者: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 埋葬者
- Buried person
- Who Lies Buried There
- 氏長者
- Uji no Choja (chief of the clan)
- 信者団体
- Followers association
- 主な出演者
- Principal performers
- 願生浄土者
- The aspirant of rebirth in the Pure Land
- 長期非進行者
- long-term nonprogressor
- elite controller
- elite suppressor
- 被葬者:不明
- The occupant of the tomb: Unknown
- Buried person: Unknown
- 埋葬者:不明
- Buried person: Unknown
- 築城者堀尾吉晴
- Built by Yoshiharu HORIO
- 築城者赤松貞範
- Built by Sadanori AKAMATSU
- 主な改修者なし
- There was no person responsible for refurbishing
- 築城者秋葉重信
- Built by Shigenobu AKIBA
- 築城者井伊直継
- Built by Naotsugu II
- 主な改修者不明
- Main person(s) responsible for repairs/refurbishing is unknown.
- 築城者橘遠保?
- Built by TACHIBANA no Toyasu (?)
- 築城者加藤嘉明
- Built by Yoshiaki KATO
- 築城者織田広近
- Built by Hirochika ODA
- 築城者柴田勝豊
- Built by Katsutoyo SHIBATA
- 築城者山内一豊
- Built by Kazutoyo YAMAUCHI
- 皇室関係者多数
- Many of Imperial Family related people
- 被葬者は不明。
- It is unknown who was buried there.
- 身障者用車両4台
- The disabled: 4 parking lots
- 被葬者の歯十数本
- About a dozen teeth of the deceased
- 研究者による違い
- Differences among researchers
- 築造時期・埋葬者
- Constructed time and buried person
- 築造時期・被葬者
- Construction Period and the Buried
- 作者は不明である。
- The author is unknown.
- 修行者としての菩薩
- Bosatsu as a disciplinant
- 天地万物の主宰者。
- It is an organizer of all things in heaven and the earth.
- 主な改修者織田信康
- Refurbished mainly by Nobuyasu ODA.
- 主な改修者京極忠高
- Main person responsible for refurbishing was Tadataka KYOGOKU.
- 主な改修者松平勝善
- Main person responsible for refurbishing was Katsuyoshi MATSUDAIRA
- 主な改修者山内豊敷
- Main person responsible for refurbishing was Toyonobu YAMAUCHI.
- 主な改修者松平直政
- Refurbished mainly by Naomasa MATSUDAIRA
- 主な改修者津軽寧親
- Refurbished mainly by Yasuchika TSUGARU
- 歴代記念競輪優勝者
- The Chronological Order of the Memorial Keirin Winners
- 被葬者をめぐる論議
- Arguments over Buried Persons
- 父は医者苗村介洞。
- His father was Kaido NAEMURA, a doctor.
- 文献学的研究者の立場
- Viewpoint from the philologist
- 全日本忍者選手権大会
- All Japan Ninja Championship
- 念念不捨者是名正定之業
- Continue to recite the name of Mida and it is the true way for Ojo.
- 慈雲尊者と尊称される。
- His title of honor was Jiun Sonja (Buddhist saint).
- この後者が土間である。
- The latter area constitutes a doma.
- 竜車:高貴な者の乗り物
- Ryusha: (It represents) a carriage for the nobles
- 築城者石川数正、石川康長
- Matsumoto-jo Castle was built by Kazumasa and Yasunaga ISHIKAWA.
- 築城者津軽為信、津軽信枚
- Hirosaki-jo Castle was built by Tamenobu and Nobuhira TSUGARU
- ミス女忍者オーディション
- Miss Kunoichi Audition
- 築城者(奈良元安)生駒親正
- Built by Chikamasa IKOMA
- 館長は歴史学者の角田文衞。
- Its curator was the historian Bunei TSUNODA.
- 騎馬武者図(伝足利尊氏像)
- Warrior on Horseback (attributed to a portrait of Takauji ASHIKAGA)
- 彼女は斎宮経験者であった。
- She was a former Saigu.
- 山伏は修験者ともいわれる。
- Yamabushi is also called Shugenja.
- 世界宗教者平和会議名誉総裁
- The Honorary President of the World Conference of Religions for Peace
- 初代東寺長者とされている。
- He became the first abbot of To-ji Temple.
- 大僧正(法主及び法主経験者)
- Daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order) (hoshu or a person who was previously hoshu)
- 主な改修者黒田孝高、池田輝政
- Refurbished mainly by Yoshitaka KURODA and Terumasa IKEDA
- 主な改修者三村元親、水谷勝宗
- Main persons responsible for refurbishing were Motochika MIMURA and Katsumune MIZUTANI
- 主な改修者藤堂高虎、伊達宗利
- Main persons responsible for refurbishing were Takatora TODO and Munetoshi DATE.
- 主な改修者山崎家治、京極高和
- Main persons responsible for refurbishing were Ieharu YAMAZAKI and Takakazu KYOGOKU.
- ここでは後者について述べる。
- Here we will describe the latter.
- 攘夷運動・梵暦運動の指導者。
- He was a leader of the Joi Movement (the Movement advocating the expulsion of foreigners) and the Bonreki (Buddhist calendar) movement.
- そのもとで湯薬侍者を務めた。
- Chushin served as Toyakujisha (the person in charge of meals) under Dairin Zeniku.
- 真言声明の第一人者でもあった。
- He was also one of the leading figures in Shingon Shomyo (Buddhist liturgical chant) composition.
- 死者の審理は通常七回行われる。
- The number of trials for each dead person is usually decided to be seven.
- The trials of the dead are usually done seven times.
- 被葬者を秦河勝とみる説もある。
- Some have identified him as HATA no Kawakatsu.
- 毎年多くの見学者を集めている。
- The exhibition receives many visitors each year.
- (11)長者身(ちょうじゃしん)
- (11) Chojashin
- 日本の阿弥陀如来は,後者に近い。
- Amidanyorai in Japan is near to the latter.
- 両者の対立の原因の一つとなった。
- This became one of the causes of the conflict between Enryaku-ji Temple and temples in Nanto.
- 入壇者には、最澄も含まれていた。
- Those for whom the kanjo ceremony was held included Saicho.
- そこでは蔵主・焼香侍者を務めた。
- There he served as Zosu (the person in charge of Buddhist scriptures and books on theory) and Shokojisha (the person in charge of burning incense for the chief priest).
- また真如三昧耶流の創始者である。
- He was also a founder of Shinnyo Sanmaya School.
- 作者や編纂時期については諸説ある。
- There are many theories about who wrote it and when it was written.
- 閲覧には学者・研究者の紹介が必要。
- Letters of introduction by scholars or researchers are required to read the materials.
- 杉岡華邨書道美術館-文化勲章受章者
- Nara City Kason Sugioka Museum of Calligraphy: Kason SUGIOKA is an Order of Culture honoree
- ある儒者から、次のように言われた。
- One Confucian scholar told him;
- ある時、長者の邸宅が火事になった。
- Once upon a time, a fire broke out in the residence of Choja (man of high position).
- その時、参拝者の方に向きを変える。
- The choshonin should turn back and face to the attendances when reading it.
- 正座できる者は、正座にて勤行する。
- The gongyo should be performed in seiza (sitting straight) if possible.
- ある長者の子供が幼い時に家出した。
- A child of one Choja ran away from home at an early age.
- 長者窮子(ちょうじゃぐうじ、信解品)
- The parable of the wealthy man and the poor son (Shingehon)
- Chojaguji (the parable of the wealthy man and the poor son) (Shingehon)
- 阿闍梨という指導者の位を授ける灌頂。
- In this type of Kanjo, the title of Ajari (a master in Esoteric Buddhism; a high priest) is given.
- 多くは信者の寄進によって立てられる。
- A large number were constructed using funds donated by Buddhist followers.
- 鏡は、被葬者の頭部右上付近にあった。
- The mirror was placed near the upper right of the head of the deceased.
- 参殿者の休所等として利用される部屋。
- These are halls to be used as lounges for visitors and so on.
- 後に伊藤は立川飛行機の技術者になる。
- He later became an engineer of Tachikawa Aircraft.
- 「修験者」(しゅげんじゃ)とも言う。
- They are also called 'Shugenja.'
- 沢田東江に指導をうけ、第一人者となる
- He received guidance from Toko SAWADA and became a leading authority.
- それ以外の一般得度者も随時募集される。
- Other candidates for monks from ordinary people are invited at any time.
- 今もこの道は「奏者峠」と呼ばれている。
- The road is called 'Sosha Pass' even today.
- 何以故 虚空相是菩提無知解者 亦無開曉
- 何以故 虚空相是菩提無知解者 亦無開曉
- 父は儒医塚田旭嶺。儒学者塚田大峯の弟。
- His father was the Confucian doctor Kyohurei TSUKADA and he was a younger brother of the Confucian scholar Taiho TSUKADA.
- 調声人以外の参拝者は頭を垂れ拝聴する。
- All the attendees except the choshonin should listen with their heads bowed.
- 信者同士では在家仏教、内信心とも呼ぶ。
- Within believers, it is also called 'Zaike Bukkyo' (the lay devotees' Buddhism) or 'Naishinjin' (the inward belief).
- 理由は近親者が乱に関係したためらしい。
- The reason for his resignation was reported that it was because his close relatives were involved in the war.
- 東寺長者が真言宗を統括することになった。
- Toji-Choja came to control the Shingon sect.
- 嗣法者は23名で、内3人が日本人である。
- The number of teaching successors to Ingen was twenty-three including three Japanese priests.
- 研究者や学者により数え方が異なっている。
- Numeration differs, depending on researchers and scholars.
- 仏壇がある納骨壇は主に後者に用いられる。
- The nokotsudan, a nokotsudo equipped with an altar, is mainly used as the latter one.
- 華叟はばか者と笑いながら送り出したという。
- It is said that KASOU laughed and called him a fool as he sent him away.
- 被葬者:不明(宮内庁は神功皇后としている)
- Buried person: Unknown (the Imperial Household Agency identifies it as Empress Jingu)
- 被葬者については諸説あり特定されていない。
- Who were buried is unknown and opinions are divided.
- 両者の連携が十分ではなかったとされている。
- The coordination of the two divisions was reported to be inadequate.
- 被葬者の格付けを表しているのかも知れない。
- This might reflect the ranking of the buried individual.
- 今でも登山者の遭難事故は珍しいことではない。
- Alpine climbing accidents are not rare, even today.
- 翌々年には大飢饉で、加茂川が餓死者で埋まる。
- Two years later there occurred a severe famine, and many people starved to death in the region of the Kamogawa River.
- 施行者ならびに管理者は日本中央競馬会である。
- The organizer of racing as well as the administrator of this racecourse is the Japan Racing Association.
- 近隣に駐車場無し(金輪寺に参拝者用駐車場有)
- There are no parking facilities nearby (parking facilities are provided for Kinrin-ji Temple worshippers).
- 被葬者論に関しては、大きく3つに分類できる。
- Opinions over who were buried can be largely grouped into three.
- 膝を痛めている者は、椅子を用いても構わない。
- Those with knee pain can use a chair.
- 長者の家の子となりて 貧里に迷うにことならず
- It is the same as lamenting our unhappiness without recognizing our happiness.
- 後に守澄法親王に三山の管理者の地位を譲った。
- Later on, Kokai turned the position of administrator of the three major shrines and temples over to Cloistered Imperial Prince Shucho.
- また、空也は踊念仏の実質的な創始者でもある。
- Kuya also established Odori Nenbutsu (dancing and invocations of Buddha's name).
- 「使者」とは、大日如来の使者という意味である。
- Messenger' means a messenger of Dainichinyorai.
- ただし、門首以外の者を住職とすることができる。
- However, a person other than Monshu can become a chief priest.
- 就任時には、長者杖が贈られる慣習となっている。
- Customarily, he is given the staff of the chief abbot at the time of inauguration.
- 賓頭盧尊者即ち「おびんずる様」として知られる。
- It is known as Binzuru-sonja or, in other words, Obinzuru-sama.
- 寺再建の功労者として「成就院願阿」と呼ばれた。
- He was called 'JOJUIN Gana' as a person who had done meritorious service for the reconstruction of the temple.
- 認定者には「認定証」を授与するなど特典がある。
- Certified persons are awarded 'the certificate' and other benefits.
- だが、この古墳を卑弥呼の墓とする研究者もいる。
- However, some scholars claim that it is the tomb of Himiko.
- また、南側被葬者については、女性説も存在する。
- There is also a theory that the one that was buried in the south side was a woman.
- 証如の時代に奏者に任じられて上野介を名乗った。
- He used the name Kozuke no suke (Assistant Governor of Kozuke Province) assigned by a sosha (a person in charge of informing a shogun or daimyo of the name of visitors to the residence before a meeting) in the era of Shonyo.
- 学者の中にも、そのように理解している者もいる。
- In fact some scholars do interpret it that way.
- 異能を持つ特殊技能者のメンバーシップに基づくもの
- Based on the membership of a special technician with an unusual talent
- この後者の事相部の著述については真偽両説がある。
- Concerning these literary works included in the category of the theoretical parts, there are two contradictory views on their authenticity.
- これは信者の願いをかなえようというサインである。
- This is a sign indicating that believers' wishes will be granted.
- 東の出丸には奏者番の詰所があったと伝わっている。
- It is said that a tsumesyo (station) for a sosha (an official in charge of informing a shogun or daimyo of the name of visitors to the residence before a meeting) was located in the eastern demaru.
- 両者の結合部位の要の部分にある柱が大黒柱である。
- The pillar placed at the critical position connecting these two parts is called a daikoku-bashira (central pillar).
- 運営は指定管理者の株式会社農業法人ふるるが行う。
- It is operated by Fururufarm Inc. which was designated to manage the farm.
- 石室は既に盗掘されていたため被葬者は不明である。
- Because the stone chamber was already disturbed by grave robbers, it is not known who was buried there.
- 被葬者に関しては物部氏との関連が指摘されている。
- Regarding the buried people, it is thought to have a relation to the Mononobe clan.
- 前者の領主が平時に起居する館は、麓に建てられた。
- The residence where the former lord lived in peacetime was built at the foot of a mountain.
- 曹洞宗では接客、新規入門者の指導の役割が大きい。
- In the Soto sect, the shika mainly takes care of guests and new monks.
- こういうことがあり刑務所内で信者ができたという。
- In this way, Shinjo had followers in the prison.
- 大迦葉尊者だけがその意味を理解して破顔微笑した。
- It was only the Buddhist saint Daikasho (Mahakasyapa) who understood its meaning and broke into a subtle smile.
- またあるいは、牛を悟り、童子を修行者と見立てる。
- Alternatively, the cow is portrayed as enlightenment, and the child as a practitioner of austerities.
- 真言宗各派で読誦する「胎蔵界礼懺」の撰者である。
- He compiled 'Penitence in Taizokai' - a text that is recited by all schools of the Shingon Sect.
- また、邪鬼と呼ばれる鬼形の者の上に乗ることが多い。
- Moreover, it often stands on an ogre called Jaki (邪鬼).
- この代表者が、釈迦三尊の文殊菩薩と普賢菩薩である。
- Monju Bosatsu and Fugen Bosatsu, of the Amida triad, are examples of this.
- 一部の僧侶は得度以来総本山で一生を過ごす者もいる。
- Some monks spend all their lives in sohonzan after entering into priesthood.
- 智者大師智ギ(538年- 597年)天台宗第三祖。
- Chisha Daishi Zhi-yi (538 - 597): Third founder of Tendai Sect.
- 又、教科書にも出てくる越天楽今様の作詞者でもある。
- Moreover, he was the lyricist of Entenraku Imayo (a piece of Gagaku, traditional form of music in Japan), which is seen in textbooks.
- 2006年に大阪の不動産業者株式会社津多家が落札。
- It was sold to Tsutaya Corporation, a real estate company located in Osaka, at an auction held in 2006.
- 被葬者:不明(大神神社は豊鍬入姫命の墓としている)
- Buried person: Unknown (Omiwa-jinja Shrine takes it as Toyosuki iribime no mikoto's tomb).
- 近年では後者が有力視されている(外部リンク参照)。
- Recently, the latter site has become more promising (refer to the external link).
- 首座はこの期間、修行僧のリーダーを務める者をいう。
- The leader of the monks during these periods is called 'shuso.'
- 「清浄に戒を有てる者、いまし正法を聞くことを獲。」
- If a person purely obeys commandments, he will be able to listen to righteous teaching.'
- 「末法の中に持戒の者有るも、すでにこれ怪異なり。」
- People following precepts in Mappo would be insane.'
- 長者窮子喩(ちょうじゃぐうじゆ) 「法華経」信解品
- Choja Gujiyu (a parable of a rich man and his poverty-stricken son) 'Hokekyo' Shingehon
- この他に三十六童子、四十八使者と呼ばれるものがある。
- Additionally, there are the statues called the 36 youths or the 48 messengers.
- 現地、東北武士の代表者は、伊達行朝と結城宗広である。
- The representatives of the samurai in Tohoku region were Yukitomo DATE and Munehiro YUKI.
- この地域に路線のあるバス事業者はこの2者のみである。
- Only these two bus companies have operating routes in this district.
- 梅山古墳の埋葬者については蘇我稲目とする考えもある。
- Besides, there is an opinion that SOGA no Iname was buried in Umeyama Tumulus.
- 目の不自由な人など身体障害者の信仰対象となっている。
- The stone statue is a religious object of physically challenged persons such as those visually impaired.
- 鬼籍(きせき)とは死者(中国語で言う「鬼」)の戸籍。
- Kiseki is a family register for the dead ('ki' in Chinese).
- また、代表者は勧学寮で互選により勧学寮頭と呼ばれる。
- Its representative is called Kangaku-ryoto which is chosen by the members of Kangaku-ryo.
- 悟りは逃げたのではなく修行者の中にあることに気づく。
- It refers to the realization that enlightenment has not gone away but is to be found within the practitioner of austerities.
- 遁世者へ深く共感しながら、作者は厭世思想を持たない。
- Although identifying with those living in seclusion the author doesn't show a pessimistic view of life.
- 衣着て 頭まろめて 人だます 寺住みの者 僧と思うな
- Don't think that the one that wears robe, with rounded head, deceives people, and lives in a temple is a monk
- 浄土真宗においては、「死者の祟り」という概念は無い。
- The notion of 'Tatari of the dead' doesn't exist in Jodo Shinshu Sect.
- あくまでも、今生きている者が、法にふれる機縁である。
- It is the opportunity for those in life to remind the teachings of Buddha.
- 冥界の王・総司として死者の生前の罪を裁くと考えられる。
- It is believed that Enma, being the king of a permanent dreamland, has the authority to judge the crimes committed by the dead while in life.
- 目連尊者は釈迦に何とか母を救う手だてがないかたずねた。
- Mokuren asked Shaka (Sakyamuni) how to relieve her.
- 後に源氏長者が奨学院(大学別曹)とともに別当を務めた。
- Later, Genji choja (the top of the Minamoto clan) served as chief of Junna-in Palace as well as Shogaku-in college (Daigaku-besso, and academy for nobles).
- 原文…設我得佛 國中人天 乃至聞有 不善名者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the humans and devas in my land should even hear of any wrongdoing, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 原文…設我得佛 國中菩薩 不能演説 一切智者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in my land should be unable to freely preach the Dharma with the all-knowing wisdom, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 原文…設我得佛 國中菩薩 不得金剛那羅延身者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, there should be any Bodhisattva in my land not endowed with the strong body of the Vajra-god Narayana, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 坐禅のとき、修行者の肩ないし背中を打つための棒を指す。
- It refers to a stick to strike the meditator's shoulders or back during zazen (sitting meditation).
- 内陣は、主祭壇を安置するための聖職者専用の空間である。
- The naijin is an area where a high altar is enshrined, reserved for the clergy.
- この間、東大寺別当・東寺長者法務を歴任し僧正に至った。
- During this time, he was made Todai-ji Betto (administrator Todai-ji Temple) and To-ji Choja Homu (Director of temple affairs and chief abbot of To-ji Temple), and promoted to the rank of sojo (highest rank of the Buddhist priesthood).
- 構成(真言宗各派総大本山会所属の各宗派より選出された者)
- Formations (priests who are elected by each school of the Grand Head Temple's association of Shingon sect schools)
- 初期仏教では、修行者の到達し得る最高位をこのように呼ぶ。
- In early Buddhism it meant the top level that a disciplinant could attain.
- 信者にとっては全く関係のない次元で教義論争が続いてきた。
- A heated discussion on religious issues that are irrelevant to normal followers has continued.
- ただし、両者は混用された(記事「こけら落し」に詳しい)。
- However, use of these terms has been mixed (for more information, refer to 'Kokera-otoshi').
- 創業者の故・立野正一が1934年(昭和9年)に創業した。
- The cafe was founded by the late Shoichi TATENO in 1934.
- 酒船石のほぼ真北に位置するが両者の関連も明らかではない。
- The turtle shape and coin shape stonework are situated virtually at true north of Sakefuneishi but the relationship between these two remains unknown.
- 原文…設我得佛 國中菩薩 智慧辯才 若可限量者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the wisdom and eloquence of the Bodhisattvas in my land should be limited, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 超出常倫 諸地之行現前 修習普賢之德 若不爾者 不取正覺
- Such Bodhisattvas transcend the course of practice of the ordinary Bodhisattva stages, manifest the practices of all the Bodhisattva stages and actually cultivate the virtues of Samantabhadra.
- 伝統教団の苦手とする若年層の信者の獲得にも成功している。
- The group has also been successful at recruiting individuals with a dislike of traditional religious organizations and younger people.
- 日本宗教代表者会議名誉議長、全日本仏教会会長などを歴任。
- He held positions such as the honorary chairman of Japanese Religions Representative Conference and the president of the All Japan Buddhist Federation.
- 知恵ありて 仏になれぬ 学者かな 信の一字で 無智は成仏
- Even with that knowledge, one is probably an academic who cannot become Buddha, but with one word of shin (believe) one of ignorance can achieve nirvana.
- 本尊は阿弥陀如来、開基(創立者)は是算(ぜさん)である。
- Its principal image is Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata), and the founder of the temple was Zesan.
- 善浄法輪(ぜんじょうほうりん) - 在家信者のために説いた
- Zenjo-horin - Shaka preached to lay believers.
- 2009年第3回開催時は、A指定席利用者のみが通行できる。
- Only persons using A-grade reserved seats are allowed to pass through during the period of third race meeting of 2009.
- 現在は歩行者専用となっており、役割を山崎大橋に譲っている。
- Currently it is exclusively for pedestrians and its role has been passed on to the Yamazaki-ohashi Bridge.
- 創業者の立野正一は、絵描きを目指して美術学校へ通っていた。
- The founder Shoichi TATENO attended an art school aiming to be an artist.
- 京阪四条駅と阪急河原町駅間の乗り換えのための歩行者も多い。
- It is also crowded with pedestrians who transfer between Shijo Station of Keihan and Kawaramachi Station of Hankyu Railway.
- 業者に頼んだ場合は穂を上に向けた本葺きが行われる事が多い。
- When the work is entrusted to a professional, it is usually honbuki (literally, real thatching), where the ears of grass are placed upwards.
- 春秋の間に隣接した広間で、参殿者の休所等として利用される。
- These are halls adjacent to Shunju no ma Hall and are used as lounges for visitors.
- 上記の箸墓古墳の築造年代は、研究者により多少の前後はある。
- The above-mentioned construction date of Hashihaka-kofun Tumulus varies slightly among scholars.
- 時の権力者平清盛(重盛の父)は、わが世の春を謳歌していた。
- TAIRA no Kiyomori (Shigemori's father), then the most powerful political mogul, enjoyed the fruits of unparalleled success.
- その為、死者が霊として存在するとする考えは否定されている。
- Therefore, the concept that the deceased still exists as a spirit is denied.
- 以前は、東寺長者(とうじちょうじゃ)が大阿闍梨を務めていた。
- Previously, Toji-Choja played a role of Dai Ajari.
- 1813年(文化10年)、大坂の町医者の長男として生まれた。
- He was born in 1813 as the eldest son of an Osaka physician.
- 運営者はNTT都市開発と、新たに設立された株式会社新風社中。
- It is operated by the NTT Urban Development Co. and the newly established Shin-puh-syatyu Company.
- 長和殿と東庭の地下は、参殿者のための地下駐車場となっている。
- The basement under the Chowa den Hall and the Eastern garden is used as an underground parking lot for visitors.
- 方形壇は死者を埋葬してからその上に祭祀用の広大な壇を造った。
- Square platform is a huge platform for ritual which was made over the buried dead.
- 箸墓古墳に続く大王墓とみた場合、被葬者を推定する試みもある。
- There's also an approach to suppose the deceased person under the assumption that it was a grave of okimi after Hashihaka-kofun Tumulus.
- 近世に入ると、軍学者たちにより、様々な分類・分析がなされた。
- Some scholars of military science made various classifications and analyses in modern times.
- また、週末には同志社関係者に限り結婚式を挙げることもできる。
- Persons who are related to Doshisha can use it for wedding ceremonies during the weekend.
- Moreover, it is permissible for those who are related to the Doshisha to have wedding ceremonies there on weekends.
- Also it is possible for those people related to Doshisha to have a wedding ceremony on the weekend.
- 両者とも奈良県明日香村岡にある飛鳥京跡にあったとされている。
- Both are deemed to have been located at the Asuka-kyo (the capital of Asuka) Site in Oka, Asuka Village, Nara Prefecture.
- 原文…設我得佛 國中人天 所受快樂 不如漏盡比丘者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the humans and devas in my land should not enjoy the happiness and pleasure of a monk who has renounced worldly desires, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 原文…設我得佛 國中人天 不悉成滿 三十二大人相者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the humans and devas in my land should not all be endowed with the thirty-two physical characteristics of a Great Man, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 原文…設我得佛 壽命有能限量 下至百千億那由他劫者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the duration of my life should be limited, even to the extent of 1100 kotis of nayutas of kalpas, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 直日・直堂は坐禅中の禅堂内を巡回し、修行者の坐禅を点検する。
- Jikijitsu or jikido walks around the Zendo hall (meditation hall) during zazen and check the meditators' zazen.
- (年月日不詳)第十八代法主・従如の法嗣(法主後継者)となる。
- (Dates unknown) he became Hoshi (successor) to the 18th hoshu Junyo.
- 悟りを得た修行者も特別な存在ではなく本来の自然な姿に気づく。
- It refers to the realization that the practitioner of austerities who has achieved enlightenment is not special but is in the original and natural state of man.
- その大きな要因を二つ考え、欠けた者たちを次のように呼んでいた。
- It was thought that there were two reasons for that, and the disciplinants who could not become Buddha were called as follows:
- 道興大師実慧(786年- 847年)空海の高弟で東寺二代長者。
- Dokyo Daishi Jichie (786 - 847): Leading disciple of Kukai and second To-ji Choja (the chief abbot of To-ji Temple).
- 宮内庁が管理しており、研究者や国民の立ち入りは禁じられている。
- It is under the control of the Imperial Household Agency, and is closed to researchers and nationals.
- そして、もともと死者を祀る祭壇として発生・発達とする説がある。
- There is an opinion that it originally emerged and developed as an altar for honoring the deceased.
- そして、研究者や国民の墳丘への自由な立ち入りが禁止されている。
- Consequently, citizens and scholars are not permitted to freely enter the burial mound.
- 1月22日には、真言宗の年分度者3人を申請して許可されている。
- On February 27, he applied for three nenbundo-sha persons, and the application was approved.
- 入壇者は最澄やその弟子円澄、光定、泰範の他190名にのぼった。
- For up to 190 persons, including Saicho and his three disciplines, Encho, Kojo and Taihan, a kanjo ceremony was held.
- 警策を与える者を直日(じきじつ)または直堂(じきどう)と言う。
- The individual who gives the keisaku is called jikijitsu or jikido.
- 元来「日知り」を意味し、太陽の司祭者・呪術者を指したとされる。
- Hijiri originated from 'hishiri,' which was the celebrant or the shaman of the sun.
- 仏事のときに良く詠まれ、僧侶と参列者が一緒に唱えることもある。
- It is often read in a Buddhist service (a Buddhist service for the dead) and attendants sometimes chant with Buddhist monks.
- 門跡(もんせき、もんぜき)とは、日本の仏教の開祖の正式な後継者。
- 'Monzeki' or 'Monseki' means the formal successor of the founder of a Buddhist sect in Japan.
- 現在は一般在家者への坐禅指導を中心とし、海外にも参禅拠点がある。
- Today it focuses on the teaching of meditation for lay people and has bases for Zen meditation abroad.
- 天福 (日本)2年(1234年)鎌倉幕府が、念仏者取締令を出す。
- In 1234, the Kamakura shogunate declared a ban on Nenbutsu practitioners.
- 副教学部長 宮野審道(埼玉・啓信寺住職、(株)大日蓮出版代表者)
- Fuku-bucho of Kyogakubu: Shindo MIYANO (宮野審道, the chief priest of Keishin-ji Temple in Saitama, the executive of Dainichiren publishing Co., Ltd)
- 授戒を受けることで出家者が正式な僧尼として認められることになる。
- Such a person needs to be given the precepts of Buddhism to be duly authorized as a Buddhist priest or priestess.
- 他、最近では、心無い者によって、鹿が危害を加えられる事件も多い。
- Besides, in these days, there are many cases in which the deer get injured by cruel persons.
- 土地の者がそれを割って中を見ると玉のような一人の男の子がいた~。
- When local people opened the pot, there was a pretty boy in it.
- また、玄室内から被葬者の歯と見られる永久歯が3点発見されている。
- Three permanent teeth which appear to have belonged to the buried were found in the burial chamber.
- そもそも飛鳥地域の古墳群で被葬者が特定されているものが稀である。
- In the first place, who were buried in burial mounds in the Asuka region have been rarely identified.
- 忍壁皇子、高市皇子、弓削皇子ら、天武天皇の皇子を被葬者とする説。
- Some suggest that a prince of the Emperor Tenmu--Osakabe no Miko (Prince Osakabe), Takechi no Miko/Prince Takechi, or Yuge no Miko (Prince Yuge)--was buried.
- この2つの事故のうち、前者は絵のない余白部分についた傷であった。
- Out of these two incidents, the former damaged the blank space without a picture.
- 日伊両国の学者、芸術家、技術者および学生等の交換に関する便宜供与
- Support for the mutual exchange of scholars, artists, engineers, and students of both Japan and Italy.
- また野辺送りの参列者により、埋葬の時に行われたりする場合もある。
- Moreover, it is sometimes held as a participatory ceremony when the remains of the deceased are buried following cremation.
- その後、天台宗に対する年分度者の国講師・読師の任命も認められた。
- After that, the appointment of nenbundo sha (a fixed number of persons allowed the ordination into priesthood) of the Tendai sect as a national kokushi (instructor) and dokushi (reader) was accepted.
- 原文…設我得佛 十方世界 無量諸佛 不悉咨嗟 稱我名者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the innumerable Buddhas in the land of the 10 quarters should not praise and glorify my name, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 南京大虐殺の直後には自ら南京市に入城し犠牲者追弔会を行っている。
- Shortly after the Nanjing Massacre, he personally entered into Nanjing City and performed memorial services for the victims of the war.
- 836年(承和3年)東寺長者となり、その後東寺二長者を創設した。
- In 836 he became head priest of To-ji Temple, and afterwards established a second head priest position at To-ji Temple.
- 諸寺の浴室では首楞厳経の記述に随いこの尊者像が安置される事が多い。
- At the bathrooms of various temples, the statue of this saint is often placed in accordance with a description of the Shuryogon-gyo sutra.
- 江戸時代の軍学者により分類された地勢による城郭分類法の一つである。
- It is a castle category based on geographical features that was classified by military scholars in the Edo period.
- このように、関係者の間には現地での保存修復を望む声も依然高かった。
- These showed that there were still growing demand among those concerned for the conservation and repairs at the site.
- そして、当古墳の築造をもって古墳時代の開始と評価する研究者も多い。
- Many scholars consider the construction of that kofun as the beginning of the Kofun period.
- 虚空の相は是れ菩提なり、知解の者も無く、亦た開暁(さとる者)も無し
- Because Bodhi has the characteristic of empty space, and there is no one to comprehend it, nor is there any understanding of it.
- この当時から観音信仰や病筮鈔によって同好者が増えてくるようになる。
- At that time they began to have an increasing number of followers with Kannon Worship and Byozeisho.
- 長者自身も立派な着物を脱いで身なりを低くして窮子と共に汗を流した。
- The Choja himself dressed modestly abandoning his fine clothes and worked hard with the poor man.
- 仏教の擁護者としての意味があり、法華経など多くの仏典に用例がある。
- It has a meaning of supporters of Buddhism and examples are seen in many Buddhist scriptures including Hokekyo (Lotus Sutra).
- 父は林英、林氏は、宋 (王朝)代の儒者林希逸の末裔を名乗っていた。
- His father was Ei RIN, and the Rin clan identified themselves as the descendants of Kiitsu RIN who was a Confucian in the age of the Sung dynasty.
- 修行者に公案を与え、行住坐臥つねに公案の答えを考えさせるのである。
- It gives a practitioner koan (questions from a master to a person seeking the secret of Zen to avoid deviation from the correct way) and makes him or her think its answer while Gyojuzaga (basic behavior for human living, namely, go, stop, sit and sleep).
- 仏道を問う者は多かったというが、禅宗自体は不振で数年で唐に戻った。
- It is said that a lot of people visited him for Buddhism, but the Zen sect itself didn't become popular and Giku returned to Tang after a few years.
- 『修証義』 - 明治時代に『正法眼蔵』から文言を抽出して信者用に再編
- 'Shushogi Sutra' was edited from 'Shobogenzo' for the benefit of believers during the Meiji period.
- 元々、インドの宗教一般で「尊敬されるべき修行者」をこのように呼んだ。
- Originally, in the general sense it meant 'respectable disciplinant' in the Indian religion.
- 宗派の統率者を法主といい、現在は、第26世・大谷光見(聞如)である。
- The leader of the religious school is called Hossu (high priest), and the present Hossu is the 26th Hossu Koken OTANI (also called Monnyo).
- そのほか研究者によっては、同じ城でも区分名称や認識が違う場合もある。
- In addition, the same castle may be considered differently and classified into a different style depending on the researcher.
- 寸法については、撮影者の子供が写っている写真を基に解析し決定された。
- Measurements were determined on the basis of the child of the photographer in the photographs
- 1室の広さは2畳ほど(1室のみ4畳ほど)で収容者に衣食住を提供した。
- With each room provided with a space of around two tatami mats (except one room with a space of approx. four mats), the inmates of the facility were provided with food, clothing and shelter.
- 来館者は当初予想より5割増の22万7千人に達し、うち3万人は外国人。
- The number of visitors reached 227,000, which was 50% more than originally expected, and 30,000 of them were from foreign countries.
- 霊廟内の模様は維那以外が窺う事はできず、維那を務めた者も他言しない。
- Nobody other than Yuina can look the inside of the mausoleum, and Yuina does not say anything about what he saw there.
- 山伏(やまぶし)とは、山の中をひたすら歩き、修行をする修験道の行者。
- Yamabushi is a practitioner of Shugendo (Japanese mountain asceticism/shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhist concepts) who earnestly walks in the mountains as an ascetic practice.
- 常に信者たちの実践と結びついていたのは「阿弥陀仏への念仏」であった。
- What has always been connected to the practices of believers is the 'nenbutsu for Amida Buddha.'
- 釈迦の在世中、富裕層である広大な土地所有者・商業資本者を居士という。
- While Shakyamuni was alive, owners of large land or commercial capital owners, who belonged to wealthy class, were called koji (Buddhists).
- 見方を変えれば誘惑者であり、また、楽しい気持ちにさせてくれる神である。
- From the other perspective, it is a god and a seducer that makes a person feel happy.
- 法然は『選択集』の書写は、門弟の中でもごく一部の者にしか許さなかった。
- This was a privilege reserved for only a select few disciples.
- したがって、朝夕の勤行においては、過去帖を見ながら物故者の追善を行う。
- Therefore, the morning and evening Buddhist religious services are performed while looking at the Kako-cho to offer prayers for the deceased.
- 千田稔は、百済から渡来した百済王昌成(しょうじょう)を被葬者に挙げる。
- Minoru SENDA mentions as the tomb owner Kudara no Konikishi Shojo, who immigrated to Japan from Kudara (Paekche).
- 今までの竪穴式石室の一人の死者(首長)を葬るという葬法とは大いに違う。
- It is very different from the previous burial method in which one deceased person (such as the chief) was buried in a stone-lined dugout.
- そして、一人の死者だけでなく親族や血族の死者を一緒に葬ることができる。
- Not only the remains of one person but also his family members and blood relations can b buried there.
- 自力による行・念仏によって浄土往生しようとした者は、選定されていない。
- The list excluded those who tried to reach the Buddhist paradise by implementing religious austerities and nenbutsu chanting that put an emphasis on self-salvation.
- 卜部(吉田)兼顕の子で、「徒然草」の著者吉田兼好とは兄弟であるという。
- It is said that his father was Kaneaki Urabe(YOSHIDA), and his brother was Kenko YOSHIDA who wrote 'Tsurezure gusa' ('Essays in Idleness').
- 常に念仏者の規範である八誓十願の教えを広め、浄土教の信者集団を作った。
- He was always spreading the Hassei Jugan teachings, which were the standard for Nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) devotees, and formed Jodo-sect-believer groups.
- この運慶作の平常眼の不動明王像を持つ者は、一宗を開くと伝えられている。
- It has been said that the person who has this statue by Unkei can set up his own sect of Buddhism.
- 原文…設我得佛 光明有能限量 下至不照百千億那由他 諸佛國者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, my light should be too limited to illuminate a hundred thousand nayuta of kotis of Buddha-lands, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 東本願寺当局者はもとより利害関係ある商人も連署して井上に嘆願書を提出。
- A petition was handed to Inoue signed by not only the authorities concerned with Higashi Hongan-ji Temple but also interested merchants.
- 以後、尼の子孫を留守職の後継者と定め、後の本願寺の血脈相続の基礎を築く。
- After that, her descendants were deemed to be successors, which later became a basis of inheritance by Kechimiyaku (血脈), a bloodline or lineage of succession, of Hongwan-ji Temple.
- 授戒のみ受けて本尊未下付の者は内得信仰と呼ばれ公式の信徒数には数えない。
- The people who just received jukai but without issue of the principle image, are called naitoku (内得) believers and are not counted in the numbers of official believers.
- その後も東大寺華厳宗の別当職、東寺長者等を務め、顕密両教の研鑽に努めた。
- Shobo served as betto (steward) of Kegon Sect of Todai-ji Temple and To-ji choja (the chief abbot of To-ji Temple), and so on, and studied both Exoteric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism.
- 水汲み石は貴人の手水の時に、従者が水を汲んで差し出すときに乗る石である。
- It is a stone on which an attendant steps when he or she serves a scoop of water to his or her master to wash the hands.
- 以下は、日本100名城による順で、代表紋章は全国城郭管理者協議会による。
- The following list of castles is in order of appearance in Japan’s Top 100 Castles, and the representative crests have been designated by the National Conference of Castle Administrators.
- しかし、花火大会は来場者の増加等による警備上の問題から行われなくなった。
- However, a fireworks show has not been held since then due to a security problem arising from the increase of visitors.
- それを待つ間に近所の者で世間話をする「井戸端会議」という言葉が生まれた。
- While waiting, neighbors would chat, thus giving rise to the expression 'idobata-kaigi (literally, a meeting beside a well).'
- 両者のいずれかが、天武持統合葬陵であるかは、以降明治時代まで混乱が続く。
- Confusion surrounding these two tombs as to which was the joint mausoleum of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jito subsequently continued until the Meiji period.
- 宮内庁の管轄する古墳であるので、研究者や国民は、自由に立ち入りできない。
- This tumulus is under the control of the Imperial Household Agency, thus a general public including the archaeological scholars are not allowed to enter the site without permission from the agency.
- 同日、別の担当者は室内灯に接触し、西壁男子像の胸の部分の漆喰が剥落した。
- On the same day, the plaster under the breast of a man drawn on the west wall came off when a different staff came in contact with an indoor lamp.
- イタリア人学者、技術者の日本または東洋研究に対する研究助成および便宜供与
- Aid and support for the research on Japan or the Eastern world conducted by Italian scholars and engineers.
- 「一、他宗謗法の行者は縦(たと)ひ善相有りとも地獄に堕つ可(べ)き事。」
- Those who practice the teachings of other sects will go to Hell even if they die in a good state.
- マスコミ関係者やカルト宗教に批判的な人物等からカルト的と捉えられている。
- Media representatives and people with critical views on religious cults treat the group as a cult.
- 詩文・書・絵画に秀で、儒学者頼山陽・南画家田能村竹田などと交流があった。
- He excelled in prose and poetry, calligraphy, paintings and interacted with the Confusian scholar Sanyo RAI and the Nanga painter (an original style of painting during the Edo period which had a great deal of influence from the Chinese Nanga style) Chikuden TANOMURA and others.
- 数十万人の参拝者が訪れる祭りとして、特に東京都大田区の池上本門寺が有名。
- Oeshiki held at Ikegami Honmon-ji Temple, located in Ota Ward, Tokyo, is especially famous as a festival and hundreds of thousands of people visit it.
- 京だけで8万2000人もの餓死者が出て、賀茂川が死骸で埋まる惨状となった。
- In Kyoto alone, as many as 82,000 of people starved to death, with the result that Kamo-gawa River presented a horrible spectacle by being filled up with corpses.
- 後者の像容は求聞持法の本尊で、東京国立博物館蔵の国宝の画像はこれに当たる。
- The latter image form is found in Honzon for Gumonji-ho and the National Treasure image owned by the Tokyo National Museum has this form.
- 二品尊子内親王(966-985)のために学者源為憲(?-1011)が撰進。
- Tales were selected by the scholar MINAMOTO no Tamenori (? - 1011) and dedicated to Imperial Princess Sonshi (966 - 985) of nihon (the second court rank).
- 信者の臨終に際して、阿弥陀如来が西方極楽浄土から迎えに来る時の印相である。
- This inso is assumed by Amida Nyorai coming to fetch a believer on his or her deathbed.
- ※1節4日間制開催となった、2002年4月以降の歴代記念競輪優勝者を列記。
- A chronological list of the memorial keirin winners after April, 2002 when the current system of four days in one term started.
- 設計者は英国王立建築家協会員のハンセル(ALEX N. HANSELL)。
- It was designed by Hansell (Alex N. HANSELL), a member of Royal Institute of British Architects.
- 原文…設我得佛 他方國土 諸菩薩衆 聞我名字 不即得至 不退轉者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in the lands of the other quarters who hear my name should not instantly reach the Stage of Non-retrogression, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 原文…設我得佛 國中菩薩 隨其志願 所欲聞法 自然得聞 若不爾者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in my land should be unable to hear spontaneously whatever teachings they may wish, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 原文…設我得佛 十方衆生 至心信樂 欲生我國 乃至十念 若不生者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the sentient beings in the lands of the 10 quarters, who sincerely and joyfully entrust their faith to me, desire to be born in my land and call my name mere ten times, should not be born there, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 願名…至心廻向の願・植諸徳本の願・係念定生の願・不果遂者の願・欲生果遂の願
- Title: Shishineko no gan, Jikishotokuhon no gan, Kenenjosho no gan, Fukasuisha no gan and Yokushokasui no gan
- 原文…設我得佛 國中菩薩 若受讀經法 諷誦持説 而不得辯才智慧者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in my land should not acquire eloquence and wisdom in upholding sutras and reciting and expounding them, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 経通は文芸的には知られていないものの、勧学会の参加者であった可能性はある。
- In records, Tsunemichi can't be recognized as a participant of the Kangakue, but there is a possibility that he was a participant.
- 『本朝文粋』に所収された参加者の漢詩などによって勧学会の様子が垣間見える。
- People can catch a glimpse of how the Kangakue took place through the Chinese-style poems composed by the participants, recorded in 'Honcho monzui' (Anthology of waka poems and prose written in classical Chinese).
- (他宗の信者が浄土真宗の葬儀・法事に参列すると、違和感を感じる事が多い。)
- (When attending the funeral and Buddhist memorial service of Jodo Shinshu Sect, believers of other sects often have a feeling that something is wrong.)
- 以後東寺長者・同寺法務・同寺寺務を経て権僧正に任じられて東寺別当に至った。
- Thereafter, he successively served as the chief abbot, director of temple affairs and the director of temple operations at To-ji Temple and ultimately he was conferred the title of Goon no Sojo (a title of high-ranking priest which is senior to Shoos) and appointed to Betto (chief priest) of To-ji Temple.
- 23歳の時、普陀山(浙江省)の潮音洞主のもとに参じ、在俗信者として奉仕した。
- When he was twenty-three he visited Chondoshu (潮音洞主) in Mt. Putuo (Zhejiang Province), where he served as a non-priest devotee.
- 大型の櫓の平面構成は、中央に身舎を設け、周囲に入側(武者走)を巡らしている。
- A large-scale yagura had a main building in the center and was surrounded with an aisle called mushabashiri (warrior run).
- 施設は京都市が所有し、京都市体育協会が指定管理者として運営管理を行っている。
- Kyoto City owns the facility and Kyoto City Amateur Sports Association manages it as the designated manager.
- The facilities are owned by Kyoto City and managed by Kyoto City Amateur Sports Association as the designated manager.
- バートランド・ラッセル 1921年(大正10年)7月19日 イギリスの数学者
- Bertrand RUSSELL: July 19, 1921, British mathematician
- 本古墳は、天皇が埋葬された古墳として考えてよく、被葬者の実在性も問題がない。
- This tumulus can be considered as the mausoleum of an emperor and there is no question as to whether the owner of that tomb actually existed.
- 堀田啓一(高野山大学教授)は高句麗の王族クラスが被葬者であると主張している。
- Keiichi HOTTA (professor of Koyasan University) suggests that a royal class member of the Goguryeo was buried.
- 被葬者は不明であるが、秦氏一族の首長クラスの人物ではないかと考えられている。
- While the buried have not been identified, it has been assumed that he was a chief-like personage of the Hata clan.
- 第三者の手に渡り駐車場となった後、飲食店をメインにしたテナントビルが建った。
- The land was sold to a third person and used as a parking space, and eventually a building with space to rent mainly for restaurants was constructed there.
- 鎌倉~江戸時代の学者等により、空海は本朝における男色の開祖とされることもある
- Kukai was sometimes said to be the originator of gays in Japan by scholars and others in the Kamakura to Edo periods.
- 1754年には、仙台藩が摘発し代表者が死罪となり、その後も幾度か摘発された。
- In 1754, the Sendai clan exposed kakushi nenbutsu within its domain and executed the leader, and even after that, there were several similar exposures.
- 東寺長者・随心院初代門跡を経て、1235年(嘉承元年)東大寺別当に就任した。
- He became the To-ji choja (the chief abbot of To-ji Temple), the first monzeki (the head priest of a temple formerly led by a founder of a sect, or a temple in which resided a member of nobility or imperial family) of Zuishinin Temple, and then acceded to Betto (the head priest) of Todai-ji Temple in 1235.
- 大僧都・法印に任じられ、1218年(建保2年)には東寺三長者に就任している。
- He was appointed to Daisozu (the upper Buddhist priests in the second highest position) and Hoin (the highest rank among Buddhist priests), and in 1218, he acceded to the third manager of To-ji Temple.
- この手法によって初心者でもより深い禅定の境地を容易に体験可能であるとされる。
- This method is regarded to make it possible for even a beginner to experience a deeper mental state of Dhyana (Mediation).
- 陀羅尼の意味については渡辺照宏説、中村元 (哲学者)説など多いが、定訳はない。
- Various theories on the meaning of litany have been proposed by such people as Shoko WATANABE and the philosopher Hajime NAKAMURA, but there is no authorized translation.
- 工事中のトンネル内(山師) - 現在は女性技術者もおり、問題となることはない。
- In the tunnel under construction (Yamashi): Currently, female technicians are able to work without problems.
- いずれにせよ、日蓮正宗の信仰をする者は必ず存命中に授戒を受けていることとなる。
- In any case, all believers of Nichiren Shoshu Sect receive jukai while they are alive.
- 実のところ、美術史学上、覚猷をこれらの絵画の作者とする確証はないとされている。
- From the viewpoint of art history, however, there is no established evidence that proves the fact that Kakuyu was the painter of these paintings.
- 梅岳承芳と異母兄の玄広恵探による、今川氏内部の後継者争いが起こる(花倉の乱)。
- A succession race between Shoho BAIGAKU and his half brother Etan GENKO, among the Imagawa clan, occurred (Hanakura War).
- 一方の七七斎の方は、亡者のための追福・修功徳として、遺族が執行する儀礼である。
- On the other hand, Shichishichisai was a ceremony held by a bereaved family as a memorial service for praying for peace for the dead and accumulating good deeds.
- On the other hand, Shichishichi-sai was held by the families of the deceased for their memorial service and virtues.
- 弟子も多く、中でも『往生要集』の著者・源信_(僧侶)(恵信僧都)は著名である。
- He had many disciples and among them, Genshin (Eshin Sozu), the author of 'Ojoyoshu' (The Essentials of Salvation), was famous in particular.
- また、全国あちこちの社寺に見られる「おみくじ」の創始者は良源だと言われている。
- It is believed that Ryogen was the founder of 'omikuji' (sacred lots) which is now seen at many temples and shrines throughout the nation.
- 通称醍醐禅師、もしくはその荒くれ者ぶりから悪禅師とも呼ばれた(『平治物語』)。
- He was commonly known as Daigo Zenji (Master of Zen Buddhism), or Aku (evil) Zenji from his crudeness ('Heiji Monogatari' (The Tale of Heiji).
- 成績上位者15名は競馬名人に認定され、中でも成績優秀者は競馬師範に認定される。
- The top 15 test-takers are certified as keiba meijin (master of horse racing), and those who achieved distinguished results are certified as keiba shihan (grand master of horse racing).
- 日本においては、江戸時代の軍学者によって分類された地形による城の分類法の一つ。
- In Japan, Yamajiro was one of the castle classification methods determined by Edo period military strategists.
- 戦国時代 (日本)初期まで「城」と呼ばれるものは圧倒的に後者の山城が多かった。
- There were many of the latter mountain castle types until the early Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan).
- 国粋主義者は、この仮装舞踏会が開催されるや「亡国のきざし」と口を極めて罵った。
- No sooner was this masquerade held than the nationalists reviled it as 'a sign of the ruin of the country.'
- 原文…設我得佛 國中人天 壽命無能限量 除其本願 脩短自在 若不爾者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the humans and devas in my land should have limited lifespans, except when they wish to shorten them in accordance with their original vows, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 戒律を守り、布施されたものは貧しい者たちえ分け与え自らは清貧に甘んじたという。
- While she adhered to the precepts of Buddhism and distributed her offerings among poor people, she was reportedly content with living in poverty.
- その際に用いられる警策は、普段修行者に用いられるものより軽い材質でできている。
- The kyosaku (keisaku) used at the time is made of a lighter material than that is usually used for adult meditators.
- 信者は、御内法、御内証などと呼び、浄土真宗からは秘事法門、邪義などと呼ばれる。
- Kakushi nenbutsu is called 'Gonaiho' (the inward law) or 'Gonaisho'(the secret law) by its believers, and it is called 'Hijihomon' (the secret belief) or 'Jagi' (heresy) by Jodo Shinshu.
- このときには、養老院建設の寄付を募るため地位のある寄付者名簿を見せて勧誘した。
- In this case, kakushi nenbutsu asked some people to donate money toward the construction of an asylum for the aged, using a list of donators who occupied high social positions.
- その中でも、特に社会的勢力があり、富裕層を代表する立場にあるものを長者という。
- Among them, especially those who had social forces and in the position of representing the wealthy class were called choja.
- 但し、他教・他宗信者及び無宗教者が、表書きを「御霊前」として供えても構わない。
- However, believers of other religions and sects as well as free thinkers are allowed to write 'goreizen' when they attend Jodo Shinshu Sect funerals, and so on.
- 閻魔王として死者を裁くことから、主に死後の(地獄からの)救済を願って信仰される。
- Because it brings the dead to justice as the king Emma, it is mainly worshipped in order to wish for relief (from Hell) after death.
- 仏教を自称しているが、密教が仏教に含まれるかどうかは学者の間でも見解が分かれる。
- It identifies itself as Buddhism, but among scholars there is controversy as to whether Mikkyo is included in Buddhism or not.
- 江戸時代には富士信仰とも融合し、元禄年間に富士講の行者、食行身禄が活動している。
- During the Edo period it was mixed with the faith for Fuji, and trainees of Fuji-ko and Jikigyo Miroku were seen from 1688 to 1703.
- 次期法主候補者があらかじめ公表されている場合、次期法主候補者は学頭に任じられる。
- If the next candidate for the successor of hoshu was officially announced, he will be appointed as Gakuto (head student).
- 立野は、志賀直哉や武者小路実篤といった自然主義文学の作家たちに影響を受けていた。
- Tateno was influenced by such writers as Naoya SHIGA and Saneatsu MUSHANOKOJI, who advocated naturalist literature.
- 2008年4月現在、関係者専用駐車場だったのが、コインパーキングに変わっている。
- As of April, 2008, the staff parking lot is turned into the coin-parking lot.
- この講のよる信者の団結力は、蓮如の制止にも拘わらず施政者(大名など)に向かった。
- The strength of the group of followers in this Kou was directed at politicians (such as Daimyo), despite Rennyo's restraint.
- しかし、前方後円墳の築造が停止する7世紀には有力者の古墳の墳形に採用されている。
- However, they were adopted as the shape of the tumuli of the influential persons by the seventh century, in which the construction of keyhole-shaped tumuli was stopped.
- 浄土教系諸宗においては、浄土三部経を正依の経典としているため、後者が用いられる。
- Since the schools of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect have the Jodo Sanbu-kyo (the three main sutras of the Pure Land sect) as the main scripture, the latter is used.
- しかし竹雲はそれを断り、隠遁者的生活を貫く一方で村山地方の青年教育に意を注いだ。
- But he declined, and poured his passion into the education of the youth in Murayama while sticking to living a secluded life.
- 信者は、既存の寺の教えを表法と呼び、隠し念仏の教えを内法(内信心)と呼んでいる。
- The believers call the existing teachings of a temple the outward law, and call the teachings of kakushi nenbutsu the inward law (or the inward belief).
- 僧侶(僧侶)が集まる事から雲堂、修行者の中から仏が選ばれる事から選佛堂とも言う。
- These halls are also known as 'un-do' due to the presence of the monks, and also called 'senbutsu-do' (lit. choosing Buddhism hall) after the fact that the practitioners have chosen a life of Buddhism.
- 1072年(延久4年)北宋へ渡り、天台山や五台山など智者大師の聖跡・諸寺を巡礼。
- In 1072, he travelled to Northern Song Dynasty China where he made a pilgrimage to the holy sites and temples connected to Tendai Sect founder Zhiyi including Mt. Tiantai and Mt. Wutai,
- また在家者も座禅や念仏などの修行に打ち込む期間だけは不淫戒を守ることが薦められる。
- Additionally, it is recommended that lay people keep fuin-kai only during the period in which they devote unobstructed cultivation, such as in Zen seated meditation and Buddhist invocation.
- そして薩摩藩に逃れたが、藩では厄介者である月照の保護を拒否し、日向国送りを命じる。
- He escaped to the Satsuma Domain but the domain, which considered him to be a burden, declined to provide protection and ordered that he be sent to Hyuga Province.
- 日蓮宗の場合、在家信者も必ず本式念珠を用いる事になっている(略式念珠を用いない)。
- In the Nichiren Sect, even lay believers must use formal nenju (informal nenju is not be used).
- ただし、明応の政変以後は再び村上源氏が源氏長者とともに別当を継承するようになった。
- After the Meio Coup, Murakami-Genji again continued to be assigned to the post of the family head of the Minamoto clan and the two Betto posts.
- また、日雇い労働者たちの寄せ場のある地区にはドヤと呼ばれる簡易宿所も多く見られる。
- Another type of cheap lodging house is called 'doya' and many of them can be seen in the districts where there are job brokers for day workers.
- 館長には『バカの壁』などの著書で知られる解剖学者・養老孟司が非常勤で就任している。
- Takeshi YORO, an anatomist who is known as the author of 'The Wall of Fools' and others, serves as a part-time Executive Director.
- 後者は壁画発見当時から流入土砂で汚損され、オリジナルの彩色が残らない部分であった。
- In the latter incident, the damaged area had been already soiled with sediment and the original colors of the murals had been lost at the time of discovery.
- 先代の斎宮が退下すると、未婚の内親王または女王 (皇族)の中から候補者を選び出す。
- Once the last Saigu ends her mission, candidates are picked out among unmarried imperial princesses and princesses (of the Imperial Family).
- 戒明は空海と同じ讃岐の出身で、その後空海が重要視した『釈摩訶衍論』の請来者である。
- Kaimyo came from the same Sanuki Province as Kukai, and brought to Japan scriptures 'Shakumakaenron' that Kukai placed importance on.
- 方丈は簡単に構築でき、また簡単に解体する事ができたため、僧侶や隠遁者に愛用された。
- Moreover, because the hojo was easily built and easily dismantled, it was favored by priests and hermits.
- 信者は内容を部外者には語ってはならない、言えば血を吐いて死ぬと脅すことも行われる。
- The believer is forbidden to reveal the ritual under the threat that he (or she) will vomit blood and die if he (or she) does so.
- 潜伏する理由として、金儲けを企む者に知られて教えが退廃することを防ぐためとされる。
- The believers say they conceal themselves for fear that the teachings will deteriorate when money chasers come to know and utilize these teachings.
- 禁制であったキリスト教の信者(キリシタン)の取締まりや取締りのの指導などを行った。
- Shumon aratame-yaku took charge of cracking down on Christians--Christianity was banned--and supervised policing.
- 5. 鉤召法(こうちょうほう)…諸尊・善神・自分の愛する者を召し集めるための修法。
- 5. The Kocho-ho prayer: a prayer to attract Shoson (a generic term for entities to be respected in Buddhism such as Nyorai (Tathagata), Bosatsu (Bodhisattva), Myoo and heaven), Zenjin (good deities) and those one loves.
- 義仲は差し出された明雲の首を「そんな者が何だ」と言って西洞院川に投げ捨てたという。
- Yoshinaka held up the head of Myoun and said 'He was nothing.' before throwing it into Nishi no Toin-gawa River.
- 光明山愛染院 (板橋区)(東京都板橋区) - 地元の染物業者の信仰対象となっている)
- Komyosan Aizen-in Temple (光明山愛染院) (Itabashi Ward, Tokyo) - worshipped by local dye manufacturers
- また衆生に総てを畏れざる無畏心を施す意で施無畏者、世を救済するので救世大士ともいう。
- Moreover, it is also called semuisha (施無畏者), the person who gives one a fearless mind, or guse daishi (救世大士), who can relieve this world.
- 前者を「古因果経」といい、遺品の少ない奈良時代絵画の研究上、重要な資料とされている。
- The former is called 'Ko-Ingakyo Sutra' (old Ingakyo Sutra), and is regarded as an important document for the study of pictures in the Nara period as very few illustrations remain from this era.
- 灌頂(かんじょう)とは、主に密教で行う、頭頂に水を灌ぎ、正統な継承者とする為の儀式。
- Kanjo is a ceremony mainly celebrated in Esoteric Buddhism, in which a legitimate successor is declared by pouring water over the top of the head.
- 事実上の支配者は開発領主大中臣信清を祖とする大中臣氏だが、鎌倉時代に内紛で没落した。
- The actual ruler was the Onakatomi clan, a descendent of kaihatsu ryoshu (local notables who actually developed the land) ONAKATOMI no Nobukiyo, but the clan collapsed due to an internal conflict during the Kamakura period.
- アルベルト・アインシュタイン 1922年(大正11年)12月17日、18日 物理学者
- Albert EINSTEIN: December 17 and 18, 1922, physical scientist
- この点からも武蔵府中熊野神社古墳の被葬者が有力な在地勢力であったことは明らかである。
- Similarly, this clearly suggests that Musashi Fuchu Kumano Jinja Tumulus was constructed by an important local power.
- 弓削皇子説を唱える代表的な人物は、菅谷文則(滋賀県立大学教授)、梅原猛(哲学者)ら。
- The typical experts who support Yuge no miko (Prince Yuge) as the candidate include Fuminori SUGAYA (professor of The University of Shiga Prefecture) and Takeshi UMEHARA (a philosopher).
- 9月には高雄山寺が定額寺となり、真言僧14名を置き、毎年年分度者一名が許可となった。
- In September, Takaosan-ji Temple became a Jogaku-ji temple (one of the temples next to national temples in rank), where 14 Shingon priests resided, and became entitled to accept a nenbundo-sha (approved people who enter the Buddhist priesthood) every year.
- 1070年(延久2年)頃より大峰山・葛城山・熊野などで修行し、修験者として知られた。
- He started ascetic practices around 1070 in Mt. Omine, Mt. Katsuragi, and Kumano, thus he came to be known as an ascetic Buddhist priest.
- 原文…設我得佛 他方國土 諸菩薩衆 聞我名字 至于得佛 諸根闕陋 不具足者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in the lands of the other quarters who hear my name should, at any time before ascending to Buddhahood, have physical disabilities, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 原文…設我得佛 他方國土 諸菩薩衆 聞我名字 壽終之後 生尊貴家 若不爾者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in the lands of the other quarters who hear my name should not be reborn into noble families after death, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 宮中警護に当たる滝口武者(滝口の武士)であったため、これが出家後の名前の由来となる。
- Tokiyori's Dharma name after becoming a Buddhist priest was derived from the fact that he was a Takiguchi Musha (Takiguchi no Bushi) (the Imperial Palace Guards for the north side, near waterfall), who guarded the Imperial Palace.
- 主導的な役割を果たしたのは第1期のメンバーの生存者である藤原有国・高階積善とされる。
- It is believed that the members in position as the leaders were FUJIWARA no Arikuni and TAKASHINA no Moriyoshi, who were also the members of the first period of Kangakue.
- 「それ衆生あって聞くことを得ざる者は、まさに知るべし、是等はこれ大利を失えるなり。」
- 'The people who had no chance to listen to it should know that they missed something huge. '
- 普賢菩薩勧発品第28「若し復是の経典を受持せん者を見て、其の過悪(かあく)を出さん。
- Fugen Bosatsu Kanbotsu hon No.28 (The Period of the Law (Dharmaparyaya), the 28th chapter of the Lotus Sutra) 'If the person who sees a person who holds this sutra, he will be exposed his faults or evils.
- 機能としては卒塔婆に相当するもので、盆の時期に墓参りを行う者がその墓の周囲に立てる。
- The function of bon toro is similar to that of 'sotoba' (a pagoda-shaped wooden tablet set up by a tomb, on which phrases from a sutra or the like are written for the repose of the dead's soul), and bon toro is set up around the grave by the visitor during the season of Obon.
- 他宗の信者から見て、当たり前と思える習俗に従わないことを指摘する時などに用いられる。
- This phrase is used when believers of other sects criticize monto for not following the local customs which, at least from their viewpoint, is common.
- 一般に仏事・法要の際、仏・菩薩・物故者の霊位などに礼拝するときに、合掌した手にかける。
- Generally, it is hung on hands that are put flat together on the occasions of Buddhist rites, Buddhist memorial services and/or praying to Buddha, Bodhisattva, memorial tablet of the deceased.
- また、公家や僧侶から商工業者まで各階層の消費者を多く抱えており、金融業も発展していた。
- Also, Kyoto had many of consumers in each social class, from the Court noble, the Buddhist monk to the commercial and industrial men, and was developed in the financial business.
- 存覚は初期浄土真宗における優れた教学者で、父覚如を助けて浄土真宗の教線拡大に尽力した。
- Zonkaku was an outstanding educator in early Jodo Shinshu, and assisting his father, Kakunyo, endeavored to expand the teachings of Jodo Shinshu.
- 非人・らい病者から後嵯峨上皇・亀山上皇・後深草上皇に至るまで貴賎を問わず帰依を受けた。
- He accepted anyone's conversion to Buddhism regardless of their social standings, from Hinin (those in the lowest rank of caste system) and lepers to the Retired Emperors Gosaga, Kameyama, and Gofukakusa.
- 原文…設我得佛 國中菩薩 在諸佛前 現其德本 諸所欲求 供養之具 若不如意者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in my land should be unable to obtain offerings as they wish when accumulating merits by worshiping the Buddhas, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 複数人で勤めている場合は、リンを打つ役の者以外は、最初のリンが打たれるまで合掌を保つ。
- When two or more persons are performing, all attendees except the one who strikes the bell should keep the position of gassho until the first bell is struck.
- 中にいた子供たちは遊びに夢中で火事に気づかず、長者が説得するも外に出ようとしなかった。
- Children in the house were so absorbed in playing that they did not become aware of fire and did not try to get out of the house despite the Choja's persuasion.
- 菊池寛が自ら試験問題を作成して募集した文藝春秋の入社試験に、この作者を問う問題がある。
- The question to answer this author appeared in the recruitment examination of Bungeishunju Ltd. which Kan KIKUCHI himself prepared the questions for recruiting.
- 浄土教では、人を殺めた者も念仏を唱えて信仰すれば極楽浄土へ転生できるとまで説いている。
- The Jodo (Pure Land) sect preaches that even a person who killed other person can be reborn in gokuraku jodo (the Pure Land - of Amida Buddha) if he invokes nenbutsu (Buddhist prayer) and has a faith.
- 自分の心を直接掘り下げるのでなく、他者をいわば鏡として外から自分を客観視する点が特徴。
- A distinctive point of this therapy is that the client sees him or herself objectively using the third person as a mirror instead of directly probing his or her mind.
- 父・顕如の死後の後継者争いでは、異母弟の准如を支援して自分の娘の阿古をその正室とした。
- In the race for the successor of his father Kennyo, Kenson supported his younger half brother Junnyo, whom his daughter Ako married as a lawful wife.
- 経を読誦し書持すること有らん者を見て、軽賤憎嫉(きょうせんぞうしつ)して結根を懐かん。
- He ridicules, hates, envies and blames a person who reads and writes sutras.
- 1669年(寛文9年)4月には、正式に隠元の法を嗣ぎ、日本人初の隠元の嗣法者となった。
- In April 1669, he officially took over Ingen's teachings and became the first Japanese who mastered Ingen's esoteric techniques.
- 僧兵(そうへい)とは、日本の古代後期から中世、近世初頭にかけて存在した僧形の武者である。
- The term Sohei means samurai (warriors) with the appearance of priests who were active from the Medieval Period until the early modern ages.
- 事の発端には、法性寺の寺宝が盗まれた際に、念仏者が盗賊団の一味として疑われたことがある。
- The reason for this persecution was that nenbutsu priests were suspected of robbery when the treasure of Hossho-ji Temple was stolen.
- 一般的に沢庵漬けの考案者と言われているが、これについては諸説ある(同項目を参照のこと)。
- Although he is widely believed to be the inventor of takuanzuke (pickled daikon radish), there are many views on this subject (refer to the column on takuanzuke).
- 小さな古墳の被葬者の名でさえ、その時は忘れられていたが、元々言い伝えがあったことが判る。
- At that time, the names of the buried figures in those small tumulus had been forgotten, although each tumulus had a legend handed down over generations.
- この日、皇極天皇の眼前で大臣の次期後継者である蘇我入鹿が刺殺されるという凶行がなされた。
- On this day, an act of violence to stab to death SOGA no Iruka, the inheritor to the Oomi was committed in front of Empress Kogyoku.
- 852年(仁寿2年)貞観寺を建立し、860年(貞観 (日本)2年)には東寺長者となった。
- In 852, he built Jogan-ji Temple and in 860 he became To-ji choja (the chief abbot of To-ji Temple).
- 罪は十悪五逆の者も生(うま)ると信じて、少罪(しょうざい)をも犯(おか)さじと思うべし。
- Since Amida Buddha saves a sinner like me, I swear I will never commit any small sin.
- これらを身にまとい行を修めることにより、修験者はその力を身につけることができるのである。
- By putting on these tools and conducting ascetic practices, Shugenja can earn the natural power.
- そこで良医は一計を案じ、いったん外出して使いの者を出し、父親が出先で死んだと告げさせた。
- Then, the excellent physician worked out a plan for him to leave home and make a messenger inform them that their father died on his trip.
- 善鸞などの隠し念仏の善知識と呼ばれる指導者は、『御書』をよむことができ、儀式を執り行う。
- The leaders of kakushi nenbutsu, including Zenran, are called 'zen chishiki' (kalyaana-mitra, a Sanskrit word which means a person who offers spiritual friendship and guidance), and they can read 'Gosho' (secret books) and hold the rituals of kakushi nenbutsu.
- 若し人、一の悪言を以って在家出家の法華経を読誦する者を毀訾(きし)せん、其の罪甚だ重し」
- If a person libels lay and live-in believers who read the Hoke-kyo Sutra with a curse, his sin would be very heavy.'
- マイトレーヤはその派生形容詞/名詞で「友好的な、友情に厚い、慈悲深い(者)」の意味となる。
- Maitreya means 'amicable, friendly and merciful (person)' in its derived adjective and noun.
- 入館料は大人700円、高校生大学生300円、小学生中学生200円(団体、高齢者割引あり)。
- The entrance fee: \700 for an adult, \300 for high school and university students and \200 for elementary and junior-high school students (a discount for groups and senior citizens is also available).
- 受益者の数が少ない場合は受益者負担が増え、受益者負担を減らした場合は費用回収が困難となる。
- Where there are few beneficiaries, the burden on each beneficiary will be greater, and it may become difficult to recover costs in the event that the burden is alleviated.
- この点から被葬者は絹布で覆ったヒノキ材の木棺に安置され、埋葬された可能性が指摘されている。
- Based on these points, some scholars have suggested that the dead persons were placed in the wooden coffins covered with silk cloth before they were buried.
- 翌年5月に同郷の周信が相模国の善福寺に入院しようとしたときには、その衣鉢侍者を務めている。
- When Shushin, a priest from the same town came to Zenpuku-ji Temple in Sagami Province in May 1365, Chushin served as his Ihatsujisha (the person in charge of attire and finance).
- 伝法灌頂(でんぼうかんじょう)とは、阿闍梨(あじゃり)という指導者の位を授ける儀式である。
- Denpo-kanjo is a ceremony to confer the title of master called Ajari (a master in esoteric Buddhism; a high priest).
- さらに、結学生と呼ばれた学生参加者が少なくなったために円滑な世代交代が行われにくくなった。
- Further, since the student participants, who were called Ketsugakusei (結学生), decreased, it became difficult to pass power between generations.
- やがて20年経ち臨終を前にした長者は、窮子に財産の管理を任せ、実の子であることを明かした。
- In due course, 20 years had passed and the Choja in his last moments entrust the management of his property to his son and disclosed their real parent-child relationship.
- 閻魔王は地蔵菩薩として人々の様子を事細かに見ているため、綿密に死者を裁くことができるとする。
- According to that, the king Enma watches people closely as Jizo Bosatsu so that he can fairly bring the dead to justice.
- 観賢が東寺長者・金剛峯寺座主を兼ね、東寺を本寺とし、金剛峯寺を末寺とする本末制度を確立した。
- Kangen became Toji-Choja (the chief abbot of To-ji Temple) and at the same time Kongobu-ji Temple's head priest, and established the Honmatsu system in which To-ji Temple was the head temple and Kongobu-ji Temple was the sub-temple.
- 本願寺は民衆が支配者に対して展開した解放運動のささえとなり、社会変革の思想的原動力となった。
- Hongwan-ji Temple supported the freedom movement which the grass roots requested in opposition to rulers, serving as the ideological driving force of social reform.
- なお、私度僧で大成した者には空海や円澄(最澄の高弟)、景戒(『日本霊異記』著者)などがある。
- Further, there are Kukai, Encho (a leading disciple of Saicho), Kyokai (the author of 'Nihon Ryoiki' (Miraculous Stories from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition, written in the early Heian period)), and so on as the ones that succeeded as shidoso.
- などから当古墳の被葬者は船舶の管理者であり、津(港)の管掌者ではなかったかと推測されている。
- From these facts, the owner of this tumulus is thought to have controlled ships and ports in this region.
- 南北163メートルにおよぶ細長い建物で、参殿者の休所や、もてなし、拝謁等多目的に使用される。
- It is a long and narrow building extending 163 m from north to south, which is used for multiple purposes, including lounge and places for hospitality and audience for visitors.
- 原則として管理者である大家との同居であり、個室として提供される部屋に下宿人が住む形式である。
- There, in principle, the owner who serves as a manager of the lodging lives together with the lodgers, and each lodger lives in an individual room within the house.
- 西殿塚古墳は、宮内庁が管理しているために、国民はもちろん学者も自由に立ち入ることができない。
- Because the Nishi-Tonozuka tumulus is managed by The Imperial Household Agency, no scholar as well as ordinary persons can enter the tumulus site.
- なおこの縦穴石室は、ほぼ真北を向いており、被葬者の頭も真北に向けられていたことは推定できる。
- Moreover, this pit stone chamber points to almost true north, from which we can guess that the head of the deceased pointed to true north.
- この古墳群の氏族ないし埋葬者は特定されておらず、大伴氏、漢氏(あやし)、蘇我氏など諸説ある。
- The clans or buried persons of these tumuli have not been specified; there are several opinions such as the Otomo clan, the Aya clan, the Soga clan, and so on.
- しかしながら、出土した被葬者の歯やあごの骨から40代から60代の初老の人物と推測されている。
- However, the teeth and jaw bones of the unearthed body suggest an elderly man between the 40's and 60's.
- 白石太一郎や直木孝次郎は、被葬者は右大臣の阿倍御主人(あべのみうし)であったと主張している。
- Taichiro SHIRAISHI and Kojiro NAOKI maintain that the tomb owner was ABE no Miushi, Minister of the Right.
- 学者である矢代は、個人の好みによってではなく、質の高い作品を系統的に収集することに尽力した。
- YASHIRO, a scholar, worked hard to collect high-quality artworks not according to his personal taste but systematically.
- 念仏講(ねんぶつこう)とは、日本の仏教において、在家信者が念仏を唱える講中を指す言葉である。
- Nenbutsu-ko means kochu, which is the gathering for nenbutsu chanting by lay believers of Japanese Buddhism.
- インドの仏教では、古く祇園精舎で北西の一角に無常院を作って病者や死を迎える者を入れたという。
- In ancient Indian Buddhism, Mujoin (monastery for rest of sick persons in Jetavana Vihara) was constructed at the northwest corner of Jetavana Vihara to accept the sick and dying persons.
- 地元の儒学者に「大学」を学び、「大学の道は、明徳を明らかにするにあり」という一文につまずく。
- He studied 'Daigaku' (a book describing educational philosophy of Daigaku) from a local Confucian scholar, and faltered at one sentence, 'the way of Daigaku is to clarify the virtue.'
- 当時の時代背景から考えると、貴族など裕福な者たちが、寺社を建て仏像・絵像を寄進し、礼拝した。
- Considering the historical background, rich people such as nobility constructed temples, donated statues and pictures, and prayed.
- 荒俣宏の小説・帝都物語では、加持祈祷による米英ソの戦争指導者の呪殺を画策する事になっている。
- In the novel 'Teito Monogatari' (The tale of the Imperial Capital) by Hiroshi ARAMATA, he is supposed to plan killing the war leaders in the USA, the UK and Soviet Union through curses.
- しかし、これらの罰は戒律に違背したために、第3者によって現実に行われる処罰であり制裁である。
- However, punishments for these were penalties or sanctions that were actually given by another person because of the violation of the precepts.
- 顕密体制(けんみつたいせい)とは、歴史学者黒田俊雄が提唱した日本の中世宗教体制に関する学説。
- Kenmitsu taisei refers to a hypothesis about a medieval religious theory in Japan, which was proposed by Toshio KURODA, a historian.
- 仏教用語から転じて、中国古典でも使用され、社会的地位があり、財産・徳行を備えた者を意味した。
- Coming from a Buddhist terminology, it was also used in Chinese classics, meaning a high-profile person with fortune and virtuous deeds.
- 近年、核家族化や若者の都市部への流出により、浄土真宗の教えについて伝承できなくなりつつある。
- In recent years, it is increasingly becoming difficult to pass down the teachings of Jodo Shinshu Sect due to the trend towards the nuclear family and the ever-increasing flow of young people to urban areas.
- しかし、信仰心の篤い女性信者のために、結界の外に女性が念仏に励む場所として女人堂が建てられた。
- However, for religious female believers Nyonin-do was built as a place where women could devote Buddhist invocations outside of the kekkai (border).
- 空海の開いた真言宗において、究極的には修行者自身と一体化すべきものとして最も重要な仏陀である。
- In the Shingon sect, which was founded by Kukai, it is the most important Buddha with which a disciplinant should ultimately integrate.
- bodhi は「覚」であり、sattva は「生きている者」の意味で衆生とか有情と意訳された。
- Bodhi means 'awake,' and sattva means 'a living person' so that it was freely translated into 'the living things' or 'humanity.'
- 「祇園精舎の鐘の声、諸行無常の響きあり、沙羅双樹の花の色,盛者必衰の理をあらわす」平家物語冒頭
- Opening lines of Heike Monogatari (The tale of the Heike (the Taira clan)), 'The sound of the bell of Gion-shoja, rings with the transience of all things, the color of the flowers of paired sal trees, shows the truth that all glories must fade.'
- それは大王を他の有力豪族からも隔絶した支配者とみなし、中央集権国家の樹立を目指すものであった。
- It was to declare the king as the top ruler different from other local powerful lords of clans, with the aim of establishing a nation of centralized governance structure.
- 一部の支配者層だけは、古墳の造営を続け、下級官人及び庶民は古墳造営が禁止されたのが実情である。
- The actual situation was that a small group of the ruling class continued to build tumuli, whereas, the lower-ranking government official class and common people were not allowed to do so.
- 「前方後円」の語は、江戸時代の国学者蒲生君平が19世紀初めに著した『山陵志』で初めで使われた。
- The term 'front-square rear-round' (pronounced zenpo koen in Japanese) was first used in 'Sanryoshi' written by a Japanese classical scholar of the Edo Period, Kunpei GAMO, in the early nineteenth century.
- 後、各界の名士からなる天晴会、その他講妙会、婦人のための地明会、労務者のための自慶会等を創す。
- Thereafter, he organized Tensei-kai, which consisted of prominent persons from various societies, Komyo-kai, Chimei-kai, which were for females, and Jikei-kai, which was for laborers.
- 具体的には、江戸時代讃岐国の庄松という妙好人が「私が捨てた念仏を喜んで拾う者がいる」と言った。
- Specifically, during the Edo period in Sanuki Province, a pious Jodo Shinshu sect believer named Shoma said; 'There are those that are happy to make use of the Buddha I have discarded.'
- 原文…設我得佛 他方國土 諸菩薩衆 聞我名字 歡喜踊躍 修菩薩行 具足德本 若不爾者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in the lands of the other quarters who hear my name should not rejoice so greatly as to dance and perform the Bodhisattva practices and should not acquire stores of merit, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 原文…設我得佛 十方衆生 聞我名號 係念我國 殖諸德本 至心回向 欲生我國 不果遂者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the sentient beings in this land who, having heard my name, concentrate their thoughts on my land, do various good deeds and sincerely transfer the merits toward my land with a desire to be born there, should not eventually fulfill their aspirations, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- このため、1495年(明応4年)には加賀一揆の指導者で反政元派の河井宣久の粛清を容認している。
- As a result, in 1495 Jitsunyo gave his approval to purge Senji KAWAI, leader of the Kaga Ikki (revolt) and member of the anti-Masamoto faction, from the religious establishment.
- そんな中、庶民の救済もできないような状況に嫌気が差して官僧を辞し、個人的に活動する者が現れた。
- In such a situation, some public monks quit their jobs because they could not save the ordinary public and started activity as individuals.
- そのために初心者向けの方便として只管打坐・修証一如こそが禅宗の極意であるということが言われる。
- Therefore, as an easy way for a beginner, it is said that Shikantaza and shushoichinyo (practice is not for enlightenment, but they are combined and cannot be divided) are the secrets of the Zen sect.
- 日本の神奈川県横浜市中区にも、華僑によって建立された死者の永眠を祀る地藏王廟(中華義荘)がある。
- In the Naka Ward of Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan) there exists Jizo-o-byo Temple (Chuka Giso) (Chinese cemetary), which was built by Chinese residents and enshrines the rest of the dead.
- これは、北宋版系や契丹版系の国家事業としての開版とは異なり、信者の寄進による私版の事業であった。
- This was a project to publish a private edition through the dedication of believers, as opposed to publication as a national project like the Northern Sung dynasty edition or the Kitai edition.
- 重源自らも中国で建築・土木技術を習得したといわれ、中国の技術者陳和卿の協力を得て職人を指導した。
- It is said that Chogen himself also studied architecture and civil engineering in China, and he guided the construction workers with the cooperation of Chinese engineer CHEN Heqing.
- 現在では、托鉢は毎朝行われ、教団に持ち帰ったそれらの食物は担当者によって全員に平等に分配される。
- Nowadays, takuhatsu is practiced every morning, and the foods taken back to the religious community are divided equally between everyone by those in charge.
- 十王は死者の罪の多寡を鑑み、地獄 (仏教)へ送ったり、六道への輪廻を司るなど畏怖の対象であった。
- The Juo were regarded as an awesome existence because they decided whether the dead should be sent to Jigoku (Hell, one of the posthumous realms advocated by Buddhism) and presided over the Rokudo-rinne (transmigration in the six posthumous realms advocated by Buddhism) in light of the seriousness of the karma belonging to the dead person.
- Juo were awed and feared; they were believed to send the dead to the hell (Buddhism) or the wheel of life of Rokudo (Six Realms of Reincarnation) in view of the amount of bad things each dead creature did during his or her lifetime.
- 築城者は、12世紀末の土持栄綱または13世紀末の土持国綱と言われる(『延陵旧記』『延陵世鑑』)。
- The castle is said to have been built by Hidetsuna (栄綱) TSUCHIMOCHI at the end of the 12th century or Kunitsuna (国綱) TSUCHIMOCHI at the end of the 13th century ('Enryo Kyuki' (Ancient Record of Nobeoka domain), 'Enryo Seikan' (History of Nobeoka domain)).
- 前者は後者に比べ茅の使用量を2〜3分の1に押さえる事が出来、茅が滑り落ちない為施工が簡単である。
- The former method uses only a half or third of kaya compared with the latter method and is easier because kaya does not slide down.
- 寿屋創業者・当時の社長である鳥井信治郎は、本格的なウイスキー製造を目指し、蒸溜所開設を企画した。
- Shinjiro TORII, the founder and then president of Kotobukiya, Ltd. planned to open the distillery to produce real whisky.
- 応和宗論の論者として選ばれたが辞退し、摂津国金龍寺 (高槻市)(安満寺)を再興してそこに住した。
- Senkan was selected to debate for discourses on Owa Shuron, but declined the offer and went to revive the Konryu-ji Temple in the Settsu Province (Takatsuki City) (Ama-dera Temple) where he lived.
- また声が出せない者も、「称名」はできないが、助行はおこなえ、報恩報謝、仏徳讃嘆することができる。
- Also, people who cannot speak cannot conduct 'Shomyo' (Invocation of the Buddha's Name), but they can conduct jogyo, thanking Buddha and his virtue.
- 1953年(昭和28年)には、真宗大谷派の他の僧侶らと「中国人俘虜殉難者慰霊実行委員会」を設立。
- In 1953 he founded 'the Memorial Committee for Martyred Chinese Captives' together with other priests of the School.
- 吉本自身は自らは創始者と呼ばれることを嫌い「わては内観のチンドン屋です」と講演などで話していた。
- Yoshimoto hated to be called the founder of Naikan and said in his lectures, 'I'm just a showy advertiser of Naikan.'
- 活躍は仏像修理技師、仏像研究者、僧侶としてばかりでなく、 一般向けの仏像解説書の執筆にまで及ぶ。
- In addition to being a sculptor and repair specialist of Buddhist statues and Buddhist priest, he wrote guide books for Buddhist statues for general readers.
- 先行する『発心集』の影響を受けて、その欠陥を改め、思想を継承・補完することが意図と、作者は言う。
- The author said that the purpose of this book was to correct one's failings and to develop and complement thought, being aware of the lessons of the preceding 'Hosshinshu' (Tales of Awakening).
- また『更級日記』の作者、菅原孝標女が薬師仏を等身に造って屋敷内で祀ったというのも仏壇の源流である。
- Also butsudan is considered to have its origin in a life-size Yakushi-butsu (the healing Buddha), which was made and worshipped at home by SUGAWARA no Takasue no musume (the daughter of SUGAWARA no Takasue,) an original writer of 'Sarashina Nikki' (the Sarashina Diary).
- 聖宝が遺した『実修実証』の言葉は、当山派修行者の実践過程において、常に護持すべき修験道の心とする。
- The term, 'Jisshu Jissho' (Discipline to prove the teaching) left by Shobo, should be the mind of mountaineering asceticism and always maintained by practitioners of Tozan School in the process of practice.
- 8世紀代の役人が着用した帯の金具も出土しており、官位を有する有力者もしくは役人の存在が想定される。
- Metal fittings for belts worn by government officers in the eighth century have also been unearthed, and this fact suggests that powerful persons with a governmental rank or government officers existed.
- ユナイテッドアローズやジャーナルスタンダードなど、若者に人気のセレクトショップなどを数多く構える。
- It keeps a lot of specialty boutiques and the like such as UNITED ARROWS and JOURNAL STANDARD which are popular among young people.
- また死者を弔う儀式以外に、寺の創立記念や落慶(新しい堂宇の完成記念)や仏像の開眼などの慶事も含む。
- Except for the ceremony to mourn for the dead, it includes celebratory occasions such as the anniversary of the founding of temples, rakkei (the celebration of the completion of a temple) (an anniversary event for the new temple building), the consecration ceremony for a statue of Buddha and so on.
- かう経文は分明なれども、南北の大智の諸人の迷うて有りし経文なれば、末代の学者能く能く眼をとどむべし
- However, since there have been disputes among scholars around the world over the value of the Nirvana Sutra, the scholars for generations need to examine it closely.
- 竹雲の学識は湯沢(村山市)の菅原遯、長瀞(東根市)の寒河江市隠と並んで「村山の三儒者」と称された。
- Chikuun's knowledge was so profound that he was admired as 'Three Great Confucianists around Murayama' along with Ton SUGAWARA in Yuzawa (the present Murayama City) and Shion SAGAE in Nagatoro (the present Higashine City).
- 福島県須賀川市の開業精神科医・石田六郎、岡山大学精神神経科教授奥村二吉らが内観療法の先駆者である。
- The pioneers of Naikan therapy include Rokuro ISHIDA, a practicing psychiatrist in Sukagawa City, Fukushima Prefecture and Nikichi OKUMURA, a professor of the Department of Psychiatric Neurology at Okayama University.
- 正しい信心を持つことで、いかなる者でも浄土往生が約束される正定聚の地位に着くことができると説いた。
- He taught that with proper religious belief, it is possible for any person so reach the position of those guaranteed to Jodo Ojo while still in this world.
- 本来の本門佛立講は、日蓮の説いた教義の布教や実践・化儀を在家の信者が自ら率先して行うことを説いた。
- The original Honmon Butsuryu Ko association was the individual Zaike (lay believers) taking the lead in actual missionary work, practice and the way of Buddha teaching humankind, as lectured by Nichiren.
- 逆にそういう場所だからこそ、修験者は異性に煩わされない厳しい修行の場として、山岳を選んだというもの。
- On the contrary, because mountain areas were such places, practitioners of austerity chose them as places of severe unobstructed cultivation where men could not be caught up in thoughts of women.
- これは仏陀自身の活動に制約があると考えられたためで、いわば仏陀の手足となって活動する者を菩薩と呼ぶ。
- This is because it was thought that the activity of Buddha itself had a restriction, so that a person who worked for Buddha hand and foot, as it were, was called Bosatsu.
- 明治44年に出版された「日蓮聖人」という本の扉に掲載された写真は、由比一乗が著者に与えたものである。
- The photograph in the title page of the book, 'Nichiren Shonin' published in 1911, was given to the author by Ichijo YUI.
- 仏壇(ぶつだん)とは、一般家屋の中に常設された、仏を祀る厨子であり、家族の死者を祭る、祭壇でもある。
- Butsudan is a permanent miniature temple in an ordinary house to enshrine Buddha as well as an alter to enshrine the dead of the family.
- 棟札は普通の利用者には見えない位置に取り付けられるため、年月か経つとしばしば存在が忘れられてしまう。
- Munefudas are put in places which are not usually viewed, and as time goes by they are often forgotten.
- 光の歴史や科学技術に関する展示のほか、全天周映像ホールではクイズなどを通じて来館者が体験参加できる。
- There are exhibits on the history and scientific technologies of light and also a full dome video projection hall where visitors are allowed to participate in and experience attractions through puzzles and so on.
- もし、外来者が今井町内で宿泊する必要のあるときは、その都度、町年寄へ届出を必要としていたようである。
- When outlanders needed to stay in Imai-cho overnight, they were required to notify machi-doshiyori accordingly each time.
- この日、修復に当たっていた担当者の一人が誤って空気清浄機を倒し、西壁男子群像の下の余白に傷をつけた。
- On this day, a blank space below a group of men drawn on the painting of the west wall got damaged when a repair staff accidentally fell an air purifier.
- 一方、欧化政策を批判する国粋主義者は「嬌奢を競い淫逸にいたる退廃的行事」として非難の声を挙げていた。
- On the other hand, nationalists attacking the Europeanization policy criticized these events as being 'decadent functions leading to competition for lust and luxury and to indulgence in pleasure.'
- 原文…設我得佛 國中菩薩 承佛神力 供養諸佛 一食之頃 不能徧至 無數無量那由他 諸佛國者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in my land, to make offerings to Buddhas through my transcendent power, should be unable to reach immeasurable and innumerable kotis of nayuta of Buddha-lands in a short period of time as that for eating a meal, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- ことに浄土真宗の檀徒・信者を「門徒」と呼ぶことが一般的であり、他宗派の檀徒を門徒と呼ぶことは少ない。
- Especially in Jodo Shinshu, it is general to call danto and believers 'monto,' but it's rare that one would refer to the danto of other Buddhist sects by that name.
- 玄旨檀とは、一心三観の深旨を口伝面授する玄旨灌頂であり、法華の法水を授者の頭頂部にそそぐ儀式である。
- Genshi-dan is Genshi-kanjo to orally transmit the deep meaning of isshin sangan (threefold contemplation in a single mind), and the ceremony to pour Hosui of Hokke onto the top of head of the person receiving.
- 画名が高まり画を請う者が絶えず、巨万の富を積みさらに銭をむさぼること甚だしいため、譏る人も多かった。
- As he became famous for his painting, he received constant requests for drawing, and since he furthermore attempted to make excessive profits over accumulated enormous wealth, there were a lot of people who were criticizing him for that.
- 科挙受験後、合格者は選抜してくれたことへの感謝の意を込めて担当試験官を訪問し、そこで師弟の契りを結ぶ。
- After the examinations, a successful applicant visited the examiners to show his gratitude for allowing him to pass the examinations and they made a contract as teacher and student.
- 中国の禅寺では本来、住持を隠退した者は、東堂・西堂の僧堂で雲水たちと共同生活をする決まりとなっていた。
- In Chinese Zen temples, it was originally the practice that the head priest would reside with the monks at the eastern or western so-do hall after he retired.
- 鎌倉時代の叡尊は元々真言宗僧であったが、後に鑑真が伝えた律宗を学んで両者を統合した真言律宗を起こした。
- Eison, in the Kamakura period, was originally belonged to the Shingon Sect, but later learned the doctrines of the Ritsu Sect introduced by Jianzhen to found the Shingon Ritsu Sect by combining the doctrines of both sects.
- 信長の安土城や、豊臣秀吉の大坂城などにおいて身分の序列を著し権力者の威厳を示すため、書院造が完成した。
- The Shoin-zukuri style was established for clarifying the social status orders of persons and for showing dignity of the person in authority in Azuchi-jo Castle built by Nobunaga or Osaka-jo Castle built by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 6世紀後半-7世紀前半の遺跡と推定され、下総塚古墳被葬者の次代を担った「白河国造」の居館と考えられる。
- It is presumed that the residence was used in the era from the latter half of the sixth century to the first half of the seventh century, and it is considered having been resided by the 'Shirakawa no Kuni no Miyatsuko' governor who followed the person buried in the Shimousazuka tumulus.
- 2006年4月より京都市の指定管理者制度導入に伴い、ビバスポーツアカデミーによる運営、管理を開始した。
- Following the appointment of the Designated Manager System into the Kyoto City in April 2006, Viva Sports Academy Corporation began running and managing the facility.
- 修行経験が深く篤実温厚な人物が任命される場合が多く、修行僧たちの相談役として敬慕される者が多いという。
- It is said that an experienced, sincere and well-tempered person is often appointed as the tenzo, and that many tenzos are highly prized as advisers to monks.
- 原文…設我得佛 國中聲聞 有能計量 下至三千大千世界 聲聞縁覺 於百千劫 悉共計挍 知其數者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the number of the shravavakas in my land could be known, even if all the beings and pratyekabuddhas living in this universe of a 1000 million worlds should count them during a 1100 kalpas, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- この意味で、寺や各家々で行われる仏事は、その故人のためだけではなく、縁ある者すべてに向けての回向する。
- In this sense, a Buddhist rite held in a temple or each household has eko not only for the deceased, but for all the people involved.
- カトリックのフランシス・アリンゼら、世界の七大宗教の指導者24人が比叡山に集い、世界の平和を祈願した。
- 24 leaders from the seven biggest religions all over the world including Francis Arinze from the Catholic church gathered at Mt. Hiei, and prayed for the world peace.
- 感応道交(かんのうどうこう)とは、仏と人間の気持ち、また教える者と教えられる者の気持ちが通じ合うこと。
- Kannodoko means connections between a Buddha and a human being, or between a teacher and a learner.
- 『日本現報善悪霊異記』では仏教の教えに背く行為をした者が報いを受けたという話がいくつか採録されている。
- In the 'Nihon genho zenaku ryoiki' (set of three books of Buddhist stories, written in the late 8th and early 9th century, usually referred to as the Nihon Ryoiki) there are some stories about a person who violated the teachings of Buddhism and got his deserts.
- 大自在天は喜び不思議がり「この夜叉は何者なのでしょうか?」と尋ねると、仏陀は「諸仏の主である」と答えた。
- When Daijizaiten was pleased and wondered, 'Who is this Yasha?' Buddha replied that he was 'the master of Buddhas.'
- そこで、明智光秀は八木城の城兵に内通謀反を工作し、これに応じる者があり、城内の本丸、二の丸に火を放った。
- Mitsuhide AKECHI attempted to solicit someone as a betrayer within Yagi-jo Castle, and the person who accepted his offer set a fire in the honmaru (main compound) and the ninomaru (secondary compound) of Yagi-jo Castle.
- その後、忠実は没収した藤氏長者を寵愛する次男の藤原頼長に与えて東三条殿を新たな居宅として与えたのである。
- After that, Tadazane gave FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, his second son he so loved, the right to become Toshi Choja, and also gave Yorinaga Higashi Sanjo-dono's Residence as his residence.
- 村掟を破った者への制裁も予め決められており、多くは米や銀による科料の支払い+盗伐分の返還が科されていた。
- The penalty for people that violated the Muraokite were also determined, and in many of the cases, the violator was obliged to pay fines in silver plus the value corresponding to the volume he stole.
- なおアンドロニクは、帰国後ボリシェビキ政権によって生き埋めにされ銃殺され、のちに致命者として列聖された。
- After returning, Andronik was buried alive and shot death by the Bolshevik regime, and he was later canonized as a martyr.
- 延喜21年(921年)10月27日、東寺長者観賢の奏上により、醍醐天皇から「弘法大師」の諡号が贈られた。
- On December 4, 921, shigo (posthumous name) of Kobo Daishi was granted by Emperor Daigo, corresponding to a report to the emperor from Kangen, To-ji choja (the chief abbot of To-ji Temple).
- 寛文5年(1665年)兄・香川正経は、岩国出身の儒学者宇都宮三近に依頼し、「陰徳記序」を執筆させている。
- In 1665, his elder brother Masatsune (正経) asked Sakon UTSUNOMIYA (宇都宮三近), a Confucian scholar from Iwakuni to write 'Intoku-ki no jo' (preface of the Intoku-ki).
- ほとんどの宿坊では、宿泊者に対して朝のお勤めとして住職の講話などを行っているが任意参加の形式の所が多い。
- In most shukubo, its chief priest lectures to the people who have lodged as a morning religious service, but in most places it takes the form of voluntary participation.
- 1100年(康和2年)興福寺寺務、1106年(嘉承元年)東寺長者、1110年(天永元年)権僧正に至った。
- In 1100, he became Jimu (temple manager) of Kofuku-ji Temple, and in 1106, To-ji choja (the chief abbot of To-ji Temple) and in 1110, Gon no sojo (a highest ranking priest, next to a sojo).
- そういった答えに至る過程に禅の極意が含まれているとし、修行者を正しい悟りに導くための工夫の一つとされる。
- It is said that the secret of Zen is included in such a process to reach an answer and that koan is one of the devices to lead a practitioner to enlightenment.
- チベット死者の書によれば,(大日如来、阿閦如来、宝生如来に続いて)死後の4日目に魂の救済に現れるとされる。
- According to the Tibetan Book of the Dead, he appears for the relief of the soul four days after death (next to Dainichinyorai, Ashukunyorai and Hoshonyorai).
- 阿羅漢 (あらかん、サンスクリット:arhat)は、仏教において、尊敬や施しを受けるに相応しい聖者のこと。
- Arakan (arhat in Sanskrit) is a saint in Buddhism who is eligible to receive respect and charity.
- なお、上人の称号は、法主の許可により、能化をはじめ、法主経験者以外の者にも贈与または追贈されることがある。
- The respective title of Jonin (Saint) can be donated or given to as conferring court rank posthumously to noge or former hoshu, after getting the approval of hoshu.
- 「仲秋祭」という名に改称されているものの、マスコミや観光客に限らず氏神など関係者も「放生会」と呼んでいる。
- The name of the ceremony has been changed to 'Chushu-sai' (Mid-autumn Festival) but is referred to as 'Hojoe' by all involved with the exceptions of the media and tourists.
- したがって、同一の行動形態であっても、出家者としての風格を備えていない者は、在家信者から供養されなかった。
- As a result, even though they had similar activities, those that did not possess personality as monks could not receive offerings from lay believers.
- 『法句経』には、バラモンが托鉢に来た釈迦に論戦を挑んで逆に感化され、在家信者となった逸話が収録されている。
- In 'Hokkukyo Sutra' (Words of Truth, Dhammapada), an anecdote is recorded that Brahman (priest of Hinduism, members of the highest caste) challenged Shaka to a debate, who was practicing takuhatsu, and instead, was influenced by Shaka to be a lay believer.
- ただし川から汲んだ水に氷を入れたものであったため、衛生面の問題により高齢者の場合は腹をこわす事がよくある。
- However, since the water to which ice was added was taken from a river, elderly persons who drank such water would often experience stomach upset.
- ただし、このような分類は特に定められたものではなく、研究者や学者によっては、特殊な呼び方をする場合もある。
- However, these categories are not necessarily official ones and some researchers and scholars may sometimes use unique expressions.
- 原文…設我得佛 國中人天 欲得衣服 隨念即至 如佛所讚 應法妙服 自然在身 若有裁縫 擣染浣濯者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the humans and devas in my land should not obtain clothing, as soon as they so desire, and if the fine robes as prescribed and praised by the Buddhas should not instantaneously become available to them, and if these clothes should need sewing, bleaching, dyeing or washing, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 原文…設我得佛 十方無量 不可思議 諸佛世界 衆生之類 聞我名字 不得菩薩 無生法忍 諸深總持者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the sentient beings in the immeasurable and inconceivable Buddha-lands of the ten quarters who have heard my name should not gain the Bodhisattva's insight into the non-arising of all Dharmas and should not acquire various profound dharanis, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- また立川飛行機の庶務課より丑寅の方角を警戒するようにと示されたので、関係者に注意し消化設備に万全を期した。
- He gave a warning to General Affairs Division of Tachikawa Aircraft to be on guard in the direction of northeast and instructed those concerned to carefully set up fire-extinguishing equipment.
- 親鸞会では釈迦は「一切衆生必堕無間」と説き、真実信心を得ていない者は死んだら無間地獄に堕ちると説いている。
- Shinrankai preaches that Shaka says 'Issai Shujo (all creatures) are destined to go to Muken (the Avici hell),' indicating that people without true faith will go to Mukenjigoku after death.
- 日本では、しだいに供養(追善供養)のことを指すようになり、その後一般的に死者を弔う儀式をさすようになった。
- In Japan, it gradually started to refer to kuyo (tsuizen kuyo: a memorial service for the repose of someone's soul), and later, it came to refer to a ceremony to mourn for the dead in general.
- 当時における仏教学者のエキスパートとされ、1891年には日本で初めての仏教通史となる「佛教小史」を著した。
- He was regarded as an expert of Buddhist Studies at that time, and in 1891, he wrote 'Bukkyo Shoshi' (Brief History of Buddhism), which was the first complete history book on Buddhism in Japan.
- それゆえ、燈籠の1面に「上 ○○」のように寄進者の名を記すことも一般的である(「上」は「献上する」の意)。
- Therefore, the dedicator's name is commonly written on a paper of bon toro, in the manner of 'jo from -- ' ('jo' is the abbreviation of the Japanese word 'kenjo,' which means 'dedication').
- 南宋でも、『嘉泰普灯録』の編者、雷庵正受らが活躍したが、宗勢は振るわず、南宋末には系統が途絶えてしまった。
- In the Southern Sung period, Raian Shoju, an editor of 'Katai Futo Roku' (the Chia-t'ai Comprehensive Record of the Lamp), and others flourished, but it had a small influence and finally disappeared at the end of the Southern Sung period.
- 信者数約694万人は浄土真宗(真宗)の各宗派中最大であり、また、仏教系の宗教法人の中でも最大数を誇っている。
- The believers number approximately 6,940,000, which is the largest among Jodo Shinshu sects (Shinshu sects) and among Buddhist religious corporations as well.
- 道隆の死後、東三条院が全てを所有していたが、死にあたって自らが後見して政界の実力者にした弟の道長に譲渡した。
- After Michitaka's death, Higashi Sanjoin owned all of the properties, but when she was going to die, she trasferred them to Michinaga, her brother, whom she helped, as his guardian, to become a powerful man in politics.
- 絵図によれば、御土居の出入口には何の障害物もなく、当時の城郭で用いられたような侵入者を防ぐ構造が見られない。
- A picture map of Odoi shows no obstructions at any entrances of Odoi and no structures to repel intruders which were usually used for castles at that time.
- アパート(apart)とは、建物の内部を複数に区切り、それぞれを独立した住居として居住者に賃貸する集合住宅。
- Apart' is a collective housing building, whose inner space is divided into multiple pieces and each one of them is destined as an independent house for rent.
- 真言宗の伝承では空海の誕生日を6月15日とするが、これは中国密教の大成者である不空金剛三蔵の入滅の日である。
- According to a tradition in the Shingon sect, his birth date is June 15, but it corresponds to the day when Fuku Kongo Sanzo, who established Esoteric Buddhism in China, died.
- ただし、参加者は前回の参加者が主であり記録もほとんどない事から短期間のうちに再度中断されたと考えられている。
- However, since the main members of the participants were the members of the first period of Kangakue and there are almost no records left concerning this period of Kangakue, it is believed that it was suspended again in a short period of time.
- 現代日本語で書かれた解釈書としては非常に評価の高いものであり、異なる宗派の僧侶や仏教学者からも評価されている。
- It is considered very highly among the commentaries written in modern Japanese, and it receives high praise from scholars and priests of other sects.
- 法師武者あるいは武装した僧侶を僧衆、悪僧と同時代でいうが、それを江戸時代以降の「僧兵」と呼称したことばである。
- Hoshi-musha or armed priests were called Soshu or Akuso in the era when they were active but since the Edo period, they have been called 'Sohei.'
- 中国の天台宗は、隋の智ギ(ちぎ)(538年-597年、天台智者大師)を実質的な開祖とする大乗仏教の宗派である。
- Chinese Tendai Sect is a sect of Mahayana Buddhism, and its eventual founder was Chigi (538 - 597, Tendai Chisha Daishi) who was active in the Sui period.
- 仁寛(にんかん、生年不詳 – 1114年(永久 (元号)2年))は、立川流 (密教)の創始者とされる僧である。
- Ninkan (birth date unknown - 1114) was the founder of the Tachikawa School (Esoteric Buddhism).
- 時代が降ると、大寺の中に小庵を結びそこに住する者が現れるようになったが、それは一禅僧の一代限りの措置であった。
- As time passed and small temples were built within the grounds of larger temples, these became inhabited but these were limited to a single Zen monk per building.
- 蔵王権現は、役小角(えんのおづぬ、7世紀頃の山岳修験行者)が、吉野の金峯山で修業中に示現したという伝承がある。
- There is a tradition that EN no Ozunu (practitioners of Shugen-do (Japanese mountain asceticism-shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhist concepts) around the seventh centuries) transformed to Zao Gongen during ascetic training at Mt. Kinpu in Yoshino.
- 穴太衆(あのうしゅう)は、織豊時代(安土桃山時代)に活躍した、主に寺院や城郭などの石垣施工を行った技術者集団。
- The Ano-shu Guild is a group of craftspeople who installed stone walls, mainly of temples and castles during the Shokuho era (Azuchi-Momoyama Period).
- ロレンソ了斎とはルイス・フロイスの弟子で、九州から京都にかけて獲得した信者は6千人にものぼったと言われている。
- Lorenzo RYOSAI was a disciple of Luis Frois, and he was said to have converted as many as 6,000 people to Christianity from Kyushu to Kyoto.
- その像手に五色の布をかけて後ろに垂らしたのを、背後に横臥した病者に持たせて往生を願わせる、というものであった。
- On the hand of the statue, a five-color cloth is draped to the back, with the end of the cloth held by the lying sick person for him or her to pray for birth in the Pure Land.
- 徳富蘇峰主宰の碧巌会の講師をつとめ、政・財界、夏目漱石居士ら知識人への講義・指導を通じて多くの信奉者をもった。
- He was a lecturer at Hekigan-kai organized by Soho TOKUTOMI, and had many followers through lectures and instructions for the political and financial circles as well as for intellectuals including Soseki NATSUME as a Buddhist layman.
- 9世紀になると、プレステビリの前に聖職者聖歌隊席が設けられ、この空間と側廊、周歩廊、祭室も含めて内陣とされる。
- In the ninth century, the clergy and choir stalls were arranged in front of the presbytery, so that the naijin included that choir space, aisles, ambulatory corridors, and apsidal chapels.
- また『日女御前御返事』で「今日本国の者去年今年の疫病と、去正嘉の疫病とは人王始まりて九十余代に並なき疫病なり。
- In addition, he also describes in 'Nichinyo gozen gohenji' (Reply to Nichinyo Gozen) as 'The plagues of last year and this year and the one in the last Shoka era in Japan were the worst in ninety generations of the emperor.
- ついで江戸時代末期に安芸国(現在岡山県)の医者難波抱節の邸宅を手に入れ、妙覚寺 (岡山市)を創建し本山とした。
- He obtained the residence of a doctor, Hosetsu NANBA of Aki Province (today's Okayama Prefecture) in the end of Edo period, converted it and built Myokaku-ji Temple (Okayama City), and made it the head temple.
- こうした問題意識から、思考癖のある聡い修行者に坐禅を実践させるために、禅師たちが考え出した方法が公案禅である。
- Koanzen is a method which was produced by Zen masters in order to make the practitioners who tended to think practice mediation caused by these problems.
- これに対して、他宗の信者からすれば、一般的な追善供養(盂蘭盆会の施餓鬼など)を門徒は知らないということになる。
- From the viewpoint of other sects' believers, however, such a practice is proof that monto do not know about ordinary Buddhist memorial services (such as Segaki (hungry ghosts' feeding rites) at the Urabon-e festival (a Festival of the Dead or Buddhist All Soul's Day, around the 15th of July or August, depending on local customs)).
- 僧堂(そうどう)は仏教の寺院内にある建物の1つで、修行者(僧侶)が集団生活を行いながら仏道修行に励む場である。
- A so-do hall is a temple building dedicated to the communal living of practitioners (monks) and the promotion of ascetic practices.
- また修験者は、半僧半俗の修行者であるが、その場合でも、修行中は少なくとも不淫戒を守る必要がある(八斎戒の一つ)。
- Moreover, the mountaineering ascetic, who is a practitioner of austerities as half priest and half layman, also needs to keep at least fuin-kai during unobstructed cultivation (one of the hassai-kai, or eight precepts).
- この時、編纂の責任者であり、『高麗国新雕大蔵経校正別録』を撰した守其が、契丹版によって初雕本の誤りを改めている。
- At this time, Shuso (Moriso, 守其), who was responsible for this edition and edited 'Korai New Tripitaka Revision Record (高麗国新雕大蔵経校正別録),' revised the first edition by referring to the Kitai edition.
- これらが慣例化してやがて、「門跡」自体が「貴族」出身者によって継承される特定の院家・寺院を指す称号へと変化した。
- This became a custom, and soon 'Monzeki' itself was changed to mean the title of the specific temples to which people from the 'nobility' succeeded.
- 門弟は、高野聖など中世以降に広まった民間浄土教行者「念仏聖」の先駆となり、鎌倉時代の一遍にも大きな影響を与えた。
- His disciples became pioneers of 'Nenbutsu-hijiri,' such as Koya-hijiri, who as practitioners of Jodo-kyo caused it to become widespread among the people after the medieval times, and this had a great influence on Ippen during the Kamakura period.
- 「一休 乱世に生きた禅者」(市川白弦著.--東京日本放送出版協会,1970年12月--(NHKブックス132))
- 'Ikyuu: A Zen Monk in Troubled Times' (Hakugen ICHIKAWA, NHK Publishing, December 1970 – (NHK Books 132))
- 日蓮の一切の法の継承者であること(総付嘱書)と、身延山久遠寺の住職であると定めた(別付嘱書)とされる書状のこと。
- They are regarded as documents that approved Nikko as the successor of each and every teaching by Nichiren (So-fuzokusho (total document for entrustment)) and decided Nikko as the chief priest of Kuon-ji Temple on Mt. Minobu (Betsu-fuzokusho).
- 釈尊五十余年之説教、白蓮日興に之れを付属す、身延山久遠寺の別当為る可し、背く在家出家共の輩は非法の衆為る可き者也
- Fifty years of Shakyamuni's preaching is entrusted to Byakuren Nikko, he should become the betto of Kuon-ji Temple on Mt. Minobu, and lay believers and monks who are against this should be regarded as those that are against Buddhist teachings.
- 落ち延びる最中に、散り散りとなって自害する者も出て、内藤正勝は鴻ヶ獄城に入城したが、ここで没したと思われている。
- While fleeing to Hatta-jo Castle, some soldiers were separated from his army and killed themselves, and Masakatsu NAITO entered Kogadake-jo Castle, where he is thought to have died.
- これらは外国から技師・技術者が来て建設したものもあるが、日本人の職人にデザインなどを指示して建設したものもある。
- Some of them were built by foreign engineers who came to Japan, but there are others that were built by Japanese craftsmen based on designs taught by foreign engineers.
- 観覧車とメリーゴーラウンド、忍者屋敷などからなり、開業当時は滋賀県最大の遊園地として県内外からの客でにぎわった。
- The park included a ferris wheel, a merry-go-round, a Ninja house and the like, and at the time it opened, it attracted visitors from Shiga Prefecture and other prefectures as the largest amusement park in the prefecture.
- 原文…設我得佛 他方國土 諸菩薩衆 聞我名字 不即得至 第一第二第三法忍 於諸佛法 不能即得 不退轉者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in the lands of the other quarters who hear my name should not instantly gain the first, second and third insights into the nature of Dharmas and firmly abide in the truths realized by all the Buddhas, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- そのため師家が修行者に面と向かって臨機応変に指導する以外には、言葉を使わずに直に本性を指し示す道であるとされる。
- Therefore, it is regarded as the true way to show the nature directly without using words except for the direct teaching from a master to a practitioner of austerities on a case-by-case basis.
- 深く正しく坐禅する者は早く、しなければ遅いという意味の一連の喝は、学習よりも坐禅の実践を強調する表現手法である。
- A set of katsu in the sense that a person who does mediation deeply and rightly can reach enlightenment early and a person who does not do it can reach it late, is a way of expression to strengthen the practice of mediation rather than studying.
- 彼は時として“死”と同一視される向きもあったが、死者の楽園の王、死んで天界にある祖先を支配する神と考えられていた。
- Sometimes he was identified with 'death,' but generally he was perceived as the king of the paradise of the dead or the deity that dominates ancestors residing in the universe after death.
- 他にも、横須賀市法照寺では創価学会信者が2度にわたって放火及び失火の罪で現行犯逮捕されるなど、刑法事件も頻発した。
- Another thing was that Soka Gakkai believers caused criminal incidents, and they were arrested twice at Hosho-ji Temple in Yokosuka City when they were caught in the act of starting or causing fires.
- 釈迦仏の十大弟子で多聞第一と称される阿難尊者が、静かな場所で坐禅瞑想していると、焔口(えんく)という餓鬼が現れた。
- When the honorable priest Anan, who was one of the Judai deshi and was called the top ability of Tamon (to hear lots of sutras and to keep good behavior), was practicing meditation at a quite place, a hungry ghost named Enku appeared.
- 隠元が入った興福寺には、明禅の新風と隠元の高徳を慕う具眼の僧や学者たちが雲集し、僧俗数千とも謂われる活況を呈した。
- A number of intelligent monks and scholars were attracted by Ingen's high virtue and the new Zen Buddhism of Ming to gather around Kofuku-ji Temple where Ingen first lived, and the temple is said to have been very active and was flocked to by several thousand monks and believers.
- しかしながら、回向による功徳の振り分けは、全体を七等分して、生者が六分、亡者には一分が割り振られると説かれている。
- However, it preached that six sevenths of good deeds brought through Eko (Buddhist memorial service, prayers for the repose of the soul) are allocated to living people, while one seventh is to the dead.
- 1632年、将軍徳川秀忠の死により大赦令が出され、天海や柳生宗矩の尽力により、紫衣事件に連座した者たちは許された。
- In 1632, the Ordinance of Amnesty was issued when Shogun Hidetada TOKUGAWA passed away and those priests who had been involved in the Shie Incident were pardoned thanks to the efforts of Tenkai and Munenori YAGYU.
- これにも多くの種類があり、本地仏のみを表現したもの、垂迹神のみを表現したもの、両者がともに登場するものなどがある。
- There also are many kinds of Suijaku Mandala works such as those expressing only Honjibutsu, those expressing only Suijakushin and those expressing both.
- 明治30年代、京都鉄道会社(現在の山陰本線)の創設者で貴族院議員である田中源太郎が自らの生家を改築したものである。
- In around 1897 to 1906, Gentaro TANAKA, who was the founder of the Kyoto railway company (present Sanin Main Line) and a member of Kizokuin (the upper house of the Imperial Diet under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan), reformed the house where he was born into the present form.
- この真北は単なる偶然ではなく、ヤマト王権の中に被葬者の頭を真北に向けて埋葬する風習があったらしいと考えられている。
- This true north does not mean a simple coincidence, because it is thought that in the Yamato Dynasty there was probably a custom of burying the deceased with his or her head pointing to true north.
- しかしこのような誘惑に対抗するため、神は死にゆく者のためにあらかじめ天国を経験させ、罪の償いを約束するものとした。
- However, to fight such temptation, the God lets dying persons experience Heaven in advance and promises to atone for their sins.
- 原文…設我得佛 十方無量 不可思議 諸佛世界 諸菩薩衆 聞我名字 壽終之後 常修梵行 至成佛道 若不爾者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in the immeasurable and inconceivable Buddha-lands of the ten quarters who have heard my name, should not, after their passing, always perform sacred practices until they reach Buddhahood, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 原文…設我得佛 國土清淨 皆悉照見 十方一切 無量無數 不可思議 諸佛世界 猶如明鏡 覩其面像 若不爾者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, my land should not be resplendent, revealing in its light all the immeasurable, innumerable and inconceivable Buddha-lands, like images reflected in a clear mirror, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 原文…設我得佛 十方衆生 發菩提心 修諸功德 至心發願 欲生我國 臨壽終時 假令不與大衆圍繞 現其人前者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the sentient beings in the lands of the ten quarters who aspire for enlightenment, doing good deeds and sincerely wishing to be born in my land, should not, at their death, see me appear before them surrounded by many holy men, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 翌1710年(宝永7年)上洛して、歌道を公家の武者小路実陰に学び、実陰の歌論を書き取って「詞林拾集」と著している。
- In the following year in 1710, he moved to Kyoto to study the art of waka poetry with an aristocrat called Sanekage MUSHANOKOJI, whose theory on poetry he recorded as 'Shirin shushu' (Treatise on Waka Poetry).
- 1722年には西本願寺の別院から、隠し念仏の信者をみつけたら、正しい教えに改めさせるようにとの掟が各寺に出された。
- In 1722, the branch temple of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple issued an order that every temple under its control should make kakushi nenbutsu believers convert their beliefs any time they are found.
- 一般的に“罰”(ばつ)とは、ある定めに従わない行為がなされた場合に、その行為をした者に対して苦を与えることをいう。
- In general, the term 'punishment' refers to forcing hardship on a person who does not obey certain rules.
- その装束は古代インドの奴隷ないし従者の姿を基にしたものとされ、修行者に付き従いこれを守る存在であることを表している。
- It is said that its costume was based on a figure of slave or follower in ancient India so that it shows that it is a person who follows a disciplinant and guards him.
- ただし、梵鐘は単に時報として撞かれたものではなく、その響きを聴く者は一切の苦から逃れ、悟りに至る功徳があるとされる。
- However, the Bonsho was not rung simply to indicate time, but listening to the resonance allows the listener to escape all suffering and attain enlightenment.
- 八角墳の意味については、広い意味での中国政治思想の八角形が天下八方の支配者にふさわしいという思想の影響が考えられる。
- The octagonal tumuli are considered to have been made based on the idea that the octagon suits a king who shows his ruling power in eight (all) directions of the world, which came from Chinese political philosophy in general.
- このように天然の物を保管するしかない時代、夏場の氷は貴重品であり、永らく朝廷や将軍家など一部の権力者のものであった。
- During an age when only natural ice was available, only those in power, such as the imperial court and shogun families could use ice during the summer because it was valuable.
- まずは箸墓古墳の被葬者を卑弥呼と考え、台与らその次世代の王を西殿塚古墳の被葬者と考えるものである(白石 1999)。
- First, by presuming that the deceased person in Hashihaka-kofun Tumulus was Himiko (first known ruler of Japan), the deceased person in Nishitonotsuka-kofun Tumulus could be the next king such as Toyo (a relative and a successor of Himiko) (by Shiraishi, 1999).
- 折口信夫も付近の友人宅に滞在し、村人の誇り高さに感銘を受けると共に、被葬者の推定を行っているが、結論は出していない。
- Although a Japanese literature/folklorist, Nobuo ORIKUCHI, also tried to specify the buried figure through his own research during the stay at his friends house located near the tumulus, he did not reach the conclusion; however, he was deeply moved by the villagers taking pride of the tumulus as he conducted hearing with them.
- これに対して西ヨーロッパでは、中世末期に『往生術』として知られる文献が書かれ、臨終を迎える者のための心得が説かれた。
- On the other hand, in Western Europe, the book known as 'Ars moriendi,' written in the late medieval period, explains what a person who is going to go through rinju needs to know.
- その後は川原寺別当・権律師・東寺長者・醍醐寺座主・金剛峯寺検校を歴任し、延長元年(923年)には権僧正に任じられた。
- After successively holding the positions of betto of Kawara-dera Temple, Gon no Risshi (generally in Shingon sect, 15th-ranking Buddhist priest, literally, 'supernumerary master of discipline'), To-ji choja (the chief abbot of To-ji Temple), zasu (a head priest) of Daigo-ji Temple, and kengyo (temple administrator) of Kongobu-ji Temple, Kangen was appointed in 923 as Gon no Sojo (the provisional lower priest in the highest position).
- 宣阿は「陰徳太平記」の著者として有名であるが、その原典である「陰徳記」は宣阿の父、香川正矩が執筆していたものである。
- Although Sena is famous as the author of 'Intoku-taiheiki,' its original 'Intoku-ki' (the war chronicle of the Sengoku Period in the Chugoku region) was written by Sena's father Masanori KAGAWA.
- 主な参加者は慶滋保胤・藤原在国(後の藤原有国)・橘倚平・高階積善ら紀伝学生らで延暦寺側の参加者については不明である。
- The main participants from the students of Kidendo were YOSHISHIGE no Yasutane, FUJIWARA no Arikuni (藤原在国, later FUJIWARA no Arikuni (藤原有国)), TACHIBANA no Yorihira, and TAKASHINA no Moriyoshi, but the participants from Enryaku-ji Temple are unknown.
- 1947年(昭和22年)に芸術院の会員となり、62年天台宗大僧正、1967年〈昭和42年)には文化功労者に選ばれた。
- He became a member of The Japan Art Academy in 1947, and was selected to be a Daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order) of the Tendai sect in 1962 and a Bunkakorosha (Person of Cultural Merits) in 1967.
- しかし上述したように、仏罰とは仏の悟った真理に背いたために自然に蒙る罰のことであり、仏や第三者が与えるものではない。
- But as mentioned above, Butsubachi is a punishment naturally given for violating the truth enlightened by Buddha, and is not given by Buddha or others.
- 第十一願の往生浄土する者を必ず成仏せしめるという誓いの後の第十二・十三願であるから、往生浄土したものに具わるべき徳。
- Vows 12 and 13 come after Vow 11, which vows to unfailingly have anyone who dies a peaceful death in the Pure Land become a Buddha, and thus it refers to the virtue they should possess.
- 永平寺では料理を支度することが重要な修業の一つであり、庫院(調理場)の責任者である典座は、重役の一員に数えられている。
- At Eihei-ji Temple, preparing meals is one important part of ascetic training and Tenza, a chef responsible for Kuin (Kitchen), is a member of the senior monks.
- 寺院仏閣の中には、参拝者を宿坊に泊め、精進料理を提供して仏門の修行の一端を体験させることをしているところも少なくない。
- There are quite a few Buddhist temples that lodge worshippers in the Shukubo (priest's quarters) and provide Shojin ryori with the aim of having them experience a part of the ascetic training of Buddhism.
- 菩薩(ぼさつ、bodhisattva(sanskrit))は、仏教において、成仏を求める(如来に成ろうとする)修行者。
- Bosatsu, or Bodhisattva (in Sanskrit) is a disciplinant who wants to become Buddha (tries to become Nyorai) in Buddhism.
- また、夜中の役寮点検(責任者の山内巡視)は懐奘と行き当たる事のないよう、子の刻(午前0時)を外して行われているという。
- Also, inspection of yakuryo (inspection of the temple premises conducted by a responsible monk) is said to be conducted at times other than midnight in order not to meet Ejo.
- 各分派ごとで用語、同解釈がまちまちなのが常の日蓮系仏教において珍しく被害者加害者双方で全く同じ用語、解釈となっている。
- This term is used in the same sense on both sides--victims and assailants--which is rarely seen among Buddhist sects of Nichiren lineage, because they usually use different terms and interpretations.
- 仏具(ぶつぐ)は、仏教の儀式で使用される日用品とは異なる特殊な道具、或いは僧侶などの聖職者が使用する装飾品の事である。
- Buddhist altar fittings are defined as special tools or accessories which are used by clergymen, such as Buddhist monks, on the occasion of Buddhist rituals and they are different from daily necessities.
- 対面所(たいめんじょ)とは、室町時代以後の武家屋敷内に設置された施設で、主従関係にある者との対面儀礼の際に用いられた。
- A taimenjo was a place provided in samurai residences since the Muromachi period, and was used during the meeting ceremony between master and servant.
- 6世紀後半に築造されたと推定されており、研究者の間においては欽明天皇と蘇我堅塩媛の陵墓であるとの説が有力視されている。
- It is presumed to have been constructed in the latter half of the sixth century, and the theory that it is the mausoleum of Kimmei Emperor and Soga no kitashihime is widely accepted among scholars.
- また、この濃尾平野の勢力は、魏志倭人伝に記載のある倭の女王卑弥呼の邪馬台国と闘った狗奴国との関係を想定する学者もいる。
- Some scholars also link the forces in the Nobi Plain with the Kina-koku Kingdom, which fought against the Yamatai-koku Kingdom ruled by Himiko, the queen of Wa-koku (that is, the oldest recorded name for Japan), described in Gishiwajinden (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in 'The History of the Wei Dynasty').
- また、『今昔物語』には高野山が東寺との争いで一時荒廃していた時期、東寺長者であった観賢が霊廟を開いたという記述がある。
- In 'Konjaku Monogatari' (The Tale of Times Now Past), it is described that, in the period when the religious site in Mt. Koya was dilapidated due to a dispute with the To-ji Temple side, Kangen, the To-ji choja at that time, opened the mausoleum.
- それゆえに直日・直堂も、修行者も、両者ともが警策を「与える」・「いただく」前後に合掌低頭し、お互いに感謝の意を表わす。
- Therefore, both of Jikijitsu or jikido and meditators make the gassho (place the palms of the hands together in the position of prayer) and bow their head to show their gratitude each other, before and after the keisaku (kyosaku) is to 'give' and 'receive'.
- 心理学者では京都大学教授・佐藤幸治、信州大学教授・竹内硬、東京大学教授・村瀬孝雄、大阪大学教授・三木善彦らが注目した。
- Psychologists who paid attention to Naikan were: Koji SATO, professor of Kyoto University; Ko TAKEUCHI, professor of Sinshu University; Takao MURASE, professor of Tokyo University; and Yoshihiko MIKI, professor of Osaka University.
- とはいえ参禅が限度を超えて神経衰弱の苦しみにある修行者を見かねた白隠禅師が、その治療方法としての内観の秘法を伝授した。
- However, the Zen master Hakuin worried about the practitioner who did too much mediation and suffered from a nervous breakdown (decrease in positive activity of the brain), and gave the secret of Naikan as a method of healing.
- 1048年(永承3年)東寺長者・法務となり、1059年(康平2年)東大寺に住し、1062年(康平5年)権僧正に至った。
- He was appointed to Homu (director of temple affairs) of To-ji Temple in 1048, resided at Todai-ji Temple in 1059 and was conferred the title of Gon no Sojo (a title of high-ranking monk) in 1062.
- これらの寺院に年分度者(ねんぶんどしゃ)(国家公認の僧侶の養成)を許可され、それぞれの寺院が独立した傾向を持っていった。
- These temples were permitted to be state-sanctioned schools of monks (Nenbundosha) (年分度者), and therefore tended to be independent.
- しかし善鸞は、邪義である「専修賢善」(せんじゅけんぜん)に傾いたともいわれ、正しい念仏者にも異義異端を説き、混乱させた。
- However, Zenran devoted himself to the wrong doctrine called 'Senju kenzen', and he preached the heresy even to the people who had understood Shinran's teachings properly, causing a turmoil.
- そして仏とは久遠の寿命を持つ存在である、というこの奥義を聞いた者は、一念信解・初随喜するだけでも大功徳を得ると説かれる。
- Additionally, it describes that the one who hears this dharma (such as Buddha) is an existence having eternal life but can attain large good deeds only by believing it joyfully (一念信解・初随喜).
- その家臣長尾高景の一族の者が、文和年間(1352年-1355年)に上田荘を領し、上田長尾氏を称して、坂戸山を居城にした。
- Following this, a family member of Takakage NAGAO, a vassal of Noriaki, came to own Ueda-sho Manor between 1352 and 1355, called himself of the UEDA NAGAO clan and used the castle on Sakato-yama Mountain as his base.
- 前者の場合は幕府の役職に就いて京都に赴任する場合があり、京屋敷も幕府の京都支配の中核である二条城の周辺に設置されていた。
- The former had their Kyo-yashiki around the periphery of Nijo-jo Castle, the core of the control of Kyoto by Bakufu, because they lived in Kyoto sometimes as a place for their assignments by Bakufu.
- ドイツのネオ・ゴシックを基調とする建築物で、「印象的な尖塔は同志社大学のシンボル的存在」と同志社大学関係者は考えている。
- It is a German neo-gothic style building, and people relating Doshisha University think that 'its impressive spire is something like a symbol of Doshisha University.'
- This building is based on the German neo-Gothic style, and its unique steeple is considered a symbol of Doshisha University.
- It is a German Neo-Gothic style building, and people in Doshisha University consider that 'the impressive steeple is a symbol of Doshisha University.'
- 2006年にはインター・アクション・カウンシルにオブザーバー参加し世界の宗教指導者、政治家OBに向けて提言を行っている。
- In 2006, he attended the Inter Action Council as an observer and presented his recommendation to the leaders of religion and former heads of government over the world.
- 廃仏毀釈(はいぶつきしゃく、廢佛毀釋)とは仏教寺院・仏像・経巻を破毀し僧尼など出家者が受けていた特権を廃するなどを指す。
- Haibutsu-kishaku (廃仏毀釈 in Chinese characters) means a movement to destroy Buddhist temples, Buddhist statues and Buddhist scriptures as well as to abolish the privileges entitled to Buddhist priests/nuns.
- ところが、現実の釈迦へのイメージが仏弟子の後継者たちからだんだんぼやけて来ると、仏を純粋に「法」として念ずるようになる。
- However, as the image of Shakyamuni gradually becomes vague among Buddhist disciples, they begin to pray to the Buddha purely as 'a principle.'
- 中心に題目の書かれた多宝塔(宝塔)を据え、両脇に祭祀者から見て左右に釈迦牟尼仏と多宝如来を安置し、その下に日蓮像を置く。
- The Tahoto pagoda (also referred to as hoto, a 'multi-treasure' pagoda), on which Nichiren chant is written, is placed at the center, Shakamuni butsu and Taho Nyorai (Prabhuta-ratna) are placed on the left and right of Tahoto viewed from the conductor of rituals, and the Nichiren statue is placed on the lower display shelf.
- 当時は儒学者・国学者の間から仏教批判が起こり、円通は仏教の衰退は天文地理の研究から始まると考え、インドの暦学を修学した。
- At the time, Buddhism was criticized by Confucian scholars and scholars of Japanese classical literature, and Entsu thought that the decline of Buddhism was caused by the development of astro-geography, and thus he mastered the study of the calendar of India.
- 作者について古来慈円と言われてきたが、慈鎮でなく彼の兄の孫である天台僧証月房慶政であることが研究によって明らかになった。
- While it had been said since ancient times that Jien was the author, research has revealed that it was not Jichin (also known as Jien) but a Tendai sect priest Sogetsubo Keisei who was the grandchild of Jien's older brother.
- 大念仏狂言(だいねんぶつきょうげん)とは、融通念仏宗(大念仏)の中興者である円覚上人による念仏の教えを無言劇としたもの。
- Dainenbutsu kyogen, a silent play created from the teachings of the Yuzu Nenbutsu (reciting the name of Amida Buddha) sect (also known as Dainenbutsu), was revived by Enkaku Shonin.
- そのような修行者は、いかなる経典を学ぶとも、悟りというものの共感が得られないために、想像をふくらませて解釈しようとする。
- Such a practitioner, even if he or she studies sutra, tends to interpret it with imagination because he or she can not raise sympathy with enlightenment.
- この後、彼を愛弟子として、また後継者として目していた最澄は再三比叡山に戻るよう促すも、泰範が比叡山に戻ることはなかった。
- Thereafter, Saicho--recognized as Kukai's favorite pupil, and groomed as his successor--tried to press Taihan into returning over and over to Mt. Hiei, but Taihan did not in fact return.
- 解釈書も大量に出版されており、中には般若心経の原意を取り違えたものさえあり、仏教学者が警鐘を鳴らしているような状態である。
- Although numerous commentaries have been published, some of them make the mistake of interpreting the original intension of Hannya Shingyo, so that Buddhist scholars sound the alarm.
- 最高の悟りを得た仏弟子は阿羅漢(アラカン 如来十号の一)と呼ばれ、仏である釈迦の教法によって解脱した聖者と位置づけられた。
- The disciple who achieved supreme enlightenment was called Arakan, and he was positioned as a saint who was delivered from earthly bondage by the sermons of Shaka as Buddha.
- この神が仏教に取り入れられ、大日如来が化身した大黒天によって調伏されて、死者の心臓であれば食べることを許可されたとされた。
- This goddess was introduced into Buddhism, and it was supposed that she had been exorcised by Daikokuten (the god of Wealth), that is, the incarnation of Dainichi Nyorai (Cosmic Buddha), and then permitted to eat human hearts, if dead.
- 当初は村上源氏でも嫡流とされた久我家・中院家から源氏長者が出され、稀に人がいないとの理由でその庶流から出される例があった。
- Initially, the Genji choja post was filled by people from the Koga family and the Nakanoin family, as these were Murakami-Genji's main branches, though there were cases in which these posts were taken by members of branches of the Koba or Nakanoin families.
- この状態(自主管理の逸脱、商業主義と見まがう入場者数)を問題と感じた西連協のスタッフが、プロモーターに公演の中止を求めた.
- Staff of Sei Ren Kyo, who regarded this condition (deviation of self control, such attendance considered as commercialism) as a problem, asked the promoter to cancel the performance.
- 明治時代に洋風の住宅(西洋館)に住むのは、政治家、実業家などごく限られた階層の一部の者であり、ほとんどは和風住宅であった。
- In the Meiji period, only a small number of persons in limited social classes, such as politicians and successful businessmen, lived in western style houses, and most people lived in traditional Japanese style houses.
- 昭和中期より活躍している漫画家には、当時の漫画はあまり儲からなかったため、下宿やアパート生活経験者も少なからずいるようだ。
- Many cartoonists who flourished since the mid-Showa period may have had experience living in a lodging house or an 'apart' at some point in the past, because being a comic artist was not a profitable business at that time.
- 書道の面から見ると、江戸時代に国学者高橋道斎によってその価値を全国に紹介され、その後多くの文人、墨客が多胡碑を訪れている。
- In a calligraphic aspect, since Dosai TAKAHASHI, a Japanese classical scholar in the Edo period introduced its value, many writers and artists have visited Tago hi.
- 「尤下より申上候義、何事ニ不依、公事訴訟之義ハ当人又は町年寄江改相談、相済候義ハ埒明、滞申義者御役迄申上候義ニ而勤来候。」
- With respect to the bottom-to-top communication, there are no restrictions on the subject matter to be brought up and, as to the affairs in relation to taxes, lawsuits and petitions, we have first sufficiently discussed the issue with the party concerned as well as machi-doshiyori but, if no solution was reached, we have then presented the matter to the government officials.'
- これにより皇極天皇は同月14日に退位し、事件の真の首謀者と目される軽皇子(かるのみこ)が即位することとなった(孝徳天皇)。
- Due to this, Empress Kogyoku abdicated the throne on the 15 of the same month and it was decided that Prince Karu who was regarded as the real leader of the coups ascend the throne (Emperor Kotoku).
- 結果、供物する対象が死者(霊)にではなく、仏に向ける事となり、表書きを「御霊前」とはせずに、臨終の時より「御佛前」とする。
- In conclusion, the recipient of koden is not the deceased (spirit) but Buddha and therefore, 'gobutsuzen,' not 'goreizen,' is used from the day of one's death.
- なお、浄土真宗の中陰中の法要は、近親者が亡くなる事によって、生死(しょうじ)の意味をより深く考え法にふれる為の法要である。
- In Jodo Shinshu Sect, the purpose of the Buddhist memorial service during the chuin period is to get attendants to deeply contemplate the meaning of life and death as well as the teachings of Buddha taking the opportunity of their close relative's death.
- というのも、当時の貴族社会は藤原氏が主要な地位を独占しており、他の氏族の者はごくわずかな出世の機会を心静かに待つしかなく、
- At that time, the majority of important positions in aristocratic society were taken by the Fujiwara clan, hence members of other clans had to wait quietly for their slight chance of getting promoted.
- しかし後に黄色い衣を着て頭に冠を被り、手に捕縄を持ち、それによって死者の霊魂を縛り、自らの住処・国に連行されると考えられた。
- Later, it was believed that he wore yellow vesture and a wreath on his head, held a rope for arrest, bound the soul of the dead with this rope and brought them to the place where he resided.
- テルマ(埋蔵経典)の出現は、中世以来、現代に至るまで継続しており、他の宗派からは、発掘者による創作だと見なされることが多い。
- The discovery of gter-ma (hiding Buddhist sutras) has continued since the medieval period, but it is often considered as fiction by persons involved in excavation from other sects.
- そして、徳川家康が江戸幕府を開いた際に源氏長者と淳和院・奨学院別当を兼務して以後、以後歴代の将軍に引き継がれることになった。
- When Ieyasu TOKUGAWA established the Edo bakufu, he took the posts of the family head of the Minamoto clan and Junnain Betto and Shogakuin Betto, and after that successive Shoguns continued to take the posts.
- 見瀬丸山古墳の被葬者が欽明天皇と堅塩媛でない場合、古墳の築造時期から考えて、被葬者候補としては蘇我稲目の名も挙げられている。
- If the deceased persons of Misemaruyama Kofun are not Emperor Kimmei and Kitashi hime, the next candidate will be Soga no iname in view of the time when it was constructed.
- これまでの研究成果および古墳の規模から、研究者の間では欽明天皇と蘇我堅塩媛の陵墓であるとの説が有力視されるようになっている。
- Study results to date and the size of the kofun have been making the theory widely accepted by scholars that this kofun is the mausoleum of Emperor Kimmei and Soga no kitashi hime.
- 北山十八間戸(きたやまじゅうはちけんと)は鎌倉時代に奈良きたまちにつくられたハンセン病などの重病者を保護・救済した福祉施設。
- Kitayama Juhachi Kento was a welfare facility that was constructed in Nara Kitamachi in the Kamakura period for protecting and aiding persons in serious illness, such as Hansen's disease.
- 初期の伝道には伝教者パワェル中小路・伝教者キリル笹葉政吉が大阪正教会の管轄司祭イオアン小野荘五郎の臨時管轄下のもと当たった。
- Catechist Pawaeru NAKAKOJI and Catechist Masayoshi Kirill SASABA were engaged in the initial missionary work under the temporary supervision of John Sogoro ONO, the presiding priest of the Osaka Orthodox Church.
- 音楽的才能に恵まれ、同門の住蓮とともに六時礼讃に曲節をつけて念仏の信者たちに合唱させ、専修念仏の普及に大きな役割を果たした。
- Blessed with musical talent, he had followers of the nenbutsu chant the Rokuji raisan in a chorus to a tune he had written with his fellow priest Juren, and thus he played a vital role in spreading Senju Nenbutsu (the Single-Minded Recitation of the Nenbutsu).
- 原文…設我得佛 國中菩薩 隨意欲見 十方無量 嚴淨佛土 應時如願 於寶樹中 皆悉照見 猶如明鏡 覩其面像 若不爾者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in my land who wish to see the immeasurable glorious Buddha-lands of the 10 quarters should be unable to view all of them reflected in the jeweled trees, just as one sees the reflection of his face in a clear mirror, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 坊官(ぼうかん・房官)とは、平安時代以後に寺院の最高指導者(別当・三綱)などの家政を担当した機関及びそこに属した僧侶のこと。
- Bokan is an organization which was in charge of the household management of the supreme leader of a temple (betto [administrator of a Buddhist temple] or sango [three monastic positions with management roles at a temple]) and so on, or the monks who belonged to such an organization in and after the Heian period.
- だが、これらの行事に世俗からの参加者は見られず、平安時代の勧学会とは無関係あるいは極めて希薄なものであったと考えられている。
- However in these events, participants from the common people can't be seen, which is thought to show that it had little or no relationship with the Kangakue in the Heian period.
- また江戸時代などでは女犯(にょぼん)は宗教的な範疇だけではなく、行政的にも重い罪とされ、晒し者にされて遠島などに処せられた。
- In addition, Nyobon (sexual indulgence) was considered as a serious sin not only religiously but also administratively in the Edo period, and a person who committed it was displayed in public and exiled to a far island.
- 法華経では、これらの鬼神が釈迦から法華経の話を聞いて成仏できることを知り、法華経を所持し伝える者を守護することを誓っている。
- In the Lotus Sutra, Buddha told a story of Hokekyo that made these demonesses realize that they could attain Buddhahood, and they swore to protect those who possess and hand down the Hokekyo.
- また、神道と習合してカヤカベ教のような秘密宗教も派生したが、基本的には本願寺教団に属し、浄土真宗の主流の教えを守る者をいう。
- Additionally, there were secret religions such as Kayakabe-kyo Religion that syncretized with Shintoism, but this generally refers to the Hongan religious group and those who protected the main teachings of the Jodo Shinshu Sect.
- 「不動」の尊名は、8世紀前半、菩提流志(ぼだいるし)が漢訳した「不空羂索神変真言経」に「不動使者」として現れるのが最初である。
- The sacred name of 'Fudo' was seen for the first time as 'Fudo messenger' in 'Fukukenjaku Jimpen Shingonkyo Sutra,' which was translated by Bodairushi, Bodhiruci, in the early part of the eighth century.
- またさらに下界を支配して死者を裁き、地獄に落とす恐るべき神と考えられる様になり、ついには単なる死神としても描かれる様になった。
- Further, he became being perceived as a dreadful deity who dominated the lower world, judged the dead and threw them into Hell; eventually, he became a being depicted simply as Death.
- このため、長期保存や食べる者を飽きさせないといった目的も含めて、味噌、醤油、豆腐、ゆば、豆乳、納豆、油揚げなどが生み出された。
- Thanks to this background, together with the objective of long storage and not tiring people, fermented soybean paste, soy sauce, soybean curd, dried bean curd, soybean milk, natto (fermented soybean) and deep-fried bean curd were created.
- 社会福祉に力を注ぎ全国に教線を拡大したが、明治41年(1908年)に大道長安が入寂すると後継者がいないこともあって急速に衰退。
- Its dedicated efforts on behalf of social welfare became widespread throughout Japan, but it declined rapidly after Choan DAIDO's nirvana in 1908, partly due to the lack of a successor.
- これは中心が題目の書かれた多宝塔(宝塔)で両脇に釈迦如来と多宝如来が祭祀者から見て左右に並び、その下に僧としての日蓮像がある。
- In this style the Taho Pagoda (pagoda), in which the Nichiren chant is written, is placed at the center, with Shakanyorai on the left side and Tahonyorai on the right side as seen by the person who enshrines, and a statue of Nichiren as a monk is placed under them.
- また、延暦寺の僧徒たちが念仏者を襲撃したりし、『選択本願念仏集』は禁書扱いを受け、東山 (京都府)大谷の法然墓堂も破壊された。
- In addition, monks of Enryaku-ji Temple attacked nenbutsu priests, 'Senchaku Hongan nenbutsu Shu (Passages on the Selection of the nenbutsu in the Original Vow)' was banned, and Honen's mausoleum at Higashiyama Otani (Kyoto) was destroyed.
- 内事部では法主のもと塔中坊の住職の中から主任理事が1名、執事が1名ないし2名、理事が若干名任命され総本山の寺務の責任者となる。
- In Naikotobu there is one shunin riji (chief director), one or two shitsuji (stewards), and some riji (administrators) are appointed within the chief priests of tatchu temples under the supervision of Hoshu, and they become representatives of operations of the temple of sohonzan.
- このうち、生七斎は、生者が自身の没後の安穏を祈願して行う儀礼であり、その故に「預修」(または「逆修」)という用語が用いられる。
- As Seishichisai was a ceremony in which living people pray for their posthumous peace, the term 'Yoshu' (預修) or 'Gyakushu' (逆修) was used.
- まず使者や来客はここで待たされ、その間奏者番が、対面曲輪に赴いて御側使用人に報告し指示を受けていたのではないかと思われている。
- It is presumed that emissaries or guests would first wait in the tsumesyo while the sosha went to the opposing compound to report to and obtain instructions from castle officials.
- 宴会場「葵殿」の南に広がる葵殿庭園は日本近代庭園の先覚者として有名な小川治兵衛によって1933年に作庭された回遊式庭園である。
- The Aoi-den garden spreading in the south of the Aoi-den banquet hall is a walk-through type, one designed in 1933 by Jihe OGAWA, famous as a pioneer of modern Japanese gardens.
- 史跡指定地以外ではその後も撤去が進み、1960年代には史跡指定地の御土居が宅地造成業者によって破壊される事件が何度か起こった。
- Mounds other than the designated historic spots were continued to be removed, and there were some incidents in which housing developers damaged Odoi mounds that were designated as historic spots in the 1960s.
- また、金象眼が出土したことから、銀装の金具が出土した高松塚古墳の埋葬者よりも身分や地位の低い人物が埋葬されていると推測される。
- Furthermore, since kinzogan (gold inlay) was excavated, it is presumed that the tomb owner was lower in the lineage and social position than that of Takamatsuzuka-kofun Tumulus was, where silver-plated metal fixtures were excavated.
- 大韓民国の国立文化財研究所や中華人民共和国の中国社会科学院考古研究所とも共同研究を行い、発展途上国の文化財担当者の研修を行う。
- The institute conducts joint researches with National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage (Korea) and Institute of Archaeology Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (China) and offers training for officials from developing countries who are in charge of cultural property.
- また、後円部南東の側面に測量図で溝が見られるのは、そのふもと近辺に江戸時代、箸中長者の経営する茶店がありその影響とも思われる。
- A ditch that is found on the southeast side of the rounded rear on the survey map is supposed to be associated with a teahouse that was run by a choja (millionaire), Hashinaka, around the foot during the Edo period.
- 原文…設我得佛 十方無量 不可思議 諸佛世界 其有女人 聞我名字 歡喜信樂 發菩提心 厭惡女身 壽終之後 復爲女像者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the women in the immeasurable and inconceivable Buddha-lands of the ten quarters who, having heard my name, rejoice in faith, awaken aspiration for the Enlightenment and wish to renounce womanhood, should after death be reborn again as women, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- - まちへ... 悟りを得た修行者(童子から布袋和尚の姿になっている)が街へ出て、別の童子と遊ぶ姿を描き、人を導くことを表す。
- To the city... It depicts the practitioner of austerities (his appearance has changed from a child to Hotei osho (a legendary monk called Hotei, who is said to have lived during the Tang period in China)), who has achieved enlightenment, going out into the town and playing with another child; it represents Hotei osho leading the path to enlightenment.
- 公案を与えられた修行者は、その言葉がどのような本意から創造されたかを正しく悟って、師家の前で心を以て回答することを要求される。
- The practitioner who is given koan is requested to be correctly aware of the intention of the words and answer from the heart in front of his or her master.
- このような遠隔地に及ぶ托鉢は、やがて平安時代末期の空也などの聖(ひじり)と呼ばれる遊行者による浄土教の布教活動に繋がっていった。
- These takuhatsu in distant places led to propagation of the Jodo (Pure Land) Sect by wanderers called hijiri, such as Kuya, at the end of Heian period.
- また両者は涅槃経の解釈に差異があり、慧観が道生を批判したりするが、両者ともに教判上では最高の経典は涅槃経であると位置付けていた。
- Although there is a difference between them in their interpretation of Nehan-gyo, and Ekan once criticized Dosho, both judged the Nirvana Sutra to be the supreme scripture in their Kyohan.
- 瀬田川にかかる唯一の橋であった瀬田の唐橋は京都防衛上の重要地であったことから、古来より「唐橋を制する者は天下を制す」と言われた。
- Since the Kara-hashi Bridge of Seta is the only bridge crossing over the Seta River, this bridge was the important point for defending Kyoto, therefore people used to say, 'those who command the Kara-hashi Bridge would reign over the whole country of Japan.'
- 中柱と板壁で風炉先にある相伴席の半畳を亭主畳と区切るとともに下部は丸く切り欠いて吹き通しにして相伴者の視線への配慮もぬかりない。
- While the nakabashira and itakabe partition the hanjo (a half sized tatami mat) used as shobanseki (seat for an accompanying guest) located beyond furosaki from teishudatami (tatami used as teishuza), by providing an arched aperture in the lower part of the wall, they also meticulously take into account how the accompanying guest will look at it.
- しかし、その他の凶事(天皇崩御、近親者の喪など)の場合には伊賀・大和路(一志、川口、阿保、相楽)を経て帰還するのが通例であった。
- However, she usually returned home via Iga-Yamato-ji Road (Ichishi, Kawaguchi, Aho, and Sagara) when there were other misfortunes (such as the death of the Emperor and mourning for the deaths of her close relatives).
- また『大智度論』には「臨終の時、色黒き者は地獄に堕つ」とあり、中国天台宗の智顗の『摩訶止観』にも「黒色は地獄の陰に譬う」とある。
- 'Daichidoron' (Commentary on the Great Wisdom Sutra) argues that 'at rinju, those whose color changes to black will go to Hell,' and 'Makashikan' (Mahayana Practice of Cessation and Contemplation) by Zhiyi of the Tendai sect in China also discusses that 'a change of one's color to black is compared to the shadow of Hell.'
- 878年(元慶2年)内供奉十禅師に任じられ、以後883年(元慶7年)に権律師、885年(仁和元年)に少僧都・東寺二長者に至った。
- In 878, he was appointed as naikubu-juzenshi (the 10 selected excellent priests for a Buddhist service in the Imperial Court), and in 883 was appointed as Gon no Risshi (a provisional rank in the lowest managerial position); then, in 885 he became Shosozu (junior secondary prelate) and the second manager of To-ji Temple.
- 初め儒学者として活動したが、1687年(貞享4年)に出家したのを契機として歌人に転じ、二条派の清水谷実業(三条西家一門)に師事。
- He started as a Confucian scholar, but after he entered into the priesthood in 1687 he turned into a waka poet and studied under Sanenari SHIMIZUDANI of the Nijo school of poetry (Sanjonishi family).
- 技術者として勤務していたことで、「ライカ買おうか、家買おか」と言われた当時、高価なライカのカメラを買えるほど生活は安定していた。
- Since he worked as an engineer; his life was settled enough to buy an expensive camera from Leica in those days when people described it as saying, 'Let's get a Leica or house.'
- 1614年(慶長19年)の虚無僧掟書により武者修行の宗門と心得て全国を自由に往来することが徳川家康により許されたと主張している。
- According to a 1614 feudal law (okitegaki) pertaining to Komuso itinerant priests that was approved and advocated by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the Komuso were permitted to travel around Japan as part of their sect's martial training and to gain knowledge.
- また熱心な佐幕論者であった竹雲は、世間が欧化主義へと向かい、万事洋風化して、日本古来の文化や伝統が失われていくことを嘆いていた。
- Chikuun was an earnest supporter of the Tokugawa shogunate, so he deplored the loss of ancient Japanese culture and tradition in the public trend toward the advocacy of Europeanization and the all-European-style life.
- 長者は一計を案じ、召使いにみすぼらしい格好をさせて「いい仕事があるから一緒にやらないか」と誘うよう命じ、ついに邸宅に連れ戻した。
- The Choja worked out a plan for a servant to dress shabbily and lure his son proposing, 'As there is a rewarding job, why don't you join me to work?' and finally brought him into the residence.
- 吉本伊信(よしもと いしん、大正5年(1916年)5月25日- 昭和63年(1988年)8月1日)は内観法(内観療法)の創始者。
- Ishin YOSHIMOTO May 25, 1916 - August 1, 1988) was the founder of Naikanho (or Naikan Therapy; one of the psychotherapies).
- なのに、徒(いたずら)に未証已証(みしょう・いしょう、いまだ証していないのに既に証覚を得た)という、独り善がりの大我禅者をいう。
- A Yakozen refers to a self-satisfactory taigazensha (one who practices zen but has an enormous ego), who uselessly proclaims they have earned shokaku (true enlightenment) even though there is no proof, also called 'misho-isho.'
- ただし、他宗の者に不快な思いをさせないように、回りに聞こえないくらいの小声か、心の中で称えるにとどめておくのが礼儀とされている。
- It is said, however, that as a matter of etiquette, nenbutsu should be chanted in a whisper which cannot be heard by those around or at heart in order not to make believers of other sects uncomfortable.
- 始め関東の道忠(どうちゅう)の下で出家し法鏡行者と称したが、798年(延暦17年)比叡山に上って最澄に師事し、円澄と名を改めた。
- It was under Dochu of the Kanto region that he first entered the Buddhist priesthood and took the name Hokyo but went on to study under Saicho of Mt. Hiei in the year 798 and change his name to Encho.
- 立法府に相当する組織(議決機関):組会(各寺院・教会の主管者〈各寺院・教会の僧侶の代表〉)と、組門徒会(各寺院・教会の門徒の代表)
- The organization that corresponds to the legislative body (decision-making body): So-kai (組会) (responsible official of each temple and church (representatives of priests in each temple and church) and So-Monto-kai (組門徒会) (representatives of lay followers in each temple and church)
- 本来は比丘尼 (サンスクリット:bhikSuNii) のことであり、男性の出家修行者(比丘びく)に対して、女性の出家修行者をいう。
- Originally it meant Bikuni (bhikSuNii in Sanskrit) and a female Buddhist disciple opposite Biku, a male Buddhist disciple.
- 永平寺の住職となった後も道元の侍者であるとの姿勢を終生変えず、道元の霊廟の脇に居室を建て、道元の頂相に生前同様に仕えたといわれる。
- Even after assuming the position of the chief priest of Eihei-ji Temple, Ejo is said to have kept the attitude of being an attendant of Dogen throughout his life, built his residence next to the mausoleum of Dogen and served Dogen's effigy in the same manner as he had done while Dogen had been alive.
- 五大菩薩(ごだいぼさつ)は、仏教の信仰・造像の対象である菩薩(真理を探求し、悟りを開くために修行中の者)の組み合わせの1つである。
- Godai Bosatsu are a kind of combination of Bosatsu (those who are engaged in ascetic training in pursuit of the truth and enlightment) that are objects of worship and construction of statues in Buddhist society.
- またこれらの他に労働奉仕も科される例や、盗伐者が科料を払えない場合の五人組による連帯責任による科料支払いが決められている例もある。
- There were also other cases, in which the violator was obliged to render a service, or if the violator was not able to pay the fines, the Gonin-gumi system (a collective responsibility system based on a neighborhood group composed of 5 persons), to which he belonged, had to assume the collective responsibility to pay the fines.
- 近代の新宗教を除けば日本有数の巨大宗教教団の指導者としては例外的に社会問題や国際情勢に対する積極的な発言をすることで知られている。
- He is known for his positive statements about social issues and international affairs unlike the other leaders of the biggest religious organizations in Japan except the leaders of newly formed religions.
- また、教学の面から興福寺の再興に尽力した貞慶や東大寺再興に奔走した重源との親交も深く、特に前者との交友は互いが遁世した後も続いた。
- He had been on close terms with Jokei, who worked hard for restoration of Kofuku-ji Temple from the aspect of learning of religious doctrines, and Chogen, who devoted himself to the restoration of Todai-ji Temple; especially, the friendship with the former lasted even after they retired.
- 原文…設我得佛 國中人天 一切万物 嚴淨光麗 形色殊特 窮微極妙 無能稱量 其諸衆生 乃至逮得天眼 有能明了 辯其名數者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the sentient beings should be able, even with the divine eye, to distinguish by name and calculate by number all the myriads of manifestations provided for the humans and devas in my land, which are glorious and resplendent with detail exquisite beyond description, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 一部の国学者主導のもと仏法は外来の宗教であるとしてそれまで大きな勢力を持つ仏教勢力の財産や地位を剥奪し、弱体化するように誘導した。
- With the help of some scholars of Japanese classical literature who would take initiatives, the government led people to deprive the Buddhist force, which had significantly affected them until that time, of their properties and status, and to weaken the Buddhist influence.
- 門徒物知らず(もんとものしらず)は、浄土真宗の信者(門徒)に対して他宗の信者が「仏教の作法を知らない」と批判する際に使われる言葉。
- Monto mono shirazu' is a phrase which believers of other sects use when they criticize monto (believers) of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) as 'they don't know about the manners of Buddhism.'
- 天台以外でも三論宗の永観 (僧)(1033年 - 1111年)や真言宗の覚鑁(1095年 - 1143年)のような念仏者を輩出した。
- In the other sects (except for the Tendai sect) there also existed Nenbutsu priests such as Eikan (1033-1111) of the Sanron sect and Kakuban (1095- 1143) of the Shingon sect.
- 梵名のサマンタ・バドラとは「普く賢い者」の意味であり、彼が世界にあまねく現れ仏の慈悲と理知を顕して人々を救う賢者である事を意味する。
- The Sanskrit name samanta bhadra means 'far and widewise man' and that he is a wise man who appears in the far and wide world and relieves people with Buddha's mercy and intelligence.
- 中でも、薩摩国の島津氏は明治時代まで禁教令を継続したため、南九州の真宗信者は講を組織し秘かに山中の洞窟で信仰を守った(かくれ念仏)。
- The Shimazu clan in Satsuma Province particularly continued the Kinkyorei until the Meiji period, which made Shinshu followers organize Kou and observe their faith secretly in a cave in the mountains. (Kakure Nenbutsu/Secret faith)
- いったん両者とも引き分けたが、腹の虫が収まらなかった香西元盛の人夫が城中に瓦等投げ込んだりしたので、細川尹賢の憎悪感は頂点になった。
- The two were briefly separated but Motomori KOZAI's laborers could not contain their anger and threw roof tiles and other objects within the castle, filling Tadakata HOSOKAWA with hatred.
- 本古墳は、被葬者の実在性にも、天皇陵古墳であることにも問題がない、つまり、「天智天皇陵」と呼称してもほとんど間違いのない古墳である。
- There is no doubt that this is the tumulus of an Emperor who was a real person in history, in other words, this tomb can be called 'the Imperial mausoleum of Emperor Tenchi.'
- その上、街路の端々の東西南北に9つの門があったようで、夜は4つの門のみを開け、外来者が町中にみだりに入ることを拒んでいたようである。
- Additionally, it seems that there were a total of nine gates at the north, south, east, and west ends of the streets and that only four gates were open as required at night to keep strangers from arbitrarily entering the town.
- 翌1178年に船が鬼界ヶ島にやって来るが成経と康頼のみが赦されており、俊寛は謀議の張本者という理由から赦されず島に一人とり残された。
- Although a ship arrived at the Kikaiga-shima Island in the following year, 1178, only Naritsune and Yasuyori had been granted a pardon, with Shunkan left alone on the island for the reason that he was the main plotter of the meeting.
- 後継者である信空 (真言律宗)・忍性は朝廷の信任が厚く、諸国の国分寺再建(勧進)を命じられてこれを末寺化するなど、教派の拡大に努めた。
- His successor Shinku (Shingon Risshu sect) and Ninsho gained the confidence of the Imperial Court and made efforts to broaden the influence of the sect as they made provincial monasteries branch temples for restoration (temple solicitation) by Imperial order.
- 1885年(明治18年)に所有者が植樹の際に穴を掘ったところ後方部にあった竪穴式石室につきあたり、銅鏡ほか多数の副葬品が出土している。
- When having been dug a hole to the earth to plant a tree in 1885, the owner of the site hit a vertical style stone chamber and lots of grave goods in addition to copper millers were unearthed from there.
- このことがきっかけになり山根徳太郎を指導者とする難波宮址顕彰会の努力により発掘・調査が進み、奈良時代の宮の遺構が次第に明らかになった。
- That discovery jump-started the excavation and study by Naniwakyushi Kenshokai (Association of honoring publicly for Naniwa-kyu Palace site) under the leadership of Tokutaro YAMANE and, little by little, the remains of the palace in the Nara period became unraveled.
- 江戸時代の軍学者による地勢に基づく城の分類には、「平城(ひらじろ)」・「平山城(ひらやまじろ)」・「山城(やまじろ)」・の3つがある。
- A scholar of military science in the Edo period classified castles based on topography into three types: 'Hirajiro' (a castle built on flatland), 'hirayamajiro' (castles built on a hill or low mountain surrounded by a plain) and 'mountain castles.'
- 奈良時代より、高い山や、美しい山は霊山として山岳信仰の対象とされ、山地に於いて修行する者も現れ、それらは後に修験道へと発展していった。
- Since the Nara period, high or beautiful mountains in Japan have been the object of a mountain religion, so some people began to implement their ascetic deeds on mountains; subsequently, these deeds developed into shugendo (Japanese mountain asceticism and shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhist concepts).
- 原文…設我得佛 他方國土 諸菩薩衆 聞我名字 皆悉逮得 普等三昧 住是三昧 至于成佛 常見無量 不可思議 一切諸佛 若不爾者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in the lands of the other quarters who hear my name should not all attain the samadhi called 'universal equality' and, while dwelling therein, should not always be able to see all the immeasurable and inconceivable Tathagatas until those Bodhisattvas too become Buddhas, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- そのため、きわもの売りやまがい物を売る者という意味を持つようになり、蓮の葉の言葉の意味が際物(きわもの)やまがい物を指すようになった。
- Therefore, the meaning of persons dealing with seasonal articles or mocks was added, and the term 'lotus leaf' also came to be used in reference to seasonal articles or mocks.
- 表向きは曹洞宗など他の教団に属しており、葬式などは寺で行うが、その後に信者どうしが集まって内々でその教義の秘密のとむらいを行うという。
- Outwardly, kakushi nenbutsu belongs to another sect, such as Soto Zen Sect, and holds a funeral and other rituals at a temple, but after these rituals, there is a secret funeral for the believers only, they say.
- 過去には3祖日目から4世日道へ、66世日達から67世日顕への相承が内証形式で行われたとされるが、日顕への相承については否定する者もいる。
- It is said that in the past, Sojo from the third (Nichimoku) to the 4th (Nichido) and from the sixty-sixth (Nichidatsu) to the sixty-seventh (Nikken) was done in the form of confidential affairs, but some deny that regarding the case of Sojo to Nikken.
- 中世には貴族出身者はさげ尼と称して、髪を肩の辺りで削いで「尼」となることができた(勿論、授戒が受けられないために正式な尼にはなれない)。
- In medieval times, aristocratic women could become 'ama' called Sage Ama by having her hair cut around shoulders (of course they couldn't become ama formally because they could not be given the precepts of Buddhism).
- しかし尊皇攘夷に傾倒して京都の公家と関係を持ち、徳川家定の将軍後継者争いでは一橋派に与したため、大老の井伊直弼から危険人物と見なされた。
- However, his commitment to the Sonno Joi philosophy and connections to the court nobles of Kyoto led him to side with the Hitotsubashi family during Iesada TOKUGAWA's conflict surrounding the shogun's successor, causing him to be viewed as a threat by Tairo (great elder) Naosuke II.
- 何有荘(かいうそう)(旧稲畑勝太郎邸)は、七代小川治兵衛(近代日本庭園の先駆者とされる庭師)通称植治が作り上げた京都市左京区にある庭園。
- Kaiuso Garden (the former residence of Katsutaro INABATA) is a garden that was made in present-day Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, by Jihei OGAWA the seventh, commonly called Ueji (a pioneer gardener of modern Japanese gardens).
- 近衛家の祖である近衛基実は藤原忠通が40歳を過ぎてから生まれた長男で、若くして氏長者となり、関白に任じられたが、24歳の若さで他界した。
- Motozane KONOE, the first son of FUJIWARA no Tadamichi and the founder of the Konoe family, was born when his father FUJIWARA no Tadamichi was over forty years old, and succeeded Uji Choja (the chief of the clan) and Kanpaku, but died at the age of twenty-four.
- 主に、天皇・皇后が外国国家元首・外国政府要人と会見し、又は皇居を訪れた日本政府関係者及び民間人を引見する等の儀式並びに行事に使用される。
- It is used for ceremonies and events, such as meetings of the Emperor/Empress with foreign sovereigns/foreign government dignitaries or receptions by the Emperor/Empress of Japanese government officials and private citizens who are visiting Kokyo.
- 両者は直線距離にして数十メートル離れているが、元は1つの古墳の石室だったものが、盛土が無くなったうえ、二つに分かれてしまったものである。
- Both of them are tens of meters away in a straight line from each other, but they were originally a stone chamber of one kofun (tumulus) which got separated because of loss of the mound.
- 遺跡の性格としては居住域というよりも、頻繁に人々や物資が集まったり箸墓古墳を中心とした三輪山などへの祭祀のための聖地と考える学者も多い。
- There are also many scholars suggesting that these remains were the evidences that this place functioned as a hub for the people and the products to be redistributed, or as a sacred place for performing rituals around Hashihaka Tumulus toward Mt. Miwa, rather than the place provided for residential purposes.
- 父であり先代門主の勝如(大谷光照)が戦時下に青年期を過ごしたのと対照的に、光真は戦後の高度成長期を新門(門主後継者)として過ごしている。
- In contrast with Koshin's father Shonyo (Kosho OTANI), the former Monshu who spent his young adulthood during times of war, Koshin grew up during the years of high economic growth following the war as the Shinmon (successor of the Monshu).
- ほか、空海が唐から請来した「三十帖冊子」を東寺の経蔵に納めて以後代々の真言宗長者の相承とするなど、東寺を中心として真言宗の再編を行った。
- In addition, Kangen restructured Shingon sect, based in To-ji Temple, by storing in the Kyozo (sutra repository) the 'Sanjujo Sasshi' (30 volumes of esoteric Buddhist scripture hand-copied by priest Kukai when he was staying in China) brought back by Kukai from Tang Dynasty, and determining that the volumes should be looked after by choja of Shingon sect generations after generation.
- 曼殊院は平安時代以来、近世末期に至るまで北野神社(現・北野天満宮)と関係が深く、歴代の曼殊院門主は北野神社の別当(責任者)を兼ねていた。
- Manshuin Temple, ever since the Heian period until the end of the early-modern period, had intimate relations with Kitano-jinja Shrine (present day Kitano Tenmangu Shrine), and successive monshu (head priest) of Manshuin Temple also assumed the position of betto (the superior of a temple) of Kitano Shrine.
- 1568年(永禄11年)に織田信長が入京すると、信長に起用されて皇居の仲介者を担当し、その後信長の信頼を受け伊勢国内に領地を与えられた。
- When Nobunaga ODA entered the capital in 1568, he was appointed by Nobunaga as a mediator for the Imperial Palace, later gained Nobunaga's trust, and was awarded a territory in Ise Province.
- 幕政の中枢にありながら情勢を冷静に判断し、人情に厚い満済の態度は、同時代人から「天下の義者」(伏見宮貞成親王『看聞日記』)と賞賛された。
- Getting involved in the corridors of power in the shogunate government, Mansai was cool in assessing the situation and warm in getting on with people, which was appreciated by his contemporaries as 'a loyal retainer of the whole country' ('Kanmon Nikki' (Diary of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadafusa) by Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadafusa).
- 『リグ・ヴェーダ』では人間の祖ともされ、ヤマとその妹ヤミーとの間に最初の人類が生まれ、人間で最初の死者となったゆえに死者の国の王となった。
- According to the 'Rig-Veda,' Yama is considered to be the human ancestor because the human race was born of Yama and his sister Yami; he became the king of the world of the dead because he was the first human being to die.
- こうした一見奇抜な言動は、中国臨済宗の高僧として知られる普化など唐代の禅者と通じるものがあり、教義の面では禅宗の風狂の精神の表れとされる。
- This kind of action seems strange at first, but has something in common with such famous Tang dynasty Chinese Rinzai priests as Fuke, and as a teaching style is an expression of the eccentric spirit of Zen.
- これ以後、大坂の地は、城郭にも匹敵する本願寺の伽藍とその周辺に形成された寺内町を中心に大きく発展し、その脅威は時の権力者たちに恐れられた。
- Since then, Osaka developed around the monastery of Hongan-ji Temple, comparable to a castle, and a temple town formed around it, and it strength frightened power people of the time.
- 以後も六国史などには修行者に得度を許すために試験を行ったという記事が何回も記されており、その受験者の多くが私度僧であったと考えられている。
- After that, in writings such as Rikkokushi (the Six National Histories), there are articles that are mentioned again and again about the examinations held to approve tokudo to ones that make ascetic practices, and it is believed that many of those examinees were shidoso.
- ただ、これは、『地蔵十王経』の撰者が、自作の経典の権威づけをしようとして、先達の『預修十王生七経』の撰述者に仮託したものと考えられている。
- The similarity observed at the beginning of 'Jizo juo-kyo Sutra,' however, supposedly originates from the author's plot to give authority to his sutra through copying the writing style of 'Yoshu Juo Shoshichi-kyo Sutra.'
- However, recently it is considered that the authors of 'Jizojuo-kyo Sutra' pretended that it had been translated from 'Yoshu Juo Shoshichi-kyo Sutra' in order to dignify the sutra written by them.
- 妻(つま)とは建物の中央や中心に対して他端を意味する端(つま)を語源とし、配偶者の呼び名の妻は家屋の「つまや」に居たことから名付けられた。
- 妻 (tsuma), which originates in 端 (tsuma), which indicates an end relative to the center or core of a building, and 妻, meaning wife, has come to be used, because the wife used to live in a room on the Tsuma side.
- 建築基準法上はマンションと同じ共同住宅に区分されるもののほか、2階建以上でも長屋住宅に区分されるものがあり、両者は共有通路の要否で異なる。
- According to the Building Standards Act, in addition to those which are also classified as cooperative complex together with 'mansion,' there are those which are categorized as tenement even though they have 2 or more stories, and they are differentiated by whether or not a common corridor is required to construct within the building.
- 大規模なものは、宮殿など支配者の住む場所を囲む内城と、都市全域を囲む外城に分かれており、内城は城、外城は郭と呼ばれ、併せて城郭といわれる。
- A large castle was divided into an inner castle that surrounded a palace where the governor lived and an outer castle that surrounded the entire city, and the inner castle was called a castle and the outer castle was called an enclosure, and the whole structure was called a citadel.
- 北村捨次郎らの設計による、数寄屋造りの高度な技法を凝らして作られた建築物と、近代日本庭園の先駆者である小川治兵衛が作った美しい庭園がある。
- This villa is composed of buildings constructed by incorporating advanced the technique of Sukiya-zukuri based upon the design of Sutejiro KITAMURA and so on, and a beautiful garden which was designed by Jihei OGAWA, a pioneering engineer of modern Japanese gardens.
- 8月10日には伝法阿闍梨位の灌頂を受け、「この世の一切を遍く照らす最上の者」を意味する遍照金剛(へんじょうこんごう)の灌頂名を与えられた。
- A kanjo ceremony for the Denpo Ajari rank was held for him on September 10, 805, awarded a kanjo name of Henjokongo meaning 'the best person who will enlighten everything in this world.'
- また、『本朝文粋』には天延2年(979年)から翌年にかけて参加者が勧学会を開くための会場となる念仏堂建立を計画していたことが記されている。
- Also in 'Honcho monzui,' it is recorded that in 979 through the next year, the participants of Kangakue had planned to construct a Nenbutsu-do Hall (hall to make nenbutsu) as a site to conduct Kangakue.
- 仏罰とは第3者が現実的に科すものではなく、誹謗正法つまり謗法(ぼうほう)を犯したことで三証として実生活に顕れる事象を指して言うものである。
- Butsubachi does not mean punishment given by another person in reality, but the event which is revealed in one's real life as objective evidence caused by the violation of Slander of the True Dharma, that is, Hobo.
- その結果改めて話し合いの場を設けることで合意して両者解散したが、その直後に問題提起の為としてプロジェクトの女性メンバー3人が登山を強行した。
- As a result, both sides agreed to have a chance to talk another day and broke up, but immediately after that the three women of the project stubbornly climbed the mountain in order to assert their view of the problem.
- そして、この教えを信じ弘める行者は必ず世間から迫害されると予言するキリスト教やユダヤ教等セム系一神教にも共通する「受難劇」の視点も見られる。
- There is a viewpoint of 'passion play,' which forecasts that the priests who believe this teaching and are in charge of missionary works are inevitably oppressed by the public, which are common in Semitic monotheistic religions such as Judaism and Christianity.
- 高市皇子説を唱える代表的な人物は、原田大六(考古学者)、河上邦彦(奈良県立橿原考古学研究所副所長、現神戸女子大学教授)、豊田有恒(作家)ら。
- The typical experts who support Takechi no Miko/Prince Takechi as the candidate include Dairoku HARADA (an archeologist), Kunihiko KAWAKAMI (deputy director of Nara Prefecture-run Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture and currently a professor of Kobe Women's University), and Aritsune TOYOTA (a writer).
- 2002年には古美術商店「不言堂」創業者坂本五郎から寄贈された大量の中国古代青銅器の展示スペースが本館付属棟(元は収蔵庫)に開設されている。
- In 2002, a space for exhibiting a large amount of Chinese ancient bronze wares donated by Goro SAKAMOTO, the founder of an antique art shop 'Fugendo,' was established in the Annex attached to the Original Museum Building (originally a repository).
- この命名は明日香村教育委員会によるが、研究者の間では酒船石と亀形石造物との関連性を疑う意見も強く、この名称は適当ではないとの意見も存在する。
- It was christened by the Asuka Village Board of Education but some researchers have made strong arguments questioning the relationship between Sakafuneishi and those pieces of turtle-shape stonework and some say this name is inappropriate.
- 彼はその著書『往生要集』末尾の「臨終の行儀」において上の両者の説を引用しつつ、臨終時における念仏生活の心得を説いて後世に大きな影響を与えた。
- Quoting their theories in 'Manners at one's end' at the end of his book 'Ojoyoshu' (The Essentials of Salvation), Genshin preached the manners of a life devoted to a Buddhist invocation that should be followed at the time of rinju, and as a result made a tremendous impact on later generations.
- しかし急速な革新に対する反発は次第に高まり義介の定めた行持に従わない者が続出するなどして、ついに文永9年(1272年)2月に義介は退任する。
- However, repulse against the rapid restructuring arose gradually, and those who did not practice the activities decided by Gikai appeared one after another, compelling Gikai to resign in the period of March to April of 1272.
- マハーカーシャパはバラモン階級出身の弟子で、釈迦の法嗣とされる(法の継承者)が、拈華微笑といわれている伝説が宋代の禅籍『無門関』に見られる。
- Mahakasyapa was a disciple from Brahman society and regarded as a hoshi (successor of Buddhism) of Shakyamuni, and his legend called nenge misho (heart-to-heart communication (literally, 'holding a flower and subtly smiling')) is seen in 'Mumonkan' (The Gateless Gate), books of the Zen sect in Sung.
- また、物を忌まわぬ根拠として『涅槃経』や『般舟経』の一文をあげ、念仏者だけでなく仏教徒は吉日を選んだりしないことが経典を根拠に示されている。
- Further, it cites a paragraph of 'Nehan-gyo Sutra' (The Sutra of The Great Nirvana) and 'Hanju-kyo Sutra' (also known as Hanju Zanmai-kyo Sutra (Sutra of the Meditation to Behold the Buddha)) as the authority for not conducting monoimi and by these sutras, it also pointed out that all Buddhists, not monto alone, don't stick to selecting kichijitsu (the happiest day among Rokuyo).
- 曼殊院を東山山麓の現在地に移し、寺観を整えたのは29世門主の良尚法親王であった(法親王とは皇族男子で出家後に親王宣下を受けた者の称である)。
- It was the twenty-ninth monshu Imperial Prince Yoshinao (Imperial male who received Imperial proclamation for shinno after becoming a priest) who moved Manshuin Temple to the foot of Mt. Higashi mountain, the present day location, and fixed the view of the temple.
- なお、法華経には、上記の酔う法華七喩などの説話が多く収録されているため、一般大衆の信者を多く持つ教団によって作られたものであるという説もある。
- Moreover, since many episodes such as Hokke Shichiyu (above) are included in the Hokke-kyo sutras, another theory guesses that it was made by a religious organization that had many believers.
- 鳥羽僧正(とばそうじょう)と世に呼ばれ、日本仏教界の重職を務めた高僧であるのみならず、絵画にも精通し、鳥獣人物戯画などの作者に擬せられている。
- He was well known by people as Toba Sojo (high-ranking Buddhist priest) and although he was a high-ranking priest who played important roles in Japanese Buddhist society, he was also well versed in paintings and is assumed to be the painter of Choju-Jinbutsu-giga (scrolls of frolicking animals and humans).
- 仁和寺別当・西寺別当・東寺別当・権律師・法務・東寺長者に任じられ、986年(寛和2年)真言宗では初めて、また、日本では三番目の大僧正に至った。
- He was appointed to betto (superior) of Ninna-ji Temple, betto of Sai-ji Temple, betto of To-ji Temple, gon-risshi (fifteenth-ranked Buddhist priest of the Shingon Sect, literally meaning 'supernumerary master of discipline'), homu (Director of temple affairs) of To-ji Temple, and To-ji choja (chief abbot of To-ji Temple), and in 986, he became the Shingon Sect's top and Japan's third highest-ranked Buddhist priest.
- 現在の名称で呼ばれるまでは太田遺跡・勝山遺跡として学会に知られており、小規模な遺跡群の1つとして研究者には認識され特に注目を集めていなかった。
- Until the recent extensive archelogic excavation, these remains were known as Ota Remains or Katsuyama Remains, a small-scale, insignificant remains without getting much attention among the members of Japanese archeological societies.
- ここで注意したいのは、これを単に、浄土に往生した者が、菩薩の相をとり再び穢土に還り来て、衆生を救済するはたらきを阿弥陀如来から与えられること。
- What should be noted here is that if Genso-eko is a being who attained birth in the Pure Land is bestowed by Amida with the ability to return to the defiled land taking the form of a bodhisattva to save people.
- ただ、参加者が中学生・高校生中心の場合は、一般修行者の坐禅の場合と同じように、希望策ではなく、直日・直堂の判断に基づく警策を与えることもある。
- However, if participants are primarily junior high school and high school students, instead of kibo-saku, sometimes the kyosaku (keisaku) is given based on the judgement of jikijitsu or jikido, as with during zazen for adult meditators.
- 彼が生涯に行った修法は五壇法を初め安鎮法・不動法・七仏薬師法など多岐にわたり、また良源から眼病平癒の秘法を伝授されたとも伝えられる験者だった。
- He practiced various esoteric Buddhist methods throughout his life including the Godan-ho (method placed by the five wise men), Anchin-ho (method of an esoteric rite for achieving peace and security of the state or of a new home), Fudo-ho (method of prayer for the aid of Fudo-myoo to end calamity and cause prosperity) and Shichibutsu yakushi ho (the method of the Yakushi and other six related wise men related used for a long life, health and a safe delivery), and he was a sage who is said to have been transmitted the secret art to cure eye diseases from Ryogen.
- 806年(大同 (日本)元年)最澄による最初の円頓戒授与で受戒者の上首となり、翌807年(大同2年)の法華長講では最澄の次に第2巻を講説した。
- In the year 806, he received the Endonkai (Precepts for Perfect and Immediate Enlightenment) from Saicho and his aptitude led to him being given the opportunity to recite the second volume of the Lotus Sutra following Saicho at a Hokke Choko (long recitation of the Lotus Sutra) in the year 807.
- 定朝(じょうちょう、生年不明 - 天喜5年8月1日 (旧暦)(1057年9月2日))は平安時代後期に活躍した仏師で、寄木造技法の完成者とされる。
- Jocho (D.O.B. unknown - died September 2, 1057) was a sculptor active in the latter part of the Heian period and is said to be the sculptor who perfected the technique called yoseki-zukuri, in which the main part of a statue is made out of two or more pieces of wood.
- 中尊は坐像、脇侍は跪坐とするものは来迎形式の阿弥陀三尊像であり、この場合、左脇侍の観音菩薩は往生者を迎え取るための蓮台を捧げ持つのが普通である。
- The triad with Amida seated at the center and the other two kneeling down on both sides is a form of Raigo, which means inviting the dead spirits to heaven. The left Bodhisattvas Kannon in this triad usually has a rendai, a lotus-flower-shaped pedestal to carry the dead.
- このためアンドロニクは「ペルミの神品致命者聖アンドロニク」との称号の他に、「初代京都の主教聖アンドロニク」とも日本正教会で呼ばれて敬われている。
- Thereafter, Andronik was conferred the title 'Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop of Perm,' and he has been revered in the Japan Orthodox Church as 'Saint Andronik, the first bishop of Kyoto.'
- 原文…設我得佛 十方無量 不可思議 諸佛世界 諸天人民 聞我名字 五體投地 稽首作禮 歡喜信樂 修菩薩行 諸天世人 莫不致敬 若不爾者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the humans and devas in the immeasurable and inconceivable Buddha-lands of the ten quarters who, having heard my name, fall on their knees to revere and worship me, rejoice in faith and strive to practice Bodhisattva training, should not be respected by all the devas and people of the world, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 身体を締め付けず着用しやすいため、現在では僧侶固有のものとしてではなく甚平と共に単なる部屋着の一種として扱われることも多く、熱心な愛好者もいる。
- Because they are loose-fitting and easy-to-wear, samue are not necessarily unique to monks but often treated as a kind of relaxing room-wear along with jinbei (informal summer clothes for men), and they are warmly regarded by many.
- 明治3年(1870年)2月10日 (旧暦)、東本願寺が明治新政府から請け負った北海道開拓事業の責任者として、百数十名の随員を従えて北海道へ渡る。
- On February 10, 1870, he went to Hokkaido accompanying a hundred and several tens of personnel as the leader of Hokkaido reclamation plan commissioned to Higashi Hongan-ji Temple by the New Meiji Government.
- 仏道成就の早い遅いについて達磨いわく、心がすでに道である者は早く、志を発して順々に修行を重ねる人は遅く、両者には百千万劫もの時間差があるという。
- As to the speed of the accomplishment of Buddhism, Daruma said that a person whose mind was already filled with Buddhism could reach it early while a person who practiced gradually after having an aim could reach it late, and that there was a long distance of a million kalpa (the longest time unit in the ancient India) between them.
- これ故、この僧園はジェータ太子と給孤独者スダッタ両者の名を冠して祇樹給孤独園と呼ばれ、そこに建てられた精舎を祇樹給孤独園精舎と称するようになった。
- Therefore, the land contributed to Buddha was called Jetavana Anathapindada by adopting both of the names of Prince Jeta and Anathapindada Sudatta, and the temple established in the land was called Jetavana Anathapindadasya-arama.
- そのため、摂受院が人づてから当時の第3次吉田内閣の国務大臣で、また同郷山梨の出身で法学者でもある樋貝詮三の自宅を訪ね、事情を懇々と説明したという。
- And then Shojuin visited the home of Senzo HIGAI, who was a Minister of State of the second Yoshida cabinet, and was from the same town, Yamanashi Prefecture and also a legal scholar, and explained the details of what happened.
- 魔境(まきょう)とは、禅の修行者が中途半端に能力を覚醒した際に陥りやすい状態で、意識の拡張により自我が肥大し精神バランスを崩した状態のことを指す。
- 'Makyo' refers to an unbalanced mental condition of ego-swelling that results from excessive self-consciousness, into which an ascetic of the Zen Sect of Buddhism tends to fall when halfway awakened.
- このため深大寺蕎麦の名は大いに高まり、諸藩諸家から深大寺に蕎麦を求める使者が立つようになり「献上蕎麦」として全国に知られるようになったといわれる。
- As a result, Jindai-ji soba became very famous and it became well-known across the nation as 'soba suitable as a present' because a lot of domains and families sent for Jindai-ji soba.
- 十二夜叉大将、十二神明王(じゅうに・やしゃたいしょう、しんみょうおう)ともいい、薬師如来および薬師経を信仰する者を守護するとされる12の武神である。
- They are also called Juni Yashataisho or Juni Shinmyoo and comprise 12 war gods who guard people who believe in the Yakushi-nyorai and Yakushi-kyo sutra.
- 結界石・境界石の向こうは他界(他界山上他界)であり、宗教者は俗世から離れた一種の他界で修行を積むことによって、この世ならぬ力を獲得すると考えられた。
- It was thought that the area beyond the barrier stone or border stone was the other world (the other world over the mountain) and that a religious person could gain a superpower by doing unobstructed cultivation in a kind of other, cloistered world.
- 梵名のアヴァローキテーシュヴァラとは、ava(遍く)+lokita(見る、見た)+īśvara(自在者)という語の合成語との説が現在では優勢である。
- A superior thesis at present regarding the Sanskrit Avalokiteśvara is that it was mixture of words, ava (universally) +lokita (see, saw) + īśvara (universalist).
- 正徹に師事して冷泉派の歌人として知られる一方、1433年(永享5年)、「北野社万句」の座に列するなど、連歌作者として次第に時代を代表する存在となる。
- While he studied under another Buddhist priest called Shotetsu and was known as a poet of the Reizei School, he gradually became a renga poet of the time by for example attending the 'Kitano-sha manku' (10,000 linked verses event at Kitano-jinja Shrine) in 1433.
- また、官立寺院(官寺)ではない延暦寺に戒壇設置を認められたことに東大寺をはじめとする南都(奈良)の寺院の反発を抱き、両者の対立の原因の一つとなった。
- In addition, Todai-ji Temple and other temples in Nanto (Nara) had antipathy toward the sanction for the construction of kaidan at Enryaku-ji Temple, which was not kanji (state-sponsored temples).
- なお、再開された最初の勧学会に参加した第1期参加者の藤原有国の漢詩(「世尊大恩」)と高階積善の詩序に中断期間が19年間であったことが明記されている。
- In addition, it is recorded clearly in the Chinese-style poem ('Seson Daion') by FUJIWARA no Arikuni and in the preface of the poem by TAKASHINA no Moriyoshi, who were both participants at the first Kangakue which was resumed and also were participants at the very first Kangakue, that the Kangakue was put on hold for 19 years.
- そこで長者は子供たちが欲しがっていた「羊の車(ようしゃ)と鹿の車(ろくしゃ)と牛車(ごしゃ)の三車が門の外にあるぞ」といって、子供たちを導き出した。
- Then the Choja said to the children, 'Sansha (the three carts) of Yosha (sheep cart), Rokusha (deer cart) and Gosha (bull cart) are outside the gate,' which the children had wanted to have, and lead the children to the outside.
- その際、激怒した秀吉が大徳寺の破却を試みるが、古渓が使者の前に立ちはだかり短刀で命を絶とうとしたため秀吉は慌てて使者を引き上げさせたと言われている。
- The enraged Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI attempted to have Daitoku-ji Temple demolished but it was said that Kokei stood in the path of the messenger and attempted to kill himself using a short sword, which led Hideyoshi to panic and recall the envoy.
- このような念仏の展開の中に、原始経典の「南無仏」のように口称念仏として仏の名を呼ぶことによって、仏を具体的に感得しようとする信者たちの思いがあった。
- Within the spread of nenbutsu, there was a desire in believers to try to tangibly perceive the Buddha by chanting the name Nenbutsu, like 'namubutsu' in an original sutra.
- また、仏教では、本来(破戒僧が自分の愛人を出家させて身辺に置くことを防ぐため)仏陀を除く出家者は異性の出家者を弟子として得度することは禁じられている。
- Additionally, in Buddhism it was originally prohibited for priests or priestess (except Buddha) to make a member of the opposite sex enter the Buddhist priesthood as a disciple (in order to avoid the ruination of the priest who would have his mistress around him as a disciple).
- 教義の基本は、正しい本尊(本門戒壇之大御本尊)を信じて自行化他に題目を修行しさえするならば、どんな者でも必ず一生のうちに成仏できる、ということである。
- The basic doctrine is that if a person believes in the correct principal image Honmon Kaidan no Dai-Gohonzon (the Great Object of Veneration of the Sanctuary of the True Teaching)) and practices daimoku (Nichiren chant) with Jigyo Keta (benefiting oneself and benefiting others), anyone can become Buddha in his or her lifetime.
- 具体的には団地内で用いる道路・上下水道・電力等のインフラを何もないところから敷設する費用は受益者の多寡によらず一定の費用がかかり先行投資が必要となる。
- The expenses necessary for construction of the infrastructure elements within a danchi such as roads, water and sewerage and electricity where previously none of these existed demands a certain level of prior investment regardless of the number of beneficiaries.
- 原文…設我得佛 他方國土 諸菩薩衆 聞我名字 皆悉逮得 清淨解脱三昧 住是三昧 一發意頃 供養無量 不可思議 諸佛世尊 而不失定意 若不爾者 不取正覺
- Original Text: If, when I become a Buddha, the Bodhisattvas in the lands of the other quarters who hear my name should not attain the samadhi as referred to as 'pure emancipation' and, while dwelling therein, without losing concentration, should be unable to make offerings at once to immeasurable and inconceivable Buddhas, and the World Honored One, may I not attain perfect enlightenment.
- 彼が生涯をかけて完成させた万葉集校本とそれをもとに注釈を加えた『萬葉集註釈』は、以降明治期にいたるまで万葉集の定本として多くの研究者に利用されている。
- The annotated texts on Manyoshu he completed throughout his life, in addition to the 'Manyoshu Chushaku' (Annotated Manyoshu) were produced on the basis of being used by many researchers as authentic books on Manyoshu and were used until the late Meiji period.
- これは、この世で死者となった瞬間に仏として極楽浄土に生まれる(往生即成仏)とされているため、霊魂として現世でさまよう様なことはないと考えるためである。
- This is because according to the teachings of Jodo Shinshu Sect, the dead immediately reincarnate as Buddha in the Pure Land (going to heaven and immediately becoming a Buddha) and therefore, they never wander in this world as souls.
- 他の神仏に優る超越的絶対者としてではなく、衆生の心のあり方は一様でないので悟りに到る道も個々によって異なるという前述の思想を受けたものと考えられている。
- In those sutras Fudo Myoo is not described as a transcendental absolutist that is superior to other gods and Buddhas but is described on the basis of the above thought, that the way to reach enlightenment is different individually because the ways of living things' minds aren't the same).
- しかし守其が校合したのは、開宝蔵・高麗初雕本・契丹版の三者のみであり、開宝蔵と高麗初雕本とは原本と覆刻版の関係にあり、基本的に同一系統のテキストである。
- However, Shuso conflated only the Kaihozo, Korai Hatsucho-bon and Kitai editions, and Kaihozo was original as opposed to the Korai Hatsucho-bon, which was a reprinted edition, so that their texts basically indicate the same lineage.
- 若い頃から在俗の修行者として諸国を廻り、南無阿弥陀仏の名号を唱えながら道・橋・寺などを造るなど社会事業を行い、貴賤(きせん)を問わず幅広い帰依者を得る。
- Since his youth he had visited various provinces as a lay disciplinant, implemented social projects such as construction of roads, bridges and temples with reciting Myogo (Amida's name) of Namu Amidabutsu, and gathered followers widely without regard to their affluence or poverty.
- また古代の日本では、女性は神聖な者で神霊が女性に憑依すると広く信じられており、卑弥呼に代表されるように神を祭る資格の多くは、女性にあると考えられていた。
- Moreover, in ancient Japan women were believed to be sacred persons who were generally haunted spirits, so that women were thought to have many qualifications for being enshrined as god, as represented by Himiko.
- 東寺の支配から高野山の独立を図り、東寺長者が金剛峯寺の座主を兼職する慣例を廃止し、金剛峯寺座主に任ぜられたが、金剛峯寺方(本寺方)の反発を受け失敗した。
- He tried to achieve the independence of Koyasan from To-ji Temple's control, whereby he abolished the custom whereby Toji-Choja became the head priest of Kongobu-ji Temple at the same time and was ordained to be Kongobu-ji Temple's head priest; however, his effort failed due to the objection of the Kongobu-ji side (Hon-ji side).
- 男色はもとより、仏教の戒律で禁じられていた飲酒·肉食や女犯を行い、盲目の「森侍者」(しんじしゃ)という側女がいたり、「岐翁紹禎」という実子の弟子がいた。
- Besides homosexuality, he did things that are forbidden in Buddhism, such as drinking liquor, eating meat, and cavorting with women, had a mistress called Shinjisha, and one of his students was a son of his named Shoutei KIOU.
- 「如来」とは「仏陀」と同義で「悟りを開いた者」の意、「菩薩」とは悟りを開くために修行中の者の意、なお、なお顕教では、十界を立てて本来は明王部を含まない。
- Nyorai' is equivalent to 'Buddha' and means 'those who have attained enlightment,' 'Bosatsu' means those who are engaged in ascetic training in pursuit of attaining enlightment and under Exoteric Buddhism, Myoo-bu is not included basically because it holds Jikkai (the Ten Realms) theory.
- そのため在地の有力者であった武蔵府中熊野神社古墳の被葬者が、武蔵国府が現府中市に設置されるにあたって重要な役割を果たしたのではないかとの説が有力である。
- For these reasons, there is a cogent theory that states that the buried in the tumulus were local powers who played an important part in establishing Musashi Kokufu in the present Fuchu City.
- 公辨法親王の母方の叔母が綱吉の正室鷹司信子の侍女だった縁から両者は親しく、公辨法親王の方が綱吉よりはるかに若年ではあったが綱吉の相談に与る立場にあった。
- As Cloistered Imperial Prince Koben was close to Tsunayoshi because his maternal aunt was a lady-in-waiting of Nobuko TAKATSUKASA, Tsunayoshi's legal wife, Cloistered Imperial Prince Koben was in a position to be consulted by Tsunayoshi even though he was far younger than Tsunayoshi.
- 一般に如来は装身具を一切身に着けない薄衣の姿で表現されるが、大日如来は宇宙そのもの存在を装身具の如く身にまとった者として、特に王者の姿で表されるのである。
- Generally, Nyorai is expressed as a lightly dressed figure free of any accessory, but Dainichinyorai is particularly expressed as a monarch that wears the existence of the universe like an accessory.
- 江戸時代に「大家」と言えば、所有者(家主)とは異なり、住民の家賃を集めたり、管理を任されている者のことであった(現代で言うところの不動産管理会社に近い)。
- The term 'oya (big house)' for a nagaya in the Edo period didn't indicate the owner of the nagaya but a person entrusted with the work of collecting rents and managing the nagaya (roughly equivalent to a property-management company of the present day).
- この物語の長者とは仏で、窮子とは衆生であり、仏の様々な化導によって、一切の衆生はみな仏の子であることを自覚し、成仏することができるということを表している。
- This story in which the Choja was Buddha and the poor man was Shujo indicated that all Shujo could realize their being children of Buddha and became a Buddha by Buddha's enlightenment of all kinds.
- 末法愚人を導く法 (仏教)として上行菩薩等の地湧菩薩たちに対する末法弘教の付嘱、観世音菩薩等のはたらきによる法華経信仰者への守護と莫大な現世利益などを説く。
- As a dharma (Buddhism) to guide stupid people during the Age of the Final Dharma, it describes 末法弘教の付嘱 against Jiyu Bosatsus such as Jogyo Bosatsu and the protection of believers of the Hokke-kyo sutra and practical benefit in this world by the force of Kanzeon Bosatsu, etc.
- なお、智顗は、涅槃経に対しては、法華経とほぼ同内容で、その真理は既に法華経で明かしており、法華の救いに漏れた者達のために説かれた教えにすぎないと位置づける。
- In this connection, Chigi asserted that the content of Nehan-gyo Sutra was almost the same as that of Hoke-kyo Sutra, and its truth had already been clarified in Hoke-kyo Sutra and therefore, it was preached only for the purpose of rescuing people who had been left out from Hoke's rescue.
- なお、山形県と宮城県の県境にある日本百名山の蔵王連峰は、古くからの山岳信仰の対象であり、平安時代中頃には空海の両部神道を唱える修験者が修行するようになった。
- In addition, the Zao Mountain Range, a member of the one hundred biggest mountains of Japan, which lie on the border between Yamagata Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture, has been the subject of mountain worship from ancient times so that mountaineering ascetics who believed in Shinto-Buddhist amalgamation of Kukai, came to practice ascetic training around the middle of the Heian period.
- 小田原城のように、元々は山城であったものが、城と麓の城下町が拡張を繰り返した結果両者が一体化し、城下町全体を惣構えで囲んだ大規模な平山城に発展した例もある。
- Like Odawara Castle, as a result of the repeated expansion of a castle that was originally a mountain castle and castle town at the foot of the mountain, both merged and developed into a large flatland castle surrounding its entire castle town by the sogamae (outer citadel).
- 内容は、真言宗のいわゆる事相と真言宗に相当する2つの部分から成り立つが、前者である両界曼荼羅(の原形)の作法や真言、密教の儀式を説く事相の部分が非常に多い。
- This sutra consisted of two parts, so-called jiso (the thing-in-itself) of the Shingon sect, and the Shingon sect, but it contained very many descriptions of the jiso part, preaching manners (in the original form of) and mantra of the former Ryokai mandala (Mandalas of the Two Realms), and the ceremonies of Esoteric Buddhism.
- これらに対し「教令輪身」は、仏法に従わない者を恐ろしげな姿で脅してでも教え諭し、仏法に敵対する事を力ずくでもやめさせるなど、極めて積極的な介入を行う姿である。
- As opposed to these, 'kyoryorinjin' is the figure that implements intervention very aggressively as it admonishes a person who doesn't follow Buddhism even with the threat of an awful appearance, and compels the cessation of hostility toward Buddhism.
- しかし、永徳3年(弘和3年/1383年)に室町幕府征夷大将軍足利義満が源氏長者に任じられ、同時に淳和院と奨学院の別当を兼ねて、以後室町幕府将軍が別当を務めた。
- However, after Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), was assigned to Genji choja in 1383 and at the same time took the posts of both Junnain Betto and Shogakuin Betto, Shogun of the Muromachi shogunate continued to take the two Betto posts.
- また民俗学者の宮本常一は、明治期に官有地として没収された入会地を取り戻す訴訟を行う為、成人後に読み書きを学んだ大阪府河内長野市滝畑の人物の事例を報告している。
- Anthropologist Tsuneichi MIYAMOTO reported a case of a person in Takihata, Kawachinagano City, Osaka Prefecture, who learned to read and write after reaching adolescence in order to file a suite and recover the common land which was expropriated as a public land during the Meiji Period.
- 一向宗と結んで、時の権力者織田信長と闘うために街の周囲に環濠土塁をうがち、西から今井を守るべく櫓などを備えた城構え(現今西家住宅地)を築き城塞都市化している。
- Banding together with the Ikkoshu sect in the fight against the then powerful Nobunaga ODA, Imai-go was turned into a fortress whereby a moat as well as earthen walls were built around the town and, to guard the westernmost of that town, a castle-like structure (the present Imanishi-ke Jutaku site) equipped with various appropriate features such as turret was constructed.
- なお、よく時代劇で用いられる「明暗」と書かれた箱は、仏教用語のように見えるが、特に意味はなく、「私は明暗寺(みょうあんじ)の者である」という程度のものである。
- By the way, the box called 'Meian' (bright and dark), which is often seen in the period drama on TV and seemed like a special Buddhist word, actually does not have any special meaning and it can just mean 'I am from Myoan-ji Temple.'
- 羽黒山 (山形県)では毎年9月、希望者が白装束を着て入峰し、断食、滝打ち、火渡り、床堅(座禅)、忍苦の行(南蛮いぶし)などの活動を通して山伏修行を体験できる。
- In Haguro-yama (Yamagata Prefecture), an applicant can wear a white costume and enter the mountain to experience Yamabushi's ascetic practices such as fasting, Takiuchi (standing under a waterfall), walking over fire, 床堅 (Zen sitting meditation), Ninku no Gyo (Nanban Ibushi, or being smoked), and so on, in September of every year.
- のちに阿弥陀如来への浄土信仰も取り込まれ、本堂の壇上には阿弥陀仏の像を安置した、行者の呼吸の吸吐を阿弥陀の来迎浄土と感じ取り、そこに生死の根源を究めるとする。
- It took in Jodo-shinko (the Pure Land faith) to Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata) later, putting Amidabutsu-zo (a statue of Amitabha) on the alter of Hondo (main sanctuary), and treated the breath practitioners to be Pure Land for the descent of Amida where the rise of lives lie.
- はじめ吉本は企業経営をしながら自宅で希望者に内観をさせていたが、昭和28年、事業から引退し、大和郡山市に内観道場(のちの内観研修所)を設け内観指導に専念する。
- At first, Yoshimoto was running his own business while offering Naikan therapy at his home to those who wanted to be clients, but in 1953, he retired from the business, established Naikan Dojo (later Naikan Kenshujo) in Yamatokoriyama City and devoted himself to teach Naikan therapy.
- キリスト教は1549年(天文 (元号)18年)にフランシスコ・ザビエルによってカトリックが日本に伝えられて以来、貿易などを通して信者(キリシタン)が増加した。
- Since 1549, when Catholicism was firstly introduced to Japan by Francis Xavier, the number of Christians increased, stimulated by trade and other factors.
- 由阿(ゆあ、正応4年(1291年) - 天授 (日本)5年/康暦元年(1379年)頃?)は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての時宗の僧・万葉学者。
- Yua (1291 - c.1379) was a Ji Sect Buddhist monk and Manyo scholar who lived from the latter part of the Kamakura period to the Northern and Southern Courts period.
- この他に、僧の中から選挙によって議員が選ばれる宗会、綱紀粛正機関である監正会、管長が任命した権大僧都以上の者5名による参議会などの合議システムも導入されている。
- Apart from above, there are Shukai, which is a committee elected by an election among monks, Kanseikai (監正会) which is enforcement of the law of the land, and representative system introduced which has a group of five people participating in government who are appointed by kancho and are higher rank than gondaisozu (Junior prelate).
- 科挙及第者と担当試験官との間の私的な関係という面では、問題のないものと見えるが、これが機縁となって、科挙官僚中に党派が生まれ、それが党争に発展する温床となった。
- Such relationships did not seem problematic from the viewpoint of a relationship between a successful Kakyo applicant and the examiner in charge, however, they produced bureaucratic alliances, which created a breeding ground for the development of factions.
- 吉野の金峰山(きんぷせん)で山岳修行を行い、また役行者に私淑して、以降途絶えていた修験道、即ち大峯山での修験道修行を復興したことで、真雅の活動と好対照とされる。
- Shobo's following activities were thought to form a marked contrast to Shinga's behavior: Shobo conducted mountain ascetic practices on Mt. Kinpu in Yoshino, and, by adoring EN no Gyoja (A semi-legendary holy man noted for his practice of mountain asceticism during the second half of the 7 century) in his heart, revived the mountaineering asceticism training in Mt. Omine, which was thought to have been abandoned after the disappearance of EN no Gyoja.
- 但し、少なくとも、隋の煬帝が晋王時代に、智ギから菩薩戒を受けた時に「智者」の大師号を賜った例が見えるので、実際には、その起源は、それ以前に遡るものと考えられる。
- However, at least in the reign of Shino (King of Jin), an example of Emperor Yodai of Sui Dynasty bestowing the Daishigo 'Chisha' to Zhi-yi when the Emperor had received Bosatsukai (Bodhisattva Precepts) from him can be seen, so actually, the origin of Daishigo can be thought to go back before that time.
- 現在通称されている「日本達磨宗」という「日本」の字を付した呼称は、近世以降の研究者によって使用されるようになったもので、能忍在世当時は単に達磨宗と呼ばれていた。
- Although the name of Nihon Daruma Sect is commonly used at present, this sect was simply called Daruma Sect while Nonin was alive because the current name, which includes the word of 'Nihon' (Japan), was put into use by researchers in early modern times.
- 古代インドの宗教では、出家者は一般に所有欲を否定するために三衣一鉢の最低限の生活必需品しか所有しないほか、修行に専念するために農業などの生産活動には従事しない。
- Because monks in religions in Ancient India usually deny desires for possessions, they only possess sanne-ippatsu (three robes and one begging bowl), bare necessities, and they do not engage in productive activities such as agriculture in order to devote to ascetic practices.
- これらの法度には、従来、天皇の詔で決まっていた大徳寺の住持職を江戸幕府が決めるとされ、また天皇から賜る紫衣の着用を幕府が認めた者にのみ限ることなどが定められた。
- In these acts, it was stipulated that a priest who assumed the position of juji of Daitoku-ji temple was nominated by Edo bakufu, instead of the imperial decree issued by the Emperor, and only priests who obtained the approval of bakufu were allowed to wear sie (the purple Buddhist priest stole) granted by the Emperor.
- 久安6年(1150年)、藤原忠実は源為義らを引き連れて嫡男である関白藤原忠通が居住する東三条殿に乗り込み、忠通に対して勘当と藤氏長者と東三条殿の没収を通告した。
- In 1150, FUJIWARA no Tadazane forcibly entered the Higashi Sanjo-dono Residence, where FUJIWARA no Tadamichi in the kanpaku (main assistant to an emperor) position lived, together with MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi and others, and informed Tadamichi that he would cut the family relationship with Tadamichi and would confiscate the right of becoming Toshi Choja (the chief of the Fujiwara clan) and the Higashi Sanjo-dono Residence.
- 戦争への足跡が聞こえる中、思想や芸術について自由に語り合える場を作ろうと、創業者の立野正一が友人のイタリア人(京大建築科の留学生ベンチ・ベニ)に改築を依頼した。
- With war looming, Tateno asked Benci BENI, an Italian studying architecture at Kyoto University who was a friend of his, to remodel the private house in order to provide a place where people could talk about ideas and art freely.
- 前身のホテル紅葉の創業者木下彌三郎が収集したギリシャ・ローマ彫刻、日本画、洋画などを展示している木下美術館は倒産後も存続していたが、現在、移転準備中のため休館中
- The Kinoshita Museum, built for exhibiting the collection of the founder of the Hotel Koyo, Mayusaburo KINOSHITA, (including the sculpture of Greece and Rome, traditional Japanese paintings and Western style paintings) was preserved for operation even after the bankruptcy of the Marutama Tourism, but the museum was closed for moving to a new building.
- この頃の浄土真宗は、佛光寺や専修寺において活発な布教活動が行われ多くの信者を得たが、本願寺は8世蓮如の登場までは、天台宗の末寺として存続していたに過ぎなかった。
- Jodo Shinshu in those days had active missionary work in Bukko-ji Temple and Senju-ji Temple and acquired a number of followers, but Hongan-ji Temple just existed as a branch temple of Tendai Shu before the 8th head-priest Rennyo.
- 死を迎えることの意味を説いた古い文献としては、エジプトやチベットで作られた『死者の書』が知られているが、それは必ずしも臨終時の問題に焦点を合わせたものではない。
- Although the books titled 'Book of the Dead' that were written in Egypt and Tibet are known as the old literature that explains the meaning of dying, they do not necessarily focus on issues at the time of one's death.
- この物語の長者は仏で、火宅は苦しみの多い三界、子供たちは三界にいる一切の衆生、羊車・鹿車・牛車の三車とは声聞・縁覚・菩薩(三乗)のために説いた方便の教えである。
- In this story, the Choja is Buddha, the burning house was Sangai (three realms) full of earthly desires, the children were all Shujo in the Sangai, Sansha of Yosha, Rokusha and Gosha were the three divisions of the teachings of Buddha for Shomon (vehicle of the hearers), Engaku (solitary-Buddha vehicle) and Bosatsu (enlightenment-bound vehicle) (Sanjo [the Three Vehicles carrying sentient beings to the world of enlightenment]).
- しかし浄土真宗においては、阿弥陀如来に帰依して(他力本願)亡くなった者は速やかに極楽浄土(阿弥陀如来の仏国土)に往き仏として生まれる(往生即成仏)とされている。
- In Jodo Shinshu Sect, however, it is believed that a person who died while having faith in Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata) (Tarikihongan (salvation through the benevolence of Buddha)) is able to go immediately to the Pure Land (land where Amida Nyorai resided) and reincarnate as a Buddha (Ojo soku Jobutsu (going to heaven and immediately becoming a Buddha)).
- もっとも指導教師としての僧侶は存在するものの、活動の主体は在家の信者と信者が集まって結成する講であり、殊に教えの導き手たる講親と弟子の結びつきは強調されている。
- Although there was the presence of a monk as the leading teacher, the main part of the activity was the Ko (association) formed by the gathering of believers of Zaike, which emphasized the connection between the leading lecturer and the disciple.
- 天心とフェノロサによる秘仏開扉のエピソードは半ば伝説化しており、それ以前の数百年間、誰もこの観音像を見た者がいなかったのかどうかについては疑問視する向きもある。
- This story has almost become a legend; some say it unbelievable that the image had been completely kept out of sight for as long as hundreds of years before it was finally opened by Tenshin and Fenollosa.
- また、自分が歴住として道元と同列に祀られることをおそれ「自分の遺骨は先師(道元)の墓所の侍者の位置に埋め、忌日には先師の墓前に向かい供養読経するべし」と遺言した。
- Further, as he was afraid that he might be enshrined in the same category as Dogen as one of the successive chief priests, he left a will saying 'My remains should be buried at the place of Dogen's attendants and on the anniversary of my death, a memorial service and sutra chanting should be conducted while facing the tomb of Dogen.'
- 得度者には課役を免除される特権があり、官の許可なく僧となる農民などが出現し、これらは私度、そうした僧は私度僧と呼ばれ、律令の編目である戸婚律や僧尼令で禁じられた。
- As those that were approved had the privilege to be exempted from labor, farmers who became priests without official approvals were appeared, that was called shido, and priests by shido, called shidoso, were prohibited by Kokonritsu (Penal Law on Households and Marriage) and Soniryo (Regulations for Monks and Nuns), which were both part of Ritsuryo code.
- 保延6年(1140年)に村上源氏の源氏長者源雅定が淳和院と奨学院別当を兼務して以後、淳和院別当・奨学院別当は源氏長者を兼ねる慣例が生まれて明治維新まで継承された。
- In 1140, MINAMOTO no Masasada, Genji choja (the top of the Minamoto clan) of Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan) took the posts of both Junnain Betto and Shogakuin Betto (chancellor of Shogakuin,) and after that, the custom that Genji choja served as both Junnain Betto and Shogakuin Betto continued until the Meiji Restoration.
- この時の奮戦ぶりを『足利季世記』によると、松永ハ内藤備前守ガ聟ナレバ、城中モ一入タノモシク思ヒケル、落武者カク計リケル事武功第一ナリト沙汰シケルと記載されている。
- 'Ashikaga Kiseiki' (a military epic of Ashikaga) states that 'Matsunaga is a son-in-law of Naito - a provincial governor of Bizen, and he is a dependable man in the castle particularly; the losers attempted to take over the castle, but he threw them over and took all the credit of war' regarding the fierce fight at that time.
- そこで、平成18年、茶業関係者や地元区民らにより「永谷宗円翁顕彰会」が結成され、集められた寄付金により、平成19年4月より本格的な屋根の全面葺き替え工事行われた。
- People engaged in the tea industry and the local people organized 'Nagatani Soen Honoring Association' (永谷宗円翁顕彰会) in 2006 to promote donations, and they started having the roof thoroughly re-thatched with that money in April 2007.
- 親鸞の教えを継ぐ者には自らの教義こそ浄土への往生の真の教えとの思いはあったが、浄土真宗と名乗ることは浄土宗の否定とも取られかねないため、当時はただ真宗と名乗った。
- Though the successors of the teachings of Shinran had the feeling that their own doctrine was the true teaching for going to Jodo, they named themselves just Shinshu at that time because naming themselves Jodo Shinshu could be interpreted as denial of Jodo Shu.
- 1983年に開園した村内には世界一の忍術資料を保有する甲賀忍術博物館や萬川集海の著者として知られる藤林保武の一族の家を移築したからくり屋敷などの資料館が点在する。
- The park opened in 1983, and the mura is home to various facilities, such as the Koga Ninjutsu Museum, which houses the worlds foremost collection of Ninjutsu related materials, as well as the Karakuri Yashiki (Mansion of Tricks), which was once the homes of the family of Yasutake FUJIBAYASHI, who gained fame as the author of Mansen Shukai, which has been relocated to the mura.
- 同書によれば、開催日前日の14日夕方に延暦寺の僧侶が下山して会場となる寺院を訪問し、学生ら俗世側の参加者は予め会場に集って詩句や経文を誦しながら僧侶の来訪を待つ。
- According to the same book, the priests of Enryaku-ji Temple came down from the mountain in the evening of the 14th day of the month, a day before the opening day of the Kangakue, to visit the temple in which the Kangakue would take place, and the participants of the common people's side, such as students, gathered at the site in advance, and passed the time by composing poems and reading sutras while waiting for the priests to visit
- しかし、この善知識に頼るということは、弥陀ではなくて善知識というこの世の救済者に頼ることであり、これこそが浄土真宗本願寺教団が異端として激しく排除する理由である。
- This means that the believers of kakushi nenbutsu depend on zen chishiki (an earthly savior), not on Amitabha Tathagata, which is the very reason that the organization of the Hongan-ji school of Jodo Shinshu severely excludes kakushi nenbutsu as a heresy.
- 明治政府によるキリスト教徒へのスパイ活動は当初は弾正台が「諜者規則」(1870年6月)に基づいて行い、翌年7月には新しい太政官制により正院内の監部課が引き継いだ。
- At first, the Meiji Government's spy operations against Christians were led by the Danjodai (Inspection Bureau) based on 'Rules for Espionages' (June, 1870), succeeded in July 1871 by the Inspection Division at the Seiin (the central state council in the early Meiji period), which was set up with the new birth of the Daijokan (Department of State) system.
- 悟りを得たと言われている日本の学者鈴木大拙によって20世紀に日本からアメリカ合衆国、ヨーロッパへと禅が紹介され、曹洞宗の弟子丸泰仙によってヨーロッパで布教された。
- Zen was introduced by Daisetsu SUZUKI, a Japanese scholar who was said to reach enlightenment, to the United States and Europe in the 20th century, and was spread by Taisen DESHIMARU of the Soto sect in Europe.
- 良尚法親王は天台座主(天台宗最高の地位)を務めた仏教者であるとともに茶道、華道、香道、和歌、書道、造園などに通じた教養人であり、当代文化に与えた影響は大きかった。
- Imperial Prince Yoshinao was not only a Buddhist who served as Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai Sect), but also was a cultivated person who was familiar with Sado (tea ceremony), Kado (flower arrangement), Kodo (traditional incense-smelling), waka (a 31-syllable Japanese poem), Shodo (calligraphy), and landscape gardening, and the influence that he had on the culture of the time was great.
- 民俗学者の柳田国男は姥捨山・岩木山の登山口にも姥石という結界石があるのに着目し、結界を越えた女性が石に化したという伝説を『妹の力』『比丘尼石』のなかで紹介している。
- Kunio YANAGIDA, a scholar of folklore, paid attention to the barrier stone called Uba-ishi at the start of a trail up Mt. Iwaki-san (or Ubasute-yama), a mountain where old women would be abandoned, and in 'Imo-no-chikara' and 'Bikuni-ishi' introduced a legend that a woman who crossed over the barrier stone would change into a stone.
- 1333年(正慶2/元弘3)に元弘の変の後に鎌倉幕府が滅亡すると京都へ戻り、建武の新政から南北朝時代となっても後醍醐方に属して吉野へ随行し、東寺長者、大僧正となる。
- When the Kamakura Shogunate was subverted after the Genko Incident in 1333, he went back to Kyoto, and he also moved to Yoshino in attendance of Godaigo and became Chief Abbot of To-ji Temple and daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order).
- 棺内には被葬者の頭のところに画文帯神獣鏡と両側に刀1・剣1をおき、棺外に東壁側15面、西壁側17面の三角縁神獣鏡を内側に向けて木棺と壁のわずかな間に立てられていた。
- In the coffin the Gabuntai Shinju-kyo Mirror was placed near the head of the deceased person and one katana (one-edged sword) and one tsurugi (two-edged sword) on either side of it, and in the outside of the coffin 15 Sankaku Shinju-kyo Mirrors on the east wall and 17 on the west wall, which faced inward, were placed in the small space between the coffin and the wall.
- これは戒律に違背した者に行われた制裁であり、最も軽いものは懺悔を求める突吉羅(ときら)罪で、最も重いのは教団追放である波羅夷(はらい)罪まで、いくつかの種類がある。
- This was a sanction which was given to a person who violated the precepts of Buddhism, and there were various kinds of punishments ranging from the Tokira-zai Punishment, the lightest one to make a confession, and to the Harai-zai Punishment, the most serious one to be expelled from a religious group.
- この経典によると、釈迦仏の十大弟子で神通第一と称される目連尊者が、神通力により亡き母の行方を探すと、餓鬼道に落ち、肉は痩せ衰え骨ばかりで地獄のような苦しみを得ていた。
- According to this sutra, when the honorable priest Mokuren, who was one of the Judai deshi (The Ten Chief Disciples of the historical Buddha, Sakyamuni) and called the top of divine power, looked for the whereabouts of his late mother, she became skin and bones in Gaki-do and was going through hell.
- なお、「一介の人間としての釈迦」を重視する臨済宗、曹洞宗、黄檗宗の禅宗各派では釈迦如来の脇侍として大迦葉尊者・阿難尊者を配し、十大弟子・十六善神が随従することがある。
- The various schools of Zen sects such as Rinzai sect, Soto sect and Obaku sect place importance on 'Shaka as a human' and in some cases have Daikasho-sonja and Anan-sonja as attendant figures to Shakanyorai, together with Judai deshi or Juroku Zenshin.
- 一般に、「今この時にも阿弥陀如来の本願力は私たちに回向されていて、救われている」(現生正定聚)については、誤った受け取り方をする者が多かったため、たびたび正している。
- Generally, the idea that 'the vow of Amida Nyorai is offered to us even at this moment and we are saved' (Gensho shojoju) was misunderstood by a number of people, and repeatedly corrected.
- また、参加者も先達と呼ばれる経験者、しかもかつては学生でも今では式部大輔や大学頭、文章博士といった学生たちから見れば「雲の上」的存在の人々が多くを占めるようになった。
- Also, the ratio of participants who experienced Kangakue in the past, who were called Sendatsu, increased, and those people came to hold positions such as Shikibu no taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial), Daigaku no kami (Director of the Bureau of Education), and Monjo hakase (professor of literature), which were positions that were 'high above the sky' if seen from students, even though those Sendatsu were students back then.
- 日蓮の法華経に対する純粋な姿勢も、室町時代に入ると宗派が勢力を拡大していく過程の中で、他宗派との妥協や他宗派の信者からの施しを平気で受けるなど、次第に変質していった。
- During the Muromachi period, while expanding its influence, the attitudes of the believers of the Nichiren sect had gradually deviated from the founder's pure belief in the Hokekyo, and the Nichiren followers started to compromise with other sects or to receive offerings from the believers of other sects without hesitation.
- 主義の左右を問わず、近代の著名な法華経信仰者の人生に共通するのは、小市民的な栄達を嫌い、どこまでも己の理想のみに殉じていこうとする非妥協的な態度にあると言えそうである。
- It could be said that the common point among modern famous Hokke-kyo sutra believers' lives without regard to leftism or rightism was their unyielding rejection of petit bourgeois glory and the effort to obey only their ideal.
- 日蓮正宗の末寺には、法主が本門戒壇之大御本尊を書写した漫荼羅御本尊が安置され、信者にも、大石寺住職一覧(ほっす)が本門戒壇之大御本尊を書写したという漫荼羅が下附される。
- Branch temples of Nichiren Shoshu enshrine a copy of the Honmonkaidan-no-Daigohonzon copied by the Hoshu as mandala Honzon, and followers receive a mandala, which is a copy of the Honmonkaidan-no-Daigohonzon copied by Taiseki-ji Temple priests (Hossu).
- その修法「虚空蔵求聞持法」は、一定の作法に則って真言を百日間かけて百万回唱えるというもので、これを修した行者は、あらゆる経典を記憶し、理解して忘れる事がなくなるという。
- The incantation method 'Kokuzo Gumonji-ho' involves chanting mantras 1 million times over 100 days following certain rules, and those who complete this method become able to memorize, understand and never forget all Buddhist texts.
- 前者は害悪をなす悪神であったので、これを祀るものは本来なかったが、仏教の伝来とともにインドに行われた夜叉・羅刹などの悪神を祀り、これを以って守護神とする風習が伝わった。
- There was originally no custom of enshrining the former because it was an evil deity having harmful influences, but along with the introduction of Buddhism, a custom of setting an evil deity as a guardian deity by enshrining evil deities such as yaksha (Buddhist guardian deities sometimes depicted as demonic warriors) and rakshasa (a type of evil spirit) in India was introduced.
- 『本朝文粋』には月林寺が既に荒廃してしまい、代わりの会場探しに手間取る参加者のために左大臣藤原道長が父の藤原兼家が建てた法興院を会場として提供したことが記録されている。
- In 'Honcho monzui,' it is recorded that since Getsurin-ji Temple had already been abolished, Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) FUJIWARA no Michinaga offered Hoko-in Temple, a temple established by his father, FUJIWARA no Kaneie, as a site for Kangakue, for participants that were having trouble finding a site to hold Kangakue.
- 不受不施義(ふじゅふせぎ)とは、日蓮宗における思想の1つでの不受とは法華経の信者以外からは施しを受けず、不施とは法華経以外の教えを広める僧侶には施しをしないということ。
- Fuju-fuse-gi is a concept of the Nichiren sect of Buddhism; 'fuju' means refusing offerings from those who don't believe in the Hokekyo (Lotus Sutra) and 'fuse' means giving no offerings to priests who propagates beliefs other than Hokekyo.
- 師から授けられるものは、本尊や教義・戒律、切紙などの奥義・秘伝の類、あるいは宝物など、要するに血脈相承における「法」とは、”次代の師となるべき者が相続するもの”である。
- The teachings in kechimyaku-sojo consist of the principal object of worship, doctrine, religious precepts, documents describing the esoteric techniques and secrets, and treasures, which are all given from a mentor and, therefore, are 'the things that need to be inherited by a person who will become a mentor in the next generation.'
- 翌1576年(天正4年)醍醐寺第80代座主に就任、1579年(天正7年)に大僧正、1585年(天正13年)に准三后、1594年(文禄3年)には東寺長者に任じられている。
- He was appointed the 80th head priest of Daigo-ji Temple in 1576, made Daisojo (High Priest) in 1579, given the imperial title of Jusango (honorary rank next to the three Empresses: Great Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress) in 1585, and promoted to chief abbot of To-ji Temple in 1594.
- 珠光は他の芸能者達との交流もあり、能楽者である金春禅鳳が記した『禅鳳雑談』に有名な珠光の物語とて 「月も雲間のなきは嫌にて候 これ面白く候」 という一節が遺されている。
- As Juko was acquainted with other artists, his remark saying 'I love the moonlight peeping through the cloud. It is interesting' was introduced in 'Zenpo Zodan' (Miscellaneous conversations with Zenpo), a book written by Noh player Zenpo KONPARU, as a famous anecdote concerning Juko.
- 京都、奈良、伊勢という日本の文化の中心地を結ぶ鉄道会社にふさわしい美術の殿堂をつくろうと考えた種田は、世界的な美術史学者・矢代幸雄を初代館長に任命し、その仕事を依頼した。
- OITA decided to establish a hall of arts worthy of the railway company connecting cultural centers of Japan--Kyoto, Nara, and Ise-- and appointed Yukio YASHIRO, worldly known historian of art as the first director and requested the works to do so.
- 衆生の心の有り方は一様でない(悟りに到る道も個々によって異なる)ので心の中に住み(修行者自身が不動明王である)、各々に合わせて姿を変え願いを叶えるという内容が説かれている。
- It describes that Fudo Myoo lives in the disciplinant's mind (Fudo Myoo is indeed a disciplinant) because the ways of the living things' minds aren't the same (the way of reaching enlightenment is different individually) so that Fudo Myoo makes their wishes come true by changing its figure in accordance with each person).
- また玄奘訳とされている『般若心経』は読誦用として最も広く普及しているが、これは羅什訳と玄奘訳との双方がある経典は、古来前者が依用されていることを考慮すると異例のことである。
- Moreover, although 'Hannya Shingyo,' which is said to be a translation by Genjo, became the most widespread for reading and invocation, this is unusual considering that the Buddhist sutra translated by Raju had since ancient times been used more often than the Buddhist sutra translated by Genjo.
- また日本には逆に男子禁制の風習がある祭礼や場所(御嶽 (沖縄)など)があるが、それについて廃止・修正する行動がなされていない事に関して、プロジェクト側を批判する識者もある。
- Moreover, some intellectuals criticize the project side because they do not act to require abolishment or amendment against the festivals and places in which traditionally no men are admitted, as a contrary practice in Japan (such as Utaki (Okinawa)).
- 日蓮宗はその開教以降、幾多の宗派に分派したが、その中でも日蓮宗の祖山とされる身延山久遠寺は武家の帰依者が多く、幕府統治下で勢力を拡大し、日蓮宗の総元締といえるほどとなった。
- Nichiren Sect separated into many religious schools after the beginning of the religion, and one of them is called Kuon-ji Temple on Mt. Minobu, sozan (the mountain of the foundation) Nichiren Sect, where there are many believers from samurai families, and they strengthened their power under the bakufu government and came to control the whole Nichiren Sect.
- 名称の意味は「祇陀(ジェータ)太子の森(Jetavana)」と、「身寄りのない者に施しをする(Anathapindada)」という言葉を並置した物であり、以下の由来による。
- The name is composed of two elements, 'Jetavana' (a tree-clad land belonging to Prince Jeta) and 'Anathapindada' (to give charity to people with no relatives), and originates from the following episode.
- これは、法華経において普賢菩薩と十羅刹女が共に「法華経を護持する者を守る」と誓っていることによるが、これらの女神がそばにいることも、 女性からの信仰を厚くする一因となった。
- This is because Fugen Bosatsu and Ju-rasetsunyo swear 'to guard people who defend Hoke-kyo Sutra' together in Hoke-kyo Sutra, and it became the reason for women's belief that these goddess's stay close to Fugen Bosatsu.
- 久遠実成 (くおんじつじょう) とは、法華経の教えにおいて、釈迦は35歳で悟りを開いたのではなく永遠の過去から仏(悟りを開いた者)となって輪廻転生してきているという考え方。
- 'Kuon jitsujo' is the thought in the teachings of Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) according to which Buddha was not enlightened at the age of thirty-five but was coming from the eternal past as Buddha (the enlightened one) by Rinne Tensho (the belief that all things are in flux through the endless circle of birth, death, and rebirth, or the circle of transmigration).
- 北条時頼の被官として、弘長2年(1262年)に西大寺_(奈良市)叡尊への使者となり、翌3年(1263年)には信濃国善光寺に時頼が不断経衆の免田を寄附した際の沙汰をしている。
- As a hikan (low-level bureaucrat) of Tokiyori HOJO, he played the role of messenger to Eison at Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City) in 1262 and in the following year, he adjudicated when Tokiyori donated the tax-exempt rice field of fudangyo-shu (people who read Buddhist scriptures every day) to Zenko-ji Temple in Shinano Province.
- (ただし上述したように、仏罰を説く宗派・団体においても、仏罰とは仏の悟った真理に背いたために自然に蒙る罰のことであり、仏や第三者が与えるものではないことに注意が必要である)
- (However, as mentioned above, attention should be paid to the fact that Butsubachi is the punishment given naturally because of the violation of truth enlightened by Buddha and is not given by Buddha and others even within the religious sects and groups which preach Butsubachi.
- 真言宗や法華宗の寺など、全く盆燈籠とは関係のない宗派であったにもかかわらず、参拝者が当然のように燈籠を持って押しかけるので、事後承諾的に盆燈籠を認めるようになった寺も多い。
- Many temples, including those of the Shingon Sect and the Hokke Sect that had no relation to bon toro at all, could not help allowing the visitors to bring bon toro, because the visitors brought their bon toro to graves quite casually.
- 『維摩経』には、維摩居士に問答でかなう者がいなかった時、居士の病床を釈迦の代理として見舞った文殊菩薩のみが対等に問答を交えたと記され、智慧の菩薩としての性格を際立たせている。
- 'Yuima-kyo Sutra' described that when nobody could argue with Yuima-koji, who was sick in bed, only Monju Bosatsu, who visited him in place of Shaka, exchanged questions and answers evenly, and this episode highlighted its character as the Bosatsu of wisdom.
- 通例、頭頂に仏面、頭上の正面側に菩薩面(3面)、左側(向かって右)に瞋怒面(3面)、右側(向かって左)に狗牙上出面(3面)、拝観者からは見えない背面に大笑面(1面)を表わす。
- Usually, Butsumen is put atop the head, Bosatsumen (three faces) at the front side on the head, Shinnumen (three faces) on the left side (on the observers' right), Kugejoshutsumen (three faces) on the right side (on the observers' left) and Daishomen (one face) on the back which can not be seen from observers.
- 後者の説によれば、家光が東海寺に沢庵を訪れた際、ダイコンのたくわえ漬を供したところ、家光が気に入り、「たくわえ漬にあらず沢庵漬なり」と命名したと伝えられるが風聞の域を出ない。
- According to the latter view, it is believed that when Takuan served takuwaezuke (literally, pickle to preserve) of daikon to Iemitsu taking the opportunity of his visit to Tokai-ji Temple, Iemitsu was satisfied with it and said 'It should be named Takuanzuke rather than takuwaezuke,' but this is no more than hearsay.
- 一方、一部の縄張り研究者は、杉山城の縄張りが詳細な設計プランがないと施工不可能なことや、後北条氏の滝山城における3つの虎口との類似性から、後北条氏の築城であると主張している。
- However, some supporters of the nawabari-based theory insist that Sugiyama-jo Castle was erected by the Gohojo clan since the construction of the nawabari in Sugiyama-jo Castle would be impossible without detailed design plans and Sugiyama-jo Castle's koguchi gate is similar to the three koguchi gates in Takiyama-jo Castle belonging to the Gohojo clan.
- 市内中心部でNPO法人が営業しているベロタクシーの拠点となっていたり、店舗を出したい起業希望者が京都市の助成を受けて屋台型店舗を出しているなど、流行の発信拠点にもなっている。
- It also plays a role as a vogue initiator: It provides a base of Velotaxi operated by an NPO in the city center; it lets entrepreneurs set up stall-type shops supported by a grant from Kyoto City.
- 後円部は四段築成で、四段築成の上に小円丘(径約44~46メートル、高さ4メートルの土壇、特殊器台が置かれていたと考えられる)がのったものと指摘する研究者(近藤義郎等)もある。
- Some scholars (such as Yoshiro KONDO) point out that the rear has four terraces and a small knoll (on which it is believed that a clay platform, whose diameter and height were approximately 44 to 46 and 4 meters, respectively, and special vessel stands were placed) on top of the terraces.
- 847年(承和14年)東寺二長者となり、その後853年(仁寿3年)京都東山に(永観堂)禅林寺 (京都市)を建立し、863年(貞観5年)禅林寺は清和天皇によって定額寺となった。
- He became the second manager of To-ji Temple in 847 and, subsequently, built (the Eikando) Zenrin-ji Temple in Higashiyama, Kyoto (Kyoto City) in 853, which was later selected as a Jogaku-ji temple (one of the temples next to national temples in rank) by the Emperor Seiwa in 863.
- ただし、自分も根本的には仏祖と同一であるという境地に到達した者には、一切の行動にことごとく仏道が含まれているという価値観が生じるため、坐禅に限らず念仏や読経も行うようになる。
- However, since a person who reaches the mental state where he or she is fundamentally the same entity as Buddha comes to have the value that all activities include Buddhism, he or she also comes to practice nenbutsu (Buddhist prayer) and sutra chanting as well as mediation.
- しかし、ひとまず思考・議論・学習を止めよと教えても、なぜ止めねばならないかについて思考・議論・学習を始めてしまうような思考癖のある修行者にとって、只管打坐は至難の方法となる。
- However, even after being taught to stop thinking, discussing and studying, Shikantaza is not an easy way for a practitioner of austerities who tends to start thinking, discussing and studying about the reason for them.
- ただ、禅宗は臨機応変であり、大乗仏教はあらゆる道に仏道が含まれていると考えるので、坐禅以外のことはしてはならないということはないが、このようなことは初心者には理解が及ばない。
- However, since the Zen sect is occasion-suited and Mahayana Buddhism considers Buddhism as being included in all ways, it does not forbid to do other things except mediation, but it is difficult for a beginner to understand these things.
- その一方、唯授一人の血脈相承者と称する日興門派の大石寺は総門を黒木の御所造(黒門)、三門は朱塗りで二天門には菊紋を施し勅使門を設けるなど、建築で自派の公家への影響力を主張した。
- On the other hand, Taiseki-ji Temple of the Nikko School, who are the successors of the same kechimyaku (heritage of the Law) of Yuiju Ichinin (succeed everything that the master knows about the art to only one excellent disciple), has installed the So-mon gate (main gate) in Palace-style, made of dark wood (Kuro-mon gate), and a red lacquered Sanmon gate and Niten-mon gate with kikumon (chrysanthemum crest) and Chokushi-mon gate (the gate for the Imperial Envoys) and they showed the power of their religious school to the court nobles with architecture.
- 度者には、官から得度を証明する文書として度牒が発給され、得度者の氏名や年齢、本貫地などを師僧が保障し、玄蕃寮、治部省などの官人や僧網の署名を得た後、太政官印を受けて支給された。
- The ones that were approved were issued an official certificate to prove the tokudo by government, and after the priestly teacher of the approved person guaranteed his name, age, and place where his family was officially registered, signed by officials and priests of Genbaryo and Jibusho (both ministries to manage diplomacy and registration of monks), it was provided with a seal by Daijokan (Grand Council of State).
- 現代では農家や手工業者のように、伝統的に土間で行われていた作業を家内産業として営む者は、庭など屋外の別空間を簡易的な屋根で覆うことにより、その役割を代替する事が多くなっている。
- Today, people who traditionally did their work in the doma of their own house, such as farmers and craftsmen, have increasingly come to replace the role of doma with a separate outdoor space, such as the yard, covered with a simple roof.
- 当時の勤め人の平均月給は五十円程度の時代で、伊藤はまだ会社勤務の技術者だったため、平均月給よりも高給を得ていたが、所持していた高価なカメラなどを処分しても三百円に足りなかった。
- In those days when the average monthly wages for salaried workers was about 50 yen, ITO's salary as an engineer was higher than the average but the money he managed to raise by selling his expensive camera and others was short of the 3 million yen.
- インドのシュラーヴァスティーにスダッタ(須達多)という、身寄りのない者を憐れんで食事を給していたため、人々から「給孤独者(anathapindada)」と呼ばれていた富豪がいた。
- There was a wealthy person named Sudatta in Sravasti, India, who was widely called 'Anathapindada' because he, out of a sense of pity, provided people without a family with food.
- 開目抄で「無智悪人の国土に充満の時は摂受を前(さき)とす、安楽行品(あんらくぎょうぼん)の如し。邪智謗法の者多き時は折伏を前とす、常不軽品(じょうふきょうぼん)の如し」と定めた。
- In his Kaimoku-sho (On the opening of the eyes, one of Nichiren's most important doctrinal treatises), he decided 'When the bad and the ignorant fill the land, put shoju first, like Anrakugyohon (Peaceful Practices, the fourteenth chapter of the Lotus Sutra). When the wrong and the malicious are so many, put shakubuku first, like Jofukyobon' ((Bodhisattva) Never Disparaging, the twentieth chapter of the Lotus Sutra).
- 2006年4月19日、大阪府茨木市の桑原遺跡の桑原古墳群で7世紀の埋没群集墳24基を検出した中の1基が八角墳であり中臣鎌足の墓の可能性を指摘する学者がでてマスコミに取り上げられた。
- On April 19, 2006, news media reported that a group of twenty-four buried tombs of the seventh century was detected in the Kuwanohara-kofun Tumuli of Kuwanohara-iseki Ruins in Ibaraki City, Osaka Prefecture, and an archaeologist remarked one of them was octagonal and might be NAKATOMI no Kamatari's tomb.
- 廃絶理由として、財源不足、後継者難、真言教団維持優先への路線転換、構想自体の非現実性、実際は朝廷による民衆懐柔のための一時的施設であったとする見方など、様々な理由があげられている。
- Regarding its abolishment, the various reasons cited include revenue shortfalls, a lack of successors, policy change to giving high priority to maintaining the Shingon-shu sect religious group, the unrealistic nature of the concept, the view that the Shugei Shuchiin school was actually a temporary facility to conciliate the people by the Imperial Court, and so on.
- たとえば、「一切は三証には如かず善無畏・一行が横難横死・空海・円仁が死去の有様・実に正法の行者是くの如くに有るべく候や」(教行証御書)などと述べて、真言宗などの祖師を否定している。
- For example, Nichiren says, 'There is nothing superior to sansho (three norms to be used for discrimination between right and wrong in religion), and thinking of Zenmui and Ichigyo who suffered onan (横難) oshi (横死), and the ways Kukai and Ennin died, I wonder how true practitioners of shobo (the true teachings of Buddha) could be like them' (in his 'Kyogyosho gosho,' Kyogyosho-writings or letters of superior) and so on, and denies founders of the Singon Sect and so forth.
- 歌舞伎 - 歌舞伎の創始者とされているのは女性であるが、各地で歌舞伎劇と売春を兼ねる集団が出現するなど風紀上の問題から、女人禁制となり、現在に連なる男性のみの「野郎歌舞伎」となった。
- Kabuki: Although the founder of kabuki was regarded as a woman, nyonin kinsei has been implemented because of the problems of morality such as the appearance of groups which played kabuki and provided prostitution, giving rise to 'Yaro Kabuki,' which persists in the present day.
- 確かに中国では、僧侶に徭役免除の特権が付与されたため、徭役免除を目的とした出家者が数多く現われ、そのために、国家が出家得度に定数を定めるなどの諸々の抑制策や規制を設けるようになった。
- Indeed in China, since the special privilege of exemption from labor was given to priests, many priests with the purpose of exemption from labor appeared, and because of that, the government established various restraining policies and regulations, such as limiting the numbers of priests receiving tokudo.
- 曹洞宗においては、俗に盂蘭盆会施餓鬼と言っているが、施す者と施される者の間に尊卑貴賤の差があると、厳に戒むべきものだとして、「施餓鬼会」を「施食会」(せじきえ)と改めて呼称している。
- In the Soto sect, it is commonly called Urabon-e Segaki, but the title of 'Segaki-e' was changed to 'Sejiki-e' because the high or the low and lord or loon should not be distinguished between the people who feed and those who are fed.
- 後者には『當麻曼荼羅註記』10巻、『観経秘決集』20巻、『選択密要決』5巻、『四十八願要釈鈔』2巻、『修業要決』1巻、『當麻曼荼羅供式』1巻、『當麻曼荼羅八講論義鈔』1巻などがある。
- The latter includes 'Taima Mandara Chuki' (annotation about Taima Mandala) of 10 volumes, 'Kangyo Hiketsu-Shu' (The key points of the Kanmuryoju-kyo sutra (The Sutra of Visualization of the Buddha of Measureless Life) of 20 volumes, 'Senchaku Mitsu Yoketsu' Senchaku Mitsu Yoketsu (literally, Buddhist scriptures about selecting Buddhism) of 5 volumes, 'Shujuhachi-gan Yoshakusho' (literally, commentary about Forty-eight Vows) of 2 volumes, 'Shugo Yoketsu' (Buddhist scriptures about ascetic practices) of 1 volume, 'Taima Mandara Kushiki' (the method to serve Taima Mandala) of 1 volume and 'Taima Mandara Hakko Rongisho' (eight lectures of Taima Mandala) of 1 volume, and so on.
- 碑文には、 正長元年ヨリ、 サキ者カンへ四カン、 カウニヲ井メアル、 ヘカラスと4行半にわたって陰刻されており、読み下せば「天正元年より先は、神戸四箇郷に負い目あるべからず」となる。
- The inscription is written for four and a half lines in incised characters, that says 'Shochogannen yori/sakiha kanhe shikan/kauni oime aru/hekarasu,' and if you go through the text normally, it reads, 'Shochogannen yori sakiha, kanbe 4 kagoni oime arubekarazu.'
- これは、他宗派においては、香を仏・法・僧の三者に供えると考えることに対し、浄土真宗では、仏の前に立つ者のマナーとして自分のにおいを清らかなものにするために香をたくと考えるためである。
- The background of the above difference is that while other sects consider that incense is offered to three of Butsu, Ho and So (Buddha, doctrine and monks), Jodo Shinshu Sect considers that the purpose of burning incense is to purify one's own smell as etiquette required for a person who stands in front of Buddha.
- 観音像には十一面観音、千手観音、如意輪観音など、多面多臂の変化(へんげ)観音と、こうした超人間的な姿ではない、1面2臂の観音像とがあり、後者を指して「聖観音」または「正観音」と称する。
- There are Henge Kannon (The transformations in which Kannon (Deity of Mercy) appears in order to save sentient beings) which has many faces and many arms such as Juichimen Kannon (Eleven-faced Kannon), Senju Kannon (Thousand Armed Kannon) and Nyoirin Kannon (the Bodhisattva of Compassion), and Kannon which has one face and two arms and do not have a superhuman figure; the latter is called 'Sho Kannon (聖観音 or 正観音).'
- 奈良県立橿原考古学研究所所長の末永雅雄の指揮のもと、現場での発掘は伊達宗泰 (考古学者)と関西大学助教授の網干善教を中心とした関西大学と龍谷大学の研究者・学生グループによって行われた。
- Under the supervision of Masao SUENAGA, the head of Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, the excavation works at the site were conducted by Muneyasu DATE (an archaeologist) and a group of researchers and students of Kansai University and Ryukoku University headed by Yoshinori ABOSHI, a professor of Kansai University.
- 日本列島以外では、近年韓国における考古学者の研究によって倭の支配を受けていたと見られる朝鮮半島南部から南西部にかけて5、6世紀に建造されたと見られる前方後円墳の存在が明らかになっている。
- With respect to areas outside the Japanese Archipelago, the recent research by Korean archeologists has revealed presence of the keyhole-shaped tumuli that seem to have been constructed in the fifth and sixth century in the southern and southwestern Korean Peninsula, which is considered to have been under the control of Wa (the oldest recorded name for Japan).
- これらの十種の利益(りやく)を得るのは、金剛の信心を獲得した者であり、そのためには真実行を行ずるだけで良く、それにより、阿弥陀仏から信心が廻向され、仏になることが定まると論じたのである。
- He concluded that only practicing 'shinjitsugyo' (recitation of nenbutsu) allowed sentient beings to attain the ten benefits which led to 'true faith', conferred by Amida Buddha, promising to become a Buddha.
- 京都大徳寺の精進料理は前者、飛騨高山の精進料理は後者の典型的なケースであり、いずれも分離していった懐石料理の手法を再び取り入れたりして、寺院のそれとはやや異なる風雅なものを生み出している。
- Shojin ryori of Daitoku-ji Temple, Kyoto, are examples of the former, and those of Hida Takayama are examples of the latter and both have created artistic dishes which are different from those of temples by reintroducing the technique of Kaiseki ryori (tea-ceremony dishes) that had been split off.
- 現在、修法を行う大阿闍梨(詳名・法務法印大阿闍梨、通称・大阿)は真言宗各派総大本山会所属の各宗派の管長・山主が毎年交代して務めているが、その年の大阿闍梨を務めた後に、真言宗長者に就任する。
- Currently, the role of Dai Ajari, who holds ascetic training (the more specific name is Homuhoin Dai Ajari (法務法印大阿闍梨), commonly known as Daia (大阿)) is alternated by the chief abbots of each sect belonging to the grand head temple's association of Shingon sect schools every year, and after serving as Dai Ajari he is installed as the chief abbot of the Shingon sect.
- 遊具などはそのまま残されていたが、2000年代以降の廃墟ブームによって若者らなどに無許可で立ち入られる事態が後を絶たず、所有者が危険であると判断、2008年9月末までに遊具を全て撤去した。
- The rides and other amusements were left in place as they were; however, with the rising number of such abandoned facilities from the year 2000, there was an unstoppable tide of young people and the like entering the park without permission, whereupon the owners decided the park posed a hazard, and removed all the rides and amusement facilities.
- ただし、このような学習を捨てて坐禅させるという方法は、師家の善良な監督下にあって庇護を受けることができる出家の僧侶に向けたものであり、在家の信者は坐禅と学習の両方を行う必要があるとされる。
- However, it is said that such a way to meditate instead of studying is suitable for priests who can be directed and guarded by good Zen masters and that lay believers need to do both mediation and studying.
- 自性輪身とは真理や悟りの境地そのものであって五仏に相当し、正法輪身は真理を説く者、すなわち五大菩薩に相当し、教令輪身は説法によって教化されない者を力づくで導こうとする者で五大明王に相当する。
- According to this theory, Jishorinjin represents the truth and the state of enlightment itself and corresponds to Gobutsu, Shoborinjin represents the one preaching the truth and corresponds to Godai Bosatsu and Kyoryorinjin represents the one forcibly guiding people who cannot be educated by preaching and corresponds to Godai Myoo, respectively.
- 立命館大学OBで、文化勲章受章者でもある故・白川静立命館大学名誉教授によってなされた東洋文字文化研究の研究成果を広く一般社会に普及させるとともに、さらなる研究を進める目的で設立された研究所。
- This research laboratory was established for making known to the general public the research accomplishments on oriental writing culture by late Shizuak SHIRAKAWA, professor emeritus of Ritsumeikan University, who was also an alumnus of Ritsumeikan University and a recipient of 'order of Culture,' and also for promoting the research in the field.
- なお、伝統仏教の流れを汲みつつ新宗教の一つともいわれる真如苑では、霊能者から与えられた「ご霊言」をもって日常生活の態度や信心のあり方を瞑想思惟することを「有相接心(うそうせっしん)」という。
- In Shinjoen, which is said to be one of the new religions that branched out from the traditional Buddhism, doing meditation and manas regarding the behavior and belief of the everyday life based on the 'spiritual word' given by a medium is called 'Uso Sesshin.'
- 「他人まかせ」や「太陽の働きや雨や風や空気、そのほかの自然の働き」という意味での使用は、本来の意味の誤用から転じ一般化したものであり、敬虔な浄土真宗信者(門徒)は、後者の表現を嫌悪・忌避する。
- Therefore the devoted followers of Jodo Shinshu choose not to use the word 'tariki' in such contexts like 'you depend on the other people too much', or 'it is due to the work of sun, rain, wind, air or other nature', because the true meaning of 'tariki' is not the influence of people or nature but Amidabutsu, though this misusage is pervasive now.
- そして95日目(同年4月5日)の暁の夢中に、聖徳太子が示現され(観音菩薩の化身が現れ)、「行者がこれまでの因縁によってたとい女犯があっても私(観音)が玉女の身となって、肉体の交わりを受けよう。
- On the 95th day of his seclusion (April 5th of the same year), he had a dream in which Prince Shotoku (or Kannon Bosatsu's incarnation) appeared and said, 'If you have sexual intercourse because of your previous karma, I will take your sin instead becoming the woman for you.
- 仏教儀式としての放生会は、中国天台宗の開祖智ギは、この流水長者の本生譚によって、漁民が雑魚を捨てている様子を見て憐れみ、自身の持ち物を売っては魚を買い取って放生池に放したことに始まるとされる。
- Hojoe as a Buddhist ritual is believed to have began with Chinese Tendai Sect founder Zhiyi who, in light of the story of Rusui choja was saddened by the sight of fishermen discarding small fish, sold his possessions to buy these fish and set them free.
- とくに承和元年(834年)12月から入滅までの3ヶ月間は、後七日御修法が申請から10日間で許可されその10日後には修法、また年分度者を獲得し金剛峯寺を定額寺とするなど、密度の濃い活動を行った。
- In particular, in the three months between January of 835 until his death, his activities were very aggressive as in the following: Practicing the Goshichinichi-mishiho was permitted only 10 days after the application, in 10 day after it, Shuho was actually practiced, acquired nenbundo-sha, and obtained the status of a Jogaku-ji temple for Kongobu-ji Temple.
- しかしのちに寺の伽藍・山門を建て、経典を購入して倉におさめ、山道の改修・天明飢饉の施米・宮川架橋・文化年間の伊勢大火罹災者の救済などに尽くす姿を見せ、人はみなその功徳に服すようになったという。
- However, afterwards, he constructed a Buddhist temple and Sanmon gate (temple gate), bought Buddhist scriptures to put in storage, reconstructed mountain trails, donated rice in the Tenmei Famine, constructed a bridge over the Miya-kawa River and helped victims in the Great Fire of Ise between 1804 and 1817, and all people who saw his sincere attitude working for others respected and appreciated his merits.
- なお太平記において日野資朝の息子阿新丸による仇討ちの話中、行者が明王に祈念して舟で追手の手から逃げのびるシーンは、「大法の船を設け普く苦海を度して彼岸に到らしむる」という部分のオマージュである。
- Moreover, in the story of revenge by Kumawakamaru, a son of Suketomo HINO in Taiheiki, the scene whereby the practitioner escapes from the pursuer by boat while praying for Myoo is an homage of the part, 'It brings to the opposite share over sea by the boat of Buddhism (大法).'
- しかし最澄が帰国して一年後に空海が唐から帰国すると、自身が唐で順暁から学んだ密教は傍系のものだと気づき、空海に礼を尽くして弟子となり密教を学ぼうとするも、次第に両者の仏教観の違いが顕れ決別した。
- When Kukai returned from Tang one year later after Saicho had returned, Saicho recognized that the Esoteric Buddhism he had learned in Tang from Jungyo was collateral and asked Kukai with the utmost courtesy to take him in as a disciple in order to study Esoteric Buddhism, but he eventually parted from Kukai due to their differences in views on Buddhism.
- 日蓮の法華経に対する純粋な姿勢も、南北朝時代 (日本)の戦乱や室町時代に入ると宗派が勢力を拡大していく過程の中で、他宗派との妥協や他宗派の信者からの施しを平気で受けるなど、次第に変質していった。
- Nichiren's pure worship of Hoke-kyo (Lotus Sutra) gradually changed as the wars continued during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and other sects expanded their influence during the Muromachi period; he compromised with other sects and did not hesitate to receive charity from believers of other sects.
- 奈良の春日大社の社家であった初代が、京都・鞍馬の奥の大非山にある、花背の「大悲山峰定寺」の再興に共鳴し、1895年(明治28年)に峰定寺参りの信者のために宿坊として建てたのが始まりとされている。
- The first owner, the chief of a shake (family of Shinto priests serving a shrine on a hereditary basis) of Kasuga-taisha Shrine in Nara, sympathized with the reconstruction of Bujo-ji Temple on Mt. Daihi in Hanase, located in Daihizan far from Kurama of Kyoto, and it is said that Miyamaso originated in the lodge he built for worshippers visiting the Bujo-ji Temple in 1895.
- これらの衆経ないし三蔵を、北朝 (中国)の北魏で「一切経」と呼び、南朝 (中国)の梁 (南朝)で「大蔵経」と呼んだといい、隋・唐初に及んで両者の名称が確立し、写経の書式も1行17字前後と定着した。
- These 衆経 (or Tripitaka) were said to be called 'Issai-kyo Sutra' in the northern Wei dynasty, meaning the Pei dynasty (China), while they were called 'Tripitaka' in Liang (Nanchao), meaning the Nan dynasty (China); both titles were established in Sui and the beginning of the Tang dynasty, and the form of manuscripts were determined as comprising 17 letters in a line.
- なお、仏事の法要は大抵七日ごとに七回あるのは、審理のたびに十王に対し死者への減罪の嘆願を行うためであり、追加の審理の三回についての追善法要は救い損ないを無くすための受け皿として機能していたようだ。
- Buddhist memorial services were customarily held seven times every seven days, because the bereaved family could pray to the Juo for seeking commutation for the dead person at every trial, while additional memorial services held in line with the additional three trials supposedly functioned to save all dead persons.
- さらに、招宝七郎とは道元和尚が帰国する際に、白蛇に化けて随伴し来たった護法善神で、陶弘景のことを指すのではないか、と可考した上で、大権修利と同体であると言う者も多いが疑わしい、と疑義を呈している。
- He then added that Shoho Shichiro was Goho Zenjin (deity protecting dharma) who accompanied Dogen osho (high priest) in the shape of an albino Japanese rat snake when he was returning to Japan, and Shoho Shichiro might refer to Tao Hong-jing; and also said it was doubtful that Shoho Shichiro was the same god as Daigen shuri, although many people supported this theory.
- 集中内観は研修所や病院などの静かな部屋に一週間こもり、外界とのやり取りを制限し、自分とかかわりの深い他者(特に母親が重視される)に対して自分がどうであったかを、次の三つの観点から調べるものである。
- Shuchu naikan consists of a week of confinement in a training center or hospital to restrict communication with the outside in order to make a client reflect on his or her attitude against a person who had a deep relationship with him or her (specifically focusing on mother) from the following three perspectives:
- 1898年(明治31年)に平安女学院のチャペルとして建設された当時は聖三一大聖堂と呼よばれていたが、1923年に平安女学院関係者によって聖アグネス教会が組織され、現在ではこちらの名称で呼ばれている。
- When constructed in 1898 as the chapel of Heian Jogakuin St. Agnes School, it was called 'Sei-san-ichi daiseido' (literally a sacred three-one cathedral), but St Agnes Church was organized in 1923 by persons related to Heian Jogakuin St. Agnes School and now, St Agnes Church is called a cathedral.
- 保存される経緯に、城主がそのまま所有者となったため保存されることになった犬山城天守や、民間(個人)では解体工事かかる費用が払えないという理由で残ったといわれる姫路城の建造物群のような事例は稀である。
- Inuyama-jo Castle keep came to be conserved because the castellan continued to be the owner of the castle, and the buildings in Himeji-jo Castle were said to be left unharmed because the private sector (individual) was not able to pay expenses for demolition work; these were rare examples.
- 興福寺像は頭部と上半身の一部を残すのみで大破している(他に、本像の右手部分が東京国立博物館に所蔵されているが、これは1904年(明治37年)、個人の所有者から当時の帝室博物館に寄贈されたものである)。
- The statue of Kofuku-ji Temple is badly damaged and only the head and a part of the upper body are remained (besides this, the right hand of this statue is in the possession of Tokyo National Museum, which was donated by an individual owner in 1904 to the then Imperial Museum).
- 大阪の平野 (大阪市)の大念仏寺をはじめ、京都の清凉寺や壬生寺などで融通念仏が盛んになり、壬生寺や清凉寺、引接寺 (京都市)、神泉苑には融通念仏の中興者である円覚上人による大念仏狂言が伝えられている。
- Yuzu Nenbutsu became popular, such as in Dainenbutsu-ji Temple at Hirano (Osaka City) in Osaka and Seiryo-ji Temple and Mibu-dera Temple in Kyoto, and Dainenbutsu-kyogen Dainenbutsu Kyogen (Kyogen (farce played during a No play cycle) to teach Buddhism to the public) by Engaku Shonin, the restorer of Yuzu Nenbutsu, and has been transmitted at Mibu-dera Temple, Seiryo-ji Temple, Injo-ji Temple (Kyoto City) and Shinsen-en.
- 今西家住宅は、棟札と呼ばれる上棟時の年号や施主名や大工棟梁を初めとする施工関係者の名を墨書きした細長い板や、屋根の棟の端部を飾る鬼瓦に刻まれた鬼瓦銘と呼ぶ刻銘によって慶安3年の建立年代が明らかである。
- It is clear that the Imanishi-ke Jutaku was built in 1650 because of a long and narrow board referred to as munafuda bearing the year when the framework was completed, name of the client and the other people concerned with the construction including the master carpenter written in ink as well as an inscription referred to as onigawara-mei that was carved on the onigawara (Japanese gargoyle roof tile) that are used to decorate the ends of the roof ridges.
- また、弘安5年(1282年)に四天王寺別当の地位を巡って天台座主(延暦寺)の最源と園城寺長吏の隆弁が自派の候補を出し合って争った際には、朝廷の懇願を受けて両者と利害関係のない叡尊が別当に就任している。
- In 1282 when Saigen who was the Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) (Enryaku-ji Temple) disputed with Ryuben who was the Chori (chief priest) of Onjo-ji Temple, over the position of betto (steward) of Shitenno-ji Temple by supporting candidates of their own, Eison was appointed to the betto by an entreaty of the Imperial Court because he was not concerted in both parties.
- もっとも無量寿経仏説無量寿経では五逆(父か母か僧の殺害、仏の身体への傷害、教団内の対立惹起、のいずれか)の罪を犯した者と正法を謗る者は四十八願第十八願による救済の対象から除かれることが明記されている。
- However, in Muryoju-kyo Bussetu Muryoju-kyo Sutra there is a description that a person who commits gogyaku (the five heinous deeds, a murder of father, mother, or priest, to hurt the body of Buddha, or to bring a conflict in the religious group) and a person who libels the True Dharma are excepted from the relief of the eighteenth vow among forty-eight vows.
- 文明が進んで、山道などが整備されると、信心深い女性が逆に修験者を頼って登山してくるようになり、困った修験者たちが結界石を置いてタブーの範囲を決め、その外側に女人堂を置いて祈祷や説法を行なったのだとする。
- Once the mountain path had come to be maintained well in accordance with civilization, religious women began to climb the mountains, relying on the mountaineering ascetic; this confounded the mountaineering ascetics, who then determined the borderlines of taboo by putting barrier stones and built women's halls for prayer and preaching.
- この急速な布教展開は他宗派関係者や鎌倉幕府内権力者の警戒心を招き、1279年(弘安2年)には熱原郷付近の僧俗が徹底的な弾圧を受け、最終的に3名の農民信徒が殉教を遂げるという事件も起きている(熱原法難)。
- This rapid movement of propagation caused suspicions among the people of other religious sects or the authorities within Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and in 1279 the monks and ordinary people around Atsuhara village were suppressed badly, and finally there was an incident where three believers of farmers became martyrs (Atsuhara Persecution).
- 過去に東方宝浄国にて法華経の教えによって悟りを開いた多宝如来は「十方世界(世界のどこにでも)に法華経を説く者があれば、自分が宝塔とともに出現し、その正しさを証明しよう」という誓願を立てていたのであった。
- Taho Nyorai who in the past, reached enlightenment by the teachings of Hoke-kyo Sutra in the land called Treasure Purity in the east pledged to himself, 'If there's anyone anywhere in the world who preaches Hoke-kyo Sutra, I will appear with a hoto and prove its truthfulness.'
- 日蓮は『開目抄』で「一念三千の法門は但法華経の本門・寿量品の文の底にしづ(沈)めたり、竜樹・天親・知ってしかも・いまだ・ひろ(拾)い・いだ(出)さず但我が天台智者のみこれをいだ(懐)けり」と述べている。
- Nichiren said in 'Kaimokusho' (Liberation from Blindness) that 'the doctrine of Ichinen sanzen sunk under the words of Hokekyo Honmon Juryo Hon, and even though Ryuju and Tenjin knew about it, they couldn't reach the doctrine, and only the men who earned enlightenment in my Tendai can get a hold of it.'
- また、漢字翻訳によるこの五字の題目を本仏の名号と見なして南無(帰命)しようとする立場の者から見れば、五字の題目に込められた教えの実践法とは八巻二十八品ではなく、七字の題目すなわち「南無妙法蓮華経」となる。
- Moreover, from the viewpoint of a person who tries to regard the Nichiren chant of five Chinese characters as Myogo (Amida's name) of the Original Buddha, the way of practice on teaching in five letters of the Nichiren chant is not Volume 8 Chapter 28 but instead the seven-letter Nichiren chant, which is, 'Namu Myohorenge-kyo (南無妙法蓮華経).'
- 住職や講義僧がここで経典の講読や説法を信者や他の僧侶に向けて行い、特に禅宗では、ここで法席に昇って説法することを「上堂説法」と言い、そこで話された内容を上堂語と言い、『臨済録』などの語録に収録されている。
- The head priest and lecturing priests make lectures about Buddhist scriptures and preachings against Buddhists and other priests, and especially in the Zen sect, it is called 'Jodo Seppo' to make preachings up on the hoseki (seat for preachers), and the contents of the preachings, which are called jodogo, are recorded in goroku (collection of quotations) such as 'Rinzai Roku' (the record of Rinzai's teachings).
- このほかに、歌人・作家の吉井勇(1886 - 1960)の蔵書、遺品などからなる「吉井勇資料」、マルクス経済学者河上肇の著書や彼に関する資料、原稿、遺品などからなる「河上肇文庫」などのコレクションもある。
- It also has 'Yoshii Isamu Shiryo Materials' consisting of the book collection and relics of Isamu YOSHII (a poet and novelist, 1886 - 1960), and 'Kawakami Hajime Bunko' (Hajime Kawakami Library) consisting of Marxist Economist Hajime KAWAKAMI's books, related materials to him, his manuscripts, and relics.
- ヴァイシュラヴァナという称号は本来「ヴィシュラヴァス(vizravas)神の息子」という意味で、彼の父親の名に由来するが、「よく聞く所の者」という意味にも解釈できるため、多聞天 (たもんてん)とも訳される。
- The title of vaizravaNa originally meant 'the son of vizravas,' so it originated from his father's name, but it can be interpreted as 'a man who listens very well' so that it is also translated as Tamonten.
- 宗祖・空海(774 - 835年)は、讃岐国屏風浦(現・香川県善通寺市)の出身で、仏教者であるとともに思想家、著述家、また「三筆」の1人に数えられる能書家として、後の日本文化に多大な影響を与えた人物である。
- The founder of the sect, Kukai (774-835) was born at Byobu-ga-ura Sanuki-no-kuni (讃岐国屏風浦) (current Zentsu-ji City, Kagawa Prefecture); and as a thinker, writer and talented calligrapher from among the Sanpitsu (the three great calligraphers of history), as well as a Buddhist, he had a strong influence on Japanese culture in later years.
- また合理性を重んじ、作法や教えも簡潔であったことから、近世には庶民に広く受け入れられたが、他の宗派からはかえって反発を買い、「門徒物知らず」(門徒とは真宗の信者のこと)などと揶揄される事もしばしばであった。
- Since it values rationality and has simple manners and teachings, it was widely accepted among the public in early modern ages, but on the other hand, it provoked antipathy from other sects and often got ridicule such as 'Monto (Shinshu followers) know nothing'.
- 1483年(文明_(日本)15年)長兄である順如の死没により改めて法嗣となり(そのため、法主が後継者指名に用いた譲状が実如には2枚存在する)、1489年(延徳8年)父蓮如のあとを受けて本願寺第9世となった。
- But in 1483, with the death of his eldest brother Junnyo, Jitsunyo was once again made successor (and for that reason, there are actually two letters of inheritance, used by his father the chief priest to name his successor, in existence that designate Jitsunyo his heir), and in 1489, he succeeded his father Rennyo and became the ninth abbot of Hongan-ji Temple.
- 大西 良慶(おおにしりょうけい, 1875年(明治8年)12月21日 - 1983年(昭和58年)2月15日)は、京都清水寺の貫主を務め、その晩年は日本の長寿記録保持者としても有名であった法相宗 の僧である。
- Ryokei ONISHI (December 21, 1875 - February 15, 1983) was a Hosso Sect Buddhist monk who served as head priest of Kiyomizu-dera Temple in Kyoto and in his later years was also renowned for holding the record as the oldest person in Japan.
- これらは、寺院創建当初の古代にあって本尊仏を祀った建物を「金堂」とし、時代の変遷のなかで信仰対象の中心がかわり、のちに当該寺院の中心的な施設となった建物を「本堂」と称して、両者を使い分けるようになったものである。
- These temples use 'Kondo' for the building in which the main object of worship was enshrined when it was founded in the ancient times, but they use 'Hondo' for the building that later became the main building of the temple due to the change in the object of worship over time.
- また往生術に関する多くの手引書では、死の看取り手は臨終者に対して、回復するかも知れないという幻想を与えるべきではないとし、臨終者が死を自然に受け入れることができるよう、できるだけの手助けをすべきであると説いている。
- Many guidebooks on the art of dying argue that the person who attends someone's death should not give the dying person the illusion that recovery may be possible, but should try his or her best to help the dying person to accept the death naturally.
- 東大寺の再建には財政的、技術的に多大な困難があったが、養和元年(1181年)、重源は被害状況を視察に来た後白河法皇の使者である藤原行隆に東大寺再建を進言し、それに賛意を示した行隆の推挙を受けて東大寺大勧進職に就いた。
- The restoration of Todai-ji Temple was hampered by many financial and technical problems but in 1881 after Chogen came to inspect the damage, he made a proposal for the temple's restoration to Emperor Goshirakawa's messenger FUJIWARA no Yukitaka, who agreed and appointed him Todai-ji Temple Daikanjin.
- どちらの場合もインフラ整備には少なからぬ時間と費用を要し、団地建設のためには団地建設を費用面から支える一定規模以上の事業者や入居者が必要となり、団地建設にかかる建設費用との対比によって採算性が問われ、事業決定される。
- Both types of projects require a considerable amount of time and money, and a large enough business and number of tenants are necessary in order for a danchi to be constructed; a comparison of the costs involved means that profitability must be investigated before a decision is taken as to whether to proceed.
- ヨーロッパでは地盤が磐石で、また19世紀より産業革命で都市部への人口集中がおこったため、これらの労働者へ住居を提供するためにアパートメントが発達し、また当時の建物が改築こそされてはいるがそのまま現存・利用されている。
- In Europe, where the ground is rock-solid, the population influx to the urban areas in the 19th century, induced by the Industrial Revolution, triggered the development of apartment houses in order to provide the workers with living places, and those buildings constructed at that time have been conserved and still used today, although they underwent renovations.
- 「無門関」第2則の「百丈野狐」の公案には、前世に百丈山にいた老人が、かつて覚った者は「因果に落ちない」と言い、「空」の境涯のみを持ち上げて因果の理法を無視したが為に、五百生の間、野狐身の畜生道に堕したという話がある。
- In a koan (a Zen question for use in meditation) within the 'Hyakujonoyako,' the second rule of 'Mumonkan,' there is a story about an old man who lived in Mt. Hyakujo in a previous life who claims that those who have once reached enlightenment do not 'fall into inga (cause and effect; karma).' Instead, by concentrating only on a state of 'ku' (emptiness) and ignoring the principle of inga, they fall into a state of chikushodo (the realm of animals) as a yako for five-hundred lifetimes.
- また、中国で成立した浄土教は仏教を爆発的に民衆の間に広め、僧侶を介しての仏への信仰から個々の信者自身が直接仏へ信仰する形態が一般社会に定着し、数珠や仏画などの仏具を僧侶ではない普通の信者が家庭で使用するようになった。
- Further, as Jodo-kyo (Pure Land teachings), which had originated in China, helped the explosive diffusion of Buddhism among ordinary people, and ordinary lay believers began worshipping Buddha directly by themselves rather than through Buddhist monks and as a result, Buddhist altar fittings such as Juzu (beads) and Buddhist pictures were brought into use by lay believers at their home.
- チベットの四大宗派のひとつニンマ派では、ある時期に埋蔵された経典(テルマ gter-ma)が、時を経て、しかるべき定めを帯びたテルトン(埋蔵経典発掘者)によって発見されたとする経、論を多数有し、同派の特徴となっている。
- The rNying-ma School, one of the four major religious sects in Tibet, characteristically has many sutras and abhidharmas, which insist that Buddhist sutras (gter-ma) hidden underground during a certain time were after a long time discovered by predetermined gter ston (people who excavated hidden Buddhist sutras).
- 明治維新の後は、城郭や陣屋にあった建物は天守も、民間によって或は、軍事施設・土地としての接収によってほとんどは払い下げ、破却されたが、中には市民運動や公人・軍関係者などの保存の働きかけなどによって保存された天守がある。
- After the Meiji Restoration, most of the structures including Tenshu which were in castles and Jinya (regional government office) were disposed of by the private sector or by government as requisitioned military facilities/land and knocked down; however, some Tenshu were conserved as a result of the civic movement and approaches by public officials/military personnel for conservation.
- 本沢 竹雲(もとさわ ちくうん、1836年3月26日(天保7年2月10日_(旧暦))- 1907年(明治40年)10月13日)は「チョンマゲ学校」として知られる山形県東村山郡所在の格知学舎を開いた浄土真宗の僧で漢学者。
- Chikuun MOTOSAWA (March 26, 1836 - October 13, 1907) was a priest of Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) and a Japanese scholar of the Chinese classics, who founded Kakuchi gakusha (the Kakuchi school), known as 'Chonmage gakko' (the school of must-wear a Japanese topknot), located in the present Higashi Murayama-gun, Yamagata Prefecture.
- 『法華玄義』序には「妙者褒美不可思議之法也」、『維摩経』仏国品では「以斯妙法済群生」、また『法華経』方便品に「我法妙難思」、『涅槃経』名字功徳品「所説の種々の妙法、秘密深奥蔵門、悉くみなこの大般涅槃に入る」などとある。
- 'Hokke gengi' (subtle and profound essentials of the Lotus Sutra) mentions in its introduction that Myosha (skilled men) are rewarded with mysterious dharma; 'Yuimagyo' (Vimalakirti Sutra) mentions in its Bukkokuhon that public people may be rescued by this Myoho (supreme dharma); 'Hokekyo' mentions in its Hobenhon that Homyo (supreme dharma) is difficult to understand; 'Nehangyo' (the Nirvana Sutra) mentions in its Myoji-kudokuhon that any Myoho dharma of various theories, as well as any secrecy kept deep in warehouses, are all destined to enter the Great Nirvana.
- 「門徒物知らず」とは、阿弥陀仏一仏に帰依をして、他の神仏を顧みないために、土地の神仏に関わる儀礼や風習にも関心を持たず、死者儀礼などに関わる習俗にも従わない真宗門徒の姿を、他宗の立場から「物知らず」と揶揄するものである。
- Monto mono shirazu' is a phrase that ridicules the believers of Jodo Shinshu Sect, from the standpoint of other sects, who believe solely in Amida Buddha without paying any respect to other deities and Buddha and as a result, neither pay attention to rituals and practices concerning local deities and Buddha nor follow even the customs concerning funerals of the dead.
- 他宗においては香典の表書きは、四十九日以前は死者が未だ成仏していないため、通夜・葬儀・告別式、四十九日法要前弔問して仏前に供える場合は「御霊前」、四十九日以降の法要に供える場合は「御佛前」として表書きをするのが通例である。
- In other sects, it is common to write 'goreizen' (to the spirit of a dead person) on kodenbukuro (a condolence-money envelope) when attending Tsuya (funeral wake), a funeral or Buddhist memorial service to be held before the 49th day after one's death because the deceased has yet to attain Buddhahood and 'gobutsuzen' (to a dead person in the other world) when attending Buddhist memorial service to be held after 49th day memorial service.
- 元来、日本の大学寮は唐の国子監をモデルとした制度であったが、国子監の運営の中心にあたっていた儒学者は『孝経』などを引用して僧侶は親から貰った頭髪を剃り、親を捨てて寺院に籠るのは「孝」に反するとして、強い排仏意識を有していた。
- Originally, Daigakuryo in Japan was a system that was modeled after the Kokushikan (an educational system in China) of the Tang Dynasty, but the Confucian scholars, who were the main managers of Kokushikan, were strongly anti-Buddhist because shaving the hair which were given from the parents and secluding oneself in a temple, and leaving ones parents was against the principle of 'ko' (serving well to one's parents), quoted in 'Kokyo' (The book of filial piety).
- この本仏は紀元前のユーラシア大陸のインドに生まれて肉体を持ち八十年生きたと言うゴータマ・シッダルタ(釈迦)とは論者により必ずしも同体ではないが、ユーラシア大陸に生まれたゴータマ・シッダルタ(釈迦)の精神とも言える存在である。
- This Honbutsu is not necessarily recognized as identical with Gotama Siddhattha (Shaka), who was born in India of Eurasia continent before Christ and lived in flesh and blood for eighty years, but it may be considered as the spirit of Gotama Siddhattha himself.
- カンギュルとは釈尊のことばそのものである「カー」をチベット語に「ギュル」(翻訳)したもの、テンギュルとは、竜樹らインドの仏教学者たちが「カー」に対してほどこした注釈である「テン」をチベット語に「ギュル」したもの、の意味である。
- Bkah-hgyur means 'hgyur (translation)' of 'Bkah,' i.e., Syakamuni's word itself, and Bstan-hgyur means 'hgyur (translation)' of 'Bstan,' i.e., a commentary of 'Bkah' by scholars of Indian Buddhism such as Ryuju.
- 近衛家の遠祖にあたる藤原道長(966 - 1028)の自筆日記『御堂関白記』から、20世紀の近衛文麿の関係資料まで、1,000年以上にわたる歴史資料を収蔵し、研究者に閲覧の便を図るとともに、影印本の刊行などの事業を行っている。
- It stores historical materials that are over a thousand years old from the 'Mido Kanpakuki,' diary by FUJIWARA no Michinaga (966 - 1028) in his own handwriting, an ancestor of the Konoe family, to the documents related to Fumimaro KONOE in the twentieth century, and it not only lets researchers read them but also publishes facsimile editions of them.
- すなわちそれが垂孤の法則(天は本来平面であるが、見た目には観察者の頭上を中心に東西南北に垂れ下がり、あたかも半円のように見える)と縮象の法則(頭上に近いあたりは広く、地面に近いあたりは狭く見える錯覚を起こす)という主張である。
- That is to say, he explained the two laws; Law of Suiko (although the sky is originally flat, from the eyes of an observer, it looks as though it hung down in four directions with the space above the observer as the center, and it also looks like a semicircle); and the Law of Shukusho (the observer has an illusion that the area near his/her head looks spacious and the area near the ground looks narrow).
- 独特の威儀を持ち、念仏禅を特徴とする明朝禅を日本に伝え、やや先に渡来した道者超元(? - 1660年, 1651年来朝、1658年帰国)と共に、当時の禅宗界に多大な影響を与え、臨済宗・曹洞宗二宗の復興運動にも大きな影響を与えた。
- He introduced Zen Buddhism of the Ming Dynasty that was characterized by nenbutsu-zen (Zen training with Buddhist invocation) to Japan, and keeping his unique solemn manner, he made a great impact on the Zen Buddhism world at that time to give large stimulation to the recovery movement of the Rinzai Sect and the Soto Sect, along with Dosha Chogen (unknown – 1660: he came to Japan in 1651, and returned to China in 1658) who had come to Japan little earlier than him.
- 極楽往生のしかたには、信仰の篤い者から極悪人まで9通りの段階があるとされ、「上品上生」(じょうぼんじょうしょう)から始まって「上品中生」「上品下生」「中品上生」「中品中生」「中品下生」「下品上生」「下品中生」「下品下生」に至る。
- It is assumed that there are nine grades of gokuraku ojo (dying peacefully to be born in the Pure Land) from very religious people to accomplished villains as listed below: starting with 'jobon josho' (Upper grade: upper birth), 'jobon chusho' (Upper grade: middle birth), 'jobon gesho' (Upper grade: lower birth), 'chubon josho' (Middle grade: upper birth), 'chubon chusho' (Middle grade: middle birth), 'chubon gesho' (Middle grade: lower birth), 'gebon josho' (Lower grade: upper birth), 'gebon chusho' (Lower grade: middle birth) and 'gebon gesho' (Lower grade: lower birth).
- 2001年から2002年にかけて起きたカビの大量発生と西壁の損傷事故については第三者による調査委員会(高松塚古墳取合部天井の崩落止め工事及び石室西壁の損傷事故に関する調査委員会、座長石沢良昭・上智大学学長)において再調査された。
- The third party investigation committee (the committee to investigate the work for preventing the collapse of the ceiling in the Toriaibu of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus and the damage incidents of the west wall of the chamber, headed by Yoshiaki ISHIZAWA, president of Sophia University) reinvestigated the growth of a large amount of fungi and the occurrence of damage incidents of the west wall between 2001 and 2002.
- しかし、釈迦の死後100年が経過すると、信者から寄付された最低限の金銭や日用品の個人所有の許可を求める一派と、戒律を遵守する保守派に教団が分裂し(根本分裂)、許可派では僧侶の三衣一鉢以外の金品の個人所有が認められるようになった。
- After 100 years had passed after the death of Shaka, however, monks were divided into two groups (fundamental schism), a group which requested permitting the ownership of minimum money and daily necessities that were donated by believers, and a conservative group which stuck to Buddhist precepts, and monks belonging to the former group were allowed to own money and other articles other than sanne-ippatsu.
- 『金光明経』長者子流水品には、釈迦仏の三世であった流水(るすい)長者が、大きな池で水が涸渇して死にかけた無数の魚たちを助けて説法をして放生したところ、魚たちは三十三天に転生して流水長者に感謝報恩したというジャータカが説かれている。
- In Rusui choja (sresthin 'Flowing Water') chapter of the 'Konkomyo-kyo Sutra' (Golden Light Sutra), there is a Jataka tale (Buddhist Tale) that tells how when Sakyamuni Buddha's previous incarnation, Rusui choja, helped countless fish that faced death when a large lake dried up and released them to safety, the fish were reincarnated into the Heaven of the Thirty-three Celestials and repaid Rusui choja for his kindness.
- すべて宗門に属する者は、常に自信教人信(一人ひとりにおいて浄土真宗の教えを常に受け止め直し、それを他の人とともに確かめてゆくこと)の誠を尽くし、同朋社会の顕現(ともに阿弥陀仏の浄土に向かって歩む社会生活を実践し続けること)に努める。
- All people who believe in the sect make efforts to review the teachings of the Jodo Shinshu sect, by each person constantly, and confirm it with others, and continuously practice the social life toward attainment of the Buddhist paradise of Amitabha Buddha.
- この御本尊に朝夕に勤行唱題することこそが、”どんな者でも必ず仏になれる”という法華経の文底に秘沈された事の一念三千の法を、単なる理屈ではなく、実際に一生成仏を遂げるための実践法、つまり観心修行として体現するものであることが知られる。
- This Honzon is known to express soul-searching training, in other words, the actual practical method for attaining enlightenment with one life rather than just the theory of the Three Thousand Realms Contained in One Mind that is the core of the Hoke-kyo Sutra being 'Anyone can certainly become a Buddha' by working and chanting every morning and evening to this Honzon.
- これによって、これまで、宗祖親鸞聖人以来の本願寺の法統を伝承する師主(指導者)という位置付けであった「法主」を廃し、権限を有しない宗派統合の象徴という位置付けの「門首」を新たに設け、光暢をスライド就任させた(光暢本人は就任を拒否)。
- Following the new constitution, the reformist group abolished the position of 'Hossu,' effectively the Shishu (leader) who had passed down the tradition of Buddhism particular to Hongan-ji Temple since its establishment by the founder of the sect, Shinran Shonin, and instead established a new position of 'Monshu' (chief priest), which was regarded as a symbol of integration between sects and which lacked authority, and attempted to install Kocho OTANI in the position, however Kocho rejected the promotion.
- この結果、木造・モルタル壁などの4〜5階建ての集合住宅がロンドン市内には普遍的に見られ、これらは幾度もの所有者の変更により、住宅・商店・宿泊施設(BB(Bed Breakfastの略)と呼ばれる安宿など)に利用されている建物もある。
- As a result, wooden or mortar-walled collective housings with 4 or 5 stories are commonly seen in London City, and among them there are buildings currently used as a dwelling house, shop, or a lodging establishment such as B&B (abbreviation of bread and breakfast), after their ownership had changed various times.
- 各末寺の法華講の役員には講中の代表者の講頭、副講頭、幹事、会計がいるが、法華講の役員はすべて「組世話役」と定義され、他の寺院に所属する講員に対して指導することは指導教師(住職・主管)に対する越権行為に当たるのでしないことになっている。
- As the board member of Hokke Ko of each branch temple, there are koto (the head of the Ko), fuku-koto (vice head of the Ko), kanji (organizer), and kaikei (account) of representatives of kochu and they are all defined as 'Kumi-sewayaku' (careers of the religious group) not to teach members of Ko belonged to other temples since it is regarded as an ultravires act against chief kyoshi (the chief priest and shukan (supervisor)).
- たとえば、江戸時代の儒学者、太宰春台は『聖学問答』で「一向宗の門徒は、弥陀一仏を信ずること専らにして他の仏神を信ぜず、いかなることありても祈祷などすることなく、病苦ありても呪術・お守りをもちいず。みなこれ親鸞氏の力なり」と書いている。
- For instance, Shundai DAZAI, a Confucian scholar in the Edo period, wrote in his book 'Seigaku Mondo' (Questions and Answers on Religious Scholarship) as 'Believers of Ikko Sect (Jodo Shinshu Sect) solely believe in Amida Buddha, do not believe in any other Buddha and deities, do not conduct a prayer under any circumstances and do not use magic rituals or charms even when they are sick. All of the above are attributable to Shinran's influence.'
- 大自在天は「持明者(インドの魔法を使う精霊、ここでは夜叉明王)が使いとして来るだろうが、奴らは不浄なものを嫌うから、不浄なものを幻術で作り出し四方に張り、その中にいれば持明者の明術も役にたつまい」として結界を張り、近寄れないようにした。
- Daijizaiten said, 'Jimyo-sya (持明者) (the spirit that uses magic in India, Yasha Myoo in this story) will come as a messenger, but its magic will become useless if I create dirty things with my magic, place them all around and stay inside,' and put up a barrier (結界) in order so as not to be approached.
- ほか、建物の配置や様子からは寝殿造を踏襲しているとみられること、武家の邸宅らしく築地の上に板屋根をのせて盛り土をし、門扉にも金具が打たれていること、屋敷周辺には警護の者が控えているなど防衛のための手立てがなされていることが描かれてもいる。
- Considering from the layout and look of the buildings, the painting shows that as shinden-zukuri style was followed, but also depicts aspects typical of a samurai residence such as earth on flat board roofs on top of mud walls, metal clasps used for the gate doors and guards placed around the residence for defence.
- 本来、僧侶になるには、仏教教団の10名の先輩構成員(三師七証)の承認があり、戒律を護る事を誓えば誰にでもなれるものであったが、中国や日本に於いては、労働、納税、兵役を免除されていたため、僧侶になる者が続出し、国家の財政を脅かす事態となった。
- Originally, everyone could become a priest if he had the approval of ten senior members of Buddhist society (sanshi-shichisho (three leaders and seven witnesses) and an oath to obey religious precepts, but because they were exempted from labors, tax payments, and military service in China and in Japan, many people became priests one after the other and developed into a situation threatening the national finances.
- とりわけ、1960年(昭和35年)の第3代会長池田大作(現・名誉会長)の会長就任以降、大石寺には、従来の法華講(旧来の檀家)と創価学会信者の寄進により客殿 (大石寺)や正本堂 (大石寺)などが建立されるなど、長らく双方の間には蜜月状態が続いた。
- Especially after Taisaku IKEDA became the third president, (current chairperson emeritus) in 1960, it was the best time for Nichiren Shoshu Sect and Soka Gakkai, since kyakuden (guest hall) (Taiseki-ji Temple) and Shohon-do (Taiseki-ji Temple) were built with the donations from former Hokke Ko (the former Buddhist parishioner) and believers of Soka Gakkai.
- しかし、最初の築城者となるとまったく不明であり、あえて推定するならば、縣荘を支配していた、門川伊東氏関連かと思われるが、後述の「古城」や「中野城」あるいは「中城」との関係や、この地域を最近まで「本村」と呼んでいたことも考慮して考える必要がある。
- However, when it comes to the first builder, it is absolutely unknown, and rather if we were to guess, it could be someone related to Kadokawa Ito clan who occupied Agata no sho, however it is also necessary to consider the relationship with the 'Furushiro' (Old Castle), 'Nakano-jo Castle' or 'Naka no shiro Castle' mentioned later, as well as that this area was called 'Hon-mura' (main village) until recently.
- 東大寺の再建については、周防国の税収を再建費用に当てることが許されたが、重源自らも勧進聖や勧進僧、土木建築や美術装飾に関わる技術者・職人を集めて組織して、勧進活動によって再興に必要な資金を集め、それを元手に技術者や職人が実際の再建事業に従事した。
- It was permitted that the taxes collected in Suo Province could be used to cover the reconstruction costs of Todai-ji Temple but Chogen personally assembled and organized fundraising monks, civil engineers and artists as well as soliciting donations to raise the funds required to rebuild the temple before proceeding with reconstruction work.
- 五相成身観とは、行者(ぎょうじゃ)の汚れた心を、瑜伽(ゆが)の観法を通じて見きわめ、その清浄(しょうじょう)な姿がそのまま如来の智慧(ちえ)に他ならないことを知り、如来と行者が一体化して、行者に本来そなわる如来の智慧を発見するための実践法である。
- Goso jojin kan is an original practice to endow devotees with discovering the wisdom of Nyorai: This practice involved having the impure hearts of disciples attain the knowledge of Nyorai (Tathagata; perfected one) through yoga methods of contemplation; as they realized the pure figure of Nyorai, they would realize the prajna (insight leading to enlightenment), that it could become nothing else and they could become one with Nyorai.
- 天正元年(1573年)12月12日付山県越前守・井上春忠宛書状で、「信長之代、五年、三年は持たるべく候。明年辺は公家などに成さるべく候かと見及び申候。左候て後、高ころびに、あおのけに転ばれ候ずると見え申候。藤吉郎さりとてはの者にて候」と書いてある。
- In the letter to Yamagata Echizen-no-kami (Lord of Echizen province) Harutada INOUE as of December 12, 1573, he wrote that 'Nobunaga's government will not continue for five or three years. He seems to become a court noble around next year. I think he will be subverted after that. Tokichiro (Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) is really something.'
- しかしながら、『続日本後紀』に記された淳和天皇が高野山に下した院宣に空海の荼毘に関する件が見えること、空海入定直後に東寺長者の実慧が青竜寺へ送った手紙の中に空海を荼毘に付したと取れる記述があることなど、いくつかの根拠を示して火葬されたとする説もある。
- However, there is a view of considering that his body was cremated, based on the following descriptions: 'Shoku Nihon Koki' describes that an Inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) that Emperor Junna sent to the Mt. Koya included an item related the cremation of Kukai's body, and a letter Jichie, To-ji choja at that time, sent to Qinglong Temple included a description that could be considered that Kukai's body had been cremated.
- なお、混同されやすいが、東京都台東区の東本願寺 (東京都台東区)を本山とする浄土真宗東本願寺派(末寺数 三百数十)は、宗派のあり方をめぐる見解の相違により、1981年に真宗大谷派から離脱・独立したもので、現在、両者は別個の宗教法人である(⇒お東騒動)。
- Additionally, although it is often confused, the Jodo Shinshu sect Higashi-Hongwan-ji-ha of which Head Temple is Higashi Hongwan-ji Temple in Taito Ward, Tokyo (the number of branch temples is 300 and several tens) defected and became independent from the Shinshu sect Otani-ha in 1981, because of the difference in the way of the sect, so currently they are different religious corporations (see 'Ohigashi Turmoil (お東騒動)').
- そもそも日本で最初の出家者は尼であったが、その戒壇の設置に朝廷の許可が必要であった奈良時代以降、鎌倉時代くらいまで、戒壇の設置を許された東大寺や延暦寺などの戒壇が全て男性僧侶を対象としており、女性(尼)の授戒得度が困難であった点との関連も考えられている。
- The person who entered priesthood for the first time in Japan was an ama, but from the Nara period to the Kamakura period when the placement of a kaidan needed permission from the Imperial Court, all kaidans such as those at Todai-ji Temple and Enryaku-ji Temple were subject to male priests so that it is believed the difficulty of women's jikai (handing down the precepts) and tokudo (entry to the Buddhist priesthood) were related to nyonin kinsei.
- したがって、出家者が生存するためには身体を維持させるために最低限の食料を出家者以外から調達する必要があり、そうした状況下から、ふだん山地や森林で修行しその他の人々とは関わることが少ない出家者と、町村で生活している信者との間に托鉢による交流関係が発生した。
- Because of this, monks needed to supply the least amount of food required to maintain their bodies from believers other than the monks, and under such a situation, exchanges between monks, who are usually involved in ascetic practices in mountains and woods and do not relate much to other people, and believers who live in towns and villages were born.
- また、特に1951年開始された創価学会の折伏大行進以降になるとスラング的用法として折伏の被害者、熱心な信者即ち加害者双方から信教の自由、民事不介入、少年法の3つが行政、警察、裁判所等公的機関の及び腰な姿勢を示す言葉として三大秘法と表現されるようになった。
- Moreover, particularly after the great march of the Shakubuku (an evangelistic technique, in Japanese meaning 'break and subdue') of Soka Gakkai, which was started in 1951, the three of the freedom of religion, nonintervention against civil affairs and the Juvenile Act have been given the slang expression Sandaihiho in order to show the shilly-shallying of public administrations such as the government, police and courts of law from both sides, specifically the victims of Shakubuku and the assailants (the devout believers).
- 前園実知雄(奈良芸術短期大学教授)や白石太一郎(奈良大学教授)は、2人の被葬者が『日本書紀』が記す587年6月の暗殺時期と一致する事などから、聖徳太子の叔父で蘇我馬子に暗殺された穴穂部皇子と、宣化天皇の皇子ともされる宅部皇子の可能性が高い事を論じている。
- Michio MAEZONO (Professor, Nara College of Arts) and Taichiro SHIRAISHI (Professor, Nara University) argue that it is highly possible Prince Anahobe (uncle of Prince Taishi, assassinated by SOGA no Umako) and Prince Yakabe (prince of the Emperor Senka) are the ones that were buried in this tumulus, because the tumulus was built when an assassination happened in June 587 according to 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan).
- また、鑑真和上が将来した小乗戒を授ける戒壇院を独占する奈良仏教に対して、大乗戒壇を設立し、大乗戒を受戒した者を天台宗の僧侶と認め、菩薩僧として12年間比叡山に籠山して学問・修行を修めるという革新的な最澄の構想は、既得権益となっていた奈良仏教と対立を深めた。
- His innovative initiatives to establish Daijo kaidan, recognize monks who received Daijokai (the commandment of Mahayana Buddhism) as Tendai Sect monks and train them as Bosatsuso (priests of Mahayana Buddhism) by containing them in Mt. Hiei for 12 years deepened the confrontation between Nara Buddhism, which monopolized, due to vested interests, and Kaidan-in which were authorized to grant Shojokai (commandments of Theravada Buddhism) brought by Ganjin Wajo.
- 庵戸宮の「庵(廬)」とは、風流人など浮世離れした者や僧侶が執務に用いる質素な佇まいの小屋である庵室を指したり、あるいは軍隊を管理する陣営を指す(歴史辞書『和名類聚抄』)ことから、文字通り政権の統括者である孝霊天皇が暮らした住まいに由来するものといわれている。
- Io' of Ioto no miya refers to 'Anshitsu,' i.e. a humble cabin, which a person who lives a life aloof from the affairs of the world such as a person of refined taste, or a priest uses at work, or refers to a camp for controlling the army (adapted from 'Wamyoruiju-sho' [famous Heian-period Japanese dictionary]), so that Ioto no miya is believed to be derived from the residence of Emperor Korei who was literally the governor of the government.
- チベットでは、経典は、信仰心を著わすものとしてながらく写本で流布していたが、中国の明朝の永楽帝は中国に使者を派遣するチベット諸侯や教団への土産として、1410年木版による大蔵経を開版、この習慣がチベットにも取り入れられ、以後、何種類かが開版されることになった。
- In Tibetan, Buddhist sutras were for a long time widely distributed as manuscripts in order to reveal religious devotion, but in 1410 Emperor Yongle of China's Ming dynasty ordered the carving of wooden blocks of the Tripitaka as souvenirs for Tibetan feudal lords and religious associations that sent messengers to China; this custom was incorporated into Tibet and subsequently led to the carving of various Buddhist sutras.
- しかし、仏教学においては法華経無内容説という学説的な主張に加え、また法華経が「三乗を会して一乗に帰す」という目標を示してはいるものの、三乗の差別ある者たちがどうやって一乗の教えに平等に帰すことができるのか明らかに説かれておらず、その根拠に乏しいという指摘もある。
- However, in Buddhist Studies, it is pointed out that there is not much of a basis behind the esan kiitsu because although the Lotus Sutra set a goal of 'learning ichijo through understanding sanjo,' it is not clearly explained how these different people can be treated equally in accordance with the preaching of ichijo, in addition to the fact that there is an academic theory that the Lotus Sutra has no content.
- 蓮の葉商い(蓮の葉商ひ、蓮葉商い)とは、古くから日本各地の朝市や縁日などで、その時々に自生する銀杏、アケビ、椎(しい)などの木の実や五節句、二十四節気の年中行事に必要な季節物をその期日の前に商いしていた者をさす(近年、近代から八百屋や花屋や街商も季節物を売っていた)。
- The term 'trade in lotus leaves' refers to persons who have dealt with ginkgo nuts, akebi or nuts of any beech tree of the genus Castanopsis growing naturally at different times, or with seasonal goods necessary for annual events including the five seasonal festivals and 24 divisions of the old calendar, before the days of such events at morning markets and fairs in various regions of Japan, from the old times (in the later years of the modern period, vegetable shops, flower shops and gaisho (stallholders) sold seasonal goods).
- 仏教上では、非道者で仏法を否定、誹謗する者を一闡提(略して闡提)というが、これには単に「成仏し難い者」という意味もあることから、一切の衆生を救う大いなる慈悲の意志で、あえて成仏を取り止めた地蔵菩薩や観音菩薩のような菩薩を「大悲闡提」と称し、通常の闡提とは明確に区別する。
- In Buddhism a nefarious person who denies and criticizes Buddhism is called ichi-sendai (一闡提) (or simply sendai), which also means simply 'a person who has difficulty becoming Buddha,' so that Bosatsus such as Jizo Bosatsu and Kannon Bosatsu, who dared not to become Buddha through their great mercy in relieving all living things, are called 'Daihi Sendai' and are clearly distinguished from the normal sendai.
- 中村元 (哲学者)は、長者窮子の譬喩で金融を行って利息を取っていた長者の臨終の様子から、貨幣経済の非常に発達した時代でなければ、このような一人富豪であるに留まらず国王等を畏怖駆使せしめるような資本家はでてこないので、法華経が成立した年代の上限は西暦40年であると推察している。
- The philosopher Hajime NAKAMURA guesses that the oldest limit of age when Hokke-kyo sutra was written must be 40 B.C., judging by the situation of a dying wealthy man who took an interest in finance, as described in the parable of the wealthy man and the poor son; because there could not be such a wealthy man who was not only a wealthy man but also a capitalist and was scared by kings and utilized them, unless it was in the age when money economy became much more developed.
- 日蓮正宗の信徒団体を作るには、末寺の住職が信徒団体の指導教師となって信徒団体を作ろうとする代表者と連名で「組織結成許可願」を宗務院に提出し、宗務院での審議を得て日蓮正宗の管長である法主が「組織結成許可書」に署名押印して「組織結成許可書」が交付されて指導教師から○○講に手渡される。
- To establish religious groups of Nichiren Shoshu Sect, the chief priest of the branch temples needs to be the chief kyoshi of the religious group to submit the application 'Soshiki Kessei Kyoka Negai' (the application for approval to establish an organization), in the joint signature with the representative of the people who wish to establish the group, to Shumuin, and after the application is processed, 'Soshiki Kessei Kyoka sho' (Approval to establish the organization) will be signed and imprinted with his seal by Hoshu, kancho of Nichiren Shoshu Sect, and approval will be given to XX Ko via the chief kyoshi.
- 1143年の覚鑁入寂後、同派僧侶の頼瑜を中心とした覚鑁派は再び大伝法院を高野山に戻したが確執は収拾せず、145年後の1288年、同派の実質的指導者であった頼瑜は門弟を連れて根来山に戻ると共に覚鑁の教義を発展させ、それまでの教義と一線を画した「新義」を打ち立て新義真言宗が確立する。
- After the nirvana of Kakuban in 1143, Kakuban school led by one of their priests, Raiyu, re-transferred Daidenpo-in to Mt. Koya, but the argument was not settled and 145 years later in 1288, the acting leader of the Kakuban school, Raiyu, took his followers and returned to Mt. Negoro to further develop Kakuban's teaching and established the Shingi Shingon sect that taught 'Shingi' different to that of conventional teachings.
- その後、一時期頼通の娘・藤原寛子(後冷泉天皇皇后)に譲られたものの、康平3年(1060年)頃より以後の摂関家の大饗や藤氏長者就任の儀式、立太子や立后、元服など、摂関家及び皇室の重要行事はここで行われる慣例が形成され、所有者も藤原師通以後は代々藤氏長者(=摂関家当主)の所有と定められた。
- After that, its ownership was transferred for a while to FUJIWARA no Kanshi (the Empress of the Emperor Goreizei), his daughter, but around 1060, it became customary that important events of imperial families and sekkan-ke (the top family in the govermental hierarchy), such as big banquets by sekkan-ke, the ceremony of assuming the position of Toshi Choja (the chief of the Fujiwara clan), the ceremonies of instituting a crown prince and an empress and coming-of-age ceremonies, were held here, and therefore, it was decided after the era of FUJIWARA no Moromichi that the place would be owned by Toshi Choja (the chief of the sekkan-ke) in each generation.
- しかし、妙好人の庄松(しょうま)が、オラが喜んで捨てた「南無阿弥陀仏」を、拾うて喜ぶ者がおると端的に表現したように、還相回向を、念仏者の口から出てくる名号を聞いて、称名をする人間がいることを、阿弥陀如来のはたらきととらえ、自らが称えた名号を指して浄土から還ってきた相(すがた)と解する。
- However, as indicated in a very forthright statement made by Shoma, a well known myokonin (a religious person): Some have happily picked up Namu-amida-butsu which I have happily spit from my mouth,' Genso-eko can be interpreted as hearing someone chanting the Name of the Buddha (Namu-amida-butsu), the sentient beings grasp that the existence that someone chanting the Name is the works of Amida Tathagata, and that the Name they themselves chant is the very form of returning from the Pure Land.
- しかし、経典などでは釈迦が観音に向かって「善男子よ」と呼びかけ、また「観音大士」という言葉もあることから、本来は男性であったと考えられているが、観音経では「婦女身得度者、即現婦女身而為説法」と、女性には女性に変身して説法するともあるため、次第に性別は無いものとして捉えられるようになった。
- Because Shaka calls Kannon 'zennanshi, a man who believes Buddhism' in Sutras and there is a word 'Kannon Daishi,' it was originally regarded as a male; however, in Kannon-gyo Sutra it gives a sermon with a feminine appearance to women (婦女身得度者、即現婦女身而為説法) so that gradually it has been assumed to have no sexuality.
- それに対し、中国、インド・ネパール、チベット・ブータン、モンゴル・ブリヤート・トゥバ・カルムイク等のユーラシア大陸諸国そして台湾など、他の大乗仏教圏諸国の教団・信者は、このような文献学の成果を受容せず、信仰を揺るがす問題となっていないという説があるが、その調査等に関する典拠は不明である。
- There is, however, a theory that the religious organizations and believers of other Mahayana Buddhist countries such as the Eurasian states of China, Nepal, Tibet, Butan, Mongolia, Buryat, Tuva, Kalmyks and Taiwan do not accept this result of philology, which doesn't represent a major problem, but the reason for that theory isn't known.
- また、この罰の現象が現れる時期については、『種種御振舞御書』で「遠流・死罪の後百日一年三年七年が内に自界叛逆難とて此の御一門どしうち(同士打)はじまるべし」、また『四信五品抄』で「優陀延王は賓頭盧尊者を蔑如して七年の内に身を喪失し相州は日蓮を流罪して百日の内に兵乱に遇えり」などと述べた。
- In addition, as to the period of the phenomenon for this punishment, he described in 'Shiju onfurumai Gosho' (On the Buddha's Behavior) as 'Within the one hundred days or one year, three years, seven years after exile and death penalties, inter-clan conflicts will occur as Jikaihongyakunan (trouble of inter-clan conflicts),' and in 'Shishin gohon sho' (On the Four Stages of Faith and the Five Stages of Practice) as 'The king Udaen disdains the Binzuru-sonja and goes to ruin within the seven years, and Soshu (Sagami province) will be attacked within one hundred days after the exile of Nichiren.'
- 若し之を軽笑(きょうしょう)すること有ん者は、当に世世に牙歯疎欠・醜脣平鼻・手脚繚戻(げしそけつ・しゅうしんびょうび・しゅきゃくりょうらい)し、眼目角眸(げんもくかくらい)に、身体臭穢(しんだいしゅうえ)にして、悪瘡膿血・水腹短気(あくそうのうけつ・すいふくたんけ)、諸の悪重病あるべし」
- If a person ridicules this, in every reincarnation he should suffer from various and serious diseases such as; having teeth missing or spaced, ugly lips, a flat nose, hands and feet that are gnarled or deformed, eye squinting, body with a foul odor, skin boil, blood with pus, water in the belly, shortness of breath.'
- しかし実際に所有者がその価格で売却しようとしても、デベロッパーには足元を見られて買い叩かれるか、場合によっては買い手が付くことさえ無い為、所有者は平地に持っている農地などを切り売りして資産価値の無い山林を持ち続ける(その余力も無い場合は相続税を支払えず破産する羽目に陥る)しか無いのである。
- However, in reality, even if the owner of Satoyama tried to sell the land with this value, developers tend to take advantage of the owner's weak position to bring down the price, and there are occasions where there is no purchaser and the owner has no remedy other than selling his farm lands and others by the piece, while maintaining the mountain forest that has practically no asset value (if the owner has no reserve, as he can not pay the inheritance tax, he is forced to become bankrupt).
- 金王八幡神社(こんのうはちまんじんじゃ)が鎮座する東京都の渋谷は、土佐坊昌俊の祖父、桓武天皇の孫高望王の子孫と名乗る秩父党の河崎冠者基家(かわさきの・かじゃ・もといえ)が、1051年(永承6年)に、前九年の役での武功により与えられた武蔵国豊島郡谷盛庄(としまぐん・やもりのしょう)にあたる。
- Shibuya in Tokyo, where Konno Hachiman-jinja Shrine is located, coincides with Yamori no sho Manor of Toshima-gun in Musashi Province that was awarded in 1051 to KAWASAKi no Kaja Motoie of Chichibu Party, who was a grandfather of Shoshin TOSANOBO and insisted that he was a descendant of Prince Takamochi, a grandson of Emperor Kanmu, for his military exploits in Zen Kunen no Eki (Former Nine Years' Campaign).
- 譬(たと)えば闇夜に諸の営作する所が一切、皆(みな)息(や)むも、もし未だ訖(おわ)らざる者は、要(かな)らず日月を待つが如し。大乗を学する者が契経[1]、一切の禅定を修すといえども、要らず大乗大涅槃日を待ち、如来秘密の教えを聞きて然(しか)して後、及[2]当に菩提業を造り正法に安住すべし。
- Just as those who stop all activities at night are bound to resume their work on the next day unless they have completed their tasks, those who learn Mahayana Buddhism will never be able to achieve nirvana and live in peace without learning the ultimate Buddhist truths revealed in the Nirvana Sutra, even if they have read all other sutras and studied all other Buddha's teachings.
- 日蓮はこの『末法燈明記』を引用し、『四信五品抄』で「問うて曰く末代初心の行者何物をか制止するや、答えて曰く檀戒等の五度(五波羅蜜)を制止して一向に南無妙法蓮華経と称せしむるを一念信解初随喜(いちねんしんげしょずいき)の気分(けぶん)と為すなり」と述べて、末法の五度は無用であることを説得した。
- Nichiren cited this 'Mappo Tomyo Ki' and persuaded that Goharamitsu of Mappo is useless, describing in 'Shishin gohon sho' (On the Four Stages of Faith and the Five Stages of Practice) that 'For the question what the beginner of practices should pay attention, the answer is that it is important to stop Goharamitsu and continue to chant Nam Myoho Renge-kyo Sutra (Devotion to the Law of Hoke-kyo (the Lotus Sutra)) as well as the title, by which Ichinenshingesyozuiki can be felt.'
- 前者には『観門要義鈔』41巻、『観経疏他筆鈔』14巻、『観経疏大意』1巻、『観門義草案』2巻、『三部経論義記』1巻、『三縁義』1巻、『定散料簡義』1巻、『五段鈔』1巻、『安心鈔附略安心鈔』1巻、『善慧上人御法語』1巻、『白木念仏法語』1巻、『述誠』1巻、『鎮勧用心』1巻、『女院御書』2巻などがある。
- The former includes 'Kanmon Yogi Sho' of 41 volumes, 'Kangyosho Tahitsusho' (the records of Shoku's lecture about 'Kanmuryoju-kyosho' (the records of Shoku's lecture about Kanmuryoju-kyosho (or Kangyosho, Commentary on the Meditation Sutra) written by Kankyo) of 14 volumes, 'Kangyosho Taii' (overview of Kanmuryoju-kyosho (or Kangyosho, Commentary on the Meditation Sutra)) of 1 volume, 'Kanmon-gi Soan' (draft about the teachings of Kanmon (contemplating dharmas as void)) of 2 volumes, 'Sanbu-kyo Rongiki' (summary of debating about Sanbu-kyo (three main sutras)) of 1 volume, 'Sanengi' (teachings about sanen (the Three Types of Karmic Relation with Amida Buddha)) of 1 volume, 'Josanryoken-gi' (literally, teachings about the mind in one's concentration and non-concentration) of 1 volume, 'Godansho' (Buddhist scriptures about tariki nenbutsu (the spirituality of the other power of Buddhist invocation)) of 1 volume, 'Anjinsho Furyaku Anjinsho' (literally, the scripture and the summary about obtaining peace of mind through faith or ascetic practice), 'Zenne Shonin Gohogo' (the Buddhist sermon of Zenne Shonin (or Shoku)) of 1 volume, 'Shiraki Nenbutsu Hogo' (the Buddhist sermon of Shiraki Nenbutsu (tariki nenbutsu (the spirituality of the other power of Buddhist invocation)) without distraction) of 1 volume, 'Jutsujo' (records of dialogue between Shoku and Rensho) of 1 volume, 'Chinkanyojin' of 1 volume and 'Nyoingosho' of 2 volumes, and so on.
- が、朝日新聞が2005年7月11日に報じた所では、従来よりオフィス街でブルーカラー労働者の通勤範囲外で労働者空白地帯だった所に、ビル清掃・解体工事など一定の労働力確保を必要とする業者が、自社で管理する空きビルのフロアに多段式ベッドを入れるなどして簡易宿泊施設に改装、労働力の獲得に成功しているという。
- However, according to an Asahi Shinbun newspaper story of July 11, 2005, some of the companies belonging to the businesses that need to ensure a certain amount of labor force, such as building cleaning service and demolition work, have succeeded in securing the labor force by refurbishing their own buildings into cheap accommodations and installing multiple-deck beds and others, in a business district which has been traditionally the blank area of laborers, because its location is beyond the workers' commutable range.
- 仏教やその他古代インド宗教の修行者への呼称の1つである阿羅漢(あらかん)はサンスクリット語の Arhat の音写語であるが、その意味は漢訳の「応供」(おうぐ)が示す通り、「供養を受けるにふさわしい人」であるほか、比丘(びく)もサンスクリット語の bhiksu の音写語であり、その意味は「乞う人」である。
- Arakan, which is one of the names for those that practice asceticism in Buddhism and other religions in Ancient India, is a transcription of Arhat in Sanskrit, which means 'a person who deserves to receive a offerings' shown in Chinese translation 'ogu,' and also, biku (Buddhist priest) is a transcription for Sanskrit bhiksu, which means 'begging person.'
- また渡辺照宏も、50年間流浪した後に20年間掃除夫だった男が実は長者の後継者であると宣言される様子から、古来インド社会はバラモンを中心とした強固なカースト制度があり、たとえ譬喩であってもこうしたケースは現実味が乏しく、もし考え得るとすればバラモン文化の影響が少ない社会環境でなければならない、と指摘している。
- Additionally, Shoko WATANABE pointed out that it could have been produced in a society that had less influence by Brahmanic culture, judging from the parable that someone who was a garbage man for 20 years was, after 50 years in exile, told that he was the successor of a wealthy man; because there was a strong caste system centered in Brahmin of Indian society since ancient times, so that this parable wasn't realistic.
- 普茶料理には、料理屋で作られる独自のスタイルを止めて懐石風に仕立てた限りなく日本料理に近いタイプのものから、長崎の禅寺で作られる原点に近く、時としては現代の素菜を取り入れた中国料理に限りなく近いもの(長崎の禅寺の檀家には華僑が多く、お盆などでは中国や台湾からの来訪者も多いためとも考えられる)まで幅広く存在する。
- Varieties of Fucha ryori cuisine range from the ones which are prepared at restaurants in the style of Kaiseki ryori (tea-ceremony cuisine), and are quite similar to Japanese cuisine, to the ones which are close to the original ones prepared at Zen temples in Nagasaki or the ones which are quite similar to Chinese cuisine that adopt contemporary Sosai (the fact that there are many ethnic Chinese among supporters of Zen temples in Nagasaki and they receive many visitors from China and Taiwan during the Obon festival, could be the background).
- 私度僧は違法であり取締りの対象ではあったが、実情においては2本立ての方針が存在し、課役忌避を目的とした私度僧に対しては厳しい取締りが行われた一方で、僧侶としての実態のあるものについてはある程度までは容認されており、その中の優秀者は処罰の対象ではなく、むしろ得度させて体制の中に積極的に取り込む方針があったと考えられている。
- Shidoso was illegal and was an object to be regulated, but actually, it is believed that there were two different policies; on the one hand, strict regulations were made against those that became shidoso for the purpose of exemption from labor, but on the other hand, to some extent, those that held actual activities as monks were approved, and those that had excellent results were not objects to be punished, but rather were objects to be approved as tokudo and actively taken into the system.
- なぜなら法蔵菩薩(阿弥陀仏の修行時の名)が、48の誓願(四十八願)を建立し、その第18番目の願(本願)である第十八願に「すべての人が救われなければ、わたしは仏とはならぬ」(「設我得佛 十方衆生 至心信樂 欲生我國 乃至十念 若不生者 不取正覺 唯除五逆誹謗正法」)と誓われ、それらの願がすべて成就して仏になられているからである。
- Because long time ago Hozo bosatsu (Amida Butsu when he was still studying) invoked the forty-eight vows, and the main idea of the eighteenth vow (called the Great Vow) had been 'if any one is not saved in this world, I shall not attain Buddhahood', and then he became a Buddha with all his vows fulfilled.
- これは『涅槃経』四諦品にも、「正法たる真智を断滅して、益々悪道に陥り、生死に輪廻しては多くの苦悩を招く」、あるいは「悪彰(あくしょう)の示現は衆生を救わんがための故なり」など説かれているように、あくまでも衆生自らが犯した業による報いであり、自らがそれによって気付くもので、仏がその教えに従わない者に罰を与えるという類のものではない、とするのが一般的である。
- As in the Shitaihon (the Four Axioms) of 'Nehan-gyo Sutra' (The Sutra of The Great Nirvana) there are descriptions that 'To break the truth and wisdom of the True Dharma and fall into more akudo (literally, 'bad way') lead to many affliction through several transmigrations of souls.' or 'The appearance of bad things (悪彰) are caused in order to relieve living things,' Butsubachi is generally regarded as a payment by their own sin which makes them notice it, and is not given by Buddha to a person who does not obey its teaching.
- 仏教は本来は国家の統制を受けるような筋合いのものではないのだが、真実の求道者だけではなく、僧侶の生活が優雅閑雅であることを羨んで、または、徭役を免れようとするような目的によって出家を志す者が頻出するようになり、僧伽の戒律のみでは、その弊風を抑制することが無理になってしまい、そこで、国家による統制が加えられることとなり、僧官の設置、僧尼の造籍を見るに至ったのである。
- Originally, Buddhism had no reason to be controlled by the government, but because not only those that seek the truth, but also those who envy the elegance and gracefulness of a priest's life, and those that wished to escape from labor by entering the priesthood, increased so much, it became impossible for Buddhist precepts alone to restrain evil customs, and government thus started to take control by the establishment of priest officials and registration of priests and priestess.
- そのため出家者の戒律には、性行為の禁止(不淫戒)、自慰行為の禁止(故出精戒)、異性と接触することの禁止(触女人戒)、猥褻な言葉を使うことの禁止(麁語戒)、供養として性交を迫ることの禁止(嘆身索供養戒)、異性と二人きりになることを禁止(屏所不定戒)、異性と二人でいる時に関係を疑われる行動することを禁止(露処不定戒)など、性欲を刺激する可能性のある行為に関しては厳しい制限がある。
- Accordingly, in the commandments for priests there are strict restrictions for activities that could stimulate sexual desires such as the prohibition of sexual intercourse (fuin-kai), that of masturbation (koshutsusho-kai), that of contact with women (shoku-nyonin-kai), that of using evil-minded words (sogo-kai), that of urging sexual intercourse as a memorial service (tanshinsaku-kuyo-kai), that of staying alone with a woman (byosho-fujo-kai), and that of doing what which incurs a doubt about their relationship at the time of being alone with a woman (rosho-fujo-kai).
- ちなみに長松清風は、書画においては江戸末期の三筆と言われたり、当時の知識層などが掲載された平安人物誌、西京人物誌にその名が掲載されたり明治天皇の和歌の教師であった高崎正風が清風の詠んだ歌を優れた歌として明治天皇に紹介し、明治天皇から清風の歌を非常に賞賛されていることを知らせる使者が清風の元に使わされており、明治天皇以外にも三条実美などの公家にも清風の短冊を所望する声が多かったという。
- Thanks to the paintings and writings the Sanpitsu (three great calligraphers) of the end of Edo period, his name was published in the Heian Jinbutsushi (Record of Heian Notables) and Saikyo Jinbutsushi (Record of Saikyo (Kyoto) Notables); moreover, Masakaze TAKASAKI introduced a poem by Seifu as a great poem to Emperor Meiji, and the messenger was sent to Seifu stating that the Emperor Meiji greatly praised his song, and even kuge (court noble) such as Sanetomi SANJO (other than Emperor Meiji) desired the tanzaku (a long, narrow card on which Japanese poetry is written vertically) of Seifu.
- 「京都の停車場に本願寺より出迎えられた馬車の立派なのを見て、『人に財政の整理を頼まんとする者が、何の余裕あってかかる贅沢を、敢えてするとや』とて、辻馬車に乗って同寺におしかけ、朝の9時より夕の6時まで当事者より財政の情況を聞き、やがて出された食膳をみるや、癇癪球がたちまち破裂し、『是れ皆善男善女が寄進したる粒粒辛苦の物ならずや、これを思えばかかる膳部が喉に通るか』と罵倒した」と伝えられる。
- Reportedly, 'seeing a magnificent carriage sent by Hongan-ji Temple, Inoue rushed to the temple, saying 'how dare those who ask for the deposition of the debts allow themselves such luxuries,' heard financial status from concerned people from nine in the morning to six in the evening, and, with dinner served, he suddenly exploded with anger, abusively saying 'how can we eat the dinner if we consider that the dinner is made from offering of good men and good women saving every single grain.''
- 『阿弥陀経』に、「舎利弗。衆生聞者。応当発願。願生彼国。所以者何。得与如是。諸上善人。倶会一処。舎利弗。不可以少善根。福徳因縁。得生彼国。」「舎利弗、衆生聞かんもの、まさに発願してかの国に生ぜんと願ふべし。ゆゑはいかん。かくのごときの諸上善人とともに一処に会することを得ればなり。舎利弗、少善根福徳の因縁をもつてかの国に生ずることを得べからず。」(『浄土真宗聖典註釈版』124ページ)とあるところから引かれた言葉。
- This term comes from the following citation of Amida-kyo Sutra; 'Sharihotsu, those who carefully listen to the teaching surely want to attain enlightenment and be reborn in the Pure Land; Sharihotsu, Shozenkon Fukutoku (good deeds and happiness) cannot enable them to be reborn in the Pure Land.'
- なお、通常日本に取り入れられた曼荼羅の呼称について胎蔵界曼荼羅・胎蔵曼荼羅の2つが併用されているが、密教学者・頼富本宏は『曼荼羅の美術 東寺の曼荼羅を中心として』において「曼荼羅の典拠となった大日経と金剛頂経のいわゆる両部の大経を意識したものであり、空海もこの用語(注両部曼荼羅)のみを用いている」「即ち金剛頂経には、明確に金剛界曼荼羅を説くのに対して、大日経では大悲胎蔵曼荼羅もしくは胎蔵生曼荼羅を説くのにかかわらず、胎蔵界曼荼羅と言う表現は見られないからである」と書いている。
- As for the naming of mandala, both Taizokai-mandala and Garbha-mandala are used in Japan but Motohiro YORITOMI, a researcher of Esoteric Buddhism, wrote in his book titled 'Architectures of mandala-centering on mandala at To-ji Temple' as 'the name of mandala were created in consideration of both Dainichi-kyo Sutra and Kongocho-kyo Sutra, collectively called Ryobu Sutra and both are the source of mandala, and Kukai used only this name (note: Ryobu-mandala),' 'because Kongocho-kyo Sutra clearly uses Vajradhatumandala, Dainichi-kyo Sutra does not use the name of Taizokai-mandala though it uses Daihitaizosho mandala or Garbha-mandala.'
- さらには、当時の政治社会情勢からイスラム勢力の侵攻によるインド仏教の崩壊が予見されていたため、最後の密教経典である時輪タントラ(カーラ・チャクラ)の中でイスラムの隆盛とインド仏教の崩壊、インド仏教復興迄の期間(末法時代)は密教によってのみ往来が可能とされる秘密の仏教国土・理想郷シャンバラの概念、シャンバラの第32代の王となるルドラ・チャクリン(転輪聖王)、ルドラ・チャクリンによる侵略者(イスラム教徒)への反撃、ルドラ・チャクリンが最終戦争で悪の王とその支持者を破壊する予言、そして未来におけるインド仏教の復興、地上における秩序の回復、世界の調和と平和の到来、等が説かれた。
- Additionally, since Indian Buddhism was expected to collapse under the Muslim invasion in the political and social situation at that time, the Kala cakra tantra (the last Mikkyo sutra) described the following: the flourishing of Islam; the collapse of Indian Buddhism, a concept of Shambhala; a secret Buddhist land and Utopia, which could be reached only through Mikkyo during the period before the revival of Indian Buddhism (the Age of Final Dharma); Raja Cakravarti (ルドラ・チャクリン(転輪聖王)), who became the thirty-second king of Shambhala; a counterattack by Raja Cakravarti against the invaders (Muslims); the prediction that Raja Cakravarti would destroy the king of evil and his supporters in the final war; the revival of Indian Buddhism in the future; the return to order on earth; the coming of the harmonization and peace of the world, and so on.