習字: 34 Terms and Phrases
- 文検習字科
- The category of learning writing with brushes, at bunken
- 日本習字普及協会
- Japanese Calligraphy Promotion Organization
- 2月、『習字の友』刊行（中村春堂）。
- February: 'Shujino-tomo' (literally, friends of learning writing with brushes) was published (by Shundo NAKAMURA).
- 甘茶で習字をすれば上達すると言われる。
- Amacha is believed to help people improve their calligraphy skills.
- 小学校4年生以上に毛筆習字の正科が復活。
- Brush-using calligraphy was restored as a formal learning course in the fourth and higher grades of elementary schools.
- 江戸時代、寺子屋で習字本兼修身書として用いられた。
- During the Edo period, this book was used as a child's book on calligraphy as well as moral training at terakoya (temple elementary school).
- この伝統の下、多くの書道教室・習字教室が存在している。
- Many Shodo and Shuji classes exist under this tradition.
- 「手本系」というのは、習字を目的として編まれたものである。
- Tehon-kei' was made for the purpose of teaching penmanship.
- 授業科目は、「句読」「暗誦」「習字」「算術」の4科であった。
- The subjects of the lessons the students studied were 'grammar and punctuation,' 'recitation from memory,' 'calligraphy,' and 'arithmetic.'
- その後、江戸時代には庶民の習字手本として民間にも普及している。
- After that, in the Edo period, it became widespread as a text book of calligraphy also among the general public.
- 近代書道教育の発展に貢献したのは小中学校の習字教科書の筆者ともいえる。
- It can be said that the persons who contributed to the development of modern calligraphy in education were the authors of school textbooks of calligraphy.
- 昭和26年（1951年）4月より、小学校4年生以上に毛筆習字の正科が復活
- In April of 1951, brush-using calligraphy was restored as a formal learning item in the fourth and higher grades of elementary schools.
- 日本では昔から「読み書きソロバン」として、寺子屋などで習字が指導されてきた。
- Shuji (calligraphy) has been traditionally taught in Terakoya (a private elementary school during the Edo period) and in others in Japan as 'reading, writing, and abacus.'
- 昭和10年（1935年）前後から「文検習字科」は「文検書道科」に改名された。
- From around 1935, 'the category of learning writing with brushes, at bunken' was changed to 'the category of calligraphy, at bunken.'
- 辞職直後は、乱れた心を鎮めるため、自宅で習字ばかりしていたとも伝えられている。
- After the retirement, it is said that Takami practiced calligraphy for most of his time in order to calm him down.
- また、寺子屋で習字や読本として使用された「庭訓往来」の作者という説が有力である。
- Also it is likely that he was the author of 'Teikin Orai' (collection of letters for family education) used as a textbook for calligraphy and reading in Terakoya schools in the Edo period.
- 天来は30歳のとき、文部省教員検定試験（習字科）に合格し書家としての活躍が始まった。
- At the age of thirty, Tenrai passed the teacher qualification test at the Ministry of Education (the category of shuji (calligraphy), starting his activities as a calligrapher.
- イモの葉の露で墨をすると習字が上達するといい、7枚のカジ（梶）の葉に歌を書いてたむける。
- As it is believed that grinding an ink stick with drops of dew formed on the leaves of a sweet potato plant is effective for the improvement of calligraphy, seven leaves of paper mulberry on which waka poems are written are offered.
- したがって有資格者がいない学校も相当数あったことから習字成績の学校差は歴然たるものであった。
- Therefore, qualified teachers were unavailable at a significant number of schools, and the calligraphic skills of students was markedly dependent on the school.
- 中学校・師範学校の習字科教員として教職に就くためには、この文検習字科に合格する必要があった。
- To take a teaching position for the category of learning writing with brushes at a middle school or a school for teacher training, it was required to pass the test for the category of learning writing with brushes, at bunken.
- また、菱湖の門弟の巻菱潭が習字教科書の執筆者になるなど、菱湖流は主に教育面と実用面でその後も貢献する。
- In addition, the Ryoko style was utilized usefully later as well mostly in the practical field as well as the educational field: For example, Ryotan MAKI, a follower of Ryoko, became an author of textbooks for calligraphy.
- その結果、海鶴の門下である鈴木翠軒が国定の習字教科書の執筆をするに至り、この基準は確固たるものとなった。
- As a result, Suiken SUZUKI, a disciple of Kaikaku, became an author of national school textbooks for calligraphy, making the standards even more solid.
- 書の達人として知られていた幕臣戸川安清は70歳を過ぎた老人ながら、推されて家茂の習字の先生を務めていた。
- Yasukiyo TOGAWA, a shogunal retainer and known master of calligraphy, was an old man over seventy years old but served Iemochi as a recommended teacher of calligraphy.
- そして長三洲の門弟の日高梅溪が国定習字教科書の執筆者となったことから、この時代の教科書の書風は顔法になっている。
- Because Baikei HIDAKA, a follower of Sanshu CHO, became an author of calligraphic school textbooks compiled by the state, the Yan style was used for textbooks in this period.
- 家治が習字の手習いで「龍」の字を書いたとき、あまりにのびのびと紙いっぱいに書いたので最後に点を打つ場所が無くなってしまった。
- When Ieharu wrote the letter of 'Ryu (Dragon)' with the brush in the practice of calligraphy, he used a whole sheet so extensively that he found no place to put a dot which was a part of the letter.
- 庭訓往来（ていきんおうらい）とは、往来物（往復の手紙）の形式をとる、寺子屋で習字や読本として使用された初級の教科書の一つである。
- Written in an oraimono (exchange of letters) style, Teikin Orai was an elementary textbook used as a copybook and reader at Terakoya (temple elementary schools during the Edo period).
- 中でも六朝書風から脱皮して晋唐書風に傾倒した丹羽海鶴が文部省教員検定試験委員（習字科）になり、学校の書道教育の基準を初唐の三大家におくことを提唱した。
- In particular, Kaikaku NIWA who devoted himself to the calligraphic style of the Jin and Tang dynasties), riding himself of the six-dynasty style, became an examiner of teacher qualification tests at the Ministry of Education (for the category of calligraphy), and advocated placing the standards for calligraphic education on the styles of the three great calligraphers in the early Tang period.
- だが、後世に入ると武士や商人・農民など身分それぞれの必要に合わせた知識や慣習を盛り込んだものや習字用の｢字尽し｣など書簡形式をとらないものが著された。
- In later years, some oraimono were composed of knowledge and customs necessary for each social status, such as samurai, merchants and farmers, while 'Jizukushi,' which were not in the form of correspondence, were compiled for calligraphy practice.
- 教育内容も藩によって異なるが一般に四書五経の素読と習字を中心とし、江戸後期には蘭学や、日本武術として剣術・槍術・弓術・砲術・馬術・柔術などが加わった。
- Although the content of education differed according to each domain, general teaching focused on reading of shishogokyo (the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism, or the Nine Chinese Classics) without comprehension or calligraphy; in the latter half of the Edo period, Western learning and Japanese martial arts were also taught, including swordplay, spearmanship, archery, gunnery, horsemanship and jujitsu.
- 6歳の頃から近所の泉町にある延命院 (宇都宮市)で、時の住職・良快和尚の下で読書・習字・四書五経の素読を学び、この折筆写した蒲生氏の「移封記」が今も伝えられる。
- At the age of around six, he started to study reading, calligraphy, sodoku (reading aloud without comprehension) of shishogokyo (the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism, the Nine Chinese Classics) under a chief priest, Priest Ryokai, at Enmei-in Temple (in Utsunomiya City) in a neighbor town, Izumi-cho, and 'Ihoki' (the narrative of changing the territory) transcribed by Gamo in those days has been passed down to today.
- 寺子屋では、「読書算」と呼ばれる読書・習字・算数の基礎的な知識の習得に留まらず、地理・人名・書簡の作成法など、実生活に必要とされる内容の教育が総合的に行われていた。
- The Terakoya not only taught basic reading, writing and calculation, but also a comprehensive curriculum that included subjects required for daily life such as geography, people names and preparing letters.
- しかしながら、鵞堂はこれに参画しながらも平安朝の草仮名を基底として独目の流麗なスタイルを案出し、婦人たちで習字をするものは、ほとんどこの組織で習うという盛況を呈した。
- However, although participating in these activities as well, Gado devised his own flowing writing style based on the so-gana characters of the Heian period, and this style became so popular that almost all of kana calligraphy-learning women participated in his association.
- 江戸時代に入って幕藩体制が確立されると、朱子学が教育の中心的地位に立ち、幕府や藩における教育は経学・史学・文学などの漢学を中心として、これに習字や算術が付随するものとなった。
- After the Shogunate system with clans was well established during the Edo period, the Zhu Xi school of Neo-Confucianism took a central role in education, and education focused mainly on Chinese classics such as Scriptures of Confucianism, History, and Literature, with Calligraphy and Mathematics taking on a supplemental role.
