能: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 能書家。
- Script writer of No.
- 近代の能
- Noh in the modern times
- 能登内親王
- Imperial Princess Noto
- 芝能(9月)
- Shiba Noh (September)
- 幕末の伊能図
- Ino map in the end of Edo period
- 能ワキ:大臣
- Noh waki (supporting role): minister
- 能シテ:皇帝
- Noh shite (main role): emperor
- 能本作者註文
- Nohon Sakusha Chumon
- UA能力の登録
- UA capabilities registration
- 薪御能(5月)
- Takigi Noh (Noh performance played at night) (May)
- 豊能郡:能勢町
- Toyono-gun: Nose-cho
- その後の伊能図
- Ino map in later years
- さまざまな芸能
- Various public entertainment
- 7連発が可能。
- It enabled seven shots to be fired in a row.
- 本願寺北能舞台
- Kita-nobutai (North Noh stage) of Hongan-ji Temple
- 武士職能論以降
- After the theory of samurai function
- 首都機能の移転
- Transferring of the functions of the capital
- 脇能物の荒神物。
- Kojin-mono (play in which a malevolent, destructive deity is a main character) in Wakino-mono (play subject to the first category in five major categories, where a deity is a main character)
- 畠山義統:能登国
- Yoshimune HATAKEYAMA: Noto Province
- 泉質は放射能泉。
- Spring quality is radioactive spring.
- 現在も通行可能。
- Pedestrians can still walk through the tunnel today.
- 能ワキツレ:従臣
- Noh waki tsure: retainer
- 『羅生門』(能)
- The Noh play 'Rashomon'
- 藤原能盛(周防守)
- FUJWIARA no Yoshimori, who possessed the title of Suo no kami (the governor of Suo Province).
- 藤原季能(越前守)
- FUJIWARA no Sueyoshi, who possessed the title of Echizen no kami (the governor of Echizen Province).
- 「職能」武士の起源
- The origin of bushi by 'samurai function'
- 「職能」武士起源論
- The theory on the origin of bushi by 'samurai function'
- 大阪府豊能郡:能勢町
- Toyono-gun, Osaka Prefecture: Nose-cho
- 橘逸勢 - 能書家。
- TACHIBANA no Hayanari: Master of calligraphy.
- 安藤雄能(かつよし)
- Katsuyoshi ANDO
- 文芸・芸能の場として
- As the place of literature and art
- 「職能」起源論の限界
- The limitation of the theory on the origin of bushi by 'samurai function.'
- 芸能の家としての武士
- Bushi as a family of public entertainment
- 能登半島の西端に位置。
- The port is located at the west end of the Noto Peninsula.
- 蔵書能力は約11万冊。
- The capacity of the library is about 110,000 books.
- 特種技能集団・弓射騎兵
- Special skill unit forces and cavalry with archers
- 本願寺能舞台(附橋掛)
- Noh stage of Hongan-ji Temple (tsukehashigakari [attached bridge-form passageway])
- 能因 - 俗名、橘永愷。
- Noin: Secular name: TACHIBANA no Nagayasu.
- 本能寺の変後の諸将の動向
- Activities of each warlord after Honnoji Incident
- 1582年 本能寺の変。
- 1582: 'Honnoji no hen' (the Honnoji Incident in which Nobunaga ODA died) occurred.
- 【曲柄】 初番目(脇能)
- [Category] The first group noh (Waki noh [noh at the side])
- 母は右馬助藤原範能の娘。
- His mother was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Noriyoshi, who received the investiture of Umanosuke (Assistant Captain of the Right Division of the Bureau of Horses).
- 越勢能山時阿閇皇女御作歌
- The original preface of this waka is as follows: '越勢能山時阿閇皇女御作歌' (Seinoyama o koyuru toki ni Ahe no himemiko no tsukurasu uta).
- 藤原定能(左近衛権中将)
- FUJIWARA no Sadayoshi, who possessed the title of Sakone gon no chujo (Provisional Middle Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 安土城:本能寺の変後に焼失
- Azuchi-jo Castle: burned down after the Honnoji Incident.
- 北白川宮能久親王第4男子。
- He was the fourth son of Kitashirakawanomiya Imperial Prince Yoshihisa.
- 能書家として知られていた。
- He was known as noshoka (master of calligraphy).
- 北白川宮能久親王第4王子。
- He was the fourth Prince of Kitashirakawa no Miya Imperial Prince Yoshihisa.
- 家業は能書、神楽・(鷹)。
- The family business consisted of penmanship, kagura (a musical dance) and hawk mastery.
- それほど有能な人物である。
- He was such a competent person.
- 甲斐庄家繁 能登畠山氏家臣。
- Ieshige KAINOSHO, a vassal of the Noto Hatakeyama clan.
- 嵐山 (能) - 能の演目。
- Arashiyama - One of the plays of Japanese lyrical Noh drama
- 家業は書道、笙、能楽、神楽。
- Family businesses were calligraphy, sho (a wind instrument composed of a mouthpiece and seventeen bamboo pipes of various lengths), nogaku (the art of Noh) and Kagura (sacred music and dancing performed at shrine).
- 伝統的な産業と芸能があること
- Traditional industries and arts
- 滋賀県道2号大津能登川長浜線
- Shiga Prefectural Road 2 Otsu-Notogawa-Nagahama Line
- 車両の通行が可能な峠である。
- Vehicles can run through it.
- 能ツレ(または子方):鶴、亀
- Noh Tsure (subordinate role attached to the shite) (or Kokata): crane, tortoise
- 千種有能の末男植松雅永が祖。
- The original forefather was Masanaga UEMATSU, the youngest son of Arishige CHIGUSA.
- この時、諱を「能久」と賜る。
- At that time, he was given his imina (personal name) 'Yoshihisa'.
- 車両での通行が可能な峠である。
- The pass is travelable for vehicles.
- 桓武天皇、能登内親王の同母弟。
- He was the younger maternal half-brother of Emperor Kanmu and Imperial Princess Noto.
- 豊臣秀吉本能寺の変の黒幕説参照。
- Refer to the view that Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was the mastermind of Honnnoji Incident.
- 父は徳大寺公能で、母は藤原豪子。
- Her father was Kinyoshi TOKUDAIJI, and her mother was FUJIWARA no Goshi.
- 能除大師や弘海などの異名をもつ。
- He is also known as Nojo Daishi (daishi being a title of respect given by the Imperial Court) and Kokai.
- 是、新作の本に出だされたる能也。
- The new noh plays are included within this new book.
- 単純弱放射能泉(天然ラジウム温泉)
- It is a simple thermal, radioactive spring (natural radium spring).
- 成分にラドンを含む放射能泉である。
- Radioactive springs containing radon
- 神経痛・リューマチ等に効能がある。
- It is effective for neuralgia and rheumatism, and so on.
- 藤原公実の四男藤原実能を祖とする。
- The original forefather was FUJIWARA no Saneyoshi, the fourth child of FUJIWARA no Kinzane.
- 北白川宮(北白川宮能久親王の子孫)
- Kitashirakawanomiya (the descendants of Kitashirakawanomiya Imperial Prince Yoshihisa)
- 『鶴亀』(つるかめ)は、能の作品。
- 'Tsuru Kame' is a program of Noh, traditional masked dance-drama.
- 3代成久王は、能久親王の第3王子。
- The third Prince Naruhisa was the third prince of Imperial Prince Yoshihisa.
- 宮内庁職員など関係者のみ利用可能。
- This post office can be used only by persons such as staff of the Imperial Household Agency.
- (*は今後利用可能になる予定の会社)
- 2. KANSAI THRU PASS compatible cards are scheduled to be introduced in the future.
- 大阪府能勢町、豊能町、茨木市、高槻市
- Nose-cho, Toyono-cho, Ibaraki City and Takatsuki City in Osaka Prefecture,
- 音楽にも堪能で、笛を能くしたという。
- The Emperor was musically talented and loved to play the recorder.
- 母は藤原能信の養女・東宮妃藤原茂子。
- Her mother was FUJIWARA no Moshi, Princess of Crown Prince and an adopted daughter of FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu.
- 文徳天皇の皇孫で、父は右大臣源能有。
- She was an imperial descendant of Emperor Montoku, and her father was Udaijin (Minister of the Right) MINAMOTO no Yoshiari.
- 山号は帰命山、開山は専蓮社誉能公上人。
- The sango is Kimyozan and the kaisan is Senrenja Shoyo Noko Shonin (Priest Senrenja Shoyo Noko).
- 廊御方 - 藤原通季女、後に藤原実能妻
- Ro no onkata - was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Michisue and later on became wife of FUJIWARA no Saneyoshi
- しかし同時代的には置換可能な語であった。
- However, in those days, both words could replace each other.
- 自身も和歌に堪能で、勅撰集に43首入る。
- The Emperor himself was a talented poet who had 43 poems included in an anthology collected by imperial command.
- 能役者の各家が、徳川幕府に提出した文書。
- These are the documents that all noh actors submitted to the Tokugawa Shogunate.
- これらは能登吉見氏、武蔵吉見氏とよばれる。
- These clans were called Noto-Yoshimi and Musashi-Yoshimi.
- #は京都市域バス共通回数券が使用可能な会社
- 3. The common commutation tickets for buses in the city can be used for payment.
- 師直は重能・直宗の身柄引き渡しを要求する。
- Moronao demands custody of Shigeyoshi and Naomune.
- 母は権大納言中山忠能の娘・慶子(よしこ)。
- His mother was Gon Dainagon (Interim Chief Councilor of State), Tadayasu NAKAYAMA's daughter, Yoshiko.
- 和歌の才能もあり、古典への理解も深かった。
- He was a talented poet and had a deep understanding of classical studies.
- 東本願寺、本能寺など多くの寺院も焼失した。
- Many temples including Higashihongan-ji Temple and Honno-ji Temple were reduced to ashes.
- 能作者についての各家の所伝が記されている。
- They contain details of each performer.
- 藤原光能(参議・右兵衛督・皇太后宮権大夫)
- FUJIWARA no Mitsuyoshi, who possessed the title of Sangi, Uhyoenojo (Captain of the Right Watch), Kotaigogu gon no daibu (Provisional Master of the Empress Dowager's Household).
- 翌6月1日、信長は本能寺で茶会を開いている。
- Next day, on June 1, Nobunaga held a tea ceremony party in the Honno-ji Temple.
- 江戸時代初期に岩倉具尭の四男千種有能が再興。
- Arishige CHIGUSA, the fourth child of Tomotaka IWAKURA, re-established the family during the early Edo period.
- あるいは不可能ではなかったかと言われている。
- Or it is said that it was impossible for him to do so.
- 海は荒れ狂い、先に進むことが不可能になった。
- The sea became very rough and they could not go any farther.
- 伝・源頼朝像・平重盛像・藤原光能像(神護寺)
- Portraits that are supposed to be MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, TAIRA no Shigemori, and FUJIWARA no Mitsuyoshi: owned by Jingo-ji Temple
- 本能寺の変は雑賀衆内部の力関係も一変させた。
- The Honno-ji Incident also changed the power relationship among Saiga shu.
- ※効能はその効果を万人に保証するものではない。
- *Effects of the hot spring are not guaranteed.
- * The effects are not guaranteed for everyone.
- However, there is no guarantee that these effects will work on everyone.
- The efficacy does not guarantee good outcomes for everyone.
- それでも税が成立すると行政は大きな権能を持つ。
- Nevertheless, once a taxation system is established, the administrative organization is invested with great powers to enforce it.
- 平時忠は能登国へ流罪となり、そこで死んでいる。
- TAIRA no Tokitada was banished to Noto Province, where he died.
- 宗能の子大納言藤原宗家は議奏公卿の1人であった。
- Muneyoshi's son, Dainagon FUJIWARA no Muneie, was a member of the Giso kugyo (Noble Council).
- 国道上の峠であり、車両での通行が可能な峠である。
- Vehicles can use Kurio-toge Pass as it is on a national route.
- その能力は藤原基経からも評価されてその娘を娶る。
- His ability was valued by FUJIWARA no Mototsune and he married his daughter.
- 測量結果を基に、江戸で伊能らが作図作業を行った。
- 'Dainihon Enkairyochi Zenzu' was drawn by INO in Edo based on survey results.
- 左大臣徳大寺実能の娘・皇后藤原育子を母后とする。
- His mother was Empress FUJIWARA no Ikushi, the daughter of the Minister of the left, Saneyoshi TOKUDAIJI.
- 家業は能書・笙・(能楽)・(神楽)の家でもある。
- The family business consisted of penmanship, sho (a wind instrument), (nogaku (Noh music)) and (kagura (a musical dance)).
- 「春過而 夏來良之 白妙能 衣乾有 天之香來山」
- 春過而 夏來良之 白妙能 衣乾有 天之香來山'
- 特に南部の明倫学区や本能学区での人口増加が著しい。
- The Meirin school and Honno school districts in the south of Nakagyo Ward, in particular, have seen rapid population growth.
- そのため、深夜・未明の仮眠受付も可能となっている。
- So, it is available for them to stay in these huts for taking a nap in the middle of the night or before dawn.
- 兄の能久(よしひさ)親王を後嗣とするよう遺言した。
- He left a will to appoint his brother, Imperial Prince Yoshihisa, to his koshi (an inheritor).
- これにより当日の次第・様子を知ることが可能である。
- And the diary shows us how the contest went and what it was like.
- 城主が使用されていた可能性が高いと考えられている。
- It is highly possible that hon maru, the main part of the castle, was actually lived in.
- 同年6月に京都で織田信長が横死(本能寺の変)した。
- In July of the year, Nobunaga ODA died a violent death (the Honnoji Incident) in Kyoto.
- そのため、『能本作者註文』の伝本の見直しに役立つ。
- It is for this reason that it is useful for reviewing surviving copies of 'Nohon Sakusha Chumon.'
- 能勢氏(のせし)は、摂津国(北摂地方)の大身領主。
- The Nose clan was a taishin ryoshu (noble land owner) in Settsu Province (Hokusetsu region).
- (目的地の)本能寺というところも知りませんでした。
- We did not even know about our destination, the Honno-ji Temple.
- 11世紀中期までは摂関政治がある程度機能していた。
- Up to the middle of the 11th century, the regency functioned to some extent.
- 能勢電鉄日生中央駅またはJR山陰本線園部駅からバス。
- Bus service is available from Nissei Chuo Station of Nose Electric Railway Co., Ltd. and Sonobe Station of the JR Sanin Main Line.
- 同日、京都・本能寺に入り、ここで軍勢の集結を待った。
- He entered the Honno-ji Temple in Kyoto on the same day and waited for the assembly of troops.
- しかし本能寺には堀と土居があり、この説は疑問である。
- As the Honno-ji Temple was surrounded with moats walls and mud walls, this story is doubtful.
- 愛宕山 (飯能町) 天覧山 - 埼玉県飯能市にある。
- Atago-yama (or Atago-san) (Hanno-cho) - It is located in Hanno City, Saitama Prefecture.
- 車両での通行は可能だが、大原側が急勾配となっている。
- Although vehicles can run through it, the Ohara side is very steep.
- 女御:藤原道子(1042-1132) - 藤原能長女
- Nyogo:FUJIWARA no Doshi/Michiko (1042-1132) was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Yoshinaga
- 『枕草子』伝来に関係したらしい(枕草子能因本奥書)。
- She was involved in the legacy of 'Makura no soshi' (the Pillow Book) (according to the postscript written in the Noinbon (type of transcription) of Makura no soshi).
- 中納言藤原公成の娘で、大納言藤原能信の養女となった。
- She was a daughter of Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), FUJIWARA no Kinnari and was adopted by Dainagon (chief councilor of state), FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu.
- 大量の文書・史料・蔵書などの索引機能を持たせた文書。
- Documents forming an index for a large amount of historical materials, books or documents.
- 横波に弱く無事に往来出来る可能性は低いものであった。
- The possibility for the ship to complete a round trip was low because the ship could not handle beam sea well.
- 第二皇女:能子内親王(押小路宮)(1200-1245)
- The second Princess: Imperial Princess Yoshiko (Oshikojinomiya) (1200 - 1245)
- この事件により、忠通と頼長の関係は修復不可能となった。
- Through this incident the relationship between Tadamichi and Yorinaga became unrecoverable.
- 遺言で兄に当たる北白川宮能久親王が北白川宮を相続した。
- His elder brother, Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa, succeeded the Kitashirakawanomiya family by his testament.
- 久邇宮朝彦親王は兄宮、北白川宮能久親王は弟宮にあたる。
- Kuni no Miya Imperial Prince Asahiko was his older brother, and Kitashirakawa no Miya Imperial Prince Yoshihisa was his younger brother.
- しかし、実在が定かでないだけに造作された可能性が高い。
- However, this anecdote is likely to be fiction, since the existence of the emperor itself is uncertain.
- すると波が穏やかになり、船を進めることが可能になった。
- Then the waves had subsided, making it possible for the ship to sail.
- 本能寺の変の時は蒲生賢秀が留守居役として在城していた。
- When the Honnoji Incident broke out in 1582, Katahide GAMO stayed within the castle as the Rusuiyaku (a person representing the master during his absence).
- 鉄尺と竹尺を平均して伊能忠敬が作ったのが折衷尺である。
- A scholar, Tadataka INO introduced setchu-jaku (averaged shaku) by averaging and integrating the tetsu-jaku and the take-jaku.
- 6月2日夕刻に至って、高野山に本能寺の変の情報が届く。
- In the evening of July 1, Koyasan was informed of the Honnoji Incident.
- 「能瀬」・「野瀬」・「能世」など複数の表記が存在する。
- Nose' is written in several patterns of kanji such as '能瀬,' '野瀬,' '能世.'
- 京都に本拠を置いた幕府は、朝廷の権能を次第に侵食した。
- The bakufu, which placed its core site in Kyoto, gradually eroded the functions of the Imperial Court.
- その他にも名張駅発御杖村方面のバスでもアプローチが可能。
- In addition, the plateau can be accessed by bus leaving Nabari Station for Mitsue Village.
- 諸説有るが、平安時代には現在の流れであった可能性が高い。
- Although there are many opinions, it is highly likely that the river flowed in the Heian period as it does at present.
- 呉が日本棋院所属棋士ではないために可能だった提案である。
- Go could make this proposal because he was not a member of the Nihon Ki-in.
- 一建築金物、十能・鍬、花器、金箔瓦、壁土等が発見された。
- A metallic building material, a juno (fire pan), a hoe, flower vases, gilded tiles, wall clay, etc. were included in the relics.
- 能もこの時代に観阿弥・世阿弥により完成されたものである。
- And it was also in this period that Noh (the Japanese traditional dance-drama in mask) was perfected by Kanami and Zeami.
- 『能本作者註文』は、大永4年(1524年)成立の作者付。
- 'Nohon Sakusha Chumon' is a sakushazuke released in 1524.
- その内の一番乗りで本能寺に侵入したという部分を掲載する。
- The following are excerpts from the record, which described the scene where Soemon was first to break into Honno-ji Temple.
- 大・少主鑰 鍵の管理・大蔵省に同じ官があり機能しなかった
- Dai/Sho Shuyaku: Management of the keys, the same position existed in the Finance Ministry and this was not a functional position
- 雅永は、村上源氏岩倉家の分家、千種家の千種有能の末である。
- Masanaga was the youngest son of Arishige CHIGUSA of the Chigusa family that was a branch family of the Iwakura family of the Murakami-Genji line.
- 左大臣となった源能有の子孫に北面武士となった坂戸氏がある。
- Descendants of MINAMOTO no Yoshiaki who was Sadaijin included the Sakado clan who became Hokumen no bushi (north front worrier).
- しかし、本能寺の変で信長は明智光秀の謀反によって討たれた。
- But Nobunaga was killed by Mitsuhide AKECHI in the Honnoji Incident.
- 院政は承久の乱以降も継続し、公家政権の中枢として機能した。
- Insei continued during and after the Jokyu Rebellion, during which it functioned as the core of a system of government led by the court nobles.
- 深見隧道は両側で完全に封鎖されており、通行は不可能である。
- Fukami-suido Tunnel is closed entirely on the both sides and impassable.
- 能書家で、絵画・華道・香道・茶道(石州流)にも詳しかった。
- He was a man of calligraphy, and was also well versed in the paintings, flower arranging, incense burning, and the way of tea (Sekishu school).
- 順位が高い(1位に近い)ほど、次の皇位につく可能性が高い。
- Those higher in the order of succession (nearer to the first in line) have more chance of acceding to the throne next.
- 後白河天皇の第5皇女で、母は坊門局(右大臣藤原公能の娘)。
- She was the fifth princess of Emperor Goshirakawa, and her mother was Bomon no Tsubone (daughter of Minister of the Right, FUJIWARA no Kinyoshi).
- (また、これは12年の誤差があり遣唐使の可能性もある。)。
- In addition, this date has an error of 12 years and, thus, this might have been an envoy to Tang in China.)
- 更に律令制の衰微とともに御暦奏の仕組自体が機能しなくなる。
- The mechanism of the goryakuso itself died out as the ritsuryo system faded.
- 上記のように、約30番の能についてその作者が記されている。
- Approximately 30 noh plays are written with their playwrights in the above-mentioned manner.
- 『自家伝抄』は、16世紀初頭に成立したと見られる能の伝書。
- 'Jika Densho' is a noh text that is thought to have been written at the beginning of the 16th century.
- 卒都婆小町 自然居士 (能) 四位の少将 以上、観阿弥作。
- Sotoba Komachi, Jinen Koji and Shii no Shosho by Kanami.
- 戦国時代後半の社会は、二つの相反する可能性を示唆していた。
- The society in the latter part of the Sengoku period suggested two opposite possibilities.
- 現在、能勢氏の菩提寺である清普寺の境内に一族の墓所がある。
- There is a graveyard for the Nose family in the precincts of Seifu-ji Temple, which is their family temple.
- 「職能」起源論では地方の武士を十分説明できるわけではない。
- The bushi in local regions cannot be explained fully by the theory on the origin of bushi by 'samurai function.'
- これは能の演目、大江山(五番目物の鬼退治物)にもなっている。
- The third legend is one of the themes performed in a Noh play 'Oeyama,' a story about ogre extermination in the Gobanmemono (Fifth Category).
- 中世には、中原親能のように鎌倉幕府と関係を持つようになった。
- During the Medieval Period, members of the clan such as NAKAHARA no Chikayoshi came to have contacts with the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- また有能な弟たちを各所に配置し、大きくなった勢力を統治した。
- And he posted his capable brothers in various places to administer his extended power.
- 弟の藤原宗輔は太政大臣、宗忠の嫡男藤原宗能は内大臣に昇った。
- Munetada's younger brother, FUJIWARA no Munesuke, became Daijo Daijin (Grand Minister), and Munetada's heir, FUJIWARA no Muneyoshi, became Naidaijin (Minister of the Palace).
- 旧道は舗装されており、峠付近まで車両で走行することも可能だ。
- The old road is paved and it is possible to drive up to the pass by vehicles.
- 憲法の定める国事行為を除くほか、国政に関する権能を有しない。
- No functions in the government are given, except for ones provided by the Constitution.
- 離婚後、島津久光の養女能久親王妃富子(実父伊達宗徳)と再婚。
- After divorce, he got remarried Tomiko, adopted daughter of Hisamitsu SHIMAZU (her real father was Munee DATE) who became Imperial Princess Yoshihisa.
- また現代語との読みの異同・語義の相違を知ることも可能である。
- It also gives information about the difference in reading and meaning between the entries and modern words.
- 伊能忠敬が測量のために又四郎尺と享保尺を平均して作ったもの。
- Invented by Tadataka INO by averaging and integrating the matashiro-jaku and the kyoho-jaku for land survey.
- 名前は、本能寺の変直前に明智光秀が愛宕参詣したことに由来する。
- The name 'Akechi-goe' originated from the visit to Mt. Atago that Mitsuhide AKECHI made right before the Honnoji Incident.
- しかし、近年は地球温暖化に伴う滑走可能期間の短縮傾向が著しい。
- However, these days, the available period when people can enjoy sliding become apparently shorter due to global warming.
- 観桜シーズンにはライトアップされるため、夜間観桜も可能である。
- It is lit up during the cherry blossom season, and is possible to view the cherry tree at night.
- 山号は長興山、開基は比企大学三郎能本(よしもと)、開山は日朗。
- The sango is Chokozan, the Kaiki is Hiki Daigaku Saburo Yoshimoto, and the kaisan is Nichiro.
- ※(注意) 効能は万人に対してその効果を保障するものではない。
- (Caution) Regarding its effectiveness, guarantees are not provided for all the people.
- 理由は,耐震強度が基準に満たしていない可能性があり危険なため。
- The reason is because its earthquake resistant level may not comply with the current standard and it is considered to be dangerous.
- 旧道であるダート路は峠付近で途絶えており、通行は不可能である。
- The former dirt road is impassable since it is closed halfway around the pass.
- 朕為民父母徳不能覆、甚自痛焉」との悲痛な自省の言を添えている。
- The Emperor could not help our people and their parents in any way and feeling helpless,' the Emperor blamed himself and felt intensely remorseful.
- しかし太田亮は摂津源氏は仮冒で古代能勢郡領家の後裔としている。
- However, Akira OTA stated they only assumed the name of Settsu Genji and had actually been the descendant of the lord of the manor in Nose District in ancient times.
- 南桑田郡(亀岡市、大阪府高槻市樫田、大阪府豊能郡豊能町牧・寺田)
- Minamikuwada District (Kameoka city in Kyoto prefecture, Kashida in Takatsuki city, Osaka prefecture, Maki and Terada in Toyono town, Toyono District, Osaka prefecture)
- 加藤千蔭- 江戸時代中期から後期にかけての国学者・歌人・能書家。
- Chikage KATO: Scholar of Japanese classical literature, waka poet and master of calligraphy, who lived in the mid to latter Edo period.
- 織田信長の嫡男・織田信忠は、父の信長と共に本能寺の変で討たれた。
- Nobutada ODA, a legitimate son of Nobunaga ODA, was killed together with Nobunaga in the Honnoji Incident.
- この男性の正体は未だに不明であるが、夫の家茂である可能性が強い。
- The man has not been identified so far, there is a possibility that he was Kazunomiya's husband, Iemochi.
- 幼少のころから才能に優れ、学問や詩歌、とくに書や笛に秀でていた。
- He had many talents since his childhood, he was good at studying, a talented poet, and good at doing calligraphy, playing the pipe (or flute).
- そこで伊能家に保管されていた控図(副本)が翌年政府に献納された。
- Thus a duplicate copy which had been kept by the Ino family was dedicated to the government the next year.
- 自動車での送迎も可能であるが馬車を希望する大使が多いと言われる。
- Many ambassadors apparently prefer a carriage to a limousine, which is also offered.
- ところが、律令制の弛緩とともに封戸や初期荘園の機能が形骸化した。
- As the statutory ritsuryo system became slack, fuko and the early shoen systems were only in name.
- 楽市とは、非課税等を通じて自由な売買を可能にした市のことである。
- Rakuichi was a market, in which people were able to trade freely without any taxes.
- その後別ルートでヨーロッパ製のものも日本に伝来した可能性はある。
- European ones might have been imported via a different route afterward.
- 文人画(南画):池大雅、与謝蕪村、浦上玉堂、青木木米、田能村竹田
- Nanga picture: IKE no Taiga, Buson YOSA, Gyokudo URAGAMI, Mokubei AOKI, and Chikuden TANOMURA
- 1月頃 豪雪のため飛行訓練不能、福岡海軍航空隊に疎開し訓練続行。
- Around January, extraordinarily heavy snow made the flight training impossible, so the men were moved to the Fukuoka Naval Air Base for training.
- 本能寺の変関係者では明智軍の当事者の唯一の一次資料で貴重である。
- The Honjo Soemon Oboegaki is considered a valuable resource since it is the only firsthand account available from one of the participants from the Akechi forces in the Honnoji Incident.
- 忠能の孫の中山孝麿は宮内庁東宮職や東宮大夫、宮中顧問官を歴任した。
- Takamaro NAKAYAMA, who was a grandson of Tadayasu filled various posts including being a member of the Board of the Crown Prince's Affairs of the Imperial Household Agency, Togu-daifu (the Lord Steward to the Imperial Prince) and imperial court councilor.
- 実際に皇族の子孫などであった可能性は高いが、その詳細は不明である。
- There is high possibility that that person was the descendant of the imperial family, but the details are not known.
- そのため、女性天皇及び女系天皇の可能性も含めた議論が起こっている。
- Therefore, there was a debate in terms of the succession to the throne including the possibility of an Empress or female Imperial Family line to succeed to the throne.
- 皇后宮大夫には実父・公能、権大夫には頼長の子・藤原兼長が就任した。
- Masaruko's birth father, Kinyoshi, assumed the post of kogogu-daibu (Master of the Empress's Household); FUJIWARA no Kanenaga, the son of Yorinaga assumed the post of Gon no daibu (provisional master).
- 能有の男系の子孫には、後代保元の乱で活躍した源季実などが出ている。
- Later, Yoshiari's male descendants produced MINAMOTO no Suezane who fought bravely in the Hogen War.
- これらの発見により、伊能大図214枚の全容がつかめるようになった。
- As a result of these discoveries, the whole picture of the 214 sheets of Ino large maps has been figured out.
- 丹波道主王(たにわのみちぬしのみこ、旦波比古多多須美知能宇斯王)。
- Taniwa no michinushi no Miko' (also written as [Tanihanohikotatasumichinoushinoo.]')
- そのため、朝廷を敬う明智光秀によって本能寺の変で殺されたとされる。
- For this reason, it is said that he was killed in the Honnoji Incident by Mitsuhide AKECHI who respected the Imperial Court.
- 2代能久親王は伏見宮邦家親王の第9王子で、智成親王の兄宮に当たる。
- The second Imperial Prince Yoshihisa was the ninth prince of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kuniie and an older brother of Imperial Prince Satonari.
- 此也是能 倭尓四手者 我戀流 木路尓有云 名二負勢能山 巻1-35
- The original waka (in the 'Manyoshu,' volume 1-35) is written as follows: '此也是能 倭尓四手者 我戀流 木路尓有云 名二負勢能山' (Koreya kono Yamato nishite ha waga kouru Kiji ni arito iu na ni ou Seinoyama).
- 大島城(下伊那郡松川町)での抗戦は不可能とし、大島城から逃亡する。
- They determined that a resistance at Oshima-jo Castle (Matsukawa-machi, Shimoina-gun), was impossible, and escaped from Oshima-jo Castle.
- 本来は豊作を祈る田遊びの芸能に由来する地方農村の労働歌舞であった。
- It was originally utamai (a performance of singing and dancing) for labor in agricultural villages that originated in the public entertainment of taasobi (ritual Shinto performance to pray for a good rice-crop for the year) to pray for rich harvest.
- 手島氏は摂津源氏の一族である能瀬高頼(多田行綱の弟)の後裔である。
- The Teshima clan descended from Takayori NOSE (younger brother of Yukitsuna TADA), who was a member of the Settsu Genji family.
- 本能寺の方に行く間、我らはその後に付き、片原町へ入っていきました。
- We followed them during the expedition to the Honno-ji Temple and entered Katahara-cho.
- 城の防衛施設としての機能と、行政都市・商業都市としての機能を持つ。
- They had a role as defensive facilities for the castle and also as a governmental city/commercial city as well.
- まともな戦闘能力を失った大内義長は内藤隆世の守る長門国且山城に逃亡。
- Yoshinaga OUCHI, who had lost decent fighting capability, fled into Katsuyama-jo Castle in Nagato Province which was protected by Takayo NAITO.
- 島津氏が西軍に付いたのは、当時の情報収集能力の欠如が原因と言われる。
- It is said that the Shimazu clan sided with the Western Army because it lacked the ability to gather information.
- 公実三男左大臣徳大寺実能(1096年 - 1157年)を始祖とする。
- The originator was Kimizane's third son, Minister of the Left Saneyoshi TOKUDAIJI (1096 to 1157).
- そのため、長男の田村皇子にも王位継承の可能性はないかに思われていた。
- Therefore, it was considered that there was no possibility for her first son, the Prince Tamura to succeed to the throne.
- 佐泥佐斯 佐賀牟能袁怒邇 毛由流肥能 本那迦邇多知弖 斗比斯岐美波母
- You who inquired after my safety when we stood amidst of the burning field of Ono, Sagamu, with mountains rising high above.
- また、織田信長も征夷大将軍に就任する可能性があった(三職推任問題)。
- Furthermore, Nobunaga ODA could have been appointed as seii taishogun (Sanshoku suinin mondai (historical event regarding the Oda government)).
- 「法性寺殿」「法性寺関白」といわれた藤原忠通も能書家として知られた。
- FUJIWARA no Tadamichi who was referred to as 'Hosshoji-dono' (Mr. Hossho-ji Temple' or 'Hosshoji Kanpaku' (a chief advisor to the emperor at Hossho-ji Temple) was also known as a noshoka (master of calligraphy).
- その直後から加賀国・能登国・若狭国の北陸豪族達が反乱活動を開始する。
- Immediately afterwards, powerful families in the Hokuriku region (including Kaga Province, Noto Province and Wakasa Province) began to rebel.
- 疲労回復や冷え性、火傷などの効用があるとされるが、飲用は不可能である。
- Hot springs are believed to be good for fatigue, sensitivity to cold temperatures and burn injuries, but not for drinking.
- (ただし顕広王は神祇伯就任以前から王氏であった可能性も指摘されている)
- (However, one theory suggests that Akihiro-o may have belonged to the O clan before his accession to the position of Jingi haku.)
- 占星術や陰陽道においても特筆した才能があったとする記録が残されている。
- Some records exist that show that they had noteworthy talents for astrology and Onmyodo.
- 公家社会と細川家を結ぶ能や茶の湯の数寄者として、京都で余生を過ごした。
- He spent the rest of his life in Kyoto as a Sukisha (zen philosopher) in Chanoyu (the tea ceremony) and Noh, that connected the court noble society and the Hosokawa family.
- 深山(みやま)は大阪府豊能郡能勢町と京都府南丹市との境界に位置する山。
- Mt. Miyama is a mountain which is located in the boundary between Nose-cho, Toyono-gun, Osaka Prefecture and Nantan City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 京都バス32番花背線の能見口下車、徒歩約3時間(約11キロメートル)。
- Route 32 of Kyoto Bus (the Hanase route): Get off at Nomi-guchi and walk for about three hours (approx. eleven kilometers).
- この停滞の影響は甚大で、公家・武家ともに政治機能不全に陥ってしまった。
- The suspense caused by this affected them so much that both court nobles and warrior families lost their political functions.
- 古代日本の統一国家の樹立には朝鮮と中国が先例になっている可能性がある。
- There is a possibility that ancient Japan was unified according to precedents of Korea and China.
- ヒノキの薄板を要で留めて、板の上部を紐で補強し折りたたみ可能にした扇。
- Hiogi is a fan made of slats of cypress wood tied together at the pivot and top of the slates are enforced with strings so that the slates can be folded.
- 日本書紀に「唖にして語ふこと能はず」とあり、言葉を話せなかったという。
- It is said that he was incapable of speech, as described in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) that 'he was a dumb person who cannot speak.'
- 現代の日本の学術上、実在の可能性がある程度見込める初めての天皇である。
- He is the first Japanese emperor that many modern scholars agree might have actually existed.
- 阿波重能は平氏軍の唐船の計略を義経に告げて知盛の作戦は失敗してしまう。
- Shigenori AWA had already revealed the ruse of the Taira's Chinese flagship to Yoshitsune, while led to the failure of Tomomori's strategy.
- 湖を取り囲む山地からの流れが源流で、京阪神の水瓶という機能も担っている。
- The water of Lake Biwa originates from the surrounding mountains, so the lake functions as a water reservoir for the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe area.
- また、桃山から江戸期にかけての歴朝で後陽成天皇と並ぶ能書の帝王でもある。
- He is also known as a king of nogaki, together with Emperor Goyozei, within the successive sons of Heaven during the Momoyama period to the Edo period.
- これが事実とすると但馬皇女は高市皇子の妻または養女であった可能性がある。
- If it was true, Tajima no himemiko was possibly a wife or adopted daughter of Prince Takechi.
- 後に織田秀信が二の丸に入城したように、二ノ丸をもって十分に機能していた。
- Azuchi-jo Castle could fulfill its function sufficiently only by the Ninomaru, which is shown by the fact that Hidenobu ODA made a triumphal entry into the Ninomaru even after other structures were burnt down.
- 世阿弥が『三道』で挙げた能作の模範となる曲について、作者別に並べている。
- The songs that served as a base as the noh plays listed by Zeami in his 'Three Elements in Composing a Noh Play' are arranged for each playwright.
- 芸能人も、大道芸人と呼ばれ、つかみ所のない者として、賎民呼ばわりされた。
- Entertainers were called street performers and were also defined as Senmin, since they were considered pointless.
- 『平家物語』によれば、この時、阿波重能の水軍300艘が寝返ってしまった。
- According to the 'Heike monogatari,' it was at this moment that 300 navy ships of Shigenori AWA switched sides, turning against the Taira clan.
- 同一市外局番の地域との通話は市内通話料金で利用可能(東松山単位料金区域)。
- Any call between areas under the same telephone area code is available at a local call rate (area under the Higashimatsuyama unit rate).
- 本能寺の変では、妻・細川ガラシャの父・明智光秀に与せず、豊臣秀吉に仕えた。
- Yusai did not follow Mitsuhide AKECHI who was the father of his wife, Garasha HOSOKAWA, and served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 本能寺の変では縁戚の明智光秀に味方せず、後に天下人となる豊臣秀吉に服した。
- At the Honnoji Incident, he did not support Mitsuhide AKECHI, his own relative, and served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who later became tenkabito (person becoming the ruler of the country).
- 中山家は中山忠能が明治天皇の外祖父であったことが考慮されたものとみられる。
- It is considered that the fact that Tadayasu NAKAYAMA of the Nakayama family was the maternal grandfather of Emperor Meiji was taken into account.
- 奥るり渓には能勢電鉄日生中央駅もしくは、JR山陰本線園部駅からバスがある。
- To Okururikei River Valley, buses go from Nose Electric Railway Nissei-chuo Station or JR Sanin Main Line Sonobe Station.
- 婬行(あるいは媱行)はいよいよ増して、制する事は能わず」と伝えられている。
- Her sexual moral decadence was becoming worse and it was hard to stop her behavior,' it said.
- 能の現行演目の中では最も短いもので、初心者向きの入門曲として知られている。
- It is the shortest program which is played today and is known as a program for a beginner.
- このとき后位にある者がほかに誰もいなかったために可能だった措置でもあった。
- This measure was possible because there was no one in the position of the empress at the time.
- 『日本書紀』には才能に恵まれ、武徳に優れ天文・占星の術を得意としたとある。
- According to 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), he was a gifted and physically and psychologically healthy person and also was good at astronomy and astrology.
- 要するに内部での調整は不可能、クジ引で決めるしかなかったということである。
- In other words, adjustment within was impossible and had to be decided by lottery.
- 永正4年(1507年)、為景が越後守護上杉房能を殺害する際に支援している。
- The Takanashi clan helped Tamekage assassinate Fusayoshi UESUGI, the governor of Echigo, in 1507.
- また、京都方面への修学旅行客受け入れ先としても機能を果たすようになっている。
- Those accommodations also take in school trip customers visiting Kyoto area.
- 京北町側では現国道からの分岐直後にゲートで封鎖されており通過は不可能である。
- On the Keihoku Town side the road is closed with a gate immediately after it branches off from the current national route so it is not possible to drive through.
- このため、皇室典範が早期に改正され、女性天皇が誕生する可能性が高まっていた。
- It raised the possibility that the Imperial House Act could be modified soon and that a female emperor would appear.
- 『宋書』・『梁書』に記される「倭の五王」中の倭王珍(彌)である可能性が高い。
- There is a high possibility that he is the king of Wa (Japan), King Chin (or Mi or Ya or Iyoyo), one of the 'five kings of Wa' described in 'So-jo' (literally, the Book of Song [one of the Nanbeichao or the Southern Dynasties of China]) and 'Ryo-jo' (literally, the Book of Liang).
- ただし、譲位がたとえ君主の意思表示であったとしてもそれだけでは不可能である。
- However, it is not enough for a monarch to expresses his will to actually carry out the abdication of the throne.
- また、能阿弥は他にも東山御物について撰述した『君台観左右帳記』を著している。
- Noami also wrote 'Kumidaikansochoki' (book of secrets about zashiki-kazari or decorations of a room or study with shoin - one of Japan's most important residential architectural styles, established during the Momoyama era).
- なお当時は、軍の輸送能力が低いこともあり、兵站が滞ることがしばしばであった。
- In addition, the transportation capacity of the troops is not high so, that war supplies were often delayed.
- 効能 神経痛・筋肉痛・関節痛・皮膚病 外傷性疾患・リウマチ・婦人病・胃腸病など
- The effect - The hot spring is good for neuralgia, muscular pain, arthritis, dermatosis, traumatopathy, rheumatism, a women's disease, gastroenteropathy, et cetera.
- 愛親の曾孫の中山忠能(ただやす)は明治天皇の生母中山慶子(やすこ)の父である。
- Tadayasu NAKAYAMA, who was a great-grandchild of Naruchika, was the father of Yasuko NAKAYAMA, who was the biological mother of the Emperor Meiji.
- しかし、その前日に本能寺の変の情報を入手し、ただちに毛利氏軍と素早く和議した。
- However, catching information on the day before on the Honnoji Incident, Hideyoshi in no time made peace with Mori's army.
- 本能寺の変の報が伝わると、すぐさま丹羽長秀は信孝の指示に従って信澄を殺害した。
- As soon as information on Honnoji Incident was conveyed, Nagahide NIWA immediately killed Nobusumi following Nobutaka's order.
- 本能寺の変の直前に明智光秀が愛宕神社を参詣し愛宕百韻を詠んだことでも知られる。
- It is also known that Mitsuhide AKECHI visited the Atago-jinja Shrine and composed a tanka poem just prior to the Honnoji Incident.
- 中山忠能の日記にも、「御九穴より御脱血」などと壮絶な天皇の病状が記されている。
- It was also mentioned in Tadayasu NAKAYAMA's diary in a heretical way how the Emperor was suffering from smallpox, 'the Emperor was bleeding from Kyuko (mouth, eyes, ears, urethral hall and the anus).'
- 本能寺の変の際、信長の嫡子織田信忠守る二条御所(二条城の前身)に滞在していた。
- He was staying at the Nijo Palace (the former Nijo-jo Castle) where Nobunaga's eldest son, Nobutada was protected, when the Honnoji Incident happened.
- また、宇多天皇も寛平御遺誡の中で右大臣(能有)の失った衝撃について触れている。
- Also, Emperor Uda described the shock at Udaijin (Yoshiari)'s death in 'Kanpyo goikai' (instructions to one's descendants).
- 明治維新で江戸幕府が崩壊した後、幕府が保管していた伊能図も新政府に移譲された。
- After the Edo Bakufu collapsed by the Meiji Restoration, Ino map which had been kept by the Bakufu was transferred to the new government.
- 母は、久我通親(源通親)の養女(実は法勝寺執行法印能円の女)承明門院・源在子。
- His mother was Shomeimon-in MINAMOTO no Zaishi, an adopted daughter of Michichika KOGA. (MINAMOTO no Michichika) (In fact a daughter of a Hossho-ji Temple executive, the highest rank among Buddhist priests, Noen.)
- 豊受大神と名が似ている飯豊天皇は、その揺り返しの中で政務を執った可能性もある。
- It might have been under this movement that the Emperor Iitoyo, who has a similar name to the Toyouke no Okami, took the governance.
- その後も長く病に苦しんだが、一方で幼い頃から和歌の才能に優れていたといわれる。
- While she suffered from ailments long afterwards, she displayed a talent for poetry from an early age.
- 帰国の直前に能久親王は自らの婚約をドイツの新聞等に発表したため大問題となった。
- Just before the departure for Japan, Prince Yoshihisa announced his engagement in German newspapers and so on and it became a big problem.
- しかし、本能寺の変で信長が討たれると、森長可は海津城を捨て本領地に逃げ帰った。
- However, when Nobunaga was killed in the Honnoji Incident, Nagayoshi MORI abandoned Kaizu-jo Castle, and fled back to his territory.
- 家継が討ち取られて梟首され、侍大将の富田家助・家能・家清入道らが討ち取られた。
- Ietsugu was defeated and his head put on public display, while TOMITA no Iesuke, Ieyoshi and Iekiyo Nyudo, who were Samurai Daishos (commander of warriors), were defeated and killed.
- この船が再び元へ回航する際に、関東大仏造営料唐船として指定された可能性がある。
- When the ship returned to Yuan, it may have been designated as Kanto-daibutsu zoeiryotosen.
- 守護の政治的権限の拡大とともに政庁所在地としての機能が国衙より移されていった。
- With the expansion of political power of Shugo, the functions of Kokuga (provincial government offices) were shifted to Shugosho.
- その後、能勢の地は秀吉に降伏した島津氏に在京賄料として与えられることとなった。
- After that, for traveling and living cost in Kyoto the land of Nose was given to the Shimazu clan, who had surrendered to Hideyoshi
- 兼実や義満も彼らのそうした高い能力を評価したからこそ、その昇進を援けたのである。
- Kanezane and Yoshimitsu supported the promotion of Yasuchika and Ariyo because of the value of their high performance.
- 明治維新後には、幕末からの功績を認められて忠能は侯爵に叙せられ、神祇官を務めた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, his achievements since the end of the Edo Period was appreciated and the peerage of count was conferred on Tadayasu and he served as Jingikan (department of worship).
- 二上山は死火山で、今後、噴火可能性はなく、地図で火山として分類されることはない。
- As Mt. Nijo is an extinct volcano, there is no possibility of an eruption in the future so that it is not classified as a volcano on a map.
- この反駁との関係では、毛利氏が本能寺の変を知っていたかどうかについて異説がある。
- With respect to this refutation, there is a heresy regarding whether or not the Mori clan knew about Honnoji Incident.
- 冬期は積雪状況によって広河原能見町から久多宮の町の間は通行止めとなる場合がある。
- In the winter, it sometimes happens that traffic is closed between Hirogawara Nomi-cho and Kuta Miyano-cho, depending on the amount of snow accumulated.
- しかし伊能図の原本は、明治6年(1873年)の皇居の大火災の際に焼失してしまう。
- However, the original of Ino map was burned down at the time of a huge fire at the Imperial Palace in 1873.
- 一方、須恵器系統からは、能登国において珠洲焼がやはり12世紀前半にはあらわれた。
- Meanwhile, Suzu-yaki Ware was derived from sueki (unglazed ware) in Noto Province in the first half of the 12th century.
- 作者付としては前述の『能本作者註文』系の諸本とは大きく食い違う説を掲載している。
- As sakushazuke, its content widely differs from those of the previously described 'Nohon Sakusha Chumon' related books.
- 以下、まず古典的「開発領主」武士起源論と近年流行の「職能」武士起源論を記述する。
- First, the classical theory on the origin of bushi by 'kaihatsu-ryoshu' (local notables who actually developed the land) will be described below, followed by the recently popular theory on the origin of bushi by 'samurai function.'
- 一部「久美浜温泉」との表記もあり、久美浜シーサイド温泉との誤認防止の可能性もある。
- Some describe it as 'Kumihama hot spring,' possibly for the purpose of not being mistaken for Kumihama Seaside Onsen Hot Spring.
- 山頂へのアクセスは山焼き前、新芽時期を除き可能(奈良奥山ドライブウェイに要確認)。
- The access to the mountain top is possible at any time, excluding before the mountain burning, and sprouting time (inquiry to Nara Okuyama Toll Road is needed).
- ドライプウェイも夏季は午前3時から通行可能で、ご来光を見る人のニーズに応えている。
- In the summer, the highway is available from 3 a.m., meeting the needs of climbers who come to pray to the rising sun.
- 教育機関としての機能だけでなく、役所・警察・消防・保健所等の機能も併せ持っていた。
- They not only functioned as educational institutions but also as government offices, police stations, fire departments, healthcare centers and so on.
- 峠への登り口には「大型車通行困難」の標識があり、大型車の通行は事実上不可能である。
- As a road sign saying 'Hardly Passable by Large Vehicles' is placed at the approach of the pass, large-sized vehicles practically cannot drive the pass.
- 福井県の最西端に位置し、吉坂峠と共に若狭の自然の要塞として機能してきた歴史がある。
- It is the westernmost of Fukui Prefecture and for a long time it had served as a natural fortress in Wakasa area as well as Kissaka-toge Pass.
- 伝承が混乱しているのか、或いは記紀の編集者が意図的に系図に手を加えた可能性が強い。
- Maybe the oral literature from this historical period was confused; or it is very possible that the editors of the 'A Record of Ancient Matter' and 'Chronicles of Japan' intentionally forged the contents of the genealogical charts of the Emperors.
- 初代恒久王は、能久親王の第1王子(庶長子)として、1882年(明治15年)に誕生。
- The first Prince Tsunehisa was born as the first prince (the eldest child born out of wedlock) of Imperial Prince Yoshihisa in 1882.
- 『日本書紀』では丹波道主王、丹波道主命、『古事記』では旦波比古多多須美知能宇斯王。
- According to the Nihonshoki, his name was written as 丹波道主王 and 丹波道主命, while in Kojiki, he was refer to as Tanbanohiko tatasumichinoushinoo (旦波比古多多須美知能宇斯王).
- その後、宇多天皇・源能有の側近として重用され、東大寺俗別当・弁官・弁官を歴任する。
- Afterwards, he was trusted by Emperor Uda and MINAMOTO no Yoshiari and promoted to a close aide of them, and he also held various positions including the Zokubetto (the non-priest administrator) of Todai-ji Temple, the Uchuben (Middle Controller of the Right of the Department of State), and the Sachuben (Middle Controller of the Left of the Department of State).
- 本丸部分で発掘された遺構は、礎石の規模や配列から推察して、邸宅遺構の可能性が強い。
- There is a strong possibility that, inferring from the scale and placement of the foundation stones, the remnant excavated in the hon maru (the keep of a castle) area is a residential remnant.
- この命令以降、村上水軍の能島氏は毛利氏の家臣となって毛利水軍を率いることになった。
- After these commands the Nojima clan of Murakami suigun navy became the vassals of the Mori clan and came to lead the Mori suigun navy.
- 通説では和気氏の大学別曹として機能したとされている(後述)が、早い時期に断絶した。
- It was commonly accepted that Kobunin played the role of daigaku besso (adjunct facility of daigaku-ryo - Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) of the Wake clan (mentioned later), but became defunct before long.
- また木戸は能力を重視して大隈とともに旧幕臣の郷純造や渋沢栄一らを新政府に登用した。
- Also, Kido empahasized the ability of individuals and appointed, along with Okuma, a former retainer of shogun Junzo GO and Eiichi SHIBUSAWA to posts within the new government.
- そこより(本能寺の)内へ入りましたが、門は開いていて鼠ほどのものもいませんでした。
- We entered inside (the premises of the Honno-ji Temple) across the bridge; the gate was open and not even a mouse was to be seen.
- 7. 宋代から清代までの中国や北方民族国家で、首都や副都として機能した大都市の副称。
- 7. During the Song to Qing Dynasties, sub titles for major cities functioned as capitals or sub capitals in China and Northern national countries.
- 初代藤原行成から17代を数えるが、世尊寺の家名で知られるのは世尊寺行能以後とされる。
- From its establishment by FUJIWARA no Yukinari, the Sesonji family lasted 17 generations, but it was not until the generation of Yukiyoshi SESONJI that the family name of Sesonji became well known.
- 歴代は多く三位、非参議であったが、三室戸光村は参議に、三室戸能光は大納言に昇進した。
- The head of the Mimurodo family was promoted to Sanmi, Hisangi for many generations, except for Mitsumura MIMURODO who was promoted to Sangi and Yasumitsu MIMURODO who was promoted to Major Counselor.
- すると「本能寺は軍勢に囲まれており、紋は桔梗(明智光秀の家紋)である」と報告された。
- Then, he received a report 'The Honno-ji Temple is surrounded by a troop and the crest is kikyo (Chinese bellflower) (Mitsuhide's family crest).'
- 明治時代の町村合併により、田能村・中畑村・出灰村・杉生村が合併し、樫田村が発足した。
- Tano Village, Nakahata Village, Izuriha Village and Sugio Village were merged into Kashida Village by the municipal merger in the Meiji period.
- 一方/Q/は「つ」「ツ」と表記されるが、後続する閉鎖音・摩擦音の複製として機能する。
- On the other hand,/Q/ is represented by a small 'tsu' and functions as reproduction of plosives and affricate consonants which follow it.
- このことからアルビノ(先天性白皮症・先天性色素欠乏症)であった可能性があるとされる。
- Therefore, Emperor Seinei may possibly have been an albino (suffering from congenital leukopathia or congenital achromia).
- 信蕃は本能寺の変後、空白地帯となった信濃・甲斐に家康を手引きし、その占領に貢献した。
- Nobushige provided assistance to help Ieyasu conquer Shinano and Kai Provinces, which had been left without a territorial governor after the Honnoji Incident.
- その反面、さらなる元寇の可能性を根拠として、御家人らへの恩賞給与は僅かにとどまった。
- On the other hand, the provision of onsho to gokenin remained low due to the possibility of further Mongol invasion.
- 一方、実際に製品を製造販売している大手企業は、それに関する効能効果は表現していない。
- On the other hand, major companies that actually manufacture and market Benifuki tea products have not demonstrated effectiveness or efficacy against pollinosis.
- 神祇信仰の論理性の強化は、仏教側からの侵食に対抗し、これと共生することを可能とした。
- Because of the consolidation of the logicalness, Jingi belief was able to confront the invasion of Buddhism and symbioses with.
- 善戦するも鹿児島市市街の一部が焼失し、薩摩藩もまた攘夷の不可能性を悟ることとなった。
- The Satsuma clan fought well but they lost a part of the city, and found expelling foreigners nearly impossible.
- 大量の情報を分りやすい形で一覧可能となるように箇条書などの方法が取り入れられている。
- A method of itemization is used so that a lot of information can be searched through at a glance.
- 本能寺の変(天正9年・1582)→山崎の戦:明智光秀の謀反も俗に言う三日天下で終わる。
- The Honnoji Incident (1582)=>the Battle of Yamazaki: treason by Mitsuhide AKECHI ended in a relatively short-lived rule.
- そのため、藤原北家(摂関家)が天皇家の統治権を代行することが可能となったと考えられる。
- Because of that, it is thought that it was possible for the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan (Sekkanke, or line of regents and advisers) to act as supreme power in place of the Imperial Family.
- 能有の兄弟の多くがこれと同様の道をたどり、その子孫は後世文徳源氏と呼ばれることになる。
- Most of Yoshiari's brothers walked the same road and their descendants were called Montoku-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 幕府に提出された伊能図は、江戸城紅葉山文庫に秘蔵され、一般の目に触れることはなかった。
- Ino map submitted to Bakufu was secretly kept in Momijiyama Library in the Edo-jo Castle and never disclosed to the public.
- その場合、宮山古墳より少し前に造られた馬見古墳群主な古墳が武内宿禰の墓の可能性が高い。
- If that is the case, Suyama Tomb, the main tomb of Umami Burial Mounds, which was constructed a little before Miyayama Tomb, has a high possibility of being TAKEUCHI no Sukune's tomb.
- もっとも今出川家の取次役をしていた時期には十分な活動が行われていなかった可能性がある。
- In reality, it is possible that he did not do many of his duties while he was working as a Toritsugiyaku (gentleman-usher between the Bakufu and Court) of the Imadegawa family.
- 家職(かしょく)とは、家によって世襲された職務や職能、官職(及びその昇進次第)を指す。
- Kashoku was a hereditary job or position or official post (and progression pass).
- 逆に言えば才覚が認められれば、下級官人や庶民の子弟でも文章生になることも可能であった。
- To put it differently, if they were recognized as capable, even sons of lower-ranking government officials or common people were able to become monjosho.
- そのように暦を作成して極秘に調整した(日食や夏至・冬至の予定が狂う可能性が高くなる)。
- Thus they manipulated the calendar in secret (which raised the possibility that solar eclipses and summer and winter solstices would not occur according to the forecasts).
- 室町時代、色々な機能をもっていた寝殿造り建築は独立した建物で構成するようになってきた。
- The architecture of shinden zukuri, which had many functions, began to take on the form of an independent building.
- 2003年3月 独立行政法人雇用・能力開発機構が進めていた「私のしごと館」が完成・開館。
- March, 2003: The construction of the Vocational Museum promoted by Employment and Human Resources Development Organization of Japan was completed and opened.
- また土地の私有が可能になると、小川荘や桑田荘・矢田荘および加舎荘などの荘園が開発された。
- Manors such as the Ogawa-sho, the Kuwada-sho, the Yada-sho and the Kaya-sho were built after private ownership of land was introduced.
- 本能寺の変に対し羽柴秀吉は逸早く京に駆け付け首謀者である明智光秀を破った(山崎の戦い)。
- Upon the occurrence of the Honnoji Incident, Hideyoshi HASHIBA arrived in Kyoto before anyone else and defeated the leader, Mitsuhide AKECHI, in the Battle of Yamazaki.
- 古今伝授伝承者に名を連ねる和歌の名手で、能書家でもあり、短冊などの遺墨は、たいへん貴重。
- He was a talented poet of Waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) who was one of the popular poets of oral tradition in the Kokindenju, he was also known to be good with a brush and an very rare example of his calligraphy in black paint exists in Tanzaku (a long sheet on which Waka poems are written).
- 北白川宮能久親王、華頂宮博経親王、小松宮彰仁親王、閑院宮載仁親王、東伏見宮依仁親王の兄。
- An elder brother of Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa, Imperial Prince Kachonomiya Hirotsune, Imperial Prince Komatsunomiya Akihito, Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Kotohito, and Imperial Prince Higashifushiminomiya Yorihito.
- 『日本三代実録』の死亡記事には「他に才能無し」と記されており、凡庸な人物であったようだ。
- According to the article of death in 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts), he had no other remarkable talent: he was a mediocre person.
- 官戸中技能をそなえ少府・太常寺に上番するものを工戸・楽戸(工楽)と呼んで特別扱いとした。
- Those guanhu who developed their skills and were promoted to Minister Steward (Shaofu) of the Court of Sacrificial Worship were called 'gonghu' or 'lehu' (gongle) and received special treatment.
- 『いろは作者註文』は、いろは順に能の曲名を並べた一覧(名寄)に、作者名を注記した作者付。
- 'Iroha Sakusha Chumon' is sakushazuke that lists the names of noh songs according to the ordering of Japanese phonetic kana with annotations of the names of the writers.
- この「文 久 永 寳(宝)」の文字には三種類のものがあり、それぞれ能筆の幕閣が担当した。
- Three writing styles were used to engrave '文 久 永 寳 (or 宝)' and each writing was created by a cabinet official who was a skilled calligrapher.
- 将来の国有化の可能性をにおわせながら、実際は予定線の民間による建設を容認するなどとした。
- Hinting the possibility of nationalization in the future, in fact, the act allowed the construction of planned lines by private sectors.
- また、能勢の領地は累代の居城であった丸山城を廃して地黄陣屋を置き幕末に至るまで統治した。
- Also, Maruyama-jo Castle, that had been a residential castle for the Nose clan for generations, was replaced with Jio jinya (residence for small clans) in the territory in Nose, which continued to be ruled by the Nose clan until the end of Edo period.
- ここで訴訟や政治問題などの処理が行われるとともに、院文殿に記録所の機能が兼ね揃えられた。
- Lawsuits and political issues were processed at the venue, and the venue also served as Kirokujo (Land Record Office) of the in-no-fu-dono.
- 逆に最高位の地位を占めるという要件を満たせば庶流でも氏長者に就く可能性もあったのである。
- However, even a clan member from a branch family had a chance to become ujinochoja as long as he held the highest rank.
- 子孫の一人である吉見頼行は能登吉見氏の庶家で、石見鹿足郡の地頭職を得て下向したものである。
- One of the descendants, Yoriyuki YOSHIMI was from a branch family of the Noto-Yoshimi clan and left the capital when he was appointed as a Jitoshiki (manager and lord of an estate) of Kanoashi District, Iwami Province.
- 8代菊池隆能は承久の乱において後鳥羽上皇方に組したため、北条義時によって所領を減じられた。
- The eighth head, Takayoshi KIKUCHI was reduced his territory by Yoshitoki HOJO, since he supported the Retired Emperor Gotoba side in the Jokyu War.
- 細川家の手によって舞鶴は開発され、本能寺の変後も細川家の所領は安堵され、そのまま統治した。
- The Hosokawa family carried out development of Maizuru, and continued to govern the territory after the Honnoji Incident.
- 奈良時代に、遣唐使や渤海使が出航し、江戸時代以降も重要な港として、能登文化の中心になった。
- Japanese envoys left from this port for Tang Dynasty and Bohai Kingdom in the Nara period, and the port remained to play an important role as a center of Noto culture after the Edo period.
- 以前は一般車も通行が可能だったが、現在は一般車両通行禁止(徒歩では通行可能)となっている。
- Regular vehicles could also enter the mountain before, however they are restricted now (pedestrians are allowed to enter).
- 平安京造営時に朱雀大路を延長した鳥羽作道も作られ、鳥羽は平安京の外港としての機能を持った。
- When Heian kyo was constructed, Toba no Tsukurimichi (Toba New Road) an extension of Suzaku Oji, was built, and Toba also functioned as the outer port of Heian kyo.
- そのまま伊勢国に入るが、能褒野(のぼの、三重県亀山市)で病篤くなり崩御した(景行43年)。
- Although he entered Ise Province with that poor physical condition, he became seriously ill and died at Nobono (Kameyama City, Mie Prefecture) in 113.
- 公式には病死と伝えられているが、実際は逃亡の時に危害を加えられた結果であった可能性が高い。
- Officially it is said that Emperor Junnin was died of sickness; actually, however, it is highly possible that he was died of wounds received when he escaped.
- 公地公民制が機能していた時代には、国衙を含めた官司が司法・行政の権限を独占的に有していた。
- In the time when the system of the ownership of all lands and serfs by the emperor was functioning, government officials including kokuga (provincial government offices) exclusively owned judicial and administrative authorities.
- 天正10年の本能寺の変において、織田家当主織田信長は京都で家臣の明智光秀によって討たれた。
- In the Honnoji Incident of 1582, the head of the Oda family, Nobunaga ODA was killed by his samurai general Mitsuhide AKECHI in Kyoto.
- 藤原時平は延喜2年(902年)に荘園整理令を発するが効果はなく、班田制は機能不全に陥った。
- In 902, FUJIWARA no Tokihira put into effect the Manor Regulation Acts without success, resulting in a dysfunctional handen-sei (Ritsuryo land-allotment system).
- 義稙方の将としては、主将である細川高国と大内義興の他、能登畠山氏の畠山義元が中核であった。
- As core busho on Yoshitane's side, there were Captain Takakuni HOSOKAWA, OUCHI Yoshioki, and Yoshimoto HATAKEYAMA of Noto Province.
- なお、この時期に建仁寺の禅僧雪村友梅が入元しているが、この唐船と関連していた可能性もある。
- At that time, Sesson Yubai, a Zen priest of Kennin-ji Temple entered Yuan, which may have related to this Tosen.
- このことから、綱司となった商人も中国人であったり、商船の建造が中国で行われた可能性もある。
- This shows the possibility that a merchant who became the Goji were from China or that the trading ship had been built in China.
- だが歴史上において「目録」の用例を細かく分類した場合、以下のように分けることが可能である。
- However, mokuroku can be categorized as follows based on historical examples.
- 更に武術・芸能など目には見えない技術を伝授する際にもその内容をまとめた文書を目録と呼んだ。
- Documents which compiled information on martial art techniques and techniques used in the arts were also called mokuroku.
- 同朋衆の能力は、会所においては、飾りつけの分野で発揮された(唐物の展示場として、で詳述)。
- The power of Doboshu was carried out in the field of decoration in karamono concerning Kaisho (as the place of exhibition of Karamono (Chinese items) and will be explained in detail).
- しかし、信長が本能寺の変により滅ぼされると、天下統一事業は豊臣秀吉が継承することとなった。
- However, after Nobunaga was killed in the Honnoji Incident, the job of unifying the control of Japan was inherited by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 藤原氏は子女を入内させると天皇の歓心を得るために有能な女性を選抜し、女房として近侍させた。
- Once their daughters entered the Imperial Family, the Fujiwara clan selected capable women and put them beside the emperor as female personal assistants to gain the emperor's favor.
- 三代水野守隆は本能寺の変の際に明智方とみられ、のち隠遁、慶長3年(1598年)京都で没した。
- The third, Moritaka MIZUNO, is thought to have been on Akechi's side during the Honnoji Incident and died in 1598 in Kyoto after retirement.
- 江戸時代にいたり、大納言岩倉具堯の四男大納言千種有能が、分家して千種を称して家名を再興した。
- At the early times of the Edo period, Ariyoshi CHIGUSA, the Dainagon (chief councilor of state) and the fourth son of Tomotaka IWAKURA, branched off his family and restored the Chigusa family by calling himself Chigusa.
- 朝廷が行政能力をもっていないため、引き続き旧幕府が新政府下の実質的な政権を担う予定であった。
- The former Shogunate was to continue to take hold of the government even under the new government, for the Imperial Court did not have any administrative functions.
- 家康はうろたえ、一時は京に行き本能寺で信長に殉じるとまで言ったが、家臣に説得され帰国を図る。
- Ieyasu got flustered and said that he would go to Kyoto and follow Nobunaga to the grave in Honno-ji Temple, but he was convinced by his vassals and tried to go back to his territory.
- この段階では皇族の臣籍降下は、推奨されてはいるものの、まだ“可能性”の段階にとどまっていた。
- Demotion from nobility to subject was recommended, however, this was just a possible option for an Imperial member, it was not a definite option.
- また、栄仁親王は、琵琶、笙、和歌など諸芸能に堪能で、伏見宮家が楽道を家業とする起源を作った。
- He had many talents in art such as Biwa (a four-stringed Japanese lute), a sho (a wind instrument composed of a mouthpiece and seventeen bamboo pipes of various lengths), waka poems, and established the origin for the Fushiminomiyha family to start music as their family business.
- 皇族出身の軍人・参謀では出色の才能を持ち、軍首脳部を動かして、1万人の将兵の撤退に尽力した。
- He had a remarkable talent for a military man and staff officer from the Imperial family, he motivated top military leadership and endeavored to have some 10,000 soldiers evacuated.
- 棚田では、その排水能力の高さから、ワサビなどの付加価値の高い商品作物を栽培している例も多い。
- In many cases, high-value added commercial crops such as wasabi (Japanese horseradish) are grown in Tanada, due to its high drainage capacity.
- そのため非公認の荘園への課税を可能にするため、荘園の公認化と領域を統合する一円化が行われた。
- To enable taxation with respect to accredited shoen, accreditation of shoen and unification of territories were carried out.
- 養和元年(1181年)7月後半頃、加賀・能登で反乱の動きが起こり、それは越前国へと波及した。
- In the latter half of September 1181, a rebellion broke out in Kaga and Noto, and spread to Echizen Province.
- 上記のように、京都が義仲の軍事制圧下にある状況で義仲の功績を全て否定することは不可能だった。
- As stated above, it was impossible then to completely negate Yoshinaka's achievements when Kyoto was under the control of Yoshinaka's force.
- 武田家壊滅後の川中島は織田の家臣森長可によって支配されたが本能寺の変で後ろ盾を失い撤退する。
- After the Takeda family was annihilated, Kawanakajima was controlled by Nagayoshi MORI, a retainer of the Oda family, but losing Oda's support after the Honnoji Incident, he retreated from there.
- 作者付(さくしゃづけ)とは、能の曲目に関して、各作品の作者が誰であるかを列記した書物である。
- A sakushazuke is a book which lists the writers of noh plays.
- しかし明智光秀による本能寺の変により信長が死んだ事により、三好康長は畿内に帰り危機は去った。
- However, the crisis passed away when Nobunaga ODA was killed by Mitsuhide AKECHI in the Honno-ji Incident and Yasunaga MIYOSHI left for Kinai region.
- 元禄11年(1698年)、勝岑の名跡を継ぐことを許され能登国羽咋郡西谷藩に1万石を与えられる。
- In 1698, he was allowed to adopt the family name of Katsumine and was given 10,000 koku in Nishiyachi Domain in Hakui County, Noto Province.
- 分家に千種家(具堯の二男千種有能にはじまる)や植松家(千種有能の子植松雅永にはじまる)がある。
- The branches of the Iwakura family are the Chigusa family (founded by Arishige CHIGUSA, the second son of Tomotaka IWAKURA) and the Uematsu family (founded by Masanaga UEMATSU, the son of Arishige CHIGUSA).
- これは中山忠能夫人が松浦家の出身であり、明治天皇の外戚に当たることが考慮されたと見られている。
- It is considered that this measure was taken because the wife of Tadayasu NAKAYAMA, a maternal relative of Emperor Meiji, came from the Matsuura family.
- 場内には釣り堀や料理店があり、釣り堀で釣った鱒を料理店に持ち込んで、調理してもらうことも可能。
- There are fishing pond and restaurant which offers visitors the service of cooking trout fished at the pond for eating in the premises.
- ただし、焚場の一部は道路整備事業により破壊される可能性がある(鞆の浦埋立て架橋計画問題参照)。
- Note that a road construction and improvement project may demolish a part of the tadeba (see an article of Issues regarding Tomonoura Reclamation and Bridge Formation Plan).
- なお、この登山道は滋賀県道268号伊吹山上野線に指定されているが自動車通行は当然不可能である。
- This climbing trail is designated as Shiga prefectural road 268, Ibukiyama Ueno route, but automotive traffic is of course impossible.
- 平氏一門からは宗盛・知盛・重衡らが、院近臣からは源資賢・藤原光能・平康頼・西光などが供奉した。
- Munemori, Tomomori, and Shigehira accompanied the Emperor and Shigeko from the Taira clan, MINAMOTO no Sukekata, FUJIWARA no Mitsuyoshi, TAIRA no Yasuyori, and Saiko accompanied from the In Kinshin (trusted vassal).
- ちなみに本能寺の変に関する一説として朝廷関与説が浮上するのも、このような事情によるものである。
- Due to the above situation, there is a theory that the Imperial Court was involved in the Honno-ji Incident (the Raid on the Honno-ji Temple).
- 上記のデーモン小暮閣下の件でも判るように、今上天皇は芸能音楽やスポーツ界の事情にも通じている。
- As shown in the above-mentioned Mr. Demon Kogure's episode, the present Emperor knows a lot about public entertainments and popular music and the sports.
- 竹田宮(たけだのみや)は、明治後期に北白川宮能久親王の王子、竹田宮恒久王が創設した宮家である。
- Takedanomiya is a Miyake (family allowed to have the status of Imperial family) created by Takedanomiya Prince Tsunehisa, who was a prince of Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa, in the late Meiji period.
- 収穫不可な「損田」と収穫可能な「得田」に分類して在地における見込み租税額などを算定・記載した。
- In it, they divided the fields between 'sonden' (damaged fields) from which harvest could not be expected and 'tokuden' (productive fields) from which harvest could be expected, and calculated and recorded the expected amount of tax to be imposed on the local area.
- 三沢為虎はその能力を買われており、追放されなかっただけ三刀屋氏よりはましであったかもしれない。
- Tametora MISAWA might have suffered less than the Mitoya clan only because he was not exiled due to his talent being appreciated by Mori clan.
- 天正10年(1582年)6月2日 (旧暦)、織田信長が明智光秀によって討たれた(本能寺の変)。
- On June 2, 1582, Nobunaga ODA was killed by Mitsuhide AKECHI (the Honnoji Incident).
- 明人との交友があることから篆刻を学び自ら刻した可能性もあり、日本篆刻の先駆者のひとりとできる。
- It can be said that he was one of the pioneers of tenkoku in Japan because he had friends from Ming, and it is possible that he learned the tenkoku and engraved his own.
- 現在の京都府中部と兵庫県東辺の一部、および大阪府高槻市の一部・大阪府豊能郡豊能町の一部にあたる。
- It covered the middle part of the present Kyoto prefecture, the east end of the present Hyogo prefecture, part of the present Takatsuki city in Osaka prefecture, and part of Toyono town, Toyono District in Osaka prefecture.
- 他にも勧修寺流藤原氏が同様の家柄であったとされ、天皇家や摂関家などにも同様の機能が存在していた。
- In addition to these examples, the Kajuji line of the Fujiwara clan is thought to have come from the same high pedigree as them, and the same feature of diary-writing appears in the Imperial House as well as in the Sekkanke (the house of regents and advisors).
- しかし明治時代以降は肝心の首都機能を消失していることも確かで、首都に関する議論を複雑にしている。
- However, it is also true that Kyoto lost its function as a capital after the Meiji period, and the arguments regarding its status as a capital are complicated.
- 巨椋池は、その周辺の洪水調整機能を引き受けたため、洪水時には湖岸約数千haが長期に渡り浸水した。
- Since Ogura-ike Pond assumed flood control function in the vicinity, approximately several thousand hectares of lakefront was flooded over a long period during a flood.
- 冬季通行止めにならない路線上にあるので積雪時にも通行は可能だが、雪により道幅は狭まることはある。
- The road is not snowbound as it is on the route which isn't blocked in winter, the width sometimes become narrower by snow.
- 車両での通行は可能であるが、峠前後は1.0から1.3車線程度の国道とは思えないほどの狭路が続く。
- Although vehicles can run through it, the road keeps narrow as 1.0 to 1.3 lanes in width ahead and behind the pass, hard to imagine it is a national route.
- 歌集『順徳院歌集』を出すなど歌の才能に長けていたと言われており、小倉百人一首にも採録されている。
- It is said that he was a talented poet and edited the anthology of poems, 'The collected tanka poems of Juntoku-in,' his poems were also left in the One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets.
- 能久親王、成久王、永久王と3代続けて不幸が続いたことから、北白川宮家は「悲劇の宮家」と言われた。
- Because misfortunes visited the three generations successively from Imperial Prince Yoshihisa to Prince Naruhisa and to Prince Naruhisa, the Kitashirakawanomiya family was called 'tragic Miyake (house of an imperial prince)'.
- ついで奏任官以上の総代として太政大臣三条実美が、華族総代として従一位中山忠能がそれぞれ奉答した。
- Then, the Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister) Sanetomi SANJO as the representative of the officers originally selected as candidates by the Prime Minister or higher rank people, and Juichii (Junior First Rank) Tadayasu NAKAYAMA as the representative of the peerage, replied to the Emperor.
- そして1577年、上杉謙信の能登国・加賀国侵攻に呼応して、再び謀反を起こし信貴山城に立て籠もる。
- In 1577, in response to Kenshin UESUGI's invasion of Noto-no-kuni and Kaga-no-kuni, Hisahide raised a rebellion again and was shut up within Shigisan Castle.
- 大納言・中山忠能(1809-1888)の次女で、母は平戸藩主・松浦清(靜山)の十一女・中山愛子。
- She was the second daughter of Dainagon (chief councilor of state) Tadayasu NAKAYAMA (1809-1888) and her mother was Aiko NAKAYAMA, the eleventh daughter of Kiyoshi (Seizan) MATSURA, the lord of the Hirado Domain.
- これは反対に当時の村内部で重層的な階層が形成されていたことを示していると考えることも可能である。
- In other words, it can be said that multilayered classes were formed within a village in those days.
- 武士は社会的な身分であるのと同時に、武芸という芸能を家業とする職業的な身分であるとも規定できる。
- The bushi can also be defined as a professional status whose family business was the public entertainment of military art as well as social status.
- それから、国衙機能を取り込んでいき、守護大名へと成長して、守護領国制と呼ばれる支配体制を築いた。
- Then Shugo took over the functions of Kokuga, grew into Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) and established the control system called the Shugo-ryogoku system (Shugo-controlling province system).
- 河内国の畠山氏からの分家である能登畠山氏に、甲斐庄氏からも分家した一族が従っていたものと思われる。
- It is believed that this family branch of the Kainosho clan serve Noto Hatakeyama clan, also a branch family of Hatakeyama clan from Kawachi Province.
- さらに奥三河の作手村城主(奥平氏)の奥平貞能・奥平信昌父子も村上源氏と自称する赤松満則流と称した。
- Additionally, Sadayoshi OKUHIRA and his son Nobumasa, the lord of Tsukudemura-jo Castle (the Okuhira clan) in Okumikawa, claimed to be of the Mitsunori AKAMATSU line of the Murakami-Genji.
- なお、時忠の子時国の子孫を称する家が能登半島で豪農(上時国家、下時国家)となり、現在も続いている。
- In addition, families identifying themselves as descendants of Tokikuni, a son of Tokitada, became wealthy farmers in the Noto peninsula (the Kamitokikuni family and the Shimotokikuni family), and exist to this day.
- 翌2日未明、桂川 (淀川水系)を渡ったところで「敵は本能寺にあり」と宣言して、襲撃を明らかにした。
- The next day, on June 2 before dawn, when they crossed the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo river system), Mitsuhide declared, 'Our enemy is in the Honno-ji Temple,' making it clear that they would attack Nobunaga.
- 本能寺の変勃発時、織田家中の軍団長レベルの武将ならびに同盟者・徳川家康の動静は次のとおりであった。
- When the Honnoji Incident broke out, the whereabouts of the top level bushos (military commanders) under the Oda family and its ally Ieyasu TOKUGAWA were as described below.
- 西本願寺(西本願寺) - 黒書院及び伝廊(2棟)、書院(対面所及び白書院)、唐門、飛雲閣、北能舞台
- Nishi Hongwan-ji Temple (Nishi Hongwan-ji): Kuro-shoin and Denro (two buildings), Shoin (Taimensho (a reception hall) and Shiro-shoin), Karamon (Chinese gate), Hiunkaku Pavilion and Kita Noh-butai Stage
- “名奉行”をイメージさせる勝元の颯爽とした裁きと弾正の知能犯的悪人ぶりの対決がドラマの眼目である。
- The core of this drama is a confrontation between the justice briskly delivered by Katsumoto, imaged as 'Mei-bugyo' (excellent judge), and the smart evil represented by Danjo.
- しかし、棚田まで、あるいは棚田間に舗装された道路を通すことで、「小型」農業機械の導入は可能である。
- However, it is possible to introduce 'small' agricultural machines by building roads to or between rice terraces.
- これは同じ曹を管理する博士が試験官になった場合に不正が行われる可能性があったためと考えられている。
- The reason was that if the hakase, who supervise the so to which the monjosho belonged, was to be the examiner, wrongdoing might be conducted during the examination.
- 経学・歴史・音楽・書道・絵画に優れた才能を発揮して釈奠復興に努めるという優れた才能と実績を有した。
- Being a person who had an exceptional talent in keigaku (study of Keisho in Confucianism), music, history, calligraphy, and painting, he strived for the restoration of sekiten (ritual for Confucius) and achieved satisfactory results.
- 「魏志倭人伝」によると、卑弥呼は鬼道(卑弥呼)で衆を惑わしていたという(卑彌呼 事鬼道 能惑衆)。
- According to the 'Gishiwajinden' (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in 'The History of the Wei Dynasty'), Himiko confounded her people with magic.
- 玄室への埋葬終了後に羨道は閉塞石(積み石)や扉石でふさがれるが、それを空ければ追葬が可能であった。
- After an entombment, the passage is blocked by Heisokuishi (piled stones) or Tobiraishi (door stone), but added burial is possible when the block is removed.
- 1888年には従来の内乱鎮圧型の鎮台を改編し、6師団と近衛師団を創設して海外での戦闘能力を高めた。
- In 1888, the conventional garrison --the system effective for claiming domestic conflicts-- was reorganized with the creation of six divisions and Guard Divisions to increase the ability to fight abroad.
- 『能本作者註文』と同じ原資料などに基づいて作者名の注記が行われており、内容的にはその異本に当たる。
- This book has the writer names annotated based on the same original sources as those of 'Nohon Sakusha Chumon', but as for the content, it is an alternative version.
- 座(ざ)は、平安時代から戦国時代 (日本)まで存在した主に商工業者や芸能者による同業者組合のこと。
- The za, established mainly by merchants, manufacturers and entertainers, refers to the guilds that existed from the Heian period to the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
- 南北朝時代_(日本)にも継承されたが、院政の機能が室町幕府に吸収された14世紀末期には形骸化した。
- Although it was still held in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, hyojohajime of Insei became only a name at the end of the 14th century when the Muromachi bakufu took over the government function of Insei.
- しかし、同年に本能寺の変が起って信長が死んだため、後ろ盾を失った孫一は雑賀を逃亡し、豊臣秀吉を頼る。
- However, in the same year (1582) Nobunaga was killed in the Honnoji Incident, and Magoichi, who lost his backing, fled from Saiga, seeking refuge with Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 数々のロケーション撮影が行なわれたが、本能寺の変などを除くと亀岡が舞台となるのは異例のことであった。
- While many location shoots have been carried out in Kameoka City, it is unusual for Kameoka City itself to be the subject of films, excepting those about the Honnoji Incident.
- 本能寺の変に触れるドラマの中では、ヤスケが信長に殉じて討ち死にするという描かれ方をされることもある。
- In dramas in which the Honnoji Incident is mentioned, it is often described that Yasuke died in battle following his master, Nobunaga.
- 車両の通行が可能な峠であり、センターラインこそないが2.0車線はゆうにある広い道路を有する峠である。
- Vehicles can run through the pass which has the wide road with more than two lanes wide, with no centerline.
- 羽黒町では、人々の面倒をよく見て、人々の多くの苦悩を取り除いた事から、能除大師と呼ばれる様になった。
- He started to be called the Nojo Daishi because he looked after the people of Haguro town well and removed distress from many of the people.
- また国友一貫斎(藤兵衛重恭)は「気砲」と呼ばれる蓄気ボンベ式の空気銃や高性能望遠鏡の開発で知られる。
- Ikkansai KUNITOMO (Tobeshigeyuki) was known for the development of high power telescopes and a compressed gas cylinder air gun called a 'kiho.'
- ただし、これは当該の国司の個人裁量によるものであったから、国司が交代すると無効になる可能性があった。
- Since kokushi gave such treatment entirely at his discretion, that exemption could be cancelled by a newly assigned kokushi.
- 作者付には多数の能本の作者がひとまとめに明記されており、能作者の考定においては大変重要な資料となる。
- The fact that authors of many noh scripts were detailed in sakushazuke all together means that they are important resources for the clarification of noh writers.
- また舞鶴海軍工廠では艦船を中心に蛟龍などの特殊兵器も生産するなど軍需生産拠点としても機能強化が図られ、
- Further, the Maizuru Navy Arsenal's function as a weapon's arsenal was enhanced, producing many weapons/arms (mainly naval vessels) which included special purpose weapons such as the Koryu.
- 国道429号が通っているが、すれ違い不能の狭路と見通しの悪いつづら折れのため通行はきわめて困難である。
- National Route 429 running through the pass is blind winding road which is so narrow that vehicles hardly go by each other and that makes the traffic extremely difficult to go through.
- 皇后・女院という女性の最高位には昇ったものの、泰子の年齢を考えると皇子女出産は不可能に近いことだった。
- It was almost impossible for her to have a Prince or a Princess at her age although she obtained a high rank as a woman, such as Empress and Nyoin.
- 滋子は後白河が不在の折には、除目や政事について奏聞を受けるなど家長の代行機能の役目も果たすことになる。
- Shigeko had to work temporarily as the head of the Imperial Family while Emperor Goshirakawa was away from the Palace, she had to receive and hear people concerning Jimoku (a ceremony for the nomination of officials) or other political matters.
- 日本車の性能も格段に向上し、日本最大の自動車会社であるトヨタ自動車の最高級車センチュリーが採用された。
- Since Japanese cars dramatically improved in performance, Japanese largest automobile company, TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION's best car, Century was adopted.
- また『寛平御遺誡』には右大臣源能有の死による強い衝撃について書かれており、退位と結びつける見方もある。
- Emperor Uda mentioned in 'Kampyo-Goyuikai'/'Kampyo-no-Goyuikai (a group of precepts for governing)' that he was greatly shocked by the death of Udaijin, MINAMOTO no Yoshiari, which could have been one of the reasons he left the throne.
- 先進国は少ないコストで削減が可能となり、途上国は技術や資金の供与といった対価が望めるなどの効果がある。
- Developed countries can reduce the amount at a low cost and developing countries can get the provision of technology and money as a counter value.
- 幕府では向井氏、長州藩では能島氏、尾張藩では千賀氏のようにかつての海賊衆の末裔たちが世襲して維持した。
- The suigun navies were succeeded and maintained in the bakufu by Mukai clan, in Choshu domain by the Noshima clan and in Owari domain by the Senga clan, who were all the descendants of kaizoku shu.
- しかし、この月に上杉重能と畠山直宗が配流先で師直の配下に暗殺されたことから、両者の緊張は再び高まった。
- However, during December, Shigeyoshi UESUGI and Naomune HATAKEYAMA were killed while under Moronao's custody, leading to tension between the two groups again.
- 近鉄新田辺駅とJR京田辺駅は京田辺市街の中心、松井山手駅は京阪東ローズタウンの中心駅として機能している。
- Kintetsu Shintanabe and JR Kyoutanabe Stations function as the center of Kyoutanabe City's downtown, while Matsui Yamate Station is at the heart of Keihan East Rose Town.
- 政情不安で機能停止した京都の陰陽寮に代わって幸徳井家による独自の暦(幸徳井暦)が編纂されたこともあった。
- There was a time when the KOTOKUI-reki Calendar was utilized instead of the one created by the Onmyoryo of Kyoto since the Onmyoryo calendar fell out of favor as the political situation of the time grew unsteady.
- また、京都府内のみならず、大阪府北東部や滋賀県南部および奈良県北部への新幹線の玄関口としての機能も持つ。
- Moreover, Kyoto Station is the Shinkansen's gateway not only to places within Kyoto Prefecture but also to the northeastern part of Osaka Prefecture, the southern part of Shiga Prefecture and the northern part of Nara Prefecture.
- しかし、天下統一を目前に本能寺の変で信長が討たれると内部分裂、有力家臣豊臣秀吉の台頭などで家勢は衰えた。
- When Nobunaga was killed in the Honnoji Incident immediately before unification of the whole country, the clan fractionalized internally and the family's vigor decreased as a powerful vassal Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI appeared.
- そこで和氏は上杉重能とともに後醍醐天皇に帰順を願う使者の役割を果たし、京都の六波羅探題攻撃にも加わった。
- Kazuuji, with Shigeyoshi UESUGI, played the role of envoys requesting for the Emperor Godaigo to return to the allegiance, and also he joined to attack on Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) in Kyoto.
- 平安京(京都)は、関東地方を基盤とする鎌倉幕府や江戸幕府の成立によって行政府としての機能を次第に失った。
- Heian-kyo (Kyoto) gradually lost its function as government administrator, by the formation of the Kamakura bakufu or Edo bakufu based in the Kanto Region.
- また、土舞台(現桜井公園)は日本芸能発祥の地と言われ、“万葉のあけぼのの地”などと呼称されることもある。
- Tsuchibutai (present-day, Sakurai park) is said to be the birthplace of public entertainment and is sometimes called 'Manyo no akebono no chi' (place of the dawn of Manyo).
- 嘉永5年9月22日(1852年11月3日)に、京都・中山忠能邸で生まれ、祐宮(さちのみや)と命名された。
- He was born on November 3, 1852 in the Tadayasu NAKAYAMA's residence in Kyoto, and was named Sachinomiya.
- また、皇極・斉明天皇の宝皇女もその可能性が高いと平林章仁氏(大和高田市片塩中学校教諭)等は指摘している。
- Akihito HIRABAYSHI (a teacher of Katashio Junior High School in Yamatotakada City) and others point out that it is highly likely that the Empress Kogyoku or the Saimei was called Takara no Himemiko for the same reason.
- 準陵が42、髪歯爪塔などが68、伝承などから陵墓の可能性がある陵墓参考地が46あり、総数は896である。
- There are forty-two semi-mausoleums, sixty-eight Hasshiso-to pagodas, forty-six referable mausoleums that are considered as possible imperial mausoleums according to the tradition, so there are eight hundred ninety-six in total.
- 平安・鎌倉時代の武士は「武芸を特業とする職能集団」であり、その「武芸の中心は騎馬と射技(弓)」であった。
- The bushi of the Heian and Kamakura periods were a 'functional group that specialized in martial arts,' and the 'center of martial arts was cavalry and archery.'
- 藤原為隆は重隆・朝隆・親隆の実兄であり、坊城家にかつてその由来が伝わっていた可能性もあるが、不詳である。
- Since FUJIWARA no Tametaka was a real brother of Shigetaka, Tomotaka and Chikataka, there was a possibility that the history of the book had been handed down in the Bojo family, but the truth remains unclear.
- このように急ピッチでの遷都が可能であったのは、寺院も含めて建物の多くが藤原京からの移築だったことによる。
- The reason why transfer of the capital could be made so rapidly was that many buildings including temples were relocated from Fujiwarakyo.
- 「北路」にて来訪した渤海使は能登客院(石川県羽咋郡志賀町)や松原客院(福井県敦賀市)を経由して都に上る。
- An envoy from the Balhae Kingdom, who came to Japan taking the northern route, would visit the ancient capital Kyoto after lodging at the Noto no kyakuin (Noto guest house in the present Shiga-cho, Hakui-gun County, Ishikawa Prefecture) and the Matsubara no kyakuin (Matsubara guest house in the present Tsuruga City, Fukui Prefecture).
- 下野国の武士足利俊綱・足利忠綱父子はこれに反対し、「騎馬武者の馬筏で堤防を作れば渡河は可能」と主張した。
- Warriors from Shimotsuke province, Toshitsuna and Tadatsuna ASHIKAGA--father and son respectively--argued against this, insisting that 'If we use the horses of our mounted warriors to create a sort of raft, we will be able to cross the river.'
- 問題の長期化によって昭実が1年以上務めれば結果論的に昭実の論が正しかったとされる可能性があり面目を失う事
- 2) If the prolonged dispute let Akizane serve as Kanpaku for more than a year, Akizane's points might be considered valid as a result and Sakihisa would lose face,
- アジア・アフリカはいまだ(当時)古代社会であり、欧米のような近代社会に発展することは不可能とされていた。
- Asia and Africa were still in the ancient societies (in those days) and were not able to develop into modern societies like Europe and America.
- しかし、『吾妻鏡』によれば、阿波重能は合戦後の捕虜に含まれており、このような内応は実際はなかったようだ。
- But according to the 'Azuma kagami,' Shigenori AWA numbered among the prisoners of war in the battle, and nothing at all is mentioned of any treachery by him.
- 上冷泉家も戦国時代 (日本)は、能登守護畠山氏や駿河守護今川氏を頼り地方に下向しており、都にはいなかった。
- The Kami Reizei family were also out of the capital in the period of the Warring States (Japan), moving to the provinces and into the care of the Hatakeyama clan, the Military Governors of Noto, and the Imagawa clan, the Military Governors of Suruga.
- 明智謀反の報を受けた信忠は本能寺に救援に向かおうとしたが、既に事態は決したから逃げるように側近に諭された。
- Nobutada, who received a report of the revolt by the Akechi clan, intended to go to the Honno-ji Temple to rescue, but he was dissuaded by his close aide to run away because the situations in the Honno-ji Temple were already finalized.
- 以後、伊能らは文化13年(1816年)の第10次測量まで(第9次測量のみ伊能は不参加)日本全土を歩測した。
- Thereafter, INO and his men walked throughout Japan until the tenth survey conducted in 1816 (INO did not participate only in the ninth survey).
- 宮家の祭祀は、彰仁親王の薨去後、北白川宮能久親王の王子、小松輝久が臣籍降下し、小松侯爵家を名乗り継承した。
- After Imperial Prince Akihito died, Kitashirakawa no Miya Imperial Prince Yoshihisa's Prince, Teruhisa KOMATSU was demoted from nobility to subject, and succeeded a ritual of the Miyake (house of an imperial prince) by naming the Marquis Komatsu family.
- 事件は禅僧夢窓疎石の仲介もあり、重能・直宗の配流、直義が出家し幕政から退くことを条件に、師直は包囲を解く。
- This incident was intervened into by the Zen priest Muso Soseki, under the condition that Shigeyoshi and Naomune were to be exiled, Tadayoshi became a monk and retired from the bakufu administration, Moronao removed his barricade.
- 本能寺の変による信長の横死後、蒲生賢秀・蒲生氏郷父子は本拠地日野城に信長の妻子などを安土から移動させ退去。
- Notified that Nobunaga was killed in the Honnoji Incident, Katahide GAMO and his son Ujisato GAMO had Nobunaga's family and others evacuate from Azuchi to their stronghold Hino-jo Castle, then they left Azuchi-jo Castle.
- このことから、千葉常胤が、源義朝の傘下に入ることによって千葉常胤は領地の保全を図ったとの見方も可能である。
- Thus, it is also possible to infer that Tsunetane CHIBA was affiliated with MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo in an attempt to maintain his territory.
- 芸能では、貴族層は前代以来の歌謡である催馬楽(さいばら)や神楽歌、漢詩や和歌の名句を吟ずる朗詠を楽しんだ。
- As for public entertainment, court nobles enjoyed songs and ballads from former generations; saibara (genre of Heian-period Japanese court music - primarily consisting of gagaku-styled folk melodies), kagura-uta (songs to accompany kagura performances) and roei recitation of famous phrases from Chinese-style poem or waka.
- 神武天皇朝に阿多根命が、成務朝に曾能振命が山代(山背)国造に任じられたとされるが、神武朝の設置は疑わしい。
- It is said that Atane-no-mikoto and Sonofuri-no-mikoto were appointed as Yamashiro no Kuni no Miyatsuko during the Emperor Jinmu's era and the Emperor Seimu's era respectively, appointment in the Emperor Jinmu's era is questionable.
- 1582年、本能寺の変が起きて光秀が信長を殺すと、その与力という関係から協調行動を勧誘されるが、順慶は拒否。
- When Mitsuhide murdered Nobunaga in the Honnoji Incident in 1582, Junkei was induced by Mitsuhide to cooperate because Junkei had been Mitsuhide's Yoriki, however, he rejected it.
- 明治維新とそれに続く東京奠都によって首都機能が山城国の平安京(京都)から、武蔵国の東京(旧江戸)に遷された。
- As a result of the Meiji Restoration and the capital's subsequent transfer to Tokyo, the function of the capital was transferred from Heian-kyo (Kyoto) to Tokyo in Musashi Province (formerly Edo).
- タクシーの営業区域は県南西部交通圏で、川越市・所沢市・東松山市・飯能市・和光市などと同じエリアとなっている。
- Taxis are operated in the southwestern transportation area of the prefecture, which is the same area as Kawagoe City, Tokorozawa City, Higashimatsuyama City, Hanno City and Wako City.
- 『類聚符宣抄』によれば、元は漢の東海王の末裔であった波能志(はのし)の子孫で錦部村首、後に錦宿禰を名乗った。
- According to the 'Ruiju Fusensho' (a collection of official documents dating from the years 737 to 1093), the founder of this lineage of the Miyoshi was a descendant of Hanoshi, who was himself a descendant of Prince of Donghai in Han, named Nishikori no Muraobito (錦部村首) later as Nishiki no Sukune.
- 1582年(天正10年)の本能寺の変では旧領回復を狙って丹羽長秀の居城佐和山城を陥落させ明智光秀に加担する。
- In the Honnoji Incident that occurred in 1582, he sided with Mitsuhide AKECHI with the aim of regaining former territory and occupied Nagahide NIWA's Sawayama-jo Castle.
- 基氏は後堀河天皇に仕え、後堀河天皇崩御後、仏に供花したことを機縁とし、挿花を能くし生花青山流の基礎を開いた。
- Motouji served Emperor Gohorikawa and after the death of the Emperor, starting from offering flowers to Buddha, he learned and became good at flower arrangement and established the foundation of the Seizan school of flower arrangement.
- 未発見の原因は、大きな建物が焼け落ちた膨大な残骸の中に当時の調査能力で遺骸は見つけられないという指摘がある。
- With respect to the reason why Nobunaga's body was not found, there is a view that it was impossible with capability of search at that time to find the in large volume of wreck after a huge building was burnt down.
- 腎臓病、高血圧症、その他一般にむくみのあるもの、甲状腺機能亢進症のあるときはヨウ素を含有する温泉を禁忌とする
- Kidney diseases, high-blood pressure, and diseases accompanied by edema in general; if overactive thyroid is observed, hot spring containing iodine is contriindication.
- さらに6月には上野戦争から逃れてきていた輪王寺宮公現法親王(のちの北白川宮能久親王)が盟主として据えられた。
- In August the alliance installed to its head Cloistered Imperial Prince Rinojinomiya Kogen, (later Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa) who had escaped from the Ueno War.
- ただし、後述するように現在架橋を始めとする整備計画があり、鞆の町並みは近い将来大きく姿を変える可能性もある。
- Note that, as explained later, Tomonoura is today confronted with an issue of the bridge formation and other development plans which may largely change the appearance of the townscape of Tomo in the near future.
- 以仁王の王子である宮には追っ手がかかる可能性があったが、9月には信濃国で以仁王の令旨をかかげて源義仲が挙兵。
- There was a possibility of Hokurokunomiya being the Prince of Prince Mochihito, being pursued by the opposition, however MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka raised his army on Prince Mochihito's order in Shinano Province in September.
- 『古事記』によれば、父は山代之大筒木真若王で、母は伊理泥王の女・丹波能阿治佐波毘売(たにわのあじさわびめ)。
- According to the 'Kojiki,' the father of Prince Kanimeikazuchi was Prince Yamashirono Ootsutsukimawaka, and the mother of Prince Kanimeikazuchi was Taniwa no Ajisawabime who was a daughter of Irine no Miko.
- また、天皇近親者の喪である諒闇(りょうあん)に際しては文官も巻纓冠を着用するが、柏挟との混同の可能性もある。
- It is said that civil officers also wore keneikan during ryoan (Court mourning of close relatives of an emperor), but there is a possibility that it is confounded with kashiwabasami.
- このことから、この年に遣使自体は行われなかったものの実際の没年は記紀による年代よりも後であった可能性もある。
- From this description, it can be said that the year of death of the Emperor Yuryaku was later than that shown in the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki, although no envoy was dispatched to Liang in 502.
- 翌1349年6月、上杉重能や畠山直宗、禅僧の妙吉らは直義に進言し、直義に将軍尊氏に対して高師直を讒言させる。
- In June 1349, Shigeyoshi UESUGI, Naomune HATAKEYAMA, and the Zen priest, Myokitsu advised Tadayoshi to slander KO no Moronao before the shogun Takauji.
- 『源氏物語絵巻』は、12世紀前半ころの藤原隆能の筆と伝えられる平安時代の代表的絵巻で、20図が現存している。
- 'Genji Monogatari Emaki' (Illustrated scrolls of the Tale of Genji) is an emakimono that represents the Heian period, and it was said to be painted by FUJIWARA no Takayoshi around the first half of the 12th century; 20 frames of the emakimono still exist.
- これは、「開国」と「攘夷」という相反する対外思想が「討幕」という一つの行動目的へと収斂される可能性を生んだ。
- This created the possibility for the conflicting principles of opening the country and expelling foreigners to converge toward the goal of attacking the shogunate.
- だが、6月2日_(旧暦)(1582年6月21日)、信長は前右大臣の身分のまま本能寺の変で明智光秀に討たれた。
- Attacked by Mitsuhide AKECHI in the Honno-ji Incident, however, Nobunaga died as former Udaijin without an official title on June 21, 1582.
- そのため、非常に重用され、律令制が機能しなくなって以後も蔵人所の管轄下で一定の存在意義をもって活動していた。
- Therefore, it was extremely important and continued under the Kurodo dokoro (the institution where the Imperial archives were kept) with a certain degree of importance even after the Ritsuryo system stooped functioning.
- ※はスルッとKANSAI対応カード(乗り放題カード類含む)が利用可能な会社(*は今後利用可能になる予定の会社)
- 1. KANSAI THRU PASS compatible cards including free passes can be used for payment.
- 写真などでは木造の橋と思われがちだが、実際は本体は鉄筋コンクリート製(欄干のみ木製)で、車の通行も可能である。
- The bridge looks like a wooden bridge in photographs, but, its main body has a structure of reinforced concrete (only parapets are made of wood), and it is a practicable bridge also for cars.
- ただし頼長と基之はそれ以前から備後、土佐の守護も併任されており、別に何らかの理由が存在した可能性が推測される。
- However some other possibilities are suspected as Yorinaga and Motoyuki appointed concurrently to the Shugo of Bingo and Tosa before taking the post.
- 前者は本能寺の変後の消息は不明だが、後者の存保は1586年、戸次川の戦いで戦死してしまい、改易とされてしまう。
- Yasunaga, the former, was unaccounted for after Honnoji Incident, and Masayasu, the latter, died in the battle of Hetsu-gawa and was forfeited his rank of samurai and properties.
- 後陽成天皇にその才能を寵愛され、地下官人では異例の院昇殿が認められ、従五位下近衛府から正四位上大蔵省に至った。
- Emperor Goyozei was pleased with Mototada's ability and granted Mototada permission to enter the ex-emperor's palace--which was an extraordinary privilege for low ranked officials; then, Mototada was raised from Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), the Lieutenant of the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards to Shoshiinojo (Senior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade), the Treasury Commissioner in the Office of the Treasury.
- ただし峠の地蔵が祭られているところまでは行くことは可能であり、旧峠を目的として訪れる人の姿は見ることができる。
- However, it is passable to the place where Toge no Jizo (a stone statue keeping its eye upon the travelers on the pass) is enshrined, people who head for the old pass can be seen.
- 地域にある樫船神社の「樫」と、母体となった村の一つ・田能村の「田」を組み合わせて「樫田」の村名が名付けられた。
- The village name 'Kashida' (written as '樫田') was named as the combination of 'kashi' (樫), the letter from the name of Kashifune-jinja shrine (樫船神社) in the area, and 'da' (田), the letter from the name of Tano Village (田能村) which was one of the villages to merge into Kashida Village.
- 聖武天皇は奈良時代の能書家として光明皇后とともに有名であり、聖武天皇の宸翰と伝えられる書には以下のものがある。
- Emperor Shomu was well known for a master of calligraphy in the Nara Period as well as Empress Komyo, and shinkan documents which are believed to have been handwritten by Emperor Shomu are as follows:
- が、治天の君が皇位継承における決定権を有したために結果的に亀山上皇の子孫が皇位を継承する可能性が確実となった。
- Since Chiten no Kimi had the discretion of imperial succession, and as one the Retired Emperor Kameyama's descendants he was ensured of being enthroned.
- 平成20年(2008年)、平安時代の回廊状大型区画施設遺構が発見され、石川郡庁があった可能性が出てきたという。
- In 2008, the remains of a large Heian period corridor-like structure were discovered and the possibility emerged that it could have once been the Ishikawa District office building.
- 卑弥呼の死んだ時期は弥生時代から古墳時代への移行期に当たり、邪馬台国畿内説では卑弥呼の墓は古墳の可能性がある。
- The time of Himiko's death corresponds to a transition period between the Yayoi and Tumulus periods, and according to the Yamatai Kingdom Kinai theory, there is a possibility that Himiko's tomb was a tumulus.
- 日本は条約の批准書交換後、樺山資紀海軍大将を台湾総督とし、北白川宮能久親王率いる近衛師団を台湾現地に派遣した。
- Japan, after exchanging ratification, appointed Naval Captain Sukenori KABAYAMA as governor of Taiwan, and dispatched the Imperial Guards led by Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa to Taiwan.
- 忠能の七男、中山忠光は尊王攘夷の急先鋒で天誅組の首領とされたが、後に長州藩の刺客により暗殺された(天誅組の変)。
- Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA, who was the seventh son of Tadayasu was a vanguard of sonno joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) and he was made the head of the Tenchu-gumi (literally, Heavenly Avenging Force) but, later, he was assassinated by a member of the Choshu clan (the Tenchu-gumi incident).
- 平安時代末期、左大臣時代の実能が衣笠山の西南麓を所有した別邸を営み、その中に持仏堂を建て徳大寺(得大寺)と命名。
- During the late Heian period, Saneyoshi, who were then minister of the left, owned a villa at the southwest foot of Mount Kinugasayama, and built therein a jibutsudo (the hall for the family's protective deity) called Tokudai-ji Temple.
- 信長によって閑職へ追いやられた光秀はこの申し出を受け、信長の天皇謁見を妨害するため本能寺の変を計画したとされる。
- It is told that Mitsuhide, who had been moved to a sinecure by Nobunaga, accepted this proposal and made a plan for Honnoji Incident.
- しかし、鉄道や道路などの陸運網が発達していくにつれ、利用価値が次第に薄れていき、運河としての機能を失っていった。
- As the land transportation network including railroads and roadways developed, the Nishitakase-gawa River gradually lost its usefulness and function as a canal.
- 全国的に女人禁制の山岳への登山口にはよくみられたことであるが、戦前まで旅館街の一部地域に遊郭の機能を有していた。
- There was yukaku (a red-light district) in a district of Japanese Inn town before the war, which was common in the place where a starting point for a climb of a mountain which women were not allowed to enter was.
- ただし、業務機能は大阪が飛び抜けているため、これらの都市や都市圏は、衛星都市あるいは衛星都市圏と見ることもある。
- Since Osaka City is much more advanced in terms of business facilities, however, these other cities or metropolitan areas are sometimes seen as satellite cities or metropolitan areas.
- 嵯峨天皇は、空海・橘逸勢とともに三筆と称される能書家であり、嵯峨天皇の宸翰と伝えられる書道には以下のものがある。
- Emperor Saga is one of the Noshoka (master of calligraphy) called Sanpitsu (the three great calligraphers) along with Kukai and TACHIBANA no Hayanari, and calligraphy products believed to be Emperor Saga's shinkan are as follows:
- 中古までの連体形終止には余情・余韻が感じられたが、中世に一般化すると終止形終止の機能と変わりのないものになった。
- Until Early Middle Japanese a sentence terminated with an attributive form produced suggestiveness and a lingering feeling, but it became almost the same as a sentence terminated with an end-form after termination with an attributive form was generalized in Middle Japanese.
- その結果、江戸時代の朝廷は五摂家の当主の合意のみでの運営が可能となり、天皇と言えどもそれに抗う事は困難となった。
- As a result, it became possible to administer the Imperial Court of the Edo period by the agreements of the Gosekke alone, so that it became difficult even for the Emperor to oppose the Imperial Court.
- 一方の親王側も14歳も年下の天皇の皇太子では次期天皇としての即位の可能性は低いと考え、自ら皇太子廃位を願い出た。
- Meanwhile, Imperial Prince Atsuakira's side also offered to dethrone Atsuakira; they think that Atsuakira was not likely to be enthroned as he was 14 years older than Atsuhira.
- 同時代の君主国憲法の多くが、立法権を君主と国会が共有する権能としていたことと比すると特異な立法例であると言える。
- Given that many of the other monarchial constitutions of the same period defined that a monarch and a government should share legislative power, it could be said that the Japanese constitution was a rare case.
- この施設は筑紫館(つくしのむろつみ)と呼ばれ、唐・新羅・渤海 (国)の使節を迎える迎賓館兼宿泊所として機能した。
- This facility was called Tsukushi-no-murotsumi and functioned as the State Guest House and lodgings when the government invited the envoy of the Tang Dynasty, the Silla kingdom, and the Balhae Kingdom.
- しかし、農民でなく、定住もしていない芸能人や手工業者に対しては、自己と異なる特別の世界に住む者として認識された。
- However, they recognized the non-peasants, as well as the unsettled entertainers and handicraftsmen, as people who lived in a special world that was different from theirs.
- 後に二条家摂関家の邸宅を経て、本能寺の変の際に織田信忠が戦死した二条城織田信長・誠仁親王の「二条新御所」となる。
- It was the residence of Sekkan-ke (the family lines which produced regents) of the Nijo family before becoming 'Nijo New Imperial Palace' of Imperial Prince Sanehito, which was where Nobutada ODA died in battle during the Honnoji Incident.
- 本丸は三方を堀で囲まれ、南側は空堀を隔てて二の丸に面しており、さすがの織田信長軍も本丸への侵入は不可能であった。
- Honmaru was surrounded with moats on three sides and the southern side faced to ninomaru across karabori (dry moat) and even troops of Nobunaga ODA could not make their way into honmaru.
- 明智が謀反をして、信長様に切腹させたとき、本能寺に我らより一番乗りに侵入したというものがいたらそれはみな嘘です。
- If someone were to claim that he broke in the Honno-ji Temple earlier than ourselves, when Akechi revolted against Nobunaga and forced him to commit seppuku (suicide by disembowelment), that would be a complete lie.
- しかし、花街としての機能を果たしているのは嶋原を除く5ヶ所でそれらをまとめて『五花街』(ごかがい)と呼ばれている。
- However, only five of them except Shimabara currently function as a geisha district, and accordingly, they are collectively referred to as 'Go-kagai' (five hanamachi, or kagai).
- 資訓の後を継いだ白川資長には実子がなく、伯爵上野正雄(北白川宮能久親王の庶子)の男子の上野久雄を養子縁組に迎えた。
- Sukenaga SHIRAKAWA, who succeeded Sukekuni, was childless, so Sukenaga adopted Hisao UENO, the son of Count Masao UENO (the illegitimate child of Imperial Prince Kitashirakawa no Miya Yoshihisa).
- また、安田政彦はこの説を支持しつつも、源氏・在原氏と同様に中国古典からの出典も存在した可能性について指摘している。
- Masahiko YASUDA also supports this theory but makes the point that the name could also have come from the Chinese classics, as the names of Minamoto and Ariwara clans did.
- かつて奈良時代まで難波津や難波京があった場所がそのまま首都・副都でなくなった後も港湾として機能し続けたものである。
- Naniwa no tsu (Naniwa Port) and Naniwa-kyo had located there up until the Nara period, and the place remained functioning as a seaport even after the transfer of the capital and secondary capital city.
- 禅譲を持ちかけられた義尋は、まだ若い義政に後継男子誕生の可能性があることを考慮して将軍職就任の要請を固辞し続けた。
- Hearing about the offer of the position, Yoshihiro, considering the young enough age of Yoshimasa to have an inheriting son, firmly declined the proposal for voluntary transfer of the Shogunate.
- 随伴する警察官の乗車するパトカーは性能に劣るセダンであったため、性能差からついていくのに必死の思いであったという。
- Those patrol cars were sedan, whose performance was inferior to that of the Crown Prince Akihito's car, so that the police officers had to drive with all their might for fear of falling behind him.
- 王は伊理泥王の女・丹波能阿治佐波毘売(たにはのあじさはびめ)を妃とし、迦邇米雷王(かにめいかずちのみこ)を儲けた。
- Prince Yamashiro no Otsutsukimawaka married Taniwa no Ajisawabime as his princess; and she gave birth to Prince Kanimeikazuchi (Kanimeikazuchi no Miko).
- 平成19年(2007年)の能登半島地震にさいしては慰問は実現されていないが「元気になってください」と言葉を寄せた。
- As for the Noto Peninsula Earthquake in 2007, he has not yet visited the disaster-stricken area, but sent a message that 'I hope every victim would get over the difficulties.'
- しかし、家臣明智光秀の信長への謀反、いわゆる本能寺の変後まもなくして何らかの原因によって焼失、その後廃城となった。
- However, it was burnt down for some unknown reason soon after the rebellion against Nobunaga ODA plotted by his vassal Mitsuhide AKECHI in 1582, which is called 'Honno-ji Temple Incident' (raid on the Honno-ji Temple), becoming an abandoned castle.
- この新制は単なる過差禁止令のように行事や祭祀の際の一時的な規定とは異なり、期限の定めのない法規として機能していた。
- This shinsei served as a law of indefinite duration, unlike a provisional ban on luxury issued at the time of events and rituals.
- 最後に名田として成立しなかった散田であり、収穫が少なくて耕作民が雑役の負担能力に欠けていたことによるものであった。
- The last type was land called sanden (deteriorated rice fields), not qualified for myoden because farmers lacked the ability to bear zatsueki due to poor harvests.
- なお十円硬貨にかぎらず硬貨を故意に腐食させることは、貨幣損傷等取締法により罰せられる可能性があるので注意されたい。
- In addition, one should note that the act of eroding coins including 10-yen coins is punishable by law due to the Act for the Regulation of Damaging, etc. of Subsidiary Coins.
- そのため、命令を伝える間に蔵人の誤りその他により天皇の出した命令と上卿が実際に受けた命令が食い違う可能性もあった。
- That was why an error made by the kurodo or something happened in the process of conveying the edict might have resulted in a discrepancy between the order issued by the emperor and the order practically received by the shokei.
- 原則的には場所の制約を受けず(質取行為では禁じられているアジール的空間や権力者の保護下でも)に請求が可能であった。
- In principle, the levy of a kojichi was not restricted by location and it was possible to claim it even in places with right of asylum or when the debtor was under the protection of authorities (these were regarded as extraterritorial areas in the case of Shichitori, which was the attachment of property of a third party living in the same area of a debtor in default).
- ここには、多くの絵巻物の制作や今様の蒐集など芸能の中心に立ち続けた後白河法皇の膨大なコレクションも納められていた。
- It stored numerous collections of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, who stood in the center of entertainment such as production of various emakimono (illustrated scroll) and collection of imayo (a popular style of song during the Heian period).
- まず、妻女山の尾根の傾斜がきつく、馬が通るだけの余裕がないため、実際に挟み撃ちが可能かについて疑問が出されている。
- First, the slope of the ridge of Saijo-san Mountain is too steep for the passage of horses, and therefore, it is questionable whether the pincer operation was possible actually.
- 金閣は明治時代に大修理が施されており、その際に詳細な図面が作成されていたことからきわめて忠実な再現が可能となった。
- It was possible to reproduce Kinkaku-ji Temple precisely because a detailed drawing had been created when Kinkaku-ji Temple was repaired greatly in the Meiji period.
- 為光に追われた22代菊池能運は有馬氏頼って玉名を経由して島原に逃れ、翌城重岑・隈部運治等と呼応して為光を自刃させた。
- The 22nd head, Yoshiyuki KIKUCHI, who fled from Tamemitsu, escaped to Shimabara via Tamana, seeking refuge with the Arima clan, and in cooperation with Shigemine JO (城重岑) and Yukiharu KUMABE and others, he made Tanemitsu to kill himself.
- 福知山市を通る路線の多くが単線で、福知山線については複線化を望む声もあるが利用者が少ないため現実的には不可能である。
- Many train lines in Fukuchiyama City are single-track, and although some people have requested that the Fukuchiyama Line be converted to double tracks, it is practically impossible due to the small number of users.
- しかし、遺骨などの調査から当時の皇族女性独特の体躯であったことが判明、替え玉説は後世の流布である可能性が極めて高い。
- However it was discovered that Kazunomiya had a body build typical of Imperial female members in those days, due to the investigation of the bones, thus there is a strong possibility it was just a rumor that someone was acting as her double.
- これにより、天智・天武以来の直系皇位継承は放棄され、大兄制が(一時的とは言え)事実上復活したと見ることも可能である。
- Due to this, direct Imperial succession since Emperor Tenji and Emperor Tenmu, was not allowed, in fact Imperial succession between the eldest brothers was restored (even though it was only temporary).
- 大宝律令制定後、女性天皇の即位が相次ぎ、皇后が立てられることがなかったので、中宮職は実際には機能しない状態が続いた。
- After the establishment of Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code), female emperors were enthroned successively and empresses were not appointed, thus Chugushiki did not work in fact.
- ちょうどそのころ大来皇女が伊勢斎宮となり伊勢へ群行したと日本書紀に書かれていることから、これに同行した可能性がある。
- In view of the record in the Nihonshoki that Oku no himemiko became an Ise Saigu (an unmarried princess serving at Ise-jingu Shrine) and went to Ise in great numbers around that time, there is a possibility that Tochi no Himemiko accompanied the touring group.
- 事実、景行天皇・履中天皇・反正天皇の各天皇の名にも「ワケ」が含まれており、実名を基にした和風諡号である可能性が高い。
- As a matter of fact, the posthumous names for Emperors Keiko, Richu, and Hanzei include 'wake' and there is a high possibility that these are Japanese-style posthumous names based on real names.
- なお、今日では手箱と称されているものの、当時は装飾経を収める経箱として造られたものである可能性が高いとみられている。
- Today, it is referred to as tebako (cosmetic box), it was probably intended as a kyobako to contain a decorative sutra at that time.
- 信長が明智光秀に本能寺で襲われたのが、それを如実に示しているように、信長は配下の家臣に兵力を与えすぎていたのである。
- As clearly shown by the fact that Nobunaga was raided by Mitsuhide AKECHI at Honno-ji Temple, Nobunaga gave too much military force to his vassals.
- 天正10年(1582年)、本能寺の変が起こった時には、賢秀とその子蒲生氏郷は織田信長の妻妾一族をこの城に迎え入れた。
- During the Honnoji Incident in 1582, Katahide and his son Ujisato GAMO ushered the families of the wives and concubines of Nobunaga ODA into the castle.
- 本能寺の変の後の山崎の戦いにおいて伊勢貞興は明智勢として二条御所の織田信忠を攻め滅ぼしたが、最終的には羽柴勢に敗れた。
- After the Honnoji Incident, Sadaoki ISE participated in the Battle of Yamazaki as an Akechi force, and Sadaoki ISE attacked and conquered Nobutada ODA at Nijo-gosho Palace, but later, Sadaoki was eventually lost to the Hashiba force.
- 「敵は本能寺にあり」は江戸時代初期の『川角太閤記』が初出だが、『川角太閤記』には明智軍の参加者も協力したともいわれる。
- Our enemy is in the Honno-ji Temple' was first seen in 'Kawasumi Taikoki' of the beginning of the Edo period, and it was told that the person who participated in the troop of the Akechi clan gave help for 'Kawakami Taikoki.'
- 大台ケ原を散策するにはビジターセンターからとなるが、大台ケ原を堪能するなら「東大台ハイキングコース」約9キロがお勧め。
- For enjoy hiking in Mt. Odaigahara, `Higashi Odai hiking course,' approximately 9 kilometers is recommended starting at the visitor center.
- 旧道は近世ないし明治以降に作られたと言われているもので、古道は2003年(平成15年)に復旧されるまで通行不能だった。
- Kyudo' is said to have been built in the early-modern period or in the Meiji era, and 'kodo' could not be even walked until the re-opening in 2003.
- 日本の律令下では上皇は天皇と同等の権限を持つとされていたため、こうしたやや変則的な政体ですら制度の枠内で可能であった。
- Under the system of centralized administration established with the ritsuryo legal codes, the Joko was considered as having authority equivalent to that of the Emperor, so even such an irregular form of government was possible within the framework of the system.
- 大宝律令において、天皇と並んで規定があり、天皇と同じように院宣を以て、その意向を政治的に汲み入れることが可能であった。
- In Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code), there was a provision for Joko alongside that for Emperor which made it possible for Joko to incorporate his intent politically by means of inzen (a decree from In) just like Emperor.
- 統治能力を持ちあわせた阿蘇神社大宮司としての阿蘇氏は、記録上12世紀前半の阿蘇惟宣(宇治惟宣)にまで遡ることができる。
- The origin of the Aso clan, the daiguji of Aso-jinja Shrine having political ruling power, could date back to Korenobu ASO (Korenobu UJI) who lived in the early twelfth century according to records.
- 荘園においても、荘園領主らは必要物資を得るために荘園内に手工業者・職人を確保し、職能に応じて彼らへ給田を与えていった。
- As for Shoen, shoen landholders kept handicraftsmen within their shoen to obtain necessary supplies and gave Kyuden according to their ability.
- 文化的とは当時流行した大陸の禅の匂いであり、美的とは能阿弥、相阿弥、芸阿弥といった同朋衆などの目利きの確かさであった。
- What was meant by cultural was that it had the smell of continental Zen that was popular back then, and artistically the accuracy of Doboshu, Noami, Geiami, and Soami, as the judges.
- 昭和になると、運河の機能を失った堀は、汚泥を掬い上げる「川ざわえ」が廃れ、川底にヘドロが堆積し、悪臭を放つようになった。
- In the Showa Period, the practice of 'kawa-zawae (river dredging)' to remove sludge disappeared with the decline of Hachiman-bori's importance as a canal and resulted in sludge sedimentation on the canal bed and foul odor in the area.
- 薩摩藩は、薩英戦争の経験から攘夷は不可能であると判断し、開国に論を変え、藩力の充実と先進技術の取得に努めることになった。
- The Satsuma clan concluded, from the Anglo-Satsuma War, that the expulsion of foreigners was impossible; thus it changed its opinion to one in favor of opening the country, and endeavored to strengthen the clan and acquire advanced technology.
- この他、文壇、芸能、音楽、学術、ジャーナリズムなど、各界の著名人によるエッセイ「住職・寺院に直言」が毎号2本掲載される。
- Moreover, each issue has two 'Frank Speaking to Chief Priests and Temples': essays by famous peoples of various sectors, ranging from literary world, public entertainments, music, academics, to journalism.
- 生母が藤原の出でない為、関白藤原頼通や弟の藤原教通に疎んじられたが、彼等の異母弟の藤原能信の支援を受けたと言われている。
- Because the Emperor's birth mother was not from the FUJIWARA clan, he was treated coldly by the chancellor (chief advisor to the Emperor), FUJIWARA no Yorimichi and his brother, FUJIWARA no Norimichi; however, it is said their younger half-brother, FUJIWARA no Yorinobu, supported Emperor Gosanjo.
- これはすなわち「宗室の長老」としての統括能力と実績が期待された場合にそれに相応しい親王のみが叙されるということであった。
- This means that the conferring was made only for the imperial princes who were appropriate, when the capability and achievement as a 'patriarch of a head family' were expected.
- これでも戦死者を過少報告している可能性もあるが、日本側の死者3万余との記録とも大きく食い違うため実体は今なお不明である。
- It is likely that a smaller number of casualties were reported, but in reality this remains uncertain due to the great difference in numbers for which the Japanese army proclaimed over thirty thousand casualties.
- また、荘園と同様に商工業者・職能人の間でも荘園の寄人のように特定の権門の隷属下に入ってその庇護を受けた者も寄人と呼んだ。
- As with shoen, among merchants and craftsmen, people who belonged to a specific power structure and received protection were called yoriudo, similar to the yoriudo of shoen.
- 室町時代後期には『能本作者註文』・『自家伝抄』などが成立し、江戸時代に入ると各家の所伝からなる作者付が幕府に提出された。
- Documents including 'Nohon Sakusha Chumon' and 'Jika Densho' were written during the latter part of the Muromachi period, and in the Edo period, sakushazuke containing the traditions of each playwright were submitted to the shogunate.
- しかしその後も民間で後南朝の伝説や伝承は残り、貴種流離譚の一つとしてサンカに利用された可能性を滝川政次郎は指摘している。
- Yet even after this point, legends and folklore about the Gonanch forces remained in existence among the common people, and Seijiro TAKIKAWA pointed out that one of the tales of wandering aristocrats among the Sanka (mountain folk of Japan) may have made use of the Gonancho stories.
- 襲津彦以降の氏人としては、葛城葦田宿禰・玉田宿禰・円大臣・蟻臣の名が知られ、その系譜は断片的に復元可能である(系図参照)。
- After the death of Sotsuhiko, records of the notable people from this clan, such as Katsuraki no ashita no sukune, Tamada no sukune, Tsubura no Okimi and Ariomi, enable us to partially recover their genealogy (See the genealogical chart).
- 勢いづいた武敏は阿蘇惟直・秋月種道・蒲池武久・星野家能等を誘って多々良浜の戦いで足利方と戦ったが敗北し、菊池に逃げ帰った。
- The encouraged Taketoshi, fought against the Ashikaga side, in the Battle of Tatarahama with Korenori ASO, Tanemichi AKIZUKI, Takehisa HASUIKE, Ieyoshi HOSHINO and others, but lost the fight and withdrew to Kikuchi.
- しかし実際には、足利将軍家には鎌倉公方、古河公方、堀越公方などの別家が多くあり、吉良氏が足利本家を継げる可能性は低かった。
- However, the possibility remained low for the Kira clan to be a successor of the head family of the Ashikaga clan, since there were many bekke (branch family) families in the Ashikaga Shogun family; the Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region), the Kogakubo (descendants of one of the Ashikaga families that held the office of the Kanto district administrator), and the Horigoe Kubo.
- また確たる史料はないものの亘理郡の有力者で五位に叙せられ、陸奥の在庁官人として権守候補であった可能性は高いと見られている。
- It is also thought that Tsunekiyo was an influential person in Watari County who was titled Goi (Fifth Rank) and that it is very likely that he was a candidate for Gon no kami (a provisional governor) of Mutsu Province among zaichokanjin (locally hired government officials during the Heian period), although there are no historical materials that can validate it for sure.
- 6月2日朝、返礼のため長尾街道を京へ向かっていたところ、四条畷付近で京から駆けつけた茶屋四郎次郎に会い、本能寺の変を知る。
- In the morning of July 5, when he was traveling Nagao kaido (Nagao road) heading to Kyoto to make a return call, he met Shirojiro CHAYA, who hastened from Kyoto, in the vicinity of Shijo Nawate and knew about Honnoji Incident.
- 後に中世後期になって、定家と内親王は秘かな恋愛関係にあったのだとする説があらわれ、これが能『定家』などを生む契機となった。
- Later on, there was another theory during the late Medieval period, that Teika and the Imperial Princess were in love, it created the opportunity to produce the Noh play 'Teika.'
- 能を愛好していた彼女の好みにより、座敷の一部は能舞台として使えるように改造がくわえられており、今でもその遺構が残っている。
- Since she loved Noh play, a part of the Japanese-style room was arranged to use as a stage for Noh play, this room is still kept as the way it used to be.
- 「草子洗小町」(そうしあらいこまち、草紙洗、草紙洗小町とも)は、能の演目の一つで、三番目物、現在鬘物、大小物に分類される。
- 草子洗小町' (Soshi arai Komachi; aka. 草紙洗 [Soshi Arai] or 草紙洗小町 [Soshi arai Komachi]) is a Noh program categorized into sanbanme-mono (third-category plays), genzai kazura-mono (realistic women plays) and daishomono (plays with three instruments of fue [a Japanese flute], kozutsumi and ozutsumi [small and large hand drums]).
- その一方で、彼は絵画・建築・和歌など多岐にわたる芸術的才能に恵まれ、ユニークな発想に基づく創造はたびたび人の意表を突いた。
- On the other hand, he was talented in the arts such as paintings, architectures and making poems, etc., and people often were impressed by his creativity based on his unique ideas.
- 芸能音楽やスポーツ界関係者を招いた皇居でのお茶会や赤坂御苑での園遊会が催された際には、出席した各関係者に詳しい質問をする。
- When guests from the public entertainment and music world and the sport world are invited to the tea parties held at the Imperial Palace, or to the garden parties held at Akasaka Imperial Garden, the Emperor asks them questions in detail.
- この発言では、天皇の地位が憲法に記されたものであることを確認した一方、護憲とも解釈可能なため一部の右翼勢力から非難された。
- Letting people confirm that the Constitution of Japan gives a definition of the Emperor, the remark was criticized by a small group of right-wing organizations for its probability of being interpreted as protecting the Constitution.
- しかし、戦時中に限らず皇族の凶事がしばらく秘匿されるのは明治以前からの慣習であり、なにも能久親王が特別のことではなかった。
- However, even before Meiji period, it was customary that misfortunes happened in the imperial family were concealed for a while not only during wartime but also during peacetime and thus the case of Prince Yoshihisa was not special.
- しかし、徳川綱吉は宝生流を好んだ為、綱吉の治世に加賀藩や尾張藩がお抱え能楽師を金春流から宝生流に入れ替えたと言われている。
- Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, however, preferred the Hosho school, and it is said that the Kaga and Owari domain replaced their sarugaku-shi belonging to the Konparu school by those belonging to the Hosho school during the period of Tsunayoshi's administration.
- 天正10年(1582年)6月2日、明智光秀は中国攻めには向かわず本能寺の織田信長軍を急襲し、織田信長を炎の中に追い込んだ。
- On July 1, 1582, he did not leave for the attack on the Chugoku region, instead he attacked the army of Nobunaga ODA in Honno-ji Temple, and he drove his lord Nobunaga into the fire.
- しかし、食品について効果効能の表現は薬事法で規制されており、事実上の国の機関がそれを堂々と言うのはどうかという指摘もある。
- However, the demonstration of the effects and efficacy of foods are regulated by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act and some point out that it is not appropriatefor the de facto national institutions to state the effects and efficacy of such products.
- だが、平安時代末期になると、大学寮の衰退、穀倉院自体の機能低下に伴って、試験のみならず、学問料自体も名目化することとなる。
- In the late Heian period, however, not only examination, but also Gakumonryo itself became the nominal ones due to the decline of Daigakuryo as well as the decrease in the function of Kokuso-in.
- 憲法学の学説の一つに、憲法の基本原則(国体)を変更する憲法改正は、法的に不可能であるとするものがある(憲法改正有限界説)。
- One theory of studies of the constitution insisted that constitutional amendments which aim to modify the basic principles (national polity) of the constitution was legally impossible (the theory of limitation of constitutional amendment).
- もし、宗茂が1万を超える大軍を率いて本戦に参加できていたなら、東西両軍の勝敗は変わっていた可能さえ指摘されているのである。
- There is the possibility that if Muneshige had joined the Battle of Sekigahara with a force of more than 10,000, the outcome of the battle may have been different.
- 会所の本質たる主室には、もともとの会所としての機能、寄合の場としての機能をたもっていたので、そういう飾るための設備がない。
- The essential quality of the master guest room already functioned as the kaisho and the Yoriai so that it did not have equipment to be decorated as such.
- そこで佐藤進一、上横手雅敬、戸田芳実、高橋昌明らによってこれら在京の武士を武士の起源とする「職能」武士起源論が提唱された。
- And Shinichi SATO, Masataka UWAYOKOTE, Yoshimi TODA, Masaaki TAKAHASHI and others proposed the theory on the origin of bushi by 'samurai function' that the bushi originally came from the bushi staying in Kyoto.
- ちなみに隆備も父に劣らず有能で、藩校・進徳館を篤信館と改名し、その翌年には藩内6ヶ所に郷学校を設立して、庶民教育に尽力した。
- Takamoto was just as capable as his father, and committed himself to the education of the people, changing the name of Shintokukan, the clan school, to Tokushinkan and founding six local schools in the following year.
- 信長の次男・織田信雄は、本能寺の変の後光秀を討とうと近江の土山へ進軍するが、山崎の戦いで光秀が秀吉に大敗したことにより撤退。
- After Honnoji Incident, Nobukatsu ODA, who was the second son of Nobunaga, marched to Tsuchiyama, Omi Province, to attack Mitsuhide, but he retreated because Mitsuhide was badly defeated by Hideyoshi in the Battle of Yamazaki.
- 源 能有(みなもと の よしあり、承和12年(845年)-寛平9年6月8日(897年7月11日))は平安時代の貴族、政治家。
- MINAMOTO no Yoshiari (845 - July 11, 897) was an aristocrat and politician who lived in the Heian period.
- 大図の詳細な検討によって、伊能忠敬による測量がいかに行われたかなど従来検証しづらかった点についても、今後の研究が期待される。
- It is expected that a future study will extend to matters which were difficult to examine, including how Tadataka INO conducted his survey, through detailed examination of the large maps.
- 改良によって1枚の板を版とする整版よりも経済的なコストが減少し、簡便になったことにより、小資本・少部数の出版が可能となった。
- With this improvement, Mokkatsuji-ban became more costless and handier than the wood-block printing using one engraving block, so that it made publications with limited capital and small circulation possible.
- なお、旧制度下においては、旧皇室典範第52条が特権の剥奪等も含めた皇族に関する懲戒を定めており、廃太子も法的に可能であった。
- In the old system, the former Imperial House Law article 52 defined the disciplinary punishment for the Imperial Family members including the deposition of privileges, and it was legally viable to disinherit a crown prince.
- 本能寺の変以降もしばらく織田氏の居城として、信長の嫡孫織田秀信が清洲会議の後入城するなどと、主に二の丸を中心に機能していた。
- The castle worked as a stronghold of the Oda clan mainly centered around the Ninomaru for a while after the Honnoji Incident; for example, Nobunaga's heir Hidenobu ODA made a triumphal entry into the castle after the Kiyosu conference.
- 観世長俊は観世座の「脇の仕手」として棟梁である大夫を補佐した名人であり、また自身も作者としていくつかの能を残した人物である。
- Nagatoshi KANZE was a famous master performer who supported the leading part at the Kanze-za Theater, and also wrote several of his plays.
- 信長存命中は、この方面軍による機能がうまく作用して、各地で連戦連勝を重ねて、織田政権は短期間で領土を拡大することに成功した。
- While Nobunaga was alive, these regional armies worked well and won battle after battle in various places and contributed to the Oda government successfully extending their territory over a short period of time.
- そのために、徳川幕府は、能力よりも忠誠心や家柄、譜代家臣を重視する旧来の封建体制を復活させ、体制維持に努めたとの意見もある。
- Some believe that, in order to avoid making the same mistake, the Tokugawa shogunate restored the old feudal system under which loyalty, family lineage and fudai daimyo (hereditary vassals) were more important than the ability to maintain the regime.
- 以前は1467年に始まった応仁の乱を戦国時代の始期とする見解が有力とされていたが、その後も幕府は中央政権として機能していた。
- In the past the view that the Sengoku Period started at the time of Onin War, which commenced in 1467, was prevailing, but the bakufu functioned as the central government even after that.
- 本能寺の変以降、織田信長の血筋を引き継いで明治まで続いた系統は、主として次男織田信雄・七男織田信高・九男織田信貞の子孫である。
- The lineage that succeeded the genealogy of Nobunaga ODA after the Honnoji Incident and that continued to the Meiji period was mainly the descendents of the second son, Nobukatsu ODA, the seventh son, Nobutaka ODA, and the ninth son, Nobusada ODA.
- この説に対しては、義昭を庇護していた毛利氏が(定説によれば)本能寺の変を知らなかったことについて説明が付かないとの反駁がある。
- Against this view, there is a refutation which advocates that it is impossible to reason why the Mori clan, which had been protecting Yoshiaki, did not know about Honnoji Incident (according to accepted view).
- 信長はその後も勢力を拡大し日本中央部を制圧するに至るが、天下統一の目前と思われた天正10年(1582年)に本能寺の変で倒れた。
- Subsequently, Nobunaga further expanded his power and eventually controlled central Japan; however, in 1582, when it seemed he was very close to unifying Japan, he was defeated in the Honnoji Incident.
- 以下の県域放送2局は生駒山より標高の高い比叡山から送信しており、出力の割に視聴可能区域が広く、京都府外でも広い範囲で受信可能。
- Programs of the following two prefecture-based TV stations are transmitted from the top of Mt. Hiei which is higher than Mt. Ikoma, which causes its coverage area to be relatively wide compared to its limited output transmission power, allowing a wider reception area outside of Kyoto Prefecture.
- アクテオン号が持ち帰った伊能小図の写しはその後も英国海軍水路部で所有され、現在ではグリニッジの国立海事博物館に保管されている。
- A copy of the Ino small maps brought back by the Acteon was possessed by the department of navy channel, the Royal Navy and now is kept at the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.
- こうして幕府の許可を得た伊能は寛政12年(1800年)、私財を投じて第1次測量として蝦夷地および東北・北関東の測量を開始した。
- Granted permission, INO, at his own expense, started to survey North Kanto and Tohoku regions as well as Ezochi in his first survey in 1800.
- また、古事記の崇神天皇の条には、崇神が大彦の叔父と読める部分があることから、夫・崇神天皇と従兄妹関係だった可能性があるが不明。
- Also, since there are sections in the articles on Emperor Sujin in Kojiki which Emperor Sujin may be interpreted as an uncle of Obiko, she may have been cousins with her husband, Emperor Sujin, but it is not clear.
- 伝承者として、歌舞を業として畿内を巡遊する芸能集団の存在が窺われ、物語素材も史実とはかけ離れた芸能的世界の所産であろうという。
- As the memory keeper, there may possibly have been some entertainment groups which traveled around the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals Nara and Kyoto) with dancing and singing being their profession, suggesting a possibility that the material of the story may be product of the entertainment world which is far from the historical fact.
- 京都議定書は国家間での排出量取引のみを定めているが、より効果的な温室効果ガスの削減が可能な国内での排出量取引も行われつつある。
- Although the Kyoto Protocol defines the emissions trading to be carried out only among countries, the tradings are being done domestically in individual countries where the emissions reduction can be realized more effectively.
- 秀吉は高松城を水攻めによって包囲していたが、その最中に京都市の本能寺で主君である織田信長が明智光秀に謀反を起こされて落命する。
- Hideyoshi besieged Takamatsu-jo Casle by inundation tactics, during which Mitsuhide AKECHI betrayed and killed his lord Nobunaga ODA in a rebellion at Honno-ji Temple in Kyoto City.
- また、華族は現在の芸能人的な扱いもされており、「婦女画報」等の雑誌には華族子女・夫人のグラビア写真が掲載されることもよくあった。
- In those days, Kazoku were some kind of object of people's attention like today's celebrity, and gravure pictures of girls and wives of kazoku often made the pages of magazines such as 'Fujo Gaho' (the Women Pictorial).
- 両親王とも、皇位を継承する可能性があったが、当時の持明院統と大覚寺統の両統迭立の情勢に翻弄され、実際には皇位に就く事がなかった。
- Both Princes had the possibility to succeed to the throne, however the situation was tossed about by the Ryoto Tetsuritsu (sharing Imperial succession) between the Jimyo-in Imperial line and the Daikakuji Imperial line, and they did not have the chance to become Emperors after all.
- 伊能は正式に幕府天文方の役人として雇用され、翌文化2年(1805年)の第5次測量からは、幕府直轄事業として行われることとなった。
- INO was officially employed as an officer of Tenmonkata of the Edo Bakufu and his surveys were conducted as operations under direct control of the Bakufu from the fifth survey (in 1805).
- その一方でうかつに実施した場合、後任の太子の人選によっては宮廷内外に大混乱、最悪の場合内乱や国家の分裂を引き起こす可能性がある。
- On the other hand, if a prince is disinherited carelessly, the selection of his successor could raise havoc in the imperial court and its environment, or even cause a civil war or disruption of the country in the worst-case scenario.
- 『古事記』に「畝火之白檮原宮(うねびのかしはらのみや)」、『万葉集』に「可之波良能宇禰備乃宮(かしはらのうねびのみや)」とある。
- In kojiki, there is a description 'the capital is Unebi no Kashihara no miya,' while in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), there is a description 'the capital is Kashihara no Unebi no miya.'
- 歴史的に皇位は、長幼の序を重んじつつ、本人の能力や外戚の勢力を考慮して決定され、長男であれば必ず皇太子になれるとは限らなかった。
- Historically, the Imperial Throne was determined by considering choyo no jo (a uniform order between senior and junior) and capabilities of children and influences of maternal relatives, and the first son could not always become crown prince.
- また発給者となる可能性が高かった左中弁・左少弁の署判の場合、単に「中弁・少弁」と書かれた(左大弁・右弁官にはこうした例は無い)。
- A signature placed by uchuben or sashoben, a person being most likely to issue an edict, was just 'chuben' or 'shoben' (there have been no previous cases in which sadaiben or ubenkan placed such a simple signature).
- さらに、後白河法皇による『梁塵秘抄』の編纂や、芸能化され貴賤問わず大流行した田楽のように、貴族と庶民の文化交流も広汎にみられた。
- In addition, cultural interests including 'Ryojin hisho' (folk song collection) compiled by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, or dengaku (a style of dancing and music performed in association with rice planting) that was very popular regardless of one's rank, were widely exchanged between court nobles and common people.
- 弾薬や主要部品に関しては新旧の村田銃の間での互換性が成り立っていたため、弾薬などの大量生産が行われて効率的な補給が可能となった。
- Ammunition and major components were compatible with both new and old Murata guns, making mass production of ammunition and more efficient supplies possible.
- 但し、後世において、功績のあった塩谷氏の一族の者に当主の地位を追贈した可能性もあるので、完全に架空の存在であるとも言い切れない。
- However, in subsequent years there was the possibility of giving the rank of family head to the members of the SHIONOYA clan family who rendered distinguished service, and therefore it's impossible to say they were completely fictitious characters.
- 以上から、信長の方面軍制度は、急激な勢力拡大を可能にしたが、同時に自分の首を絞めることとなったため、失敗したとも言えるのである。
- Therefore, it is safe to say that Nobunaga's regional army system was a failure, because it enabled him to extend his power but dug his own grave as well.
- 本能寺の変後、清洲会議で長浜の支配権を獲得した柴田勝家の甥の柴田勝豊が入城するも、まもなく勝家と対立した秀吉に攻められ落城した。
- After the incident at Honno-ji Temple, Katsutoyo SHIBATA, a nephew of Katsuie SHIBATA who gained the right to rule Nagahama at the Kiyosu Meeting, became the lord of the castle, but was attacked by Hideyoshi who clashed with Katsuie, and had to abandon the castle.
- ついで「一戦に及ぶべし」としていた茨木城の中川清秀も帰服し、大和田城、能勢城、三田城が織田信長に寝返ったため荒木村重は孤立した。
- Then, Kiyohide NAKAGAWA of Ibaraki-jo Castle who had insisted to fight surrendered and three castles, Owada-jo Castle, Nose-jo Castle and Sanda-jo Castle, changed the side to Nobunaga ODA, Murashige ARAKI got quarantined.
- そして、その3年後二条御所と呼ばれていた押小路烏丸殿は、本能寺の変で明智光秀の襲撃を受けて焼失、以後再建されること無く荒廃した。
- 3 years later, Oshikoji Karasumadono, which was then called Nijo Palace, was attacked and burned down by Mitsuhide AKECHI during the Honnoji Incident, and was left to ruin without ever being rebuilt.
- なお、このとき本能寺は織田信長の専用宿舎として僧侶は他に出されていたため、広大な寺域に百人程度の供回りしかおらず無人に近かった。
- Incidentally, Honno-ji Temple at the time was used as an exclusive guesthouse for Nobunaga and thus the monks were temporarily removed; with only about one hundred men on the premises of the vast temple, Honno-ji Temple was nearly deserted.
- 社会の変動に対応する政治的イニシアチブを摂関家と天皇のいずれもがとりえないという摂関政治の欠陥が露呈し、機能不全に陥っていった。
- After that time, defect in the regency that neither Sekkan-ke nor emperors could take the political initiative for social changes was exposed, leading to a lack of function.
- 天正10年(1582年)に光秀が信長に対して謀反を起こしたとき、秀満はその挙兵に賛成し、信長を本能寺に討った後は安土城を占領した。
- In 1582, when Mitsuhide raised a rebellion against Nobunaga, Hidemitsu supported Mitsuhide's military operation, and captured the Azuchi Castle after defeating Nobunaga at Honno-ji Temple.
- 直弼は能楽好きで知られ、当時失伝していた「狸腹鼓」を復曲(俗称「彦根狸」)したり「鬼ヶ宿」を自作したりしては正虎に演じさせていた。
- Naosuke was a well-known Noh lover and he reproduced 'Tanuki no Harazutsumi' (a Kyogen story about a hunter and a raccoon dog, commonly called 'Hikone tanuki') that had been lost at that time, also wrote 'Onigayado' (a Kyogen story of a drunk and his lover) and got Masatora to perform it.
- その上、そういった当時(古墳時代前~中期頃)に築造された可能性のある古墳もなければ、さりとて弥生時代の墳丘墓と見られるものもない。
- There were no tumuluses that could possibly have been built around that time (early to mid-Kofun period (tumulus period)), nor were there any grave mounds from the Yayoi period.
- 同書には続けて、禅鳳から相伝したとして永正13年(1516年)常門孫四郎吉次の署名があり、この人物が実際の編者である可能性が高い。
- This book also includes the signature of Magojiro Yoshitsugu TSUNEKADO who succeeded Zenpo in 1516, and it is highly likely that he served as editor.
- そして、承久の乱では摂津守護大内惟信や同族の多田基綱のほか畿内の武士の多くが京方に属して敗れたが、能勢氏は幕府方に属したとされる。
- Then in the Jokyu war while many samurais in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) such as Korenobu OUCHI, the shugo of Settsu Province and his cognate Mototsuna TADA joined the army on the Kyoto side and were defeated, the Nose clan are said to have been on the side of the Shogunate.
- つまり、最初は武士のみならず、明法家などの他の中下級技能官人も「侍」とされたのであり、そこに武人を意味する要素はなかったのである。
- In other words, the word 'saburafu' originally included the nuance of not only 'bushi' but also other low- to middle-ranking ginou kanjin such as myoboke (legal experts), so it did not have the connotation of warrior or soldier.
- 本能寺の変で信長が斃れると、代わって台頭した豊臣秀吉により光秀は倒され長秀と藤孝は臣従し、北近畿は豊臣政権の支配の下に再配分された。
- After the Honnoji Incident where Nobunaga was killed, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI brought down Mitsuhide, and Nagahide, and Fujitaka rendered homage and service to Hideyoshi; Kitakinki was divided again under the Toyotomi administration.
- 本能寺が史料の通り、天正8年(1580年)年2月に、堀土居を造り厩新設し本堂などの改築で信長宿舎として改造されたことを裏付けている。
- It proved that, as mentioned in historical materials, the Honno-ji Temple was remodeled as the accommodation for Nobunaga in February and March 1580 by constructing moats and mud walls and newly building a stable and reconstructing the main building.
- 地質調査の結果、平安遷都より古い時代の高野川は、(現在のように)出町柳で鴨川と合流していたわけではないという可能性が指摘されている。
- A geological investigation result points out that, before the Japanese capital was moved to Heian-kyo, the Takano-gawa River might not have been merged into the Kamo-gawa River at Demachiyanagi (as at present).
- しかし片側1車線が整備された区間と1.0車線の離合不可能な狭路の区間が断続的に繰り返し、急勾配や急カーブが連続する峠道となっている。
- Although, it is a slap with series of steep hills and sharp curves that well maintained sections with double lane and narrow sections at 1.0-lane wide, where a vehicle cannot pass an oncoming car, continue intermittently.
- ところが、平成13年(2001年)3月にアメリカ合衆国議会図書館で、伊能大図のうちの207枚(うち169枚が彩色なし)が発見された。
- However, 207 sheets of the Ino large maps (169 sheets of which were colorless) were discovered at Library of Congress in the United States in March 2001.
- 但し、この事件の背景には恭仁京遷都や義弟・安積親王への皇位継承などを巡っての義父・聖武天皇との政治的な対立の可能性も指摘されている。
- As a background of this incident, the possibility of political confrontation with his father-in-law, Emperor Shomu has been pointed out in relation to the transfer of the capital to Kuni-kyo and giving the right of succession to the Imperial Throne to his younger brother-in-law, Prince Asaka.
- 実能の嫡孫、左大臣徳大寺実定(1139年 - 1191年)は藤原俊成の妹が生んだ子で藤原定家の従兄にあたり、自らも優れた歌人である。
- Saneyoshi's grandchild, who became heir to the family, Minister of the Left Sanesada TOKUDAIJI (1139 to 1191), was FUJIWARA no Toshinari's younger sister's son and FUJIWARA no Sadaie's cousin, and was a gifted poet.
- 菟道稚郎子皇子(『日本書紀』)・宇遅能和紀郎子(『古事記』)・宇治若郎子(『山城国風土記』逸文)・宇治天皇(『播磨国風土記』)とも。
- Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko (菟道稚郎子) also known as; Imperial Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko [(菟道稚郎子皇子), in the 'Nihonshoki' [Chronicles of Japan]]; Uji no Wakiiratsuko [(宇遅能和紀郎子), in the 'Kojiki' [The Records of Ancient Matters]]; Uji no Wakiiratsuko [(宇治若郎子), in the 'Yamashiro no Kuni Fudoki' (records of the culture and geography of the Yamashiro Province)]; and the Emperor Uji [(宇治天皇), in the 'Harimanokuni Fudoki' (records of the culture and geography of the Harima Province)].
- 天武元年(673年)5月に官僚機構の整備として畿内出身者で宮仕えするものはまず大舎人としその後才能を斟酌して官職を与えるようにした。
- In June 673, in order to establish bureaucracy, he decided to appoint officials who were from Kinai Province and were in the service of the court, Otoneri (Royal Attendant), and later gave them government posts depending on their ability.
- これは猿楽や田楽の座がお互いに芸を競い、勝負を決するというもので、「立ち会い能」で勝ち上がることは座の世俗的な成功にを競いしていた。
- This was a competition where sarugaku and dengaku troupes compete with each other over their skills and advances in 'Tachiai Noh' directly linked with the secular success of a troupe in question.
- 目的は秀吉の朝鮮出兵(文禄・慶長の役)のための兵力把握や人夫の動員可能数の把握と言われているが、結果として兵農分離の一因ともなった。
- The goal was said to have determine the mobilization capacity of military force and workers to deal with Korean invasions (Bunroku and Keicho battles) by Hideyoshi and it also contributed to the separation of warriors and farmers.
- その意味で信憑性の程度や事実の如何はともかくとしても、歴史学的に客観的な検証能力を有するものは著しく少ないのが実情であるといえよう。
- In this sense, setting aside the question of the degree of credibility or the existence of facts, there are few legends that can be verified objectively from the historical viewpoint.
- しかし、弘文院を大学別曹ではなく一種の図書館であったとする説もあり、和気広世個人が和気氏の氏上としての立場から支給した可能性もある。
- However, some people asserts that Kobun-in was a kind of library, not Daigaku-besso, and there is a possibility that WAKE no Hiroyo personally granted as the chief of the Wake clan.
- そのため、複数年にわたる記述である可能性が高いが、卑弥呼の死が247年か248年か(あるいはさらに後か)については説が分かれている。
- There is a strong possibility that they were recorded over several years, but opinions are divided on the year of Himiko's death, be it in 247, 248, or even later.
- この権力の空白と幼君の豊臣秀頼補佐のために後の五大老の連署を受けて同年「御掟」五箇条と「御掟追加」九箇条を公布し政権機能を制定した。
- In the same year, due to the power vacuum and for the assistant of Hideyori TOYOTOMI, a very young lord, 'On Okite' (five rules and regulations) and 'On Okite Tsuika' (nine supplements to the rules and regulations) were issued under the 'rensho' (assistant to regents) of 'Gotairo' and the political function of the government was established.
- 現在ハッジの希望者数は受け入れ可能人数を超えており、ハッジに参加するにはマッカを管理するサウジアラビア政府の発給する特別査証が必要。
- The number of people who wish to go on Haji has exceeded the number possible and currently a special visa from the Saudi Arabian government who manages the Mecca is required to participate in Haji.
- 他にも各府県で作成された管内地図の多くが伊能大図・中図を元に作成されるなど、近代日本の行政地図において、伊能図は多大な貢献を果たした。
- Besides, many jurisdictional maps made by various prefectures were based on the Ino large or medium-sized maps; therefore, the Ino maps made great contributions to administrative maps of modern Japan.
- さらに、忠通の養女・藤原育子(むねこ、実父は徳大寺実能)を中宮として、関白・基実とも連携して摂関家も自らの下に取り込むことに成功した。
- Also, Tadamichi's adopted daughter, FUJIWARA no Muneko (the daughter of Saneyoshi TOKUDAIJI) became the second consort of the Emperor, so the Emperor was supported by the chancellor (chief advisor to the Emperor) Motozane and he succeeded in taking control of other clans [families] eligible for positions as regents.
- 理由は書紀に明記されないが、敵味方不明の地を行く際に、少年だった大津皇子の存在を隠し、従う者の誰かが山部王らの名を騙った可能性がある。
- No reason is mentioned in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), but it is possible that the Prince Otsu's followers hid the Prince Otsu's identify because he was a minor, and a follower falsely called himself as Yamabe no Okimi since they could not identify friend or foe.
- No reason mentioned in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), but it is possible that the Prince Otsu's followers hid the Prince Otsu's identity, and someone pretended to be Yamabe no Okimi, since entering the areas they could not identify friend or foe.
- 宇多天皇-源能有によって推進された寛平の治において、季長は菅原道真・藤原忠平とともにその実務を担った貴族官僚であったと考えられている。
- In the Kanpyo no chi (Glorious Kanpyo rule) promoted by Emperor Uda and MINAMOTO no Yoshiari, it is believed that Suenaga worked as an aristocratic bureaucrat who took charge of practical business along with SUGAWARA no Michizane and FUJIWARA no Tadahira.
- なお、古事記、日本書紀の系譜記事には造作が多く、大王との婚姻譚の記載のない「オオキサキ」については、実際には姉妹等である可能性がある。
- There are many articles of genealogy in 'Kojiki' and 'Nihon Shoki' that were created and it is possible that 'Okisaki' who do not have 'konintan' (tales of marriages) with the 'Okimi' were actually sisters.
- これを採用すれば、現存の『儀式』が実は『延喜儀式』であった可能性も浮上するが、同宣旨を『延喜式』編纂に関する宣旨とする説が通説である。
- According to the above view, there is a possibility that existing 'Gishiki' was in fact 'Engi Gishiki,' but the above-mentioned decree is commonly regarded as the decree for compiling 'Engishiki.'
- 二つの乱により、それまで京武者のよりどころであった摂関家家政機構の中の武力は解体し、一方の北面武士は平家の一人勝ちにより機能停止する。
- The military power of the political structure of regent families where the samurai in the imperial capital of Kyoto was based, disintegrated after experiencing two wars, and the Hokumen no bushi (the Imperial Palace Guards for the north side) terminated its function due to a single victory of Taira family.
- 一方、ほとんどのアジア諸国で挫折ないし不可能だった近代化革命が、なぜ日本においてのみ成功したのかについても近年研究が盛んとなっている。
- In a recent historic study of Japan, the scholars try to identify the reason why only Japan's revolution to modernize the country succeeded, whereas most Asian countries failed to modernize, or found it impossible to modernize.
- 武田氏の滅亡後、北信濃を任された森長可が本能寺の変により撤退、代わって上杉景勝が進出するのに伴って高梨氏は旧領に復帰することができた。
- After the downfall of the Takeda clan, Nagayoshi MORI, who had been placed in charge of northern Shinano, retreated due to the incident at Honno-ji, and the Takanashi clan retrieved the old manor once Kagekatsu UESUGI gained ground.
- そのわずか3年後の1582年6月に光秀は本能寺の変を起こし一時天下人になるも、山崎の戦いにおいて豊臣秀吉に敗れ落命し、明智氏は滅亡する。
- In June 1582, only three years later, Mitsuhide caused the Honnoji Incident, and temporarily obtained the top position; however, he was defeated by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and died in the Battle of Yamazaki, leading to the downfall of the Akechi clan.
- 741年(天平13年)以降、国ごとに国分寺と国分尼寺が建てられることになったが、それ以前から国府機能と密着した付属寺院を持つ国もあった。
- A provincial monastery and provincial nunnery had officially been built by each province since 741, however some provinces had already built their own temple having a collusive relationship with 'Kokufu.'
- ただし、伊能は地球を球体として考えていた(実際には地球は完全な球ではなく回転楕円体に近い)ため、緯度・経度ともに若干の誤差が生じている。
- However, as INO considered the earth to be a sphere (actually it is not a complete sphere but rather a spheroid), the maps have some errors both in latitude and in longitude.
- 天正10年6月2日 (旧暦)(1582年6月21日)、織田信長とその嫡男で当主の織田信忠が本能寺の変で重臣の明智光秀によって殺害される。
- On July 1, 1582, Nobunaga ODA and Nobutada ODA, Nobunaga's heir and the family head, were killed by Nobunaga's senior vassal Mitsuhide AKECHI at Honno-ji Temple (aka. 'Honnoji Incident' [the Raid on the Honno-ji Temple]).
- 豊臣秀吉が慶長3年(1598年)に死去するとこれらの体制で政権を維持することとなったが、必ずしも法令が機能したとは言えない結果となった。
- When Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI passed away in 1598, those systems were to support the Toyotomi government; however, the laws did not always function.
- また秀吉にとって都合の良い状況で光秀と戦って勝利を収め、また本能寺の変をきっかけに秀吉が天下人となり、結果的に一番利益を得ていることから。
- It is also because Hideyoshi fought with Mitsuhide under very favorable condition and won the battle and he became a tenkabito (a person who holds the reins of government) taking advantage of Honnoji Incident and as a result, obtained the largest advantage.
- この製錬所は鉱山から遠くないばかりか、製錬に必須の無煙炭を朝鮮半島の清津から、石灰岩を九州から船で輸送することが可能な便利な位置にあった。
- Not only was this smeltery not far from the mine, but it was conveniently located for transportation of vital requirements for smelting such as anthracite from Chongjin, Korean Peninsula and limestone from Kyushu by ship.
- これを受け、2006年5月に国土地理院所管財団法人日本地図センターが「伊能大図総覧」を刊行し、伊能図が一般の目にも触れられるようになった。
- In response, Japan Map Center (administered by Geographical Survey Institute) published 'Ino Taizu Soran' (comprehensive list of the Ino large maps) in May 2006 and disclosed Ino map to the public.
- なおかつ母親の出自(いわゆる「后腹」でなければ叙位される可能性は低かった)や天皇との親疎、藤原氏などの権力者との親疎も加味されて叙された。
- In addition, the status of the mother (the possibility to be conferred was low, unless being so-called 'kisakibara' [a child by an empress]) and the degree of intimacy with the emperor and influentials such as the Fujiwara clan were considered.
- 平安時代中期以後、西曹は菅原氏、東曹は大江氏の管理下におかれ、そのままそれぞれの氏族の寄宿舎(他氏の大学別曹に相当する)としても機能した。
- After the mid Heian period, the seiso was placed under the control of the Sugawara clan and the toso was placed under the control of the Oe clan, both of which were to function also as dormitories of the clans as they were (corresponding to the Daigaku besso of the other clans.)
- また、元老でありながら参謀総長として戦争を指揮した山縣有朋の発言力が高まり、陸軍は「大陸帝国」論とロシアによる「復讐戦」の可能性を唱えた。
- The war increased the influence of Aritomo YAMAGATA who took command in the war as the Chief of the General Staff, even though he was also a Genro (elder statesman), and the Army raised the possibility that Russia could develop into a 'Continental Empire' or pursue a 'War of Revenge.'
- またこの事により、あまり政治に関与しなかった将軍であっても、幕閣の完全な傀儡になる事はなく、政権の簒奪も未然に防止することが可能となった。
- Due to this fact, even if the shogun was not involved in politics, he would not become a complete puppet of the cabinet officials, and equally usurping of power could be prevented.
- 毛利方は清水宗治に対して救援の不可能なことと、秀吉に降伏するべきという旨を伝えたが、宗治は自分の命を城とともにしたいとしてこれを拒否する。
- Mori told Muneharu SHIMIZU that they were unable to rescue him and that he should surrender to Hideyoshi, but Muneharu refused to accept it, saying he would share his fate with the castle.
- 他にも、織田政権が崩壊した理由には、極端な能力主義を採ったために、信長死後の羽柴秀吉による織田家の簒奪を許したことが主要因との意見もある。
- Another theory suggests that the Oda government collapsed because Nobunaga adopted a system of radical meritocracy, which allowed Hideyoshi HASHIBA to usurp the position of the Oda clan after Nobunaga's death.
- しかし天正10年(1582年)6月、光秀は本能寺の変を起こして信長を殺し、自らも信長の家臣・羽柴秀吉(豊臣秀吉)に討たれ、明智氏は滅亡した。
- In June 1582 Mitsuhide caused the Honnoji Incident and killed Nobunaga, but was himself defeated by Nobunaga's vassal, Hideyoshi HASHIBA (Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), a defeat which led to the demise of the Akechi clan.
- 法として機能し始めたのは「新選組」と名を改め近藤・土方を中心とする組織が整ってからで、伊東甲子太郎ら一派の粛清の際にも適用されたといわれる。
- The rules started to function as law when Roshi-gumi changed its name to 'Shinsen-gumi,' and the organization lead by KONDO/HIJIKATA had been well-established, and are said to have been applied when Kinetaro ITO and his group were purged.
- 皇族の身分に関する事柄は天皇の大権事項であるから、この準則が存在したとしても、天皇の意思があれば例外をつくることは可能であったと考えられる。
- Since the matters in relation to Imperial rank was under Emperor Taikenjiko's control (Emperor has right to control), even if this regulation existed, it was possible for the Emperor to make an exception if he wished to do so.
- 以仁王は二条天皇の准母・八条院の猶子になっているため元服の背景には、後白河や平氏一門に対抗する旧二条親政派の支援があった可能性も考えられる。
- Prince Mochihito might have been supported by the old force close to the Nijo that was against Goshirakawa and the Taira clan performing a Genpuku Ceremony since he was adopted by Hachijo-in, junbo (a woman of comparable standing to the birth mother of an emperor) of Emperor Nijo.
- さらに、第26代継体天皇が、新しい系統を開いた可能性があるという説がある(ただしその根拠である『日本書紀』は、一系の連綿性を明記している)。
- There is another theory that the 26th Emperor Keitai founded a different family line (this theory is based on the 'Nihonshoki' but this book emphasized the unbroken Imperial line).
- また、婚約の勅許を下した仁孝天皇は、「水戸は先代以来、政教能く行われ、世々勤王の志厚しとかや、宮の為には良縁なるべし」と満足したといわれる。
- When the Emperor Ninko gave permission for the marriage, he was satisfied with it, saying as following: 'Because the Mito Domain have been dedicated to both religions and politics since the period of their predecessors, and have been highly loyal to the emperors for generations, this marriage should be good for the Princess.
- この宣告によって、政治権力が孝謙上皇のもとに移ったとする理解と、御璽を保持しつづけていた淳仁天皇が依然と権能を発揮していたとする見解がある。
- Due to this declaration, some researchers think that the political power was moved to Retired Empress Koken, others say that Emperor Junnin still exerted his power because he had possessed Gyoji (the Imperial Seal).
- また、村落や町(ちょう)が、自らの共同体的な機能を維持するために住民に賦課する人足役(掃除・普請・番・荷物持ち)も「夫役」と呼ぶ場合がある。
- Additionally, villages and towns sometimes used the word 'buyaku' in reference to ninsokuyaku (cleanup, construction, guard and porter) that they imposed on residents in order to maintain their own communal functions.
- 元章は国学の影響を受け、「明和の改正」と言われる能の詞章の大変更を行い、新たに謡本を編纂したが、本著はその目録に作者名を注記したものである。
- Influenced by the study of (ancient) Japanese literature and culture, Motoakira undertook a major revision of noh poetry and prose known as the 'Meiwa no Kaitei' (lit. Major Revision during the Meiwa era) and compiled utaibon (books of words and musical notation for noh plays); this book has the names of its writers annotated in the catalogue of the book.
- 甲州金および江戸時代の通貨体系となった「両」および「分」は、これを基に定められた可能性が高く、薬種の量目も金銀の単位体系に準じたものである。
- ryo' and 'bu,' which were incorporated into Koshu-kin and the currency system of the Edo period, were highly likely to have been based on the previously-mentioned system, and the weight units' system of drugs was modeled after that of gold and silver.
- 俗称として「文章道」という言葉もまた通用していた可能性はあるものの、「文章道」が公式な学科名として用いられたことは無かったと考えられている。
- The term 'monjodo' may have been used as a common name; however, it is believed that 'monjodo' was never used as an official name for the subject.
- また、正重は文明開化とともに衰微する一方であった京都の民間芸能の保存にも熱心で、祇園祭の長刀鉾の稚児の世話役や壬生狂言の維持会長などを勤めた。
- Masashige was also keen on preserving folk performing arts in Kyoto that had been declining along with the progress of civilization and enlightenment and he took care of children who joined and rode the Naginata (long-handled sword) float in Gion Festival and served as chairperson of the preservation committee of Mibu Kyogen (pantomime performed in Mibu-dera Temple).
- 江戸時代末期、毛利敬親の時、長州征伐等により幕府から圧迫を受けたが、吉田松陰や高杉晋作、桂小五郎等の有能な人材を輩出し、明治維新を成就させた。
- In the end of Edo period, during the generation of Takachika Mori, the Mori clan suffered the oppression from the Edo bakuhu,including the subjugation of Choshu; however, the clan produced brilliant figures such as Shoin YOSHIDA, Shinsaku TAKASUGI, and Kogoro KATSURA and succeeded the Meiji Restoration.
- しかし、正式に中御門を家名としたのは、宗家の曾孫にあたる中御門宗雅・中御門宗実兄弟が宗俊の笙・笛の才能と名声を慕って付けたものと言われている。
- It is believed, however, that the family adopted Nakamikado as their official family name because Muneie's great-grandsons, Munemasa NAKAMIKADO and Munezane NAKAMIKADO (who were brothers), changed their family name to Nakamikado out of respect for Munetoshi's talent and fame in playing the sho and the Japanese flute.
- また、外戚関係を媒介に摂政関白として政務にあたる摂関政治と異なって、院政は直接的な父権に基づくものであったため、専制的な統治を可能としていた。
- Because insei was based on direct paternal rights, contrary to the Sekkan government, whereby the regents/kampakus conducted political affairs through their ties as cognates of the Emperor, insei facilitated a despotic form of government.
- 帝国議会開設当初は、超然主義を唱える藩閥政府と衆議院に依拠する政党勢力が鋭く対立衝突したが、天皇はしばしば詔勅を発し、調停者的機能を発揮した。
- In the beginning of the opening of the Imperial Diet, there was often conflict between the Han-dominated government who support the detached policy, and the government force who was based on the House of Representatives, the Emperor sometimes issued an order and worked as an arbitrator.
- 従来の日本地図とは異なり、実測を元にした非常に正確・精密な地図の質の高さに幕府上層部も大いに驚き、伊能の測量事業への支援を強化することとなる。
- The top management of the Bakufu was greatly surprised at the high quality of the very accurate and precise maps which were drawn on the basis of local survey unlike the previous maps of Japan and decided to strengthen support for INO's survey operations.
- 並び称せられた「堺」の銃は、豪華な装飾金具や象嵌が施された「見た目の付加価値」であるのに対し、国友の製品は「機能美的」に洗練された秀作が多い。
- Whereas guns made in Sakai City, which was also well known for the manufacture of firearms, were famous mainly for their artistic value, such as elaborate metal works and beautiful inlays, many of the firearms manufactured in Kunitomo were excellent works of functional beauty.
- その一方で農業生産性の低い土地では、連作が不可能なために人為的に耕作と休耕を繰り返す土地利用も現れたこうした土地を片荒(かたあらし)と呼んだ。
- On the other hand, property with low agricultural productivity could not sustain continuous cropping and property that was deliberately cultivated on alternate years was called Kataarashi.
- よって、花粉を多く発生させるところや人口密集地への影響の大きなところから林業面での対策を行うなど、効率的な取り組みができる可能性を秘めている。
- These have made it possible to implement forestry countermeasures and effective initiatives in locations that produce large quantities of pollen and in which there is a great effect on densely-populated areas.
- そして、翌年の関ヶ原の戦いでは東軍として戦い、戦後西軍に属した島津氏より召し上げた能勢の所領5千4百石を与えられ旧領を回復することの成功した。
- Then during the Battle of Sekigahara, which took place the following year (1600), he fought on the side of the East Squad and after the battle he successfully regained his former territory when he was given the land totaling 5400 koku in Nose which was seized from the Shimazu clan, who had been on the side of the West Squad.
- また、建長年間(貞応と正嘉の間の時期)に押小路烏丸殿の施設が存在したかも不明であり、少なくても二条良実が押小路烏丸殿の主であった可能性は低い。
- Furthermore, there is a question as to whether the buildings of Oshikoji Karasumadono residence actually existed during the Kencho era (the period between the Joo era and Shoka era), and as such, the possibility that Yoshizane NIJO was the lord of Oshikoji Karasumadono is small.
- また房能の兄で関東管領上杉顕定が為景を一旦は放逐するが、永正7年(1510年)の長森原の戦いに為景方の援軍として出陣して顕定を敗死させている。
- Akisada UESUGI of Kanto kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), a brother of Fusayoshi, ejected Tamekage, but went to fight in the Battle of Nagamorihara in 1510 for the Tamekage side, whereupon he died.
- ここに秀長の本隊が救援にきたが、状況を見た軍監の尾藤知宣は救援は不可能、島津の軍に当たるべからずと秀長に進言し、秀長は救援の中止を受け入れた。
- Then the main force of Hidenaga arrived to relieve the allies, but seeing the situation, Tomonobu BITO, who was a gungen (assistant deputy general), figured that relief was difficult and advised Hidenaga not to become engaged with the Shimazu army, to which Hidenaga followed.
- 隆直は翌年平貞能追討軍に降伏し、以後、平家の家人として源平合戦に従軍したものの、壇ノ浦の戦いにおよんで源氏清和源氏方に寝返り御家人に名を連ねた。
- The following year, Takanao surrendered the army of TAIRA no Sadayoshi which was for searching and killing him, and he took part in the Genpei War as a retainer of the Taira family, but during the Battle of Dannoura, he changed sides to the Seiwa Genji of the Minamoto clan and became its gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo Periods).
- 天正10年(1582年)、本能寺の変の直後に主君織田信長を討った明智光秀の軍と信長の重臣豊臣秀吉の軍が山城国山崎において激突した(山崎の戦い)。
- In 1582, soon after the Honnoji Incident (June 21, 1582), the army of Mitsuhide AKECHI (who killed his lord Nobunaga ODA in the incident) fought against the army of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI (a senior vassal of Nobunaga) at Yamazaki in Yamashiro Province (the Battle of Yamazaki, July 2, 1582).
- 近江進攻軍とともにあり、指揮の実際は諸将に委ねたとみるのが自然だが、なお和蹔にあってさらに遠方から来る軍を受け入れたとみることも不可能ではない。
- While it would be natural to understand that he was with the advancing troops upon Omi and put the actual military command into the hands of the warlords, it would not be impossible to understand that he stayed in Wazami to receive the troops from more distant places.
- 能登内親王(のとのひめみこ、のとないしんのう、天平7年(733年) - 天応 (日本)元年(781年)2月17日 (旧暦))は、奈良時代の皇族。
- The Imperial Princess Noto (735 - March 20, 781) was a member of the Imperial Family who lived in the Nara period.
- 1869年にはエジンバラ公爵の来日に際して能が演じられたが、1872年(明治5年)には能・狂言の「皇上ヲ模擬シ、上ヲ猥涜」するものが禁止された。
- Although Noh performance was conducted when The Duke of Edinburgh visited Japan in 1869, a government order was issued in 1872 by which Noh/kyogen that 'mocks or insults the Emperor' was prohibited.
- その後、石田氏と婚姻を重ねて京極氏の被官となり、戦国時代 (日本)には石田三成を輩出(石田三成が、名門蘆名氏の流れを自称した可能性もある)した。
- Thereafter, his family members entered into matrimony with the members of the Ishida family to be hikan (low-level bureaucrat) of the Kyogoku clan, from which Mitsunari ISHIDA was descended in the Warring States period (Japan) (Mitsunari ISHIDA may have announced himself a descendant of the distinguished Ashina clan).
- 諸藩においてもこれにならって旌表があいついでおこなわれ、「芸備孝義録」、「加能越三州良民伝」などをはじめ、この種の善行表彰録の刊行はおおかった。
- Various feudal clans carried out the practice one after another, following the bakufu's awards, and published many collections of documents of awards granted for good deeds including 'Geibikogiroku' and 'Kanoetsu sanshu ryominden.'
- 武芸の実務、技能官人たる武士もこの両身分にまたがっており、在京の清和源氏や桓武平氏などの軍事貴族が諸大夫身分、大多数の在地武士が侍身分であった。
- Technical officers who did the practical work of military art were divided into these two statuses and the military aristocracies such as Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) or Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) and so on, who were staying in Kyoto, were in the shodaibu status and the majority of local bushi were in the samurai status.
- 歴史的には能楽や女歌舞伎の舞台で秀でた女性に「太夫」(舞太夫、能太夫)の称号が与えられたことから、嶋原の太夫は舞踊を習得していることが必須である。
- Historically, the title of 'Tayu' (Bu dayu and Noh dayu) has been awarded to those females who excelled in Noh plays and women's kabuki, and accordingly, the tayu in Shimabara are required to master classical Japanese dance.
- 峠から麓までアスファルトで舗装されており、道幅も1.8車線程度、狭窄しても1.5車線程度までにしかならないので、普通車同士の離合も十分可能である。
- The road is paved with asphalt from the foot to the peak with 1.8 lanes wide, or still with 1.5 lanes wide in the narrowest part, so standard-sized cars can pass each other easily.
- もっとも、このような一連の現象は、逆に言えば、天皇という地位が制度的に安定し、他の勢力からその存立を脅かされる可能性が薄らいだことの反映でもある。
- However, this series of phenomena, oppositely reflecting the fact that the position of the Emperor was stabilized, and the possibility of the threat being abolished had been reduced.
- また天皇が「お前が結んだ下紐は、誰が解いてくれるのか」と尋ねると、姫は「旦波比古多多須美知能宇斯王に兄比売と弟比売という姉妹がいます。」と応えた。
- The Emperor continued asking, 'who on earth will untie the strings of my under-kilt you tied?' and she answered, 'Tanihanohikotatasumichino-ushinoo has two daughters called Ehime and Otohime, respectively.'
- 笛・鼓・ささらなどの囃しにあわせて踊る田楽も同様に貴族の関心をひくようになり、やがて京都や奈良にはいって芸能化されると、宮廷にも流れ込んでいった。
- Dengaku, a dance in time with hayashi (musical accompaniment played on traditional Japanese instruments) such as fue (Japanese flute), drum, sasara (a Japanese traditional percussion instrument) also started drawing attentions of court nobles; it eventually was introduced to the Imperial Court after it entered Kyoto or Nara and became a public entertainment.
- また、蘭学を奨励し、工藤平助らの提案によって最上徳内を蝦夷地に派遣し、新田開発や鉱山開発さらにアイヌを通じた対ロシア帝国交易の可能性を調査させた。
- He encouraged Western studies, and following the suggestion of Heisuke KUDO, dispatched Tokunai MOGAMI to Ezo to investigate the potential for development of new rice fields or mines and trade with the Russian Empire through the intermediation of the Ainu.
- さらに1987年の球場外野席改修工事で、破壊されたと考えられていた遺構の一部が良好な状態で発見され、残る遺構も同様に残存している可能性が浮上した。
- Furthermore, some of the ancient structural remnants were discovered in good condition when repair work for the outfield bleachers of the stadium was being conducted in 1987, which raised the expectation that other remnants were remaining.
- 釈迦はこのような社会に登場し、すべての人々(牧畜業、漁業関係者などの生物の命を奪う職業の人々も含む)が輪廻転生可能であることを説き、信仰を集めた。
- Shakyamuni appeared in such a society and preached that every one (including those whose occupations required that they take the lives of living things, such as stockbreeders and fishermen) could perform Rinne Tensho, to whom believers gathered.
- 「侍」という漢字には、元来 「貴族のそばで仕えて仕事をする」という意味があるが、武士に類する武芸を家芸とする技能官人を意味するのは日本だけである。
- The kanji (Chinese character) '侍' originally meant 'to be on hand to work for and serve an aristocrat,' and only in Japan is the word used to refer to ginou kanjin (culturally and academically accomplished palace officials) with military skills who belonged to the bushi class.
- 阿倍氏には『日本書紀』などでも外国への使者などに派遣される人物が多く、倉梯麻呂は家柄のみならずそれなりの見識を買われて新政権に参加した可能性が高い。
- Probably Kurahashimaro was invited to join the new administration due to his considerable wisdom rather than just for his family lineage, because many members of the Abe clan were sent to foreign countries as emissaries according to 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan).
- ISDNは使用可能だが、ADSLやFTTHといった今日的な通信サービスは一切提供されておらず、携帯電話網も含めて今後整備される見通しは立っていない。
- ISDN is usable but no advanced communication services, such as ADSL and FTTH, are available, with no prospect of these services, including a cell-phone network, being provided.
- 当時皇太子基王が急死し、自らも病弱であった聖武天皇に万が一の事があれば、天皇の叔母にあたる内親王やその子供達の皇位継承の可能性もあったと考えられる。
- If Prince Motoi, the Crown Prince suddenly died and if anything happened to Emperor Shomu who was sick himself at that time, the Imperial Princess who was the aunt of the Emperor and her sons were thought to have had the possibility of succeeding the Imperial Throne.
- 70歳を超えても政務に精励したが、天応元年(781年)2月第一皇女能登内親王に先立たれてから心身ともに俄かに衰え、同年4月、病を理由に皇太子に譲位。
- The emperor persevered in affairs of state even after he became 70 years old, but after Imperial Princess Noto, his first Princess, died in February 781, he deteriorated suddenly both physically and mentally and abdicated the throne to his crown prince for health reasons in May of the same year.
- 当時、地球の緯度1度の長さについて、30里、32里あるいは25里などと諸説があったなか、高橋・伊能師弟はこれを正確に測定するという目標を有していた。
- In those days there were several theories about the latitudinal length of the earth, argued whether it was 30-ri ('ri' is about 3.927km), 32-ri or 25-ri, and TAKAHASHI and INO aimed to measure this length correctly.
- 温室効果ガス削減が容易ではない国は少ない費用で削減が可能となり、削減が容易な国は対価を求めて大量の削減が望めるという、2つの効果を念頭に置いている。
- Two effects are taken into consideration, that is, the countries which have difficulty in reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases can realize it at low cost, whereas the countries not having difficulty in reducing the emissions can achieve remuneration for the emissions reduction in large quantities.
- 二人はそれまでの慣例を破って武智鉄二の演出した新劇や歌舞伎に出演するなど、積極的に他芸と交わっていったため、能楽協会から退会勧告を受けたこともあった。
- They broke an old custom and performed in a new type of drama, Shingeki, directed by Tetsuji TAKECHI, or Kabuki and positively interacted with other arts, for which they were once urged to leave the Noh Association.
- 滅亡の原因は、一般的に言われている氏真の「無能」ぶり以上に、父・義元の度重なる外征がもたらした領国内の疲弊が深刻であったため、と近年では言われている。
- It is said recently that the clan collapsed because the economy of the territories worsened due to frequent wars by his father Yoshimoto rather than because Ujimasa was 'incompetent' as was generally rumored.
- 7世紀には、飛鳥は古代日本の政治と文化の中心地となり、都市機能の整備が行われるなど、宮都の様相を呈していたので、「飛鳥京」とも呼ばれていた(『紀』)。
- In the seventh century, Asuka became a central place of politics and culture in ancient Japan, and it is called 'Asuka no miyako' as it took on the character of a capital with city functions developed ('Ki' [also known as 'Nihonshoki,' or Chronicles of Japan]).
- 同峠の開通以前の舞鶴から宮津市方面へは向かう場合は大船峠が利用されていたが、明治時代に地域の要望で開通、現在ではバイパス道路としての機能も有している。
- When heading to Miyazu City from Maizuru, the Ofuna-toge Mountain Pass was used before this mountain pass was available; however, this mountain pass became available in the Meiji period in response to a request by local people, and works as a bypass road at present.
- これらの山小屋は、昼(10~16)は売店として営業しているほか、ご来光を待つ観光客や登山者のために、一部の小屋では仮眠のための宿泊も可能となっている。
- They are open during daytime (10 to 16) as a stand and some of them also provide accommodations for taking a nap for tourists and climbers who want to pray to the rising sun from the summit of the mountain.
- 「イリ」が後世の創作とは考えにくいことから、これらの大王・王族は実在の可能性が高まり、崇神を始祖とする「イリ王朝」「三輪王朝」説なども提唱されている。
- As it is difficult to believe that 'iri' was a later creation, this increases the likelihood that these kings and royals really existed and advocates the theory that Emperor Sujin was the progenitor of the Iri and Miwa Dynasties.
- その過程でそれぞれの氏や家に附属する所領や荘園、持仏堂などの施設が一族内部を統制する機能を持ち、氏長者や家長などの本主によって管理されるようになった。
- In that process, shoryo and shoen which belonged to each clan and each house, as well as facilities such as jibutsudo (Buddhist sanctuaries) had assumed functions to control the clan; at that time, the main family such as Uji no Choja (chieftain) or kacho (family head) began to manage them.
- 菊池氏滅亡後、肥後国豪族米良氏が菊池能運の子菊池重次の末裔を名乗り江戸時代に交代寄合に列せられ、明治時代になって菊池姓への復帰を許され男爵になっている。
- After the the Kikuchi clan perished, the Mera clan, a local ruling family in Higo Province, proclaimed that the Mera clan was a descendant of Shigetsugu KIKUCHI, Yoshiyuki KIKUCHI's son, and was appointed to be a member of Kotaiyoriai (a alternate member of yoriai [the top decision making organ], a family status of samurai warriors in the Edo period) in the Edo period, and in the Meiji period, was allowed to use the family name 'Kikuchi,' was conferred the baronage.
- 能運の死後肥後国では下克上が進み戦国時代 (日本)に突入したとされるが、菊池氏の遺領は菊池三家老と言われた赤星氏・城氏・隈部氏等が領するところとなった。
- it is said that after Yoshiyuki's death, Kyushu underwent an agitated period of gekokujo (the revolt of vassals against their lords), then entered the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), and the posthumous territories of the Kikuchi clan was divisively owned by the so called 'three chief retainers of Kikuchi,' the Akaboshi clan, the Jo clan, the Kumabe clan, etc.
- 12月16日(1月21日)、山本・高階・伊良子と、高階経由の息子・経徳の計4名で改めて拝診した結果、天皇が痘瘡(天然痘)に罹患している可能性が浮上する。
- On January 21, after four people, Yamamoto, Takashina, Irako and 高階経由's son, Tsunenori conducted medical examinations, they came across the possibility that the Emperor might have been infected with smallpox.
- 『平治物語』によれば「今様狂い」と称されるほどの遊び人であり、「文にあらず、武にもあらず、能もなく、芸もなし」と同母兄・崇徳上皇に酷評されていたという。
- According to 'Heiji Monogatari' (The Tale of Heiji), Goshirakawa was crazy about singing 'Imayo songs' and his half older brother, the Retired Emperor Suko made a critical comment about Goshirakawa by saying, 'He has no talent in literature, sword fighting, no special skills and no artistic skills'
- このような異表記が見られるということは、かつては「上宮記」以外にも継体の出自系譜を伝える史料が存在した可能性(例えば『日本書紀』の系図)を示唆している。
- Since there were different writing expressions used for one person in historical books, we can also consider that there were possible historical materials which existed to support the origins of the family tree chart for the Emperor Keitai, other than the 'Joguki' (For example, family tree charts of 'Nihonshoki' [Chronicles of Japan]).
- 聖武天皇の皇女・不破内親王の夫で塩焼王自身も天武天皇の皇孫であることや豊成・永手といった藤原氏内部からの支持もあった塩焼王には皇位継承の可能性があった。
- There was a possibility that Prince Shioyaki would succeed to the Imperial Throne in view of the facts that he was the husband of Imperial Princess Fuwa, a Princess of Emperor Shomu, that Prince Shioyaki himself was a grandchild of Emperor Tenmu, and that he was supported by such members of the Fujiwara clan as Toyonari and Nagate.
- 古い遺品は見当たらないが、厳島神社の小型檜扇は胡粉地のうえ表裏ともほぼ同じ絵であるなど記録によくかなうことが注目され、これと同様の品だった可能性が高い。
- Although there is no articles left today, a small hiogi at the Itsukushima-jinja Shrine is whitewash and has the same pictures on the both faces as described in the old records, so it is highly possible that a whitewash fan was something like the one at the Itsukushima.
- なお、徳川家も秀吉と同じく大和四座を保護していたが、秀忠は大和四座を離れた猿楽師であった喜多七太夫長能に保護を与え、元和年間に喜多流の創設を認めている。
- As with Hideyoshi, the Tokugawa family protected Yamato-shiza, but Hidetada protected Kita Shichidayu Nagayoshi, sarugaku-shi who seceded from Yamato-shiza, and approved the establishment of the Kita school during the Genna era.
- こうした大規模な土木工事が可能になったということは、技術の発達とともに、多くの労働力を使えるだけの権力をもち、広範囲に支配を広げた王権の成立を意味する。
- The fact that such large-scale public works were possible implies the development of work skills and the establishment of the royal authority which not only had the power to mobilize a large workforce but also the control over a wide-ranging area.
- 戦闘に堪え得る乗馬と鎧、そして馬を乗りこなしての騎射(弓)の訓練ができる者とは、平安時代後期ではごく一握りの特種技能集団でしかあり得なかったはずである。
- Only a handful of special skill unit forces existed during the late Heian period, that could go through horseback training, wear armor, and practice horseback skills that could stand battle, and could shoot arrows while riding a horse.
- 7月29日には重盛が死去するが、10月9日の除目で院近臣の藤原季能が越前守となり、仁安 (日本)元年(1166年)以来の重盛の知行国が没収されてしまう。
- Shigemori passed away on September 9 (July 29 in old lunar calendar), but FUJIWARA no Sueyoshi, who was the trusted vassal of the cloistered emperor, became Governor of Echizen Province in Jimoku (ceremony for appointing officials) of November 16 (October 9 in old lunar calendar), and chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom) of Shigemori after 1166 was confiscated.
- 戦国時代(日本)になると越後国に下り、八条龍松を上杉房能の養子とするなどして越後への政治的介入を強めたが、その過程で越後守護代長尾氏と対立するようになる。
- Once the Sengoku Period (Japan's Warring States period) began, the family relocated to Echigo Province, strengthening their involvement in local politics in Echigo through such means as arranging to have Ryumatsu HACHIJO adopted by Fusayoshi UESUGI; in the process, however, they came into conflict with Echigo's Shugodai (deputy governor) family, the Nagao clan.
- しかし、「意富富杼(おほほど)=大ホド」は継体の「袁本杼=小ホド」と対応する名であることから、本来の系譜には継体の兄として位置付けられていた可能性もある。
- However, since the written characters of Prince Ohodo, '意富富杼' (Ohodo meaning large hodo), correspond to the characters of Keitai, '袁本杼' (Ohoso meaning small hodo), the possibility remains that Prince Ohodo was positioned as an elder brother of Keitai in the original genealogy table.
- 現皇室の男系の血統が断絶する可能性が高まり、2004年(平成16年)11月頃から小泉純一郎内閣総理大臣が皇位の女系継承を容認する皇室典範の改正を提起した。
- In November 2004, with the growing concerns over the male lineage disappearance in the present Imperial Family, the Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi at the time proposed to revise the Imperial House Act so as to accept female successors to the imperial throne.
- 1582年(天正10年)6月の本能寺の変の後に行われた清洲会議では、明智討伐に功があった堀秀政に与えられ、その後、堀家の転封にともない堀尾吉晴が入城した。
- At the Kiyosu Council, which occurred in the sixth month of 1582 following the Honnoji Incident (in which Nobunaga died, betrayed by his vassal Mitsuhide AKECHI), the castle was awarded to Hidemasa HORI, who had won distinction during the hunting down of the Akechi forces, but thereafter, following a transition of the leadership of the Hori clan, it was Yoshiharu HORIO who occupied it.
- 後白河と頼朝の橋渡しに奔走していた平頼盛はすでに逃亡しており(『百錬抄』『玉葉』10月20日条)、親鎌倉派の一条能保・持明院基家も相次いで鎌倉に亡命した。
- TAIRA no Yorimori, who had been scrambling to act as an intermediary between Goshirakawa and Yoritomo, had already escaped ('Hyakuren sho' and 'Gyokuyo,' entry of December 13), and pro-shogunate Yoshiyasu ICHIJO and Motoie JIMYOIN defected to Kamakura one after another.
- また、上奏権や建議権が限定付きながら与えられた(最終的には天皇の裁可と国務大臣の副署が必要であったが、建議権を通じた事実上の政策への関与が可能とされた)。
- And the Imperial Diet was also given limited rights to report and make proposals to the emperor (They could participate in politics using the right to make proposal to the emperor even though they needed to obtain approval of the emperor and countersignature of Minister of State when making a final decision.)
- その後上杉軍は柴田勝家を主将に前田利家、佐々成政らからなる織田軍の攻勢を本能寺の変までしのいだものの、武田軍は織田本隊と徳川連合軍によって滅亡させられた。
- After that, Uesugi's forces held out against attacks by Oda's forces, including Katsuie SHIBATA, the leader of the forces, Toshiie MAEDA, and Narimasa SASSA, until the Honnoji Incident, but Takeda's forces were ruined by the allied forces of Oda's main troops and Tokugawa's forces.
- 職業は時代によって差があり、井戸掘りや造園業、湯屋、医師、代言人(弁護士)、能役者(主役級)、歌舞伎役者、野鍛冶のように早期に脱賎化に成功した職業もある。
- There was a difference in the occupations depending on the period, and some of them managed to escape from Senmin at an early stage, such as well diggers, landscape gardeners, bathhouse, doctors, those who pled (lawyers), Noh performers (lead roles), Kabuki performers and blacksmiths.
- 大阪湾の港も兵庫区や神崎 (尼崎市)、堺市が注目されるが、平安時代や鎌倉時代、室町時代の間も渡辺津がひきつづき淀川河口における港湾の機能を果たし続けていた。
- Although the seaports in Hyogo Ward, Kanzaki in Amagasaki City, and Sakai City attract attention in the Osaka Bay, Watanabe no tsu was continuously functioning as the seaport at the river mouth of the Yodo-gawa River through the Heian period, the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period.
- これによって平城の直系は皇位の可能性がなくなったものの、嵯峨は内外の批判を恐れて自分の実子を擁立する事に躊躇して弟の大伴親王(後の淳和天皇)を皇太弟とした。
- Due to this the direct Imperial line, Emperor Heizei lost the possibility to succeed to the throne, Emperor Saga was afraid of being criticized from both inside and outside the palace, he hesitated to appoint his own child to succeed to the throne, he appointed his younger brother, Imperial Prince Otomo (later called Emperor Junna) to become the second successor of the Crown Prince.
- しかし、鮒の包み焼きが近江の名物であったことや、話の最後に登場する高階氏が高市皇子の後裔であることから、スパイ説は後世の人間による創作の可能性が極めて高い。
- However, there is a strong possibility that the above espionage theory was made up in later ages in view of the facts that the stuffed and baked crucian carp was a local specialty of Omi Province and that the Takashina clan which appeared at the end of the anecdote was a descendant of Prince Takechi (Takechi no Miko).
- 菅原道真から「宮中要須之人也、聖主所照不更具陳」(『菅家文章』)と評価された季長の死は、前月の源能有の死に続くもので、宇多天皇(上皇)に大きな打撃を与えた。
- SUGAWARA no Michizane praised Suenaga as he said in the 'Kanke Bunso' (an anthology of Chinese-style poetry written by SUGAWARA no Michizane) that Suenaga was an irreplaceable person not only for the Imperial Court but also for this country, and Emperor Uda was severely shocked because he lost such an important person in addition to MINAMOTO no Yoshiari, who had passed away in the previous month.
- しかしその具体例として引用される約70番の能の謡について、「○○作」「××曲」という形で作曲者が明記されており、研究においては作者付に準じて用いられている。
- However, it is used as a sakushazuke, since the approximately 70 noh songs cited are listed in the format of 'written by XX' and 'composed by XX.'
- 宇多天皇は、891年(寛平3年)の関白藤原基経の死後摂関を置かず、源能有を事実上の首班として藤原時平と菅原道真、平季長等の近臣を重用し各種政治改革を行った。
- Emperor Uda did not appoint Sekkan (regents and advisers) after the death of Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Mototsune in 891, and carried out various political reforms using MINAMOTO no Yoshiari as a virtual leader, promoting trusted vassals such as FUJIWARA no Tokihira, SUGAWARA no Michizane, and TAIRA no Suenaga.
- この体制を担う貴族や官人の家組織の中では、子弟や外部から能力を見込んだ弟子に対し、幼少期から家業たる専門業務の英才教育をほどこして家業を担う人材を育成した。
- Aristocrats and government officials who undertook such authority and duty developed human resources: they pampered their children as well as gifted disciples.
- 現在能楽協会に属する狂言師としては、木村正雄(3世千作門下)・佐々木千吉(同)・網谷正美(4世千作門下)・松本薫(同)・丸石やすし(2世千之丞門下)らがいる。
- Other Kyogen performers who belong to the Noh Association now are Masao KIMURA (follower of the 3rd Sensaku), Senkichi SASAKI (also follower of the 3rd Sensaku), Masami AMITANI (follower of the 4th Sensaku), Kaoru MATSUMOTO (also follower of the 4th Sensaku), and Yasushi MARUISHI (follower of the 2nd Sennojo).
- 院政の下では、「治天の君」が次代・次々代の天皇を指名できたので、比較的安定した皇位継承が実現でき、皇位継承に「治天の君」の意向を反映させることも可能であった。
- Under the insei system, as the 'chiten-no-kimi' was able to nominate his immediate and subsequent successors to the throne, a relatively stable Imperial succession was possible; moreover, it was possible to reflect the intention of the 'chiten-no-kimi' in the Imperial succession.
- また今までの権限を強化するとともに、特定非営利活動法人(NPO法人)の認証や大規模小売店舗の届出確認など府から新たな権限を委譲するなど機能強化が図られている。
- In addition to retaining the former administrative power, the new bureaus had their functions strengthened: for example the right to certify non-profit organizations (NPO corporations) and those to check large-scale retail stores were transferred from the prefectural government to these bureaus.
- 太政大臣三条実行(三条家祖)は異母兄、中納言西園寺通季(西園寺家祖)・左大臣徳大寺実能(徳大寺家祖)・大炊御門経実室藤原公子(二条天皇の外祖母)らは同母兄姉。
- Her half older brother was the Grand Minister, Saneyuki SANJO (the originator of the Sanjo family), her real older brothers and sisters were Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), Michisue SAIONJI (the originator of the Saionji family), Sadaijin (Minister of the left), Saneyoshi TOKUDAIJI (the originator of Tokudaiji family), the wife of Tsunezane OIMIKADO, FUJIWARA no Koshi (Emperor Nijo's maternal grand mother).
- なお、その後も2007年1月に、やはり海上保安庁から高画質の原寸模写図3枚を含む色彩模写図が発見されるなど、まだまだ状態の良い伊能図が発見される可能性はある。
- Considering that colorful replicas including three sheets of high-quality full-sized replicas were discovered at Japan Coast Guard again in January 2007, it is still possible to discover more copies of Ino map in good condition.
- その後、伊能家から献納された伊能図の控えは東京大学の附属図書館に保管されることとなったが、これも大正12年(1923年)の関東大震災ですべて焼失してしまった。
- Later, the duplicate copy of Ino map dedicated by the Ino family was kept at Tokyo University Library, but it was also burned down at the time of the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923.
- 気候変動枠組条約および京都議定書により定められた義務については、その約束が遵守されることを担保するため、罰則規定のように機能する規定が設けられることとなった。
- As for duties subscribed by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, in order to make the duties fulfilled, regulations which would function as penalties were set up.
- 泗川は日本軍の策源地であった釜山広域市と日本軍最左翼の順天倭城・南海倭城の中間に位置する為、ここを落とされると西方にいる軍との連絡が分断される可能性があった。
- Since Sacheon City was located midway between Busan Metropolitan City of the supply base of the Japanese army and Suncheon Waeseong and Namhae Waeseong (Namhae Japanese Castle) at the extreme left wing of the Imperial Japanese Army, the communication with the army on the western side would be cut off if the city fell.
- この新制の審議手続と法文配列が以後の先例とされたことが、約200年後の九条兼実の日記『玉葉』建久元年11月1日条に記された手続の様子から知ることが可能である。
- It is possible to learn that the procedure for discussion in connection with this shinsei and arrangement of provisions of the law were made a precedent for issuance of the subsequent shinsei, from the description of the procedure in an article dated November 1, 1190 of 'Gyokuyo,' the diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane about two hundred years later.
- 歴代の徳川将軍は能力の優劣はあったとしても、それぞれにおいてそれなりに政治に関与していた事実は確かであり、また逆に完全に独裁者として振る舞っていた訳でもない。
- Although some were more competent than others, every shogun was to at least some extent involved in politics, and it is also true that none of them acted as a complete dictator.
- しかし茨木童子は逃げ延びたとされ、その後も頼光四天王の一人である渡辺綱と一条戻り橋や羅生門で戦った故事が後世の説話集や能、謡曲、歌舞伎などで語り継がれている。
- But it is said that Ibaraki Doji managed to escape, and accounts of his subsequent duels with WATANABE no Tsuna, one of Yorimitsu's Four Heavenly Warriors, on Ichijo modoribashi bridge and at Rashomon gate have been passed down over the years as entries in collections of setsuwa tales as well as in Noh plays, Noh songs, and Kabuki plays.
- 本論争は直接的には、この動きを信長の強制と見るか否かを争うものであるが、その論を立脚点とした織田政権の将来構想や本能寺の変の背景に対する考察を含むものである。
- The point of the argument is whether the move was forced by Nobunaga or not, while other issues which could be derived from the main argument include considerations to the grand plan of the Oda administration and the background of the Honnoji Incident.
- 時忠は壇ノ浦の合戦後、能登国に流され没落したが、時忠の弟平親宗の子孫(唐橋家)や叔父平信範の子孫(西洞院家・安居院家・烏丸家)は鎌倉時代以降も公家として続いた。
- After the Battle of Dan no ura, Tokitada was exiled to the Noto Province and died there, but the descendants of his brother TAIRA no Chikamune (the Karahashi family) and those of his uncle TAIRA no Nobunori (the Nishinotoin family, the Agoin family and the Karasumaru family) survived as court nobles through the Kamakura period.
- 戦国時代 (日本)に世尊寺家(能書で名高い)が断絶し、世尊寺行高の門人だった持明院基春が朝廷の書役を務め、以後書道の家として入木道伝授の宗家(持明院流)となる。
- During the Sengoku period (period of warring states), the Sesonji family (famous for Nosho - excellent calligraphy) ended, so Motoharu JIMYOIN, a disciple of Yukitaka SESONJI, worked as a cleric in the Imperial Court, and since then the family served as the head family for the initiation of calligraphy.
- たとえば、「下丸屋町」という町は、京都市役所や本能寺の近くの「河原町通御池下る」にあるほか、そこから数百メートル西北方の「小川通夷川上る」にも同じ名の町がある。
- For example, while there is a town named 'Shimomaruya-cho' in 'Kawaramachi-dori Oike-sagaru' near Kyoto City Hall and Honno-ji Temple, another exists in 'Ogawa-dori Ebisugawa-agaru' which is few hundred meters to the northwest from there.
- 長和3年(1014年)ごろより眼病を患い、政務に携わることが不可能となった三条天皇に対し、当時内覧であった左大臣藤原道長は、敦成親王への譲位を求めるようになる。
- In around 1014, since he became unable to engage in government affairs due to an eye disease, Emperor Sanjo was requested to pass the throne on to Imperial Prince Atsuhira by FUJIWARA no Michinaga, Sadaijin (minister of the left) who was in charge of nairan (a preliminary inspection of official documents submitted from the Great Council of State to the Emperor) at that time.
- 藤原氏摂家と外戚関係の薄い後三条天皇の第一皇子として生まれ、母は藤原氏閑院流出身で中納言藤原公成の娘、春宮大夫藤原能信の養女である女御藤原茂子(?-1062)。
- SHIRAKAWA was the first son of Emperor Go-Sanjo who had little maternal relationship with the Fujiwara Five Regent Houses, and his mother, Nyogo, FUJIWARA no Moshi/Shigeko was from Fujiwara Kaninryu, the daughter of Chunagon FUJIWARA no Kinnari, and the adopted daughter of Togu Daibu FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu.
- このように、公正な女帝の治世のもと、聖徳太子はその才能を十分に発揮し、冠位十二階(603年)・十七条憲法(604年)を次々に制定して、法令・組織の整備を進めた。
- As described above, under fair reign of the Empress, Prince Shotoku fully exhibited his ability and enacted Kan I junikai (twelve grades of cap rank) (in 603) and Seventeen-Article Constitution (in 604) one after another to carry out improvement of laws and organizations.
- 九州王朝説を唱えた古田武彦は、『筑後風土記逸文』に記されている筑紫君の祖「甕依姫」(みかよりひめ)が「卑弥呼(ひみか)」のことである可能性が高いと主張している。
- Takehiko FURUTA, who advocated the Kyushu Dynasty theory, claimed that there was a strong possibility that the ancestor of Tsukushi no Kimi, 'Mikayori Hime,' (Princess Mikayori) whose name was written in 'Chikugo no Kuni Fudoki Itsubun' (a surviving fragment of the topography of Chikugo Province), was 'Himika.'
- しかし、工事の最中に発見された小さな古墳が公にされないまま破壊されている可能性があるほか、2005年には古江古墳が破壊されるなど、小規模の古墳の破壊は今もある。
- However, there have been some cases of minor destruction of kofun such as the incident in which Hurue Kofun was destroyed in 2005, and here is also the possibility that minor kofun are secretly destroyed during construction.
- 近代以後、日本の中国思想研究は、哲学(西欧の哲学)を模倣する必要に迫られた結果、朱子学の思弁的側面を強調し、これを以て哲学と比較可能であると見なすようになった。
- In the modern era, Japanese scholars of Chinese ideology have been required to follow philosophy (Western philosophy), and have therefore emphasized the speculative side of Shushigaku and considered it as comparable with the philosophy.
- それまで都城を領していた北郷氏は北郷忠能が幼少であったことと、朝鮮出兵で軍役の不足があったこともあり、祁答院へ移され石高も6万9千石から3万7千石へ減らされた。
- The Hokugo clan originally held Miyakonojo, but since Tadayoshi HOKUGO was underage and there weren't enough soldiers for the invasion of Korea, the clan was transferred to Kedoin and the size of its territory was reduced to 37,000 from 69,000 koku.
- 室町幕府は洛中に根拠を置いたために、武士の居住は減少し、再び寺院などが建てられて信仰の町としての趣が取り戻し、参詣客を相手とした芸能、茶売りなどの文化で賑わう。
- Because the Muromachi bakufu was based in central Kyoto, warriors living there decreased and temples, were again constructed and the town recovered religious character and became cheerful with cultural activities targeting visitors to temples with entertainment and tea stands.
- また、城砦としての防衛能力を重視した場所は必ずしも交通の便が良いところではなく、交易都市の色彩を強めるにつれ城が放棄され陣屋などに行政中心が移ったケースも多い。
- Additionally, places that placed an emphasis on defensive ability as a castle retreat were not in places with good transportation, and as they started to increasingly become trade cities, Jinya instead of castles became the center of government.
- 倭寇の中心的活動の一つで拠点であった前期倭寇当時の朝鮮半島は李氏朝鮮が成立直後であった事もあり、自立的な治安維持能力が不足し倭寇活動を抑制する事が困難であった。
- During the days of the early Wako, the Korean peninsula was not only one of the Wako's principal targets, but also their base of operations, and because the Joseon dynasty had only just been established in Korea, the new government lacked the independent ability to preserve peace, making it extremely difficult for them to suppress Wako pirate activity.
- そのため、高瀬川が北から鴨川に流入する地点は十条通付近まで移され、また一方で鴨川横断点の下流方向では鴨川からの取水が不可能となり、高瀬川は分断されることとなった。
- As a result, the junction at which the Takase-gawa River flows into the Kamo-gawa River from the north was relocated to an area near the Jujo-dori Street; on the other hand in a downstream area where the Takase-gawa crossed the Kamo-gawa river, it became difficult to carry out water intake from the Kamo-gawa River; as a result the Takase-gawa River was divided.
- そのおかげで、この木津の地は疫病の難から救われたといい伝えられており、その疫病とは皮膚病の一種だったようで、それ以来木津温泉は、皮膚病の効能を第一にうたっている。
- Thanks to his advice, people here in Kitsu are said to have narrowly escaped the plague which seemed to have been a kind of a dermatosis; ever since, Kitsu-onsen Hot Spring has publicized itself as being good for dermatosis among other ailments.
- 後嵯峨院は、奏事(弁官や蔵人による奏上)を取り次ぐ役職である伝奏の制度化、そして院が評定衆とともに相論(訴訟)裁許に当たる院評定を確立し、院政の機能強化に努めた。
- Gosaga-in strengthened the function of insei by formalizing the system of delivery, which was a position for the delivery of reports from Benkan (弁官) and Kurodo (蔵人) to the Emperor, and by establishing In-no-hyojo, where the In, together with Hyojo-shu, participated in decision/permission regarding lawsuits.
- 本能寺の変の報を聞くとすぐさま撤退するが、小田原市の北条氏直が上野国奪取を目指して進出、敵中突破を試みた一益は大敗して領国の伊勢長島城へ帰還した(神流川の戦い)。
- Although he retreated as soon as he heard the report on Honnoji Incident, Ujinao HOJO in Odawara City marched aiming at to take Kozuke Province and Kazumasu tried to break through the enemy lines and badly defeated and came back to his territory, Ise Nagashima-jo Castle (the Battle of Kanna-gawa River).
- また、著名な武将がここを通過したことで知られ、一の谷の合戦の源義経、六波羅探題攻撃の足利高氏、本能寺の変の明智光秀などは皆ここを通って戦地に向かったとされている。
- It is also known that famous military commanders passed through here: For examples, it is said that MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, famous for Ichinotani-no-kassen (Battle of Ichinotani), Takauji ASHIKAGA attacking Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency located at Rokuhara, Kyoto) and Mitsuhide AKECHI, famous for Honnoji-no-hen (Honnoji Incident) passed through here on their way to battle.
- また、平安時代後期以後に荒廃して都市機能を失ったかつての平安京右京の異称として「西京」または「西ノ京」が用いられた(これに対して左京を「洛中」と呼ぶようになる)。
- In addition, 'Saikyo' and 'Nishi no Kyo' were used as an alias for Ukyo (west part of capital) of Heian-kyo which lost its control as the capital at the end of Heian period (On the other hand, Sakyo (east part of capital) was called as 'Rakuchu').
- この圧力に対抗するため、陸奥、出羽及び越後の諸藩により奥羽越列藩同盟(北部政府)が結成され、輪王寺宮公現法親王(のちの北白川宮能久親王)が擁立された(東武皇帝)。
- To address this move, an alliance was formed among clans in Mutsu, Dewa, and Echigo (in the north-eastern region of Japan), supporting Cloistered Imperial Prince Rinojinomiya Kogen, later Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa (also known as Tobu Emperor).
- そのため、彼らに経営状況を教える時には、軍事輸送用の臨時列車を走らせることまでも公開する必要に迫られる可能性があり、同時に軍事機密が外国に漏洩される恐れもあった。
- Therefore, when the companies told the foreign investors their managing status, the companies needed to tell them so far as to the information on running the extra trains for military transportation, and at the same time there was a fear that military secrets would leak to foreign countries.
- 白村江の戦いの翌年(664年)に行政機能は内陸の大宰府(現在の太宰府市)に移転、那津のほとりには大宰府の機関のひとつとして海外交流および国防の拠点施設が残された。
- After the transfer of the administrative function to the inland office 'Dazaifu' (Government Headquarters in Kyushu located at the present Dazaifu City) in 664, one year after the Battle of Hakusukinoe, a facility functioning as a base for overseas exchanges as well as national defense was left near Nanotsu as one of the organizations belonging to the Dazaifu.
- しかし系図には疑うべき余地も多く、実際には源平合戦の際は井上一族では無く北安曇の仁科氏らと行動を共にしていたので、当時の慣習から見て別の一族であった可能性がある。
- However, because there are uncertain aspects of its genealogy and the Takanashi clan fought in the Genpei War along with the Nishina clan of northern Azumi, not the Inoue clan, the Takanashi clan probably doesn't belong to the Inoue clan, considering the custom of the time.
- また、武士などの諸大夫、侍クラスの家の家芸は親から子へ幼少時からの英才教育で伝えられると共に、能力を見込んだ者を弟子や郎党にして伝授し、優秀であれば養子に迎えた。
- And the iegei of a family in a shodaibu or samurai class such as bushi was inherited from parent to child from the cradle by special education, or was inherited to those who were accepted as having the talent and became disciples or roto (retainer), and if they were excellent they were adopted.
- 本能寺の変後の清洲会議において、信忠の遺子である三法師(織田秀信)が織田家の後継者として担ぎ出され、織田家及び天下の実権はその後見役におさまった豊臣秀吉に移行する。
- At the Kiyosu conference, Sanboshi (Hidenobu ODA) who was an orphan of Nobutada was nominated as a successor of the Oda clan and the real power of the Oda clan and the realm were transferred to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI who became a conservator.
- 本姓は室町時代に幕府の三管領の一つとなった一族であり、越前国・若狭国・越中国・能登国・遠江国・信濃国・尾張国・加賀国・安房国・佐渡国などを領した守護大名・戦国大名。
- It was a family which became one of the Sankanrei (three families in the post of Kanrei, or shogunal deputy) of Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in the Muromachi period, and also became Shugo daimyo (Japanese feudal lords who used to be the provincial military governors) and Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lords in the Sengoku period, or period of warring states) who ruled Echizen Province, Wakasa Province, Ecchu Province, Noto Province, Totomi Province, Shinano Province, Owari Province, Kaga Province, Awa Province, Sado Province and so on.
- また、紀州の雑賀衆にすぎない土橋重治ですら、光秀に対して信長討伐の協力を申し出ていることから、毛利氏が本能寺の変を知っていたとしても不思議ではないとする考えもある。
- Also, some considers that, even Shigeharu TSUCHIHASHI, who was a mere dogo in Saiga, Kishu, offered Mitsuhide cooperation to overthrow Nobunaga, it is not strange that the Mori clan knew above Honnoji Incident.
- しかしながら皇后は夫の天皇亡き後に中継ぎの天皇として即位する可能性があるため皇族しか立后されないのが当時の慣習であったことから、長屋王は光明子の立后に反対していた。
- However, in those days it was a practice to install a member of the Imperial Family as the Empress because the Empress could ascend the throne as an interim emperor after the death of the Emperor (her husband) and therefore Nagayao opposed the installation of Komyoshi as the Empress.
- 当時、算術が普及せずにその知識を有する者が少なかったために官位こそは低いものの、及第して官人となった算生の持つ数的処理能力に諸官司から期待されるところは大きかった。
- At that time, arithmetic was not widespread and few people had such knowledge; therefore, although the official court rank of the Sansho was low, once they passed the examination and became government officials, various government officials held great expectations for their mathematical processing abilities.
- だが、婦敵討が行われた場合、本夫が姦夫の不正の証拠を出そうにも肝心の相手を討ち取ってしまったために自白させることが不可能であり、殺人罪として処罰されることがあった。
- But when megataki uchi was practiced, sometimes the husband was punished for the crime of murder because it was impossible for the husband to produce evidence by having the adulterer confess because he had killed the adulterer.
- ちょうどこの時(6月3日 (旧暦)夜)、秀吉方は明智光秀から毛利方に送られた使者を捕らえ、信長が明智光秀の謀反によって京都市の本能寺で落命したという密書を手にする。
- At just about the same time, on the evening of July 2, Hideyoshi captured the messenger sent by Mitsuhide AKECHI to Mori, got a secret letter saying that Nobunaga had lost his life by the rebellion of Mitsuhide AKECHI at Honno-ji Temple in Kyoto City.
- このように、豊臣政権の政権基盤は秀吉という強大な一独裁者のもとで、大勢力を持つ諸大名の上に乗っかり、危ういバランスによって何とか機能していた一代政権に過ぎなかった。
- As mentioned above, the Toyotomi government functioned, keeping a fragile balance, only when it depended upon influential feudal lords under the control of Hideyoshi, a very powerful dictator.
- 三河国の松平氏(徳川氏)の家臣で江戸時代に大名となった内藤氏は上述の丹波・周防の内藤氏と同祖とされるが、この間、戦国期までの事蹟は明らかではなく、仮冒の可能性も強い。
- This Naito clan, which was a vassal to the Matsudaira clan (the Tokugawa clan) in Mikawa Province and provided daimyo (feudal lords) during the Edo period, is documented to share ancestors with the Naito clans of Tanba and Suo mentioned above, but the history of the clan during the Sengoku period (the Warring States period) is not known, and there is strong possibility that the pedigree was fabricated.
- 明治11年(1878年)2月4日、法制局大書記官尾崎三良と少書記官桜井能堅から伊藤博文に対し、『公爵』・『侯爵』・『伯爵』・『子爵』・『男爵』の5等級案が提出された。
- On February 4, 1878, Great Secretary of the Department of the Legislation Saburo OZAKI and Assistant Secretary Yoshikata SAKURAI proposed to Hirobumi ITO the plan of classifying kazoku into these five ranks, 'Koshaku (公爵)' 'Koshaku (侯爵)' 'Hakushaku' 'Shishaku' and 'Danshaku.'
- それでも天皇の喪は秘され、実際には命日となった25日にも、福井登の名前で「益御機嫌能被成為候(ますますご機嫌がよくなられました)」という内容の報告書が提出されている。
- Still the Emperor's death was not officially announced, even on the 25th, the day the Emperor died, there was a journal by the name of 福井登, that reported 'the Emperor was feeling better.'
- 頼通や藤原教通らが次々と娘達を入内させる一方で、皇后でありながら内親王は殆ど宮中入りすらままならず、そんな内親王を陰で支えたのは頼通・教通らの異母弟藤原能信であった。
- While Yorimichi and FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu arranged their daughters Imperial consort's bridal entry into court one after another, Princess Teishi was not able to enter into the Imperial Palace although she was the Empress, however she was supported by Yorimichi and Norimichi's half younger brother, FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu.
- 基本的に芸能であるので、絶対的な価値観というものは存在しないが、掛け声を聞きに観劇料を払ってきている客はいないので、場を白けさせぬよう大向うは強く自律すべき点である。
- Kabuki is just a performing art, so there is no strict rule; however, the audience comes to see the stage, not to pay for kakegoe, therefore, o-muko should be careful that kakegoe doesn't spoil the performance.
- 彦人大兄の死後においても、皇子の系統が蘇我氏や上宮王家に対抗して舒明即位から大化の改新の実現を可能にしたのは、こうした財政的裏付けの存在があったからだと言われている。
- It is said that even after the death of Hikohito no Oenomiko, the prince line was able to oppose the Soga clan and the Jogu royal family to put the Emperor Jomei in the throne and carry out Taika no Kaishin; which was based on such financial foundations.
- この人物は尚氏の子弟か近親者と推定されている(なお、宮内庁書陵部所蔵松岡本は宛先を息子の大舘晴光とするが、晴光が九郎の名乗りを用いた記録は無く、別人の可能性が高い)。
- It is presumed that this person was either Hisauji's son or relative (Matsuoka-bon (one of manuscripts) possessed by Imperial Household Archives assumed the addressee was his son Harumitsu Odachi, but there are no records proving that Harumitsu called himself Kuro and therefore, he might be an another person).
- 源義朝が相馬御厨を寄進しえたということは、単なる書類上のことだけではなくて、現地での徴税の請負の意味をもっていた以上、事実上の在地支配を離れて可能であったはずはない。
- He also discusses that since the fact that MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo could donate Soma-mikuriya, it was not just a piece of paper and indicated a contract for the local collection of tax, and the donation could not have been made independently from the de facto land ruling.
- 馬の中のごく一部がそれに堪えられたとすれば、武士という一握りの特種技能集団が成立し得る条件を備えているのは、関東においてはそもそもが馬の牧場を意味する「牧」であった。
- The 'maki' (pasture for horses and cattle, written as '牧') was originally defined as a horse farm (written as 牧場) in Kanto region and provided the condition where a handful of bushi with special units could formalize if only a few of those horses could stand training.
- 今年の漢字(ことしのかんじ)とは、財団法人日本漢字能力検定協会が、毎年12月12日の「漢字の日」に発表している、その年の日本や世界の世相を表した漢字一字のことである。
- Kanji of the Year is a Chinese character representing the social conditions in Japan or World of the year which is announced once a year by the Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation on the 'Kanji's day', December 12.
- いったん蝦夷島に逃れた後室町幕府の調停で復帰したものの再度蝦夷地に撤退、更に出羽に移り檜山郡 (出羽国)(現秋田県能代市)を中心に出羽最北部西半から蝦夷地南部を領した。
- Although the family, which once escaped to Ezogashima Islands, recovered the territory by the arbitration of the Muromachi bakufu, it had to withdraw again to Ezo, and afterwards, the family went down to Dewa Province and finally occupied the west half of the farthest northern area of Dewa Province to the southern area of Ezo, with its headquarters in Hiyama Country (Dewa Province) (present Noshiro City, Akita Prefecture).
- 沼名前神社(「延喜式」に記載のある歴史と格式を誇る神社 伏見城から移築の豊臣秀吉ゆかりの能舞台が国の重要文化財、石鳥居が広島県指定重要文化財 京都祇園神社の本社に当る)
- Nunakuma-jinja Shrine: Named in 'Engishiki,' it is the shrine of history and high status; the Noh stage related to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and transferred from the Fushimi-jo Castle is nationally designated important cultural properties; and the torii gate made of stone is prefecturally designated important cultural properties of Hiroshima Prefecture; and this shrine is the principal shrine of Gion-jinja Shrine of Kyoto.
- しかし、この約60年前に皇統断絶の可能性を予見していた新井白石は、皇位継承権をもつ皇族家系となる閑院宮を創設しており、後桃園の後継として閑院宮から光格天皇が迎えられた。
- However Hakuseki ARAI foresaw the possibility of the discontinuity of the Imperial throne sixty years prior, he had already established the Kaninnomiya family, who were in the Imperial family line and had the right to succeed to the throne, Emperor Kokaku was accepted from the Kaninnomiya family as Emperor Gomomozono's successor.
- しかし、安土桃山時代以降は、朝廷の極度の衰退により、世襲親王家の創設は朝廷外部からの経済的支援がなければ不可能になり、朝廷にとってむしろ歓迎すべき事態へと変わってゆく。
- However, after the Azuchi-Momoyama period, as the Imperial Palace weakened dramatically, the establishment of Seshu shinnoke (Hereditary family) became difficult without financial support from outside of the Imperial Palace, in fact the situation was changed to favorable the Palace.
- 南朝は、上皇ら拉致により北朝・幕府側を回復不能の窮状へ追い込み、圧倒的な優位に立ったはずだったが、広義門院の政務受諾によりその優位性をほぼ完全に失ってしまったのである。
- The Southern Court, which was supposed to have an overwhelming superiority driving the force of the Northern Court and Bakufu into a corner by abducting of the Retired Emperors or others; they lost their superiority almost as soon as Kogimonin accepted to take government practices.
- 義政期には唐物の管理や鑑定を行っていた同朋衆能阿弥にが「御物御画目録」(280幅、東京国立博物館所蔵)を編纂し、材質・形態別の分類を行い、画家や画題、賛者などを記した。
- During the period of reign of Yoshimasa, Noami, the doboshu (the shogun's attendants in charge of entertainment), who was responsible for the maintenance and appraisal of Karamono, compiled 'Gomotsu One Mokuroku' (an inventory of selected Chinese paintings in the Ashikaga collection) (280 sets, owned by Tokyo National Museum), sorting the works by materials and styles, and recording the names of the painters, the subjects of the paintings and sanja (person who appreciates the work and writes appraisal in it).
- また、芸能者では主要な大夫を家元とする芸能集団としての座が形成され、江戸時代以後に「○○座」という呼称で呼ばれるようになり、転じて劇場や映画館の名称としても用いられた。
- Additionally, entertainers formed some za as entertainer groups whose headmen were major tayu (the headmaster of a school of performing arts), and people began to add the term 'za' to the end of their group names beginning in the Edo period. By further extension, such use of 'za' also began to be applied to theater names and movie theater names afterward.
- その後、昭和33年(1958年)4月1日の市町村合併により、京都府南桑田郡樫田村が大阪府高槻市に、京都府亀岡市西別院村の牧、寺田地区が大阪府豊能郡豊能町に編入されている。
- After that, on April 1,1958, in the municipal consolidation, Kashida-mura in Minamikuwada District, Kyoto prefecture was annexed to Takatsuki city, Osaka prefecture, and Maki and Terada areas in Nishibetsuin-mura, Kameoka city, Kyoto prefecture became part of Toyono town, Toyono District, Osaka prefecture.
- 比企広域市町村圏域内公共図書館の相互利用協定により、東松山市、滑川町、小川町、ときがわ町、川島町、吉見町、鳩山町、秩父郡東秩父村に住まい・通学通勤している者なら利用可能。
- The library is available to any person who lives in, or commutes to Higashimatsuyama City, Namegawa-machi, Ogawa-machi, Tokigawa-machi, Kawashima-machi, Yoshimi-machi, Hatoyama-machi and Higashichichibu-mura in Chichibu-gun, under the agreement for mutual use of public library within the larger municipal area in the Hiki area.
- 2007年度(平成19年)の一般会計は322億3403万円で、医師不足で機能縮小を余儀なくされている舞鶴市民病院への補助助成や舞鶴港貿易振興事業費などに重点をおくもので、
- The general account for Maizuru in FY 2007 was \32,234,030,000 which weighed on assistance provided to the Maizuru Municipal Hospital, which faced a shortage of doctors and cutbacks in various functions, together with focus placed on trade promotion project expenditure towards the Maizuru Port.
- それ以前の鞆の成り立ちがどのようなものであったかは、はっきりしないが、遺跡の分布状況などから、弥生時代にはすでにある程度の集落が成立していた可能性が高いと考えられている。
- Although the origin of Tomo until that is unclear, the distribution of ruins and others suggests that it is highly possible that some sort of settlement was organized to some extent in the Yayoi period.
- それ以前の皇統については、折口信夫の主張する中天皇論等を考慮すれば、女系天皇(純然たる女系あるいは男系でなく双系という意見もある)であった可能性も少なくないとの説もある。
- As for the imperial line before that period, Nakatsusumeramikoto ron; if the existence of Empress or Princess who was a liaison between God and Emperor advocated by Nobuo ORIGUCHI, is considered, female-line Emperors might have existed (some people say that they were neither female-line nor male-line but female & male-line Emperors).
- ただし能久親王は実際には比叡山延暦寺座主につく機会がなかったが、江戸時代においては延暦寺ではなく寛永寺が天台宗を管轄したため、彼が天台座主でなかったというのは正確でない。
- Although Imperial Prince Yoshihisa did not actually have an opportunity to serve as zasu of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei, it is not correct to say that he was not Tendai-zasu because the Tendai Sect was administered by Kanei-ji Temple, not by Enryaku-ji Temple.
- しかし、日本を強制退去となったシーボルトは帰国後の1840年に、伊能図をオランダでメルカトル図法に修正した「日本人の原図および天文観測に基づいての日本国図」を刊行している。
- However, expelled from Japan, Siebold published 'Map of Japan based on the original map by Japanese and the astronomical observation' by changing Ino map into Mercator projection in Holland in 1840, after he returned home.
- 天長節の儀礼が整ったのは明治5年で、同年の天長節の勅語で「茲ニ朕カ誕辰ニ方リ群臣ヲ会同シ酺宴ヲ張リ舞楽ヲ奏セシム汝群臣朕カ偕ニ楽シムノ意ヲ体シ其ノ能ク歓ヲ尽セヨ」と宣した。
- Finally in 1872, tencho setsu ceremony was formally arranged and at the Ordinance of tencho setsu of that year, it was declared that '茲ニ朕カ誕辰ニ方リ群臣ヲ会同シ酺宴ヲ張リ舞楽ヲ奏セシム汝群臣朕カ偕ニ楽シムノ意ヲ体シ其ノ能ク歓ヲ尽セヨ.'
- これは御成敗式目が武家法・公家法に共通する法観念や「徳治」理念を抱合した法令という意味で公家法と対峙可能な法令だからであり、社会に広く受け入れられるものであったからである。
- That was because the Goseibai-shikimoku was comparable to the court noble law and widely accepted in the society since it incorporated the legal conception and 'tokuchi' doctrine (a doctrine for administration based on moral or humanity) common to the samurai law and court noble law.
- 巡礼は、体力的、経済的に可能な者に、一生に一度は行なうよう義務付けられている行為であるが、巡礼を果たしたムスリム(イスラム教徒)は、「ハーッジー」と呼ばれ、特に尊敬される。
- The pilgrimage is a duty to be fulfilled at least once during a lifetime for all followers who are physically and financially able, and a Muslim who has completed the pilgrimage is greatly respected and called 'al-haji.'
- 確かに源平藤橘といった貴族を起源とする武士や技術としての武芸については説明ができるが、彼らの職能を支える経済的基盤としての所領や人的基盤としての主従関係への説明が弱すぎる。
- Certainly the bushi who originated from the aristocrats such as genpeitokitsu (shortened expression of four major families) or the military arts as a technique can be explained, but the explanation of the shoryo as economic base which supported their samurai function or the master-subordinate relationship as a human base is too weak.
- 出納は本来は蔵人所のみの金品の出納を担当していたが、戦乱期の朝廷機構の衰退に伴って諸官司が機能停止していく中で、その職掌は朝廷各部門の出納業務へと拡大の方向に向かっていった。
- Suino' was originally in charge of taking managing money and materials exclusively for the Bureau of Archives; however, as the Imperial Court was losing authority and accordingly the court offices stopped their functions during the warring period, 'suino' began to provide the service for other imperial offices.
- しかしながら、「父信長だけでなく兄信忠も死んだ事を知った信孝が、予想される織田氏の家督争いの有力者の一人になる可能性のある信澄を言いがかりをつけて殺害した」とする見方もある。
- However, there is a view that advocates 'Nobutaka, who knew that not only his father, Nobunaga, but also his elder brother, Nobutada, were killed, killed Nobusumi who might become a candidate for the family head of the Oda clan, by making a false charge.'
- 後の律令制の下での食封の規模をあてはめれば、湯沐邑は安八磨郡の一部ではなく、郡全体にあたるのではないかと考えられ、その郡の範囲は後の池田郡を含み、さらに広かった可能性もある。
- Taking into account a scale of Jikifu (a vassal household allotted to courtier, shrines and temples) under the later Ritsuryo system, Tomokuyu at that time seems to have not been a part of Ahachimanokoori but a whole district, and range of the district included later Ikeda District, possibly wider.
- 特に寛平7年(895年)に能有が五畿内諸国別当に任じられると、山城国問民苦使に任じられて、権門による土地兼併が激しい同国の実情を調査して地方行政の改革と農民救済策をまとめた。
- When Yoshiari was appointed to the chief officer of Go-kinai (five provinces close to the capital: Yamashiro Province, Yamato Province, Kawachi Province, Izumi Province, and Settsu Province) in 895, he appointed Suenaga as a monminkushi (a position temporarily established to investigate people's demand and discontent) of Yamashiro Province, and he investigated the circumstances in this province, where lands were frequently annexed by influential and powerful families or clans at that time, to make up plans for a reform of the local government and relief of peasants.
- 長屋王と吉備内親王の間の子供達が外祖母にあたる元明天皇によって二世王の待遇(元来は天武天皇の三世王)を受けていることなどから長屋王に対しても特別待遇がされていた可能性もある。
- Since the children between Prince Nagaya and Imperial Princess Kibi were specially treated as the second princes (originally the third princes of Emperor Tenmu) by Empress Genmei, a maternal grandmother, there is also a possibility that Prince Nagaya was also specially treated.
- この合議制の中心にいたのは頼家の外戚にあたる北条氏であり、北条時政・北条義時父子は他の有力御家人を次々と滅ぼしていった(1200年:梶原景時の変、1203年:比企能員の変)。
- The central persons of the parliamentary system were Hojo clan, maternal relatives of Yoriie, and the father and son of Tokimasa HOJO and Yoshitoki HOJO abolished the other senior vassals in sequence (1200: the incident of Kagetoki KAJIWARA, 1203: the Conspiracy of Yoshikazu HIKI).
- その後、軍国主義が激しさを増すと、天皇家を多く題材とした能には厳しい目が注がれるようになり、1939年(昭和14年)、警視庁保安課は不敬を理由に「大原御幸」を上演禁止とした。
- With militarism gaining momentum, Noh came under scrutiny since many of its stories featured the Imperial family and the Safety Division of the Metropolitan Police Department banned in 1939 the performance of 'Ohara Goko' on the grounds of irreverence for the Emperor.
- 能運は戦いに勝利したものの、戦傷がもとでわずか23歳で死亡し、以後菊池氏の家督は庶流から排出されるようになり、菊池氏家督は阿蘇氏や大友氏に横取りされ、こうして菊池氏は滅亡した。
- Although Yoshiyuki won the battle, he died of wounds at the age of only 23, and after that, the family head of the Kikuchi clan came to be taken over by the heirs produced from branch families, and finally the Kikuchi clan was snatched its family estate by the Aso clan and the Otomo clan, and the the Kikuchi clan was died out.
- 「紫香楽」の地名表記については、正倉院文書には「信楽宮」としたものが3件ある一方で、「紫香楽」と表記したものが全く無いため、続日本紀が編纂されたときの修辞の可能性が考えられる。
- As for the description in the geographical name of `紫香楽' (Shigaraki), there was no `紫香楽' (Shigaraki in kanji character) while there were three cases of `信楽宮' (Shigaraki in kanji character) in Shoso-in bunsho (the Record of Shoso-in), therefore, it might have been modified when Shoku Nihon gi (Continuation of Chronicles of Japan) was edited.
- が、神宝を納める庫の高い階(高橋)に、女だてらに上るのはいやだと拒否され、仕方なく物部十千根 大連に任せたといわれている(この祭祀とは、神宝の出し入れもしていた可能性がある)。
- However, she refused his offer saying that she would not like to climb up to a higher floor (elevated bridge) because she was just a woman; then he had no idea other than appointing MONONOBE no Tochine, who was in the position of Omuraji (one of the important official ranks of Yamato Imperial Court, representing the local ruling lords called Muraji) (the religious service referred to here might have included the task of getting in and out the sacred treasures).
- 職業の世襲という概念は氏姓制度の時代から存在しており、律令制度に入ってからも何世代にもわたって技能・学術を継承してきた「世習」の家柄を優先して技術系の官職に就ける事例があった。
- The concept of hereditary occupations existed from the time of the Shisei system, and even in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based upon the ritsuryo code), there were cases where families that had passed on techniques and knowledge down the generations had priority in obtaining technical official positions.
- だが、南北朝時代 (日本)を経て、室町幕府が京都を支配して朝廷・院庁の政治機能を吸収するようになると、形骸化していくようになり、有職故実の学問として命脈を保つに過ぎなくなった。
- However, after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the Muromachi bakufu dominated Kyoto and took over the government function of the Imperial Court and Innocho, and Myohodo became a mere name and survived only as a study of historical precedents.
- 官人登用の法、甲子の宣の廃止、貴族・社寺の山・島・浦・林・池などの返還、畿外の豪族と才能のある百姓の任官への道を開き、官人の位階昇進の制度などを新設したりといった諸政を行った。
- Emperor Tenmu enforced a range of measures, such as a law relating to the appointment of government officials, the reversal of the Koshi pronouncement, and the ordering of the return to the court of mountains, islands, beaches, woods, ponds and other assets owned by aristocrats or shrines and temples; he also opened the way to government positions for members of powerful remote regional clans as well as those near the capital and talented farmers, and established a new court rank and promotion system.
- 高吉の子である京極高次は、初め織田信長に仕えるが、天正10年(1582年)に本能寺の変で信長が明智光秀に討たれると光秀に属し、山崎の戦いで光秀を討った豊臣秀吉からの追及を受ける。
- Takayoshi's son Takatsugu KYOGOKU first served Nobunaga ODA, but in 1582 when Nobunaga was killed by Mitsuhide AKECHI in Honnoji Incident Takatsugu belonged to Mitsuhide, and Takatsugu was expelled by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI who killed Mitsuhide at the battle of Yamazaki.
- 惟康親王は一旦臣籍に下がった後の親王宣下、忠房親王は臣籍で誕生しながら親王に宣下されており、先例を重視するならば旧皇族およびその男系子孫の皇籍復帰は決して不可能ではないと言える。
- Given that Imperial Prince Koreyasu received the title of Imperial Prince even after having been demoted to the rank of commoner and Imperial Prince Tadafusa was made an Imperial Prince by Imperial decree despite having been born a commoner, it is not impossible for male former members of the Imperial Family to return to the Imperial Family if precedent is adhered to.
- これらの皇族に対しても律令の定めにより一定の所得が与えられることで財政を圧迫する要因となったため、皇位継承の可能性がなくなった皇族たちを臣籍降下させることが行われるようになった。
- Such Imperial Families were allowed to receive a certain income under the Statutes, but it caused too much financial strain, consequently, they were encouraged to accept demotion from nobility to common subject.
- しかし当時の船は航海力も攻撃力も未熟であり、陸上への依存が強いため水陸共同防御戦術は有効に機能し、以降の李舜臣の攻撃は戦果があがらず精彩を欠くようになり、出撃も滞ることとなった。
- However, as vessels at that time were immature both in capability for navigation and combat power and they were dependent to support from the land, the joint defense by navy and army worked effectively and, after that, attacks by Yi Sun-sin could not achieve good results in battle and became lackluster and the number of sorties decreased.
- 書名については本来無題、あるいは『能作者』、『謡作者』であったと見られるが、1915年『禅竹集』に吉田東伍が翻刻した際、『能本作者註文』の題で収録して以来、この名が定着している。
- The book was originally untitled or may have been entitled 'No Sakusha' or 'Utai Sakusha' but the name 'Nohon Sakusha Chumon' took hold since it was recorded under this title when it was reprinted in 'Zenchiku Shu' by Togo YOSHIDA in 1915.
- 大彦命に関しては、埼玉県の稲荷山古墳から発掘された金錯銘鉄剣に見える乎獲居臣(ヲワケの臣)の上祖・意冨比垝(オホビコ、オホヒコ)と同一人である可能性が高いとする見解が有力である。
- Regarding Obiko no mikoto, the most convincing explanation is that he was most probably identical to Ohobiko or Ohohiko, a forefather of Owake no omi whose name was inscribed on Kinsakumei-tekken (an iron sword with gold-inlaid inscriptions) excavated at the Inariyama kofun (an ancient tomb at Mt. Inariyama) in Saitama Prefecture.
- それでも明智軍側の指揮系統能力の高さが発揮され、戦死者数では勝利した羽柴軍の犠牲の方が多かったとされている(羽柴軍の戦死者・3300余、明智軍の戦死者・3000余と言われている)。
- Yet, the Akechi camp well demonstrated the high capacity of its chain of command, and the number of war deaths is said to have been greater in the winning Hashiba camp (more than 3,300 on the Hashiba side against somewhat over 3,000 on the Akechi side).
- 根拠は乏しいのだが、島津義久の側近である上井覚兼の日記として有名な「上井覚兼日記」の記述で、本能寺の変が起こった天正10年6月2日から11月3日までの項が白紙にされているのである。
- Although there was little grounds, in description in 'Uwai Kakuken Nikki' that is famous as the diary of Uwai Kakuken, who was a close vassal of Yoshihisa SHIMAZU, sections for the period from July 1, 1582, when Honnoji Incident occurred, to November 28 were left blank.
- これにより伊能図を秘匿する意味がなくなったため、同年には幕府開成学校からも伊能小図を元にした「官版実測日本地図」が発行され、小図のみとはいえようやく一般の目に供されるようになった。
- As a result of this publication, it had no reason to hide Ino map any longer so Kaisei Gakko (Kaisei School) of the Bakufu published 'The Surveyed Map of Japan, official edition' based on the Ino's small maps in that year, too and at last Ino map was disclosed to the public though it was only partially.
- 為子内親王の死去をきっかけに妃が置かれなくなった(なお円融天皇に入内した尊子内親王が妃であった可能性を指摘する研究者もいる)ことと摂関政治の進展と密接な関係があると考えられている。
- With the death of Imperial Princess Ishi as start, it is considered that there was a close connection between abolition of Hi (some scholars pointed out possibility that Imperial Princess Sonshi who entered into the court for Emperor Enyu was Hi) and the development of the regency.
- 当代一級の文化人であった後水尾天皇を父に、芸術と文化のパトロンであった東福門院を養母に持ち寛永文化が花開いた時代に育った内親王もまた、和歌や書、絵画に優れた才能を残した人であった。
- With her father Emperor Gomizuno, who was the premier cultural figure of the day, and her adopted mother Tofukumonin, who was a patron of contemporary arts and culture, Imperial Princess Teruko was raised in the age of flourished culture of Kanei period and became one of the greatest talents of Japanese poetry, calligraphy and painting.
- 彦根城の天守がかつての大津城天守の用材を転用して建てられている可能性が、昭和32年(1957年)に行われた彦根城天守解体修理の際に符号、墨書きが見つかったことを根拠に示されている。
- When the keep of Hikone-jo Castle was disjointed and repaired in 1957, some notes and inscriptions in India ink were found, which indicates the possibility that the keep of Hikone-jo Castle was built from the materials once used in the keep of Otsu-jo Castle.
- 幕末、ヨーロッパの万国博覧会に出展した幕府や各藩の工芸品や美術品はすぐれた装飾品として絶賛され、日本の工芸へのヨーロッパからの関心が高まり、外貨を稼ぐ輸出品となる可能性が開かれた。
- In the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, the shogunate and some domains put handicrafts and art works in international European exhibitions, and they were highly praised as excellent decorations, so that Japanese crafts attracted the attention of European people, and their export enabled Japanese to gain foreign currency.
- 永正3年(1506年)に長尾能景が越中で戦死し跡を長尾為景が継ぐと両者の対立は表面化し、越後永正の乱では八条尾張守・龍松父子や上杉成定が自害に追い込まれるなどして大きな打撃を受けた。
- The antagonism between the two families broke out into the open in 1506 after Yoshikage NAGAO died in battle in Ecchu and was succeeded by Tamekage NAGAO; the Hachijo Uesugi family suffered a major blow in Echigo's Eisho War, during which Ryumatsu HACHIJO, the governor of Owari, and his son, as well as Narisada UESUGI, were driven to take their own lives.
- その後、天正10年(1582年)6月2日に親戚関係にあった明智光秀が本能寺の変を起こし、藤孝自身も加担するよう誘われるが、反光秀の立場を貫き、豊臣秀吉から丹後の本領を安堵されている。
- Thereafter, on June 2, 1582 Mitsuhide AKECHI, who was his relative, staged the Honnoji Temple Incident, and Fujitaka himself was also asked to become involved in the incident, but he stuck to his position being anti-Mitsuhide and was approved as the main domain of Tango by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- ねずは、典医たちが発表した「御容態書」のとおり天皇が順調に回復の道をたどっていたところが、一転急変して苦悶の果てに崩御したことを鑑み、その最期の病状から砒素による毒殺の可能性を推定。
- Nezu assumed the possibility of the Emperor's death was caused by arsenic, after following 'the Emperor's health report' written by the Imperial doctors, that said the Emperor was getting better, Nezu collated the record that all of a sudden the Emperor died in agony.
- 『今鏡』によると、後朱雀天皇が尊仁親王を兄の親仁親王(後冷泉天皇)の皇太弟にと考えていたのを、頼通が抑えていたのに対し、能信が強く薦めて、その遺詔により皇太弟となる事が出来たとある。
- According to 'Ima Kagami (The Mirror of the Present),' Emperor Gosuzaku considered Prince Takahito of his older brother, Prince Chikahito's (Emperor Goreizei) successor, as Crowin Princes' younger brother, although Yorimichi was against it, at Yoshinobu's insistence Prince Takahito became the crown prince.
- いっぽう、薩摩藩の大久保・西郷らは、洛北に隠棲中だった岩倉具視と工作し、中山忠能(明治天皇の外祖父)・中御門経之・正親町三条実愛らによって10月14日に討幕の密勅が出されるにいたる。
- Meanwhile, Okubo and Saigo of Satsuma worked with Tomomi IWAKURA, who secretly stayed in the Rakuhoku area of Kyoto, in order to receive a secret imperial command to attack the bakufu on October 14, from Tadayasu NAKAYAMA (maternal grandfather of the Emperor Meiji), Tsuneyuki NAKAMIKADO, Sanenaru OGIMACHISANJO, and others.
- しかし、これ以上の戦争の継続は不可能である日本が譲歩し、この調停を成功させたい米国がロシアを説得するという形で事態を収拾し、戦争賠償金には一切応じないという最低条件で交渉は締結した。
- However, the process finally saw progress when Japan, which could not carry on with the war any more, made a concession and the U.S.A., which was keen to conclude the negotiation successfully, persuaded Russia into settlement by the minimum requirements of not answering a war reparation at all.
- 深見トンネル開通までは深見隧道内で離合ができなかったこともあり、国道162号有数の難所だったが、深見トンネル開通に伴い京都府と福井県を結ぶ幹線道路としての機能をしっかりと果たしている。
- It was one of the roughest zones in National Route 162 as vehicles couldn't pass each other in the Fukami-suido Tunnel before, but after the Fukami Tunnel was opened, the pass serves well as a main road connecting Kyoto Prefecture and Fukui Prefecture.
- 以来、覚如の子孫が継承した本願寺は教団の形成を進め、室町時代の第5代綽如のとき北陸地方へと進出、第7代存如の時代までに加賀国、能登国、越前国、近江国などで本願寺教団が形成されていった。
- Thereafter, Hongan-ji Temple, inherited by the descendants of Kakunyo, proceeded to the formation of the Honganji Buddhist sect, the influence of which expanded to the Hokuriku region via the fifth generation (Shakunyo) and the seventh generation (Zonnyo); the Honganji Buddhist sect was formed in Kaga-no-kuni, Noto-no-kuni, Echizen-no-kuni, Omi-no-kuni, and so on.
- 本城惣右衛門覚書(ほんじよそうえもんおぼえがき)は、本能寺の変で明智光秀に従軍していた光秀配下の武士 本城惣右衛門が、江戸時代に入って晩年、親族と思われる三人の人物に宛てた記録である。
- The Honjo Soemon Oboegaki is a record sent by Soemon HONJO, a samurai serving Mitsuhide AKECHI during the Honnoji Incident, to three people who are thought to be his relatives, during his late years in the Edo period.
- そして篠村(亀岡市篠町)では、鎌倉時代末期には足利尊氏が挙兵し、安土桃山時代にも亀山城 (丹波国)主の明智光秀が本能寺の変へと向う際にそれに倣ったとされるなど、時代変革の舞台ともなった。
- It was also the stage for some big upheavals in Japanese history, for example, when Takauji ASHIKAGA raised his army in Shinomura (now Shino-cho in Kameoka city) at the end of the Kamakura period, and in the Azuchi-momoyama period, when Mitsuhide AKECHI, the lord of Kameyama Castle, probably following such an example, started the Incident at Honno-ji.
- 南北朝時代_(日本)には一族のほとんどが南朝_(日本)方に付くが、それが却って一族の分裂・弱体化を回避する事になり、南北朝合一後に京都に復帰した後も公家社会に留まる事を可能にしたという。
- Most of the family took the Southern Court side in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, but this in fact helped the family avoid to being broken up or weakened, which enabled it to remain part of the nobility on its return to Kyoto after the unification of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- 軍事面や築城に優れ、1560年には陪臣の身でありながら主家同様に室町幕府の御相伴衆にまで列せられているのを見てもわかるように、松永氏は久秀の優秀な能力において成長を遂げていったのである。
- Hisahide excelled at military strategy and fortification, and, as is apparent from the fact that in 1560, although he was still a vavasor, he (including his master's house) was appointed as a shobanshu (an official who accompanies the shogun) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); thus the Matsunaga clan had come a long way, thanks to Hisahide's excellent abilities.
- 明治になって再び朝廷に政権が返った事により、江戸幕府の大奥や西洋の宮廷の例のように皇后やその周辺の側近が国政に関与する可能性も存在したが、彼女は自らを律して国政に直接関与する事を戒めた。
- Due to the return of political power to the court during Meiji Period, there was a possibility that the empress along with advisers close to the empress could take part in the national government, like the O-oku in the Edo Bakufu or the Imperial Court in Western countries, but the Empress disciplined herself and prohibited themselves from taking part in the national government.
- 北白川宮能久親王(きたしらかわのみや よしひさ しんのう、1847年4月1日(弘化4年2月16日 (旧暦)) - 1895年(明治28年)10月28日は、幕末・明治時代の皇族、陸軍軍人。
- Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa (April 1, 1847 - October 28, 1895) was a member of the imperial family and a military man in the army over the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period.
- ただし、幕府としても本来の趣旨は軍役奉仕であったため、藩財政が破綻して軍役が不可能となることは、参勤交代の趣旨を根底的に否定する事になるため、大名行列の制限を行うなどの措置を採っている。
- But because the bakufu introduced the system for military service, clans' failure to do military service owing to their financial difficulty was detrimental to the foundation of the system, which led the bakufu to take measures such as restricting daimyo-gyoretsu (daimyo's procession).
- 鎌倉時代にも京都の朝廷は政治機能を発揮していたが、東国支配を強めていた鎌倉殿に1185年守護・地頭の設置を認め、鎌倉幕府が全国支配を強めたため、京都は相対的に経済都市としての性格を強めた。
- The imperial court of Kyoto fulfilled a political function during the Kamakura period but Kyoto came to function more as a financial city as the imperial court allowed the Kamakura-dono (lord of Kamakura) who was gaining control over the eastern part of Japan to appoint shugo (provincial constables) and jito (managers and lords of a manor) in 1185.
- また、その京都府側では名神高速道路の大山崎ジャンクション/大山崎インターチェンジがあり、名神高速道路のバイパス機能を持つ京滋バイパスが宇治・滋賀(名神瀬田東ジャンクション)方面へ分岐する。
- On the Kyoto Prefectural side, there is Oyamazaki Junction and Oyamazaki Interchange on Meishin Expressway where Keiji Bypass, which functions as a bypass of Meishin Expressway, diverges into Uji and Shiga (Meishin Seta Higashi Junction).
- この道中で、熾仁親王は恭順を条件に慶喜を助命する方針を固めており、江戸から東征中止の要請と慶喜の助命嘆願のために訪れた北白川宮能久親王と駿府で会見し、法親王に慶喜の恭順の意思を問うている。
- On the way east, the Prince made up his mind up to spare Yoshinobu's life by having him swear allegiance, in Sunpu, he met with Kitashirakawa no Miya Prince Yoshihisa from Edo, who came to ask him to break off the attack east and to spare Yoshinobu's life, he asked the Hosshinno's (the Prince who went into the priesthood and received a title to become the Prince by the Emperor) opinion about sparing Yoshinobu's life.
- また尊仁親王には添伏として入内した御息所藤原茂子(藤原能信養女)がおり、馨子内親王の入内は茂子が第一子を出産後間もなくであったのだが、その後も尊仁親王と茂子の間には合計一男四女が生まれた。
- Crown Prince Takahito already had a prince consort, Miyasundokoro FUJIWARA no Moshi (an adopted daughter of FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu), who entered the court through Soibushi (the acquisition ceremony of a feminine bed partner) and had given birth to their first child shortly before the Imperial Princess Keishi's entry into the court, and in succeeding years, one male and four female children were born between Crown Prince Takahito and Moshi.
- 能の起源について正確なことはわかってはいないが、7世紀頃に中国大陸より日本に伝わった日本最古の舞台芸能である伎楽や、奈良時代に大陸より伝わった散楽に端を発するのではないかと考えられている。
- Although the origin of Noh is not clear, it is generally believed that Noh originated from gigaku (ancient pantomime in which performers wear masks), Japan's oldest theatrical art that was introduced from China during the seventh century, and sangaku (form of theater popular in Japan during the eleventh to the fourteenth century) introduced from the Asian continent during the Nara period.
- 武士論研究には「在地領主論」と「職能論」という2つの流れがあることは述べたが、職能、特にその技能(弓馬)に着目すれば、律令制下の軍制から中世武士までの連続性がかなり明らかになってきている。
- While the study of samurai had two schools of theory, the 'local lord' and 'function,' it was apparent from the continuous characteristics seen from the military system under the Ritsuryo system to medieval bushi by examining the function and especially techniques (cavalry and archery).
- 花の下連歌には、飛び込みの参加も可能で、連衆のなかに、高貴な身の人、例えば源実朝の側近で、和歌の名手あった素暹法師(東入道、俗名千葉胤行)やさらには太上天皇がお忍びでまぎれることもあった。
- Hananomoto-renga permitted unannounced participation, and among renju (participants of renga), high noble people, such as Sosen hoshi (Tonyudo, his common name was Taneyuki CHIBA), who was a close associate of MINAMOTO no Sanetomo and was talented at waka, and even Emperor Daijo (Dajo) joined secretly.
- 9世紀末から10世紀初頭にかけて、巨大な官僚組織と精緻な法令システムを前提とする律令制の維持がもはや不可能となり、一定の行政司法権を地方官や中央官庁へ請け負わせる王朝国家が新たに成立した。
- From the end of the ninth to the beginning of the tenth century, it was no longer possible to keep the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the Ritsuryo code), based on the huge bureaucratic organization and the sophisticated statutory system, and a dynastic nation-state was newly established, in which certain administrative and legislative authorities were undertaken by the local officials and central bureaucrats.
- 大阪市の周辺を見ると、京都市・神戸市・姫路市・和歌山市がそれぞれ中心機能を持って通勤・通学者を求心し、各々昼間人口が常住人口を越えているため、個別の都市圏を形成していると見なされている()。
- Since the cities of Kyoto, Kobe, Himeji and Wakayama, which surround Osaka, respectively function as a center and attract commuters going to work and school so that their daytime populations exceed their nighttime populations, they are taken to individually form metropolitan areas.
- だがこうした配慮にもかかわらず、あるいはその有能さゆえか、嵯峨天皇が宮廷内の権力を固めてゆく中で嫡流の地位を失ったとは言え、桓武天皇の嫡系の孫である阿保親王の動向は注目の対象であったらしい。
- Despite such a consideration, or because of Imperial Prince Abo's talent who was Emperor Kanmu's grandchild, he was the center of attention from others although he was not in the direct line of descendants, while Emperor Saga gradually establish his political base inside the Imperial Palace.
- 能有は朝廷の儀礼や政務に通じた有能な人物として知られ、貞観4年(862年)に従四位に初叙任されると、以後徐々に中央官界において頭角を顕し、弟の清和天皇、それに続く陽成天皇の治世をよく輔けた。
- Yoshiari was known as a person of ability who was familiar with rites and government practices of the Imperial Court, after he was first given the rank of Jushii (Junior Fourth Rank) in 862, he gradually distinguished himself in the national political arena and supported his younger brother, Emperor Seiwa and the subsequent Emperor Yozei well.
- このことから、最初から広刀自には内親王を産むことが期待され、光明皇后(光明皇后の母は県犬養三千代)には親王の出産が期待され、それぞれ斎王と天皇とになっていくことが目論まれていた可能性がある。
- Because of that, it was possibly planned from the beginning that Hirotoji was expected to have a Princess and Empress Komyo (Mother of Empress Komyo was Agata no INUKAI no Michiyo) was expected to have a Prince so that their children could become the Saio and the Emperor.
- ことに伝統芸能については公卿やその芸道 (哲学)の開祖が子々孫々その伝統を継承したことから家業となし、今日でも歌舞伎、能、狂言をはじめ、剣術・武道、弓術、礼法などでは世襲が一般的にみられる。
- Particularly with regard to the traditional performance arts, court nobles and the founders of a particular style of performing art (philosophy) would pass on the knowledge and skills of their tradition to their descendants; this would result in a kind of family business and even today heredity is commonly found in Kabuki, Noh drama, Kyogen (farce played during a Noh play cycle), swordsmanship, martial arts, Japanese archery and manners.
- 現在の亀岡市街地から篠町にかかる地域は4世紀ころまでは湖沼地だったらしいが、秦氏の大堰川(保津川)治水工事などにより利用可能な土地となると、桑田神社や屯倉が建立されたりして人の移住が見られた。
- The area from the urban district of Kameoka City to Shino-cho is believed to have been a lake or marsh until the fourth century; however, the Kuwada-jinja Shrine and the Miyake (Imperial-controlled territory) were built and people began to settle in the area, once the Hata clan reclaimed the land through the improvement of the Oi-gawa (Hozu-gawa) River.
- 下記2例以外にも、臣籍にあった北白川宮能久親王庶子2名が、明治30年(1897年)7月1日に華族に列している(二荒芳之伯爵と上野正雄伯爵)が、当初から臣籍にあったので「臣籍降下」には当らない。
- Except for following two examples, two illegitimate children of Kitashirakawanomiya Imperial Prince Yoshihisa, who were common subjects, became nobility on July 1, 1897, (Count Yoshiyuki FUTARA and Count Masao UENO) however, this was not considered as a demotion from nobility to subject, since their rank had been subject.
- また、海外史料との相対比較から、『宋書』や『梁書』に見える倭の五王の讃に比定する説(ほかに仁徳や履中を比定する説もある)、「広開土王碑」に見える倭国の朝鮮進出を指揮した可能性も指摘されている。
- Also, from relative comparisons with historical materials abroad, there is a theory which identifies him with San of the five kings of Wa, who appear in 'Sungshu (Book of the Sung dynasty)' and 'Book of the Liang dynasty' (in addition, there are theories which identify Nintoku or Richu with San) and a possibility has been pointed out that he might have directed the advancement of Wakoku (Japan) to Korea,which is written in 'Gwanggaeto Stele.'
- シカゴ大学名誉教授で宗教史学者のジョゼフ・キタガワは、シャーマン的能力の持ち主で、血縁の男性を介して長期間の統治を行った受動的な女性最高権者である点が、邪馬台国の卑弥呼に似ていると述べている。
- Joseph M. Kitagawa, a professor emeritus and a historian of religion at University of Chicago, describes that she resembles Himiko of Yamatai-Koku Kingdom in that she had a shamanistic ability and was the highest authority holder who was passive and female, and governed the country for a long time through a consanguine man.
- 君主を含む権力者が、世襲その他のあらかじめ決められている地位継承の規定や慣例によらず、有能であるなどの理由で、その地位にふさわしいと考える者に自分の地位を譲ることは、譲位ではなく、禅譲と言う。
- The transfer of a position from a powerful person, including a monarch, to another person who he considers is appropriate for the position because he is capable, regardless of heredity or predetermined regulations or customs of succession of a position, is not an abdication of the throne, but jozen (peaceful transfer of power).
- 反証可能性に至っていないもの、地球温暖化の進行程度の差を指摘するものなどが多く見られ、いずれの場合も化石燃料由来温室効果ガスの地球温暖化効果自体を否定する科学的根拠が示されているわけではない。
- There are many theories, some of which are not convincing and some of which point out the difference in degree of the progress of global warming; in summary, any of them does not show a scientific ground for denying the influence of global warning caused by greenhouse gases originated from fossil fuel.
- そのため、事前に予測可能な現象は予報を出してこの日に国家行事などを行う事を避け、突発的な現象に対しては、天文現象を観測してその意味を占いによって解釈して支配者に報告して対策を練る必要があった。
- Therefore, advance warning was given for predictable phenomena, so that these days could be avoided when holding national events, while unforeseen incidents needed to be observed, interpreted by divination and reported to the rulers so that they could respond appropriately.
- 一説によると、本能寺の変の際、堺市から三河国へ帰国する家康に同行した河内の土豪で、家康の警護をした恩賞として、旧領復帰(2,000石)と加増(2,000石)で4,000石の旗本になったともいう。
- According to a theory, it is also thought that Kiemon Masafusa KAINOSHO was a local clan in Kawachi that was appointed as hatamoto of 4000 koku (2000 of them was the regain of the former territory and the rest 2000 was a raise) as a reward for having served as Ieyasu's guard.
- ※大阪府域局のテレビ大阪(京都支社→京都市中京区烏丸通竹屋町角)も京都市山科区の東南部と山城国のほぼ全域、丹波国および丹後国の一部地域で直接受信可能(但し、本来の放送放送区域は大阪府地域のみ)。
- TV Osaka programs, which is for the Osaka Prefecture area (whose Kyoto branch office is located at Karasuma-Takeya-cho-kado, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City), can in fact be received directly in the southeast area of Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City, in the almost entire area of former Yamashiro Province, and in some areas of former Tanba Province and former Tango Province (however, the original broadcasting area is limited to the Osaka Prefecture area).
- 応神天皇の皇子で、母は和珥氏祖の日触使主(ひふれのおみ、比布礼能意富美)の女 ・宮主宅媛(みやぬしやかひめ、宮主矢河枝比売)である(ただし『先代旧事本紀』には、物部多遅麻連の女・山無媛とする)。
- Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko was Imperial prince of the Emperor Ojin, and his mother was Miyanushi Yakahimi [(宮主宅媛), also known as Miyanushi Yagahaehime (宮主矢河枝比売)], a daughter of Hifure no Ohomi [(日触使主); his name was also written in this way '比布礼能意富美') in being an ancestor of the Wani Uji Clan.] [However, according to the 'Sendai Kujihongi' (Ancient Japanese History), the mother of Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko appeared as Yamanashi Hime (山無媛), a daughter of 'Mononobe no Tajima no Muraji' (物部多遅麻連).].
- 相互銀行では、無尽に類似した制度である相互掛金という相互銀行専用商品が可能であったが、相互掛金制度自体が無尽とは大きく異なるものであったことや、取扱が面倒なことから早期に有名無実の制度となった。
- For mutual banks, it was possible to have dedicated products for mutual banks called mutual premiums, a system similar to Mujin, but it became in name only in the early stages because the mutual premium system itself was very different from Mujin and managing it was tiresome.
- 班田収授法が機能していた時代には不輸の田地に対しても班田使が調査を行って班田の対象外であることを確認することが行われており、後世においても不輸の田地でも不入の権を有していない田地も存在していた。
- However, while Handen Shuju ho (the law of periodic reallocations of rice land) was functioning, the handenshi (land reallocator) would survey rice fields that had fuyu no ken and confirm that they were excluded as targets of handen and in later years, there were rice fields that had fuyu no ken, but did not have funyu no ken.
- 豆板銀については持ち運び可能な銀秤(ぎんばかり)により随時秤量しての支払いが可能であり、また現金を銭緡(ぜにさし)で持ち歩くよりも携帯に便利で、適宜両替商で銭貨に替えて使用するなど、重宝された。
- Mameitagin were used widely, as they enabled each payment by weighing them with a portable Ginbakari (scale for silver) and were exchanged into silver coins at money changers as needed because they were easier to carry than cash in Zenisashi (a string to bundle coins).
- 旧皇室典範では「即位ノ礼及大嘗祭ハ京都ニ於テ之ヲ行フ」とあり、また天皇の所在を示す高御座が京都御所に安置されていることから、天皇の東京行幸以降も京都は依然として都で、特別な機能を有する都市である。
- The city of Kyoto maintains a special function as a result of the Former Imperial House Act which stipulated that 'the Sokui no rei (enthronement ceremony) and Daijosai (first ceremonial offering of rice by newly-enthroned Emperor) be held in Kyoto' and the fact that the Takamikura (imperial throne) is housed at the Kyoto Imperial Palace, which mean that Kyoto remains a capital even after the emperor has departed for Tokyo.
- また、古代に「豊」を「て」、「で」、「てみ」、「でみ」、「とみ」、「どみ」等と読んだ可能性もある(この他にも、この山の名の由来についてはいろいろな面白い説があるが飯豊女王と関係ない話なので省略)。
- And there is a possibility that '豊' was read as 'te,' 'de,' 'temi,' 'demi,' 'tomi,' 'domi,' and so on in ancient times (in addition to this, concerning the origin of name of this mountain, there are many interesting theories, but they are not relevant to Iitoyo no himemiko and thus omitted.
- この平定戦での動員兵力5万のうち戦死者は日本軍164人であるが、マラリア等による病死者は近衛師団長北白川宮能久親王はじめ4642人にのぼり、中国側兵士、住民およそ1万4千人の死者を出して終了した。
- This war to conquer Taiwa ended leaving 164Japanese war deaths and 4,642 deaths, including Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa, caused by diseases like malaria, out of 50,000 solders in motion, while about 14,000 Chinese solders and local people died.
- その弟らも義世の与党として流刑となったため、吉見氏嫡流の命脈は絶え、宗家の家督と武蔵国の所領は二代吉見義春の弟で能登国の住人となっていた吉見頼宗の子、即ち義春の甥である吉見頼隆の系統に引き継がれた。
- Yoshiyo's brothers were all exiled on charge of a privy to Yoshiyo's plot, and the lineage of the direct descendant of the Yoshimi clan came to an end; the family headship and territories of Musashi Province were handed down to the family line of the Noto Province resident Yoritaka YOSHIMI who was a son of Yoshimune YOSHIMI, a brother of the second family head Yoshiharu YOSHIMI (therefore a nephew of Yoshiharu).
- 戦後改革により皇室が自らこの差額を調達することは不可能となり、長年固定されていた皇室費を一挙に数倍に増額することは、敗戦直後の極度に逼迫した財政のもとではとうてい合理的な説明がつかなかったのである。
- After the postwar reform, it became impossible for the Imperial Family to manage their finances, increasing expenses several times could not have been practically accepted, especially under the tight financial situation just after the War.
- 寄人は藤原良経、慈円、源通親、源通具、釈阿(俊成)、藤原定家、寂蓮、藤原家隆、藤原隆信、藤原有家(六条藤家)、源具親、藤原雅経、鴨長明、藤原秀能の十四名(最後の三名は後に追加)、開闔は源家長である。
- The Yoryuudo were FUJIWARA no Yoshitsune, Gien, MINAMOTO no Michichika, MINAMOTO no Michitomo, Shakua (Shunzei, Toshinari), FUJIWARA no Sadaie (Teika), Jakuren, FUJIWARA no Ietaka, FUJIWARA no Takanobu, FUJIWARA no Ariie (Rokujo-Toke), MINAMOTO no Tomochika, FUJIWARA no Masatsune, KAMO no Chomei, FUJIWARA no Hideyoshi (Hideto), for a total of 14 poets (the last three poets were added later), and Kaiko was MINAMOTO no Ienaga.
- 古事記では迦具漏比売とされるが、彼女は実兄日本武尊の曾孫に当たり、生物学的に不可能である(現に、日本書紀では応神天皇の后となっているし、古事記でも彼の名前の重複が認められる)ことから誤記と思われる。
- In Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), he was considered as Kagurohime, but since Kagurohime was a great-granddaughter of his real older brother, YAMATO Takeru no Mikoto, this was biologically impossible (it is actually described in Nihonshoki [the oldest chronicles of Japan] that she became the empress to Emperor Ojin, and his name is repeated in Kojiki, too).
- 一般に実務官僚たる地下は堂上よりも出入りが頻繁で、特に医療に関する専門知識や特殊技能が求められた典薬寮では、在野の医師が新たに官位を与えられて新家として地下家になる例が他の官職より多かったようである。
- Generally, with more frequent comings and goings than the Dojo, it seems that it was often ex-doctors from the Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine where medical expertise and special skills were required) who joined jige families as Shinke.
- その後の多田荘は、多田源氏の庶流や累代の家人たちによって構成される多田院御家人によって在地支配がなされ、多田源氏直系の子孫は多田氏や能勢氏などとなったとされるが、その詳しい動向は明確でなくなっている。
- After that, Tada Manor was ruled directly by the Tada-In gokenin, a group consisting of collateral branches of the Tada-Genji or retainers that had served the Tada-Genji for generations, while direct descendants of the Tada-Genji apparently broke away to form new clans such as the Tada clan and Nose clan; however, further details concerning these developments are no longer known.
- これが通称としての「紀伝道」の成立である(ただし、『皇代記』には延暦24年(805年)6月に「紀伝儒者始」があったと記されており、紀伝博士成立以前に紀伝を担当する専門教員が置かれていた可能性がある)。
- This is how the name, 'kidendo,' was established (however, as 'Kodaiki' (The Chronicle of the Emperors) states that there was 'Kiden jusha hajime' (Start of Confucianism Class) in June, 805 (old lunar calendar), there is a possibility that an expert in teaching kiden had already been set up before kiden hakase).
- 本能寺の変後、賤ヶ岳の戦いで豊臣秀吉が織田信長の後継者としての地位を確立すると、隆景は進んで毛利家を羽柴秀吉の天下統一事業に参加させ、には四国征伐の功賞として伊予国一国を与えられて独立した大名となった。
- After the Honnoji Incident, when Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI established his status as the successor of Nobunaga ODA at the Battle of Shizugatake, Takakage willingly got the Mori family in on Hideyoshi HASHIBA's task of unification of the whole country; in 1585, he was given a whole Iyo Province after the Conquest of Shikoku and became an independent daimyo (Japanese feudal lord).
- しかしながら劇作の巧みさにより、「場面転換が多いわりには間然するところがない」優れた舞台作品であり、また内裏歌合の場面の華麗さもあって、「王朝絵巻ふうの、しかもユーモラスな味わいをもった能」と評される。
- However, it is also reviewed as 'an excellent work in which a skillful playwriting helps many scene changes to go through smoothly' and also as 'humorous and gorgeous like an imperial-court picture scroll,' because the Uta Awase at an imperial court added flamboyance to the story.
- また、能では小野小町を題材とした能は「七小町」と言われるように多く存在するが、他の曲では小町が落魄した凄惨な老婆の姿で登場するのに対し、本曲は現行曲では唯一若く美しい小町をシテとする曲としても知られる。
- In Noh, plays featuring ONO no Komachi is called 'Nana Komachi' (Seven Komachi) and there are many of them; however, this play is the only one, among frequently-played works, that portrays young and beautiful Komachi, while other Komachi stories depict old and ugly Komachi who fell from grace.
- また、尊仁親王を東宮としたいという天皇の考えを察した頼通が先手を打ち、東宮のことはゆっくりと考えるべきであるとして時間稼ぎに走ろうとしたところ、藤原能信が東宮のことは今すぐ決めるべきだと薦めて実現した。
- Yorimichi who got a scent of the Emperor's wish to appoint Imperial Prince Takahito as the Crown Prince beat him to it, and tried to gain time because he thought that the matter of Crown Prince should have been considered slowly; however, since FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu recommended to decide the matter of Crown Prince at once, it was realized to appoint Imperial Prince Takahito as the Crown Prince.
- 兄弟に平時忠・平親宗、姉妹に平時子(平清盛の後妻)・冷泉局(建春門院女房)・清子(平宗盛の室)・坊門殿(平重盛の室、平維盛母の可能性あり)・藤原親隆の室(権少僧都・全真の母)・帥局(建礼門院女房)がいる。
- Her brothers were TAIRA no Tokitada, TAIRA no Chikamune, sisters were TAIRA no Tokiko (TAIRA no Kiyomori's second wife), Reizei no Tsubone (a lady-in- waiting fro Kenshumonin), Kiyoko (TAIRA no Munemori's wife), Bomon dono (TAIRA no Shigemori's wife, she might possibly have been TAIRA no Koremori's mother), FUJIWARA no Chikataka's wife (Gon no Shosozu (rank of priests), Zenshin's mother), Sochi no Tsubone (a lady in waiting for Kenreimonin).
- これにより近衛が継嗣のないまま死去した場合には重仁への皇位継承が可能となったが、その後、崇徳の同母弟雅仁親王の王子守仁親王をも養子としたために、後年の保元の乱の原因となる跡目争いへの種が蒔かれてしまった。
- Given the above, in the event Konoe had no chance of succeeding to the Imperial Throne, there was a possibility for Shigehito to become a successor to the throne; however, Imperial Prince Morihito, the son of Sutoku's younger half-brother Imperial Prince Masahito, was also adopted, so that it ultimately became a factor of the Hogen War as a fight for imperial succession in later years.
- 結果的に、そのレーションの不備と輸送能力・インフラ整備の問題(輸送中に一万石の挽割麦の大半が変敗したという記録がある)等により、陸軍は約25万人の脚気患者を出し、うち約2万7,800人が病死したとされる。
- Approximately 27,800 of 250,000 army beriberi patients are said to have died due to improper rationing, and logistics and infrastructure problems (Records reveal that most of the 10,000 koku [approximately 1.8 million liters of crop yield] of barley groats spoiled in transit).
- 南北朝時代 (日本)には、多田頼貞、多田貞綱、多田義基などが南朝 (日本)方の武将として活動しているが、その明確な系譜は未詳である(『尊卑分脈』には多田頼盛の三男能瀬高頼の後裔に頼貞、貞綱の名が見える)。
- During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, some warlords called Tada, such as Yorisada TADA, Sadatsuna TADA and Yoshimoto TADA, fought on the side of the Southern Court, but the details of their family is unlear; incidentally, in 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' there is the depiction that Takayori NOSE (the third son of Yorimori TADA) had Yorisada and Sadatsuna as his descendants.
- 王朝国家体制期は、通常古代の末期に位置づけられるが、分権的な中世の萌芽期と位置づけることも可能であり、古代から中世への過渡期と理解されている(日本文学史研究においては「中古」という表現も用いられている)。
- Although the dynasty system is usually placed as having existed during the end of ancient times, it is also possible to place it during the early years of the middle age having a decentralized system and it is generally accepted as a transient period from the ancient period to the middle age (the expression 'Chuko' (literally, middle old) is used in the historical study of Japanese literature).
- 氏族単位での技能・学術の「世習」による継承は大和時代以前の日本の氏族において見られる現象であるが、律令制のもとではこうした方法を排除して公的機関である大学寮・典薬寮・陰陽寮において教育を行う制度を採用した。
- Handing down skills and learning by 'Seshu' (hereditary) within the clan was a phenomenon seen among Japanese clans before the Yamato period, but under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) these customs were abolished and the education system at public institutions such as Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education), Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine), and Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination) was adopted.
- すなわち、信長は本能寺の変以前に、大名としての織田家の家督は信忠に譲っており、自らは、織田・柴田・明智・羽柴・神戸(信孝)・北畠(信雄)などの「大名(信長の取立による大名)」の上に君臨する存在となっていた。
- That is to say, Nobukatsu had already handed over the headship of the family to Nobutada before the Honno-ji Incident, and he reined over such 'daimyo (selected by Nobunaga)' as Oda, Shibata, Akechi, Hashiba, (Nobutaka) KANBE, and (Nobuo) KITABATAKE.
- (ただし、家康と対抗可能な勢力を誇っていた前田利家が存命中は、徳川家が豊臣家を上回る権威を持つことは阻止できており、利家が秀吉の死から僅か8ヵ月後に病死しなければ家康の政権獲得は困難だったとも考えられる。)
- (However, the Toyotomi clan could control the Tokugawa clan while Toshiie Maeda was alive, because Toshiie could compete with Ieyasu: if Toshiie had not passed away only eight months after Hideyoshi's death, Ieyasu might have had difficulty in gaining control of the government.)
- 安東氏の後裔である旧子爵秋田氏には、長髄彦の兄である安日彦の子孫という伝承が残っているが、これは蝦夷の祖を安日に求めた室町期成立の『曽我物語』の影響を受けている可能性が高いため、信憑性は低いと考えられている。
- The Akita clan, a former viscount family and the descendant of the Ando clan, had handed down a legend that, the Akita clan was the descendant of Abihiko, Nagasunehiko's older brother, however, it is considered to have little credibility due to the possibility that it was influenced by 'Soga Monogatari' (The Tale of Soga), the tale written in the eeriest days of the Muromachi period, in which the ancestor of Emishi (northerners) was claimed to be Abihiko.
- さらに近衛前久は本能寺の変の当日または数日後に出家しており、これを細川幽斎の出家と同様、信長に殉じたと解釈するのが適切と見る見解や、後々まで信長の死を惜しんだ和歌を残している事などが反論として挙げられている。
- It has been also pointed out as refutations that Sakihisa KONOE became a priest on the day of or several days after Honnoji Incident and it seems appropriate to understand his becoming a priest was to follow Nobunaga same as Yusai HOSOKAWA's becoming a priest and that Sakihisa KONOE made a waka (31-syllable Japanese poem) which mourned Nobunaga's death.
- また、ヨーロッパやロシア、米国は、それぞれの国のエネルギー事情から、数値目標が達成可能かどうかや、経済に与える影響をあらかじめシミュレーションしていたが、日本は6%に対して、裏づけがないまま合意に至っている。
- Also, Europe, Russia and America had simulated previously whether or not the numerical goals could be achieved and the influence on the economy based on the energy situation of each country, but Japan agreed on 6% without deep consideration.
- 王朝国家体制では四位、五位どまりの受領に任命されるクラスの実務官人である下級貴族を諸大夫(しょだいぶ)と、上級貴族や諸大夫に仕える六位どまりの技能官人や家人を侍(さむらい)と呼び、彼らが行政実務を担っていた。
- In the system of the dynasty state, lower-ranking nobles who were officials for practical works appointed to the zuryo and who were promoted up to shii (Fourth Rank) or goi (Fifth Rank) were called shodaibu (aristocracy lower than Kugyo) and the technical officers and kenin (retainers) who were promoted up to rokui (Sixth Rank) and served upper-ranking nobles or shodaibu were called samurai (warrior) and they were in charge of administrative affairs.
- 逆賊となり表向き武器の購入が不可能となっていた長州藩に変わって薩摩が武器を購入するなどの経済的な連携を経た後、慶応2年(1866年)正月、京都薩摩藩邸内で木戸孝允・西郷らが立ち会い、薩長同盟の密約が締結された。
- After some cooperative work, such as when Satsuma purchased weapons for the Choshu clan, who were officially regarded as a rebels and could not purchase them, both signed the secretive agreement to form an alliance at the Satsuma clan's residence in the presence of Takayoshi KIDO and Saigo in Kyoto in January 1866.
- 本能寺の変前年に光秀が記した『明智家法』によれば、『自分は石ころのような身分から信長様にお引き立て頂き、過分の御恩を頂いた。一族家臣は子孫に至るまで信長様への御奉公を忘れてはならない』という趣旨の文を書いている。
- In Mitsuhide's writings 'Akechi-kaho' (family rules of the Akechi clan) written one year before the incident, Mitsuhide wrote a sentence that reads 'I was set up in the world by Nobunaga from the status like a pebble and I owe him a lot. My family and vassals including their descendents should not forget to serve to Nobunaga.'
- また、ICカード乗車券はJR西日本ではICOCAとSuicaにPiTaPaおよびTOICA(電子マネー機能はICOCAとSuicaのみ)、近鉄・京阪・阪急ではICOCA・PiTaPaが利用可能(順次各社拡大予定)。
- As for IC cards, the ICOCA, Suica, PiTaPa and TOICA cards can be used for the JR West lines (only the ICOCA and Suica cards can used as electronic money), and the ICOCA and PiTaPa cards can be used for the Kintetsu lines, the Keihan lines and Hankyu lines (each company is scheduled to expand the service gradually).
- 1965年の秋篠宮文仁親王の誕生から2006年の悠仁親王の誕生まで男性皇族が誕生していなかったため、皇位を継ぐべき男系男子が不足しており、皇室典範に定める皇位継承者が存在しなくなり、皇統が断絶する可能性が出てきた。
- Since the male Imperial Family was not born from the birth of Imperial Prince Akishino-no-miya Fumihito in 1965 through the birth of Imperial Prince Hisahito in 2006, males in the male line, who could succeed the Imperial Throne, is in short supply, and there is a possibility of the extinction of the Imperial line because heir to the Imperial Throne, as regulated in the Imperial House Act, no longer exists.
- 眉輪王の物語が暗殺の実情を隠蔽する目的の述作であるとすると、眉輪王を匿ったために滅ぼされたという記紀の筋書きにも疑問が生じ、実際の滅亡原因は、大泊瀬皇子のライバルである押磐皇子と連携していたことにあった可能性が高い。
- If we interpret this incident in the story of Emperor Mayowa as a jussaku (literary work) which conceals the real reason of his assasination, there is a high possibility that the cause of their fall was due to the Katsuraki clan's alliance with Prince Oshihano, who was the rival for Prince Ohatsuse.
- この準則に従えば、一部の旧皇族はいまだに皇族の身分にとどまっていたことになり、これらの旧皇族に男系男子があった場合「宮家からの天皇即位」という解決策をもって皇統断絶の危機を回避する手段とできた可能性があるからである。
- Because once this regulation is put into practice, if some former Imperial Families, still ranking as Imperial members, have a male successor who could have become a successor to the throne from the Miyake, this would possibly prevent a crisis of discontinuity in Imperial succession.
- 各地の測量には幕府の許可を要したが、幕府も西洋列強の艦船が頻繁に日本近海に現れるようになったため国防上、全国沿岸地図の必要を痛感しており、伊能の事業を有益だと判断したため、測量許可のみならず、全国各藩にも協力させた。
- Though he had to ask the Bakufu for permission to survey various areas, the Bakufu not only granted him permission but also ordered domains throughout the country to cooperate with him because it determined that his operations were beneficial, perceiving a pressing need for a national coastal map in terms of national defense, with warships of the Western posers frequently witnessed in the sea of Japan.
- その間皇后禎子内親王とその皇子尊仁親王は関白らに冷遇されていたが、後朱雀天皇が里内裏東三条殿において病に倒れて譲位を決断した際、皇后を支援していた藤原能信の働きで尊仁親王を次期皇太子にするよう遺詔を発したと言われる。
- During this time, Empress Teishi and her prince, Takahito, were treated coldly by the chancellors (chief advisors to the emperor), and it is said that after Emperor Go-Suzaku decided to abdicate due to his illness when he was staying in the temporary palace of Higashi Sanjo dono, FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu, who supported the Empress, helped set up Prince Takahito as the next Crown Prince according to the will of Emperor Go-Suzaku.
- 後一条天皇の時、皇太子敦明親王が皇太子辞退を申し出ると、親王の男子(三条天皇の孫)に特に親王の称号を許して以後厳密な規定がされなくなり、孫以下の皇親でも天皇の養子縁組・猶子となって親王の待遇を受ける事が可能となった。
- When Crown Prince Atsuakira requested to withdraw from the crown princeship during the reign of Emperor Goichijo, the title of imperial prince was specially granted to the crown prince's son (grandson of Emperor Sanjo), lifting the strict measures regarding entitlement and allowing Koshin two generations and beyond to be able to receive the rights granted to imperial princes by becoming the adopted child of an emperor.
- また、農本主義的に思われている家康だが、実際には織田信長、豊臣秀吉と同時代の人間であり、また信長の徹底的な規制緩和による経済振興策をその目で見てきていることからも、成長重視の経済振興派であった可能性が指摘されている。
- Even though Ieyasu was believed to be an agricultural fundamentalist, it is pointed that Ieyasu was, in effect, likely to pursue the growth-oriented economic promotion because he actually lived in the same period as Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and witnessed Nobunaga's economic promotion policy by thorough deregulation.
- だが、二条良実邸は後に内裏として用いられる二条富小路殿であったことが、『平戸記』寛元2年4月20日条に記された良実の冷泉殿から二条富小路殿への移転記事(「今夜殿下(二条良実)御渡二条富小路御所」)から確認可能である。
- However, the residence of Yoshizane NIJO was in fact Nijo Tomikojidono residence, which later served as the dairi (Imperial Palace), as is written in the June 4, 1244 entry of 'Heikoki' (Diary of TAIRA no Tsunetaka) ('Tonight the lord (Yoshizane NIJO) moved to Nijo Tomikoji residence').
- 大股集落は『清良記』にも名があることから室町時代初期には街道集落として成立していたものと見られ、『めぐり』にも伯母子峠越えを控えた宿場として機能していたようすが記されており、津田屋・坂口屋等の旅籠の名が伝えられている。
- Since Omata Village was mentioned in 'Seiryoki,' it is considered to have been formed as a village along a major road in the early Muromachi period, and 'Meguri' described the village as an inn town for travelers who crossed Obako Pass and recorded the names of such inns including Tsuda-ya Inn and Sakaguchi-ya Inn.
- 近代になると鞆の浦の拠点性はますます低下していき、1913年(大正3年)の鞆鉄道線開通により陸上交通の利便性は向上したものの、半島の先端という孤立した環境や開発可能な平野部が少ないことなどから近代化の波に取り残された。
- Modern Tomonoura had gradually lost its importance as a hub, and even the enhanced land traffic convenience based on the opening of railroads by Tomotetsudo Co., Ltd., in 1913 could not prevent Tomonoura from failing to catch up the others amid the sweeping tide of modernization due to locational disadvantages of being an isolated tip of peninsula and lacking developable plains.
- 南側、つまり楽市や六角氏の居館があった方向から攻め上ろうとすると、そこには強固な石垣がある平井丸、池田丸があり、また山裾の平地部分に部隊を展開しようとすると、観音寺城の支城、箕作城、長光寺城があり挟撃される可能性がある。
- If enemies attacked the castle from the south where the Rakuichi and the residences of the Rokkaku clan were located, the Hiraimaru (Kuruwa) and Ikedamaru (Kuruwa) areas were there with strong stone walls to block them; and if enemies tried to send troops to the flatland at the skirt of the mountain, there was a possibility of a pincer drive by the armies from Mitsukuri-jo Castle and Chokoji-jo Castle, the subsidiary castles of Kannonji-jo Castle.
- また前述の荷前山陵のような大きな変動の余地のある項目がそのままにされていることから、延喜年間に細かい語句の修正が行われた可能性があるものの、現存の『儀式』の原本は貞観年間に編纂された儀式(書)であるとするのが通説である。
- Also, there is a possibility that the petty revision of words was made during the Engi era since changeable items such as Nosaki sanryo mentioned above remain unchanged, but it is commonly believed that the original of the existing 'Gishiki' is the Gishiki (book) that was compiled during the Jogan era.
- 作者として挙げられているのは、世阿弥・観世信光・観世長俊・金春禅竹・金春禅鳳・宮増・近江能・三条西実隆・竹田法印定盛・細川弘源寺・音阿弥・太田垣忠説・金春善徳・内藤藤左衛門・河上神主・「作者不分明能ただし大略金春能か」。
- Zeami, Nobumitsu KANZE, Nagatoshi KANZE, Zenchiku KONPARU, Zenpo KONPARU, Miyamasu, No Omi, Sanetaka SANJONISHI, Sadamori Hoin TAKEDA, Hosokawa Kogenji, Onami, Tadatoki OTAGAKI, Yoshinori KONPARU, Tozaemon NAITO and Kawakami Kannushi are listed as writers, with 'the noh plays the writhers of which are unknown', which might be attributed to the Konparu family.
- 先に足利義教が暗殺された嘉吉の変では、管領らが協議して直ちに後継将軍が定められたが、永禄の変以前の永禄6年(1563年)に管領細川氏綱が死去して以後、管領は置かれておらず、将軍の死により幕府機能は事実上停止するに至った。
- In the Kakitsu Incident in which Yoshinori ASHIKAGA was assassinated, his deputy and other officials held consultations and immediately selected the succeeding Shogun, but, since Deputy Ujitsuna HOSOKAWA had died in 1563 before the Eiroku Incident, the position of deputy was unfilled, allowing the functions of the Bakufu to be virtually halted by the Shogun's death.
- なお、昭和37年(1962年)、三重県上野市(現・伊賀市)の旧家から発見された上嶋家文書(江戸時代末期の写本)によると、伊賀、服部氏族の上嶋元成の三男が猿楽(能)の大成者である観阿弥で、その母は楠木正成の姉妹であるという。
- According to the kamijima-ke bunsho (documents of the Kamijima family; it was the manuscript from the end of Edo Period) found in 1962 from an old house in Ueno city (present day Iga city) in Mie Prefecture, the third son of Gensei UESHIMA is Kanami, the master of sarugaku (form of theatre popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries) or Noh and his mother is a sister of Masashige.
- 江戸時代の地下官人制度は局務・官務・出納からなり地下官人を統率する催官人と一般の地下官人である並官人、その下で雑用を担当し株の売買によって町人や農民でも身分を獲得することが可能であった下官人の3層構造体制で構成されていた。
- The lower ranking officials during the Edo period were divided into three offices 'Kyokumu,' 'Kanmu,' and 'Suino' with a hierarchy of the class controlling over the lower ranking officials; the class consisting of the general lower ranking officials; and the class in charge of chore which could be attained by townsmen and farmers through purchasing stock.
- ただし、世習の場合はそれぞれの氏族が持つ特定の技能を世代を超えて継承されることで初めて官職を世襲することが可能になるものであり、何代も特定の官職を継承してきた家柄でもその能力を満たせなくなればその地位を失う可能性はあった。
- But in case of Seshu, they could not take over the government position until the specialized skill of each clan was handed down to them through generations, so there was a possibility of losing it unless they were skilled enough even though they were from the family line that had been in the government position for generations.
- また、塩谷義通については、義綱が家督を継いだのは天正2年(1574年)11月のことであり、義孝の死去から10年のブランクがあるため、正室の子である義綱が元服するまでの間、繋ぎ的に塩谷氏の当主であった可能性も指摘されている。
- As for Yoshimichi SHIONOYA, it is pointed out that, as it was in November 1574 that Yoshitsuna succeeded to the position of family head and there was an unknown period of ten years after the death of Yoshitaka, until Yoshitsuna, a lawful wife's son, went through genpuku, possibly Yoshimichi might have been the family head on a tentative basis.
- 「文人」に対する「武人」、「文官」に対する「武官」と同じような使い訳で、「文士」に対する「武士」といういわれ方は奈良・平安時代初期にも僅かに見られたが、職能としてはともかくとして、それは後の「武士」につながるものではない。
- The 'literati' in contrast to 'warrior,' 'civil officer' in contrast to 'military officer' were referred a little during Nara and early Heian periods but not as a work duty nor connected to later 'bushi.'
- 桜町上皇と一条兼香が定めた寛延3年(1750年)の「官位御定」では、押小路家・壬生家が従三位に昇ることが可能であったのに対して、平田家は従四位上叙任を70歳以上とし、特別な功労がない限りは正四位下には昇進できないとしている。
- According to 'Kanni Osadame' issued in 1750 by the Retired Emperor Sakuramachi and Kaneyoshi ICHIJO, the Oshinokoji family and the Mibu family were allowed to rise to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank), but members of the Hirata family could be appointed Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) at the age of seventy or older, being not allowed to rise to Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) unless special services were recognized in particular.
- 活躍した時代の異なる歌人たちを同時代の人物として一同に会するなど、史的考証の面では明らかな誤りが多く、また「草紙を洗う」という突飛な展開や、小町が作中で詠む歌など「稚気あふれる作品」と評され、「荒唐無稽」な筋立ての能である。
- This story is reviewed as 'childlike' both for the eccentric idea to 'rinse Soshi with water' and for Komachi's childish poem itself during the play, and also the plot is seen as 'unrealistic and having many historical errors,' because master poets from different times are portrayed as if they lived in the same period.
- 『上宮記』逸文は近年、黛弘道の研究によって推古朝の遺文である可能性も指摘され、その内容の信憑性や実際の血統については前述のとおり議論が分かれているものの原帝紀の編纂(欽明天皇朝か)と同じ頃に系譜伝承が成立したものと思われる。
- Recently, Hiromichi MAYUZUMI's study pointed out the possibility that the surviving fragment of 'Joguki' is a remaining document from the Reign of Empress Suiko, and, even though its credibility and the truth of genealogy remain an open question as mentioned above, the tradition of genealogy appears to have been established around the same time as when Gentekiki (the ur-text of Teiki [records of Emperor's family tree]) was compiled (possibly in the reign of Emperor Kinmei).
- ところが1980年代に入り、継体の出自を伝える『上宮記』の成立が推古天皇朝に遡る可能性が指摘(黛弘道「継体天皇の系譜について」『律令国家成立史の研究』吉川弘文館、1982年)されて、傍系王族説が再び支持を集めるようになった。
- But in the 1980s, the possibility that the creation of 'Joguki' which records the origin of Keitai would go back to the reign of Empress Suiko (Hiromichi MAYUZUMI 'A Denealogical Study of Emperor Keitai' 'Ritsuryo kokka seiritsushi no kenkyu'[Study of the establishment of the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes] Yoshikawa Kobunkan Inc. 1982), was brought to light and the collateral line royal family theory regained momentum.
- その江戸幕府においても高家が大名に礼儀作法を伝授する際に受け取る「束脩」などは一種の幕府公認の礼銭であり、かの『忠臣蔵』の最初の場面である浅野長矩と吉良義央の遣り取りも実は「束脩」の性質を巡るトラブルと考える事も可能である。
- In the Edo bakufu, however, the 'sokushu' (initiation fees) that Koke (government position in charge of rituals and ceremonies) received from Daimyo when teaching manners can be considered to be a type of reisen officially recognized by the bakufu; in fact, it is possible to assume that the fight between Naganori ASANO and Yoshihisa KIRA in the first scene of the 'Chusingura' (The treasury of Loyal Retainers) was over the nature of the 'sokushu.'
- 自営業でなくても、親と同じ職種につくことは人脈や職務上必要とされる知識といった無形の財産をひきつぐ上で有利であるため、政治家、外交官、大学教員、芸能人など、社会的に突出した職業や地位の多くに、事実上の世襲が多くなる傾向がある。
- Even though it is not an independent enterprise, to take the same occupation as the parent is advantageous in terms of the succession of intangible assets such as goodwill, personal networks and the knowledge required in the course of their work; therefore, many of those occupations or positions that are regarded as socially outstanding such as politicians, diplomatic officials, academics, and entertainers tend to be passed on through the generations.
- 1904年2月23日、開戦前に「局外中立宣言」をした大韓帝国における軍事行動を可能にするために日韓議定書を締結し、開戦後8月には第一次日韓協約を締結、大韓帝国の財政、外交に顧問を置き条約締結に日本政府との協議をすることとした。
- On February 23rd, 1904, Japan concluded the Japan-Korean Protocol enabling Japan to take military action in the Korea in spite of the fact that the Korean Empire had announced a 'Declaration of neutrality' prior to the outbreak of the war; This made the way for the conclusion of the Japan-Korea Treaty in August 1904 in which Japan assigned advisers to Korean financial and foreign affairs departments to ensure that they consulted the Japanese government prior to concluding treaties with foreign powers.
- 財団法人日本漢字能力検定協会が、その年をイメージする漢字一字の公募を日本全国より行い、その中で最も応募数の多かった漢字一字を、その年の世相を表す漢字として、毎年12月12日の「漢字の日」に京都府京都市東山区の清水寺で発表する。
- On December 12th of each year, the Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation calls upon people across the country to submit a Chinese character that symbolizes the year throughout Japan and announces the Chinese character with the most submissions as the Kanji representing the social conditions of the year at the Kiyomizu-dera Temple in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture on the 'Kanji's day.'
- 太閤記や佐久間軍記などでは、和議の時点ですでに毛利氏は本能寺の変の発生を知っていたとして描かれており、小早川隆景が「信長に代わって天下を治めるのは秀吉であるから、今のうちに恩を売るべきである」として和議を支持する進言をしている。
- In Taikoki and Sakuma Gunki, it is described that the Mori clan already knew about the occurrence of Honnoji Incident at the time of negotiations for peace, and Takakage KOBAYAKAWA proposed 'Because Hideyoshi will govern the country after Nobunaga, we should put Hideyoshi under an obligation at this stage.' supporting negotiations for peace.
- しかし、上記説の論者は、当時の状況(後光厳系統断絶の危機など)を詳細に観察してみると、義満による皇位簒奪はかなりの可能性で成功したはずであり、もし成功していればその後の天皇(皇位)のあり方が劇的に変化していただろうと考えている。
- However the present writer of the above seemed to think that Yoshimitsu had a great possibility to regain his rights of succeeding the throne after looking into the details of the situation, (such as the crisis of discontinuity of Emperor Gokogon's Imperial lineage) if Yoshimitsu had a chance to succeed to the throne, the existence of the (Emperor) Imperial throne should have been changed dramatically.
- 天保元年(1830年)に彦根城で能会が開かれた折に、彦根藩のお抱え狂言師であった小川吉五郎が「枕物狂」を上演中に急病で倒れ、その後を千吾(当時20歳)が見事に代演してみせたので、藩主の井伊直弼に気に入られ、その場で召し抱えられた。
- When Kichigoro OGAWA, a personal retainer and Kyogen performer of the Hikone clan, suddenly fell ill during his performance of 'Makuramonogurui' (a Kyogen love story between an old man and a young girl) at a Noh ceremony held in Hikone Castle in 1830, Sengo (20 years old at that time) managed to perform as a substitute for Kichigoro, by which Sengo gained favor with Naosuke II, the lord of the Hikome clan and was taken into his service on the spot.
- 本著は先に挙げた先行の作者付を参考にして書かれ、『金春八左衛門書上』、そして『観世太夫書上』・『自家伝抄』の一部を重視し、『能本作者註文』・『歌謡作者考』を参照しつつ、加えて現在知られていない伝書の説も取り入れたと考えられている。
- It is thought that this book was written based on the prior sakushazuke, emphasizes parts of 'Konparu Hachizaemon Kakiage,' 'Kanze Dayu Kakiage' and 'Jika Densho,' and draws inspiration from 'Nohon Sakusha Chumon' and 'Kayo Sakusha Ko' in addition to incorporating the views of the texts now unknown.
- 卑弥呼の没したとされる近辺に、247年3月24日と248年9月5日の2回、北部九州で皆既日食がおきた可能性があることが天文学上の計算より明らかになっている(大和でも日食は観測されたが北九州ほどはっきりとは見られなかったとされる)。
- Astronomical calculations have confirmed that total solar eclipses could have occurred on March 24, 247, and September 5, 248, in the vicinity of northern Kyushu where Himiko died (solar eclipses were observed in Yamato, but it is considered that they were not as clear as those in Kyushu).
- 従来、この「沙至比跪」と襲津彦を同一人とし、『書紀』紀年を修正して干支2運繰り下げて、壬午年を382年と解釈すると、襲津彦は4世紀末に実在した人物であり、朝鮮から俘虜を連れ帰った武将として伝承化されている可能性などが指摘されてきた。
- If we assume that there was a time lag of 2 uns (120 years; 1 un is equivalent to 60 years) of kanshi (Chinese calendrical system) in the year recorded in 'Nihonshoki' and consider Sotsuhiko as the same person as 'Hisachiku,' there is a possibility that Sotsuhiko was a legendized man who existed in the 4th century and was sent to Korea around 382 and brought some prisoners from the war.
- 能勢氏は摂津源氏の流れを汲む一族で、源頼光の玄孫・源国基を祖とするが、多田源氏の惣領であった源頼盛の三男・能瀬高頼の後裔であるともいう(『尊卑分脈』の記述によると国基の後裔は田尻、高頼の後裔は倉垣を本拠としていたものと推察される)。
- The Nose clan follows Settsu Genji having MINAMOTO no Kunimoto, a great-great-grandson of MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu as their ancestor, while they are said to have been the descendant of Takayori NOSE, the third son of MINAMOTO no Yorimori, the successor of Tada-Genji (according to the description from 'Sonpi Bunmyaku,' Kunimoto's descendants were based in Tajiri and Takayori's were in Kuragaki).
- 加えて本能寺の変直後、光秀が紀州雑賀衆・土橋重治へ送った書状に「上意馳走申しつけられて示し給い、快然に候」と、光秀より身分の高い者からの命令を指す「上意」という言葉を使っていることを挙げ、光秀の背後に足利義昭が存在したと主張している。
- In addition, Mitsuhide sent a letter to Shigeharu TSUCHIBASHI, who was a member of the Saigashu (a powerful local clan in Saiga, Kishu), saying, 'A joi (order from a superior to a subordinate) has been issued requesting that you provide service, which is a great honor', and Fujita pointed out that as the word 'joi' was used, the order must be from someone with a higher status than Mitsuhide.
- なお、このときの伊能図の写しを元に1863年にイギリスで「日本と朝鮮半島近傍の沿海図」として刊行され、日本に逆輸入されて、勝海舟(1823年 - 1899年)の手によって慶応3年(1867年)に「大日本国沿海略図」として木版刊行された。
- Based on the copy of Ino map acquired at that time 'Map of Sea along the Coasts of Japan and Korean Peninsula' was published in Britain in 1863, and later it was brought back to Japan and published as 'Rough Map of Sea along the Coast of Great Japan'in woodblock printing by Kaishu KATSU (1823-1899) in 1867.
- さらに、宝亀3年(772年)、母の井上内親王と他戸親王の廃后と廃太子事件のあった後の11月13日 (旧暦)、俄かに井上内親王の娘の酒人内親王が19歳で伊勢の斎王にト定されており、この事件と酒人内親王の斎王ト定は連動していた可能性がある。
- Imperial Princess Sakahito (the daughter of Imperial Princess Inoe) was suddenly appointed to Ise no Saio (Saio of the Ise-jingu Shrine) at the age of 19 on December 15, 772, after the deposition of her mother Imperial Princess Inoe as empress and Imperial Prince Osabe as crown prince, a daughter of Imperial Princess Inoe, and there is a possibility that the incident was related to the appointment of Imperial Princess Sakahito to Saio.
- 天保通寳は寛永通寳5~6枚分の量目に過ぎず、吹き減りおよび工賃を差し引いても一枚10文前後のコストで製造可能である為、幕府は地方での発行を「禁制」として認めなかったが、幕末期に偽装工作としての地方貨幣発行の陰で各藩による密鋳が横行した。
- Since the Tenpo-tsuho only weighed five or six Kanei-tsuho coins and it was possible to produce a coin in 10 mon even less labor charge and reducing the weight by minting, the bakufu did not admit to issue the coin in local areas as 'Kinsei' (taboo), however some clans secretly minted the Tenpo-tsuho behind the imitative deception of the local coin issuance in the end of the Edo period.
- 安東氏の所領は稲作には必ずしも適さない土地に広がっており、その内陸部から得る利益は少ないものの、日本海に大きな交易網を形成することにより多大な経済的利益を得ることが可能な沿岸部の良港を押さえていたことから、海の豪族とする見方がされている。
- The Ando clan's territory, which was extended on the land infeasible for cultivation, and the profits gained from the inner land was scarce, however, the clan was gripping key ports along the coast, which had possibility to provide the clan an enormous benefit through a large-scale trading net in the Sea of Japan, and in this sense, the clan can be considered as a maritime local ruling family.
- 以降、長きにわたって伊能図(特に大図)は「失われた地図」となり、千葉県佐原市(現在は香取市)の伊能忠敬記念館に保管されていた写しの一部など、全214枚のうち約60枚の写しのほかは、東京国立博物館が所蔵する中図の写しが残るのみとなっていた。
- Ino map (especially large maps) had been long treated as a 'Lost Map' since then, and only copies of the medium-sized maps possessed by Tokyo National Museum remained except the copies of about 60 sheets of the total 214 sheets, including a part of the copies kept by The Ino Tadataka Museum in Sawara City (today's Katori City), Chiba Prefecture.
- 伊能は文化15年(1818年)に完成を待たずに死去するが、その喪は伏せられ、師・高橋至時の子である高橋景保(1785年 - 1829年)が仕上げ作業を監督し、文政4年7月10日 (旧暦)(1821年8月7日)「大日本沿海輿地全図」が完成。
- INO passed away in 1818 before the map was completed, but his death was hidden and Kageyasu TAKAHASHI (1785 - 1829), a son of his master Yoshitoki TAKAHASHI, led the finishing operation until 'Dainihon Enkaiyochi Zenzu' was completed on August 7, 1821.
- 特に宮中において天皇に近侍する蔵人・太政官において行政事務を担当する弁官・平安京の司法・警察・民政の実務を行う検非違使佐は仕事量が多く重要な官職であったこのため、それらの職務を同時にこなすことは実務能力に優れた官僚でなければ不可能だった。
- As Kurodo who valeted the Emperor at court, Benkan in charge of administrative jobs at Dajokan and Kebiishi no suke responsible for judiciary/police/civil affairs in Heiankyo (Kyoto) were particularly important official positions with a heavy workload, it was impossible for an official to assume these three positions concurrently unless he had an excellent business ability.
- しかし、将軍家の近習であった経緯から織田信長には非協力的であったとされ、天正10年(1582年)の本能寺の変では能勢頼次が明智光秀方に加勢し、豊臣秀吉によって光秀が滅ぼされると頼次は能勢を追われ先祖多田頼貞に縁のある備前に潜伏したという。
- However, they are said to have taken a no cooperative stance toward Nobunaga ODA because they were attendants to the Shogun, so at the Honnoji Incident in 1582 Yoritsugu NOSE supported Mitsuhide AKECHI and after Mitsuhide was destroyed by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI Yoritsugu was forced from Nose and hid in Bizen Province, which was associated with his ancestor Yorisada TADA.
- また、江村宗具の「老人雑話」の、「明智の乱(本能寺の変)のとき、東照宮(家康)は堺におわしました。信長は羽柴藤五郎に仰せつけられて、家康に大坂堺を見せよとつかわされたのだが、 実のところは隙をみて家康を害する謀であった」とある部分が著名である。
- Also, a well-known quotation from 'Rojinzatsuwa' (literally, miscellaneous stories by an old man) by Munetomo EMURA states: 'On the occasion of the Akechi Disturbance (Honnoji Incident), Toshogu (Ieyasu) was in Sakai. Nobunaga ordered Togoro HASHIBA to act as a sightseeing guide for Ieyasu in Osaka and Sakai, but in reality, it was a plot to exploit an opportunity to kill Ieyasu'.
- しかし髙橋昌明が「ここでは中心的な問題ではない」というその「ここ」、つまり「武士職能の発生論」ではなくて、「武士」という存在全体、髙橋昌明がいうところの「存在の真の根拠」を理解しようとするときには、在地領主としての存在も無視する訳にはいかない。
- However, the existence of estate owners cannot be ignored in order to understand 'bushi' existence and 'the real origin of existence' mentioned by Masaaki TAKAHASHI, but excluding 'the theory of origin of bushi performance' that he pointed out in 'this' is not a central problem.'
- こうしたとき「唐物目利」として活躍したのが、同朋衆の能阿弥、芸阿弥、相阿弥で、彼らによって書かれた『室町殿行幸御餝記』や『小河御所并東山殿御餝図』から、行幸のときや普段、御所がどう飾りつけられたか、が分かるが、会所を飾ったのは主に唐物であった。
- Doboshu, Noami, Geiami, and Soami were active as the 'judges of Karamono' and wrote 'Muromachidono Gyokookazariki' and 'Ogawagosho hyohigashiyamadonookazariki' and described how gosho was decorated during gyoko or usually, but kaisho was mostly decorated with karamono.
- 藤田はこの説を裏付ける証拠として、本能寺の変の直前に光秀が上杉景勝に協力を求めて送った使者が、「御当方(上杉のこと)無二御馳走(協力)申し上げるべき」(「覚上公御書集」より)と、明らかに上杉より身分の高い人物への協力を促していることを示している。
- Fujita advocated that Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA existed in the background of Mitsuhide pointing out that, as evidences to substantiate his view, Mitsuhide's envoy who was sent to Kagekatsu UESUGI immediately before Honnoji Incident asking for cooperation stated 'The Uesugi should cooperate' ('Kakujokogoshoshu') requesting cooperation to a person who was in higher position than Uesugi's.
- この時革命を起こそうと考えた者の武装やヤクザの抗争の影響でより一層武器の取締りが厳しくなり、特に銃器関連を所持するには銃器にもよるが、数ヶ月期間の審査が必要であり、少なくとも暴力行為を前提に銃器を合法的に所持するのは日本では事実上不可能になった。
- Since those who planned revolutions bore arms and gangs (yakuza) started conflicts, the law was reinforced and a several month examination (the period depends on the kind of firearms) was required to possess a firearm-related weapon, making the legal possession of firearms for the purpose of violence virtually impossible in any event in Japan.
- 珍しい例では徳川家康の家臣団であった水野勝成は、大将格であったにもかかわらず一番槍をあげ軍令違反として処罰されている(表面的な理由は、大将格が序盤で戦死すると総崩れになる可能性を危惧したものだが、統率者としての自己顕示欲の強さを戒める面もある)。
- In a rare example, one of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's vassals named Katsunari MIZUNO was punished for taking the position of Ichiban-yari in spite of his status as general (this was ostensibly due to the concern that if the general had died at an early stage of the battle, his army would have suffered a debacle, but he was also punished as a warning against being too self-assertive as a leader).
- 政治的な重要事件に関する記述は役目の地位の問題から多くはないが、その代わり江戸時代の宮中儀式のあり方や日常の宮廷の状況、地下官人制度についての記録は詳細であり、公卿の日記・記録類では多くを見ることが出来ない事務方の動向について知ることが可能である。
- Because of the official status of the Hirata family, the records contain few descriptions about important political events; instead, they contain details of the Imperial Court ceremonies, daily life in the imperial court, and the lower ranking official system during the Edo period, providing movements of the secretaries which cannot be seen in the court nobles' diaries and records.
- 大阪親局(生駒山西中腹、アナログ19ch・デジタル18ch(リモコンキーID7))または枚方市局(アナログ21cn・デジタル27ch(リモコンキーID7))の受信となる(デジタル波は指向性の関係でアナログ波と比べると受信可能地域が狭くなっている)。
- The programs must be received, with the remote controller key ID number seven, from the radiowave broadcasted by the parent Osaka parent station (which is for analog channel 19 and digital channel 18 and is located in the middle of the western slope of Mt. Ikoma) or from that by the Hirakata City station (for analog channel 21 and digital channel 27) (the receiving area of the digital wave is limited compared with that of the analog wave, because of its directivity characteristics).
- ただし、『日本書紀』推古紀によれば18歳で皇后に立てられたとあり、これを採用した場合には欽明天皇32年(敏達天皇即位の年)に皇后となったことになり、広姫立后の記事と矛盾することになり、広姫立后記事か推古の立后時の年齢のいずれかが誤りの可能性がある。
- However, according to the chronicle of Suiko in 'Nihonshoki,' she was named the empress at the age of 18 and, when this theory is adopted, she became the empress in 571, the year of enthronement of Emperor Bidatsu, contradicting an article on investiture of Hirohime as the empress and suggesting a possible mistake either in the article on investiture of Hirohime as the empress or the age of Suiko at the time of her investiture as the empress.
- 家元制度は家学宗家の権威を高める一方で家元である宗家当主は門人を免許の発給を通じて家学を支配していく役目に転化していったため、勿論家元に相応しい技能を有した宗家当主も存在したものの、それに相応しい能力を有しない継承者の隠蔽の役割も果たすことになった。
- While the iemoto system enhanced the authority of the head family of the iemoto, because the role of the family head changed into the one ruling kagaku through issuing a license to the pupils, the family head also assumed the role in hiding the successor who was not competent even though some family heads themselves were not competent to the iemoto.
- 平氏一門のうち宗盛、清宗、それに平家と行動をともにしていた平時忠(二位ノ尼の弟)、平時実、平信基、藤原尹明といった廷臣、能円、全真、良弘、忠快、行命といった僧侶、平盛国、平盛澄、源季貞らの武将、大納言典侍、帥典侍、治部卿局らの女房が捕虜となっている。
- Of the Taira clan those taken prisoner included Munemori and Kiyomune; the courtiers TAIRA no Tokitada (Tokiko's younger brother), TAIRA no Tokizane, TAIRA no Nobumoto, and FUJIWARA no Tadaaki, who had acted in support of the main Taira clan; the Buddhist priests Noen, Zenshin, Ryoko, Chukai, and Gyomei; the military commanders TAIRA no Morikuni, TAIRA no Morizumi, and MINAMOTO no Suesada; and among the women, FUJIWARA no Sukeko (known as the Lady-in-Waiting to the Chief Councillor of State (Dainagon)), FUJIWARA no Muneko (the Lady-in-Waiting to the governor), and the Lady-in-Waiting to the Lord of the Office of Governance.
- またルイス・フロイスの『日本史』(Historia de Iapan)や、変に従軍した光秀配下の武士が江戸時代に書いたという『本城惣右衛門覚書』によれば、当時、重職以外の足軽や統率の下級武士は京都本能寺にいる徳川家康を討つものと信じていた、とされている。
- According to 'Historia de Iapan' by Luis Frois and 'Honjo Soemon Oboegaki' (literally, 'memorandum of Soemon HONJO') that is reportedly written by a samurai under Mitsuhide who followed the army in the Incident, ashigaru (foot soldier) and low-level samurai in command of them believed at that time that they would attack Ieyasu TOKUGAWA who was staying in the Honno-ji Temple in Kyoto.
- 徳治3年(1308年)、後二条天皇が急死すると幕府は邦良親王の成長までの中継ぎの天皇になるべき親王を大覚寺統から選ぶ事を認めたが、それは恒明ではなく当時の院政執行者であった後宇多上皇が推した後醍醐天皇であり、この時点で恒明親王の皇位継承の可能性は絶たれた。
- After Emperor Gonijo suddenly died in 1308, the bakufu approved the Imperial Prince to become Emperor from the Daikakuji Imperial line temporarily until Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi was old enough to succeed to the throne, it was Emperor Godaigo who was appointed by the Retired Emperor Gouda while he was ruling his cloistered government, not Kuniyoshi, this made it clear that there was no possibility for Imperial Prince Tsuneaki to succeed to the throne.
- 「職能」起源論では、武士とみなされる社会階層は源氏、平氏などの発生期には武芸を家業とする諸大夫、侍身分のエリート騎馬戦士に限定されていたとし、その後、中世を通じて「狭義の武士」との主従関係を通じて「広義の武士」とみなされる階層が室町時代以降拡大していった。
- According to the theory on the origin of bushi by 'samurai function,' the social class considered as bushi was limited to shodaibu or elite cavalry warriors coming from samurai status, whose family business was military art, during the period when the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan emerged; and later, through the medieval times, the class of 'bushi in a broad sense' came to have the master-subordinate relationship with 'bushi in a narrow sense' and expanded after the Muromachi period.
- 保元元年(1156年)の保元の乱では養父・頼長が戦死するが、徳大寺家は、祖父・実能が皇太子・守仁親王(後の二条天皇)の東宮傅(とうぐうのふ)となり、多子の姉・藤原忻子(よしこ)が後白河天皇の後宮に入るなど、すでに頼長派から離脱していたため打撃は受けなかった。
- At the time of the Hogen War in 1156, her adopted father, Yorinaga was killed, but it didn't affect her; the Tokudaiji family had already disaffiliated itself from the Yorinaga forces; her grandfather, Saneyoshi had become togu-no-fu (an official in charge of education of the Crown Prince) of Prince/Imperial Prince Morihito (future Emperor Nijo); FUJIWARA no Yoshiko, Masaruko's elder sister entered into the inner palace of the Emperor Goshirakawa.
- ただし、それは技能としての算術・数学であって、数学的思考や教養、感性が求められたものではなく、ましてや中国に見られたような高等数学が当時の日本社会で必要とされる場面は存在しなかったと考えられ、日本数学史が独自の進歩を見せるきっかけにはなりえなかったのである。
- However, this was arithmetic and mathematics as skill: mathematical thinking, cultivation, and sensibility were not sought after, and it seems that the advanced mathematics seen in China was not required by the Japanese society of that time, so this was not an opportunity for unique progress in the Japanese history of mathematics.
- 『吾妻鏡』によると、鎌倉幕府でも天文道に通じた陰陽師を京都から鎌倉へ招いて征夷大将軍に対して天文密奏を行わせたとされている(こうした場合、朝廷に対する密奏が不可能となるため、密奏宣旨は天文博士などへ昇進するための資格を得る以上の意味はなかったと考えられている)。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East; a chronicle of the early history of the Kamakura Bakufu), the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) also invited Onmyoji who was well versed in tenmondo from Kyoto to Kamakura to constitute him the mission as the medium of tenmon misso to seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') (Since the misso could not have been available for the emperor in that situation, it was considered that the imperial decree of the misso meant no more than qualifying a person as tenmon hakase or the like.)
- 頼通が失意のあまり引退した後、藤原彰子の推挙で弟の教通を関白にしたが、反摂関家の急先鋒で東宮時代の天皇を庇護していた故能信の養子の藤原能長や、村上源氏の源師房等を登用して摂関家の政権独占打破を図り、大江匡房や藤原実政等の下級役人などを登用し、積極的に親政を行った。
- After Yorimichi abdicated with great disappointment, his brother Norimichi became chancellor (chief advisor to the Emperor) with the help of FUJIWARA no Shoshi; moreover, Fujiwara no Yoshinobu's adopted son FUJIWARA no Yoshinaga and MINAMOTO no Morofusa, of the Murakami Minamoto clan, were given the positions needed to defeat the dominant politics of the Sekkan-ke, and appointed the lower government officials such as OE no Masafusa and FUJIWARA no Sanemasa, because FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu had supported the Emperor when he was the crown prince and was an active leader in opposition to the Sekkan-ke.
- これらのほか、宮内庁が現在管理しているものには、分骨所・火葬塚・灰塚など陵に準じるもの、髪・歯・爪などを納めた髪歯爪塔などの一種の供養塔、被葬者を確定できないものの皇族の墓所の可能性が考えられる陵墓参考地、などがあり、一般にはこれらを総称して陵墓(りょうぼ)という。
- Apart from these graves, the Imperial Household Agency currently manages various other properties, including quasi-mausoleums (such as cinerariums, cremation mounds and ash mounds), memorial pagodas used to bury hair, teeth and nails, and potential mausoleums with unidentified owners that have the possibility of being imperial family members' graves, and all these properties are collectively called mausoleums.
- その後も、一部の人々は攘夷運動を進めようとした(草莽)が、明治2年(1869年)に入ると、明治政府は公議所・上局から上げられた「公議輿論」が攘夷は不可能であるという意見であったことを理由に「開国和親」を国是として以後は攘夷を議題としないことを決定(5月28日)した。
- Even after that, some ordinary citizens tried to continue the Joi movement; however, because the kogi-yoron (public deliberation) issued by the Kogisho (the lower house) and the Jokyoku (a law-making body) expressed the judgment that joi (the expelling of the barbarians) was not possible, the Meiji government adopted a national policy of 'opening the country up and establishing friendly relations with other countries' (kaikoku washin) in 1869 and decided not to employ joi as part of their agenda anymore (May 28).
- 後円融上皇の死後、わずかに残っていた朝廷の政治的権力も足利義満の手でほとんどすべて幕府に接収され、貴族たちも多くは室町殿と主従関係を結んで幕府に従属し、院政は支配する対象自体を失い、朝廷も政府としての機能を失い、天皇を中心とする貴族たち(公家)の利益共同体に転落する。
- After the death of Retired Emperor Goenyu, almost all of the few political powers left in the Imperial Court were requisitioned to bakufu by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, many nobilities also subordinated to Bakufu by forming lord and vassal relationships with Muromachi-dono (the head position of Muromachi Bakufu inherited by Ashikaga family), Insei lost the objective to rule, the Imperial Court lost its functions as a government, and the position fell into a profitable community by nobilities (Kuge) with the Emperor in center.
- 諸職人(刀鍛冶や、石工、薬売り、紺屋、筆結、木樵、鎧細工、笠張り、仏師など)や舟渡、陰陽師、宿曜師、山伏、禰宜、巫女、白拍子、舞々、楽人、能役者(端役)、連歌師、俳諧師、通事(飜訳業)、瓦版売り、高利貸(銀行員)などのように地域・時代によっては賎民とされた職業もある。
- Some occupations were defined as Senmin depending on the region/period, such as various craftsmen (swordsmiths, masons, medicine peddlers, dyers, pen makers, wood cutters, armor makers, umbrella makers, sculptors of Buddhist statues and others), boatmen, Yin yang masters, astrologers, mountain priests, shrine priests, shrine maidens, dancing girls, dancers, musicians, Noh performers (minor roles), linked-verse poets, haikai poets, interpreters (translators), news-sheet sellers, and usurers (bankers).
- その結果、明治19年(1886年)6月23日に宮中で皇后以下の婦人が洋装することを許可し、9月7日には天皇と内閣の間で「機務六条」という契約を交わされて天皇は内閣の要請がない限り閣議に出席しないことなどを約束(「明治天皇紀」)して天皇自らが親政の可能性を放棄したのである。
- As a result, women in the Imperial Palace who ranked lower than the Empress were allowed to wear western clothes on June 23, 1886, and the Emperor agreed to the contract of 'Kimu Rokujo' on September 7, by promising not to attend the Cabinet meeting unless asked to join in by the Cabinet (Meiji Tenno ki), the Emperor had to give up the possibility to rule the government directly.
- また、上総権介常澄の子で上総広常の弟に相馬九郎常清がおり、源義朝の寄進した旧来の相馬御厨(北相馬)と、千葉常胤が寄進したときに追加され、かつ千葉氏庶流の名字の地の多い南相馬とが、それぞれ分割支配されて、上総権介常澄の子・相馬九郎常清が源義朝支配地を管理していた可能性もある。
- Further, there was Kuro Tsunekiyo SOMA, who was a son of Kazusa no gon no suke (provisional assistant governor of Kazusa Province) Tsunezumi and a younger brother of Hirotsune KAZUSA, and there is a possibility that the old Soma-mikuriya (Kitasoma [northern Soma]), which was donated by MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, and Minamisoma (southern Soma), which was added when Tsunetane CHIBA made the donation and included many regions with surnames of branch families of the Chiba clan, were separately dominated, and that Kazusa no gon no suke Tsunezumi's son Kuro Tsunekiyo SOMA administered MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo's regions of influence.
- その後新渡戸稲造がアメリカ人に紹介するために書いた『武士道 (新渡戸稲造)』が、日清戦争以降、逆輸入され広く受け入れられ、大日本帝国の軍人が持つべき倫理と接合して、軍人の倫理の骨格をかたちづくり、また一方では、美学として文学や芸能の世界でさまざまなかたちとなってあらわれた。
- Later, Inazo NITOBE wrote 'Bushido (Inazo NITOBE)' to introduce bushido to American people, but after the Sino-Japanese War, it was reimported to Japan and formed the ethical framework for military officers, mixing with the ethics which the military officers of the Empire of Japan should have, and on the other hand it appeared as aesthetic in various forms in the world of literature or entertainment.
- 『古事記』敏達段の押坂彦人大兄皇子の系譜に百済王の名は見えず、妃糠手姫皇女所生の多良王(たらのみこ、舒明天皇同母弟)である可能性(「久多良王」の「久」が脱落したか?)が大きいと推察される一方、妃大俣王所生の茅渟王(ちぬのみこ、皇極天皇・孝徳天皇の父)と同一人と推定する説もある。
- In 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), there was no name of Kudara no Okimi in Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko's genealogy in the Emperor Bidatsu's section, it is highly possible that the Kudara no Okimi was Tara no miko (a younger brother-uterine of the Emperor Jomei) who was born to Nukadehime no himemiko ('Ku' in 'Kutara no miko' may have been dropped?); on the other hand, there is another theory saying that he was Kinu no miko (the father of the Emperor Kogyoku and the Emperor Kotoku) born to Omata no miko.
- 三木合戦もそうであったが、毛利氏は援軍の約束しながら、花隈城や尼崎城を通じて兵糧は補給していたが、1年経っても援兵はこず、このままでは城を持ちこたえるのは不可能と判断し、家臣を使者としても効果は無く、城主自ら安芸国に出向き毛利氏と直接交渉しようとしたのではないかと説明している。
- It is explained that the castellan might have judged that, because, same as in the case of Miki-jo Castle, the Mori clan promised to send reinforcement troops and supplied provisions through Hanakuma-jo Castle and Amagasaki-jo Castle, but no reinforcement troops did come even after one year, it was impossible to maintain if the situation remained as it was and, because sending subordinates as emissaries did not bring any result, the castellan decided to visit Aki Province by himself and directly negotiate with the Mori clan.
- しかし、文政11年(1828年)紅葉山文庫を所管する書物奉行でもあった高橋景保が、長崎オランダ商館付の医師であるフィリップ・フランツ・フォン・シーボルト(1796年 - 1866年)に禁制品である伊能図を贈ったことが露顕し、高橋景保は逮捕され、翌年3月に獄死した(シーボルト事件)。
- However, it was revealed that in 1828 Kageyasu TAKAHASHI who was shomotsu bugyo (archive commissioner) taking charge of Momijiyama Library presented Ino map to a doctor working at the Dutch trading house in Nagasaki, Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796-1866) in spite of a ban on possessing the map so Kageyasu TAKAHASHI was arrested and died in prison in March the following year (Siebold Incident).
- 裏づけとする史書の記述として、フロイスの「日本史」が続いて、光秀の京都への反転に際して 「兵士たちはかような(本能寺を攻める)動きがいったい何のためであるか訝り始め おそらく明智は信長の命に基づいて、その義弟である三河の国主(家康)を 殺すつもりであろうと考えた。」という部分がある。
- As descriptions in historical books that support this view, it is well-known that a section of 'Historia de Iapan' by Frois continued as, when Mitsuhide reversed the course to Kyoto, 'Soldiers began to wonder about the purpose of such action (to attack the Honno-ji Temple and thought that Mitsuhide intended to kill the lord of Mikawa Province (Ieyasu), who was a younger brother-in-law of Nobunaga, according to Nobunaga's order, and a section of 'Rojinzatsuwa' by Munetomo EMURA.'
- しかしながら途上国の言い分である「先進国の結果責任に基づいて自主的に二酸化炭素排出量を減らす努力義務を途上国が負うのは身勝手」との意見も根強く、京都議定書の次のスキームを構築する作業は残念ながら遅遅として進んでおらず、京都議定書は一過性のもので失敗に終わる可能性が高いと見る意見がある。
- However, developing countries strongly insist that 'it is unfair for developing countries to undertake the obligation to reduce the emission amount of carbon dioxide voluntarily on the basis of the outcome brought about by developed countries,' and the task to establish the next scheme for Kyoto Protocol has regrettably made little progress, and some people say that Kyoto Protocol is transient and will probably end up as a failure.
- このように、庶家は主家の中で非常に強い影響力を有したが、主家が戦国大名化するにつれ、領土経営に寄与する有能な人材が登用され、主君に忠実な家臣団、直臣団が編成されると、主家とは血縁関係もない、主従関係を結んでから日の浅い者も登用されるようになり、庶家の影響力が低下する例も少なくなかった。
- Although shoke had a very strong influence in the employer's household, when efficient human resources were employed, contributing to the management of the territory and vassal groups who were loyal to the master were organized as the employer became a sengoku daimyo, those who had no blood relations with the employer or who had a short history as master and vassal, were also employed there were many examples seen where the influence of shoke was weakened.
- だが、孝謙天皇称徳天皇亡き後に最も皇位に近い立場にいた筈の他戸親王の『続日本紀』における初出が、父・光仁天皇の即位後であること(つまり称徳朝における叙任記録が存在しない)や姉の酒人内親王も井上内親王が37歳の時の子であることを考えた場合、当時でも稀な高齢出産があった可能性も排除出来ない。
- Even considering that the first time he was reported in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) was after his father, Emperor Konin, ascended the throne even then that he was considered the closest crown prince to the Imperial Throne after Emperor Koken and Emperor Shotoku died (this means that there is no record he was conferred to any position) and his sister, Imperial Princess Sakahito was born when her mother, Imperial Princess Inoe was 37 years old, so we cannot exclude the possibility of late childbearing even it was very rare case at that time.
- 逆に、後世の女帝のあり方から類推すると、男子皇族間の皇位継承争いの予兆があってそれを緩和ないし未然に防ぐ意図があったかとも思われる(少なくともこの時、後の継体天皇が属した応神天皇に連なる息長氏系と、倭彦王が属した仲哀天皇に連なる家系の二つはあり、他にも男系子孫がいた可能性もなくはない)。
- On the contrary, estimating from the later Empress, as there was a predictor of a succession struggle among male Imperial families, she is thought to have tried to prevent or ease it in advance (at least at that time, there were two family lines such as Okinaga clan descending from Emperor Ojin whom the later Emperor Keitai belonged to and the family line descending from Emperor Chuai whom Yamato hiko no o belonged to and it is possible for her to have had the other male descendants).
- が、官吏登用規定を定めた選叙令においては「秀才・明経・進士・明法」の4種の試験が定められており、明経以外の3科の試験を定めながら実際には機能していなかった(当時の日本には私立学校に相当するものはなかったため、大学寮以外で官吏登用の受験者を育成できる組織・機関は存在しなかったとされている)。
- However, according to Senjoryo, which provided the regulations for the recruitment and promotion of government officials, there were four kinds of examinations for 'Shusai, Myogyo, Shinshi and Myobo,' although the three other than myogyo were in name only (as there were no organizations equivalent to private schools in Japan at that time, there were no other institutions or organizations than daigakuryo which could educate applicants for the officials recruitment examinations).
- 保元の乱における源為義・平忠正、平治の乱における源義平・藤原信頼、源平合戦では平能宗、本能寺の変における斎藤利三、関ヶ原の戦いにおける石田三成・小西行長・安国寺恵瓊、大坂の役における長宗我部盛親・仙石秀範・豊臣国松らをはじめとする大阪方の残党など、著名な武将や政治家がここで最期の時を迎えている。
- Famous busho (Japanese military commanders) and politicians who met their end here included MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi and TAIRA no Tadamasa in the Hogen War, MINAMOTO no Yoshihira and FUJIWARA no Nobuyori in the Heiji War, TAIRA no Yoshimune in the Genpei War, Toshimitsu SAITO in the Honnoji Incident, Mitsunari ISHIDA, Yukinaga KONISHI and Ekei ANKOKUJI in the Battle of Sekigahara, and the remnants from the Osaka (Toyotomi) side including Morichika CHOSOKABE, Hidenori SENGOKU and Kunimatsu TOYOTOMI in the Siege of Osaka.
- 孝明天皇は前述の通り長年のあいだ悪性の痔に悩まされていたが、それ以外では至って壮健であり、前出の中山忠能日記にも「近年御風邪抔一向御用心モ不被為遊御壮健ニ被任趣存外之儀恐驚」(近年御風邪の心配など一向にないほどご壮健であらせられたので、痘瘡などと存外の病名を聞いて大変驚いた)との感想が記されている。
- Although Emperor Komei suffered from a malignant hemorrhoids for a long time, as it was previously mentioned, apart from this the Emperor was quite healthy and it was written in Tadayasu NAKAYAMA's diary, as mentioned before, he said, 'I was very shocked to know the Emperor suffered from unusual diseases like smallpox, since he had been very healthy and did not even get the flu recently.'
- 天皇及び皇族の選挙権・被選挙権は、象徴的な立場にある天皇とその一家として「政治的な立場も中立でなければならない」という要請や、天皇は「国政に関する権能を有しない」(憲法4条1項)という規定の趣旨などを根拠として、有していないとされているのであり、公職選挙法の規定が根拠になるわけではないと解されている。
- Since the Emperor and members of the Imperial Family, who are in a symbolic position, 'are required to be politically neutral,' and the Emperor 'shall not have powers related to government' (Article 4, Paragraph 1 of the Constitution), they are not allowed to have suffrage and eligibility for election, and it is understood that the provisions of the Public Offices Election Act do not provide grounds for that.
- 建武の新政は表面上は復古的であるが、内実は蒙古的な天皇専制を目指し、武家を排除した公家中心の政権運営を敷き、性急な改革、土地訴訟への対応の不備や恩賞の不公平、大内裏建設計画などその施策の大半が各方面、特に武士勢力の不満を呼び、また有名な二条河原の落書に観られるようにその無能を批判され、権威を全く失墜した。
- The Kenmu Restoration appeared to be a reactionary movement, but was in fact an old and ignorant imperial dictatorship, and most of the measures introduced, such as aristocracy-centered political management that excluded the samurai, sudden reforms, inability to handle lawsuits for land, inequality in rewards, and the unreasonable Daidairi Construction Plan, caused discontent in various sectors, especially in the samurai class. As a consequence, criticism of the government for its incompetency grew, as was evidenced in the famous Nijogawara Graffiti, and the government completely lost power over the public.
- また、山崎の戦いの後、織田信孝が近衛前久に対し追討令を出して執拗に行方を捜したこと、吉田兼見が事情の聴取を受けていること、更に当時の一級史料である『兼見卿記』(兼見の日記)の原本内容が本能寺の変の前後1か月について欠けており、天正10年の項目は新たに書き直していた、という点も、朝廷黒幕説を支える根拠とされている。
- Other grounds that support the views that the mastermind of the plot was the Imperial Court are that, after the Battle of Yamazaki, Nobutaka ODA tenaciously searched for Sakihisa KONOE by issuing an order to track down and dispose of him, that Kanemi YOSHIDA was interrogated for information, and that the original contents of 'Kanemikyo-ki' (diary of Kanemi), which is the first class historical material for that time, were missing for approximately one month around Honnoji Incident and the section for 1582 was rewritten.
- 兄弟:山階宮晃親王 - 聖護院宮嘉言親王 - 曼殊院宮譲仁入道親王 - 久邇宮朝彦親王 - 男子 - 伏見宮貞教親王 - 男子 - 小松宮彰仁親王 - 北白川宮能久親王 - 男子 - 男子 - 華頂宮博経親王 - 北白川宮智成親王 - 伏見宮貞愛親王 - 清棲家教 - 閑院宮載仁親王 - 東伏見宮依仁親王(女子省略)
- Brothers: Imperial Prince Yamashina no Miya Akira, Imperial Prince Shogoin no Miya Yoshikoto, Imperial Prince Manshuin no Miya Jonin Nyudo, Imperial Prince Kuni no Miya Asahiko, son, Imperial Prince Fushimi no Miya Sadanori, son, Imperial Prince Komatsu no Miya Akihito, Imperial Prince Kitashirakawa no Miya Yoshihisa, son, son, Imperial Prince Kacho no Miya Hirotsune, Imperial Prince Kitashirakawa no Miya Satonari, Fushiminomiya Imperial Prince Sadanaru, Ienori KIYOSU, Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Kotohito, and Imperial Prince Higashifushimi no Miya Yorihito (daughters were omitted)
- Brothers: Imperial Prince Yamashinanomiya Akira - Imperial Prince Shogoinnomiya Yoshikoto - Manjuinnomiya Yuzuhito Nyudo Shinno - Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko - son - Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadanori - son - Imperial Prince Komatsunomiya Akihito - Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa - son - son -Imperial Prince Kachonomiya Hirotsune - Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Satonari - Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadanaru - Ienori KIYOSU - Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Kotohito - Imperial Prince Higashifushiminomiya Yorihito (sisters not included).
- His brothers are as follows: the Imperial Prince Yamashinanomiya Akira, the Imperial Prince Shogoinnomiya Yoshikoto, the priestly Imperial Prince Manshuinnomiya Jonin, the Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko, a son, the Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadanori, a son, the Imperial Prince Komatsunomiya Akihito, the Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa, a son, a son, the Imperial Prince Kachonomiya Hirotsune, the Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Satonari the Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadanaru, Ienori KIYOSU, the Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Kotohito, and the Imperial Prince Higashifushiminomiya Yorihito (The list of sisters is omitted.)
- 男鹿半島の領主として確認される安藤孫五郎、安東太の両者や、「市川湊文書」に含まれている寺社修造棟札写に残る寂蔵、安倍忠季、安倍浄宗等が鹿季の南遷と伝えられている時代以前に遡れること、湊家以前の男鹿半島の領主を女川家と伝える伝承があること等から、湊家の成立と伝えられる以前に安東一族が秋田郡に土着していた可能性を指摘する見解
- The theory to point out the possibility that the Ando family had been already settled in Akita Country before the supposed time of the Minato family's establishment, based on such findings; the family's history can be dated back even earlier period than the time of Magogoro ANDO and Andota, both of whom are confirmed as the territorial lords of the Oga Peninsula, and also earlier than the time of the legendary Kanosue's Nansen (provincial capital's relocation to the south), about which Jakuzo, Tadasue ABE, Joso ABE, etc. described in the copy of Jisha shuzo munefuda (ridge tag with history of the reparation and construction of temples and shrines) compiled in 'Ichikawa Minato Monjo' (The letter of Ichikawa Minato), and that there is an oral tradition in which a family called the Onagawa family was the territorial lord of the Oga Peninsula before the Minato family.
- 国家権限の委譲とこれによる中央集権の過大な負担の軽減により、中央政界では政治が安定し、官職が特定の家業を担う家系に世襲される家職化が進み、貴族の最上位では摂関家が確立し、中流貴族に固定した階層は中央においては家業の専門技能によって公務を担う技能官人として行政実務を、地方においては受領となって地方行政を担った(平安貴族)。
- The transmission of governmental power and authority reduced the burden of the government, which enabled political stabilization of the central government, and facilitated the transfer of government posts according to heredity: among the aristocracy, the highest became Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), the middle-class carried out administrative affairs based on the specialized skills related with their family businesses in the central government and carried out administration as Zuryo in the local regions (Nobles in the Heian period).
- また『日本書紀』では、『百済本記』(「百濟本記爲文 其文云 大歳辛亥三月 軍進至于安羅 營乞乇城 是月 高麗弑其王安 又聞 日本天皇及太子皇子 倶崩薨 由此而言 辛亥之歳 當廿五年矣」)を引用して、天皇及び太子、皇子が同時に死んだとの説を紹介しており、何らかの政変によって継体自身が殺害された可能性もある(「辛亥の変」説)。
- 'Nihonshoki' quotes the lines from 'Original records of Paekche' ('the article in the Original records of Paekche says that King Anjang of Goguryeo encountered rebellion from his subjects and was murdered in 531. Around the same time, Japanese Emperor, Crown Prince and Prince were killed altogether by their subjects.') to introduce a theory that the Emperor, Crown Prince and Prince died at the same time, which hints the possibility that Keitai was actually killed in a political turmoil ('Xinhai Incident' theory).
- 前久からすれば、元から秀吉との関係は良好でなかった(かつて信長によって秀吉の旧邸が没収されて前久に与えられ、本能寺の変で明智光秀の軍がその屋敷を占拠して二条御所攻撃の拠点にしたと言う風説のために、前久自身が事件に関与したという濡れ衣を着せられた)事に加えて藤原氏以外に関白の地位が移ることは屈辱的であったが、近衛家の立場からすれば、
- For Sakihisa, who had a poor relationship with Hideyoshi due to the false accusation that Sakihisa had been involved in the Honno-ji Incident in which Mitsuhide AKECHI was rumored to occupy the Hideyoshi's former residence confiscated and given to Sakihisa by Nobunaga and, based in the residence, to attack Nijo Gosho (Nijo Imperial Palace), it was humiliating to let anybody outside the Fujiwara clan assume the position of Kanpaku; from the viewpoint of the Konoe family, however,
- 山崎の戦い(やまざきのたたかい)は、天正10年(1582年)6月に本能寺の変で織田信長を討った明智光秀に対して、高松城 (備中国)の攻城戦から引き返してきた豊臣秀吉が、6月13日(西暦7月2日)京都へ向かう途中の摂津国と山城国の境に位置する山崎(大阪府三島郡 (大阪府)島本町山崎、京都府乙訓郡大山崎町)で、明智軍と激突した戦いである。
- The Battle of Yamazaki was fought between Mitsuhide AKECHI, who had defeated Nobunaga ODA in the Honnoji Incident in June and July 1582, and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI returning from an attack on Takamatsu-jo Castle (in Bicchu Province); the scene of the battle was Yamazaki (Yamazaki, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka Prefecture and Oyamazaki-cho, Otokuni-gun, Kyoto Prefecture), located on the border between Settsu Province and Yamashiro Province, where Toyotomi's forces passed on their way to Kyoto and clashed head on with Akechi's on July 2.
- 1981年に銀行法が全部改正された際に、「定期積金等」という定義によって、相互掛金は普通銀行での取扱も可能にはなったものの、銀行法以外の法律に基づいて設立された長期信用銀行、信用金庫、信用組合、農業協同組合、漁業協同組合、労働金庫の各根拠法は改正されなかったため、相互銀行法が廃止された現在では、普通銀行のみが取扱えるものとなっている。
- When the Banking Act was entirely revised in 1981, it became possible to handle mutual premiums in ordinary banks called 'regular deposits and others,' but each base law of long-term credit banks, credit unions, credit associations, agricultural cooperative associations, fishery cooperative associations, and labor credit associations established based upon the law, rather than the Banking Act, was not revised, therefore, now only the ordinary banks can manage it because the Mutual Loan and Savings Bank Act was abolished.
- 安康暗殺の背景に葛城氏が直接関与していた可能性も指摘されているが、生前の安康は押磐皇子に後事を託そうとしていたという記述(雄略即位前紀)からすれば、むしろ安康(允恭系)と押磐皇子(履中系)・葛城氏との間には王位継承に関する妥協が成立していて、このことに強く反発した大泊瀬皇子が安康を含む敵対勢力の一掃に踏み切ったと解釈することも出来よう。
- It has been pointed out that the Katsuraki clan was involved in the assassination of Emperor Anko; however, there is a record that Emperor Anko was planning to hand over his future affairs to Prince Oshihano, which could mean that there was a compromise between the Emperor Anko (the Ingyo family), and Prince Oshihano (the Richu family) and Katsuraki clan, but Pince Ohatsuse was strongly opposed to this plan and decided to wipe out his opponents, including Emperor Anko.
- 開国日本の開国後の文久元年(1861年)、イギリスイギリス海軍の測量艦アクテオン号(Actaeon)が、「攘夷論をあまり刺激しない方が良い」との幕府の勧告を無視して日本沿岸の測量を強行しようとした際、たまたま幕府役人が所有していた伊能小図の写しを見て、その優秀さに大いに驚き、測量計画を中止して幕府からその写しを入手することで引き下がったという。
- In 1861, after the opening of Japan to the world, when the British navy survey ship Acteon tried forcibly to survey the Japanese coast, ignoring the warning by the Bakufu that said it would not be wise to fuel the principle of excluding foreigners, the leader of the ship was much surprised to see a copy of the Ino's small map which the Bakufu officials happened to possess, and agreed to give up the survey project by getting a copy of the map from the Bakufu.
- 豊臣政権の三奉行・三中老が家康の上杉征伐を諌めた連書状に「今度直江所行相届かざる儀、御立腹もっともに存じ候」とあることや、上杉景勝が重臣にあてた書状の内容が直江状に酷似している点などから、「多数の伝本があり、少なからず異同も見られるが、全体としては信用できる史料」とし、「(家康を挑発した)追而書だけは後世の偽作の可能性がある」との見方を示した。
- He expressed his view that 'only the postscript (that provoked Ieyasu) may be a forgery from a later period' considering that 'there are many manuscripts with only a few differences, but they are generally reliable historical materials' because in the letter remonstrated with Ieyasu's conquest of Uesugi by three magistrates and arbitration office in the Toyotomi regime, it is written that 'your anger is quite reasonable since Naoe's conduct did not reach you this time', the content of the letter from Kagekatsu UESUGI to senior vassals was remarkably similar to that of Naoejo, among other things.
- この頃になると、算博士の世襲化が進み算道によって奉試に合格するとともに、譜第の家系であることが算博士就任の要件とされるようになり、当初は家原氏・大蔵氏が平安時代前期には世襲化も兆候を見せるものの長続きせず、両氏の没落後は小槻氏・三善氏の両氏が世襲するようになり、自己の算道を家学・秘伝化し、また有能な門人を養子として家名を継承させることで他氏を排除するようになった。
- Around this time, the heredity of San hakase grew in importance, and being part of a hereditary family joined passing Hoshi as a requirement for assuming the role of San hakase; initially, in the early Heian period, the Iehara and Okura clans began to make it into the heredity, but this did not last; then, after the ruin of the preceding clans, the Ozuki and Miyoshi clans began to utilize heredity, made their own Sando into hereditary learning and secret teachings, and excluded other clans by adopting capable disciples to inherit the family name.
- この黒板説については、近年になって反論が出され、海事史の金指正三博士は1990年に潮流のコンピュータ解析を行い、合戦の行われた日は小潮流の時期で、8ノットという早い潮流は無く、また大正時代に潮流を調査した場所は最も狭い早鞆瀬戸であり(ここで千艘以上の兵船で戦うことは不可能)、広い干珠島、満珠島辺りの海域では潮流は1ノット以下であり合戦に影響を与えるものではないとした。
- Concerning KUROITA's theory, in recent years objections to it have surfaced; in 1990 the maritime historian Dr. Shozo KANASASHI ran a computer analysis of the tides on the day of the battle, and concluded that there was a neap tide that day, and thus that there could not have been a strong, swift current of eight knots, and moreover pointed out that the tidal study done in the Taisho period had been conducted at the narrowest point of the Kanmon straits (where it would have been impossible for more than 1000 ships to fight), concluding that in the spacious area of sea near Kanju and Manju islands, the tide was under one knot in speed and would have had no influence over the course of the battle.
- 一方、本能寺から200mの近辺に教会のあったルイス・フロイスの『日本史』(Historia de Iapan)では、「(午前3時頃と言われる)明智の(少数の)兵たちは怪しまれること無く難なく寺に侵入して(6月2日に御所前で馬揃えをする予定であったのを織田の門番たちは知っていたので油断したと思われる)、信長が便所から出て手と顔を清めていたところを背後から弓矢を放って背中に命中させた。
- According to 'Historia de Iapan' by Luis Frois whose church was only 200 meter away from the Honno-ji Temple, '(Around three o'clock in the morning), (a small number of) warriors of the Akechi clan invaded the temple without being suspected (It seems that Oda's gatekeepers lost their sharpness because they knew that umazoroe (a troop review) in front of the Imperial Palace was planned for the next day.), and shot Nobunaga, who came out from the toilet and was washing his hands and face, in the back using bows and arrows.
- 本来この制度は、排出量の削減による取引上の利益により、さらなる削減意欲を生じさせることを意図したものであるが、逆に排出枠の設定方法によっては過去の排出量が既得権益のようになってしまったり、炭素クレジットの市場価格が化石燃料から再生可能エネルギーへの切り替えや省エネルギー等による排出量の削減にかかる費用よりも割安になってしまった場合に、本来必要な努力を減じさせるおそれもあると指摘されている。
- Originally this system was intended to arouse a further intention of emissions reduction promoted by the benefits of trading through the reduction of emissions, but conversely, it is pointed out that the system can lessen essentially needed efforts to reduce the emissions in the following cases: the amount of emissions of the past becomes vested interest or the like depending on a way of assigning the emissions allowances; if the market price of carbon credit becomes lower than the cost of exchange from fossil fuel to renewable energy or of emissions reduction by using energy-saving material.
- 更に宇多天皇の信任が厚く、符宣上卿(太政官符を発給する際の上卿)として28回も名を連ね、『日本三代実録』編纂開始時には源融・藤原良世と先任の上卿2人がいるにも関わらず撰国史所総裁を務めていること、寛平7年(895年)には位階昇進の人事草案を提出する擬階奏を行っている(いずれも摂関もしくは一上が務める慣例であった)ことから、藤原基経没後は能有が事実上の政権担当者として寛平の治を押し進めたと考えられている。
- In addition, he won Emperor Uda's esteem and was assigned to serve as Fusen jokyo, a commander who led dajokanpu (official documents from the Grand Council of State) 28 times, and from the fact that he served as the president of Senkokushisho (an organization which edits national history books) when the editing of 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts) began even though there were 2 other senior commanders like MINAMOTO no Toru and FUJIWARA no Yoshiyo, also in 895, he submitted a personnel proposal for promotion in rank (generally, both of these roles were played by Regents and Chancellor Ichinokami - Minister of the Left), Yoshiari pushed forward the peaceful era of Kanpyo as a factual administration after FUJIWARA no Mototsune died.
- また、天皇が道長を関白とせずに内覧に留めたのは、天皇自身が長ずるにつれ、曽祖父の醍醐天皇・祖父の村上天皇のように、摂政関白を置かずに親政する事を志したのと、道長自身も、当時閣議に出られない決まりがある摂政関白よりも、内覧を兼ねたまま一上(閣員の首座)として実権を掌握しようとした事が一致した為で、これにより、後に大江匡房が『続本朝往生伝』で藤原実資や藤原行成等の有能な人材を輩出したと称えたほど、有為な政治体制が確立した。
- The Emperor decided that Michinaga would be nairan (chief secretary) instead of kampaku (chief adviser) to the Emperor, once he became older, since he wanted to run the government directly instead of having a regent and kampaku, like his great-grandfather Emperor Daigo and his grandfather, Emperor MurakamiI; on the other hand, Michinaga agreed to be nairan and also the head of various sections to control the government, since the regent and kampaku weren't entitled to attend the meetings of the Cabinet; thus a strong political framework was set up and OE no Masahusa acknowledged through 'Zoku Honcho Ojoden,' with which talented people like FUJIWARA no Sanesuke and FUJIWARA no Yukinari were produced.
- しかし、日本では新たに植林をする場所がほとんどない上、むしろ森林所有者の管理放棄(特に人工林)や、相続税支払いのために売却・宅地転用 を余儀なくされる山林や農地の増加、さらに生産緑地地区農地課税の扱いが異なる自治体を施行したり、保安林維持予算の縮減・林野庁職員の大幅減員を行うなど政府与党の政策はむしろ逆行しているため、このままでは当初見込まれた吸収量を達する可能性が薄いと考えられており、達成できるかどうかは微妙な情勢である。
- However in Japan, there is little land for newly tree planting, and the mountain forests and farmlands increase, in which management has been abandoned by the forest owners (especially artificial forests) and/or disposition or diversion to building lots has been inevitably done in order to complete the inheritance tax payment; furthermore, the policies of the ruling party put a clock back, such as the enforcement of autonomous bodies where the taxations on productive green area farmlands are differently dealt with, the reduction of budget for keeping conservation forests, the large reduction of the staff in Forestry Agency and so on; therefore, it is considered to be difficult to achieve the absorption target initially expected.
- 問題の天正13年の朝廷の人事については『公卿補任』をはじめ当時の朝廷人事に関する史料・記録・文書の日付がバラバラで余りにも錯綜しているため、同年前半の任官記録を矛盾無く並べる事が事実上不可能で歴史学者の間でも頭を悩ませている問題であるが、大まかな流れとして左大臣が一条内基から二条昭実、更に近衛信輔に移り、右大臣は二条昭実から近衛信輔、更に菊亭晴季(前内大臣)に移り、内大臣は菊亭晴季から近衛信輔を経て秀吉の就任に至ったと考えられている。
- As for the matter over the personnel of the Imperial Court in 1985, historical materials, records, documents including the 'kugyo bunin' (list of high court nobles) list different dates for the matter, and thus, it is too distorted to put in order the dates of accessions in the first half of the year coherently, causing historians to puzzle over the matter; roughly speaking, however, it is assumed that the position of Sadaijin was transferred from Uchimoto ICHIJO to Akizane NIJO and then to Nobusuke KONOE, that that of Udaijin from Akizane NIJO to Nobusuke KONOE and then to Harusue KIKUTEI (former Naidaijin), and that that of Naidaijin from Harusue KIKUTEI to Nobusuke KONOE and finally to Hideyoshi.
- これは、2月に太政大臣に就任したばかりである近衛前久が5月に突如辞任していること、本能寺の変後の7月17日_(旧暦)に羽柴秀吉から毛利輝元に宛てられた手紙において、秀吉が信長のことを「大相国」と呼んでいるが、信長に対する太政大臣贈官が宮中で論じられたのは同年10月の事であること、加えてその結果出された贈官の宣命には「重而太政大臣」の語句があり、これを太政大臣の辞令が出されたのが2度目であると解釈して、1度目の辞令を三職推任問題の時に既に太政大臣就任の内諾を信長から得たことにより、非公式な内定が出されていたと解している。
- He thinks that the informal decision of appointing Nobunaga as Daijo daijin had been already made after confirming his informal consent when Haretoyo talked about Sanshoku suinin mondai based on the following facts: Sakihisa KONOE, who assumed Daijo daijin in March (February in old lunar calendar), abruptly resigned in June (May in old lunar calendar); Hideyoshi called Nobunaga 'Daishokoku' (the Grand Minister) in his letter to Terumoto MORI on August 15 (July 17 in old lunar calendar) after the Honnoji Incident, while the formal discussion at court on granting a posthumous title of Daijo daijin to Nobunaga was in October; and the subsequently issued Emperor's order of the posthumous title for Nobunaga contained a word 'choji Dajodaijin' (重而太政大臣) (the Grand Minister again), which Hashimoto believed meant the second appointment of Nobunaga as Daijo daijin.