最も近い正統とされ、現当主武田英信へ受け継がれて現在に至っている。
- Since then, this lineage has been deemed as the legitimate lineage of Shingen up to today with the current head Hidenobu TAKEDA.
- これが次第に北へ移動し、比良山系によって止められる形で現在の琵琶湖の位置に至ったという。
- Lake Biwa gradually moved northward until it reached its current position, being blocked by the Hira Mountains.
- 平氏一門は知行国支配と日宋貿易で財を増し、10数名の公卿、殿上人30数名を占めるに至る。
- The Taira clan's fortune steadily grew thanks to their management of the provinces in which they were enfiefed and to Japan's trade with Song China, until there were over 10 Taira family members among Kugyo (the top court officials), as well as more than 30 tenjobito (a high-ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace).
- ここからしばらくは熊野川沿いに国道168号線をたどり紀伊路に合流し、熊野本宮大社に至る。
- After that, for some distance it follows National Highway 168 along Kumano-gawa River until joining Kii-ji Road, and finally it arrives at Kumano Hongu-taisha Shrine.
- 実朝死後の源氏嫡流として足利将軍家を確立し頼朝以来の源氏将軍を復活させるに至ったのである。
- He established the Ashikaga shogun family as the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan after the death of Sanetomo, and he managed to revive Genji shogun since Yoritomo.
- また、(機能美までに至らない)実用性の重視、ブランドへの無批判な信仰と依存も野暮といえる。
- Also, an emphasis on practicality (which stops short of functional beauty), together with uncritical faith in and dependence on brand can be considered yabo.
- 当人の人となりと落語家廃業(破門)に至る過程は談志『談志楽屋噺』(文春文庫)に書いてある。
- Raisu's personality together with an episode of his discontinuance of (expulsion from) the rakugo storyteller career are related by 'Danshi Gakuya Banashi' (Greenroom Talk of Danshi, publisher: Bunshu Bunko) authored by Danshi (TATEKAWA).
- いかに生々しく憎く演じるかで、団七が引き立ち観客も団七の苦渋と殺人に至る経過が理解できる。
- How vivid and hateful he acts making Danshichi standout and audience understand Danshichi's anguish and the process leading up to the murder.
- 走水(はしりみず)の海(現在の浦賀水道)に至った時、尊の軽はずみな言動が海神の怒りを招く。
- When they arrived at Hashirimizu no umi (present day the Uraga Channel), Yamatotakeru's thoughtless words and deeds aroused the anger of Watatsumi (a tutelary of the sea).
- 隆季の子四条隆房は鎌倉時代初頭に正二位、権大納言にまで至り、公卿家としての家格を確立した。
- Takafusa SHIJO, the son of Takasue, was promoted to Junior Chief of the Councilor of State, shonii (Senior Second Rank), at the beginning of the Kamakura period, and established the family status of Kugyo (which means 'court nobility').
- それは江戸時代の文化の爛熟のなかで洗練されて完成し、独特の美の世界を形成するに至っている。
- Kabuki was sophisticated and completed in the mature culture during the Edo period, and it now forms its peculiar world of beauty.
- 昭和期になるが八代目市川雷蔵の雷蔵を襲名するまでに至る経緯などはよく知られるところである。
- As an example in the Showa period, the circumstances surrounding succession to the professional name Raizo by Raizo ICHIKAWA VIII are well known.
- だが、結論から言えばそういう者たちは当時は圧倒的な少数派で、脚光を浴びるには至らなかった。
- But to conclude, they were very few in those days and were not paid any attention.
- 高橋至時らは先任の天文方(山路徳風ら)と協力し、寛政9年(1797年)に暦法を完成させた。
- TAKAHASHI and his colleagues cooperated with a former Tenmongata (Toshitsugu YAMAJI and others) to complete a new calendar in 1797.
- 19世紀後半からは写実主義が衰え、印象主義を経て抽象画などのモダニズムに至る変革が起きた。
- After the decline of realism in the latter half of the 19th century, there was a transformation to impressionism and then to modernism to which abstract paintings belonged.
- なお、蒲生氏郷の孫蒲生忠知の死後、無嗣断絶に至った御家騒動もまた、蒲生騒動と呼ばれている。
- The family dispute, which led to extinction of a family line after the death of Tadatomo GAMO, who was the grandson of Ujisato GAMO, is also called as Gamo Sodo.
- 日清戦争中、日本の勝利が間近に迫ると、列強も事の重大性を認識するに至り、干渉を考え始めた。
- When Japan was a step away from winning the Japanese-Sino War, European powerful countries acknowledged the significant risk involved and started considering intervention in Japan.
- そのため、岩倉具視・伊藤博文らの反対に遭い、大隈の意見ともども、採択されるに至らなかった。
- Therefore, Tomomi IWAKURA and Hirobumi ITO disagreed with the draft, and neither Japan's national constitution draft nor Okuma's opinion on a constitution was adopted.
- 怪談や怪奇現象の舞台としても殊に著名で、古来より現代に至るまで、様々な話が伝えられている。
- Midoroga-ike Pond is particularly well known as a backdrop for ghost stories and unnatural phenomenon, with various stories having been told about this pond since ancient times to today.
- 本宗家は江戸時代初期に断絶したが、明治時代に至り、毛利元徳の子・四郎が小早川家を再興した。
- The head family ended in the early Edo period but in the Meiji period, Shiro, the fourth son of Motonori MORI restored the Kobayakawa clan.
- 頼遠の子・藤原経清(亘理権大夫)に至り、亘理地方に荘園を経営するなど勢力の伸張が見られた。
- At the time of Yorito's son, FUJIWARA no Tsunekiyo (Gon no daibu [a provisional master] of the Watari region), the clan managed a shoen (a manor in medieval Japan) in the Watari region, which is the implication of the expansion of the clan's power.
- 『大和物語』の実作者は古くは、在原滋春・花山天皇が擬せられたが、現在に至るまで未詳である。
- ARIWARA no Shigeharu and the Emperor Kazan were purported to be the authors of 'Yamato Monogatari' previously, but the truth has not been found out yet.
- 1333年(元弘3年/正慶2年)に鎌倉幕府が滅亡に至るまでの一連の戦乱を含めることも多い。
- References to Genko no Ran often include a series of conflicts fought until the fall of the Kamakura Bakufu (shogunate government) in 1333.
- 地下請の実施は、被支配者からなる惣村が、支配者の信頼を得るまでに至っていたことを意味する。
- The implementation of jigeuke indicates that the soson gained the trust of the ruling class although it consisted of people under the rule of such class.
- これは対馬藩が山がちで耕作に向いておらず、朝鮮との貿易なくては窮乏が必至となるためである。
- This was because the land of the Tsushima Domain was mountainous and not fitted for farming and was forced to remain in a poor state without trade with Korea.
- 一般的に利用される登山道は、登山口までの交通の便がよい奈良県御所市から山頂に至る道である。
- The most commonly used pass up the mountain is the route from Gose City, Nara Prefecture to the mountaintop, the starting point of which is conveniently located in terms of public transportation.
- ここの牛鬼は出会っただけで人を病気に至らしめたり、影を嘗め取ることでその人を食い殺すという。
- This Ushioni was believed to have made people suffer from a disease if people just came across it, or bitten people to death by licking their shadows off.
- これは明治時代の地租改正までに至る福知山藩の土地制度の基礎となったため、松平検地と呼ばれた。
- This formed the basis for the land system of the Fukuchiyama Domain untill the land-tax reform came into force in the Meiji period, and was called Matsudaira's Kenchi (the land survey).
- 中世に九条家領はさらに広がり、江戸時代は家禄二千石を領し、のち三千石に加増され、明治に至る。
- The Kujo family's fiefdom continued to expand during medieval times. They held the lordship of Karoku, an area of land that yielded 2,000 koku of rice in the Edo era and 3,000 koku later on, until the Meiji era.
- このようにして、胡弓音楽は当道座の盲人音楽家たちによって作られ、今に至るまで伝承されてきた。
- In this way, Kokyu music was composed by blind musicians at Todo-za and has been handed down to subsequent generations until now.
- 周王朝時代には確立していたであろう暦法に則った冬至は一年が始まる日として強く認識されていた。
- The winter solstice under the lunar calendar, which was established in the Zhou Dynasty, was understood as the day when the year started.
- 漢代に暦法は改訂さたが、依然として冬至は意識され続け、その日に祭天の儀は引き継がれ催された。
- The calendar was revised in the Han Dynasty, but the winter solstice continued to be remembered, and the ceremony of Saiten continued to be held.
- 次の1870年の朔旦冬至の際に明治政府は古い因習として、以後こうした儀式は行わない事とした。
- When the next Sakutan Toji arrived in 1870, the Meiji Government decided against organizing such a ceremony in the future, regarding it as an old convention.
- なお、1年で日の出の時刻が最も遅い日・日の入りの時刻が最も早い日と、冬至の日とは一致しない。
- Incidentally, the latest sunrise or earliest sunset of the year is not experienced on the day of Toji.
- 皇孫に至って臣籍降下することを「二世の源氏」といい、一世の源氏よりも家系的には不利を蒙った。
- The demotion of the grandsons of the emperors was called 'Nisei no Genji' (Minamoto clan of the second generation) and they had disadvantages against Issei no Genji.
- 平安遷都の794年から1185年頃まで、9世紀から12世紀に至る約4世紀にわたる時代である。
- The Heian period ranged over about four centuries from A.D. 794 (the year of the national capital transfer to Heian-kyo) to around A.D. 1185.
- これ以後は幕藩体制が確立して改易、転封は減少して大名は固定化されるようになり、幕末に至った。
- The shogunate system was established afterwards and accordingly, the application of kaieki and transfers decreased, and the allocation of Daimyo was fixed until the end of the bakufu.
- さらに同年、越前・加賀国で信長に反逆した一向宗徒を根絶やしにし、同地を支配下に置くに至った。
- In the same year, Nobunaga also eradicated the Ikko sect followers who rebelled against him in the Echizen and Kaga Provinces to take control of the area.
- 薩摩士族兵達の苛烈な白刃突撃や白兵戦を見て、日本軍は白兵戦を重視するに至ったとの意見もある。
- There is an opinion that, seeing the sight that soldiers from warrior class in Satsuma furiously rushed in with swords and waged hand-to-hand fights with swords, the Japanese army became to place importance on hand-to-hand fights.
- 忠恒のみならず家康も忠真に立腹したが、もはや島津の敵ではあるまいとこの場は許すに至っている。
- Not only Tadatsune but also Ieyasu was angry with Tadamasa; however, they decided to forgive him because he could no longer be a threat to the Shimazu clan.
- この乱は、島津氏家中最大の内乱であり、最終的には徳川家康の仲介により解決に至ったものである。
- This rebellion, which was the largest revolt within the Shimazu clan, was eventually resolved through the mediation of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- この琉球問題の決裂と日本の台湾への野心の疑いから清側ではこの後対日強硬論が唱えられるに至る。
- This breakdown in negotiations over the Ryukyu issue and the suspected ambition of Japan to rule Taiwan caused opinions supporting a hard-line policy against Japan.to increase in Qing.
- 観光地はあるものの、市域の狭さおよび京都市から至近であることなどから、市内に宿泊施設はない。
- There is no accommodation in Muko City even though the city has tourist spots, for it is small in area and adjacent to Kyoto City.
- 阪急京都本線:東向日駅、西向日駅 ※市北端部付近は市境至近の京都市西京区内の洛西口駅が近い。
- Hankyu Kyoto Main Line: Higashimuko Station and Nishimuko Station (note that for the area on the northern edge of the city near the border, Rakusaiguchi Station in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City is a station located nearby.)
- 主な観光コースは9合目駐車場まで自家用車やバスで登り、その後、遊歩道で山頂に至るものである。
- The main tourist course is; you drive to the ninth station by car or bus, then, stroll on a path for walkers to the top.
- ところが、近年はそばを打つ家庭が減少傾向であり、その伝統が蕎麦屋に受け継がれ現在に至っている。
- In recent years, however, the tradition of soba making has been taken over by soba restaurants as home-made soba began a downward trend which continues to be the situation today.
- 女手の書きぶりでその人の評価が決まることや和歌の流行などから、かな書道の全盛期を迎えるに至る。
- A person's worth was evaluated based on how beautifully onna-de characters were written, and waka poems were made widely, leading to the heyday of kana character calligraphy.
- 明治天皇陵では、天智天皇陵に範を取ったといわれる上円下方式が採用され、以降、今日に至っている。
- The Mausoleum of Emperor Meiji adopted the style of a dome-shaped mound on a square base which was modeled after Mausoleum of Emperor Tenchi and continued after that to this day.
- 宮(みや)とは、元々、天皇並びに皇族の邸の事を指し、転じて住んでいる皇族のことを指すに至った。
- Miya originally means the Emperor's or Imperial family's palace, later on it changed to mean; the family who lives in the Imperial Palace.
- その後、木寺宮家は静覚入道親王まで続くが、その後の赤津中務少輔に至までの二代の方が不明である。
- After that the Kideranomiya family continued to exist until Cloistered Imperial Prince Jokaku, however there was no record of the details of the other two generations that followed until Akatsu nakatsukasanosho (vice minister to Nakatsukasakyo).
- 広島駅弁当に至ってはイベントの際に日産48000食を供給したという実績を持っているほどである。
- Hiroshima-Eki-Bento Co., Ltd. has a business record that it supplied 48,000 box lunches in a past event.
- 2005年が前年12月25日、2006年に至っては前年12月30日が投函のピークと報じられた。
- It was reported that the peak of posting nengajo for 2005 was December 25 of the previous year, and that the peak posting for 2006 was as late as December 30 of the previous year.
- 江戸時代以降は濃醤はほぼ廃れてしまい、鯉を材料とした鯉こくのみが生き永らえて現在に至っている。
- Kokusho almost disappeared after the Edo period, and only koikoku, a variety of kokusho with carp, remains up until today.
- 客家は冬至の日に団子やお供えを並べた台を門前に据え、ろうそくや香を焚いて先祖に祈る儀式がある。
- The Hakka people (Han Chinese who speak the Hakka language) have a rite wherein they pray to their ancestors on the winter solstice, placing a stand with some dumplings and other offerings on it in front of their house, lighting candles and burning incense.
- そして、その章首における冬至の日は必ず朔旦冬至となるように暦法が作られるのが原則とされていた。
- A general rule was to develop rekiho (a calendar-making method) in such a way that Toji is always Sakutan Toji in Shoshu.
- しかし、兵糧蔵を落とされたことで数日以内に援軍が来なければ落城必至という状況に追い詰められた。
- However, after the army provisions storeroom was destroyed, they were pushed into a desperate situation where the castle would have fallen if reinforcements had not arrived within a few days.
- 明治時代に至り、公爵毛利元徳の子・四郎が小早川家を再興し、華族に列して男爵の爵位を授けられた。
- In the Meiji period, the son of Prince Motonori MORI, Shiro restored the Kobayakawa family and was in the peerage to become a Baron.
- 昭和期に入ると国粋主義的な天皇を中心とする歴史観(皇国史観)や勧善懲悪史観が隆盛するに至った。
- Then, entering the Showa period, nationalistic views of history centered on the Emperor (Kokoku Shikan, that is emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto) and poetic justice views of history became prosperous.
- その奥書に、現行の近江八景と同様の名所と情景の取り合わせに至る八景成立の経緯が紹介されている。
- The colophon of the scroll explains the details about how the eight views that are the same places of the present eight views were selected.
- 比較的平坦だったため現在に至るまでメインルートとなっており、現在は国道25号に指定されている。
- As this highway was relatively flat, it has been used as a major traffic route till today, which is currently designated as National Route 25.
- 日本三景はいずれも世界遺産登録に動いたが、現時点では厳島神社(登録)以外は登録に至っていない。
- Each of Nihon Sankei tries to have itself registered to World Heritage, but, so far, they have not been registered except Itsukushima-jinja Shrine (registered).
- 伏見区深草の鴨川東出入口から、稲荷山トンネル (京都府)を経て山科区西野山の山科出入口に至る。
- This route runs from Kamogawa Higashi Interchange in Fukakusa, Fushimi Ward via Inariyama Tunnel (Kyoto Prefecture) to Yamashina Interchange in Nishinoyama, Yamashina Ward.
- その後、勘助と出逢った後は大器ある君主として成長し、クライマックスの川中島合戦へと物語りは至る。
- Shingen grew up to be a honorable monarch after he met Kansuke, and then the story came to a climax with the battles of Kawanakajima.
- 元和5年(1619年)浅野長晟に従って広島藩に移って以来、広島の地で維新や被爆を経て現在に至る。
- In 1619, following Nagaakira ASANO, he moved to the Hiroshima domain, since then, the Ueda family has stayed in Hiroshima all the way to the present day, experiencing the Meiji Restoration and the Atomic-bomb attack.
- また、神武天皇から昭和天皇に至るまで、歴代天皇は皆、皇居の宮中三殿の一つの皇霊殿に祀られている。
- In addition, all successive emperors are enshrined in one of the Three Shrines in the Imperial Court of the Imperial Palace called Korei-den (the Imperial Ancestors' Shrine).
- 地歌的な作品、地歌三味線を使った曲は宮城道雄をはじめ、こんにちに至るまで少なからず作られている。
- Nevertheless, some jiuta-like numbers and pieces that used jiuta shamisen are created today by people such as Michio MIYAGI.
- そもそも正月料理の歴史そのものの研究が不十分であり、どちらが正しいかを判断するには至っていない。
- This issue has not been settled yet, because the history of New Year's dishes has been insufficiently studied.
- このような状況のなかで、許衡はクビライの近侍にまで至り、朱子学を元の宮廷に広める役割を果たした。
- Under these conditions, Kyo Ko (Xu Heng) managed to become a valet of Kublai (Khan), and played a role in spreading Neo-Confucianism to the Imperial court of Yuan.
- 以後明治に至るまで表千家の歴代家元は紀州徳川家の茶頭として仕え、中級武士並の二百石の禄を受けた。
- Thereafter, the successive iemoto of Omote-senke served the Kishu-Tokugawa family as the sado receiving a stipend of 200 koku, which was equivalent to that for a middle-echelon samurai.
- 原材料が変化しても呼称だけは残り、葛籠という字があてられたまま「つづら」と呼ばれるに至っている。
- Even after its materials were changed, they have kept using the name, 'Tsuzura,' and still use the Chinese character, 葛籠, even today.
- 歌詞は古今集などの和歌そのものであり、音楽的にも組歌や雅楽などへの復古的志向が至る所に見られる。
- Words are waka poems as they are taken from Kokinshu, and the music also shows revivalistic intentions to kumiuta and the traditional Japanese music.
- この日の夜半に七条東洞院から出火、折からの東風に煽られて朱雀大路に至るまでの三十数町が全焼した。
- The fire started during the night from Shichijo Higashinotoin and spread by the east wind that was blowing at that time and reached Suzaku-oji Street, burning about thirty something cho.
- その結果、平時は知行地で農業にも携わった家臣を完全なる文吏または武人として専業化させるに至った。
- As a result of the policy, vassals who had been engaged in agriculture in their territories in times of peace became full-time bureaucrats or warriors.
- 四至(しいし/しし)とは、古代・中世における所領・土地の東西南北の境界を指して呼んだ呼称である。
- The term 'Shishi' (also pronounced Shiishi) referred to the northern, southern, eastern, and western boundaries of a tract of territory/land in ancient and medieval times.
- しかしながら、7、8日の官軍の反撃によって八代に至ることができず、再び坂本付近まで押し戻された。
- However, counterattacked by the government army on the 7th and 8th of the month, the Satsuma army could not reach Yatsushiro and pushed back to the vicinity of Sakamoto Village.
- 朱子は読書・修養によって聖人の高みに至るとしたが、その筆頭に置かれた「格物致知」に根拠を求めた。
- Zhu Xi said that a person reached the level of sage through reading and self-cultivation, and sought the basis of this in 'kakubutsu chichi,' the top items among the eight.
- しかし、いずれにしても日本側の感情を逆撫でする効果は十分にあり、「征韓論」が巻き起こるに至った。
- However, these Toraifu's dealings had enough effect to stroke Japan's fur the wrong way, and it brought 'Seikanron' (insistence on making Korea open to the world by military power) in Japan.
- (至京都駅) ← 保津峡駅※ - 馬堀駅 - 亀岡駅 - 並河駅 - 千代川駅 → (至園部駅)
- (from/to Kyoto Station) - Hozukyo Station [1] - Umahori Station - Kameoka Station - Namikawa Station - Chiyokawa Station - (from/to Sonobe Station)
- (至国際会館駅)←九条駅 (京都府) - 十条駅 (京都市営地下鉄) →(至竹田駅 (京都府))
- (from/to Kokusai-Kaikan Station)- Kujo Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Jujo Station (Kyoto Municipal Subway) - (from/to Takeda Station (Kyoto Prefecture))
- (至竹田駅 (京都府))← 鞍馬口駅※ - 北大路駅 - 北山駅 (京都府) →(至国際会館駅)
- (from/to Takeda Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Kuramaguchi Station [*] - Kitaoji Station - Kitayama Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - (from/to Kokusai Kaikan Station)
- (至国際会館駅) ← 丸太町駅 (京都市営地下鉄) - 烏丸御池駅 → (至竹田駅 (京都府))
- (from/to Kokusai Kaikan Station) Marutamachi Station, Karasuma Miike Station (from/to Takeda Station)
- その後、受験戦争、ゆとり教育、総合学習などが話題に上がり、教育社会学的な議論がなされるに至った。
- Later, Juken senso (a system of fiercely competitive entrance examinations), Yutori education (more relaxed education policy) and integrated study, etc., were discussed, leading to socio-educational controversy.
- 保津峡(ほづきょう)は、京都府亀岡市から京都市右京区嵐山の渡月橋に至る大堰川(保津川)の景勝地。
- The Hozukyo Gorge, a picturesque scenic spot on the Oi-gawa River (the Hozu-gawa River), starts at Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture to Togetsu-kyo Bridge in Arashiyama, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City.
- また、粟田口は逢坂関への入口であり、平安京から近江国を経て東国に至る道の起点として重要視された。
- Awataguchi was an entrance to Osaka no seki (Osaka Barrier, which was one of the barriers of the road system of old Japan) and regarded as a major starting point of the road from Heian-kyo to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, the term is used in the old days) via Omi Province.
- なお、『乱』で音楽を手掛けた武満とも黒澤は激しく対立し、降板こそしなかったものの決別に至っている。
- Kurosawa was also in fierce conflict with Takemitsu, who had produced music for 'Ran' and after the completion of the movie, he broke ties with Takemitsu.
- 江戸や京都の能楽師から地方の素人弟子に至るまでひろく享受された背景には右のごとき事情が考えられる。
- Therefore, the reason why it was widely received by various people from noh performers in Edo and Kyoto to their amateur disciples in local regions can be found in this point just mentioned above.
- さらに明治6年明治天皇の断髪に至ると、伝統的な男髷を結う男性は激減し、洋髪やざんぎり頭が流行した。
- In 1873, the Emperor Meiji turned to bobbed hair, and men who tied traditional topknots for men decreased in numbers drastically and the western hair style and the shortcut hair style became widespread instead.
- 最終的に1921年、梅若実・梅若万三郎の兄弟及び分家六世観世華雪が独立して梅若流を創設するに至る。
- Finally in 1921, the brothers Minoru UMEWAKA and Manaburo UMEWAKA and Kasetsu KANZE, the sixth of the branch family, became independent from Kanze-ryu and established Umewaka-ryu.
- 800粒ほど残っていた種籾から2004年に復刻が開始され、2007年に醸造可能な収量を得るに至る。
- Revival commenced in 2004 with approximately 800 grains of seed rice, and in 2007 a quantity sufficient for brewing was yielded.
- 高野豆腐と呼ばれるに至ったのは、江戸時代に於いて高野山の土産として珍重されたからとも言われている。
- It was said that people started calling it Koya-dofu because it was prized as a souvenir of Mt. Koya during the Edo period.
- 江戸時代から現代に至るまで浅草寺では12月17日から12月19日まで「羽子板市」が開催されている。
- Since the Edo period through to modern times, a 'Hagoita Racquet Festival' is held at the Senso-ji Temple between 17 – 19 December.
- 蹴鞠に関する種々の制度が完成したのは鎌倉時代で、以降近代に至るまでその流行は衰えることは無かった。
- Rules concerning kemari underwent various refinements and were finally systematized in the Kamakura period, thereafter, the popularity had never declined.
- 東京都新宿区の穴八幡宮で配られる「一陽来復」のお守りは冬至からであり、金銀融通の利益があるという。
- The charm 'ichiyoraifuku' (return of spring) delivered in the Anahachiman-gu Shrine in Shinjuku ward in Tokyo prefecture from the winter solstice is effective for economic fortune.
- 日本では、この日に柚子湯に入り、冬至粥(小豆粥)やカボチャを食べると風邪をひかないと言われている。
- It is said in Japan that taking yuzu-yu (a yuzu citron bath) and eating Toji-gayu (winter solstice rice gruel), which is azuki-gayu (rice gruel with red beans), and pumpkins on the day prevent catching cold.
- 秀吉は人も動物も皆殺しにするよう厳命し、城内にいた者は非戦闘員はおろか馬や犬猫に至るまで全滅した。
- Hideyoshi harshly ordered the killing of all people and animals, so that all in the castle including not only noncombatants but also horses, dogs and cats were killed.
- 関東から京への旅、『源氏物語』とのめぐり会い、結婚から晩年に至るまでを記した生涯の回想日記である。
- It is a diary flashing back her entire life that contained the journey from the Kanto region to Kyoto, the encounter with 'Genji Monogatari,' and the period from her marriage to her afterlife.
- この傾向は王心斎の一派にも見られ、それ故にもはや儒教ではなく 禅宗の学だという批判を招くに至った。
- This tendency was also seen in the Wang Xinzhai's group, which led to Yomeigaku being criticized as no longer Confucianism but Zen Buddhism teaching.
- 当時の唐は至るところで諸民族を征服しており、丁度このころの唐の勢力圏は中華史上最大のものであった。
- At that time, the Tang Dynasty was conquering many territories in various places, and at this point the sphere of Tang's reach of power was the largest in the history of China.
- 当時李氏朝鮮でも朱子学は形骸化しつつあったが、鄭は陽明学によって儒教を再生することを唱えるに至る。
- In Yi Dynasty Korea, Shushigaku was losing substance but through Yomeigaku, Cheng managed to revive Confucianism.
- ここに至って明治新政府も陰陽寮が反「近代科学」勢力の中心になる事を恐れて陰陽寮の解体に乗り出した。
- Then, finally the new Meiji government launched dissolution of Onmyoryo for the fear of it becoming the core of the anti-modern science power.
- 1980年頃にはすっかり日本各地で普及するに至り、寿司は家族で訪れるような庶民性も取り戻していった。
- In around 1980, due to such sushi bars and shops completely became popular in various places in Japan and was visited by families, sushi regained the common touch.
- 輸入杯台は錫製が大半であり、結果、日本の煎茶道では現在に至るまで錫製の茶托を最上とするようになった。
- Majority of imported sakazuki-dai was made by tin, therefore tin chataku is considered the finest in Japanese Senchado until today.
- これは特に仁(天神様)の部分に多く、多量に食べると青酸中毒に陥り、最悪の場合は死に至る可能性がある。
- It's found a lot, particularly in the part of the kernel (Tenjin-sama); if eaten in a sufficient quantity, poisoning with hydrocyanic acid can develop, which, in the worse-case scenario, may result in death.
- 「古老の曰(い)へらく、倭武の天皇 海辺に巡り幸(いでま)して 乗浜(のりのはま)に行き至りましき。
- According to the old man, Emperor YAMATO Takeru came to the beach and arrived in Nori-no-hama.
- わび茶はその後、堺市の町衆である武野紹鴎、その弟子の千利休によって安土桃山時代に完成されるに至った。
- Wabicha was fully developed by Shoo TAKENO, who was one of the merchant class members in Sakai city, and his pupil, Rikyu SEN in Azuchi-Momoyama Period.
- 令制によれば、一品親王以下、臣下の位階に至るまでは、当色(とうじき=服の色目)は礼服と同じであった。
- According to the ritsuryo code, from Ippon Shinno (the first-ranked Imperial Prince) down to subjects the tojiki (the color corresponding to one's official rank) of chofuku was the same as that of raifuku (formal attire).
- 日本では、古来より江戸時代初期に至るまで、真夏の盛りを除いて一年を通じて以下のように酒を醸していた。
- In Japan from time immemorial through until the early part of the Edo period, with the exception of mid-summer, sake (rice wine) was brewed year-round as follows:
- 冬至の日には北緯66.6度以北の北極圏全域で極夜となり、南緯66.6度以南の南極圏全域で白夜となる。
- The polar night occurs in the whole Arctic Circle to the north of the northern latitude of 66.6 degrees, and the night of the midnight sun in the entire Antarctic Circle to the south of the southern latitude of 66.6 degrees, on the day of Toji.
- これは宮中に納められていたが、1554年に至り正親町天皇により典薬頭半井(なからい)家に下賜された。
- It had been housed in the court until 1554, when it was given by Emperor Ogimachi to the Nakarai family, who served as Tenyaku no kami (the head of Tenyaku ryo, the Bureau of Medicine).
- 一説に、暮色四辺にたちこめ、ついに日暮れるに至り、軍艦長は帰途における襲撃を恐れたからであるという。
- According to one theory, as sun was setting in, the chief was afraid of the raid by Japanese people on his way back.
- 10代松田憲秀に至って松田氏は全盛に達し、北条家の重代の筆頭家老として権勢並ぶものが無かったという。
- The Matsuda clan was at their zenith at the time of the tenth head Norihide MATSUDA, and they were unmatched in power as successive Hitto karo (the head of chief retainers) of the Hojo family.
- 足立信頭が寛政の改暦(寛政暦)のために高橋至時の助手となり、天保6年(1835年)天文方に任じられた。
- Nobuakira ADACHI became the assistant of Yoshitoki TAKAHASHI at the time of Kansei calendar revision (Kansei Calendar) and was appointed to Tenmonkata in 1835.
- また、永樂了全より後の永樂家は永樂保全、永樂和全など優れた陶工を輩出し、千家に作品を納めて今日に至る。
- Additionally, many skilled potters such as Hozen EIRAKU and Wazen EIRAKU appeared from the Eiraku family after Ryozen EIRAKU, and this family has been making tea equipment for the Senke (House of Sen) ever since.
- 室町時代に至り、立太子が中絶し、皇位継承者は親王のままで即位することが一般化すると、黄丹袍は中絶した。
- The use of oni no ho was suspended in the Muromachi period when the investiture ceremony of the Crown Prince was suspended and the heir to the Imperial Throne ascended the throne from the status of imperial prince.
- その後近世に至るまで高辻家、五条家、東坊城家、唐橋家、清岡家、桑原家の6家の堂上家を輩出するにいたる。
- Between that time and early-modern times, the Sugawara clan produced the six Houses of Tosho (families which were allowed to provide nobles), these being the houses of Takatsuji, Gojo, Higashibojo, Karahashi, Kiyooka, and Kuwabara.
- 第二は、聖武天皇に至る奈良時代の直系天皇が、天智天皇の直系ではなく、天武天皇の系統に属することである。
- The second criticism is related to the fact that the direct line emperors during the Nara period up to Emperor Shomu are not of the direct line of Emperor Tenchi but they belong to the line of Emperor Tenmu.
- その結果、これに倣う銭湯が東京や東日本を中心に続出し、銭湯といえばペンキ絵という観念を生じるに至った。
- Subsequently there appeared a succession of sento, mainly in Tokyo and eastern Japan, and this generated the concept that the word 'sento' made people imagine the painted art.
- その中で最も威力があり武士に好まれたのが大弓で、大弓を用いた射術も発展し現在に至り、弓道として残った。
- The one that had the most strength and favored by bushi was Daikyu long bow, and the archery evolved and remains today as kyudo.
- 77日後に蓮華が開敷し、勢至や観音から聞法信解して菩提心を起し、10小劫を経て菩薩の初地に入るという。
- After 77 days later since they arrived there, lotus flowers are in full bloom and they listen to monpo (the teachings of Buddha) from Kannon (Deity of Mercy) and Seishi (bodhisattva) and understand them, which arises deep devotion to Buddha in their mind and after a long time, they can entered the first stage of Bosatsu.
- そのために『至花道』などで理論化された「二曲三体」の習道を行うよう、過去の著作を引用しつつ説いている。
- So, it says at the first part of the book that 'Nikyoku Santai (Two performances; songs and dance, and three roles; senior men, women, and warriors) should be practiced, using the quotation from the books in the past.
- ところが、その麹酸に肝臓癌などを誘発する危険性が指摘されるに至り、味噌や醤油の発がん性が問題になった。
- On the other hand, the carcinogenicity of miso and soy sauce became an issue when it was pointed out that kojic acid leads to the risk of liver cancer.
- この河原山城の戦いは伯耆国内での中世最後の戦いと言われるが、戦いに至るまでに次のような経緯が存在した。
- Referred to as the last battled in Hoki Province in the Medieval period, the Battle of Kawarayama-jo Castle developed in the following way.
- 小国氏は、質の高い資料において断続的に見られており、戦国期に至っても信用できる系図を持った氏族である。
- The Oguni clan appears intermittently in reputable historical materials and has a reliable genealogy even until to the Sengoku (Warring States) period.
- 後、元朝によって南宋が亡ぼされた結果、南北中国の交流が始まり、朱子学は漸く華北にも地歩を築くに至った。
- Later, when the Yuan Dynasty defeated the Southern Song Dynasty, relations developed between northern and southern China and Shushigaku began expanding into northern China.
- そして遂に、第4代公方・足利持氏の時代には第6代将軍・足利義教と武力衝突(永享の乱)するまでに至った。
- In the end, during the era of the fourth Kamakura-kubo Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, the conflict resulted in an armed clash (the Eikyo War) with the sixth shogunate Yoshinori ASHIKAGA.
- なお、こうした風潮は商人間のみに留まらず、朝廷や幕府から庶民に至るまで広がっていったと考えられている。
- This trend is considered to have spread not only among merchants but also among the Imperial Court, bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and common people.
- このため、褌の用語は卑語のように扱われ、「下帯」、「締め込み」などの用語で代用されるようになるに至った。
- During the changing period, the term 'fundoshi' gradually treated like a vulgar word, and to be replaced with terms such as 'shitaobi' (a belt for underwear) or 'shimekomi' (a thing to tighten up, such as a sumo wrestler's cloth belt).
- 「遠くは八王子の炭焼 田圃の歯っかけじじい、近くは山谷の古遣手、梅干婆に至るまで、茶呑み話の喧嘩沙汰。」
- My fights have always been talked about by everyone from the charcoal-sellers of Hachioji and toothless rustic old men in the fields to old madams of a brothel and hags in this gay quarters.'
- 四世寿朴の代に至って、徳川綱吉の命により弟権七(祐玄)が別家して下掛宝生流を興し、宝生流の座付となった。
- During the time of the fourth generation head named Suboku (寿朴), his younger brother named Gonshichi (also known as Yugen) branched from this school and established the Shimogakari Hosho school by order of Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, and this school contributed to the Hosho school.
- 十五世観世元章(1722年〜1774年)に至り、観世流は徳川家重・徳川家治二代にわたる能師範を独占した。
- During the era of the 15th Motoakira Kanze (1722-1774), Kanze-ryu monopolized the position of Noh teacher in the two successive reigns of Ieshige TOKUGAWA and Ieharu TOKUGAWA.
- 『風姿花伝』『至花道』『花鏡』といった能楽論を執筆して、実演・実作・理論の諸方面で能楽の大成につとめた。
- He also wrote theory books of Nohgaku such as 'Fushikaden,' 'Shikado' and 'Kakyo,' trying to establish Nohgaku in the fields of performance, writing Noh dramas and theory.
- その結果、海鶴の門下である鈴木翠軒が国定の習字教科書の執筆をするに至り、この基準は確固たるものとなった。
- As a result, Suiken SUZUKI, a disciple of Kaikaku, became an author of national school textbooks for calligraphy, making the standards even more solid.
- これが新聞に載って国民の士気を鼓舞し、京都霊山護国神社にある坂本龍馬の墓前に忠魂碑が立てられるに至った。
- This ran in the newspapers arousing the morale of the nation, which lead to the establishment of a monument for loyal souls in front of Ryoma SAKAMOTO's grave in Reizan Gokoku Shrine.
- ここに至って纓の先端が垂れずに頭上に上がったままの現在も天皇が被る御立纓(ごりゅうえい)の冠が登場した。
- Court caps called Goryuei (literally, 'standing ei'), whose ei did not hang down but stood on the head, finally appeared during this period, and this type of Court caps are still used by the current Emperor.
- 4月に軍を率いて筑紫国に至り、志摩郡 (筑前国)に屯営したが、6月に病気を得て新羅への進軍を延期とした。
- In April in the same year, leading the army, he reached Tsukushi Province and stationed in Shima County (Chikuzen Province), but had to postpone his military advance to Shiragi after falling ill in June.
- 弓道は『精神修養の道』として復活し、当時を代表する弓道家らにより『弓道射法八節』が定められ、現在に至る。
- Kyudo was revived as 'a path to mental training' and 'Kyudo-shaho Hassetsu' was established by representative Kyudo-ka at that time, which has been in use until now.
- 作り置きが可能であり携行性に優れることから、日本では古くから今に至るまで弁当の主食として重宝されていた。
- In Japan, onigiri has been regarded as the staple food in a boxed lunch through all ages because it is cookable ahead and portable.
- こうした無茶な行為によって不可逆的な疾病を患ったり、急性症状によって死に至る例もあったと伝えられている。
- It is said that this act caused an irreversible disease or even a death due to acute presentation.
- 世帯主の兼業では、兼業しながらの営農法や家計ノウハウが受け継がれるため、営農放棄に至る確率は比較的低い。
- In cases where the family holds dual occupations, the possibility of abandonment of farming is relatively low, because the method of agricultural management and household know-how are passed on to successors in the course of operating farming.
- 特に後北条氏は北条氏政の切腹に至り、伊達政宗、南部晴政、最上義光らを帰順させる事に繋がった(奥羽仕置)。
- Especially in the case of the Gohojo clan, it led to seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) of Ujimasa HOJO, and it also caused Masamune DATE, Harumasa NANBU, and Yoshiaki MOGAMI to return to their allegiance to Hideyoshi (Ou shioki or the punishment of Ou).
- 1275年(日本の建治元年・元の至元十二年)、クビライは再び礼部侍郎杜世忠を正使とする使者を日本に送る。
- In 1275, Kublai sent envoys again to Japan, with assistant minister of rites Shizhong DU as chief envoy.
- 滋賀県の面積の6分の1を占め、流れ出る水は瀬田川、宇治川、淀川と名前を変えて、大阪湾(瀬戸内海)へ至る。
- Lake Biwa occupies one-sixth of Shiga Prefecture's land area, and the water flowing from the lake flows into Osaka Bay in the Seto Inland Sea through the Seta-gawa River, whose name changes to the Uji-gawa River and later the Yodo-gawa River.
- しかし、長年の抗争で衰退させた家運の回復までには至らず、天文18年(1549年)に今川義元の猛攻に敗退。
- However, it was not enough to recover the family fortunes which was decayed by the longtime rivalries, and was subsequently defeated by the fierce attack of Yoshimoto IMAGAWA in 1549.
- そして離合集散の結果、「泰東書道院」・「東方書道会」・「大日本書道院」の安定した大規模な団体の結成に至る。
- Then through many changes, big, stable bodies of 'Taito Shodo-in' (the Taito calligraphic association) 'Toho Shodo-kai' (the Toho calligraphic association) and 'Dainihon Shodo-in' (the Dainihon (literally, great Japan) calligraphic association) have been established.
- それを辿って行くと、やがて山奥の洞窟に至り、そこには巨大なクモがおり、このクモがすべての怪異の正体だった。
- tracing the bloodstains, they reached a cave far up on a mountain, where they found a monster spider, the original form of all evil phenomena;
- 757年の道祖王の廃太子後の後継者選びでは藤原豊成・藤原永手らの推薦を受けたものの立太子には至らなかった。
- In the selection of a successor to Prince Funado (Funado no Okimi), the deposed Crown Prince in 757, he was not installed as Crown Prince even though he was recommended by FUJIWARA no Toyonari and FUJIWARA no Nagate.
- 天皇制は昭和天皇の各地への行幸や明仁結婚などのイベントを通して大衆に浸透し、一定の支持を得るに至っている。
- People accepted the Tennosei through events such as the Emperor Showa's visits to various places and Akihito's wedding ceremony and the Tennosei is receiving reasonable support.
- それは安土城の姿を知る決め手の一つと考えられ、現在に至るまで捜索が行われているが、未だに発見されていない。
- Regarded as the critical evidence to know the appearance of Azuchi-jo Castle, the folding screen has been searched, but not yet discovered.
- 戦国時代に入ると紀北から河内・和泉南部に至る勢力圏を保持し、寺院城郭を構えてその実力は最盛期を迎えていた。
- In the Sengoku period, it was at the height of its prosperity, holding power in the areas from Kihoku to Kawachi Province and south of Izumi Province and having a temple castle.
- 攻略には至らなかったがこの攻撃で籠城側は抗戦を断念し、翌22日、主だった者53人の首を差し出して降伏した。
- The besiegers could not capture the castle, but the besieged gave up resistance with this attack and surrendered, submitting 53 heads of important persons on the following day, the 2nd.
- 両脇侍像が跪座している点が特徴であり、勢至菩薩像内の銘文から久安4年(1148年)作であることが判明した。
- It features statues of wakiji (attendants statues) kneeling on both sides, and was identified as a creation of 1148 according to the inscription inside the statue of Seishi Bosatsu.
- 慶長5年(1600年)には五大老の徳川家康に対し三成方が挙兵し、武断派は家康方に荷担し関ヶ原の戦いに至る。
- In 1600, when Mitsunari and his followers took up arms against Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who was a member of the Council of Five Elders, the Budan-ha faction sided with Ieyasu leading to the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 初代・大納言梅小路定矩以降、江戸時代の石高は、蔵米50石であったが、明治に至り華族に列し子爵に叙せられた。
- After the first generation Dainagon (chief councilor of state), Sadanori UMEGAKOJI, their hereditary stipend during the Edo period was fifty koku in warehouse rice; later, during the Meiji period, the family ranked as Kazoku (nobility) and conferred upon the title of viscount.
- 甲斐国では甲斐源氏の流れを汲む武田氏が上杉禅秀の乱に荷担して没落し戦国時代に至るまで抗争状態が続いていた。
- In the Kai Province, the Takeda clan, that were descended from Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan in Kai) took sides with Zenshu UESUGI's disturbance and fell down, and struggled with situations until the sengoku period.
- 例えば富士山に登るのに、吉田から、須走りから、須山から、それぞれ登れるが、最終的に頂上に至れば同じ所である。
- You can climb Mt. Fuji from any starting point at Yoshida, Subashiri, and Suyama, but you will eventually reach the summit and find yourself in the same place.
- 近代に至り、臨時祭の廃止により天皇が着用しなくなり、六位蔵人の制もなくなったため、現在では着用されていない。
- In the modern age, with the abolition of the special festivals and the system of the Rokui no Kurodo, nobody, including an emperor, wears the Kikujin no ho any more.
- 明治以降では初の平民の皇太子妃であり、また結婚に至る過程が報道されたこともあって市民からは熱烈に歓迎された。
- The new Crown Princess received an enthusiastic welcome from the nation, because she was the first commoner to be the Crown Princess after the Meiji period, as well as the process to the marriage had been reported.
- 明治維新を経て幕府解体、また第二次世界大戦と以後の煽りを受けるなど三度の衰退を見るが戦後に復興、現在に至る。
- Despite losing popularity for a second time following the dissolution of the bakufu (the Tokugawa shogunate) that was brought about by the Meiji Restoration and for a third time following the outbreak of World War II and its immediate aftermath, yabusame experienced a revival after the end of the war and remains popular to this day.
- 「江戸時代に至ってもなお、庶民は一般的に怨霊に対する畏怖感、恐怖感を抱いていた」という民俗学上の分析もある。
- Some analysis of folklore suggests that 'even during the Edo Period people generally harbored feelings of awe and fear to the dead.'
- 蹴鞠は貴族だけに止まらず、天皇、公家、将軍、武士、神官はては一般民衆に至るまで老若男女の差別無く親しまれた。
- Not only aristocrats, but also the emperors, Court nobles, shogun, samurai, Shinto priests, and the general public, irrespective of age or gender, also liked kemari.
- その後、阿蘇氏は江戸時代を存続して明治時代に至り、1884年、当主の阿蘇惟敦が男爵を授けられて華族に列した。
- The Aso clan then continued throughout the Edo and Meiji periods, and in 1884, Koreatsu ASO, the head of the family at that time was baronized and the clan was raised to the peerage.
- さらに江戸時代になると戦時の大規模な動員もなくなった結果、備の定員はほぼ定まり制度として完成の域へと至った。
- Furthermore, during the Edo period there was no more need for large-scale wartime mobilization, and as a result, the enrollment limit of sonae became almost fixed and it was perfected as a system.
- このように衝突には至らなかったが、新羅の大国意識の高揚により、新羅使も779年を最後に途絶えることとなった。
- In this way, although no conflict occurred, envoys from Silla were discontinued after the final embassy in 779, due to Silla's rising sense of national greatness and prestige.
- 泰親には九条兼実、有世には足利義満という政治的な後援者がいたからこそここまでの昇進に至ったという意見もある。
- Some people say that they could reach such high positions because there were politician supporters: Kanezane KUJO for Yasuchika, and Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA for Ariyo.
- 同じく子孫は尾張藩に仕え、幕末に至るまで旧河和城下に屋敷(河和屋敷とよばれていたらしい)を持っていたという。
- His descendants also served in the Owari Domain and possessed a residence (called Kawa Yashiki) in the former castle town of Kawa.
- こうして歩かれなくなっていった小辺路は、昭和30年代に至って、紀伊山地山中の主要交通路としての役割を終えた。
- As explained above, people gradually did not use Kohechi, and in the 30's of the Showa era the road ended its role as the main road in the Kii Mountains.
- 本作は現在に至るまで大衆文学・ドラマ・漫画・アニメなど各ジャンルの創作に影響を与え、多くの翻案が生み出された。
- 'Hakkenden' has influenced creative activities in various genres including popular literature, drama, comics and animation, and has been adapted many times.
- 作意趣向を凝らしたことで知られ、造園、建築、諸道具から料理に至るまで「織部好み」と呼ばれるものが伝わっている。
- He was known for his innovative approach, and many things--from gardens, architecture and various tools to cooking--have been labeled 'Oribe Konomi' (Oribe taste).
- 宮内省(当時)が近畿各地の寺社旧家や、有力な伝説地などの調査を行なったが陵墓に関わる資料は発見に至らなかった。
- Although the Imperial Household Ministry (now the Imperial Household Agency) investigated temples, old houses and places appearing in legends in Kinki region, no materials were found that convey information on his mausoleum.
- この結果、幕府によって後鳥羽院政と後鳥羽系統の皇統は全て廃されたが、皇位継承すべき者が不在という事態に至った。
- Consequently, the Imperial line of Emperor Gotoba's Cloistered government and Emperor Gotoba were abolished, and this caused a problem because there was no one to succeed to the Imperial throne.
- 次子の良新親王は津島神社の神職となり、子孫は社領のある尾張国中島郡氷室村から氷室を称して明治に至ったとされる。
- His second son, Imperial Prince Ryoshin is said to have become a Shinto priest in Tsushima-jinja Shrine, and his descendants called themselves Himuro, from Himuro Village, Nakashima County, Owari Province, where the shrine was located, and lived until the Meiji period.
- 日本刀の材料・製法を一部変更したものから、日本刀の形態を模した工業刀に至るまで、様々な刀身が試作・量産された。
- Various bodies of blades from the ones with partly changed materials or from production methods of Japanese swords to industrial swords representing the shape of Japanese swords were made as prototypes or in large quality.
- 近年から現在に至るまで、妖怪は様々な媒体(マスメディア)で紹介されてきたため、老若男女が知るものとなっている。
- From the recent past to now, yokai have been introduced through various forms of mass media, and therefore they are known among young and old alike.
- このことがきっかけとなり、現在に至り断続的に発掘調査が行われ、城の縄張りなどが少しずつ明らかになってきている。
- The survey set off an intermittent excavation and research that's still ongoing, and the nawabari (castle plan; general term for the layout of a castle and its component structures) of the castle and other things have come to be known little by little.
- 下京区から分区した名残で、南区の担当集配郵便局が、下京区にある京都中央郵便局(南区北端部と至近)となっている。
- Collection and delivery in Minami Ward is operated by Kyoto Central Post Office (located near the northern edge of Minami Ward) in Shimogyo Ward due to the Minami Ward's history of separation from Shimogyo Ward.
- 後陽成天皇にその才能を寵愛され、地下官人では異例の院昇殿が認められ、従五位下近衛府から正四位上大蔵省に至った。
- Emperor Goyozei was pleased with Mototada's ability and granted Mototada permission to enter the ex-emperor's palace--which was an extraordinary privilege for low ranked officials; then, Mototada was raised from Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), the Lieutenant of the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards to Shoshiinojo (Senior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade), the Treasury Commissioner in the Office of the Treasury.
- 839年の帰路は、山東半島南海岸から黄海を横断して朝鮮半島南海岸を経て北九州に至るルートがとられたようである。
- It seems that, in the return journey in 839, people took the route starting at south coast of the Shandong Peninsula and reached Japan at northern Kyushu, crossing the Yellow Sea via the south coast of the Korean Peninsula.
- 北九州(対馬を経由する場合もある)より朝鮮半島西海岸沿いを経て、遼東半島南海岸から山東半島の登州へ至るルート。
- Route starting at northern Kyushu (sometimes via Tsushima) and reaching Tonshung in the Shandong Peninsula via the west cost of the Korean Peninsula and the southern coast of Liaodong Peninsula.
- 明治に至り廃藩置県等の体制の変革により、同心・足軽等一部は羅卒・兵卒・下士官・末端役人として引き続き出仕した。
- The arrival of the Meiji period and system reforms such as Haihan-chiken (the abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) meant that some doshin and ashigaru continued to serve as police officers, soldiers, noncommissioned officers and low-level officials.
- 久田流を称して主に東海地方に広まるが、その一方両替町住邸は元治元年(1864年)の兵火により焼失して現在に至る。
- He named his school the Hisada school, and actively spread his teachings throughout the Tokai region; however, in 1864 the residence in Ryogae-machi was consumed in a fire caused by a war, and has not been rebuilt to this day.
- 政友は商売上の心得を『文殊院旨意書』にまとめたが、これは現在に至るまで住友グループ各社の社是の原型となっている。
- Masatomo wrote instructions pertaining to business in 'Monjuin's Directions,' which remains the prototype for company codes in each company of the Sumitomo Group to the present day.
- また数年後、忠実は嫡男忠通と院の養女・藤原璋子(のちの待賢門院)との縁談を断り、再び白河院の勘気を蒙るに至った。
- After a few years Tadazane refused the marriage arrangement with his eldest son, Tadamichi and the adopted daughter, FUJIWARA no Shoshi (later called Taikenmonin), by doing this, again, he gave bad impression to Emperor Shirakawa in.
- 流通段階での発酵の進み具合も勘案し、適度な発酵に至った段階で、消費期限やブランド銘が記された包装を施し出荷する。
- Natto is packed and shipped in a package which has an expiry date and brand indication when it reaches the appropriate degree of fermentation taking into consideration the progress of fermentation during transportation.
- その完成期までの古筆は特に上代様と称され、今日に至ってもかな書道古典の代表として多くの学書者の手本とされている。
- Ancient calligraphy up to the complete period is usually called jodaiyo and, because it represents classic calligraphy, it is still used today as a model by many learners.
- このように、武力紛争が絶えない幕府の状況は、1219年(承久1)1月の将軍・源実朝の暗殺という最悪の事態に至る。
- The continuing armed conflicts of the bakufu culminated in the assassination of shogun MINAMOTO no Sanetomo in January 1219.
- 安土町のプロジェクトチームがイタリアのローマに渡り、「安土城之図」と伝わる屏風絵を探したが発見には至らなかった。
- In 2005, a project team in Azuchi-cho Town went to Rome in Italy in search of a painting on a folding screen, which is believed to be 'Painting depicting the Azuchi-jo Castle,' but in vain.
- この制度は王朝国家から初期武家政権に至るまでの税制の基本となり、一国平均役などの賦課基準としても用いられていた。
- This system became the basis of the taxation system from the court government to the early military government, and was also used as the taxation standard for Ikkoku heikinyaku (taxes and labor uniformly imposed on shoen and kokugaryoi (provincial land) in a province.
- 吉保の子柳沢吉里の代で大和国郡山藩(奈良県大和郡山市)に転封され、彼の家系は15万石の大名として幕末まで至った。
- During the time of Yoshisato YANAGISAWA, the son of Yoshiyasu, the governing land of the clan was switched to the Koriyama Domain, Yamato Province (currently Yamato Koriyama City, Nara Prefecture), and his family continued to be a daimyo with 150,000 koku until the end of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- だが、若山は勝と黒澤のトラブルを予期し、それに巻き込まれることを嫌って出演依頼を断ったため、実現には至らなかった。
- However, anticipating trouble between Katsu and Kurosawa, Wakayama declined the offer to avoid incident, thus this casting was not realized.
- 『月瀬記勝』は明治時代・大正時代に至るまで土産物店で手軽に購入できるガイドブックとして多くの人々にもてはやされた。
- 'Tsukigase Kisho' was a very popular guidebook which was readily available at souvenir shops until as recently as Meiji and Taisho periods.
- 日本の弓道、弓術で弓道射法八節稽古、及び確認、慣らしを行うために至近距離で矢を受ける藁を俵状に束ね巻き束ねたもの。
- It is a sheaf of straw bunched together in a shape of bale to take arrows at point-blank range, as the training of Kyudo-shaho Hassetsu (eight arts of shooting an arrow), checking the characteristic of bow, or warming up in Kyudo or Kyujutsu, the art of Japanese archery.
- しかし、これに発して岡倉らが育てて現在に至る日本画はそれとも異り、洋画の対抗勢力としてその後に発達したものである。
- However, the Nihon-ga established then and fostered by Okakura and others up until the present has continued to develop as a rival force to Yo-ga.
- そのために『花鏡』、『至花道』、『三道』などの伝書を執筆し、自己の能楽理論の継承と座の繁栄を磐石たらしめんとした。
- For the purpose of accomplishing it, he wrote densho (books handed down from ancestors) such as 'Kyoka, 'Shikado' and 'Sando' in order to consolidate the succession of his Noh theory and the prosperity of his troupe.
- 数ある僧坊酒の中で、奈良の寺院が造った「南都諸白(なんともろはく)」は室町時代に至るまで長いこと高い名声を保った。
- Among many Soboshu, 'nanto-morohaku' brewed by temples in Nara had kept a high reputation for a long time until the Muromachi period.
- Of numerous kinds of soboshu, 'Nanto-Morohaku' made by temples in Nara retained a high reputation for a long time, until the Muromachi period.
- その上で、その四隅の境界線に牓示(記となる杭などを打つあるいは付近の自然物に印を付ける)を行って四至を明確にした。
- Thereafter, they clarified Shishi by putting on Boji (notices) (planting stakes or putting marks on nearby natural things) on the four corners of shoen.
- さらに宣教師や商人によって日本人が奴隷として奴隷貿易事件が発生し、ここに至って豊臣秀吉はバテレン追放令を発布した。
- In addition to that, a slave-trade incident occurred in which missionaries and merchants sold Japanese people into slavery, which finally made Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI decide to issue the order expelling Jesuit missionaries.
- (至太秦天神川駅)←御陵駅 - 山科駅 - 東野駅 (京都府) - 椥辻駅 - 小野駅 (京都府)→(至六地蔵駅)
- (from/to Uzumasa Tenjingawa Station) - Misasagi Station - Yamashina Station - Higashino Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Nagitsuji Station - Ono Station (Kyoto Prefecture) -(from/to Rokujizo Station)
- しかし、このような小弓公方家の急速な勢力拡大は後北条氏や古河公方家に危機感を抱かせ、両者に同盟を結ばせるに至った。
- This rapid expansion of the influence of the Oyumi-kubo family had set the Gohojo clan and the Koga-kubo family on their guard, which resulted in the alliance between these two families.
- 平辻からはスギ植林地の中の地道を進んで県道川津高野線に降り立ち、川原樋川(かわらびがわ)のほとりの大股集落に至る。
- From Taira-tsuji crossroads, an unpaved road goes into a forest of Japanese cedars, descends to Prefectural Road Kawatsu-Koya Line, and reachs Omata Village near Kawarabi-gawa River.
- 大詰第一場(極楽寺屋根立腹の場)の弁天小僧切腹から第二場(極楽寺山門の場)の駄右衛門登場に至る「強盗返」も目を惹く。
- Another eye-catching scene is 'gando gaeshi' (to pivot one large piece of scenery onto its side so as to reveal a different one) performed from a scene of Bentenkozo Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) in Scene One (scene of Gokurakuji yane tachibara) to a scene of appearance of Daemon in Scene Two (scene of Gokurakuji sanmon) of Ozume (final act).
- しかしいずれもジャンルの一角を形成したといえるほどの成功には至らず、むしろこの流行はチルドカップ市場で発達している。
- None in this category achieved a success in making up a part of the genre and this particular trend rather developed in the chilled-cup market.
- 安元3年(1177年)建春門院の死去によって、後白河と平氏の関係は悪化の兆しを見せていたが破局には至っていなかった。
- In 1177 after the death of Kenrei mon in, the relationship between Goshirakawa and the Taira clan seemed to be getting worse, however, it did not collapsed.
- 宣房に至っては息子・万里小路藤房が後醍醐天皇へ行った諫言が受け入れられずに出奔してしまうと、天皇と袂を分かっている。
- As for Nobufusa, he parted ways with the emperor after his son, Fujifusa MADENOKOJI absconded when his advise to Emperor Godaigo was not accepted.
- 広義門院の受諾を得るほかに解決策が皆無の幕府は、広義門院へ懇願を重ね、6月19日にようやく承諾を取り付けるに至った。
- The Bakufu had no choice but to obtain the acceptance of Kogimonin; they asked Kogimonin over and over, finally obtaining her approval on June 19.
- 江戸時代に入り、元禄年間に宮中での祈年祭の復興が企画されたが為らず、明治時代の神祇官復興に至ってようやく再開された。
- During the Genroku era of the Edo period, Kinen-sai festival in Imperial Court was planned to be revived but failed, so the revival came true only after Jingikan was reestablished in Court in the Meiji period.
- それまで三味線と箏は演奏者が同じでも合奏させることはなかったが、彼に至って地歌に箏を合奏することを始めたと言われる。
- It is said that shamisen and koto had not been played for ensemble even by the same player until he started it.
- しかし、その後江戸幕府はキリスト教の禁教政策を強化し、1624年(寛永元年)にはスペイン船の来航を禁止するに至った。
- However, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) tightened the ban on Christianity later, and in 1624, Spanish ships were prohibited from visiting Japan.
- (至京都市営地下鉄京都市営地下鉄東西線太秦天神川駅まで乗り入れ)←御陵駅 - 京阪山科駅 - 四宮駅→(至浜大津駅)
- (linking up with Kyoto Municipal Subway Tozai Line to Uzumasa Tenjingawa Station) - Misasagi Station - Keihan Yamashina Station - Shinomiya Station - (from/to Hamaotsu Station)
- その後仇討ちは武士階級の台頭以来広く見られるようになるが、江戸幕府によって法制化されるに至ってその形式が完成された。
- Later, Katakiuchi became prevalent along with the rise of the samurai hierarchy, and when the practice was legislated by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), it took a complete form.
- 平安末期に近衛天皇の皇后であった藤原多子(後に二条天皇の皇后となる)を最後に、現在に至るまで太皇太后は登場していない。
- FUJIWARA no Masaruko, the Empress of Emperor Konoe (she later became the Empress of Emperor Nijo) in the late Heian period, was the last Japanese grand empress dowager up to the present date.
- しかし、天皇を最高機関とせず国民主権原理に基づく日本国憲法が成立するに至り、天皇機関説は解釈学説としての使命を終えた。
- However, with the enactment of the Constitution of Japan which doesn't set the emperor as the highest organ and is based on the principle of popular sovereignty, the Emperor Organ Theory ended its duty as an interpretation theory.
- 倭姫は菟田(うだ。奈良県宇陀郡)・近江国・美濃国を経て伊勢国に至り、五十鈴川の辺に祠を建てて、伊勢神宮を興したという。
- After Yamatohime had been to Uda (Uda-gun, Nara Prefecture), Omi Province and Mino Province, she reached Ise Province and built a hokora (a small shrine) by the Isuzu-gawa River in order to make Ise-jingu Shrine prosperous.
- その見解によると、幕府が提案した内容については上記のとおりであるが、皇太子と次代の皇太子は決定に至らなかったとされる。
- According to this opinion, although the bakufu in fact made the above proposals, an agreement was not reached concerning the Crown Prince and the successive Crown Prince.
- 合気道の技を通して敵との対立を解消し、自然宇宙との「和合」「万有愛護」を実現するような境地に至ることを理想としている。
- Its ideal is to resolve conflict with the enemy through aikido techniques, and to reach a state of realizing 'harmony' and 'loving and protecting all things' in nature and the universe.
- オリオン座は、アルテミスがアポロンの策略によって、自らオリオンを弓矢で射抜いたため、死に至り天空に星座として象られた。
- The origin of Orion is as follows; Orion was shot to death by Artemis because of Apollo's plot and was imitated in the heaven.
- それも戦国時代 (日本)に入ると、神木動座を行うこと自体が困難となり、文亀元年(1501年)を最後に姿を消すに至った。
- In 'the Sengoku period' (Period of Warring States), Shinboku Doza no Goso itself became difficult, and it came to an end in 1501.
- なお、荘園の四至牓示や公領・荘園を問わず一国平均役などを徴収する場合などは国司による検注も行われ、検注状が作成された。
- In addition, when ikkoku heikinyaku (taxes and labor uniformly imposed on manors and provincial land in a province) were imposed regardless of shiishiboji (notices on every corner of the territory in order to clarify the boundaries) of manors or whether the land is public (koryo) or private manors, kenchu by kokushi (an officer of local government) was carried out, and kenchujo (the report of the kenchu) was issued.
- 三千院境内にある往生極楽院の本尊で、阿弥陀如来像は来迎印を結び、観世音菩薩、勢至菩薩を脇侍とする阿弥陀三尊坐像である。
- This is the honzon within Sanzen-in Temple, and consists of three seated statues of Amida Sanzon (Amida Triad); Amida Nyorai pausing Raigo-in, Kanzeon Bosatsu and Seishi Bosatsu as the attendants of Amida Nyorai.
- 国民は、憲法の内容が発表される前から憲法発布に沸き立ち、至る所に奉祝門やイルミネーションが飾られ、提灯行列も催された。
- People were excited about the new constitution even before contents of the constitution were announced, and celebration gates and illuminations were seen everywhere, and a lantern procession was held.
- 室町時代・戦国時代 (日本)・安土桃山時代を経て江戸幕府成立に至る過程で、次第に武士が公権力を担う領域は拡大し続けた。
- In the formation process of the Edo bakufu through the Muromachi, Sengoku, and Azuchi-Momoyama period, the area where the bushi were in charge of the official authority gradually and continuously increased.
- 仁左衛門の芸は、驚くべきことながら七十代の後半から八十代に至って飛躍的に深化し、一躍、名優の列に加えられることになった。
- Surprisingly, the acting of Nizaemon was remarkably sophisticated from his late seventies to his eighties, and suddenly he was added to the list of excellent actors.
- 第4代藩主・大村純長時代の明暦3年(1657年)、城下北部の郡村3村より多数の隠れキリシタンが発覚し逮捕されるに至った。
- In 1657, the era of Suminaga OMURA, the 4th lord of the domain, a large number of crypto-Christians were exposed and arrested in three villages in a rural district in a northern part of the castle town.
- 氏郷の死後、政務を独占したため、蒲生郷可、蒲生郷成、それに小姓組の筆頭格であった亘理八右衛門らと完全に対立するに至った。
- As he had dictated the political duties since Ujisato died, he found himself in the direct confrontation with Satoyoshi and Satonari GAMO and Hachiemon WATARI, who was the top of the koshogumi (page corps).
- また、その際には牓示の正確な位置を記した絵図(四至牓示絵図)を作成して領域を確定することで、後日の境相論の防止に努めた。
- In such cases, relevant persons made a picture map (Shiishiboji ezu) that showed the exact position of Boji in order to confirm the territory of shoen and prevent future disputes over its boundaries.
- 観応の擾乱に伴う幕府行政組織の崩壊に伴って衰退・廃止に至ったと考えられ、足利義満の時代には存在しなかったと見られている。
- It is considered that Naisogata declined and was eventually abolished in the wake of the collapse of bakufu's administrative organization caused by the Kanno Disturbance and it didn't exist in the era of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- 更に当時の風習として、「朔旦冬至」の到来や回避を行うため、天体の動きとは無関係に人為的な暦の調整(「改暦」)が行われた。
- It was the custom of the day to manipulate the calendar in order to pretend that 'sakutan toji' came or did not come regardless of the cycle of celestial bodies (which is called 'kaireki').
- 地方三新法が制定された頃は、西南戦争は終結に至るも、農民一揆が頻発し、また自由民権運動が拡大しつつある社会状況であった。
- When the Three Local New Laws were enacted, the Seinan War had drawn to its close, but peasants' uprisings were occurring frequently and the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) was growing.
- 土地課税を重視する考えは9世紀前期の藤原冬嗣執政期の頃から存在していたが、個別人身支配の原則を覆すまでには至らなかった。
- Although the idea of emphasizing tax on land existed in the era when FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu was in power during the first half of the 9th century, it stopped short of reversing the principle of people-based governance.
- (至太秦天神川駅) ← 西大路御池駅 - 二条駅 - 二条城前駅 - 烏丸御池駅 - 京都市役所前駅 → (至六地蔵駅)
- (from/to Uzumasa Tenjingawa Station) Nishioji Oike Station, Nijo Station, Nijojo-mae Station, Karasuma Miike Station, Kyoto Shiyakusho-mae Station (from/to Rokujizo Station)
- これにより、北朝の6代6人の天皇のうち後小松天皇を除く5代5人は、今日に至る125代の歴代天皇に含まれないこととなった。
- Among the 6 emperors of 6 eras in the Northern Court, only Emperor Gokomatsu is counted as one of the 125 past emperors to this day, the rest being excluded because of this sanction.
- 下は庶民から上は大名クラスの領主達に至るまで、ほとんど全ての階層が、自ら同等な階層の者と考える者同士で一揆契約を結んだ。
- In that society, people of nearly every level, from the commoners to the feudal lords in the daimyo (territorial lord) class signed contracts of ikki with others whom they considered to be of the same level.
- 「夕方早くに蕎麦屋で独り、種物の蕎麦を肴に酒を飲む」ことが、スノッブ(俗物根性)さも臭わせる趣味として横行するまでに至る。
- It ultimately acquired the status of a popular snobbish hobby to visit a soba restaurant in the early evening alone to eat soba with toppings and drink sake.
- 『山城国風土記』逸文では、賀茂県主の祖の賀茂建角身命は神武天皇の先導をした後、大和の葛城を通って山城国へ至ったとしている。
- A surviving fragment of 'Yamashirokoku-fudoki' (description of regional climate, culture, etc.) states that KAMO taketsunumi no mikoto, the ancestor of KAMO no agatanushi, passed through Katsuragi in Yamato on his way to Yamashiro Province after guiding the Emperor Jinmu.
- 内閣制度、市町村制、府県制、郡制の制定など、津々浦々に至る官僚制支配体系の整備と並行して、莫大な皇室財産の設定を行なった。
- The Emperor also set up the huge Imperial property along with all sorts of maintenance of bureaucratic control systems such as establishing the Cabinet system, municipality system, Prefectural system, and the district system.
- 和洋を並存させ、また建築と庭とを一体化させることで場面や奥行きを生じさせ、日本の美意識に通じる空間構成を完成させるに至る。
- By presenting western style and Japanese style simultaneously and unifying the building and the garden, gives the scene depth, and completes the space composition that is connected to a sense of beauty of the Japanese.
- 丸太町通から烏丸通に入り南下、 御池通、河原町通 と京都の中心部を練り歩き、最後は三条通から神宮通に入って平安神宮に至る。
- It proceeds along Marutamachi-dori street and southward on Karasuma-dori street, then moves through the center of Kyoto City, from Oike-dori street to Kawaramachi-dori street, and Sanjo-dori street, heading north on Jingu-dori street to return to Heian-jingu Shrine.
- 甲冑武者同士の戦闘は最終的には組討による決着に至ることが多く、ここにおける技法が組討術であり後の柔術の源流の一つとなった。
- Fighting between heavily-armored samurai often finally came to an end by grappling, and grappling skills employed in such fighting became one of the origins of Jujutsu (one of the classical Japanese martial arts).
- インドの「カレー」は英国に紹介されて評判となったが、ふつうのイギリス人には多様なスパイスを使いこなすことは至難の業だった。
- Although Indian 'curry' became famous with the introduction to Britain, it was very difficult for ordinary British people to learn how to use the variety of spices.
- その後牛海綿状脳症問題や、本質は一過性流行であったこともあり、東京などの大都市圏などでは絶対的に定着するには至らなかった。
- However, it didn't take root in big city areas like Tokyo; part of the reason was that there was a BSE issue and also the popularity was just temporary.
- 章首の年にはまず前の章の締めくくりにあたる7番目の閏月を迎え、その後に到来するその年の冬至をもって新しい章の開始とされた。
- In the year of Shoshu, the seventh leap month concluded the preceding chapter, and the Toji following it marked the beginning of a new chapter.
- この点を踏まえて占術研究家の松岡秀達は、六壬神課の解説から始めて『占事略决』の解説に至る著述を松岡2007として上梓した。
- In view of the above, divination researcher Hidetatsu MATSUOKA published his book as 'Abe no Seimei 'Senji ryakketsu' Shokai,' in which he explained Rikujinshinka as well as 'Senji ryakketsu.'
- 大量の山茶碗のほか粘土紐巻き上げ成形による大形の壺を生産しはじめ、これが東北地方北部から九州地方に至る広い範囲に流通した。
- Apart from a large amount of Yamajawan, big-sized pots molded with strings tied up started to be manufactured, and they were supplied to a wide area, from the northern Tohoku region to the Kyushu region.
- 至本は貿易の成否に関わらず、帰国時に現金5000貫文を納めることを約して、予定通り翌康永元年(1342年)8月に元へ渡航。
- Shihon promised to offer 5,000 kanmon regardless of the outcome of the trading, and sailed to Yuan in September 1342 as scheduled.
- 朱子学との連続性を考慮するならば、宋以後における聖人の世俗化の動きが、明代中葉・末期に至ってひとつの頂点を迎えたといえる。
- When taken as a continuation of Shushigaku, popularization of the sage after the Song period culminated in Yomeigaku towards the middle and end of the Ming period.
- 其児名加差披余其児名乎獲居臣世々為杖刀人首奉事来至今獲加多支鹵大王寺在斯鬼宮時吾左治天下令作此百練利刀記吾奉事根原也(裏)
- The name of his child was Kasahi(ha)yo; The name of his child was Owake no Omi; I have served the king as a head of Jotojin (a guard who protected noble men) until today; When Wakatake(ki)ru(ro) King's temple was located in Shikinomiya, I served and supported him; So as a token of my service, this sword was made (the back side).
- これらの書物は比較的短文で、また勝手な解釈を混入させるに適当な内容の書物であったため、利用されるに至ったと考えられている。
- It is considered that the books were adopted because they were composed of relatively short sentences and the descriptions allowed readers to interpret them at their discretion.
- (至国際会館駅) ← 四条駅 (京都市営地下鉄) - 五条駅 (京都市営地下鉄) - 京都駅 → (至竹田駅 (京都府))
- (to/from Kokusai Kaikan Station) - Shijo Station (Kyoto Municipal Subway) - Gojo Station (Kyoto Municipal Subway) - Kyoto Station - (to/from Takeda Station (Kyoto Prefecture))
- そしてついに永禄元年(1558年)には将軍義輝と近江守護六角義賢の攻撃を受けて和睦し、長慶は幕府御相伴衆に列するに至った。
- Finally in 1558, attacked by the troops of Shogun Yoshiteru and Yoshikata ROKKAKU, Shugo of Omi, Nagayoshi was forced into a rapprochement, and joined the Bakufu Goshobanshu (private guards of the Shogun).
- 1927年、友情人形としてアメリカ合衆国に贈られたことから、一時期、人気が出たが、おもちゃとしての復権までには至らなかった。
- After the doll was given to the U.S. as a friendship doll in 1927, it temporarily gained popularity, but it could not make a comeback as a toy.
- 1910年(明治43年)7月、二条城至近の押小路通女学校通西北角に同社初の撮影所をオープン、「横田商会二条城撮影所」とした。
- In July 1910, the company opened the first film studio of its own at Seihokukado, Oshikoji-dori Street, Jogakko-dori Street, very close to Nijo-jo Castle, and named it 'Yokota Shokai Nijo-jo Studio.'
- その個性的な風味は好き嫌いが極端に別れるため、好奇心や目新しさで話題を呼ぶものの、定番化まで至らず販売終了となることが多い。
- Although it furnished a topic of conversation due to its novelty and people's curiosity, personal preferences on its distinctive taste were sharply divided, and so it frequently finished selling without becoming a standard product.
- これは武家に仕えていて手討ちに遭った女性の着物だろうと思い、菩提寺に着物を納めて弔ったところ、娘の病気も回復に至ったという。
- He thought that the kimono should have belonged to a woman servant who had gotten slashed to death by her master of buke (a samurai family), and he therefore offered it to the family temple to mourn for the dead, thus resulting in recovery of his daughter.
- 追号は勅裁により定められたものであるから、誤りが判明しても「綸言汗の如し」としてこれを改めることが出来ず、現在に至っている。
- A posthumous title is an imperial decision, so even when a mistake is discovered, due to the old belief that what an Emperor says once cannot be taken back, the mistake could not be fixed, and this is why this mistake still exists today.
- こうして洋食そのものが家庭の味として定着し、いまや多くの人にとって和食と同様に日本の食文化として位置づけられるに至っている。
- Yoshoku has become popular in Japanese households and has been considered to be a part of Japanese food culture as well as Japanese food.
- 梅玉はしばしば上京しては「吉野山」の定高や「合邦庵室」の玉手御前などの至芸を見せて東京の歌舞伎ファンから高く評価されていた。
- Baigyoku often came to Tokyo and showed his unrivaled performance in role such as Sadataka in 'Yoshinoyama' and Tamategozen in 'Gappo Anshitsu (Gappo's country hermitage)', and was appreciated highly by Kabuki fans in Tokyo.
- 戦禍から即席に再生させた醸造設備は乏しく、せっかく貴重な原料米を入手しても健全醗酵できず、腐造に至る場合も相次いで起こった。
- Since the brewing facilities which were instantly revived from the damage of the war were poor, sake breweries could not achieve safe fermentation in spite of getting precious rice and often resulted in putrefaction.
- そして前田利家や金森長近ら旧織田家臣を自分の配下として組み込んだ秀吉は、信長の事実上の後継者としての地位を確立するに至った。
- After having old vassals of the Oda clan, including Toshiie MAEDA and Nagachika KANAMORI work under him, Hideyoshi made himself the actual successor to Nobunaga.
- しかし、幕末に至っても両家による全国編成は完了せず、百姓身分のまま神職を勤める '百姓神主' がかなりの割合で存在していた。
- However, nationwide organization by the families did not end even at the end of the Edo period, and there was a significant proportion of 'hyakusho priests,' who served as Shinto priests while staying at the farming rank.
- 寿永・治承の内乱から奥州合戦に至るまでの恩賞給与に当たっては、関東武士らの満足が得られるものとなるよう最深の注意を傾注した。
- He paid careful attention to ensure that Kanto samurai warriors were content with the rewards they received during the period between the Jisho-Juei Civil War and the Battle of Oshu.
- 下品下生、下品中生、下品上生から上品上生に至るまで九つの往生の段階があるという「九品往生」の考えから、九体の如来をまつった。
- The nine figures of Nyorai were enshrined based on the belief of 'kuhon ojo;' nine levels of birth, from gebon gesho (lower grade: lower birth), gebon chusho (lower grade: middle birth), gebon josho (lower grade: upper birth), to jobon josho (upper grade: upper birth) were in the Pure Land.
- 兼実が「王者の沙汰に至りては、人臣の最にあらず」(『玉葉』8月14日条)と言うように、この介入は治天の君の権限の侵犯だった。
- This intervention would have violated the authority of chiten no kimi (supreme ruler) as Kanezane expressed in his words, 'Because this is a matter that the retired emperor should decide, vassals must not dictate what to do' ('Gyokuyo,' entry of September 9).
- 前者は政治・経済・軍事といった諸方面から国家のあり方を論じたもので、特に皇帝専制政治批判は舌鋒鋭く、清末に至り再評価された。
- The former book describes how the nation should be from various viewpoints including political, economical, and militarily, sharply criticizes the autocracy of the Emperor, and was re-evalued at the end of the Qing period.
- 明朝の政治・思想に多大な影響を与えた陽明学であったが、その明朝と共に衰退し、清朝では考証学に学問の主役の座を奪われるに至る。
- Yomeigaku deeply influenced politics and thought during the Ming Dynasty; it then declined with the Ming Dynasty and during the Qing Dynasty, Kosho-gaku replaced Yomeigaku as the main school of the academic thought.
- 何度も火災に遭いながらも、そのたびに再建されて明治に至ったが、明治天皇の東京奠都によってその歴史的役目を終えて取り壊された。
- Although the residence had been repeatedly burnt down and rebuilt, it ended its historical role following the Emperor Meiji's move from Kyoto to Tokyo, and it was demolished.
- しかしこれは当時の国際情勢を鑑みれば鎖国の下でのみ通用する政策であり、そのことが日米和親条約後の金流出へと至る原因となった。
- While this was a policy that could only work in national isolation from the viewpoint of the international situation at that time, it caused gold to move overseas after the Treaty between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan.
- この後日本は紆余曲折を経て度重なる条約締結により朝鮮王朝(大韓帝国)の保護国化と1910年朝鮮併合へ至る道を進むこととなる。
- Subsequently Japan made its way to creating the Korean Dynasty (The Korean Empire) a protected state and Annexation of Korea in 1910 through conclusions of treaties many times after complicated negotiations.
- 市役所は東舞鶴市中舞鶴支所に置かれることとなり、人口は15万人を超え、日本海側有数の大都市として重要な地位を占めるに至った。
- The city hall was to be located in the Naka-Maizuru branch of Higashi Maizuru City, and the total population reached over 150 thousand people, making Maizuru City the largest, most important city on the Japan Sea Coast.
- 初代・内匠頭(非参議・従三位)・岡崎宣持以降、江戸時代の石高は、蔵米30石であったが、明治に至り華族に列し子爵に叙せられた。
- After the first generation, Nobumochi OKAZAKI was the official architect for the Imperial Building Bureau (Hisangi, Jusanmi - Junior Third Rank), his hereditary stipend during the Edo period was thirty koku, but since the Meiji period, the family ranked as Kazoku (nobility) and was conferred the title of viscount.
- 15世紀末に至り、伯父北条早雲の助けで家督争いに勝利した今川氏親は、亡父今川義忠の代で頓挫していた遠江国への再侵攻を試みた。
- At the end of the 15th century, Ujichika IMAGAWA who won succession dispute with the help of his uncle Soun HOJO attempted invasion upon Totomi Province, which had failed at the time of his late father Yoshitada IMAGAWA.
- 醍醐天皇の時代に三善清行が大学頭・文章博士を務めて参議まで至り、延喜3年(903年)頃にはカバネを宿禰から朝臣に改められた。
- In the era of the Emperor Daigo, Kiyoyuki (or Kiyotsura) MIYOSHI was appointed Daigaku no kami (Director of the Bureau of Education) and Monjo hakase (professor of literature), rising to the position of Sangi (councilor), and the kabane (official status title) of the clan was changed from Sukune to Ason (second highest of the eight hereditary titles) around 903.
- その笹を主食とするニホンジカの数が増え、針葉樹の実生や樹皮までも採食するといった複合的な要因によって現在の環境に至っている。
- As a result, the number of the Japanese deer that mainly eat bamboo has increased and they even eat seedlings and barks of conifers; these complex factors affect the present environmental conditions.
- この梧竹の留学と楊守敬の来朝によって、明治維新の初年、御家流を滅ぼした唐様の新派に代わって六朝書道が流行するに至ったのである。
- Gochiku, who studied abroad, and Yang Shoujing, who visited Japan, made calligraphy in the six dynasties popular, replacing the new Chinese styles that ruined the Oie style during the first year after the Meiji Restoration.
- 1926年(大正15年)に至り、皇統譜令の取扱いを整備することとなり、皇統譜令(大正15年皇室令第6号、旧皇統譜令)を定めた。
- In 1926 the management of Kotofu Rei (literally, the Order of the Record of Imperial Lineage) was improved, and the Kotofu Rei (Order of the Record of Imperial Lineage) (Koshitsu Rei [literally, Imperial House Act] No.6 of 1926, the previous Order of the Record of Imperial Lineage) was enacted.
- 但し、武道というものは勝負に勝つことや高いレベルに達することが必ずしも至上命題ではないということを覚えておく必要があるだろう。
- In this regard, we need to remember that to win the game or reach a higher level isn't an absolute must.
- 一方で、剣道の戦闘方法に精神美を求め至上の価値を置く「復興された武士道」思想は、日本人が近代戦を本質的に理解することを妨げた。
- On the other hand, the thought of a 'restored Bushido (the way of the samurai)' which sought spiritual beauty and found supreme value in the fighting method of Kendo, interfered with Japan's essential understanding of modern warfare.
- 現代に至るまでは日本人はペンよりも筆をよく用い、古くから筆になじんでいたため、絵画の美しさや価値を鑑定する眼は非常に鋭かった。
- Given that Japanese people have been familiar with brushing through their use of a brush instead of a pencil, their appreciation for paintings was heightened.
- だが、幼生期間が長くその間の死亡率も高い事など、減耗率を抑え稚エビまでの成長を管理する上で問題も多く、事業化には至っていない。
- However, commercialization of the cultivation has not been accomplished yet because the period of larvae is long and the death rate during the period is high, and in addition there are many problems controlling the growth of the larvae to reach the fry shrimp phase while reducing the rate of decrease.
- その意味において、一般的に明治以降宮城道雄に至るまでの間に作られた箏曲は、多くが『千鳥の曲』の延長線上に存在すると言ってよい。
- In that context, we can generally say that most of koto music pieces composed since Meiji period to the emergence of Michio MIYAGI are on the line of 'Chidori no Kyoku.'
- 他の神饌と同様の神と同じものを飲食するという意味のほか、酒に酔うことで非日常の境地に至り、神との交流を深めるという意味もある。
- This is based on the concept of eating and drinking the same food and drink as offered to the deity, as well as the belief that getting drunk to achieve an extraordinary state deepens exchanges with the deity.
- 周辺は琵琶湖や大中の湖、美濃から京都へ至る東山道、長光寺集落から伊勢へ抜ける八風街道があり、それらを管制できる要衝に位置する。
- It was located in a strategically important region for controlling the surrounding areas, such as large and middle-size lakes including Lake Biwa as well as the Tozan-do Road, continuing from Mino Province to Kyoto City, and the Happu-kaido Road, connecting the settlement of Choko-ji Temple to Ise City.
- 至本は貿易の成否に関わらず、帰国時に現金5000貫文を納めることを約し、予定の通り翌康永元年(1342年)8月に元へ渡航した。
- Shihon was promised 5000 kanmon (approximately 50,000 yen) on his return regardless of the outcome of trade; he sailed to Yuan in September 1342, the following year, as scheduled.
- その後、1876年に起きた江華島事件を契機として日朝修好条規(江華島条約)を締結し、朝鮮を自主国として認め、開国させるに至る。
- After that, the Ganghwa Island incident of 1876 led to the conclusion of the Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity (Treaty of Ganghwa), and in this treaty, Japan recognized the Joseon Dynasty as an independent country and made the Joseon Dynasty open its country to the world.
- さらに支配・制圧が日本列島の大半(東北地方南部から九州南部まで)にまで及ぶに至り、それらを総称して大和と呼ばれるようになった。
- When most of the Japanese Islands (from the south of the Tohoku region to the south of Kyushu) were ruled and controlled, these areas were collectively called Yamato.
- 源頼光・源頼親兄弟、源頼義・源義家父子が正四位という軍事貴族最高位に相次いで叙せられ、武家の棟梁というべき立場を得るに至った。
- MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, his brother MINAMOTO no Yorichika, MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi, and his son MINAMOTO no Yoshiie were one by one appointed to the highest rank for military aristocrats, which was shoshii, and Seiwa-Genji ascended to be the leader of the samurai families.
- 衣笠丼に至っては、京都では定番であるが、それ以外の地域・たとえば神戸・大阪などの近畿では、キツネ丼として供されている場合がある。
- Although Kinugasa-don is a standard dish in Kyoto, in other cities, for example Kinki region including Kobe, Osaka and so on, it is sometimes served as Kitsune-don.
- 約400年の長きにわたって窖窯時代が続いた後、桃山時代末期に至り自然の地形を利用した登り窯が築かれ、現在も約60軒の窯元が残る。
- The Noborigama was established using geographical features at the end of the Momoyama period after about 400 years of Anagama use, and there remain around sixty potteries.
- この間は代々茶道役を務めていた三尾宗吉、三尾順助によって伝書や道具の類が伝えられ、綾信の実母百合子に伝えられて現在に至っている。
- During this time, the family's documents and tea ceremony tools were handed down by Sokichi MIO (三尾宗吉) and Junsuke Mio (三尾順助), who served the family as sadoyaku (a tea-server for tea ceremony of bakufu and domains) for generations, which were eventually passed onto Yuriko, the biological mother of Ayanobu, and have been preserved to this day.
- そして大正時代まで続いたといわれるが、江戸時代から大正に至るまで好ましくない賭博や風俗であるとされ、度々、規制や禁止がなされた。
- It lasted until the Taisho period, but was regarded as an undesirable gamble or entertainment and amusement and was often regulated or forbidden.
- 一方長政と尚長は大和芝村藩・柳本藩それぞれ1万石の大名となり、代々御流として伝えて幕末に至り、維新後も子爵家として存続していた。
- On the other hand, Nagamasa became the 10,000-koku daimyo of the Shibamura clan of Yamato Province and Naonaga became the 10,000-koku daimyo of the Yanagimoto clan of Yamato Province, and both lasted as Goryu schools until the end of the Edo period, and after the Restoration, too, they remained as viscount families.
- この事は近世大名としての伊達氏・仙台藩にとっては一種の後枷となり、伊達騒動・戊辰戦争に至るまで様々な問題も引き起こす事になった。
- Later on, these circumstances became a source of trouble for the Kinsei daimyo of the Date clan and the Sendai Domain, and caused various problems including the Date riot and the Boshin War.
- 義仲は「故三条宮の至孝を思し食さざる条、太だ以て遺恨」(『玉葉』8月20日条)と不満を表明するが、20日、後鳥羽天皇が践祚する。
- Yoshinaka said, 'Being dutiful to the late Sanjo no miya, I find it extremely regrettable,' expressing his displeasure ('Gyokuyo,' entry of September 15), but Emperor Gotoba ascended to the throne on September 15.
- 別働第3旅団の部隊は翌24日には催馬楽に至り、次々に薩軍の堡塁を落として、夕方には悉く鹿児島に入り、鹿児島周辺の薩軍を撃退した。
- On the next day, June 24, the troops of the detached 3rd brigade reached Saibara and seized the forts of the Satsuma army one after another; in the evening, all of the troops entered Kagoshima and defeated the Satsuma army around there.
- 欧米文化を至上とした欧化政策が進められために、「白人の価値観で見て汚らしい」とされたものは時代遅れとして捨てられることがあった。
- As the Europeanization policy regarding the culture of Western countries as supreme was promoted, culture evaluated as 'detestable in light of the Caucasian's sense of values' was sometimes abandoned as old-fashioned culture.
- 武田氏宗家の高家武田氏とは密接な関係にあり、保申の次男、武田信保が高家武田氏の当主を継ぎ、血筋が絶えることなく現在に至っている。
- The YANAGISAWA clan had a close relationship with the Koke Takeda clan, the main stream of the Takeda clan; Nobuyasu TAKEDA, the second son of Yasunobu, became the head of Koke Takeda clan, and the bloodline continues today.
- この工事によって平川下流であった一ツ橋、神田橋、日本橋を経て隅田川に至る川筋は神田川(平川)から切り離され、江戸城の堀となった。
- Through this channel improvement work, the lower reaches of the Hira-kawa River that flowed into Sumida-gawa River after passing through Hitotsu-bashi Bridge, Kanda-bashi Bridge, and Nihon-bashi Bridge, was cut-off from the Kanda-gawa River (former Hira-kawa River) and became the Edo Castle moat.
- 清和源氏の祖とされる源経基は陽成天皇の孫とする説があり、この説に賛意を示す学者もいるが、広く学界の承認するまでには至っていない。
- There is an explanation that MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto, origin of Seiwa-Genji, was a grandchild of the Emperor Yozei, which accepted by some researchers, although it is not widely approved by academy.
- 帷子ノ辻駅 - 常盤駅 (京都府) - 鳴滝駅 - 宇多野駅 - 御室仁和寺駅 - 妙心寺駅 - 龍安寺駅 →(至北野白梅町駅)
- Katabiranotsuji Station - Tokiwa Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Narutaki Station - Utano Station - Omuro-Ninnaji Station - Myoshinji Station - Ryoanji Station - (to/from Kitano Hakubaicho Station)
- また、足利将軍家や畠山氏、斯波氏などの後継者争いなど複雑な事情も重なった結果、応仁元年(1467年)には応仁の乱の勃発に至った。
- Furthermore, as a result of complicated issues such as the succession race of the Shuogun Ashikaga family, the Hatayama clan and the Shiba clan, positioning to accede to the shogunate, the Onin War broke out in 1467.
- この刈田狼藉検断権と使節遵行権の獲得は、室町期守護が守護大名へと成長し、国内に守護領国制を布くに至る重要な契機となったのである。
- The acquisition of the karita-rozeki kendan power and shisetsu jungyo power provided an important opportunity for shugo in the Muromachi period to become shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) and implement shugo-ryogoku system (the system in which a shugo dominates a manor) in the state.
- 上表(じょうひょう)とは、東宮以下の皇親・百官より庶民に至るまでが天皇に対して文書(表)を奉ること、またその文書(表)自体を指す。
- Johyo (memorial to the emperor) was an act of handing Monjo (written material) (or Hyo [letters]) or the Monjo itself to the Emperor from any Koshin (Emperor's family) including Togu (crown prince), all the officials or general public.
- この時に猿楽という言葉は意識的に能楽に言い換えられ、以降、現在に至るまで、前述の3種の芸能を総称する概念として使用され続けている。
- At this time, the term 'Sarugaku' was consciously changed to 'Nohgaku,' and the term 'Nohgaku' has been used since then until now as a general concept for the three types of performing arts described above.
- 本来は地方の守護・地頭の出した書面や許可証であった物が、文字の読めない当時の民衆にとっては不思議な意味を持つ物となり、現在に至る。
- They were originally documents or licenses issued by local shugo and jito (military governors and manor stewards), but they were thought to have a mysterious meaning by the common people of the time who could not read or write, and this meaning has remained until today.
- この官僚集団と家康の急成長は、豊臣政権存続を図る官僚集団と次期政権を狙う家康との対立に発展し、関ヶ原の戦い(1600年)に至った。
- Such rapid growth of the bureaucratic group and Ieyasu developed to confrontation between the bureaucratic group that tried to maintain the Toyotomi government and Ieyasu who had been looking to the next government resulting in the Battle of Sekigahara (1600).
- 宋 (王朝)以後、「聖人、学んで至るべし」と言われるように読書・修養によって人欲を取り除いた後に到達すべき目標とされるようになる。
- After the Song Dynasty, becoming a sage became a goal for people to reach by removing desire through reading and self-cultivation, as can be seen in the phrase 'one should study in order to become a sage.'
- 以後1873年徴兵令公布、1876年廃刀令、秩禄処分に至る過程で士族反乱が相次ぎ明治政府はこうした不満を海外に向ける必要もあった。
- Revolts by Shizoku occurred one after another during a process that ended in the promulgation of a Conscription Ordinance in 1873 and a decree banning the wearing of swords in 1867, and Chitsuroku-shobun (Abolition Measure of Hereditary Stipend), and the Meiji government needed to turned their attention to the outside of Japan.
- 当時、『膳所裏』と呼ばれていた一部の地域は祇園乙部、後の祇園東(乙部の詳細は「祇園東」の項を参照のこと)として分離し、現代に至る。
- A portion of the area called 'Zezeura' in Gion Kobu was separated to become Gion Otsubu, and Gion Otsubu became the present-day Gion Higashi (see 'Gion Higashi' for details on Otsubu).
- もっとも家系が断絶した家もあり、西川如見(子の西川正休が徳川吉宗によって天文方に招聘)や高橋至時の子孫も幕末までは継承されなかった。
- However, some families became extinct and the descendants of Joken NISHIKAWA (his son Masayoshi NISHIKAWA was appointed to Tenmonkata by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA) and Yoshitoki TAKAHASHI didn't continue to inherit the position until the end of Edo period.
- 近代に至るまで支持されつづけている要因には、その構成が周到かつ堅牢なうえに、丸本歌舞伎にありがちな荒唐無稽さも少ない点があげられる。
- The reason why it continues to remain popular even today is that its story is carefully and cleverly composed, and that it contains less of the nonsense, which is seen more often in marumoto kabuki (plays written for ningyo joruri).
- 1333年(元弘3年)に始まる後醍醐の建武の新政は数年で失敗に至り、当時最大の実力者だった足利尊氏が幕府政権を樹立することとなった。
- The Kenmu Restoration started by Emperor Godaigo in 1333, ended in just a few years, the person in power at that time, Takauji ASHIKAGA was to open the bakufu (the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)).
- 東洋では、古代には冬至のころを年初としていたが、後に立春のころを年初とする(正確には雨水を含む月を正月(1月)とする)ようになった。
- In ancient times in the East, the time of the year around the winter solstice was considered as the beginning of the year, but later on the time of year around the beginning of spring was considered as the beginning of the year (actually, a month having rain was considered Shogatsu (January)).
- 西洋では、古代には現在の3月ごろを年初としていた(冬には暦がなかった)が、後に冬至の時期を年初とするようになった(ローマ暦を参照)。
- In ancient times in the West, the time of year around March of the current calendar was considered as the beginning of the year (and calendar for winter didn't exist) but later on, the winter solstice was considered as the beginning of the year (referring to the Roman calendar.)
- 合戦で使用された刀の中には、峯などに刀などによる切り込み傷のある物が多く、至近戦になった場合に使用される事があったことを示している。
- Most swords used in battle have cuts and dents from other swords on the Mune (back), which shows they were used in close combat.
- 又、弦楽器に関しては当初は和琴・楽箏両方の譜面が用意されたが、俗箏でも構わないとされたことから箏での演奏が普及し、現在に至っている。
- Music for stringed instruments was originally written for both the six-stringed wagon and the thirteen-stringed gakugoto but since the use of zokuso (common koto) was permitted, the koto has become more popular.
- いっぽう産業振興よりも醸造技術の修得・向上が目的とされる全国新酒鑑評会は、賛否両論を浴びながらも現在に至るまで毎年春に行われている。
- On the other hand, Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai, which aims for the learning and progress of brewing techniques rather than industrial development, has been held every spring until now in spite of arguments for and against it.
- 翌1872年(明治5年)、江藤新平率いる司法省による本格的な調査が始まろうとした同年11月、山城屋は山縣から至急の返済を求められた。
- In November 1872, when the Ministry of Justice led by Shinpei ETO was about to start a serious investigation, YAMAGATA asked YAMASHIROYA to repay the money he had borrowed.
- 「心を一にして」は日本国民の団結を表現する当時の決まり文句であり、江戸期の水戸学者の著作から後の教育勅語に至るまで広く使われている。
- 心を一にして (Shall be united) ' was cliche expressing the unity of Japanese people at the time and was used widely from literary works of Mitogaku (the scholarship and academic traditions that arose in the Mito Domain) academics in the Edo period to the Imperial Rescript on Education.
- 寛永通宝真鍮当四文銭の成功により銀座 (歴史)が潤ったことに対抗し、金座御金改約の後藤三右衛門の発案により高額の銭貨の発行へ至った。
- Opposing the fact that the successful circulation of the Kanei-tsuho shinchu toshimonsen (bronze Kanrei-tsuho equivalent to four mon) made gin-za (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of silver during the Edo period) affluent, Sanemon GOTO, the Kin-za Okane aratame-yaku (an organizer of kin-za), proposed issuing more coins of higher rates.
- この時制定された蒸気機関車の形式番号体系は、1928年(昭和3年)に新たな体系が制定された後も併存し、現在に至るまで踏襲されている。
- The form of steam locomotive set up at this time existed together even after the new form was set up in 1928 and the form has been used until now.
- 雲母坂(きららざか)は、京都市左京区修学院の修学院離宮脇より、比叡山の山頂に至る古道であり、また、延暦寺千日回峰行の行者道でもある。
- Kirara-zaka Slope indicates the old road to the top of Mt. Hiei from the side of Shugakuin Rikyu (the Shugakuin imperial villa) in Shugakuin, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, and is also a road used by the ascetics who practiced Sennichi-kaihogyo (a practice of walking around the mountain while paying visits to various sacred places for 1,000 day in total).
- 市川團十郎 (9代目)にはじまり、市川翠扇(九代目の子)、市川翠扇(九代目の孫)と継承されて当代宗家の市川團十郎 (12代目)に至る。
- It was created by Danjuro ICHIKAWA the ninth, succeeded by Suisen ICHIKAWA (the son of Danjuro the ninth) and by Suisen ICHIKAWA (the grandson of Danjuro the ninth), and then inherited by the present head of the family, Danjuro ICHIKAWA the twelfth.
- 新しい分類体系が消費者一般に徐々に浸透したものと見なされることに至ったため、日本酒級別制度は平成4年(1992年)に完全に撤廃された。
- Since the new classification system was considered to have gradually widespread among consumers in general, the Classification of Sake in the Liquor Tax Act was completely abolished in 1992.
- 東洋史学者の江上波夫(えがみ なみお)は、馬に乗る民族が日本に渡って来て、今日に至る王朝を樹立したとする騎馬民族征服王朝説を発表した。
- Naoki EGAMI published his opinion that equestrian people moved to Japan in ancient times, and they established the Japanese dynasty which lasts until today.
- 下袴は室町末期に至っても親王元服などの記録に見られるが、江戸初期には一旦衰退し、江戸中期以降、単などを重ねる正式な着装に限り使用した。
- There was a record from the late Muromachi period stating that Shita bakama was worn at the coming-of-ceremony for Imperial Princes, but it became uncommon to wear them in the middle of the Edo period, they were only worn in formal style together with Hitoe.
- 古典文学として上記のようなストーリーとなった七夕説話であるが、長い歴史の中で中国各地の民話として様々なバリエーションを生じるに至った。
- Though the above is the classical story of the tanabata anecdote, various folk stories based on this anecdote were created at many places in China over a long period of history.
- ここに至り、田堵負名層らによる対受領闘争(「凶党」行為)はほとんど見られなくなり、代わって荘園と公領間の相論・武力紛争が頻発し始めた。
- Then the conflicts in which persons of the Tato fumyo class fought against zuryo ('gangster'-like acts) almost ceased, and instead, disputes and armed conflicts between manors and Koryo (an Imperial demesne) began occurring frequently.
- そのために朝鮮との交渉に際し、事前に日本側はペリーの『日本遠征記』を研究し、交渉姿勢から後に締結する条約に至るまで模倣したと言われる。
- In order to do this, before starting negotiations with Korea the Japanese side studied 'Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan' written by Perry, so that they could imitate the attitude toward negotiations and later achieve conclusion of the treaty.
- 当時の大統領セオドア・ルーズベルトは、ポーツマス条約締結に至る日露の和平交渉への貢献が評価され、1906年のノーベル平和賞を受賞した。
- The then U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 in recognition of his contribution to the peace talks between Japan and Russia that led to the conclusion of the Treaty of Portsmouth.
- 山陰本線 :至京都駅・・・ - 石原駅 (京都府) - 福知山駅 - 上川口駅 - 下夜久野駅 - 上夜久野駅 - ・・・至城崎温泉駅
- Sanin Main Line: Between Kyoto Station and Kinosakionsen Station through Isa Station (Kyoto Prefecture), Fukuchiyama Station, Kamikawaguchi Station, Shimoyakuno Station, Kamiyakuno Station, etc.
- 終戦後(1945年-)、祇園甲部はすぐに営業を再開、その5年後に『都をどり』が南座で再開(後に本拠地である歌舞練場に戻り、今に至る)。
- Gion Kobu reopened right after the end of the war (1945), and five years later, the Miyako Odori was performed again at the Minamiza Theater (later and currently at the home base 'Kaburen-jo Theater').
- 天正10年5月に至り、朝廷から武田征伐の戦勝祝賀として信長に、太政大臣、関白、征夷大将軍の三職いずれかに推任しようとする動きがあった。
- In June (May in old lunar calendar), 1582, there was a move in the Imperial Court to endorse Nobunaga for one of the three posts, Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state), Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), or Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') as a reward for his subjugation of Takeda.
- 平成2年(1990年)3月、桜並木は財団法人日本さくらの会から「日本さくら名所100選」に選ばれ、日本各地から注目されるに至っている。
- In March 1990, the sakura-namiki was chosen as one of '100 best sakura viewing points in Japan' by Nihon Sakura no Kai Foundation (literally, association for cherry blossoms in Japan) and it arouse attention from various places in Japan.
- 宝暦5年(1755年)再び江戸に帰ると神田明神境内に蓮華庵を営み、大名・豪商から町人や職人に至るまで幅広い層に茶道の手ほどきをしている。
- In 1755, Fuhaku again returned to Edo and established the Renge-an within the Kanda-Myojin Shrine, whereupon he gave instruction in the tea ceremony to a wide strata of society, from daimyo and wealthy merchants to townspeople and artisans.
- しかし、1960年代後半ごろから、カレーライスという呼び方が優勢となり、現在ではライスカレーという言葉はほとんど死語となるに至っている。
- From the late 1960s, however, 'curry rice' (a Japanese term for curry and rice) became predominant, with 'rice curry' having become nearly an obsolete word today.
- そして、大陸からの文化の吸収もあり、現代 (時代区分)に至るまで、時代と共に様々な妖怪が人々の生活の中から生み出されてきたと考えられる。
- Furthermore, culture from the continent was adopted, and it is considered that various forms of yokai were created with passage of time in peoples' lives until the modern day (periodization).
- その後、能・禅・連歌・茶道・俳諧など、中世・近世以来の日本の芸術文化に影響を与え続け、今日では一般的用語としても用いられるに至っている。
- After that it continued to affect Japanese artistic culture like Noh, Zen, Renga (linked verse), Sado (tea ceremony), Haikai (amusing and playful waka) in the medieval period and later and it is also used as a general word today.
- 「剣術の源流」「始祖が鬼一法眼」という伝承そのものはポピュラーで、現代に至るまでさまざまな文学作品や漫画作品などの設定に用いられている。
- The school being 'the origin of swordsmanship' and 'its founder being Hogen KIICHI' are part of popular legends and numerous fictional accounts and comics have been written based on them.
- 以後、孝明天皇・二条斉敬・中川宮朝彦親王の朝廷と「一会桑政権」とが協調して王政復古に至るまでの京都における政治を主導していくことになる。
- The Ichikaiso Government' was practically formed, and afterwards the three lords and the members of the Imperial Court, Emperor Komei, Nariyuki NIJO, and Imperial Prince Nakagawanomiya (Kuninomiya) Asahiko led politics in Kyoto until the Restoration of Imperial Rule.
- 全国の外様大名を大動員して行われた外堀工事は1636年に竣工し、ここに御成門から浅草橋門に至る江戸城の「の」の字の外側の部分が完成した。
- The construction of the moat, which required a massive mobilization on the part of tozama daimyo, was finished in 1636, and marked the completion of a outer portion of the spiral-shaped urban layout that spanned the Onari-mon and Asakusabashi-mon gates.
- (至出町柳駅)← 伏見稲荷駅 - 深草駅 - 藤森駅 - 墨染駅 - 丹波橋駅 - 伏見桃山駅 - 中書島駅 - 淀駅 →(至淀屋橋駅)
- (from/to Demachiyanagi Station) - Fushimi-inari Station - Fukakusa Station - Fujinomori Station - Sumizome Station - Tanbabashi Station - Fushimi Momoyama Station - Chushojima Station - Yodo Station - (from/to Yodoyabashi Station)
- (『扶桑略記』に、「皇后朝に臨んで称制し 丁亥の歳をもって元年となす 四年に至って即位し 大和國高市郡明日香淨御原宮藤原宅に都す」とある)
- (There is a description in 'Fuso ryakki' [A Brief History of Japan], saying 'the empress conducted shosei at the government in the year of hinotoi [which means 687 here]; that she ascended the throne four years after; and that she put the capital in the Fujiwara Palace, Asuka kiyomihara no miya, Takaichi County, Yamato Province.)
- 天武から称徳に至るまでの皇位継承のルールは(承継すべき者が未成人などの場合には女帝が中継することもあったが)、原則として直系承継であった。
- As a principle rule of the Imperial succession during the period between Emperor Tenmu and Emperor Shotoku was to succeed the throne from the direct Imperial line. (There was an example of having an Empress in case of the appropriate successor was too young to succeed to the throne.)
- その後、生田流系の箏曲は箏曲独自の作曲が次第に下火になり、幕末に至るまで、厖大な数の地歌曲にパートとして合奏、参加することで発展していく。
- While the original style of sokyoku went into gradual decline towards the end of the Edo period, sokyoku of the Ikuta school style prospered as a result of its contributing the koto parts for an enormous number of jiuta songs.
- その後、30年代半ばになると、本場の京都や大阪周辺の海老芋の産地が、次々と住地化されていったため、中遠地方が主産地となり現在に至っている。
- After that, around 1960, as the sources of ebi-imo around the land of its birth, Kyoto and Osaka, gradually became residential areas, Chuen became the main source, and has remained so up to the present day.
- 何承天は、景初暦の冬至が後漢四分暦の観測値に従っていたため、実際の冬至より3日もずれいていることを指摘し、天体観測のやり直しを行っている。
- He Chengtian pointed out that the winter solstice in the Jingchu calendar was three days away from the actual winter solstice because it was based on measurements used in the quartered calendar of the Later Han Dynasty, and conducted astronomical observation again.
- また、戦国時代も後期に至ると、有力な大名はそれまでの半独立的な地位と状況によっては命令を拒むことができた被官層を完全に従属させ家臣とした。
- In the late Sengoku period, powerful Sengoku daimyo brought their vassals into complete subordination, whereas before they had been independent to a certain degree and were able to refuse orders depending on the circumstances.
- この枡は、制定後間もなく全国的に流布し、その後は14世紀初頭に至るまで、数多い私枡のなかにあって、一定の権威をもった公定枡として機能した。
- Soon after it was designated, Senjimasu was put into circulation throughout the nation, and until the beginning of the fourteenth century it functioned as an official measure holding constant authority within many private measures.
- その後、政体書体制がなし崩しになり、さらには明治4年(1871年)の廃藩置県により中央集権が確立するに至り、御誓文の存在意義が薄れかけた。
- The system based on the Constitution of 1868 was undermined and moreover in 1871 centralization was established by Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) and the importance of Charter Oath began to fade.
- これについて笠松宏至は、「窪」は草書体の「問注」を重ねた文字であるとして、訴訟受付機関であったとしている(警護所であったとする説もある)。
- According to Hiroshi KASAMATSU, the Kubodokoro was a place where people filed lawsuits, because the kanji character for 'kubo' can be seen as the overlapped kanji characters for 'monchu' written in the cursive script style (there is also a theory that the Kubodokoro was a station for security guards).
- この日は太陽の活力が最も弱くなる冬至の時期であり、太陽神アマテラスの子孫であるとされる天皇の魂の活力を高めるために行われた儀式と考えられる。
- Since it is the day of the winter solstice when solar energy becomes the weakest, the ritualistic ceremony was probably performed to enhance the energy of an emperor's soul who was deemed a descendant of Sun-goddess Amaterasu.
- これらの東京に残る名園は皇居東御苑や祖庭長岡安平が手がけた相馬邸庭園、現新宿区おとめ山公園などのように再整備され、現在一般公開されるに至る。
- These sophisticated gardens left in Tokyo were newly restored and opened to the public like Kokyo Higashi Gyoen (the East Garden of the Imperial Palace), Soma-tei teien (the Soma Residence Garden) handled by Yasuhei NAGAOKA, the pioneer of modern gardens and a garden now called the Otome-yama park in Shinjuku Ward.
- 日本においては、金融機関から融資を受けられなかった社会的マイノリティー層においても、古くから現在に至るまで運用されている民間金融手法である。
- In Japan, it is a private financing method operating from ancient times up to the present even amongst social minority classes who could not get financing from financial institutions.
- こうして、日本の出征大名達は朝鮮を退去して日本へ帰国し、豊臣秀吉の画策した明遠征、朝鮮征服計画は成功に至らぬまま、秀吉の死によって終結した。
- Thus, the daimyo that went to war from Japan withdrew and returned to Japan and the expedition to Ming and the conquest of Korea intended by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was not achieved and was ended by Hideyoshi's death.
- 文鏡秘府論(ぶんきょうひふろん)は、平安時代前期に編纂された文学理論書で、中国の六朝期から唐朝に至る詩文の創作理論を取りまとめたものである。
- Bunkyo-hifuron was a written literary theory compiled in the early Heian period, in which theories to create prose and poetry were collected through the period of the Six Dynasties to the Tang dynasty of China.
- 日本國政府及韓國政府ハ兩帝國ヲ結合スル利害共通ノ主義ヲ鞏固ナラシメムコトヲ欲シ韓國ノ富強ノ實ヲ認ムル時ニ至ル迄此目的ヲ以テ左ノ條款ヲ約定セリ
- The Governments of Japan and Corea, desiring to strengthen the principle of solidarity which unites the two Empires, have with that object in view agreed upon and concluded the following stipulations to serve until the moment arrives when it is recognized that Corea has attained national strength: -
- 来日した外国人や、熱心な宗教信者となった日本人は、多くの日本人が無意識の内に「和」を至上のものとする思想をもつことを見出すことができるという。
- Foreign visitors to Japan and the Japanese who become avid religious followers say they can see that many Japanese people unconsciously have an idea of placing supreme importance on 'harmony.'
- その系譜をたどれば源氏の祖 源経基以来、源満仲、源頼信、源頼義そして名高き源義家に至るまで五代にわたり武家の栄誉である鎮守府将軍に任ぜられた。
- If we trace the family lineage back from MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto (the founder of the Minamoto clan) to MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi, and the renowned MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, we can see that these five generations of the Ashikaga Shogunate family were appointed Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North), which was an honorable post for a samurai family.
- 昭和24年(1949年)10月フランスの蒸留機メーカーであるメル社のアロスパス式加水蒸留が日本蒸留工業にもたらされて問題点を解決するに至った。
- Then, the hydrolytic distilling technique in arosupasu (アロスパス) style of Meru (メル) company, a manufacturer of distilling machines in France, was introduced to Nihon Joryu Kogyo Co. Ltd., on October 1949, which brought solutions.
- 湖と山の間、5kmほどの狭い平地に立地する彦根は、中山道と北陸道(俗に北国街道と称)が合流し、水陸から京都に至る東日本と西日本の結節点である。
- Hikone, located in a narrow plain area stretching about five kilometers between a lake and a mountain, is the point where Eastern and Western Japan meet and two roads Nakasen-do Road and Hokuriku-do (commonly called Hokkoku-kaido Road) join together, and from this point the roads to Kyoto by land or water begins.
- しかしこれも身分表象としての二本差し帯刀の規制による象徴的なものに留まり(脇差参照)、農村に蓄えられた膨大な武器を消滅させるには至らなかった。
- This was no more than a symbolic policy of control over wearing two swords which represents the status (see wakizashi), and fell short of eradicating the great deal of weapons stored in the rural villages.
- そしてそこから「武士団」が重層的な関係を築く段階以降を「武士」と、そしてそれに至る前段階を「兵(つわもの)」と学術用語として定義したのである。
- The 'bushidan' that established the multilayer relationship from there became 'bushi' and the earlier steps from there was called as 'tsuwamono' and these became customarily used as academic terms.
- 当時において和与とは、合意に基づく所領や所職等権利の譲与を指しており、和与に基づく権利の移転は悔返を認めない法理(『法曹至要抄』)が存在した。
- At that time, a compromise indicated a consensus transfer of a right, such as territory or position, and there was doctrine that did not allow Kuikaeshi (a right of claim for return in the Middle Ages' Law) with respect to a consensus transfer of a right ('Hosso shiyosho' [The Essentials for the Judiciary]).
- 当初は足軽の主力であり、前線において長槍(当初は長さ二間、その後二間半から三間へと至る)を用いて足軽同士で突き、叩き合う攻撃任務を担っていた。
- At the beginning, they were the principal power of the foot soldiers, and their task was to attack the enemy foot soldiers with nagayari (at the beginning, they were two ken in length, then they later changed to two-and-a-half ken to three ken) by jabbing and hitting.
- またガス灯の燃料としての都市ガスの供給設備などのインフラは、調理用や暖房用のガス器具への燃料供給設備として、その後も整備が続けられ、現在に至る。
- The infrastructure for distributing gas fuels for lighting such as city gas distribution equipment has been continuously improved to this day, in order to provide fuels for gas cooking and heating equipment.
- その後現在に至るまで最も多くの興行でこれを勤めているのは代々の十寸見河東とその弟子たち、いわゆる「河東節連中」(かとうぶし れんじゅう)である。
- Kato MASUMI and his disciples called 'Katobushi renju' had performed the accompaniment in most stages from that period until the present for successive generations.
- ここから芋づる式に木簡の発見が相次ぎ、翌1931年にかけて調査した結果、漢代のものだけ約1万枚という未曾有の量の木簡が出土するに至ったのである。
- Since then mokkans have been continuously discovered one after another, and as a result of the research conducted over the following year 1931, approximately 10,000 mokkans were found; this is an unprecedented number for those which belonged only to the Han period.
- また、『魏書』卷一百 列傳第八十八 勿吉國に「嚼米醞酒 飲能至醉」と沿海州やモンゴルなどでも米を原料とした口噛み酒を醸していたという記述がある。
- A description, '嚼米醞酒 飲能至醉,' written in 'Gisho' volume 100, Retsuden No.88 Wuji-koku indicates that kuchikami-sake was produced in coastal provinces and Mongolia.
- 徳川時代に入ると、文化の東漸にともない次第に関東へも洗練された先進的な上方文化が移入され、化成期になって漸く江戸特有の文化が開花を見るに至った。
- Since the Edo period began, with spreading culture eastward, refined and developed Kamigata Bunka was also brought to Kanto gradually, and finally in the Kasei era the own culture of Edo flowered.
- 親王はこの事に加え、家臣であり教育係であった飯田忠彦の影響を色濃く受け、明治新政府の成立に至るまで朝廷における反会津・親長州派の急先鋒となった。
- In addition to the above, the Prince was influenced strongly by his aides as well as an educator, Tadahiko IDA, he was the vanguard against the Aizu and Choshu Domain supporters of the Imperial Palace until the Meiji new government was established.
- やがて源平争乱を経て鎌倉幕府が成立、承久の乱で後鳥羽天皇を流刑に処するに至ると、朝廷ではいよいよ崇徳の祟りが起こったと恐れたと言う(御霊信仰)。
- Soon after that Taira-Minamoto War occurred, the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established, Emperor Gotoba was sentenced to deportation after The Jokyu War, the Imperial Palace feared the wrath of Sutoku's. (Goryo Shinko)
- 花見や紅葉紅葉にまつわる文化のような行楽の一部として、または野点を主体として庭園(→日本庭園)から完全な野外に至るまで様々な場所で催されている。
- It is presented as a part of a cultural activity related to cherry blossom or autumn leave viewing, as a main event in a garden (Japanese garden) or as an entirely open-air event.
- 芝居茶屋の食事は芝居見物の楽しみの一つで、この日ばかりは下は庶民から上は大名に至るまで、できる限りの大判振る舞いをして各茶屋自慢の味を堪能した。
- The meals served in the theater tea rooms were part of the attraction of watching the theater and on these days people from all walks of life from commoners to feudal lords dined lavishly, enjoying the specialty cuisine of each tea room.
- 大正11年(1922年)に最後の鷺流狂言師であった鷺畔翁(晩年は鷺流宗家を自称した)の死去により、能楽協会に所属する流派として廃絶するに至った。
- The Sagi school was eliminated from the school list belonging to the Nohgaku Performers' Association after Bano SAGI (who called himself the family head of the Sagi school in his last years), the last Kyogen performer of the Sagi school, died in 1922.
- しかし、戦後になると文化勲章受章者の堂本印象や上村松篁、それ以外にも中村大三郎、宇田荻邨らが活躍し、またその弟子たちが現在活躍するに至っている。
- But after the war, Insho DOMOTO and Shoko Uemura who both won Order of Culture and others like Daizaburo NAKAMURA and Tekison UDA played active roles, and their pupils are active now.
- また砲撃に対抗してこちらも砲撃したり、塙直之が蜂須賀至鎮に夜襲をしかけ戦果をあげたが(17日)、劣勢であることは否めず、和議に応ずることになる。
- In the exchanges of fire Naoyuki BAN achieved a good military result by attacking Yoshishige HACHISUKA at night (17th), however, the Toyotomi side, still being on the back foot, agreed to have peace negotiations (the old calendar).
- (至京都駅)← 上鳥羽口駅 - 竹田駅 (京都府) - 伏見駅 (京都府) - 近鉄丹波橋駅 - 桃山御陵前駅 - 向島駅 →(至大和西大寺駅)
- (from/to Kyoto Station) - Kamitobaguchi Station - Takeda Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Fushimi Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Kintetsu-Tanbabashi Station - Momoyamagoryo-mae Station - Mukaijima Station - (from/to Yamato-Saidaiji Station)
- 尊氏の世がくると時氏も運気を掴み、守護大名として山陰地方に大勢力を張り、また赤松氏や京極氏、一色氏と並んで四職家の一つにまで数えられるに至った。
- When Takauji came into power, this enabled Tokiuji and the Yaman clan to wield their influence as the shugo daimyo in the Sanin region; they came to be considered as one of the Shishiki-ke (four administrators' families: Yamana, Isshiki, Akamatsu, Kyogoku).
- その後、1935年(昭和10年)の大楠公600年祭時に、ついに確認された楠木氏子孫によって、湊川神社内に楠木同族会が結成されて現在に至っている。
- Later, the Kusunoki family council was formed in the Minatogawa-jinja Shrine by the those who were finally confirmed as the descendants of the Kusunoki clan during the Dai-Nanko 600 years anniversary held in 1935 and is still active today.
- 吉兆の料理は、献立や、建具や調度品などを一期一会その場の雰囲気や季節に応じて変える「室礼(しつらい)」に至るまで、懐石料理の影響を強く受けている。
- The services of Kitcho including the menus and the 'shitsurai', by which fittings and furnishing goods are changed in accordance with the atmosphere and seasons under the concept of Ichigo Ichie (Treasure every encounter), are strongly affected by Kaiseki ryori (a simplified version of honzen ryori; dishes different from the Kaiseki ryori mentioned above, although the pronunciation is the same).
- 承久の乱以後は、朝廷は独自の軍事力を失って、幕府に対して従属的な立場に立たされることになり、ときには幕府の命令で天皇が任免される事態にまで至った。
- After the Jokyu War, the Imperial Court lost its military power and was subordinated to the bakufu, and this sometimes resulted in a situation where the Emperor was appointed upon orders from the bakufu.
- 表千家は4代江岑が宗旦から家督を継いでいるので千家の宗家(本家)であるが、今日では裏千家に「三千家に上下の区別はない」と憚りなく公言されるに至る。
- Since the 4th iemoto Koshin succeeded to the head position in the Sen family from Sotan, Omote-senke is the head family of Senke, however, Ura-senke publicly proclaims with no hesitation that 'there is no hierarchical relation among the three Senke' at present.
- また、柳田国男は冬祭りの中心となる旧暦11月が冬至を含む時期であり春に向かう転機であることを指摘し、日本の祭りは本来旧暦11月を重要視したと説く。
- In addition, Kunio YANAGITA claimed that, in Japanese festivals, November in the old lunar calendar was regarded as important because November when the most winter festivals were cerebrated includes the winter solstice and it indicates the turning point going towards spring.
- 一方、他家からの養子が大名家を継承した場合には、実家の家風になじんだ新当主が養子先の家風に慣れずに家臣たちと反目して御家騒動に至る可能性もあった。
- On the other hand, when a person adopted from a different family succeeded a daimyo family, the new family head, who was used to the tradition of his family home, might possibly have not fitted into the kafu in the daimyo family he was adopted by, and he might have quarreled with the retainers to cause family troubles.
- 『続日本紀』によると725年に聖武天皇が朝賀を受ける礼や、785年の冬至に桓武天皇が河内郡交野郡で執り行った儀式などがこれに当たると言われている。
- According to 'Shoku-Nihongi' (the second in a series of chronicles about Japan), the ceremony in which Emperor Shomu received 'Choga' (greetings of the New Year) in 725 and the ritual which Emperor Kanmu held in Katano County, Kawachi Province on the winter solstice in 785 correspond to this.
- このことから、戦後第一世代の研究者は、この領主と「武士団」の、領地を媒介とした重層的結合関係と、そこに至たる社会経済・地方経済の成熟を重要視した。
- From this, researchers of the first generation born after World War II focused greatly on multilayered combination relationships between manor lords and 'bushidan' as well as the growth of social and district economics mediated by the estate that led to it.
- あちこちで敗れた平家一門は尾瀬も近く、片品村に至るまでも険しい山々が連なる場所まで逃げた結果、片品村に平家の落人が住み着いて繁栄することになった。
- After being defeated at various places, the Taira family escaped to Katashina-mura, which is located near Oze and surrounded by steep mountains, and Heike no Ochudo settled there and prospered.
- したがって2月21日から24日に至る薩軍の攻撃は悉く失敗しただけでなく、剽悍な士の多くがこの攻城戦で消耗して、24日以後は両軍の対峙状態に陥った。
- From February 21 to 24, the Satsuma army not only failed each and every attack on the castle but also had most of its fierce and cunning soldiers exhausted in the attack; after February 24, the both sides were involved in confrontation.
- 『元史』日本伝 至元十八年正月条によると、クビライは遠征に先立って大都に遠征軍の指揮官である阿剌罕、范文虎、忻都、洪茶丘らを召集し勅を下している。
- Nihon Den of 'Genshi,' in the article of January 1281, says that Kublai, before sending the expedition army, summoned his commanders such as Arakan, Wen-hu FAN, Dou XIN, and Da-gu HONG, to Dadu and gave them an imperial order.
- (至京都駅)八木駅 - 吉富駅_(京都府) - 園部駅 - 船岡駅_(京都府) - 日吉駅_(京都府) - 鍼灸大学前駅 - 胡麻駅(至福知山駅)
- The Sanin Main Line runs from Kyoto Station to Fukuchiyama Station via Yagi Station, Yoshitomi Station (Kyoto Prefecture), Sonobe Station, Funaoka Station (Kyoto Prefecture), Hiyoshi Station (Kyoto Prefecture), Shinkyudaigakumae Station and Goma Station.
- 支配単位ごとに上は収税権をもつ朝廷、権門から在地領主として地域に根を下ろした武士などを経て、下は名主層に至る、複数者の権利が重層的にからんでいた。
- Rather, the Imperial Court, the influential who had the authority to collect taxes, warriors who lived there as local lords, as well as myoshu had multilayered interests in these lands.
- コーヒーかすの処理については公害が社会問題として表面化する1970年代にはすでに懸念材料となっており、近代に至るまでその有効利用法が模索されている。
- The matter of coffee grounds disposal had already become a concern in the 1970s when environmental pollution became an issue as a social problem and effective usage has been searched for until today.
- 四代目の太政大臣西園寺公経(1171年 - 1244年)に至って、親幕派として承久の乱後権勢を誇り、摂関家から外戚の地位と関東申次の世襲職を奪った。
- The fourth generation, that of Grand Minister of State Kintsune SAIONJI (1171 to 1244), held the reins of power as a pro-shogunate group after the Jokyu-no-ran War, thereby seizing the position of maternal relative and the hereditary job position of Kanto Moshitsugi from the Sekkan Family.
- 江戸時代、上方では御殿から娼家に至るまでどこでも銚子で燗をつけていたが、江戸では銚子は正式の膳である式正(しきじょう)にのみ使うものであったという。
- During the Edo period, choshi was used to warm sake in Kamigata in a palace and a house of prostitution, but, in Edo, choshi was used only for shikijo which was a formal meal.
- 1583年(天正13年)根来寺(和歌山県)が豊臣秀吉に焼き討ちされて衰微すると、智山・豊山の両派は、醍醐の古流をもとにして、一派を形成するに至った。
- In 1585, when Negoro-ji Temple (Wakayama Prefecture) was burned down by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and went into decline, the Chizan and Buzan schools formed a school based on the traditional school of Daigo.
- 大正時代は、竹久夢二が「夢二式美人」と呼ばれる浮世絵風の様式と大正浪漫を融合させた美人像で人気を博し、夢二の美人像は現代に至っても非常に人気がある。
- In the Taisho period, Yumeji TAKEHISA gained popularity by his bijinga which blended ukiyoe style with the trend of Taisho Roman (general term for the thought and cultural events that are suggestive of the Taisho period) called 'Yumeji shiki bijin' (beautiful women of Yumeji style); the bijinga of Yumeji style are still very popular even today.
- 徳川時代中期以降になると、文化の東漸にともない次第に関東へも洗練された先進的な上方文化が下り、化政期になって漸く江戸特有の文化が開花を見るに至った。
- Since the middle of the Tokugawa period, refined and advanced Kamigata culture spread gradually east and culture specific to Edo flowered in the Kasei era
- さらに、源義朝に至っては東国に下り鎌倉・上総・下総などを本拠として活動していた時期が長く、その後も京都にとどまり河内国の領地との関係が希薄であった。
- Further, since MINOMOTO no Yoshitomo moved to Togoku (the eastern region of Japan) and was active in such provinces as Kamakura, Kazusa, and Shimousa as his stronghold for a long time, and later, he kept staying in Kyoto and had little connection with the manor of Kawachi Province.
- 翌天正6年(1578年)5月、雑賀荘・十ヶ郷に中郷・南郷の兵も加わって宮郷の太田城 (紀伊国)を一か月にわたり包囲攻撃したが、落城には至らなかった。
- In June of the following year, 1578, he besieged and attacked the Ota-jo Castle of miyago with Saigaso, Jikkago, nakago and nango, but he could not capture it.
- 幕府において三管領四職七頭の制ができると、斯波氏は畠山氏、細川氏と管領を出す家柄として重んじられ、他の二家を抑えて三管領筆頭の家柄を有するに至った。
- After the establishment of Sankanrei, Shishiki (Four influential families) and Shichito (Seven influential families) in Bakufu, the Shiba clan was treated with respect as a Kanrei family together with the Hatakeyama clan and the Hosokawa clan and ended up becoming the head of the three Kanrei families by suppressing other two families.
- ただ、現実には百姓層の階層分化が著しく進んでおり律令制的な人別支配はもはや不可能な段階に至っていたため、延喜の治は必ずしも成功したとは言えなかった。
- However, in reality, Engi no chi was not necessarily successful as the rank differentiation of the farmer class was significantly accelerated so, the rule over people based on the Ritsuryo system had reached the stage no longer being possible.
- 戦後、何度かマスコミュニケーションに取り上げられて一時的なブームが起こったことがあったが、定着することは無く、男性下着売り場の一角を占めるに至らない。
- During the period, fundoshi got some attention for sevel times, featured by the mass media, and each time invoked a temporal boom; but it has never taken root and has never resulted in occupying one of corners of the male undergarment shop.
- 天皇の后妃、生母以外での女院号宣下は室町幕府3代将軍足利義満の正室、日野康子(北山院)以来約320年ぶりで、現在に至るまで孝子内親王が最後の例である。
- It was the first time in about 320 years that someone other than emperors' consorts or real mothers received senge for Nyoingo after Yasuko HINO (Kitayamain), who was the lawful wife of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the Imperial Princess Takako has been the last case up to today.
- また、20~25分間70~75度に湯の温度を保って卵を茹でれば温泉卵はでき、容器に拘る必要はないが沸騰や温度の降下に至らないように工夫する要領が要る。
- Furthermore, if you boil an egg for 20 to 25 minutes at between 70 to 75 degrees, you can make an onsen egg without the necessity for a container, however it is necessary to have a way of maintaining the boiling and temperature.
- ある人間が、事故や事件、争乱、刑罰や処刑、他者からの過度な精神的または肉体的圧迫などによって死に至った場合、いわゆる昇天や成仏をせず、強い念(=怨念。
- Onryo refers to supernatural phenomenon and the religious idea (in some parts) or spiritual notion that if a person dies in an accident or incident, dispute, suffers punishment or execution, or dies after suffering from excessive mental or physical stress caused by another person, and does not reach heaven or nirvana, but remains in this world saddled with strong feelings (grudges, described below),
- 酒造好適米「越淡麗」(こしたんれい)が新潟県の奨励品種となるに至り、「淡麗」という語もすっかり「端麗」とは別のニュアンスを持つ語として定着していった。
- After 'Koshitanrei,' a rice cultivar for sake brewing, was designated to a recommendable variety of Niigata Prefecture, the word '淡麗' had been established as another word which had a different nuance from the word '端麗.'
- 780年(宝亀11年)には伊治呰麻呂が陸奥按察使紀広純を殺害し多賀城を焼き払うという事態に至り、これ以降蝦夷征討といわれる果てしない戦いへと突入する。
- In 780, KOREHARI no Azamaro killed KI no Hirozumi, the Mutsu no Azechi (Inspector of Mutsu), and burnt down Taga-jo Castle, spurring endless war thereafter known as Ezo Seito ('The Ezo Conquest').
- (至京阪京阪鴨東線出町柳駅)←三条駅 (京都府) - 四条駅 (京阪) - 五条駅 (京阪) - 七条駅 - 東福寺駅 - 鳥羽街道駅→(至淀屋橋駅)
- (from/to Keihan Oto Line Demachiyanagi Station) - Sanjo Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Keihan Shijo Station - Keihan Gojo Station - Shichijo Station - Tofukuji Station - Toba-kaido Station - (from/to Yodoyabashi Station)
- 御文庫を擁する上冷泉家が関西の京都に残ったことで、結果として膨大な至宝が関東大震災と東京大空襲から守り抜かれたことは、日本文化史上この上ない僥倖である。
- It is a happy accident of Japanese cultural history that the Kami Reizei family which holds Gobunko remained in Kyoto in Kansai, keeping these great treasures safe from the Great Kanto Earthquake and the bombing of Tokyo.
- しかし江戸時代後期、灘五郷において水車を使う大規模で高度な精米技術が生まれ、そのため灘は産する酒の質においても先発であった伊丹や池田を凌駕するに至った。
- However in the late Edo period, a high-grade rice polishing technique was devised in Nada-Gogo, which enabled large-scale polishing with a waterwheel, and the technique pushed Nada above Itami and Ikeda (the advanced sake producing districts) in terms of sake quality.
- 嘉吉元年(1441年)に小浜藩の新八幡宮に疎開していたが、その後、江戸時代に小浜城主の酒井家のもとを離れ、1932年にボストン美術館に所蔵されるに至る。
- Although it was moved to Shin Hachiman-gu Shrine in Obama Domain for safety in 1441, it was later brought out from the house of the Sakai family, the castellan of Obama-jo Castle, in the Edo period and came to be in the possession of Museum of Fine Arts, Boston in 1932.
- 室町時代に入ると商業取引上の決済手段としても用いられ、京都・奈良・堺・兵庫津などとの主要商業都市には割符屋・替銭屋と呼ばれる専門業者が発展するに至った。
- In the early Muromachi period, tally was used as a means of settlement in commercial transactions, and in the major commercial towns such as Kyoto, Nara, Sakai and Hyogonotsu, specialized dealers called 'saifuya' and 'kaesenya' flourished.
- 姓名判断や血液型性格分類(ないし血液型占い)、占星術は言うに及ばずラブテスターのような玩具に至るまで枚挙に暇が無く、こういった行為や関連する物品は多い。
- Not to mention the character diagnosis, character grouping by blood types (or fortune-telling by blood types) and horoscope, there is even toys such as a 'love-tester'; there are many activities and commercial products related to predicting aisho.
- 1281年(日本の弘安四年・元の至元十八年)、元・高麗軍を主力とした東路軍4万と、旧南宋軍を主力とした江南軍10万、計14万の軍が日本に向けて出発した。
- In 1281, an army of 140 thousand soldiers in total departed for Japan, consisting of the Eastern Route Army of 40,000 soldiers mainly from the Yuan and Goryeo army and the Southern Yangtze Army of 100,000 soldiers mainly from the former Southern Sung army.
- 経済状況の変化にともなって荘園経済は相当な発展を見せたが、それでも中世後期に至るまで、荘園が全く存在しないか、不完全でしか存在しない地域が残存し続けた。
- With the change of economical situations, the shoen's economy dramatically developed, but until the late medieval period, some regions had continued to remain where shoens had not existed at all or only partially.
- さらにこの頃から十河一存や三好義賢、長慶の嫡男三好義興など有力な一族が相次いで死亡し、果ては最後まで長慶を支えた弟安宅冬康を自らの手で暗殺するに至った。
- Furthermore, roughly from that time on, influential members of the family including Kazumasa SOGO, Yoshikata MIYOSHI and Yoshioki MIYOSHI, eldest son and prospective heir of Nagayoshi, died one after another and, in the end, Nagayoshi even assassinated for himself Fuyuyasu ATAGI, his younger brother who had supported Nagayoshi the entire time.
- 大学之助と太平次という強烈な個性の悪人を演じるのは至難の技で、八代目幸四郎以後は松本幸四郎 (9代目)と片岡仁左衛門 (15代目)の二人しか演じていない。
- It is extremely difficult to play Daigakunosuke and Taheiji, villains with strong character, and after Koshiro the eighth, only two actors, Koshiro MATSUMOTO the ninth and Nizaemon KATAOKA the fifteenth, have played the roles.
- もともと京都の手猿楽に発した家系で、初代野村又三郎重信が和泉流樹立にあたり客分として招かれたために、独自の演目・台本・演出などを保持して現在に至っている。
- This family originally performed tesarugaku in Kyoto, and as Matasaburo Shigenobu NOMURA (the first) was invited as a guest to establish the Izumi school, their own programs, play scripts, and dramatic interpretation have been maintained.
- 五世長詰(宗意)に至って名を川井惣右衛門と改め、六世一峰(宗岸)の代に徳川家康に出仕して以後、江戸時代を通じて専ら惣右衛門流の名により金春座の座付となる。
- At the time of the fifth head Naganori (Soi), he changed his name to Soemon KAWAI, and after the sixth head Ippo (Sogan) started serving Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the school was the one exclusively attached to the Konparu troupe in the name of the Soemon-ryu school during the Edo period.
- 清和源氏における「多田源氏」が指す一族の解釈は必ずしも定まったものではなく、今日に至るまで以下のような用い方が流布しているがいずれも誤りではないといえる。
- There are various interpretations on 'Tada-Genji' of Seiwa-Genji as follows today, and all interpretations have good reasons.
- その後、信長は伊勢国の北畠具教、河内国の三好義継、大和国の松永久秀ら、畿内における諸大名をことごとく支配下に置き、畿内に一大勢力圏を築くに至ったのである。
- After that, Nobunaga subjugated all daimyos (Japanese feudal lord) in the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) such as Tomonori KITABATAKE of Ise Province, Yoshitsugu MIYOSHI of Kawachi Province and Hisahide MATSUNAGA of Yamato Province, and gained control over the majority of the Kinai region.
- しかし、清は元来二島の領有は望まず、冊封関係維持のため二島を琉球に返還し琉球王国再興を求めており、分島にたいする琉球人の反対もあり清は調印に至らなかった。
- But Qing basically didn't hope to get possession of those two islands but to revive the Ryukyu Kingdom, returning two islands to Ryukyu so that it could maintain a relationship based on sakuho, while Ryukyu objected to separating territorial rights over the islands, because of which Qing didn't sign the treaty.
- これに対して、北朝 (日本)においては、後円融天皇から南北朝合一を遂げた後の霊元天皇に至るまで、300年以上にわたって立太子を経ない儲君が皇位に就いている。
- On the contrary, chokun succeeded to the Imperial Throne without carrying out the ceremonial investiture of the Crown Prince for more than 300 years in the Northern Court (Japan), from Emperor Goenyu to Emperor Reigen who was enthroned after the unification of Southern and Northern Courts.
- 日本酒の消費が表向き数字の上では右肩上がりであった昭和時代中期には、日本酒の将来をまじめに考える造り手は圧倒的な少数派であり、脚光を浴びるには至らなかった。
- In the middle of the Showa period (around 1947 to 1970) when the consumption of sake grew in number, the sake breweries who thought seriously about the future of sake were very few and were not paid any attention.
- その後、生卵は第二次世界大戦後の食糧難の時期を経て、高度経済成長期に至る直前までは希少価値があり、病人食や虚弱体質の栄養補給として用いられることが多かった。
- After that, through an age of food shortage after the Second World War, raw eggs had been precious before the high economic growth period, and often used as a nutritional support for sick or weak people.
- 戦後の山名氏は存続こそ許されたものの、時義の子・山名時熙の但馬国守護職、同じく時義の子・氏幸の伯耆国守護職のみとなり、一族は大幅にその勢力を減ずるに至った。
- After the war against the bakufu, although the Yamana clan was permitted to have successors, only two members of the clan were allowed to serve as shugoshiki (provincial constables), Tokihiro, in charge of the Tajima Province, and Ujiyuki, in charge of the Hoki Province, both of who were sons of Tokiyoshi YAMANA.
- しかし「沙至比跪」の逸話が史実と見なせるかには疑問の余地があり、これを考慮すると、『書紀』の襲津彦像は総じて没個性的で、各々の記事間にも脈絡がほとんどない。
- However, there is controversy as to whether the legend of 'Hisachiku' can be thought of a historical fact; if we take this into account, Sotsuhiko described in 'Nihonshoki' seems overall to be lacking in personality and articles referring to him do not seem to show coherence in their descriptions.
- 鎌倉幕府滅亡から南北朝分立に至る動乱と西園寺本家断絶の混乱の中で、西園寺家庶家の西園寺公良が宇和郡に入り、在地の土豪を支配下に組み入れて領国支配を開始する。
- Amid the agitated situation from the fall of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to the separation of the Northern and Southern Courts and the chaos caused by the discontinuance of the Saionji family, Kimiyoshi SAIONJI, of a branch family of the Saionji family entered Uwa Country, and put the local clans under his control then began to rule over the territory.
- その後、応仁の乱で一時中断されたが、後土御門天皇の文明7年(1475年)に再興されて以後は孝明天皇に至るまで、平安宮(現在の京都御所)清涼殿の前庭で行われた。
- Subsequently, although the ceremony was interrupted with the Onin War, it started again in 1475, running from the reign of Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado to that of Emperor Komei; the ceremony was held in the front garden of the Palace of Heian (currently Kyoto Imperial Palace), Seiryo-den.
- このため、焼酎に限らず大手アルコール飲料メーカーは競うようにして同様の商品、すなわち瓶はスタイリッシュだが中身はあまり本格性のない焼酎甲類を発売するに至った。
- As a result, big manufacturers of alcoholic beverages began to sell not only shochu but similar products, that is, Korui shochu (the higher grade shochu) which a stylish bottle was used but content was not so genuine.
- しかし、本領である三刀屋の回復には至らず、毛利氏を退去して細川氏に仕え、慶長5年(1600年)の関ヶ原の戦いでは丹後国田辺城 (丹後国)籠城に加わり活躍した。
- Takasuke was short of recovering his fief Mitoya, and left the Mori clan to be a vassal of the Hosokawa clan; during the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, he joined the army locking itself up in Tanabejo Castle in Tango Province and where he provided exemplary service.
- その後も、大久保忠世ら諸将は小諸城に留まり真田勢と小競り合いを繰り返すも、11月には譜代の重臣石川数正が豊臣家に出奔する事態に至り、完全に撤退することになる。
- After that, warlords including Tadayo OKUBO stayed in Komoro-jo Castle and repeated skirmishes against Sanada's army, but in December, a senior fudai (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) Kazumasa ISHIKAWA ran away to the Toyotomi family, leading to a complete retreat.
- 真田氏はその後豊臣政権に臣従しており、上田合戦に至るまでの諸勢力との外交や数カ郡を支配する勢力拡大は、真田氏が小領主から大名化していく過程であると指摘される。
- The Sanada clan later served the Toyotomi government, and it is indicated that diplomatic relations with various influences and expansion of power to control several districts was the process of the Sanada clan growing from a small feudal lord to daimyo (major territorial lord).
- 院政期文化(いんせいきぶんか)または平安末期文化(へいあんまっきぶんか)とは、平安時代末葉の11世紀後半から鎌倉幕府成立に至る12世紀末にかけての日本の文化。
- Insei period culture (culture during the period of the government by the Retired Emperor) or the culture of the end of the Heian period refers to Japanese culture from the end of Heian period, the latter half of the 11th century to the period when the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was founded, the end of the 12th century.
- 鎌倉公方足利持氏と関東管領上杉憲実の不和から始まり、持氏の遺児である春王・安王の処刑に至るまでの永享の乱・結城合戦の顛末を真字(漢文)体で実録的に記している。
- It records the events of the Eikyo Rebellion and Yuki Battle in Mana (Chinese characters) starting with the dispute between Kamakura kubo Mochiuji ASHIKAGA and Kanto kanrei (shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) Akimitsu UESUGI, and ends with the execution of Mochiuji's remaining children, Shuno and Ano,
- しかしながら、今度の使節は対馬に着いたのみで太宰府へは至らず、同島で住民らと諍いを起こし対馬島人の塔二郎と弥二郎という二名を捕らえて、これらとともに帰還した。
- However, these envoys did not reach as far as Dazai-fu, only Tsushima Island, where they had a dispute with local people and captured two men on the island called Tojiro and Yajiro, and brought them home.
- これを地図で見るとちょうど大手門から数寄屋橋に至るまでの「の」の字の堀の内外に渦巻き上に将軍・親藩・譜代・外様大名・旗本御家人・町人が配置されている形になる。
- The layout of Edo is evident on the map as the shogunal, shinpan (Tokugawa's relatives), fudai daimyo, tozama daimyo, hatamoto and townspeople are positioned inside and outside a 'の' shaped moat stretching from Ote-mon Gate to Sukiya-bashi Bridge.
- また朝鮮軍は戦線膠着のため撤退し、その後の交渉で合意・実現に至ったのも倭寇の取り締まりであり、この遠征を理由に対馬を朝鮮の属国と見做すことは非常に論拠が薄い。
- Moreover, the Korean army withdrew after their invasion ended in a stalemate, and the focus of the agreement reached in subsequent negotiations and its execution was once again the suppression of the Wako, making this expedition an extremely weak justification for asserting that Tsushima had been a vassal state of Korea.
- このため、大名から民衆に至るまで上位の権力者から権利を授かれば、お礼として金品など実際の利益となる物を献上することが当然の礼儀・道理と考えられていたのである。
- As a result, everyone from Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) to commoners thought it a natural courtesy and righteous judgment to present something beneficial such as money or goods in return when he/she was given a right by the higher authority.
- そういう酒の味の代表格である新潟県で奨励品種の酒米として「越淡麗」(こしたんれい)を開発するに至り、現在ではすっかり酒の味に関しては「淡麗」と書くようになった。
- As sakamai '越淡麗 (koshitanrei)' was developed in Niigata Prefecture, which is representative sake for sale with such taste as a recommendable variety, it has become popular to write as '淡麗' as far as sake taste is concerned.
- 近代以前は、東は日本、西はアイルランド、モロッコ、北はモンゴル、スカンディナヴィア、南はインドに至るユーラシア/北アフリカ全域で各地方独特の鷹狩文化が開花した。
- Before modern times, original Taka-gari cultures flowered all over Eurasia and North Africa from Japan in the east to Ireland and Morocco in the west, and Mongolia and Scandinavia in the north and India in the south.
- 対岸の地御前神社と厳島神社の対応に至っては、身をもって味わい得ても、図示することは不可能だったと、厳島神社の建築と庭園の実測を行った建築家西澤文隆の言葉がある。
- The architect, Fumitaka NISHIZAWA, who surveyed the buildings and the gardens of the Itsukushima-jinja shrine said the contrast of the Jigozen-jinja Shrine on the opposite shore and Itsukushima-jinja shrine could be tasted, but are hard to illustrate.
- しかし、この時期も含めて義輝は度々長慶暗殺を試みており、その試みが自身の権力基盤を強化するどころか突き崩すものである事に考えが至らなかった事を強く示唆している。
- However, Yoshiteru made many attempts to assassinate Nagayoshi, including some in this period, and this fact strongly suggests that he did not realize such attempts would rather undermine the basis of his power than strengthen it.
- 国衙軍制と武士身分が確立する過程で、初期の武士が自分たちの地位確立を目指して行った条件闘争が武装蜂起にまで拡大し、平将門と藤原純友らによる承平天慶の乱に至った。
- Through the process of the establishment of the kokuga forces system and the samurai status, the conditional strike, which was originally started by the first samurai to establish their position, turned into an armed uprising, resulting in the Johei-Tengyo Revolt fought by FUJIWARA no Sumitomo and TAIRA no Masakado.
- こうした三曲の一員としての尺八は、西洋音楽の影響を受けた明治新曲や、春の海で知られる宮城道雄などの新日本音楽を経て、現代邦楽と呼ばれるジャンルを形成するに至った。
- Sankyoku compositions of this sort, which have been adapted to include a single shakuhachi player, along with Meiji shinkyoku, which are a type of music composed in Japan after the Meiji period reflecting the influence of classical western composition, and including Shin Nihon compositions, such as Haru-no-umi, by Michio MIYAGI, form the genre of music commonly referred to as modern Japanese music.
- 明治時代後期から昭和時代中期に至るまで約70年の時間をかけて、ゆっくりと濃醇辛口から淡麗甘口への移行が起こったことは「日本酒の淡麗甘口化」に詳しく述べられている。
- The details of the slow change of taste from thick and dry to tanrei and sweet in about 70 years from the latter part of the Meiji period to the middle of the Showa period was mentioned in the section 'The change of taste of sake to tanrei and sweet.'
- 一方、丁銀から南鐐二朱銀への改鋳が進行するにつれ、市中における秤量銀貨の不足により銀相場の高騰を招き、天明6年(1786年)には金1両=銀50匁をつけるに至った。
- On the other hand, as Chogin was reformed to Nanryo Nishu Gin, the shortage of silver coins by weight standard in market caused a steep rise in the price of silver, 50 monme of silver per 1 ryo of gold in 1786.
- 滝川の休職処分と同時に、京大法学部は教授31名から副手に至る全教官が辞表を提出して抗議の意思を示したが、大学当局および他学部は法学部教授会の立場を支持しなかった。
- At the same time as Takigawa's suspension, all law faculty staff, from 31 professors to the technicians, submitted their resignation as a sign of protest, but the University itself and other faculties did not support the stance of the board of law faculty professors.
- また、そうした源氏嫡流という概念の役目も江戸幕府の終焉、民法による近代法に基づく氏の概念に再編する過程を経ることによって源氏嫡流という概念の役目も消滅するに至った。
- Also, the role of this concept of the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan disappeared with the demise of the Edo bakufu and through the process of restructuring the concept of family names based on the modern law of the Civil Code.
- 京都は平安遷都以後現在に至るまで、政治・文化と同様に日本の漆工芸の中心地として王朝貴族の祭祀装飾品から茶道具まで特に手間隙をかけた完成度の高い漆器を送り出してきた。
- Kyoto has been the center of production of lacquer craftworks in Japan as well as of politics and culture since the transfer of national capital to the city of Heian-kyo, supplying high-quality lacquerware made with a great deal of time and care, from religious service accessories to tea utensils of the royalty and nobility.
- また本社では大正琴の製造工程が見学できる他、歴代(森田伍郎発明当時の品から現代に至るまで)の大正琴及び古い楽譜やレコードが展示され、大正琴の歴史を知ることができる。
- At the head office, in addition to an observation tour of the manufacturing processes of taishogoto, taishogoto of each generation (which ranges from the original taishogoto invented by Goro MORITA to the present one), old sheets of music and record albums are displayed allowing people to learn the history of taishogoto.
- 同時に大覚寺統側からその政治的立場に疑いを持たれるに至り、「関東申次」職を背景に朝廷内で隠然たる力を振るっていた西園寺家はその政治的求心力を大きく損なう事になった。
- At the same time, his political position was questioned by the Daikakuji Imperial line, the Saionji family, who had the position of 'Kanto Moshitsugi' and had strong political power in the Imperial Palace, ended up dramatically losing their unifying political force.
- 今川焼きを元に、種々の動物などを模した形に焼いた菓子が生まれ、その中で縁起が良く庶民がなかなか食べられない鯛の形をしたものが特に優勢になり現在に至ったとされている。
- Various animal shaped imagawa-yaki cakes were created and sea bream shaped cakes became particularly popular because sea bream were considered lucky fish and was too expensive for ordinary people.
- 怨念(おんねん)とは、その超自然的存在のもつ、あるいはその超自然的存在そのものである、「祟りの結果として表面化し、相手に影響を及ぼすに至る」とされる「思念」を指す。
- Onnen indicates a feeling held by a supernatural being that results in a curse that affects another person.
- また「二の太刀いらず」で有名なジゲン流(薬丸自顕流や示現流)を習得した薩摩藩士の戦いぶりにおいて、その斬殺死体の殆どが袈裟切りを受けて即死に至っていたとされている。
- It is also said that most people killed by feudal retainers of the Satsuma Domain, who acquired the skill of Jigen School (Yakushimarujigen School and Jigen School), which is known for the phrase 'another blow is not necessary', were slashed to instant death by kesagiri (slashing diagonally from the shoulder).
- 幕府が政治的に影響力を及ぼすことができたのは、当初は将軍任国である関東と将軍所領のみであったが、次第にその範囲は拡大し、承久の乱で全国的な支配権を確立するに至った。
- The regions over which the Kamakura Bakufu could exert a political influence were at first only the ningoku (place of appointment) of shogun, which was the Kanto region and the territories of the shogun, but gradually the regions expanded and after the Jokyu War, nationwide sovereignty was established.
- 網野町浅茂川から大宮町 (京都府)三重(みえ)地区に至る「郷村断層」(長さ約18km)と野田川町岩屋地区から宮津市府中地区までの「山田断層」(長さ約7km)である。
- They are the 'Goson Fault' (approximately 18km long), which extends from Asamogawa, Amino-cho to Mie District, Omiya-cho (Kyoto Prefecture), and the 'Yamada Fault' (approximately 7km long), which extends from Iwaya District, Nodagawa-cho to Fuchu District, Miyazu City.
- アメリカ人向けに寿司を提供する寿司屋は、1980年代以降、健康食として日本食が注目されるとともに、バブル景気に至る日本の経済的進出とも相まって、大きく店数を伸ばした。
- The number of sushi restaurants serving sushi for Americans largely increased when Japanese food attracted attention as healthy food and Japan economically advanced up until bubble economy.
- 寛永元年(1624年)に至って、徳川秀忠の娘東福門院が後水尾天皇の嫡妻として女御から皇后に立てられて、約300年ぶりに皇后が復活したが、このときの呼称は中宮であった。
- A daughter of Hidetada TOKUGAWA, Tofukumon-in who became the lawful wife of Emperor Gomizunoo was put up as empress from nyogo in 1624, and the empress was revived after the lapse of about 300 years and she was called chugu.
- 天皇の在世中には実現できなかったものの、天皇の皇子・直仁親王によって新宮家(閑院宮家)を設置するに至ったのもこうした良好な幕府との関係を抜きにして語ることは出来ない。
- Since there was a good relationship between the Imperial Palace and the bakufu, the Emperor's Prince, Imperial Prince Naohito was able to establish a new household for the Imperial prince (Kaninnomiya family), although it did not happen while the Emperor was in power.
- 戦前に大日本武徳会が柔道・剣道・弓道に段級位制武道を採用(段位制は講道館が、級位制は警視庁 (内務省)が先行して採用)して以降、他の武道にも採用され現在に至っている。
- Ever since Dainippon Butoku-kai applied the dan-kyu promotion system for judo, kendo and kyudo before the war (previously, the dan promotion system had been adopted by the Kodokan, the kyu promotion system by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (the Interior Ministry)), the other budos have also adopted the promotion system.
- 現在、座った状態で、鞘から刀剣を抜き放ち、さらに納刀に至るまでをも含めた技術を、一つの独立した武道と成している国は、全世界でも日本のみで、実は非常に稀有なものである。
- Currently, a sequence of techniques from drawing a sword to sheathing it while in a seated position is considered as an independent martial art only in Japan, but in fact it is very rare.
- 桜前線は例年、3月下旬に九州南部・四国南部へ上陸し、順次、九州北部・四国北部、瀬戸内海沿岸・関東地方、北陸地方、東北地方と北上し、5月上旬に北海道に至る形で描かれる。
- This line graph shows that Cherry Blossom Front lands the southern Kyushu and Shikoku areas in late March, subsequently moving northward in ascending order of latitude values of locations starting from the northern Kyushu and Shikoku areas, the Seto Inland Sea coast, the Kanto region, the Hokuriku region, the Tohoku region and finally reaching Hokkaido in early May annually.
- 宝暦暦が出来の悪い暦法であったことから、幕府は西洋天文学を取り入れた暦法に改暦をしようとし、高橋至時を幕府天文方に登用し、同門の間重富とともに改暦の準備に当たらせた。
- Because the Horyakureki (Horyaku calendar) was deemed to be inadequate, the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) decided to replace it with a new calendar by adopting Western astronomy; consequently, the bakufu employed Yoshitoki TAKAHASHI as the 'Bakufu Tenmongata' (official astronomer to a shogun) and asked him to reform the calendar with Shigetomi HAZAMA, an astronomer who had studied under the same teacher.
- かつては上記の欽明天皇即位年次のみならず、百済の聖王もまた513年から527年に至るまで即位年代に諸説が存在した(『三国史記』、書紀、『梁書』、『周書』、『北史』)。
- At one time, there were various theories on not only the year of the Emperor Kinmei's enthronement but also that of Shoo of Baekje, ranging from 513 to 527 ('Samguk Sagi' [History of the Three Kingdoms], Shoki, 'Book of the Liang dynasty,' 'Shusho' [one of Nijushishi, 24 dynastic histories in China, in which a history of Northern Zhou is given], and 'History of Northern Dynasties').
- この延喜期の既得権剥奪によって経済基盤を失おうとしている瀬戸内沿岸の衛府舎人らは、自らの権益を主張し続けていたが、承平期に至ってついに海賊行為を展開することとなった。
- Facing the loss of their economic basis due to the deprivation of the vested rights in the Engi era, the Efutoneri along the Seto Inland Sea continued claiming their rights, and entering the Johei era, took the action of piracy.
- 9世紀後期に至って律令制的な人民支配・租税収取に限界が生じたため、10世紀初頭より、地方政治への大幅な統治委任や個別人身支配から土地課税原則への方針転換が進められた。
- As the limitation of people-based governance/tax collection under the Ritsuryo system became clear in the late 9th century, policy changes, such as substantial delegation of authority to local administrative bodies and the switch from the principle of people-based governance to the principle of tax on land, were implemented in early 10th century.
- 加えて明和5年(1768年)から寛永通寳真鍮當四文 (通貨単位)銭の鋳造を請負い、これ以降、文久永宝に至るまで四文銭の鋳造は銀座の指導監督のもと行われることとなった。
- The ginza later became responsible for minting the Kan'ei Tsuho shinchu-yonmon (currency unit) coin from 1768, marking the start of yonmon coin minting under the supervision of the ginza until the Bunkyu and Eiho periods
- この結果、朱子学とその派生形態である陽明学の中にある、思弁的側面に集中的に研究が加えられ、或はその思弁的側面こそが朱子学ないし陽明学の特徴であると考えられるに至った。
- As a result, the speculative sides of Shushigaku and its derivative Yomeigaku have been intensively studied and these speculative sides are considered to characterize Shushigaku and Yomeigaku.
- 下京区の流域の一部では、堆積していた有害物質が雨水によって溶け出しても下流まで押し流すまでに至らず、さらに堆積していき、悪臭や水質汚濁の原因になっているところもある。
- In parts of the watershed section in Shimogyo Ward, while rain water dissolves accumulated harmful substances, it is not sufficient enough to move those substances downstream, causing foul odors and water pollution in some areas.
- 現在に至る過去数十年間、中国での砂漠化の主な原因は、伐採、放牧、農耕、水利用の失敗などの人為的なものに加えて、自然な気候変動による乾燥化が重なったことだとされている。
- It is considered that the major factors contributing to desertification in the last several tens of years in China were the dry climate due to climate changes in addition to artificial factors, such as policy failures in cutting trees, pasturing, farming and water usage.
- ただし、応神から継体に至る中間4代の系譜について『記紀』では省略されており、辛うじて鎌倉時代の『釈日本紀』に引用された『上宮記』逸文という史料によって知ることが出来る。
- The four generations from Ojin to Keitai is omitted in the genealogy of 'Kiki', and the only historical material on them is the barely surviving fragment of 'Joguki', quoted in 'Shaku Nihongi' which was established in Kamakura period.
- その後、701年(大宝 (日本)元年)に定められた大宝令官制に至って、後の八省の一つとなる宮内省(くないしょう、みやのうちのつかさ)に類似した組織が定められたとされる。
- Later, it is said that, according to the regulations based on Taiho-ryo (Taiho Code) set in 701, an organization similar to the Imperial Household Ministry (kunai-sho, miyanouchi-no-tsukasa) which became one of the Hassho (eight ministries and agencies) was established.
- 封建制度の下では、光信の長男である貞信の家系が宗家となるはずであったが、貞信が27歳で早世し後継ぎがなかったため、以後、幕末に至る狩野家の正系は孝信の子孫となっている。
- Under the feudal system, the family line of Sadanobu, Mitsunobu's first son, was supposed to be the head of family; however, Sadanobu died without an heir at the age of just 27, so after that the legitimacy of the Kano family was the descendant of Takanobu till the end of the Edo period.
- 昭和初期おいて近代主義モダニズムに通じるその美学が注目されるに至り、重森三玲によって自身が作庭する庭園に用いて、昭和14年には京都東福寺方丈庭園にその端緒を採り入れる。
- During the early Showa Period, aesthetics together with modernism were used for the garden designs by Mirei SHIGEMORI, in 1939, this was first used in the Hojo Garden (literally 'Head monk's Garden') of Tofuku-ji Temple in Kyoto.
- そして、一族の者は中央に出仕して代々蔵人を務め嫡流は「多田蔵人」を称したが、摂関家の政治力の低下とも相俟ってその勢力は振るわず、行綱に至るまで主だった人物は出ていない。
- The Tada clan worked at court as secretary of the emperor for generations and the head of the clan called himself 'Tada Kurodo' while the decrease of political power of the regent family broke the force of the Tada clan and no prominent person had appeared before Yukitsuna.
- 国風文化の時代の和歌の隆盛は歌学の発展を促し、『古今和歌集』の紀貫之「仮名序」がその先駆けをなすといわれ、藤原公任の『新撰髄脳』などの自覚的な著作もあらわれるに至った。
- The prosperity of waka in the period of Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) facilitated the development in the study of poetry; beginning with 'Kanajo' (a preface written in kana) by KI no Tsurayuki of 'Kokin Wakashu,' subjective pieces such as 'Shinsen Zuino' (The Essentials of Poetry, Newly Compiled) of FUJIWARA no Kinto appeared.
- その結果、ドイツの憲法体制が最も日本に適すると信ずるに至った(ただし、伊藤はドイツの方式を過度に評価する井上毅を嗜めるなど、そのままの移入を考慮していたわけではない)。
- After the study, Ito believed that the German constitution was the most suitable to model after for Japan's constitution (But Ito reproved Kowashi INOUE who overvalued German system, and thought that they could not introduce German constitution as it was.)
- そして、経歴的には天徳 (日本)4年(960年)には40歳で未だに天文得業生、天禄3年(972年)にようやく天文博士(『親信卿記』)となり、従四位下左京権大夫には至った
- At the age of 40 in 960, Seimei was still a Tenmon tokugyou no sho (researcher of astrology); in 972, he was promoted to tenmon hakase ('Chikanobu kyo ki') and was ranked as jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) Sakyo no gon no daibu (Provisional Master of the Eastern Capital Offices).
- さらに円大臣の娘の韓媛は雄略天皇の妃として、清寧天皇を設けているから、仁徳より仁賢に至る9天皇のうち、安康天皇を除いた8天皇が葛城氏の娘を后妃か母としていることになる。
- Furthermore, a daughter of Tsubura no Okimi, Karahime, is the empress (wife) of Emperor Yuryaku, and had Emperor Seinei as her son; among 9 emperors from Nintoku to Ninken, 8 of them, with the exception of Emperor Anko, had the daughters of Katsuraki clan as empresses or mothers.
- 江戸時代にベストセラーとなった『日本外史』でも、巻十一に「降りて戦国に至り、この兵各々群雄の分ち領する所となり(中略)之に教へて後戦う者は、武田・上杉より過ぐるはなし。
- In Volume 11 of 'Nihon Gaishi (historical book on Japan),' which was one of the bestsellers in the Edo Period, it is described as 'Later in sengoku (period of warring states), such military forces were divided and owned by local barons (snip) after teaching them, Takeda and Uesugi became the best fighters.
- 文献以前の日本語には[p]音が存在していたと考えられているが、これが上代日本語末期までには既に摩擦音[ɸ]となり、さらに近代日本語において[h]音へと変化して現在に至る。
- It is considered that a sound [p] existed in the Japanese language in the pre-literature period, but it turned into a fricative consonant [ɸ] as early as the end of Old Japanese and further changed into a sound [h] in Early Modern Japanese.
- 七十二候の一つ「半夏生」(はんげしょうず)から作られた暦日で、かつては夏至から数えて11日目としていたが、現在では天球上の黄経100度の点を太陽が通過する日となっている。
- It is a calendar day adopted from Hangeshozu which is one of the 72 divisions of the solar calendar and was formerly the eleventh day after the Summer solstice, and currently is the day that the sun passes overhead at an ecliptic longitude of 100 degrees.
- すると延宝1年(1673年)、徳川幕府は酒造統制の一環として寒造り以外の醸造が禁止するに至り、その結果四季醸造は衰退への一途をたどり、寒造りが醸造法の主流となっていった。
- The Tokugawa shogunate then tried to standardize sake brewing by banning brewing other than kanzukuri, and shikijozo started to decline, and kanzukuri became the main brewing method.
- 全体計画の完成には至らず、主に練習場の用途であったが、もう少し戦争が長引いていれば福知山市も空襲の対象になっていたのではないかともいわれるほど、当時の軍事拠点でもあった。
- The whole plan was never completed, and the airport was mainly used for practice, but, it is said that since Fukuchiyama was a military hub at the time, Fukuchiyama City may have been the target of an air attack if the war had persisted a bit longer.
- また、長年続いた礼銭の観念から賄賂に対する罪悪感は希薄な状態が続き、江戸幕府そして明治政府以後に至るまでこうした賄賂や買収を巡る問題が絶えない一因とも考えられるのである。
- It is also possible to suppose that the issues of bribery and corruption kept appearing from the Edo bakufu through and after the Meiji government because people had been accustomed to the concept of the reisen and not felt so guilty for a long time.
- 乾元 (日本)元年(1302年)に内親王宣下を受け、徳治元年(1306年)、斎宮に卜定されるが、徳治3年(1308年)、異母兄後二条天皇崩御のため、群行には至らず退下した。
- In 1302, she was conferred by the Emperor as an Imperial Princess, and in 1306, she was selected by divination as a Saigu (vestal virgin princess serving at Ise-jingu Shrine), but since her older paternal half-brother Emperor Gonijo died in 1308, she resigned before going to Ise.
- 武徳会は全国に普及、徹底させようとするも、この「中間的妥協案」には弓道界から賛否続出、雑誌・新聞紙上で大論争が展開され、ついには「鵺(ぬえ)的射法」と揶揄されるまでに至る。
- Butoku Kai tried to spread and enforce it nationwide, but this 'intermediate compromise' raised many opinions pro and con from the Kyudo world, and a major debate emerged in magazines and newspapers, eventually mocking it a 'Nue-mato shaho (slippery art of shooting an arrow).'
- 昭和20年代ごろまで安全醸造が日本酒造りにおける至上命題となっていたころ、腐造した酒を審査で落とす目安として、全国新酒鑑評会で色のついた完成酒を減点するという時代があった。
- During the period when safe brewing was an absolute must in sake brewing until the 20s of the Showa period (around 1946), a colored sake had points deducted at the Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai as a guide to eliminate the sake of putrefaction.
- 養老律令詐偽律には、詔の作成や奏事・上書において事実と異なることを行った者を徒罪2年とするとされ、平安時代末期の公家法を伝える『法曹至要抄』でも重罪の1つとして説かれている。
- Yoro ritsuryo code (code promulgated in the Yoro period) Sagi-ritsu (rules against falsity) prescribes that the person who made a statement different from the fact in the preparation of an imperial decree or soji (reports to be submitted to the emperor through Daijokan [Grand Council of State]) and josho (letters and/or documents to be submitted to the emperor) is sentenced 2-year imprisonment, and also it is stated as one of serious crimes in 'Hossoshiyosho' (The Essentials for the Judiciary) (a legal book compiled by the Sakanoue clan between the end of Heian period and the early Kamakura period) which describes the kugeho (court noble law, laws issued by the imperial court) at the end of Heian period.
- このように祭祀の形式にあわせて、楼門と回廊と幣殿が建てられたが、これらを持つに至らない小規模な神社は、やがてその機能を圧縮して、ひとつの社殿にその機能を備えさせることにした。
- As we have seen, the original forms of ceremonies were developed into the structures of romon, corridor, and heiden; on the other hand, a small size shrine, which was not big enough to have all the sections, subsequently consolidated all the features into a single pavillion.
- 尤も、この切れ味は最適な角度で切り込んでこそ発揮できるもので、静止物に刀を振り下ろす試し斬りならともかく、実戦で動き回る相手に対し常に最適の角度で切り込むのは至難の業である。
- However, this sharpness is only demonstrated by cutting with the optimal angle, so, setting aside testing sharpness by bringing Katana down to a body at rest, it is virtually impossible to cut always with the optimal angle against someone moving around in an actual fight.
- しかし、明治以降の日本とスペインは、スペイン内戦~第二次世界大戦にかけての一時期を除き、政治・外交上の懸案も少ない代わりに関係や関心も希薄という状況が続き、現在に至っている。
- Since then, there have been few political or diplomatic concerns between Japan and Spain and the two countries have had little interest in each other (except during the period of the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War) to date.
- 本文はわずかだが、その分注には『百済三書』を引用し、壬午年に新羅征討に遣わされた「沙至比跪(さちひく)」なる人物が美女に心を奪われ、誤って加羅を滅ぼすという逸話が紹介される。
- There is a little description of him in it, but quoting from the 'three books of Paekche' (Original Records of Paekche, Records of Paekche, and The New Selection of Paeche), the note introduces a legend of a man named 'Hisachiku' was sent to Shiragi seito (expedition to Shirai) for a battle in the year of Jingo but lost his heart to a beauty and caused Kara to fall.
- もっとも、本来、天皇の生母への優遇措置であった女院の地位に至る要件が時代がくだるとともに次第に多様化したことから、すべての女院が上皇と同じ待遇を受けることができたわけではない。
- However, because the requirements to get the status of nyoin, which was originally the good treatment for real mother of emperor, gradually diversified as time passed, not all nyoins were able to receive the same treatment as that of Joko.
- かくして光仁以来の天智系皇統が天武系皇統を教訓にして取り入れた兄弟継承の相続(大兄制の実質復活)は、藤原種継暗殺事件から承和の変に至る皇位継承を巡る内紛の連鎖の招来に終わった。
- Therefore, after Emperor Tenji's Imperial line learned its lesson from Emperor Tenmu's Imperial line and since the era of Emperor Konin, the Imperial throne was succeeded between brothers (the practical return of the succession between the eldest brothers), and it was responsible for a continuous dispute for Imperial succession, starting from the incident to assassinate FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu and ended with the Showa Disturbance.
- 果ては幕府自体が財政難を救うためにあえて一揆を黙認して「分一徳政令」(紛争となった債権額の一割を幕府に納付した紛争当事者が自由に処理できるとした徳政令)を出すに至ったのである。
- Eventually, the bakufu even issued the 'Buichi Tokusei-rei' (Ten Per Cent Debt-relief Edict), in which a party involved in a conflict was allowed to dispose their credit at will if they paid ten percent of the credit amount in dispute to the bakufu, and they acquiesced ikki in order to solve their own financial difficulty.
- 朝鮮王朝にとって交易品の輸送は特に負担となっていた様であり、朝鮮王朝実録にその様子は「沿路各官、人吏竝出、夜以繼晝、輸運之物、絡繹於道、至於妻子、徧受其苦、重載之牛、多斃路中。
- For the Korean Dynasty, the transportation of products was especially a heavy burden, and the 'Korean Dynasty's Fact Record' described that situation and said as follows:
- 天保13年9月15日(1842年10月18日)には結婚を前に内親王宣下がなされるも、その2日後の9月17日(10月20日)に愛仁親王の薨去が発せられたため、結婚には至らなかった。
- She received the title to become Imperial Princess on October 18, 1842 just before she was getting married however, two days after this, on October 20 Imperial Prince Naruhito died and the marriage did not happen.
- 朱熹の学は、社会の統治を担う士大夫層の学として受け入れられたが、元 (王朝)代には科挙試験が準拠する経書解釈として国に認定されるに至り、国家教学としてその姿を変えることになった。
- The learnings of Hsi CHU were accepted as learnings for the Shitaifu (Scholar-bureaucrats) class, who were in charge of social governance; during the Yuan dynasty, the state for interpretation of classic Confucian writings stipulated that the Kakyo shiken (examinations for Chinese state bureaucrats) should conform to these learnings, and changes were made to the national education.
- また九十九髪と表記される場合もあるが、「髪」は「白髪」に通じ、同様に長い時間経過や経験を意味し、「多種多様な万物が長い時間や経験を経て神に至る物(者)」のような意味を表すとされる。
- This word is also written as '九十九髪,' and it also means 'things that have become deities over a long time or experience' since '髪' (hair) implies '白髪' (gray hair).
- 国史『日本三代実録』を完成させ、また律令政治の基本法である三代格式の撰修に取り掛かったりしたが、完成に至らぬまま早世し、弟藤原忠平らがその志を継いで延長5年(927年)に完成した。
- He finished making National History, 'Nihon San-dai Jitsuroku' and also entered into editing the San-dai Kyakushiki government, which was the basic law of ritsuryo codes, but he died without finishing it, and in 927 his brother FUJIWARA no Tadahira succeeded in Tokihira's desire to finish it.
- 豊臣政権時から江戸時代後期に至るまでは、この戦役が日本が明の征服を目指す途上の朝鮮半島で行われたものであることから唐入り・唐御陣、あるいは高麗陣・朝鮮陣などの呼称が用いられていた。
- From the time of the Toyotomi Government to the late Edo period, as Japan carried out this war on the Korean Peninsula on the way to conquer Ming, it was called 'karairi' (literally, entering China), 'karagojin' (literally, China war), or 'Korai jin' (the Goryeio war), and 'Chosen jin' (literally, Korea wa).
- その後も修史事業は試みられ「新国史」なるものが存在したと伝聞されるが、若干残った逸文から見ると完成奏上に至らなかったとする見解が主流であり、原因としては律令政治の衰退があげられる。
- There were other attempts to compile national histories following Rikkokushi and it is rumored that there was a 'Shinkokushi' (New National History), but the few remaining rare texts have led to the prevailing opinion that they were never completed and reported to the emperor, with the decline of government according to the Ritsuryo codes given as a reason for this.
- 日本二百名山に数えられる伯母子岳が単独で、または護摩壇山の関連ルートとして歩かれているのを一例外として、他は交通至難であることも手伝って歩く人も少なく、静謐な雰囲気が保たれている。
- Among many parts of the route, Mt. Obakodake is relatively busy because it is one of the 200 top mountains of Japan and one of routes to climb Mt. Gomadan, however, since the whole route is difficult to access, other parts of the route keep tranquil atmosphere.
- 昭和15年(1940年)12月、東亜書道新聞社が座談会を催し、書家の参集を求めて書道界の大同団結について意見を交換し、昭和16年(1941年)1月、「書壇革新協議会」の結成に至った。
- In December of 1940, Toa Shodo Shinbunsha (a news paper company concerned with calligraphy) held a round-table discussion to gather many calligraphers and to exchange opinions about uniting persons in the calligraphic society for a common purpose, consequently leading to the establishment of the 'Shodan Kakushin Kyogikai.'
- また、大振りとなった装束に張りを持たせる為、強く糊を張った「強装束」または「剛装束」(どちらも「こわしょうぞく」)と呼ばれる着装法の登場によって、装束の形状変化は一定の終着に至った。
- In order to add firmness to a rather big costume, stiffly starched clothing called 'kowashozoku' appeared and the changes in costumes were unified into a certain style.
- こうして徐々に定着した西洋風の食習慣が高度経済成長期以降、国民所得の増加及び食文化の変化とともに家庭へと普及し、現在では日本の家庭の食卓をかざる惣菜等として定着するにまで至っている。
- Western eating habits began to spread in Japanese households gradually in accordance with an increase in national income and a change in food culture following a period of high economic growth, and Yoshoku is now a daily dish in Japanese households.
- しかし、江戸末期から昭和や平成に至るまで、その時代時代の民俗学者の著書の発行と民俗学による権威付けが、妖怪という日本の民族文化の衰退の歯止めとして、一役買ったことは否めないであろう。
- However, from the end of the Edo period until the Showa and Heisei periods, it cannot be denied that publications of books by folklorists of the time and the prestige placed by folklore played a role in preventing the disappearance of yokai as an ethnic culture of Japan.
- この争いを、文永元年(元の至元 (元世祖)元年/1264年)から徳治3年(元の至大元年/1308年)にかけての骨嵬(アイヌ)と元との交戦後の講和を巡る方針争いによるとする見解がある。
- There is an observation that this was a conflict concerning the peace policy after the war between the Ainu and Yuan that took place in 1264 and ended in 1308.
- 天皇に「精神若しくは身体の疾患又は事故があるとき」であっても、それが一時的なものであり、摂政を置くまでに至らない場合には、国事行為臨時代行が置かれる(国事行為の臨時代行に関する法律)。
- If the emperor has 'mental or physical diseases or hindrance', but they are temporary and Sessho (regent) is not required, a temporary agent for emperor's constitutional functions is assigned (law concerning agency for emperor's constitutional functions).
- そのため、直系男子による皇統が一旦断絶したとしても、古くは継体天皇から光仁天皇、光孝天皇、後嵯峨天皇、後花園天皇、光格天皇に至るまで、傍系ではあるが全て男系により皇統がつながれてきた。
- Therefore, even though Imperial line of direct male Imperial members was discontinued, between the era of Emperor Keitai in old days through to Emperor Konin, Emperor Koko, Emperor Gosaga, Emperor Gohanazono, Emperor Kokaku, the Imperial line was passed by the male Imperial members although it was a collateral line.
- だが、将軍徳川綱吉もまた個人的に基熙を嫌っていたために霊元院政に代わる近衛基熙体制も容認しがたく、幕府と関白が連携して院政(仙洞御所において行われる政治)を抑えるまでには至らなかった。
- However, Shogun Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA personally was not fond of Motohiro and did not want to support the cloister government of the Retired Emperor Reigen or the government of Motohiro KONOE; thus there was no conspiracy for the government of Edo and kanpaku to work together in pressuring the cloister government (the government ruled from Sento-Imperial Palace).
- 平安期に登場した装束はそれ以降も朝廷・幕府等の儀礼に用いられ、着装法や着装する儀式と装束の相関に様々な時代的変化を経たものの、形状等の基礎的な部分に於いては現代に至っても通底している。
- The costumes that appeared during the Heian period had been used for ceremonies in the Imperial court and bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) since then, and the shape of clothing has essentially been the same until today, though 'how to wear costumes' and 'how rituals and costumes related to each other' had gone through various changes through the years.
- このような伝統と巧みな技術開発により、襖紙産地としての名声を高め、太平洋戦争後の復興需要で、生産量が飛躍的に拡大し、機械抄紙機の普及にともなって、現在に至るまで襖紙の主流を占めている。
- Tradition and these developments of skillful techniques improved the reputation of Echizen as a production area of fusuma paper, and its production rapidly expanded by the increased demand due to revival after the Pacific War, and it has been the mainstream of fusuma paper until now in accordance with the prevalence of power-driven shoshi-ki machines.
- 彼は阿衡事件で藤原基経を諌めた事をきっかけに宇多天皇の抜擢を受け、次の醍醐天皇の治世に従二位・右大臣に至るが、901年、藤原時平の讒言により大宰権帥に左遷され、903年、大宰府にて薨去。
- After speaking out against Fujiwara no Mototsune in the Ako Incident, he was favored by the Emperor Uda and reached the position of Minister of the Right, Junior Second Rank, during the reign of the Emperor Daigo, but he was slandered by Fujiwara no Tokihira, demoted to the Dazai-no-Gonnosotsu, Deputy Governor of Dazaifu in 901, and died there in 903.
- 「やや硬めの陶器」を意味する「トックウル」という朝鮮語を語源とする説が主張されたこともあるが、「とっくり」の語が成立した時期の朝鮮語の音が不明であるため、広い支持を得るには至っていない。
- There was a theory that 'tokku uru' in Korean meaning 'rather hard ceramics' was the name origin; however, the sound of the Korean word corresponding to 'tokkuri' was uncertain, so this theory could not gain popular support.
- ただ、業として無尽と、無尽管理業務についてのみの規制に留まり、住民や職場などで、業者を関与させずに無尽をする行為を禁止するものではなかったので、その後も無尽は続けられ、現在に至っている。
- However, it regulated Mujin as business and the Mujin management task and did not prohibit any Mujin conduct in a residence, working place, and other without involving the dealers, therefore, Mujin has continued up to the present date.
- 一方、鹿児島では、2月9日に県庁に自首してきた野村綱から、「大久保から鹿児島県内の偵察を依頼されてきた」という内容の自供を得て、西郷暗殺計画には大久保利通も関与していたと考えるに至った。
- On February 9, in Kagoshima, Tsuna NOMURA surrendered to the prefectural office and confessed that he was sent by OKUBO on reconnaissance in Kagoshima Prefecture; accordingly, it was concluded that Toshimichi OKUBO was engaged in the plan of assassinating SAIGO.
- 江戸時代に至っては、京都や諸国の優秀な民間医が官位を与えられて典薬寮医師(御典医)に登用されるケースが多くなり、典薬大允以下の役職は、典医の中から技術の優劣や年功の長幼によって選ばれた。
- Leading up into the Edo period, there were many cases where the most outstanding private civilian doctors in Kyoto and the other provinces were given office and rank and appointed as Tenyakuryo physicians (goteni); candidates--both young and old--for official posts of Tenyaku Taijo (Senior Secretary of the Bureau of Medicine) rank or lower were chosen from among the teni (doctors) either due to their superior skills or due to a long record of distinguished service.
- 荘官、郡司、郷司、保司らは在地社会での軍事的緊張、特に荘園と公領の対立が高まるにつれて武士が任命されることが多くなり、鎌倉時代に至って鎌倉殿に任命された地頭として安定した地位を獲得した。
- More samurai warriors were assigned to shokan, gunji, goji, and hoji officers as military tensions increased in local societies, especially between manors and the Imperial demesnes, and they eventually gained a stable position during the Kamakura period, when a position called jito (a lord of a manor) was given to the Kamakura-dono (the lord of the Kamakura shogunate).
- 第39節には通算2回目の優勝を決め、最終節に勝利すれば、2004年の川崎フロンターレに次いでシーズン勝点100以上を達成となったが、1-2でヴァンフォーレ甲府に敗れ、達成には至らなかった。
- The team won the J2 championship for the second time overall in the 39th game, and if it had won the final game, it would have attained more points than 99 after Kawasaki Frontale in 2004, but it was defeated by Ventforet Kofu by 1-2 and failed to attain those points.
- それまでの木刀を使用した稽古(すべて仮当てだが間違えば大怪我、死亡など事故に至りかねない)とは違って、相手に本気で打ちかかることが出来た(ただし、怪我をする人はするし、かなり痛みも伴う)。
- Unlike in training using regular wooden swords which have the potential to cause serious injury and even fatal accidents even if trainees strike at their opponents for practice, in training using fukuro shinai, trainees can strike at their opponents with all their might (even so, some trainees may be injured, and trainees often suffer from considerable pain when they are struck).
- その一方で長期に渡る鎖国の反動からか文化・風土面においても世界的に類を見ない規模の欧化政策(脱亜入欧)を行い、現代に至るまでの日本人における白人コンプレックスの礎となったと考える者もいる。
- On the other hand, there is also an opinion that the Japanese government introduced a Europeanization policy (leave Asia, enter Europe) into its culture and its natural features on an such an unprecedented scale due to a backlash against its extended seclusionism, that it layed a foundation for the people of Japan to have an inferior complex to the Caucasian that remains even today.
- 」(輸送品は道に連なり、倭人上京道路沿線住民は官吏・人民の区別なく、夜昼を問わず交易品の運搬に駆り出され、妻子に至るもその苦役を受け、荷物の重さに耐えかね牛は道に斃れる)と描写されている。
- Products to be exported are piled up on the streets, and all residents who live along the streets which Japanese people use for the travel to the capital city, both government officials and ordinary people, have to help the transportation of the products day and night; and furthermore, even women and children also have to do that duty, and cows which sink under a heavy burden just fall down on the street.'
- 中世の朝廷は朝儀に関する有職故実を家学化して、公家の諸家がそれを家職として分掌することで維持され、万が一断絶に至った場合にはそうした家を養子縁組によって再興・継続させる方針が採られていった。
- The court of the middle ages was maintained by establishing Yusokukojitu (precedent cases and stories about court protocol) of Chogi as a Kagaku and the various aristocratic families became in charge of it as Kashoku and if the family had no successor, such families were reestablished by taking members in by adoption.
- 後に菅原氏は清公・菅原是善・菅原道真・菅原淳茂の4代の文章博士を輩出し、文章院は大学直曹(公認寄宿舎)としての地位を得るに至った(これに対抗するために設置されたのが大学別曹と言われている)。
- Later, the Sugawara clan produced four monjo hakase, Kiyokimi, SUGAWARA no Koreyoshi, SUGAWARA no Michizane and SUGAWARA no Atsushige and monjoin was granted the position of daigaku jikiso (official dormitory) (it is said that daigaku besso (academic facility for nobles) was built in rivalry with it).
- 唐に至って、歴史書を編纂する事業は国家の事業となり、『晋書』『梁書』『陳書』『周書』『隋書』などが次々と編纂され、これまでの紀伝体の史書のうち史記や漢書、三国志などとあわせて「正史」とした。
- But beginning in the era of the Tang dynasty, the task of compiling histories became an affair of the state; the Tang state proceeded to compile several histories one after another, including the 'Book of Jin', the 'Book of Liang', the 'Book of Zhou', and the 'Book of Sui', and pairing these new histories with a selection of histories in biographical annal format that had already been written such as the Shiji, the Book of Han, and the Annals of the Three Kingdoms, declared the combined set the official histories.
- この竹原小早川家は小早川氏の分家筋にあたるが、元弘の乱以降、足利高氏の下で戦い、室町幕府成立に貢献したこともあり、徐々に勢力を拡大し、室町時代中期には本家・沼田小早川家と拮抗するまでに至る。
- This Takehara-Kobayakawa clan was a branch of the Kobayakawa clan but since the Genko War, they fought under Takauji ASHIKAGA and contributed to the establishment of the Muromachi Bakufu (Shogunate); they gradually increased their power and by the mid-Muromachi period, they were competing against the Nuta-Kobayakawa clan, the head family.
- 下位の者の意見を取り上げる形式をとって下位の不満を抑えつつも、最終的な決裁権は最高権力者が保持し続けるというこのやり方は江戸時代に至るまで、「伝統的」・「原則的」手法として守られ続けていった。
- This way of decision-making, in which the highest man of power had the authority of the final decision while suppressing complaints of under class people using the form of adopting their opinions, had been kept as a 'traditional' and 'fundamental' way until the Edo period.
- 反証可能性に至っていないもの、地球温暖化の進行程度の差を指摘するものなどが多く見られ、いずれの場合も化石燃料由来温室効果ガスの地球温暖化効果自体を否定する科学的根拠が示されているわけではない。
- There are many theories, some of which are not convincing and some of which point out the difference in degree of the progress of global warming; in summary, any of them does not show a scientific ground for denying the influence of global warning caused by greenhouse gases originated from fossil fuel.
- 『八幡大菩薩愚童訓』には「夜々ニ筑紫之地ヲ見廻、船戦之場懸足逃道ニ至マテ、差図ヲ書」とあり、『元史』趙良弼伝にも「使日本趙良弼、至太宰府而還、具以日本君臣爵号、州郡名数、風俗土宜来上」とある。
- 'Hachiman Daibosatsu Gudokun' (another title of Hachiman Gudokun) reads, 'they looked around Chikushi Province in the night and wrote instructions about the place for naval battle, position and the way to escape' and in addition, the records on Liang-pi CHAO in 'Genshi' also says, 'envoy to Japan Liang-pi CHAO reached Dazai-fu and returned with detailed information about Japanese titles granted to vassals, the number and names of provinces, customs and products.'
- こうして、駿河国・遠江国・三河国の3ヶ国を支配する上に尾張国の一部を有するなど、今川氏の最盛期を築くまでに至った義元ではあったが、1560年に桶狭間の戦いで織田信長に本陣を襲撃され、敗死した。
- Yoshimoto governed three provinces: Suruga, Totomi and Mikawa and occupied part of Owari Province, and the Imagawa clan reached the zenith, but he was killed by Nobunaga ODA by the attack to his headquarters in the Battle of Okehazama in 1560.
- しかし、郡司・百姓層の要求が多分に自利的であることに藤原道長を首班とする太政官も次第に気付き始め、1110年代後期~1120年代にかけて国司解任に至る事例は約5割から約2割へと激減していった。
- However Daijokan headed by FUJIWARA no Michinaga became aware that some claims of Gunji and farmers are rather selfish and thus claims that won dismissal of the Kokushu dramatically dropped from about 50% to 20% during the period between the latter half of the 1110's and the 1120's.
- しかし、過去アメリカにおける禁酒法が実効をあげなかったこと、闇酒が多くの犠牲者を出していたこと、大手ビール会社が確保していた大麦の一部を供出したこと、などの要因によって命令は実施に至らなかった。
- However, that order did not go into effect for such reasons as the National Prohibition Act in the United States was not effective in the past, illegal liquors caused many victims, and major beer companies supplied a part of the barley which they secured.
- 現在の京都市は、伏見市をはじめとする周辺の市町村を編入したため、江戸時代以前からの伝統的な「京都」の範囲は、現在の京都市内の一部に過ぎない(京北町に至ってはかつては丹波国桑田郡の一部であった)。
- Due to the fact that modern-day Kyoto City was formed by merging surrounding cities, towns and villages which included Fushimi City, the area of the traditional pre-Edo period 'Kyoto' accounts for only part of modern-day Kyoto City (the area extending to Keihoku Town was formerly part of Kuwata District in Tanba Province).
- 上総国出身で商人だった伊能忠敬(1745年 - 1818年)は隠居後に学問を本格的に開始し、江戸で幕府天文方の高橋至時(1764年 - 1804年)に師事し、測量・天体観測などについて修めていた。
- Tadataka INO (1745 - 1818), a merchant from Kazusa Province, started to study in earnest after retiring from the business and studied measurement and astronomical observation in Edo under Yoshitoki TAKAHASHI (1764 - 1804) of Tenmonkata (Astronomical Institute) of the Edo Bakufu.
- そして、旧幕府において京都と江戸の警備に当たっていた会津藩及び庄内藩は朝敵と見なされ、会津は武装恭順の意志を示したものの、新政府の意志は変わらず、周辺諸藩は新政府に会津出兵を迫られる事態に至った。
- Accordingly, the Aizu and Shonai clans that took the charges of keeping peace of the cities of Kyoto and Edo became the enemies of the imperial court; Aizu were willing to show allegiance but the new government still took Aizu as the enemy, forcing the surrounding clans to dispatch troops against Aizu.
- 更に3代将軍徳川家光はこれまで手薄で残されてきた城の西部外郭を固めることにし、溜池や神田川に注ぎ込む小川の谷筋を利用して溜池から赤坂、四ッ谷、市ヶ谷を経て牛込に至り、神田川に接する外堀を造らせた。
- Moreover, the third shogun, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA decided to reinforce the castle's western exterior enclosure, which was left untouched, and built an outer moat using the reservoirs and streams that coursed through Akasaka, Yotsuya, Ichigaya to Ushigome before flowing into Kanda-gawa River.
- 応仁・文明の乱以後、松田数秀・松田長秀・松田清秀・松田晴秀らが政所寄人の筆頭である政所執事代に任じられ、飯尾氏・清氏らとともに幕府奉行人として永禄年間(1558~1570)に至るまで活動していた。
- After the Onin-Bunmei Wars, Kazuhide MATSUDA, Nagahide MATSUDA, Kiyohide MATSUDA and Haruhide MATSUDA were appointed as Mandokoro shitsujidai, the head of Mandokoro yoriudo (officers of the administration office), and they were active as bugyonin of the shogunate along with the Inoo clan and the Sei clan until the Eiroku era (1558-1570).
- 当時は両パートをほとんどユニゾンに合わせるだけであったが、文化 (元号)頃に至って大阪の市浦検校により、元の三味線パートに対して異なった旋律を持つ箏のパートが作られるようになり、合奏効果が高まった。
- At that time, both these instruments were simply performed in unison-like style, but in or around the Bunka era, Ichiura Kengyo, a resident of Osaka, started to add the melody part of the koto, which was different from that of the shamisen, and this enhanced the effect of the ensemble.
- 現地の水がひじょうに硬水だったこと、内地からの米の輸入が不自由だったこと、いまだ安全醸造に至らない貧弱な設備の蔵が多かったこと、既成の日本酒は現地の極寒の気候では凍ってしまうことなどの問題があった。
- There were problems such as the water at that place was very hard, rice wasn't imported from the inland of Japan freely, and many sake breweries had poor facilities in the point of safe brewing, and ready-made sake froze in the cold climate there.
- なお、長慶天皇が弘和3年(永徳3年/1383年)10月に摂津国のある村に出した朝用分免除の綸旨があるが、翌年元中元年(至徳_(日本)元年/1384年)閏9月の同趣旨の命令が院宣の形式で出されている。
- Emperor Chokei issued a Rinji (the Emperor's command) for an exemption of Choyobun for a village in Settsu Province in November of 1383, and in October of 1384 he issued an order of the same effect in the form of an Inzen (a decree from the Retired Emperor).
- また、当初中原氏の養子に入り明法道を学んだ大江広元が鎌倉幕府創設に深く関与し、また『裁判至要抄』の『御成敗式目』への影響が指摘されるなど、明法道と武家法の成立にも少なからず関係があったとされている。
- Also OE no Hiromoto who became an adopted son of Nakahara clan to study Myohodo, was likely to have something to do with the establishment of Myohodo and Bukeho (the low system of samurai society) because he participated deeply in the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu and influenced 'Goseibaishikimoku (the law of samurai regime)' of the legal book 'Saiban Shiyosho. '
- 日本の文永11年・元の至元11年10月(1274年11月)に、忻都、金方慶らに率いられ、モンゴル人・漢人・女真人・高麗人など非戦闘員を含む3万人を乗せた船が朝鮮の月浦(合浦。現在の馬山)を出発した。
- In November 1274, the ships departed from Gappo in the Korean peninsula (now Masan) with 30,000 people on board, including non-soldiers, led by Xin Dou, Kim Bang-gyeong and others, consisting of people of Mongol, Han, Jurchen, and Goryeo.
- 今日、一般的に大峰山(大峯山)といえば山上ヶ岳を指すが、大峯奥駈道でいう「大峯」とは、吉野から山上ヶ岳を経てさらに奥の山々、そして最終的には熊野三山に至る大峰山脈を縦走する修行の道全体を指している。
- Today, generally speaking of Mt. Omine, it refers to Mt. Sanjogatake, however 'Omine' in Omine Okugake-michi refers to the area from Yoshino through Mt. Sanjogatake to the far deeper mountains, and all the paths for asceticism that course longitudinally through the Omine mountains which eventually lead to Kumano Sanzan.
- (『今鏡』) その後も関白らに冷遇され続けながらも、後冷泉天皇が嗣子なくして崩御したため晴れて後三条天皇が即位、禎子内親王も今や国母陽明門院として、かつての上東門院彰子にも劣らぬ影響力を持つに至った。
- ('Imakagami') (The Mirror of the Present) Although the Princess was treated coldly by the Chancellor after that, because Emperor Goreizei died without having any successor to the throne, Emperor Gosanjo was enthroned after him, the Princess Teishi became Kokumo (Empress), Yomeimonin, and then she had strong political influence which was a much stronger power than she had when she was Jotomonin Shoshi.
- 日本の右軍の主力毛利秀元(兵約25000)、加藤清正(兵約10000)、黒田長政(兵約5000)及び軍監太田一吉、竹中重利の五将は兵40000余人を率い8月29日全州を発して北進し9月初旬公州に至る。
- The five main groups of the right army of Japan, consisting of Hidemoto MORI (about 25,000 soldiers), Kiyomasa KATO (about 10,000 soldiers), Nagamasa KURODA (about 5,000 soldiers), Assistant Deputy General Kazuyoshi OTA and Shigetoshi TAKENAKA led about 40,000 soldiers and left Jeonju on October 10; they headed north, reaching Gongju in the middle of October.
- 宮福線 : 福知山駅(起点駅) - 厚中問屋駅 - 荒河かしの木台駅 - 牧駅 - 下天津駅 - 公庄駅 - 大江駅 (京都府) - 大江高校前駅 - 二俣駅 - 大江山口内宮駅 - ・・・至天橋立駅
- Miyafuku Line: Between Fukuchiyama Station (starting station) and Amanohashidate Station through Atsunakatonya Station, Araga Kashinokidai Station, Maki Station, Shimoamazu Station, Gujo Station, Oe Station (Kyoto Prefecture), Oe Kokomae Station, Futamata Station, Oe Yamaguchi Naiku Station, etc.
- 坂上田村麻呂以前の蝦夷などの征討事業にかかわった文室大原、胆沢城・志波城に拠って東北地域の経営に携わり中納言に至った文室綿麻呂、承和の変に連座した参議文室秋津、そして、六歌仙の一人文屋康秀などがいる。
- Of the lineage of the Funya clan were FUNYA no Ohara who was involved with the conquest of Emishi (a group of people who lived in the northeastern region of Japan) before SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro, FUNYA no Watamaro who was engaged in the administration of the Tohoku region (the northeast region of Japan) from his base in Isawa-jo and Shiwa-jo Castles and later appointed Chunagon (Middle Councilor), Sangi (Councilor) FUNYA no Akitsu who was involved with the Jowa Incident, and FUNYA no Yasuhide, one of Rokkasen (the six selected great poets of the Waka [Japanese poem] in the Heian period).
- だが、この頃、室町幕府が足利義満のもとで全盛期を迎えており、至徳 (日本)3年(1386年)には延暦寺以下京都の有力寺社が京都の地域内において私的権力を行使する事が制限された(警察権の幕府への集中)。
- However, the Muromachi bakufu, in its prime under Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, regulated Enryaku-ji Temple and other powerful temples and shrines in Kyoto which exercised their private power within the Kyoto area in 1386 (Concentrating police authority in the bakufu).
- (これにさきだち同年9月11日に「十月十三日是朕生日毎至此辰威慶兼集宜令諸寺僧尼毎年是日転経行道海内諸国竝宜断屠内外百官賜酺宴一日仍名此日為天長節庶使廻斯功徳虔奉先慈以此慶情普被天下」と勅が下された)。
- (Prior to this, an imperial decree was issued on September 11the same year '十月十三日是朕生日毎至此辰威慶兼集宜令諸寺僧尼毎年是日転経行道海内諸国竝宜断屠内外百官賜酺宴一日仍名此日為天長節庶使廻斯功徳虔奉先慈以此慶情普被天下').
- 後三条の子息の白河天皇は、子息堀河天皇・孫鳥羽天皇がいずれも幼少で即位し、父・祖父として後見役となる必要があったことから、次第に権力を掌握するようになり、最終的には専制君主として朝廷に君臨するに至った。
- Emperor Shirakawa, who was the son of Gosanjo, needed to become a conservator for his son, Emperor Horikawa, and his grandson, Emperor Toba, since they both were enthroned in their childhood, gradually came into power, and finally, he came to reign over the Imperial Court as an absolute monarch.
- 武田にとっては善光寺平以北の北信濃から越後国へとつながる要地であり、上杉にとっては千曲川沿いに東に進めば小県・佐久を通って上野・甲斐に至り、そのまま南下すれば中信地方(現在の松本平)に至る要地であった。
- For Takeda, the Kawanakajima area was a strategic place that was connected to Echizen Province via the northern Shinano area in the north of Zenko-ji Temple, and for Uesugi, it was also a strategic place that, when going to east from there would enable reaching Kozuke and Kai via Oagata and Saku, and when going to south from there, would enable reaching the middle-Shinano area (present Matsumotodaira).
- 当初は鯉一匹など簡単な物であったが、室町時代になり武家の経済的政治的優位が確立し、幕府政治の本拠地も公家文化の影響が深い京に移るに至って、料理の品数も増え、料理自体にも派手な工夫が凝らされるようになった。
- At first, it was just a simple dish like carp, however, during the Muromachi period when Samurai dominated the economy and politics, the shogunate moved to the capital where the cultural influence of the court nobles ran deep; not only the number of dishes increased, but more eleaborate ideas were put into the meals.
- 塵芥集や六角氏式目では姦婦の殺害を定め(ただし、寝所で姦夫を討ち取った場合には姦婦の殺害は必要としない)、長宗我部元親百箇条に至っては本夫が姦婦を殺害しない場合には、姦夫・姦妻・本夫全て死刑と定めている。
- Jinkaishu (bunkokuho enforced by Tanemune DATE) and Rokkakushi shikimoku (bunkokuho of the Rokkaku clan) prescribed murder of the adulteress (however, if the adulterer was murdered in the bedroom, it was not required to murder the adulteress), and in an extreme case of Chosokabe Motochika Hyakkajo (bunkokuho by the Chosokabe clan) prescribed that if the husband didn't murder the adulteress, the adulterer, the adulteress and the husband would all be sentenced to death.
- 正徳6年2月18日(1716年4月10日)には納采の儀を済ませるも、そのわずか2ヶ月後の享保元年4月30日(1716年6月19日))に家継が死去したため、史上初の武家への皇女降嫁、関東下向には至らなかった。
- After the ceremony of exchanging betrothal presents was held on April 10, 1716, Ietsugu died just after two months after the ceremony on June 19, 1716, the descending marriage from the Imperial Princess to the Samurai family, the first time in the history, going to Kanto did not happen.
- 冬至と柚子との関連はかならずしも明らかでないが柚子湯の習慣は銭湯の登場以後のことであり、一説に湯治(とうじ)と冬至(とうじ)との語呂合わせで、身体息災であれば融通(ゆうずう)がきくとのこじつけであるという。
- The relation between the winter solstice and yuzu is not necessarily clear, but the practice of yuzuyu appeared after the birth of sento and according to one theory, it is related with the play on words linking '湯治, toji' (hot spring cure) and '冬至, toji' (winter solstice) and the idea that if the body is healthy, it is 'yuzu-ga-kiku' (malleable, adaptable).
- しかし、もはや生き証人としてその技術を心得ている杜氏がいなかったこと、また消費者もうまい寒酒の味に慣れ、酒郷ではよりよい酒質を求めて熾烈な競争をくりひろげていたことなどから、以前のような復活に至らなかった。
- However, it did not revive as before for such reasons as toji who knew its techniques did not exist, consumers were familiar with the good taste of kanshu, and sake breweries of brewing districts competed fiercely in producing better sake.
- また、子供達の関心を呼ぶために他地域の地理や風物・物産などを織り込んだ往来物も作られ、『日本国尽』・『都名所往来』・『浪花往来』・『中仙道往来』、そして明治維新期には『世界風俗往来』まで作成されるに至った。
- Furthermore, oraimono featuring geography, scenery, and produce of other regions were written to interest children, which include 'Nihonkunizukushi,' 'Miyakomeisho Orai' (Correspondence on Sights in Miyako (present-day Kyoto)), 'Naniwa Orai' (Letters On Sights of Naniwa (present-day Osaka)) and 'Nakasendo Orai,' and in the period of the Meiji Restoration, 'Sekaifuzoku Orai' was composed.
- の南鐐二朱銀発行以降、次第に両を基軸とする、分、朱の単位をもつ計数銀貨が増加し始め、1837年の一分銀発行に至って、丁銀のような秤量銀貨を凌駕するようになり、銀貨は小判の通貨体系に組み込まれることになった。
- After the issue of Nanryo Nishu silver coins in 1772, the amount of circulation of denomination silver coins with the unit of ryo (a base unit), bu and shu, began to increase, and in 1837, when Ichibu gin silver coins were issued, these coins came to surpass that of the currencies by weight, such as chogin, so silver coins were incorporated in the currency system of gold coin (koban).
- 「夫婦の儀、愛を以って先と為す。文は既に夕を重ね、情は同じく夜に専らとす。文は既に夕を重ね、情は同じく夜に専らとす。しかのみならず子孫衆多、后妃の至徳なり」という理由により、多子と命名され従三位に叙せられた。
- By the reason`夫婦の儀,愛を以って先と為す.文は既に夕を重ね,情は同じく夜に専らとす.文は既に夕を重ね,情は同じく夜に専らとす.しかのみならず子孫衆多,后妃の至徳なり,' the adopted daughter was named as Masaruko and awarded as jusanmi (Junior Third Rank).
- 二十三夜待ちまでを行う地域が多くを占めたが、二十六夜待ちまで行う地域があり、月光に阿弥陀仏・観音菩薩・勢至菩薩の三尊が現れる(広辞苑より)、という口実を付けて月が昇る(大体、深夜二時ごろ)まで遊興にふけった。
- Most regions would have the moon-waiting until the twenty-third night, but some had it until the twenty-sixth night, and people pursued pleasure until the moon rose (around two o'clock in the morning) on the excuse that three deities--Amida Buddha, Kannon Bodhisattva and Seishi Bodhisattva--would appear in the moonlight (from the Japanese dictionary 'Kojien').
- また、ヨーロッパやロシア、米国は、それぞれの国のエネルギー事情から、数値目標が達成可能かどうかや、経済に与える影響をあらかじめシミュレーションしていたが、日本は6%に対して、裏づけがないまま合意に至っている。
- Also, Europe, Russia and America had simulated previously whether or not the numerical goals could be achieved and the influence on the economy based on the energy situation of each country, but Japan agreed on 6% without deep consideration.
- また、貨幣吹替および飢饉の影響などによる変動はあったものの、米1石(当時の人一人の一年分の米消費量にほぼ相当する)の価格は1両前後であり、元禄年間から幕末の世情不安に至る前まで、ほぼこの前後の水準で推移した。
- Although some fluctuations were seen under the influence of reminting, famine, and others, the price of 1 koku rice (nearly equal to the amount consumed by a person per year) was around 1 ryo from the Genroku era (1688 to 1704) until just before the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate when the Japanese society became unstable.
- 特に公卿にあって内裏の差配を独占した藤原氏は、藤原道長の家系が摂政・関白の座を独占し続けることで摂関家としての地位を獲得し、嫡流の近衛家を筆頭とする、九条家、二条家、一条家、鷹司家の五摂家を形成するに至った。
- The Fujiwara clan, Court nobles who monopolized the management of the dairi (Imperial Palace), assumed the position of the sekkan-ke (family line of regents and chief advisors to the Emperor) by letting the family lines of FUJIWARA no Michinaga monopolize the positions of Sessho (regent) and Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), thus establishing the gosekke (the five sekkan-ke) of the Konoe family, the Kujo family, the Nijo family, the Ichijo family, and the Takatsukasa family led by the Konoe family, the chakuryu of the clan.
- 13代の死後、妻であった浪江は娘・千代子を後継者とするべく家業の継承を決意、14代・利斎となるが、その千代子も昭和36年(1961年)に早世、14代も昭和52年に死去、以後現在に至るまで名跡は空席となっている。
- After the death of the thirteenth generation, his wife Namie deicided to become the fourteenth Risai and have her daughter Chiyoko succeed her in the future, but the daughter died young in 1961, and she also died in 1977, leaving the position vacant to this day.
- ただし、その多くは明治維新が行政制度のみならず教育・産業・金融などを含めた総合的な改革であったという本質への理解には及ばず、形だけの改革や一面だけを捉えた「上からの改革」に終始したため、成功に至った例は少ない。
- However, most of the reforms in other Asian countries were not successful, because they didn't understand that the Meiji Restoration was a comprehensive reform including an administration system, an educational system, industry, and finance, so these reforms were just formal or 'top-down' reforms looking at just one aspect of the Meiji Restoration.
- 以降、三宅派の芸系は、やや遅れて加賀より上京した五世野村万造(初世萬斎)によって受継がれ、名人といわれた野村万蔵 (6世)(人間国宝)、七世野村万蔵(現野村万蔵七世野村万蔵。人間国宝)と相続して現在に至っている。
- Since then, the tradition of the performances of the Miyake ha was inherited by Manzo NOMURA, the fifth (Mansai, the first) who went from Kaga Province to Tokyo a little later, and it was passed down to Manzo NOMURA, the sixth (Living National Treasure) who was recognized as a master actor and then to current Manzo NOMURA, the seventh (Living National Treasure) through time until now.
- 一、冤罪も御免の上は、双方とも誠心を以て相合し、皇国の御為に砕身尽力仕り候事は申すに及ばず、いづれの道にしても、今日より双方皇国の御為め皇威相輝き、御回復に立ち至り候を目途に誠しを尽くして尽力して致すべくとの事なり
- Article 6 : When the false charge is cleared up, both the Satsuma Domain and Choshu Domain are sure to be reconciled sincerely with each other and to do their best for the sake of the Japanese Empire, and regardless of the result of the Satsuma Domain's appeal about the charge, both clans shall make every effort from today with sincerity to revive and extend the imperial authority for the empire's sake.
- 次の応仁2年(1468年)については御暦奏の記録はなく、かつ章首の朔旦冬至が実施された最後のもの(朔旦冬至に御暦奏を行う意義の消滅)であったことから、その前年に発生した応仁の乱の影響で廃絶したものと考えられている。
- Since no record existed of the goryakuso in 1468 and the last sakutan toji was carried out at Shoshu (the merit of carrying out goryakuso at the sakutan toji disappeared), it is thought that goryakuso was abolished due to the Onin War that broke out the previous year.
- これらは宮中の儀式に必要なもので、弯刀(わんとう反りのある刀、狭義の日本刀)時代に入ると、反りが付くようになるなど、若干の変化を加えながら、江戸時代末期から明治、大正、昭和初期に至るまで、少数ではあるが作られ続けた。
- These swords were required in court ceremonies, and after the era of wanto (curved swords, Japanese swords in a strict sense), from the late Edo period through Meiji and Taisho periods to the early Showa period, they were created with slight changes added over the course, although much decreased in number.
- 江戸時代の人海戦術と社会制度による資源還元にまでは、至っていないが、「もったいない」や「里山・鎮守の森」のように、九十九神や妖怪は自然保護を含めたものとして、日本はもとより世界に発信されるべき観念や価値観ともいえる。
- Although the level of recycling of resources does not reach the level of the Edo period, when the bakufu encouraged recycling through human-wave tactics and the social system, Tsukumogami or apparitions are the notion or the sense of values of nature conservation which Japan should send to the world, as with 'mottainai' (wasteful) and 'satoyama/chinju no mori' (outskirts of country/sacred shrine forest).
- その筆致は同書に依拠して書かれた『永享記』(『結城戦場記』)と比べると足利持氏を擁護する傾向にあるが、永享の乱の根本的原因は『永享記』と同じく持氏側に求め、乱に至らしめた持氏の行動を「天魔の所行」と強く非難している。
- The writing is sympathetic to Mochiuji ASHIKAGA compared with the 'Eikyo ki' (Yuji Battle Record), written based on the Kamakura Mochiuji ki, but like the Eikyo ki, it finds Mochiuji guilty of causing the Eikyo Rebellion and strongly criticizes Mochiuji's actions that led to the Rebellion as 'the acts of a devil'.
- その後、院政期に入ると朔旦冬至の年に官務と局務に各3部ずつ、記録所に1部を進上することが慣例化された(大治 (日本)元年藤原宗忠『中右記』・永仁5年賀茂定清『永仁五年朔旦冬至記』・明徳3年中原師豊『大外記師豊記』)。
- Later, when insei period started, people made it rule to present three copies of the calendar to kanmu and kyokumu and one copy to kirokujo in the year of sakutan toji (according to 'Chuyuki' by FUJIWARA no Munetada in 1126, 'Einin gonen sakutan tojiki' by Kamo no Sadakiyo in 1297 and 'Daigeki morotoyoki' by Morotoyo NAKAHARA in 1392).
- 1960年代までは、新成人は半数以上が既に社会に出ている勤労青少年だったが、1970年代以降、大学進学者(進学率)の増加や中卒・高卒就職者の減少から、新成人全体に占める在学者の割合も年々増加しており、現在に至っている。
- Although until 1960s, more than half of the new adults were working youths who had already entered the business world, in and after 1970s, the proportion of students to the total number new adults has been increasing even now due to an increase in the number of people going to university (university advancement rate) and decrease in the number of people finding work after finishing junior high school or high school.
- 武士は当初、「侍」に象徴されるように天皇・貴族の警護や紛争の鎮圧を任とする階層であったが、平清盛の平氏政権を経て鎌倉幕府の成立に至り、旧来の支配権力である朝廷・国司・荘園に対して全国の軍事・警察を担う公権力に発展した。
- Bushi were firstly in the class which guarded the Emperor and aristocrats and suppressed the conflicts as symbolized in 'samurai,' but when the Kamakura bakufu was established through the Taira clan government by TAIRA no Kiyomori, bushi developed into the official authority which were in charge of military affairs and police activities against the Imperial Court, kokushi (provincial governors) and shoen which were traditionally ruling powers.
- また、『日本書紀』神功皇后 47 年 4 月の条に「百濟記に職麻那那加比跪(ちくまなながひこ)と云へるは、蓋し是か」、同 62 年の条に「百濟記に云はく......貴國沙至比跪(さちひこ)を遣はして之を討たしむ」とある。
- The article dated May 247 in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) states that 'Chikumanagahiko seen in Records of Paekche exactly refers to this,' and the article dated 262 tells that 'according to Records of Paekche, Sachihiko was sent to defeat this.'
- (至四条大宮駅)←西院駅- 西大路三条駅 - 山ノ内駅 (京都府) -嵐電天神川駅 - 蚕ノ社駅 - 太秦広隆寺駅 - 帷子ノ辻駅 - 有栖川駅 - 車折神社駅 - 鹿王院駅 - 嵐電嵯峨駅 - 嵐山駅 (京福電気鉄道)
- (to/from Shijo-Omiya Station) - Saiin Station - Nishioji Sanjo Station - Yamanouchi Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Randen Tenjingawa Station - Kaikonoyashiro Station - Uzumasa Koryuji Station - Katabiranotsuji - Arisugawa Station - Kurumazakijinja Station - Rokuoin Station - Randen Saga Station - Arashiyama Station (Keifuku Electric Railroad Co., Ltd.)
- 先に足利義教が暗殺された嘉吉の変では、管領らが協議して直ちに後継将軍が定められたが、永禄の変以前の永禄6年(1563年)に管領細川氏綱が死去して以後、管領は置かれておらず、将軍の死により幕府機能は事実上停止するに至った。
- In the Kakitsu Incident in which Yoshinori ASHIKAGA was assassinated, his deputy and other officials held consultations and immediately selected the succeeding Shogun, but, since Deputy Ujitsuna HOSOKAWA had died in 1563 before the Eiroku Incident, the position of deputy was unfilled, allowing the functions of the Bakufu to be virtually halted by the Shogun's death.
- 戦争による格差の拡大、新聞社に対する言論の弾圧などの問題を孕んだこの騒動は9月21日、寺内内閣の総辞職をもって一応の収まりを見せ「平民宰相」と呼ばれた原敬による日本で初めての本格的な政党内閣が9月27日組織されるに至った。
- The riots that were also linked to the widening divide in wealth caused by wars and suppression of free speech against newspapers subsided to some extent with the mass resignation of the TERAUCHI cabinet on September 21, paving the way for the inauguration of the first full-fledged party cabinet under Takashi HARA, who was called 'the commoner Prime Minister,' on September 27 of the same year.
- 「川端画学校」は明治42年に東京小石川に設立された私立の画塾ではあるが、大正2年に創設者の川端玉章が逝去したのちも、芸術にあこがれる若者を各地から集めて、大東亜戦争さなかの廃校に至るまで、画家のみならず多くの才能を輩出した。
- The Kawabata Art School (Kawabata ga gakko), a private art school established in Koishikawa, Tokyo in 1909, gathered young people who admired art from all over Japan even after the death of the founder Gyokusho KAWABATA in 1913, and turned out many talented people as well as painters until its abolishment during the Greater East Asia War.
- 京おどりは1950年(昭和25年)に初演され、1954年(昭和29年)から1968年(昭和43年)の時期は阪急電鉄京都線河原町延長工事のため南座で上演され、1969年(昭和44年)から新装された歌舞練場にもどり、現在に至る。
- Kyo Odori was played for the first time in 1950, and it was played in Minami-za Theater between 1954 and 1968 due to extension work of Kawaramachi of Hankyu Railway Kyoto Line, and then went back to the renovated Kabu-renjo Theater from 1969 to the present.
- この説を採用した観光協会等において、外国人に対し神輿を"Portable Shrine"(持ち運び可能な神社)との説明がされるようになり、"Mikoshi"の英訳として一般化するに至っている。
- Adopting the foregoing argument, some tourist agencies explained mikoshi as a 'Portable Shrine' which has become generally accepted as an English translation for 'Mikoshi.'
- しかも、それは半ば理想的な数字で、天慶4年の御暦奏には天皇の出御もない上に11巻しか奏進されず、正暦4年の御暦奏に至っては朔旦冬至にも関わらず、遂に頒暦の奏進が0巻で櫃の入場がないという事態となった(いずれも『本朝世紀』)。
- But this was a quasi-ideal number and in fact, in the goryakuso in 941, the emperor was not present and only eleven copies of the calendar were presented, and in the goryakuso during 993, Sakutantoji was not celebrated, no copies of the calendar was presented to the emperor and no chest arrived at the court (each according to 'Honcho seiki').
- 1279年(日本の弘安二年・元の至元十六年)、元は江南軍司令官である南宋の旧臣范文虎の進言により、使者が殺されたことを知らないまま周福を正使とする使者を再度送ったが、大宰府にて全員斬首に処される(総計、5名という説が有力)。
- In 1279, without knowing the execution of the envoys, the Yuan Dynasty sent envoys again with Shufuku as their chief, in accordance with a proposal by Wen-hu FAN, who was the chief commander of the Southern Yangtze Army and used to be a vassal of the Southern Sung Dynasty, but all the envoys were executed in Dazai-fu (five in total according to the most accepted theory).
- アルギン酸やフコイダンなどの水溶性食物繊維に由来するぬめり成分やミネラル、エイコサペンタエン酸などの不飽和脂肪酸を葉状部よりも多く含むため、健康食品として摂取されることもあるが、必ずしも十分な医学的根拠を得るには至っていない。
- Because mekabu seaweed contains richer viscous components derived from soluble fibers such as alginic acid and fucoidan as well as minerals and unsaturated fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid than wakame fronds, it is occasionally consumed as health food but its medical values has yet to be adequately substantiated to date.
- そこで幕府は銭相場の下落を防止するため、天保13年8月に御用相場として一両=6500文の触書を出し、しばらくは一両=6000~7000文程度で落ち着いたが、幕末期の大量発行に至り慶應年間にはついに一両=10000文を突破した。
- Therefore, in order to prevent the downfall of the exchange rate of the sen (a unit of currency), the rate was officially fixed as 6,500 mon per ryo by the furegaki (bakufu orders) announced by the Edo bakufu in September 1842 to be stayed around 6,000 to 7,000 per ryo for a while, however, after the mass production in the end of the Edo period, it finally went over 10,000 mon per ryo in Keio era (1865 to 1868).
- 京畿道まで進出した日本軍は、冬の訪れを前にして寒冷期の漢江渡河の困難さを鑑み、慶尚道から全羅道の沿岸部へ撤収し、文禄の役の際に築かれた城郭群域の外縁部(東は蔚山から西は順天市に至る範囲)に新たな城郭群を築いて久留の計を目指した。
- Before winter, taking into consideration the difficulty of crossing Han-gang during the cold season, the Japanese army, which advanced to Gyeonggi Province, retreated from Gyeongsang Province to the coastal area of Jeolla Province and tried to build a permanent camp by constructing a number of new castles on the outer border of the area of castles constructed during Bunroku war (ranging from Ulsan in the east to Suncheon-si in the west).
- 弘仁13年(822年)に橘常主(奈良麻呂孫)が約70年ぶりの橘氏公卿となり、さらに嘉智子出生の皇子が仁明天皇として即位すると、嘉智子の兄橘氏公が外戚として目覚ましい昇進をとげ、承和 (日本)11年(844年)には右大臣に至った。
- In 822, when TACHIBANA no Tsunenushi (Naramaro's grandson) was appointed Kugyo out of the Tachibana clan for the first time in 70 years, and subsequently, an imperial prince born was from Kachiko ascended to the Imperial throne as the Emperor Ninmyo, Kachiko's older brother, TACHIBANA no Ujikimi achieved a remarkable promotion as her maternal relative, and in 844, he ascended through the ranks to become Udaijin (Minister of the Right).
- 武徳会が政府の外郭団体として再出発する際に再度射型改善の声が上がり、昭和19年(1944年)に「弓道教範制定委員会」の手によって「弓道教範」が作成され、、「弓道要則」の射法と、従来の正面・斜面の射法を併せて認めるに至り終戦を迎える。
- When the Butoku-kai was reorganized as an affiliate company of government, the idea to improve the shooting style was proposed again, so that in 1944 'Kyudo-Kyohan (teaching method of Kyudo)' was edited by 'Kyudo-Kyohan Seitei Iinkai (committee to establish Kyudo-Kyohan),' in which both of the shooting style of 'Kyudo-yosoku' and the existing shooting style of front and skew were admitted before the end of the World War II.
- ユガケは和弓の登場時から親指に弦を掛け弓を引く「蒙古式(右図Fig.3)」の取り掛けをする日本の射法に合わせて独自に発展した道具であり、時代毎の流派や射術、弓射のあり方の変遷に伴いユガケもその時代毎に改良が重ねられ、現在の形に至る。
- Yugake is the gear which uniquely developed with Japanese way of shooting that had applied the way of setting of 'Menggu' (Mongol) style (right figure. 3) where a bow was drawn with a thumb since Japanese bow appeared and improved repeatedly with the changes of schools in successive periods, shajutsu (technique to shoot a bow) or yumiire(or kyusha, ceremonial shooting) and have become a present form.
- 従来、この「沙至比跪」と襲津彦を同一人とし、『書紀』紀年を修正して干支2運繰り下げて、壬午年を382年と解釈すると、襲津彦は4世紀末に実在した人物であり、朝鮮から俘虜を連れ帰った武将として伝承化されている可能性などが指摘されてきた。
- If we assume that there was a time lag of 2 uns (120 years; 1 un is equivalent to 60 years) of kanshi (Chinese calendrical system) in the year recorded in 'Nihonshoki' and consider Sotsuhiko as the same person as 'Hisachiku,' there is a possibility that Sotsuhiko was a legendized man who existed in the 4th century and was sent to Korea around 382 and brought some prisoners from the war.
- この半済令の対象地は兵粮料所と呼ばれて当初は激戦地の8ヶ国に限定されていたが、南朝 (日本)側がこれに対抗して朝用分制度を導入したこともあって次第に広がりを見せて全国的な半済へと至り、兵粮料所は事実上守護領に編入されることとなった。
- The territory to which this Hanzeirei applied, or in other words the territory called hyoro-ryosho, was initially limited to the eight provinces involved in the fiercest fighting, but the Southen Court, to counter this move, introduced their own system of separating out a portion of rice for use by the court and its adherents, so that Hanzeirei gradually spread until it eventually covered the entire country, until the hyoro-ryosho were in actuality absorbed into the territories of each shugo.
- 長州藩士との接触が多かった諸大夫の粟津義風は、彼らに便宜を図っていた容疑で慶応2年(1866年)に至るまで京都町奉行所に逮捕・投獄され、熾仁親王自身も孝明天皇の怒りを買い、幟仁親王とともに国事御用掛を解任され、謹慎・蟄居を申し渡された。
- The Shodaibu (Samurai who receiving higher than the Fourth or Fifth Court Rank), 粟津義風, who had often dealt with the Choshu Domain, were arrested and sent to the Kyoto City Magistrate's office being suspected of doing favors for the Choshu Domain until 1866, Emperor Komei was furious about Prince Taruhito under these circumstances, the Prince lost his position as a general affairs official of the Imperial Household in charge of State affairs, and both Prince Taruhito and Takahito were ordered to refrain from making public appearances and were placed in confinement at home.
- 俊房は伯母隆姫女王が藤原頼通の正妻、母は頼通の異母妹藤原尊子という「摂関家よりの人物」であり、これを知った弟の東宮尊仁親王(後の後三条天皇)は怒り狂ったが、俊房が摂関家の縁者であることもあり、除位などの具体的な処罰までには至らなかった。
- Since Toshifusa's aunt, Princess Takahime was FUJIWARA no Yorimichi's wife and his mother was Yorimichi's half younger sister, FUJIWARA no Takako (Sonshi), and Toshifusa was a person who was on 'Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) side', so his younger brother, Crown Prince Takahito (later Emperor Gosanjo) was furious after knowing about the above incident, but Imperial Princess Kenshi did not receive any practical punishment to lose her official position since Toshifusa was the relative of Sekkan-ke.
- 伊能は文化15年(1818年)に完成を待たずに死去するが、その喪は伏せられ、師・高橋至時の子である高橋景保(1785年 - 1829年)が仕上げ作業を監督し、文政4年7月10日 (旧暦)(1821年8月7日)「大日本沿海輿地全図」が完成。
- INO passed away in 1818 before the map was completed, but his death was hidden and Kageyasu TAKAHASHI (1785 - 1829), a son of his master Yoshitoki TAKAHASHI, led the finishing operation until 'Dainihon Enkaiyochi Zenzu' was completed on August 7, 1821.
- 現在、能楽と呼ばれる芸能は、室町時代に観阿弥、世阿弥、音阿弥、金春禅竹らによって大成され、織豊期に観世座、宝生座、金春座、金剛座のいわゆる大和四座が、専ら猿楽を上演する芸能集団として、黒川能などの例外を除くと寡占的な地位を占めるに至った。
- The performing art now known as nogaku was established during the Muromachi period by Kanami, Zeami, Onami and Zenchiku KONPARU, and during the Shokuho period, the so-called Yamato-yoza, consisting of Kanze-za, Hosyo-za, Konparu-za and Kongo-za, held a dominant position as a performing group which specialized in sarugaku (comical mimicry and speech performance), except for Kurokawa Noh.
- これは守隆が生前に五男の久隆を溺愛して嫡男に選んでしまったのが原因であるが、結果として御家騒動の結果、久隆は摂津国三田藩へ移封され、隆季は綾部にそれぞれ移封され、ここに九鬼氏は嘉隆以来の故郷である志摩国鳥羽藩の地を失うに至ったのであった。
- The dispute took place because Moritaka had doted on Hisataka, the fifth son and chosen him as his heir, and the result was the transfer of Hisataka to the Sanda Domain in Settsu Province and of Takasue to the Ayabe Domain, leading to the loss of the Toba Domain in Shima Province, which had been the hometown of the Kuki clan since the era of Yoshitaka.
- しかし後述のように、天皇の詔として仏教思想を全国に広げることを意図して始められた行事であったが、いつの時代も人として、生を終えた後の世界への関心の高いことは同じであり、いつの間にか生を終えていった祖先を供養する行事として定着するに至った。
- Although Higan was begun with the intent to spread Buddhism throughout the country by Imperial order, it was gradually became for the repose of ancestors since people regardless of age are interested in the other world.
- 明治維新後、鷹狩は大名特権から自由化され、明治25年の「狩猟規則」及び明治28年の「狩猟法」で9年間免許制の下に置かれたが、明治34年の改正「狩猟法」以後、狩猟対象鳥獣種・数と狩猟期間・場所の一般規制のみを受ける自由猟法として今日に至る。
- After Meiji Restoration, Taka-gari was liberalized from the privilege of daimyo and came under control of a licensing system for nine years by 'Shuryo-kisoku (game law)' in 1892 and 'Shuryo-ho (Game Act)' in 1895, and after a revision of 'Shuryo-ho' 1901, Taka-gari has been liberalized except for the kinds and numbers of birds for hunting and the time and place for it.
- また、『政事要略』巻30に採録された『宇多天皇御記』仁和4年6月2日条には天皇が以前「卿従前代猶摂政焉、至朕身親如父子、宜摂政耳」と基経に伝えたことに対して基経が「謹奉命旨必能奉」と解答しているのに裏切られたと憤慨する記述が残されている。
- According to the description of June 2, 886 in 'Uda Tenno Gyoki' compiled in volume 30 of 'Seiji Yoryaku,' the Emperor was disappointed and got angry with Mototsune because when the Emperor asked Mototsune by saying 'you have served as acting Sessho so far, but please assume the position of Sessho since we are like father and son,' Mototsune replied by saying 'I was told your order.'
- また、千鳥の曲は吉沢検校の作品群の中において、華やかな「京流手事もの(19世紀初頭から後半にかけて京都の盲人音楽家たちによって作曲された手事ものの地歌曲群)」的作品から、簡潔、古雅な美の「古今組」「新古今組」に至る過渡期に位置する曲である。
- Among Yoshizawa Kengyo's works, Chidori no Kyoku is positioned in a period of transiting glamorous works like 'Kyoto-style tegotomono music' (jiuta songs of tegotomono composed by blind musicians in Kyoto from the beginning to the end of the 19th century) to 'Kokin-gumi' and 'Shinkokin-gumi' of the simple and traditional aesthetic.
- 当時の首都東京では江戸時代の大名屋敷とそれに付随する庭園が次々と壊され、この現状を目の前にして小沢圭次郎は職務の余暇として古い庭園の記録と資料収集を行っており、退職してからはさらに庭園研究に励み、1915(大正4)年『明治庭園記』を発表するに至る。
- In the capital at the time, Tokyo, many daimyo-residences and attached gardens were destroyed one after another, and Keijiro OZAWA seeing this, collected records and data of these old gardens in his spare time outside his duties, and after his retirement, he researched these teiens and published Meiji Teien-ki (A Record of Gardens during the Meiji period) in 1915.
- 威仁親王は生来体が弱く、艦長時代も度々休職して静養するなどしていたが、栽仁王の薨去後はそのショックもあって体調が悪化し、明治42年(1909年)から薨去に至るまで、現在の兵庫県神戸市垂水区にあった有栖川宮家の舞子別邸で家族を東京に残して静養を行った。
- Imperial Prince Takehito was born weak, he had to take time off for rest while he was a Captain, after Prince Tanehito died, his health got worse as he was shocked by the Prince's death, he rested in Arisugawa no Miya family's villa in Maiko located presently in Tarumi Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture from 1909 to his death, leaving his family behind in Tokyo.
- 誰が開発領主となったのかと言えば、その領域そのものの法的所有、または国衙による開発の承認が重要なテコとなったため、自ら国衙の在庁官人となったか、あるいは国司と結びついた、留住から土着へと至った軍事貴族や前司の子弟など王臣子孫、そして一部の土豪だろう。
- Since legal ownership or a permit by Kokuga was required to cultivate a domain, they became the Zaichokanjin of Kokuga, or were military aristocrats that shifted from ryuju (the place they stayed) to dwellers, children of former governors, descendants of imperial families and nobles, and a few local clans connected to governors, in order to become the kaihatsu-ryoshu.
- 宗良親王(むねよししんのう/むねながしんのう、1311年(応長元年) - 1385年9月14日(元中2年/至徳2年8月10日)?)は、南北朝時代・室町時代の皇族で後醍醐天皇の皇子で、信濃の宮や大草の宮・幸坂の宮(庇護者となった香坂氏に由来)と呼ばれた。
- Imperial prince Muneyoshi/Munenaga (1311 - September 14, 1385) was an Imperial family member during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, and was Emperor Godaigo's Prince, who was called Shinanonomiya, Okusanomiya, Kosakanomiya (originating from the Kosaka clan who became the protector).
- このことは予期せぬ野火に至る恐れがあったり、農家の減少で藁が十分に集められない、若者がサラリーマン化して日程の都合がつかないな、ダムの建設で山間部を離れる、過疎化や近代化など多くの古来からのそれぞれの地域の慣習や行事が消えて行く事と共通するものがある。
- The reasons for this, which have also caused many other time-honored customs and events to disappear, include: concern about unexpected bush fire, lack of straw caused by a decrease in the farming population, changing life style of young men who are busy as office workers, construction of dams which drive villagers out of mountainous regions, depopulation and modernization.
- いっぽう、地歌と共に三曲のひとつであり、やはり盲人音楽家たちが専門としてきた箏曲は、江戸初期の発展とは裏腹に中期になると停滞してしまい、むしろ独自に発展するのではなく、地歌の肩を借り、地歌三味線曲に付随し合奏するという形で、後期に至るまで発展してきた。
- On the other hand, the development of koto music, one of sankyoku along with jiuta specialized by the blind musicians, was sluggish in the middle of Edo period unlike its prosperity in the beginning of Edo period, and kept growing until the end of Edo period in the form of accompanying jiuta shamisen music without seeking an independent development.
- 後者の場合、御膳酒は藩造酒(はんぞうしゅ)の最高級品であったが、藩造酒じたいの醸造技術が拙く、数々の努力にもかかわらずついに他国に通用するに至らなかった藩もあるので、そのような場合、藩主は藩の財政改善のため、味覚的に多少の我慢をして飲んでいたことになる。
- In the latter case, although the gozenshu was supposed to be the top quality sake brewed by the clan, some clans had poor brewing techniques despite many efforts, and could not sell their gozenshu to other domains; in such case, the lord was drinking it with some tolerance in terms of the taste, so as to improve the finances of his domain.
- 表は大きく分けると、天皇の元服、立后、立太子や朔旦冬至などの慶事に奉られる賀表(がひょう)、天皇から皇親への譲位や封戸・随身などの特権など天皇から賜る恩恵を辞退する際に奉られる抗表(こうひょう)、官職辞任・致仕する際に奉られる辞表(じひょう)の3種類があった。
- There were three major different types of Hyo: Gahyo (handed at celebratory occasions such as Emperor's Genpuku [coming of age], investitures of the Empress or the Crown Prince and Sakutan Toji [celebration when the winter solstice falls on November 1 of the lunar calendar. Once in 19 years, this is an auspicious day and has been celebrated at the court]), Kohyo (handed when the Emperor's family members wished to decline the Emperor's offer of abdication of the throne or people to decline the offers of privileges such as Fuko [salary] or Zuishin [having bodyguards]) and Jihyo (handed when people wished to resign or leave their government posts).
- 野戦隊形における集中射撃法が実用化されたのはヨーロッパにおいてであり、最も初期のものはテルシオと呼ばれる、長槍(パイク)の密集方陣の進撃に際して四周に随伴した銃兵が相手方の方陣と至近距離まで接近し、接触寸前になった時点で発砲して第一次打撃を期待するものである。
- It was in Europe that the concentrated shooting method in open battle formation was turned into actual utilization and the earliest called tercio (Spanish square), where, against the advancement of a close-packed formation of pikes, fusiliers accompanying in four directions approach to the formation of the enemies at close range and just before contact, they firstly shoot and expect the first impact blow.
- だが、検注帳作成に必要な紙代をはじめとして勘料と呼ばれる検注にかかった事務経費や検注使を在地に迎えた際に行われる三日厨などの経費は全て在地の負担とされたために検注を忌避する動きも強かったため、実際に検注を行い検注帳作成に至らなかった場合もあったと言われている。
- However, it is said that there were some cases where although the kenchu was carried out, the kenchucho was not carried out due to the fact that the administration costs called kenryo including the cost of paper used to make kenchucho, as well as the cost of the mikkakuriya (three-day banquet) which was held when they received kenchushi in their land, was all defrayed by the local administration.
- また、1870年代半ばより中国を中心として東南アジアやインドに至るアジア各地への輸出が始まり、特に東京銀座に秋葉商店を構えた秋葉大助はほろや泥除けのある現在見るような人力車を考案し、性能を高め贅を凝らした装飾的な人力車を制作し、その多くを輸出して大きな富を得た。
- In addition, from the mid-1870s, jinrikisha began to be exported to various Asian countries, ranging from Southeast Asia, centered on China, to India; in particular, Daisuke AKIBA, who opened a shop called Akiba Store in Ginza, Tokyo, invented the current version of the jinrikisha with a covered top and mud flaps, producing decorative jinrikisha with high performance and a sumptuous appearance and making huge profits by exporting most of them.
- 吉左衛門を「家長様」と呼んでいた事に象徴されるように、上は総理事から下は一般社員までに至る吉左衛門に対する敬愛の念はすこぶる高く、歴代吉左衛門もまた、一方では文化事業を通じて住友の名を高め、他方では家長・財閥本社社長として企業モラルの引き締めの任に当たっていた。
- As symbolized by the fact that Kichizaemon was called 'Kacho-sama,' extremely high respect was accorded to the Kichizaemon, from the high-ranking position of head of the directors down to the rank and file, and the successive Kichizaemon elevated the Sumitomo name through the cultural enterprise on one hand while on the other hand trying to raise the corporate morale as the family head and president of the Zaibatsu main company.
- 日本におけるどぶろく作りの歴史は米作とほぼ同起源であると云われるが、明治時代においては政府の主要な税収源であった酒造税(1940年以後、酒税)の収入を減らす要因であるとして、農家などで自家生産・自家消費されていたどぶろく作りが酒税法により禁止され、現在に至っている。
- It is said that in Japan, the origin of the history of Doburoku production is almost the same as that of rice production, but the production of Doburoku, which used to be made in farm houses, etc. for personal consumption, was forbidden by the Liquor Tax Act as a factor for reducing brewery tax (liquor tax before 1940) revenues, which were major tax revenues for the government in the Meiji period and is still forbidden to the present date.
- 朱子学では「理」(万物の法則であり、根拠、規範。「然る所以の故であり、且つ当に然るべき則」)はあらゆるものにあるとし(「一木一草みな理あり」)、そうした理について読書など学問することにより理解を深めた後に「性」(個々に内在する理、五常五倫)へと至ることができるとした。
- In Shushigaku, it is considered that 'ri (理)' (the law of everything, basis or standard for all things, 'it exists because it should be, and thus this is the law that should be so') exists in everything ('there is ri in each tree and each blade of grass'), and that people can reach 'sei (性)' (the 'ri' existing in each individual, the five constant relations and the five cardinal virtues of Confucianism) when they deeply understand 'ri' through study including reading about it.
- 例えば、明治元年8月の「奥羽士民に対する告諭」は御誓文の第一条を元に「広く会議を興し万機公論に決するは素より天下の事一人の私する所にあらざればなり」と述べ、同年10月の「京都府下人民告諭大意」は第三条を元に「上下心を一にし、末々に至るまで各其志を遂げさせ」と述べている。
- For example, in August 1868, 'official notice to shimin (warrior and ordinary people) of Ou region stated 'All affairs of State shall be referred to public opinion through general conferences because affairs of state shall not belong to a single person' based on the first article of Charter Oath, in October of the same year, 'an outline of official notice to residents in Kyoto Prefecture stated 'The government and the people shall act in harmony to accomplish one's aspiration' based on the third article of Charter Oath.
- 特に小藩の大名陣屋では、園部城や菰野陣屋(三重県菰野町)のように幕末(明治元年)に至って天守に見立てた櫓や水堀、低い石垣や土塁を築いたり、森陣屋(大分県玖珠町)のように隣接する神社境内に石垣を多用したり、天守に見立てた2階建ての茶屋を建てるなど、城郭を模したものもあった。
- Especially the daimyo jinya of small domains were built in imitation of a castle, for example Sonobe-jo Castle and Komono Jinya (Komono-cho, Mie Prefecture) were constructed towards the end of the Edo period (1868) with a turret likened to a tenshu (main keep or tower of a castle), a mizubori (water-filled moat), low stone walls, and dorui (earthworks), and also Mori Jinya (Kusu Town, Oita Prefecture) had many stone walls in the adjacent shrine and a two-storied chaya (tea house) which was likened to a tenshu.
- 丹後天橋立大江山国定公園(たんごあまのはしだておおえやまこくていこうえん)は、京都府京丹後市から京都府舞鶴市の由良川河口右岸に至る「丹後半島海岸地区」及び、丹後半島内陸部の「世屋高原地区」、福知山市の旧大江町地域を中心とした「大江山連峰地区」の3地区で構成された国定公園。
- The Tango-Amanohashidate-Oeyama Quasi-National Park consists of the three areas of 'the seashore area of the Tango peninsula,' which covers the area from Kyotango City of Kyoto Prefecture to the right-side shore of the estuary of Yura-gawa River in Maizuru City, of 'the Seya highland area,' an inland area of the Tango peninsula, and of 'the Oe-yama mountain range area' centered on the former Oe-cho area of Fukuchiyama City.
- ここに至って近衛基熙や江戸幕府は、霊元天皇による四宮擁立の真意が皇子可愛さだけではなく、院政を開始して摂家や幕府の干渉を排して思いのままの政治を行うための長期計画の一環であり、すぐに成人を迎えてしまう年長の一宮に皇位を譲る事が不都合であったからであった事に気付くのである。
- This development made Motohiro KONOE and the Bakufu in Edo realize that the true motive underlying Emperor Reigen's insistence on succession by Shinomiya had not only been love of his own son but part of his long-cherished scheme to assume the virtual reins of the court as retired emperor and exercising ruling authority without allowing interference by the Sekkanke or the Bakufu, to whom handing over the imperial throne to the older Ichinomiya, who would soon become of age, would have been a disadvantage.
- 終焉場所についても、1550年(天文 (元号)19年)に作成された京都醍醐寺所蔵の「大草の宮の御哥」と題された古文書の記述から、長らく拠点であった信濃国大河原で没したとの説が有力とされるが、南朝紹運録には1385年(元中2年/至徳2年)に遠江国井伊城で没したと記されている。
- According to an old document titled 'Okusano miya no outa' that was completed in 1550 and kept in Daigo-ji Temple, Kyoto, there was a plausible theory that he died at his long-time base in Okawara, Shinano Province; according to the Nanchojounroku (records handed down since the Southern Court of Japan), however, he died in Ii-jo Castle, Totomi Province, in 1385,.
- ただし、その支配は荘園公領制の範疇におけるものであり、他の権門との協調を掲げる鎌倉幕府の所領よりも地方にある御家人の所領の方が武士による所領の独占的支配の傾向が早く出現するものの、この時代には上級の所職を占める公家・寺社や現地の国衙からの影響力を完全に排除するには至らなかった。
- The rule of the gokenin remained subject to the shoen koryosei system; therefore, although samurai's monopolistic control of the shoryo was liable to appear earlier in the local shoryo of the gokenin than the shoryo of the Kamakura bakufu, which stated the policy of having gokenin in harmony with the other powerful houses, influences of the court nobles, temples, and shrines, which occupied higher various shiki, and the local kokuga cannot be completely removed during this period.
- しかし、その妻総心尼(忠政の次男水野信元の娘、家康の従兄弟にあたる)は、中山光勝(五郎左衛門、父は岩滑城主中山勝時)の養子であり、総心尼の妹(名前は明らかではない)の実子である新七郎を養子として迎え、同家を再興し、新七郎は水野保雅を名乗り、彼とその子孫は尾張藩に仕えて幕末に至った。
- His wife, Soshin-ni (a daughter of Tadamasa's second son Nobumoto MIZUNO, and Ieyasu's cousin), an adopted daughter of Mitsukatsu (Gorozaemon) NAKAYAMA (a son of the lord of Yanabe-jo Castle, Katsutoki NAKAYAMA), revived her husband's family line by adopting Shinshichiro, the biological son of her younger sister (her name is uncertain), who used the name Yasumasa MIZUNO; he and his descendants served in the Owari Domain until the end of the Edo period.
- 遣唐使船は、大阪住吉区の住吉大社で海上安全の祈願を行い、海の神の「住吉大神」を船の舳先に祀り、住吉津(大阪市住吉区)から出発し、住吉の細江(現・細江川。通称・細井川。細井川駅)から大阪湾に出、難波津(大阪市中央区 (大阪市))に立ち寄り、瀬戸内海を経て那の津(福岡県福岡市)に至る。
- People used to pray in Sumiyoshi-taisha Shrine in Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka, for safety of the ships for mission to Tang China, and put 'Sumiyoshi-Daijin,' the alter of the god of the sea, on the bow of the ships; they left Suminoe no tsu (Suminoe Port) (Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka City) and entered the Osaka gulf from Hosoe in Sumiyoshi (current Hosoe-gawa River, commonly called as Hosoi-gawa River; Hosoigawa Station), stopped over in Naniwa no tsu (Naniwa Port) (Chuo Ward, Osaka City) and arrived at Nanotsu (Fukuoka City in Fukuoka Prefecture) via Seto Island Sea.
- 京都・東山花灯路(きょうと・ひがしやまはなとうろ)は、3月中旬に京都の東山 (京都府)山麓の青蓮院から清水寺に至る約4.6キロの小路に京都の伝統工芸である清水焼、北山杉、京銘竹、石工、金属などで作られた約2400基の行灯を点し、夜の散策を楽しむ趣向の、早春を告げる観光イベントである。
- Kyoto Higashiyama Hana Toro refers to a touristic event to herald the arrival of early spring in the middle of March, that about 2400 lanterns, which are made by Kiyomizu ceramics (traditional handicrafts in Kyoto), Kitayamasugi round cedar wood, Kyomei bamboo, stone art and metal art, are lit on the narrow path for about 4.6 km from Shoren-in Temple to Kiyomizu-dera Temple at the foot of Higashiyama mountain range of Kyoto to enjoy an evening walk.
- 本領を発揮した舞踊では、記録映画に残された『遅櫻手爾葉七文字』(越後獅子)のほか、『大和い手向五字』(子守)、『六歌仙容彩・喜撰』、『神楽諷雲井曲毬』(どんつく)、『傀儡師 (舞踊)』、『再春菘種蒔』(舌出し三番)、『深山櫻及兼樹振』(保名)、『三つ面子守』、その他多数に至芸を見せた。
- In addition to 'Osozakura Teniha no Nanamoji' ('Echigo-Jishi'), which can be seen as a documentary film, buyo dances that perfectly demonstrated his specialty included 'Yamato Gana Tamuke no Itsumoji' ('Komori'), the 'Kisen' dance of 'Rokkasen Sugata no Irodori,' 'Kagurauta Kumoi no Kyokumari' ('Dontsuku'), 'Kairaishi' (buyo), 'Mata Kuru Haru Suzuna no Tanemaki' ('Shitadashi Sanba'), 'Miyama no Hana to Dokanu Edaburi' ('Yasuna') and 'Mitsumen Komori,' among many other productions.
- 16世紀に入ると、戦国の動乱の中で、本願寺教団は零細な農民から地侍、土豪などの武士階層に至るその組織力を武器に日本各地で活動を活発化させるが、山科本願寺は天文法華の乱により1532年に戦災にあい、第10代証如は摂津国西成郡(現在の大阪市)に蓮如が開いた石山御坊へと移り、石山本願寺とする。
- Following the dawn of the sixteenth century, amid the turmoil of Sengoku, the Honganji Buddhist sect engaged its activities in various regions in Japan using its power of organization, which was constituted by petty peasants up to samurai hierarchy such as the local samurai, the local ruling families and so on; however, in 1532 Yamashina Honganji Temple suffered damage due to the Tenbun-hokke-no-ran War, and therefore the tenth generation (Shonyo) moved to Ishiyama Gobo, which was opened in Nishinari-gun, Settsu-no-kuni (currently Osaka City) by Rennyo, which became Ishiyama Honganji Temple.
- これは泰時が『法曹至要抄』や明法道の目安(訴状・陳状などの法律文書)を研究していたことや、編纂に参加しているのが泰時とともに六波羅探題を務めた叔父の北条時房(幕府連署)や京都の下級官人出身者やその子弟が中心であったのも御成敗式目の法源を武家慣習法ではなく公家法に求めたからと考えられている。
- It has been believed that the reason why Yasutoki studied 'Hososhiyo-sho' (a legal book compiled by the Sakanoue clan between the end of Heian period and the early Kamakura period) as well as the criterion of Myobodo (study of Codes) (legal documents of petition, petition for objection, and so forth) and why his uncle Tokifusa HOJO, a bakufu rensho (assistant to regents in bakufu) who had worked as Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) with him and person who had come from lower-ranking government official in Kyoto and their descendents participated in the compilation were that he sought the source of law not for the common law for samurai families, but for the court noble law.
- さらに明和2年(1765年)から金座監督の下、江戸亀戸、明和4年(1767年)から京都伏見、明和5年(1768年)からは仙台石巻(「千」字)、常陸国常陸太田市(「久、久二」字)などの銭座で鉄一文銭が大量に鋳造され、銭相場は下落し安永7年(1778年)頃には一両=6000文前後を付けるに至った。
- Moreover, since a large amount of one-mon coins was minted at zeniza in Kameido, Edo from 1765 under the supervision of kinza (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of gold during the Edo period), at zeniza in Fushimi, Kyoto from 1767, and at zeniza in Ishinomaki of Sendai (coin marked with a letter of '千'), Hitachiota City, Hitachi Province (coin marked with a letter or letters of '久' or '久二') and so on from 1768, the market price of currency fell and dropped to about 6,000 mon per ryo in around 1778.
- 晩年は後二条天皇の長子(自らの嫡孫)である皇太子邦良親王の即位によって大覚寺統が早期に一本化する事を望んでいたと言われ、中継ぎに甘んじない後醍醐天皇との父子仲は次第に疎遠になっていき、その結果院政停止・天皇親政に至ったと推測されているが、院政停止は後宇多院自身の希望ともいわれ、なお考証を要する。
- In his later years, it is said he wished the Daikaku-ji Imperial line to be unified after the enthronement of Emperor Gonijoin's eldest son (his own child), Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi, however Emperor Godaigo did not like to be in power temporarily, and the relationship between him and his father, Emperor Godaigo, gradually became fragile, as the result, it is presumed the cloistered government was stopped and the Emperor started the directly ruled government, but there is another theory that retired Emperor Gouda stopped his cloistered government by his own will, and more study is needed to determine the truth of the matter.
- 孝明天皇は前述の通り長年のあいだ悪性の痔に悩まされていたが、それ以外では至って壮健であり、前出の中山忠能日記にも「近年御風邪抔一向御用心モ不被為遊御壮健ニ被任趣存外之儀恐驚」(近年御風邪の心配など一向にないほどご壮健であらせられたので、痘瘡などと存外の病名を聞いて大変驚いた)との感想が記されている。
- Although Emperor Komei suffered from a malignant hemorrhoids for a long time, as it was previously mentioned, apart from this the Emperor was quite healthy and it was written in Tadayasu NAKAYAMA's diary, as mentioned before, he said, 'I was very shocked to know the Emperor suffered from unusual diseases like smallpox, since he had been very healthy and did not even get the flu recently.'
- 基準年を1990年に設定したのはロシアの批准を促すことなどにも配慮されたという国際政治の現場にありがちな話を指摘する向きや、「産業界を中心に世界有数の環境対策を施してきた日本が6%もの高水準を求められている」といった論調により、「この議定書が締結・発効に至る過程で政治的に歪められている」とする意見が散見される。
- An opinion saying 'the Protocol was politically biased in the process of ratification and effectuation' is heard here and there along with the following views: setting 1990 as the reference year was to give time to Russia for ratification, which is quite a political consideration; Japan has implemented world's leading environmental measures particularly in the industry, but is required for a high reduction level of 6%.
- 後に江戸時代には、この公家の楊弓と庶民の神事である祭り矢・祭り弓が元になり「的屋(まとや)」が営む懸け物(賭け事)の「的矢(弓矢の射的遊技)」として庶民に楽しまれ、江戸時代の後期には隆盛を極め、大正時代まで続いたといわれるが、江戸時代から大正に至るまで好ましくない賭博や風俗であるとされ、度々、規制や禁止がなされた。
- Later in the Edo Period, yokyu combined with the common 'festival bows and arrows' ritual to became a gambling game called 'matoya' (written with the characters for 'target' and 'arrow') run by people who were also called 'matoya' (written with the characters for 'target' and 'monger') and which prospered from the late Edo Period through the Taisho Period (1912 - 1926), although it was occasionally banned as it was considered to be undesirable gambling and to corrupt public morals.
- 「何時の頃にや、東山弥右衛門といへる仁あり、若くして越前に至り、さる製紙家の婿養子となって製紙の法を拾得す。習い得て後、妻子を置き去りて郷里名塩に帰る。これより名塩の地に紙をだす。然るに妻女、弥右衛門の跡を慕ひて来たりしに、里人之を追うて村に入れず。妻女その無情を恨み「村に癩(らい)者絶やさず」と呪い言して死す。」
- Long time ago, there was a person named Yaemon HIGASHIYAMA, who went to Echizen Province in his younger days and was adopted as the husband for a daughter of a certain paper maker to acquire the technique of paper-making. After acquisition, he returned to his hometown, Najio, leaving his wife and children. He began to produce paper in Najio. On the other hand, although his wife, in the wake of and longing for Yaemon, visited him, the people in the village tried to drive her away, and never permitted her to come in to their community. She held a grudge against those cruel and cursed them saying; 'may sickness prevail forever in this village!,' and died.'
- おしなべて、比較的交通や文化交流が高速化された近代、さらに国際化にともない電話・インターネット・電子メールなどによる情報伝達手段、航空機などによる交通輸送手段が超高速化して文化交流が盛んになった現代に至って、日本料理、ないし日本式食餌法まで含めた広義の日本料理と、異文化料理との間における相互への影響がはなはだしい。
- On the whole, in modern times when the speed of traffic and cultural interaction increased, corresponding has advanced on the international level, the cultural interaction has increased as a result of the speed of information-exchange by means of telephone, the Internet, and electronic mail and the ease of travel with the increase of airplanes has increased tremendously, nihon-ryori in the broad sense, including Japanese-style of eating as well as nihon-ryori dishes, and dishes from foreign cultures have all strongly influenced each other.
- 室町幕府の御用絵師となった狩野正信を始祖とし、その子孫は、室町幕府崩壊後は織田信長、豊臣秀吉、徳川将軍などに絵師として仕え、その時々の権力者と結び付いて常に画壇の中心を占め、内裏、城郭、大寺院などの障壁画から扇面などの小画面に至るまで、あらゆるジャンルの絵画を手掛ける職業画家集団として、日本美術界に多大な影響を及ぼした。
- Masanobu KANO, the official painter of the Muromachi shogunate, was the earliest ancestor; his descendants worked for Nobunaga ODA, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and the Tokugawa Shogun as painters after the collapse of the Muromachi shogunate, consistently dominating the art world associated with the powers-that-be, thus greatly influencing Japanese art circles as a professional painter group working on works ranging from screen paintings in the Imperial Palace, castles or large temples to small paintings such as those created on fans.
- 後に「武士」として登場する、関東の開発領主達の11世紀末までの状況がどうだったかといえば、当時はその所領支配は、郡司、郷司などの公的な職の体系を媒介として、開墾を行い、村落を形成することを課題としはじめた頃であり、領地支配、あるいはその拡大において、隣接する開発領主との抗争が日常化するほどの飽和点にはまだ至ってはいない。
- The situation of kaihatsu-ryoshu in the Kanto region that later appeared as 'bushi' in the late eleventh century used soryo ruling through gunji, goji, and other public duties to start cultivating and forming villages and was not up to a saturated level to quarrel constantly with neighboring kaihatsu-ryoshu over the ruling and expansion of manors.
- また『日本書紀』では、『百済本記』(「百濟本記爲文 其文云 大歳辛亥三月 軍進至于安羅 營乞乇城 是月 高麗弑其王安 又聞 日本天皇及太子皇子 倶崩薨 由此而言 辛亥之歳 當廿五年矣」)を引用して、天皇及び太子、皇子が同時に死んだとの説を紹介しており、何らかの政変によって継体自身が殺害された可能性もある(「辛亥の変」説)。
- 'Nihonshoki' quotes the lines from 'Original records of Paekche' ('the article in the Original records of Paekche says that King Anjang of Goguryeo encountered rebellion from his subjects and was murdered in 531. Around the same time, Japanese Emperor, Crown Prince and Prince were killed altogether by their subjects.') to introduce a theory that the Emperor, Crown Prince and Prince died at the same time, which hints the possibility that Keitai was actually killed in a political turmoil ('Xinhai Incident' theory).
- 『料理物語』によれば、「熬酒は鰹一升に梅干十五乃至二十、古酒二升、水少々、溜り少々を入れて一升に煎じ、漉し冷してよし、また酒二升、水一升入れて二升に煎じ使ふ人もある。煮出酒は、鰹に塩少々加へ、新酒で一泡二泡煎じ、漉し冷してよろし、精進の熬酒は、豆腐を田楽ほどに切り、炙つて、梅干、干蕪など刻み入れ、古酒で煎じてよし」という。
- 'Ryori Monogatari' (tale of food) records that 'Irizake is made by putting 15-20 umeboshi, 2 sho (approx. 1.8 liters) of old sake, a little water, and a little tamari (rich soy sauce) into 1 sho of dried bonito before reducing it down to 1 sho, filtering it and cooling it, while there are some people who add 2 sho of sake and 1 sho of water before reducing it down to 2 sho; Nidashizake (extracted sake) is made by adding a little salt to dried bonito and boiling it for a while with new sake, filtering it and cooling it; and shojin irizake is made by putting chopped umeboshi and hoshi kabura (dried turnips) into grilled tofu with size of dengaku, and boiling it with old sake.'
- 藤原北家の藤原良房の嫡流を経て、鎌倉初期に至り藤原忠通の子の近衛基実と九条兼実がそれぞれ近衛流摂関家と九条流摂関家を成立させ、嫡流が2家に分裂した(この他に同じ忠通の子である松殿基房を祖とする松殿流摂関家の松殿家があったが、松殿師家が摂政になった後は摂政・関白を輩出することなく何度も断絶を繰り返しているため摂家には数えない)。
- Through the main branch of the family of FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa of Fujiwara Hokke (Fujiwara Hoku Family), in the early Kamakura period, FUJIWARA no Tadamichi's sons, Motozane KONOE and Kanezane KUJO established the Sekkan Family (Sekkan-ke) of the Konoe group and Kujoryu Sekkan-ke, a regent family, respectively; this resulted in the division of the main branch of the family into two families (although there was, in addition the Matsudono Family of the Sekkan Family (Sekkannke) of the Matsudono group, the originator of which was Motofusa MATSUDONO, who was also a son of Tadamichi; but, the Matsudono Family is not counted as sekke, with the two families because, after Moroie MATSUDONO became regent, no one from the Matsudono Family became a regent or chief advisor of the Emperor and the family line failed many times).
- 例えば、恋人として付き合った結果としてお互いの長所も短所も好ましい性質と感じて結婚に至ったり、どうも所定の上司の前で緊張してしまって良い結果が出せず叱られてばかりだとか、所定の部下に対してだけ態度に不満があって強く注意してしまいがちだとか、あるいはあの同僚とは一緒に話していても楽しくないが、別の同僚とは話が弾む...などである。
- For example, as a result of getting to know each other as lovers, two people consider themselves compatible by taking into account both the good and bad qualities in each other and decide to get married; or one always gets nervous in front of a certain boss, and because of it, cannot bring a good result and gets scolded all the time; or one cannot help reprimanding a certain subordinate because of his/her attitude; or one always has great conversations with a certain co-worker, but not with another.
- 水田が多いことから溜池が至る所に点在していること、市内に古くから有数の釣りスポットである中山池があること、また近隣に一庫ダム(兵庫県)、日吉ダム、大野ダム、和知ダム(京都府)といった大規模ダムと由良川、保津川といった有数の鮎釣りスポットがあることから年齢問わず広いジャンルの「釣り」を趣味に持つ人が多く、他府県からの来訪者も多い。
- Many people of all ages in the city enjoy a wide variety of fishing, with many visitors from other prefectures due to the following reasons: first, farm ponds are scattered around the city due to the many rice fields; second, the city boasts the Nakayama-ike Pond, one of the best fishing spots from old times; and third, large dams such as Hitokura Dam (Hyogo Prefecture), Hiyoshi Dam, Ono Dam and Wachi Dam (Kyoto Prefecture) as well as rivers such as the Yura-gawa and Hozu-gawa Rivers, also being some of the best fishing spots, are situated nearby,
- これに対して黒岩重吾は『日本書紀』継体天皇廿五年での『百済本記』引用「百濟本記爲文 其文云 大歳辛亥三月 軍進至于安羅 營乞乇城 是月 高麗弑其王安 又聞 日本天皇及太子皇子 倶崩薨 由此而言 辛亥之歳 當廿五年矣」天皇および太子、皇子が同時に死んだという記述等を根拠にそれぞれ実際には即位していない安閑・宣化は暗殺・軟禁されたとした。
- Based on the statement in 'Original records of Paekche' in section of '25 years of Emperor Keitai' in 'Chronicles of Japan', saying '百濟本記爲文 其文云 大歳辛亥三月 軍進至于安羅 營乞?城 是月 高麗弑其王安 又聞 日本天皇及太子皇子 倶崩薨 由此而言 辛亥之歳 當廿五年矣'(Emperor in Japan and the prince passed away at the same time), Jugo KUROIWA believed that Ankan and Senka did not succeed to the throne and they were actually assassinated or under custody.
- アレあの花を見て、御心を御和らぎやと言う、産子・這子に至るまで、此の外郎の御評判、御存じ無いとは申されまいまいつぶり、角出せ棒出せぼうぼう眉に、臼杵擂鉢ばちばちぐわらぐわらぐわらと、羽目を外して今日御出での何れも様に、上げねばならぬ、売らねばならぬと、息せい引っ張り、浄土の薬の元締、薬師如来も照覧あれと、ホホ敬って外郎はいらっしゃいませぬか。
- Are ano hana wo mite, okokoro wo oyawaragi ya to iu (they say you should relieve the tension watching that flower), ubuko hauko ni itaru made, kono uiro no gohyoban, gozonji nai towa mosare maimaitsuburi (even newborn babies or crawlers will never say that they have never heard Uiro's reputation, snail), tsuno dase bo dase (stick out your horns or tentacles) bobo mayu ni (shaggy eyebrows, then), usu kine suribachi bachi bachi guwara guwara guwara to (a mill-stone, pounder and earthenware mortar are making a noise), hame wo hazushi te konnichi oide no izure mo sama ni, agene ba nara nu, urane ba nara nu to, iki seihippari (being eager to sell this medicine to you all here today, on a spree), tohosekai no kusuri no motojime, Yakushinyorai mo shoran are to, ho-ho uyamatte, uiro wa irassharimasenu ka (asking Yakushi Nyorai [the Healing Buddha], the manager of medicine in the Pure Land, to see this; with respect, would you like Uiro)?
- 1260年にモンゴル帝国の第5代皇帝(ハーン、ハーン)に即位した後のいわゆる「元 (王朝)」(大元ウルス、大元朝、元朝)の皇帝クビライは、1268年(日本の文永5年・大元朝の至元 (元世祖)5年)に第2代皇帝オゴデイ以来の懸案であった南宋攻略を開始する一方、既に服属していた朝鮮半島の高麗を通じて、1266年に日本に初めて通交を求める使者を送ろうとしていた。
- Kublai, who in 1260 became the fifth emperor (Khan) of the Mongol Empire that was later called 'Yuan' (the Great Yuan Ulus, Great Yuan Dynasty or Yuan Dynasty), in 1266 planned to send the first envoys to establish diplomatic relations with Japan, through Goryeo in the Korean peninsula, which had already become its subject, while starting to conquer the Southern Sung Dynasty in 1268, which had been its long-standing aim since the reign of the second emperor Ogodei.
- 156番の歌の「巳具耳矣自得見監乍共」の訓読として、「去年(こぞ)のみを我と見えつつ(去年ばかりは私と逢ったが、共に寝ない夜が多い)」(全註釈)「夢にのみ見えつつもとな(亡くなった人の姿が夢にばかり見えて、共に寝なくなった夜が多い)」(私注)「夢にだに見むとすれども(「夢にのみ~」と同じ意味)」(古典大系本)などが挙げられているが、未だ定説をみるには至っていない。
- Although Kundoku (reading Chinese texts as Japanese texts) for the 156th poem '巳具耳矣自得見監乍共' includes the following three reading examples, none of these has become an established theory: (1) 'Even we met each other last year, there are many nights when we do not sleep together' (Zenchushaku [a comprehensive commentary]), (2) 'As the figure of the deceased appears in my dream, there are many nights when we do not sleep together' (Shichu [Personal Notes]) and (3) The same meaning as the above (2) (Koten Taikeihon [anthology of classical Japanese literature]).
- 『法曹至要抄』によれば、養老律令詐偽律の解釈を巡る明法家の先例の学説として「太上天皇宣」の偽造は詔書と同一の罪に当たるとする説を挙げており早くから知られていた可能性があるが、院宣に関する記録の初見は延長 (日本)7年(927年)の宇多天皇が伊勢神宮に宣旨を下されたことを受けて神宮側がその指示を神郡に向けて発した「延長七年大神宮勘注」(『大日本史料』一之六)である。
- According to 'Hososhiyo-sho', when the Myobo-ke (judicial officials) interpreted Yororitsuryo Sagi-ritsu (punitive clause regarding fabrication of official documents and government properties under the Yororitsuryo code) earlier, it was described that the fabrication of the Daijo Tenno Zen (a decree by the Retired Emperor) is a crime comparable to the fabrication of the Shosho (an imperial decree), which shows that the concept of inzen could have been in use early in the history. Nonetheless, the first record which mentions the term inzen is 'Encho Shichi-nen Daijingu Kanchu', taken from 'Dai Nihon Shiryo' (the Historical Materials of Japan) Vol.1, no.6, which was a document that, upon receipt of an imperial decree from Emperor Uda in 927, Ise-jingu Shrine issued as the Emperor Uda's instructions to Shingun (a district designated as a sanctuary which enjoyed certain privileges under an Imperial charter).
- 『』(巻之一)の「」によると、批判の評論は1873年(明治6年)から1874年(明治7年)にかけて激しくなり、「明治七年の末に至りては攻撃(こうげき)罵詈(ばり)の頂上(ちやうじやう)を極め遠近(ゑんきん)より脅迫状(けふはくじやう)の到來(たうらい)、友人の忠告(ちうこく)等今は殆んど身邊(しんぺん)も危(あやう)きほどの塲合(ばあい)に迫り」というほどであった。
- Critical reviews became rampant in 1873 to 1874, one account explains the situation as 'a barrage of severe criticisms became abusive at the end of 1874, and he received intimidating letters from across the country, even endangered his friends who tried to give advice to Fukuzawa.
- 2000年代において、もっとも注目を集めたアニメーション制作会社の一つであり、元請制作では『AIR (ゲーム)』 『CLANNAD (ゲーム)』のような美少女系をはじめ、『フルメタル・パニック!』シリーズのような本格ロボット物、『涼宮ハルヒの憂鬱』のような学園コメディー物、『らき☆すた』のようなギャグ作品に至るまで幅広くこなすなど、作品クオリティーには非常に高い定評がある。
- The company received much attention in 2000s, and has been highly praised for the quality of its work, producing a wide variety of prime production works including those of the bishojo (beautiful young girl) genre such as 'Air' and 'Clannad', full-scale robot animation works such as the 'Full Metal Panic!' series, school comedies such as 'The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya' and gag stories such as 'Lucky Star.'
- なお、『日本書紀』に引く「百済本記」(「百濟本記爲文 其文云 大歳辛亥三月 軍進至于安羅 營乞乇城 是月 高麗弑其王安 又聞 日本天皇及太子皇子 倶崩薨 由此而言 辛亥之歳 當廿五年矣」)によれば、531年頃に天皇と太子・皇子が共に薨去したという所伝があるといい、継体天皇の死後、安閑天皇・宣化天皇の朝廷と欽明天皇の朝廷が並立していたとか、2朝間に内乱があったと見る説もある(「辛亥の変」説)。
- According to the 'Kudarahonki' (Original records of Paekche) quoted by 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), a legend has it that Emperor Keitai and Prince died together around 531, and another theory has it that after the death of Emperor Keitai, two Imperial Courts existed at the same time, one was reigned by Emperor Ankan and Emperor Senka, the other was reigned by Emperor Kinmei, and they had a domestic conflict ('Shingai Coup' theory).
- 江戸時代を通じて、基本的に酒はその造り方、流通、販売に至るまで商人がプロデュースするものであったが、上記のような理由から藩という地方自治体が酒造りを立案し、伊丹酒や灘五郷や奈良流など当時の酒造先進地域より酒師(さかし - 杜氏とほぼ同義)や麹師(こうじし)といった技術者を少なからぬ藩費で招聘し、土地の大商人に醸造設備などを整備させて始めた地酒のことを、後世から便宜上藩造酒(はんぞうしゅ)と呼ぶ。
- While sake was basically produced by the merchants throughout the Edo period in all fields of brewing methods, distribution and sales, local governments or domains, due to the above reasons, started to brew Jizake (local sake) called, in later ages for convenience, Hanzoshu (sake brewed by the domains) by preparing brewing plans, inviting at no small expenses of the domain's technical experts such as Sakashi (sake brewer) (almost the same meaning as Toji [sake brewer]) and Kojishi (a person in charge of the koji-manufacturing) from the advanced regions in sake brewing like Itami sake, Nada gogo (five districts in Nada), Nara style sake and so on and making local wealthy merchants maintain brewing facilities.
- そして、文化の違いや日本人に対する侮りから、通信使一行の中には、屋内の壁に鼻水や唾を吐いたり小便を階段でする、酒を飲みすぎたり門や柱を掘り出す、席や屏風を割る、馬を走らせて死に至らしめる、供された食事に難癖をつける、夜具や食器を盗む、日本人下女を孕ませる 魚なら大きいものを、野菜ならば季節外れのものを要求したり、予定外の行動を希望して拒絶した随行の対馬藩の者に唾を吐きかけたりといった乱暴狼藉を働くものもあった。
- In addition, due to differences in culture and disrespect to Japanese, some of Tsushinshi envoy did violent acts as described in the following: Sneezing or spitting on walls, urinating on stairs, drinking too much sake wine, digging out gates or poles, breaking chairs or folding screens, making horses run to death, complaining about the food served, stealing bedclothes and tableware, making maidservants pregnant, requesting bigger fish, requesting vegetables out of the season, or spitting on persons of the Tsushima Domain accompanying them when a request for unscheduled actions was refused.
- 爰ニ佐渡判官入道々誉都ヲ落ケル時、我宿所ヘハ定テサモトアル大将ヲ入替、尋常ニ取シタヽメテ、六間ノ会所ニハ大文ノ畳ヲ敷双ベ、本尊・脇絵・花瓶・香炉・鑵子・盆ニ至マデ、一様ニ皆置調ヘテ、書院ニハ羲之ガ草書ノ偈・韓愈ガ文集、眠蔵ニハ、沈ノ枕ニ鈍子ノ宿直物ヲ取副テ置ク、十二間ノ遠待ニハ、鳥・兎・雉・白鳥、三竿ニ懸双ベ、三石入許ナル大筒ニ酒ヲ湛ヘ、遁世者二人留置テ、誰ニテモ此宿所ヘ来ラン人ニ一献ヲ進メヨト、巨細ヲ申置ニケリ
- When Sado hankan (Doyo SASAKI) was defeated, he invited the general to his palace as something of norm, within a kaisho as big as six rooms, a tatami with the enormous family crest was lined up together, and even honzon (the principle image such as Mandala), wakie (scroll), flower vase, incense burner, tea pot, and tray were lined together, and the study room had sanskrit written by Ogishi (Chinese calligrapher), literature written by Kanyu (Confucianism scholar in Korea), sleeping quarter with a pillow smelling of Winter daphne, took the sleeping gear and placed it on donsu (Chinese blanket), and the twelve rooms of the samurai serving far from the lord had hanging birds, rabbits, pheasant, and swan piled up high, and big cylinder that could contain as much as three seki (541 liters) contained sake (Japanese rice wine) and stopped two Buddhist followes, and said, 'try to serve a shot of wine to anyone who visits this lodging.'
- また安政年間頃から寛永通寳銅一文銭、鉄一文銭、および真鍮四文銭などの通用において額面からの乖離が著しくなり、文久永宝の発行に至り相場は混乱し、文久2年(1862年)12月に幕府は改めて天保通寳を100文で通用させるよう通達を出したが、実際に100文銭としての通用は困難との申し出もあり、幕府は慶応元年(1865年)閏5月に、鉄一文銭=1文および天保通寳=100文の基準に対し以下のような増歩通用を認めざるを得なくなった。
- Furthermore, under the significant deviations from the face value since around Ansei era (1854 to 1859) in circulating the Kanei-tsuho do ichimonsen (copper Kanei-tsuho equivalent to one mon), the tetsu ichimonsen coins, and the shinchu shimonsen coins, and so on, the issuance of Bunkyu-eiho (a coin first minted in Bunkyu era [1854 to 1859]) brought the disorder of the exchange market; therefore in January 1863, the bakufu reordered to fix the rate of the Tenpo-tsuho by 100 mon, however, by reports that this rate was impossible and others, in June 1865, the Edo bakufu had to accept to circulate it by the fair market price not by the face value as follows with the standard of the tetsu ichimonsen coin equivalent to one mon and the Tenpo-tsuho equivalent to 100 mon:
- 問題の天正13年の朝廷の人事については『公卿補任』をはじめ当時の朝廷人事に関する史料・記録・文書の日付がバラバラで余りにも錯綜しているため、同年前半の任官記録を矛盾無く並べる事が事実上不可能で歴史学者の間でも頭を悩ませている問題であるが、大まかな流れとして左大臣が一条内基から二条昭実、更に近衛信輔に移り、右大臣は二条昭実から近衛信輔、更に菊亭晴季(前内大臣)に移り、内大臣は菊亭晴季から近衛信輔を経て秀吉の就任に至ったと考えられている。
- As for the matter over the personnel of the Imperial Court in 1985, historical materials, records, documents including the 'kugyo bunin' (list of high court nobles) list different dates for the matter, and thus, it is too distorted to put in order the dates of accessions in the first half of the year coherently, causing historians to puzzle over the matter; roughly speaking, however, it is assumed that the position of Sadaijin was transferred from Uchimoto ICHIJO to Akizane NIJO and then to Nobusuke KONOE, that that of Udaijin from Akizane NIJO to Nobusuke KONOE and then to Harusue KIKUTEI (former Naidaijin), and that that of Naidaijin from Harusue KIKUTEI to Nobusuke KONOE and finally to Hideyoshi.
- また、元々頒暦が官庁に備え付ける暦であり、貴族や僧侶は自らの日記を執筆するために用いる具注暦をそれぞれが暦博士や暦生に依頼して制作もしくや書写の便宜を受けるのが慣例となっていた(藤原実資は予め(陰陽寮職員である)陰陽師に料紙を支給して暦を注文を行い、完成後に代金として絹1疋を支払っていたことが知られ(『中右記』長和3年10月2日条)、摂関家に至っては暦博士側から具注暦を献上してくることが慣例化していた(『後二条師通記』・『殿暦』・『玉葉』)。
- Hanreki was originally a calendar to be distributed to government offices, nobles and monks made it a practice to ask rekihakase or rekisei to make or transcribe guchureki in order to write their own diary (on this point, it is known that FUJIWARA no Sanesuke ordered calendars to an onmyoji (practionner in the Onmyoryo) by paying for paper and paid one hiki of silk when the calendar was completed (according to the article of 'Chuyuki' (diary written by FUJIWARA no Munetada) dated on October 2nd, 1014) and the line of regents and advisers made it rule that rekihakase presented guchureki to them (according to 'Gonijo Moromichi ki' (The Diary of FUJIWARA no Moromichi), 'Denryaku' (The Diary of FUJIWARA no Tadazane) and ''Gyokuyo' (The Diary of Kanezane KUJO)).
- 「朕惟うに我国通行の暦たる、太陰の朔望を以て月を立て太陽の躔度に合す。故に2, 3年間必ず閏月をおかざるを得ず、置閏の前後、時に季節の早晩あり、終に推歩の差を生ずるに至る。殊に中下段に掲る所の如きはおおむね亡誕無稽に属し、人智の開発を妨ぐるもの少しとせず」と論告し、同年11月24日、太政官布告を続いて発し「今般太陽暦御頒布に付、来明治6年限り略暦は歳徳・金神・日の善悪を始め、中下段掲載候不稽の説等増補致候儀一切相成らず候」とあり、これらの布告をもって禁止されたとする主張がある。
- It argues that 'Our traditional calendar divides a year into 12 months according to the cycle of new moon and full moon and fits it into the position of the sun in the sky. Thus, we have to put a leap month every two or three years and there happens a climate lag before and after the intercalation, which finally causes errors in calculating the travel of celestial body. Especially, most of the annotations (rekichu) on middle and lower part of calendars are absurd and largely prevent the development of human intelligence,' and, on November 24 in the same year, the Dajokan fukoku was again issued and said, 'Now on issuing the solar calendar, the absurd annotations on middle and lower part of calendars will be totally forbidden including the lucky direction, unlucky direction, and the good or bad of the day, from 1873,' which, some insist, banned rokuyo.
- 「候間至急御返却有之度猶及御掛合候也 壬申七月十三日 大蔵省 陸軍省御中 第七百二十三号 スナイトル銃空包 六万四百八拾発 入箱式拾壱個 但壱箱弐千八百八十宛 右陸軍省御用ニ付可差出旨於此県西郷少輔殿ヨリ致承知今般有功鑑ヘ積入差廻候間着船之上御請取相成度荷作其他本艦迄運送入費ハ当処会計掛ヨリ明細書差出候間急便御差送候被下度此段御伺申上候也 壬申六月廿六日 鹿児島県 大砲製造所 陸軍省秘史局御中 第七百二十四号 城地御伺之義ニ付申上書 陸省官員出張ヲ以御取調有之候福島城之義委詳別紙之通当四月中相伺置候」
- 候間至急御返却有之度猶及御掛合候也 壬申七月十三日 大蔵省 陸軍省御中 第七百二十三号 スナイトル銃空包 六万四百八拾発 入箱式拾壱個 但壱箱弐千八百八十宛 右陸軍省御用ニ付可差出旨於此県西郷少輔殿ヨリ致承知今般有功鑑ヘ積入差廻候間着船之上御請取相成度荷作其他本艦迄運送入費ハ当処会計掛ヨリ明細書差出候間急便御差送候被下度此段御伺申上候也 壬申六月廿六日 鹿児島県 大砲製造所 陸軍省秘史局御中 第七百二十四号 城地御伺之義ニ付申上書 陸省官員出張ヲ以御取調有之候福島城之義委詳別紙之通当四月中相伺置候'
- 玉川堂五代目田村綱造の『楽水紙製造起源及び沿革』によると、「和製唐紙の原料及び労力の多きに比し、支邦製唐紙の安価なると、西洋紙の使途ますます多きに圧され、この製唐紙業の永く継続し得べからざるより、ここに明治初年大いに意匠工夫を凝らしし結果、この楽水紙といふ紙を製することを案出し、今は玉川も名のみにて、鳥が鳴く東の京の北の端なる水鳥の巣鴨の村に一つの製紙場を構え、日々この紙を漉くことをもて専業とするに至れり。もっとも此の紙は全く余が考案せしものにはあらず、その源は先代(田村佐吉)に萌し、余がこれを大成せしものなれば、先代号を楽水といへるより、これをそのまま取りて楽水紙と名ずける。」とある。
- According to the 'the origin and the history of rakusui-shi production' written by Kozo TAMURA, the fifth head of the Tamagawa-do Store, 'While domestic Chinese paper production requires a large amount of materials and labor, Chinese paper made in China is cheaper. In addition, the usage of Western paper is increasing more and more, which can interfere with continuing this domestic Chinese paper production over a long period. Thus, this 'rakusui-shi' paper was invented as a result of tremendous trials of designs and ideas during the first year of the Meiji period (1868). Now, 'Tamagawa' is only valid as a store name, and a paper mill has been operated in Sugamo village, named after a waterfowl, which is located in the north end of Tokyo where birds sing. We have produced this paper every day as our principal occupation. This paper, however, was not completely invented by myself. The original idea was hit upon by the previous head (Sakichi TAMURA) and I completed it. Because his pseudonym was 'Rakusui,' I named this paper as 'rakusui-shi' after him.'
- 歌右衛門生涯の当たり役は非常に多く、『京鹿子娘道成寺』の白拍子花子、『籠釣瓶花街酔醒(籠釣瓶)』の八つ橋、『祗園祭礼信仰記(金閣寺)』の雪姫、『鎌倉三代記・絹川村』の時姫、『本朝廿四孝・十種香』の八重垣姫、『東海道四谷怪談』のお岩、『妹背山婦女庭訓(妹背山)』の定高、お三輪、『沓手鳥孤城落月(孤城落月)』の淀君、『仮名手本忠臣蔵・九段目』の戸無瀬、『積恋雪関扉(関の扉)』の小町と墨染、『恋飛脚大和往来・新口村』の梅川、『攝州合邦辻・合邦庵室』の玉手御前、『伽羅先代萩』の政岡、『鏡山旧錦絵(鏡山)』の尾上、『隅田川続俤(隅田川)』の班女など、娘形から姫、片はずし、傾城に至るまで、あらゆる女形の領域をこなした。
- Utaemon performed many successful characters in his lifetime, and those were Shirabyoshi (women who play Shirabyoshi (Japanese traditional dance)) Hanako of 'Kyo Kanokomusume Dojoji' (The maiden at Dojo Temple), Yatsuhashi of 'Kago Tsurube Satono Eizame' (Basket bucket in red-light district), Yukihime of 'Gion Sairei Shinkoki' (The Gion Festival Chronicle of Faith)(Kinkaku-ji Temple), Tokihime of 'Kamakura Sandaiki, Kinugawa-mura' (Three Generations of the Kamakura Shogunate in Kinugawa Village), Yaegaki-hime of 'Honcho Niju-shi ko, Jusshuko' (24 Paragons of Filial Piety of our Country, Incense Burning), 'Oiwa of 'Tokaido Yotsuya Kaidan' (Tokaido Yotsuya Ghost Stories), Sadaka and Omiwa of 'Imoseyama Onna Teikin' (An Exemplary Tale of Womanly Virtue in Mt. Imose), Yodogimi of 'Hototogisu Kojo no Rakugetsu' (The Sinking Moon over the Lonely Castle Where the Cuckoo Cries), Tonase of 'Kanadehon Chushingura, Kudanme' (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers, 9th act), Komachi and Sumizome of 'Tsumoru Koiyuki no Seki no To' (The Barrier Gate), Umegawa of 'Koibikyaku Yamato Orai, Ninokuchi-mura' (The Amorous Courier on the Yamato Highway, Ninokuchi Village), Tamate-Gozen of 'Gappo Anjitsu (hermitage of Gappo), Sesshu Gappo ga Tsuji (A Kabuki Drama of Unfettered Evil),' Masaoka of 'Meiboku Sendai Hagi' (The trouble in the Date Clan), Onoue of 'Kagamiyama Kokyo no Nishikie' (old brocade pictures of Mt. Kagami), Hanjo of 'Sumida-gawa Gonichi no Omokage' (Latter-day Reflections of the Sumida-gawa River), and he acted many types of female roles, such as a daughter, princess, Katahazushi (female role of nyobo (a court lady) of a samurai family or goten jochu (palace maid)), and keisei (courtesans with high dignity and literacy).
- 我輩がハイカラと云ふ言葉を書き始めた為めに、今日では大変に世間に行はれて居るが、此のハイカラと云ふ言葉を書いたのは、全く此のフルベツキ先生の話のピストルに対照させる為めで有ッた、即ち横浜毎日新聞に掲げたる当世人物評中に、「山縣有朋、鳥尾小弥太、谷干城などは保守主義の武断派、攘夷党の日本党、頑冥不霊なるチヨム髷党、ピストル党であるが、大隈重信、伊藤博文、西園寺公望等は進歩主義の文治派で、開国党の欧化党、胸襟闊達なるハイカラ党、ネクタイ党、コスメチツク党で有る」と書いたのが起因で、外のチヨム髷党、ピストル党、コスメチツク党、ネクタイ党などは少しも流行しなかッたが、唯此のハイカラと云ふ一語だけが、馬鹿に大流行を来した、今日では最早や我輩が発明したと云ふ事を知らずに用ひて居る者も多く、一の重要なる日本語となッて仕舞ふたが、然るに実は我輩が此のハイカ(p18/p19)ラと云ふことを書いた起因を申すと、全く此の時のフルベッキ先生の話を胸中に蓄えて居て、それを五六年の後に至って新聞の上に現はした結果で有る。
- The word haikara I began to write has been used very often today in our society and the reason I wrote this word is to contrast it with a pistol in Verbeck's story, that is to say, I wrote in my Tosei Personal Criticism in the Yokohama Mainichi Shimbun that 'Aritomo YAMAGATA, Koyata SHIMAO, Tateki TANI and so on belong to a conservative budanha (party of hawks), Nippon Party of Jyoiha (exclusionists sect), stubborn/unwise Party of hawks, Chiyomumage Party or Pistol Party, while Shigenobu OKUMA, Hirobumi ITO, Kinmochi SAIONJI and so on belong to a Liberal Party of doves, Oka (Westernization) Sect of Kaikoku (opening of Japan to western countries) party, free-spirited Haikara Party, Necktie Party or Cosmetic Party', which became the origin of the word haikara, and among them this word alone has become extremely popular, but today many people use it without knowing that I invented the word, which has become one important Japanese word, however, I originally wrote this word haikara (pp.18-19) in the newspaper five or six years after the interview with Mr.Verbeck.