自治: 1164 Terms and Phrases

• 自治
• self-government
• autonomy
• local (governmental) autonomy
• autonomous
• self-rule
• Self-governance

• 自治会
• neighborhood council
• neighbourhood council
• student council
• community association

• 自治区
• territory
• autonomous region

• 自治権
• autonomy
• right of self-government

• 自治省
• Ministry of Home Affairs
• Ministry of Home Affairs (Japan)

• 自治体
• municipality
• local government
• self-governing body
• autonomous entity
• regional governments
• autonomy

• 自治領
• self-governing dominion

• 半自治
• semi-autonomy

• 自治の
• autonomous
• independent

• 自治党
• Jichi to (Autonomy Party)

• 自治寮
• Student Council Dormitory

• 自治県
• Autonomous counties of China

• 自治州
• Autonomous oblast

• 三割自治
• the 'thirty-percent autonomy' of local governments

• 自治行政
• self-government

• 自治政府
• self-government
• autonomous government
• devolved government (e.g. in the UK)

• 自治大臣
• Minister of Home Affairs

• 自治都市
• commune (of medieval Europe)

• 地方自治
• local (governmental) autonomy
• local autonomy
• local government
• LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT

• 自治医大
• Jichiidai
• Jichi Med. Sch.
• Jichi Medical School

• 自治大学
• Jichi University

• 自治事務
• General affairs of autonomous local government
• clerical works of local government

• 自治町村
• bor.
• borough

• 自治地域
• Autonomous country subdivisions

• 学生自治会
• student body
• student council
• Student Association
• Students' union

• 地方自治体
• local authority
• local government
• locality
• local self-governing body
• municipality
• Local public bodies
• local autonomous entity
• local public body
• local autonomy

• 地方自治法
• Local Autonomy Law (1947)
• Local Government Act
• The Local Autnomy Law

• 三重自治区
• Miejichiku

• 自治医大駅
• Jichiidai Station (st)
• Jichi-Idai Station

• 自治研修所
• Jiji Training Institute
• Jichi Training Institute

• 自治体学会
• Japan Association of Local Government Policy Studies

• 青葉自治区
• Aobajichiku

• 自治共和国
• autonomous republic

• 地方自治の
• municipal

• 関係自治体
• Related municipalities and prefectures

• 沿岸自治体
• Municipalities along the shore

• 自治行政局
• Local Administration Bureau

• 自治財政局
• Local Public Finance Bureau

• 自治税務局
• Local Tax Bureau

• 自治大学校
• Local Autonomy College

• マリ自治州
• Mari Autonomous Oblast

• 基礎自治体
• Municipality

• 自治振興課
• Local Administration Division

• コソボ自治州
• Kosovo province

• ツーバ自治州
• Tuvinskaya Avtonomnaya Oblast

• 自治医科大学
• Jichi Medical School

• 地方自治体の
• municipal
• communal

• 自治権のある
• autonomous

• 流域の自治体
• Municipalities along the river
• Municipalities in the river basin
• Basin municipalities
• Municipalities in basin areas
• Autonomous bodies through which the river flows

• 自治司法組織
• an autonomous judiciary

• バスク自治州
• Basque Country (autonomous community)

• ユダヤ自治州
• Jewish Autonomous Oblast

• 東郷族自治県
• Dongxiang Autonomous County

• マリ自治共和国
• Maryskaya ASSR

• 環境自治体会議
• Coalition of Local Government for Environmental Initiative, Japan

• 寧夏回族自治区
• Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (China)
• Ningsia Hui Autonomous Region

• 関係自治体説明
• explanation to related municipalities

• 友好自治体提携
• cooperation of friendship municipalities

• 意志自治の原則
• principle of party autonomy

• 学生自治会協会
• Association of Student Governments

• チベット自治区
• Tibet Autonomous Region

• 自治領･州代表
• agent-general

• 郡内自治体変遷
• History of municipalities in Naka-gun

• 隣接する自治体
• Neighboring municipalities
• Adjacent municipalities
• Adjacent Cities
• Neighboring autonomous body

• 自治体によって
• by municipality

• 滋賀県の自治体
• Shiga

• 広島県の自治体
• Hiroshima

• 茨城県の自治体
• Ibaraki

• 徳島県の自治体
• Tokushima

• 三重県の自治体
• Mie

• ネネツ自治管区
• Nenets Autonomous Okrug

• 東ルメリ自治州
• Eastern Rumelia

• 福岡県の自治体
• Fukuoka

• 景東イ族自治県
• Jingdong Yi Autonomous County

• 佐賀県の自治体
• Saga Prefecture

• ガガウズ自治区
• Gagauzia

• 高知県の自治体
• Kōchi Prefecture
• Kochi

• 新賓満族自治県
• Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County

• 楚雄イ族自治州
• Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture

• 寛甸満族自治県
• Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County

• 漾ビイ族自治県
• Yangbi Yi Autonomous County

• ビオコ自治運動
• Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island

• 島根県の自治体
• Shimane

• 青森県の自治体
• Aomori

• 南澗イ族自治県
• Nanjian Yi Autonomous County

• 豊寧満族自治県
• Fengning Manchu Autonomous County

• 涼山イ族自治州
• Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture

• 静岡県の自治体
• Shizuoka

• 石林イ族自治県
• Shilin Yi Autonomous County

• 石川県の自治体
• Ishikawa

• 群馬県の自治体
• Gunma

• 鳥取県の自治体
• Tottori

• 奈良県の自治体
• Nara Prefecture

• 長野県の自治体
• Nagano

• 山形県の自治体
• Yamagata

• 地方自治開発省
• Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports

• 千葉県の自治体
• Chiba

• 長崎県の自治体
• Nagasaki

• 昌吉回族自治州
• Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture

• 滄源ワ族自治県
• Cangyuan Va Autonomous County

• 熊本県の自治体
• Kumamoto

• 化隆回族自治県
• Hualong Hui Autonomous County

• 新潟県の自治体
• Niigata

• 岡山県の自治体
• Okayama

• アラシュ自治国
• Alash Autonomy

• 馬辺イ族自治県
• Mabian Yi Autonomous County

• 福島県の自治体
• Fukushima

• 香川県の自治体
• Kagawa

• 清原満族自治県
• Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County

• 京都府の自治体
• Kyoto

• 桓仁満族自治県
• Huanren Manchu Autonomous County

• ロシアの自治州
• Autonomous oblasts of Russia

• 沖縄県の自治体
• Okinawa

• トレント自治県
• Trentino

• 埼玉県の自治体
• Saitama

• 門源回族自治県
• Menyuan Hui Autonomous County

• 世宗特別自治市
• Sejong City

• 宮崎県の自治体
• Miyazaki

• 孟村回族自治県
• Mengcun Hui Autonomous County

• 秋田県の自治体
• Akita

• 大阪府の自治体
• Osaka

• 本渓満族自治県
• Benxi Manchu Autonomous County

• 岩手県の自治体
• Iwate

• 岫巖満族自治県
• Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County

• 済州特別自治道
• Jeju Province

• 富山県の自治体
• Toyama

• 隆林各族自治県
• Longlin Various Nationalities Autonomous County

• 大廠回族自治県
• Dachang Hui Autonomous County

• 大分県の自治体
• Oita

• 山梨県の自治体
• Yamanashi

• 兵庫県の自治体
• Hyogo

• 西盟ワ族自治県
• Ximeng Va Autonomous County

• 焉耆回族自治県
• Yanqi Hui Autonomous County

• 愛知県の自治体
• Aichi

• 東京都の自治体
• Tokyo

• 山口県の自治体
• Yamaguchi

• 峨山イ族自治県
• Eshan Yi Autonomous County

• 峨辺イ族自治県
• Ebian Yi Autonomous County

• 福井県の自治体
• Fukui

• 伊通満族自治県
• Yitong Manchu Autonomous County

• 宮城県の自治体
• Miyagi

• 竜勝各族自治県
• Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County

• 臨夏回族自治州
• Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture

• 寛城満族自治県
• Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County

• 栃木県の自治体
• Tochigi

• 岐阜県の自治体
• Gifu

• 愛媛県の自治体
• Ehime

• 非核自治体宣言
• nuclear-free declaration (by local governments)

• 自治体国際化協会
• Council of Local Authorities for International Relations
• CLAIR

• シーツァン自治区
• Xiza'ng territory

• 内モンゴル自治区
• Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (China)
• Ne`i Mongol territory

• 日本地方自治学会
• Japan Association for the Study of Local Government

• 英連邦内の自治領
• dominion

• 自治体名京田辺市
• Name of Municipality: Kyoutanabe City

• 「自由自治元年」
• First year of Free Autonomy'

• 寄宿舎生活の自治
• Autonomy of Dormitory Life

• 自治紛争処理委員
• Comissioner for Local Dispute Management

• パレスチナ自治区
• Palestinian Territory, Occupied
• Palestinian territories

• 自治体の幹部役人
• an important municipal official

• 地方自治体の政府
• the government of a municipality

• 英国連邦の自治州
• an independent state within the British Commonwealth

• 大理ペー族自治州
• Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture

• 長白朝鮮族自治県
• Changbai Korean Autonomous County

• 景寧シェ族自治県
• Jingning She Autonomous County

• タイミル自治管区
• Taymyr Autonomous Okrug

• 西ボスニア自治州
• Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia

• スペインの自治州
• Autonomous communities of Spain
• Administrative divisions of Spain

• 金秀ヤオ族自治県
• Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County

• 神奈川県の自治体
• Kanagawa

• 冀東防共自治政府
• East Hebei Autonomous Council

• 寧ロウイ族自治県
• Ninglang Yi Autonomous County

• ハエン県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Jaén (Spain)

• 維西リス族自治県
• Weixi Lisu Autonomous County

• レオン県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of León

• チュクチ自治管区
• Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

• シ江トン族自治県
• Zhijiang Dong Autonomous County

• オロチョン自治旗
• Oroqen Autonomous Banner

• 昌江リー族自治県
• Changjiang Li Autonomous County

• 玉竜ナシ族自治県
• Yulong Naxi Autonomous County

• 三都スイ族自治県
• Sandu Shui Autonomous County

• 張家川回族自治県
• Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County

• 富川ヤオ族自治県
• Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County

• 大化ヤオ族自治県
• Dahua Yao Autonomous County

• アラバ県の自治体
• Municipalities in Álava

• 蒙古聯合自治政府
• Mengjiang

• 通道トン族自治県
• Tongdao Dong Autonomous County

• 瀾滄ラフ族自治県
• Lancang Lahu Autonomous County

• 玉屏トン族自治県
• Yuping Dong Autonomous County

• 新晃トン族自治県
• Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County

• 台湾民主自治同盟
• Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League

• 和歌山県の自治体
• Wakayama

• 乳源ヤオ族自治県
• Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County

• 鹿児島県の自治体
• Kagoshima

• 三江トン族自治県
• Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County

• チュヴァシ自治州
• Chuvash Autonomous Oblast

• 白沙リー族自治県
• Baisha Li Autonomous County

• 連南ヤオ族自治県
• Liannan Yao Autonomous County

• ソリア県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Soria

• 恭城ヤオ族自治県
• Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County

• 互助トゥ族自治県
• Huzhu Tu Autonomous County

• 河口ヤオ族自治県
• Hekou Yao Autonomous County

• マラガ県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Málaga

• 陵水リー族自治県
• Lingshui Li Autonomous County

• 自治州 (中国)
• Autonomous prefectures of the People's Republic of China

• 楽東リー族自治県
• Ledong Li Autonomous County

• 怒江リス族自治州
• Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture

• 都安ヤオ族自治県
• Du'an Yao Autonomous County

• 江華ヤオ族自治県
• Jianghua Yao Autonomous County

• カルムイク自治州
• Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast

• 巴馬ヤオ族自治県
• Bama Yao Autonomous County

• 墨江ハニ族自治県
• Mojiang Hani Autonomous County

• アビラ県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Ávila

• 延辺朝鮮族自治州
• Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture

• ロシアの自治管区
• Autonomous okrugs of Russia

• 第八章 地方自治
• CHAPTER VIII. LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT

• アルドメリ自治領
• Aldmeri Dominion

• ヤクート自治共和国
• Yakutskaya ASSR

• 欧州地方自治体会議
• Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe

• 広西チワン族自治区
• Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (China)
• Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region

• 国際地方自治体連合
• International Union of Local Authorities

• 自治体衛星通信機構
• Local Authorities Satellite Communications
• LASCOM

• 新疆ウイグル自治区
• the Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Region

• 地方自治体開発財団
• Local Government Development Foundation

• 政府・自治体の保護
• Government and Local Community Protection

• 隣接している自治体
• Neighboring municipalities
• Adjacent municipalities

• 隣接していた自治体
• Formerly adjacent municipalities

• バルセロナ自治大学
• Autonomous University of Barcelona

• 地方自治体との協定
• Agreement with local government
• Agreement with the local government

• 地方自治体の出納係
• the treasurer of a municipal corporation

• デンマークの自治州
• a self-governing province of Denmark

• 粛南ユグル族自治県
• Sunan Yugur Autonomous County

• イリ・カザフ自治州
• Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture

• ムルシア州の自治体
• Municipalities in the Region of Murcia

• 巍山イ族回族自治県
• Weishan Yi and Hui Autonomous County

• エヴェンキ自治管区
• Evenk Autonomous Okrug

• ガリシア州の自治体
• Municipalities in Galicia

• イスラエルの自治体
• Subdivisions of Israel

• モリ・カザフ自治県
• Mori Kazakh Autonomous County

• 尋甸回族イ族自治県
• Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County

• 北川チャン族自治県
• Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County

• ジローナ県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Girona

• カイヌー県の自治体
• Municipalities of Kainuu Region

• ボルツァーノ自治県
• South Tyrol

• エヴェンキ族自治旗
• Evenk Autonomous Banner

• 城歩ミャオ族自治県
• Chengbu Miao Autonomous County

• リェイダ県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Lleida

• ロシア連邦の自治州
• Autonomous oblasts of Russia

• 麻陽ミャオ族自治県
• Mayang Miao Autonomous County

• タラゴナ県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Tarragona

• スイスの基礎自治体
• Communes of Switzerland

• バダホス県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Badajoz

• グラナダ県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Granada

• ガリシア自治州議会
• Parliament of Galicia

• 松桃ミャオ族自治県
• Songtao Miao Autonomous County

• カセレス県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Cáceres

• カディス県の自治体
• Municipalities of the Province of Cádiz

• ウエルバ県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Huelva

• ユダヤ自治州の都市
• Cities and towns in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast

• 屏辺ミャオ族自治県
• Pingbian Miao Autonomous County

• セビリア県の自治体
• Municipalities of the Province of Seville

• パレスチナ自治政府
• Palestinian National Authority

• ナバーラ州の自治体
• Municipalities in Navarre

• 融水ミャオ族自治県
• Rongshui Miao Autonomous County

• ゴルノアルタイ自治州
• Gorno-Altayskaya Avtonomnaya Oblast'
• Gorno-Altayskaya Autonomous Region
• Gorno-Altayskaya AO

• アジャール自治共和国
• Adzharskaya Avtonomnaya Respublika

• バシキール自治共和国
• Bashkirskaya ASSR

• 日本地方自治研究学会
• Nippon Urban Management and Local Government Research Association
• NUMLGRA

• 国際環境自治体協議会
• International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives

• 地方自治体開発の酒米
• Sakamai developed by the municipality

• 政府広報、自治体広報
• Public service announcement, and municipality PR

• 地方自治体開発の酵母
• Yeasts developed by local municipalities

• 地方自治体の行政単位
• an administrative unit of local government

• 粛北モンゴル族自治県
• Subei Mongol Autonomous County

• バレンシア県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Valencia

• 長陽トゥチャ族自治県
• Changyang Tujia Autonomous County

• 環江マオナン族自治県
• Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County

• アイスランドの自治体
• Municipalities of Iceland

• 大通回族トゥ族自治県
• Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County

• ソビエト連邦の自治州
• Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union

• 羅城モーラオ族自治県
• Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County

• 天祝チベット族自治県
• Bairi Tibetan Autonomous County
• Tenzhu Tibetan Autonomous County

• メキシコ国立自治大学
• National Autonomous University of Mexico

• 景谷タイ族イ族自治県
• Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County

• 江城ハニ族イ族自治県
• Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County

• 民和回族トゥ族自治県
• Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County

• 耿馬タイ族ワ族自治県
• Gengma Dai and Va Autonomous County

• バルセロナ県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Barcelona

• 阜新モンゴル族自治県
• Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County

• 玉樹チベット族自治州
• Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

• 海北チベット族自治州
• Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

• 寧ジハニ族イ族自治県
• Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County

• コソボ社会主義自治州
• Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo

• 寧夏回族自治区の交通
• Transport in Ningxia

• 黄南チベット族自治州
• Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

• 五峰トゥチャ族自治県
• Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County

• アルメリア県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Almería

• 沿河トゥチャ族自治県
• Yanhe Tujia Autonomous County

• 新平イ族タイ族自治県
• Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County

• 河南モンゴル族自治県
• Henan Mongol Autonomous County

• 甘南チベット族自治州
• Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

• ネネツ自治管区の都市
• Cities and towns in Nenets Autonomous Okrug

• チュクチ自治管区の旗
• Flag of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

• 石柱トゥチャ族自治県
• Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County

• アジャリア自治共和国
• Adjara

• マドリード州の自治体
• Municipalities in the Community of Madrid

• 紅河ハニ族イ族自治州
• Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture

• オウレンセ県の自治体
• Municipalities in Ourense

• 海南チベット族自治州
• Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

• 循化サラール族自治県
• Xunhua Salar Autonomous County

• ロシア連邦の自治管区
• Autonomous okrugs of Russia

• 全日本学生自治会総連合
• All-Japan Federation of Student Self-Government Associations
• Zengakuren

• ナヒチェバン自治共和国
• Nakhichevanskaya Avtonomnaya Respublika

• ニンシヤホイツー自治区
• Ni'ngxia' Hui'zu territory

• 地方自治体による開発。
• Developed by the municipality

• （自治体名は主な流域）
• (The names of municipalities in the main basin are shown.)

• 種別：寺内町、自治都市
• Type: Jinai-cho, autonomous city

• 近代地方自治のはじまり
• Beginning of Modern Local Autonomy

• メトロポリタン自治大学
• Metropolitan Autonomous University

• スコットランドの自治区
• a borough in Scotland

• ニューヨーク市の自治区
• a borough of New York City

• 英連邦の自治国家の1つ
• one of the self-governing nations in the British Commonwealth

• ポンテベドラ県の自治体
• Municipalities in Pontevedra

• ムリ・チベット族自治県
• Mili Tibetan Autonomous County

• バルクル・カザフ自治県
• Barköl Kazakh Autonomous County

• スペインの自治州旗一覧
• Flags of the autonomous communities of Spain

• アルバセーテ県の自治体
• Municipalities of the Province of Albacete

• 海外領土・自治領の一覧
• Dependent territory

• 禄勧イ族ミャオ族自治県
• Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County

• 自治運動 (イタリア)
• Movement for Autonomies

• ヤマロ・ネネツ自治管区
• Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

• 蘭坪ペー族プミ族自治県
• Lanping Bai and Pumi Autonomous County

• カタルーニャ州の自治体
• Municipalities in Catalonia

• カンタブリア州の自治体
• Municipalities in Cantabria

• チュクチ自治管区の都市
• Cities and towns in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

• 自治・独立運動旗の一覧
• Flags of active autonomist and secessionist movements

• ゴルノ・アルタイ自治州
• Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast

• 内モンゴル自治区の交通
• Transport in Inner Mongolia

• ゴルノバダフシャン自治州
• Gorno-Badakhshanskaya Avtonomnaya Oblast'
• Gorno-Badakhshanskaya Autonomous Region
• Gorno-Badakhshanskaya AO

• シンチヤンウイグル自治区
• Xinjiang Uygur territory

• 自治体衛星通信山口管制局
• Jichitaieiseitsuushinyamaguchikanseikyoku

• 地方自治体の法定外普通税
• local discretionary tax

• 地方自治体の法定外目的税
• local discretionary tax for specific purposes

• チベット自治区 桑耶寺塔
• Stupa of Sam Ye Temple in Tibet Autonomous Region

• 日本四大自治寮のひとつ。
• It is one of the four major autonomous student dormitories in Japan.

• 日韓地方自治研究センター
• Center for Japan-Korea Local Governance Study

• イングランド自治区の市民
• a citizen of an English borough

• 地方自治が資金を供給する
• municipally funded

• 自治体に認められた指導者
• the acknowledged leader of the community

• バレアレス諸島州の自治体
• Municipalities in the Balearic Islands

• 南アトランティコ自治地域
• Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur

• 新疆ウイグル自治区の交通
• Transport in Xinjiang

• カンゼ・チベット族自治州
• Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

• クリミア自治共和国の国旗
• Flag of Crimea

• 済州特別自治道出身の人物
• People from Jeju Province

• 保亭リー族ミャオ族自治県
• Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County

• ジュネーヴ州の基礎自治体
• Municipalities of the Canton of Geneva

• ア・コルーニャ県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of A Coruña

• アクサイ・カザフ族自治県
• Aksai Kazakh Autonomous County

• モンテネグロの基礎自治体
• Municipalities of Montenegro

• 国際連合非自治地域リスト
• United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories

• 北アトランティコ自治地域
• Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte

• ソビエト連邦の自治共和国
• Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union

• 内モンゴル自治区の鉄道駅
• Railway stations in Inner Mongolia

• ボルタラ・モンゴル自治州
• Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture

• 鎮寧プイ族ミャオ族自治県
• Zhenning Buyei and Miao Autonomous County

• アストゥリアス州の自治体
• Municipalities in Asturias

• 海外領土・自治領の旗一覧
• Gallery of flags of dependent territories

• 靖州ミャオ族トン族自治県
• Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County

• 非自治郡 (アラスカ州)
• Unorganized Borough, Alaska

• クズルス・キルギス自治州
• Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture

• シウダ・レアル県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Ciudad Real

• 紫雲ミャオ族プイ族自治県
• Ziyun Miao and Buyei Autonomous County

• アメリカ合衆国の地方自治
• Local government in the United States

• バリャドリッド県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Valladolid

• ハンティ・マンシ自治管区
• Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

• 瓊中リー族ミャオ族自治県
• Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County

• 連山チワン族ヤオ族自治県
• Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County

• アガ・ブリヤート自治管区
• Agin-Buryat Okrug

• 寧夏回族自治区出身の人物
• People from Ningxia

• 囲場満族モンゴル族自治県
• Weichang Manchu and Mongol Autonomous County

• 寧夏回族自治区の行政区画
• Ningxia

• コミュニティ・地方自治省
• Department for Communities and Local Government

• チベット自治区の行政区画
• Tibet Autonomous Region

• 関嶺プイ族ミャオ族自治県
• Guanling Buyei and Miao Autonomous County

• 広西チワン族自治区の交通
• Transport in Guangxi

• ゴロク・チベット族自治州
• Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

• チャプチャル・シベ自治県
• Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County

• ナヒチェヴァン自治共和国
• Nakhchivan

• 黔南プイ族ミャオ族自治州
• Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

• ソビエト社会主義自治共和国
• autonomous soviet socialist republic
• ASSR

• 環境創造自治体ネットワーク
• Local Government Network for the Creation of Sound Environments

• 自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• 自治体･通信会社の通信施設
• Communication facilities of the local government and communications companies

• 地方自治体との協定及び交流
• Agreements and exchanges with local governments

• 黒海のジョージアの自治地区
• an autonomous province of Georgia on the Black Sea

• ニューヨークシティの自治区
• a borough of New York City

• 貢山トールン族ヌー族自治県
• Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County

• 黔東南ミャオ族トン族自治州
• Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture

• 内モンゴル自治区の行政区画
• Inner Mongolia

• ゴルノ・バダフシャン自治州
• Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province

• 文山チワン族ミャオ族自治州
• Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

• 海外領土・自治領の紋章一覧
• Coats of arms of dependent territories

• パレスチナ自治区の行政区画
• Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority

• ホボクサル・モンゴル自治県
• Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County

• デチェン・チベット族自治州
• Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

• ラサ駅 (チベット自治区)
• Lhasa Railway Station

• 孟連タイ族ラフ族ワ族自治県
• Menglian Dai, Lahu and Va Autonomous County

• メキシコ国立自治大学の教員
• National Autonomous University of Mexico faculty

• 徳宏タイ族チンポー族自治州
• Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture

• ドルボド・モンゴル族自治県
• Dorbod Mongol Autonomous County

• 黔西南プイ族ミャオ族自治州
• Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

• 中華人民共和国の民族自治県
• Autonomous counties of the People's Republic of China

• 元江ハニ族イ族タイ族自治県
• Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County

• 中華人民共和国の民族自治州
• Autonomous prefectures of the People's Republic of China

• 地区自治体 (南アフリカ)
• District municipality (South Africa)

• 威寧イ族回族ミャオ族自治県
• Weining Yi, Hui, and Miao Autonomous County

• 地方自治体 (南アフリカ)
• Local municipality (South Africa)

• コワンシーチョワンツー自治区
• Guangxi Zhua'ngzu' territory

• 内蒙古自治区黄土高原植林事業
• Inner-Mongolia Loess Plateau Afforestation Project

• 各自治体が取り組みをします。
• Each municipality has a strategy.

• 真武閣（広西チワン族自治区）
• Zhenwu Pavillon (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region)

• 地方自治体が財産に課す資本税
• a capital tax on property imposed by municipalities

• 市より小さな自治体に住む人々
• the people living in a municipality smaller than a city

• 新疆ウイグル自治区出身の人物
• People from Xinjiang

• 広西チワン族自治区出身の人物
• People from Guangxi

• 務川コーラオ族ミャオ族自治県
• Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County

• マケドニア共和国の基礎自治体
• Municipalities of the Republic of Macedonia

• モリンダワ・ダウール族自治旗
• Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner

• タシュクルガン・タジク自治県
• Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County

• カラチン左翼モンゴル族自治県
• Harqin Left Wing Mongol Autonomous County

• 新疆ウイグル自治区の行政区画
• Prefecture-level divisions of Xinjiang

• 前ゴルロス・モンゴル族自治県
• Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County

• バインゴリン・モンゴル自治州
• Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture

• 南アフリカ共和国の地方自治体
• Municipalities of South Africa

• 印江トゥチャ族ミャオ族自治県
• Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County

• 彭水ミャオ族トゥチャ族自治県
• Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County

• シーサンパンナ・タイ族自治州
• Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture

• 広西チワン族自治区の行政区画
• Guangxi
• Prefecture-level divisions of Guangxi

• 鎮ゲンイ族ハニ族ラフ族自治県
• Zhenyuan Yi, Hani and Lahu Autonomous County

• 湘西トゥチャ族ミャオ族自治州
• Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

• 道真コーラオ族ミャオ族自治県
• Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County

• 秀山トゥチャ族ミャオ族自治県
• Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County

• 酉陽トゥチャ族ミャオ族自治県
• Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County

• 恩施トゥチャ族ミャオ族自治州
• Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

• ヤマロ・ネネツ自治管区の都市
• Cities and towns in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

• ※自治体名の後は登場する時代。
• *(area and period of costumes)

• この日が「自治記念日」となる。
• This day marks 'the day of autonomy.'

• 堺市と同様の自治都市であった。
• It was an autonomous city like Sakai City.

• 彼は、自治区大統領に立候補した
• He was slated for borough president

• アバ・チベット族チャン族自治州
• Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture

• イスラム教徒ミンダナオ自治地域
• Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

• マリ自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• ヴォイヴォディナ社会主義自治州
• Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina

• 山岳自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• 金平ミャオ族ヤオ族タイ族自治県
• Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County

• 海西モンゴル族チベット族自治州
• Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

• マデイラ自治地域の自治政府主席
• Presidents of the Regional Government of Madeira

• ハンティ・マンシ自治管区の都市
• Cities and towns in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

• ノーザンテリトリーの地方自治体
• Local government areas of the Northern Territory

• コミ自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• 庶民の相互扶助や自治としての普請
• Fushin as mutual aid and local autonomy

• 自治と団結を進め、文化を作った。
• Emphasizing autonomy and unity, it developed its unique culture.

• 組織的で自治能力を持つ都市の区域
• an urban district having corporate status and powers of self-government

• スコットランドの国教会派の自治部
• an autonomous branch of the Anglican Communion in Scotland

• カザフ自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Kazak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• ウスチオルダ・ブリヤート自治管区
• Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug

• アメリカ合衆国の通常自治体の首長
• Mayors of places in the United States

• ハンティ・マンシ自治管区・ユグラ
• Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

• タジク自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• アブハズソビエト社会主義自治共和国
• Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
• Abkhaz ASSR

• 気候変動に関する世界自治体サミット
• Local Government Leaders' Summit on Climate Change

• （「地方自治体開発の酒米」参照）。
• (Refer to 'Sakamai developed by the municipality.')

• 1967年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1967, developed by the municipality

• 1974年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1974, developed by the municipality

• 1987年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1987, developed by the municipality

• 1990年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1990, developed by the municipality

• 1991年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1991, developed by the municipality

• 1959年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1959, developed by the municipality

• 1986年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1986, developed by the municipality

• 1992年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1992, developed by the municipality

• 1994年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1994, developed by the municipality

• 1996年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1996, developed by the municipality

• 1939年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1939, developed by the municipality

• 1956年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1956, developed by the municipality

• 1972年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1972, developed by the municipality

• 1988年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1988, developed by the municipality

• 1933年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1933, developed by the municipality

• 1923年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1923, developed by the municipality

• 1924年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1924, developed by the municipality

• 1925年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1925, developed by the municipality

• 1928年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1928, developed by the municipality

• 1935年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1935, developed by the municipality

• 1941年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1941, developed by the municipality

• 1966年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1966, developed by the municipality

• 1970年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1970, developed by the municipality

• 1973年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1973, developed by the municipality

• 1977年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1977, developed by the municipality

• 1985年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1985, developed by the municipality

• 1997年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1997, developed by the municipality

• 自治体が放流を禁じている例もある。
• Some local governments prohibit any discharge of lanterns and other objects into the sea and river.

• 今井町奈良県橿原市寺内町・自治都市
• Imai-cho, Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture, temple town and autonomous city

• 多少なりとも自治的な連邦組織の思想
• the idea of a federal organization of more or less self-governing units

• アイルランドの英国国教会の自治支局
• autonomous branch of the Church of England in Ireland

• いくつかの欧州諸国での自治体の選挙
• communal elections in several European countries

• まだ自治に至っていない、初期の国家
• an embryonic nation, not yet self-governing

• 地方自治体の司法手段は適切ですか?
• are the judicial instrumentalities of local governments adequate?

• クリミア自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• トゥヴァ自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• 大学都市 (メキシコ国立自治大学)
• Ciudad Universitaria

• カレリア自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• アブハズ自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• ヤクート自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• コモンウェルス (米国自治連邦区)
• Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)

• アラカント県/アリカンテ県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Alicante

• タタール自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• アジャールソビエト社会主義自治共和国
• Adzhar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
• Adzhar ASSR

• バシキールソビエト社会主義自治共和国
• Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
• Bashkir ASSR

• ブリャートソビエト社会主義自治共和国
• Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
• Buryat ASSR

• 自治体が子どもの権利条例を制定する。
• The local government enacts children's rights ordinances.

• 以下は通勤率上位5つの自治体である。
• The five municipalities with the highest commuting rates are shown below.

• オルドス砂漠（中国内モンゴル自治区）
• The Ordos Desert (located in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China)

• 京都市、大阪市など、29市町村自治体
• The agreement with 29 municipalities, including Kyoto and Osaka City

• テムズ川のグレーターロンドンの自治区
• a borough of Greater London on the Thames

• 地方自治体によって世帯で徴収される税
• a tax levied on households by local authorities

• 地域の自治政府を持つ町や市に住む人々
• people living in a town or city having local self-government

• ブリヤート自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• カルムイク自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• バシキール自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• 北オセチア自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• アジャリア自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Adjar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• 双江ラフ族ワ族プーラン族タイ族自治県
• Shuangjiang Lahu, Va, Blang and Dai Autonomous County

• チュヴァシ自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• ダゲスタン自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• ウドムルト自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• 公共事業としての普請や自治としての普請
• Fushin as public works project and fushin as local autonomy

• 大きくて人口の密集した自治体に住む人々
• people living in a large densely populated municipality

• 消防や消火に責任を負う地方自治体の機関
• the department of local government responsible for preventing and extinguishing fires

• フェロー諸島を占めるデンマークの自治領
• a self-governing colony that is a possession of Denmark in the Faroe Islands

• その下水処理場は近隣の自治体に貢献した
• The sewage plant served the neighboring communities

• カステリョー県/カステリョン県の自治体
• Municipalities in the Province of Castellón

• モルドヴィア自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• カラカルパク自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• モルダヴィア自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• トルキスタン自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• 設置される基準は自治体により様々である。
• The standards for deciding whether to build nokotsudo or not vary from town to town.

• キジル千仏洞（中国・新疆ウイグル自治区）
• Kizil Thousand Buddha Cave: Sinkiang Uigur Autonomous Region, China

• いくつかの地方自治体では開発を禁止した。
• Localities imposed bans on development.

• ナヒチェヴァン自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• かつては「びわ町」という自治体も存在した。
• There once was a municipality described as 'Biwa-cho' (Biwa in hiragana and cho in kanji).

• 全日本学生自治会総連合には加盟していない。
• The association is not affiliated with the All-Japan Federation of Students' Self-Governing Associations.

• 新地方自治法第百五十六条第四項の適用の特例
• Special Provisions for Application of Article 156, Paragraph (4) of the New Local Autonomy Act

• その教師は学生自治委員会の決定を支持した。
• The teacher affirmed the decision of the student council.

• 州と自治体へ連邦税収入の一部を分配すること
• distribution of part of the federal tax income to states and municipalities

• そのグループはポルトガルの自治領を形成する
• the group forms an autonomous region of Portugal

• 自治体の中で最も計算高い、利己的な男性たち
• the most calculating and selfish men in the community

• 自治によるキリスト教民主主義 (イタリア)
• Christian Democracy for Autonomies

• ゴルノ・アルタイ自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• 新疆ウイグル自治区水資源管理・砂漠化防止事業
• Xinjiang Water-saving Irrigation Project

• ベゼクリク千仏洞（中国・新疆ウイグル自治区）
• Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves: Sinkiang Uigur Autonomous Region, China

• 奈良県橿原市今井町1993年寺内町・自治都市
• Imai-cho, Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture, 1993, temple town and autonomous city

• 江戸時代は八幡宮の神領として自治を許される。
• In the Edo period, Yamazaki was granted autonomy as the domain of the Hachimangu Shrine.

• 1985年4月、自治大臣は古都税創設を許可。
• April 1985: The Minister of Home Affairs approved the enforcement of the Old Capital Tax.

• その成功を見て、湖北の各自治体も動き出した。
• The local governments of the Kohoku area also began to take action, encouraged by the success of Nagahama.

• 通信教育課程の全学生を対象とした学生自治会。
• This is the student association for the students of the Correspondence Division.

• 地方自治体の時代が来たといわれてから久しい。
• It has been long since they said the time of local government had come.

• ゴミの収集や処理に責任がある地方自治体の部署
• the department of local government responsible for collecting and disposing of garbage

• 自治体の政府の、または、自治体の政府に関する
• of or relating to the government of a municipality

• 地方自治体による地方自治体自身を規制する規則
• a rule adopted by an organization in order to regulate its own affairs and the behavior of its members

• 積石山バオアン族ドンシャン族サラール族自治県
• Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County

• ラードゥジヌイ (ハンティ・マンシ自治管区)
• Raduzhny, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

• カバルダ・バルカル自治ソビエト社会主義共和国
• Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• 1956（昭和31）年、地方自治体による開発。
• In 1956, developed by the municipality

• ヴォルガ・ドイツ人自治ソヴィエト社会主義共和国
• Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

• また、自治体によっては「特殊公衆浴場」とも呼ぶ。
• Some autonomous bodies call other public bathhouses 'special public bathhouses.'

• 火葬場での友引休業を廃止する自治体も増えている。
• The autonomous bodies, which abolish the tomobiki closing of crematories, have increased.

• 地方自治体の特徴、それに属するまたはそれに関する
• relating or belonging to or characteristic of a municipality

• 自治体が４月から一時金の受取代理制度を実施します。
• From April, the local government will implement a lump-sum proxy recipient program.

• 日本で唯一全域が古都保存法対象地域の自治体である。
• The entire village is the only municipality supported by 'Koto Hozon ho' (The Ancient Capitals Preservation Law).

• グルバンテュンギュト砂漠（中国新疆ウイグル自治区）
• The Gurbantunggut Desert (located in Sinkiang Uigur Autonomous Region in China)

• - 樺太町村制が公示され、町村に自治制が敷かれる。
• Official announcement of system of towns and villages on Karafuto, towns and villages were given the status of self-governing body.

• 京都大学の学生寮は広範な自治活動が認められている。
• Student dormitories of Kyoto University are allowed wide-ranging activities of autonomy.

• 米国のプエルトリコ島占領にともない、自治州となった
• a self-governing commonwealth associated with the United States occupying the island of Puerto Rico

• 中央から地方組織や地方自治体へ権力を分散させること
• the spread of power away from the center to local branches or governments

• ヴォイヴォディナ自治州 (1945年-1963年)
• Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (1945–1963)

• コソボ・メトヒヤ自治州 (1990年-1999年)
• Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija

• コソボ・メトヒヤ自治州 (1946年-1974年)
• Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (1946–1974)

• 詳細は地元自治体の清掃局などに問い合わせして欲しい。
• For more details, you should contact the cleansing department of your local government.

• 琵琶湖に接する自治体は以下の通り（北から時計回り）。
• The following are the municipalities on the shore of Lake Biwa (clockwise from the north):

• 村（むら、そん）とは、集落や基礎自治体の一種である。
• A village (mura or son) refers to a sort of community, a municipality.

• 中世には寺内町である今井町が自治都市として発展した。
• In medieval times, Imai-cho as Jinai-cho (temple villages) was developed as an autonomous city.

• 吉田寮の入寮選考は吉田寮自治会によって行われている。
• Selection for entering the dormitory is conducted by the council of Yoshida dormitory.

• - 地方自治法 第二編 普通地方公共団体143項など
• For example, The Local Autonomy Law II, Ordinary local public entities, Clause 143

• 国の行政の一部である町または郡による地方の課題の自治
• self-government in local matters by a city or county that is part of a national government

• 1867年に自治領の資格を得たことを記念する法定休日
• a legal holiday in Canada commemorating receiving Dominion status in 1867

• 地方自治体の機関で、法令施行と犯罪防止に携わっている
• the department of local government concerned with enforcing the law and preventing crime

• グアムを除いたマリアナ諸島のすべてから成る自治の領土
• a self-governing territory comprising all of the Mariana Islands except Guam

• 川俣の元服式（1987年1月8日　日光市　川俣自治会）
• Kawamata's Genpuku-shiki coming-of-age ceremony (January 8, 1987; Nikko City; Kawamata Jichikai [Kawamata Residents' Association])

• これを「境内都市」（自治都市、宗教都市も参照）という。
• These were called 'Keidai toshi' (also refer to the articles on Autonomous city or Holy city).

• 地方自治体の仕事を遂行するために創設された永久的な部局
• a permanent department created to perform the work of a local government

• マンハッタン自治区が位置するニューヨーク湾の北の端の島
• an island at the north end of New York Bay where the borough of Manhattan is located

• その量は膨大で沿岸地方自治体の財政を圧迫するほどである。
• The volume of wreckage is so massive that it places an enormous financial burden on the municipalities in coastal regions.

• 都市部の自治的共同体の単位である町（ちょう）に相当する。
• The village corresponded to a town (cho), which was a unit of autonomous community in urban areas.

• なお、寄宿料のほか、水道光熱費、自治会費を別途徴収する。
• In addition to a boarding fee, students pay utility expenses and a membership fee for dormitory council.

• 通学課程の学部生のみが会員となる全員加盟制の学生自治会。
• All students (except students in the Correspondence Division) become members of the Student Association.

• 立法と行政官庁の委員会のメンバーを一体化させる地方自治体
• a municipal government that combines legislative and executive authority in the members of a commission

• 東スラヴォニア・バラニャおよび西スレム・セルビア人自治州
• Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia

• その後、自治都市として海の堺と同じく陸の今井として栄えた。
• The town subsequently flourished as a municipal borough being referred to as the inland Imai as opposed to Sakai along the sea.

• そのため、郡部ではお盆期間に成人式をする自治体が増加した。
• Therefore, the number of autonomous bodies holding the Seijin-shiki ceremony on the day of the Obon festival has increased in rural areas.

• 立地自治体は市町村合併に対して積極的な動きを見せていない。
• Due to this reason, municipalities with nuclear power plants do not actively promote municipal mergers.

• 設立にあたっては自治体の京都市がバックアップをおこなった。
• The Kyoto City government supported the establishment of the foundation.

• こうした要求活動を通じて惣村の自治権が強化されていく。
• The autonomy of the soson was increased through such demanding actions.

• 第二次世界大戦下の1943年の改正では自治権が縮小された。
• The revision of 1943 during the Second World War reduced the autonomy.

• 1860年に居留地の自治組織が警察を設置することになった。
• In 1860, a police force was created by the self-governing body of the foreign settlement.

• 織田信長により武装解除されてからは、自治都市として栄えた。
• The temple village flourished as an autonomous city after being disarmed by Nobunaga ODA.

• ドイツ・オランダ・フランドル地方・オーストリアの自治体の長
• a mayor of a municipality in Germany or Holland or Flanders or Austria

• パレスチナ暫定自治政府の結成以来大きな政治的役割を果たした
• has played a largely political role since the creation of the Palestine National Authority

• 蓮悟は辛うじて自治都市である和泉国堺市に逃げ込む事が出来た。
• Rengo was barely able to escape into Sakai City, Izumi Province, which was an autonomous city.

• 一方で、先にみたように自治体のニーズはますます高まっている。
• On the other hand, the needs of local public bodies are increasing as described above.

• それぞれの自治体においても、統計をとり、毎年、発表している。
• Local municipalities take and release the statistics every year.

• 合併時に三方上中郡を新設し、同郡に属する唯一の自治体である。
• Wakasa-cho is the only one municipality of Mikatakaminaka-gun, which was established at the time of the merger.

• この後、日蓮宗門徒は京都市中の警衛などにおける自治権を得た。
• Later followers of the Nichiren-sect gained autonomy for guarding the inside of Kyoto City.

• また、同法は自治体が独自の税目を創設できる旨も規定している。
• The act also allows each local government to establish its own tax items.

• 1984年7月、京都市は自治大臣へ古都税創設の申請を出した。
• July 1984: Kyoto City sent in an application to the Minister of Home Affairs for the establishment of the Old Capital Tax.

• 第二章 論邦国自治・自主之権（国家の自治・自主の権を論ずる）
• Chapter 2. 論邦国自治・自主之権(self-government of a nation and rights of autonomy are discussed.)

• 工事費約7億円は県や長浜市など地元自治体の負担でまかなった。
• The construction cost of about 0.7 billion yen was funded by the local governments, including Shiga Prefecture and Nagahama City.

• 沿線の自治体には電化費用捻出のための募金箱も設置されている。
• Donation boxes are set at municipal offices along the line in order to collect funds for electrification.

• 有罪となった犯罪者の処置を管理する役割を果たす地方自治の部門
• the department of local government that is responsible for managing the treatment of convicted offenders

• 幕府から自治権を委ねられて、領主・代官の町方支配の一翼を担う。
• With the autonomy delegated by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the family contributed to ruling by a feudal lord and local governors over people in the town.

• 地侍たちは一揆の結束を武器に、守護の支配を排して自治を行った。
• Jizamurai got rid of the control of Shugo and built autonomy by a bond of ikki.

• また、内務大臣、府県知事などの監督権が強く、自治権は弱かった。
• In addition, the Minister of Home Affairs and prefectural governors had the strong right to supervise, while autonomy was not sufficiently granted.

• 教育理念は、「自由自治」「国際主義」「凝集教育」「人間形成」。
• The philosophies on education are 'liberal autonomy,' 'international principle,' 'cohesive education' and 'foundation of the human being.'

• 「自治寮」という考え方については、学生運動の流れを汲んでいる。
• The idea of an 'autonomous dormitory came from a student movement.

• 同志社大学には自治寮とは別に大学が管理、運営する寮が存在する。
• There is a dormitory at Doshisha University which is managed and operated by the university, which is very different from the autonomy dormitory.

• グルジアとの国境にある北コーカサス山脈の南西ロシアの自治共和国
• an autonomous republic in southwestern Russia in the northern Caucasus Mountains bordering on Georgia

• 各教会が自治を行う、プロテスタントの一派の信仰と教会管理の体系
• system of beliefs and church government of a Protestant denomination in which each member church is self-governing

• 行政区画（基礎自治体）の単位として村という語を用いることもある。
• The word 村--village is used as a unit of an administrative district (a municipality), too.

• 中には戦国大名の承認の下で制限された自治を維持する惣村もあった。
• Some soson maintained their limited autonomy under the approval of the warring lords.

• こうした、花粉症ビジネスに参入する自治体の動きも記しておきたい。
• The movement of autonomous bodies into such hay fever businesses is particularly noteworthy.

• むしろ、放任から干渉に転換して住民自治を削る試みの一環であった。
• Rather, it was a part of an attempt to change from noninterference to interference and to reduce resident autonomy.

• 地方自治体が中央政府に服従することは必ずしも正しいとは思わない。
• I don't think it's always right for local governments to submit to the central government.

• 自治区または町でパートタイムとして働く法廷弁護士または事務弁護士
• a barrister or solicitor who serves as part-time judge in towns or boroughs

• 地方自治体によって制定され、施行される建築物の構造上の安全の基準
• set of standards established and enforced by local government for the structural safety of buildings

• トルコに賠償金を払って、自治領をアルメニアに割譲することを求める
• wants Turkey to pay reparations and cede territory to Armenia

• （例：自治会名「岩井新町」の街区は字「岩井」と「荒河」にまたがる。
• (e.g.: the city block of residents' association named 'Iwaishinmachi' lies astride Aza 'Iwai' and 'Araga.'

• 1485年 山城国一揆勃発、国人による自治政権成立（～1493年）
• 1485: 'Yamashiro no kuni ikki' (the riot in Yamashiro Province) occurred, and kokujin (influential local samurai) established their own government (until 1493).

• そのこともあって1972年に寮運営委員会は解散して自治寮になった。
• Because of that, the management of the dormitory committee was dissolved and it became an autonomous dormitory in 1972.

• 彼とその家臣団である御家人が朝廷からの自治の確立のために称された。
• This term was used for Yoritomo and his vassals, gokenin to establish control of the nation by themselves independent of the imperial court.

• 地方自治体では新しい開発プロジェクトを無理押ししようとしています。
• Local officials are twisting arms to push new development projects.

• 幸せをどう作っていくべきかをまず自治体が考えていかなければならない。
• First of all, municipalities have to think about how to make people happy.

• 西蔵密宗はチベット自治区や中国北部等を中心に現在も信仰が続いている。
• 西蔵密宗 has been believed until now around the autonomous region of Tibet and northern China.

• 中華人民共和国新疆ウィグル自治区クチャ キジル石窟第38窟内壁 壁画
• A statue of Maitreya: No. 38 cave interior wall, Kizil Cave, Kucha Prefecture, Xinjiang Uighur, China; mural

• 地方自治体で設置された土俵では頑丈なシートで俵を作成する場合もある。
• When dohyo is built by local governments, strong sheets are sometimes used to make bales.

• 自治としては江戸時代の町奉行の設立により、町単位で自治が認められた。
• For local autonomy, machi bugyo (town magistrates) were established in the Edo period, and autonomy was given to each machi (town).

• 蜷川虎三のいわゆる「革新自治体」も、京都市ではなく、京都府であった。
• Torazo NINAGAWA's so-called 'progressive autonomous body' is also for Kyoto Prefecture, not for Kyoto City.

• 読み方を「そん」「むら」のどちらになるのかは各自治体で規定している。
• Each municipality defines whether to read its village(s) 'son' or 'mura'.

• 1968年後期の寮自治会委員長として学生部封鎖や総長団交を推進した。
• He was the chairman of the dormitory council in the latter half of 1968 and spearheaded a blockade of the office of the student affairs department as well as negotiations with the president of the university.

• もっとも、府県会設置は、地方自治と議会制に向けた実質的前進であった。
• Setting up prefectural assemblies was substantial progress towards local autonomy and the parliamentary system.

• モンゴルとカザフスタンに接する境界から遠く離れた中国の北西部の自治区
• an autonomous province in far northwestern China on the border with Mongolia and Kazakhstan

• 地方自治のための戦いにおけるガンジーと共にいるインドの政治家で指導者
• Indian statesman and leader with Gandhi in the struggle for home rule

• 19世紀はフランスの植民地だったが1960年代初頭に自治を勝ち取った
• colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s

• 源泉の容量には限りがあり、配湯は組合や自治体等が行っていることが多い。
• Since the capacity of the source of hot water is limited, ryokan associations or local governments usually control the water distribution.

• 個人船と「もやい船」と呼ばれる自治会など地縁組織が合同で出す船である。
• Some boats are private ones while some are jointly sponsored boats called 'moyai-bune' which are built by local organizations, such as a neighborhood residents' associations.

• 奈良市内の各自治会や商店街がこの期間独自で燈花会を開催することがある。
• Sometimes the residents' communities and shopping arcades hold their own Tokae during this period.

• ジンギスカン紀元（ジンギスカン紀元。東部蒙古王公領・蒙古連合自治政府）
• Genghis Khan Era (Genghis Khan Era. Royal Territory of Eastern Mongolia, Mongolian United Autonomous Government).

• 江戸時代には百姓身分の自治結集の単位であり、中世の惣村を継承していた。
• A 'village' in the Edo period (1615-1868) was a unit of autonomous community of farming ranks that developed from medieval 惣村 (soson, a self-governing rural community).

• ※平成の大合併で消滅した自治体に関しては旧自治体名もあわせて表記する。
• *With respect to the local governments that became defunct as a result of the great Heisei merger, the names of former local governments are also listed.

• これにより明治時代において、全国統一の本格的な地方自治制度が確立した。
• A nationally-standardized local autonomy system was established during the Meiji period through these laws.

• モンゴル人民共和国、中国の内モンゴル自治区を含む、アジアの広範囲な地域
• a vast region in Asia including the Mongolian People's Republic and China's Inner Mongolia

• 各個教会の会衆が自治を行うべきとの立場をとっているプロテスタントの宗派
• a Protestant denomination holding that each individual congregation should be self-governing

• 1956年4月に、日本で唯一の自治体直営のオーケストラとして創立された。
• In April 1956, it was founded as the only orchestra in Japan which was directly managed by a municipality.

• 神社中心説とは地方の自治は神社を中心に行なわれるべきだという考えのこと。
• The core shrine theory is a concept that shrines should be at the core of local governance.

• 5番目に、我々は地方自治体によって設定された規則を厳守しなければならない
• fifthly, we must adhere to the rules set by the local government

• 地方自治体のための化学物質と環境に関するリスクコミュニケーションマニュアル
• Risk Communication Manual on Chemical Substances and the Environment for Municipalities

• 現在でも、番組小学校の学区は元学区と呼ばれ、自治会組織の単位となっている。
• Even today, the school district of a District Elementary School is called motogakku (original school district), and is a unit of council organization.

• ※10%通勤圏に入っていない自治体は、各統計年の欄で灰色かつ「-」で示す。
• Municipalities not included in 'the areas where at least 10% of the suburban population commutes to the central city' are shown in gray with a mark ' - ' in the total column of each year.
• Gray colored column with a mark '-' indicates that the autonomous body is not included in the 10 percent commuting area.
• * The blanks in gray and with the hyphen (-) in them among the columns of statistical years in the chart show local governments that are not included among the suburbs with more than 10% of the population to the central city.

• 地方民会や三新法など地方自治に関係のある、地方行政を巡る諸問題を審議した。
• They discussed about various matters of district administration related to the local assembly and three local new laws.

• 一方で各バス会社が受託運行する地方自治体のコミュニティバスには制約がある。
• There is limited use of the community bus run by the local government (which is in fact operated by contractors).

• 寺院の内に設けられたものとは異なる、自治体により建立された納骨堂が存在する。
• Apart from the nokotsudo built in the precincts of a temple, there is the type built by the municipality.

• このように、自治体側の落ち度が参加者の式に対する軽視を助長する場合もあった。
• As stated above, there were also some cases where the failure by autonomy body was conducive to participants' disregard for the ceremony.

• 2～3日間練り歩き、ほとんどの自治会で本祭りの日には午前7～8時に動き始め、
• The chosa parades around the town for two or three days straight and the chosa of most residents' associations begin to carry the chosa at 7 to 8 o'clock on the morning of the hon matsuri (a regular festival) day.

• 平野七名家の筆頭で、戦国時代の自治都市「平野区」の執政を勤めた由緒ある家柄。
• The Sueyoshi clan was the highest rank of the Hirano Shichimyo families with a long history, which was engaged in the administration of an autonomous city 'Hirano district' in the Warring States period.

• 同じく自治的性格を持っていのは、一向宗の寺院を中心に形成された寺内町である。
• A similar style of autonomy could be seen in the character of Jinaicho (temple towns), religious communities that coalesced around temples of the Ikko sect.

• 参考として、発生地側の新疆ウイグル自治区での砂塵嵐の日数を調べた統計がある。
• For a reference, on a kosa producing site, there is statistical data about the number of days when a sandstorm was generated in the Sinkiang Uigur Autonomous Region.

• 同志社大学ではこうした学生が自主管理を行う考え方を「自治理念」と呼んでいる。
• Doshisha University calls the idea of self-management by the students 'philosophy of autonomy.'

• このように、室町時代における被官の地位は独立した自治権を有する勢力であった。
• In this way, the hikan held a degree of influence stemming from autonomous self independence.

• より強い国家に部分的に支配されが国内事情においては自治している国家または領域
• a state or territory partly controlled by (but not a possession of) a stronger state but autonomous in internal affairs

• 在学中は全学自治会同学会の委員長として竹本処分闘争以降の京大学生運動を導いた。
• When he was a student, he spearheaded the student movement at Kyoto University after 'Takemoto shobun' struggle as the chairman of the national student association.

• またレッドパージなどを通じた国家の介入により大学自治も大きく制約を受けていた。
• The autonomy of universities was restricted as well by the government in the period of the Red Purge (by GHQ/SCAP).

• 「地方税法」は、地方自治体が住民から徴収できる税のかたち(税目)を定めている。
• The 'Local Tax Act' stipulates tax items on which a local governments can impose taxes.

• 蓮如の隠居坊から次第に拡大して寺内町を形成して商工民などが住み自治が行われた。
• Following the enlargement of Rennyo's retirement retreat, Ishiyama grew to a jinai-cho (town within temple precincts), where merchants and artisans lived and governed themselves.

• 地方自治のためのグレートブリテンとのインドの闘いの間の政治的で精神的なリーダー
• political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule

• 政治的単位の下のガザ地区とヨルダン川西岸地区を限られた自治と警官隊に結合します
• combines the Gaza Strip and the West Bank under a political unit with limited autonomy and a police force

• 国際法･･･地方自治法のもと、スパイを罰するために交戦国に認可を与えるだけです
• international law...only authorizes a belligerent to punish a spy under its municipal law- J.L.kuntz

• 最近は一部の自治体で、特殊な塗料を使用したコンクリートの改良を行うケースもある。
• Recently, some autonomous community have improved concrete covered with special paint.

• 行基生誕伝承のある地に建てられた自治会館が「匠会館（八区会館）」と呼ばれている。
• The community hall built in the supposed birthplace of Gyoki is called 'Takumi Hall (or Hachiku Hall).'

• 多くは仏教形式であるが、自治体によっては、神道形式のものを用意している例もある。
• In many cases, the nokotsudo is of the Buddhist style, but some municipalities prepare the option of the Shinto style.

• 精霊流しの後は自治体が精霊船の処分を行うため一定期間粗大ごみの搬入が停止される。
• After the Shoronagashi festival, in order for municipal offices to scrap shorobune, they cannot accept other large trash for a certain period.

• 当道座（とうどうざ）とは、中世から近世にかけて存在した男性盲人の自治的互助組織。
• Todoza was an autonomous mutual support group for the male blind that existed from the medieval period through early modern times in Japan.

• これら土倉・酒屋は資金力にものを言わせ、有力な町衆として自治都市の主導権を握る。
• As important local businessmen with financial strength, these doso-sakaya took the leadership of autonomous cities.

• 領主は、封建制の時代における政治ないし地方自治の形態で、その多くは世襲制による。
• Feudalism was the form of government or local autonomy that was employed in feudal times, and the position of feudal lord was often hereditary.

• 紀伊の地侍は連合して根来衆・雑賀衆などの集団を形成し、宗教を盾に地域自治を行った。
• Jizamurai (local samurai) in Kii formed groups such as Negoroshu and Saigashu and carried out regional autonomy under the cover of religion.

• 国人や農民が協力し、守護大名畠山氏の政治的影響力を排除し、以後8年間自治を行った。
• Local samurais and farmers cooperated to eliminate the political influence of the shugo daimyo (military governor) of the Hatakeyama clan, and functioned as self-governing community for the succeeding eight years.

• こうしたことが、滝川事件に見られる教授会自治への攻撃につながったとする見解もある。
• Some people say that the above led to the attack on the autonomy of faculty council, which was seen in the Takigawa incident.

• 神戸居留地では外国人の自治組織である居留地会議が良く機能し、独自の警察隊もあった。
• The foreigners' self-governing organization in Kobe settlement, called the Kyoryuchi kaigi (Settlement Council), functioned very well, and it possessed its own dedicated police force.

• 従来「北海道地方費」と呼ばれていた北海道における自治体は「道」と呼ぶものとされた。
• The autonomous body in Hokkaido originally called as 'Hokkaido chihohi' was decided to be called as 'Do'.

• 北 約4kmに、近年 柚子風呂で有名な水尾集落があり、自治会バスが運行されている。
• Mizuo Village, which has lately become famous for its hot citron bath, is located about four kilometers north of this station, and the residents' association operates its own bus.

• 使用者は、寮長、室長その他寄宿舎生活の自治に必要な役員の選任に干渉してはならない。
• An employer shall not interfere in the selection of dormitory leaders, room leaders, and other leaders necessary for the autonomy of dormitory life.

• この頃には、惣村の形成に見られるように、百姓らの自治・連帯意識が非常に高まっていた。
• During this period, the level of awareness of self-governing and solidarity was rapidly raised among peasants and other commoners, as shown in the formation of soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association).

• 韓国、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国、中国延辺朝鮮族自治州（中国。他、同国内の満州族居住地）
• Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in China (China. Other areas in the country where Manchu people live)

• 地方自治法第二百五十五条の三の規定は、前各項の規定による過料の処分について準用する。
• The provisions of Article 255-3 of the Local Autonomy Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to actions of non-penal fines pursuant to the provisions of the respective preceding paragraphs.

• 地方公共団体の組織及び運営に関する事項は、地方自治の本旨に基いて、法律でこれを定める。
• Regulations concerning organization and operations of local public entities shall be fixed by law in accordance with the principle of local autonomy.

• 具体的には、栽培技術の指導が施されたり、地方自治体から助成金・補助金などが給付される。
• More specifically, guidance for cultivation technique is given, or grants, subsidies and so on are provided by the municipality.

• 最寄り駅・西日本旅客鉄道（JR西日本）山陰本線・保津峡駅から自治会バスが運行されている
• There is bus service operated by the Mizuo neighborhood self-governing body in the section between Mizuo and Hozukyo Station, which is the nearest stop on the Sanin Main Line operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

• 日本国憲法第92条に基づく地方自治法では、村（そん、むら）は地方公共団体の一つである。
• The Local Autonomy Act, based on the Constitution of Japan Article 92, defines a village (son, mura) as one of local public authorities.

• 朝鮮半島に居住し帰化しない日本人を朝鮮では恒居倭と呼び、首領を頭とする自治が行われた。
• Unnaturalized Japanese residents in the Korean Peninsula were called kokyowa, and they were self-governed headed by their leader.

• また陽明学の個性尊重の側面を受け継ぎ、「自治・自立・自主」に重きを置いた学説を説いた。
• He adopted the aspect of respecting individuality advocated in Yomeigaku, and advocated a theory emphasizing 'autonomy, self-reliance, and independence.'

• このとき採択された五法案は、地方警察、地方民会など地方自治の確立を促進する法案である。
• The assembly adopted five laws to promote the autonomy of prefectures by establishing local police and democratic assemblies.

• 同じ場合には、その領土を保持するのは容易ですし、自治に慣れていなければ、なおさらです。
• When they are, it is easier to hold them, especially when they have not been accustomed to self-government;

• Florio：「arte は・・・都市や自治町の同業者全員からなる団体である」を参照。
• cf. Florio: 'Arte . . . a whole company of any trade in any city or corporation town.'

• 地方公共團體の組織及び運營に關する事項は、地方自治の本旨に基いて、法律でこれを定める。
• Regulations concerning organization and operations of local public entities shall be fixed by law in accordance with the principle of local autonomy.

• 集落の共有物とされている仏像、石塔などについて、地元自治体が管理団体に指定されているもの
• For a common edifice such as a statue of Buddha or a stone monument, the local municipality is designated as the management body.

• 加賀国では一向一揆が守護冨樫氏を滅ぼして「本願寺王国」を形成、100年間の自治を行った。
• In the Kaga Province, ikko ikki overthrew shugo, the Togashi clan, and established the 'Hongan-ji kingdom' and carried out autonomous control for a hundred years.

• また奥州藤原氏の鎮守府将軍と比較すると「武士の自治」という重要な積極的要素が欠けていた。
• Also, compared to the Oshu Fujiwara clan's Chinjufu Shogun, it lacked the important, active element of 'warrior's self-rule.'

• 七夕に関連したイベントを開いている自治体の代表が集まって情報交換し、課題などを討議する会。
• This is a conference in which municipalities which are organizing tanabata-related events participate for the purpose of information exchange and discussions about the problems.

• 日本国内の場合、多くの自治体では初期処理には専門の資格者が当たることが義務付けられている。
• In Japan, many municipalities oblige cooks to have a special license for the first stage of processing.

• 地方自治体の試験研究機関、すなわち工業技術センターや醸造試験所などで開発された酵母をいう。
• Yeasts developed by laboratories and research institutes under local municipalities, such as industrial technology centers and brewing laboratories.

• 京都府北部と兵庫県北部の自治体は、観光事業の促進のために北近畿広域観光連盟を結成している。
• Municipalities in northern Kyoto Prefecture and Northern Hyogo Prefecture have formed the Kitakinki Wide Area Tourist Federation to promote sightseeing businesses in the regions..

• 北近畿の開発事業を促進する北近畿開発促進協議会には、この福井県嶺南の自治体も参加している。
• Municipalities in Reinan of Fukui Prefecture are also involved in the Kitakinki Development and Promotion Committee, which plays a role in promoting development projects within Kitakinki.

• 1575年、織田信長に降伏してからは大阪湾に面する堺市と並び称される自治都市として栄えた。
• After surrendering to Nobunaga ODA in 1575, the town flourished as an autonomous city, ranking with Sakai City which faces Osaka Bay.

• そして、これは戦国大名や国人・土豪層はもとより、宗教組織や、自治組織においても同様である。
• It was the same with respect to sengoku daimyo, kokujin, and dogo, as well as religious organizations and autonomous organization.

• あるいは、自治組織においても、矢倉や塀、環濠のような防御施設の構築、牢人の傭兵化を行った。
• Also, autonomous organizations carried out construction of facilities for defense, such as scaffolding, wall, and moat, and made ronin (samurai who left his master and lost his horoku (salary)) into mercenaries.

• この評定で「国中掟法」を取り決め、両畠山氏の影響を排除し、南山城の自治を行うことを決めた。
• During the conference, they stipulated an autonomous law called 'Kunijuokite', and decided to eliminate the influence of both HATAKEYAMAs in order for Minami-Yamashiro to become a self-governing community.

• 滞納処分他の法律への準用によって徴収される（地方自治法 第二編 第九章 財務231の3）。
• It is collected by corresponding application for disposition of delinquency and other laws (The Local Autonomy Law II, Chapter 9, Finance, Article 231-3)

• 同志社大学内では「自治理念」に基づいた寮であるため、学生寮のことを「自治寮」と呼んでいる。
• The dormitory is based on 'philosophy of autonomy,' so it is called an 'autonomous dormitory' in Doshisha University.

• このような形態で今井の町造りが始まり、惣年寄制によって自治権を確立した町並みが出来上がった。
• The construction of Imai-cho thus began and the town run by the so-doshiyori system with an established autonomy came into existence.

• 格技の練習場は「格技場」であるが、地方自治体の体育館などでは「挌技場」という表記も見られる。
• The practice fields of kakugi are written as '格技場,' but in the gymnasiums of local governments they are also spelled as '挌技場.'

• 2009年4月20日、大学当局は寮自治会に「吉田南最南部地区再整備・基本方針（案）」を提出。
• On April 20, 2009, the authority of Kyoto University submitted to the council of the dormitory 'the basic policy for the redevelopment of the southernmost area in Yoshida (draft).'

• 内蒙古自治区赤峰市にある興隆窪遺跡から、約8200～7400年前の環濠集落が見つかっている。
• At the Xinglongwa site located in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, remains of an approximately 7,400 to 8,200 years old moat settlement were discovered.

• 山段 芳春（さんだん よしはる、1930年 - 1998年）は、元京都自治経済協議会理事長。
• Yoshiharu SANDAN (1930 - 1998) was a former chairperson of Kyoto Autonomous Economic Association.

• 10世紀に設立されたいくつかのギリシアの東方正教会の修道院の用地であるギリシャ北東部の自治区
• an autonomous area in northeastern Greece that is the site of several Greek Orthodox monasteries founded in the tenth century

• 1950年に開設された時は自治体名が「向日町」であったことから向日町競輪場という名称となった。
• When the velodrome opened in 1950, it was named Mukomachi Keirin Velodrome after the municipality, 'Mukomachi.'

• その後、江戸時代となり、世の中がおさまって町人の勢力が高まり、高度な自治を展開するにいたった。
• Afterwards, in the Edo period, with Japan being a country at peace, townspeople became more powerful developing a high level of autonomy.

• その大半は、地方自治体行政や商工会議所・旅館組合等の関係団体の音頭取りで作られたものといえる。
• The majority of such organizations were assembled under the leadership of groups related to local public governments, chambers of commerce and industry, as well as hotel associations.

• 年に二度、春と秋に入寮選考期間が設けられ、自治会組織である「入寮選考委員会」が選考を担当する。
• The period of selection is set twice a year in spring and in autumn and a 'dormitory-entering selection committee,' an organization of the council of the dormitory, is in charge of selection.

• 惣村（そうそん）は、中世日本における百姓の自治的・地縁的結合による共同組織（村落形態）を指す。
• A soson meant a community (in the form of a village) organized through autonomous, territorial connections among peasants in medieval Japan.

• 町村制（ちょうそんせい）は、市制とともに大日本帝国憲法下における地方自治に関する基本法である。
• Chosonsei, as well as Shisei (a municipal system), is the fundamental law governing local autonomy under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.

• 市制を執行している自治体はそれぞれ独立した選挙区とし、都道府県の郡部でそれぞれ1選挙区とした。
• Local towns that were given city status were defined as individual constituencies, and each county in an individual prefecture was defined as a constituency.

• 全体主義体制は、人間の精神を奪うために自治機関を押しつぶす−アーサー・M.シュレジンガー・Jr
• a totalitarian regime crushes all autonomous institutions in its drive to seize the human soul- Arthur M.Schlesinger, Jr.

• 農村の生産力の増大と、荘園領主の没落で、農民の地位はしだいに向上し、やがて自治的な惣村をつくる。
• Farmers improved their status through the increase of productivity in villages and the decline of lords of the manor, so that soon they were able to create autonomous villages (惣村).

• 都市部では、年々増加する該当者に対し、それら全員を収容できる施設を持っていない自治体が見られた。
• In urban areas, there were autonomy bodies that did not have facilities large enough to accept all participants increasing year by year.

• ただし村普請方という役職もあり御上（おかみ）主導で集落や自治単位の負担で行われる村普請もあった。
• However, some mura fushin were executed through a managerial position called mura fushin kata by the okami in each community or municipality.

• 町組は近隣の町の連合体、自治組織であり、その起源は判然としないが、室町時代には存在が確認される。
• Chogumi was an union of neighboring towns and a self-governing organization, and although its origin is unclear, its existence can be confirmed already in the Muromachi period.

• 戦国時代 (日本)に入ると、戦国大名による一円支配が強まり、惣村の自治権が次第に奪われていった。
• In the Sengoku period (the Warring States period), the governance of entire region by the warring lords became stronger, and gradually the soson's autonomy was usurped.

• 共和国と表現されたように、これら寺社勢力や惣国一揆は高い経済力と軍事力を擁して地域自治を行った。
• As the word 'republic' shows, these temple and shrine powers and sokoku ikki (riot of the whole province) built autonomy with high economic and military powers.

• そこで京阪本社は地元自治体（大津市など）との間で、今後の運営のあり方についての協議を始めている。
• Under such circumstances, Keihan's head office has started discussions with local municipalities (such as Otsu City) concerning the future operation of the line.

• 前二項の規定による徴収金は、地方自治法第二百三十一条の三第三項に規定する法律で定める歳入とする。
• The amounts collected pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall be revenues specified by the act provided in Article 231-3 paragraph (iii) of the Local Autonomy Act.

• 「京大事件」とも呼ばれ、大学における教授会自治を確立させるきっかけとなった事件として知られている。
• It is also called the 'Kyodai incident' and a well-known incident that led to the establishment of faculty council autonomy.

• 旧来の郡町村制に戻し人民の便宜を図ると同時に、戸長を民選とすることにより地方に一定の自治を認めた。
• This law restored the traditional county, town and village system for the convenience of the public as well as granted a certain level of local autonomy by introducing the public election for the Kocho.

• このため、東京帝国大学・京都帝国大学の教授は大学の自治と学問の自由への侵害として総辞職を宣言した。
• This caused all the professors at Tokyo Imperial University and Kyoto Imperial University to proclaim their resolve to resign protesting this was the usurpation of autonomy in a university and academic freedom.

• さらに都市自治体や地方評議会も、その上に今まで発展してきたものまるごと、中央行政の一部局となって、
• if, in addition, the municipal corporations and local boards, with all that now devolves on them, became departments of the central administration;

• 1635年に満州支配者によって併合されて、1911年に中国の不可欠な地域になった中国北東部の自治区
• an autonomous region of northeastern China that was annexed by the Manchu rulers in 1635 and became an integral part of China in 1911

• 村や町においても自治の政（祭り、政治の事）の中心的な存在として寺社がありその普請を寺社普請といった。
• Also, in villages and towns, jisha (temples and shrines) were the center of matsurigoto (celebrations as well as governing), so the fushin performed there was called 'jisha fushin.'

• 地方などでは帰郷する成人が参加しやすいように、成人の日の前日の日曜日に成人式を開催する自治体も多い。
• In some regions of Japan the local government holds the Coming-of-Age Ceremony on the Sunday before Coming-of-Age Day so that those who have to return home can participate without difficulty.

• 惣村は自治権を確保するために、荘園領主・公領領主ではなく、守護や国人と関係を結ぶ傾向を強めていった。
• To secure the right of self-government, the soson increased their tendency to build relationships with the Shugo or Kokujin (local samurai), not with a lord of the manor or a lord of public land.

• だが、それを認める代わりに地方自治政策の一環としての神社中心説を神社合祀政策に盛り込んだのであった。
• In exchange for agreeing with this measure, however, the bureau included the core shrine theory in the shrine merger policy as part of local governance policy.

• そのため、各地にご当地音頭も多く存在し、自治体や商工会など作成したオリジナルの地域的音頭も珍しくない。
• Accordingly, there are many local communities throughout Japan that have their own folk songs for a dance featuring their particular localities; it's not at all rare for a municipality, or a chamber of commerce and industry, to compose an original local folk song for the dance.

• 京都府北部では最も財務内容は良好な自治体ではあるが、人口減少や舞鶴市民病院等、将来に不安な要素な多い。
• Although Maizuru City's finances are favorable compared among the rest of the northern Kyoto autonomous bodies, the city has concerns including depopulation, Maizuru Municipal Hospital management, etc.

• 1898年 京都府（～1898年）が分割され、広域自治体として京都府が、基礎自治体として京都市が発足。
• 1898: Kyoto Prefecture (until 1898) was divided, and Kyoto Prefecture started as an autonomous body covering a wider area, and Kyoto City as a basic autonomous body.

• 江戸時代、領主と住人の仲介者として宿場町の自治行政を行うと共に問屋場を管理した町役人（宿場役人）の長。
• In the Edo period, as mediators between feudal lords and people, Toiya served as public administrators in Shukubamachi (inn town), and at the same time, were chiefs of Machi yakunin (officials in a post station) who were in charge of Toiyaba (administration office).

• 伽藍が巨大で木造建築ゆえ、というのもそうだが、合せて、東大寺の寺内の自治力が下がってきたこともあった。
• This is not only because these were huge wooden buildings, but also the internal self-governing system of Todai-ji Temple began to function poorly.

• PNA（パレスチナ自治政府）設立の日以来、我々は長官選挙と議会選挙の運動中に主張し叫び続けてきました。
• Since the first day of the establishment of the PNA, we have affirmed and propagated during the presidentional and legislative election campaign that,

• 他人の家で手伝いをするために雇われた人（特に寝たきりの人の家事を手伝うために地方自治体から雇われた人）
• a person hired to help in another's home (especially one employed by a local authority to help the infirm with domestic work)

• だが、国家権力による統制の一方で僧綱が尊重されて教団による一定の自治も認められ、閏刑が存在するなどした。
• While it gave the state more controlling power, it held the Sogo in high regard, allowing the religious community to enjoy certain autonomy and permitting leniency to priests and nuns.

• 現代でも「もやい船」の伝統は息づいており、自治会で流す船のほか、病院や葬祭業者が音頭をとり流す船もある。
• The tradition of 'moyai-bune' is active today, examples of which are the shorobune construction led by hospitals or funeral companies in addition to those of local associations.

• 本ページ「地方自治体開発の酵母」「大学で開発された酵母」「企業・民間機関開発の酵母」などがそれにあたる。
• These are explained in 'Yeasts developed by local municipalities,' 'Yeasts developed by colleges,' and 'Yeasts developed by companies and private institutes' in this section.

• 琵琶湖を取り巻く各自治体は、大きく湖南・湖東・湖北・湖西に分けられる（湖南から甲賀を分けることもある）。
• The municipalities surrounding Lake Biwa are roughly classified as Konan (south of the lake), Koto (east of the lake), Kohoku (north of the lake) and Kosai (west of the lake)(and sometimes Koka too, as seen separately from Konan).

• （例：「字天田小字木村」には、通称「末広町1丁目」の街区があり、自治会名「南本町」で呼ばれる住所がある）
• (e.g.: In 'Koaza Kimura Aza Amata,' there is a city block commonly called '1-chome Suehiro-cho,' and there is also an address called 'Minamihon-machi' as the name of the residents' association).

• それに対して信長は元亀元年（1570年）に全人衆主導の自治に不満を抱く殿原衆を切り崩して支配下に置いた。
• Nobunaga separated Tonobara-shu from Zenjin-shu and put the former under his control: the former had been discontented with Zenjin-shu-led autonomy.

• 2009年4月25日、産経新聞紙上で松本紘総長が「寮自治会と建て替えに向けた話し合いを開始した」と公表。
• On April 25, 2009, the president of Kyoto University Hiroshi MATSUMOTO announced in the Sankei Shimbun saying 'the university started a consultation with the dormitory council concerning the reconstruction of Yoshida dormitory.'

• 税が成立した場合、地方自治体の財布(財政)に入るお金が生じ納税者の財布(家計)からは出るお金が発生する。
• The introduction of taxation yields money which goes into local government coffers from the pockets of the taxpayers.

• 地方制度をすべて中央政府の延長にしようとした大区小区制の失敗に対する反省から、一定の地方自治を法定した。
• The government legislated certain local autonomy after reconsidering the failure of the daiku-shoku system (a centralized district system that abolished all pre-existing towns, villages and their offices and institutions), which was designed to make all local systems extensions of the central government.

• 特に町村レベルには上からの法定以前に自治があったので、ここでの承認は自治拡大を意味するものではなかった。
• In particular, because the self-government at the level of towns and villages had already existed before being fixed by the central government, approval in this case did not mean greater autonomy for municipalities.

• イスラエルが1993年にパレスチナ自治政府に限られた自治権を与えたとき、最初のインティファーダは終わった
• the first intifada ended when Israel granted limited autonomy to the Palestine National Authority in 1993

• 中でも、加賀国一揆等の一向一揆が有名で、数々の守護大名を圧して自治権（主に徴税権と裁判権）の拡大を行った。
• Most notably, the well-known uprisings (Ikko Ikki) by Ikko sect followers, such as that in Kaga Province put pressure on the shugo daimyo and led to expanded autonomy (mainly in jurisdiction and the right to collect taxes).

• 「文化財」とは、国や地方自治体の指定・選定・登録の有無に関わらず有形無形の文化的遺産全般を指す用語である。
• The term 'cultural properties' refers to all of those different cultural heritages (regardless of whether or not they are tangible) as designated, selected or registered by the nation or by a local government.

• 「腐竹」は河南省の長葛腐竹、湖南省の永興腐竹、広西チワン族自治区の桂林腐竹など、各地に産地が点在している。
• Fuchu' is produced in various locations in China including Kanan Province where it is known as Changge fuzhu (the yuba of Changge City), Hunan Province where it is known as Yongxing fuzhu (the yuba of Yongxing Prefecture) and the Municipality of Guangxi Zhuangzu where it is known as Guilin fuzhu (the yuba of Guilin City).

• 日本醸造協会や地方自治体の試験研究施設から頒布されるほか、大学や各醸造所が独自に分離・培養するものもある。
• Sake yeasts are distributed by laboratories or research institutes of Brewing Society of Japan or local municipalities, in addition, some universities and breweries isolate and culture them on their own.

• 山城国南部では山城国一揆が形成され、地域住民（在地支配層の他、農民等も参加）による自治に至った事例もある。
• In the southern part of Yamashiro Province, where the Yamashironokuni Riot occurred, self-government (in addition to regional ruling classes, farmers, etc.) also participated.

• 自学を重視し、大幅な生徒自治、男女共学、無試験（レポート制）、無規則、無処罰等、革新的な教育活動を試みた。
• Its educational policy was revolutionary; it encouraged self-education, recognized thorough student autonomy, adopted coeducation system, and had no examinations (instead paper work), no school regulations, and no penalties.

• 1956年　4月に自治体直営のオーケストラとして創立し、6月18日、先斗町歌舞練場に於いて披露演奏会を開催。
• In April 1956, it was established as an orchestra directly operated by a municipality and gave its first public performance on June 18 in the Pontocho Kaburenjo Theater.

• このなかには、かねてから学内自治を主張していた谷本富文科大学（現・京大文学部）教授（教育学）が含まれていた。
• Tomeri TANIMOTO, a professor of the literature school (current literature department of Kyoto University) (pedagogy) who had been advocating university autonomy for some time, was one of them.

• 教官の人事権を事実上教授会が掌握するという慣行を文相が承認したことで、学問の自由大学の自治は大きく前進した。
• As the Minister for Education approved a practice under which faculty councils held essential authority over personnel issues of professors, academic freedom as well as university autonomy became solid.

• また自治体の財布から出ていく金は行政の業務コストとなり、住民は自治体の行政サービスを享受して還元してもらう。
• The money spent from government funds covers administrative costs and returned to citizens who receive government services.

• 近代的自治法の整備とともに五人組は法制的には消滅したが、第二次世界大戦中の隣組にその性格は受け継がれていた。
• Along with development of the modern self-governing laws, the Gonin-gumi disappeared as a legal system; however, the tonarigumi (neighborhood association [established in Japan in 1940]) system during World War II took over its characteristics.

• ところが、居留地の自治組織である「行事局」が、1873年に「居留地取締掛員」という行事局独自の警察を設けた。
• However, in 1873 the 'Gyojikyoku' (the Events Department), a self-governing body of the settlement, created its own dedicated police force, which it called the 'Kyoryuchi torishimari kakari-in' (Settlement Supervisors).

• 実際、寮の管理・運営における大学との関係においては、自治精神を重視し、一定の緊張感を保った交渉を行っている。
• In fact, the relationship with the university in the management of dormitory keeps certain tension, and they take the spirit of autonomy seriously while negotiating.

• 1つの番組に対して自治会所機能を併せ持つ小学校が1つ作られることになり、同年中に64校の小学校が開校された。
• Each bangumi was provided with an administrative building and an elementary school, and sixty-four elementary schools were opened that same year.

• そして、この二つの相反する欲望から、都市は、君主制、自治、無政府状態という三つの結果のいずれかになるのです。
• and from these two opposite desires there arises in cities one of three results, either a principality, self-government, or anarchy.

• 集会（しゅうえ/しゅえ）とは、中世日本の寺院において僧侶達が寺院内部の意思決定のため行う合議・自治機関を指す。
• Shue refers to the council or self-governing body for decision-making of the Buddhist priests in the temples in medieval Japanese temples.

• 国が所有する城郭について地元自治体が管理団体に指定されているもの（例：姫路城は、所有者は国、管理団体は姫路市）
• Concerning the castles owned by the national government, the local municipality is assigned as the management body (an example is Himeji Castle, which is owned by the national government but managed by Himeji City government as the management body).

• 無住の社寺が所有者となっている仏堂、仏像などについて、近隣の別の社寺や地元自治体が管理団体に指定されているもの
• Regarding edifices such as a Buddha statue or a Buddha hall belonging to a temple or a shrine with no chief monk or priest, another temple or shrine in the vicinity or the local municipality is designated as the management body.

• 多くの地方自治体では落ち葉やせん定した枝葉は燃やせるゴミとして排出するか、堆肥化して処分するよう指導している。
• Many local governments instruct people to remove fallen leaves and branches and use them as burnable garbage or to dispose with in composting.

• しかし、台湾民衆党も蒋渭水により左傾化すると右派は台湾の地方自治実現を単一目標に挙げる地方自治連盟を結成した。
• However, when the Taiwan People's Party also became radical initiated by Weishui JIANG, the right wing formed the Taiwanese Federation for Local Autonomy with the establishment of local autonomy in Taiwan as a single goal.

• 建設は独立行政法人鉄道建設・運輸施設整備支援機構（鉄道運輸機構）が行ない、その費用は国や沿線自治体が負担する。
• A Shinkansen line is built by Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency, and its cost is shouldered by the national government and autonomous bodies along the Shinkansen line.

• 都市部の庶民のまつりごと（自治、祭礼）は伝統的にこの単位で行われ、その慣行が今でも残っているところも少なくない。
• Matsurigoto (self-government, and rites and festivals) for people living in the cities was traditionally administered by this unit, and many places still continue to have such customary practice.

• このため、酵母開発の競争は激化しており、今や地方自治体開発の酵母を持たない都道府県の方が少ない状態になっている。
• These backgrounds have intensified competition for yeast development to the extent that there are fewer prefectures that do not have any municipally developed yeasts today.

• 自治会（地区会・町内会）や消防団の地域分団の編成単位として、地域自治の最小単位としての命脈を保っている面がある。
• They have survived as the smallest unit of regional autonomy and as an organization unit of residents' association (for example, a regional association, a neighborhood association) or a local fire brigade of a fire company.

• その中で通勤率が最も高い自治体は奈良県生駒市の47.6%であり、最も低い自治体は奈良県天理市の10.0%である。
• In those cities, the municipality with the highest commuting rate is Ikoma City of Nara Prefecture at 47.6 percent, while the lowest is Tenri City of Nara Prefecture at 10 percent.

• 江戸時代からの自治の伝統があった町村には、自治の実態を認めつつ、戸長を通じて上からの決定を実施させることにした。
• While the central government approved the autonomy of towns and villages which had had the tradition of self-government since the Edo period, it made them carry out decisions made through kocho (heads of towns and villages).

• 終戦後の1946年自治権拡大のための改正が行われたが、翌1947年日本国憲法・地方自治法の施行により廃止された。
• After the war, in 1946, the law was revised to expand the autonomy, but in the next year, 1947, the law was repealed when The Constitution of Japan and Local Autonomy Law came into effect.

• 一方自治体などが自主運行するコミュニティバスに関しては、委託業者によって利用できるところとできないところがある。
• The community buses run by local governments vary as to whether the service is available or not, depending on the contractor's service.

• このほか、地方部には、主に旧国鉄の赤字ローカル線を継承した、地元自治体等の出資による第三セクター鉄道が存在する。
• There are also joint public-private venture railways, which were taken over mainly from unremunerative local lines of Japan National Railways and are managed through investments from local government bodies, in rural areas.

• 海区漁業調整委員会の委員の選挙に関する事務は、地方自治法第百八十一条に規定する都道府県の選挙管理委員会が管理する。
• The affairs concerning the elections of the commission members of each Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission shall be managed by the Board of Election of the prefectural government concerned prescribed in Article 181 of the Local Autonomy Act.

• また、テーマパークで開催して成人の門出を祝う（北九州市（1998年以降）、浦安市（2002年以降））自治体もある。
• Some autonomy bodies (Kitakyushu City in and after 1998, and Urayasu City in and after 2002) hold the Seijin-shiki ceremony at a theme park and wish the new adults good luck in their adulthood.

• 中国式の獅子舞は日本においては中華街や中国・台湾と関係の深い自治体・施設に獅子舞団がありイベントごとに演じられる。
• Also in Japan, there exist Chinese lion dance groups at Chinatowns and at the municipalities and other institutions that have close ties with China or Taiwan, and their performances are seen whenever an event is held.

• 端的にいえば互助活動や相互扶助や自治としての建設（修繕、模様替も含まれる）の為の労力や資金の提供を求める事をさす。
• To put it plainly, it refers to asking for mutual service or mutual aid, and labor or monetary support to construct, repair and remodel facilities needed for the autonomy of the community.

• 1970年（昭和45年）、地元自治会は堀の改修計画を市に陳情し、堀を埋め立てて公園と駐車場にする計画が立てられた。
• In 1970, the local community association petitioned the municipal government for a plan to renovate the canal, in which the canal was to be filled and turned into a park and parking space.

• クムタグ砂漠（新疆ウイグル自治区 - 甘粛省）…タクラマカン砂漠に隣接し、拡大により1つの砂漠につながりつつある。
• The Kumtag Desert (located across Sinkiang Uigur Autonomous Region and Gansu Province): Located adjacent to the Takla Makan Desert and is merging with this desert)

• 1947年の地方自治法施行により廃止されるまで有効であったのは、この新「府県制」（明治32年法律第64号）である。
• This new 'Fukensei' (Act No. 64 in 1899) was effective until it was abolished by the Local Autonomy Law executed in 1947.

• これは23区が旧東京市に相当することに由来するもので、現在では23区を一体とし自治権を有する行政単位は存在しない。
• This derives its origin from the fact that the 23 boroughs are equal to the old City of Tokyo, but today there is no administrative unit having autonomy as a single unit over the 23 boroughs.

• 同じように清酒酵母地方自治体開発の酵母とあわせて使用することを、開発の段階から想定もしくは理想としている場合が多い。
• It is also assumed or taken as ideal from the developmental stage to used with sake yeast developed by the municipality.

• 美観地区が定められると、この美観地区内では、地方自治体の条例によって、建築物の構造や設備を規制することが可能となる。
• Once an aesthetic area is designated, the structures and facilities of buildings in the area can be restricted by regulations of the local government.

• また平成の大合併と呼ばれる市町村合併ブームに乗って、周辺自治体であった三和町･大江町・夜久野町と市町村合併を行った。
• Taking advantage of the boom in municipal mergers, known as the big merger of Heisei, the surrounding municipalities of Miwa-cho, Oe-cho and Yakuno-cho were merged together.

• 8月10日に開かれた市議会で、事実調査するための地方自治法に基づく百条委員会の設置が提案され、賛成多数で可決された。
• The establishment of the investigation commission to investigate the fact based on Article 100 of the Local Autonomy Act was proposed at a city assembly held on August 10, which was approved by a majority.

• 中世の代表的自治都市である堺は宣教師も「東洋のベニス」と評価する文書を残しており、織田信長に屈服するまで自治を行う。
• Sakai, a representative example of the free cities in the medieval period, was rated by missionaries in some surviving accounts as 'the Venice of the East,' and continued its autonomy until it was later forced to capitulate to Nobunaga ODA.

• 争乱の排除をめざして浄土真宗本願寺教団によって組織された武士、農民、商工業者などによって形成された宗教的自治である。
• In an effort to avoid disturbances, the leadership of the Jodo Shinshu Honganji organization organized its followers of warriors, farmers, and craftsmen/merchants, thereby instituting a religiously based autonomous government over them.

• 1937年、日本統治期最後の政治団体である地方自治連盟が解散に追い込まれ、「台湾人」による政治運動は終わりを告げた。
• When in 1937, the Taiwanese Federation for Local Autonomy, which was the last political organization during the period of Japanese rule, was forced to shut down, which incident marked the end of political movements by 'Taiwanese.'

• この改正によって府県に法人格が与えられて自治体としての体勢が強化される一方で、府県知事の権限規定も整備・強化された。
• This revision gave Fuken a legal personality to reinforce its position as an autonomous body, and it also organized and reinforced the regulations on the authority of the prefectural governor.

• しかし、新成人が参加するとはいえ、自治体関係者の意向と新成人の意向が対立した場合は自治体の意向が採用されることも多い。
• However, even though new adults participate in the planning, if there is a conflict between the intentions of people concerned from the autonomy body and the new adults, the intentions of autonomy body prevails in many cases.

• また、内モンゴル自治区などでは、過放牧や工業汚染によって乾燥化が進み、黄砂の新たな発生地になりつつあるといわれている。
• It is said that, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and some other areas, excessive pasturing and industrial pollution have expanded dry areas, becoming kosa generating areas.

• 1493年（明応2年）には自ら自治を放棄する集会を開き惣国は解体され、新しい守護の伊勢貞陸の支配下に入ることになった。
• In 1493, the sokoku held a meeting to abandon its autonomy and the organization was dismantled; the community was then put under the rule of Sadamichi ISE, a newly appointed shugo.

• もとより栗東市を除く沿線自治体は新幹線新駅の費用負担に消極的で、新幹線新駅よりむしろ草津線複線化を求める声も多かった。
• Primarily, local governments along the Kusatsu Line except for Ritto City were reluctant to bear the costs of a new Shinkansen station, and many of them requested the double-tracking of the Kusatsu Line instead of the construction of a new Shinkansen station.

• 工事は地元の請願という形で、滋賀県側（県と地元自治体）と福井県側（県と敦賀市）がほぼ折半の形で工事費の負担をしている。
• The construction cost has been divided among Shiga Prefecture (the prefecture and the local governments) and Fukui Prefecture (the prefecture and Tsuruga City), since the construction was requested by the locals.

• 運行開始当初は、自治体の補助を受けずに運営する自主運行のコミュニティバスとして、日本各地からの多く人々が視察に訪れた。
• When the route buses first started operating, people from all over Japan came to see the bus, which was known as a community bus run individually without financial support from an autonomous body.

• 米国のいくつかの州（マサチューセッツ、ペンシルヴェニア、ヴァージニア、ケンタッキー）と、自治領（プエルトリコ）の公式名
• the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)

• 掘削料金で言えば1億円から2億円の相場であるが、竹下内閣のふるさと創生資金などを活用し、多くの自治体で温泉が掘削された。
• The drilling cost is usually 100 million yen to 200 million yen, and many local governments drilled for onsen using the 'Furusato Sosei' Fund (regional development fund temporarily provided by the national government) provided under former Prime Minister Takeshita's cabinet.

• もやい船の場合はその町のシンボルになるものがデザインされている（例町内に亀山社中跡がある自治会は坂本龍馬を描いている）。
• Moyai-bune has a symbol of its town on the sail (e.g., a neighborhood association in a town which has remains of Kameyama shachu (the first trading company in Japan led by Ryoma SAKAMOTO at the end of the Edo period) in its town posts a sail depicting Ryoma SAKAMOTO).

• 国や地方自治体が行う公営賭博や宝くじも、歴史的に見れば寺社普請を真似た上に、国や地方自治体が独占した普請の手段と言える。
• From a historical point of view, it can be said that public gambling and lotteries operated by national and local governments are also a form of fushin monopolized by national and local governments following the model of jisha fushin.

• 福知山市は周辺自治体では人口の減少が進む中少なくとも平成の合併まではほぼ横ばいに近い程度の人口増加を続けてきた市である。
• Fukuchiyama City's population experienced an increase which was close to being relatively unchanged until the municipal merger in Heisei, while the population decreased in surrounding municipalities.

• 立地自治体の腰の重さに業を煮やしたように、お互いに立地していない両町が郡、地域（二州と若狭）を超えた合併へと動き出した。
• The two towns without local plants were frustrated by the reluctance from other municipalities possessing nuclear power plants, and launched a movement to initiate a merger that would transcend regions (Nishu and Wakasa) and counties.

• 殿原衆（地侍）と全人衆（商工業者・周辺農民）からなる「堅田衆」による自治が行われており、「堅田湖族」とも呼ばれてもいた。
• In Katata, they governed themselves, by 'Katata-shu' (autonomous organization in Katata) composed of Tonobara-shu (a group of Jizamurai [local samurai]) and Zenjin-shu (a group of artisans, tradesmen and farmers) and they were also called 'Katata Kozoku' (autonomous organization in Katata).

• 今井町は称念寺を中心に発展した寺内町であったが、織田信長に武装解除されてから後は、堺と共に自治都市として幕末まで栄えた。
• Imai Town had developed as a jinai-cho around the Shonen-ji Temple, but after Nobunaga ODA disarmed the town, it enjoyed prosperity as an autonomous city, along with Sakai, until the end of the Edo period.

• 寺内町（じないちょう、じないまち）とは、室町時代に浄土真宗などの仏教寺院、道場（御坊）を中心に形成された自治集落のこと。
• Jinaicho (also called Jinaimachi) refers to self-governing communities formed during the Muromachi period, which centered on the Buddhist temples of the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) and training seminaries (gobo).

• 秀吉は自身が任命する領主が領地の隅々まで直接支配を行う体制を目指し、その障害となる住民による地域自治を破壊したのである。
• Hideyoshi aimed to establish the framework that the lord he assigned directory controlled all parts of the territory and destroyed local government by people which could prevent it.

• これに対して、自治体の財政収入を市外からの来訪者へ負担してもらうのは応益の原則に反しているのではないかとの意見もあった。
• There was also the opinion that imposing taxes on visitors from outside the city may be in opposition to the benefit principle of taxation.

• そして、憲法記念日には日本国憲法前文を記した屏風を背に訓示するなど、地方自治の現場でも一貫して護憲の立場を実践し続けた。
• Ninagawa kept acting from the standpoint of Protecting the Constitution also in the field of local government all along the line, such that, on the Constitution Memorial Day, he delivered his address standing before a Japanese folding screen with the Preface to the Constitution of Japan on its panels.

• 「自治理念」とは、土地や建物は大学の施設であるものの、その管理・運営は、居住する寮生自身によって行うという考え方である。
• Philosophy of autonomy' is the idea that students who live in the dormitory manage and run the place even though the land and building belong to the university.

• 教会の個々の管理自治体の各国による教皇の制御、業績を支持したフランスのローマカトリック教会の聖職者の間に由来する宗教運動
• a religious movement originating among the French Roman Catholic clergy that favored the restriction of papal control and the achievement by each nation of individual administrative autonomy of the church

• 明治期以降、里山は国有林となるか、あるいは細切れに分割されて個人所有となる、自治体に所有されるといった所有形態に移行した。
• Since entering the Meiji Period, the form of Satoyama's ownership started to change, and they were shifted to state-owned forests, individually-owned estates after they were fragmented, or municipal-owned forests.

• が、当市の場合は合併する自治体の中に「丹後町」があったため、他町への配慮からか重複がないにもかかわらず「京」を冠している。
• When this city was established due to the merger, it included 'Tango-cho' and it seems that the people in charge wanted to be considerate to other towns; that was why the city named itself 'Kyotango City' although there was no overlapping.

• 旧来地域の様々な問題を自治的に解決してきた町村を否定して、代わりに中央の命令の伝達と施行しかしない機関を設けたからである。
• It is because the government undervalued the villages and towns which had resolved various regional issues autonomously for a long period of time, but instead established an administrative body which did nothing but relay and enforce the orders of the central government.

• 1947年（昭和22年）5月3日、日本国憲法と地方自治法の施行によって市制、町村制、東京都制とともに道府県制も廃止された。
• When the Constitution of Japan and the Local Autonomy Law became effective on May 3, 1947, Shisei, Chosei, Tokyoto Sei as well as Dofukensei were abolished.

• この法律の規定により市町村が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• The administration work which the mayor of the city or the head of the town or village performs in accordance with the provisions of this Act shall be classified as Type 1 of the statutory entrusted functions provided in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the Local Autonomy Act.

• 農林水産業などが基幹産業である地域で自治や公共事業として灌漑用水路や溜池、林道や筏場、港湾や防波堤などの普請が行われてきた。
• In areas where the key industries were agriculture, forestry, and fishing, various forms of fushin were executed through public works projects by the local government, such as fushin for constructing irrigation canals, ponds, logging roads, rafting routes, harbors and breakwaters.

• 2006年10月6日には、「御食国」の歴史を持つ近畿地方の以下の6つの自治体が集まり、「御食国サミット」の初会合が開かれた。
• On October 6, 2006, the autonomous communities in the Kinki area, that had a history of 'Miketsukuni,' gathered and held their first meeting as a 'Miketsukuni Summit.'

• 事件の5日後に急遽京都入りした信長は、この事件の背景に堺の町衆がいると考えて、堺に矢銭を課してその自治権を制限したのである。
• Nobunaga hurriedly returned to Kyoto after five days, and thought that merchants of Sakai were pulling strings behind the scene before imposing yasen (war funds) on Sakai to restrict their autonomy.

• これら惣村・郷村は高い自治能力を醸成していき、荘園領主から直接、年貢納入を請け負う地下請（じげうけ）が行われることもあった。
• These sosons and gosons improved their self-governing capabilities and jigeuke was also done, where they undertook the collection of nengu directly from lords of shoen.

• しかし、室町期以来、村落自治が根付いていたこともあって、江戸幕府及び諸大名は、村落にある程度の自治を付与する民政を選択した。
• Nevertheless, due partly to the fact that self-government had already taken root in village communities, the Edo bakufu government and feudal lords chose to place villages under civil administration, allowing them a certain degree of self-government.

• 当時の渤海の都はまだ上京龍泉府（現・中国黒竜江省牡丹江市）ではなく、東牟山（現・中国吉林省延辺朝鮮族自治州敦化市）にあった。
• The capital of Bokkai, back then, was not in Shangjing Longquanfu yet (present Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province, China); it was still at Dongmu Mountain (present Dunhua City, Yanbian Korean Autonomous prefecture in Jilin Province, in China).

• ただし、これには莫大な費用がかかるため、一般的に自治体が負担すべき駅名変更費用を近鉄の負担とするよう現在両者が協議中である。
• The cost of such a change would be considerable, so the parties concerned are discussing the possibility of having Kintetsu bear the cost, although the cost of changing the name must generally be covered by the public body.

• 寺地が下京の中心であったことから、特に応仁の乱の後からこの寺は町堂として町衆の生活文化や自治活動の中核となる役割を果たした。
• As the temple site was located at the center of Shimogyo (southern Kyoto), it came to be a town temple and played a central role in the lives and culture of the people as well as self-governing activities, particularly following the Onin War.

• 特定のステージなどで行われる企画と違い、各大学サークルや大学祭実行委員会、地元自治体、などが出店する店舗を総称して縁日と呼ぶ。
• Unlike projects performed on a special stage, the stalls of the 'ennichi' are run by individual university clubs, university festival executive committees and local authorities.

• 京都市への他自治体の合併は、昭和34年（1959年）の久世村（現・南区）、大原野村（現・西京区）の合併以来46年ぶりであった。
• The merger of other municipalities into Kyoto City was the first time in the forty-six years after the merger of the villages of Kuse (the present Minami Ward) and Oharano (the present Nishikyo Ward) in 1959.

• 郡制（ぐんせい）とは、明治期から大正期にかけて府県と町村との間に位置する郡を地方自治体として定めた日本国内における法律である。
• Gunsei was a domestic law of Japan during the period of Meiji and Taisho era, which stipulated Gun, a district occupying an intermediate position between a prefecture and a municipality, as a local government.

• 市町村が徴収する保険料その他この法律の規定による徴収金は、地方自治法第二百三十一条の三第三項に規定する法律で定める歳入とする。
• An Insurance Premium and other levies as prescribed in this Act that a Municipality shall collect shall be revenue as prescribed in Article 231-3, paragraph (3) of the Local Autonomy Act.

• 前二項の規定による徴収金は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百三十一条の三第三項に規定する法律で定める歳入とする。
• Collected money prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be annual revenue prescribed in paragraph 3 of Article 231-3 of Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• 自治区大通りの聖ジョージ教会と同じ並びに、たいていの人が知っているとおり、いちばん小さな債務者監獄、マーシャルシー監獄がある。
• 'In the Borough High Street, near St. George's Church, and on the same side of the way, stands, as most people know, the smallest of our debtors' prisons, the Marshalsea.

• 検校（けんぎょう）は、室町以降江戸時代幕末まで、盲人の自治組織である当道座に属した盲人に与えられた四段階の官位の内、一番上の位。
• Kengyo is the highest rank among four court ranks given to blind people who belonged to Todo-za, which was a traditional guild for the blind, from Muromachi period to the end of Edo period.

• 惣村が最盛期を迎えたのは室町時代中期（15世紀）ごろであり、応仁の乱などの戦乱に対応するため、自治能力が非常に高まったとされる。
• Soson reached the mature stage in the mid-Muromachi period (around the fifteenth century), and it is said that the self-governing capability was very enhanced so as to respond to conflicts such as the Onin War.

• 戦国時代に入り、戦国大名による一円支配が強化されるに従って、惣村の自治的性格が薄まっていき、土一揆の発生も次第に減少していった。
• The Sengoku period was one in which, along with the strengthening of governance of the entire region by the warring lords, the soson's predisposition toward self-government was weakened, and gradually the occurrence of peasants' uprisings decreased.

• そしてもう一方に、加賀一向一揆や紀伊雑賀などの惣国一揆を代表とする大名の支配を排した地域自治体制、いわば「ヨコの連帯」があった。
• Another was the local government framework which eliminated the daimyo's rule such as the Kaga Ikko ikki Revolt and sokoku ikki including Kii Saiga, what was called 'a sideways solidarity.'

• 蜂起中に困民党メンバーやその同調者が使用したとされる「自由自治元年」という'年号'は、日本史上、最終期の私年号と考えられている。
• The name of the era, 'First year of Free Autonomy' used by the Konminto Party members and their sympathizers, was regarded as a shinengo (private name of a era) in the end term in Japanese history.

• 近年においても1956年の市町村合併によって明日香村が生まれるまでは、この地域に飛鳥村があり地方自治体の名称として飛鳥は存在した。
• In recent years, Asuka existed as a name of a local government unit, Asuka Village (飛鳥村) in this region, until Asuka Village (明日香村) was established after the municipal merger in 1956.

• 会合衆である納屋衆による合議制の元、自治を行い、都市全体に濠を巡らし、牢人を傭兵として雇うなど、戦国大名による支配も拒絶していた。
• Under the council system by nayashu (wealthy merchants who led autonomous organizations in cities), who were egoshu (members of council), it established autonomy and refused control by sengoku daimyo by surrounding the whole city with a moat and employing ronin as mercenary.

• 戦国時代 (日本)、伊賀は伊賀守護・仁木氏の傘下に属しながらも、「伊賀惣国一揆」と呼ばれる合議制の強い自治共同体が形成されていた。
• In the Sengoku period, Iga Province formed a self-governing community with a strong council system called 'iga sokoku ikki' while being affiliated to Niki clan, the Iga Shugo.

• 1900年（明治33年）8月、新疆省（現在の新疆ウイグル自治区）からのチベット入りを試みるが、やはり、難路と危険によって引き返す。
• On August 1900, he tried to enter Tibet from Xinjiang Province (present-day Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), but once again turned back due to the difficulty of the journey and safety concerns.

• 天文 (元号)14年（1545年）、浄土真宗の門徒集団の自治区であった貝塚市に根来寺から招かれて地頭となり、元あった寺を再興する。
• In 1545, he was invited to be a jito by Negoro-ji to Kaizuka City which was an autonomy of follower group of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) and revived the original temple.

• 我々はそういう（ジャマル・ショバキ[37]地方自治相が要求するような地方選挙の）条件が満たされた地方選挙から始める必要があります。
• We have to start with the local elections (Mr. Jamal Shobaki, minister of local government) whose requirements have been made.

• 現在は祭礼や縁日に人出が減ったのに比べ、自治体が管理する公園や遊技場において各種団体が主催するフリーマーケットなどが多くなっている。
• While the number of people attending festivals and fairs is decreasing, the number of events such as flea markets, run by various organizations and held in municipally managed parks and recreation halls, is on the rise.

• これまでで最も大きな被害は、1993年5月5日に中国北西部（寧夏回族自治区、内モンゴルアラシャン盟、甘粛省）で発生した黒風暴だった。
• The most serious damage in the past was done by Kara Bran produced in the northwestern area of China (Ningxia Huizu Autonomous Region, the Alashan province of Inner Mongolia, and Gansu Province) on May 5, 1993.

• 当時の百姓身分の自治組織である惣村は、自検断権に基づき自ら司法権とその保証となる軍事警察力たる武力を持ち、膨大な武器を所有していた。
• Soson villages, which were autonomous organizations formed by peasants at the time, had jurisdiction as well as military forces and police authority required to protect their jurisdiction based on the right to rule themselves, and owned enormous amounts of weapons.

• 現在でも、回覧板の回覧など、隣組単位で行なわれていた活動の一部は、町内会・区（政令指定都市の区ではない）・自治会に引き継がれている。
• Even today part of the activities which was conducted using the tonarigumi system has been succeeded to district associations, districts (not wards of government-ordinance-designated cities) and residents' associations.

• 1911年、1921年、1925年、1929年の改正で、自治権の強化と公民権の拡張が進むが、この制度の基本的な性格は変わらなかった。
• Although the revisions of the law carried out in 1911, 1921, 1925 and 1929 had increased the autonomy and expanded the civil right, the basic character of this law remained unaltered.

• それに対して府県会は財政議決権を持つだけで与えられた権限の及ぶ範囲は狭く、自治体としてよりも国の行政区画としての意味合いが強かった。
• On the other hand, the Fukenkai (prefectural assembly) only had a voting right on finance and had limited authority, and thus it was more like an administrative district than an autonomous body.

• 居留地設置直後は、日本側の「外国掛捕亡役」「居留地廻方」と居留地の自治組織である「行事局」が設置する「居留地取締掛」が並立していた。
• Immediately after the foreign settlement was established, three settlement police forces existed simultaneously, the 'Gaikoku keihoboyaku' (the 'troop handling the pursuit, apprehension and death of the foreign(ers)) and the 'Kyoryuchi mawarigata' (Settlement Patrolmen) representing Japan's police and the Kyoryuchi torishimari kakari' (Settlement Supervisors) which had been established by the 'Gyojikyoku,' the self-governing body of the settlement.

• これは新快速が一種のブランド化している現象で、地元自治体にとっては実体が各駅停車であっても「新快速が直通する」ことが重要なのである。
• This is because the special rapid is kind of branded, and thus it is important for local governments that 'special rapid trains pass' the stations even if they actually stop at every station.

• しかしながら、オイルショックの影響や、用地取得の困難、沿線自治体の建設反対運動が激しかったこともあり、1983年に工事は中止された。
• However, the work was stopped in 1983, due to the so-called oil-shock, difficulties in obtaining necessary land and strong protests against its construction by autonomous bodies along the line.

• 1968年、形骸化した学問の自由と大学の自治の回復を目的として、故・岡本清一初代学長を中心に、現在の所在地に京都精華短期大学を開設。
• In 1968, the first president--the late Seiichi OKAMOTO--took the lead in founding Kyoto Seika Junior College for the purpose of offering freedom from framework study and the restoration of the student council.

• 第二十三条第七項の規定により市町村が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• The functions to be handled by the municipality pursuant to the provisions in Paragraph 7 of Article 23 shall be statutory delegated functions of Item 1 specified by Article 2-9(1) of the Local Autonomy Act.

• 以前に地方自治体によって候補者に指名された特定の学費を払わない学生を受け容れと引き換えに、授業料を請求し、政府の助成を受けていた学校
• formerly a school that charged tuition fees and also received government grants in return for admitting certain non-paying students who were nominated by the local authorities

• しかし、風の強い地方では倒れにくいように、品種改良によって稈長も穂長も小さいものが次々と作られている（「地方自治体開発の酒米」参照）。
• In windy areas, however, in order to make the rice plant not as prone to falling, sakamai varieties with shorter stems and ears were developed through selective breeding, one after another (see 'Sakamai developed by the municipality').

• 朝鮮王朝は恒居倭の倭寇化を恐れ、検断権（警察・司法権）・徴税権といった行政権を行使できず、日本人有力者による自治に任せるままであった。
• Since the Korean Dynasty was afraid that kokyowa might become wako, they hesitated to use their administrative powers such as the police authority, the legal jurisdiction, and the authority of tax collection, and they just left the government of that area to some influential Japanese people.

• こうした流れの中で、南北朝時代 (日本)より以降、畿内やその周辺地域において、自治権と連帯意識を高めた百姓らによる惣村が成立していく。
• With this background, beginning in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) was formed by the peasants who had developed their autonomy and sense of solidarity.

• 会合衆（えごうしゅう、かいごうしゅう）とは、室町時代から安土桃山時代の都市で自治の指導的役割を果たした評定組織またはその組織の構成員。
• Egoshu (or Kaigoshu) (wealthy merchants who led self-governing organizations in cities from the Muromachi to the Azuchi-Momoyama period) are consultation organizations, or is a term that refers to the members of this organization which possessed a leading role in the self-government of cities from the Muromachi to the Azuchi-Momoyama period.

• さらに、足利氏出身であったことから室町幕府からも庇護を受け、中世から近世にかけて存在した男性盲人の自治的互助組織である当道座を開いた。
• Since he was from the Ashikaga Family, he was under the patronage of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and opened Todo-za, which was an autonomous mutual support group of visually impaired males that existed in the Medieval Period to the early-modern times.

• この質的な水準を維持する精神的な基盤として京都大学では「自由の学風」を謳っており、学問領域以外でも学生自治活動等が活発に行われている。
• This high quality is kept on the spiritual basis of 'academic freedom', the motto of Kyoto University, and this spirit can be seen in, besides the academic field, energetic activities, such as those of the student autonomy.

• 第五十六条第一項の規定により都道府県が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• The affairs that are supposed to be handled by a prefectural government pursuant to the provision of Article 56 paragraph (1) shall be the category 1 statutory entrusted affairs provided in item (i) of Article 2 paragraph (9) of the Local Autonomy Act.

• 徳川時代になって、高度の自治を展開したので幕府は今井を町として認め、江戸、大阪、京都、奈良と同様に惣年寄、町年寄をおき町制にあたらせた。
• According to the head of the family, although he was nominated for a barony by the government after the Meiji Restoration, the family were so destitute that they could not afford the processing fee for the peerage and he also mentioned that he was proud of his ancestors for not having been arrogant about their power.

• これらの容器は、洗った後に埋め立てごみとして家庭から排出されるが、一部自治体では洗ってない物は燃えるゴミとして排出してもよい地域もある。
• These containers are washed and discharged from homes as landfill waste, but it is possible to discharge unwashed things as combustible garbage under some local governments.

• 村（むら、そん）とは、集落や基礎自治体の一種で、第一次産業（農林漁業）に従事する者が多く、家屋の数と密集度が少ない地域を指す名称である。
• Many residents of 村 engage in primary industry (agriculture, forestry and fishery).

• その一方で教養部自治会のように大学側の主張に同意する自治会が現れるなど、一時は思想や運動方針の相違に起因する自治会同士の対立も発生した。
• In the meantime, some councils, such as the council of the department of liberal arts, conceded the decision of the university, and confrontation among councils arising from differences in philosophy or policy for movements also became apparent.

• やがて、所従・下人をも含めた荘民は新たな農民集団を形成して荘園領主や外部と対峙する様になり、「惣村」と呼ばれる独自の自治組織を形成する。
• As a result, the class of shomin, including shoju and genin, started to form groups of peasants which confronted the manor owners and the external parties, which was a process that eventually led to the formation of the self-governing organization called 'soson.'

• 5軒から10軒の世帯を一組とし、団結や地方自治の進行を促し、戦争での住民の動員や物資の供出、統制物の配給、空襲での防空活動などを行った。
• Making a group with five to ten families, it urged their solidarity and development of local autonomy, and was used for mobilization of citizens and obligatory supply of materials to the government, distribution of controlled goods, and defense activity against air raids during wartime.

• 江戸時代に入ると、幕府は盲人が当道座に属することを奨励し、当道組織が整備され、寺社奉行の管轄下ではあるがかなり自治的な運営が行なわれた。
• During the Edo period, the bakufu encouraged the blind to join the Todo-za, consolidating the organization which started to enjoy considerable autonomy even though it was under the jurisdiction of the Jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines).

• 実際には、ホッブズ時代のイギリスが内乱の最中であったように、それは自治に不慣れな共同体が、政府権力の崩壊を恐れたことの投影なのであった。
• Actually, that was all a projection of fears for the collapse of government authority over communities unaccustomed to doing without it, like the England of Hobbes during the Civil War.

• （スペイン政府がフランコの反バスク法を廃止して、バスク地方に独自の学校と一定の自治権を与えたら、バスク独立運動のほとんどは一瞬で消えた。
• (When the Spanish government revoked Franco's anti-Basque laws and offered the Basque provinces their own schools and limited local autonomy, most of the Basque Separatist movement evaporated almost overnight.

• アイルランド自治領の大統領として、1937年の新しい憲法にかかわり、エール（アイルランド共和国）国家を創設した（1882年−1975年）
• as president of the Irish Free State he was responsible for the new constitution of 1937 that created the state of Eire (1882-1975)

• 時代的には、1867年（慶応3年）の京都町奉行所廃止から、1947年（昭和22年）の地方自治法施行までのものが文化財指定対象となっている。
• Period of the documents designated as Cultural Properties: From 1867 when Kyoto Machibugyo (Kyoto City Magistrate) was abolished to 1947 when the Local Autonomy Law was put into effect.

• 居延漢簡（きょえんかんかん）は、中国、内モンゴル自治区エチナ旗から甘粛省酒泉の東北部にある居延烽燧遺跡から発見された前漢代・後漢代の木簡。
• Kyoen Kankan is mokkan (a narrow strip of wood on which an official message is written) of the Former Han and the Later Han periods, discovered in the Kyoen Hosui site covering from Ejin Banner of Inner Mongolia, China to the northeastern region of Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, China.

• これに対し、在寮生で構成する吉田寮自治会を中心に卒寮生も含めた廃寮反対運動が高まり、自主入寮選考の成功で寮生数は減少するどころか増加した。
• With the rise in the opposition movement against the above decision conducted by the council of Yoshida dormitory and the graduates, however, the number of dormitory residents increased, instead of decreased, thanks to the success of autonomous selection of residents.

• しかし、戦国大名による一円支配が伸展するにつれて、惣村の自治権も剥奪されていき、惣掟も消滅するか、自治色を薄めた内容へと変質していった。
• However, as Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) started to rule the entire region, the autonomy of the soson was divested, and the autonomy of the so-okite thinned out or disappeared.

• 様々な制限があったとしても、各地の府県会が自由民権運動派の政府攻撃の拠点となったことは、府県会自治が空虚な器でなかったことを意味している。
• Even though there were various limitations, the fact that the prefectural assemblies all over the country became the bases for the Jiyu Minken Undo sects to criticize and attack the government means that the autonomy of prefectural assemblies was not a hollow gesture.

• 科罰手続の一般法としては、非訟事件手続法の規定と、地方自治法s地方自治法 第二編 普通地方公共団体 第十四章 補則255の3の規定がある。
• The general laws to impose punishment procedures of Karyo are the regulations of Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act and the regulations of the Local Autonomy Law II, Ordinary local public entities, Chapter 14, supplementary rules, Article 255-3.

• 宗家の坂上氏、庶家惣領の平野氏を筆頭に、平野七名家が坂上宗家を支えると共に代々「民部」を称し、堺市などと並ぶ中世の自治都市の平野を担った。
• Like the main branch of the Sakanoue clan, and the Hirano clan which was the head of the branch families, Hirano Shichimyo family referred to themselves as the 'clan in charge of popular affairs' for generations and supported medieval self-governing city Hirano, comparable to Sakai city.

• 2003年に鉄道の電化されたが、これは匿名の寄付に加え、地元自治体の積立した資金を利用し、新型車両の導入も合わせて全額地元負担で実現した。
• The line was electrified in 2003 and a new type of vehicle was also introduced by using the reserve fund of local governments as well as anonymous contributions and all expenses were paid by the locals.

• 1978年11月　「近畿圏基本整備計画」の内閣総理大臣決定：関西の自治体や学会、経済界から「第二国立国会図書館」（仮称）の設置要望が高まる。
• November 1978: The 'Basic Development Plan for the Kinki Region' was signed by the Prime Minister, thus signaling a growing demand for the establishment of the Second NDL (provisional name) from local governments, academic society and economic circles in the Kansai region.

• 現在は京都コンサートホールで毎月1回の定期演奏会を開催しており、4管編成、自治体直営の利を活かして演奏機会の少ない曲を採り上げることも多い。
• At present, it gives a Subscription Concert once a month in the Kyoto Concert Hall and, taking advantage of its large modern orchestra and its direct management by a municipality, it also gives a lot of performances of works that otherwise would have little chance of being heard.

• 古くから日本各地では相互扶助の単位として町あるいは町場という共同体があり、江戸時代までは都市部の公的な自治単位として多くの権限を有していた。
• There have been the communities such as machi (town) or machiba as a unit of mutual aid across Japan since ancient times, and such communities had a variety of authority as a public unit of self-government in the cities until the Edo period.

• 土一揆は、惣村の生活が困窮したために発生したというよりも、自治意識の高まった惣村が、主張すべき権利を要求したために発生したと考えた方がよい。
• It should be considered that the peasants' uprisings took place because the soson, which had enhanced their awareness of autonomy, insisted on their rights, not because people in the soson had become poor.

• 自治体や地元市民などの猛反発を受けた事から、京都駅に新幹線ホームを併設の上で全列車停車に落ち着いた経緯がある（鉄道と政治の項目も参照の事）。
• This was met by considerable opposition from the local governments and residents, however, who had been appeased with a plan to create a platform for the Shinkansen within Kyoto Station (see the Railways and Politics section for further details).

• しかしW杯が大韓民国との共同開催となり、日本で開催地に立候補していた15自治体から開催地を10に絞り込む作業が行われた結果、京都府は落選した。
• After it had been decided, however, that Japan and Republic of Korea would jointly host the World Cup, 15 Japanese municipalities wishing to host the World Cup were narrowed down to 10 and Kyoto Prefecture was eliminated.

• しかし、一部自治体で独自の原産地呼称管理制度が始まっており、長野県の長野県原産地呼称管理制度や、山梨県甲州市のワイン原産地認証条例などがある。
• However, some local governments have begun their own control system of appellation of origin, such as Nagano Appellation Control of Nagano Prefecture and Wine Domain of Origin Certification Regulation of Koshu City, Yamanashi Prefecture.

• 14世紀中期頃には、荘園・公領内の村落が自治性を高めるようになり、畿内や西国では惣村、東国や九州では郷村とよばれる自治村落へと成長していった。
• Around the middle of the 14th century, villages within manors and government territories increased their autonomy and grew into self-governing communities, which were called soson in Kinai and western regions and goson in eastern regions and Kyushu.

• プロイセン王国の地方自治制度が取り入れられ、参政権は地租もしくは直接国税を年2円以上納税している者のみに付与するなど資産家優位の制度であった。
• As it adopted the local self-government system of Kingdom of Prussia, it was advantageous to the propertied class, for example, the suffrage was given only to those who were paying more than two yen in land tax or direct national tax.

• 735年になって唐国欽州（現・中華人民共和国広西チワン族自治区欽州、トンキン湾に面する）在住の崑崙商人に助けられ、欽州へ脱出することができた。
• In 735, a Champa merchant, who lived in Qinzhou in Tang China, helped them to escape to Qinzhou (present Qinzhou in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of People's Republic of China, facing the Gulf of Tonkin.)

• 第一項において準用する地方自治法第二百三十一条の三第二項の規程は、港務局を組織する地方公共団体の議会の承認を受けなければ、その効力を生じない。
• The regulations set forth in Article 231-3 paragraph (2) of the Local Autonomy Act which apply mutatis mutandis under paragraph (1) shall not take effect until approved by the assembly of the local government establishing the port authority.

• それまで分散して居住し特に連帯してこなかった百姓らが、新たに集住して村落をつくり、強い自治意識と連帯意識に支えられた惣村を形成するようになった。
• The peasants who had lived individually, started to live in a new village and form a soson community with strong autonomous concerns and sense of common bonds.

• 自治党（じちとう）とは、1888年から翌年にかけて井上馨が進めてきた町村長ら地方の名望家を集めて結成を構想した新党構想であるが、失敗に終わった。
• Jichi To was the idea of new political party formed by local renown men such as mayors of towns and villages promoted by Kaoru INOUE from 1888 to 1889 but failed in the end.

• また、今までの企業誘致策や観光施策をより進めたことで、この時期、他自治体が非常に苦しんだオイルショックによる税収減も難なく乗り越える事ができた。
• During this period, other local governments faced hard times, with reduced tax revenues due to the oil shock, but Ninagawa was able to survive this period with little difficulty by further advancing policies that involved inviting private companies to settle in Kyoto and attracting tourists.

• この法律の規定により市町村が処理することとされている事務のうち、次に掲げるものは、地方自治法第二条第九項第二号に規定する第二号法定受託事務とする。
• Among the affairs which shall be dealt with by each municipality pursuant to the provisions of this Act, the following affairs shall be the legally entrusted item (ii) affairs provided in item (ii), paragraph (9), Article 2 of the Local Autonomy Act.

• この法律では、来の古社寺保存法が社寺所有の物件だけを指定の対象としていたのに対し、国、地方自治体、法人、個人などの所有品も国宝の指定対象となった。
• Under the new law, not only the properties owned by old shrines or temples but also the properties owned by the nation, a local government, a corporation or an individual might become candidates for designation as national treasures.

• 1995年からは基金として毎年工事費用を各自治体が積み立てることを始め、「琵琶湖環状線構想」を前進するよう駅周辺整備や観光施設の案内整備に努めた。
• In 1995, the local governments began to reserve fund for construction every year and worked on maintenance around the stations or building of guide signs of sightseeing facilities, thereby promoting the 'Lake Biwa Loop Line Plan.'

• この法律の規定により都道府県が処理することとされている事務のうち、次に掲げるものは、地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• Among the affairs which shall be dealt with by each Governor pursuant to the provisions of this Act, the following affairs shall be the legally entrusted item (i) affairs provided in item (i), paragraph (9), Article 2 of the Local Autonomy Act.

• が、祝日法の改正に伴い、正月中やゴールデンウィーク、お盆等に成人式を開催していた自治体も、1月の成人の日（又はその前日）の開催に戻したところもある。
• But since the Act on National Holidays was revised some local governments have gone back to hold the Coming-of-Age Ceremony during New Year holidays, Golden Week, or Obon.

• 地産地消が求められる中、酒米とともに、優良酵母の開発は地方自治体にとって地元産清酒の品質向上の、また地場産業建て直しの重要な鍵を握っているといえる。
• Amid the trend for local consumption of locally produced products, development of superior yeasts along with sakamai is the key factor for local municipalities to improve the local sake quality and reconstruct the local industries.

• 逆に甲賀は「惣」と呼ばれる自治共同体を形成していたが各々が対等な立場にあった為に多数決の原理を重んじ、「伊賀惣国一揆」の運営ぶりとは対照的であった。
• On the other hand, Koka formed a self-governing community called 'So' in which people had an equal position and respected the principle of decision by majority, so it was contrast to the administration of 'iga sokoku ikki.'

• 同時に、北海道における自治制度を規定していた「北海道会法」と「北海道地方費法」が廃止されて「府県制」に統合され、この法律は「道府県制」と改称された。
• At the same time, 'Hokkaido kaiho' (Law on the Hokkaido assembly system) and 'Hokkaido chihohiho' (Law on the Hokkaido autonomous body) which used to stipulate the autonomy system of Hokkaido were abolished and unified into 'Fukensei', and the name of this law was then changed to 'Dofukensei' (prefectural system).

• 竹取物語に似た外国の民間伝承としては、例えば中国四川省のガパ蔵族羌族自治州に伝わる「斑竹姑娘」（田海燕『金玉鳳凰』1961年（中国）に収載）がある。
• There is an example of a foreign folklore similar to Taketori Monogatari; 'Banzhu Guniang' (collected in 'Jinyu Fenghuang' written and edited by Tian Haiyan in 1961), which has been handed down in Ngawa Tibetan-Qiang Autonomous Region in Sichuan Province, China.

• 事件の顛末は、当時、西連協が発行していた会報（「姦報」）でオープンにされ、学内では、学生自治（自主管理）の原則的なありかたとして、好意的に受容された。
• The details of this incident was revealed in Sei Ren Kyo's newsletter 'Kanpo,' and what Sei Ren Kyo did was accepted in a friendly way as the nature of students' self-government (self control) on campus.

• このとき今井郷の形態は、外敵と郷民の自治を守るために、郷の周辺に濠を巡らし、土塁を設けた環濠集落で、現在もその濠跡が今井の周辺にその遺構を残している。
• Back then, Imai-go was a village surrounded by a moat and earthen walls for fortification to defend itself against enemies outside as well as to protect autonomy of the village people, and the ruins of that moat still remain in existence around Imai today.

• また自治体などで主催する蚤の市やフリーマーケットと呼ばれる蚤の市のような場所で、ベンチャービジネスや趣味と実益を兼ねた一般人が露店商を営むものも多い。
• Additionally, many ordinary people have a rotensho business as a venture or for both a hobby and for profit in places such as flea markets hosted by municipal organizations.

• など多数）　これは、昭和期に入り旧城下町周辺に急激に新市街地が広がったのに対し、それらの字名を整理しないまま街区名や自治会名をつけていった結果である。
• As shown above, many examples exist, and this is due to the fact that while a new urban area was developed rapidly around the old castle town during the Showa period, city blocks and residents' associations were named without sorting out names of Aza in the old castle town.

• 1889年（明治22年）4月1日の町村制施行以降、昭和・平成の大合併の時期を含めて、一度も合併を経験していない、全国でも数少ない自治体のひとつである。
• Muko City is one of the rare municipalities in Japan that never merged with any other municipality since the enactment of the chosonsei (Town and Village System Law) on April 1, 1889, including the Great Mergers of the Showa and Heisei periods.

• その後行われた、寮自治会と大学当局との話し合いの場で、これまで得ていた確約の引き継ぎを求める寮自治会に対し、西村氏は吉田寮の早急な建て替えを提案する。
• In a meeting in which the council of the dormitory and the university authority participated, Nishimura proposed to reconstruct Yoshida dormitory as soon as possible while the council of the dormitory requested him to keep previous promises.

• しかし五人組制度が存在することによって、間接的に名主・庄屋の権威を裏付け、住民の生活を制約すると同時に町村の自治とりまとめを強化することには役立った。
• However, the Gonin-gumi system indirectly helped to give Nanushi/Shoya authority, control the life of the citizens, and reinforce autonomy of the villages and towns.

• 地方自治法第二百五十二条の二第六項、第二百五十二条の三及び第二百五十二条の四第一項の規定は、第一項の協議会で港務局のみが加入するものについて準用する。
• The provisions of Article 252-2 paragraph (6), Article 252-3 and Article 252-4 paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the joint committee set forth in paragraph (1) which is comprised of only port authorities.

• 第二項の規定により市町村が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• Affairs that are deemed to be processed by the municipality pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) shall be the item (i) statutory entrusted affairs specified in item (i) of paragraph (9) of Article 2 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• 加えて、観光客・交流人口を増やしたい地元自治体や、観光客の滞在時間を少しでも伸ばしたい関連事業者、新たな魅力を注入したい旅行社などのニーズも見逃せない。
• In addition, one cannot overlook the needs of regional governments hoping to increase the numbers of tourists and visitors, related industries whose interest is to increase the length of tourist stays, and travel agencies aiming to promote new attractions.

• 『八犬伝』に登場する架空の荘園で、氷垣残三ら、結城合戦の参加者や豊島家の残党が自治的な支配をおこなっており、管領扇谷定正に戦いを挑む八犬士が拠点とした。
• It is a fictitious shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in 'Hakkenden,' which was autonomously controlled by those who had joined the Yuki War and the remnants of the Toshima family including Zanzo HIGAKI, and the eight Dog Warriors set their base there when they challenged Sadamasa OGIGAYATSU, Kanrei.

• 麓の大江町（合併前は自治体の町）では、鬼を核としたまちづくりが行われ、成田亨デザインの鬼像や、鬼瓦の回廊、鬼の博物館など鬼にまつわるものが多数存在する。
• In Oe-cho (municipal town before merger) at the foot of Oe-yama mountain range, a town was created based on the Oni and there are many things related to the Oni such as a statue of the Oni designed by Toru NARITA, a corridor with Oni-faced pillars and a Japan Ogre Exchange Museum, etc.

• 旧福知山市内には地名（字・小字）、自治会名、通称など複数の街区名が存在し、なおかつ自治会名は必ずしも別名称の街区の範囲と一致しないため非常に複雑である。
• In Old Fukuchiyama City, there are two or more block names such as place names (Aza and Koaza), names of residents' associations, commonly-called names, etc., and the name of residents' association do not always correspond to the name of the city blocks, making the area very confusing.

• このため7桁郵便番号は自治会名の街区で分類されふられているが、自治会名を用いない住所で検索すると該当するものを探すことができないという不便が生じている。
• This is why seven-digit postal codes are categorized and assigned per city block under the name of the residents' association; however it is inconvenient in that it is impossible to find a relevant address when searching for an address not indicated with the name of residents' association.

• 中辺路・大辺路を中心に2002年頃から数度にわたり、地元自治体の公共事業（古道の整備を目的とする）、古道とその周辺での植生の刈り払いが何度か行われたが、
• Public projects (aiming to maintain Kodo) by local government bodies and cutting of vegetation in Kodo and the surrounding area have been conducted several times since around 2002 mainly in Nakahechi and Ohechi (Kumano-kodo Road).

• 堺市（大阪府堺市）や博多（福岡県福岡市）などでは会合衆を中心に自治的な都市運営を行っており、応仁の乱以後は武装して防衛をしており自治的性格をもっていた。
• Cities like Sakai (part of the Osaka metropolitan area today) and Hakata (the modern-day Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture) were free cities self-governed largely by the egoshu, associations of merchants, and beginning with the Onin War, such cities armed themselves and bolstered their defensive capabilities, developing quite an autonomous, free spirit.

• その末川は「この事件は滝川個人に加えられた弾圧ではなく、日本の学問の自由と大学自治に加えられた弾圧だったから京大事件と呼ぶべきだ」と繰り返し語っていた。
• Suekawa repeatedly said that 'This incident was not oppression of Takigawa as an individual but should be called the Kyodai Incident because this was oppression of academic freedom and university freedom in Japan.'

• 地方税規則においては、廃藩置県によりいわば国の出先機関として新たに設置された府県と、江戸時代より自治機能を有していた町村については、異なる定めを置いた。
• Under the local tax regulations, different rules were set on prefectures newly created as a type of regional national offices after Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), and on towns and villages with autonomy since Edo Period.

• 第一項の規定により市町村が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• The affairs to be processed by municipalities pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 shall be Item 1 Statutory Commissioned Affairs provided in Article 2, paragraph 9, item 1 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• 通称「かしの木台」で呼ばれる地域には「岩井新町」「荒河」が含まれ、その組合わせ名で住所が表記されることがあり、更に自治会名「かしの木台○丁目」も存在する。
• Since the area commonly called 'Kashinokidai' includes 'Iwaishinmachi' and 'Arakawa,' the address is indicated in combination, and a residents' association named 'x-chome, Kashinokidai' also exists.)

• 昭和の学生運動が盛んなころ、日本全国の大学には、自主独立の気運が存在、同志社大学の学生寮においてもこのような理念が創出され、自治を重んじる風潮が生まれた。
• Around the period when the student movement in the Showa period flourished, there was a tendency toward sovereign independence among the Japanese universities, and at the Doshisha University dormitory such an ideology was born, thus creating the trend which took the idea of gaining autonomy seriously.

• エドワード8世 (イギリス王)の退位（1936年） 「グレートブリテンおよび北アイルランド連合王国ならびに海外自治領の国王、インド皇帝」を自発的に退位した。
• Abdication of the throne by Edward VIII (King of England) (1936): He voluntarily abdicated as 'King of Great Britain, Northern Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India.'

• 南朝が衰微して、室町時代になると京には室町幕府が置かれたために政治都市として復活する一方で経済発展を遂げ、町衆と呼ばれる有力市民による自治の伝統が生まれた。
• While the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu in Kyo during the Muromachi period following the decline of the Southern Court led to the revival of Kyoto as a political city, it also achieved economic development and a tradition of self-governance by influential citizens called machishu (merchant class) arose.

• 第二十一条の規定により都道府県が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• Office work that is to be dealt with by the prefecture pursuant to the provision of Article 21 shall be No. 1 statutory entrusted office work set forth in item (i) of paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• 僧尼の破戒行為的な犯罪に対する処罰、国家が任命した僧綱による寺院及び僧尼への自治的な統制、私度僧や民衆教化の禁止及び山林修行や乞食行為に対する制限を柱とする。
• The Soniryo was essentially about penalties for subversive criminal acts by priests and nuns, the self-governing control of temples, priests and nuns by the members of the Sogo (a priest of a managerial post) who were appointed by the state, prohibitions against shidoso (lay priests), the indoctrination of the populace, and the regulation of ascetic training in the mountains and begging.

• 沢柳事件の経緯と結末により「大学自治の本山」とみなされた京大は、1930年代以降、戦時体制のもとで大学への統制を進めようとする勢力からは敵視されるようになる。
• Kyoto Imperial University, which was regarded as 'the center of university autonomy' thanks to the development and conclusion of the Sawayanagi incident, came to be regarded as an enemy by people who intended to place universities under the government's control under the wartime regime in 1930's.

• 井上の入閣後の同年10月5日、陸奥宗光・青木周蔵らとともに事実上の新党準備会にあたる「自治制研究会」を発足させて機関誌『自治新報』を発行するなど準備を進めた。
• Inoue started preparing 'Jichisei Kenkyu Kai' (a study group for autonomy) with Munemitsu MUTSU and Shuzo AOKI on October 15, 1888 after Inoue joined the cabinet, and it was virtually a committee for a new political party with a party newspaper called 'Jichi Shinpo' (New Autonomy News).

• 第三十七条の規定により都道府県、保健所を設置する市又は特別区が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• Affairs that are to be determined by prefectures, cities establishing health centers, or special wards pursuant to the provisions of Article 37 shall be deemed to be item 1 legally delegated affairs provided in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the Local Autonomy Act.

• 上賀茂地域では、自治連合会が中心になり、各種団体の協力のもと、ボランティアの隊員によるスクールガード隊を組織し、登下校時を中心に子どもたちの安全を見守っている。
• In Kamigamo region, a school guard team is volunteered to be organized, supported by various groups centered in a residents' joint association, to watch the children, especially commuting to and from school and home safely.

• そして、荘園公領制や名体制が衰退して惣が編成されて町や村に自治的要素が登場すると、その町や村における行事に対しても百姓に対する公事の賦課が行われるようになった。
• And, when the system of shoen and koryo and the system of myo declined followed by formation of So (village) that let appear self-govermental element's in town and village, kuji also began to be imposed to peasants for any events in town or village.

• 各自治体での旧制中学時代もふくんだおもに公立高校を中心（一部では私立高校でも）に、数字のふされた学校をローカルに「○○のナンバースクール」などとよぶことがある。
• Schools that are numbered, which are mainly public high schools (some private schools also), including the period of middle schools in each municipality under the old system, are sometimes locally called 'the number school of XX.'

• 地方自治体は主要農作物種子法にもとづき、都道府県の農業試験場等で酒米品種の奨励品種決定のための試験を行い、優良な品種を農業者に対して栽培を奨励するのが通例である。
• Usually, under the Major Agricultural Products Seed Act, the agricultural experiment stations of the municipality and so on carry out tests to determine the recommended varieties of sakamai and recommend excellent varieties to farmers.

• 第五条第三項前段の規定により都道府県が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• The affairs to be processed by a prefecture pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of Article 5, paragraph 3 shall be item 1 legally delegated affairs, as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 9, item 1 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• 地方自治体が指定できる地域地区のひとつで、調和均整のとれた建築美を保っている地区において、その美観を守るために、建築物の配置、構造などが、建築制限などを行える地区。
• It is one of local areas which can be designated by local governments and is an area where building restrictions can be imposed on the layouts and structures, etc. of buildings in order to conserve the beauty in the places maintaining harmonious, well-balanced architectural beauty.

• しかしながら調査の許可を求める考古学界の要望もあり、近年は地元自治体などとの合同調査を認めたり、修復のための調査に一部研究者の立ち入りを認めるケースも出てきている。
• However, due to archaeologists' repeated requests for permission to conduct surveys on these mausoleums, researchers are often allowed to enter mausoleums in recent years to conduct joint research with local communities or to participate in repair surveys.

• 京都府（は右岸のみに位置する自治体）- 相楽郡南山城村、笠置町、和束町、木津川市、相楽郡精華町、京田辺市、綴喜郡井手町、城陽市、八幡市、久世郡久御山町、京都市伏見区
• Kyoto Prefecture: Minami Yamashiro-mura, Kasagi-cho, Wazuka-cho[1] in Soraku-gun, Kizugawa City, Seika-cho in Soraku-gun, Kyotanabe City, Ide-cho in Tsuzuki-gun [1], Joyo City [1], Yawata City, Kumiyama-cho in Kuse-gun [1], and Fushimi Ward in Kyoto City [1] (1. these municipalities are located only on the right side of the river.)

• 後述するような、むしろ特異とも言える独立独歩の精神からか、現在の十津川村も平成の大合併に際しても、最初から近隣のどの自治体とも合併する気などなかったと言われている。
• It might be due to the strong, or even peculiar sense of their self-reliance, which will be described later, that the present Totsukawa-mura is said to have had no intention of being merged with other municipalities from the beginning even upon the great merger of the Heisei period.

• 別表の上欄に掲げる地方公共団体がそれぞれ同表の下欄に掲げる規定により処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• The affairs that are to be processed by the local public entities listed in the left hand column of the appended table pursuant to the provisions listed respectively in the right hand column of the same table shall be the Item (i) Statutory Entrusted Affairs prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the Local Autonomy Act.

• 西島安則総長時代の1989年（平成元年）春、京大当局（河合隼雄学生部長）と吉田寮自治会の間で合意が成立し、西寮の取り壊しなどと引き換えに事実上「在寮期限」は撤廃さた。
• In 1989 when Yasunori NISHIJIMA was the president, the authority of Kyoto University (dean of students Hayao KAWAI) and the council of Yoshida dormitory agreed to demolish the west building in exchange for the abolition of the 'time limit.'

• ここでは、地方自治体の試験研究機関、すなわち農業試験場、醸造試験所などで、気候や土壌を初めとした、それぞれの都道府県の自然条件を生かすように開発された酒米の品種をさす。
• This means varieties of sakamai that are developed by municipal experimental and research institutions such as agricultural experiment stations and brewing laboratories, so that the natural conditions of each prefecture--such as climate and soil quality--can be fully utilized.

• 福井県嶺南地方では、関西電力の原子力発電所立地の影響で、発電所立地自治体（敦賀市・美浜町 (福井県)・大飯町-現おおい町・高浜町）と非立地自治体の間で財政に格差がある。
• In Reinan area of Fukui prefecture, where nuclear power plants of Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. are located, a financial difference exists between the municipalities with nuclear power plants (Tsuruga City, Mihama-cho (Fukui Prefecture), Oi-cho-current Oi-cho, Takahama-cho) and municipalities which are not located nearby such plants.

• しかし、惣村の持っていた自治的性格は、祭祀面や水利面などを中心に近世村落へも幾分か継承され、村請制度や分郷下における村の統一維持に大きな役割を果たしたと考えられている。
• However, the soson's predisposition toward self-government was passed down to early-modern villages mainly in terms of religious service and water supplies, and it is considered that such a characteristic was instrumental in unifying and maintaining the village under the murauke system (village-wide, collective responsibility for tax payment) and Bungo (system of governing the Go).

• 都道府県は、市町村審査会について地方自治法第二百五十二条の七第一項の規定による共同設置をしようとする市町村の求めに応じ、市町村相互間における必要な調整を行うことができる。
• A prefecture may conduct necessary coordination between municipalities in response to a request from the municipalities which intend to implement joint establishment pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 of Article 252-7 of Local Autonomy Act.

• 1974年に小型の電動（自動）餅つき機が普及し、一般家庭で古典的餅つき風景を見ることは少なくなったが、自治会や子供会の行事としては今も人気があり、歳末の風物詩となっている。
• In 1974, small electric (automatic) mochi pounding machines started to prevail and the scene of classical mochi pounding became less seen in the ordinary homes, however, the classical mochi pounding is currently still popular as an event held by a neighborhood association or a children's association, and gives a poetic touch to the end of the year.

• この惣年寄の下に町年寄十一人（当時六つの町があり、各町二人ずつ、北町のみ一人）・町代六人・肝煎六人（いずれも各町一人ずつ）都合二十六人の町役人が、自治的に町の支配に当たった。
• Under so-doshiyori, there were a total of twenty-six machi-yakunin including eleven machi-doshiyori (two representatives per township for five of the six towns that existed in those days and one representative for the remaining Kita-cho, six cho-dai (one representative per township) and six kimoiri (one representative per township) who had autonomous control over administration of the municipality.

• 当時の幕府の法令は、今でいえば日本全国を対象とする法律であって、それに対し今の地方自治体が定める条例のように、江戸時代にも特定の藩や地域だけに認められた法度もたくさんあった。
• While the decrees of the bakufu at the time were today's national laws in Japan, there were many Hatto (law, ban) locally effective only in certain domains and regions in the Edo period as there are Jorei (ordinance) set forth by local governments today.

• また、地域の自治体が草津線の各駅を始終端とするコミュニティバスを多数運行し、地域の足として草津線が位置づけられているため、自治体・利用者からは比較的暖かく迎え入れられている。
• Moreover, community buses, operated by the local governments, frequently run to connect the stations on the Kusatsu Line, which serves as an important transportation for the community and passengers.

• 斎藤実や鳩山文相が当時語っていたように、政府当局が処分を強行した意図は、「大学自治の総本山」と見られていた京大を強力な国家権力のもとに屈服させるという点にあったと考えられている。
• As Minoru SAITO and Minister of Education Hatoyama talked at that time, the reason why the government used force was to place Kyoto University, which was thought to be the 'stronghold of university freedom,' under the power of the government.

• この事件は学生自治会である同学会が、当時京大総長に在任（1953年 – 1957年）していた滝川に対し創立記念祭行事の開催を求めており、その実施方法をめぐる両者の協議が決裂した。
• This incident occurred when Takigawa was Dean of Kyoto University (1953-1957) and the Dogaku-kai (student union) asked for a ceremony to commemorate the establishment of the university but discussions about the ceremony details between the two parties did not reach a conclusion.

• 今の教育は「文部省の専制的裁断に屈従した教育」であるから、それを「各自治体におけるそれらの教育委員の自由裁量に一任」し、それによって「教育が国民自身のものとなる」と主張している。
• She argued that education of the times was 'an education submissive to the Ministry of Education's despotic decisions' but it should be 'left to a discretionary power of the board of education of each municipality' in order to realize 'education for the people.'

• 第百二十七条第二項から第四項までの規定により特定市町村が処理することとされている事務（政令で定めるものに限る。）は、地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• The affairs to be handled by specified municipality pursuant to the provisions of Article 127, paragraphs 2 through 4 (limited to those specified by Cabinet Order) shall fall under the statutory entrusted functions prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 9, item 1 of the Local Government Act.

• 平成以降は一般家庭での正月の遊びとしては廃れ気味となったが、パソコンやウェブ上で遊ぶ福笑いソフトなどが登場したほか、自治体などが執り行う新春行事としては変わらず恒例のものといえる。
• From approximately the start of the Heisei period, the game has fallen out of favor as a game played by families on New Year's day; however, Fukuwarai computer games and web-based versions have appeared, and local governments and the like continue to include the game in festivities celebrating the New Year.

• 全日本学生自治会総連合では少数派（非主流派）であった所感派の思想的・政治的影響下にあった当時の同学会（京都大学の全学学生自治会）は、1950年度のレッド・パージ粉砕闘争を主導した。
• Dogakukai (students' self-governing association of Kyoto University) which was under the philosophical/political influence of the Shokan sect, a minority group (a non-mainstream faction) of the All-Japan Federation of Students' Self-governing Associations, played a leading role in the anti Red Purge struggle in 1950.

• 国有財産法第二十一条、第二十三条及び第二十四条並びに地方自治法第二百三十八条の二第二項及び第二百三十八条の五第四項から第六項までの規定は、第六項の規定による貸付けについて準用する。
• The Provisions of Article 21, 23 and 24 of the National Property Act and the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 238-2 and paragraph (4) through (6) of Article 238-5 of the Local Autonomy Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the lease set forth in the provisions of paragraph (6).

• これまでは村や町などの共同体発生した揉め事は共同体（惣）内部の自治や掟・慣習に従って済ませる「内済」によって解決されることになっていたが、特別な場合に限って共同体外部に解決を委ねた。
• Any conflict that occurred within a community, such as a village or town, was supposed to be settled out of court in accordance with the autonomy, rules or custom of the community; in special cases, however, it could be handed over to a person outside of the community for settlement.

• 特定港湾管理者は、地方自治法第二百三十八条の四第一項の規定にかかわらず、特定国際コンテナ埠頭を構成する同法第二百三十八条第四項に規定する行政財産を認定運営者に貸し付けることができる。
• The Designated Port Management Body may lease the administrative property set forth in paragraph (4) of Article 238 of the Local Autonomy Act forming the Designated International Container Wharf to the Authorized Operator regardless of the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 238-4 of the same Act.

• ホームレスなどで生活保護などの支援を受けていなかった死者であったとしても、助葬を担う団体や葬儀屋には火葬から納骨までの費用を生活保護行政の一つとして各自治体が決めた定額内で支給される。
• Even if the deceased was homeless and not a welfare recipient, the money to cover all the costs from cremation to Nokotsu (placing a person's ashes in a tomb) is provided to the organization or the funeral home responsible for the Joso within the limits of budget of each autonomous body as one of the public welfare service.

• それに対し、寺社が主催し的屋という専門職が演出し庶民による伝統的な祭りとは違う、自治体や企業が主催し地域住民が参加する「手作り」の日曜マーケットなどの蚤の市が全国的に広く開催されている。
• In contrast, there are flea markets, such as the 'handmade' markets held on Sundays across Japan, that local people joined and are run by local municipalities or businesses, though these are unlike the traditional festivals by common people organized by temples and shrines and run by professional tekiya.

• また同学会による無期限ストライキが決議されると、大学当局は無期限ストは学長の告示に違反するとして12月1日には同学会および吉田分校（教養部）自治会の役員6名に無期停学などの処分を下した。
• On December 1, they regarded the students' indefinite strike, which had been voted on by the Dogakukai, as a violation of the President's notice, and punished the Dogakukai and six delegates of the students' association of Yoshida campus (the faculty of liberal arts) by suspension from the university for an indefinite period and so on.

• 第1次伊藤内閣の末期、条約改正の失敗の責任をとって外務大臣 (日本)を辞任した井上は、町村長ら地方自治運営の主体となる名望家層を結集させて、民党に対抗する保守政党を結成する構想を抱いた。
• Inoue, who resigned from his post as Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs took responsibility for the failure of a treaty revision at the late stage of the first Ito cabinet by conceiving a plan to form a conservative party opposing minto (general term of the political parties such as Liberal Party and Progressive Party that conflicted with the domain government when the Imperial Diet was inaugurated) by organizing men with high reputation such as mayors, who were the main constituent to manage local autonomies.

• 地産地消が求められる中、清酒酵母とともに、現地適応性を持った酒米の開発は、それぞれの地方自治体にとって地元産清酒の品質向上、ひいては地域経済活性化や地場産業建て直しの重要な鍵を握っている。
• Given the situation in which the local consumption of locally produced products is required, the development of sakamai having local adaptability (together with sake yeast) is an important key for the municipality with respect to improvement in the quality of locally produced sake as well as the vitality of the local economy and the reconstruction of local industries.

• この法律中市町村に関する規定は、特別区のある地にあつては特別区に、地方自治法第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市にあつては区に、全部事務組合又は役場事務組合のある地にあつては組合に適用する。
• The provisions concerning a municipality in this Act shall apply to a special ward in the region of the special ward, or to a ward in a designated city of paragraph (1), Article 252-19 of the Local Autonomy Act, or a union in the region of a union of local governments for the purpose of managing jointly the whole of their affairs or in the region of a union of local governments for the purpose of managing jointly their office work.

• しかし言語等で意思の疎通を欠いていたため、1864年に幕府はイギリス・アメリカ合衆国・フランス・オランダの四カ国と協定を結び、居留地の自治組織である「居留地会」が警察を設置することになった。
• But because communication between patrolmen and inhabitants proved difficult due to the multiple languages spoken there, in 1864 the bakufu concluded an arrangement with the four countries of Great Britain, the United States, France, and the Netherlands, under which the autonomous settlement organization called the 'Settlement Party' would establish a police force.

• 番組小学校（ばんぐみしょうがっこう）は、明治維新後の1869年（明治2年）、京都の町衆たちの手によって、当時の住民自治組織であった「番組（町組）」を単位として創設された、64の小学校を指す。
• Bangumi elementary schools refer to the sixty-four elementary schools established by the towns people in Kyoto in 1869, two years after the Meiji Restoration, based on the then extant municipal-level autonomous administrative unit known as the 'bangumi' (a neighborhood unit).

• 第百五十六条第四項、第百七十二条第一項及び第三項並びに第百九十七条第三項の規定により都道府県が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• Affairs that are executed by a prefecture pursuant to the provisions of Article 156, paragraph (4), Article 172, paragraph (1), and paragraph (3), and Article 197, paragraph (3), item (i) shall be legally delegated affairs, as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the Local Autonomy Act.

• ところが、室町時代になると、自立した百姓らによる自治村落（惣村）の形成が進み、こうした惣村では、惣内部や時には対立する他の惣との紛争解決の検断沙汰についてすら自ら検断権を行使するようになった。
• However, during the Muromachi period, self-governing communities (sosons) by independent peasants were formed and these communities started to exercise the right themselves against Kendan-sata to settle conflicts within the communities and sometimes even between communities.

• 坂上行松（坂上行増）を祖とする平野氏（長寶寺寺記、末吉氏家譜）から末吉家をはじめとする平野七名家が登場し、宗家の平野庄の坂上氏を支え、代々「民部」を称し、堺市と並ぶ中世の自治都市の平野を担った。
• Hirano Shichimyo-ke (seven branch families of Hirano clan) including the Sueyoshi clan, were generated from the Hirano clan founded by SAKANOUE no Yukimatsu (according to the record of Choho-ji Temple, the genealogy of the Sueyoshi clan) then they supported the head famiy Sakanoue clan which operated Hirano Sho, successively referred to themselves as 'Minbu', and were in charge of operatting Hirano, an autonomous city in the medieval period which was a match for Sakai City.

• この年、全日本学生自治会総連合中央委員会は、「教授、職員学生の団結によって明るい学園を復興しよう」をスローガンとした「学園復興会議」を京都市の3大学を会場に5日間の予定で開催することを決定した。
• That year, the central committee of the Japan Students Autonomous Union planned to hold 'the Gakuen Fukko Kaigi' at three universities in Kyoto City for five days, with the slogan 'the Revival of Clean Universities by the Union of Professors, Staff, and Students.'

• この間、1878年（明治11年）、郡区町村編制法とともに地方三新法を構成する府県会規則および地方税規則により自治体として性格を得、従来の国の地方出先機関としての性格との二面性を持つようになった。
• In the meantime, due to the three local new laws established in 1878, Gun-ku-cho-son Heniseiho (an act for the reorganization of counties, wards, towns and villages), Fukenkai Kisoku (the rules of prefectural assembly) as well as Chihozei Kisoku (the rules of local tax), Fuken started having two characters, its new character as an autonomous body and its original character as a government regional office in the local area.

• また、特殊な例としては鹿児島県の川内市が宮城県の仙台市と同音の「せんだい」であったことから合併に際して旧国名を冠し薩摩川内市となった事例がある（周辺自治体が編入合併のイメージを嫌ったことも理由）。
• As a special example, there is a case in which Sendai City in Kagoshima Prefecture became Satsumasendai City by attaching the old provincial name of Satsuma to Sendai which was homophony of Sendai City in Miyagi Prefecture although the Chinese characters that make up the word is different from that of Sendai in Miyagi Prefecture; this city name was created at the time of merger (the nearby local governments disliked the image of incorporated merger and this was one reason why Sendai City became Satsumasendai City).

• だが、翌年黒田が行った「超然主義演説」や山縣有朋らの反対、条約改正を巡る井上自身と黒田との対立もあって運動は低調となり、1889年夏には事実上計画は中止され、『自治新報』も1890年に廃刊された。
• However, the movement cooled down due to 'the doctrine of superiority' of Kuroda, the opposition of Aritomo YAMAGATA, as well as the conflict between Inoue and Kuroda regarding the treaty revision, and the plan was abolished in the summer of 1889 while 'Jichisei Shinpo' discontinued publication in 1890.

• 近世、京都には「町組」という住民自治の組織があったが、明治維新の前後に、町組は「上京（下京）第○○番組」という通し番号のついた地域的なまとまりを持つ組織に再編され、「番組」と呼ばれるようになった。
• During the Edo period, Kyoto was organized into autonomous administrative units called 'machigumi,' composed of local residents; however, at or about the time of the Meiji Restoration, the machigumi were reorganized under a system in which they were designated as belonging to either the northern part of Kyoto, 'Kamigyo,' or the southern part, 'Shimogyo,' followed by bangumi number, such as 'Kamigyo, bangumi number 12,' and were referred to as 'bangumi' from that point.

• 地方公共団体は、必要があると認めるときは、選定事業の用に供する間、公有財産（地方自治法第二百三十八条第一項に規定する公有財産をいう。）を無償又は時価より低い対価で選定事業者に使用させることができる。
• A local government may allow, when it finds necessary, the use of public properties (meaning public property provided in the paragraph (1) of Article 238 of the Local Government Act) by an Appointed Business Operator, as long as such properties are used for the Selected Project, either free of charge or at a cost lower than market price.

• 都道府県は、認定審査会について地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の七第一項の規定による共同設置をしようとする市町村の求めに応じ、市町村相互間における必要な調整を行うことができる。
• A prefecture may perform the necessary coordination among Municipalities according to a request from a Municipality that intends to co-establish a Certification Committee pursuant to Article 252-7, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• 第六条及び前条第一項の規定により都道府県、保健所を設置する市又は特別区が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• Affairs which a prefecture, a city with a health center or a special ward shall administer pursuant to the provisions of Article 6 and paragraph (1) of the preceding Article shall be item 1 legally delegated affairs as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• 一の地縁による団体（地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百六十条の二第一項に規定する地縁による団体であって、同条第二項各号に掲げる要件に該当するものをいう。）がその構成員を相手方として行うもの
• Business transacted by a territorial organization (meaning territorial organizations prescribed in Article 260-2, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) and fall under the requirements listed in the items of paragraph (2) of that Article) with its members as the other Party; and

• 第四条第一項、第二項、第七項及び第八項並びに第三十条の規定により都道府県が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• Office work that is made to be processed by the prefecture pursuant to the provision of paragraphs 1, 2, 7 and 8 of Article 4 and Article 30 shall be No. 1 statutory entrusted office work as set forth in item (i) of paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• 江戸時代の町奉行、寺社奉行という行政上の自治管轄の名残りにより、寺社大工（宮大工）、町大工、野帳場大工という様に大工は呼称されるが、町鳶、野帳場鳶という呼称に対し寺社鳶という表現はほとんど聞かれない。
• Carpenters were called jishadaiku (same as miyadaiku, who were specialists in the construction of temples and shrines), machidaiku, or nochobadaiku, which can be traced back to machi bugyo (town magistrate) and jisha bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines) in Edo period, who were self-governors with administrative jurisdiction, and tobishoku were called machitobi and nochobatobi in the same manner, but not jishatobi at all.

• 1969年（昭和44年）、厚生省（後に担当部局は環境省に継承）が長距離自然歩道をつくることを提案し、1970年（昭和45年）から関係自治体の協力のもとに整備が始められ、1974年（昭和49年）に完成した。
• In 1969, the Ministry of Health and Welfare (later the department in charge was succeeded by the Ministry of Environment) proposed the construction of a long-distance nature trail, and the construction that started in 1970 under the cooperation of the municipalities concerned, completed in 1974.

• 明治17年（1884年）、国家によって任命されていた教導職が廃止され、国家による統制を条件に宗派による内部自治が許容され、それに対応した本末制度の改革が行われた（明治17年8月11日太政官布達第19号）。
• In 1884, when the kyodoshoku (evangelist) which had been appointed by the state was terminated, each sect was allowed to have autonomy inside on the condition that they stayed under the control of the state, and reforms of the honmatsu seido were conducted according to this (August 11, 1884 Dajokanfutatsu (administrative order from Dajokan (Grand Council of state)) No.19).

• そのため、暴れる新成人に困ってはいるが、子どもの成人の記念に着物を着せたいという親からの要望や呉服業界からの要請もあって成人式を続けている自治体（例えば2000年の静岡市、2000年以降の那覇市）も多い。
• Therefore, although violent new adults are a headache, many autonomy bodies (such as Shizuoka City in 2000, and Naha City in and after 2000) continue holding the Seijin-shiki ceremony in response to parents' desire to dress their own children up with kimono in commemoration of entering adulthood, and at the request of mercery.

• 室町時代にも荘園は存続したが、中央貴族・寺社・武士・在地領主などの権利・義務が重層的かつ複雑にからむ状況が生まれる一方、自立的に発生した村落＝惣村による自治が出現し、荘園は緩やかに解体への道を歩み始めた。
• Also during the Muromachi period shoens continued, but while the rights and duties of central aristocrats, temples and shrines, samurais, local lords and so on began to be complicated in a multi-layered way, the autonomous control by the independently emerging village = soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) started and shoens began to disappear slowly.

• 第三章の規定（第六十二条第一項において準用する場合を含む。）により地方公共団体が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• Affairs to be processed by local governments under the provisions of Chapter III (including cases in which these are applied mutatis mutandis in Article 62 paragraph 1) shall be Type 1 statutory entrusted functions as prescribed in Article 2 paragraph 9 item (i) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• なお、ザビエル公園より南側に位置する大小路筋は、堺が自治都市として栄えた時代のメインストリートで、近くには小西隆佐・小西行長の生家跡、千利休の屋敷跡、武野紹鴎の邸宅跡と伝えられる場所が存在する（石碑のみ）。
• The Oshoji-suji Street located south of Xavier Park was the main street of the period when Sakai City prospered as the autonomous city, and there are locations said to be the remains of the birthplace of Ryusa and Yukinaga KONISHI, residences of SEN no Rikyu and Joo TAKENO (only stone monuments exist).

• とはいえ単線であり、また甲西駅等に行き違い設備がないことから、ラッシュ時も含め1時間に3本以上の列車本数の増加は難しく、利便性向上は望めないため自治体・住民からはJR西日本に対して複線化・増発要望が出ている。
• However, because the line is a single track and no passing facilities are installed at Kosei Station and other stations, it is difficult to increase the number of trains by more than two an hour (including rush hours) in order to enhance the convenience; therefore, the local governments and residents are requesting that JR West use double-tracking and increase the number of trains.

• 昭和37年6月21日、折からの大学管理制度改革（文部大臣（当時）による国立大学の学長選任権及び監督権を強化する内容が含まれていた）に対して反対するデモが、京都府学生自治会連合（京都府学連）の主宰により行われた。
• On June 21 in 1962, the student union of Kyoto Prefecture organized the demonstration against the reform of university management because it included more authority of the Ministry of Education (at the time) to assign and control the presidents of the national universities.

• 1889年（明治22年）に発布された大日本帝国憲法（1890年11月9日施行）による立憲体制下において、自治体としての府県は1890年にプロイセンの州制度に範をとって制定された法律「府県制」によって規定された。
• Under the constitutional system of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan issued in 1889, 'Fukensei' was established following the state law of Prussia, which stipulates that Fuken are autonomous bodies.

• 札遣いも、藩札、旗本札のほか、日本最古の紙幣として知られる伊勢国の山田端書に類似した発行形態で、吉野郡の自治組織が幕府の許可を得て発行した御免銀札、大寺院や神社が発行した寺社札など、多種多様な紙幣が発行された。
• In addition to Han-satsu and Hatamoto-satsu, various types of paper money were issued here including the Gomengin-satsu paper money substituted silver coin which an autonomous body in Yoshino County issued under the allowance of the bakufu with the similar style to Yamada-hagaki in Ise Province, known as the oldest paper money in Japan, and the Jisha-satsu issued by big temples or shrines.

• 国有財産法第二十一条及び第二十三条から第二十五条までの規定は第一項の貸付けについて、地方自治法第二百三十八条の二第二項及び第二百三十八条の五第四項から第六項までの規定は第四項の貸付けについて、それぞれ準用する。
• The Provisions of Article 21 and Article 23 through 25 of the National Property Act, and the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 238-2 and paragraph (4) through (6) of the Article 238-5 of the Local Autonomy Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the lease set forth in the provisions of paragraph (1) and to the lease set forth in the provisions of paragraph (4) respectively.

• 前項の場合において、上級行政庁とみなされる行政庁が地方公共団体の機関であるときは、当該機関が行政不服審査法の規定により処理することとされる事務は、新地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, where the administrative agencies that shall be deemed to be Higher Administrative Agencies are organs of local public entities, the affairs to be handled by the organs pursuant to the provisions of the Administrative Appeal Act shall be Item 1 Statutory Entrusted Affairs prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 9, item 1 of the new Local Autonomy Act.
• In the case of the preceding paragraph, if the administrative agency which shall be deemed to be the higher administrative agency is an organ of a local public entity, the affairs to be processed by said organ pursuant to the provisions of the Administrative Appeal Act shall be the item (i) statutory commissioned affairs prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the New Local Autonomy Act.
• In cases falling under the preceding paragraph, when the administrative agency regarded as the higher administrative agency is a local government organ, the affairs to be handled by said organ under the provisions of the Administrative Appeals Act shall be Type 1 statutory entrusted functions as prescribed in Article 2 paragraph 9 item(i) of the new Local Autonomy Act.
• When, in cases in the preceding paragraph, the government agency regarded as the higher government agency is a local government organ, the affairs to be processed by said organ under the provisions of the Administrative Appeals Act shall be Type 1 statutory entrusted functions prescribed in Article 2 paragraph 9 item (i) of the new Local Autonomy Act.
• In the case of the preceding paragraph, if the administrative agency regarded as the higher administrative agency is an office of the local public entity concerned, the affairs to be dealt with by said office pursuant to the provisions of the Administrative Appeal Act shall be the statutorily entrusted affairs provided in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the New Local Autonomy Act.
• In the case of the preceding paragraph, if the administrative agency that is deemed as the Higher Administrative Agency is an organ of the local government, office work to be treated by such organ pursuant to the provision of the Administrative Appeal Act shall be No. 1 statutory entrusted office work set forth in item (i) of paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the New Local Autonomy Act.
• In the case set forth in the preceding paragraph, if the administrative agency that shall be deemed as the Higher Administrative Agency is an organ of the local government, office work to be treated by such organ pursuant to the provision of the Administrative Appeal Act shall be No. 1 statutory entrusted office work set forth in item (i) of paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the New Local Autonomy Act.
• In a case as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the administrative agency deemed to be the higher agency is a local government body, the affairs to be handled by said body pursuant to the provisions of the Administrative Appeals Act shall be Item I statutorily entrusted affairs as provided in item (i) of paragraph (9) of Article 2 of the New Local Autonomy Act.
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, when the administrative agency deemed to be the higher administrative agency is an organ of a local government, the affairs to be administrated by such organ pursuant to the provisions of the Administrative Appeal Act shall be the Type 1 statutory entrusted functions as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the new Local Autonomy Act.
• In the case of the preceding paragraph, if an administrative agency to be regarded as a higher government agency is an organization of local governments, any affair required to be disposed in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Appeal Act shall be regarded as a statutory entrusted affairs defined in Article 2 paragraph 9 item 1 of the new Local Government Act.
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, where an administrative agency that shall be deemed to be a Higher Administrative Agency is an agency of a local public entity, the affairs to be handled by said agency pursuant to the provisions of the Administrative Appeal Act shall be Item 1 Statutory Entrusted Affairs as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the new Local Autonomy Act.
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, when the administrative agency deemed as the higher administrative agency is a local government organ, the affairs to be handled by said organ pursuant to the provisions of the Administrative Appeals Act shall be the Type-1 statutory entrusted functions prescribed by Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the New Local Autonomy Act.
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if such higher government agencies are local government bodies, the matters to be dealt with by such bodies pursuant to the provisions of the Administrative Appeal Act shall be deemed to be the statutory delegated functions of Item 1 prescribed in Item 1 of Paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the new Local Autonomy Act.

• 惣内部の事案といえども、本来ならば、領主又はその委任を受けた守護・地頭が検断権を行使するのが、前代までの慣習であったが、惣村などの自治性の高い村落は、領主の検断介入を拒否・排除し、自検断を行うようになっていった。
• It was a tradition from the preceding era that lords or a Shugo and a Jito (military governor and estate steward) who were delegated from the lords, exercised the right to judge criminal cases even against cases within communities, but with the increased autonomy, communities rejected and excluded the lord's intervention into trials and started to conduct Jikendan themselves.

• その後、戦後の6・3・3・4制になり、もとの小学校を新制中学の校舎に利用するなどによって小学校の通学区の変化があったが、戦前の学区制度廃止前の学区は「京都の元学区」という住民自治の単位として現在も生き残っている。
• Subsequently, with the introduction of the 6/3/3/4 system of education after the war, due to measures such as the appropriation of the buildings that had been used for the elementary schools for use as middle schools and the like, although the districts used to define the elementary school to be attended by local residents changed, the school district system remains intact to this day as the 'Kyoto Original School Districts,' which are autonomous resident districts.

• 京大天皇事件（きょうだいてんのうじけん）は、1951年11月12日の昭和天皇の京都大学来学に際し、キャンパスに押しかけた多数の学生との間で混乱が生じ、京大の学生自治会である同学会に解散処分などが下された事件である。
• The Kyodai-Tenno incident was an incident in which disorder arose between the Emperor Showa who visited Kyoto University on November 12, 1951 and many students who gathered at the campus on that day, and Dogakukai, the student self-governing association of Kyoto University, was ordered to dissolve later.

• 厳密にいえばチケットは金額欄を乗客が下車時に記入するもの（着服防止のため乗務員は記入できない）であるが、広義的には金額があらかじめ設定されたクーポン券や、地方自治体が発行する金額が決められた福祉チケットも含まれる。
• Strictly speaking, taxi tickets are those with payment columns that are supposed to be filled in by the passenger when he/she gets out the taxi (the driver must not fill it in to prevent embezzlement); however, in the broad sense, tickets here include coupons where the value is set up in advance and welfare tickets where the value is also set up in advance and are issued by the local government.

• またこうした政と祭りに一致は中央政府に限らず、地方や町や集落でも、その年の吉凶を占う祭りや、普請としての祭りが行われ、「自治としての政」に対し資金調達や、吉凶の結果による社会基盤の実施の時期の決定や執政の指針とした。
• Such unity of politics and religion was not limited to the central government, however; in the provinces, towns and villages of Japan, festivals were held to determine whether the area in question could expect to enjoy good fortune or to conduct construction work so as to raise funds for 'autonomous matsurigoto' and, based on the results of the fortune telling, to determine when to start social infrastructure work and provide guidance for the administration.

• 京都大学では1970年代になって全国的に学生運動が退潮期に入っても、なお学生寮（自治寮）や一部の学部自治会、京都大学西部講堂などを拠点として運動が一定の勢力を保ち続け、「日本のガラパゴス」と呼ばれる状況を呈していた。
• In the 1970's when student movements declined around the nation, student movements at Kyoto University were still active using dormitories (autonomous dormitories), some college councils and the west auditorium of Kyoto University as the base of their activity, and such situations were dubbed 'Japanese Galapagos.'

• 鍋島茂義（なべしま しげよし、寛政12年10月25日 (旧暦)（1800年12月11日） - 文久2年11月27日 (旧暦)（1863年1月16日））は、江戸時代末期の第28代佐賀藩武雄領主（武雄領は佐賀藩の自治領）。
• Shigeyoshi NABESHIMA (December 11, 1800 - January 16, 1863) was the 28th feudal lord of Takeo in the Saga Domain in the late Edo period (Takeo was a dominion in the Saga Domain).

• 地方自治法第二百五十二条の二十二第一項の中核市（以下この条において「中核市」という。）において、法第六十七条の規定により、中核市が処理する事務については、地方自治法施行令第百七十四条の四十九の十三に定めるところによる。
• At core cities set forth in Article 252-22, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (hereinafter referred to as "core cities" in this Article), affairs to be determined by core cities under Article 67 of the Act shall be as provided in Article 174-49-13 of the Order for Enforcement of the Local Autonomy Act.

• この運営方針が当たった事と高度成長が重なった事で、税金が豊かに集まり、革新自治体の割には財政不振に苦しむ事がほとんどなかった（1956年に山城大水害の影響で一度財政再建団体に転落したが、1962年に自力で立ち直っている。
• As his operation policies worked and the nation concurrently experienced the high economic growth, the prefecture had ample tax revenues and hardly ever faced financial difficulties although it was a reformist local government (It fell to a fiscal reconstruction organization once due to a catastrophic flood in Yamashiro in 1956, but revived itself in 1962.

• しかも、新幹線新駅が県と栗東市、周辺自治体の共同出資に対し、草津線接続新駅に滋賀県は関与しない（草津線新駅は栗東市の都市整備事業の中で行うべきもの）というスタンスだったため、今後草津線に新駅ができるかどうかは微妙である。
• Additionally, in contrast to the new Shinkansen station to be jointly financed by Shiga Prefecture, Ritto City and other surrounding local governments, a new connecting station on the Kusatsu Line did not involve Shiga Prefecture (because the Shiga Prefecture considered that the construction of a new station on the Kusatsu Line should be included in the urban development of Ritto City); therefore, it was uncertain whether a new station would be built on the Kusatsu Line.

• このため、醍醐地域の住民は、2001年9月に自治町内会連絡協議会などが中心となった「醍醐地域にコミュニティバスを走らせる市民の会」を設立し、京都市交通局をはじめとした関係団体に路線バスの運行を強く求めていくこととなった。
• Accordingly, local people in the Daigo Ward established 'To Run Community Buses in the Daigo Area Citizens' Association' in September 2001, which was mainly organized by the Residents' Liaison and Discussion Association, and people started to strongly demand a local bus route.

• 市町村長が港湾管理者としてした前条第二項の規定に基づく公有水面埋立法による職権の行使（地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務であるものに限る。）についての審査請求は、国土交通大臣に対してするものとする。
• The application for a review of the authority exercised by a mayor of a municipality as the Port Management Body set forth in the Public Water Body Reclamation Act pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article (limited to the legally delegated affairs of item (i) set forth in the item (i) of paragraph (9) of Article 2 of the Local Autonomy Act) shall be made to the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

• そのため、現在のところ、地方自治体（埼玉県）が所有しているC58 363と、非営利団体である日本ナショナルトラストが保有しているC12 164を除き、動態保存の蒸気機関車は各保有企業が自力で維持費を捻出している状況である。
• Therefore, the present situation is that except for the C58 363 owned by a local government (Saitama Prefecture) and the C12 164 owned by Japan National Trust, a nonprofit organization, steam locomotives preserved in a dynamic state are maintained by the funds from each of the companies that own them.

• 西日本旅客鉄道湖西線の西大津駅は、地元自治体の請願により2008年3月に「大津京駅」に改称されたが、「大津京」という用語や概念をめぐり更なる誤解や混乱を生む恐れが指摘されている（詳細は、大津京駅駅名改称に関する議論を参照）。
• Although Nishiotsu Station of West Japan Railway Company Kosei Line was renamed 'Otsu-kyo Station' in March 2008 as petitioned by the local autonomous body, it is pointed out that further misunderstanding and confusion about the term 'Otsu-kyo' and its concept might arise (Refer to the discussion on the renaming of Otsu-kyo Station for details).

• ただし、地方自治法において、「都」制度が道府県制度と並び規定されているが、都制度の適用があるのは、現在の東京都を区域とする地方自治体に限定されるとは規定されず、また、いわゆる首都の所在地の自治体に適用されるという規定もない。
• However, in the Local Autonomy Law, 'Metropolis system' is stipulated along with the prefectural system, but it is not stipulated that application of the Metropolis system is limited only to Tokyo, and there is no regulation says the Metropolis system should be applied only to the municipality near the location of Tokyo.

• なお、一部のジェンダーフリー論者からは、鯉のぼりが封建的な家制度の象徴だとして批判されるケースもあり、男女共同参画社会づくりの一環として鯉のぼりを家庭内の身分を想起させないよう縦ではなく横につるすように指導した自治体もあった。
• Also, there has been a case in which certain gender-free debaters criticized koi-nobori as a symbol of the feudalistic family system, so some autonomous bodies have instructed that koi-nobori should be hung up horizontally instead of vertically so as not to recall rank within the family, thus encouraging a society of gender equality.

• 中華人民共和国の香港や広東省、広西チワン族自治区にはボウチャイファン（ボウチャイファン：ボウは「保」の下に「火」と書く）と呼ばれる肉や野菜をトッピングする土鍋飯があり、このオプションの具として卵を追加できるシステムとなっている。
• In Hong Kong and Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, Guangdong in the People's Republic of China, there is earthenware pot rice topped with meat and vegetables, which is called po chai fan, and an egg can be added to it as an optional ingredient.

• 閑散区間である亀山駅 (三重県) - 加茂駅 (京都府)の間を電化し、大阪や名古屋まで電車を直通させてはどうかという声があり、沿線の自治体は「関西本線奈良亀山間複線電化促進同盟」などの団体を結成してこの区間の電化を要望している。
• In response to voices requesting to the electrification of Kameyama Station (Mie Prefecture)-Kamo Station (Kyoto Prefecture) section and operate direct trains to Osaka/Nagoya, municipal governments along the line are requesting the electrification of this section by organizing 'Association for promoting double-track and electrification of the Kansai Main Line's Nara-Kameyama section' etc..

• 前項の規定により指定都市等の長がした処分（地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務に係るものに限る。）に係る審査請求についての都道府県知事の裁決に不服がある者は、厚生労働大臣に対して再審査請求をすることができる。
• A person who has an objection to the prefectural governor's determination on a request for examination pertaining to a disposition imposed by the head of any of the Designated Cities, etc. pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph (limited to the dispositions pertaining to the category 1 statutory entrusted affairs provided in Article 2 paragraph (9) item (i) of the Local Autonomy Act) may request the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare to conduct re-examination.

• 地方自治法第二百三十一条の三第一項、第二項及び第三項前段の規定は、入港料その他の料金、過怠金その他港務局の収入に関して準用する。この場合において、同条第二項中「条例」とあるのは「港湾法第十二条の二の規程」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of paragraph (1) and (2) and the first sentence of paragraph (3) of Article 231-3 of the Local Autonomy Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to port dues and other incomes, penalties and other revenues of a port authority. In this case, 'the ordinance of the local public entity' in paragraph (2) of the same Article shall read 'the regulations set forth in Article 12-2 of the Port and Harbor Act'.

• この法律（第三条第五項（同条第九項において準用する場合を含む。）及び第六条を除く。）の規定により都道府県が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• The affairs to be dealt with by each prefecture pursuant to the provisions of this Act (excluding paragraph (5) of Article 3 (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (9) of the same Article) and Article 6) shall be Item I statutorily entrusted affairs pursuant to item (i) of paragraph (9) of Article 2 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• 第一項の施策として、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第百八十条の二の規定に基づく都道府県知事の委任を受けて都道府県労働委員会が行う場合には、中央労働委員会は、当該都道府県労働委員会に対し、必要な助言又は指導をすることができる。
• In the case where a Prefectural Labor Relations Commission receives the delegation of the governor based on the provisions of Article 180-2 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) and takes the measures prescribed in paragraph 1, the Central Labor Relations Commission may give said Prefectural Labor Relations Commission necessary advice and guidance.

• また、同時に踊りの普及チームが発足し、京都地域を中心とする大学やイベントでのおどり披露活動、おどり手を希望する学生や市民へのおどり練習活動、小学校や中学校、地元自治体などへ披露と練習会をセットで行うおどり出前活動などを行うことになった。
• At the same time, a team was formed to popularize the dance, performing the dance at universities and events mainly in Kyoto, teaching students and citizens who were interested in the dance, and visiting elementary and middle schools and local authorities to demonstrate the dance and give lessons.

• 江戸時代の遠国奉行や明治の府県警察部の管轄下にある居留地警察（築地居留地・横浜居留地・長崎居留地）と、居留地の自治組織によって設置され、内務省 (日本)が全く関知しない居留地警察（川口居留地・神戸居留地）の二通りの警察組織が存在する。
• There were two types of foreign settlement police: the first kind (present at the foreign settlements in Tsukiji, Yokohama, and Nagasaki) was under the jurisdiction of the ongoku bugyo (magistrates of distant provinces) in the Edo period and the prefectural police departments during the Meiji period, while the second kind of foreign settlement police force (like that in place at the foreign settlements in Kawaguchi and Kobe) was established autonomously by the inhabitants and was entirely unsupervised by Japan's Ministry of Home Affairs.

• こうした自治の場で町鳶は冠婚葬祭の互助活動などや消火（町火消）、祭礼（山車・神輿の作成）、橋、井戸の屋根、つるべや上水道の枡、木管や下水道のどぶ板といった町内インフラストラクチャーの作成、保守などを、町大工（大工）と協力して担ってきた。
• In these autonomous places, machitobi was engaged in mutual activities for ceremonial occasions, fire activities (as machihikeshi or fire brigade), rites and festivals (construction of dashi [floats] and mikoshi [portable shrines]), construction and maintenance of town infrastructure including bridges; well roofs; well sweeps and water supply manholes; and wooden pipes and ditch covers, working together with machidaiku (carpenters).

• また、土居の内側を洛中・外側を洛外として、洛中内部において更に農村として扱った上野・西ノ京・中堂寺・九条・塩小路などの村々を除いた洛中地域を特に京中（きょうちゅう）として上京・下京のそれぞれの町年寄（後に町代）による一定の自治を認めた。
• Upon designating the area inside of the doi as Rakuchu and the area outside as Rakugai, Hideyoshi went on to specifically designate inner Rakuchu; with the exception of villages such as Ueno, Nishinokyo, Chudoji, Kujo and Shiokoji which were treated as agricultural villages; as Kyochu and allowed a certain degree of self-governance by machi-doshiyori (ward heads) and later by chodai (town officials who assisted government officials).

• 同じころ、伊勢の山田には年寄による自治制度（山田三方）があったほか、伊勢の大湊にも会合衆による自治組織が、また博多は12人の年行司が町を治め、庄内酒田には町政を取り仕切った三十六人衆がいるなど、それぞれの都市に応じた制度で自治が行われた
• In the same period, the elders of Yamada in Ise, headed a self-government system called 'Yamadasanpo,' a form of self-government was also found in Egoshu in Ominato, Ise, while in Hakata, twelve Nengyoji (town officials) were administering the city, and in Shonai Sakata the Sanju-roku-nin shu with thirty-six members were in control of town administration; all these are examples of self-government that was suited to their respective cities.

• 国または政府によって基本方針を策定し、その地域の関係者との協議を行い地方自治体である市町村や都道府県による観光圏の整備計画の作成とそれらの整備事業の実施に必要な事を関係する観光などの事業者とともに行い、その圏の発展を促すことを目指すもの。
• The aim is that the nation or government formulates the basic policy, has talks with the people involved in the area, works with relevant companies (including tourism operators) on the things necessary for preparation of the plan for the development of sightseeing area by the local government such as the municipalities or prefectures and the implementation of its development project, and promotes the development of that area.

• 世界のロンドン、ニューヨーク、パリと比しても圧倒的に森が少ない点を後藤の責に帰する訳にはいかないが、自治のプロを任じながら時代の流れののままに、都市問題解決の中核となる地域コミュニティの結束点を破壊しているのは断じて見過ごせない点である。
• Although it is not inappropriate to blame him for the fact that there are incomparably less green in Tokyo than London, New York, or Paris, we can not overlook his error that the aspects to unify a local community, the core to solve urban problems, were destroyed by the person who was describing himself as professional of self-government, yet in reality simply followed the fashion of the day.

• 琵琶湖の市町境界については、今までどの市町にも組み入れられていなかったが、沿岸の各自治体で行う共同会議において2007年5月8日に境界の設定に合意し、各自治体の議会の同意を得た上で総務省に届け出を行い、9月28日付で官報に確定が公示された。
• The municipal borders of Lake Biwa had never been established, but at a joint conference held by the municipalities on the shore of the lake, their delegates reached an agreement to establish the borders of Lake Biwa on May 8, 2007; a document was submitted to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications after the approval of each municipality's assembly, and finally the establishment of borders was officially announced in the official gazette on September 28.

• 国土交通大臣又は都道府県は、地方自治法第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市（以下この条及び次条において単に「指定都市」という。）の区域を含む都市計画区域に係る都市計画を決定し、又は変更しようとするときは、当該指定都市の長と協議するものとする。
• When the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism or prefectural governors intend to decide on or change city plans pertaining to city planning areas that include areas of designated cities provided by Article 252-19 paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (hereinafter referred to simply as 'designated cities' in this Article and the next Article), they shall consult with the heads of the relevant designated cities.

• 気候や土壌を初めとした、それぞれの地方の自然条件を生かすように開発された「酒米地方自治体開発の酒米」を原料として日本酒を醸造するときに、もっとも清酒酵母としての力が発揮されるように、開発の段階から想定もしくは理想としている場合がほとんどである。
• In most cases, sake yeasts are designed to make the best of them from their development phase, taking into account the sake brewing using 'sakamai (rice for brewing sake) developed by each local municipality in sakamai producing areas,' taking advantage of local natural conditions including climate and soil.

• 「市制・町村制」（明治21年法律第1号）と併せて明治憲法下の地方自治制度を形づくる法律である「府県制」（明治23年法律第35号）は、「郡制」（明治23年法律第36号）とともに第1次山縣内閣の下で帝国議会の協賛を経て1890年5月17日に公布された。
• The law, Fukensei (Act No. 35 in 1890) which forms the local administration system under the Meiji Constitution, along with 'Shisei Chosonsei' (City, town and village system law) (Act No. 1 in 1888), was supported by the Imperial Diet under the First Yamagata cabinet and was issued with 'Gunsei' (County system law) (Act No. 36 in 1890) on May 17, 1890.

• その後20年にわたり台湾総督は同化政策を推進し、具体的な政策としては地方自治を拡大するための総督府評議会の設置、日台共学制度及び共婚法の公布、笞刑の撤廃、日本語学習の整備などその同化を促進し、台湾人への差別を減少させるための政策を実現した。
• The Governor-General of Taiwan promoted the assimilation policy for the next twenty years, policy which included an establishment of an elected advisory committee to expand autonomy, the introduction of non-segregation to educational institutions, an issuance of the intermarriage act, a demolishment of flogging as criminal punishment, encouraging the study of the Japanese language in order to promote assimilation as well as to decrease discrimination of Taiwanese.

• しかしその後、本願寺門徒と富樫政親は対立するようになり、長享2年（1488年）、政親が一向宗討伐軍を差し向けると、結局政親を自刃に追い込んで自治を行うまでになった（ただし富樫氏一族の富樫正高は一向一揆に同情的で、守護大名として象徴的に居座っている）。
• However, Hongan-ji's Monto and Masachika TOGASHI opposed each other after that, and when Masachika sent a force to subdue Ikko Shu in 1488, they forced Masachika to commit suicide by his sword, and achieved autonomous control (However, Masataka TOGASHI of the Togashi clan showed sympathy for Ikko-Ikki, and he remained Shugo Daimyo symbolically).

• 北海道の根室市・北見市・石狩市・天塩町等については旧国名を使用していた期間が短かったことから、逆に「国」を付けない場合は現存する自治体の方を指すことが多い（但し、釧路市は高知県土佐市と土佐町のケース同様、同名の釧路町と区別するために「市」を付ける）。
• In Hokkaido the old provincial names were used for only brief period of time; therefore, contrary to usual cases, in many cases the names without 'province' mean existing municipalities such as in the cases of Numuro City, Kitami City, Ishikari city, Teshio-cho; however, in case of Kushiro City, addition of 'city' is required to distinguish it from the homonymous Kushiro-cho as in the case of Tosa City in Kochi Prefecture and Tosa-cho.

• 第二次世界大戦中は更に政府の統制が強化されたが、終戦後の1946年（昭和21年）の第1次地方制度改革で知事の選挙投票者による分類制が導入されるなどの民主化が行われ、最終的には1947年（昭和22年）の地方自治法の成立により現行の都道府県制に移行した。
• During World War II, the regulation by the government was enforced, however, after the war, the first reform of the local system was implemented in 1946 to promote democratization, and the classification system where a prefectural governor is elected by voters was introduced, which was after all replaced by the current Todofuken sei (system of prefectural government) when the Local Autonomy Law was established in 1947.

• この法律の規定により都道府県、保健所を設置する市又は特別区（以下この条において「都道府県等」という。）が処理することとされている事務のうち、次に掲げるものは、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• Of the affairs to be handled by a prefecture, or city or special ward having established a health center (hereinafter referred to as a 'Prefecture, etc.' in this article) pursuant to the provisions of this Act, that listed in the following shall be an operation entrusted under Item 1 prescribed in the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1967), Article 2, Paragraph 9, Item 1.

• 一般的に「宇治のお茶」とイメージされているが、近年は宇治市内の都市化に伴い茶園の面積は減少し、「自治体内に100haの茶園面積を有すること」が条件となっている「全国茶サミット」には、市内の茶園面積が80haほどでありながらも特例でメンバーとなっている。
• Generally it has the image as 'tea of Uji,' but recently the area of tea gardens in Uji has decreased along with urbanization of Uji City, and Uji City has a membership to 'National Tea Summit' imposing a condition of 'having tea gardens of 100ha in area in the municipality,' as an exception despite having tea gardens of only about 80ha.

• 国有財産法第二十一条及び第二十三条から第二十五条までの規定は第一項から第五項までの規定による貸付けについて、地方自治法第二百三十八条の二第二項及び第二百三十八条の五第三項から第五項までの規定は第六項から第十項までの規定による貸付けについて、それぞれ準用する。
• The provisions of Articles 21 and 23 to 25 inclusive of the National Property Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to leases set forth in paragraphs (1) to (5) inclusive of this article. The provision of paragraph (2) of Article 238-2, and paragraphs (3) to (5) inclusive of Article 238-5 of the Local Government Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the leases set forth in paragraphs (6) to (10) inclusive of this article.

• この法律は「自治体としての府県」について規定したものであり、住民から選挙された議員（納税額によって区分された階級ごとに選挙される）によって構成される府県会と、知事と府県高等官および府県会議員の中から選出された名誉職参事会員による府県参事会が自治の主体となった。
• This law stipulates 'Fuken as an autonomous body' which was mainly managed by Fuken kai (prefectural assembly) consisting of councilors elected by the citizens (the election was held by each class classified by the amount of tax payment) as well as Fuken sanjikai (prefectural council) consisting of honorary council members elected from prime ministers, prefectural senior officials and councilors of Fukenkai.

• そのガイド組織が地域活性化のために価値ある存在で、かつ利用客や旅行会社の経済的負担を仰げないのならば、地元自治体や観光事業者及びその団体が当該組織に対価を支払うべきであり、ガイド組織自身もその受け皿としての機能を有した組織に生まれ変わる必要があるのではなかろうか。
• A volunteer guide organizations are valuable entities for local revitalization and also do not require the financial support of customers and travel agencies, local public bodies as well as tourism industry workers and related groups should be expected to make the appropriate payments while it is also necessary for guide organizations to transform themselves into the recipients of such payment.

• 後に領主は国という形態が自己組織化の圧力もあって、次第に極大で各々の民衆の想像を絶するほどの政治的システムに変化する過程で取り込まれていったが、その多くは幾らかの自治権を保持し続け、地域の様々な産業に関与、地域の繁栄も困窮も領主の腹一つで決まる部分も根強く残った。
• As states gradually changed into bigger political systems beyond the average person's understanding, feudalism was disolved by the pressure to organize; however, many lords partially preserved their autonomies and engaged in various industries in their regions, so there was a deep-seated aspect that prosperity or poverty in a region depended upon a feudal lord.

• 地域の事情により古くから大工と言う職業が多数存在する地域もあったが、自治単位の人口の少ないところでは、十分の付き合い（相互扶助のこと村八分と言う言葉で知られる）の一つとして建前（上棟）には人手がいるためお互い様として地域住民が積極的に手伝う事が当然であった。
• In some communities there were traditionally many carpenters, while in other communities with smaller populations, it was natural that the residents would be proactive in supporting each other when building the framework of a house (framework raising) which is very labor intensive, and due to the social obligation called jubu-no-tsukiai (adequate relationship) those who did not cooperate may be ostracized or become 'murahachibu.'

• 港湾管理者は、国有財産法第十八条第一項又は地方自治法第二百三十八条の四第一項の規定にかかわらず、特定埠頭を構成する行政財産（国有財産法第三条第二項又は地方自治法第二百三十八条第四項に規定する行政財産をいう。）を第二項の認定を受けた者に貸し付けることができる。
• The Port Management Body may lease the administrative property (meaning the administrative property set forth in paragraph (2) of Article 3 of the National Property Act or paragraph (4) of Article 238 of the Local Autonomy Act) which forms the specified wharf to the party authorized pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) regardless of the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 18 of the National Property Act or paragraph (1) of Article 238-4 of the Local Autonomy Act.

• この法律の施行の際現に旧地方自治法附則第八条に規定する職員（労働大臣又はその委任を受けた者により任命された者に限る。附則第百五十八条において「職業安定関係地方事務官」という。）である者は、別に辞令が発せられない限り、相当の都道府県労働局の職員となるものとする。
• The persons who are actually the officials prescribed by Article 8 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Old Local Autonomy Act (limited to the persons appointed by the Minister of Labour or any person delegated by him/her; in Article 158 of the Supplementary Provisions referred to as the "Employment-Security-Related Local Official(s)") at the time of enforcement of this Act shall become the officials of the corresponding Prefectural Labor Bureau unless a separate appointment is issued for such person.

• 地方自治法第二百五十二条の十四第一項の規定により市町村の委託を受けて審査判定業務（第二十七条から第三十五条まで及び前条の規定により認定審査会が行う業務をいう。以下この条において同じ。）を行う都道府県に、当該審査判定業務を行わせるため、都道府県介護認定審査会を置く。
• Pursuant to the provisions of Article 252-14, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act, a Prefectural Certification Committee of Needed Long-Term Care shall be established by entrustment from a Municipality, in order for the prefecture to perform examinations and judgments (operations that a Certification Committee performs pursuant to the provisions of Article 27 to Article 35 and the preceding Article; the same shall apply hereinafter in this Article).

• 都道府県は、地方自治法第二百二十七条の規定に基づき調査事務に係る手数料を徴収する場合においては、第一項の規定により指定調査機関が行う前条第二項の調査を受けようとする者に、条例で定めるところにより、当該手数料を当該指定調査機関に納めさせ、その収入とすることができる。
• A prefecture, in a case when collection fees pertaining to Investigation Affairs based on the provisions of Article 227 of the Local Autonomy Act, may have said person that accepts the investigation as set forth in paragraph (2) in the preceding Article provided by a Designated Investigative Agency pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) pay said fee to said Designated Investigative Agency pursuant to the provisions of a prefectural ordinance and determine said fee as income of said Designated Investigative Agency.

• だが、本来東京都は花粉症増加の原因をディーゼル自動車の排気ガスに求め、排ガス汚染との関連はみられないという疫学調査の結果が出たにもかかわらず、その規制を強行した自治体であることは記しておかねばならない（ただし、規制そのものは花粉症のみのために行なったものではない）。
• However, it must be said that Tokyo is an autonomous body that enforced diesel regulation based on the concept that exhaust fumes from diesel vehicles was the cause for increases in pollinosis despite epidemiological investigation findings that there is no relationship between exhaust gas pollution and pollinosis (although these regulations did not pertain only to pollinosis).

• 地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市（以下この条において「指定都市」という。）において、法第六十七条の規定により、指定都市が処理する事務については、地方自治法施行令（昭和二十二年政令第十六号）第百七十四条の三十四に定めるところによる。
• At designated cities set forth in Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) (hereinafter referred to as "designated cities" in this Article), affairs to be determined by designated cities under Article 67 of the Act shall be as provided in Article 174-34 of the Order for Enforcement of the Local Autonomy Act (Cabinet Order No. 16 of 1947).

• 自治体によって関係条例の名前は、「食品行商衛生条例」や「食品行商条例」または「魚介類行商取締条例」など、そのニュアンスには若干のちがいがあるが、概ね行商として定められている営業品目には、魚介類とその加工品、肉類とその加工品、菓子・パン・アイスクリーム・豆腐類・弁当などがある。
• Although the names of related regulations are slightly different in nuance, like 'Food peddling health code', 'Food peddling code' or 'Seafood peddling regulation', items for peddling are generally defined, which are seafood, its processed products, meat, its processed products, sweets, bread, ice cream, tofu and lunch boxes.

• 短期滞在の在留資格をもつて在留する者で、本邦において行われる国際競技会等の経過若しくは結果に関連して、又はその円滑な実施を妨げる目的をもつて、当該国際競技会等の開催場所又はその所在する市町村（東京都の特別区の存する区域及び地方自治法第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市にあつては、区）の区域内若しくはその近傍の不特定若しくは多数の者の用に供される場所において、不法に、人を殺傷し、人に暴行を加え、人を脅迫し、又は建造物その他の物を損壊したもの
• of the Local Autonomy Act) or to neighboring places provided for use to unspecified or a large number of persons.

• 第十九条から第二十二条まで、第二十四条及び第二十五条の規定により市町村が行う支給決定に係る事務の処理に要する費用（地方自治法第二百五十二条の十四第一項の規定により市町村が審査判定業務を都道府県審査会に委託している場合にあっては、当該委託に係る費用を含む。）の百分の五十以内
• Within 50/100 of the expenses required for administrative affairs pertaining to grant decision conducted by municipalities pursuant to Article 19 through Article 22 and Article 24 through Article 25 (in the event that municipalities entrust service of examination and judgment to prefectural examination board by paragraph 1 of Article 252-14 of Local Autonomy Act, including the expenses pertaining to such entrustment).

• 戦国時代 (日本)になると、戦国大名の一円支配が進み、自検断は表向き次第に消滅もしくは縮小していったが、江戸時代以降も村や町（ちょう）といった公認共同体は事実上それに近い自治権を、あたかも自検断権を放棄しているかのごとき建前に立った、政権との妥協と黙認の上に、保持し続けた。
• In the Sengoku period (period of warring states in Japan), ichien shihai (rule the whole territory) by daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) was developed in the Sengoku period and officially Jikendan seemed to disappear and become reduced, however, after the Edo period, authorized communities such as villages and towns (cho) virtually kept possession of their autonomy similar to Jikendan under the compromise and tolerance of the government, standing on the premise that as if they waived their right to judge criminal cases.

• 新地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務については、できる限り新たに設けることのないようにするとともに、新地方自治法別表第一に掲げるもの及び新地方自治法に基づく政令に示すものについては、地方分権を推進する観点から検討を加え、適宜、適切な見直しを行うものとする。
• Item 1 Statutory Entrusted Affairs prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 9, item 1 of the new Local Autonomy Act shall, in addition, be created to the minimum possible extent, and such affairs listed in Appended Table I of the new Local Autonomy Act and those provided for by a Cabinet Order enacted under the new Local Autonomy Act shall be examined from the perspective of promoting decentralization and be reviewed as appropriate.
• The additional creation of the item (i) statutory commissioned affairs provided in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the Local Autonomy Act shall be avoided as much as possible, and those listed in appended table 1 of the New Local Autonomy Act and those indicated in a Cabinet Order based on the New Local Autonomy Act shall be reviewed from the viewpoint of promoting decentralization and be revised appropriately as needed.
• As well as striving to ensure that, as far as possible, the Type 1 statutory entrusted functions prescribed in Article 2 paragraph 9 item(i) of the new Local Autonomy Act are not newly established, those listed in Appended Table 1 of the new Local Autonomy Act and those indicated in Cabinet Orders based on said Act shall be subjected to review and appropriately revised at suitable times, from the viewpoint of promoting decentralization.
• As well as striving to ensure that, as far as possible, the Type 1 statutory entrusted functions prescribed in Article 2 paragraph 9 item (i) of the new Local Autonomy Act are not newly established, those listed in Appended Table 1 of the new Local Autonomy Act and those indicated in Cabinet Orders based on said Act shall be subjected to review and appropriately revised at suitable times, from the viewpoint of promoting regional devolution.
• With regard to the statutorily entrusted affairs provided in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the New Local Autonomy Act, new affairs shall not be established to the extent possible, and the affairs listed in Appended Table 1 of the New Local Autonomy Act and the affairs provided by Cabinet Order based on the New Local Autonomy Act shall be examined from the viewpoint of promoting decentralization and reviewed as appropriate.
• As well as striving to ensure that, as far as possible, the No. 1 statutory entrusted office work set forth in item (i) of paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the New Local Autonomy Act has not been newly established, those listed in Appended Table 1 of the New Local Autonomy Act and those indicated in Cabinet Orders based on said Act shall be subjected to review and appropriately revised at suitable times, from the viewpoint of promoting regional devolution.
• While an effort shall be made for ensuring that, as far as possible, the Type-1 statutory entrusted functions prescribed by Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the New Local Autonomy Act are not newly established, those listed in the appended table 1 of the New Local Autonomy Act and those indicated in any Cabinet Order under the same Act shall be subjected to review and appropriately revised from time to time from the viewpoint of promoting decentralization.
• The statutory delegated function in Item 1 pursuant to Item 1 of Paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the new Local Autonomy Act shall not, as far as is possible, be newly created, and matters listed in the appended Table 1 of the new Local Autonomy Act and specified by a Cabinet Order pursuant to the new Local Autonomy Act shall be examined and reviewed accordingly from a local autonomy standpoint.

• 第一条中地方自治法第二百五十条の次に五条、節名並びに二款及び款名を加える改正規定（同法第二百五十条の九第一項に係る部分（両議院の同意を得ることに係る部分に限る。）に限る。）、第四十条中自然公園法附則第九項及び第十項の改正規定（同法附則第十項に係る部分に限る。）、第二百四十四条の規定（農業改良助長法第十四条の三の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに第四百七十二条の規定（市町村の合併の特例に関する法律第六条、第八条及び第十七条の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに附則第七条、第十条、第十二条、第五十九条ただし書、第六十条第四項及び第五項、第七十三条、第七十七条、第百五十七条第四項から第六項まで、第百六十条、第百六十三条、第百六十四条並びに第二百二条の規定　公布の日
• The provisions for revision in Article 1 to add five articles, the section title, and two subsections and the titles thereof following Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act (limited, however, to the part concerning Article 250-9, paragraph 1 of the said Act (limited, however, to the part concerning the requirement of consent of both Houses)), the provisions in Article 40 to revise paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited, however, to the part concerning paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the said Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provision to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act), and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Merger of Municipalities), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, proviso of Article 59, Article 60, paragraph 4 and paragraph 5, Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraphs 4 to 6, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the date of promulgation.
• From Article 1, the provisions adding five Articles, a Section name, two Subsections and Subsection names after Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act (limited to the portions pertaining to Article 250-9, paragraph (1) of the same Act [limited to the portions pertaining to the obtainment of consent of both houses]); from Article 40, the provisions revising paragraph (9) and paragraph (10) of the Natural Parks Act (limited to the portion pertaining to paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the same Act); the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the portions pertaining to the provisions revising Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement Promotion Act); and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the portions pertaining to the provisions revising Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions on Mergers of Municipalities); and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the proviso to Article 59, Article 60, paragraph (4) and paragraph (5), Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraphs (4) to (6), Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202-　The day of promulgation
• The amended provisions whereby five Articles, Section headings, two Subsections and Subsection headings are added after Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act in Article 1 (limited to the part pertaining to Article 250-9 paragraph 1 of said Act (limited to the part pertaining to obtaining the consent of both Houses of the Diet)), the amended provisions of paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Natural Parks Act Supplementary Provisions in Article 40 (limited to the part pertaining to paragraph 10 of said Supplementary Provisions), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the part pertaining to the amended provisions of Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement Promotion Act), the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the part pertaining to the amended provisions of Article 6, Article 8 and Article 17 of the Municipal Merger Act),and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the proviso to Article 59, Article 60 paragraph 4 and paragraph 5, Article 73, Article 77, Article 157 paragraph 4 through paragraph 6, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164 and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　The date of promulgation
• The amended provisions whereby five Articles, Section headings, two Subsections and Subsection headings are added after Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act in Article 1 (limited to the part pertaining to Article 250-9 paragraph 1 of said Act (limited to the part pertaining to obtaining the consent of both Houses of the Diet)), the amended provisions of paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Natural Parks Act Supplementary Provisions in Article 40 (limited to the part pertaining to paragraph 10 of said Supplementary Provisions), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the part pertaining to the amended provisions of Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement Promotion Act), the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the part pertaining to the amended provisions of Article 6, Article 8 and Article 17 of the Municipal Merger Act), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the proviso to Article 59, Article 60 paragraph 4 and paragraph 5, Article 73, Article 77, Article 157 paragraph 4 through paragraph 6, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164 and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　The date of promulgation
• The revised provision adding 5 Articles, the Section title, two Subsections and the Subsection titles after Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act in Article 1 (limited to the portion pertaining to paragraph (1) of Article 250-9 of the same Act (limited to the portion pertaining to obtaining the consent of both the Lower and Upper Houses)), the revised provisions of paragraphs (9) and (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act in Article 40 (limited to the portion pertaining to paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the same Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the portion pertaining to the revised provisions of Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement Promotion Act), and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the portion pertaining to the revised provisions of Articles 6, 8 and 17 of Act on Special Provisions Concerning Merger of Municipalities), and the provisions of Articles 7, 10 and 12, the proviso of Article 59, Article 60, paragraphs (4) and (5), Articles 73 and 77, Article 157, paragraphs (4) through (6), Articles 160, 163, 164 and 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the day of promulgation
• Amended provisions whereby five articles, section headings, two subsections and subsection headings are added after Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act in Article 1 (limited to the part pertaining to paragraph 1 of Article 250-9 of said Act (limited to the part pertaining to obtaining the consent of both Houses of the Diet)), the amended provisions of paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Natural Parks Act Supplementary Provisions in Article 40 (limited to the part pertaining to paragraph 10 of said Supplementary Provisions), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the part pertaining to the amended provisions of Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement Promotion Act), the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the part pertaining to the amended provisions of Article 6, Article 8 and Article 17 of the Municipal Merger Act), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the proviso to Article 59, paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 of Article 60, Article 73, Article 77, paragraph 4 through to paragraph 6 of Article 157, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164 and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　The date of promulgation
• The revised provision adding five articles, section headings, two subsections and subsection headings following Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act (limited to the portion pertaining to Article 250-9, paragraph (1) of the same Act (limited to the portion pertaining to obtaining the consent of both Houses of the Diet)) in Article 1; the revised provisions of paragraphs (9) and (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited to the portion pertaining to paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the same Act) in Article 40; the provision of Article 244 (excluding the portion pertaining to the revised provision of Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement Promotion Act); the provision of Article 472 (excluding the portion pertaining to the revised provisions of Article 6, Article 8 and Article 17 of the Municipal Merger Act); and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the proviso to Article 59, Article 60, paragraphs (4) and (5), Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraphs (4) to (6) inclusive, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164 and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the day of promulgation.

• 前条第六項から第十項までに定めるもののほか、地方公共団体は、必要があると認めるときは、地方自治法第二百三十八条の四第一項の規定にかかわらず、特定民間事業の用に供するため、行政財産を、その用途又は目的を妨げない限度において、当該特定民間事業を行う選定事業者に貸し付けることができる。
• In addition to leases prescribed in paragraphs (6) to (10) inclusive of the preceding article a local government may lease, when it finds necessary, an administrative asset in use for a Specified Private Project to the Appointed Business Operator who implements the Specified Private Project, notwithstanding the provision of the paragraph (1) of Article 238-4 of the Local Government Act, to the extent that the lease does not prevent the original use or purpose of the asset.

• 農林水産大臣は、第五項 において準用する第十一条第六項の規定により指示をしようとするときは、あらかじめ、関係都道府県知事に当該指示の内容を通知しなければならない。ただ し、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十条の六第一項の規定による通知をした場合は、この限りでない。
• When the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister is going to given an instruction pursuant to the provision of paragraph (6), Article 11 applied mutatis mutandis in paragraph (5), he/she shall notify the Governor concerned of the contents of said instruction in advance; provided that the same shall not apply in the case where a notice is given pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), Article 250-6 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• 地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務につい ては、できる限り新たに設けることのないようにするとともに、新地方自治法別表第一に掲げるもの及び新地方自治法に基づく政令に示すものについては、地方 分権を推進する観点から検討を加え、適宜、適切な見直しを行うものとする。
• Item 1 Statutory Entrusted Affairs prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 9, item 1 of the new Local Government Act shall, in addition, be created to the minimum possible extent, and such affairs listed in Appended Table I of the new Local Government Act and those provided for by Cabinet Order enacted under the new Local Government Act shall be examined from the perspective of promoting decentralization and be reviewed as appropriate.

• 地方公共団体は、必要があると認めるときは、地方自治法第二百三十八条の四第一項の規定にかかわらず、選定事業の用に供するため、行政財産（同法第二百三十八条第三項に規定する行政財産をいう。次項から第十項まで及び次条第五項から第八項までにおいて同じ。）を選定事業者に貸し付けることができる。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of the paragraph (1) of Article 238-4 of the Local Government Act (Act No. 67 of 1947), a local government may lease, when it finds necessary, to an Appointed Business Operator, an administrative asset (meaning the administrative asset provided in paragraph (3), Article 238-4 of the aforementioned Act, the same shall apply to in the paragraphs next to (10) of this article and (5) to (8) of the next article) to be used in Selected Projects.

• 新地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務につ いては、できる限り新たに設けることのないようにするとともに、新地方自治法別表第一に掲げるもの及び新地方自治法に基づく政令に示すものについては、地 方分権を推進する観点から検討を加え、適宜、適切な見直しを行うものとする。
• With regard to Item I statutorily entrusted affairs as provided in item (i) of paragraph (9) of Article 2 of the New Local Autonomy Act, establishment of new affairs shall be avoided to the greatest possible extent, and the affairs listed in Appended Table 1 of the New Local Autonomy Act and affairs as provided by Cabinet Order based on the New Local Autonomy Act shall be reviewed from the viewpoint of their promotion of decentralization, and shall be revised as appropriate.
• No additional Type 1 statutory entrusted functions as described in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the new Local Autonomy Act shall be newly created to the extent possible, and those listed in Appended Table 1 of said Act and those provided for by the Cabinet Order pursuant to the new Local Autonomy Act shall be examined from the perspective of promoting decentralization and be periodically reviewed as appropriate.
• Item 1 Statutory Entrusted Affairs prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 9, item 1 of the new Local Autonomy Act shall, in addition, be created to the minimum possible extent, and such affairs listed in Appended Table I of the new Local Autonomy Act and those provided for by a Cabinet Order enacted under the new Local Autonomy Act shall be examined from the perspective of promoting decentralization and be reviewed as appropriate.
• The creation of new Item 1 Statutory Entrusted Affairs as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the new Local Autonomy Act shall, be as limited as possible, and such affairs as those listed in Appended Table I of the new Local Autonomy Act and those provided by Cabinet Order enacted under the new Local Autonomy Act shall be examined from the perspective of promoting decentralization and shall be reviewed as appropriate.

• この法律の規定により地方公共団体（都道府県を除く。）の長が行う処分（地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務（次条において「第一号法定受託事務」という。）に係るものに限る。）についての審査請求の裁決に不服がある者は、厚生労働大臣に対して再審査請求をすることができる。
• A person who is dissatisfied with the determination concerning a request for examination on a disposition made by the head of a local public entity (excluding prefectures) pursuant to the provisions of this Act (limited to a disposition pertaining to item 1 legally delegated affairs prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the Local Autonomy Act (referred to as "item 1 legally delegated affairs" in the following Article) may make a request for re-examination to the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare.

• 1420年7月、李氏朝鮮が宗氏に「宗氏 都都雄瓦」という印信を授け、対馬領主としての地位を認たことは失敗であり、その時に李氏朝鮮が対馬の自治権を認めず、役人を派遣して直接支配下に組み込んでいれば、現在の対馬は韓国領になっていたはずだと結論付けた（2006年9月17日聯合ニュース配信）。
• The analysis further concluded that in granting Tsushima's So clan a seal that bore the inscription 'So clan of Yugawara City' in July 1420, Joseon Korea failed to gain recognition for their sovereignty over Tsushima; if at that time Korea had refused to recognize Tsushima's autonomy, and instead sent an official to put Tsushima's government under their direct control, Tsushima would almost certainly be under Korea's territorial control today (as reported in a Rengo news broadcast of September 17, 2006).

• 具体的には、天命を承けた中国皇帝が直接支配する地域（行政区である省が置かれている）間接統治地域（辺境の有力者を土司・土官に任命し、貢ぎ物と引き替えに一定の自治を認める）版図外（「夷狄」のいる地域、皇帝の徳の感化が及ばない土地。所謂「化外の地」）という大きく分けて三つのカテゴリーがある。
• In more details, regions are roughly classified into the following three categories:- Regions which were directly controlled by an emperor of China, who received the will of heaven (Administrative districts called 'sho (Province)' were set up.)- Indirectly controlled area (Influential persons in outlands were appointed to doshi/dokan (local governor) and a certain level of autonomous control was allowed in exchange of tributes.)- Outside of the territory (regions in which 'iteki' lived; land which was not covered by influence of the virtue of the emperor; so-called 'kegainochi (land out of states reign)').

• 前項に定めるもののほか、地方公共団体は、選定事業者が特定建物の全部又は一部を所有しようとする場合において、必要があると認めるときは、地方自治法第二百三十八条の四第一項の規定にかかわらず、行政財産である土地を、その用途又は目的を妨げない限度において、当該選定事業者に貸し付けることができる。
• In addition to the leases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, in the case where an Appointed Business Operator is to own all or part of a Specified Building, a local government may lease, when it finds necessary, to the Appointed Business Operator the land which is administrative assets notwithstanding the provision of the paragraph (1) of Article 238-4 of the Local Government Act to the extent that the lease does not prevent the original usage or purpose of the asset.

• 明治政府が進める富国強兵路線を継承する次世代の政治家を育てる手段として中等以上の財産家を集めて新党を結成して地方自治において主導権を握るとともに、彼らに政治的経験を積ませて中央に進出させ、穏健な保守勢力を形成させることで、過激な自由民権派や国粋主義者の台頭を食い止める構想を打ち明けている。
• He also introduced the concept of collecting the wealthy men above the middle class to establish a new political party having the central power in local districts, make them have seasoned political experience before dispatching to central political district to develop moderate conservative power to prevent the increase of school of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and nationalist as means of providing the politicians of the next generation who will continue the policy of enhancing the wealth and military strength of a country sought by the Meiji government

• 第七条の二、第八条第一項及び第二項（第九条の二第二項において準用する場合を含む。）、第九条第一項から第三項まで、第九条の二第一項並びに第九条の三の規定により都道府県が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• The affairs to be dealt with by each Governor pursuant to the provisions of Article 7-2, Article 8, paragraphs (1) and (2) (including cases where such provisions are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 9-2, paragraph (2)), Article 9, paragraphs (1) through (3), Article 9-2, paragraph (1) and Article 9-3 shall be deemed statutorily entrusted affairs pursuant to Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• 滋賀県や地元自治体は国鉄時代の1986年に沿線市町・商工会で「北陸本線直流化促進期成同盟会」を設立し、北陸線の利便性向上には電化方式の変更が必要と国鉄・JRへの要望活動を進め、さらに1990年5月には、湖西の市町も加わり「琵琶湖環状線促進期成同盟会」を新たに発足させ、JRへの働きかけを進めた。
• In 1986, in the era of the JNR, the Shiga Prefecture and local governments established the 'Alliance for Promoting DC Electrification of the Hokuriku Main Line' at the commerce and industry associations of local cities along the line, and demanded that JNR/JR change the electrification system of the Hokuriku Line for the improvement of convenience; subsequently, in May 1990 the cities of the Kosei area were additionally involved to newly establish the 'Alliance for Promoting the Lake Biwa Loop Line' in order to work on the JR.

• 委員が地方自治法第百八十条の五第六項の規定に該当するときは、 その職を失う。その同項の規定に該当するかどうかは、第八十五条第三項第一号の委員にあつては委員会、同項第二号の委員にあつては都道府県知事が決定す る。この場合において、委員会の決定は、出席委員の三分の二以上の多数によらなければならない。
• In the case where a commission member falls under the provision of paragraph (6), Article 180-5 of the Local Autonomy Act, he/she shall lose employment. Whether or not he/she falls under the provision of the same paragraph shall be decided by the commission if the commission member is of item (i), paragraph (3), Article 85 or by the Governor concerned if the member is of item (ii) of the same paragraph. In this case, the decision of the commission shall be by a majority of not less than two thirds of the attending members.

• また、文部省が京大総長の具状を待たずに分限委員会を開き滝川の休職処分を決定したことは、京大における沢柳事件（1913年 - 1914年）以来、「教授会自治」として認められていた慣行（総長の具状は教授会の同意を必要とするというもの）を無視するものであったうえに帝国大学官制にすら違反する可能性があった。
• The decision for Takigawa's extended leave by the Bungen (change in employment status) board of the Ministry of Education without waiting for an explanation from the President of Kyoto University ignored the tradition of 'Ruling by the Board of Professors' that was established by the Sawayanagi Incident (1913-1914) at Kyoto University (the explanation of the president requires the consent of the board of professors) and may have possibly been against the Imperial University Rules.

• 保育の実施への需要が増大している市町村は、公有財産（地方自治法第二百三十八条第一項に規定する公有財産をいう。）の貸付けその他の必要な措置を積極的に講ずることにより、社会福祉法人その他の多様な事業者の能力を活用した保育所の設置又は運営を促進し、保育の実施に係る供給を効率的かつ計画的に増大させるものとする。
• By positively leasing or lending public property (which shall mean the public property provided in Article 238 paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act) or taking other necessary measures, a municipality facing an increasing demand for the Daycare Practice shall promote establishment or operation of nursery centers by utilizing the abilities of social welfare corporations and other various business operators and shall thereby increase supply pertaining to the Daycare Practice efficiently and systematically.

• 都道府県は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百二十七条の規定に基づき技能検定試験に係る手数料を徴収する場合においては、第四十六条第四項の規定により都道府県協会が行う技能検定試験を受けようとする者に、条例で定めるところにより、当該手数料を当該都道府県協会へ納めさせ、その収入とすることができる。
• A prefecture may, when it collects fees for trade skill tests as prescribed in Article 227 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947), require a person who intends to take a trade skill test carried out by a Prefectural Association under Article 46, paragraph (4) to pay said fee to the Prefectural Association and include said fee in its income, as specified by a prefectural ordinance.

• 前項の収入並びに同項において準用する地方自治法第二百三十一条の三第二項の規定による手数料及び延滞金は、国税及び地方税に次いで先取特権を有し、その時効については地方税法（昭和二十五年法律第二百二十六号）第十八条から第十八条の三までの規定を、その取扱については同法第十七条から第十七条の四までの規定を準用する。
• The income set forth in the preceding paragraph and the charges and arrears set forth in the provisions of Article 231-3 paragraph (2) of the Local Autonomy Act which apply mutatis mutandis to the preceding paragraph shall hold prior rights next to the national taxes and local taxes and the provisions of Articles 18 through 18-3 of the Local Tax Act (Act No. 226 of 1950) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the prescription thereof and the provisions of Article 17 through 17-4 of the same Act to the handling thereof.

• これは当時の町・村が高い自治意識を持って外部からの干渉を極力排除しようとした表れであったが、その一方で共同体の自治機能に基づく「内済」による解決の論理は、封建権力から見れば民衆間の揉め事は共同体内部で解決すべき問題であると捉え、支配者（公儀）は民衆に対する「恩恵」として訴願の権利を与える存在に過ぎなかった。
• This shows that towns and villages of the times had a strong sense of autonomy enough to eliminate interference of outside as much as possible, on the other hand, in the logic of the settlement out of court based on the autonomous function of community, feudal authories considered the conflict between people was supposed to be settled in the community, and that governors (kogi) were only taking a position that could give a right of appeal to people as a 'benefit'.

• 都道府県は、地方自治法　（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百二十七条　の規定に基づき保育士試験に係る手数料を徴収する場合においては、第一項の規定により指定試験機関が行う保育士試験を受けようとする者に、条例で定めるところにより、当該手数料の全部又は一部を当該指定試験機関へ納めさせ、その収入とすることができる。
• In the case where the fees pertaining to nursery teacher examinations are collected pursuant to Article 227 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947), the prefectural government may, pursuant to the provisions of a Prefectural Ordinance, require that a person who desires to take a nursery teacher examination held by a Designated Examining Body pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) to pay the whole or part of said fees to the said Designated Examining Body and account for the fees so collected as the prefecture's income.

• 市町村長（特別区及び地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市においては、区長とする。）は、行政庁又は保険給付を受けようとする者に対して、当該市（特別区を含む。）町村の条例で定めるところにより、保険給付を受けようとする者又は遺族の戸籍に関し、無料で証明を行なうことができる。
• The mayor of a municipality (with regard to special wards and designated cities set forth in Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947), the head of a ward) may, pursuant to the provisions of a municipal ordinance of said municipality (including a special ward), issue a certificate in respect of the family register of a person or surviving family member seeking to receive insurance benefits, to the administrative agency concerned or the person seeking to receive insurance benefits, free of charge.

• 都道府県・市町村指定の有形文化財については「東京都指定有形文化財」のように「有形文化財」と呼称するケースが多いが、同様の文化財を青森県では「青森県重宝」、長野県では「長野県宝」、鳥取県では「鳥取県指定保護文化財」と呼称するなど一定しておらず、どのように呼称するかは各自治体の文化財保護条例で個々に規定している。
• Regarding the prefectural or municipally designated tangible cultural properties, many cases are classified as and named with the suffix 'tangible cultural properties,' such as 'Tokyo municipally designated tangible cultural properties,' but the same kinds of cultural properties may be classified as 'Aomori prefectural treasures' in Aomori Prefecture, 'Nagano prefectural treasures' in Nagano Prefecture or 'Tottori prefectural designated cultural properties' in Tottori Prefecture; however, there is no preset rule, so each prefecture or municipality may individually name them in accordance with its ordinances for the protection of cultural properties.

• 第三百七十五条の規定による改正後の労働省設置法の規定による都道府県労働局（以下「都道府県労働局」という。）であって、この法律の施行の際第三百七十五条の規定による改正前の労働省設置法の規定による都道府県労働基準局の位置と同一の位置に設けられているものについては、新地方自治法第百五十六条第四項の規定は、適用しない。
• The provision of Article 156, paragraph (4) of the New Local Autonomy Act shall not apply to the Prefectural Labor Bureau provided for in the Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Labour as revised by the provision of Article 375 (hereinafter referred to as the "Prefectural Labor Bureau") which has been given the status equivalent to the Prefectural Labor Standards Bureau provided for in the Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Labour prior to revision by the provision of Article 375 at the time of enforcement of this Act.

• 荘園制の崩壊や統一政権の樹立によって寺院の自治機能が解体され、集会も近世期には寺院内の評議機関の1つに過ぎなくなるが、こうした寺院における集会と中世・近世における合議制による意思決定機能を有した「○○衆」と呼ばれる組織や惣村や都市などに見られる自治など、前近代の日本における自治制度の成立と結びつける考え方もある。
• The demise of the shoen system (manorialism) and the establishment of a unified authority collapsed the autonomy function of the temples and during the early-modern times shue became just a council institution in the temples, but the autonomy as seen in the shue in such temples, in the organization called 'XXX shu' which had the decision making function by the council system, in the soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) and in the city during the medieval and the modern period, which, some thought, were linked with the formation of the system of autonomy during the early-modern times in Japan.

• 更に前述のように共同体の自治に基づく内済・相対による解決を良しとする伝統的な思想があり、民衆が訴えを起こす際には原告による訴状に名主の奥印が押されていること、他領にまたがる訴訟の場合には領主による添状（大名）・添簡（旗本）の添付がない場合には書類不備を理由に却下されるなど、訴状を受理されるまでに壁が存在していた。
• In addition, as mentioned above, there was a traditional tought that encouraged settlement out of court or without arbitrator, so when people sued, they needed to get through a lot of obstacles before petition was received, such as having nanushi put signature on plaintiff's petition, and in case of suit involving another territory, also attachment of an accompanying letter (daimyo) and another letter called tenkan (hatamoto) from feudal lord, and if documents had deficiency, the suit was turned down.

• 関係地方公共団体は、港務局を設立しない港湾について、単独で港湾管理者となり、又は港湾管理者として地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百八十四条第二項若しくは第三項の地方公共団体を設立することができる。港務局の設立されている港湾において、当該港務局が定款の定めるところにより解散しようとする場合も同様である。
• For a port where no port authority has been established, the relevant local government may become a Port Management Body by itself or establish a local public entity set forth in paragraph (2) or (3) of Article 284 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) as the Port Management Body. The same shall apply when a port authority is to be dissolved pursuant to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation in the port.

• 前二条の規定は、前項の場合に準用する。この場合において、第五十三条後段中「港湾管理者」とあるのは「港湾管理者としての地方公共団体（当該地方公共団体が地方自治法第二百八十四条第二項又は第三項の地方公共団体である場合には当該地方公共団体を組織する地方公共団体）又は港務局を組織する地方公共団体」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of the preceding two Articles shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case set forth in the preceding paragraph. In this case, 'Port Management Body' in the last sentence of Article 53 shall read 'the local government acting as the Port Management Body (in the case when the said local government is the local public entity specified in Article 284 paragraph (2) or (3) of the Local Autonomy Act, the local government which organizes the said local public entity) or the local government establishing a port authority'.

• このほか、ロシア共和国国鉄はサハリン自治区において、日本戦時賠償の一環としてソビエト連邦に輸出されたD51形を動態復元し復活運転したことがある（ほとんど放置されていた状態からの復元の上、原型の図面を入手できたわけでもないので、ボイラ正面などは完全にソ連型にされてしまっていたが、キャブや下回りには面影を残していた）。
• In addition, the Russian Republic Railway had, in the Sakhalin autonomous region, reproduced in a dynamic state the D51 exported to the Soviet Union as part of Japanese war reparations, and had its revival operation (because of the reproduction from an almost neglected condition and a lack of the original drawing, the front of the boiler was revised in a complete Russian style, but there were some vestiges left in the carburetor and some other parts).

• 指定都市等及び地方自治法第二百五十二条の十七の二第一項の規定に基づきこの節の規定により都道府県知事の権限に属する事務の全部を処理することとされた市町村（以下この節において「事務処理市町村」という。）以外の市町村は、前三項の規定により条例を定めようとするときは、あらかじめ、都道府県知事と協議し、その同意を得なければならない。
• If designated cities, etc. and municipalities other than those that are specified pursuant to the provision of Article 252-17-2 paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act to handle all the affairs belonging to the authority of prefectural governors pursuant to the provisions of this Section (hereinafter referred to as 'administrative processing municipalities' in this Section) intend to establish ordinances pursuant to the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs, they shall consult with and obtain the consent of the prefectural governors in advance.

• 第二十二条第二項から第五項まで、第二十三条第二項から第五項まで（同条第六項においてこれらの規定を準用する場合を含む。）及び第七項並びに第二十六条の三の規定により都道府県、保健所を設置する市又は特別区が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• The functions to be handled by a prefecture, city or special ward that has a public health center pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph 2 through Paragraph 5 of Article 22, Paragraph 2 through Paragraph 5 of Article 23 (including cases where provisions in Paragraph 6 of Article 23 apply), and Paragraph 7 of Article 23, and Article 26-3 shall be statutory delegated functions of Item 1 specified by Article 2-9(1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• 市町村長（特別区及び地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市においては、区長とする。）は、行政庁又は求職者給付又は就職促進給付の支給を受ける者に対して、当該市（特別区を含む。）町村の条例の定めるところにより、求職者給付又は就職促進給付の支給を受ける者の戸籍に関し、無料で証明を行うことができる。
• The head of a municipality (the head of a ward in a special ward and designated cities referred to in paragraph (1) of Article 252-19 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947)), may, pursuant to the provisions of an ordinance of said municipality (including a special ward), issue a certificate concerning the family register of a person who receives payment of the job applicant benefits or employment promotion benefits to the administrative agency or to the person who receives payment of the job applicant benefits or employment promotion benefits, free of charge.

• 国の機関相互間の関係について定める命令等並びに地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二編第十一章に規定する国と普通地方公共団体との関係及び普通地方公共団体相互間の関係その他の国と地方公共団体との関係及び地方公共団体相互間の関係について定める命令等（第一項の規定によりこの法律の規定を適用しないこととされる処分に係る命令等を含む。）
• Administrative Orders, etc. to provide for the relationship between State organs, and Administrative Orders, etc. to provide the relationship between the national government and Ordinary Local Public entities, or between Ordinary Local Public entities as provided for in Part II, Chapter XI of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947), and other relationships between the national government and Local Public entities, or between Local Public entities (including the Administrative Orders, etc. concerning the Dispositions which the provisions of this Act do not apply to pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 of this Article)

• 都道府県又は指定都市等は、第五十六条及び第五十七条の規定による土地の買取りを行うほか、都市計画施設の区域又は市街地開発事業の施行区域内の土地、都市開発資金の貸付けに関する法律（昭和四十一年法律第二十号）第一条第一項各号に掲げる土地その他政令で定める土地の買取りを行うため、地方自治法第二百四十一条の基金として、土地基金を設けることができる。
• For purchasing land pursuant to the provisions of Article 56 and 57, and for purchasing land in the areas of city planning facilities and in the work execution areas of urban area development projects, land listed in the items of Article 1 paragraph (1) of the Act Concerning Lending of Urban Development Funds (Act No. 20 of 1966) and other land specified by Cabinet Order, prefectures or designated cities etc. may establish Land Funds as the funds pursuant to Article 241 of the Local Autonomy Act.

• 成人式での七五三現象とは、式に出席する若者が、外面的には着物で豪華に着飾っていても、会場では久し振りに会った友人との談笑などに熱中する余り、主催する自治体首長などの式辞・講演に関心を示さず式典が騒がしくなり、その結果、本来一人前の大人としての決意をすべき場である成人式が、かえって若者のモラル低下を露見させる場となってしまう現象のことを言う。
• A phenomenon of Shichi-go-san (celebration for children of three, five and seven years of age) at the Seijin-shiki ceremony means the phoenomenon that, even though dressing gorgeously externally, young people participating in the ceremony were caught up in talking with friends whom they had not seen for a long time, did not show interest in the speeches or lectures by the head of the autonomy body holding the ceremony, and they became noisy during the ceremony, and as a result, the Seijin-shiki ceremony which was originally where they are to make up their minds as independent adults has turned into an opportunity to expose the moral degeneration of young people.

• 委任都道府県知事は、地方自治法第二百二十七条の規定に基づき試験問題作成事務に係る手数料を徴収する場合においては、第六十九条の十一第一項の規定により登録試験問題作成機関が行う試験問題作成事務に係る介護支援専門員実務研修受講試験を受けようとする者に、条例で定めるところにより、当該手数料を当該登録試験問題作成機関に納めさせ、その収入とすることができる。
• An Entrusting Prefectural Governor, in a case when collecting a fee pertaining to Examination Question Prepara.ion Affairs based on the provisions of Article 227 of the Local Autonomy Act, may direct a person that intends to undertake an Examination for Long-Term Care Support Specialist pertaining to Examination Question Prepara.ion Affairs provided by an Organization that Prepares Registration Examination Questions pursuant to the provisions of Article 69-11, paragraph (1) and pursuant to the provisions of a prefectural ordinance, to pay said fee to said Organization that Prepares Registration Examination Questions as income.

• 一方、自治体としての東京都が公式に用いている「東京都」の英称は ' Tokyo Metropolis' （metropolisは首都･首府･大都市、あるいは主要都市･中心市）で、都知事は 'Governor'（知事）として国際会議に出席するなど、東京都という1つの自治体で都市の扱いになっており、対外的に23区と多摩地域や島嶼部を分離する意味はない。
• On the other hand, the common name that Tokyo officially uses, is 'Tokyo Metropolis' (note, metropolis means capital, metropolis, big city or main city, central city), and the Governor of Tokyo attends the international conferences as 'Governor,' so Tokyo is treated as a single autonomous body and there is no meaning to separate the Tama area and islands area from the 23 boroughs.

• 前二項に定めるもののほか、地方公共団体は、前項の規定により行政財産である土地の貸付けを受けた者が特定民間施設を選定事業の終了の後においても引き続き所有しようとする場合において、必要があると認めるときは、地方自治法第二百三十八条の四第一項の規定にかかわらず、当該行政財産である土地を、その用途又は目的を妨げない限度において、その者に貸し付けることができる。
• In addition to the leases prescribed in the preceding two paragraphs, in the case where an Appointed Business Operator who has leased land which is an administrative asset in accordance with the provision of the preceding paragraph is to continue to own the Specified Building after the termination of the Selected Project, a local government may, when it finds necessary, continue to lease the said land which is an administrative asset to the operator notwithstanding the provision of the paragraph (1) of Article 238-4 of the Local Government Act, to the extent that the lease does not prevent the original usage or purpose of the asset.

• 基本計画は、国土形成計画その他法律の規定による地域振興に関する計画及び道路、河川、鉄道、港湾、空港等の施設に関する国又は都道府県の計画並びに都市計画及び都市計画法（昭和四十三年法律第百号）第十八条の二の市町村の都市計画に関する基本的な方針との調和が保たれ、かつ、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二条第四項の基本構想に即したものでなければならない。
• The basic plan shall harmonize with the basic policy concerning National Spatial Strategies and other plans for regional promotion under the provisions of acts, national or prefectural plans and city plans concerning facilities such as roads, rivers, railways, ports, and airports, and municipal city plans set forth in Article 18-2 of the City Planning Act (Act No. 100 of 1968), and comply with the basic concept set forth in Article 2, paragraph (4) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).

• 前項に定めるもののほか、地方公共団体は、同項の規定により行政財産の貸付けを受けた者が特定民間事業に係る特定施設を選定事業の終了の後においても引き続き所有し、又は利用しようとする場合において、必要があると認めるときは、地方自治法第二百三十八条の四第一項の規定にかかわらず、当該行政財産を、その用途又は目的を妨げない限度において、その者に貸し付けることができる。
• In addition to the leases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, in the case where a person who has leased an administrative asset pursuant to preceding paragraph is to own or utilize the relevant Specified Facility used for the Specified Private Project after the termination of the relevant Selected Project, the local government may, when it finds necessary, lease the said administrative asset to the person, notwithstanding the provision of the paragraph (1) of Article 238-4 of the Local Government Act to the extent that the lease does not prevent the original usage or purpose of the asset.

• 第四十条第二項（第四十二条第三項、第四十五条第二項及び第百 条において準用する場合を含む。）、第九十一条第二項及び第三項並びに第百二十七条第二項から第四項までの規定により都道府県が処理することとされている 事務（同条第二項から第四項までに規定するものにあっては、政令で定めるものに限る。）は、地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務と する。
• The affairs to be handled by prefectures pursuant to the provision of Article 40, paragraph 2 (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 42, paragraph 3, Article 45, paragraph 2 and Article 100), Article 91, paragraphs 2 and 3 and Articles 127, paragraphs 2 through 4 shall be fall under the statutory entrusted functions prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 9, item 1 of the Local Government Act.

• 政治面においては選挙や言論・集会・結社の自由に関しての運動、外交面においては生活に困窮した国民への負担が大きい海外派兵の停止を求めた運動、社会面においては男女平等、部落差別解放運動、団結権、ストライキ権などの獲得運動、文化面においては自由教育の獲得、大学の自治権獲得運動、美術団体の文部省支配からの独立など、様々な方面から様々な自主的集団による運動が展開された。
• There was a wide range of movements organized by a variety of groups organized voluntarily in various areas of society, such as political movements calling for elections and for freedom of speech, assembly and association, the drive in the area of foreign policy opposing dispatch of troops to other countries that imposed a huge burden on citizens in poverty, movement in society demanding gender equality, liberation and non-discrimination of 'buraku' people, and winning rights of association and labor strikes, and in the cultural sphere movements calling for free education, self-autonomy of universities and independence of art associations from the rule of the Ministry of Education.

• 都道府県は、地 方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百二十七条の規定に基づき製造保安責任者試験又は販売主任者試験に係る手数料を徴収する場合においては、第三 十一条の二第一項の規定により協会又は指定試験機関が行う製造保安責任者試験又は販売主任者試験を受けようとする者に、条例で定めるところにより、当該手 数料を協会又は当該指定試験機関へ納めさせ、その収入とすることができる。
• When collecting fees payable for Production Safety Management Examination or Sales Safety Chief Examination in accordance with the provision of Article 227 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947), prefectures may make applicants for Production Safety Management Examination or Sales Safety Chief Examination to be conducted by the Institute or a Designated Examining Body pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 31-2 pay such fees to the Institute or such Designated Examining Body as prescribed by a Prefectural Ordinance and the Institute or such Agency may receive such fees paid as their incomes.

• 地方公共団体は、この法律に基づき整備される公共施設等の管理について、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百四十四条の二第三項の規定を適用する場合においては、同条第四項から第六項までに規定する事項について、選定事業の円滑な実施が促進されるよう適切な配慮をするとともに、同条第十一項の規定に該当する場合における選定事業の取扱いについて、あらかじめ明らかにするよう努めるものとする。
• A local government shall, in the case where the provision of paragraph (3) of Article 244-2 of the Local Government Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) applies to administration of Public Facility etc. provided pursuant to this Act, consider matters provided in the paragraphs (4) to (6) inclusive of the article in order to promote the smooth implementation of the Qualified Project, and also shall endeavor to clarify in advance how to treat the Qualified Project in the case where paragraph (11) of the article applies.

• 第一項の協議会で地方公共団体である港湾管理者が加入するものについては、地方自治法第二百五十二条の二第二項及び第六項、第二百五十二条の三、第二百五十二条の四第一項並びに第二百五十二条の六（同法第二百五十二条の二第二項に係る部分に限る。）の規定の適用があるものとする。この場合において、当該協議会に港務局が加入するときは、当該港務局は、これらの規定の適用については普通地方公共団体とみなす。
• When a Port Management Body which is concurrently a local public government joins a joint committee set forth in paragraph (1), the provisions of Article 252-2 paragraph (2) and (6), Article 252-3, Article 252-4 paragraph (1) and Article 252-6 (limited to the provisions related to Article 252-2 paragraph (2)) of the Local Autonomy Act shall be applied. In this case, a port authority participating in the said joint committee shall be regarded as an ordinary local public government insofar as the application of these provisions are concerned.

• 都道府県等（都道府県及び指定都市、地方自治法第二百五十二条の二十二第一項の中核市（以下「中核市」という。）その他政令で定める市（特別区を含む。以下同じ。）をいう。以下同じ。）は、犬又はねこの引取りをその所有者から求められたときは、これを引き取らなければならない。この場合において、都道府県知事等（都道府県等の長をいう。以下同じ。）は、その犬又はねこを引き取るべき場所を指定することができる。
• Prefectures, etc. (which means prefectures, designated cities, core cities set forth in Article 252-22(1) of the Local Autonomy Act [hereinafter referred to as 'core cities'] and other cities specified by a Cabinet Order [including special wards; the same shall apply hereinafter]) shall take custody of a dog or cat when so requested by its owner. In this case, the prefectural governor, etc. (which means the heads of the prefecture, etc.; the same shall apply hereinafter) may designate the place where the dog or cat is to be taken into custody.

• 国土交通大臣は、前項の規定により全国計画の案を作成しようとするときは、あらかじめ、国土交通省令で定めるところにより、国民の意見を反映させるために必要な措置を講ずるとともに、環境大臣その他関係行政機関の長に協議し、都道府県及び指定都市（地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市をいう。以下同じ。）の意見を聴き、並びに国土審議会の調査審議を経なければならない。
• When intending to make a draft of the National Plan pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism shall, in advance, take necessary measures to reflect the opinions of the public pursuant to the provision of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, as well as confer with the Minister of Environment and the heads of other relevant administrative organs, hear the opinions of prefectures and designated cities (referring to the ordinance-designated cities set forth in the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947), Article 252-19, paragraph 1; the same shall apply hereinafter), and pass through the study and deliberation of the National Land Council.

• 都道府県知事又は地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十 二条の十九第一項の指定都市（以下「指定都市」という。）の長は、河川法（昭和三十九年法律第百六十七号）第二十三条、第二十四条、第二十六条第一項又は 第二十九条第二項の許可の申請があつた場合において、その申請が発電水力の利用のためのものであるときは、意見を付して経済産業大臣に報告し、経済産業大 臣の意見を求めなければならない。
• Where an application has been filed for license or permission under Article 23, Article 24, Article 26, paragraph 1, or Article 29, paragraph 2 of the River Act (Act No. 167 of 1964) for the purpose of using hydraulic power for electricity generation, a prefectural governor or the head of a designated city under Article 252-19, paragraph 1 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) (such city shall hereinafter be referred to as a 'Designated City') shall report to the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry to that effect, with his/her opinion attached thereto, and request the opinions of the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry.

• 江戸時代を通じて、基本的に酒はその造り方、流通、販売に至るまで商人がプロデュースするものであったが、上記のような理由から藩という地方自治体が酒造りを立案し、伊丹酒や灘五郷や奈良流など当時の酒造先進地域より酒師（さかし - 杜氏とほぼ同義）や麹師（こうじし）といった技術者を少なからぬ藩費で招聘し、土地の大商人に醸造設備などを整備させて始めた地酒のことを、後世から便宜上藩造酒（はんぞうしゅ）と呼ぶ。
• While sake was basically produced by the merchants throughout the Edo period in all fields of brewing methods, distribution and sales, local governments or domains, due to the above reasons, started to brew Jizake (local sake) called, in later ages for convenience, Hanzoshu (sake brewed by the domains) by preparing brewing plans, inviting at no small expenses of the domain's technical experts such as Sakashi (sake brewer) (almost the same meaning as Toji [sake brewer]) and Kojishi (a person in charge of the koji-manufacturing) from the advanced regions in sake brewing like Itami sake, Nada gogo (five districts in Nada), Nara style sake and so on and making local wealthy merchants maintain brewing facilities.

• ポーランド史最大のロコシュは、1648年から1657年にかけて、当時はポーランド王国領であったウクライナで、ポーランド国会（セイム）のコサック（首都ワルシャワの中央政府に登録されたコサックはポーランド・リトアニア同君連合における正式な地方貴族だった）冷遇政策に反発したコサックたちが自治権などコサックの権利拡大を求めてポーランド国王の錦の御旗を立てて起こしたフメリヌィーツィクィイの乱であると言える。
• But the biggest rokosz in the Polish history is the Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine, the territory of the Kingdom of Poland at the time, which continued from 1648 until 1657 and in which Cossacks (whose registration in the central government in Warsaw, the capital, officially made them local nobles in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) in the parliament (Sejm) who objected to the discriminatory policies on them raised a rebellion with the banner of the King raised, appealing for furthering of their rights including autonomy.

• 第二十条第二項（都道府県から送付を受けた図書の写しを公衆の縦覧に供する事務に係る部分に限り、第二十一条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）及び第六十二条第二項（都道府県知事から送付を受けた図書の写しを公衆の縦覧に供する事務に係る部分に限り、第六十三条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により市町村が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法第二条第九項第二号に規定する第二号法定受託事務とする。
• Clerical works to be handled by municipalities pursuant to the provision of Article 20 paragraph (2) (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 21 paragraph (2) pertaining only to clerical works to make copies of drawing and documents sent by prefectures available for public inspection) and Article 62 paragraph (2) (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 63 paragraph (2) pertaining only to clerical works to make copies of drawing and documents sent by prefectural governors available for public inspection) shall be regarded as Type 2 statutory entrusted functions prescribed in Article 2 paragraph (9) item (ii) of the Local Autonomy Act.

• そして民間でも自治としての政が江戸時代から一層顕著に認められ｛江戸時代以降の都心では町場（町奉行管轄）と庭場（寺社奉行管轄）と野帳場（検地がされていない管轄未定地や郊外）に区分され、庶民と町人が協力して自治を行った｝、祭りとして神や御霊や自然を祀り、その社会的行為は「七夕祭り」や「恵比寿講」として現在にも行われ、神社神道の儀式とは離れた民衆の神事として定着し、昔と同様に普請としての地域振興を担っている。
• And their method, in which even commoners practiced self government, received recognition, and indeed it became all the more striking starting in the Edo period (beginning in that period, large cities were divided into machiba (towns, under the jurisdiction of town magistrates), niwaba (jisha-bugyo, under the jurisdiction of (government-appointed) temples and shrine administrators), and nochoba (unsurveyed areas or suburbs of unfixed jurisdiction), and so commoners and townspeople cooperated to achieve self-government); the people used festivals to enshrine gods, spirits, and elements of nature itself, including such festivals as Tanabata (the Festival of the Weaver, celebrated July 7) and the Feast for Ebisu, both of which are still celebrated today, eventually becoming established as popular versions of Shinto rituals quite separate in form from Shrine Shinto rituals, but in any case, shrines continue to contribute to local development, even as they did in the past.

• 市町村長（特別区及び地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項に規定する指定都市においては、区長とする。）は、厚生労働大臣、機構又は救済給付若しくは特別遺族給付金の支給を受けようとする者に対して、当該市（特別区を含む。）町村の条例で定めるところにより、救済給付若しくは特別遺族給付金の支給を受けようとする者又はこれらの者以外の死亡労働者等の遺族の戸籍に関し、無料で証明を行うことができる。
• Each mayor of a municipality (each director general of any special ward or any designated city prescribed in Paragraph 1, Article 252-19 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947)) may certify free of charge the family register of any person who is going to receive the payment of the relief benefits or the special survivor benefit or any survivor of a deceased worker, etc. other than the said person, as prescribed in the municipal ordinance of the concerned municipality (including special ward), for the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Agency or the person who is going to receive the payment of the relief benefits or the special survivor benefit.

• この法律の規定により都道府県又は都道府県知事が処理することとされている事務は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市（以下この条において「指定都市」という。）においては、指定都市又は指定都市の長が処理するものとする。この場合においては、この法律中都道府県又は都道府県知事に関する規定は、指定都市又は指定都市の長に関する規定として指定都市又は指定都市の長に適用があるものとする。
• In a Designated City set forth in Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) (hereinafter referred to as a 'Designated City' in this Article), affairs to be handled by a prefecture or the prefectural governor pursuant to the provisions of this Act shall be handled by the Designated City or the head of the Designated City. In this case, the provisions concerning prefectures or prefectural governors in this Act shall apply to Designated Cities or the head of Designated Cities as the provisions concerning Designated Cities or the head of Designated Cities.

• 原子力災害対策本部に、緊急事態応急対策実施区域（第十五条第二項第一号に掲げる区域（第二十条第五項の規定により当該区域が変更された場合にあっては、当該変更後の区域）をいう。以下同じ。）において当該原子力災害対策本部長の定めるところにより当該原子力災害対策本部の事務の一部を行う組織として、原子力災害現地対策本部を置く。この場合においては、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第百五十六条第四項の規定は、適用しない。
• Local nuclear emergency response headquarters shall be established within the nuclear emergency response headquarters as an organization which conducts part of the affairs of said nuclear emergency response headquarters in the emergency response measures implementation area (which means the area listed in Article 15, paragraph 2, item (i) (in the case where said area has been changed pursuant to the provisions of Article 20, paragraph 5, the area after said change); the same shall apply hereinafter) as specified by the director-general of said nuclear emergency response headquarters. In this case, the provisions of Article 156, paragraph 4 of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) shall not apply.

• この法律は、平成十二年四月一日から施行する。ただし、第一条中地方自治法別表第一から別表第四までの改正規定（別表第一中第八号の二を削り、第八号の三を第八号の二とし、第八号の四及び第九号の三を削り、第九号の四を第九号の三とし、第九号の五を第九号の四とする改正規定、同表第二十号の五の改正規定、別表第二第二号（十の三）の改正規定並びに別表第三第二号の改正規定を除く。）並びに附則第七条及び第九条の規定は、公布の日から施行する。
• This Act shall come into force as of April 1, 2000; provided, however, that in Article 1, the provisions revising appended tables 1 to 4 inclusive of the Local Autonomy Act (excluding the revision provisions deleting item 8-2 in appended table 1, changing item 8-3 into item 8-2, deleting item 8-4 and item 9-3, changing item 9-4 into item 9-3, and changing item 9-5 into item 9-4, the provisions revising item 20-5 of the same table, the provisions revising item 2 (10-3) of appended table 2, and the provisions revising item 2 of appended table 3), and the provisions of Articles 7 and 9 of the Supplementary Provisions shall come into force as of the day of promulgation.

• 「寺社などの神託」とは具体的には寺社普請といい、現在でも残っているが、特に明治以前の人々の暮らしは政（まつりごとが自治権として地域で認められていた）の中心として寺や神社があり、定期的な修繕や社会基盤としての拡張や一新を図るに当たり莫大な費用が必要であり、その一環として寄付を直接募るよりは、祭りを開催し的屋を招き地域住民に参加してもらい、非日常（ハレ）を演出する事で的屋から場所代として売り上げの一部を普請の資金とした。
• The signs of temples or shrines' was basically jisha fushin and still exists today, but in pre-Meiji Period society (1868 - 1912) local government was fairly autonomous, revolving around temples and shrines and since regular repairs, improving infrastructure and planning renovations needed large amounts of money, the funds were raised not through donations, but by holding festivals, inviting tekiya and getting the locals to participate to create an atmosphere of extraordinary (hare) and making tekiya contribute part of their profit as rent.

• しかし、日本では新たに植林をする場所がほとんどない上、むしろ森林所有者の管理放棄（特に人工林）や、相続税支払いのために売却・宅地転用 を余儀なくされる山林や農地の増加、さらに生産緑地地区農地課税の扱いが異なる自治体を施行したり、保安林維持予算の縮減・林野庁職員の大幅減員を行うなど政府与党の政策はむしろ逆行しているため、このままでは当初見込まれた吸収量を達する可能性が薄いと考えられており、達成できるかどうかは微妙な情勢である。
• However in Japan, there is little land for newly tree planting, and the mountain forests and farmlands increase, in which management has been abandoned by the forest owners (especially artificial forests) and/or disposition or diversion to building lots has been inevitably done in order to complete the inheritance tax payment; furthermore, the policies of the ruling party put a clock back, such as the enforcement of autonomous bodies where the taxations on productive green area farmlands are differently dealt with, the reduction of budget for keeping conservation forests, the large reduction of the staff in Forestry Agency and so on; therefore, it is considered to be difficult to achieve the absorption target initially expected.

• 開発許可を受けた開発行為又は開発行為に関する工事により設置された公共施設の用に供する土地は、前項に規定するもの及び開発許可を受けた者が自ら管理するものを除き、第三十六条第三項の公告の日の翌日において、前条の規定により当該公共施設を管理すべき者（その者が地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務（以下単に「第一号法定受託事務」という。）として当該公共施設を管理する地方公共団体であるときは、国）に帰属するものとする。
• The land used for public facilities established as a result of development activities or the development activities-related construction for which the development permission is granted, excluding the land provided for in the preceding paragraph and the land administered by the persons who have obtained the development permission, shall, as of the day following the day of the public notice provided by Article 36 paragraph (3) belong to the persons who are to administer the relevant public facilities pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article (if that person is a local governments administering the relevant public facilities as Type 1 statutory entrusted functions as prescribed in Article 2 paragraph (9) item (i) of the Local Autonomy Act (hereinafter simply referred to as 'Type 1 statutory entrusted functions'), then the State).

• 都道府県又は特定市町 村は、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百二十七条の規定に基づき定期検査又は計量証明検査に係る手数料を徴収する場合においては、第二十条 第一項の規定により指定定期検査機関が行う定期検査又は第百十七条第一項の規定により指定計量証明検査機関が行う計量証明検査を受けようとする者に、条例 で定めるところにより、当該手数料を当該指定定期検査機関又は指定計量証明検査機関へ納めさせ、その収入とすることができる。
• The prefecture or the specified municipality may, when it collects fees pertaining to a periodic inspection or measurement certification inspection pursuant to the provisions of Article 227 of the Local Government Act (Act No. 67 of 1947), cause a person who intends to receive a periodic inspection performed by a designated periodic inspection body pursuant to the provisions of Article 20, paragraph 1 or a measurement certification inspection performed by a designated measurement certification inspection organization pursuant to the provisions of Article 117, paragraph 1, pursuant to the provision of the Prefectural or Municipal Ordinances, to pay said fees to said designated periodic inspection body or measurement certification inspection organization, and treat such fees as the revenue of the prefecture or the specified municipality.

• 前三項に定めるもののほか、地方公共団体は、第七項の規定により行政財産である土地の貸付けを受けた選定事業者が特定民間施設を譲渡しようとする場合において、必要があると認めるときは、地方自治法第二百三十八条の四第一項の規定にかかわらず、当該行政財産である土地を、その用途又は目的を妨げない限度において、当該特定民間施設を譲り受けようとする者（当該公共施設等の管理者等が当該公共施設等の管理に関し適当と認める者に限る。）に貸し付けることができる。
• In addition to the leases prescribed in preceding three paragraphs, in the case where an Appointed Business Operator who has leased land which is administrative asset pursuant to the paragraph (7) of this article is to transfer the Specified Private Facility, the local government may, when it finds necessary, lease the land which is an administrative asset to the person who is to acquire the Specified Private Facility (provided that the person is recognized by Administrator of Public Facility etc. to be appropriate for administration of the Public Facility etc.) notwithstanding the provision of the paragraph (1) of Article 238-4 of the Local Government Act, to the extent that the lease does not prevent the original usage or purpose of the asset.

• 総務大臣は、第十二条第一項及び第二項の規定による評価の目的を達成するために必要な最小限度において、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務に該当する地方公共団体の業務（行政機関の業務と一体として把握される必要があるものに限り、前項第四号に掲げる業務に該当するものを除く。）について、書面により又は実地に調査することができる。この場合においては、あらかじめ、関係する地方公共団体の意見を聴くものとする。
• The Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications may investigate through inspecting documents or making on-the-spot inspection of operations of local public entities, provided that such operations fall within No.1 legal entrusted operations prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 9, item (i) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) (limited to those which are required to be studied as an integral part of investigation of the operation of an Administrative Organ and excluding those listed in item (iv) of the preceding paragraph), to the minimum extent necessary for the attainment of objectives of the evaluation pursuant to the provisions of Article 12, paragraphs 1 and 2. In this case, the Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications shall ask in advance the opinions of the local public entities concerned.

• この法律中都道府県が処理することとされている事務で政令で定めるものは、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市（以下「指定都市」という。）及び同法第二百五十二条の二十二第一項の中核市（以下「中核市」という。）においては、政令の定めるところにより、指定都市又は中核市（以下「指定都市等」という。）が処理するものとする。この場合においては、この法律中都道府県に関する規定は、指定都市等に関する規定として指定都市等に適用があるものとする。
• In the case of a designated city under Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) (hereinafter referred to as a "designated city") or a core city under Article 252-22, paragraph (1) of the same Act (hereinafter referred to as a "core city"), the affairs that are to be processed by a prefecture under this Act and which are specified by a Cabinet Order shall be processed by the designated city or core city (hereinafter referred to as the "designated city, etc."), pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Order. In this case, the provisions concerning a prefecture under this Act shall be deemed to apply to a designated city, etc. as provisions concerning a designated city, etc.

• 都市計画区域又は準都市計画区域内において開発行為をしようとする者は、あらかじめ、国土交通省令で定めるところにより、都道府県知事（地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市、同法第二百五十二条の二十二第一項の中核市又は同法第二百五十二条の二十六の三第一項の特例市（以下「指定都市等」という。）の区域内にあつては、当該指定都市等の長。以下この節において同じ。）の許可を受けなければならない。ただし、次に掲げる開発行為については、この限りでない。
• Persons who intend to perform development activities in city planning areas or quasi city planning areas shall obtain permission in advance from the prefectural governors concerned (in areas within designated cities provided by Article 252-19 paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947), core cities provided by Article 252-22 paragraph (1) of the same Act, and special ordinance cities provided by Article 252-26-3 paragraph (1) of the same Act (hereinafter referred to as 'designated cities, etc.'), the heads of the relevant designated cities; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Section) pursuant to the provision of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. However, this shall not apply to the development activities indicated below:

• 会場となった3大学は京都大学・同志社大学・立命館大学（当時の校地は鴨川 (淀川水系)西岸の広小路通 (京都市)に所在していた）各大学であったが、このうち京都大学では会場に予定されていた法経一番教室の使用を大学当局（服部峻治郎学長）が認めようとせず、警官隊導入により抗議する学生を排除するなどしていたため当局と学生自治会である同学会（1951年の京大天皇事件の結果解散をよぎなくされ、この年の初夏、学生による全学投票を経て再建されたばかりであった）との間には険悪な雰囲気が漂っていた。
• The chosen universities as places for the meetings were Kyoto University, Doshisha University and Ritsumeikan University (the then campus was located at Hirokoji-dori Street, the west shore of the Kamo-gawa River of Yodogawa River system in Kyoto City), however, Kyoto University authorities (President Shunjiro HATTORI) didn't permit the use of classroom number one of the faculty of law and economics, and called the police to remove protesting students, as a result, an explosive atmosphere remained between the authorities and the students, especially the students' association 'Dogakukai' of Kyoto University (although the Dogakukai had been forced to dissolve after the Kyodai Tenno Incident of 1951, in the early summer of 1953 it had just been reorganized by a vote in which all the students had been involved).

• 地方自治法第二百五十二条の十四第一項の規定により市町村の委託を受けて審査判定業務（第二十一条（第二十四条第五項において準用する場合を含む。第四項において同じ。）並びに第二十二条第二項及び第三項（これらの規定を第二十四条第三項において準用する場合を含む。第四項において同じ。）の規定により市町村審査会が行う業務をいう。以下この条及び第九十五条第二項第一号において同じ。）を行う都道府県に、当該審査判定業務を行わせるため、介護給付費等の支給に関する審査会（以下「都道府県審査会」という。）を置く。
• An examination board concerning grant of nursing care payment, etc. (hereinafter referred to as "prefectural examination boards") shall be placed so as to cause the prefecture which is entrusted by paragraph 1 of Article 252-14 of Local Autonomy Act to conduct practices of examination and judgment (means the service offered by municipal examination boards pursuant to Article 21 (including the case where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph 5 of Article 24; the same shall apply in paragraph 4) and paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 of Article 22 (including the case where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph 3 of Article 24; the same shall apply in the paragraph 4); the same shall apply in this Article and item 1 of paragraph 2 of Article 95).

• 前条本文に規定するもののほか、この法律中都道府県が処理することとされている事務で政令で定めるものは、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市（以下「指定都市」という。）及び同法第二百五十二条の二十二第一項の中核市（以下「中核市」という。）においては、政令の定めるところにより、指定都市又は中核市（以下「指定都市等」という。）が処理するものとする。この場合においては、この法律中都道府県に関する規定は、指定都市等に関する規定として指定都市等に適用があるものとする。
• In addition to what is prescribed in the main clause of the preceding Article, affairs which are specified as those to be determined by prefectures in this Act and are specified by a Cabinet Order shall be determined by designated cities set forth in Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) (hereinafter referred to as "designated cities") or by core cities set forth in Article 252-22, paragraph (1) of the same Act (hereinafter referred to as "core cities") from designated cities or core cities (hereinafter referred to as "designated cities, etc.") pursuant to a Cabinet Order. In this case, the provisions of this Act concerning prefectures shall apply to designated cities, etc. as the provisions concerning designated cities, etc.

• 前二項に定めるもののほか、地方公共団体は、第五項の規定により行政財産の貸付けを受けた選定事業者が特定民間事業に係る特定施設（特定施設を利用する権利を含む。以下この項において同じ。）を譲渡しようとする場合において、必要があると認めるときは、地方自治法第二百三十八条の四第一項の規定にかかわらず、当該行政財産を、その用途又は目的を妨げない限度において、当該特定施設を譲り受けようとする者（当該選定事業に係る公共施設等の管理者等が当該公共施設等の管理に関し適当と認める者に限る。）に貸し付けることができる。
• In addition to the leases prescribed in preceding two paragraphs, in the case where an Appointed Business Operator who has leased administrative asset pursuant to with the paragraph (5) of this article is to transfer the Specified Facility used for the Specified Private Project (including the right to utilize the Specified Facility; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph), the local government may, when it finds necessary, lease the administrative asset to the person who is to acquire the Specified Facility (provided that the person is recognized by the Administrator of Public Facility etc. pertaining to the Selected Project to be appropriate for administration of the Public Facility etc), notwithstanding the provision of the paragraph (1) of Article 238-4 of the Local Government Act to the extent that the lease does not prevent the original usage or purpose of the asset.

• 第四条第二項から第十項までの規定は、前項の場合に、同条第四項から第六項までの規定は、港湾管理者としての地方公共団体が港湾区域を変更する場合に、第九条第一項の規定は、港湾管理者としての地方公共団体が港湾区域又はその変更について認可を受けた場合に準用する。この場合において、第四条第三項中「港務局の設立を発起する関係地方公共団体」とあるのは「単独で港湾管理者となり、又は港湾管理者としての地方自治法第二百八十四条第二項若しくは第三項の地方公共団体の設立を発起する関係地方公共団体」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of paragraph (2) through (10) of Article 4 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case set forth in the preceding paragraph, the provisions of paragraphs (4) through (6) of the same Article to the case where the local government as the Port Management Body makes changes in the scope of the Port Area, and the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 9 to the case where the local government as the Port Management Body obtains approval for the designation of or changes in the scope of the Port Area. In these cases, 'the relevant local government which proposes the establishment of a port authority' shall read 'the relevant local government which intends to become a Port Management Body or proposes the establishment of a local public entity set forth in paragraph (2) or paragraph (3) of Article 284 of the Local Autonomy Act to act as the Port Management Body'.

• この法律中都道府県が処理することとされている事務で政令で定めるものは、地方自治法第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市（以下「指定都市」という。）及び同法第二百五十二条の二十二第一項の中核市（以下「中核市」という。）並びに児童相談所を設置する市として政令で定める市（以下「児童相談所設置市」という。）においては、政令で定めるところにより、指定都市若しくは中核市又は児童相談所設置市（以下「指定都市等」という。）が処理するものとする。この場合においては、この法律中都道府県に関する規定は、指定都市等に関する規定として指定都市等に適用があるものとする。
• With regard to a designated city set forth in Article 252-19 paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (hereinafter referred to as "Designated City") and a core city set forth in Article 252-22 paragraph (1) of the same Act (hereinafter referred to as "Core City"), and a city specified by a Cabinet Order as the one establishing a child guidance center (hereinafter referred to as "City with Child Guidance Center"), the affairs specified by a Cabinet Order that are supposed to be handled by a prefectural government under this Act shall be handled by the Designated City or Core City or the City with Child Guidance Center (hereinafter referred to as "Designated Cities, etc.") pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Order. In this case, the provisions concerning prefectures in this Act shall apply to Designated Cities, etc. as if they were the provisions concerning Designated Cities, etc.

• 入札談合等関与行為を行った職員が地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百四十三条の二第一項（地方公営企業法（昭和二十七年法律第二百九十二号）第三十四条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により賠償の責めに任ずべき場合については、第二項、第三項（第二項の調査に係る部分に限る。）、第四項（第二項の調査の結果の公表に係る部分に限る。）及び第五項の規定は適用せず、地方自治法第二百四十三条の二第三項中「決定することを求め」とあるのは、「決定することを速やかに求め」と読み替えて、同条（地方公営企業法第三十四条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定を適用する。
• In cases where employees involved in said bid rigging etc. are liable for damage under Article 243-2, paragraph 1, of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) (including the application mutatis mutandis of Article 34 of the Local Public Enterprise Act (Act No. 292 of 1952)), the provisions of paragraph 2, paragraph 3 (limited to the part concerning the publication of the results of the investigation of paragraph 2), paragraph 4 (limited to the part concerning the investigation of paragraph 2) and paragraph 5 shall not apply, and the term 'request decision' in Article 243-2, paragraph 3, of the Local Autonomy Act shall read 'request a prompt decision,' and the provisions of the said Article shall apply (including the application mutatis mutandis of Article 34 of the Local Public Enterprise Act).

• この法律中都道府県が処理することとされている事務に関する規定で政令で定めるものは、地方自治法第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市（以下「指定都市」という。）及び同法第二百五十二条の二十二第一項の中核市（以下「中核市」という。）並びに児童福祉法第五十九条の四第一項に規定する児童相談所設置市（以下「児童相談所設置市」という。）においては、政令で定めるところにより、指定都市若しくは中核市又は児童相談所設置市（以下「指定都市等」という。）が処理するものとする。この場合においては、この法律中都道府県に関する規定は、指定都市等に関する規定として指定都市等に適用があるものとする。
• The provisions concerning administrative affairs which prefectures should process in this Act and which are prescribed in the Cabinet Order shall be processed pursuant to the provision in the Cabinet Order by designated cities or core cities or the cities where child consultation offices are placed (hereinafter referred to as "designated cities, etc.") in the designated cities prescribed in paragraph 1 of Article 252-19 of Local Autonomy Act (hereinafter referred to as "designated cities") and the core cities of paragraph 1 of Article 252-22 of the same (hereinafter referred to as "core cities") and the cities where child consultation offices are placed which are provided in paragraph 1 of Article 59-1 of Child Welfare Act (hereinafter referred to as "cities where child consultation offices are placed). In such cases, the provision concerning prefectures in this Act shall be deemed to apply to the designated cities, etc. as the provisions concerned with the designated cities, etc.

• 第一条中地方自治法第二百五十条の次に五条、節名並びに二款及び款名を加える改正規定（同法第二百五十条の九第一項に係る部分（両議院の同意を得ることに係る部分に限る。）に限る。）、第四十条中自然公園法附則第九項及び第十項の改正規定（同法附則第十項に係る部分に限る。）、第二百四十四条の規定（農業改良助長法第十四条の三の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに第四百七十二条の規定（市町村の合併の特例に関する法律第六条、第八条及び第十七条の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに附則第七条、第十条、第十二条、第五十九条ただし書、第六十条第四項及び第五項、第七十三条、第七十七条、第百五十七条第四項から第六項まで、第百六十条、第百六十三条、第百六十四条並びに第二百二条の規定公布の日
• Revision provision, in Article 1, adding five articles, section name, and two subsections and their names next to Article 250 of Local Autonomy Act (the portion pertaining to Paragraph 1 of Article 250-9 of the Local Autonomy Act [limited to the portion pertaining to the provision regarding agreement of both Houses]), Revision provision, in Article 40, of Paragraph 9 and Paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Law (limited to the portion pertaining to Paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Law), the provisions in Article 244 (except the portion pertaining to the revision provisions in Article 14-3 regarding Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act), and the provisions in Article 472 (except the portions pertaining to the revision provisions in Article 6, Article 8 and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions of Consolidation of Municipalities), and the provisions in Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the provisions in Article 59, Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5 of Article 60, Article 73, Article 77, Paragraph 4 through Paragraph 6 of Article 157, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164 and Article 202: the day of promulgation.

• 第四条第四項（第九条第二項及び第三十三条第二項において準用する場合を含む。以下同じ。）、第五項（第九条第二項、第三十三条第二項及び第五十六条第二項において準用する場合を含む。以下同じ。）並びに第九項及び第十項（これらの規定を第三十三条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）並びに第五十六条第一項（水域を定める事務に係る部分に限る。）の規定により都道府県が処理することとされている事務（第四条第四項の規定により処理することとされているものについては、同項の規定による都道府県知事の認可に関するものに限り、同条第五項の規定により処理することとされているものについては、同項の規定による都道府県知事が行う協議に関するものに限る。）は、地方自治法第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
• The Administrative work to be dealt with by a prefecture set forth in the provisions of Article 4 paragraph (4) (including where it is applied mutatis mutandis to Article 9 paragraph (2) and Article 33 paragraph (2), the same shall apply hereinafter), paragraph (5) (including where it is applied mutatis mutandis to Article 9 paragraph (2), Article 33 paragraph (2) and Article 56 paragraph (2), the same shall apply hereinafter), and paragraph (9) and (10) (including where these provisions are applied mutatis mutandis to Article 33 paragraph (2)), and Article 56 paragraph (1) (limited to the part of administrative work pertaining to the designation of water areas) (limited to the work regarding to the approval by the prefectural governor set forth in Article 4 paragraph (4) for what is dealt with pursuant to the same paragraph and the coordination by the prefectural governor set forth in paragraph (5) of the same Article for what is to be dealt with pursuant to the same paragraph) shall be the legally delegated affairs of item (i) specified in the item (i) of paragraph (9) of Article 2 of the Local Autonomy Act.

• 本邦に在留する外国人は、本邦に入つたとき（入管法第二十六条の規定による再入国の許可を受けて出国した者が再入国したとき及び入管法第六十一条の二の十二の規定による難民旅行証明書の交付を受けて出国した者が当該難民旅行証明書により入国したときを除く。）はその上陸の日から九十日以内に、本邦において外国人となつたとき又は出生その他の事由により入管法第三章に規定する上陸の手続を経ることなく本邦に在留することとなつたときはそれぞれその外国人となつた日又は出生その他当該事由が生じた日から六十日以内に、その居住地の市町村（東京都の特別区の存する区域及び地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市にあつては区。以下同じ。）の長に対し、次に掲げる書類及び写真を提出し、登録の申請をしなければならない。
• All aliens in Japan shall apply for registration with the mayor or head of the city, town or village (in the case of Tokyo, which is divided into special wards or in the case of the cities designated in Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947), ward; hereinafter the same) in which his/her residence is located, submitting the documents and photographs specified in the following items, within 90 days of the day of landing in cases where the alien has entered Japan (except for cases where an alien who departed from Japan with re-entry permission under Article 26 of the Immigration Control Act re-enters Japan and cases where an alien who departed from Japan with refugee travel documentation under Article 61-2-12 of the Immigration Control Act enters Japan possessing the subject refugee travel document) or within 60 days of the day of his/her becoming an alien or the day of his/her birth or the occurrence of other relevant causes in cases where he/she becomes an alien while in Japan or when he/she comes to stay in Japan without following the procedure for landing provided for in Chapter III of the Immigration Control Act due to birth or other causes:

• 第一条中地方自治法第二百五十条の次に五条、節名並びに二款及び款名を加える改正規 定（同法第二百五十条の九第一項に係る部分（両議院の同意を得ることに係る部分に限る。）に限る。）、第四十条中自然公園法附則第九項及び第十項の改正規 定（同法附則第十項に係る部分に限る。）、第二百四十四条の規定（農業改良助長法第十四条の三の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに第四百七十二条の規定 （市町村の合併の特例に関する法律第六条、第八条及び第十七条の改正規定に係る部分を除く。）並びに附則第七条、第十条、第十二条、第五十九条ただし書、 第六十条第四項及び第五項、第七十三条、第七十七条、第百五十七条第四項から第六項まで、第百六十条、第百六十三条、第百六十四条並びに第二百二条の規定 　公布の日
• The revised provisions of Article 1 of the Local Autonomy Act whereby five Articles, a section title, and two subsections and subsection titles are added after Article 250 of the same Act (limited to the portions pertaining to paragraph (1) of Article 250-9 of the same Act (limited to the portion pertaining to obtaining consent from both the Lower and Upper Houses)), the revised provisions of paragraphs (9) and (10) of Article 40 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Park Act (limited to the portions pertaining to paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the same Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding the portions pertaining to the revised provisions of Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Extension Promotion Act), and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding the portions pertaining the revised provisions of Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Measures for the Mergers of Municipalities), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, and Article 12, the proviso to Article 59, paragraphs (4) and (5) of Article 60, Article 73, Article 77, paragraphs (4) through (6) of Article 157, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　The day of promulgation
• the provisions for revision in Article 1 to add five Articles, the Section heading, and two Subsections and the Subsection headings after Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act (limited to the portion pertaining to Article 250-9, paragraph (1) of said Act (limited to the portion pertaining to obtaining the consent of both Houses)); the provisions in Article 40 to revise paragraph (9) and paragraph (10) of the Natural Parks Act Supplementary Provisions (limited to the portion pertaining to paragraph (10) of the said Supplementary Provisions); Article 244 (except for the portion pertaining to the provision to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act); and Article 472 (except for the portion pertaining to the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8 and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Merger of Municipalities); and Article 7, Article 10 and Article 12; proviso to Article 59; Article 60, paragraph (4) and paragraph (5); Article 73 and Article 77; Article 157, paragraph (4) to paragraph (6); Article 160, Article 163, Article 164 and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the day of promulgation.
• The provisions for revision in Article 1 to add five articles, the section title, and two subsections and the titles thereof following Article 250 of the Local Government Act (limited, however, to the part concerning Article 250-9, paragraph 1 of the said Act (limited, however, to the part concerning the requirement of consent of both Houses)), the provisions in Article 40 to revise paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited, however, to the part concerning paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the said Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provision to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act), and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Merger of Municipalities), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, proviso of Article 59, Article 60, paragraph 4 and paragraph 5, Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraphs 4 to 6, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the date of promulgation.
• The provisions for revision in Article 1 to add five articles, the section title, and two subsections and the titles thereof following Article 250 of the Local Autonomy Act (limited, however, to the part concerning Article 250-9, paragraph 1 of the said Act (limited, however, to the part concerning the requirement of consent of both Houses)), the provisions in Article 40 to revise paragraph 9 and paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited, however, to the part concerning paragraph 10 of the Supplementary Provisions of the said Act), the provisions of Article 244 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provision to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act), and the provisions of Article 472 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Merger of Municipalities), and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, proviso of Article 59, Article 60, paragraph 4 and paragraph 5, Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraphs 4 to 6, Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the date of promulgation.
• The provisions in Article 1 to revise the Local Autonomy Act (limited, however, to the part concerning Article 250-9, paragraph (1) of said Act (limited, however, to the part concerning the requirement of consent of both Houses)) by adding five Articles, a Section title, and two Subsections and their titles following Article 250; the provisions of Article 40 to revise paragraph (9) and paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Natural Parks Act (limited, however, to the part concerning paragraph (10) of the Supplementary Provisions of said Act); the provisions of Article 244 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 14-3 of the Agricultural Improvement and Promotion Act); the provisions of Article 472 (excluding, however, the part concerning the provisions to revise Article 6, Article 8, and Article 17 of the Act on Special Provisions Concerning Mergers of Municipalities); and the provisions of Article 7, Article 10, Article 12, the proviso in Article 59, Article 60, paragraph (4) and paragraph (5), Article 73, Article 77, Article 157, paragraph (4) through paragraph (6), Article 160, Article 163, Article 164, and Article 202 of the Supplementary Provisions:　the date of the promulgation of this Act;

• 動物（哺乳類、鳥類又は爬虫類に属するものに限り、畜産農業に係るもの及び試験研究用又は生物学的製剤の製造の用その他政令で定める用途に供するために飼養し、又は保管しているものを除く。以下この節及び次節において同じ。）の取扱業（動物の販売（その取次ぎ又は代理を含む。次項において同じ。）、保管、貸出し、訓練、展示（動物との触れ合いの機会の提供を含む。次項において同じ。）その他政令で定める取扱いを業として行うことをいう。以下「動物取扱業」という。）を営もうとする者は、当該業を営もうとする事業所の所在地を管轄する都道府県知事（地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市（以下「指定都市」という。）にあつては、その長とする。以下この節、第二十五条第一項及び第二項並びに第四節において同じ。）の登録を受けなければならない。
• A person who intends to engage in a business that handles animals (such animals shall be limited to mammals, birds, and reptiles, and shall exclude those pertaining to livestock farming and those being cared for or kept in order to be provided for use in testing and research, use in manufacturing biological preparations, or for other uses specified by a Cabinet Order; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Section and the following Section) (such business shall include selling [including acting as an intermediary or agent therefor; the same shall apply in the following paragraph], keeping, lending, training, exhibiting [including the provision of opportunities for contact with animals; the same shall apply in the following paragraph] or other handling specified by a Cabinet Order with regard to animals; hereinafter referred to as the 'animal handling business') shall receive registration from the prefectural governor having jurisdiction over the location of the place of business where the person intends to engage in said business (in the case of a designated city set forth in Article 252-19(1) of the Local Autonomy Act [Act No. 67 of 1947] [hereinafter referred to as the 'designated city'], the mayor of said designated city; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Section, Article 25(1) and (2) and Section 4).

• 国際的規模若しくはこれに準ずる規模で開催される競技会若しくは国際的規模で開催される会議（以下「国際競技会等」という。）の経過若しくは結果に関連して、又はその円滑な実施を妨げる目的をもつて、人を殺傷し、人に暴行を加え、人を脅迫し、又は建造物その他の物を損壊したことにより、日本国若しくは日本国以外の国の法令に違反して刑に処せられ、又は出入国管理及び難民認定法の規定により本邦からの退去を強制され、若しくは日本国以外の国の法令の規定によりその国から退去させられた者であつて、本邦において行われる国際競技会等の経過若しくは結果に関連して、又はその円滑な実施を妨げる目的をもつて、当該国際競技会等の開催場所又はその所在する市町村（東京都の特別区の存する区域及び地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市にあつては、区）の区域内若しくはその近傍の不特定若しくは多数の者の用に供される場所において、人を殺傷し、人に暴行を加え、人を脅迫し、又は建造物その他の物を損壊するおそれのあるもの
• or with the intent of preventing the smooth operation thereof, and is likely to kill, injure, assault or threaten a person, or damage a building or other object in relation to the process or results of an international competition held in Japan or with the intent of preventing the smooth operation thereof, at the venue of the international competition or within the area of the municipality where the venue is located (this refers to "ward" in areas where the Tokyo special wards exist or in designated cities prescribed in Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947)) or to neighboring places provided for use to unspecified or a large number of persons.

• この法律の施行の際現に従前の総理府、法務省、外務省、大蔵省、文部省、厚生省、農林水産省、通商産業省、運輸省、郵政省、労働省、建設省又は自治省（以下この条において「従前の府省」という。）の職員（国家行政組織法（昭和二十三年法律第百二十号）第八条の審議会等の会長又は委員長及び委員、中央防災会議の委員、日本工業標準調査会の会長及び委員並びにこれらに類する者として政令で定めるものを除く。）である者は、別に辞令を発せられない限り、同一の勤務条件をもって、この法律の施行後の内閣府、総務省、法務省、外務省、財務省、文部科学省、厚生労働省、農林水産省、経済産業省、国土交通省若しくは環境省（以下この条において「新府省」という。）又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関のうち、この法律の施行の際現に当該職員が属する従前の府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関の相当の新府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関として政令で定めるものの相当の職員となるものとする。
• A person who, at the time of the enforcement of this Act, has been an official (excluding a chairperson and a member of councils, etc. set forth in Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act [Act No. 120 of 1948], a member of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, a chairperson and a member of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and those specified as similar persons by a Cabinet Order) of the prior and existing Prime Minister's Office, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Construction or the Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as a 'Prior and Existing Ministry or Agency' in this Article) shall, unless an appointment is announced separately, become a relevant official of the Cabinet Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, or the Ministry of the Environment after the enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as a 'New Ministry or Agency' in this Article), or a department or organization established thereunder, which is specified by a Cabinet Order as the New Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder that corresponds to the Former Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder to which said official belongs at the time of the enforcement of this Act, with the same working conditions.
• Any employee (excluding presidents, chairpersons and members of councils, etc. in Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948), committee members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, chairperson and committee members of Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and persons prescribed by a Cabinet Order as being similar to these persons) of the former Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Construction or Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as 'Former Office or Ministry' in this Article) at the time of the effective date of this Act shall become the corresponding employee of the Cabinet Office, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism or Ministry of Environment (hereinafter referred to as 'Current Office or Ministry' in this Article), or a bureau or institution established under the Current Office or Ministry prescribed by a Cabinet Order as corresponding to the Former Office or Ministry, or a bureau or institution established after the enforcement of this Act under the Former Office or Ministry to which said employee belongs at the time of the effective date of this Act, with the same working conditions, provided that a separate letter of appointment has not been issued.
• Any person who is actually the official of the former Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Construction or Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Office/Ministry' in this Article) at the time of enforcement of this Act (excluding the president or chairperson and members of a council, etc. set forth in Article 8 of the National Administrative Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948), members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, chairperson and members of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and those specified by Cabinet Order as similar thereto) shall be the corresponding official of the Cabinet Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, or the Ministry of the Environment after the enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Office/Ministry' in this article) or a department or organization thereunder, which is specified by Cabinet Order as the New Office/Ministry or a department or organization thereunder that corresponds to the Former Office/Ministry or a department or organization thereunder to which the official actually belongs at the time of enforcement of this Act, unless a letter of appointment is otherwise issued.

• この法律の施行の際現に従前の総理府、法務省、外務省、大蔵省、文部省、 厚生省、農林水産省、通商産業省、運輸省、郵政省、労働省、建設省又は自治省（以下この条において「従前の府省」という。）の職員（国家行政組織法（昭和 二十三年法律第百二十号）第八条の審議会等の会長又は委員長及び委員、中央防災会議の委員、日本工業標準調査会の会長及び委員並びに　これらに類する者と して政令で定めるものを除く。）である者は、別に辞令を発せられない限り、同一の勤務条件をもって、この法律の施行後の内閣府、総務省、法務省、外務省、 財務省、文部科学省、厚生労働省、農林水産省、経済産業省、国土交通省若しくは環境省（以下この条において「新府省」という。）又はこれに置かれる部局若 しくは機関のうち、この法律の施行の際現に当該職員が属する従前の府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関の相当の新府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは 機関として政令で定めるものの相当の職員となるものとする。
• Persons who were actually the officials of the former Prime Minister's Office and former Ministries of Justice, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Education, Health and Welfare, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, International Trade and Industry, Transport, Posts and Telecommunications, Labor, Construction, or Home Affairs (herein after referred in this Article as 'Former Office and Ministries') before the enforcement of this Act (except for presidents, chairpersons and members of the councils, etc. specified by Article 8 of National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948), the members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, the chairperson and members of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and other similar persons specified by the Cabinet Order) shall be reasonable officials of the organs that are prescribed by the Cabinet Order and are equivalent to Former Office and Ministries they formerly served among the Cabinet Office and Ministries of Internal Affairs and Communications, Justice, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Health, Labour and Welfare, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Economy, Trade and Industry, Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and the Environment (herein after referred in this Article as 'New Office and Ministries') after the enforcement of this Act or departments and bureaus formed in New Office and Ministries on the same working conditions unless other appointments are announced.
• A person who is an official (excluding, however, the chairperson and members of the Council, etc. under Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948)), the members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, the chairperson and members of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and those specified by a Cabinet Order as similar persons) of the former Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Construction or Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Office or Ministry' in this Article) at the time of enforcement of this Act shall, unless an appointment is announced separately, become a corresponding official of the Cabinet Office, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, or Ministry of the Environment after the enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Office or Ministry' in this Article) or a department or organization established thereunder, which is specified by a Cabinet Order as the New Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder that corresponds to the Former Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder to which the said official belongs at the time of enforcement of this Act, with the same working conditions.

• 第百二十九条の保険料の徴収については、第百三十五条の規定により特別徴収（国民年金法（昭和三十四年法律第百四十一号）による老齢基礎年金その他の同法、厚生年金保険法（昭和二十九年法律第百十五号）、国家公務員共済組合法、地方公務員等共済組合法若しくは私立学校教職員共済法に基づく老齢若しくは退職、障害又は死亡を支給事由とする年金たる給付であって政令で定めるもの及びその他これらの年金たる給付に類する老齢若しくは退職、障害又は死亡を支給事由とする年金たる給付であって政令で定めるもの（以下「老齢等年金給付」という。）の支払をする者（以下「年金保険者」という。）に保険料を徴収させ、かつ、その徴収すべき保険料を納入させることをいう。以下同じ。）の方法による場合を除くほか、普通徴収（市町村が、保険料を課せられた第一号被保険者又は当該第一号被保険者の属する世帯の世帯主若しくは当該第一号被保険者の配偶者（婚姻の届出をしていないが、事実上婚姻関係と同様の事情にある者を含む。以下同じ。）に対し、地方自治法第二百三十一条の規定により納入の通知をすることによって保険料を徴収することをいう。以下同じ。）の方法によらなければならない。
• With regard to the collection of an insurance premium as set forth in Article 129, except for a case when the insurance premium is collected by a method of special collection (which means having a person (hereinafter referred to as "Pension Insurer") that pays an Old Age Basic Pension pursuant to the provisions of the National Pension Act (Act No. 141 of 1959), other benefits for a pension with the reason of payment, such as old age, retirement, disability, or death that are provided by a Cabinet Order and based on the same Act, Employees Pension Insurance Act (Act No. 115 of 1954), National Public Service Mutual Aid Association Act, Local Public Service Mutual Aid Association Act, and Private School Personnel Mutual Aid Association Act, and other benefits as a pension with the reason of payment, such as old age, retirement, disability, or death that are similar to those benefits as a pension and are provided by a Cabinet Order (hereinafter referred to as "Old Age, etc., Pension Benefit"), collect insurance premiums and pay to the government said insurance premiums to be collected; the same shall apply herein) pursuant to the provisions of Article 135, the insurance premium shall be by a method of ordinary collection (which means that a Municipality collects an insurance premium by providing notification of the payment pursuant to the provisions of Article 231 of the Local Autonomy Act to a Primary Insured Person that is subject to an insurance premium, the householder of said family where said Primary Insured Person resides, or the spouse of said Primary Insured Person (including a person that has not submitted a notification of marriage, but is under virtually the same circumstances in a marital relationship); the same shall apply herein).

• 緑地面積率等条例の廃止若しくは失効、同意企業立地重点促進区域の廃止又は前条第一項の規定により経過措置を定める条例（以下この項において「経過措置条例」という。）の廃止若しくは失効により、当該緑地面積率等条例（経過措置条例が定められている場合にあっては、当該経過措置条例）で定めた準則の適用を受けないこととなった特定工場について、それぞれ当該緑地面積率等条例の廃止若しくは失効の日、当該同意企業立地重点促進区域の廃止の日又は当該経過措置条例の廃止若しくは失効の日前に当該緑地面積率等条例に係る同意企業立地重点促進区域に係る事務又は当該経過措置条例に係る同条第一項の特定工場に係る事務を行うものとされた市町村の長（地方自治法第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市の長を除く。）にされた工場立地法第六条第一項、第七条第一項若しくは第八条第一項又は工場立地の調査等に関する法律の一部を改正する法律附則第三条第一項の規定による届出は、それぞれの廃止又は失効の日（以下この条において「特定日」という。）以後においては、当該緑地面積率等条例に係る同意企業立地重点促進区域に係る都道府県の知事にされたものとみなす。ただし、当該届出であって特定日において勧告、勧告に係る事項を変更すべき旨の命令又は実施の制限の期間の短縮の処理がされていないものについての勧告、勧告に係る事項を変更すべき旨の命令又は実施の制限の期間の短縮については、なお従前の例による。
• Where a Municipal Ordinance on Green Space-Area Ratios, etc. has been repealed or has become invalid, an agreed zone for intensively promoting the establishment of new business facilities has been abolished, or a Municipal Ordinance that establishes transitional measures as prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article (hereinafter referred to as the 'Municipal Ordinance on Transitional Measures' in this paragraph) has been repealed or has become invalid, and as a result, a specified factory has ceased to be subject to the rules established by said Municipal Ordinance on Green Space-Area Ratios, etc. (when a Municipal Ordinance on Transitional Measures has been established, said Municipal Ordinance on Transitional Measures), with regard to such specified factory, a notification which was made, under Article 6, paragraph (1), Article 7, paragraph (1), or Article 8, paragraph (1) of the Factory Location Act, or Article 3, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act for Partial Revision of the Act on Investigation of Factory Location, etc., to the head of a municipality who is specified to carry out affairs pertaining to the agreed zone for intensively promoting the establishment of new business facilities related to said Municipal Ordinance on Green Space-Area Ratios, etc. or affairs pertaining to a specified factory set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article related to said Municipal Ordinance on Transitional Measures (excluding the head of a designated city set forth in Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act), prior to the date of repeal or invalidity of said Municipal Ordinance on Green Space-Area Ratios, etc., the date of the abolition of said agreed zone for intensively promoting the establishment of new business facilities, and the date of repeal or invalidity of said Municipal Ordinance on Transitional Measures, respectively, shall be deemed to have been made to the prefectural governor pertaining to the agreed zone for intensively promoting the establishment of new business facilities related to said Municipal Ordinance on Green Space-Area Ratios, etc., after the respective date of repeal, abolition, or invalidity (hereinafter referred to as the 'specified date' in this Article); provided, however, that with regard to said notification, for which any disposition of a recommendation, an order to change matters related to a recommendation, or reduction of a period to restrict implementation has not been rendered as on the specified date, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable to such recommendation, order to change matters related to a recommendation, or reduction of a period to restrict implementation.