自由: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 自由
- freedom
- liberty
- as it pleases you
- Shiori
- Jiyuu
- Miyu
- Yoriyoshi
- freely
- ad libitum
- privacy
- rest
- 自由な
- clear
- independent
- loose
- unfettered
- 自由縁
- free margin
- free edge
- free border
- margo liber
- 自由人
- free person
- free spirit
- son of freedom
- Jiyuuto
- 自由帳
- free-use notebook (unruled paper)
- general-purpose notebook
- 自由詩
- free verse
- vers libre
- 自由訳
- free translation
- liberal translation
- 自由度
- degree of freedom
- degrees of freedom
- Degrees of freedom (mechanics)
- Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)
- Degrees of freedom (statistics)
- degree of freedom（DOF）
- 自由に
- freely
- adlib
- independently
- optionally
- 自由形
- freestyle (e.g. swimming event)
- Freestyle swimming
- 自由流出
- free flow
- free outflow
- 自由摂取
- free feeding
- free-feeding
- 自由沈降
- discrete particle settling
- free settling
- 自由水面
- free surface
- water table
- 多自由度
- multi-degree-of-freedom
- multi-DOF
- 自由診療
- medical treatment at one's own expense
- treatment not covered by health insurance
- 自由勝手
- free
- unfettered
- according to one's own whims
- doing as one likes
- 自由思想
- free thought
- Freethought
- 自由自在
- free
- unrestricted
- complete mastery
- completely in control
- 自由時間
- free time
- time at leisure
- spare time
- 自由選挙
- free election
- free elections
- 自由電子
- free electron
- a free electron
- Free electron model
- 自由奔放
- free and uncontrolled
- behaving with abandon
- freewheeling
- liberal and uncontrolled
- 自由連想
- free association (in psychology)
- free word association
- 自由連合
- Jiyuu Rengou
- Liberal League (Japanese political party)
- 自由都市
- free city (of Germany)
- commune (of medieval Europe)
- Burgh
- 自由放任
- laissez-faire
- non-intervention
- 自由放題
- as freely as one pleases
- at will
- to one' heart's content
- 自由三昧
- free
- unfettered
- according to one's own whims
- doing as one likes
- 自由豁達
- free and easy
- open and natural
- not fastidious
- 自由の身
- freedom
- free man
- free woman
- 自由裁量
- latitude
- discretion
- discretionary powers
- a free hand
- free discretion
- 自由結婚
- freedom to choose one's marriage partner, parental wishes notwithstanding
- 自由契約
- free agency
- free contract
- free booking
- freelance
- 自由行動
- free action
- free activity
- acting at one's own discretion
- taking one's own course
- free hand
- independent action
- 東洋自由党
- The Toyo Jiyuto (Oriental Liberal Party)
- 境内自由。
- The precinct is open to the public.
- 宙自由水面
- perched water table
- 自由弁機構
- free-valve mechanism
- 自由落下堰
- free overfall weir
- clear overflow weir
- free weir
- 自由配線法
- free distribution method
- 金融自由化
- financial deregulation (or liberalization)
- 自由越流堰
- clear overflow weir
- free fall weir
- free overfall weir
- free weir
- 自由地下水
- free groundwater
- phreatic water
- unconfined groundwater
- 行動の自由
- discretion
- free hand
- 自由になる
- cut loose
- become free
- 選択の自由
- choice
- discretion
- freedom of choice
- 自由企業制
- free enterprise system
- 半自由音場
- semi-free sound field
- 自由民主党
- Liberal Democratic Party
- LDP
- Free Democratic Party (Germany)
- FDP
- Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)
- 自由民権論
- democratic rights ideology
- 自由裁量権
- discretionary power
- 自由か死か
- give me liberty, or give me death
- 市場自由化
- market liberalization
- market liberalisation
- opening up of a market
- 結社の自由
- freedom of association
- 言論の自由
- free speech
- freedom of speech
- Free Speech Movement
- カナダ自由党
- Liberal Party of Canada
- （参加自由）
- (anyone is welcome to attend the service.)
- 半宙自由水面
- semi-perched water table
- 自由磁化条件
- free magnetization condition
- unconstrained magnetization condition
- 自由金属異物
- free metallic particle
- 自然自由水面
- natural water table
- 自由回答質問
- open-ended question
- 自由水面低下
- depleted phreatic surface
- depleted water table
- 自由水面断面
- profile of water table
- 判断で自由に
- at the discretion of ~
- の自由裁量で
- at the discretion of ~
- 自由気ままで
- footloose and fancy free
- 非常に自由で
- free as a bird
- free as air [the air]
- free as the wind
- 2自由度制御
- 2-degrees-of-freedom control
- 輸入の自由化
- deregulation of imports
- 自由心証主義
- free conviction principle (principle of free evaluation of evidence) (kind of restricted discretion)
- Principle of Free Determination
- Free Evaluation of Evidences
- 自由民権運動
- Freedom and People's Rights Movement
- Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right)
- Freedom and the People's Rights Movement
- Jiyu Minken Undo (Freedom and popular rights movement)
- Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Rights)
- 自由にさせる
- give someone full rein
- 自由主義神学
- liberal theology
- Liberal Christianity
- 自由市場経済
- free-market economy
- 自由貿易地域
- free trade zone
- free trade area
- 自由放任主義
- principle of laissez-faire
- 自由貿易帯域
- free trade zone
- free trade area
- 自由貿易協定
- Free Trade Agreement
- FTA
- ｆree trade agreement
- Free trade area
- Free trade agreements
- 肢体不自由者
- physically handicapped person
- cripple
- 自由の女神像
- Statue of Liberty
- Replicas of the Statue of Liberty
- 肢体不自由児
- physically handicapped child
- 経済自由主義
- economic liberalism
- 職業選択の自由
- Freedom of Job Selection
- 単粒子自由沈降
- sectional division method
- 自由電子レーザ
- free electron laser
- 自由水面変動帯
- belt of fluctuation of water table
- 自由水面等深線
- hydro isobaths
- isobaths of a water table
- 自由水面の下降
- decline of water table
- 自由水面の変動
- fluctuation of water table
- 自由水面等高線
- water-table contour
- 自由に～できる
- be free to ~
- have the privilege to ~
- 2自由度制御系
- two-degree of freedom control
- 2DOF control system
- 卸電力の自由化
- wholesale competition
- 飢餓からの自由
- Freedom From Hunger
- 自由自在(に)
- as one pleases
- at will
- 契約自由の原則
- principle of freedom of contract
- 自由奔放(な)
- free and uninhibited
- 自由エネルギー
- free energy
- Helmholtz free energy
- 「自由自治元年」
- First year of Free Autonomy'
- 自由落下洪水吐き
- overfall spillway
- 自由落下管放水工
- free fall pipe outlet
- 自由落下式減勢工
- free fall type energy
- 自由落下式減勢池
- plunge basin
- plunge pool
- フレーム自由長さ
- frame free length
- 自由キャリヤ吸収
- free carrier absorption
- 自由落下の加速度
- acceleration of free fall
- 自由空間電界強度
- free-space field strength
- 自由水面トンネル
- free level tunnel
- 自由引外しコイル
- free tripping coil
- ～の自由にしうる
- at one's disposal
- 自由に使用できる
- at one's command
- 鳥のように自由で
- as free as a bird
- free as bird
- 自由に～してよい
- be at liberty to ~
- be free to ~
- have the privilege to ~
- 自由引外し継電器
- trip-free relay
- release-free relay
- 自由引外しリレー
- release-free relay
- 北米自由貿易協定
- North American Free Trade Agreement
- North America Free Trade Agreement
- 欧州自由貿易連合
- European Free Trade Association
- 朝鮮海航行の自由。
- To allow free navigation of the Sea of Korea.
- 拝観は自由である。
- Visitors are permitted.
- 自由落下オリフィス
- free discharge orifice
- free fall orifice
- free orifice
- free-into-air orifice
- 自由落下式洪水吐き
- overfall spillway
- 自由ローラーゲート
- free roller gate
- 体の不自由な人たち
- disabled people
- 散乱の平均自由行程
- scattering mean free path
- カリブ自由貿易連合
- Caribbean Free Trade Association
- アイルランド自由国
- Irish Free State
- 国際宗教の自由協会
- International Association for Religious Freedom
- 中南米自由貿易連合
- Latin American Free Trade Association
- 自由･社会民主連合
- Liberal/SDP Alliance
- 自由水クリアランス
- free water clearance (CH2O)
- 決定的文脈自由文法
- deterministic context-free grammar
- 自由民権運動への参加
- Participation in Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right)
- 自由民権運動と御誓文
- The Freedom and People's Rights Movement and Charter Oath
- ギブズ自由エネルギー
- Gibbs free energy
- 金で自由は買えない。
- Money cannot buy freedom.
- 人々は自由を愛する。
- People love freedom.
- 不被圧(自由)地下水
- unconfined aquifer
- 自由ピストンエンジン
- free-piston engine
- 完全自由落下式水封じ
- clear overfall type water seal
- 自由エネルギー低下量
- free energy deficit
- 自由ソリフラクション
- free solifluction
- 2自由度系振動モデル
- two degree of freedom model
- 北大西洋自由貿易地域
- North Atlantic Free Trade Area
- 『自由貿易日本経済論』
- 'Jiyu Boeki Nihon Keizairon' (A Study of Free Trade and the Japanese Economy)
- 彼は湖で自由に泳げた。
- He could swim free in the lake.
- 自由席を三枚ください。
- Could I have three seats in the unreserved section?
- 自由流量チューブバルブ
- free discharge tube valves
- 自由対流高度（LFC)
- LFC
- level of free convection (LFC)
- 社会余剰(電力自由化)
- social surplus
- 原因において自由な行為
- actio libera in causa
- manufacturing the conditions of one's own defence (e.g. getting drunk in order to commit a crime)
- 権利と自由のカナダ憲章
- Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- Gibbs自由エネルギー
- Gibbs free energy
- 米など穀類の輸出の自由。
- There was freedom of export of rice and grain.
- 鎌倉幕府と自由任官の禁止
- Kamakura bakufu and the prohibition of direct appointments (Jiyuninkan)
- その後は自由移民となる。
- After this, an open immigration was in place.
- 彼は片方の目が不自由だ。
- He is blind in one eye.
- 彼は自由にそこへ行ける。
- He is free to go there.
- 彼らは私の自由を奪った。
- They deprived me of my liberty.
- 自由こそ不可欠なものだ。
- Freedom is the breath of life.
- 境内は自由に拝観できる。
- The public are permitted to visit the precincts.
- 自由ピストンガスタービン
- fre-piston gas turbine
- 小売り自由化(電力市場)
- retail competition
- 俳句 - 定型 - 自由律
- Haiku: A fixed form and free-verse haiku
- 字は子豹、自由亭と号した。
- His (Chinese-style) courtesy name was Kohyo, and he took the second name Jiyutei.
- 彼は英語を自由に駆使する。
- He has a perfect command of English.
- 彼はいわゆる自由主義者だ。
- He is a so called liberal.
- 彼が我々の自由を剥奪した。
- He deprived us of our liberty.
- 休憩時間自由利用の適用除外
- Exemptions from the Rule concerning Free-Use-of-Rest-Period
- 私は辞書には不自由しない。
- I have no shortage of dictionaries.
- 自由に果物をお食べ下さい。
- Help yourself to the fruit.
- 彼らは自由のために死んだ。
- They died for the cause of liberty.
- 彼等は自由のために戦った。
- They fought for freedom.
- 水が不足すると不自由する。
- A water shortage causes inconvenience.
- 箕面自由学園高等学校卒業。
- He was graduated from Mino-Jiyu Gakuen High School.
- はしだて2号6号車は自由席
- The seats of the sixth car of Hashidate 2 are non-reserved ones.
- 埋没費用方式(電力自由化)
- embedded cost method
- 共同サービス(電力自由化)
- community service
- 契約経路方式(電力自由化)
- contract path method
- 空気のようにまったく自由で
- free as air
- free as the air
- 個別サービス(電力自由化)
- individual services
- 郵便切手方式(電力自由化)
- postage stamp method
- 負荷距離方式(電力自由化)
- MW-mile method
- 発電市場自由化型の供給形態
- purchasing agency
- リザーブ市場(電力自由化)
- reserve market
- 電力損失補償(電力自由化)
- real power transmission loss
- 自由貿易について定めた条項。
- The provision regulated on free trade.
- 大石正巳（憲政党旧自由党系）
- Masami OISHI (the Constitutional Party, the former Liberal Party faction)
- 松田正久（憲政党旧自由党系）
- Masahisa MATSUDA (the Constitutional Party, the former Liberal Party faction)
- 彼は４カ国語を自由に使える。
- He can make himself understood in four languages.
- 私の車を彼に自由に使わせた。
- I put my car at his disposal.
- 私は友人の車を自由に使える。
- I have my friend's car at my disposal.
- 妻がいないと何かと不自由だ。
- I am inconvenienced when my wife is away.
- 自由に取ってもいいんですか。
- May I help myself?
- 私の車は自由にお使い下さい。
- My car is at your disposal.
- 私の秘書は英語が自由自在だ。
- My secretary has a good command of the English language.
- 1883年7月自由党に入党。
- He joined the Liberal Party in July 1883.
- 意見表明の自由を強制的に奪う
- forcibly stop people from talking about their points of view
- 人をしばらく自由にさせておく
- give a person line enough
- だれでも自由に参加出来る競技
- free-for-all
- 第三者アクセス(電力自由化)
- TPA Third Party Access
- 送電線混雑解消(電力自由化)
- TLR transmission loading relief
- 彼の家族には何の不自由もない。
- His family lacks for nothing.
- 彼は自分の時間は自由に使える。
- He is master of his own time.
- 彼は野原で犬を自由に走らせた。
- He let his dog run free in the field.
- 私はその金を彼の自由に任せた。
- I left the money at his disposal.
- 私は何不自由なく暮らしている。
- I live in comfort.
- 私は自由の女神像を見たいです。
- I'd like to see the Statue of Liberty.
- 私の秘書は英語を自由に使える。
- My secretary has a good command of English.
- 彼らには自由の影だけしかない。
- They have but the shadow of freedom.
- 彼らは何不自由ない境遇にいる。
- They are in comfortable circumstance.
- 彼女は自由を完全に保障された。
- She was fully guaranteed her liberty.
- 彼らは自由党員たちと同盟した。
- They aligned themselves with the Liberals.
- 誰もが自由を楽しむ権利がある。
- Everyone has a right to enjoy his liberty.
- 民主主義は自由を積極的に認める。
- Democracy encourages freedom.
- 彼は自由にそこに行く事ができる。
- He is free to go there.
- 彼は自由に金を使うことができる。
- He is free to spend his money.
- 私はあらゆる言論の自由に賛成だ。
- I stand for freedom of speech for everyone.
- 彼らは信仰の自由のために戦った。
- They fought for freedom of religion.
- 彼らは自由を得ようと戦っている。
- They are struggling for freedom.
- 彼らはいつも金に不自由している。
- They are always short of money.
- 「しかし諸事不自由はさせない。」
- However I will not restrict you with regard to various matters.'
- （江戸時代に移動の自由はない）。
- (For the people could not travel freely in the Edo period).
- 電気通信市場の完全［全面］自由化
- full liberalization of the telecommunications market
- この頃から足の自由も利かなくなる。
- He got lamish around this time.
- 詳細は自由党 (明治)の項参照）。
- For details, see the Liberal Party (Meiji period).
- 彼は行動の自由がほとんどなかった。
- He had little freedom of action.
- 法律の観点からすると、彼は自由だ。
- From the standpoint of the law, he is free.
- 民主主義の生命は個人の自由にある。
- Individual freedom is the soul of democracy.
- 彼女は生まれつき眼が不自由である。
- She has been blind from birth.
- 日本は自由国家群に受け入れられた。
- Japan has been received into the family of free nations.
- 言論の自由は厳しく制限されていた。
- Freedom of speech was tightly restricted.
- 彼らは自分達の自由のために戦った。
- They fought for their liberty.
- 報道の自由は阻害されてはならない。
- The freedom of the press should not be interfered with.
- 彼らはその薬を自由に取って飲んだ。
- They helped themselves to the medicine.
- 水不足は多くの不自由を生じさせる。
- A water shortage causes a lot of inconvenience.
- 非常時融通用マージン(電力自由化)
- CBM Capacity Benefit Margin
- 自由民権運動とも深く結びついていた。
- The movement was closely associated with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- 2002年、販売が完全自由化された。
- In 2002, the sales was completely liberalized.
- 逓信大臣（衆議院・憲政党旧自由党系）
- Minister of Communications (the House of Representatives, the Constitutional Party, the former Liberal Party faction)
- 彼は奴隷を自由にしてやると約束した。
- He guaranteed his slaves' freedom.
- 彼は自由になるお金を全部私にくれた。
- He gave me all the money at his command.
- 私は自由に使えるお金がたくさんある。
- I have a lot of money at my disposal.
- 言論の自由が制限されている国もある。
- Freedom of speech is restricted in some countries.
- 彼らは自由という大儀のために戦った。
- They fought in the cause of freedom.
- 彼らは自由を求めて抗議デモを行った。
- They held a protest march for freedom.
- 彼らは何一つ不自由なものはなかった。
- They lacked for nothing.
- 耳の不自由な人は手話で会話が出きる。
- Deaf people can talk in sign language.
- 自由民権運動の主導者として知られる。
- He was famous as a leader of the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Rights).
- 記号凡例 自＝自由席、指＝座席指定席
- Legend symbols: 自＝Non-reserved seat, 指＝Reserved seat
- 自由通路を挟んで東側にあるのは東口。
- Higashiguchi is located at the east side of the free passage.
- ラビリンス型自由越流頂をもつ洪水吐き
- ungated labyrinth crest spillway
- 筋肉を自由に動かすことができない障害
- dyspraxia
- 系統の平均供給不能頻度(電力自由化)
- SAIFI system average interruption frequency index
- 廃家は一家創立者であれば自由にできた。
- If she was the founder of a family, she was free to abolish her family.
- 水戸下町住民は飲料水に不自由であった。
- The inhabitants in Shimo-machi, Mito had difficulty in obtaining drinking water.
- 詩 - 自由詩 - 定型詩 - 散文詩
- Poetry: Free verse, fixed verse and poems in prose
- 自由民権運動の端緒となった文書である。
- It was a written document which triggered the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Rights).
- 私は、あらゆる人の言論の自由に賛成だ。
- I stand for freedom of speech for everyone.
- 言論の自由は社会に多くの利益を授ける。
- Many advantages accrue to society from the freedom of speech.
- 自由こそまさに我々の民主主義の神髄だ。
- Freedom is the very essence of our democracy.
- 党内では旧自由党系として岸派に属した。
- Within the party, he belonged to the Kishi faction.
- 「自由自在な人物、大空を翔る奔馬だ。」
- He is a person of free will, like a horse galloping in the sky.'
- 普通車 (鉄道車両)座席指定席・自由席
- Ordinary car (railway car): Reserved seats/non-reserved seats
- オジータイプの自由越流頂をもつ洪水吐き
- ogee crest spillway
- マルチェージェントモデル(電力自由化)
- multi-agent model
- 浪費しなければ物に不自由することもない
- Waste not, want not.
- そこから、興義は、自由気儘に泳ぎだした。
- So, Kogi began to swim as he liked.
- 字余りや句跨りの破調、自由律も見られる。
- There are also some senryu with broken meter such as extra syllables and ku-matagari (segment straddling), as well as free-verse senryu.
- 作風は自由闊達な絵付けなどに特徴がある。
- The free and fluid multicolored illustration characterizes his style.
- 大日本帝国憲法第22条 居住・移転の自由
- Article 22. Freedom of movement
- 伯爵板垣退助（土佐閥・憲政党旧自由党系）
- Taisuke ITAGAKI, a count (Tosa clique; the Constitutional Party, the former Liberal Party faction)
- 彼はその仲間から自由になるのに苦労した。
- He had a hard time to disengage himself from the gang.
- 彼は鳥かごを開け、鳥を自由にしてやった。
- He opened the cage and set the birds free.
- 言論の自由は当然のことと考えられている。
- Freedom of speech is taken as a matter of course.
- 言論の自由は現在当然のこととされている。
- Freedom of speech is now taken as a matter of course.
- 現在では言論の自由は当然と思われている。
- At present freedom of speech is taken for granted.
- 12月、自由党 (明治)準備会に加わる。
- In December, he joined the organizing committee for the Liberal Party (Meiji).
- 系統の平均供給不能持続時間(電力自由化)
- SAIDI system average interruption duration index
- 翌年天然痘を病み、手の指が不自由になった。
- The following year, he suffered from smallpox and consequently lost the use of his fingers.
- 大日本帝国憲法第19条 公務への志願の自由
- Article 19. Right to be appointed to civil or military or any other public offices equally
- 府県会は自由民権運動の舞台の一つとなった。
- Fuken-kai became a stage for Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- 自由を守るためにどんな事でもする覚悟です。
- I'm prepared to do anything to protect freedom.
- 日本では政府を自由に批判することができる。
- In Japan we may criticize the government freely.
- 車があれば、自由に行ったり来たりできるよ。
- If you have a car, you can come and go at will.
- 多くの学生が言論の自由を求めて戦ってきた。
- A great number of students battled for freedom of speech.
- 言論の自由は現在当然のことと思われている。
- Freedom of speech is now taken as a matter of course.
- 需要家の平均供給不能持続時間(電力自由化)
- CTAIDI customer total average interruption duration index
- ゆとり◇ひじを自由に動かせる空間という意味
- elbow room
- 3月18日、中江兆民らと東洋自由新聞を創刊。
- On March 18: He began the publication of Toyo Jiyu Shinbun journal with Chomin NAKAE and others.
- しかし、道路建設は自由党弾圧の口実になった。
- However construction of roads became the excuse of oppression of Liberal Party.
- 彼は正しいと思っていることをする自由がある。
- He has freedom to do what he thinks right.
- 彼は英語以外にも２つの言語を自由にあやつる。
- He has two languages at his command besides English.
- 彼は五年の刑務所暮らしの後自由の身にされた。
- He was set free after doing five years in prison.
- 大変ご不自由をおかけして申し訳ございません。
- I'm sorry to have caused you such inconvenience.
- 高関税が自由貿易への最大の障害になっている。
- High tariffs are the chief obstacles to free trade.
- 言論の自由は現在、当然のことと思われている。
- Freedom of speech is now taken as a matter of course.
- 伊都内親王願文のような自由軽妙な躍動がある。
- It is written in a free, light, lambent style, full of liveliness like Ito Naishinno Ganmon (prayer of Princess Ito).
- 維新後は攘夷思想を改め自由民権運動にも参加。
- After the Meiji Restoration, he gave up his position on the expulsion of foreigners, and joined the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- After the Meiji Restoration, Masuda gave up the thought of expulsion of foreigners and joined Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- しかしその後の自由民権運動には参加しなかった。
- However, he did not participate in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement after this.
- 内向的な奴でいることの自由はずっと愛してきた。
- I've always loved the freedom that comes from being introverted.
- 祖母は耳が遠い、つまり、耳が少し不自由なのだ。
- My grandmother is hard of hearing. In other words she is slightly deaf.
- 夫が生きてる間、彼女は何の不自由もしなかった。
- She wanted for nothing as long as her husband lived.
- 目の不自由なその人は出口の方へ手探りで行った。
- The blind man felt his way toward the exit.
- その際、「板垣死すとも自由は死せず」と叫んだ。
- 'Itagaki may die, but liberty never will!' he shouted at that moment.
- 明治30年（1897年）3月、自由党総理辞職。
- In March 1897, he resigned as the president of the Liberal Party.
- 創立以来「自由の学風」を建学の精神としている。
- Since it was set up, Kyoto University has kept 'academic freedom' as the spirit of its foundation.
- 三島は帝政党を作って自由党との対決を激化させた。
- Mishima established Constitutional Monarchy Party and intensified confrontation against Liberal Party.
- 良い所：様々なコンボで自由に敵を料理する楽しさ。
- Good points: The pleasure of disposing of enemies with a variety of combos.
- 目の不自由な人をばかにするのは残酷なことである。
- It is cruel to mock a blind man.
- 父が行ってしまったから、我々は自由に話が出来る。
- Now that Father is gone, we can talk freely.
- 彼女は耳の不自由な人々のための学校に通っている。
- She goes to a school for the deaf.
- 大学生は、概して高校生より多くの自由時間がある。
- Generally speaking, college students have more free time than high school students.
- 平和で自由な雰囲気の中で彼らは長い間話し合った。
- They had a long talk in an atmosphere of peace and freedom.
- 私が生きている間は君には何一つ不自由させません。
- As long as I live, you shall want for nothing.
- - 西園寺公望の『東洋自由新聞』の印刷長となる。
- He became the chief of publisher for 'Toyo Jiyu Shinbun' journal by Kinmochi SAIONJI.
- 妻・豊子は自由民権運動の活動家で小説家の清水紫琴。
- His wife Toyoko was an activist of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and a novelist whose pen name was Shikin SHIMIZU.
- この政変が士族反乱や自由民権運動の発端ともなった。
- Also, this political changes caused the Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) and Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- 彼は柱に寄りかかって自由の女神像をじっと見つめた。
- He leaned against the pillar and gazed at the Statue of Liberty.
- 私はボーイフレンドにぜんぜん不自由させていません。
- I never want for a boyfriend.
- 目の不自由なその青年はハンディキャップを克服した。
- The blind young man has got over his handicap.
- - 松本新聞の主筆となり、新聞紙上に自由論を説く。
- He became a chief editor of Matsumoto-shinbun Newspaper in which he preached his theory on freedom.
- 飄々と生きた趣味の自由人といった人柄を伝えている。
- That is to say, he was a carefree man enjoying his hobby.
- が、この時の怪我が元で後に左手の自由を失っている。
- However, he later lost the function of his left hand due to a wound made at this time.
- 狩衣の色目・紋様は禁色を除いてまったく自由である。
- Except for a handful of prohibited colors, any color or crest can be used on kariginu.
- また、自由席が2・3・5号車となる〔3・2号〕)。
- In that configuration, the second, third and fifth train cars are for non-reserved seats.
- オジータイプの自由越流頂をもつ洪水吐き（坊主ダム）
- ungated ogee crest spillway
- その結果、明治30年（1897年）自由党を脱党した。
- As a result, he left Liberal Party in 1897.
- だいたい10年ほど奉公し、年季を明ければ自由になる。
- Most of them went into service for about ten years, and when their terms were up, they were set free.
- 大日本帝国憲法第29条 言論・出版・集会・結社の自由
- Article 29. Freedom of speech, assembly and association
- 彼は親切にも私が何一つ不自由しないようにしてくれた。
- He was kind enough to see that I wanted for nothing.
- 宿題を全部やってしまってから、月曜まで完全に自由だ。
- I have done all my homework and now I am completely free until Monday.
- 財産目当てに結婚するものは自由を売り渡すものである。
- He that marries for wealth sells his liberty.
- 金利自由化の方向性を一定するのはむずかしいことです。
- It is difficult to peg the direction of interest deregulation.
- またこの頃から、今井も自由に作品を作りたいと感じた。
- Around that time Imai began to desire more creative freedom in his film making.
- 駅の北側に地下自由通路があり、駅西側へと通じている。
- An free underground path is provided on the north side of the station, enabling access to the west side of the station.
- 作者の所属する党派（自由党）の思想が中心になっている。
- The main focus was placed on the ideology of the party (Liberal Party) to which the writer belonged.
- 彼は家族の者が不自由なく暮らせるように一生懸命働いた。
- He worked hard in order that his family might live in comfort.
- 冷蔵庫の中の物は、何でも御自由に召し上がってください。
- Please feel free to have anything in the fridge.
- 彼は男の子たち２人とも不自由しないように取り計らった。
- He saw to it that both boys were well provided for.
- 当時は戦時中でもあり酒には不自由していた時代であった。
- Because it was during the war at that time, it was hard to obtain alcohol.
- 考えることは自由であるとは、一般に言われていることだ。
- It is a common saying that thought is free.
- 日本人からが、アメリカ人は不安定で、自由奔放に見える。
- Americans appear unsettled and uncontrolled to Japanese.
- 大日本帝国憲法では文面上は信教の自由が明記されていた。
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan ostensibly stipulated freedom of religion.
- 岸田湘煙の女塾に入塾、自由民権運動の影響を受けて成長。
- She joined the workshop of Shoen KISHIDA and grew under the influence of liberal and democratic rights movements.
- 戦後になって比較的自由な家康批評が行われるようになった。
- After the war, evaluations of Ieyasu have been made freely.
- 「盲人」を「目の不自由な人」とする言い換えが提案された。
- It was proposed that the term 'blind person' be replaced with the term 'visually impaired person'.
- 肌の色のいかんを問わず、彼は万人の言論の自由を擁護した。
- He stood for freedom of speech for everyone regardless of color.
- 明治14年（1881年）10月に自由党 (日本)に入党。
- In October 1881 he joined the Liberal Party (in Japan).
- また自由党党首時代、隈板内閣でも迷走することも多かった。
- Also, when he was the leader of Liberal Party, his attitudes and thoughts were often inconsistent with the Waihan Cabinet.
- 普段着という性質上、狩衣の色目・紋様は全くの自由である。
- As kariginu are informal clothes, there was no restriction on the color or pattern of the clothes.
- 追放刑の不可をのべ、これに代えて自由刑とすることを述べた。
- He opposed to the punishment by banishment, and in addition to this, he advocated for the adoption of the punishment by imprisonment or curtailment of liberties.
- 明治14年（1881年）10月自由党 (明治)結成に参加。
- In October, 1881, he participated in the formation of Liberal Party (in the Meiji Period).
- 彼はこの新しい法律によって自由が制約を受けると感じている。
- He feels this new law will restrict his freedom.
- 恋は自由に始められるが、恋を終わらせるにはそうはいかない。
- A man has free choice to begin love but not to end it.
- 彼は、その莫大な財産は自分が自由に出来るものだと主張した。
- He claimed that the enormous property was at his disposal.
- さすが、お嬢様。自由奔放な生活をしていたわけじゃないんだ。
- Just what you'd expect of a young lady, you certainly weren't left to live as you pleased.
- 彼は家族のものが不自由なく暮らせるように、一生懸命働いた。
- He worked hard in order that his family might live in comfort.
- 彼女は日本で育ったにもかかわらず、英語を自由に使いこなす。
- She has a good command of English though she was brought up in Japan.
- 仕事が終わったからには、自由に外に出て遊んでかまいません。
- Now that you have finished your task, you are free to go and play outside.
- 安倍内閣は、自由民主党、公明党を与党とする連立内閣である。
- The Abe Cabinet is a coalition Cabinet where the Liberal Democratic Party and New Komei Party form the government.
- 需要家平均停電回数 需要家の平均供給不能頻度(電力自由化)
- CAIFI customer average interruption frequency index
- 1893年12月、東洋自由党は解党して大日本協会に合流した。
- In December, 1893, the Toyo Jiyuto was dissolved and its members joined the Dai Nihon Kyokai.
- 自由民権家の高田早苗は「聞きしに優る良憲法」と高く評価した。
- Democratic activist, Sanae TAKATA evaluated it as 'a considerably nicer constitution than expected.'
- 大っぴらにさえしなければ、魚釣りぐらいの自由はあったらしい。
- It is said that people had the freedom to at least go fishing, providing it was not done too openly.
- 使用者は、第一項の休憩時間を自由に利用させなければならない。
- An employer shall permit workers to use the rest periods stipulated in paragraph (1) freely.
- 自由な時間がたくさんあるので、フランス語を学ぶことに決めた。
- Having lots of free time, I've decided to study French.
- 誰にもみな、生存の権利はもちろん、自由を享有する権利がある。
- Everyone has a right to enjoy his liberty, much more his life.
- 型にとらわれない、鷹揚で自由奔放な芸風で、固定ファンも多い。
- His acting style is not fixed but easygoing and freewheeling and has a really solid base audience.
- ここに至って伊藤内閣と議会内で孤立した自由党が連携を宣言した。
- The Ito cabinet and the Liberal Party isolated in the Diet, announced their cooperation at this stage.
- その絵は伝えられる性格そのままに、自由奔放、奇抜なものである。
- His drawings are free-spirited and eccentric just like what his character is said to have been.
- その後、国会期成同盟第三回大会で自由党 (日本)が結成された。
- Soon afterwards, the Jiyuto (Liberal Party of Japan) was established at the third national conference of the Kokkai Kisei Domei.
- 第九款 通商については、各々の人民に任せ、自由貿易を行うこと。
- Provision 9 - free trade should be allowed, and left to the people of both countries.
- 愛国公党（あいこくこうとう）は、最初の自由民権運動の政治結社。
- The Aikokukoto Party was the first political organization associated under the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- - 戦後初期における自由民主党 (日本)のフィクサー、陽明学者
- A fixer for the Liberal Democratic Party in the early post-war period, Yomei-gaku scholar
- 今日英語を自由に使うことができることは是非とも必要なことです。
- It is essential to have good command of English nowadays.
- 明後日こづかいの一万円を自由に遣わしてくれるように母にいった。
- The day after tomorrow I will urge my mother to leave an allowance of 10000 yen at my disposal.
- 喉が乾いているのでしたらご自由に飲み物を取ってお飲みください。
- Feel free to get yourself a drink if you are thirsty.
- 自由とはたいてい、やりたいことを何でもやることと同一視される。
- Freedom is usually equated with doing whatever you like.
- 教育理念は、「自由自治」「国際主義」「凝集教育」「人間形成」。
- The philosophies on education are 'liberal autonomy,' 'international principle,' 'cohesive education' and 'foundation of the human being.'
- 同年には大日本自由映画プロの『段七しぐれ』で映画デビューする。
- In the same year, he made his debut as a movie actor in the movie 'Danshichi shigure' (literally, 'Danshichi in the drizzle') which was produced by Dainippon Jiyu Eiga Production.
- 東口自由通路の天井が破損し水漏れが発生するなどの被害を受けた。
- The station suffered damage such as water leakage from the broken ceiling of the free passage at Higashiguchi.
- JR東日本系列の「ホテルメッツ長岡」が自由通路と直結している。
- Hotel Mets Nagaoka,' affiliated with JR East, is directly linked to the free passage.
- 翌明治11年（1878年）には『自由交易日本経済経済論』を出版。
- The following year in 1878 he published 'Jiyu Koeki Nihon Keizai Ron' (A study of free trade and the Japanese economy).
- 画風は華やかな色と豪快なタッチが特徴とされ、自由奔放と評される。
- His pictures were characterized with cheerful colors and a strong touch, and described as free and uninhibited.
- 楽市とは、非課税等を通じて自由な売買を可能にした市のことである。
- Rakuichi was a market, in which people were able to trade freely without any taxes.
- 彼はフランス語を自由に使いこなすことにかけてはだれにも劣らない。
- He is second to none in his command of French.
- 自由は優れて根源的なものだから重要性は幾ら強調してもし過ぎない。
- Freedom is so fundamental that its importance cannot be overemphasized.
- 大学の仕事のほうが、今よりもはるかに自由な時間を持てるでしょう。
- A university job would give you a lot more free time.
- 翌1947年には第1回参議院議員通常選挙に自由党より出馬し当選。
- In the following year (1947), running as a Liberal Party candidate, he was elected in the first regular Upper House election.
- 面倒な文学論などせず自由で気楽な雰囲気が伝わってくる逸話である。
- This is an anecdote that tells of a free and light hearted atmosphere without the serious treatise on literature.
- 吏党色の強かった国民協会は自由党・進歩党のどちらにも与しなかった。
- As the Kokumin Kyokai was bureaucratically inclined, it did not take sides with either the Liberal Party or the Shinpoto.
- 古体詩には明確な定型がなく句法や平仄、韻律 (韻文)は自由である。
- Kotai-shi do not have a definite format, and there is no restriction about how to compose a poem, tone patterns and meter.
- これが、自由な表現を旨としていた川柳に規範という重い指針となった。
- Due to that, Senryu, which had made untrammeled expression its principle, was burdened with heavy moral guidelines.
- また番人を取り込むことに成功し、以降自由に牢獄に尋ねる事はできた。
- They succeeded also to bring the jail keeper into their side and, after that, they could visit the jail freely.
- 自由貿易の流れを汲むものとアジア主義の流れを汲むものに大別される。
- It was roughly divided into two: one branch deriving from free trade and the other from Asianism.
- 自由党系が求めていた星亨の外相任命を大隈が拒んで自ら兼務を続けた。
- The Liberal Party side requested Toru HOSHI to be appointed as the Foreign Minister, but OKUMA refused it and doubled as Foreign Minister.
- （日本国憲法第20条、信教の自由、政教分離原則、津地鎮祭訴訟参照）
- (Refer to 'Article 20 of the Constitution of Japan,' 'freedom of religion,' 'the principle of separation of government and religion,' and 'the Tsu 'Jichinsai' lawsuit' (where Tsu Municipal Authority was sued for using public funds to hold a purification ceremony at a building site))
- 誰でも自己の自由を享有する権利がある。人生を共有権利はなおさらだ。
- Everyone has a right to enjoy his liberty, and all the more, his life.
- 井上井月に影響を受けた一人に、自由律俳句の種田山頭火が挙げられる。
- One of haiku poets who came under the influence of Seigetsu was Santoka TANEDA who made haiku without fixed pattern.
- 弟に砲術自由斎流の開祖となった杉ノ坊照算（津田妙算の養子）がいる。
- His younger brother was Shozan SUGINOBO (adopted son of Taekazu TSUDA) who became the originator of the gunnery Hojutsu Juyusairyu.
- 一般庶民からは、自由民権運動の総帥として圧倒的な支持を受けていた。
- Nonetheless, as a commander of Jiyu Minken Undo, he earned tremendous support from the general public.
- 電子フロンティア財団は電子ネットワークの自由を守る活動をしている。
- EFF Electronic Frontier Foundation
- 無季俳句、自由律俳句も含まれるがそれを俳句と認めない立場も存在する。
- Haiku includes muki haiku (haiku without seasonal reference) and haiku without any fixed patterns; however, there are arguments against having these included in haiku poetry.
- 大同団結運動と並んで自由民権運動の最後を飾る運動として知られている。
- It is known as the last campaign of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement as well as the campaign to unite for a common purpose.
- 植木は明六社の演説会と『明六雑誌』に触れて自由民権に目覚めていった。
- Ueki was awakened to the Freedom and People's Rights through Meirokusha's speech meetings and 'Meiroku Zasshi.'
- 年をとり、身体も不自由であったが、彼にはその仕事をする気力があった。
- Old and crippled, he had courage enough to do the work.
- 何人も、公共の福祉に反しない限り、職業を自由に選択することができる。
- Every person may freely choose any job, provided that it does not conflict with the public welfare.
- 私が帰るまでに私の家に着いたら、自由に飲み物を召し上がってください。
- If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink.
- 『板垣政法論』板垣退助述、植木枝盛記、五古周二編、自由楼、1881年
- 'Itagaki Seihoron,' dictated by Taisuke ITAGAKI, written by Emori UEKI, compiled by Shuji GOKO, published by Jiyuro, 1881
- 第一議会では予算問題で政府を支持し自由党 (明治)を除名させられる。
- He supported the government on a budget issue in the first diet session, and he was expelled from the Liberal Party (during Meiji period).
- 嵯峨嵐山駅および亀岡駅では、駅の橋上化と自由通路の設置工事も進行中。
- Saga Arashiyama Station and Kameoka Station are both currently being reconstructed on bridges, and pedestrian passages are being installed.
- 3両編成で運行され、1・4号は1両、3・2号は2両が自由席車である。
- Of the three train cars organized in the operation, one car is for non-reserved seats for Tango Explorer nos. 1 and 4, and two cars are for non-reserved seats for Tango Explorer nos. 2 and 3.
- 帰国した時には皇族のなかでも自由主義者として知られるようになっていた。
- Upon returning to Japan, he became known as a liberal within the Imperial family.
- 河野は当初、自由党に所属し、東北派の領袖として党内に一大勢力を築いた。
- KONO first belonged to Liberal Party, and became a power in the party as a leader of Tohoku faction.
- 自由独立な権利の主体という概念がそれまでの日本には無かったためである。
- This was because there had not been an idea of being an subject holding a free and independent right in Japan until then.
- 言論や結社の自由はやや緩和され、韓国語の新聞・雑誌の発行が認められた。
- The freedom of speech and association was somewhat relaxed, and publication of Korean newspapers and magazines was allowed.
- 鶴たちは何と美しく自由なんでしょう。禎子はため息をついて、目を閉じた。
- How beautiful and free they the cranes were! Sadako sighed and closed her eyes.
- 牛肉の自由化のはっきりとした結果が明らかになるには、４年かかるだろう。
- It will be four years before the definite result of beef liberalization emerges.
- 1909年幸徳秋水と菅野スガの創刊した『自由思想』の印刷名義人となる。
- In 1909 his name was registered for printing 'Liberalism' which Shusui KOTOKU and Suga KANNO issued.
- 『明六雑誌』が発行されていた時期は、ちょうど自由民権運動の初期と重なる。
- The period when 'Meiroku Zasshi' was published overlapped the first stage of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- さらに、俳句は定型詩ではないとして一句一律を唱える自由律俳句も存在する。
- Furthermore, there exist 'jiyuritsu-haiku' (rule-free haiku) whose proponents argue that haiku does not have a set form and that each verse should have its own rule.
- この間、自由党は解党し、同年末には改進党も大隈らが脱党し事実上分解した。
- During this period, the Liberal Party was dissolved and Okuma also left the Constitutional Reform Party in the same year, which led to the virtual dissolution of the party.
- また、宅地と園地も班給の対象とされたが、収公はされず、自由に売買できた。
- Residential land and parks were also allotted but not confiscated, and selling and buying at the owner's discretion were permitted.
- プティジャンは訪れる日本人に教会を開放し、自由に見学する事を許していた。
- Petitjean would welcome the visitors, opening up the church and allowing them to look around freely.
- 税関を通り抜けると、私は好きなところへどこへでも自由に行くことができた。
- After getting through customs, I was free to go wherever I wanted.
- 1881年3月、自由政党創立委員となり国会期成同盟の責任者の一人となる。
- In March 1881, he became an organizing committee member of the Liberal Party in charge of Kokkai Kisei Domei (League for Founding a National Assembly).
- 鉛毒が元での不自由な身体を押して舞台に立ち「東西随一の女形」と呼ばれた。
- He was called 'the best female impersonator in the East and the West' as he went on the stage in spite of physical disability caused by lead poisoning.
- 大会社の資本制約から離れる事で自由な映画表現と制作ができる事を証明した。
- It proved that film makers could attain freedom of expression and creativity by distancing themselves from the capital constraints of large film companies.
- 京の一日(Aコース)☆平安神宮《神苑》・嵐山《自由散策》・金閣寺・清水寺
- Kyoto One Day (A course) #: Heian-jingu Shrine (the precincts of a shrine), Arashiyama (free time), Kinkaku-ji Temple/ Kiyomizu-dera Temple
- 2002年の規制緩和以降、加算額は事業者が自由に設定できるようになった。
- After the relaxation of taxi regulations in 2002, each operator can freely determine the amount of charge to be added.
- しかしながら、雨が降り進退の自由を失い、あと一歩のところで兵を引き揚げた。
- However, becoming unable to move freely due to the rain that started falling, the Satsuma army withdrew although it was almost win.
- また自由民権運動の士小室信夫・古沢滋らに依頼して、東京にいた板垣も招いた。
- Also he asked Nobuo KOMURO and Shigeru FURUSAWA, democratic activists, to invite Itagaki from Tokyo.
- 今まで自由に作れた陵墓を身分に合わせて作ることの出来る陵墓を規定し直した。
- The imperial mausoleum which could be prepared was redefined according to the position, even though the mausoleums could be built freely until then.
- 自由党の首領・河野広中は激発を戒めたが、ついに福島事件で逮捕・投獄された。
- The then chieftain of Liberal Party, Hironaka KONO banned outright confrontation, but he finally was arrested and imprisoned because of Fukushima Incident.
- 1894年、自由民権運動の活動家で書生芝居をしていた川上音二郎と結婚した。
- In 1894, she married Otojiro KAWAKAMI who was a performer of student play (shosei shibai) as well as an activist of the movement for liberty and people's rights.
- 後に自由党の設立に関わり幹事に選出され、日本憲法見込案（私擬憲法）を起草。
- Later he was involved in the formation of Liberal Party and was elected to the secretary afterwards and then drafted a Japanese Constitution Mikomi-an proposal (a constitutional draft prepared by nongovernmental).
- 12月には東洋自由党が解党して大井らが正式に大日本協会に属することになった。
- In December, the Toyo Jiyto dissolved, and some of its members, including Kentaro OI, formally joined the Dai Nihon Kyokai.
- 財政が増えなければ、行政の仕事も増えないし、幕府の公共事業も自由にできない。
- If financial affairs did not improve, administration work would not increase and the shogunate government could not undertake public enterprises freely.
- 大沽砲台および、海岸から北京までの自由交通の妨げとなる砲台をすべて撤去する。
- Gun batteries in Taku and all the gun batteries from the coast to Beijing which block free transportation shall be removed.
- 自由民権運動の影響下に発生した、いわゆる「激化事件」の代表例ともされてきた。
- It had been assumed to be a representative example of so-called 'aggravated incidents' occurred under the influence of Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- そうすると、政府への強い批判が起こり自由民権運動が一層の盛り上がりを見せた。
- Then, criticism towards the government became stronger and the Freedom and People's Rights Movement was pumped up.
- 近代国家として信教の自由（但し'法の定める範囲内'での）が条文に記載される。
- As a modern nation, freedom of religion (although in the 'range specified by the law') was stipulated in its articles.
- 使用者は、事業の附属寄宿舎に寄宿する労働者の私生活の自由を侵してはならない。
- An employer shall not infringe upon the freedom of personal lives of workers living in dormitories attached to the enterprise.
- 日本はガット自由貿易体制における最大の受益者の一つだったということができる。
- Japan has been one of the greatest beneficiaries of the free trade system under the GATT regime.
- 女性が今日持っている自由を獲得するには、約１５０年にわたる闘争が必要だった。
- It took some 150 years of struggling for women to gain the freedom they have today.
- しかし、政略結婚よりも自由勝手な恋愛を好む匂宮は、なかなか正妻を持たなかった。
- However, Niou Miya, who was not interested in a political marriage but free love, was reluctant to have a legal wife.
- 倹約の仕方は不自由なるを忍ぶにあり、この世に客に来たと思へば何の苦しみもなし。
- The way of thriftiness is to endure various inconveniences; however, you do not feel any hardship once you consider yourself as a visitor to this world.
- 特に、自由民権運動では政府の買収に応じるなど、同活動家を幾度も失望させている。
- Especially, Goto often disappointed the members of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement by having been bought off by the government.
- しかし、一般に旅行は伊勢参りなど無条件に許される例外を除いて自由ではなかった。
- Generally, however, traveling was not allowed with ease except for a pilgrimage to Ise Shrine that was permitted unconditionally.
- この問題は、学問の自由（特に歴史学）と国体とのかかわり方について一石を投じた。
- This incident raised a question on the relationship between the academic (especially, historical) freedom and the nation's political system.
- 以後自由民権運動における政府批判と議会設置を求めるスローガンとして用いられた。
- Later the term was used as a slogan for criticizing the government and requesting the establishment of a parliament in the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Rights).
- 墓石のとなりには、佐藤栄作の筆による「板垣死すとも自由は死せず」の石碑がある。
- On the stone monument that stands next to his gravestone, the phrase 'Itagaki may die, but liberty never will' was handwritten by Eisaku SATO.
- 栃木県令時代（1884年）、自由党員が三島の暗殺を謀った加波山事件が起こった。
- While he was taking office as Kenrei of Tochigi Prefecture (1884), Kabasan Incident, where a Liberal Party member plotted assassination of MISHIMA, happened.
- 既存の華道の世界において重要な型を否定、自由な活花を提唱したため異端視された。
- In the eyes of flower arrangement circles of the day, overlooking important forms in favor of free-form styles was considered heresy.
- 2008年中に南北自由通路を南または南西に八条通を跨ぐ形で延伸する計画がある。
- It is scheduled to extend the existing Nanboku-Jiyu-Tsuro to south or southwest over Hachijo-dori Street within 2008.
- 2008年（平成20年）6月14日予定 - 橋上化開業および南北自由通路完成。
- June 14, 2008: The station building is due to reopen as one centering its second-floor functions, and a free passage between the north and south entrance of the station is due to be completed.
- さらに多数説は、「下人」といわれた不自由民・奴隷とも全く異なる存在であるとする。
- In the opinion of most viewers of the history, Hinin absolutely differed from Fujiyu-min or slave who was called 'Genin' (low ranked person).
- これによって急激に支持を広げて自由党に対しては劣勢であった党勢を回復するに至る。
- By this, it suddenly gained a wide range of supports and bolstered the party's strength, which had been behind the Liberal party.
- 文永の役以前の使者の行動はかなり自由で、道中では色々な情報を集めることができた。
- Before Bunei no Eki, envoys were rather free and could gather various information during their trips.
- マーティン自身は長年中国に留まっていたため、漢語の読み書きにも不自由はなかった。
- As Martin had lived in China for many years, he had no difficulty in reading and writing Chinese language.
- 8月には自由民権運動弾圧法の新聞紙条例や讒謗律を批判し禁錮・罰金刑を科せられる。
- In August of the same year, he was sentenced to imprisonment and fine for criticizing the Shinbunshi Jorei (Press Ordinance) and 'Zamboritsu' (Libel Law), designed to oppress 'Jiyu Minken Undo' (Movement for Liberty and People's Rights).
- 官民調和・立憲政党政治の確立を目的として自由党の立憲改進党との大同団結を図った。
- He attempted to merge the Liberal Party with the Constitutional Progressive Party to realize 'kanmin chowa' (harmony of the government and the people) as well as constitutional and party government.
- 子女はいなかったといい、妻の姓名も不詳であるが、後年に足が不自由になったという。
- It has been said that he had no children and the name of his wife has been unknown, and later his leg became disabled.
- これは『明六雑誌』が、地方人士の自由民権運動に参加するきっかけとなった一例である。
- This was an example that 'Meiroku Zasshi' promoted local jinshi to join the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- 宇治十帖では、帝と共に第三皇子の匂宮を寵愛しつつもその自由奔放な品行を案じている。
- In Uji jujo (The Ten Quires of Uji), she loved the third prince, Nioumiya, tenderly together with the emperor, but she worried about his freewheeling behavior.
- 当時の自由民権家や新聞各紙も、同様に大日本帝国憲法を高く評価し、憲法発布を祝った。
- Democratic activists and newspapers of that time also highly evaluated the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, and celebrated its promulgation.
- 自由はすぐれて根元的な物であるからその重要性はいくら強調してもしすぎることはない。
- Freedom is so fundamental that its importance cannot be overemphasized.
- それまでの作法の延長の女子教育と違い、進歩的で自由なレベルの高い授業が評判となる。
- Her school received a high reputation for providing a progressive, liberal and high-quality education unlike the traditional notion which was to teach manners to women.
- 『通俗無上政法論』板垣退助立案、植木枝盛記、和田稲積編、絵入自由出版社、1883年
- 'Tsuzoku Mujo Seihoron,' planned by Taisuke ITAGAKI, written by Emori UEKI, compiled by Izumi WADA, published by Eiri Jiyu Publishing Co, 1883
- 境内の拝観は無料であり、600から1600の拝観時間には、自由に境内を参観できる。
- Admission to the precincts is free and visitors may wander the grounds freely from 6:00 to 16:00.
- 改札は東西自由通路上に設置され、隣駅の向日町駅と違って東西から改札口に入れる予定。
- It is planned that an ticket gate will be located on the free path, which is provided across the tracks in the east-west direction, to enable usage from both the east side and the west side of the station, unlike the situation in the adjacent Mukomachi Station.
- 夕霧 (源氏物語)は匂宮を婿にと望みもするが、自由な恋愛を好む当人にはその気がない。
- Yugiri (Evening Mist) (Genji Monogatari) wanted Niou Miya to marry his daughter, but Niou Miya was not interested in that because he preferred free love.
- 各地の知識人層を、自由民権問題を通じて結びつかせ、同じ問題意識を共有させたといえる。
- It can be said that it made intellectuals in various places tied through the issue of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and conscious of the same problem in common.
- ただし、大井自身は完全な新党ではなく、自由党の別働隊であるとする立場を表明していた。
- However he clearly announced that he regarded the Toyo Jiyuto as a branch of the Jiyuto and that it was not a completely new party.
- 第四議会では、院内総理として自由党を指導し、予算をめぐり、第2次伊藤内閣と対立した。
- In the Forth Diet, he led Liberal Party as a director of the House, and disputed with the Second ITO Cabinet over the budget.
- 河野は古巣の旧自由党系憲政党ではなく、大隈重信ら旧改進党系の憲政本党結成に参加した。
- KONO didn't joined the former Liberal Party line, Kensei-to Party which he used to belong, but joined Kensei honto (true Constitutional Party) which was led by former Progressive Party line by Shigenobu OKUMA.
- 明治23年（1890年）5月5日に、旧自由党 (日本)土佐派を中心に設立された政党。
- A political party established on May 5, 1890; it is mainly comprised of the members of Tosa school in the former Liberal Party.
- 前項の指導又は指示は、被保護者の自由を尊重し、必要の最少限度に止めなければならない。
- The guidance or instruction under the preceding paragraph shall respect the freedom of the public assistance recipient and be limited to the minimum extent necessary.
- 自由民権運動家の立場から、華族制度には消極的な立場であったため授爵の勅を二度断った。
- From the standpoint of a Jiyu Minken Undo activist, Itagaki took a negative attitude toward the peerage system and declined twice to accept the imperial decree of granting the peerage.
- 自由党_(日本)や立憲改進党に対抗する政府与党を目指し、士族や商人らの支持を受けた。
- It aimed to become a ruling party which opposed to the Liberal Party or the Constitutional Progressive Party, and was supported by the warrior class and the merchant class.
- 1887年9月、浅草井生村楼で旧自由党と立憲改進党合同の「大同団結大会」が開かれる。
- In September 1887, a joint mass meeting of the former Liberal Party and the Constitutional Progressive Party called 'Daido Danketsu Taikai' was held at Ibumuraro (a big restaurant) in Asakusa.
- 3箇所に下地窓、連子窓を開けており、自由な外光の取入れを初めて実現した建築と言える。
- It is said to be the first structure to allow the outside light to enter freely with its three shitajimado (unpeeled ditch reed lattice windows) and a renjimado (bamboo grille window).
- ■枠＝グリーン車 白枠＝普通車 (鉄道車両) 自＝自由席 指＝座席指定席 ×＝禁煙席
- Frame = a first-class car, white frame = an ordinary-class car, 自=non-reserved seats, 指=reserved seats, X= Smoking is prohibited when using the seats.
- 自由党・硬六派ともに政府との政治休戦を宣言したが、硬六派に対する世論の支持が広がった。
- Although both the Liberal Party and the Ko Roppa declared a truce with the government, public support for the Ko Roppa increased.
- 短歌や俳句のような呼吸が一定の音数律詩歌の音数規定を外し音数を自由にすることができる。
- Writers of five line poems have a choice on the number of syllables, as they are free from syllabic meter rules that are essential factors in rhythm poetry such as Tanka (thirty one syllable poems) and Haiku (seventeen syllable poems).
- 自由民権運動に同情して国会開設意見書を提出して早期の憲法公布と国会の即時開設を説いた。
- Sympathizing with the Democratic-rights movement, he submitted a written proposal for the establishment of the National Diet and appealed for the issuance of the Constitution in an earlier period and the immediate establishment of the National Diet.
- 古筆切は保存にも鑑賞にも不自由なため、これを収納、鑑賞するための帖（手鑑）が発達した。
- Since it was inconvenient to store and appreciate pieces of excellent classical calligraphy, copybooks (collections of calligraphy) were made to do so.
- 1878年以後は受不受は自由となったが、地方官が関与してトラブルを生ずることもあった。
- From 1878, people could decide whether to accept amulets, but trouble often occurred with local officials.
- 自由主義経済への批判や、国家による労働者の保護および金銀複本位制度などの提唱を行った。
- He criticized free economy and advocated the gold and silver bimetallism and the protection of workers by the nation.
- 最後は自ら作った自由党の党員にも伊藤博文の作った政友会に走られ、寂しい晩年を過ごした。
- Even members of the Liberal Party that Itagaki himself created left him to switch to the Seiyukai Party established by Hirobumi ITO, leaving Itagaki to live solitarily in his last years.
- 明治憲法では信教の自由が制限付ではあるが保障されていたため、強制されることは無かった。
- Because freedom of religion was guaranteed, although still limited, by the Meiji Constitution, people were not forced to perform Shinsosai.
- 信長は部下の武将に大名級の所領を与え、自由度の高い統治をさせ、周辺の攻略に当たらせた。
- Nobunaga gave his busho followers land as large as the territory of a daimyo and allowed them to govern freely and capture surrounding areas.
- 緑枠＝グリーン車 白枠＝普通車 (鉄道車両) 自＝自由席 指＝座席指定席 ※全車両禁煙
- Green Framed=First-class car ('Green Car') White framed=Ordinary car 自=Non-reserved seat 指=Reserved seat *Whole train set nonsmoking
- ■枠＝グリーン車 白枠＝普通車 (鉄道車両) 自＝自由席 指＝座席指定席 ※全車両禁煙
- Frame = a first-class car, white frame = an ordinary-class car, 自＝non-reserved seats, 指＝reserved seats; * Smoking is prohibited in all of the cars.
- frame = first-class car, white frame = ordinary car (railway car), U = unreserved seat, R = reserved seat, *All cars are nonsmoking.
- 自由党 (日本)の解党の影響を受け、改進党解党を主張するが、反対にあい、大隈と脱党する。
- By the influence of the dissolution of the Liberal Party, he insisted to dissolve the Constitutional Progressive Party, but he met with the opposition and he left the party with OKUMA.
- まもなく憲政党は旧自由党派を中心とする憲政党と旧進歩党派を中心とする憲政本党に分裂した。
- The Constitutional Party was soon divided in the Constitutional Party centering on the former Liberal faction and the True Constitutional Party centering on the former Progressive faction.
- 西南戦争以後に、不平士族の反対運動は国会開設や憲法制定を要求する自由民権運動に移行する。
- After Seinan War, opposition movements by fuhei shizoku shifted to Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) demanding the establishment of the National Diet and formulation of a constitution.
- 国立大学法人となったあとに制定された京都大学の基本理念でも「自由の学風」が謳われている。
- And this spirit is echoed in the university's basic ideas & policies, which were codified after the university became the national university corporation.
- 『平家物語』によれば、義経の軍に属した景時は兵船に逆櫓をつけて進退を自由にすることを提案。
- According to 'Heike Monogatari,' Kagetoki, who belonged to Yoshitsune's army, suggested installing Sakaro (oars rowing in reverse) to make the ship's movements flexible.
- 耳が少し不自由であったが、幼少の頃から勉学に励み、はじめ富岡家の家学である石門心学を学ぶ。
- He was slightly hard of hearing yet he studied hard from a young age, learning Sekimon Shingaku, which is the course of study followed by the Tomioka family.
- 伊藤自身が初代総裁となり、伊藤系官僚と憲政党（旧自由党）・帝国党が中心となって創立された。
- Ito himself became the first president of the party which was established on the initiative of the bureaucracy leaning toward Ito, Kensei Party (former Liberal Party), and Empire Party.
- 大同団結運動分裂後の事態に対応して、板垣退助たちが旧自由党員を愛国公党へ結集しようとした。
- In response to the situation after the split of Great Merger Movement, Taisuke ITAGAKI and others tried to invite the members of the former Liberal Party to the Aikokukoto Party.
- また、修習生の育成が進むと、俗人官僚の方技が増え更に自由な人事交流がなされるようになった。
- Further, as training progressed, the number of hogi who were bureaucrats from the secular class increased and personnel exchanges began to take place more freely.
- 山口で布教しているとき、ザビエルたちの話を座り込んで熱心に聴く目の不自由な琵琶法師がいた。
- There was a blind biwa-playing minstrel who listened carefully to the words of Xavier and his party during missionary work in Yamaguchi.
- ザイールのコンゴ民主共和国の国旗にも革命や自由を表すたいまつを持つ手が中央に置かれていた。
- The national flag of the Republic of Congo (former Zaire) also has a hand holding a torch in the center, representing revolution and freedom.
- ただし、大日本協会そのものがこの直後に解散に追い込まれており、大井は自由党に戻ることになる。
- Soon after that, however, the Dai Nihon Kyokai itself was dissolved and Oi returned to the Jiyuto.
- 当然のことながら当時言論の自由というものは存在せず、政治批判は極めて危険性の高い行為だった。
- That there was no freedom of speech in those days was a matter of course, and political criticism was a highly risky act.
- だが匿名での公開によって、読み書きができる者なら誰でも自由に言論活動を展開することができた。
- Any literate person, however, could freely engage in discursive activities by anonymously publishing their political views.
- 設計の自由度は飛躍的に増し、小間の空間は無限ともいえるバリエーションを獲得することとなった。
- He made rapid changes in freedom of teahouse design, and the possible variations became infinite.
- 幕末には、藩にいると自由に行動できないので、脱藩し尊王攘夷の志を立てようとする武士が増えた。
- Towards the end of the Edo period, many samurai were dissatisfied with their lack of freedom within their domains and opted to leave their domain and back the Sonno Joi ideal (Imperialism and the expulsion of foreigners).
- これが、かつての自由民権運動の流れを汲む民党の反感を買って「民力休養・政費節減」を主張した。
- This aroused antipathy of Minto (political parties such as Liberal Party, Progressive Party and so on which conflicted with a han-dominated government when imperial Diet was inaugurated) which have been followed Movement for Liberty and People's Right and insisted on 'Public's burden reduction/Government cost-cutting'.
- そこで、第2次伊藤内閣の伊藤博文は衆議院の第一党である自由党と提携して連立内閣を成立させた。
- Thus, Hirobumi ITO, in his second administration, formed a coalition government with the Liberal Party (自由党 Jiyuto), the leading party in the House of Representatives.
- しかし寄合所帯の憲政党内部では、旧進歩党 (日本)系と旧自由党 (日本)系の軋轢が強かった。
- However, inside the Constitutional Party, which was congeries of parties, conflict between the former Progressive Party (Japan) side and the former Liberal Party (Japan) side was serious.
- もっと自由に泳ぎたく、魚のことをうらやんでいたところ、海若（わたづみ）に体を鯉にしてもらえた。
- He wanted to swim more freely and envied the fish, then Watadumi (the lake god) changed his body into that of a carp.
- ウェイリーの訳は、かなり自由な意訳を行っており、当時の文学界にあわせた華麗な文体を用いている。
- WALEY made a free translation using a flowery style that was suitable to the tastes of literary circles in those days.
- 郷里に戻り、任地である福島県石川町で石陽社を設立し、東北地方の自由民権運動のさきがけとなった。
- He went back to his hometown, and he established Sekiyosha in his duty station, Ishikawa-machi, Fukushima Prefecture, and it became the pioneer of Jiyu Minken Undo in Tohoku Region.
- 西園寺は思想的に自由主義を自称し、衆議院での多数派政党が内閣を組織する憲政の常道を慣例にした。
- Saionji ideologically proclaimed liberalism, and he established the constitutional practice of the majority party in the House of Representatives forming the Parliament.
- 自由民権運動（じゆうみんけんうんどう）とは、明治時代の日本において行われた政治運動・社会運動。
- The Jiyu Minken Undo (Freedom and popular rights movement) was a political and social movement that took place in Meiji-period Japan.
- しかし、やがて所属議員は政党（大多数は自由民主党 (日本)などの保守政党）に吸収されていった。
- However, councilors in these groups were absorbed into political parties (mostly conservative parties such as the Liberal Democratic Party).
- なお、秩父事件の指導部は蜂起時点ではこの自由党解党の情報を認知していなかったと考えられている。
- It is assumed that the leaders of Chichibu Incident had not got information on the dissolution of the Liberal Party at the time of the uprising.
- 連合国最高司令部から、同年10月に政治的、社会的及宗教的自由に対する制限除去の件が通達された。
- General Headquarters (GHQ) notified the Japanese government that all restrictions on political, social and religious freedoms would be removed in October of the same year.
- 酒を通じては藤原道隆、藤原済時と格別に親しく交わり、道隆執政下の宮廷に自由な気風をもたらした。
- He was on especially friendly terms with FUJIWARA no Michitaka and FUJIWARA no Naritoki as drinking companions and brought a free atmosphere to the Imperial Court under the reign of Michitaka.
- バルバラ学院に入り、そこで自由学芸を修め、哲学を学んでいるときにピエール・ファーヴルに出会う。
- He entered Sainte-Barbe Collège for liberal arts and met Peter FAVRE while learning philosophy.
- 京都駅八条口は南北自由通路に近いところ、京都駅八条口アバンティ前は八条東口に近いところにある。
- The bus stop at the Hachijo-guchi of Kyoto Station is situated near the Nanboku-Jiyu-Tsuro, and the bus stop in front of Kyoto Hachijo-guchi Avanti is near the Hachijo Higashi-guchi.
- 中風にかかり、体が不自由になって以後も舞台に上がったので、ヨイヨイから「ヨイ三津」と呼ばれた。
- As he appeared on stage even after he was stricken with paralysis and became disabled, so called yoi-yoi, he was called 'Yoi-Mitsu' (literally, physically challenged Mitsugoro).
- 和歌改良を志す人々はその題詠による作歌・風雅な趣向を批判し、自由と個性を求める近代短歌を開いた。
- Criticized their overly pompous styles, a new breed of poets seeking to improve on the waka poetry opened up a new age for tanka that embodied freedom and individuality.
- そのため当時は筆写の際にかなり自由に文の追加・改訂が行われるのがむしろ一般的であったと見られる。
- Because of this, it seems to have been common that additions and revisions were freely made when the text was copied in those days.
- また、この影響で大同団結運動も分裂を来たし、自由民権運動は大きな曲がり角に差し掛かる事になった。
- In addition, this caused breakup of the campaign to unite for a common purpose and the Freedom and People's Rights Movement reached a tuning point.
- 自由党幹部として、中央政界の傍ら福島県会議員、県会議長として県議会においても指導的立場にあった。
- He played the leading role not only in the national political arena as a Liberal Party executive, but also in a prefectural assembly as an assembly member of Fukushima Prefecture and a chairman of the assembly.
- 『与謝野晶子 女性の自由を歌った情熱の歌人』（学習まんが人物館／小学館）入江春行、あべさより 著
- 'Akiko Yosano: A poet of passion for the freedom of women' (Gakushu Manga Jinbutsukan/Shogakukan) by Haruyuki IRIE, Sayori ABE
- またその民間党大団結論、官民協和論は朝野の共感を得て、その属する自由党は選挙で大勝利をおさめる。
- The ideas on the solidarity of civil parties and harmonious public-private relationship struck a chord with the government and public, and Liberal Party which the author Teccho was a member of achieved a landslide victory in election.
- 一連の寺内内閣の言論弾圧に対し新聞社は激しく抗議し、言論報道の自由に関する運動に発展していった。
- Newspaper companies made a vigorous protest against a series of suppression of free speech by the Terauchi Cabinet and it gradually developed into the movement about freedom of press.
- 当初、地租増徴を実現させるために憲政党（自由派）と連携して地租増徴や日本興業銀行法を実現させた。
- At first, he cooperated with Constitutional Party (liberal group) to achieve the plan to increase land taxes and implemented the plan to increase land taxes and the Industrial Bank of Japan Act.
- しかし、国民各層にはその考え方が次第に浸透して行き、自由民権運動の気運が高まるきっかけとなった。
- However, the idea slowly seeped into every class of people and triggered the rise in the momentum toward Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- 福澤諭吉の書生など職を転々としながら、反政府の自由党_(日本)の壮士となり、政府から弾圧される。
- Frequently changing jobs which included being a shosei (a student who is given room and board in exchange for performing domestic duties) of Yukichi FUKUZAWA, Kawakami became a political activist of the anti-government Liberal Party (Japan) which was suppressed by the government.
- このことからも、三島による弾圧がいかに自由民権運動にとって障害となっていたかを窺うことができる。
- The incident tells that Mishima's oppression was a formidable barrier to Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- 上り2号は大阪方面から豊岡・城崎方面や宮津方面、舞鶴方面へ行く者が多数いるので自由席が大変混む。
- Non-reserved cars of the inbound 'Monju No. 2' are very crowded with passengers from the area around Osaka and bound for Toyooka, Kinosaki, Miyazu or Maizuru.
- このような状況から、旅客がコースにおいて選択できる自由度を高めるなどの様々な工夫を凝らしている。
- Taking these situations into account, many ideas have been considered, such as raising the level to which tourists are allowed to select their courses more freely.
- 愛知県内の一部自由党員は板垣退助の演説、星亨の遊説などにもあおられ、政府転覆の陰謀に狂奔していた。
- In Aichi Prefecture, some Liberal Party members had been incited by Taisuke ITAGAKI's speeches and Toru HOSHI's canvasses and were running around madly with a plot to overthrow the government.
- 牢から出た河野は、後藤象二郎の自由民権派を糾合する大同団結運動に参加し、大同倶楽部結成に参画する。
- Released from prision, KONO took part in the Daido danketsu (Grand Coalition) Movement which rallied the democratic rights movement by Shojiro GOTO, and participated in the planning of Daido club.
- また松方デフレ等で困窮した農民たちも国会開設を前に準備政党化した自由党に対し不満をつのらせていた。
- There was also a growing discontent among the peasants, who were suffering the Matsukata deflation, against the Liberal Party that was preparing to become a ruling party with the establishment of the National Diet imminent.
- これは日本の国際協調気運を高め、民主主義的な運動・自由主義的な運動をさらに激化させることとなった。
- This built the momentum for international cooperation in Japan and intensified the movements for democracy and liberalism.
- 自由民権運動の頃から批判の対象とされ、大正デモクラシーでは「閥族打破・憲政擁護」が合言葉とされた。
- It was the subject of criticism since the time of the Freedom and People's Rights and 'Dispel clique group. Defend constitutional government' was the slogan of Taisho Democracy.
- このため、東京帝国大学・京都帝国大学の教授は大学の自治と学問の自由への侵害として総辞職を宣言した。
- This caused all the professors at Tokyo Imperial University and Kyoto Imperial University to proclaim their resolve to resign protesting this was the usurpation of autonomy in a university and academic freedom.
- 明治8年（1875年）に参議に復帰し大阪会議に参加したが、間もなく辞職して自由民権運動を推進した。
- He resumed the post of Sangi in 1875 to take part in the Osaka Conference, but soon resigned the post and concentrated on promoting Jiyu Minken Undo.
- 用心のため仕込杖を持ち歩き、翌年1892年には、自由党の壮士と名乗る者に襲われ大立ち回りを演じた。
- He carried a sword cane with him as a cautionary measure, and the following year, 1892, when he was attacked by a man who proclaimed himself a political activist of the Liberal Party, he fiercely fought against the aggressor.
- 醍醐寺と宇治浪漫(Dコース)萬福寺・三室戸寺・平等院・宇治散策(自由散策約)・醍醐寺三宝院・勧修寺
- Daigo-ji Temple and Romantic Uji (D course): Manpuku-ji Temple, Mimuroto-ji Temple, Byodo-in Temple, walking in Uji (free time), Daigo-ji Temple Sanbo-in, Kaju-ji Temple
- 室中の間の「花鳥図」が行体で自由奔放に描かれているのに対し、この図は楷体で謹厳な筆致が特色である。
- Whereas the kacho-zu of the inner room are of a loose informal style, these paintings are characterized by a more formal serious appearance.
- 明治14年（1881年）、板垣を中心として自由党 (明治)を結成するが、のちに政府への協力に転じる。
- In 1881, Goto set up the Liberal Party (Meiji Period) with Itagaki, a leader of the party, but he changed his mind to cooperate with the government.
- 羽仁もと子による自由学園の開校と前後して文化学院の創立に尽力、文部省の規定に逆らい、男女共学で開校。
- Around the time that Motoko HANI established Jiyu Gakuen, Akiko devoted her time to found the Bunka Gakuin (Institute of Culture), a coeducational school against the specifications by the Ministry of Education.
- （その人柄は、自由気ままで、規則にこだわらず、皇子でありながら謙虚な態度をとり、人士を厚く遇した。）
- (He acted freely, not worrying about rules; even though he was a prince, he behaved with modesty and treated people politely.)
- 自由民権運動が高まる中、御誓文は立憲政治の実現を公約したものとして一般に受け止められるようになった。
- While the Freedom and People's Rights Movement was growing, Charter Oath was accepted generally as a pledge of realization of constitutional government.
- この禁を破り、御家人が鎌倉幕府を介せず、または許しを得ることなく、叙位任官することを自由任官という。
- When this prohibition was violated and a shogunal retainer received a rank or post directly (not via the Kamakura shogunate) or without permission, that was called Jiyuninkan.
- 「じつは自由研究で相談したいことがあって・・・」「どれ・・・。ふーん、被子植物について調べてるのね」
- 'Well, there's something I'd like your advice on about my research project ...' 'Let's see... Hmm, you're investigating flowering plants then.'
- また、郷士の坂本龍馬など自ら制約の多い藩から脱藩して浪人になり自由な立場で活躍する者たちも多く出た。
- As Ryoma SAKAMOTO, a goshi (generally meaning a low-status samurai living in a village), was, there were many 浪人 who severed their ties with domains full of restrictions and acted freely.
- 戊辰戦争後の士族反乱から自由民権運動に至る途上の東北地方の人心慰留につとめ各地の開拓と開発を行った。
- While the Tohoku region in those days was in the midway from Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) after Boshin Civil War to Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), he made an effort to dissuade the hearts of the people from resigning or leaving their lands, and carried out the reclamation and development in various places.
- 明治維新後は政府の役人となり元老院議官にまで昇ったが、自由党 (日本)を結成に参加し副総理となった。
- Though he had became the government official and was promoted up to Genroin gikan (councilor of Chamber of Elders or Senate) after Meiji Restoration, he took part in forming Liberal Party (Japan) and became vice president.
- 戦後になって、『自由学校』、『本日休診』など戦後風俗をコミカルに描いた作品で喜劇映画の復活を支えた。
- After the war, he supported the comedy revival with films including 'Jiyu Gakko' (lit. 'School of Freedom') and 'Honjitsu Kyushin' (No Consultation Today) which were a comedic portrayal of post-war live.
- 運賃と特急料金（普通車自由席）の合計は、大阪～福知山間3250円、大阪～城崎温泉間4940円である。
- Regarding the section between Osaka Station and Fukuchiyama Station, the railway fare and limited express charge (a non-reserved seat of an ordinary car) amount to \3250, and for the section between Osaka Station and Kinosakionsen Station they amount to \4940.
- すなわち、信仰に導きたいというような特定の価値観に拘束されない自由な視点で説話と関わる姿勢が覗われる。
- Consequently, it is possible to approach the setsuwa in this collection from a point of view that is unfettered by allegiance to any specific code of values that would require a faith-based reading.
- けれども、民撰議院が世情の関心の的となったことで、本格的な自由民権運動の種子をまいたと評価されている。
- However, it is appreciated as it sowed seeds of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement because democratic representatives gathered public attention.
- 青年志士国野基（くにのもとい）とそのいいなずけ富永お春を中心人物とし、当時の自由民権運動を背景とする。
- The main characters of Secchubai include the young patriot Motoi KUNINO and his fiancée Oharu TOMINAGA, with the story developing in the context of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement in those days.
- ただし、これも直前に三好氏がその領国内においてキリスト教の布教の自由を認めていた事に留意すべきである。
- It should be noted, however, that the Miyoshi clan had approved the Christian missionary work right before Yoshiteru gave them permission.
- 清国は、列国の海岸から北京までの自由交通を阻害しないために、列国が同間の各地点を占領する権利を認める。
- The Qing Dynasty shall recognize rights of the Powers to occupy various places along the route in order to maintain free transportation.
- 1874年（明治7年）からの自由民権運動において、様々な憲法私案（私擬憲法）が各地で盛んに執筆された。
- During the Freedom and People's Rights Movement since 1874, many common people all over Japan published their own ideas for a constitution.
- だが、実際に帝国議会が開かれると、「民党」と称された自由民権運動の流れを汲む野党勢力が激しく抵抗した。
- When the Imperial Diet actually met, the opposition force called 'minto' (political parties opposing the han-based administration) that was in favor of Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Rights) showed strong resistance.
- さらに、日本語が話せれば、日本国内ではほとんど不自由しないので、外国語を理解できる人間はかなり少ない。
- As speaking only Japanese presents no inconvenience to people who live in Japan, there are few people who speak foreign languages.
- 3歳の時に文字を読んで「千石の神童」と呼ばれるが、幼い頃に大病を患ったために片目と片足が不自由となる。
- He was called 'prodigy' as he could read letters at the age of 3, but he went blind (one eye) and lame (one leg) because of serious disease in his childhood.
- この遭難事件の際に板垣が叫んだとされる「板垣死ストモ自由ハ死セズ」は、内藤が叫んだものという説もある。
- There is another theory that the phrase 'even though Itagaki dies, freedom will not' which Itagaki supposedly shouted on this accident could be shouted by Naito.
- 嵯峨・嵐山(Cコース)大覚寺《旧嵯峨御所》・天龍寺・嵐山散策(自由散策)・仁和寺《旧御室御所》・龍安寺
- Saga/ Arashiyama (C course): Daikaku-ji Temple 'former Saga-gosho,' Tenryu-ji Temple, walking in Arashiyama (free time), Ninna-ji Temple 'former Omuro-gosho,' Ryoan-ji Temple
- 南北自由通路には公募により「のどかめロード（「のどか」と「亀岡」の合成造語）」の愛称が付けられている。
- The free passage that runs north and south was called 'Nodo-Kame Road' (a synthesized term of 'nodoka' (calm) and 'Kameoka'), which was chosen from entries submitted by the public.
- 10月、健之が自由党大会のために大阪に行っている間に、同志が白昼、大草村役場に斬り込み、国税を強奪した。
- In October, while Kenshi was away for a Liberal Party convention in Osaka, his comrades cut their way into the Okusa-mura village office in broad daylight and robbed the office of national tax money.
- 大井憲太郎や内藤魯一など自由党急進派は政府の厳しい弾圧にテロや蜂起も辞さない過激な戦術をも検討していた。
- The radicals of the Liberal Party, including Kentaro OI and Roichi NAITO, were forming drastic measures against the government's oppressive measures and ready to go to the length of resorting to violence if necessary.
- ここにおける「無」は単なる存在としての有無ではなく、既成の善/悪の観念・価値からは自由であることを指す。
- And it should also noted that the character 'mu (無)' used in the first sentence, which usually indicates 'nothing', 'denying the presence', indicates 'being free from the conventional concept and value of good and evil.'
- 信教の自由は近代国家を樹立する上で必要とされたため、1889年発布の大日本帝国憲法下でも認められていた。
- Since freedom of religion was necessary to build a modern state, it was included in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan promulgated in 1889.
- 昭和49年 (1974年)、自由民主党 (日本)が靖国神社法案を衆議院本会議で単独可決（参議院で廃案）。
- 1974 - Liberal Democratic Party independently pushed through Yasukuni-jinja Shrine Bill in a House of Representatives plenary session (rejected in the House of Councilors).
- これは「一つの教会に留まらずに自由に伝道を行える者」として正規の牧師職の代わりに与えられた立場であった。
- This position was given as a replacement for official priesthood as 'the person who freely does missionary work without having to stay in one church.'
- しかし内蔵助はもともと赤穂藩時代から自由気ままな遊び人であり、本当に楽しんでいた面もあった可能性は高い。
- However, it was known that Kura no Suke was a free spirit since his days in Ako, and thus there is a high probability that he was truly a seeker of pleasure.
- 金峨は馬術にも優れ、相馬候に仕えていた頃、暴れ馬を自由自在に乗り回し廻りで見ているものを驚かせたという。
- Kinga was a skilful horseman, and when he served the Lord of Soma Domain, he reportedly tamed a raging horse, so that he rode and broke it at will, thereby astounding onlookers.
- 上皇本人も狩衣を着用するため「布衣始」（ほういはじめ）の儀式のあとは自由に狩衣を着ることができるように。
- The retired Emperor himself wore kariginu, so nobles felt free to wear kariginu after the ceremony of 'hoihajime.'
- 自由民権派は鹿鳴館をもって民衆から搾り取った税金を冗費にあてているのに「財政難」と主張していると非難した。
- The party of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement accused of the government's claiming on the 'economic difficulties' though they spent taxes for Rokumeikan siphoned off from the people on unnecessary expenses.
- テレビドラマや小説などのフィクションでは、吉宗の緊縮経済政策と徳川宗春の自由経済政策が対比される事が多い。
- Yoshimune's cost-cutting policy and Muneharu TOKUGAWA's free economic policy are compared in many television dramas and novels.
- 開港においては土地を貸借し家屋を造営しあるいは所在する朝鮮人の家屋を賃借することも各人の自由に任せること。
- When ports are opened, people can decide by themselves whether to borrow land and construct their houses, or borrow their houses from Koreans.
- 「実に英、米、仏の自由過激論者の著述のみを金科玉条のごとく誤信し、ほとんど国家を傾けんとする勢いだった。」
- 'They blindly believed only writings of ultra-liberal in Britain, America, and France, and their stream almost swept the nation away.'
- 大日本帝国憲法第27条は臣民の財産権を保障し、大日本帝国憲法第22条は臣民の居住移転の自由を保障している。
- The Article 27 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan provided people with the right of property, and the Article 22 provided the right of movement.
- 天人や天使の行為が人間にうつるのであるが、逆に人間の自由や能力の如何によっての行為も天界や霊界に反映する。
- Acts of celestial beings and angels are reflected in acts of humans and in contrast how humans show their freedoms and abilities is also reflected in heaven and the spiritual world.
- 一目連神社の社殿には扉がないが、一目連が神威を発揮するために自由に出入りできるようにとの配慮であるという。
- The main building of Ichimokuren-jinja Shrine does not have a door, and it is said this is to enable Ichimokuren to go in and out of the shrine anytime he wants in order to show his divine power.
- だが、自由党元総裁板垣退助は自分が疎外された事から運動から距離を置き、立憲改進党の大隈重信も懐疑的であった。
- However, Taisuke ITAGAKI, former president of the Liberal Party, distanced himself from the movement because he was alienated and Shigenobu OKUMA of the Constitutional Progressive Party was skeptical.
- 明治31年（1898年）6月自由党と立憲改進党の後身である進歩党 (日本)の合同に尽力、憲政党の結成を見た。
- In June, 1898, he exerted himself to the formation of Shinpo-to Party (Progressive Party) which used to be Liberal Party and Constitutional Progressive Party, and saw the establishment of Kensei-to Party (Constitutional Party).
- 「自由民権家は皆明治維新を闘った尊皇家で、天皇の存在に国民の権利、利益の究極の擁護者の地位を仰ぎ見ていた。」
- Democratic activists used to be people with reverence for the emperor who had fought during the Meiji restoration, and they considered the emperor as the ultimate advocate of public rights and benefits.'
- 第5回衆議院議員総選挙では自由・進歩両党が圧勝、これに対して伊藤は選挙から僅か3ヶ月で再度衆議院を解散した。
- In the 5th general election of members of the House of Representatives, both the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party overwhelmed and against this, ITO dissolved the House of Representatives again only 3 months after the election.
- 、明治4年8月9日 (旧暦)（1871年9月23日）には士族の帯刀・脱刀を自由とする散髪脱刀令を発していた。
- On September 23, 1871, the government issued Sanpatsu-datto-rei which allowed shizoku (family or person with samurai ancestors) to choose whether to carry a sword or not.
- 松沢 求策（まつざわ・きゅうさく、1855年 - 1887年6月25日）は、長野県安曇野市出身の自由民権家。
- Kyusaku MATSUZAWA (1855 - June 25, 1887) was an advocate of the Freedom and People's Rights who was born in Azumino City, Nagano Prefecture.
- このように、京都における路地はきわめて内部的なもので、部外者の通行が自由である通りとは画然とした区別がある。
- As described above, alleys in Kyoto are quite inside-focused and exhibit a clear contrast to the road, which allows the free passage of strangers.
- 拝観は宗教行為であるとする観点から、拝観料への課税は信教の自由を保障する憲法違反ではないかとする意見もあった。
- From the point of view that visiting temples and shrines is a religious activity, there was another opinion that the taxation of the entrance fee may be an act repugnant to the Constitution, which ensures freedom of religion.
- 明治憲法制定により帝国議会が開設されるまでの間、自由民権派は御誓文の実現を求めて政府に対する批判を繰り返した。
- Until Imperial Diet was introduced based on Meiji Constitution, the Freedom and People's Rights group criticized the government repeatedly demanding realization of Charter Oath.
- 大正デモクラシーとは、日本の大正時代に現れた政治・社会・文化の各方面における民主主義、自由主義的な運動を指す。
- Taisho Democracy refers to the movements that emerged in Japan's Taisho period, urging for greater freedom and democracy in politics, society and culture.
- この官途奉行（ひいては鎌倉幕府）の許しを得ず、御家人が勝手に任官することを自由任官といい、処罰の対象となった。
- A gokenin awarding himself a rank of his own accord without obtaining the permission of the Kanto bugyo (and, by extension, the Kamakura bakufu) was called 'jiyu-ninkan' (literally 'appointment without consent'), and this was subject to punishment.
- なお現代においては職業選択の自由、雇用機会均等法等の観点から、処女であることを求人要項に含めることは出来ない。
- Today, it is impossible for a recruiting shrine to include a requirement for applicants to be virgin in terms of their freedom to choose their occupation and Equal Employment Opportunity Law.
- また文部大臣として東京帝国大学に対して「自由」な校風の帝国大学を作ろうと「京都帝国大学」の創設を実現している。
- As Minister of Education, he tried to build an imperial university with a 'free' school environment, compared to Tokyo Imperial University, and realized the establishment of 'Kyoto Imperial University.'
- 当時の総長の意向もあって、「研究・教授・学修の自由を重んじるドイツ式」を採用、ドイツの大学のシステムに倣った。
- Partly because the then president wanted it, Kyoto Imperial University learned from the German university system that put an emphasis on the freedom of research, teaching, and learning,
- 自由民権運動の穏健派（改進党など）に近い立場をとり、『国民之友』では進歩的な言論や欧米での社会問題が紹介された。
- Minyu-sha took the position close to moderates faction of The Freedom of People's Rights Movement (such as Kaishin Party), and progressive comments and European and American social problems were introduced in 'Kokumin no Tomo'.
- 『ノーベル賞の周辺―福井謙一博士と京都大学の自由な学風』（1999年、化学同人）、ISBN 4759808183
- Around the Nobel Prize: Dr. Kenichi FUKUI and Kyoto University's Liberal Atmosphere (1999, Kagakudojin Publishing) ISBN 4759808183
- 自由民権運動の真の成功は、これらの権利を永久不可侵の「基本的人権」と定めた日本国憲法施行を待たざるをえなかった。
- The freedom and popular rights movement came to reach true success when the Constitution of Japan came into force that regarded people's rights as the inviolable fundamental human right.
- しかし、この戦いで織田軍は大きな損害を出し、服属させたはずの雑賀衆もすぐに自由な活動を再開して本願寺に荷担した。
- However, the Oda's army suffered huge losses in this battle, and Saikashu, who were supposed to be under Oda's control, soon resumed their independent activities and assisted Hongan-ji Temple.
- しかし、自由民権運動の高まりや、諸制度の整備による改革の成熟などもあり、1881年に「国会開設の詔」が出された。
- Yet, due to the rising tide of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, and the maturity of the reform resulting from the organized systems, the 'Imperial edict of establishment of the National Diet' was finally submitted in 1881.
- 乳児院、児童養護施設、知的障害児施設、盲ろうあ児施設及び肢体不自由児施設に勤務する職員で児童と起居をともにする者
- Workers of an infant home, home for dependent, neglected, and abused children, facility for children with intellectual disabilities, home for blind, deaf, and dumb children, and home for limb or body disabled children who live together with consigned children
- その理由は淳祐は体が不自由で、正式の坐法で坐ることができなかったことから、学業に精励し、膨大な著述を残している。
- The reason for that reference was that, being physically disabled, Shunyu was unable to seat himself properly and, to compensate for his disadvantage, studied diligently and left an enormous amount of literary work.
- 特急列車のグリーン車を利用の場合は乗車券・指定席特急券（この場合の料金は自由席特急券と同額）・グリーン券が必要。
- When getting on the Green Car of a limited express, you have to buy a basic ticket, a limited express ticket for a reserved seat (this ticket costs the same as the limited express ticket for a non-reserved seat on the Shinkansen) and also, a Green ticket.
- 以後、反対闘争は自由民権運動以後の「地租軽減運動」や初期帝国議会における「民力休養」論などに舞台を移すことになる。
- After this, the conflicts were taken over to 'the movement for land-tax reduction' following Jiyu Minken Undo and the theory for 'the reduction of people's tax burden' seen at an early stage of the Imperial Diet.
- このように総じて有季定型派よりも無季、自由律に眼を向けた俳人のほうがより深く季語の役割について考えをすすめている。
- It appears as though the poets who emphasize the muki style and are free from the traditional fixed style are, in general, more deeply interested in studying the role of the kigo when compared to those of the fixed style, uki school.
- 1900年には憲政党の旧自由党派を中心に伊藤を総裁として立憲政友会が結成され、これを基に第4次伊藤内閣が発足した。
- In 1900 the Rikken seiyukai (立憲政友会 Friends of Constitutional Government, a political party) was formed with members of the Kenseito former Liberal Party faction as its base and Ito as its leader; the fourth Ito Cabinet was inaugurated on the basis of the Rikken seiyukai.
- 実際には、頼朝の時代に源義経をはじめ、24人の東国御家人が自由任官をし、墨俣以東に入ることを禁ぜられた事例がある。
- Actually there were a case in which 24 shogunal retainers of the eastern provinces (Togoku) inclulding MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune in the time of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, were appointed directly and were forbidden to go east of Sunamoto (Gifu).
- 新たに家を立てた者に関しては自由に廃家して、本家、分家、同家その他親族の家を再興することができる（旧民法762条）
- A person who has created a new Ie can abolish the Ie without any inhibition and revive a head family, branch family, family which has the same origin as its branch family, or other family of relatives (the Old Civil Codes, Article 762)
- 一方、自由民権運動は3月に起きたロシア帝国のアレクサンドル2世暗殺事件の影響で過激な論調が現れるようになっていた。
- On the other hand, in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, radical opinions were expressed after assassination of Alexander II of the Russia Empire in March.
- これに対し3日後10月27日の就任式当日、内務大臣板垣退助が反対意見を上奏、翌日板垣ら旧自由党派三大臣が辞任した。
- On the other hand, three days later, October 27 the day of the inauguration ceremony, the Minister of Home Affairs Taisuke ITAGAKI reported his objection to the throne, and three ministers of the former Liberal Party including ITAGAKI resigned on the following day.
- 居留地の外国人は居留地の十里（約40キロ）四方への外出や旅行は自由に行うことができ、居留地外でも治外法権があった。
- Foreigners in these settlement were allowed to leave the premises and travel freely out to a range of about 40 kilometers, and in addition they remained protected by extraterritoriality even while out of the settlements.
- 大政奉還の後は生まれ故郷の高知に戻るが、1873年に中風を患い右手の自由が利かなくなったため左手で絵を描き続けた。
- After the Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor), he returned to his hometown Kochi, but he lost control of his right hand after he suffered from paralysis in 1873; still, he continued painting with his left hand.
- 『平家物語』では都を離れる前に建礼門院に別れの挨拶をしているので、ある程度の行動の自由は認められていたようである。
- According to the 'Heike Monogatari,' he visited Kenreimonin to say farewell before he left the capital and, therefore, it seems that he was allowed a certain level of freedom of activities.
- 同志社大の創始者新島襄、人間の自由と平等を説いた東京大学教授の中村正直とともに、'キリスト教界の三傑'とうたわれた。
- Along with Joseph Hardy NEESIMA (Joe NIIJIMA), one of the founders of the Doshisha, and Masanao NAKAMURA, a liberalist professor of the University of Tokyo, he was known as one of the three pillars of the Christian world.
- 生涯を文人として貫き、その自由で奔放な画風は近代日本画に独自の地位を築き、梅原龍三郎や小林秀雄 (批評家)らが絶賛。
- He considered himself a literati and his free and bold style has established him in his own position, gaining high praise from critics such as Ryuzaburo UMEHARA and Hideo KOBAYASHI (critic).
- これを機縁として、薩長藩閥による政権運営に対する批判が自由民権運動となって盛り上がり、各地で政治結社がおこなわれた。
- Following this statement, criticism of oligarchy by Satsuma and Choshu clans grew into the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, and political associations were established in various places.
- また、伊藤は超然主義を放棄して自由党 (明治)総裁板垣退助を内務大臣 (日本)として入閣させて、同党の与党化を図る。
- In addition, ITO gave up the doctrine of superiority and took Taisuke ITAGAKI, the president of the Liberal Party (Meiji period) into the Cabinet as the Minister of Home Affairs (Japan), to include this party to the ruling party.
- 少庵は先天的に足に不自由があったが、これが三千家系統の資料では道安に置き換えるなどの事実関係の齟齬も確認されている。
- There have been some confirmed contradictions between the historical materials belonging to the san Senke and fact, such as the case in which the person with a congenital leg impairment was Shoan in reality whereas in a san-Senke material it was replaced as Doan.
- 現在では、地域ごとに定められた金額を上限とする一定の範囲内であれば、各社の裁量により運賃を自由に決めることができる。
- At present, each company can freely determine its own fare according to its discretion within a certain range up to a ceiling of the predetermined amount for the area.
- フランス留学から帰国した西園寺は東洋自由新聞社長を経て政界入りするが、その間も教育に対する情熱を失うことはなかった。
- Coming back to Japan from France where he studied, Saionji went into politics after serving as the president of Toyo Jiyu Shinbun journal, and he never lost his passion for education.
- 戦時の抑圧を脱し、信教の自由を回復した天理教は、革新運動を放棄して復元に転じ、現在も有力な新興宗教として活動している。
- The Tenri sect, which was freed from the suppression during the war and restored freedom of faith, gave up its reform activity and turned to restoration, and currently is working as a powerful emerging religion.
- 結党後、直ちに自由党、大同倶楽部と合同に向けて交渉が始まり、5月14日三派が合同し、康寅倶楽部を結成する旨を決議した。
- After the establishment of the party, negotiations began to merge with the Liberal Party and the Daido Club Party, and on May 14 the three parties passed a resolution to form Kokin Club Party.
- ただ、大名は支配土地を自由自在に支配できたわけではなく、幕府からは大目付が発する監察使にその行政を監視規制されていた。
- However, daimyo was not allowed to administer the fief at their own will, and put under the surveillance of inspectors who were sent by the chief inspector in Edo (ometsuke).
- 世界の同胞諸君、アメリカ合衆国が諸君のために何をしてくれるかを求めず、人類の自由のためにともに何ができるかを求めよう。
- My fellow citizens of the world: Ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.
- が、自由民権運動が高まると、それを苦々しく思っていた薩長藩閥政府はメディア統制を試み、さきの二つの条例を出したのである。
- However, after the Freedom and People's Rights Movement became active, the government of Saccho (Satsuma Domain and Choshu Domain) which was feeling the bitterness tried to control media and promulgated the above two regulations.
- 首相は、政治犯の釈放や言論・集会・結社の自由容認の方針を組閣直後に明らかにし、選挙法の改正と総選挙の実施の展望も示した。
- The Prime Minister announced his plan to accept the release of political prisoners and allow freedom of speech, assembly, and association immediately after forming a cabinet, and indicated his vision of an amendment to the Election law and the implementation of a general election.
- 奴婢には、官奴婢と私奴婢が存在し、住まい及び結婚、職業の選択の自由に制限を受けており、法的に市場での売買が可能であった。
- Nobi who was divided into Kannuhi and Shinuhi, received restrictions on freedoms to choose where to live, to marry and to choose an occupation, and was tradable at a market legally.
- 地方三新法が制定された頃は、西南戦争は終結に至るも、農民一揆が頻発し、また自由民権運動が拡大しつつある社会状況であった。
- When the Three Local New Laws were enacted, the Seinan War had drawn to its close, but peasants' uprisings were occurring frequently and the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) was growing.
- 慶應3年（1867年）には自由相場（天然相場）に任されることとなり、鉄一文銭＝1文の基準に対し以下のような相場となった。
- In 1867, a free-rate system was employed, resulting in the following rates, with the standard rate of Tetsu ichimonsen equal to one mon:
- 前述のように六朝のはじめ、儒教的倫理規範の束縛からわずかに自由になった文人は道家的思想に新たな価値観を見いだそうとした。
- As mentioned above, at the beginning of the Six Dynasties, Bunjin became free a little from the bind of Confusian ethics model and tried to find a new sense of value in the thought of Taoism.
- もっとも当時の秀吉の身分はまだ非常に低く、ねねも浅野家の養女に過ぎなかったためある程度の自由恋愛も可能だったと思われる。
- Given that Hideyoshi's status was still low and Nene was only an adopted daughter of the Asano family, it was possible for them to have freedom to enjoy love to some extent.
- 付近の関連公共施設は、東西自由通路・駅前広場・駅前道路・JR東海道本線西側道・西自転車等駐車場・東自転車等駐車場である。
- Public facilities around the station include an east-west free path, a square in front of the station, a road in front of the station, the west side road of JR Tokai Main Line, a west-side bicycle parking area and an east-side bicycle parking area.
- ただし、本来は自由民権運動を継承する民党側からの蔑称であり、政府・マスコミ及び当事者達は温和派（おんわは）と呼称していた。
- The term was originally a derogatory term used by the Minto party who supported the Movement for Liberty and People's Rights, and at the time they, and the media, called themselves 'Onwaha.'
- 日本における国会開設と憲法制定は、自由民権運動への譲歩という側面を持ち、そこでは国家予算が国会の承認を要することになった。
- Establishment of the National Diet and formulation of the Constitution in Japan had an aspect of compromise with the Freedom of Rights Movement, and as such, it became necessary to gain the approval of the Diet for the state budget.
- 後任文相に旧進歩党の犬養毅が就いたことに不満を持った旧自由党の星亨は、一方的に憲政党の解党を宣言、新たな憲政党を結成した。
- As Tsuyoshi INUKAI of the old Progressive Party assumed the post of the next Minister of Education, Toru HOSHI of the old Liberal Party, who was dissatisfied with the result, declared one-sidedly the dissolution of the Constitutional Political Party, and formed a new Constitutional Political Party.
- 立憲改進党（りっけんかいしんとう）は明治時代の自由民権運動の代表的政党の一つ（1882年4月16日－1896年3月1日）。
- Rikken Kaishin-to or Constitutional Progressive Party (effective from April 16, 1882 to March 1, 1896) was one of the major political parties of Japan in the time of Freedom and People's Rights Movement in the Meiji period.
- 一進会の掲げた目的は、独立協会に見られる民主主義、独立国家主義の思想を継承しており、「政治改革と民主の自由」を掲げている。
- The goal Isshinkai aimed at was 'political reform and people's freedom' which succeeded to the thoughts of democracy and independent nationalism seen in the Independence Club.
- この頃、親たちは子供たちを以前よりもっと大人として扱い、子供には自分で人生上の選択をする自由が今まで以上に与えられている。
- Nowadays parents treat their children more as equals than they used to and the child is given more freedom to make his or her own decisions in life.
- 明治から試みられていた口語・自由律や、石川啄木にまでさかのぼれるプロレタリア短歌の運動が起こったのも昭和に入ってからである。
- It was during the Showa period where movements for the colloquial style, free verse from the Meiji period and for the proletarian tanka styles attributable to Takuboku ISHIKAWA started to gain headway.
- 明治4年（1871年）には、士族の公務を解いて、農業・工業・商業の自由を与え、また、平民も均しく公務に就任できることとした。
- In 1871, the warrior class became able to engage in not only public services, but also farming, industrial jobs or commercial business, and commoners could engage in public services.
- 幕府は自由な民間貿易を厳重に取り締まっていたものの、実際には来航した外国船と日本商人との間に密貿易がおこなわれていたという。
- Although the Bakufu cracked down on free nongovernmental trade, it is believed that Japanese merchants were actually trading illegally with ships from abroad.
- なお、勘違いされることもあるが、散髪脱刀令は髷を禁止して散髪を強制する布告ではなく、髪型を自由にして構わないという布告である。
- It is a common misconception that Zanpatsu Datto Rei by all mean ordered the forcible hair cutting by forbidding topknots, but rather, it conveyed a freedom of hairstyle.
- アメリカ合衆国の一部の州において、性犯罪者に対して、本人の希望により、あるいは懲役刑との自由選択の形で、去勢刑が行われている。
- In some states within the United States of America today, castration is provided as an alternative to imprisonment and is conducted as a penalty for sex offenders at their request.
- ホイッグ党 (イギリス)とトーリー党 (イギリス)の両党派が相互に勢力を競い、後に自由党と保守党による二大政党制へと移行した。
- The Whigs and the Tories in the British Parliament contested with each other for political power, which later shifted into the two-party system comprising the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party.
- このことが自由民権運動や初期帝国議会における激しい政府批判を招き、また地租に替わる財源として酒造税の相次ぐ増税の一因となった。
- This deletion of the provision invited Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) and fierce criticisms against the government in the initial Imperial Diet; in addition, it became a cause of a series of tax increase of brewery tax as the financial resource to replace land-tax.
- 使用者は、暴行、脅迫、監禁その他精神又は身体の自由を不当に拘束する手段によつて、労働者の意思に反して労働を強制してはならない。
- An employer shall not force workers to work against their will by means of physical violence, intimidation, confinement, or any other unfair restraint on the mental or physical freedom of the workers.
- 『十訓抄』では飼っている蜂の一匹一匹に名前を付けては自由に飼い慣らして、気に入らない人間を蜂に命じて刺させたと伝えられている。
- According to 'Jikkinsho' (Miscellany of Ten Maxims), he gave a name to each bee and tamed them and he ordered and the bees to sting each person he did not like.
- ただしタクシー車両を選ぶのは基本的に客の自由であり、「先頭の車両にお乗りください。」と注意すると乗車拒否扱いされる場合がある。
- However, which taxi to take is basically up to the customer and thus a customer may deny taking the taxi at the head of the taxi queue even if the customer is told to take the taxi at the head.
- そこで、同年11月1日に来年1882年5月1日に大阪で全国規模の酒屋会議を招集して減税と営業の自由を要求を求める檄文を作成した。
- Therefore, on November 1 of the same year, he prepared a manifesto to convene the nationwide Sakaya Kaigi in Osaka on May 1 of the following year, 1882, in order to call for tax cuts and free business.
- 蜂起中に困民党メンバーやその同調者が使用したとされる「自由自治元年」という'年号'は、日本史上、最終期の私年号と考えられている。
- The name of the era, 'First year of Free Autonomy' used by the Konminto Party members and their sympathizers, was regarded as a shinengo (private name of a era) in the end term in Japanese history.
- その性格を反映して、雪篷の書風は自由奔放で大胆と伝えられており、今でも数点の書が鹿児島県立図書館に所蔵されているので実見できる。
- Reflecting his personality, his style of calligraphy is said to be free and bold; there are a few of his works in the possession of Kagoshima Prefectural Library for public displays.
- 流人とはいえ、乳母の比企尼や母の実家である熱田大宮司の援助を受け、狩りを楽しむなど比較的安定した自由な生活をしていたと思われる。
- It is believed that, even though he was in exile, he was able to spend a relatively stable and free way of life, enjoying hunting, as he received assistance from Atsuta Daiguji (the highest priest serving at Atsuta Shrine in Owari Province), which was his mother's parental home, and Hikinoama, menoto (a woman providing breast-feeding to a highborn baby).
- 敵が毛利輝元・上杉景勝などに絞られると、四国切り取り自由の約定を反故とし、土佐一国と阿波二郡を安堵するので兵を引くように命じた。
- When Nobunaga's enemies were narrowed down to Terumoto MORI, Kagekatsu UESUGI, and others, he tore up the permission for Motochika to freely conquer other provinces in Shikoku, and ordered Motochika to withdraw his troops, giving Motochika the right to rule Tosa Province and the 2 counties of Awa.
- 大同団結運動（だいどうだんけつうんどう）とは、1887年－1889年に発生した帝国議会開設に備えた自由民権運動各派による統一運動。
- The movement to unite for a common purpose refers to a unification movement took place between 1887 and 1889 among factions of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement to prepare for the establishment of the Imperial Diet.
- これに対して、10月4日GHQから「政治的・民事的・宗教的自由に対する制限撤廃の覚書」を突き付けられ、窮した内閣は翌日総辞職した。
- On October 4, the 'Memorandum on the Removal of Restrictions on Political, Civilian and Religious Freedom' was sent by GHQ to the cabinet, which found itself in a difficult position and resigned en mass the following day.
- その一方で、超然主義を支持する他会派とは違い、自由民権運動系の政党への敵意は弱く、第1次大隈内閣に対しては好意的な中立を維持した。
- On the other hand, it was different from other factions that supported the nonparty principle, and with less hostility toward parties for the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, it favorably maintained neutrality toward the first Okuma Cabinet.
- ただし、一家創立によって戸主になった者は自由に廃家できたが、家督相続により戸主になった者が廃家する場合は裁判所の許可を必要とした。
- However, a head of a family who had created his own household can abolish the household without any inhibition but a head of a family who had become successor needed permission from a law court to abolish the household.
- 国粋主義、農本主義的立場から、薩長藩閥とも板垣退助ら自由民権運動とも異なる保守的な中正主義で、土佐派の重鎮として重きをなしていた。
- From the standpoints of nationalism and agricultural fundamentalism, he took a conservative moderate policy that was different from the Satsuma-Choshu domain clique and the Freedom and People's Rights Movement led by Taisuke ITAGAKI, and he was thought highly as a leading figure of the Tosa School.
- が、藩閥主導の政治を変えるためには土佐の保守派と自由民権派が手を携えるべきであると考えて両者の提携に尽力したが、志半ばで病死した。
- However, he thought that conservatives in Tosa and advocates of Freedom and Popular Rights needed to joined together to change politics led by domain cliques and made efforts for alliance between the both parties, but he died of illness without fulfilling his life ambition.
- 洛東探訪 醍醐・東山(Wコース)南禅寺・醍醐寺三宝院・青蓮院・高台寺・ねねの道(自由散策)リーガロイヤルホテルにてランチバイキング
- Rakuto Tour: Daigo/ Higashiyama (W course): Nanzen-ji Temple, Daigo-ji Temple, Shoren-in Temple, Kodai-ji Temple, Nene no michi (Nene's road) (free time), lunch at Rihga Royal Hotel Kyoto
- 2008年（平成20年） - 南側に府内最大のショッピングモールができるため、南北自由通路を延伸させる予定（補正予算が組まれる）。
- 2008: It was scheduled to extend the Nanboku-Jiyu-Tsuro because the construction of a new shopping mall, which will be the biggest mall in the prefecture, is planned for the south side of the station.
- 立憲問題では初めは制定に反対であったが、自由民権運動の高まりや井上毅の具申を受けて方針をかえ、大日本帝国憲法の制定に向けて尽力した。
- Although he originally opposed the idea of a constitution, he changed his policy in response to the growing movement for civic rights and freedom and also to the opinion of Kowashi INOUE. He also devoted himself to the establishment of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 自由民権運動の弾圧や、大逆事件を積極的に推し進めたこと、宮中某重大事件での宮中への必要以上の容喙等から山縣の人気は生前から低かった。
- Yamagata in his lifetime was unpopular because he suppressed democratic rights movements, aggressively fomented high treason and unnecessarily trusted the Imperial Court when the certain serious incident occurred.
- 政治運動に命をかけるという人物モデルにもなり、自由民権運動の活動家や、明治社会主義者の一部にも「志士」という理想像が共有されていた。
- The term 'Shishi' came to symbolize a person who puts his life towards political activity, such as the activists for Civic Rights, and Meiji Period socialists.
- いっぽう板垣は参議就任により、愛国社創立運動の失敗を招いたため、自由民権派から背信行為を厳しく糾弾され、釈明に追われることとなった。
- On the other hand, Itagaki's assumption of office as Sangi caused the movement of the formation of Aikokusha (literally, the Society of Patriots) to fail, so he was severely criticized by the Jiyu Minken fraction for his betrayal and pressed to offer vindication.
- 後には、その他の多くの国からなだれ込んだが、彼らは経済的可能性や宗教的及び政治的自由が大きいという噂に見せられてやってきたのだった。
- Later, those from many other countries flocked to the United States because they were attracted by reports of great economic opportunities and religious and political freedom.
- 1968年、形骸化した学問の自由と大学の自治の回復を目的として、故・岡本清一初代学長を中心に、現在の所在地に京都精華短期大学を開設。
- In 1968, the first president--the late Seiichi OKAMOTO--took the lead in founding Kyoto Seika Junior College for the purpose of offering freedom from framework study and the restoration of the student council.
- 利休の茶室に見られる近代的とも言える合理性と自由さは、単に数奇屋建築にとどまらず、現代に至るまで日本の建築に大きな影響を及ぼしてきた。
- Rationality and freedom in design of Rikyu's teahouses could be called almost modern, and have a great influence not only on the Sukiya style architecture but also on the general Japanese architecture up until today.
- この法令は、江戸問屋の保護と物価高騰の抑制を目的としていたが、すぐに列強各国から、条約に規定する自由貿易を妨げる、と強い反発を受けた。
- Although this law was intended to protect warehouse merchants in Edo and to control steep price rise, it immediately met with strong opposition from powerful countries insisting that the law would hamper free trade policy as specified in the treaties.
- まもなく伊藤は侍補の廃止を決断する一方、高まる自由民権運動に対抗するために道徳教育の強化には同意して政府の教育政策の継続が認められた。
- Soon Ito decided to abolish the role of jiho but agreed to strengthen moral education to hold out against the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) and decided to allow the continuation of the government's education policy.
- 与党となった憲政党のうち、旧進歩党 (日本)系の大隈を首相に、旧自由党 (日本)系の板垣退助を特に内務大臣 (日本)に迎えて組織した。
- Among the Constitutional Party in power, the cabinet was organized with OKUMA from the former Progressive Party (Japan) as the Prime Minister and Taisuke ITAGAKI from the former Liberal Party (Japan) as Minister of Home Affairs.
- アメリカ合衆国は石炭補給基地の確保や、日本沿岸で漂流した自国民やその財産の保護、日本との自由貿易などの理由で日本との通商を試みていた。
- The United States of America reached out Japan for the purpose of establishing free trade, securing a coal supply-base, and protecting American castaways and their property, and freely trading with Japan.
- この質的な水準を維持する精神的な基盤として京都大学では「自由の学風」を謳っており、学問領域以外でも学生自治活動等が活発に行われている。
- This high quality is kept on the spiritual basis of 'academic freedom', the motto of Kyoto University, and this spirit can be seen in, besides the academic field, energetic activities, such as those of the student autonomy.
- 駅舎改築中は京都側に仮駅舎・仮跨線橋を設置して対応していたが、2008年4月12日より新しい橋上駅舎及び南北自由通路の供用を開始した。
- During the period of renovation work of the station building, the temporary station building and overpass were set on the Kyoto side of the station, but on April 12, 2008, a new station building on the bridge and the free passage that runs north and south were placed in service.
- 政府は自由党を刺激するのを避けるために植木の容疑は不問として、檄文に署名した島根県の小原鉄臣ら酒造業者5名のみを不応為罪で禁錮刑とした。
- In an attempt to avoid stimulating the Liberal Party, the government sentenced only Tetsuomi KOHARA and four other brewers from Shimane Prefecture who signed the manifesto to imprisonment for fuoizai (a minor offense), without charging Ueki with anything.
- この点、日本は鎖国とはいえ完全に国を閉ざしたわけではなく、キリスト教以外はオランダ語を通じて自由に諸外国の情勢や最新の学問を研究できた。
- Despite being under seclusionism, Japan had not closed the country completely, giving people the freedom to learn about the state of affairs of foreign countries as well as the latest studies, excluding Christianity through the Dutch language.
- 改正運動は執拗に続き、大正11年（1922年）3月には集会の自由を禁じた第5条2項の改正に至った（新婦人協会治安警察法第五条改正運動）。
- The movement for the amendment to the law lasted and at last in March 1922 it led to the amendment of the second clause of Article 5 that prohibited freedom of assembly (the Association of New Women's campaign for the amendment to Security Police Law, Article 5).
- これに酒造業者は激しく反発して自由民権運動に参加するものが相次ぐが、松方財政による米価低迷が日本酒の価格下落を招き、運動は停滞していった。
- This tax hike met strong backlash from breweries, leading many of them to be involved in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, but as the decline in rice prices due to the Matsukata Finance resulted in lower sake prices, the movement lost momentum.
- 様々な制限があったとしても、各地の府県会が自由民権運動派の政府攻撃の拠点となったことは、府県会自治が空虚な器でなかったことを意味している。
- Even though there were various limitations, the fact that the prefectural assemblies all over the country became the bases for the Jiyu Minken Undo sects to criticize and attack the government means that the autonomy of prefectural assemblies was not a hollow gesture.
- とくに加波山事件は、｢完全なる立憲政体を造出」するため「自由の公敵たる専制政府」を打倒すると公言した武装蜂起で、政府に大きな衝撃を与えた。
- Particularly, the Kabasan Incident was an armed uprising with an avowed slogan of 'defeating the government, the enemy of freedom' in order to 'establish perfect constitutional system of government' and gave a great blow to the government.
- 『自由党史』 上．下巻 板垣退助監修、宇田友猪、和田三郎共編、五車楼、1910年、岩波文庫上.中.下巻 初版1958年.1997年ほか復刊
- 'Jiyuto Shi'(The history of Liberal Party), supervised by Taisuke ITAGAKI, co-edited by Tomoi UDA and Saburo WADA, published by 五車楼, 1910 (also published as Iwanami bunko of Vol.1, 2, and 3, 1958 for the first edition, and revived in 1997 etc.)
- しかし『明六雑誌』の啓蒙主義は、迷信や因習に縛られない自由で合理的な精神を追求し、欲望や利害に関し肯定的な功利主義に立つ人間像をもっていた。
- However, the philosophy of enlightenment in 'Meiroku Zasshi' had an image of human who sought a free rational sprit independent from superstition and convention and stood on utilitarianism which was affirmative for desires and interests.
- また俗語や歌語ならざる語を歌のなかに取入れるなどの自由な詠みくちもその特色で、当時の俗謡や小唄の影響を受けているのではないかという説もある。
- The other characteristics of Saigyo's poems is an unrestrained use of slang and other expressions not considered to be part of poetry vocabulary; and, some argue that he may have been influenced by folk songs and a traditional popular song accompanied on the samisen that were popular in those days.
- 実際にこの勢力の主流は後の進歩党 (明治)・憲政本党・立憲国民党・憲政会と続く「反自由党」・「反政友会」の第2党勢力の母胎となっていくのである。
- The main current of this force became a parent organization of 'Anti Liberal Party' and 'Anti Seiyu Party' which were second party force to continue to latter-day Shinpo-to Party (Progressive Party) (in Meiji), Kensei honto Party, Rikken Kokumin-to Party, Kenseikai political Party.
- また帰国してから2年後、鉄幹との共著『巴里より』で、「（上略）要求すべき正当な第一の権利は教育の自由である。」と、女性教育の必要性などを説いた。
- Two years after returning to Japan, she wrote a book with Tekkan called 'Pari yori' (From Paris) in which she argued the necessity of education for women, stating '(snip) the first legitimate right to claim is the freedom of education.'
- 良民は、高級官僚である貴族を初め、下級官人、一般の百姓（公民と呼ばれることもあった）、雑色人（品部・雑戸という工芸技術を持つ半自由民）があった。
- The ryomin included the nobles, who were high-ranking officials; low-ranking officials; general peasants, who were sometimes called 'public people'; and lower level functionaries, including semi-free skilled craftsmen known as 'shinabe' and 'zakko.'
- 大正デモクラシー運動（あるいは単に大正デモクラシー）は、大正時代に興った日本全体を巻き込む民主主義的あるいは自由主義的な風潮・思潮の総称である。
- The Taisho Democracy movement (or Taisho Democracy for short) is a name given collectively to the social climate and thought oriented toward democracy and freedom that emerged during the Taisho period and swept the entire country.
- 暴行、脅迫、監禁その他精神又は身体の自由を不当に拘束する手段によつて、職業紹介、労働者の募集若しくは労働者の供給を行つた者又はこれらに従事した者
- a person who has carried out or engaged in employment placement, labor recruitment or labor supply by means of violence, intimidation, confinement or other unjust restraint on mental or physical freedom;
- その後、病気のために一時故郷高知県に戻って静養していたとき、板垣退助が征韓論政変で下野して自由民権運動を起こすために立志社 (明治)を結成した。
- He had returned to his hometown in Kochi Prefecture temporarily and was recuperating from his illness while Taisuke ITAGAKI resigned his position as the result of political upheaval caused by Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea) and organized Risshisha (Meiji Period) to start the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- ただし、兵庫県内 - 岡山県内相互間（滝野社インターチェンジ - 津山駅相互間）の利用は、空席がある場合に限られ、自由席となり、予約はできない。
- However, between internal Hyogo Prefecture to internal Okayama Prefecture (between Takinoyashiro Interchange and Tsuyama Station) seats become non-reserved only when there are vacancies, and reservation is not available.
- それに合わせて、若狭本郷・若狭高浜～京都市内間を、同列車などの普通車自由席を使って移動できる「京都往復割引きっぷ」が新設された（6,000円）。
- Concurrently, 'Kyoto Discount Round Trip Ticket,' which permits unlimited use for travel between Wakasa-Hongo/Wakasa-Takahama and Kyoto City by using the non-reserved seats of ordinary cars of limited express trains, including this service (6,000 yen).
- 森の夫婦同等論は、夫婦同権論にまで踏み込むものでは無かったが、その後自由民権運動などと交叉する中で婦権拡張論として受け取られるようになっていった。
- Mori's idea on the equal between husband and wife did not develop to an idea of the equal rights between husband and wife, but it became to be received as an opinion to expand women's rights, related with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and so on later.
- 1881年5月、高知県の酒造業者300名が政府に対して造酒税の引下げ嘆願を提出するとともに、地元出身の自由民権運動の指導者植木枝盛に助力を求めた。
- In May 1881, 300 brewers from Kochi Prefecture presented the government with a petition for the reduction of sake brewing tax and at the same time sought cooperation from Emori UEKI who was the leader of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and was also from Kochi.
- だが、条約改正の本格化とともに漸進的改正論を唱える自由党との距離を置いて、対外硬派の立場から国民協会_(日本)や新興の大日本協会との関係を強める。
- With the treaty revision under way in earnest, however, the party distanced itself from the Liberal Party, which advocated the idea of gradual treaty revision, and because of its hard-line stance toward foreign nations, it strengthened the ties with the Kokumin Kyokai (National Association [Japan]) and burgeoning Dai Nihon Kyokai (Society for Greater Japan).
- 1880年に入ると、立憲体制に消極的であった岩倉も自由民権運動への対応から、参議や諸卿から今後の立憲体制導入の手法について意見を求めることにした。
- From 1880, Iwakura, who was in a passive attitude to constitutional government started to request opinions from Sangi (councilor) and ministers to deal with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- 翌・明治14年（1881年）に自由民権運動に歯止めをかけようとした伊藤博文らにより、いわゆる明治十四年の政変が起き、大隈重信が政府から追放された。
- In the next year, 1881, in order to stop the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, Hirobumi ITO and others initiated Meiji juyonen no seihen and expelled Shigenobu OKUMA from the government.
- ホーム有効長は6両（駅が4代目駅舎となり南北自由通路が通行可能になった1990年代後半より以前には烏丸口に有人個別対応の券売窓口が存在していた）。
- The platform's effective length is six cars (until the latter half of 1990s, when the Nanboku-Jiyu-Tsuro became available, there was a ticket booth at Karasuma-guchi (Karasuma entrance/exit), at which a teller would attend to individual passengers).
- こうした在地領主の賦課に地域の百姓が公事の名目で負担の義務に応じることで地域の構成員・自由民としての権利が与えられるという図式は長く地域に根付いた。
- The pattern that local peasants accepted to bear the load in name of kuji imposed by local lord in exchange for a right of constituent member of the province as well as free people took root in the province for long time.
- 1874年の民撰議院設立建白書以降、藩閥政府による政治に対して、議会の開設、地租の軽減、不平等条約の改正、言論と集会の自由の保障などの要求を掲げた。
- The movement began when a petition for the establishment of an elected national assembly was filed in 1874 calling for a Diet, the land-tax reductions, the revision of the unequal treaties, and freedom of speech and assembly in opposition to the han clique-dominated government.
- が、空知に送られてからは良い看守に当たったこともあって一貫して模範囚であり、最後には刑務所の敷地内を自由に移動できるほど信頼の置かれた状況となった。
- However, after he was transferred to Sorachi (Asahikawa, Hokkaido), due to the encounter with a good prison guard and other factors, he was consistently an exemplary prisoner, and finally he became so highly trusted that he enjoyed entire freedom of movement on the premises of the prison.
- 桂川家は、第6代将軍徳川家宣から代々将軍家に仕える幕府奥医師であり、特に外科の最高の地位である法眼を務め、その為蘭学書を自由に読む事が許されていた。
- The Katsuragawa family was a Shogunate Oku-ishi (inner physicians, doctors who treated the Tokugawa family) for generations since the sixth Shogun, Ienobu TOKUGAWA and they served as a Hogen (the second highest rank for Buddhist priests) which was the highest rank for surgeons, and therefore they were allowed to read books for Western studies freely.
- 逆に第2次松方内閣では立憲改進党の後身である進歩党_(明治)との事実上の連立体制（松隈内閣）が形成されてこれを自由党が攻撃するという構図も形成される。
- The practical coalition cabinet was formed as the Progressive Party (in the Meiji Period) which was the Constitutional Progressive Party (the Showai Cabinet (Sho was defined as Masayoshi MATSUKATA while Wai was Shigenobu OKUMA)) in the Second Matsukata Cabinet, and the Liberal Party attacked them.
- しかし旧自由党 (日本)と旧進歩党 (日本)の間に対立が生じ、また文相尾崎行雄が共和演説事件をきっかけに辞職すると後任人事をめぐって対立はさらに激化。
- However, the old Liberal Party (Japan) and the old Progressive Party (Japan) formed an opposition, and the Minister of Education, Yukio OZAKI, resigned due to the Kyowa Speech Affair, and antagonism concerning the succession of personnel became much more severe.
- 原田実はさらに『真清探當證』（ますみたんとうしょう）・『伊未自由来記』（いみじ・ゆらいき）・『肯搆泉達録』（かんかんせんだつろく）の三書をあげている。
- Additionally, Minoru HARADA mentioned three books: 'Masumi Tantosho,' 'Imiji Yuraiki' and 'Kankansen Datsuroku.'
- 当時の新聞紙上では私学の自由を犯すものであるという見解が出る一方で、そもそもこの思想を教授した方法に問題があったのではないかという擁護論も交わされた。
- On the newspaper at that time there were opinions that the measure would hamper freedom of private schools, but on the other hand, some people supported the measure because they thought there might have been a problem in the way to teach the thought.
- その後任をめぐって旧進歩党_(日本)・旧自由党_(日本)両派の対立は深刻化し、妥協点を見出せないまま、大隈首相は独断で進歩派から犬養毅を後任に推した。
- While the confliction over the successor between the both former Progressive and the former Liberal factions (Japan) became worse, it could not reach a compromise, Prime Minister OKUMA recommended Tsuyoshi INUKAI for the successor from the Progressives on his own authority.
- この法律で、障害児施設支援とは、知的障害児施設支援、知的障害児通園施設支援、盲ろうあ児施設支援、肢体不自由児施設支援及び重症心身障害児施設支援をいう。
- The term "institutional support for disabled children" as used in this Act shall mean institutional support for mentally retarded children, institutional daycare support for mentally retarded children, institutional support for blind or deaf children, institutional support for orthopedically impaired children, and institutional support for severely-retarded children.
- 肢体不自由児施設・東大寺整肢園と重症心身障害児施設・東大寺光明園、及び重症心身障害児者通園施設・華の明から成り、障害を持つ子供たちの療育を行っている。
- Facilities include 'Todai-ji Seishi En,' the center for orthopedically-impaired children, 'Todai-ji Komyo En,' the center for severe mentally and physically handicapped children, and 'Hananoakari,' the day-care center for severe mentally and physically handicapped children; they provides special education for children with disabilities.
- この事件については立志社の指導者である板垣退助・後藤象二郎らは無関係で片岡も林ら過激な首謀者の巻き添えとなったとする見解が『自由党史』以来の通説である。
- Ever since the 'History of the Liberal Party' was compiled, the consensus has been that Taisuke ITAGAKI and Shojiro GOTO, leaders of the Rishisha, had nothing to do with the plot and that KATAOKA and HAYASHI were just associated with the radical ringleaders.
- 帝国議会の開設に合わせて、旧自由民権運動諸派の間で大同団結運動が発生すると、同運動に反対する保守的な議員達もこれに対抗するために結集を果たすようになる。
- In time with the opening of the Imperial Diet, a movement to the Daido assembly happened among the old minor parties supporting the Jiyu Minken Undo on the sidelines of opening of the Imperial Diet, the conservative councilors who opposed the movement assembled in a move to counteract them.
- その見方を世間に定着させることになったのは、この事件の直後から主として藩閥政治に批判的で自由民権運動に共感する講談師たちが語り始めた伝三郎の伝記だった。
- This view was established by Kodan-shi (professional storytellers) who, critical of the clan-dominated political system and empathizing with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, started telling Denzaburo's biography right after the case.
- だが、1893年頃から国民協会_(日本)と結んで対外硬路線を唱えて、現実路線に転じた自由党と対決姿勢を示し、星亨衆議院議長不信任問題で全面衝突に至った。
- However, around 1893 onwards, the party started to take the hard-line policy to tackle with foreign affairs, along with Kokumin Kyokai (National Association), and this conflicted with the Liberal party, who had shifted its position to a realistic stance, to lead a full scale confrontation by both parties, over a non-confident vote to Toru HOSHI, the chairman of the House of Representative.
- 酒造りを自由経済原理に任せてしまうと、小さな酒蔵が原料米を確保できなかったり、大きな酒屋が食糧米を酒に加工して囲い込んでしまうといった事態が恐れられた。
- Leaving the sake brewing to free economy mechanisms might cause situations where small sake breweries would not be able to obtain genryo mai (a rice type used for sake production) and where big sake breweries would keep edible varieties of rice to themselves for brewing sake.
- 1988年 ロナルド・レーガン大統領が『市民自由法』に署名し、人種差別に基づく日系人強制収容の事実の謝罪と一人につき2万ドルの補償をおこなうことを決定。
- In 1988, Ronald REAGAN signed the 'Civil Liberties Act,' deciding to apologize for the Japanese American Internment based on racial discrimination and to grant the survivors 20,000 dollars per person in compensation.
- だが、無所属や独立倶楽部、立憲革新党といった比較的少数政党を渡り歩いた庸之助は自由党の候補者によって第3回・第5回の総選挙において苦杯を嘗めさせられた。
- But Yonosuke was once an independent statesman or otherwise belonged to the relatively small parties like the Dokuritsu Kurabu (Independent Club) or the Rikken Kakushinto (Constitutional Reformist Party) and roved from one party after another, he was made to drink a bitter cup in the third and the fifth general election by the candidates of the Jiyuto (Liberal Party).
- JRは、民営化によって旧国鉄時代に比べて自由に事業が実施できるようになったため、大都市部の主要駅を中心に、多くのテナントが駅舎内に展開するようになった。
- Because JR Group is now able to conduct business more freely due to privatization compared to the JNR era, many tenants are developing stores in yards especially of major stations in urban areas.
- しかし、江戸時代の封建意識そのままの各地の不平士族たちを出仕させ、自由に発言させただけでは、維新の方針とも現実的な可能性とも乖離（かいり）し過ぎていた。
- Yet an assembly of discontent samurai from the countryside with feudalistic consciousness in the Edo period ended in meaningless free speeches and radically differed from the restoration philosophy and its realistic possibilities.
- 結果として九鬼の活動した地方では奈良県の4増をはじめ政府系候補が10議席増加し、自由党 (日本)の大物である大井憲太郎を落選に追い込むなどの成果を収めた。
- As a result, the number of seats of government-affiliated candidates increased by ten seats in the areas where Kuki conducted election campaigns, including four seats in Nara, and Kuki also succeeded in making a big-shot politician from the Liberal Party (Japan), Kentaro OI, lose the election.
- 千利休が大成させた茶道を継承しつつ、大胆かつ自由な気風を好み、茶器製作・建築・造園などにわたって「織部好み」と呼ばれる一大流行を安土桃山時代にもたらした。
- While following the footsteps of SEN no Rikyu, who brought the art of tea ceremony to perfection, he also developed a lively and creative style of art and created an art trend known as the Oribe style in pottery, architecture and gardening during the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
- そこで「本来の季語、季題の役割は、通時的／共時的な詩的機能を引き出すためのものであって、あたかも軛のごとく自由を束縛するものではない」と問題を提起している。
- There, he reached out to audience and asked them to think about the role of the kigo by stating, 'The original role of the kigo and the kidai (seasonal theme) is to draw out the diachronic or synchronic functionality of the poem, and not to act as a yoke to constrain freedom.'
- 明治十四年の政変によって、自由民権運動に好意的と見られてきた大隈をはじめとする政府内の急進派が一掃され、政府は伊藤博文を中心とする体制を固める事に成功した。
- The 1881 Political Crisis drove off the radicals, which supported the freedom and popular rights movement, including Okuma, and helped the government establish a firm regime that had Hirobumi ITO as the central figure.
- 1873年（明治6年）、芸娼妓解放令が出されたが、娼婦が自由意思で営業しているというたてまえになっただけで、前借金に縛られた境遇という実態は変わらなかった。
- In 1873, the emancipation of prostitute act was issued, but it was only claimed in theory that prostitutes worked by their free will, and the actual condition that they were in the circumstances of being over head and ears in debt was not changed.
- しかし、政府は「神道は宗教ではない」(神社非宗教論)という公権法解釈に立脚し、憲法の信教の自由とは矛盾しないという「強弁」をして、これを公式見解としていた。
- However, the government was based on an official interpretation that 'Shinto was not a religion' ('Jinjahishukyoron' in Japanese), 'insisting' that it did not contradict the freedom of religion stipulated in the constitution and making this its official position.
- 篆刻には篆書以外にも隷書・楷書・行書・草書・大和古印体・仮名 (文字)・梵字など自由闊達に用い、印材も多様で石印以外に鋳造印・陶印・木印などを製作している。
- For Tenkoku, other than Tensho (the ancient seal style of writing), he freely and vigorously used Reisho (the demotic semi-square style of writing), Kaisho (the block style of writing), Gyosho (the semi-cursive style of writing), Sosho (the fully cursive style of writing), Yamato kointai (the old seal style of writing created in Japan), Kana (Moji) (Japanese syllabary characters), Bonji (Sanskrit characters), etc, and not only stone seal, he created seals with various materials, such as casting seal, ceramic seal, wood seal, etc.
- これらは箏曲本来の気品と雅楽的な古雅さを備え、一方で音楽的にはより自由な展開をさせ、近代的ともいえる印象的描写性もみられ、よく独自のスタイルを確立している。
- These works had the grace of koto pieces and the traditional elegance of gagaku, while musically they allowed freer development and showed an almost modern impressive portrayal, establishing a distinctive style.
- 従来の自動書記では天明自身が中止しようと思えば中止出来たが、今回の場合は中止しようとすれば更に右腕の激痛が耐えられぬほどになり全く自由にならなかったという。
- Normally he had been able to stop automatic writing by his will, but at that time, the more he tried to stop, the more pain he got in his right arm and he couldn't stop.
- 自由党 (明治)に対抗する新党結成構想が硬六派の間で進められると、これに呼応して1896年2月に解散、所属議員は同年3月1日の進歩党 (明治)結成に参加した。
- They were dissolved in February of 1896 in response to their plan to form a new party to compete wih the Liberal Party (Meiji), and it's Diet members joined the formation of the Progressive Party (Meiji) on March 1 of the same year.
- 実際に初代衆議院議長の中島信行は海援隊以来の親友であり、またかつて部下であった立憲自由党の実力者星亨とは終生親交が厚く、このつながりが議会対策に役立っている。
- In fact, Nobuyuki NAKAJIMA, the first chairman of the House of Representatives, was Mutsu's close friend since the time of Kaientai, and Mutsu also kept through his lifetime a close friendship with Toru HOSHI, a kingmaker in Rikken Jiyuto (a political party) who was also Mutsu's subordinate once; such connections helped Mutsu in his parliamentary affairs.
- 翌年にはさらに、井上馨による欧化主義を基本とした外交政策に対し、外交策の転換・言論集会の自由・地租軽減を要求した三大事件建白運動が起り民権運動は激しさを増した。
- The movement further intensified as the 1887 political movement broke out, calling for the switch of the foreign policy, freedom of speech and assembly, the land-tax reduction, in responses to Kaoru INOUE's foreign policy that placed importance on Westernization.
- もっとも、先述した様に侍は自弁である為、軍装に関してはかなりの自由裁量が認められており、弓・鉄砲又は槍の替わりに薙刀を武家奉公人に持たす事で様々な武器を扱った。
- However, since each samurai paid his own expences during the military service as mentioned before, the war outfit was almost left to the discretion of individuals; each samurai used various arms such as a bow, a gun, a spear or even a Japanese halberd carried by Buke hokonin.
- また、親による悔返は自由であったとは言え、後日の紛糾を避けるために予め所領の分与を定めた際に作成する譲状や処分状に悔返の要件を定めて自ら制約しようとした例もある。
- Although Kuikaeshi by parents did not have any restrictions, to prevent complications afterward, there were cases to include the conditions for Kuikaeshi in the letter of transfer or disposition which was created when the share of the property was decided.
- しかし、江戸時代中期以降、太平の時代に入ると、軍事機密の意味は無くなり、慢性的な財政難のため、家臣が禄を離れることは、枢要な人物で無い限り事実上自由になっていた。
- From the mid-Edo Period to the Taihei Period, military secrecy was no longer needed and ongoing financial difficulty made it possible for vassals to leave, unless they served in key positions.
- ところが、日清戦争や条約改正を巡って自由党と第2次伊藤内閣は協調関係に入り、却って立憲改進党と吏党が連携してそれを攻撃するという構図が形成されて民党に亀裂が生じた。
- However, because the Liberal Party entered into cooperative relationship with the Second Ito Cabinet about the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the revision of unequal treaties, the Progressive Constitutional Party cooperated with Rito and attacked them and appeared in Minto.
- 金銀複本位制（きんぎんふくほんいせい）とは、金貨・銀貨両方を本位貨幣としてその鋳造と輸出入の自由を保持し、なおかつ固定化した金銀比価を保持する通貨制度のことである。
- The gold and silver bimetallism refers to a currency system where both gold and silver coins are designated as standard money; freedom of minting, importing and exporting such money is maintained; and fixed exchange ratio between gold and silver is maintained
- 帰国後は国内で司法省付属代言人（弁護士）の第1号となって活躍し、明治14年（1881年）には自由党(明治)の議員（代議士）となり、政党政治の基礎作りの一翼を担った。
- After returning to Japan, HOSHI became the first lawyer under the Ministry of Justice and actively worked in Japan, and in 1881, he became a councilor (as parliamentarian) of the Liberal Party, and took part in building the foundation of party government.
- 当時の日本では、歴史学界内部に限れば冷静な議論が可能であったが、一歩外に出れば学問の自由は存在せず、政府、政治家、神道家、新聞が、学者の不敬を格好の攻撃材料とした。
- In Japan in those days, calm discussions were possible only within the academic circle of history, but there was no academic freedom outside the circle, and the government, politicians, shintoists and newspapers attacked the impiety of scholars.
- 幕藩体制維持のため各藩の拠点は一箇所の城下町に固定化され、更に領外への経済圏の自由な拡大が制約されたため、全国的な拠点とされた三都との間に格差が生じたと考えられる。
- Such a difference between the three major cities positioned as national centers and the rest of the cities is believed to have been deliberately brought about by the bakufu's policy to secure the shogunate system, by concentrating the center of each domain into a single castle town, and by restricting the free economic expansion of the city beyond the sphere of the domain.
- そこで、「納銭所会所」と呼ばれる一種の座を結成させて同業者間の協力組織を確立させるとともに幕府による保護・監督体制を強化して土倉や酒屋の自由な営業・廃業を規制した。
- Therefore, the bakufu allowed the Nosenkata to form a za (guild) called 'Nosendokoro kaisho' (meeting place for the Nosenkata) aiming to establish a cooperative system among the Nosenkata, and restricted the free trade and free closure of the doso and sakaya by strengthening the bakufu-led protection and supervising systems.
- 内藤魯一（ないとう ろいち、弘化3年8月8日 (旧暦)（1846年9月28日） - 明治44年（1911年）6月29日）は、幕末から明治にかけて活躍した自由民権家。
- Roichi NAITO (September 28, 1846 - June 29, 1911) is the Freedom and People's Rights Movement activist who played an active part from the end of Edo period through Meiji period.
- 同会専属の衆議院議員も存在したものの、協力関係にあった東洋自由党・国民協会_(日本)・政務調査会_(明治時代の政党)・同盟倶楽部などと掛け持ちであった議員が多かった。
- While some of the members were council members of the party, it included among it's members of the Dai Nihon Kyokai were lawmakers of the House of the Representatives, many of whom also belonged to other political parties that maintained cooperative relations with Dai Nihon Kyokai, including the Toyo Jiyuto (Oriental Liberal Party), the Kokumin Kyokai (National Association [Japan]), The Policy Affairs Research Council (a political party in the Meiji period), and the Domei Club (League Club).
- 1年後、有岡城は落城し孝高は家臣の栗山利安によって救出されたが、劣悪な環境の土牢に長期に渡って押し込められていたため脚部の関節に障害が残り、歩行がやや不自由になった。
- A year later, Arioka-jo Castle fell, whereby Yoshitaka was rescued by Toshiyasu KURIYAMA but since Yoshitaka had been confined in a dungeon with extremely poor living conditions for a prolonged period, he developed leg joint problems leaving him with a minor walking difficulty.
- その結果、西郷や板垣らの征韓派は一斉に下野（征韓論政変または明治六年政変）し、1874年の佐賀の乱から1877年の西南戦争に至る士族反乱や自由民権運動の起点となった。
- In consequence, Saigo, Itagaki and others who supported Seikanron went into opposition (this incident is called the 'Seikanron Coup' or the 'Coup of 1873'), and they became leaders of the revolt by Shizoku (family or person with samurai ancestors) from Saga War in 1874 to Satsuma Rebellion or the Freedom and People's Right Movement.
- 明治41年（1908年）には日露戦争後の自由主義・社会主義思想の勃興や弛緩した世情を危ぶみ、思想統制政策としての公布を仰ぎ、また地方政策では、地方改良運動を推進した。
- Concerned about the precariousness of society and the rise of the post-Russo-Japanese war liberalism and socialism, Tosuke in 1908 attempted to issue laws to control the people's thinking and also promoted local improvements as regional measures.
- 巻名は「大空をかよふまぼろし夢にだに見えこぬ魂（たま）の行く方たづねよ」（大空を自由に行き交う幻術士よ。夢にさえ姿の見えないあの人の魂の行方を捜し出しておくれ）に因む。
- The title of this chapter came from the poem, 'I want to ask the wizard traveling through the skies where the spirit is. I cannot see it even in my dreams.'
- また逮捕者十数名とはいえ、これは長らく、蘭学弾圧事件として捉えられてきたが、これは明治期の藤田茂吉『洋学東漸史』が、当時の自由民権運動との類推で事件を捉えたからである。
- This incident had been considered as a suppression of Western learning for a long time even though there were just more than a dozen arrestees, because 'Yogakutozenshi' written by Mokichi FUJITA in the Meiji period described this incident in relation with Movement for Liberty and People's Right by parity of reasoning.
- 日露戦争における日本の勝利はアジア諸国における国際的緊張関係の緩和要因となり、には東京で中国同盟会が結成されるなど民主主義的自由の獲得を目指した運動が本格化していった。
- Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War brought relaxation of international tensions in Asia, leading to the formation of the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance (Tongmenghui) in Tokyo in 1905 and other movements aspiring to winning democratic freedom.
- 自由党解党2日後の10月31日、下吉田（旧吉田町 (埼玉県)）の椋神社において決起集会が行われ、蜂起の目的のほか、役割表や軍律が制定され（下記参照）、蜂起が開始された。
- On October 31, two days after the dissolution of the Liberal Party, they held a rally in Muku Shrine in Shimoyoshida (former Yoshidamachi [Saitama Prefecture]), established the purpose of the uprising, a role chart and martial law.
- 重症心身障害児施設は、重度の知的障害及び重度の肢体不自由が重複している児童を入所させて、これを保護するとともに、治療及び日常生活の指導をすることを目的とする施設とする。
- An institution for severely-retarded children shall be a facility intended for admitting and protecting children with both sever mental retardation and sever Limb/Trunk Dysfunction, and providing therapy and daily life guidance to them.
- 無許可の任官や自由出家は所領を没収されるような大罪であったにもかかわらず、妻の実家足利氏の働きかけがあったのか、所領の一部と惣領職を没収されたのみの寛大な処置で済んだ。
- Although appointment without authority and becoming a priest without permission were high crimes that deserved confiscation of territories, he received only lenient treatment of confiscation of a part of his territory and soryo-shiki (clan leadership rights), perhaps because of approach by his wife's family home Ashikaga clan.
- これに対して日英通商航海条約の締結を間近に控えた第2次伊藤内閣は警戒感を強め、また衆議院第1党の自由党も条約改正に関しては政府の漸進主義に賛同していたために反発を強めた。
- The second Ito cabinet became wary of the situation with the signing of the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation near at hand, and the Liberal Party, which was the first party of the House of Representatives, strengthened the opposition from supporting the government's idea of step-by-step revisions to the treaty.
- だが、メンバーも多彩で慶應義塾系や自由党_(明治)結成時に分裂した嚶鳴社系、東京専門学校（現早稲田大学）の設立メンバーとなった小野梓のグループなど複雑な人脈が形成された。
- Among them, whose backgrounds were different in many ways, complicated webs of personal connections had eventually been formed to provide some groups, such as Keiogijuku group, Omeisha group (later divided when the Liberal party was established), and Azusa ONO (one of the founding members of Tokyo Senmon Gakko, current Waseda University) group.
- 「江戸時代の自由交通厳禁のために、地形上すでにあまたの方言があったところへさらに拍車がかかり、他藩人相互間では南蛮鴃舌(なんばんげきぜつ)としか聞こえない方言が多くなった。
- Prohibition of free traffic during the Edo period added to the differentiation of dialects that were already numerous because of geological isolation and some dialects sounded like nanbangekizetsu (foreign language) between people in different domains.
- 旧石器時代には縦長の剝片をはがし取るための石刃技法、横長の剝片をはぎ取っていく瀬戸内技法などがあるが、縄文時代の剝片剝離は比較的自由に石核を打ち割っており、規格性に乏しい。
- Techniques in the Paleolithic period include blade technique to remove vertically long flakes and Setouchi technique to remove horizontally long flakes, however, flakes in the Jomon period seem to be made more freely by hitting and cracking the core and there were not strict standards.
- このような身分移動を根拠に、江戸時代にある種の「自由」を見る考え方もあるが、身分制は、枠組みとしては強固であり、ある程度の流動性を前提にした柔軟性の高いシステムなのである。
- Some people seem to think that there was a kind of 'freedom' in the Edo period based on this class mobility, however, the class system was a rigid framework that was also a highly flexible system which allowed for mobility.
- 結果的にこの選挙での投票はかなわなかったものの、自由民権運動と結びつき、1880年9月20日に政府より区町村会法が発布され、区町村会選挙規則制定権が各区町村会で認められた。
- She, after all, could not vote in the election, however, her action was jointed to the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, and on September 20, 1880, Kuchsonkai ho (the law of municipal assembly) was issued, which gave each Kuchsonkai (municipal assembly) the right to make rules of its own election.
- その後1575年、四万十川の戦いで土佐を統一した元親は信長の重臣となった光秀を通じて、嫡男の弥三郎（後の信親）の烏帽子親として信の一字と、四国の切り取り自由の許可を貰った。
- After that in 1575, Motochika, completing the unification of Tosa after the Battle of Shimanto-gawa River, through the connection with Hidemitsu, who became a senior vassal of Nobunaga, was given a letter of Nobu (信) as eboshioya (a person who put on an eboshi in the case of genpuku ceremony) of Yasaburo (later Nobuchika), legitimate son of Nobunaga, and also was given a permission to freely conquer other provinces in Shikoku.
- 従来、上位者から下位者に対して共同体の一員としてまたは自由民としての権利保障のために課されていた公事という語が下位者から上位者に対する訴願に用いられた背景は次のとおりである。
- The following is the reason why the word 'kuji,' which originally meant a responsibility that was imposed by a higher-ranking person on a lower-ranking person in order to secure their right to be a member of the community or a free citizen, began to be used to mean an appeal to a higher-ranking person by a lower-ranking person:
- しかし上で見たように『明六雑誌』には自由民権運動についての論説がしばしば掲載され、各種新聞で多くの反響を呼び、植木枝盛のような熱狂的な支持者を生み出すきっかけともなっていた。
- However, as mentioned above, the articles on the Freedom and People's Rights Movement were often published on 'Meiroku Zasshi,' which evoked many responses on various newspapers and enthusiastic supporters such as Emori UEKI.
- 奥宮 健之（おくのみや けんし、1857年12月27日（安政4年11月12日 (旧暦)） - 1911年（明治44年）1月24日）は、自由民権運動で活躍した日本の社会運動家。
- Kenshi OKUNOMIYA (December 27, 1857 - January 24, 1911) was a social movement activist in Japan, who played an active part during Jiyu Minken Undo (the Freedom and People's Rights Movement).
- 自由の身となった覚馬は、京都府大参事・河田佐久馬の推挽により京都府庁に出仕、当時権大参事として府政の実権を握っていた槇村正直（のち京都府令・知事）の顧問として府治を指導した。
- After being set free, Kakuma served in Kyoto Prefectural Government thanks to the recommendation of Sakuma KAWADA, a Daisanji (second to a governor) of Kyoto Prefecture, and led the Kyoto government as an adviser of Masanao MAKIMURA (who later became the governor by Order of Kyoto Prefecture) who was taking the helm of the Kyoto government as a Gon Daisanji (second to a governor).
- また第5条では、軍人及び警官、神職僧侶や教員などと共に、女性が政党などの政治的な結社へ加入すること、また政治演説会へ参加し、あるいは主催するという、集会及び結社の自由を禁じた。
- And Article 5 banned women along with military men, policemen, Shinto priests and teachers from political associations such as political parties and prohibited freedom of assembly and association including joining or hosting political speech meetings.
- ということは、少なくも、「脱亜」という言葉が、福沢において「自由」「人権」「文明」「国権」「独立の気象」といった言葉と並ぶような、福沢のキーワードでなかったことを物語っている。
- It means at least that the word 'Datsu-A' was not a keyword in his mind unlike 'freedom,' 'human right,' 'civilization,' 'national power' and 'phenomenon of independence.'
- 自由民権運動の高まりの中で、主水は明治15年（1882年）6月、諏訪伊助、辰野宗治と連名で会津帝政党を設立、当時福島県令の三島通庸の三方道路建設に寄与、清水屋旅館事件に関わる。
- Amid the growing expansion of Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), Mondo founded Aizu Teisei Party (Aizu Imperialism Party) in the joint name with Isuke SUWA and Soji TATSUNO in June 1882, and contributed to the construction of Sanho Road by Michitsune MISHIMA, Fukushima Kenrei (prefectural governor) at the time, and got involved in the Shimizuya Ryokan Affair.
- なお、結果的に梯子を外された形となった後藤象二郎直系を中心とした集団は国民自由党を結成して吏党に転じるが、第1回総選挙で5議席しか獲得できなかったためにほとんど影響力は無かった。
- In the meantime, Shojiro GOTO and his followers consequently lost support and organized Kokumin Liberal Party (National Liberal Party), which turned into a government-leaning party; however, they could gain only five parliamentary seats in the first general election, which barely bestowed them much political clout.
- 今の教育は「文部省の専制的裁断に屈従した教育」であるから、それを「各自治体におけるそれらの教育委員の自由裁量に一任」し、それによって「教育が国民自身のものとなる」と主張している。
- She argued that education of the times was 'an education submissive to the Ministry of Education's despotic decisions' but it should be 'left to a discretionary power of the board of education of each municipality' in order to realize 'education for the people.'
- しかし、画才に恵まれ跡継ぎと見込んでいた長男・久蔵に先立たれ（長谷川派の勢力伸長を恐れた、狩野派による「暗殺」とも言われている）、晩年には事故により利き腕である右手の自由を失う。
- However, his eldest son, Kyuzo, who showed artistic talent and would have followed in his father's footsteps, died early (it is said that he was killed by a member of the Kano School who feared the power being gained by the Hasegawa School), and in his late life, an accident caused him to lose the use of his right arm.
- また江戸時代の藩は，半独立国的存在であったことを考えれば，現代においてパスポートを取得して海外旅行に行くようなもので，事実上届出さえすれば自由に旅行は可能であったとの見方もある。
- However, according to a different theory, people were actually able to travel without restraint as long as they made notification, which is like traveling abroad after getting a passport in modern times, considering the fact that domains in the Edo period were like semi-independent states..
- 黒田内閣の役目は、憲法制定と帝国議会開設によって再燃が予想された自由民権運動に対する取締り強化と、欧米列強との間に交わされたままとなっていた不平等条約の条約改正することであった。
- The purpose of Kuroda Cabinet was to enhance the control of Jiyu Minken Undo (democratic-rights movement) which would be rekindled due to the establishment of the constitution and the foundation of the imperial diet, and also to revise the unequal treaty which had been untouched since it was concluded with the allied western powers.
- 自害しようしたものの、体が不自由なため、上手く自害できず、また追手も太守の実弟ということで手が出せずいたところで「早う近づきて首を取れ」と歳久が言い暫くの後、原田甚次が首を取った。
- Although he tried to commit suicide, he could not do so due to his physical handicap; in addition, the army could not kill him right away, since it was led by his own brother, however, Jinji HARADA finally killed Toshihisa following Toshihisa's remark, 'Come here quickly and cut off my head.'
- 1875年（明治8年）10月、土佐の板垣退助が明治6年の政変に続いて明治政府を再び離脱し、国民を教化しつつ明治政府の外から自由主義的な議会制度を準備する運動を起こす道を歩み始めた。
- In October, 1875, Taisuke ITAGAKI from Tosa resigned from the Meiji Government for the second time following the political change which had happened in 1873, and while educating the nation's people, he initiated a course of action to prepare for the liberalization of parliamentary procedure from outside of the Meiji Government.
- 第七款 朝鮮の沿岸は島嶼岩礁が険しいため、きわめて危険であるので、日本の航海者が自由に沿岸を測量してその位置や深度を明らかにして地図を編纂して両国客船の安全な航海を可能とするべし。
- Provision 7 - because the rugged and precipitous coast of Korea is extremely dangerous, the Japanese navigators should be able to measure the coast freely and make up a map to show the position and the depth in order to ensure safety of the navigation of passenger boats of both countries.
- 地頭請は、不作の年でも約束額を領主・国司へ納入するといったリスクを負ってはいたが、一定額の年貢の他は自由収入とすることができたため、地頭にとって多大な利益をもたらすことが多かった。
- The subcontract system entailed the risk of having to make payments fixed by contracts to manorial lords and imperial officials even in poor crop years, but the amounts of crops exceeding fixed payments were treated as land stewards' private income, which often brought them considerable benefits.
- 1887年（明治20年）12月25日、三大事件建白運動や大同団結運動など自由民権運動の高揚に対し、皇居付近から「危険人物」を排除する事を目的とした保安条例が勅令によって公布された。
- On December 25, 1887, hoan jorei (regulations for the preservation of law and order), which aimed to remove 'security risk' from neighboring area of Imperial Palace was issued as an imperial edict, as Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), including Daido Danketsu Movement and Sandai Jiken Kenpaku Movement, heated up.
- いずれにしても、自由民権派による「第2の西南戦争」になる事を危惧した明治政府側は板垣・後藤に対する責任追及を避けて、「一部過激派」の暴走と規定することで事態の収拾を図ったとは言える。
- The Meiji Government, in any case, which had some misgivings about the possibility of 'another Satsuma Rebellion' started by the Freedom and the People's Rights Movement, avoided examining the responsibility of ITAGAKI and GOTO and settled the situation dismissing the case as the act of some extremists who went too far.
- また、この「良心」教育を具体的に実現するための教育理念として、「キリスト教主義」「自由主義」「国際主義」が掲げられ、これらを通じて「一国の良心」たる人物を輩出することを目指している。
- Additionally, the Doshisha established the fundamental educational ideals of 'Christian principles,' 'liberalism' and 'internationalism' in order to achieve the education of 'conscience'; through these ideals the Doshisha seeks to send forth those who are 'the nation's conscience.'
- The purpose is to educate people to develop a 'country with a conscience' based upon 'Christian principles,' 'liberalism,' and 'internationalism' as the philosophy of education to specifically realize 'conscience' education.
- And as the educational philosophy to realize this 'conscience' education concretely, 'Christian principles,' 'liberalism,' and 'internationalism' have been upheld, and it has aimed at fostering people as 'the nation's conscience' through these.
- 陸奥は非藩閥出身であり政府内部では伊藤の信頼によって政治的な基盤を得ているような状態であったが、逆に藩閥政治家とは敵対関係にあった自由党 (明治)の中島信行・星亨とは盟友関係にあった。
- Mutsu was from non-domain clique and gained political foundation inside the government only by Ito's confidence, but he was a sworn friend of Nobuyuki NAKAJIMA and Toru HOSHI who belonged to the Liberal Party (Meiji) that had an adversarial relationship with statesmen of domain cliques.
- さらに与党憲政党内旧自由党派の実力者星亨が、陸軍大臣桂太郎らと密かに連携して尾崎排除を計画、隈板内閣を嫌っていた伊藤博文の盟友伊東巳代治が社主を務める東京日日新聞も尾崎攻撃を開始した。
- Not only Toru HOSHI, an influential politician of the former Liberal faction of the ruling Constitutional Party, had a secret connection with Taro KATSURA, an Army Minister, to exclude OZAKI, but Tokyo Nichinichi Newspaper, owned by Miyoji ITO who was a sworn ally of Hirobumi ITO who hated the Wai-han Cabinet, launched attacks on OZAKI.
- いわゆる日本主義者が、『日本 (新聞)』を舞台に政府の外交方針と自由民権運動の民力休養路線の双方を批判して、強硬的な外交政策による不平等条約解消とその裏付けとなる軍事力の拡張を主張した。
- So-called 'Japanese nationalist' criticized the line of reducing the national burden which were the government diplomatic policies and the Freedom and People's Rights Movement in 'Japan (newspaper)' and advocated dissolution of unequal treaty with the forceful diplomacy and to expand the military force.
- 明治17年（1884年）初頭（1月下旬から2月上旬頃）には自由党 (日本)へ加入をするが、その手続きの後に党員の村上泰治から傲慢な態度を取られたため憤慨し、その後は関わりを持っていない。
- In early 1884 (from late January to early February), he joined the Liberal Party (of Japan), but he got angry with a domineering attitude shown by a party member, Taiji MURAKAMI after the entrance processing, so that he did not get involved in the party due to this incident.
- また文部大臣の森有礼の暗殺後、榎本武揚が文部大臣に移動して空席となった逓信大臣には、大同団結運動の主唱者であった後藤象二郎を充てて、同運動を骨抜きにすることで自由民権諸派の団結を阻止した。
- Also, as for the position of Minister of Communication which was vacant due to the transfer of Takeaki ENOMOTO to the Minister of Education after the former Minister of Education, Arinori MORI, was assassinated, KURODA appointed Shojiro GOTO, former advocate of the Great Merger Movement, in order to water down the movement and prevent the democratic-rights parties from getting together.
- ザビエルは京で「日本国王」に謁見し、布教の許可を得れば全国での布教が自由になると考えていたが、京は戦乱で荒れ果て、足利幕府の権威は失墜しており、後奈良天皇が居住する御所も荒れ放題であった。
- Xavier believed that he could have an audience with the 'Japanese King' in Kyoto and was granted permission for the freedom to spread his missionary work across Japan, but Kyoto was in turmoil from war, the authority of the Asikaga Shogunate in ruins, and the Imperial Palace where Emperor Gonara resided was in ruins.
- また1960年代までは出町柳方面行きホームの入口脇に売店があり、出札窓口を兼ねていたが、通常時は上下ホーム共に集札は乗務員と駅員によって車両ドア付近で行われており駅への出入は自由であった。
- Until the 1960s, although a shop situated beside the entrance of the platform for trains bound for Demachiyanagi Station served as a ticket window in addition to its regular one, going in and out of the station was free under normal circumstances because the inspection and collection of tickets was done by train crews and the station staff at the place near the train doors on both platforms.
- モダンな感じの駅舎が周囲の風景にマッチしていたが、京都～園部間完全複線化に向け、2008年度中に橋上駅へ改築される（同時に自由通路が設置されるとともに北側にも駅前広場が設けられる見込み）。
- The modern feeling of the station building matched the surrounding scenery, but in order to convert the entire line section between Kyoto Station and Sonobe Station into a double track, the building was to be converted in fiscal year 2008 into a different one centering its second-floor functions; at the same time, the free passage between the north and south entrance of the station and the public square in front of the station will be established to the north of the facility.
- 大久保利通死後の政局は、太政大臣三条実美・右大臣岩倉具視を擁して参議である伊藤博文・大隈重信らが支える明治政府と自由民権運動の対峙で推移していたが、明治政府の中では大きな問題が存在していた。
- In the political situation after Toshimichi OKUBO died, the confrontation was going on between Meiji government with Grand Minister Sanetomi SANJO and Minister of the Right Tomomi IWAKURA as leaders, and Councilors Hirobumi ITO and Shigenobu OKUMA as supporters, and the members of Freedom and People's Rights Movement, but there was a big problem within the Meiji government.
- 江藤新平が建白書の直後に士族反乱の佐賀の乱（1874年）を起こし、死刑となっていることで知られるように、この時期の自由民権運動は政府に反感を持つ士族らに基礎を置き、武力闘争と紙一重であった。
- As Shinpei Eto is known to have been executed for causing the Tosa War, a revolt by family with samurai ancestors in 1874, this period of the Jiyu Minken Undo movement was characterized by the antigovernment movement led by members of the former samurai class (Shizoku) and often erupted into violence.
- ただし、この時期においても愛知県春日井郡や石川県嶺北地方（現在は福井県）での反対闘争のように一揆の可能性を秘めながらも自由民権運動家などと連携して数年単位での合法的な反対闘争を続けた例もある。
- However, even in this period, some conflicts that took place in Kasugai County, Aichi Prefecture and Reihoku region, Ishikawa Prefecture (at present Fukui Prefecture), did have aspects of revolt but basically took a form of legal conflicts that lasted for several years in cooperation with those who were involved in Jiyu Minken Undo.
- 18世紀後半の天明期に、与謝蕪村は、あくまでも正風の真髄を護持しながらも、用語を広く自由に、近代的な感覚、即ち真実を踏まえての自然への感動と、生活への感動とを盛り上げ偉大なる「革新」を図った。
- In the Tenmei era in the latter half of the eighteenth century, Buson YOSA tried to make a great 'innovation' by keeping the essence of Shofu but allowing freer use of words and raised a modern sense, in other words, excitement towards nature and daily life grounded in reality.
- 言論、集会、結社の自由も、（国際世論への配慮のため）一部のキリスト教徒を除き大きく制限され、朝鮮警察事務をすべて日本軍に委任し、通常の警察でなく軍の憲兵（軍事警察）が一般警察官を兼ねるとした。
- Freedom of speech, assembly and association was strictly limited except a part of Christians (for consideration of international opinions), and all the Korean police administration was delegated to the Japanese army, of which kenpei (military police) doubled as general policemen instead of the regular police.
- これは事件の直後、小室信介（案外堂。1852 - 1885.8.25）というジャーナリストが岐阜で行った演説の題名「板垣死ストモ自由ハ死セズ」が、板垣自身の発言として世間に広まったものである。
- Although this was widely regarded as Itagaki's own remark, the phrase actually came from a speech titled 'Itagaki may die, but liberty never will!' made by a journalist Shinsuke KOMURO (also called himself Angaido, 1852 - August 25, 1885) in Gifu prefecture right after the incident.
- 在任中は、サンフランシスコ講和条約の首席全権代理、参議院自由党議員会長、自民党京都府議連初代会長（4期連続）などを務めた他、第三次から第五次吉田内閣で国務大臣を務めるなど国政の要職を歴任した。
- Whilst sitting as a Councilor, he served as a Deputy Minister Plenipotentiary at the time of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, as Chairperson of the Liberal Party Councilors in the Upper House, and the first Chairperson of the Liberal Party Kyoto Member Union (4 consecutive terms), and in other posts; in addition, he attended to important matters of state as Minister of State and other posts in the 3rd through to 5th Yoshida Cabinets.
- だが、自由民権運動の弾圧、松方財政による深刻なデフレーションの状況下でのこの欧化の動きは国内的には「貴族主義的」あるいは「上からの欧化」と見られてやがて左右の反政府派の攻撃の格好の標的となった。
- At the same time, this movement of Europeanization later made a fat target for attacks by right and left wings of an antigovernment party as it was domestically considered as 'aristocratic-ism' or 'Europeanization from above,' under the oppression of Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) and under the circumstance of the serious deflation caused by the Matsukata Finance.
- 閣僚ながら民党とも親交のある農商務大臣陸奥宗光の説得、買収によって立憲自由党の一部(土佐派)が予算案に賛同したために、最初の予算案は通過したものの、政費節減政策の実施を受け入れざるを得なかった。
- Although the first budget had passed because some of Constitutional Liberal Party members (the Tosa School) approved the budget due to persuasion and corruption by the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, Munemitsu MUTSU who was a Cabinet member but also close to Minto, he had to accept implementation of Government cost-cutting policy.
- 翌明治12年（1879年）に大蔵省を辞職し、翻訳業を手がけつつ新聞への投書や著述活動を行い、同年にはイギリスの『エコノミスト』誌を範とした『東京経済雑誌』を創刊し、自由主義の立場での論陣を張った。
- In 1879 he left the Ministry of Finance and wrote editorials and articles for newspapers while working as a translator, eventually launching his own magazine, the liberally aligned 'Tokyo Keizai Zasshi' (Tokyo Economics Magazine) modelled on the British 'Economist' magazine in the same year.
- また、ヤマト王権をめぐって主として愛好家により日本神話や記紀編年の自由な解釈に基づく「謎解き」に類する説が多く主張されているが、そのほぼ全ては史料批判を満たしていないものであり学問的価値に乏しい。
- Also, many theories of the 'mystery-solving' type, based on loose interpretations of Japanese mythology and the chronologies in the 'Kojiki' (Record of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihonshoki', have been asserted by Yamato Kingdom enthusiasts, but these nearly always fail to satisfy historical scrutiny and are of limited academic value.
- 大久保主導政府の急進的な改革に対する不満が、全国で顕在化し、佐賀の乱はじめ各地で士族の反乱、鹿児島県においては私学校党による県政の壟断を招き、また板垣らは愛国公党を結成して自由民権運動を始動した。
- Discontent with the radical reforms made by the Okubo government manifested itself all over the country: the Saga War broke out and warriors rose in revolt across the country; in Kagoshima Prefecture, the Shigakko (school mainly for warriors) party controlled the municipal government as they pleased; and Itagaki and his colleagues formed the Aikokukoto party to initiate the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Rights).
- 第二に、『自由民権運動』の看板を掲げながら、思想よりはむしろ感情で行動する失業士族の多い当時の日本の国情を踏まえれば、『政党政治の早期断行には「小党分立による国政の迷走」というリスクが伴う』こと。
- Secondly, 'the premature implementation of party government would involve a risk of 'political confusion caused by divisions between small parties,'' if Japan's then situation, in which many unemployed warriors took emotional rather than ideological action under the banner of 'the Movement for Liberty and People's Rights,' were taken into account.
- また、かつては昆虫採集は理科の自由研究の課題としてよく取り上げられたが、現在はこれが少なくなっている理由のひとつに、むやみに採集するより、しっかり観察することが大事だとの方向性の変換があげられる。
- Insect collecting used to be popular as a subject of students' science projects, however, it is not the case anymore; one of the reasons is the direction of education has shifted to emphasize the importance of a close observation of insects rather than a random colleciton of them.
- その間、1870年（明治3年）頃より地租改正を建議するとともに農民の土地売買の自由を唱えるなど当時としては画期的な提案を行い、1873年（明治6年）の地方官会議では議長を務めてその実現に貢献する。
- During that time, he made landmark proposals such as the Land Tax Reforms and liberalization of land sales for peasants from 1870, and he chaired the local administrative assembly and contributed to the achievement of his proposals in 1873.
- これに対して東洋自由党・同盟倶楽部・立憲改進党・国民協会_(日本)・政務調査会_(明治時代の政党)の5党派がこれに呼応して、「日英通商航海条約締結の反対」・「清国への早期開戦」を掲げて共闘を約した。
- East Liberal Party, Alliance Club, the Constitutional Progressive Party, National Association (Japan), and Policy Affairs Research Council (political party in the Meiji Period) were allied and advocated 'Opposition to the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation' and 'Quick Start of War against Qing' and form a united.
- それでもやはり八丈島での生活は不自由であったらしく、「偶然嵐のため八丈島に退避していた福島正則の家臣に酒を恵んでもらった話」や「八丈島の代官におにぎりを馳走してもらった話」などの逸話が伝わっている。
- Having said that, it seems living in Hachijo-jima Island was inconvenient for him, and he was the subject of anecdotes, such as 'he was given alcohol in charity by Masanori FUKUSHIMA's vassal who, by chance, had come to Hachijo-jima Island to take shelter from a storm,' and 'he was treated to rice balls by a local magistrate of Hachijo-jima Island.'
- はっきりした理由は西園寺自身述べていないが、名門西園寺家の当主であった彼は、娶るならば皇族、公家、大名家などの姫でなければならず、自由人であった西園寺がこうしたしがらみを嫌ったためとも言われている。
- Saionji himself never stated his reasons for doing so clearly, but it is said that because he was the head of the elite Saionji family, if he were to marry, his wife would have to have been a princess from the Imperial family, a court noble, or from a major daimyo family, and Saionji, being a liberalist, disliked such constraints.
- 近代国際法は「先占の原則」（早期発見国が領有権を有する原理）を特徴の一つとして持っていたので、「未開国」は自動的に「無主の地」とされ、そこに植民地を自由に設定できるということになる（小林2002）。
- As modern international law has 'Rule of occupation' (rule under which the county that discovered a land first has sovereignty) as one of its features, 'undeveloped country' was automatically deemed as 'terra nullius,' and, therefore, colonies could be established freely (Kobayashi 2002).
- 欧米各国では新聞がこぞってこの悪辣な暴挙を非難し世論も硬化していたため、当時の駐米少弁務使森有礼は『日本宗教自由論』をあらわして禁教政策の継続の難しさを訴え、西本願寺僧侶島地黙雷らもこれにならった。
- In the U.S. and European countries the newspapers all criticized the villainous outrage and public opinion also grew stronger, so the then Japanese charge d'affaires to the U.S., Arinori MORI, wrote 'Religious Freedom in Japan' stating that it was difficult to hold on to the anti-Christian policy, which was followed by some people including Mokurai SHIMAJI, a Buddhist monk of West Hongan-ji Temple.
- 九代目が二人の娘に結婚を急がさず、むしろ梨園の外の知識人と自由に恋愛することを推奨するという、当時としては仰天するほど進歩的な考え方を持っていたもの、この新蔵が控えていてくれたからに他ならなかった。
- The reason why the Ninth had a progressive idea, an intellectually overwhelming idea at that time as not forcing his daughters to marry quickly, but encouraging them to enjoy free love with educated people in other than the theatrical world, was because of the existence of Shinzo.
- 高根義人の主導によるこの方針は現在の「自由の学風」に影響を与えたと言われ、法科大学の卒業生の高等文官試験での不振を端として転換されたものの京都大学に独特の学風を根付かせる端緒となった事は確かである。
- This principle, led by Yoshito TAKANE, is said to have affected the present 'academic freedom', and, though changed when the College of Law graduates got the bad grades in the Examination of High Civil Servants, it surely marks the dawn of the unique school tradition that took root in Kyoto Imperial University.
- 大日本協会の動きに対して東洋自由党・同盟倶楽部・立憲改進党・国民協会・政務調査会_(明治時代の政党)の5党派がこれに呼応して、「日英通商航海条約締結の反対」・「清国への早期開戦」を掲げて共闘を約した。
- The Toyo Jiyuto (Oriental Liberal Party), the Domei Club (Alliance Club), the Rikken Kaishinto (Constitutional Progressive Party), the Kokumin Kyokai, and the Policy Affairs Research Council of the five parties of the Meiji period, promised to bond together to fight in response to the Dai Nihon Kyokai's campaign, chanting slogans such as 'protesting the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation' and 'wage a early war against Qing.'
- 従来、入会地とされてきた土地や森林が、地租改正と並行して行われた官有民地区分事業において「持主不明」であることを理由に官有地や御料林に組み入れられて住民の自由な利用が禁止されたことに対する農民の抵抗。
- Peasants' resistance during the process of dividing public and private lands accompanying the land-tax reform, against changing mountains and forests that had been treated as iriaichi (common land) into national land or Imperial property for the reason that iriaichi had no owners; and against bans on free access to iriaichi by neighbor residents
- 今日では世直しを求める側面や一揆の動機・目的・要求などに大きな差があること、全てが一揆の形態ではなく、自由民権運動との連携を通じた署名・意見書などの提出による合法的な反対闘争の存在などが分かっている。
- Recent studies show that some revolts had aspects of social reform; motives, purposes and requirements of the revolts varied; and some of them did not take a form of revolt but a form of legal conflict, such as submitting signatures and written opinions in cooperation with Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- 児童を里親に委託し、又は乳児院、児童養護施設、知的障害児施設、知的障害児通園施設、盲ろうあ児施設、肢体不自由児施設、重症心身障害児施設、情緒障害児短期治療施設若しくは児童自立支援施設に入所させること。
- Entrust the child to a foster parent, or admit the child into an infant home, a foster home, an institution for mentally retarded children, a daycare institution for mentally retarded children, an institution for blind or deaf children, an institution for orthopedically impaired children, an institution for severely-retarded children, a short-term therapeutic institution for emotionally disturbed children, or a children's self-reliance support facility; or
- こうして、農奴制とフューダリズムを土台とした西欧封建社会が成熟していった（ただし、実際には各農村ごとにかなり相違があったと考えられている上、多くの農村では農奴だけでなく自由農民も相当数存在していた）。
- Thus, the Western European Hoken society based on serfdom and Feudalism matured (but the situation was quite different from village to village and most villages had a large number of free peasants as well as serfs).
- 慶應2年（1866年）、幕府が改税約書によりイギリス、フランス、アメリカ合衆国、オランダ四ヵ国と交わした自由造幣局設立の確約を受け、慶應4年（1868年）4月17日、明治維新は金座および銀座を接収した。
- With a pledge to establish a free currency minting bureau in the amended tariff treaty that the Edo shogunate concluded with Britain, France, the United States and Holland in 1866, the ginza and the kinza were closed with the Meiji Restoration on April 17, 1868.
- しかし、あくまでも岩倉の意に沿ったというだけではなく、単にイギリスやフランスの事は自由民権派の人達が研究するだろうから、彼らが研究しないドイツを選んだ（末松謙澄充ての書簡など）という選択に過ぎなかった。
- However, it was not because of Iwakura's recommendation; instead, Ito thought that the supporters of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement would study about England and France styles, so he just chose what those supporter don't study (according to letters for Kencho SUEMATSU).
- 1867年（明治元年）に大教宣布が発布され、1876年（明治9年）に神道事務局に生徒寮を設置して神職の養成に力を注いだ明治新政府であったが、政教分離・信教の自由論が世の中に広まり、教導職制が廃止された。
- Following Taikyo-senpu (propagation of the Great Teaching of Shinto) in 1867, the newly established Meiji Government was enthusiastic about the training of Shinto priests, establishing a dormitory for the trainees under the Shinto Jimukyoku (the Secretariat of Shinto), but the Kyodoshoku-sei (a system of national enlightenment on Shinto through government-assigned preceptors) had to be discontinued as the voices calling for the separation of religion and politics and the freedom of religion prevailed.
- この法律で、重症心身障害児施設支援とは、重症心身障害児施設に入所し、又は指定医療機関に入院する重度の知的障害及び重度の肢体不自由が重複している児童に対して行われる保護並びに治療及び日常生活の指導をいう。
- The term "institutional support for severely-retarded children" as used in this Act shall mean the aid for a child staying in an institution for severely-retarded child or admitted into a Designated Medical Institution who has both severe mental retardation and severe Limb/Trunk Dysfunction, and the therapy and daily life guidance given to him/her.
- 義塾の卒業生は800名近くにのぼり、朝日新聞の自由主義評論家清沢冽や銀座ワシントン靴店店主東条たかし、百姓をしながら評論家であった斎藤茂など、評論家、実業家、芸術家、学者として名の知られた人も輩出した。
- The number of graduates from Kenseigijuku was about 800, and the school produced some famous commentators, business people, artists and scholars, such as Kiyoshi KIYOSAWA, a liberal commentator of the Asahi Shinbun, Takashi TOJO, a store owner of Washington Shoe Co., Ltd., and Shigeru SAITO, a peasant and commentator.
- 第三高等学校 (旧制)の初代校長であり、1880年 - 1885年、1887年 - 1910年の長期にわたって校長を務め（第三高等学校になったのは1894年）、旧制三高の自由な学風を築いたとされる人物。
- He was the first principal of the Third High School (in old education system) for long periods from 1880 to 1885 and from 1887 to 1910 (it was in 1894 that the school became the Third High School) and created free characteristics of the high school.
- 1889年の大同団結運動分裂の際に成立した大同倶楽部が「財政を整理し、民力の休養を謀ること」を綱領に掲げて以後、対立した大同協和会（後の立憲自由党）、更に立憲改進党を巻き込んで民党勢力共通の公約となった。
- Since the political party called 'Daido Kurabu' (Great Club) formed when Great Merger Movement disbanded in 1889 advocated 'reconstructing finance and aiming for rest for laborers,' it became a policy pledge that was shared by Minto, involving confronting Daido Kyowa Kai (later Constitutional Liberal Party) and the Constitutional Progressive Party.
- 商人や職人に自由に利潤追求を許せば、その経済力によって支配階級が脅かされ、農民が重労働である農業を嫌って商工に転身する事により穀物の生産が減少して飢饉が発生し、ひいては社会秩序が崩壊すると考えたのである。
- The thought was that if merchants and artisans were allowed to freely pursuit profits, their wealth would threaten the ruling class and farmers would give up the hard labor of agriculture start new careers as sho or ko, decreasing agricultural output, leading to famine, and resulting in the collapse of the social order.
- 維新後は政府の要職を歴任したほか、自由民権運動や実業界への転身に見られるように活動に一貫性がなく、また「坂本龍馬」という英雄の影に隠れてしまっている事もあって、維新の元勲の中では知名度も低く評価も高くはない。
- After Meiji Restoration, Goto held important positions of the government, but he had a low profile and was underestimated compared to other statesmen who had contributed to Meiji Restoration because having left the government to join the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and entered business world made his political attitude look inconsistent, and the existence of the hero 'Ryoma SAKAMOTO' was so prominent that he was little known at the time.
- 新幹線では、東京駅から上野駅・品川駅などの短距離区間でも自由席特定特急料金が840円となるのに対し、この区間は在来線特急扱いの列車しか走らないこともあり、特定特急料金がJRの特急料金では最低の100円となる。
- Although a non-reserved limited express ticket costs \840 even for a short distance ride, for example, between Tokyo Station and Ueno Station or between Tokyo Station and Shinagawa Station on the Shinkansen line, a limited express ticket for these sections costs \100, the lowest of JR limited express tickets, because only trains dealt with on regular railway lines run on these sections.
- 学者のあり方から妾の是非（男女同権論等）、哲学や信教の自由などの宗教論、文字改良論などの教育論、死刑廃止論等の社会問題関連、貨幣・貿易等の経済諸問題、はては妖怪の類まで、非常に広きにわたる論説・翻訳を扱っている。
- It dealt with articles and translations in wide areas, ranging from the style of scholar, right and wrong of concubine (feminism etc.), Philosophy, religious arguments including freedom of faith, educational arguments such as an opinion to improve letters, social problems such as the abolition of death penalty, economic problems such as currency and trades, to specters.
- 浅草井村楼での演説のために東京府下の演説が禁じられたので、講釈師の鑑札を受けて芸名「先醒堂覚明」で席亭に出、講談に託して自由民権を説いたが、席亭主人とともに罰せられ、健之は集会条例違反で軽禁錮1ヶ月に処せられた。
- Since Kenshi was banned from making a public speech within Tokyo Prefecture because of the speech he had made at the Asakusa Imura-ro hall, he obtained a lecturer's license to appear at a vaudeville hall under the stage name 'Senseido Kakumei' and advocated freedom and people's rights through his oral storytelling, but he was punished along with the host of the vaudeville hall and was sentenced to brief imprisonment, one month in jail, for violating the Public Assembly Law.
- 日本裏面史より見れば、三多摩の村野常右衛門、森久保作蔵など「大阪事件」以降の自由党右派の壮士たちを政界に引き入れたことで、たとえ星自身が金銭的に潔白であるとしても、東京市政の疑獄の数々には彼の責も大きいと言われる。
- From the darker side of Japanese history, HOSHI, who brought into the political world rightists of the Liberal Party after the 'Osaka Incident,' including young activists called Santama Soshi such as Tsuneemon MURANO and Sakuzo MORIKUBO, is said to have been heavily to blame for the numerous scandals in Tokyo municipal government.
- 職業安定法（昭和二十二年法律第百四十一号。以下法という。）第三条の規定は、労働協約に別段の定ある場合を除いて、雇用主が労働者を選択する自由を妨げず、又公共職業安定所が求職者をその能力に応じて紹介することを妨げない。
- The provision of Article 3 of the Employment Security Act (Act No. 141 of 1947; hereinafter referred to as "Act") shall not preclude the employers from selecting the employees at their discretion unless otherwise provided for in the labor agreement, nor shall it preclude the Public Employment Security Offices from introducing job seekers to the employers according to the ability and capability of such job seekers.
- （尚そのように様々な説がある事に関して、童門冬二は自著の中で「のちの江戸幕府の職制のように厳密なシステム化された役職ではなかったから、人の出入りも柔軟に行われた『出入り自由な、ソフトな組織と職制』」などと評している。）
- (Fuyuji DOMON, a novelist, gave a remark about this situation that still includes disputes about the member, describing this system as 'a flexible system with adaptable duties that can allow people to enter and exit freely,' unlike the one of the Edo bakufu, a Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun, in which every duty was systematically organized in a strict manner.
- なお、ホーム南側にも駅舎があるが、これは新幹線開通時に建設されたもので近鉄・新幹線のホーム下にあり、規模は小さく、新駅ビル建設の際も南北自由通路の設置やJR線と近鉄線の改札を完全分離化した事以外は大きな変更はなかった。
- South of the platforms there is another station building beneath the platforms of the Kintetsu Line and the Shinkansen, which was constructed when the Shinkansen went into operation; however, it underwent a slight change during the renovation due to its small size except for the construction of the Nanboku-Jiyu-Tsuro and the complete separation of the ticket wicket of the JR Line from that of the Kintetsu Line.
- 児童養護施設、知的障害児施設、盲ろうあ児施設、肢体不自由児施設、情緒障害児短期治療施設及び児童自立支援施設の長並びに里親は、学校教育法に規定する保護者に準じて、その施設に入所中又は受託中の児童を就学させなければならない。
- A head of a foster home, an institution for mentally retarded children, an institution for blind or deaf children, an institution for orthopedically impaired children, a short-term therapeutic institution for emotionally disturbed children and a children's self-reliance support facility and a foster parent shall send to school the children admitted in those institutions or entrusted to those foster parents as if they were the guardians of such children as provided in the School Education Act.
- 日清戦争の後、高まりを見せ始めていた労働運動を取り締まるために、それまで自由民権運動を念頭に置いて政治活動の規制を主な目的としていた集会及政社法に、労働運動の規制という新たな役割を付加した上で継承発展させる形で制定された。
- In order to crack down on the labor movements which were rising after Japanese-Shino War, with a new role of regulating them it was enacted as the successor of Shukai oyobi Seisha Ho (the law on assembly and association), the major target of which had been to regulate political activities focusing on the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- 明治8年（1875年）、明治政府は、江戸幕府が定め複雑に入り組んだ酒株に関する規制を一挙に撤廃し、酒類の税則を醸造税と営業税の二本立てに簡略化して、醸造技術と資本のある者ならば誰でも自由に酒造りができるように法令を発した。
- In 1875, the Meiji Government abolished at a stroke complicated regulations concerning sakekabu which the Edo bakufu had implemented, simplified the taxation rule for alcoholic beverages by implementing a dual system of brewing and trading taxes, and issued an order to allow anyone with brewing techniques and capital to brew sake freely.
- これは結果的には大多数の農民の負担を高めることにつながり、また土地の所有者がおらず納税が困難な入会地が事実上、政府に没収されたことなどから伊勢暴動、真壁暴動など一揆（地租改正反対一揆）が頻発し、自由民権運動へ影響を与えた。
- In terms of the consequence, this high tax rate resulted in increasing the burden of majority of the farmers; therefore, peasant revolts against the land-tax reform erupted including the Ise Revolt, Makabe Revolt; the part of the reason these revolts occurred lied in that the government virtually confiscated common land (iriaichi) from which the government could not expect to receive taxes; these revolts gave influence to the Jiyu MInken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- 彼らは直ちに親政府という訳ではなかった（例えば、政府の言論弾圧に対しては民党と協調して反対している）が、自由民権運動・大同団結運動に対して対峙するという立場では共通しており、結果論として政府と協調する路線を選ぶことになった。
- They were not entirely pro-government from the start (for example, they stood with the Minto party against the government's suppression of free speech) but they ultimately sided with the government as they held many of the same sentiments, especially in their opposition of the Jiyu Minken Undo and the Daido Ketsudan Undo.
- この法律において「重度訪問介護」とは、重度の肢体不自由者であって常時介護を要する障害者につき、居宅における入浴、排せつ又は食事の介護その他の厚生労働省令で定める便宜及び外出時における移動中の介護を総合的に供与することをいう。
- The term "visiting care for persons with severe disabilities" as used in this Act means to afford the benefits comprehensively for persons with severe physical disabilities, who need nursing care continuously with care in their residences, to support meals, bath, elimination and the other benefits prescribed in Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and nursing care during transportation when they go out.
- こうして文麿は、父のアジア主義よりも、西園寺の自由主義歴史的起源とその展開に感化されることとなったが、自らの後継者を育てたいという西園寺の思惑とは裏腹に、文麿は次第に目先の新しいものに目移りする無定見さを見せ始めるようになる。
- Thus, Fumimaro was influenced more by Saionji's historical origins of Liberalism and its development rather than by his father's Pan-Asianism, but in contrast to Saionji's motive of raising his successor Fumimaro gradually began to show signs of having no fixed principles and a propensity for being captivated by things that were new with short term goals.
- 規模はきわめて小規模で、当面の目標も栃木県庁落成式に出席する政府高官への襲撃程度のものであったが、自由党急進派は、前年の1883年（明治16年）後半以降、圧制打倒をめざして頻繁な交流を図り、同志的結合を強めていく傾向にあった。
- It was quite small in scale and its immediate aim was only attacking high-ranking government officials who attended the Tochigi Prefectural Government inauguration ceremony: Since the latter half of 1833 of the previous year, the Liberal Party radicals had frequent meetings and were in a direction of strengthening the unity of the like-minded members.
- 児童養護施設、知的障害児施設、知的障害児通園施設、盲ろうあ児施設、肢体不自由児施設又は児童自立支援施設においては、それぞれ第四十一条から第四十三条の三まで及び第四十四条に規定する目的に反して、入所した児童を酷使してはならない。
- A foster home, an institution for mentally retarded children, a daycare institution for mentally retarded children, an institution for blind or deaf children, an institution for orthopedically impaired children or a children's self-reliance support facility shall not exploit children admitted there against the purposes provided respectively in Articles 41 to 43-3 inclusive and Article 44.
- 2002年2月1日に道路運送法・タクシー業務適正化臨時措置法の一部が改正施行され、事業はこれまでの免許制から許可制とし、事業者の車両数増減も届出のみで自由に可能になった（いわゆる「タクシー規制緩和」とはこれらの法改正を指す）。
- Part of the Road Transportation Act and the Act on Temporary Measures concerning the Regulation of Taxi Services were revised to come to effect on February 1, 2002, and accordingly, the system of the business was switched from the licensing system to the approval system, allowing operators of the business to freely conduct business only by reporting increases and decreases in vehicles (so-called 'relaxation of the taxi regulations' means the revision of these acts).
- 『玉葉集』の名義は『万葉集』を思わせ、紀貫之の歌を巻頭に据えるなど、古歌を多く採っているが、それにも増してこの集の特色は、伝統を踏襲することを良しとせず、大胆にも斬新な表現上の技法を取り入れ、清新自由な歌風を創出したことにある。
- Although the title 'Gyokuyoshu' is reminiscent of 'Manyoshu' (Ten Thousand Poems), and similarly includes a number of older poems, including a poem by KI no Tsurayuki starting off the collection, its most salient characteristic was not in following tradition, but in boldly incorporating new techniques of expression, and creating a free and fresh new poetic style.
- 民主と自由の思想による民族自決が世界の潮流となり、1918年1月にアメリカ合衆国大統領ウッドロウ・ウィルソンが提唱する民族自決の原則と、ウラジーミル・レーニンの提唱した植民地革命論は世界の植民地に大きな影響を与えるようになった。
- Self-determination based upon democracy and freedom became a mainstream of the world, and the principle of self-determination advocated by Woodrow Wilson and the colonial revolutionism by Vladimir Lenin had a great influence on colonies in the world.
- 第1条では、太政官時代には（実際の事例は少ないものの）原則として天皇はいつでも閣議に臨御して自由に意見を述べることが出来たが、今後は総理大臣の要請がない限りは閣議には加わらないことになり、総理大臣が閣議の主宰者であることを確認した。
- In Dajokan days, (although there were only few actual cases,) the Emperor could attend cabinet meetings basically anytime he wished and was free to say his opinion, but the Article 1 confirmed that the Emperor would not attend the cabinet meeting unless requested by the Prime Minister and recognized the Prime Minister as the host of the cabinet meeting.
- 自由民権運動の流れを汲みこの動きを評価する人々は、1905年に国民倶楽部を結成して「内に立憲主義、外に帝国主義」という標語を掲げて、普通選挙を行って正しい国民の声を政治に反映させることが国家の自主・独立の確立に必要であると主張した。
- The people who valued the movement following the Freedom and People's Rights Movement united the National Club in 1905 and set a slogan which said 'Constitutionalism internally, and imperialism externally', then advocated that it was necessary for the national independence to reflect the right people's voice in politics with a popular election.
- 例えば、地租の算定における一般的な農家の経営の基準を商業生産的な家族経営による拡大再生産が行われている農家とし、また地主と小作人は自由契約による小作関係によって成立しており小作料の増減は地租の増減に対応することを前提として立法された。
- For example, the standard of management of common farming household in calculation of land-tax was made to be a farming household in which expanded reproduction was done by family-run commercial production and that landlords and tenant farmers were linked by free contract tenant farming; and the increase and decrease of farm rent were legalized on the assumption that the increase and decrease of the rent corresponded to the increase and decrease of land-tax.
- そんな中、従来からの路線対立や、加波山事件の処理をめぐる紛糾などから1884年10月29日（秩父事件発生の2日前）、自由党は解党決議を可決するに至っていた（その後同党は1890年に再結成されるが、以後も解散・再結成・再編等を繰り返す。
- Liberal Party approved a decision of dissolving the party on October 29, 1884 (two days before the occurrence of the Chichibu Incident) because of what with past policy confrontations and complications on solving the Kabasan Incident (thereafter, the Party was reorganized in 1890, but repeated dissolution, the re-formation, reorganization，and so on even after that.
- 都道府県は、第四十三条の三又は第四十三条の四に規定する児童については、前項第三号の措置に代えて、指定医療機関に対し、これらの児童を入院させて肢体不自由児施設又は重症心身障害児施設におけると同様な治療等を行うことを委託することができる。
- With regard to a child prescribed in Article 43-3 or 43-4, the prefectural government may, in lieu of the measure set forth in item (iii) of the preceding paragraph, entrust a Designated Medical Institution to hospitalize the child and provide him/her with therapy, etc. equivalent to those that would be provided in an institution orthopedically impaired children or an institution for severely-retarded children.
- 福澤は、明治維新になって欧米諸国の女性解放思想をいちはやく日本に紹介し、「人倫の大本は夫婦なり」として一夫多妻制や妾をもつことを非難し、女性にも自由を与えなければならぬとし、女も男も同じ人間だから、同様の教育を受ける権利があると主張した。
- During the Meiji Restoration, Yukichi immediately introduced feminism of Western countries to Japan; he stated that polygyny and the keeping a mistress are bad practices because 'the married couple is the base of morality', that women should be emancipated, and that women should be granted the right to receive an equal education because women and men are equally human beings.
- 日本も封建制度の体制下で欧米の近代法にある法治国家の諸原則が存在しておらず、刑事面では拷問や残虐な刑罰が存置され、民事面では自由な契約や取引関係を規制して十分な保護を与えていなかったために、欧米列強からはその対象国であると考えられていた。
- Japan, too, was considered a target of unequal treaties by the allied Western powers because Japan, under the feudal system, did not have various principles of a nation under the rule of law as stipulated in modern Western laws and therefore maintained torture and cruel punishment in criminal cases and regulated free contracts and transactions without giving sufficient protection in civil affairs.
- 『種村直樹の新汽車旅相談室 汽車旅の基礎と運賃・料金篇』（自由国民社、1993年初版、ISBN 4426548012）には1992年ごろに「愛宕山ケーブル」という会社の電話番号が京都市内のタウンページに掲載されていたことが報告されている。
- The book 'Naoki TANEMURA's New Consulting Room for Train Travel - Basics of Train Travel and Fares and Fees' (first published in 1993 from Jiyu Kokumin sha, ISBN 4426548012) mentions that a telephone number of a company called 'Atagoyama Cable' was listed in the telephone directory for Kyoto City in 1992.
- 自由民権運動最中の1880年頃より、東京日日新聞や朝野新聞などで人権の擁護と天皇制の維持の両立のために、制憲のための会議を招集して憲法草案を作成し、天皇の合意を得られた国約憲法をもって憲法とすべしとの論調が張られ、民権家達にも影響を与えた。
- During the Movement for Liberty and People's rights sometime around 1880, the Tokyo Nichinichi Newspaper, the Choya Newspaper, and other major newspapers claimed that, in order to simultaneous support both the people's rights and Imperial order, a congress of the people should be convened to formulate constitutions drafts, which would be instituted once it met with the Emperor's approval, and this opinion greatly influenced the populace.
- 結果として自由民権運動や大隈の唱えるフランス流やイギリス流を否定したものの、岩倉らの進めようとしたプロシア流についても一旦は白紙撤回されることとなった（勿論、これによってプロシア（ドイツ）流論者の政府内での立場が強化されたのは事実であるが）。
- As a result, the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, France style and England style, which were recommended by Okuma, were rejected but also Prussia style, which was recommended by Iwakura, was rejected (as a result, people who advocated Prussia (Germany) style strengthened their position).
- 都道府県は、当分の間、必要があると認めるときは、重度の知的障害及び重度の肢体不自由が重複している満十八歳以上の者について、その者を重症心身障害児施設に入所させ、又は指定医療機関に対し、その者を入院させて治療等を行うことを委託することができる。
- For the time being, a prefectural government may, when he/she finds necessary, admit a person of 18 years of age or more who has both severe mental retardation and severe Limb/Trunk Dysfunction in an institution for severely-retarded children or entrust a Designated Medical Institution to hospitalize him/her and provide therapy, etc. to him/her.
- 第二十四条の二第一項の指定は、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより、知的障害児施設、知的障害児通園施設、盲ろうあ児施設、肢体不自由児施設又は重症心身障害児施設（以下「知的障害児施設等」という。）であつて、その設置者の申請があつたものについて行う。
- The designation set forth in Article 24-2 paragraph (1) shall be made for an institution for mentally retarded children, a daycare institution for retarded children, an institution for blind or deaf children, an institution for orthopedically impaired children, or an institution for severely-retarded children (hereinafter referred to as "Institution for Mentally Retarded Children, etc.") based on an application by its establisher, pursuant to the provisions of Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
- 国庫は、第五十条第九号及び前条第六号の費用のうち、知的障害児施設等の設備に関するものに対しては、政令の定めるところにより、その二分の一（知的障害児通園施設、盲ろうあ児施設及び肢体不自由児施設の設備については、二分の一ないし三分の一）を負担する。
- The national treasury shall, pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Order, bear a half of such expenses set forth in Article 50 item (ix) and item (vi) of the preceding Article as relating to the facilities of the institutions for mentally retarded children, etc. (or a half to one-third thereof, if they are relating to the facilities of daycare institutions for mentally retarded children, institutions for blind or deaf children and institutions for orthopedically impaired children).
- そこで伊藤はやむなく井上を辞任させて、政敵と言える大隈重信と黒田清隆をそれぞれ外務大臣・農商務大臣として入閣させ、保安条例を制定して自由民権派の弾圧に乗り出したが、憲法・旧皇室典範の制定事業に専念するために、総理大臣を辞して新設の枢密院議長に転じた。
- So Ito was obliged to have Inoue step down and took his political enemies Shigenobu OKUMA and Kiyotaka KURODA into cabinet as a Minister of Foreign Affair and a Minister of Agriculture and Commerce respectively, and set out to suppress the Freedom and People's Rights Movement Party, however, he resigned from prime minister to assume as Chairman of the Privy Council with the view to concentrating on the establishment of constitution and Former Imperial House Act.
- セーマン（晴明桔梗・晴明紋・五芒星）という呪符を使い、人形を使って「青龍」・「勾陳」・「六合」・「朱雀」・「騰蛇」・「貴人」・「天后」・「大陰」・「玄武」・「大裳」・「白虎」・「天空」の式神十二天将を自由に駆使し、驚異的な呪術を展開したとされている。
- It is said that Seimei performed phenomenal magic by using a spell called Seman (Seimei kikyo, Seimei mon and Gobosei) and using dolls to make most of Shikigami Junishinsho (Twelve Shikigami gods) such as Seiryu, Kochin, Rokugo, Suzaku, Toda, Kijin, Tengo, Daion, Genbu, Taimo, Byakko and Tenku.
- これらの公事はかつての庸や調などの人身に対する賦課の延長上にあり、荘園や国衙領に居住する者が「名主百姓の役」である公事を負担することが平民百姓＝自由民としての義務と考えられていた（これに対して年貢・所当は田地への賦課である租の延長上に捉えられている）。
- These kuji were on the extended line of the imposition on human body such as cho or yo in the earlier days, so it was considered that bearing kuji of 'myoshu hyakusho no eki' was for people living in the manor or kokugaryo an obligation as commoner peasants = free people (on the other hand, nengu and shoto were positioned on the extended line of so that was an imposition to rice field).
- なお本事件に関しては、従来は専ら自由民権思想及び松方デフレの強い影響下に発生したと考えられてきたが、近年はそれらに加えて、他の養蚕地域との比較や、上述の国際的環境の影響、秩父地方特有の民俗学的状況等に関しても考慮した研究の必要性もようになってきている。
- This incident had been assumed in the past to have occurred under the strong influence mainly of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and the Matsukata deflation, however, in recent years, in addition to the above, there has been an increased need of studies considering then comparison to other sericulture areas, the influence of the above-mentioned international environments, comparison with other sericulture regions and the above-mentioned international environments influence, the ethnological situation peculiar to Chichibu district.
- しかし、女性の集会の自由を阻んでいた新婦人協会治安警察法第五条改正運動（1922年・大正11）や、女性が弁護士になる事を可能とする、婦人弁護士制度制定（弁護士法改正、1933年・昭和8）等、女性の政治的・社会的権利獲得の面でいくつかの重要な成果をあげた。
- Nevertheless, the campaigns did achieve some important results in acquiring political and social rights for women, for example the New Women's Association's successful campaign for the revision of Article five of the Security Police Law (1922), which banned women from joining political assemblies, and the amendment of the Lawyers Act (1933), whose revision enabled women to become lawyers.
- 1900年（明治33年）に成立した同法は、日本の資本主義は発達するに従って、中小零細企業が大資本に圧倒されている現状から、零細企業救済のため、加入脱退の自由、議決権平等、出資利子制限、利用分量配当といった協同組合原則の基本を組み入れた法律として制定された。
- The act was passed in 1990, and in order to help small enterprises, it was established as a law which had principles of cooperative association such as freedom of entering and leaving, the equal voting right, restraint of investing interest, and the dividend in accordance with the amount of use, under the circumstances in which tiny, small and medium enterprises were getting overwhelmed by big capitals as the Japanese capitalism grew.
- しかしながら、両社はこの区間において在来線同士の直通運転を除き、新幹線と在来線の相互連携は特に見られない（特別企画乗車券「伊豆フリーQきっぷ」で、東京 - 熱海 - 三島間で東海道新幹線あるいは在来線特急（踊り子 (列車)）自由席の利用が可能である程度）。
- However, no specific example of cooperative operations between the Shinkansen line and regular railway lines exist in this section, except through train operations between regular railway lines (the only case available is Izu Free Q Kippu (a free pass to access the Izu Peninsula), with which either riding a Shinkansen train or the 'Odoriko' train (unreserved seats) on the regular railway line is allowed.
- 近代には国家神道神道事務局 祭神論争という熾烈な教理闘争もあったが、結局は政府も神道に共通する教義体系の創造の不可能性と、近代国家が復古神道的な教説によって直接に民衆を統制することの不可能性を認識して、大日本帝国憲法でも信教の自由を認めせざるを得なかった。
- Although there was a heated theory war called State Shinto Shinto Office, Saishin Dispute (国家神道神道事務局 祭神論争) in the modern period, the government finally recognized that it was impossible to form a theory system/framework which was common to Shinto and that it was impossible to control the public directly based on a theory of Fukko shinto (returning to the ancient Shinto) and therefore, religious liberty was reluctantly allowed in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- この法律において「児童デイサービス」とは、障害児につき、児童福祉法第四十三条の三に規定する肢体不自由児施設その他の厚生労働省令で定める施設に通わせ、日常生活における基本的な動作の指導、集団生活への適応訓練その他の厚生労働省令で定める便宜を供与することをいう。
- The term "day service for children" as used in this Act means to have children with disabilities go to the facilities for children with physical disabilities which are prescribed in Article 43-3 of Child Welfare Act or the other facilities prescribed in Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare to provide them with instruction about basic actions in daily life, adaptive trainings to group living, and the other benefit prescribed in Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
- 下賜当時、西南戦争・竹橋・自由民権運動などの社会情勢により、設立間もない軍部に動揺が広がっていたため、これを抑え、精神的支柱を確立する意図で起草されたものされ、1878年（明治11年）10月に陸軍卿山縣有朋が全陸軍将兵に印刷配布した軍人訓誡が元になっている。
- At the time of the grant, the newly organized military had been shook up due to social unrest caused by Seinan War, Takebashi and Movement for democratic rights, and therefore, in order to settle the situation and establish a mental pillar they drafted the imperial rescript, which was made from the admonition for military men printed and distributed to all the officers and soldiers by Aritomo YAMAGATA, director general of the army, in October, 1878.
- 翌1922年（大正11年）「マキノ映画製作所」と名称を変え、1923年（大正12年）9月1日の関東大震災で製作中止に追い込まれた大活から内田吐夢ら、国際活映から環歌子や阪東妻三郎が参加し、20前後の若いスタッフたちの自由な発想で作ったリアルな剣戟が人気をよぶ。
- The next year, in 1922, the company changed its name to 'Makino Eiga Seisakusho (Makino Film Studio)' and, after the Great Kanto Earthquake of September 1, 1923 Tomu UCHIDA and others from Daikatsu and Utako TAMAKI and Tsumasaburo BANDO from Kokusai Katsuei which were forced to suspend their productions, joined and its realistic sword fights, produced by young and creative staff around twenty years old, became popular.
- 政府は当初、伝統宗教の権威と地盤を以ってキリスト教防御と維新後の新体制を国民に教導する考えであったが、近代国家の樹立の為には政教分離と信教の自由を国家の基本方針として盛り込むことは避けられず、また西洋諸国との外交関係に於いてキリスト教の禁制解除は不可欠となった。
- At first, the Meiji government intended to keep citizens away from the influence of Christianity and to educate them on the new systems made by the new government renewed after the Meiji Restoration with authority and foundations of the Japanese traditional religion; however, the separation of religion and politics and the freedom of religion were essential policies in order to establish a modernized nation, and the cancellation of a ban on Christianity was indispensable to maintain the diplomatic relationships with Western countries.
- このような中で片岡健吉を代表とする高知県の民権派が、今回の混乱は国辱的な欧化政策と言論弾圧による世論の抑圧にあると唱えて、①言論の自由の確立②地租軽減による民心の安定③外交の回復（対等な立場による条約改正実現）を柱とした「三大事件建白」と呼ばれる建白書を提出した。
- Amidst these situations, the Civil-Right group in Kochi Prefecture submitted a petition called 'the three biggest petitions' focusing on 1) establishment of free speech, 2) restoring mental balance of civilians by reducing a land tax, and 3) recovery of diplomacy (realization of revision of a treaty on an equal footing), saying these unrests were because of a policy of Europeanization as national disgrace and oppression of public opinions.
- 『維新史蹟図説』によればこの事件で山南は左腕を負傷したとされ、一説にはこのときの傷が元で片腕が不自由となったために池田屋事件にも留守居に甘んじるなど、武士としての立場を失ったことと近藤や土方とのすれ違いとが相まって、脱走の原因になったのではないかとも言われている。
- According to 'Ishin Shiseki Zusetsu (Restoration Historical Sites Book),' Sannan injured his left arm in this incident, and one theory was that his arm became crippled due to this injury, so he reconciled himself to be rusui (a person representing the master during his absence) during the Ikedaya Incident, and losing his footing as samurai and having a different opinion from Kondo's and Hijikata's served to facilitate his escape from the Shinsengumi.
- この法律で、児童福祉施設とは、助産施設、乳児院、母子生活支援施設、保育所、児童厚生施設、児童養護施設、知的障害児施設、知的障害児通園施設、盲ろうあ児施設、肢体不自由児施設、重症心身障害児施設、情緒障害児短期治療施設、児童自立支援施設及び児童家庭支援センターとする。
- The term "child welfare institution" as used in this Act shall mean any of midwifery home, infant home, maternal and child living support facility, nursery center, children's recreational facility, foster home, institution for mentally retarded children, daycare institution for mentally retarded children, institution for blind or deaf children, institution for orthopedically impaired children, institution for severely-retarded children, short-term therapeutic institution for emotionally disturbed children, children's self-reliance support facility, and child and family support center.
- だが地租増徴に反対する進歩党 (日本)と自由党 (日本)(日本 1890-1898)からの協力は得られなかったために、文部大臣・農商務大臣・逓信大臣を自派（「伊藤系官僚」）が、内務大臣 (日本)・司法大臣・陸軍大臣を山縣有朋系が占める超然内閣を作らざるを得なかった。
- However, without cooperation by the Progressive Party (Japan) and the Liberal Party (Japan) (Japan 1890-1898) opposing to the plan to increase land taxes, he had to organize the Chonen (doctrine of superiority) cabinet consisting of the Minister of Education, Minister of Agriculture and Commerce and Minister of Communication from his own group ('government officials from ITO group'), and the Minister of Home Affairs (Japan), Minister of Justice and Minister of Army from Aritomo YAMAGATA group.
- さらに開拓使官有物払下げ事件に際して出された石丸安世・石橋重朝の「不当廉価」を理由とした払い下げ中止の提議が、自由民権運動と結んだ大隈の謀略として受け止められ、岩倉らの要求によって御前会議が招集され、大隈の参議免官と佐野大蔵卿の更迭、後任に松方内務卿の転任が決定された。
- Iwakura also took the proposal by Yasuyo ISHIMARU and Shigetomo ISHIBASHI to call off the disposal of Hokkaido Development Commissioner's property for its 'unjustifiably low price' as Okuma's conspiracy with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, so a conference in the presence of the Emperor was convened by request from Iwakura where the dismissal of Okuma as Councilor, removal of Sano as Minister of the Treasury, and transference of Matsukata as Secretary of Interior were decided.
- この時、当時重臣になっていた広田が小磯に対して「僕と寺内君（現役武官制復活当時の寺内寿一陸相）の合意で、陸相人事は三長官の合意に関係なく新首相が自由に指名していいということになっているから」と告げて、小磯はこれを一つの根拠として東條の陸相留任を阻止したという逸話がある。
- At that time, Hirota who was then Jushin (chief retainer) told Koiso, 'An agreement has been made between Mr. Terauchi (Hisaichi TERAUCHI who was the Minister of War during revival of Geneki Bukan sei) and me, as for the personnel affairs, we've accepted to designate a new Prime Minister regardless of the consent of three Kami' and it is said that this incident was one of the reasons for Koiso preventing Tojo from remaining as the Minister of War.
- 全車自由席の列車だと山陽本線の岡山駅～下関駅間を走る列車（下り2本・上り3本、広島シティネットワーク区間では快速「シティライナー (列車)」となり、徳山駅で列車番号が変わる。夕方の上り1本はさらに岡山駅から通勤ライナー (列車)となる。運行距離は384.7km）となる。
- Among the trains having no reserved seats, those running between Okayama Station and Shimonoseki Station run the longest distance (two outbound trains and three inbound trains; they become the Rapid Service 'City Liner' in the Hiroshima City Network section, and a train number changes at Tokuyama Station; moreover, an inbound train in the evening becomes 'Commuter Liner (train)' from Okayama Station (running distance: 384.7 km).
- だが、これに対して進歩党と自由党が合同して憲政党を結成、貴族院_(日本)も政権に非協力な態度を取った為に、伊藤は自らの政局運営の甘さの自覚と新党結成の決意を固めて、山県有朋らの反対を押し切って憲政会の大隈重信・板垣退助のいずれかを後継にするように上奏して内閣を総辞職した。
- However, Since the Progressive Party and the Liberal Party formed the Constitutional Party together against this and the House of Peers (Japan) also took uncooperative attitude to the Government, which made ITO realize his own poor handling of the political situation and made decision to form a new party, he reported to the Emperor to make either of Shigenobu OKUMA or Taisuke ITAGAKI of the Constitutional Party as his successor and resigned the cabinet en masse, in spite of opposition by Aritomo YAMAGATA and others.
- 特に国民協会が帝国党に衣替えした際に、一部が分裂してこれに従わずに自由党の後継政党である憲政党や藩閥官僚（伊藤博文系）とともに立憲政友会を結成したことによって、政友会とその反対党という構図へと変化を見せ、「吏党」・「民党」という言葉は完全に意味を成さないものになっていった。
- When the Kokumin Kyokai turned over to Teikokuto (Imperialist party), some members broke off from the group and and formed the Seiyukai (Association of Friends of Constitutional Government) together with the Kenseito (Constitutional Party), which was the incoming party of the Jiyuto, and the Hanbatsu Kanryo (domain government officials, a political party of Hirobumi ITO), and soon the political layout was mostly the Seiyukai against their opponents, that the terms 'Rito' and 'Minto' eventually lost their original meaning..
- 緒戦で犬山城を攻略したのち、三好秀次（豊臣秀次）・森長可（恒興の娘婿）・堀秀政とともに家康の本拠三河を攻めようとしたが、合戦の前半で鞍に銃弾を受け落馬したことが災いとなり（逆上してしまったことと負傷し身動きの自由を失ったことと二重に災いをなした）長久手にて長可とともに戦死。
- At the beginning of war, he attacked Inuyama-jo Castle, and then he attempted to attack Ieyasu's home province of Mikawa together with Hidetsugu MIYOSHI (Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI), Nagayoshi MORI (husband of a Tsuneoki's daughter), and Hidemasa HORI, but he met with a misfortune of receiving a shot in the saddle and falling from a horse during the early part of the war (the misfortune doubled as he let himself become furious and lost freedom to move due to injury), he died in Nagakute together with Nagayoshi.
- 大日本帝国憲法第28条の条文では「日本臣民ハ安寧秩序ヲ妨ケス及臣民タルノ義務ニ背カサル限ニ於テ信教ノ自由ヲ有ス」となっていたが、この「臣民タルノ義務」の範囲は立法段階で議論の的となっており、起草者である伊藤博文・井上毅は神社への崇敬は臣民の義務に含まれないという見解を持っていた。
- Article 28 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan stipulated that 'Japanese subjects shall, within limits not prejudicial to peace and order, and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief,' but the scope of their 'duties as subjects' was a topic of debate at the lawmaking stage, with Hirobumi ITO and Kowashi INOUE, who helped draft the constitution, of the opinion that the veneration of shrines was not included in the duties of subjects.
- 第1回衆議院議員総選挙で合計すると、衆議院の過半数を制した自由党（当時は分裂状態にあり、大同団結運動を経て再統合される）や立憲改進党などの民権派各党は、世論の意思は自分たちにあると捉え、自分達を弾圧してきた藩閥政府やその同調者と見られた保守系政党（大成会など）との対決姿勢を強めた。
- Winning majority in the first general election of the members of the House of Representatives in 1890, the parties demanding the democratic rights such as the Liberal Party (it was split then and reunited through the Great Merger Movement) and the Constitutional Progressive Party and etc. thought that the public was on their side and strengthened the attitude toward the han-dominated government (the members of former Choshu and Satsuma domains who played major part in the Meiji Restoration and had power after the restoration) which suppressed them and toward other conservative parties (the Taiseikai Group and so on) regarded as the followers of the government.
- 協定は、1908年11月時点における領土の現状を公式に認識し、清の独立及び領土保全、自由貿易及び商業上の機会均等（すなわちジョン・ヘイによって提案されたような「門戸開放政策」）、アメリカによるハワイ王国併合とフィリピンに対する管理権の承認、満州における日本の地位の承認から成っている。
- The agreement officially recognized the territorial status in November 1908 by confirming and admitting the independence and territorial integrity of Qing, free trade and equal commercial opportunities (the 'Open Door Policy' proposed by John Hay), the annexation of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the right to manage the Philippines by the United States, and the position of Japan in Manchuria.
- 京都市内の繁華街からはなれた古都の風情を残す落ち着いた環境の中にあり、何よりも静かな環境の中で学問に集中することができ、何事も学生の自主性に任せるという「自由の学風」を標榜しており、毎年行われる11月祭や折田先生像をめぐる落書き、卒業式での仮装などにもその一端を垣間見ることができる。
- Far from the downtown of Kyoto City, Kyoto University is in the calm surroundings that still retain some traces of the historic city, so students and teaching staff can concentrate on the studies in such calmness, and the university's motto 'academic freedom', implying everything related to students' affairs should be left to their autonomy, can be seen in, for example, the annual November Festival, the graffiti on the statue of Prof. Orita, and the students' disguise in the graduation ceremony.
- 明治政府が進める富国強兵路線を継承する次世代の政治家を育てる手段として中等以上の財産家を集めて新党を結成して地方自治において主導権を握るとともに、彼らに政治的経験を積ませて中央に進出させ、穏健な保守勢力を形成させることで、過激な自由民権派や国粋主義者の台頭を食い止める構想を打ち明けている。
- He also introduced the concept of collecting the wealthy men above the middle class to establish a new political party having the central power in local districts, make them have seasoned political experience before dispatching to central political district to develop moderate conservative power to prevent the increase of school of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and nationalist as means of providing the politicians of the next generation who will continue the policy of enhancing the wealth and military strength of a country sought by the Meiji government
- 明治十四年の政変（めいじじゅうよねんのせいへん）は、1881年（明治14年）自由民権運動の流れの中、憲法制定論議が高まり、政府内でも君主大権を残すビスマルク憲法かイギリス型の議院内閣制の憲法とするかで争われ、前者を支持する伊藤博文が、後者を支持する大隈重信を政府から追放した政治事件をさす。
- Meiji juyonen no seihen (the failed Meiji-14 coup of 1881) is a politically-motivated incident, which occurred during movement of the Freedom and People's Rights and dispute regarding creation of a constitution in government, especially between Hirobumi ITO, who recommended Bismarck's constitution, which preserves the royal prerogative and Shigenobu OKUMA, who recommended constitution from England, which has parliamentary system of government, as a result of the incident in which Shigenobu OKUMA was banned from government.
- 壇ノ浦の合戦後に届いた義経の専横を批判する梶原景時の書状を受けて、『吾妻鏡』は「自専ノ慮ヲサシハサミ、カツテ御旨ヲ守ラズ、ヒトヘニ雅意ニマカセ、自由ノ張行ヲイタスノ間、人々恨ミヲナスコト、景時ニ限ラズ（義経はその独断専行によって景時に限らず、人々（関東武士達）の恨みを買っている）」と書いている。
- Commenting on the criticism of Yoshitsune's dogmatic behavior that was written by Kagetoki KAJIWARA after the Battle of Dannoura, 'Azuma Kagami' wrote, 'Yoshitsune is incurring the hatred of not only Kagetoki, but also of those (warriors of the Kanto region) for his dogmatic and dictatorial behavior.'
- 同宣言には「日本国政府ハ日本国国民ノ間ニ於ケル民主主義的傾向ノ復活強化ニ対スル一切ノ障礙ヲ除去スベシ」「言論、宗教及思想ノ自由並ニ基本的人権ノ尊重ハ確立セラルベシ」等と定められたため、ダグラス・マッカーサー率いる連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ/SCAP）は、大日本帝国憲法の改正を日本政府に求めた。
- According to the sentences of the declaration, 'the Japanese government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people' and 'Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established,' the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ/SCAP) led by Douglas MACARTHUR demanded modification of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- そこで政府側では、イギリスのジョージ5世 (イギリス王)即位の際、即位直後であることを理由に自由党 (イギリス)と保守党 (イギリス)との政争をやめるよう命令して、それを実現させた話にならい、ちょうど大正天皇が即位して間もない頃だったので、勅語を出すという形で西園寺公望に対し政争を中止するように諭した。
- Following the story of how the end of the political battle was realized because of the order that was given to stop the political battle between the Liberal Party (Britain) and the Conservative Party (Britain) using the coronation of George, the 5th (King of Britain) as a reason, the government advised, in the form of an ordinance of the Emperor, Kinmochi SAIONJI to stop the political battle since Emperor Taisho had just been enthroned as the Emperor.
- 3層構造で、1階は改札口（八条口）・駅事務室・名店街、2階がホームと改札口（中央口、この改札口は開業当初から長らく旧国鉄→現JR京都駅の内部にある形で乗換用の改札機もあったが、現京都駅ビル建設および同駅南北自由通路設置に合わせて両社の改札口は完全分離化された）、3階はJR東海の新幹線ホームとなっている。
- It has a three-layer structure: a ticket wicket (Hachijo-guchi (Hachijo entrance/exit)), the station office and Meitengai shopping arcade are located on the first floor; the platforms and a ticket wicket (Chuo-guchi (Central entrance/exit)) are located on the second floor (a ticket gate was located inside the JNR/JR Station for a long time with a ｔicket machine for transfer, but when the new station building was constructed and the Nanboku-Jiyu-Tsuro was made, the ticket wickets of the two companies were fully separated); and the third floor has the platforms for the JR Central Shinkansen.
- なぜなら、自由民権派が求めるようなイギリスの議院内閣制そのものは否定して天皇の権威の絶対化を目指すものの、同時にドイツ帝国の体制は皇帝の権限が強すぎるためにそのまま導入した場合、当時明治天皇からの信任が厚かった宮中保守派（中正派）が求める「天皇親政」への道を開き兼ねないとというジレンマがあったからである。
- This was because there was the following dilemma behind this background; while the British parliamentary cabinet system itself demanded by the group of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement was denied and the absolutization of the Emperor's power was aimed, the direct introduction of the German Empire's system could lead to 'the direct rule by the emperor,' which was demanded by the conservatives in the Imperial Court who had gained the confidence of the Emperor Meiji at the time, because the authorization of the Emperor under the German Empire's system was so strong.
- だが、伊藤の盟友である井上馨外務大臣 (日本)が進めた条約改正案にあった「外国人裁判官」制度と鹿鳴館に代表される欧化政策が内外の反感を買い、自由民権運動による三大事件建白書や大同団結運動、保守中正派（天皇親政派）と見られた谷干城農商務大臣の辞任を招くなど、政府批判が一気に高まった（「明治20年の危機」）。
- However, the policy of Europeanization represented by Rokumeikan and 'a foreigner judge' system, which was included in the amendment of the treaty promoted by Ito's sworn ally Kaoru INOUE, Minister of Foreign Affairs (Japan), antagonized inside and outside Japan, and criticism of the government was mounted rapidly due to the petition of three major affairs by democratic-rights movement, the movement to unite for a common purpose and the resignation of Tateki TANI, Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, who was thought to be a member of conservative political party (direct rule by the emperor party) ([The crisis of the 20th year of the Meiji era]).
- だが、その一方で西南戦争以後民権派に反政府運動・民党の主導権を握られてきた国粋主義者を中心とした外交問題を軸とした政界再編構想の一環とも言え、本来親政府の吏党である筈の国民協会から普通選挙を掲げる急進民権派である東洋自由党までを巻き込んで、ゆくゆくは国粋主義を軸とした統一政党化も視野に入れた動きでもあった。
- Meanwhile, however, the movement was also, in a sense, part of the plan to create a national political realignment focusing on foreign affairs among nationalists in particular, who allowed popular rights groups to take the initiative in the anti-government movement Minto (political parties including the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party) since the Seinan War (a local war by Satsuma ex-samurai against the Meiji government); In other words, it also represented a political trend to unify all political parties with nationalism at the core in the future by involving the parties from the Kokumin Kyokai, a Rito which was fundamentally a pro-government political party, to the Toyo Jiyuto, a radical popular rights party which advocated universal suffrage.
- しかし、九州平定後、博多箱崎に滞在していた1587年7月24日（天正15年6月19日 (旧暦)）に同地に滞在していたポルトガル側通商責任者（カピタン・モール）ドミンゴス・モンテイロおよび当時のイエズス会日本地区の責任者であったコエリョに対して宣教師の退去と貿易の自由を宣告する文書を手渡してキリスト教宣教の制限を表明した。
- However, after suppression in Kyushu, he announced restrictions on the Christian mission while staying in Hakata Hakozaki in July 24, 1587 and handed over a statement to expel the missionaries and have freedom of trade to Domingos Monteiro (Capitão-mór) in charge of commerce from the Portugal side who stayed there and to Coelho in charge of the Japan division in the Society of Jesus of that time.
- これにより市中心部への進出は達成されて利用客にとっての不満も解消したかに見えたが、相互乗り入れは実現したものの、既存路線から乗り入れ可能となった路線の停留所での乗り降りについて、「降車はできるが乗車できない」、逆に都心部から郊外へ向けては「乗車は自由だが降車は禁止」という、いわゆる「クローズドドアシステム」の制約を受けていた。
- Although it seemed that the company had achieved its objective of making inroads into the city center and passengers' dissatisfaction was resolved thanks to the aforementioned agreement, the company's operations were still restricted by the so-called 'closed door system' under which 'passengers could get off but weren't allowed to get on' at the bus stops of newly extended routes while 'passengers going from the city center to the suburbs could get on but weren't allowed to get off ' at those bus stops.
- それでも、犬養毅（立憲国民党非改革派→革新倶楽部）などの様にあくまでも民衆の代表であるという意識から「民党」という言葉に拘る政治家も存在したが、やがて自由党系と伊藤博文系官僚による立憲政友会と立憲改進党系と桂太郎派による立憲同志会（後の憲政会→立憲民政党）の2大政党に収斂されていくにつれて、民党という言葉は過去のものとなっていった。
- Although there were some politicians such as Tsuyoshi INUKAI (a member of the non-reform group in the Constitutional National Party who later found the Club of Innovation) and others who associated the word 'Minto' with representatives of people, but the word 'Minto' faded away as the movement to reorganize political parties concentrated on two major parties called the Constitutional Party of Political Friends consisting of the Liberal Party and government officials under Hirobumi ITO the Constitutional Association of Friends (it became the Constitutional Association afterwards and changed into the Constitutional Democratic Party) with the Constitutional Progressive Party and the group of Taro KATSURA,
- しかし、松方デフレ等の影響で没落した農家・地主たちや疲弊した地方を尻目に官営事業の払下げで急速に力をつけてきた政商資本家の台頭という資本主義経済における自由競争の負の部分が顕在化しつつあった当時の状況や、大日本帝国憲法では天皇制を定め、近代天皇制国家の形成が進められていたことから、施行延期派を支持する声が段々と強まるようになっていく。
- However, more and more people supported the Seko-enki-ha Group, because of the then situation that in spite of peasants and landowners who were brought to ruin and local regions impoverished by Matsukata Deflation, and the appearance of businessmen with political ties who were rapidly increasing power by getting government properties cheaply, a negative part of free competition in capitalist economy, and the fact that in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan the Emperor system was adopted and the formation of the modern Emperor-system nation was on going.
- ところが、国民協会の中で国粋主義者の占める割合が強くなると、次第に政府との関係は悪化し、特に第2次伊藤内閣期に入ると、民党の中核であった自由党_(日本)が政府と接近して共同歩調を取る一方で、逆に国民協会が同内閣が進める条約改正を批判して立憲改進党と共同して硬六派を組織するなど、吏党・民党がそれぞれ「親政府」・「反政府」を意味するものではなくなっていった。
- However, their relationship with the government gradually soured as the Kokumin Kyokai had the highest percentage of nationalists, and especially during the Second Ito Cabinet, the Kokumin Kyokai conversely organized the Koroppa (hard-line six parties) cooperating with the Rikken Kaishinto by accusing the Cabinet of forwarding the revision of a treaty while the Jiyuto (Liberal Party of Japan), the hard core of the Minto party, approached the government and took concerted action, and thus the Rito party and Minto party were no long entirely 'pro-government' or 'anti-government'.
- 李氏朝鮮においては「」（ペクチョン/ ペッチョン）と呼び、七般公賤（官奴婢、妓生、官女、吏族、駅卒、獄卒、犯罪逃亡者）八般私賤（巫女、革履物の職人、使令：宮中音楽の演奏家、僧侶、才人：芸人、社堂：旅をしながら歌や踊りで生計をたてるグループ、挙史：女連れで歌・踊り・芸をする人、白丁）と言われた賤民（非自由民）のなかで最下位に位置する被差別民を指す言葉である。
- In Joseon Dynasty, hakucho was called Pekuchon or Petchon and the term for victim of discrimination placed in the lowest rank of the following people of the lower classes (unfree people): Shichihankosen (the following seven kinds of government-owned humble or lowly people: kannuhi [government-owned slave], kisaeng [female entertainers], court lady, Rizoku [lower ranked local government official], ekisotsu [guards], Gokusotsu ogre, criminal fugitive) and Hachihanshisen (the following eight kinds of privately-owned humble or lowly people: miko [a shrine maiden], a craftsman of leather footwear, shirei [musicians of court music], Buddhist monk, saijin [an entertainer], syado [a group which earned a living by singing or dancing, traveling around], kyoshi [people singing, dancing or performing with girls], hakucho).
- つまり明治十四年の政変の結果、英米系および仏系の法学が官立学校から排除され、これらの拠点が私立の五大法律学校にシフトしたことから、政府は私学に対抗し官学（＝東大）をドイツ系法学・国家学の砦にしようとしたのである（阪谷芳郎の回想によれば、この点に関連して、当時「政府当局者が自由思想を抑圧し独逸系の国家学説を我邦に注入せんと試みんとするもの」という憶測が流れていた）。
- That is, as a result of the failed Meiji-14 coup of 1881, British, American and French studies of law were eliminated from national schools and their base was shifted to five top private law schools, so the government tried to make the government school (=Todai [the University of Tokyo]) a fort of German study of law and the science of the nation in rivalry with private schools (According to Yoshio SAKATANI's reminiscence, as for this point, speculation that government officials tried to repress Liberalism and infuse German doctrine of the science of the nation into our country was spread at that time).
- さらに同年12月発行の『日活の社史と現勢』には「現代劇計画部長兼社長秘書」と紹介されることになるが、この頃の日活現代劇は既に溝口健二、田坂具隆、内田吐夢らの若い才能が台頭してきており、重役間の紛糾による「金曜会」の解散、時代の反映として激しくなる従業員と会社の対立、トーキー化に伴う製作形態の変化（会社側による監督の自由・自主的な作品製作の制限）に苦悩することになる。
- While it was stated in 'Nikkatsu no shashi to gensei' (literally, the history and status of Nikkatsu) issued in December of the same year that his post was 'general manager of Gendai geki planning department and president's secretary,' he started suffering from the following: young talented persons such as Kenji MIZOGUCHI, Tomotaka TASAKA, and Tomu UCHIDA were appearing in Nikkatsu gendai geki around this time, the dissolution of 'Kinyo-kai' due to the embarrassment of the directors, increasing confrontations between the company and its employees reflecting the period, changes in production style due to talking pictures (the company placed restrictions on directors ability to produce movies freely and independently).
- 彼ら急進派の政府転覆計画は結局は具現化をみるには至らなかったが、その後発生した1884年（明治17年）6月の群馬事件は、群馬県の下部自由党 (明治)員が、妙義山麓に困窮に苦しむ農民を結集し、圧制打倒の兵をあげようとしたものであり、さらに同年9月に発生した加波山事件は、茨城県の加波山に爆裂弾で武装した16人の急進的な民権運動家が挙兵し、警官隊と衝突するというものであった。
- After all the plot of overthrowing the government of the radicals was not realized, but in subsequent Gunma Incident occurred in June 1884, local members of the Liberal Party (Meiji period) in Gunma Prefecture, gathering peasants in poverty at the foot of Mt. Myogi, tried to raise an army against suppression and furthermore in Kabasan Incident occurred in September of the same year sixteen democratic radicals armed with bombs raised an army and encountered the police force.
- 都道府県が、第二十七条第一項第三号に規定する措置を採つた場合において、入所又は委託に要する費用及び入所後の保護又は委託後の養育につき、第四十五条の最低基準を維持するために要する費用（国の設置する乳児院、児童養護施設、知的障害児施設、知的障害児通園施設、盲ろうあ児施設、肢体不自由児施設、重症心身障害児施設、情緒障害児短期治療施設又は児童自立支援施設に入所させた児童につき、その入所後に要する費用を除く。）
- Expenses spent for admission or entrustment and expenses spent to maintain the minimum standards set forth in Article 45 with regard to the aid after the admission or for child care after the entrustment (excluding expenses spent, after their admission, for the children admitted into infant homes, foster homes, institutions for mentally retarded children, daycare institutions for mentally retarded children, institutions for blind or deaf children, institutions for orthopedically impaired children, institutions for severely-retarded children, short-term therapeutic institutions for emotionally disturbed children or children's self-reliance support facilities established by the national government), in the case where the prefectural government takes measures provided in Article 27 paragraph (1) item (iii);
- 都道府県は、第二十四条の二第一項、第二十四条の六第一項、第二十四条の七第一項又は第二十四条の二十第一項の規定にかかわらず、当分の間、重度の知的障害及び重度の肢体不自由が重複している満十八歳以上の者について、重症心身障害児施設支援に係る指定施設支援を受けなければその福祉を損なうおそれがあると認めるときは、その者からの申請により、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより、重症心身障害児施設支援に係る障害児施設給付費等を支給することができる。ただし、その者が療養介護その他の支援を受けることができる場合は、この限りでない。
- For the time being, with regard to a person of 18 years of age or more who has both severe mental retardation and severe Limb/Trunk Dysfunction, when a prefectural government finds that the welfare of the child is likely to be impaired unless he/she receives Designated Institutional Support pertaining to severely-retarded child institution, the prefectural government may, notwithstanding the provision of Article 24-2 paragraph (1), Article 24-6 paragraph (1), Article 24-7 paragraph (1) or Article 24-20 paragraph (1), continue to pay or provide to said person Institutional Benefits for Disabled Children, etc. pertaining to institutional support for severely-retarded children based on said person's application, pursuant to the provisions of Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the case where he/she can receive the Treatment and Care Services or other support.
- 都道府県は、第二十七条第一項第三号の規定により肢体不自由児施設に入所した児童又は同条第二項の規定による委託により指定医療機関に入院した第四十三条の三に規定する児童については満二十歳に達するまで、第二十七条第一項第三号の規定により重症心身障害児施設に入所した児童又は同条第二項の規定による委託により指定医療機関に入院した第四十三条の四に規定する児童についてはその者が社会生活に順応することができるようになるまで、引き続きその者をこれらの児童福祉施設に在所させ、若しくは第二十七条第二項の規定による委託を継続し、又はこれらの措置を相互に変更する措置を採ることができる。
- The prefectural government may continue the measure to domicile the referenced child in the referenced child welfare institution or continue the entrustment pursuant to the provision of Article 27 paragraph (2) or change either of these measures to the other one, until the referenced child attains the age of 20 if he/she is a child admitted into an institution for orthopedically impaired children pursuant to the provision of Article 27 paragraph (1) item (iii) or a child set forth in Article 43-3 admitted into a Designated Medical Institution based on the entrustment pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of the same Article, and until the referenced child becomes able to adapt him/herself to social life if he/she is a child admitted into an institution for severely-retarded children pursuant to the provision of Article 27 paragraph (1) item (iii) or a child set forth in Article 43-4 admitted into a Designated Medical Institution based on the entrustment pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of the same Article.
- 都道府県は、次条第六項に規定する施設給付決定保護者（以下この条において「施設給付決定保護者」という。）が、次条第四項の規定により定められた期間内において、都道府県知事が指定する知的障害児施設、知的障害児通園施設、盲ろうあ児施設、肢体不自由児施設若しくは重症心身障害児施設又は指定医療機関（以下「指定知的障害児施設等」という。）に入所又は入院（以下「入所等」という。）の申込みを行い、当該指定知的障害児施設等から障害児施設支援（以下「指定施設支援」という。）を受けたときは、当該施設給付決定保護者に対し、当該指定施設支援に要した費用（食事の提供に要する費用、居住又は滞在に要する費用その他の日常生活に要する費用のうち厚生労働省令で定める費用及び治療に要する費用（以下「特定費用」という。）を除く。）について、障害児施設給付費を支給する。
- When a Recognized Beneficiary Guardian provided in paragraph (6) of the following Article (referred to as a "Recognized Beneficiary Guardian" hereinafter in this Article) applies for admission or institutionalization into an institution for mentally retarded children, a daycare institution for mentally retarded children, an institution for blind or deaf children, an institution for orthopedically impaired children or an institution for severely-retarded children, or a Designated Medical Institution as designated by the prefectural governor (hereinafter referred to as "Designated Institution for Mentally Retarded Children, etc."; such admission or institutionalization being hereinafter referred to as "Admission, etc.") during the period of time provided pursuant to the provision of paragraph (4) of the following Article and the guardian receives institutional support for disabled children from said Designated Institution for Mentally Retarded Children, etc. (hereinafter referred to as "Designated Institutional Support"), the prefectural government shall pay Institutional Benefits for Disabled Children to said Recognized Beneficiary Guardian with regard to expenses spent for said Designated Institutional Support (excluding such expenses spent for meal provision, expenses spent for residency or stay and other expenses spent for daily life that are provided by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and expenses spent on therapy (hereinafter referred to as "Specified Expenses")).
