習: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 小習
- Konarai level of study (for beginners)
- 演習頻度
- The frequency of maneuvers
- 文検習字科
- The category of learning writing with brushes, at bunken
- 儀式・風習
- Ceremonies and customs
- 素麺と食風習
- Somen and eating customs
- 手習は為氏本
- For Tenarai (At Writing Practice), the Tameuji manuscript was used.
- 菅原伝授手習鑑
- Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami
- 九条道家の近習。
- Kinshu (attendant) of Michiie KUJO.
- 消費者行動と因習
- Behavior of consumer and convention
- 機上練習機各種。
- Various Trainer Airplanes
- Various trainer airplanes.
- 九三式中間練習機
- The Yokosuka K5Y
- 神仏習合の新展開
- Development of syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism
- 神仏習合・神仏分離
- Syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, and separation of Buddhism and Shintoism
- 神仏習合・民間信仰
- Syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, and forked beliefs
- 第2代学習院院長。
- He was the second president of The Gakushuin School Corporation.
- 号は玄圃、時習堂。
- His go (pen name) was Genpo and Jishudo.
- 第7代学習院院長。
- The seventh president of the Gakushuin School Corporation.
- 菅原伝授手習鑑(菅原)
- Sugawara Denjyu Tenarai Kagami (Sugawara) (Sugawara's secrets of calligraphy)
- 京都府立大学久多演習林
- The woods for field practice owned by Kyoto Prefectural University
- (「手習」「夢浮橋」)
- ('Tenarai,' 'Yume no Ukihashi')
- 三社参りの風習のある地域
- Regions where the sanshamairi custom exist.
- 『安部晴明随忠行習道語』
- 'Abe no Seimei Zuichu-Gyoshu Dogo'
- 15~16歳の遊女見習い。
- Furisode shinzo are 15 to 16 year-old apprentice courtesans.
- 金剛巌に謡曲を習い始める。
- She started learning yokyoku from Iwao KONGO.
- 西日本各地の風習「三社参り」
- A custom called 'Sanshamairi' at various places in western Japan
- 平安時代の貴族の習慣である。
- It is a custom of nobility in Heian period.
- 茶道は西方尼寺で習っている。
- They study the tea ceremony at the Saiho-niji Nunnery.
- 『菅原伝授手習鑑』の藤原時平
- FUJIWARA no Tokihira in 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami' (Sugawara and the Secrets of Calligraphy)
- 学校教育、社会教育、生涯学習
- School education, social education, and lifelong education
- 1月7日に食べる習慣がある。
- It is customarily eaten on January 7.
- 狩野派、仕官、狂言作者見習い
- Kano school, government service, apprentice of Kabuki playwright
- 学習院への入学(華族就学規則)
- The entrance into Gakushuin School (Rule for Kazoku's Entrance into Schools)
- 温習会 10月1日-10月7日
- Onshu-kai (dance performance) from October 1 to 7
- 寺子屋では主に御家流が習われた。
- In terakoya, the Oie style writing method was learnt mostly.
- 同年4月、学習院女子高等科入学。
- In April of the same year, she entered Gakushuin Girls' Senior High School.
- 同年4月、学習院女子中等科入学。
- Entered Gakushuin Girls' Junior High school in the same year.
- 料理や郷土史の学習を推進している。
- The community center promotes learning on cooking, local history.
- 日本全国で広く見られる習俗である。
- This ritual is seen widely throughout Japan.
- 2月、『習字の友』刊行(中村春堂)。
- February: 'Shujino-tomo' (literally, friends of learning writing with brushes) was published (by Shundo NAKAMURA).
- 現在でも沿岸の地域にこの風習が残る。
- Even today, the custom of urajimai still remains in coastal areas.
- この巻藁練習で矢を放つ感覚を覚える。
- An archer learns the feeling of shooting an arrow through this makiwara practice.
- 劇界に根強い陋習を可能な限り廃した。
- He abolished as many corrupt practices deep-seated in the theater as he could.
- 阿波国の巡礼の風習が広まったとも言う。
- Some say this came from pilgrimage manners that spread from Awa Province.
- 以後讃を絵画にいれる習慣が一般化した。
- After that the practice of adding san to a painting became common.
- 熊野詣の風習も殆どなくなってしまった。
- The custom of pilgrimage to Kumano almost died out.
- 千沢治彦:1964年に学習院大学卒業。
- Haruhiko CHIZAWA: He graduated Gakushuin University in 1964.
- さげもんは、福岡県柳川市に伝わる風習。
- Sagemon is a custom that is passed down in Yanagawa City, Fukuoka Prefecture.
- 年男(としおとこ)は日本の風習の一つ。
- 'Toshi-otoko' (literally means a man of the year) is one of the Japanese customs.
- 日本大学芸術学部・学習院大学非常勤講師
- He was adjunct instructor to College of Art of Nihon University and Gakushuin University.
- 薩摩藩藩士として長崎海軍伝習所に学ぶ。
- As a feudal retainer of Satsuma clan, he studied at Nagasaki Kaigun Denshujo (Nagasaki Naval Training Center).
- 「諸鈍シバヤ」などの風習も残っている。
- Shodon-Shibaya' (traditional dance and play that have been handed down in Shodon Village) and other customs still survive.
- 小学校4年生以上に毛筆習字の正科が復活。
- Brush-using calligraphy was restored as a formal learning course in the fourth and higher grades of elementary schools.
- これらは風習とその世帯ごとの判断による。
- It all depends on the local customs and each household's judgment.
- 通常、最年少の見習いがこれに当てられる。
- This position is usually assigned to the youngest trainee in a group.
- - 関西地方の風習で大きく長い巻き寿司。
- A long, large sushi roll customarily eaten in the Kansai region.
- なお「飾」を「荘」と表記する慣習がある。
- Also, it is a custom to use the kanji '荘' instead of '飾' for the word 'kazari.'
- 小正月(1月15日)に食べる習慣がある。
- It is customarily eaten during Koshogatsu (little New Year) (January 15).
- よって正しい研ぎ方を習得する必要がある。
- Therefore, how to sharpen knife blades must be learnt.
- 五十四帖中「澪標」から「手習」まで登場。
- She appears from the volume 'Miotsukushi' (literally, channel buoys) to the volume 'Tenarai' (literally, writing practice) among 54 quires.
- 9歳で漢学塾に入り、琴・三味線も習った。
- Shiyo entered a school of Sinology (the study of the Chinese classics) at the age of nine and also learned koto (a long Japanese zither with thirteen strings) and shamisen (a three-stringed Japanese banjo).
- 即ヽ勅語阿礼ヽ令誦習帝皇日継及先代旧辞。
- 即ヽ勅語阿礼ヽ令誦習帝皇日継及先代旧辞。
- 一 旧来ノ陋習ヲ破リ天地ノ公道ニ基クヘシ
- 4. 旧来ノ陋習ヲ破リ天地ノ公道ニ基クヘシ(Evil customs of the past shall be broken off and everything based upon the just laws of Nature.)
- 演習場が返還されたのは1959年である。
- In 1959, the maneuver range was returned to Japan.
- 一、舊來ノ陋習ヲ破リ天地ノ公道ニ基クヘシ
- 1. Evil customs of the past shall be broken off and everything shall be based on the just laws of nature.
- また、この習性を利用した漁も行われている。
- And, this habit of cormorants is used for fishing.
- 菅原伝授手習鑑の梅王丸や暫の主人公が有名。
- Umeomaru of 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami' (Sugawara's secrets of calligraphy) and the main character of Shibaraku were both famous examples.
- 乱の後は将軍・藤原頼経の近習として仕えた。
- After the war, he served FUJIWARA no Yoritsune as an attendant.
- 2月1日 全機(練習機54機)柳本に出発。
- February 1: All the airplanes (54 trainer airplanes) departed for Yanagimoto.
- 夜は道場通いに励み、多くの武術を習得する。
- At night, he attended a dojo (a training hall) with diligence, and learned various kinds of martial arts.
- アグスチーノ 印刷技術習得要員、日本人少年
- Augustino, to learn printing technology, Japanese boy
- 以下、日本における神仏習合について述べる。
- Hereafter, the syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism in Japan is described.
- 朝鮮戦争の際には敵前上陸の演習が行われた。
- Opposed landing maneuvers were held there during the Korean War.
- 韓国と中国では誕生日を旧暦で表す習慣がある。
- In both China and Korea the birthday is expressed in the old calendar.
- 神仏習合の動きが強まったのがこの時期である。
- It was also the period when syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism started.
- 学習院大学卒業後、島津忠承の娘・慶子と結婚。
- After graduating from Gakushuin University, he married Kyoko, a daughter of Tadatsugu SHIMAZU.
- 西洋学兵学教授となり、博習堂での講義を行う。
- He became a teacher of Western military theory, giving lectures at the Hakushudo school.
- その後、学校法人学習院院長から政治家に転身。
- Later, he changed from the president of The Gakushuin School Corporation to a statesman.
- 明治25年(1892年)学習院初等科に入学。
- In 1892 he entered the first grade at Gakushuin, a school for peers.
- 出雲方面の風習が発祥であろうと考えられている。
- These folkways seem to originate in Izumo region.
- これらの風習は昭和40年代まで生き残っていた。
- This custom remained until the mid-1970s.
- 鎌倉時代には、禅宗と共に喫茶の風習が広まった。
- During the Kamakura period, tea came to be drunk widely corresponding to the penetration of the Zen sect.
- 岩井三四二『簒奪者』(学習研究社、1999年)
- 'Sandatsu sha' (usurper) written by Miyoji IWAI (Gakken Co., Ltd., 1999)
- 昭和19年9月1日 卒業生の飛行練習課程凍結。
- On September 1, 1944, the graduates' flying training program was frozen.
- 当時の習慣として、歌垣という集団行事があった。
- There was a group event called Utagaki (dancing and singing feast of young men and women) as one of the customs in those days.
- 1842年、記録所出頭役見習として江戸に赴く。
- He moved to Edo to work as a probationary chamberlain in the Land Records Office in 1842.
- 同日歩兵第1連隊に帰隊し見習士官を命ぜられる。
- On the same day, he joined back to the 1st Infantry Regiment, and was appointed probationary officer.
- 卒業後、学習院・高等商業学校の嘱託教授となる。
- After he graduated, he became a commissioned instructor of Gakushuin Higher Commercial School.
- 江戸落語と上方落語には小道具や慣習に違いがある。
- Edo rakugo (rakugo performed in Edo) and Kamigata rakugo (that performed in the Kyoto and Osaka region) differ in terms of props and routines.
- 平成10年(1998年)4月、学習院初等科入学。
- entered Gakushuin Primary School in April, 1998.
- 平成16年(2004年)3月、学習院初等科卒業。
- Graduated from the school in March, 2004.
- なお、「縁起熊手」を売る風習は、全国各地にある。
- The custom of selling 'engi-kumade' (gook luck rakes) is seen all over Japan.
- この日は針に触れないようにするという風習もある。
- There is also a custom that people do not touch a needle on this day.
- この習慣は明治以降に盛んになったと言われている。
- This custom is said to have flourished after the Meiji period.
- はぢをすて人に物とひ習ふべし是ぞ上手の基なりける
- Shake off your embarrassment, ask your seniors about what you don't know and learn from them; this is essential to become adept.
- 長崎伝習所は安政6年(1859年)に閉鎖された。
- Nagasaki Kaigun Denshu-sho closed in 1859.
- 学習院大学長、第7師団 (日本軍)長等を務める。
- He served as Principal of Gakushuin University and Chief of the 7th Shidan (division) (Japanese Army).
- 1889年(明治22年)、学習院の初等科へ入学。
- He enrolled at Gakushuin Primary School in 1889.
- 1895年(明治28年)、学習院の中等科へ進学。
- He advanced to Gakushuin Junior High School, enrolling in 1895.
- 往々にして、他者は己と違った言語と習慣を有する。
- Frequently, other people possessed languages and customs that were different than one's own.
- 内部を「天守指図」に習って、吹き抜けにしている。
- Referring to 'Tenshu sashizu,' a stairwell was installed inside of his model.
- 後に同地は、横須賀海軍砲術学校辻堂演習場となる。
- Subsequently, the field served as the Tsujido maneuvering range of the Yokosuka naval gunnery school.
- 歌舞伎の『菅原伝授手習鑑』の登場人物は以下の通り:
- The characters of Kabuki adaptation of 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami' were as follows:
- 御幸台-千葉県船橋市薬円台 (習志野発祥の地から)
- Gokodai - Yakuendai, Funabashi City, Chiba Prefecture (from the original place of Narashino)
- 現在でもその風習が残っているところも多く存在する。
- There are many communities that continue this practice even now.
- 見習いと前座は、(落語家社会では、)人間ではない。
- Minarai and zenza are not supposed to be considered human (in the rakugoka world).
- その身分は(見習い、)前座、二つ目、真打からなる。
- Its ranks consist of (minarai or apprentice), zenza (opening act), futatsume (status between amateur and professional), shinuchi (full-fledged master of story-telling).
- 花見の習慣とともに、桜の名所も日本全国各地にある。
- Along with the custom of flower viewing, there are the sights of cherry blossoms all over the country.
- 天然理心流道場試衛館に入門して剣を学び、書も習う。
- He became a disciple of Shieikan training hall, Tennenrishin school to learn swordplay, and he also learned Calligraphy.
- 義時は「凡そこの如き災いに遭うは、官仕の習いなり。
- Yoshitoki said, 'It is a practice of officials to meet with this kind of trouble.
- 江戸時代、寺子屋で習字本兼修身書として用いられた。
- During the Edo period, this book was used as a child's book on calligraphy as well as moral training at terakoya (temple elementary school).
- (木戸当初案)旧来の陋習を破り宇内の通義に従ふへし
- (The first draft of Kido) 旧来の陋習を破り宇内の通義に従ふへし (Evil customs of the past shall be broken off and everything based upon accepted orders of the whole world.)
- このような君主を、日本語で「皇帝」と訳す慣習がある。
- Such a monarch is customarily translated as 'Kotei' (皇帝) in Japanese.
- 平成19年(2007年)3月、学習院女子中等科卒業。
- In 2007, graduated from Gakushuin Girls' Junior High School.
- 酉の市で縁起物を買う風習は、関東地方特有の年中行事。
- The tradition of buying lucky charms in Tori no ichi is an annual event unique to the Kanto region.
- 表千家では習事八箇条・飾物五箇条の13条としている。
- Omotesenke (the house of Omotesen) style establishes 13 things to practice as konarai, including the Eight Naraigoto and the Five Kazarimono.
- ほうじ茶飲用の風習は、地方によってかなり相違がある。
- Hojicha drinking customs vary greatly by region.
- 葬儀の際に灰色系統のものを用いるのは明治以降の俗習。
- It is just a convention practiced after the Meiji period to use braids of color in the grey range on the occation of funerals.
- 5、6歳の頃母方の祖父・駒橘より四書の素読を習った。
- He read aloud the 'Shisho (four major Chinese books respected in the Confucianism)' under the tutelage of his maternal grandfather Komakitsu when he was 5 or 6 years old.
- 学習院を経て東京帝国大学(現・東京大学)法科に進学。
- After learning at Gakushuin School, he entered the law school of Tokyo Imperial University (present University of Tokyo).
- 近習として活躍した期間もたったの2年ほどでしかない。
- Even as a kinshu, he was active only for two years.
- 現在は設備のある文化教室で手芸として習うこともできる。
- Now, you can learn the braided cord technique as a handicraft in culture schools having such equipment.
- 女児の遊び道具のほか、裁縫の練習台としても使用された。
- It was used as a toy for girls as well as for practice of sewing.
- 引眉しないので半元服の習慣が現代に残るものと見てよい。
- Since they do not practice the hikimayu (plucking of eyebrows to paint them), one can say that the tayu's make-up keeps the tradition of the han-genpuku (semi-genpuku ceremony, in which women, when getting married, dyed their teeth black, did up their hair, but did not shave eyebrows).
- その後、練習用第2~第5野球場やプールなどが完成する。
- Thereafter, construction of the Daini through Daigo baseball stadiums (literally, Number 2 through Number 5 baseball stadiums) (for practice) along with the pool were completed.
- 落語家身分が初めに習い覚える話を「前座ばなし」と呼ぶ。
- The first stories learned by comic storytellers when they are new to rakugo are called 'zenza-banashi.'
- 地方や風習にもよるが、強制されたところもあったようだ。
- It depends on regions and customs, but it may have been compulsory in some places.
- イセエビを正月飾りとして用いる風習は現在も残っている。
- The custom to use Ise ebi as a decoration for New Year still continues now.
- この伝統の下、多くの書道教室・習字教室が存在している。
- Many Shodo and Shuji classes exist under this tradition.
- 算額奉納の習慣は世界に例を見ず、日本独自の文化である。
- The dedication of sangaku is a practice unknown to other countries, and is unique to Japanese culture.
- ならひつつ見てこそ習へ習はずによしあしいふは愚なりけり
- Learn something with your own hand before you criticize it; only those who are foolish judge the good and bad without learning.
- 手習(てならい)は、『源氏物語』五十四帖の巻名の一つ。
- Tenarai is one of the fifty-four chapters of 'The Tale of Genji.'
- 領内の寺院・神社の整理をおこない、神仏習合を排除した。
- He reorganized temples and shrines in his territory to rule out the syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism.
- 千宗旦四天王の1人・藤村庸軒に茶を習い、一派を成した。
- He learned tea ceremony from Yoken FUJIMURA, one of the Four Great Retainers of SEN no Sotan, and founded a school.
- 長崎に着いてからは張秋谷に画法を習い一月余り滞在した。
- After he arrived at Nagasaki, he learned painting methods from Shukoku CHO and stayed for about one month.
- しかし、学習意欲は衰えず書物を読むことを止めなかった。
- However his passion for study did not die and he did not stop reading.
- コンスタンチノ・ドラード 印刷技術習得要員、日本人少年
- Constantino Dourado, to learn printing technology, Japanese boy
- (現代表記)旧来の陋習を破り、天地の公道に基づくべし。
- (modern written Japanese) 旧来の陋習を破り、天地の公道に基づくべし。(Evil customs of the past shall be broken off and everything based upon the just laws of Nature.)
- 松下村塾、長崎海軍伝習所、神戸海軍操練所、蛮書和解御用
- Shokansonjuku, Nagasaki Naval Training Center, Kobe Naval Operations Center, Bansho-wage Goyo (Government Office for Translation of Barbarian Books)
- 大きく作った牡丹餅を赤子に踏ませ、成長を祈る習俗がある。
- In some regions is found a folkway that making babies step on large botamochi to hope the babies thrive.
- このような入浴の際の習慣は、江戸時代にも継承されていた。
- Such a manner of taking a bath as above was handed down to the Edo period.
- 元々は中国から入ってきた風習である(雲掃人形、掃晴娘)。
- This custom originally came from China (in China, such dolls were called '雲掃人形' (sweeping-cloud doll) or '掃晴娘' (fine weather girl)).
- そのため、ゴム弓練習というゴムを弦に見立てた練習をする。
- So, first they practice by using a rubber bow and draw the bow string with no arrow.
- 先祖の例に習い、摂関家と密接した関係にあった事がわかる。
- This reveals that he maintained a close relationship with the Sekkan-ke (the family entitled to serve as chief adviser to the Emperor), following the practice of his ancestors.
- 桐野作人『反・太閤記—光秀覇王伝』学習研究社,1995年
- 'Han Taikoki - Mitsuhide Haoden' by Sakujin KIRINO Gakushu Kenkyu Sha 1995
- - 歩兵隊を再編した衝鋒隊や伝習歩兵隊,伝習士官隊など。
- Shohotai reorganized from infantry, learning infantry, learning officer troops etc. joined.
- フランス式軍事演習で鍛えられた幕府陸軍で一挙に敵を粉砕。
- Now, the bakufu army having been trained in French tactical military strategy would enter the battle, to attack and destroy the enemy.
- 柔術は高橋猪兵衛満政について習った難波一甫流柔術である。
- His learned jujutsu (classical Japanese martial art, usually referring to fighting without a weapon) under Takahashi Ihei Mitsumasa, who belonged to the Nanba ippo-ryu school.
- 8月16日、京へ上っていた国臣は学習院出仕に任ぜられた。
- On September 28, Kuniomi who was in Kyoto, was order to serve at the Gakushuin school.
- 東京俘虜収容所長・習志野俘虜収容所長・貴族院等を務める。
- He served as Tokyo Internment Camp Chief, Narashino Internment Camp Chief, Member of the House of Peers, and so on.
- これらは当時の価値観や風習から大きく外れた行動であった。
- Actions such as those represented a significant departure from the sense of protocol in those days.
- そして、翁、千歳、三番叟、囃子はそれぞれ習いとされている。
- Okina, Senzai, Sanbaso, and Hayashi (an ensemble) are considered Narai (performances that require the special permission of Iemoto, or the head of a school, for the performers to play).
- 本来は江戸時代の歌舞伎や大相撲における用語・風習であった。
- Originally, this term and custom was used in kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) and grand sumo (Japanese-style wrestling) tournaments.
- とくに女子学習院や日本女子大学などで茶道の教授にあたった。
- In particular, he taught tea ceremony at Gakushuin Girl's Junior and Senior High School and Japan Women's University.
- 明治33年(1900年) 神戸商業講習所移転開校式典台臨。
- In 1900, Prince Sadanaru had a Tairin (visit by the empress, or the crown prince, or Imperial families) visit for the opening ceremony of a relocated school, Kobe Shogyo Koshu-jyo (Kobe Commercial Training Institute; Currently, Kobe commercial high school).
- また、山頂には明治天皇大演習御征監地と記された石柱がある。
- On the mountaintop, there is a stone pillar which has an inscription; the place where Emperor Meiji visited for and supervised an army exercise.
- 1.風俗慣習のうち、次の各号のいずれかに該当し、重要なもの
- 1. Important manners and customs that are applicable to one of the following
- この風習は明代の沈周に始まりその後呉派によって広められた。
- The custom was started by Shen ZHOU in Ming Dynasty, and later was spread by Go school.
- 寒中見舞い(かんちゅうみまい)は、日本の慣習の一つである。
- Kanchumimai (a winter greeting card) is one of the Japanese customs.
- スポーツ・クラブ、各種運動部会、合宿練習、稽古、試合、道場
- Sports club, various sports clubs, training camp, training, games, and dojos (hall used for martial arts training)
- この二つが習合し道祖神信仰となり、石造の塚になっていった。
- These two gods above mentioned became syncretized and developed into the Doso-shin (traveler's guardian deity) faith to become stone mounds.
- インドのヒンドゥー教のシヴァ神と日本古来の大国主命の習合。
- It is syncretization of Shiva from Hinduism in India and Okuninushi no Mikoto from ancient Japan.
- そのとき、最初は中国語を習得することが最初の課題であった。
- At that time, the first task was to learn Chinese.
- それ以外の伝習隊や撒兵隊などの多くは大隊を最大単位とした。
- For many troops other than the infantry, like Denshutai or sappei-tai troops, battalion was the largest unit.
- 1855年(安政2年)6月に長崎の海軍予備伝習に参加する。
- In June 1855, he attended the navy's pilot denshu (learning what one has been taught) in Nagasaki.
- 10月、ドイツ語習得のため、本郷の進文学社(私塾)に入学。
- In October, he enrolled in Shinbungakusha school (a private school) in Hongo to learn German.
- 位牌、法事など、先祖供養に関わる重要な習慣が儒教起源である。
- The Buddhist mortuary tablet, memorial service, and other important rites for ancestors originated in Confucianism.
- それだけでなく、新兵衛自身も「喧嘩のやり方」を助六から習う。
- What is more, Shinbei learns 'how to pick quarrels with others' from Sukeroku.
- 明治天皇の命によって設立された現在の学習院大学の前身である。
- This was a predecessor of the current Gakushuin University, which was built by Emperor Meiji's order.
- - 素麺などの麺類は割り箸を用いてすすって食べる習慣がある。
- Japanese people have a habit of sipping somen (fine noodles) and other noodles using chopsticks.
- 女児の遊び道具のほか、和裁の裁縫の練習台としても使用された。
- As well as being a toy for girls, they were also used as models for practicing the sewing of Japanese clothes.
- 近年は衰退気味の習慣だが、今も中高年層を中心になされている。
- This custom is becoming less common but is still performed by middle-aged and elderly people.
- そのための一定の慣習・流儀として整備されたのが家風であった。
- For that purpose, certain customs and procedures of each family were formed and maintained and were gradually nurtured as kafu.
- 家庭では、ご飯茶碗・箸は、各人専用のものを用いる習慣がある。
- It is customary for each household member to use his or her own rice bowl and chopsticks.
- 旧正月に子供に金銭などを与える風習はアジア諸国でも見られる。
- The custom of giving money to children during the Lunar New Year is seen also in the other countries in Asia.
- この戦闘には歩兵隊や伝習隊など多数が動員されたが、敗北した。
- A lot of soldiers from infantry and Denshutai joined these battles, but they were defeated.
- 1888年に渡米し、ペンシルバニア鉄道の見習をした後、帰国。
- In 1888 he went to the United States, and after working as an apprentice at Pennsylvania Railway, he returned to Japan.
- 霊示を受け、神仏習合の一大霊場である立山を開山したとされる。
- It is believed that, having received a spiritual message, he climbed Mt. Tate and founded a great sacred ground for the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism there.
- 菊の着綿(きくのきせわた)とは重陽の節句に行われる宮中の習慣。
- Kiku no Kisewata is a custom of the Imperial Court held in Chrysanthemum Festival.
- 同じ動きをする組立て模型キットが学習研究社より発売されている。
- A kit of a model doll that makes the same movements as the above is sold by Gakken Holdings Co., Ltd.
- なお、出雲地方では正月の雑煮としてぜんざいを食する習慣がある。
- In fact, in the Izumo region, it is common to eat zenzai for the New Year soup dish called zoni.
- ほかに、フィリピンやインドネシアなどでも類似の風習が見られる。
- Similar customs can be seen in the Philippines and Indonesia, as well..
- しかしその一方で一部の製造業者が現在でもこの風習を続けている。
- On the other hand, some manufacturers still continue this custom.
- 江戸時代には、七夕にそうめんを供物とする習俗が広まっていった。
- During the Edo period, the custom of offering somen as an altarage during Tanabata became popular.
- 本当に飲み慣れた日本人であれば熱くても吹くような習慣は乏しい。
- Any Japanese regular drinkers rarely blow on his/her coffee even if it is hot.
- 教育内容は手習や四書五経で、幕末には蘭学と西洋砲術が加わった。
- Tenarai (Japanese calligraphy) and Shishogokyo (the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism, otherwise known as the Nine Chinese Classics) were taught, and Western studies and Western gunnery were added to the curriculum at the end of the Edo period.
- 人質というよりも「政務見習い」として預けられたという説もある。
- There is a theory that he was entrusted to the Imagawa clan not as a hostage but for 'learning government affairs.'
- また赤穂藩の家老見習いになり、大叔父の大石良重の後見を受けた。
- He then became an apprentice of the chief retainer of Ako Domain and was looked after by his grand-uncle Yoshishige OISHI.
- 江戸で菊池五山に入門して漢詩を習得して、書は唐様を得意とした。
- In Edo, he became a pupil of Gozan KIKUCHI and learned Chinese poetry; and Karayo (Chinese style) was his specialty in calligraphy.
- 奥羽列藩同盟、白虎隊、二本松少年隊、蝦夷共和国、彰義隊、伝習隊
- Ou reppan domei (a coalition established by many clans in the Northern and Eastern areas of Japan), Byakkotai (suicide corps), Nihonmatsu shonentai (an army consisting of teenagers who fought in the Boshin war), the Republic of Ezo, Shogitai (group of former Tokugawa retainers opposed to the Meiji government who fought in the Battle of Ueno), Denshutai (Edo shogunate's army)
- 伎楽の教習者には課税免除の措置がとられるなど、官の保護もあった。
- Gigaku trainers were officially protected and supported by government with exemption of taxation and so on.
- 俳優やタレントなどの養成所で発声練習や滑舌の練習に使われている。
- It is used for vocal and articulation exercises at training schools for actors and entertainers.
- 乱、獅子、乱拍子の三つは各流ともきわめて重い習いとして扱われる。
- Each of the Noh schools deals with the three scores of Midare, Shishi and Ranbyoshi as very important dancing styles to be learned.
- この時代、女性への差別がつよく、女性の漢字学習が禁止されていた。
- In this era, females were strongly differentiated from males, and it was prohibited for females to learn Chinese language.
- There was serious discrimination against women and they were forbidden to learn Kanji in those days.
- 2007年には高齢者講習を受講し、紅葉マークを取得したと伝わる。
- He is reported to have received the elderly driver sticker in 2007 after attending a lecture to teach the elders the driving technique.
- 物音に目覚めた信長は、家来の喧嘩だと思い、近習に様子を探らせた。
- Nobunaga, who was woke up by sounds, thought that was quarrel of vassals and ordered a kinju (attendant) to check the situation.
- ここに至り、清和源氏が武家の棟梁となる慣習が確立したと言われる。
- It is said that a custom was established then to have the head of the samurai family from Seiwa-Genji.
- 岩手を中心とした日本の風俗習慣や価値観をしめす、民俗学でもある。
- It is a work of folklore that demonstrates Japanese values, mode of life and customs mainly in Iwate.
- そして、その学習過程において、人格を練磨し、情操を醇化していく。
- And to train character and inspire sentiment during the course of learning.
- 食事は師匠宅でするので(作るのは見習い本人だが)食費は要らない。
- They don't require food expenses because they eat at the master's residence (though minarai themselves cook).
- また,軍隊からジャガイモや牛肉などを使う食習慣が広まっていった。
- The custom of using potatoes and beef in dishes started with military forces and has spread.
- 2代将軍源頼家失脚後は新将軍となった実朝の近習として頭角を現す。
- He cut a figure as a kinju (attendant) of Sanetomo who became the new shogun after the downfall of MINAMOTO no Yoriie, the 2nd shogun.
- 『解体新書』上梓以降も前野良沢のもとでオランダ語の学習を進めた。
- Even after published 'Kaitai Shinsho', Junan kept learning Dutch from Ryotaku MAENO.
- 日本の場合は神仏習合の結果、日本独自に発展した仏教が多く見られる。
- In Japan, as a result of the syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, many strands of Buddhism unique to Japan developed.
- 猫の習性に合わせて外を出歩かせれば野良猫と交配し、雑種が生まれた。
- Cats which were allowed to walk around outside according to their habits mated with alley cats and hybrids were born.
- 現在でもその点前は受け継がれているが、近年は習得者が激減している。
- The temae (the manner of a Japanese tea ceremony) of this school has been inherited from the past until today, although the number of the disciples who try to learn its temae has dramatically decreased in recent years.
- 三社参りは地域に根付いた風習として一般的に行われている地域もある。
- In some regions sanshamairi is a custom which has taken root in general.
- 来客者、季節、昼夜の時間を考慮して掛軸を取り替える習慣が生まれた。
- Changing kakejiku to match the guests, seasons and the time of day became customary.
- また貴族の子弟教育のために学習院を設けるなど、多くの功績があった。
- She rendered tremendous services in the field of education for the children of nobles, founding schools.
- 乾山は、1689年(元禄2年)、御室に閑居を構え、習静堂と号した。
- Kenzan prepared place to live as a hermit in Omuro and called himself Shoseido (習静堂) in 1689.
- 熾仁親王の胎盤は当時の風習により、出世稲荷神社の境内に埋められた。
- The placenta of Imperial Prince Taruhito was put under the grounds of Shusse Inari-jinja Shrine, following the tradition of those days.
- そのため、南半球が慣習的な意味での冬至を迎える日は本来の夏至である
- Thus, the day of Toji in a traditional sense in the southern hemisphere is actually Geshi (the summer solstice) in the original, astronomical sense.
- 学習院時代には野球部でエース兼主将、ボート部でも一軍選手になった。
- During learning at Gakushuin, he became an ace and captain in the baseball club, and also played at the first string in the boat club.
- たとえば李退渓の著した『伝習録弁』は陽明学を批判して非常に厳しい。
- For example, Yi Toegye's 'Records of Learning' ('Jeonseup rok byeon') quite harshly criticized Yomeigaku.
- この日より囲炉裏を開いて、炉で鍋を焼き、火鉢で火を盛る習慣があった。
- People had a custom to put a light in irori (an open hearth), to heat a pot hung over it, and to put lighted charcoal in a brazier.
- やがて吊るし雛へと型を変え柳川まりとともに伝承されてきた風習である。
- This gradually changed shape into hanging hina dolls and passed down with Yanagawa mari.
- 三重県では三角餅と呼ばれ雛祭りにこの餅を持って親元へ行く風習がある。
- In Mie Prefecture, hishi mochi is called sankaku mochi (triangle mochi), and it is customary to bring it to one's parents during the Doll Festival.
- 仙台などでは七夕に魔除けや子供の健康を願って素麺を食べる習慣がある。
- There is the custom of eating somen during Tanabata praying for exorcism and health of children in Sendai.
- - 羽織の紐は祝儀の時と同様に白だが、黒や灰色を使用する風習もある。
- The color of braids of haori coat is equally white as in the case of auspicious events, but some customs allow to use black or grey braids for a funeral.
- とくに大化の改新について書かれた巻二十四、巻二十五に倭習が多数ある。
- Especially in the 24th and 25th volumes which describe the Taika Reforms there are many grammatical deviations affected by Japanese.
- 一方、個人による百首は作歌の練習や社寺への奉納などの目的で詠まれた。
- One hundred poem sequences written by an individual poet, on the other hand, were composed for other purposes, such as training and dedicating them to shrines and temples.
- しかしながら、陰陽道と同じく日本独自の思想と習合などがなされている。
- However, as is the case with Onmyodo, it is synthesized with the philosophies specific to Japan.
- 当時の墨帖は粗末なものが多く到底手習いの元とすることはできなかった。
- Many of bokujo in those days were shabby and could not be the example for practice.
- 『延喜式』の時代には『八十一難経』や『太素』の学習も規定されていた。
- When 'Engishiki' (the codes and procedures on national rites and prayers established in the middle of the Heian period) were in effect, students also had to learn 'Hachijuichi Nankyo' (a Chinese classic on acupuncture) and 'Taiso' (the commentary of Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon, written by Yang Shang Shau).
- 洋画の技法が習得される一方、伝統への志向が生れ「日本画」が誕生した。
- Some learned the technique of Western-style painting, and others became tradition-oriented, which gave birth to Japanese-style painting.
- この日は六曜の中で最も凶の日とされ、婚礼などの祝儀を忌む習慣がある。
- The day is thought to be the worst day in rokuyo and celebrations like wedding are to be avoided on that day as customs.
- 辻堂村西部は、大日本帝国海軍の横須賀海軍砲術学校辻堂演習場となった。
- The western part of Tsujido Village became the Tsujido maneuvering range of the Yokosuka naval gunnery school of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
- そして何らかの祈願を行い、祈願が叶うと目を書き入れるという習慣がある。
- Traditionally, the purchaser paints in one eye, making some special wish, and when the wish is fulfilled, paints in the other eye.
- 物品を人に見せ示すのに、硯箱に載せて、また蓋に載せて出す慣習もあった。
- There used to be a practice under which a person showed a certain article to other persons by putting it on suzuribako or its lid.
- さらにこの風習は日本のみで欧州諸国・東アジアなどにもないとされている。
- Wrapping sarashi is Japanese original custom, and there is no similar custom in Europe nor America, nor in East Asia.
- 近代書道教育の発展に貢献したのは小中学校の習字教科書の筆者ともいえる。
- It can be said that the persons who contributed to the development of modern calligraphy in education were the authors of school textbooks of calligraphy.
- 菊を服用するなどして薬効を得るのはもとは中国の習慣であったと思われる。
- Gaining the medicinal effect of chrysanthemum by taking it, and so on, is believed originally as a custom in China.
- 学習院時代には馬術部に所属し、高校2年生の秋以降は主将として活躍した。
- Belonging to the Equestrian club in his school days of Gakushuin School, he played an active part as the captain since the autumn of his second grade year of high school.
- 敗戦時の玉音放送の際にはホテルの2階の廊下に他の学習院生と一緒にいた。
- When the Emperor's announcement of Japan's surrender was broadcasted, the Crown Prince had listened the broadcast with other students of the Gakushuin School on a corridor of the second floor of the hotel.
- 文部科学省、教育委員会、教育長、校長(学長)、先生、教員免許、教育実習
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Education Board, school superintendent, principal (president), teacher, teacher's license, and teaching practice
- 他に禅宗寺院では「祝麺」と呼んで祝い事の昼食に素麺を食べる習慣がある。
- Furthermore, there is a custom of eating somen called 'celebration noodles' for lunch in a celebration event in Temples of the Zen sect.
- 1日3食が普遍的慣習となった20世紀後半より現在ではその意味は薄れた。
- It has not used in the original meaning since the latter half of the 20th century up to now when people have come to eat meals universally three times a day.
- これらの風習は、一部の旧家などで見られるのみで現在では殆ど見られない。
- Such customs have survived only in some old-established families and are not commonly observed today.
- 現在では子供に金銭を与える習慣及びその金銭の意で用いられることが多い。
- Now it usually means the custom of giving money to children and the money itself.
- なお、棋譜は全く残っておらず、当時は棋譜を残す慣習もなかったとされる。
- The records of games of shogi were not left, and it seems not to have been common to leave such records in those days.
- ふなんこぐい等のような壬申の乱に因む風習が残るのは、佐賀県鹿島である。
- In Kashima, Saga Prefecture, customs like eating funan kogui (local cuisine of Kashima city, Saga prefecture), which was associated with the Jinshin Rebellion still continued.
- 明治6年(1873年):外祖父・大原観山の私塾に通い四書の素読を習う。
- In 1873, he enrolled in his maternal grandfather Kanzan OHARA's private school and learned to read the Four Books of Confucianism.
- しかし、神仏習合の考え自体は明治時代の神仏分離まで衰えることなかった。
- However, shinbutsu-shugo thought itself undiminished until the 'separation of Buddhism and Shintoism' during the Meiji period.
- 海岸部を国道134号が通過している(演習場時代は北側を迂回していた)。
- National Route 134 passes the seashore area (it was detoured through the north side in the days of the maneuvering range).
- 1728年(享保13年)-1748年(寛延元年) - 毎年演習を行う。
- From 1728 to 1748, the maneuvers were held each year.
- 1750年(寛延3年)-1774年(安永3年) - 隔年で演習を行う。
- From 1750 to 1774, the maneuvers were held every other year.
- 初代の死後も、その娘や弟子を中心に自衛隊駐屯所や一般教室にて習流が続く。
- Even after the decease of the first head, practices of his school are continued mainly by his daughter and disciples with other followers of the school at army posts of the Self-Defense Forces and other classes.
- これらの楽器は、日本人のアマチュア愛好家でも、わりあい簡単に習得できた。
- These instruments were relatively easy for Japanese amateurs to learn.
- 1981年、国立劇場の『菅原伝授手習鑑』の菅丞相が神品とまで絶賛される。
- In 1981, his portrayal of Kanshoso in 'Sugawara-denju-tenarai-kagami' at the National Theater earned a reputation for being 'godlike.'
- 昭和26年(1951年)4月より、小学校4年生以上に毛筆習字の正科が復活
- In April of 1951, brush-using calligraphy was restored as a formal learning item in the fourth and higher grades of elementary schools.
- また陸軍演習場も備えており京都府と兵庫県の北部を警備担任区域としている。
- Additionally, a practice ground for the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force was also built, and Kyoto Prefecture and the northern part of Hyogo Prefecture have been designated as a security area.
- 学習院大学時代の論文はヨーロッパの鉄道史に関する内容であったと言われる。
- He reportedly wrote a thesis on the history of railway in Europe when he was a student of Gakushuin University.
- この慣習に従い、政治実務から棚上げにされた人物の例として兼明親王がいる。
- An example of one person who, following this custom, was put aside from political affairs, was Imperial Prince Kaneakira.
- 習事は茶筅飾・台飾・長緒・盆香合・花所望・炭所望・組合点・仕組点である。
- The Eight Naraigoto are: chasen kazari, dai kazari, nagao, bonkogo, hanashomo, sumishomo, kumiawasedate, and shigumidate.
- かつては夏に、冷やしたものまたは熱したものを暑気払いに飲む習慣があった。
- Cold amazake or hot amazake used to be drunk during summer in order to forget the summer heat.
- 宗教施設の中には神仏習合の権現として参拝の対象になっている例も存在する。
- There is also an example that some religious facilities are the target of prayer as Gongen (avatar) of syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism.
- 盂蘭盆会の精霊膳やえびす講の供膳にそうめんを供する習慣は全国に見られる。
- The custom of offering somen on a tray used for serving as one of the Buddhist altar fittings in Urabon-e festival (a Festival of the Dead or Buddhist All Souls' Day, around the fifteenth of July or August, depending on local customs) and Ebisu ko (a fete in honor of Ebisu for the purpose of asking for good fortune) is observed nationwide.
- 1998年にオープンした専用練習場サンガタウン城陽が京都府城陽市にある。
- A private training ground Sanga Town Joyo opened in 1998 is located in Joyo City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- また、花賞翫の風習から花合、花競べなど、後世華道に通ずるものも行われた。
- Events that reminded one of later flower arrangement such as hanaawase (a flower card game or waka poetry contest about a flower), and hanakurabe (waka poetry contest about a flower) from the custom of hana shogan (flower appreciation) were performed.
- 14歳になり高知城下の日根野弁治の道場へ入門し、下士の習う小栗流を学ぶ。
- At the age of 14, he enrolled in Benji HINENO's dojo, a martial arts school, in Kochi castle town and learned the swordsmanship of the Oguri-ryu style that the lower-rank samurai learns.
- 「桐壺」「関屋」「野分」「梅枝」「藤裏葉」「匂宮」「紅梅」「手習」など。
- Kiritsubo,' 'Sekiya,' 'Nowaki,' 'Umegae,' 'Fuji no Uraba,' 'Nioumiya,' 'Kobai,' etc.
- (中国で国を九分して治める習慣から九州=天下、(参考→九州 (中国)))
- (Since the country was customarily divided into nine areas and reigned in China, Kyushu was associated with tenka (realm) (reference; Kyushu [China])
- 長崎で蘭学を学び、1857年に海軍伝習生の矢田堀景蔵に従って江戸に出た。
- He studied Western learning in Nagasaki and went to Edo in 1857, following Keizo YATABORI who was a learner of navy.
- 26歳で田安家に奥詰見習として仕え、近習番頭取次席、奥詰絵師と出世した。
- When he was 26 years old, he started to work for the Tayasu family as a trainee okuzume (adviser to the shogun) and then he was promoted to Kinjiban Todori Jiseki (vice chief of attendant to Shogun) followed by Okuzume Eshi (painter).
- また大和国(奈良県)の葛城山に篭り密教の宿曜秘法を習得したとも言われる。
- In addition, Dokyo is believed to have learned and acquired a secret method of Sukuyo (an astrology based on the Sutra of constellations and planets) of Esoteric Buddhism during his retreat in Mt. Katsuragi in Yamato Province (present-day Nara Prefecture).
- 特に福岡県を中心として九州地方・中国地方の一部では強く根付いた風習である。
- It is a custom which has firmly taken root especially in parts of Kyushu and Chugoku regions centering around Fukuoka Prefecture.
- 押借(おしが)り強請(ねだり)やぁ習おうより 慣れた時代(じでえ)の源氏店
- Around the time when I got accustomed to extortion, I entered Genjidana.
- 日本武術の抜刀術では一部の流派で練習刀の帯刀のため稽古着の上から着用する。
- In some schools of battojutsu (an art of drawing a sword), a kind of Japanese military arts, people tie it on their practice wear for the purpose of wearing a practice sword.
- しかしその一方で揖保乃糸など一部の製造業者が現在でもこの風習を続けている。
- On the other hand, however, some manufacturers such as Ibo no Ito continue the tradition even to this day.
- この風習は1980年代後半までは関東地方(東京)などを中心に多く見られた。
- This tradition was often seen in the regions around Kanto area (Tokyo) until the latter half of the 1980's.
- 火鉢の火を灰を被せて消した後、火箸を十文字に刺しておくという習慣があった。
- There was a custom of thrusting two Hibashi chopsticks into ash crossing them over each other when covering a brazier fire with ash to put it out.
- 同会は水府流の特定の師範について吟を習っているが、これも学生吟では珍しい。
- The club is learning shigin under a specific teacher of suifu ryu (suifu style), which is also uncommon in gakuseigin.
- 初心者でなくても的前に入る前に、体を慣らす為や型確認の為に巻藁練習を行う。
- Not only beginners but some accomplished archers perform makiwara practice in order to refamiliarize themselves and perfect their kata.
- 日本に外国の影響が入ってきた場合、まずはそれに習った異国風の文化が花開く。
- When a foreign item is introduced into Japan from abroad, exotic culture based on the item is established first.
- 前述の通り、神仏習合の思想が大きく影響していると考えられているためである。
- This results from the profound influence of the concept of syncretization of Shinto and Buddhism, as mentioned above.
- 種子島時堯の臣である篠川小四郞はこの術を習い、百発百中するに至ったという。
- Since Koshiro SHINOKAWA, a retainer of Tokitaka TANEGASHIMA, learned this art, he had never missed the target.
- フランス人教官の不足から、伝習隊の一部は日本人教官による指導を受けていた。
- Some soldiers of Denshutai received trainings from Japanese instructors due to shortage of French instructors.
- 3種類の武器に習熟したことによって、689年に持統天皇から賞を与えられた。
- Since he was good at using three kinds of weapon, in 689, he was given a prize by Empress Jito.
- ある激しい雨の日、家治は1人の近習が空を見上げ溜息をついてるのを目にした。
- On a heavy rainy day, Ieharu saw a Kinju (attendant) sigh looking at the sky.
- また吉宗は、漢学者であった青木昆陽、野呂元丈らにオランダ語の学習を命じた。
- Moreover, Yoshimune ordered the Sinology scholar Konyo AOKI, Genjo NORO and others to study Dutch language.
- 夢二のファンであり、絵を習いたいと「港屋絵草子店」を訪問し、交際が始まる。
- She was a big fan of Yumeji, and thus visited his store 'Minatoya esoshi-ten' to learn about painting, resulting in their relationship.
- 言語や習慣の異なる者に対して、古代人は畏敬の念と共に、不可触の念を抱いた。
- The ancient people felt they conveyed a sense of awe, as if they were untouchable by those who had different languages and customs.
- 中練教程の搭乗員の教育を推進するため、予科練卒業生への実機練習を推進した。
- It promoted on-the-ground training of preparatory school graduates in order to educate mid-level airmen.
- 昭和10年(1935年)前後から「文検習字科」は「文検書道科」に改名された。
- From around 1935, 'the category of learning writing with brushes, at bunken' was changed to 'the category of calligraphy, at bunken.'
- また、明治10年(1877年)には華族の子弟教育のために学習院が開校された。
- In 1877, Gakushuin School opened for promoting education of children in the kazoku class.
- 江戸時代にもこの風習は普及していたらしく、浮世絵や、黄表紙などに現れている。
- It seems that this custom was also widespread in the Edo period, because it can be seen in Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock print) and Kibyoshi (illustrated book of popular fiction whose cover is yellow).
- 日本では昔から「読み書きソロバン」として、寺子屋などで習字が指導されてきた。
- Shuji (calligraphy) has been traditionally taught in Terakoya (a private elementary school during the Edo period) and in others in Japan as 'reading, writing, and abacus.'
- ご飯を食べるのに匙を使う習慣はすたれ、ご飯碗を手で持って食べるようになった。
- The custom of using a spoon for eating boiled rice went out of style, and when eating boiled rice in a rice bowl, the rice bowl was held in one hand.
- 橋姫、椎本、総角、早蕨、宿木、東屋、浮舟、蜻蛉、手習、夢浮橋の十帖を宇治十帖
- Hashi Hime, Sigamoto, Agemaki, Sawarabi, Yadorigi, Azuma-ya, Ukifune, Kagero, Tenarai and Yume no Ukihashi are called the Ten Quires of Uji.
- この演習により、ダグラス・マッカーサーは仁川上陸作戦を成功させたといわれる。
- It is said that those maneuvers led to the success of General Douglas MacArthur's Incheon landing operation.
- 旧日本軍の騎兵科の教練にも水馬がおこなわれ、水中騎兵練習として重視されていた。
- Suiba was adopted as a drill of the cavalry department of the Imperial Japanese Army and became an important in-water exercise.
- 気多の鵜祭の習俗(2000年12月27日 羽咋市、七尾市 気多神社、鵜浦町会)
- Keta's U-matsuri cormorant festival tradition (December 27, 2000; Hakui and Nanao Cities; Keta-jinja Shrine, Unoura Town Association)
- 特に決まりというものはないが、大方の慣習として、次のような使い分けが存在する。
- There is no rule especially, but customarily divided as followings:
- 初詣が習慣化したのはそれほど古い時代ではなく、明治時代中期のこととされている。
- Hatsumode is considered to have become a common practice not so long ago but during the middle of the Meiji period.
- 室町時代に土岐四郎左衛門道長が足利義政の近習になり、出家して幸阿弥を名のった。
- Shirozaemon Michinaga TOKI, a kinju (attendant) of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, became a priest during the Muromachi period and called himself Koami.
- 江戸時代に引越し蕎麦の風習が始まるまでは、引越しの際には粥を近所に配っていた。
- In Japan, until the custom of giving out soba to new neighbors after a house move (hikkoshi soba) began during the Edo period, people would distribute kayu after moving.
- 秋には冬眠のため深場に移るが、この時に行列をなして移動する変わった習性がある。
- They have the strange habit of moving in line, one following another when it moves to the deep places in the sea to hibernate in winter,
- なお、小野派一刀流や直心影流剣術など、剣道と併習する者が比較的多い流派もある。
- There are some schools, such as the Onoha Itto-ryu School and theJikishinkage-ryu Kenjutsu, at which a comparatively large number of people learn both Kenjutsu and Kendo.
- 室町時代に伊勢参宮や本山詣が庶民に広がり、賽銭を奉る風習が定着したといわれる。
- It is said that the visit to the Ise-jingu Shrine and the pilgrimage to the head temple became popular among the common people in the Muromachi period, and that the custom of offering Saisen was then established.
- これは日本の漢文学習で音読が軽視され、訓読が過度に重視された弊害とも言われる。
- This is said to be because of the adverse effect of Chinese literature learning in Japan, where an excessive importance was attached to 'kundoku' (reading Chinese texts as Japanese texts), rather than to 'ondoku' (the Chinese-style reading of a character).
- この頃になると、下克上の風習が一般化し始め、応仁の乱により幕府権力も衰退した。
- Around this time, the custom of the revolt of vassals against their lords became accepted, and the Onin War weakened the power of the feudal government.
- 各地に庚申塔や庚申堂が造られ、庚申講や庚申待ちという組織や風習が定着している。
- Koshin towers and Koshin halls were built in various locations throughout the nation, and organizations and customs such as Koshin-ko (organizations celebrating Koshin) and the Koshin-machi ritual (being awake throughout the night on Koshin days) are firmly established.
- 元々は長崎出島のオランダ商館で、日本在留のオランダ人が祝っていた風習であった。
- Originally, it was a tradition carried by the Dutch who were living in Japan at the Dutch trading house in Dejima, Nagasaki.
- なお、西洋語学を習得する秘訣として、作品内で語源を学習に役立てる逸話を記した。
- In addition, as a aid for those learning western languages, he added anecdotes to help memorize the derivation of words.
- 一方、父・則義は娘の文才を見抜き、知人の和田重雄のもとで和歌を習わせたという。
- On the other hand, it is said that her father, Noriyoshi, recognized his daughter's literary talent and let her learn waka from his acquaintance, Shigeo WADA.
- 採用に当たっては蜂田薬師・奈良薬師などの薬部や世習(3代続く家系)を優先した。
- And in their adoption, the court prioritized those from 'kusuri-be' (the hereditary occupational group on pharmacology), such as 'Hachida no Kusushi' and 'Nara no Kusushi,' and those from 'seshu' (the lineage engaged in medicine for three consecutive generations).
- 福井県立図書館(福井市)・福井県立若狭図書学習センター(小浜市)で公開された。
- It was shown in Fukui library in Fukui City and Fukui Prefectural Wakasa Library & Life-Long Learning Center in Obama City.
- 王陽明の思想は『伝習録』、『朱子晩年定論』、『大学問』にうかがうことができる。
- Wang Yangming's ideas can be seen in 'Instructions for Practical Living' ('Chuanxilu' in Chinese, 'Denshuroku' in Japanese), 'Conclusions of Zhuxi's Final Years ('Zhuxi wannian dinglun' in Chinese, 'Shushi bannen teiron' in Japanese), and 'Inquiry on 'The Great Learning'' ('Ta xue wen' in Chinese, 'Daigakumon' in Japanese).
- 日本では長く神仏習合が行われたため、神道と仏教の間には明確な境界線が存在しない。
- Since the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism has been seen for a long time in Japan, there is no clear line between the two.
- その際、題名も正式な歌舞伎外題である『菅原伝授手習鑑』とは別の通称が用いられる。
- In that case, another title besides the formal kabuki title of 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami' was used.
- これにより、朝廷の旧習を一新して外交を進め、海軍や陸軍を整えることを図るとする。
- Because of this the Imperial court decided to part with conventional ways and move ahead with diplomatic ties, while improving the navy and army.
- また、長期にわたって外遊した結果、単位不足で進級できず学習院大学政治学科を中退。
- Moreover, this official travel lasted for long period resulted in the shortage of credits enough to advance to a higher degree, which obliged him to drop out of the Department of Political Science of Gakushuin University.
- 江戸時代には、大鷲神社の本尊(神仏習合本地垂迹説)は鷲の背に乗った釈迦とされた。
- It was believed in the Edo period that the principal image of the Otori-jinja Shrine was Shaka (Buddha) standing on the back of an eagle (on the basis of the honji-suijaku-setsu [the theory of original reality and manifested traces, according to which Shinto gods are manifestations of Buddhas] under the concept of shinbutsu-shugo [the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism]).
- 前者は大隅という辺境の地にたまたま残った古い風習を記録したものと解すべきである。
- It should be understood that the former was only a record of an old custom which happened to remain in the remote region of Osumi.
- 歌垣の習俗は、焼畑農業民にも稲作民にも見られるが、特に山岳焼畑地帯で顕著である。
- Although the custom of utagaki may be observed in both swidden and rice-growing farmers, it is prominent among the people in mountainous areas of slash-and-burn agriculture.
- パンの代わりに飯を皿に盛り、料理をおかずとして交互に食べるという慣習も生まれた。
- The custom to serve rice on a dish instead of bread, and to eat rice and the western food as side dishes one after the other was also created.
- おやつの習慣は元々が和時計における「八時(やつどき=午後2時前後)」に由来する。
- The term 'oyatsu' originated in the custom made at yatsudoki (about two p. m.) according to the Japanese clock.
- 狭い岩の隙間に潜り込む習性を利用した蛸壺、蛸箱漁業は、タコ漁業独特のものである。
- Octopus trap pot and trap box fishery that use octopus behavior of hiding between narrow rock crevices are unique to octopus fishery.
- しかしこの当時の、作品に作者の名を出さない慣習から、近松作品は特定されていない。
- However, because the custom of the time was that the name of a playwright was not credited with a play, Monzaemon's works were not identified.
- また、「日待」や「月待」として日の出や月の出を待って太陽や月を拝む風習もあった。
- And there were 'himachi' and 'tsukimachi,' which were customs to wait for the sun and the moon to rise and greet them.
- この徒組等への訓練は、講武所設置後には、その中の砲術習練所へと移って続けられた。
- The location of training to them was changed to the gunnery training center in Kobu sho after the establishment of Kobu sho and the training to them was carried on.
- 2月5日には伝習隊の歩兵400名が八王子方面に脱走(後に大鳥圭介軍に合流する)。
- On February 5th, four hundred infantry soldiers from the Denshutai (army of the Tokugawa shogunate) strategically deserted to the Hachioji region (Later, these troops were to join up with the army of Keisuke OTORI.).
- 「ヤパン号」は同年9月(旧暦)に到着し、江戸からの27名の第2期伝習生を迎えた。
- `Yaban go' arrived in October in the same year, and 27 students in the second term from Edo boarded the `yaban go.'
- 家治は密かに溜息をついていた近習を呼ぶと「孝を尽くせ」と100両を渡したという。
- Ieharu is said to have secretly called the Kinju who had sighed and handed 100 Ryo to the Kinju saying, 'Devote yourself to your parents.'
- これが、6月16日に厄除け・招福を願って菓子を食う「嘉祥菓子」の習俗の起源となった
- This is the origin of what is called the 'Kajo gashi' (Kajo cakes, where the term 'kajo' is an alternative reading for the era name Kasho) that is customarily eaten for epidemic prevention and good health on June 16.
- 朝鮮には日本のような茶道の風習はなく、茶碗と言ってもそれは日本での呼称に過ぎない。
- Korea has no custom equivalent to Japan's Sado and the word 'chawan' (tea bowl) is a term only used in Japan.
- この慣習がいつ始まったかは定かではないが、江戸時代には既に定着していたようである。
- It is unknown when this custom was started, but it seems that it had already been fixed in the Edo period.
- このような算額奉納の習慣は世界中をみても他に類例がなく、日本独特の文化といわれる。
- No such custom can be found in any other country in the world and the culture of dedicating mathematical puzzles is said to be unique to Japan.
- 福島県から関東一円にかけて、数多くはないが、今でもこの風習が見られるとされる()。
- This custom is not widespread any longer but can be still seen throughout the Kanto region and in Fukushima Prefecture.
- なお記録としては、日本では遅くとも5世紀頃にはそういった習慣があったとされている。
- Records show that there was such a practice in Japan in the fifth century at the latest.
- なお能などの分野では慣例的に家元を宗家と言習わして、家元の語を用いない場合がある。
- In fields such as noh theater, iemoto is customarily referred to as 'soke' and the word 'iemoto' may not be used.
- ラジオ講座・テレビ講座、カルチャーセンター、生涯学習(社会教育)、各種サークル活動
- Radio Lessons and TV Lessons, culture center, Lifelong education (social education), and various group activities
- 中国北方では餃子を、南方では湯圓(餡の入った団子をゆでたもの)を食べる習慣がある。
- There is a tradition of eating jiao-zi (Chinese dumplings containing ground meat and/or vegetables) in Northern China and tan-en (boiled dango (dumplings) with an (sweet bean paste) inside) in Southern China.
- 古典は数多くあるが、最初に学習すべき各書体の基本的な古典は通常以下のものとされる。
- Though there are many classics, the basic ones of each writing style to learn first are as follows:
- 猿楽・狂言・連歌などは都市・農村問わず愛好され、喫茶の風習も茶の湯として広がった。
- Sarugaku (form of theater popular in Japan during the eleventh to fourteenth centuries), Kyogen (farce played during a Noh play cycle), and Renga (linked verse) became popular in both urban and rural areas; tea drinking customs also spread in the form of Chanoyu (the tea ceremony).
- それから、きんとんや蒲鉾などの口取りを添えてみやげ物として持ち帰る風習が生まれた。
- Then it became customary that such a broiled sea bream was taken home as a souvenir, together with kuchidori (a plate of assorted delicacies), for example, of kinton (mashed sweet potatoes) and kamaboko (boiled fish paste).
- 名は慣習的に「ちょうけい」と読まれることが多いが、正しくは「ながよし」と思われる。
- His name is often read as 'Chokei,' but the correct reading is thought to be 'Nagayoshi.'
- 柳本飛行場の造成が進行したことから、練習隊は美保飛行場を明け渡して柳本に転出した。
- As the construction of Yanagimoto Airport was making progress, the training group left Miho Airport and was transferred to Yanagimoto.
- 横浜市駐留のイギリス軍から、神奈川奉行所の下番などが指導を受け、合同演習も行った。
- 下番 of Kanagawa Magistrate's office received trainings from and had exercises jointly with the English army that stationed in Yokohama City.
- また大石本家の当主大石内蔵助良雄とともに奥村無我に弟子入りして東軍流を習っている。
- Moreover, he became a disciple of Muga OKUMURA together with Yoshio OISHI (common name Kuranosuke), the family head of the main family of OISHI, to learn the Togun-ryu school of swordmen.
- また、小学校ではよく総合的な学習の時間で取り上げられ、その生涯、功績を学んでいる。
- In addition, many elementary schools feature Choei in the integrated learning period to hand down his life and achievements to younger generations.
- また従来ほとんど例が無かった宮中の儀式・習慣・故実を題材とした点でも知られている。
- It is also known as the first-ever utaawase in which ceremonies, customs and historical events at the Imperial Court were used as subject matter.
- 合議体制、官民一体での国家形成、旧習の打破、世界列国と伍する実力の涵養などである。
- In this oath, the government stipulated the use of a collegiate body system, the creation of a state in cooperation with bureaucracy and the private sector, the breaking of old habits, and the fostering of power to equal with foreign powerful countries.
- 演習の時期になると役人の宿泊接待、力役労働、警備、伝馬などの夫役を負担させられた。
- When the period for maneuvers came, these villages were made to pay compulsory service, such as by providing accommodations for government officials or serving in manual labor, guard and horse-related posts.
- さらに全国各地で日頃の練習の成果を発表する場としてコンサートを積極的に開催している。
- Also, it has been holding concerts throughout Japan for providing opportunities for students to show the results of daily practice.
- 天来は30歳のとき、文部省教員検定試験(習字科)に合格し書家としての活躍が始まった。
- At the age of thirty, Tenrai passed the teacher qualification test at the Ministry of Education (the category of shuji (calligraphy), starting his activities as a calligrapher.
- いずれも古くは京都・上方地域の一部に残った風習であったが、昨今ではみられなくなった。
- In earlier times, those were the customs remained in part of Kamigata region in Kyoto, but not practiced recently.
- 官庁内部の慣習法は例または行事という言葉で奈良時代からすでに法的に認められてはいた。
- Common law inside the ministries was already accepted as law, since the Nara period, through terms like rei and gyoji.
- その道中、小山城 (下野国)付近や宇都宮城で伝習隊などの旧幕府軍と新政府軍が戦った。
- Along the way, former Shogunate forces such as the Denshu-tai (French-trained special unit) fought against the new government's forces around Oyama Castle in Shimotsuke Province and at Utsunomiya Castle.
- 淳仁天皇は二世王から践祚したので、それ以降は親王宣下をもって親王とする慣習となった。
- Because Emperor Junnin ascended the throne as a second generation king, it became a custom to give the title of Imperial Prince to those after the second generation and make them an Imperial Prince.
- こういった習慣はイギリスにおけるアフタヌーン・ティー(ハイティーとも)にも見られる。
- The United Kingdom also has a similar custom, which refers to afternoon tea (also known as high tea).
- ウクライナの中学2年生の教科書に2ページに渡り、松尾芭蕉のことが書かれ学習している。
- There is a description of Basho MATSUO in two pages of textbook for second-year junior high school in Ukraine.
- 原則として在地の慣習法を尊重しているが、一方で領主の結束を図る手段も規定されている。
- As a rule, common laws of a local land were respected; however, Rokkakushi Shikimoku established the way to promote solidarity of a feudal lord.
- 1880年(明治13年)に五代友厚、山本達雄らとともに私立大阪商業講習所を設置した。
- In 1880, he founded the Osaka Commercial Training Institute together with Tomoatsu GODAI and Tatsuo YAMAMOTO.
- 1895年(明治28年)には学校法人学習院院長となり、華族の子弟の教育に力を注いだ。
- In 1895, he became president of the Gakushuin School Corporation and put his effort into education for younger people from Peerage families.
- 安政4年(1857年)閏5月18日、長崎伝習之御用を命じられ、長崎(長崎県)に赴く。
- On July 8, 1857, he was ordered to study at Nagasaki Training Center, and headed for Nagasaki Prefecture.
- 西日本の各地の風習としての三社参りは、正月の初詣として、三つの神社を詣でることを指す。
- Sanshamairi which is a custom at various places in western Japan means visits to three Shinto shrines for hatsumode (new year's visit to a shrine) on New Year's Holidays.
- 諸書にみられるように朝鮮では大食を美とする風習があり、林子平も以下のようにのべている。
- There are various descriptions of gluttony being held as a virtue in Korea, and Shihei HAYASHI wrote as follows.
- このため、最終学歴は「学習院大学教育ご終了」(宮内庁のウェブサイトに拠る)としている。
- Therefore, the website of the Imperial Household Agency introduces his final academic background as follows: 'The Emperor Akihito completed the general education course of Gakushuin University.'
- 制度の近代化・西欧化が進められる中で、節刀の慣習は元帥への刀剣下賜という形で残される。
- Amid the ongoing modernization and westernization of system, the custom of Setto remained as a practice of granting a sword to marshal.
- 公家法の時代には、法のあらゆる分野で、慣習法の体系が重要な法的意義をもつようになった。
- In the age of court noble law, the system of common law developed an important legal significance in various areas of law.
- 浦終い(うらじまい)とは、日本の海難事故に際して行われる伝統的な儀式や事後処理の慣習。
- Urajimai is a Japanese custom of conducting traditional ceremonies and handling the aftermath of accidents at sea.
- 父同様に学問好きな性格の持ち主で、その遺志を継いで公家の学問所である学習院を創立した。
- He took after his father and loved to study, he took father's will and established the court nobles learning center, Gakushuin.
- そして、1980年代後半、大阪市の青年団体協議会が主宰で、地車囃子の講習会が開かれた。
- And in late 1980, a training session of danjiri-bayashi was held, organized by Youth Groups committee of Osaka City.
- 歌垣と同様の風習は、中国南部からインドシナ半島、フィリピンやインドネシアにも存在する。
- Customs similar to utagaki are now observed in the southern part of China, Indochina, the Philippines, and Indonesia.
- なお弔事に黒足袋を用いるとするのは俗説もしくは明治時代以降のきわめて特殊な慣習である。
- Incidentally, it is a myth or a quite special custom since the Meiji period that black tabi should be worn on mourning occasions.
- その一方で、蕎麦を食することを下賎の風習として上流階層が敬遠していたとする史料もある。
- Meanwhile, there were some historical papers describing the upper class shying away from soba and dismissing eating soba as a lower class custom.
- 道切り(みちきり)とは、村(地域)の出入り口にあたる道や辻で行われる民俗習慣のひとつ。
- Michikiri is a folk custom practiced on roads or crossroads at the entrance to villages (or regions).
- 江戸期以降火縄銃の射的に使用された木製の標的板の中央の黒点を「星」と呼ぶ習慣があった。
- After the Edo period the central black point of a wooden target board used for target practice of hinawaju was called 'hoshi' as a custom.
- はじめ堀河天皇近習の楽人として活動したが、その後、堀河院歌壇の中心人物として活躍した。
- He was a musician who attended the Emperor Horikawa first, and later played a leading role in Horikawain's poetry circle.
- 特に摂政二条良基には連歌を習い、これは後々世阿弥の書く能や能芸論に影響を及ぼしている。
- He learned Renga (linked verse) from a regent, Yoshimoto NIJO, and this subsequently influenced Noh and Zeami's Theory of Noh.
- 治暦2年(1066年)に童殿上(貴族の子弟が殿上で見習いの奉仕をすること)を許される。
- In 1066, he was given permission for Warawa Tenjo (children of aristocratic families becoming apprentices and serving in the palace).
- また、太子信仰の風習から、聖徳太子の制定した憲法十七条に影響されたとも考えられている。
- Furthermore, it is also thought to have been influenced by the Seventeen Article Constitution that was established by Prince Shotoku from the traditions of the cult of Taishi.
- 安政2年(1855年)に江戸幕府が新設した長崎海軍伝習所へ、薩摩藩より選抜されて入所。
- In 1855, Sumiyoshi entered the Kaigun Denshu-sho (Japanese Naval School) established by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) through the selection from the Satsuma Domain.
- 将軍・源実朝に近習として仕え、実朝のお気に入りであったことが『吾妻鏡』に記されている。
- It is recorded in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) that he served MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, shogun, as an attendant, and was favored by Sanetomo.
- 通詞の西善三郎からオランダ語学習の困難さを諭され、玄白はオランダ語習得を断念している。
- At that time, Zensaburo NISHI, a Dutch translator, admonished Genpaku against learning Dutch due to its difficulty, and Genpaku took the advice and gave up mastering the language.
- 天保13年(1842年)、長州藩士有吉忠助の次男(近習有吉傳十郎の弟)として生まれる。
- In 1842, he was born as the second son of a feudal retainer of the Choshu clan, Tadasuke ARIYOSHI (a younger brother of a kinju [attendant], Denjuro [傳十郎] ARIYOSHI).
- 仏教にはそのような性質がもともと具わっていたことが神仏習合を生んだ大きな要因であった。
- Such nature of Buddhism was the key factor of the birth of shinbutsu-shugo.
- 学習指導要領には大和朝廷の表記が見られるが、歴史教科書の表記は前述のように様々である。
- While government course guidelines employ the term Yamato Imperial Court, Japanese history textbook publishers use various different terms such as those mentioned above.
- 雅楽を演奏する際、1日の最後の曲には祝言の意味から必ず「千秋楽」を演奏したという古い風習
- It came from the ancient custom that, when gagaku (traditional court music) was played, 'senshuraku,' which suggested congratulations, was played as the last number of the day.
- 徳川家康 - 堺で近習数名と見物中(帰国途路の河内飯盛山(四条畷市)付近で凶報に接する)
- Ieyasu TOKUGAWA: While sightseeing together with a few attendants was informed of the death of Nobunaga near Kawachi Iimoriyama (Shijonawate City, on his way back).
- これに類する風習として静岡県東伊豆町の雛のつるし飾り、山形県酒田市の傘福(笠福)がある。
- The hanging ornaments consisting of dolls of Higashiizu Town in Shizuoka Prefecture and kasafuku hanging ornaments of Sakata City in Yamagata Prefecture are similar customs.
- また日本独特の風習として、旅館やホテルに寝巻きとして客用の浴衣が用意してある場合が多い。
- Additionally, many ryokan and hotels prepare yukata for their guests as night clothing, which is a unique custom in Japan.
- 特に京料理では祇園祭に食べる風習があり(下記)、夏の味覚の代表的なものとして珍重される。
- In Kyoto it is eaten especially during the Gion Festival (as mentioned below), and it is prized as being a typical summer dish.
- しかし、短期間で、日本語活字の製造をもなしえたことは、その習熟の早さを物語ることである。
- However, it showed good proficiency to have also achieved the manufacturing of Japanese types in a short period.
- 年玉の習慣は中世にまでさかのぼり、主として武士は太刀を、町人は扇を、医者は丸薬を贈った。
- The custom of Toshidama originated in the Medieval Period when samurai presented swords, merchants presented fans and doctors presented pills mainly as Toshidama.
- 下谷泉橋通りの関千代(書家関雪江の姉)の塾で手習い、御徒士町の相田氏の塾で素読を学んだ。
- Rohan studied writing at the private school of Chiyo KAN (who was the elder sister of Sekko SEKI, a calligrapher) located in Izumibashi-dori Street, Shitaya as well as the recitation of Chinese classics at Mr. Aida's school in Okachimachi.
- 比較的整備された美保飛行場を活かすべく、若干の機上練習機を投入し、航空術訓練に充当した。
- In order to make use of Miho Airport, which was relatively well maintained, several trainer airplanes were supplied for the aviation training.
- 記述内容は山岳地誌のみにとどまらず、当地の習俗にまで及び文化人類学的な側面も備えている。
- The contents were not just about the topography of the mountains but also they had an aspect of cultural anthropology with description of endemic folkways.
- 1910年には枢密顧問官に就任、また学校法人学習院院長や宮中顧問官などの要職を歴任する。
- In 1910, he assumed the post of privy councilor, and he also successively worked in different important posts such as the president of the incorporated educational institution Gakushuin School and the Imperial councilor.
- 1884年には大山捨松や津田梅子の招聘により華族女学校(後の学習院)英語教師として来日。
- In 1884, she was invited to Japan by Sutematsu OYAMA and Umeko TSUDA as an English teacher at Kazoku Jogakko (Peeresses' School, present Gakushuin School).
- 嘉永4年(1851年)に江戸で大砲の演習を行ったが、砲身が爆発して周囲から大笑いされた。
- He carried out a military exercise of cannon shooting in 1851, but the barrel of a cannon exploded and he was laughed at.
- 1910年に学習院時代からの友人武者小路実篤らと、文芸雑誌『白樺 (雑誌)』を創刊した。
- In 1910, he published the first issue of the literary magazine 'Shirakaba,' together with Saneatsu MUSHANOKOJI, his friend from Gakushuin.
- 検非違使の庁例は、使庁の流例ともいわれ、律令の刑法とはちがった性質の慣習法として通用した。
- The cho-rei (law enacted by the kebiishi) of kebiishi was considered the historical custom of the kebiishi agency, and was valid as a common law different in nature from the criminal law of ritsuryo.
- 1940年(昭和15年)、日華事変に出征、蒙疆方面で演習中、軍用機の不時着事故により戦死。
- In 1940 he went to the China Incident and died from an accident of his military plane's crash landing while in a military exercise in Menggu area.
- 学習院初等科入学に際し、おかっぱに伸ばしていた髪を無断で刈られ数日間ふさぎこんでしまった。
- When he had his bobbed hair trimmed without notice to enter Gakushuin Primary School, he was shocked so deeply that he fell into a melancholy mood for several days.
- 成人式や宮中の儀式の際には奈良時代の結髪の風習の名残で、前髪を上げて髻を作り櫛などをさす。
- At a coming of age ceremony or a ceremony at the Imperial Court, women pull their fringes up and form the motodori (hair tied up on the top of the head) with a comb in the motodori, a reminiscence of the custom during the Nara period in which people tied their hair.
- 生まれた子供の健やかな成長や立身出世を祈い家の間口や土間に埋納する習俗において用いられた。
- This pot was traditionally used by people to bury placenta in the ground near the entrance to the house or under the doma (dirt floor room within the house) to pray for their children's sound growth and social success.
- 中欧や北欧では、最も量の多い食事を昼に食べる習慣があると夕食は粥で軽く済ませることも多い。
- In the central and northern Europe, where there is a custom of eating the largest meal of the day at lunchtime, congee is often served as a light supper.
- またその起源は、霊の依代(よりしろ)という古来の習俗と仏教の卒塔婆が習合した物ともされる。
- The origin of ihai is said to have come from the syncretization of the folkways of yorishiro (an idea in which a divine spirit resides in an object) and the sotoba (a tall, tower-shaped wooden tablet set up behind a grave for the repose of the dead) in Buddhism.
- 変わった使用法として、静岡市周辺では削り粉とアオノリをおでんに振りかけて食べる習慣がある。
- Around Shizuoka City, there exists an odd use of kezuriko and dried green seaweed, that is, sprinkling them on 'oden' (a Japanese dish containing all kinds of ingredients cooked in a special broth of soy, sugar, sake and so on).
- 昔はこの日に門松やお雑煮を炊くための薪など、お正月に必要な木を山へ取りに行く習慣があった。
- In the past there was a custom of going to the mountains on this day to collect wood necessary for New Year including firewood to cook Ozoni (soup containing vegetables and rice cakes) and pine and bamboo for the Kadomatsu decorations.
- 手打ち蕎麦を製麺する専門的な技術を習得した者を蕎麦職人(そばしょくにん)と呼ぶことがある。
- Persons who have mastered professional skills to make soba by hand are sometimes referred to as soba chefs.
- その後、皇室財産の確立と華族保護につとめ、霞会館・学習院・日本鉄道会社の設立にも関与した。
- Then he devoted himself to reservation of Imperial family assets and protection of the new peerage, and also, he was involved in establishment of Kasumi-kaikan, Gakushuin school, and Nippon Railway.
- 大化以後及び律令制において官司に配属されて宮中で用いる物資の生産・技術伝習にあたった人々。
- Shinabe were people who were assigned to government offices to produce goods used in the Imperial Court and learn those techniques after the Taika Reforms and under the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 寛喜2年(1230年)頃には右衛門尉の官にあり、九条道家の近習として競馬等に活躍している。
- Around 1230, he was in the position of Uemon no jo (the third ranked official of the Right Division of Outer Palace Guards), and played an active role in activities such as horse racing as a kinju of Michiie KUJO.
- 同年8月に幕府が長崎海軍伝習所を開設し、佐賀藩から常民ら四十八名が第一期生として参加する。
- In August of the same year, the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) opened Nagasaki Kaigun Denshu-sho (Japanese Naval School in Edo) and 48 feudal retainers of the Saga clan including Tsunetami attended as members of the inaugural class.
- 蘭方医が蘭学者であることも多いが、オランダ流医学を習っただけの蘭方医は蘭学者に含まれない。
- Though a Ranpoi was often a Dutch scholar, a Ranpoi who studied only the medicine of Netherlands was not included in Dutch scholars.
- 江戸を含め日本各地で12月13日の煤払い(すすはらい)の後は「鯨汁」を食べる習慣が広まった。
- The habit of eating Kujira-jiru (whale or blubber soup) after the end-of-year house cleaning on December 13 spread to various parts of Japan, including Edo.
- 角隠しは江戸時代後期~明治初期にかけて広まった風習であり、その由来については様々な説がある。
- Tsunokakushi was a widespread custom from the late Edo period to the beginning of Meiji period, and there are various theories upon its origin.
- 女形では『菅原伝授手習鑑・寺子屋』の千代、『鏡山旧錦絵』のお初・岩藤、『伽羅先代萩』の八汐。
- As oyama, his important works are Chiyo in 'Sugawara denju tenarai kagami; terakoya' (Terakoya (temple elementary school during the Edo period) of Sugawara's secrets of calligraphy), Ohatsu in 'Kagamiyama kokyo no nishikie' (old brocade pictures of Mt. Kagami) and Yashio in 'Meiboku sendai hagi' (The trouble in the Date Clan).
- したがって有資格者がいない学校も相当数あったことから習字成績の学校差は歴然たるものであった。
- Therefore, qualified teachers were unavailable at a significant number of schools, and the calligraphic skills of students was markedly dependent on the school.
- 市内の一部の小学校などでは総合的な学習の時間の一環として、藍染め体験をさせる学校も存在する。
- There are some elementary schools in the city which offer opportunities to experience indigo dyeing and part of the overall educational curriculum.
- 次の1870年の朔旦冬至の際に明治政府は古い因習として、以後こうした儀式は行わない事とした。
- When the next Sakutan Toji arrived in 1870, the Meiji Government decided against organizing such a ceremony in the future, regarding it as an old convention.
- 民間で行われていた麦の収穫の際の麦餅作りの風習が宮中行事に取り入れられる形で広く用いられた。
- Sakubei gained popularity when the custom among the general public of making pounded wheat cakes during the wheat harvest was introduced to the Imperial Court.
- 日本が統治を行った台湾では、地元の海産物を使った刺身を食べる習慣が台湾人にも徐々に広まった。
- While Taiwan was under Japanese rule, the practice of eating sashimi made from local fish gradually spread throughout the population.
- 夏バテを防ぐためにウナギを食べる習慣は、日本では大変古く、万葉集にまでその痕跡をさかのぼる。
- The custom of eating eel in Japan in order to prevent exhaustion from summer heat is very old, and it can be traced back to Manyoshu.
- この事件で徳川軍の機密が筒抜けになったことから、軍制を武田軍を見習ったものに改革していった。
- Because military secrets of Tokugawa's forces leaked out completely, he changed his military system into the one he had learned from Takeda's forces.
- 官人が名簿を執って名を喚び、女王は称唯(イショウとよむのが慣習)して進み禄を受けて退出した。
- As a court official called each name of the princesses in accordance with a name list, the called princess would respond aloud and proceed to receive the Oroku gifts, with which they retired from the ceremony.
- 藩では御馬廻りを務め、慶応3年(1867年)6月14日に藩を出立して江戸で剣術を習っていた。
- After he left the Kuwana Domain where he had served as Oumamawari (horse guard) on July 15, 1867, he learned swordplay in Edo.
- また江戸時代にも文政年間頃から「両」のことを俗称として「圓」と呼ぶ習慣が一部にあったという。
- And from around the Bunsei era (1818 to 1830) in the Edo period, it is said some called 'yen' as 'ryo' habitually.
- 「黄檗花月流」「黄檗売茶流」「習軒流」「松風清社」「煎茶道学会」「風韵社流」など多数にのぼる。
- There are many of them such as 'Obaku Kagetsu-ryu School,' 'Obaku Baisa-ryu School,' 'Shuken-ryu School,' 'Shofuseisha,' 'Senchado Gakkai' and 'Fuinsha School.'
- 1930年(昭和5年)3月明治座の『菅原伝授手習鑑・車引』の梅王丸で、五代目市川染五郎を襲名。
- In March of 1930, he played the role Umeomaru in the Kurumabiki (Act III, first scene) scene of 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami' at the Meiji-za Theater under the name Somegoro ICHIKAWA V.
- 祇園東にはこのような行事があり、かつて温習会、練り物が催しされていたが現在は廃絶になっている。
- In Gion Higashi, the following events are held, while the Onshukai Dance Performance and parade float which used to be held are no longler held.
- 茶筅を茶碗の縁において持ち替えながら上下を繰り返すが、このとき軽く音を立てる習いになっている。
- It is a tradition to make small sounds when shifting the chasen from one hand to the other, putting it on the rim of the tea bowl, while moving it upward and downward repeatedly.
- 江戸時代では以下に該当する女性のみの習慣となり、元服の際にお歯黒とセットで行われたものである。
- From the Edo period on, hikimayu came to be limited to women who meet the conditions below, and was applied together with ohaguro at genpuku ceremonies.
- 音楽教習府には、太常寺太楽署所属の楽人で、坐部伎の楽人子弟、教坊の妓女、宮女の一部とが属した。
- In Onkaku kyoshu-fu, there were musicians who belonged to Taigakusho (music department) of Taijo-ji (a government office which was in charge of the rituals at the court), such as the disciples of zabugi (musicians accompanying the dance performed at the party held at the court), female dancers belonging to kyobo (training center for imperial dancers), and some of the court ladies.
- 最終的にフランス軍事顧問団による教育が行われることになり、1866年に伝習隊の編成が行われた。
- The bakufu rikugun was eventually educated by the French military advisory group, and in 1866, Denshutai was organized.
- 昭和20年に入ると、美保飛行場は実施部隊の駐留が相次ぎ、初歩練習・中間練習が困難となっていた。
- In 1945, the troops were successively stationed in Miho Airport, and it was getting difficult to have elementary and intermediate training.
- しかし、蓄妾は旧来の慣習であったため、建白はいつしか立ち消えとなって採用されることはなかった。
- However, as keeping concubines was a long-lasting practice, their petition was simply ignored and never adopted.
- この年、元明天皇に稗田阿礼の誦習する『帝紀』『旧辞』を筆録して歴史書を編纂するよう命じられる。
- In this year, he was ordered by Emperor Genmei to record 'Tei-ki (genealogy of the imperial family)' and 'Kyuji (mythical tradition)' recited by HIEDA no Are for compiling a history book.
- 浄瑠璃の三大傑作『菅原伝授手習鑑』『義経千本桜』『仮名手本忠臣蔵』の作者(共同)として名高い。
- He is well-known as the playwright (co-writer) of the three greatest joruri: 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami' (Sugawara's secrets of calligraphy), 'Yoshitsune Senbonzakura' (Yoshitsune and One Thousand Cherry Trees) and 'Kanadehon Chushingura' (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers).
- もっとも、日本では鯨皮から鯨油を絞った残りかすの「油かす (食品)」については食用の習慣がある。
- However, 'Aburakasu' (a food), which is the remains of whale skin after oil has been extracted from it, has been eaten customarily in Japan.
- これは寺子屋という一般庶民の教育機関が全国に設けられ、その教育の中心が手習いであったことによる。
- This is because educational institutions for common people called terakoya (temple schools) became established throughout the nation and writing characters was a central course of education there.
- 将軍や大使に節刀を授ける習わしは、遣唐使が廃止され、辺境の反乱が減少した平安時代末期には廃れた。
- The custom which the emperor granted Setto to Shogun or an envoy became obsolete at the end of the Heian Period when Kentoushi (a Japanese mission to Tang Dynasty China) was abolished and rebellion in remote regions was reduced.
- また、馬庭念流では木刀での形稽古に習熟した後、袋竹刀と独特の防具を用いた稽古を現代も行っている。
- Moreover, the Maniwanen-ryu school even now gives training with fukuro shinai used together with a unique form of protective tool, to pupils who have already mastered the kata (form) training using a wooden sword.
- また、米農家が収穫を感謝するため、甘酒を造ったり、祭りに甘酒を供える風習が残っている土地もある。
- In some regions, rice farmers still preserve the old custom of making amazake and placing it on an alter during festivals as an offering of thanks for a good harvest.
- 喪主を務めない故人の実子は米か麦を1俵丸ごと差し出し、更に酒1樽を付ける慣習が広く行われていた。
- There was a popular custom in which the children of the deceased who did not take the responsibility of chief mourner, were obliged to offer a barrel of rice wine in addition to a bag of rice or wheat.
- しかし牛肉を食べる習慣は、「薬食い」と言われて江戸時代からあったものの、主に明治維新以来である。
- Beef was eaten even during the Edo period, when the practice was called 'eating as a drug,' but it was mostly after the Meiji Restoration that eating beef became popular.
- シンガポールやマレーシアの華人は、旧正月の、特に7日に「魚生」(ユーサーン)を食べる習慣がある。
- Chinese people in Singapore and Malaysia have the custom of eating raw fish (yu sang) during Chinese New Year, particularly on the seventh day.
- 『与謝野晶子 女性の自由を歌った情熱の歌人』(学習まんが人物館/小学館)入江春行、あべさより 著
- 'Akiko Yosano: A poet of passion for the freedom of women' (Gakushu Manga Jinbutsukan/Shogakukan) by Haruyuki IRIE, Sayori ABE
- 浮舟はこの幻を匂宮と勘違いしたが、実際は後に横川の僧都に祓われる法師の悪霊であった(「手習」)。
- Ukifune misunderstood this phantom as Nioumiya, but actually it was the evil spirit of a monk which was later exorcized by Yokawa no sozu ('Tenarai').
- 沢口一之の『古今算法記』(1670年、寛文10年)は天元術の学習がほぼ完了したことを示している。
- Sawaguchi's 'Kokin sanpoki' (Calculation Methods in Ancient and Modern Times, completed in 1670) reveals a near-perfect understanding of the method of Tengen jutsu.
- 当時、中国本土同様に台湾でもアヘンの吸引が庶民の間で常習となっており大きな社会問題となっていた。
- In those days, it was a big social problem that smoking opium was a popular habit among people in Taiwan, which was also a common issue in mainland China.
- また、学習院で学んだ華族の子弟の進路として、日本を支える外交官や陸海軍人になることを考えていた。
- He considered that the young people from the peerage family should be diplomats or enter the navy after their graduation.
- 藤原氏の氏神である春日大社は、神仏習合の進展により、氏寺である興福寺と一体のものとなっていった。
- Kasuga Taisha Shrine, the private deity of the Fujiwara clan was united with Kofuku-ji Temple, which is an uji-dera temple (temple built for praying for the clan's glory) of the Fujiwara clan, due to the development of syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism.
- プロレスラーの場合はプロレス団体の道場において、当番の若手レスラーや練習生が作るのが一般的である。
- In the case of professional wrestlers, the chankonabe is usually cooked by duty young wrestlers or trainees in their professional wrestling group's dojo (training hall).
- 太平記、北野天神縁起絵巻などに取材しており、後世の歌舞伎、菅原伝授手習鑑にも影響を与えたとされる。
- This story introduced elements from Taiheiki (a collection of war stories in the old days in Japan), Kitano-tenjin-engi-emaki (a series of picture books of stories about Michizane SUGAWARA and Kitano-tenjin shrine), etc., and it is said that Raiden also influenced a kabuki work, Sugawa-denju-tenarai-kagami created in the later days.
- 安藤家では初代安藤重信が江戸幕府2代将軍徳川秀忠の老中として近侍した折から織部流を習いとしていた。
- In the Ando family, Oribe-ryu school had been practiced since the time of Shigenobu ANDO, the first head of the family, when he served as roju (member of shogun's council of elders) for Hidetada TOKUGAWA, the second Shogun of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 雛のつるし飾り(ひなのつるしかざり)とは、江戸時代から伝わる伊豆稲取地方の風習、吊るし飾りのこと。
- Hina no Tsurushikazari is a custom of hanging decorations in the Izuinatori area going back to the Edo period.
- 歌垣(うたがき)とは、特定の日時に若い男女が集まり、相互に求愛の歌謡を掛け合う呪的信仰に立つ習俗。
- 'Utagaki' is a kind of folkway based on a magical belief, where young men and women gather on a specific time and date to exchange courtship songs and ballads.
- - 糞塚とはタヌキなどの動物がマーキングや習性として決まった場所に糞をしたために山状になった場所。
- - The funzuka is a pile of feces of animals such as Japanese raccoons, being made because these animals have a habit of defecating at the same place to mark their territories.
- 関西地方には、半夏にタコを食べる習慣があるが、これはタウリンを補給して夏バテを防ぐためといわれる。
- In the Kansai region, there is a custom of eating an octopus on hange (45 days into geango, a 90 days summer seclusion), but it is said that this is to supplement taurine and to prevent summer heat fatigue.
- 彼は老人に琴を教わり、帝の妹である華陽公主が「しやう山」で琴を演奏するので、それを習えと言われた。
- He learned from the old man how to play the koto and was told that, as the younger sister of the emperor, Princess Kayoplays the koto at 'Mt. Sho' and he should learn from her.
- 『源氏物語古系図』『無名草子』『河海抄』などでは「手習の君(てならいのきみ)」とも注釈されている。
- She was called 'Tenarai no kimi' in 'Genji monogatari kokeizu' (old genealogies on the Tale of Genji), 'Mumyo Zoshi' (Story Without a Name) and 'Kakai-sho' Commentary.
- 聖武天皇神亀元年(724年)には、坂東9カ国の軍三万が騎射の教習と軍陣の訓練を受けるようになった。
- In 724 in the period of Emperor Shomu, 30,000 soldiers of the military located in nine countries of Bando (old Kanto region) started to take lessons in Kisha (to shoot an arrow with riding a horse) and received training in gunjin (battle array).
- 倉石大尉は目の前の道が二手に分かれる場所で神成大尉、今泉見習士官、中野中尉、鈴木少尉らと合流した。
- Captain Kuraishi joined Captain Kannari, Officers Designate Imaizumi, Lieutenant Nakano and Junior Lieutenant Suzuki where the road ahead split in two.
- しかし在国はせず、鎌倉に在住して有力な御家人、または近習番役などにも任じられて幕政で重きを成した。
- However, he didn't stay in the province, but resided in Kamakura, and was appointed to a dominant gokenin (an immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) or the post of kinjuban (an attendant to Shogun) and became a leading figure in the shogunate government.
- (※当時の慣習として女性の諱日本の諱は記載されないので、記録は「河越重頼の娘」「義経の室」である)
- (*According to the custom at that time, a woman's imina (personal name) was not stated in Japan, therefore, in the documents, her name was recorded as 'Shigeyori KAWAGOE's daughter,' or 'Yoshitsune's wife').
- :サン・シール陸軍士官学校に留学した久松定謨の補導役としてフランスへ渡り、騎兵戦術の習得に努める。
- He traveled to France as an assistant for Sadakoto HISAMATSU who studied at École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr and tried to master cavarly tactics.
- 中世から近世初期にかけて押買・押売は、質取行為と並んで市場における悪習として取締りの対象とされた。
- From the middle ages to the beginning of the modern era, oshigai and oshiuri along with pawn taking, were regulated as unacceptable customs in markets.
- また、出産にまつわる宮中行事として盤双六を行う(単にさいころを振るのみの場合もあった)慣習があった。
- Also, as a court function regarding childbirth, there was a custom of playing the board Sugoroku (or, just rolling dices).
- 同年(大正元年)9月13日、東京・青山の陸軍演習(現在の神宮外苑)に於いて大喪の礼が執り行なわれた。
- On September 13 in the same year, the Rites of an Imperial Funeral were held at Rikugun (the Army) Enshu in Aoyama, Tokyo (current Jingu Gaien (the Outer Gardens of the Meiji Shrine)).
- しかしこの外遊の結果、学習院大学の単位が不足し進級できず、長年の学友たちと学年が異なることとなった。
- However, the above-mentioned official travel resulted in the shortage of credits enough to advance to a higher degree in Gakushuin University, which meant that he would be one year behind with his long-time schoolmates.
- 以後は竹原家が継承し、熊本藩藩校時習館では二条流和歌や礼法とともに武田流の流鏑馬が必修科目とされた。
- After that, the Takehara family inherited it and at Jishukan, a domain school of the Kumamoto Domain, Yabusame of Takeda-ryu became a compulsory subject along with Nijyo style waka (Japanese traditional poems) and manners.
- しかし、道教や仏教伝来から密教を含め長く経った為、神仏習合や渡来の習俗の影響を受けているものもある。
- However, since a long time has passed after the introduction of Taoism, Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism, some matsuri are influenced by the syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism and imported folkways.
- 古代日本の常陸筑波山などおいて、歌垣の風習が存在したことが『万葉集』などによりうかがうことができる。
- In ancient times, there existed a custom of utagaki in the Mt. Tsukuba area in Hitachi Province and other places in Japan, as is learned from the 'Manyoshu' (the 'Anthology of Ten Thousand Leaves')
- 家風(かふう)は、個々の特定の家において世代を越えて踏襲される固有の慣習・流儀などの行動様式である。
- Kafu (family tradition) is a style of behavior, including custom and procedure, which has been specifically inherited down the generations within certain individual families.
- 1997年までは滋賀県東近江市(当時は八日市市)にある京セラ八日市総合グラウンドを練習場としていた。
- Until 1997, the club had been using Kyocera Yokaichi general playground located in Higashiomi City (at that time, Yokaichi City), Shiga Prefecture as a training ground.
- 父の稙盛は足利義輝の近習であったが、永禄8年(1565年)5月19日の永禄の変で義輝と共に討死した。
- On June 27, 1565, his father Tanekiyo died in the Eiroku Battle with the lord Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA as Yoshiteru's attendant.
- 伝習諸取締に永井尚志が任命され、伝習生から総督(学生監督)に矢田堀鴻、永持亨次郎、勝海舟が選ばれた。
- Naoyuki NAGAI was appointed to the supervisor for students, and among the students, Ko YATABORI, Kojiro NAGAMOCHI, Kaishu KATSU were selected as governors (supervisors for students).
- それによれば、追広弐の高田首石成は、中市において、三つの武器に習熟したことを褒められ物を与えられた。
- According to the article, at Ichinaka (considered to have indicated to the middle of the downtown), Tsuikoni TAKATA no Obito Iwanari was praised for perfecting himself in three weapons and given a prize.
- また、菱湖の門弟の巻菱潭が習字教科書の執筆者になるなど、菱湖流は主に教育面と実用面でその後も貢献する。
- In addition, the Ryoko style was utilized usefully later as well mostly in the practical field as well as the educational field: For example, Ryotan MAKI, a follower of Ryoko, became an author of textbooks for calligraphy.
- ところが、上記の講習会に参加した者たちの多くが魅せられたのは親太鼓の派手なバチ(撥)さばきにであった。
- However, it was the showy drumstick-work of oyadaiko that fascinated many young people who participated in the training session above.
- 11月に卯の日が3回あれば、中の卯の日に行われるものとされたが、後世には下の卯の日に行う習いとなった。
- If there were three U no hi in November, the second one used to be chosen, however, in after ages the last U no hi in November was chosen.
- 京都においては、女の子が早くお嫁に行けるようにと、男の子よりも早い時期にお宮参りを済ませる風習がある。
- In Kyoto, there is a custom for a baby-girl to go to a shrine earlier than a baby-boy, wishing that a baby-girl would marry early.
- 19世紀初頭9代了々斎が茶入飾・茶碗飾・茶杓飾・花所望・炭所望の5つを加えて習事十三箇条と称していた。
- In the early 19th century, Ryoryo-sai, the 9th generation of the Omotesenke, added chaire kazari, chawan kazari, chashaku kazari, hanashomo and sumishomo to the traditional konarai and called it the Thirteen Naraigoto.
- また、天文学的な冬至とは別に、慣習的に「一年中で一番昼が短く夜が長い日」のことを冬至と呼ぶことがある。
- Apart from the astronomical Toji, however, 'the day with the shortest daytime and longest nighttime' is also called Toji sometimes by tradition.
- 一方で必ずしも練習用、初心者用に限ったものではなく、「巻藁射礼」等、作法に乗っ取った礼法、演武もある。
- On the other hand, makiwara are not only used for practice or for beginners, but require some archery techniques based on manners and enbu (military exercises), including makiwara-jarei (a way of ceremonial shooting to aim at a straw target).
- そのために『至花道』などで理論化された「二曲三体」の習道を行うよう、過去の著作を引用しつつ説いている。
- So, it says at the first part of the book that 'Nikyoku Santai (Two performances; songs and dance, and three roles; senior men, women, and warriors) should be practiced, using the quotation from the books in the past.
- 彼は日本の道徳理念・慣習について問われ、逡巡した後その源は武士道だと行き着き、これを解説、説明する書。
- He was asked about Japanese moral doctrine and customs, hesitantly thinking about such things and concluding that they were based on Bushido, so he commented and explained them in the book.
- 「禁秘抄」は朝廷における儀式作法の根源・由来・を究め古来よりの慣習を後の世代に残さんとしたものである。
- Kinpisho was an in-depth study of the root and origin of manners and etiquette of ceremonies performed at the Imperial Court, with an intent to pass the ancient customs down to succeeding generations.
- また熊野は深山も多く山岳信仰が発達し、前述の仏教浄土も結びついた神仏習合・熊野権現の修験道道場となる。
- Besides, being abundant in deep mountains, Kumano, in which a mountain religion has been developed, has been a dojo of Shugendo (Japanese ascetic and shamanistic practice in mountainous sites) of Kumano Gongen Deity, which is a syncretized religion of Shinto with Buddhism (in this case, above-mentioned Pure Land Buddhism).
- 翌年にシャノワーヌ大尉以下が着任し、はじめは横浜の太田陣屋で、数ヵ月後に江戸へ移って伝習が開始された。
- In the following year, officers including senior lieutenant Chanoine arrived, and firstly, the training commenced in Ota jinya (regional government office) in Yokohama City, and several months later, they transferred to Edo.
- 海軍伝習に訪れたオランダ海軍の教師団のうちの海兵隊員らから、歩兵戦闘や隊員の指導を受けたこともあった。
- They had received trainings including the training on the battle of foot soldiers from the marines among the Dutch army's instructors who visited for navy training.
- 学習院大学年代測定室の放射性炭素年代測定によれば、大宰府遺跡の竹内焼土層は1600年ほど前の物である。
- According to measurements of radioactive carbon dating performed by Gakushuin University dating laboratory, soil layers of Takeuchi on Dazai-fu remains which includes burnt down soils are about 1600 years old.
- 森鴎外が書き残した書『大塩平八郎』によれば、当時与力見習であった内山は大塩に憎まれていたとされている。
- According to the book 'Heihachiro OSHIO' written by Ogai MORI, Uchiyama who was a trainee of yoriki at that time was hated by Oshio.
- 特に蹴鞠には長じていたようで幼時より飛鳥井雅綱を師範とし伝授を受けており、息子の義統にも習わせている。
- He seemed to be very good at kemari especially as he had been taught by his grand master, Masatsuna ASUKAI since his childhood as well as making his son Yoshimune take lessons in it.
- 紅葉山火番を経て評定所儒者となりオランダ語の習得に努め、弟子には『解体新書』で知られる前野良沢がいる。
- He passed through the Hiban of Momiji-yama Mountain, became a Hyojosho (conference chamber) Confucian, studied Dutch hard, and among his apprentices was Ryotaku MAENO, who was known by 'Kaitai Shinsho' (the historic Japanese translation of a Dutch anatomical text).
- 『下学集』(文安元年(1444年)成立)の序文に、『童子教』とともに童蒙学習書の筆頭に挙げられている。
- In the preface of 'Kagakushu' (compiled in 1444), it was listed, along with 'Dojikyo,' as one of the top textbooks for children's education.
- 後世『菅原伝授手習鑑』『仮名手本忠臣蔵』と共に義太夫狂言の三大名作のうちの二作目と評されるようになった。
- Along with 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami' (Sugawara's secrets of calligraphy) and 'Kanadehon Chushingura' (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers), which were created subsequently, Yoshitsune Senbonzakura came to be referred to as one of the three greatest works of Gidayu Kyogen (Kabuki adaptations of puppet plays).
- また、ここからさらに転じて、追善会などの際に、追悼にふさわしい曲の終曲部分をつけくわえる慣習も生まれた。
- Having changed further from it, there sprang up a custom to add the last part of a suitable number for mourning at a memorial concert and so on.
- その結果、海鶴の門下である鈴木翠軒が国定の習字教科書の執筆をするに至り、この基準は確固たるものとなった。
- As a result, Suiken SUZUKI, a disciple of Kaikaku, became an author of national school textbooks for calligraphy, making the standards even more solid.
- 安土桃山時代ともなると遊女などから結髪の慣習が復活し、高位の女性や神社の巫女を除いて垂髪は廃れてしまう。
- In the Azuchi-Momoyama period, the custom of tying hair was revived among yujo (courtesan), and accordingly, suihatsu (long flowing hair) became obsolete except among high-ranking females or shrine maidens at shrines.
- 杜氏になるには、飯焚(かしき / ままたき / めしたき)から始め、全工程に習熟するまで数十年を要した。
- When a person wanted to become a toji, he had to start his career from a position called kashiki (also called mamataki or meshitaki), which literally means a servant who cooks rice, and it took a few decades for him to learn all steps of brewing.
- ただし今日では新茶を茶壺に蓄えること自体が廃れた習慣であり、逆に口切のために茶壺に入れた茶が用意される。
- Today, however, putting the first tea in chatsubo is not a common practice anymore; rather, a chatsubo containing tea is specially prepared for the purpose of kuchikiri.
- 以降、京都から断片的に流入した武官故実と関東在来の武士の慣習が合わさって、武家故実が体系化されていった。
- Subsequently, bukankojitsu introduced from Kyoto in piecemeal fashion and the traditional customs of warriors in the Kanto region were blended and systemized to create buke-kojitsu (military practices.)
- 乞巧奠(きっこうてん)の慣習と織女祭に因み、日本ゆかた連合会により7月7日がゆかたの日と制定されている。
- Nippon Yukata Rengokai (literally, the Joint Association of the Japanese Yukata Industry) instituted the day of yukata on July 7 after the custom of the Tanabata Star Festival (the festival of weavers) and Shokujo-sai (the festival for female weavers).
- 無脊椎動物の中で最も高い知能を持っていて、色を見分け、形を認識する事や、問題を学習し解決する事ができる。
- It has the highest intelligence of any invertebrate and can distinguish colors, recognize shapes, as well as learn and solve problems.
- 江戸幕府が全国支配を確立して、幕府による法の支配が確立されるまでこうした慣習は存在していたとされている。
- It was recognized that these customs had existed until the Edo bakufu established the system and law to rule the whole Japan.
- 明治30年9月には予備役見習士官終末試験委員を経験し、同10月25日大村の歩兵第46連隊附を命ぜられる。
- In September 1897, he had experience of serving as member of the final examination committee for probationary reservist; and on October 25 of the same year, he was transferred to the 46th Infantry Regiment of Omura (in Nagasaki Prefecture).
- 書の達人として知られていた幕臣戸川安清は70歳を過ぎた老人ながら、推されて家茂の習字の先生を務めていた。
- Yasukiyo TOGAWA, a shogunal retainer and known master of calligraphy, was an old man over seventy years old but served Iemochi as a recommended teacher of calligraphy.
- なお、以上とは別に、興福寺や春日大社の領内で他者による侵奪や年貢の未進・横領が発生した際の慣習もあった。
- Incidentally, Kofuku-ji Temple and Kasuga-taisha Shrine had another custom, which was implemented when their manor was disseized by others, or their 'nengu' (land tax) was unpaid or embezzled.
- 後方基地として遊休化していた河辺飛行場に目をつけた海軍は、ここに中練教程練習航空隊を設置することにした。
- The Imperial Navy had its eye on the Kawabe Airport which had been designated as a rear base and had not been used, decided to station a mid-level training air unit there.
- この風習ができた理由として、そもそも歌舞伎興行で最初の数日は実際には公開尾舞台稽古だったことがあげられる。
- The reason of this custom is that practically the first few days were for open rehearsals in the kabuki performances.
- また1922年(大正11年)以前は、帝国大学に欠員があれば学習院高等科を卒業した生徒は無試験で入学できた。
- Furthermore, in 1911 or before, a student who graduated Gakushuin High School could enter any Imperial University without examination, if there was a vacancy available in the university.
- 8代細川重賢は、藩校時習館の創設や殖産興業など宝暦の改革と呼ばれる藩政改革を行い「肥後の鳳凰」と称された。
- The eighth family head, Shigekata HOSOKAWA carried out the reformation of domain duties called the Horeki Reform, which included the foundation of han school Jishukan and the encouragement of new industries, and he was called 'a phoenix of Higo.'
- 現在、太夫は花扇太夫、司太夫、如月太夫と、もう一人振袖太夫(太夫の見習い、振袖の着物・打掛を着る)がいる。
- The active tayu today are Hanaogi tayu, Tsukasa tayu, Kisaragi dayu, and the furisode dayu (apprentice tayu wearing a kimono with long, trailing sleeves and a long overgarment).
- 小習(こならい)・習事(ならいごと)とは茶道の修道課程のひとつで、道具や状況に応じた手続きをまとめたもの。
- Konarai, or naraigoto, is a learning course of tea ceremony, which putting together the procedure of the use of each utensil and the procedures appropriate for the situations.
- 現代日本では卵を生食できる食品として認知されているが、日本以外のほとんどの国では卵を生食する食習慣は無い。
- Although an egg is recognized as food that can be eaten fresh in modern Japan, there is no such custom of eating a raw egg in almost all countries other than Japan.
- 年少芸妓とはまだ芸妓としては一人前でない若い芸妓、または芸妓見習いとして花街のお座敷に出ている少女を指す。
- Nensho geigi refers to a young geigi (a woman who gives fun with a song, dance or music instrument at a feast; geisha) who is not yet a full-fledged, or a girl who appears in ozashiki (banquets in which guests are attended by geisha) in hanamachi (geisha districts) as a geigi apprentice.
- 奈良時代には、中国文化の影響が料理や食習慣にも現れ、節供の行事の移入につれて晴れの日の料理が盛んになった。
- In the Nara period, influences of Chinese culture appeared even in dishes and eating habits, and corresponding to the introduction of seasonal festivals, dishes for celebrations became served widely.
- 入門したあと、前座名(名前)を師匠から貰い、前座登録をして、前座として楽屋入りするまでは「見習い」と呼ぶ。
- After initiation, they receive a zenza name, register as a zenza, and are called 'minarai' until they enter backstage as a zenza.
- 元は慣習的な単位であったが、清代に外国との貿易のために各国と単位についての協定を結び、公式の単位となった。
- It was originally a conventional unit, but it became the official one in the era of Qing when the Qing dynasty concluded the treaty on units with foreign countries for the purpose of foreign trade.
- 1902年11月から殉死した乃木希典大将の後任として学校法人学習院院長に就任し、1917年8月まで務める。
- In November, 1902 he assumed office as Principal of The Gakushuin School Corporation, an incorporated educational institution, in succession to Army General Maresuke NOGI who had followed his master to the grave, and being in service until August, 1917.
- 数日後、太子は近習の者を召して、「あの人は普通の者ではない。真人にちがいない」と語り、使者に見に行かせた。
- A few days later, Shotoku Taishi told his attendant 'The man was not an ordinary person. He must be a Shinjin (immortal)' and sent a servant to see the grave.
- 14世淵黙(広計)は福岡藩に伝わっていた織部流を習い、自家の茶法としたため、古田家に伝えられることになった。
- The fourteenth Enari (Hiroe) learned the Oribe style of tea ceremony that had been passed on to the Fukuoka clan, and adopted it as his own style of tea ceremony, so it was passed on to the Furuta household.
- 開戦時での兵力や兵站は旧幕府軍が圧倒的に優勢であったが、小銃での戦闘に習熟した新政府軍に対応できず大敗した。
- At the beginning of the war, the former Shogunate forces were far superior in military strength and logistics, but later were severely defeated by the new government's forces accustomed to battle with rifles.
- 元寇の勝利によって民族的自覚が強まり、日本は神国であるという「神国思想」が発生し、神本仏従の習合思想が成立。
- After Japan's successful repulsion of the Mongol invasions, racial awareness strengthened among the Japanese, giving rise to the 'Shinkoku shiso,' the belief that Japan was a divine country, as well as the syncretic theory that Japan's kami (gods) were manifestations of Buddhas and bodhisattvas.
- 相撲人は本来、近衛府・兵衛府の官人及び白生(見習い)が中心で諸国から貢進された相撲人がこれを補う形であった。
- Sumo wrestlers were originally apprenticed as imperial and military guards and, the majority of them were sumo wrestlers contributed by the various provinces on this basis.
- 成り木責め(なりきぜめ)とは、カキノキ、クリ、ウメなど果樹(成り木)について行なわれる豊作祈願の習俗である。
- Nariki-zeme (nariki, which is written as 成り木, means fruit bearing trees, and 責め, which in this case is pronounced 'zeme,' is a noun form of 責める [semeru] which in this context means to press a tree for fruition) is a folk rite praying for a good harvest, conducted on such fruit trees as persimmon, chestnut and ume.
- 四方拝という天皇の元旦の儀式が始まりで、それが庶民の間に現在の形で広まり、初日の出を拝むという習慣になった。
- It originated from shihohai (Prayer to the Four Quarters, Japanese imperial New Year's ceremony), spread across ordinary people as a present form and came to be the custom where people pray to hatsu hinode.
- だが、生理中の女性を穢れたものとして忌み嫌う風習があったことから、あまりおおっぴらに語られることがなかった。
- But, people have not openly talked about this because of their custom to hold menstruants in detestation as a disgrace.
- 角界にはまだかろうじて、関取が自分の名前の入った浴衣生地を贔屓筋や他の相撲部屋に贈るという風習が残っている。
- In the world of sumo (Japanese-style wrestling), there remain by a narrow margin such customs as ranking wrestlers present specially ordered cloth for yukata, imprinted with their names, to their patrons and other sumo stables.
- これらは他言語話者が日本語を効率よく学習、表記するために版本において特に詳細であり、規範性が強いものである。
- Printed books of Japanese letters version of Jesuit Mission Press especially gave detailed descriptions and were very canonical so as for speakers of other languages to learn and write Japanese language more efficiently.
- 今日でも地方においては正月や田植、新築祝い、大師講などの際に小豆粥や小豆雑煮で祝う風習のある地方が存在する。
- There are some regions in Japan today where people celebrate such occasions with azuki-gayu or azuki-zoni (soup containing rice cakes, azuki beans, vegetables and other ingredients) as the New Year, rice planting, shinchiku-iwai (a gathering to celebrate the completion of a new house) and Daishiko (a festive folk event often related to the great Buddhism teachers such as Kobo Daishi (a posthumous title of the priest Kukai)).
- これはかつてイギリスの中流以上の家庭で、日曜日に大きなローストビーフの塊を焼くという習慣があったためである。
- This came from a middle-class and above tradition in British households where people roasted a large piece of beef on Sundays.
- 仮名序で安積山の歌と並んで「手習ふ人のはじめにもしける」と言われたように、古来書道の初学としても用いられた。
- As the kanajo says of this poem, alongside the poem of Mt. Asaka, 'people who practice writing with a brush will start from this,' it was a poem traditionally used by those starting the study of calligraphy.
- 近年、福岡県糸島半島の新町遺跡で大陸墓制である支石墓から発見された人骨は縄文的習俗である抜歯が施されていた。
- Recently a human bone was excavated from shisekibo (a dolmen), which is a continental burial system, in Shinmachi site in Itoshima Peninsula, Fukuoka Prefecture, and tooth extraction had been performed to the human bone, that was the manner and custom of Jomon.
- 中華人民共和国では文化大革命によって道教は壊滅的な打撃を受けたが、民衆の間では未だにその慣習が息づいている。
- Although Taoism was seriously degraded during China's Cultural Revolution, its traditions are still alive among the general public.
- 「巧みに政治を行い、巧みに人心を治めるのは、実学を持ち、広く世の中のことに習熟している人ができるのである。」
- Only someone who has practical learning and is widely familiarized with the world can handle the affairs of state and govern the public with a clever mind.'
- 伝の墓に参ると三味線が上達するという評判があり、三味線を習う者の墓参が伝逝去後の現在もかなりあるといわれる。
- Her grave has a reputation that if someone pays a visit, his or her skill of shamisen (a three-stringed Japanese banjo) will be improved, and accordingly, a considerable number of people who are learning shamisen visit her grave even today, after a certain period of time since the death of Den (Oden).
- 飼育の伝習も同時に行われ、小金牧(千葉県松戸市)で大切に飼育される予定だったが、戊辰戦争で散り散りになった。
- Although training for taking care of the horses was also done at the same time, with plans to raise them carefully in Koganemaki (Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture), the horses became scattered during the Boshin War.
- 余った左右の紐端は脇辺りにおさめ、慶事の際は下から上へ、忌事の際は上から下へ差し込んでおくのが習わしとされる。
- The unused portions of both ends of the string are hemmed in around the sides, and according to custom, on auspicious events they are inserted from the bottom upward; on occasions of mourning they are inserted from the top downward.
- 2004年(平成16年)の文化財保護法改正により、従来の風俗慣習、民俗芸能のほか、新たに民俗技術が加えられた。
- With the revision of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties in 2004, folk techniques were included, in addition to existing manners and customs and folk performing arts.
- 熊本以外の藩でも18世紀末頃から熊本藩を見習って、明律を範とした司法改革を行う藩が次々と登場するようになった。
- Outside Kumamoto, many domains followed the Kumamoto Domain and began carrying out judicial reforms modeled after the Ming code since the end of the eighteenth century.
- その演者の得意な演目に際し、期待をこめて掛ける事が多い(『菅原伝授手習鑑・寺子屋』の「いろは送り」の前など)。
- At the performances in which the performers are good at, the audience does kakegoe with expectation; for example, at the opening of the song 'Iroha-okuri' of the scene 'Terakoya' of 'Sugawara-denju Tenarai-Kagami.'
- 兄弟継承の古い慣習に対抗するために不改常典が持ち出されたと考えると、聖武天皇の詔も元明天皇の詔も理解しやすい。
- The edict of Emperor Shomu as well as that of Empress Genmei can be easily understood, if you suppose that Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten was brought forward in order to cope with the old practice of the brother to brother succession.
- 現在では「お月見くださ~い」、「お月見泥棒でーす」などと声をかけて、各家を回りお菓子をもらう風習が残っている。
- Today, there is still a custom that children visit each home shouting 'Give me a moon viewing' or 'We are moon viewing thieves' and receive some sweets.
- 推古天皇10年(602年)に百済から学僧・観勒が暦本などを携えて来日し、帰化人系の子弟らにこれらを学習させた。
- In 602, Kanroku, a scholar monk, came to Japan from Baekje with calendar books and had the naturalized citizens' descendants study those books.
- 世話を焼く妹尼たちの前ではかたくなに心を閉ざし、身の上も語らず、物思いに沈んでは手習にしたためて日を過ごした。
- In the presence of imotoama and others who attended her, she stubbornly shut her mind, told nothing about her conditions and spent the day doing Tenarai (writing practice) in a pensive mood.
- また、奈良時代から具注暦の余白部分に日記を書く習慣が生まれたが、書ききれなかった部分を紙背に追記して記述した。
- In addition, writing a diary on the blank space of guchureki (annotated calendar) had been practiced since the Nara period and when more space was needed, extra lines were added on the back side of the calendar.
- 隼人司は、朝貢・移住する隼人の管理や彼らへの歌舞の教習、または隼人の竹笠といった竹製品製作などをつかさどった。
- Hayatoshi governed management of Hayato (an ancient tribe in Kyushu) who brought tributes and was immigrated, instruction of utamai (a performance of singing and dancing) to them, or manufacturing of bamboo products such as Hayato's bamboo hats.
- 1月27日の夜、倉石大尉らの一隊では今泉三太郎見習士官が下士1名を伴い周りが制止するのも聞かず川に飛び込んだ。
- At night on January 27, in the group of Captain Kuraishi, Officer Designate Santaro IMAIZUMI jumped into a river along with a noncommissioned officer, though the others had tried to stop them.
- 仁孝天皇の信任が厚く、天皇より学問所(後の学習院大学)設置の意向を受けると、武家伝奏として江戸幕府と交渉した。
- He was deeply relied on by Emperor Ninko, and negotiated with Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as buke tenso (liaison officers between the imperial court and the military government) after he was shown a plan to found gakumonjo (later Gakushuin University) by the Emperor.
- 一、信長の生涯の内、勝利を失ったのは先年三方ヶ原の戦いへ援軍を使わした時で、勝ち負けの習いはあるのは仕方ない。
- 14. During Nobunaga's life, the time when I lost a battle was when I sent the reinforcements for the Battle of Mikatagahara last year, and it is ordinary that someone wins and someone loses.
- 元は武士団の統制などを目的として武士の間で成立した慣習法として成立、公家法・本所法に対するものとして発展した。
- Originally, the bukeho was administered by samurai themselves in order to discipline samurai groups, which then developed as a set of codes that function separately from the kugeho (laws issued by the imperial court) and the honjoho (laws issued by proprietors or guarantors of manor).
- 福岡はこの条文を「従来の鎖国的陋習を打破して広く世界の長を採り之を集めて大成するの趣旨である」と回顧している。
- Fukuoka looked back this provision as 'the aim is to break down evil customs from the past like national isolation and to take and accomplish advantages from the world.'
- 元々朝廷が伊勢神宮、石清水八幡宮、賀茂神社の三社に奉幣し、これが庶民にも三社詣でる風習として広まった、という説。
- One theory says that originally the Chotei (Imperial Court) conducted hohei (offering a wand with hemp and paper streamers to a Shinto god) at the three shrines, namely Ise Jingu Shrine, Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine, and Kamo-jinja Shrine, which has spread to the general public as a custom to visit three shrines.
- そして長三洲の門弟の日高梅溪が国定習字教科書の執筆者となったことから、この時代の教科書の書風は顔法になっている。
- Because Baikei HIDAKA, a follower of Sanshu CHO, became an author of calligraphic school textbooks compiled by the state, the Yan style was used for textbooks in this period.
- 戦国の習いとはいえ、武家社会の興亡の激しさと無情を感じたのか長行は、自分の子供たちに武家の世界から足を洗わせた。
- Nagamichi, who might have felt the severity and heartlessness of the ups and downs of the society of samurai families (although that was the way of Sengoku), ordered his children to leave the world of samurai families.
- したがって、中世の武家法の基礎となった慣習法も、純粋な固有法ではなく、律令法を媒介として成長した固有法であった。
- Thus, the common law which became the basis of medieval samurai law was not a genuine inherent law, but an inherent law which developed from ritsuryo law.
- 長崎県産の素麺の市場価格が三輪と比較してずっと安価であったため、三輪素麺の安定供給のために常習的に使用していた。
- As the market price of somen produced in Nagasaki Prefecture was much cheaper than Miwa Somen, the somen produced in Nagasaki was habitually used as the stable supply of Miwa Somen.
- ただし、悪性腫瘍や糖尿病等の生活習慣病の予防効果があると謳われている点はまったく医学的な裏付けはなされていない。
- With respect to the claim that anthocyan is effective in preventing a malignant tumor and life-style related diseases such as diabetes, however, it has yet to be medically proven.
- 幕末、海軍伝習所で教えた外国人教官の追憶によると、日本人は代数の理解は早かったが、幾何は中々進まなかったという。
- According to the memoir of a western teacher who taught at Kaigun Denshu-sho (the Naval School in Edo) at the end of the Edo period, Japanese people were strong in algebra, but they were slow to understand geometry.
- 慣習法では地元領主あるいは住民の所有物もしくは地域の共有物とされてきたが、しばしば権利を巡る争いを引き起こした。
- According to common law, any ship drifting or drifted ashore was regarded as a property owned by a local feudal lord or the local people or as a common property of the region, but its ownership often triggered conflicts among the people.
- 一度目や耳にしたことは決して忘れなかったので、その記憶力の良さを見込まれて『帝紀』『旧辞』等の誦習を命ぜられた。
- Able to memorize something upon seeing or hearing it, Are was assigned to memorize 'Tei-ki' (records of Emperor's family tree) and 'Kyuji' (mythical tradition) for Are's incredible memory.
- 「わしだって軽くしたい。だが、わしがこうしていれば家臣も見習い、常に戦時の備えを怠らないだろう」と答えたという。
- To that remark, Kiyomasa is said to have replied, 'I myself want it light, but if I wear these like this, my retainers follow suit and never fail to be prepared for a battle.'
- 文久3年(1863年)、藩命により航海術を学び、その後京都学習院への出仕を命じられ、京洛での尊攘運動に邁進する。
- In 1863, he studied seamanship by orders of his clan, and then was ordered to serve in Kyoto Gakushuin School, where in capital Kyoto he pushed forward with the Sonjo (Sonno-Joi) movement.
- 当時の慣習では死刑囚の遺骸は引き取り手がなければ腑分け(解剖)されることになっていたが、藤作は親族が引き取った。
- According to the custom at that time, in case there is no one who takes care of a dead body, dissection is carried out, but the case of Tosaku, his family took the body.
- 復古神道は儒教や仏教の教えを排除したが、一方では、神道と儒教が習合した神儒一致の垂加神道などの儒教神道が現れた。
- Reactionary Shintoism excluded teachings of Confucianism and Buddhism, while there appeared Confucian Shintoism, or the syncretic fusion of Shintoism and Confucianism, such as Suika Shintoism.
- 統帥権は、慣習法的に軍令機関(陸軍参謀本部・海軍軍令部)の専権とされ、シビリアンコントロールの概念に欠けていた。
- The supreme command was thought to belong to military organs (the Staff Headquarters of Army and the Imperial Navy General Staff) by tradition, and not to be under civilian control.
- 出没の伝えられる地方では、子供が遅くなるまで遊んでいると「一反木綿が出るよ」と言って戒める風習もあったそうである。
- In areas where this ghost was said to haunt, a child playing outside until dark was customarily warned, 'You will be haunted by Ittan-momen if you do not go home.'
- もともと日本においては、平安時代から明治維新以前は神仏習合が一般的で、神道と仏教が分けられない場合が一般的だった。
- Originally syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism was widely seen from the Heian period until the Meiji restoration, and Shinto and Buddhism were not distinguished from each other as a general rule.
- 唐時代に喫茶の風習が始まった中国では、熱湯を入れた茶碗を直接持たなくてもいいように茶托にあたる物があったとされる。
- In China, a custom of tea drinking started in the Tang period and is believed that there was a utensil equivalent to chataku, so drinker do not need to hold tea bowl containing boiling water.
- 崩御の翌年にあたる弘化4年(1847年)、天皇の遺志によって御所の建春門外に公家講学の所として学習所が設立された。
- A year after the Emperor's death (1847), an educational center for court nobles was established outside of Kenshun mon Gate at the Imperial Palace, thus realizing his last wish.
- 丸山徳弥という村人が日向国(現在の宮崎県)へ赴き、サトウキビの苗と栽培法を習得して帰ったのが始まりと云われている。
- It originated from the fact that a villager named Tokuya MARUYAMA went to the Hyuga Province (present-day Miyazaki Prefecture) and returned having mastered the way to cultivate sugar cane seedling.
- 壺飾は古くからの習いだが、それ以外は江戸時代に(特に後期になって)拝領品への配慮として生じた取り扱いだと思われる。
- Tsubo kazari (a tea procedure for opening the tea jar and displaying it to the guests) is an old tradition; others are thought to have been formed during the Edo period (especially during the late Edo period) to show the consideration for the giver of the present.
- 遠隔地への参詣には費用がかかることから、人々は講を組織し、お金を出しあって代表者が代参を行うという習慣も生まれた。
- Since it was costly to visit a location far away from home, the practice in which people formed a religious association and paid money to have their delegates make a visit for them arose.
- 実際の和弓を使って弓を引く感覚を覚えるための素引き練習を経て、矢を番えゆがけを挿して実際に矢を放つ巻藁練習に入る。
- Secondly, they practice drawing the bow string of an actual bow, and finally they begin makiwara practice, using the actual arrow and shooting toward the target.
- そしてクラリネットやオーボエなど木管楽器も総じて笛と呼び習わし、金管楽器はラッパ(らっぱ)と呼ばれるようになった。
- Thereafter, woodwind instruments such as clarinets and oboes came to be called fue and brass instruments came to be called rappa.
- また、この日には7種類の野菜(七草)を入れた羹(あつもの)を食べる習慣があり、これが日本に伝わって七種粥となった。
- There was a custom to eat hot soup with seven kinds of vegetables, which was introduced to Japan and it eventually became the seven-herb rice porridge.
- 新年に松を家に持ち帰る習慣は平安時代に始まり、室町時代に現在のように玄関の飾りとする様式が決まったという説がある。
- According to a theory, the custom of bringing pine home in the new year days started during the Heian period and the present-day style of displaying the kadomatsu at the entrance was adopted during the Muromachi period.
- すなはち、阿禮に勅語して帝皇日継(すめらみことのひつぎ)及び先代旧辞(さきつよのふること)を誦み習はしめたまひき。
- The emperor immediately ordered Are to read and learn Kyuji that describes the lineage and incidents of past emperors that the emperor determined and selected himself.
- 1918年― 第4回日本美術院試作展覧会に「樹木」「自画像」「九十九里の浜」「男の習作」他2点を出品し、奨励賞受賞
- 1918: He submitted 'Jumoku' (Trees), 'Jigazo' (Self-portrait), 'Kujukuri no Hama' (The Shore of Kujukuri), 'Otoko no Shusaku' (A Man's Study) and two other paintings to the 4th Nihon Bijutsuin shisaku (trial piece) exhibition and received an Encouragement Prize.
- この風習が根付いた地域の人々は、「初詣=三社参り」であり、特別な信仰心とは無関係に、当然のこととして三社参りを行う。
- The people who live at the places where this custom has been established do sanshamairi as a matter of course regardless of particular special (religious) piety, considering 'hatsumode = sanshamairi.'
- 学生時代(学習院高等科3年の試験が終わった日)学友である橋本明(橋本龍太郎の従兄弟)に「銀座にいきたい」と相談した。
- He once proposed visiting Ginza to his schoolmate Akira HASHIMOTO (a cousin of former Prime Minister, Ryutaro HASHIMOTO) in his school days (to be exact, on the day when he finished the final examination in his third year of Gakushuin High School).
- 宮中に小袖を着用する習慣を持ち込んだのは和子といわれ、尾形光琳・尾形乾山兄弟の実家である雁金屋を取り立てたとされる。
- It is said it was Kazuko who introduced the custom to wear Kosode (Kimono with short sleeves) into the Imperial Palace, she preferred to use Karigane ya which was the house where the Korin and Kenzan OGATA brothers were born.
- 江戸城内では武家の習いで将軍の正室を「御台様(みだいさま)」と呼んでいたが、親子はこれを拒否し「和宮様」と呼ばせた。
- Inside the Edo castle, due to tradition, the shogun's wife was called 'Midaisama,' however Chikako refused to be called that, she made others call her 'Kazunomiya sama' instead.
- 祈りとは別に食事を始める時の挨拶「いただきます」と、食事を終えた時の挨拶「ごちそうさま」という日本独特の習慣がある。
- Apart from prayers, Japanese people have a habit to greet each other at the beginning and the end of dining, saying 'Itadakimasu' (literally, 'let me start eating') and 'Gochisosama' (literally, 'I have enjoyed delicious dishes,') which custom is typical in Japan.
- 日本以外の文化圏で育った人にとって、生卵を食する習慣はカルチャーショックであり、時にはゲテモノ食と映る可能性もある。
- The custom of eating a raw egg is a culture shock for those who grew up in culture areas other than Japan, and it can be even regarded adventurous.
- その後もオランダ語の学習を続け、1776年(安永5年)、カール・ツンベルクとは植物学などや会話も行い、学んだという。
- Even after finished the translation, he kept learning Dutch; in 1776, he met a doctor of the Dutch Trading House of Nagasaki, Carl Thunberg, and learned herbalism and other things from him.
- 「軍ノ習勝ニ乗時ハ鼠も虎トナリ、利ヲ失フ時ハ虎モ鼠トナル物ナレバ、草木ノ陰モヲソロシクシテ、シドロモドロニ退キケリ」
- As always in the military, when you are leading, even a mouse can turn to a tiger, however, when you are losing, even a tiger can turn to a mouse. Therefore, they were frightened even by the shadows of plants and ran away in panic.'
- 禅僧が修行を終えた弟子に自分の肖像画(頂相)に画讃をいれて、弟子に与える習慣が、鎌倉時代以降、禅宗とともに導入された。
- The practice of a Zen monk giving his portrait (or called Chinzo) with gasan to his disciple after he had completed ascetic training was introduced together with the Zen sect after the Kamakura period.
- 少女が掛ける赤い半襟から一人前の女性の白い半襟へ襟を掛け替える習慣を言い、半玉、舞妓などの雛妓が芸妓となることを指す。
- It means the practice of changing red haneri of young girls for white haneri of adult women, and in karyukai, it refers the promotion from hinakko, such as hangyoku (child geisha) and maiko (apprentice geisha), to geigi (geisha).
- 儲君を受けた皇子は立太子の礼(立太子礼)の儀式を執り行い、内外に皇嗣たる皇太子に就任したことを宣言する習わしであった。
- An Imperial prince who had been designated as Chokun conventionally performed Rittaishi no Rei (ceremonial investiture of the Crown Prince) to declare both domestically and internationally that he became Crown Prince who was the heir to the Imperial throne.
- 地域の慣習として作製する事もあるが、その場合は、故人の記録としての意味で、霊魂が宿る等の他宗のような特別な意味はない。
- Ihai are created in some areas as a common practice; even in these cases, however, ihai, being used only for the record of a deceased person, do not have a special meaning such as an object where the souls of the dead reside as can be seen in other sects.
- ただし多くの場合形稽古が中心であり、試合稽古は技が乱れる、理合の習得が出来ない等の理由によりあまり行われていなかった。
- However, these implements were used mainly in the performance of kata (a fixed sequence of moves) training, and were seldom employed in training matches on the grounds that skills could be eroded and that learning riai (the skill of being able to seize a chance to strike) was impossible.
- 日本の義務教育では、国語科の書写として小学3年生以上の授業では毛筆により指導されることが学習指導要領で定められている。
- Compulsory education in Japan defined by the Education Ministry guidelines is to instruct Shodo by brush in lessons for the third grade or more of elementary school as Shosha (copy of calligraphy) of the Japanese language subject.
- いずれの場合も、漢方薬で消化を助けるとされるサンショウの粉を振りかけて食べる習慣がある(関東で始まった風習とされる)。
- In either case, it is a custom to eat eel kabayaki with powdered sansho, a Chinese medicinal herb that is considered to aid digestion (the custom is considered to have started in Kanto region).
- 日本で土用の丑の日にウナギの蒲焼を食べる習慣は江戸時代に平賀源内によって広まったという説が伝わっているが定かではない。
- Although a theory has been passed down that the tradition of eating eel kabayaki in Japan on the midsummer day of the ox began during the Edo period was spread by Gennai HIRAGA, this is not confirmed.
- 備中国の永銭勘定や九州北部・四国西部の銭匁札などと並んで、江戸時代の貨幣経済システムを語る場合に興味深い商習慣である。
- This is an interesting business custom when talking about the monetary economy system in the Edo period, together with the Eisen-kanjo (a calculational procedure using Eiraku-tsuho [bronze coins struck in the Ming dynasty] as a fictional unit) in Bitchu Province and senme-satsu in the northern part of Kyushu and in the western part of Shikoku.
- 戊辰戦争(明治元年、1868年)では、城下一番小隊に属して伏見の戦いで御香宮に戦い、功を以て小隊の小頭見習いを務めた。
- In the Boshin War (1868), he belonged to the first platoon in the castle town (joka ichiban shotai) and fought in the battle of Fushimi at the headquarters set up in Gokonomiya Shrine, and due to distinguished services he was appointed to assistant chief (kogashira minarai) of the platoon.
- それは、社会の習慣や制度は生物と同様で相応の理由と必要性から発生したものであり、無理に変更すれば当然大きな反発を招く。
- He meant that any social custom or system is similar to that of nature, while they have been derived from proper reasoning and necessity, therefore unreasonable attempt at changing them would inevitably lead to a strong resistance.
- 慶応2年(1866年)に元服して従士見習いとなるが、12月に幕府の軍制改革で従士組が廃止され、新設の銃隊に配属される。
- In 1866 he underwent his coming of age ceremony and began his jushi (junior samurai) training, but in January 1867 the jushi system was abolished through military reforms of the shoganate and he was assigned to the rifle corps.
- 古くは茶事・茶会のたびに作ることがなされており,そのため保存しておく習慣がなく、古い時代のものはあまり残されてはいない。
- In ancient times, every time when a tea ceremony or a tea party was convened, Chashaku were freshly made without being stored, so there is only a handful of preserved Chashaku from the ancient times.
- 室町時代の足利氏には正月に紅白の菱形の餅を食べる習慣があり、宮中に取り入れられて草餅と重ねて菱餅になったという説がある。
- There is another theory that it was a custom of the Ashikaga clan in the Muromachi period to eat red and white lozenge-shaped rice cakes during the New Year's holidays, and when these were introduced to the imperial court, a layer of kusa mochi was added, giving rise to hishi mochi.
- 日本は四方を海に囲まれ、新鮮な魚介類をいつでも手に入れられるという恵まれた環境にあった為、魚介類を生食する習慣が残った。
- Because Japan consists of several islands, fresh fish has always been readily available, and consequently the practice of eating raw seafood was continued.
- 石田村は古くは石田郷といって石田氏は郷名を苗字とした土豪であったとされている(また、観音寺で学習していたとも言われる)。
- Ishida Village was called Ishida-go(village), and the Ishida clan was a local ruling family who used the Go-mei (the name of a village) as its family name (he was said to study at Kannon-ji Temple).
- また、シャルル・シャノワーヌ大尉らフランス軍事顧問団による直接指導も導入され、その訓練を受ける伝習隊が新規に編成された。
- Direct training by French military advisors including senior lieutenant Charles Chanoine was introduced, and Denshutai (Edo shogunate's army) was newly organized to be instructed by them.
- 基本的には、収縮課目であるか否かで乗蘭と燕尾服の使用が分かれるような慣習があり、収縮課目では燕尾服とするのが一般的である。
- The dress code is basically different with classes; the tailcoat is required in the top class competitions and the evening dress is required in the other competitions.
- この目的で建立されるのが茶筅塚で、現在では全国各地に見られるが、これは大正から昭和にかけて広まった比較的新しい習慣らしい。
- Although the mound for used chasen, built for this service, is found throughout the country today, making the mound is thought to be a relatively new custom that became widespread from the Taisho to Showa periods.
- 久米三十六姓の人々は、琉球国王の命令を受けて、中国本土(主に福建)に渡って留学し、中国語や、音楽などの中国文化を学習した。
- Individuals included as part of the Thirty Six Families of Kume took orders from the Ryukyu monarchy, studied Chinese culture,including language and music, in mainland China, principally Fujian Province.
- 明治時代になると、日本には西洋式数学が導入されることとなったが、算額奉納の風習は、この導入を容易にしたとも評価されている。
- The culture of dedicating mathematical puzzles is appreciated as having served as a catalyst for introducing Western-style mathematics into Japan in the Meiji Period.
- 神護景雲3年(769年)、太宰府の主神(かんづかさ)中臣習宜阿曾麻呂が「道鏡が皇位に就くべし」との宇佐八幡の託宣を報じた。
- In 769, NAKATOMI no Suge no Asomaro, Kantsukasa (ritual official) of Dazaifu (Government Headquarters in Kyushu), reported the oracle of Usa Hachiman God that 'Dokyo shall assume the throne.'
- しかし、戦時中に限らず皇族の凶事がしばらく秘匿されるのは明治以前からの慣習であり、なにも能久親王が特別のことではなかった。
- However, even before Meiji period, it was customary that misfortunes happened in the imperial family were concealed for a while not only during wartime but also during peacetime and thus the case of Prince Yoshihisa was not special.
- 奈良県奈良市内では、多くの家々がこの風習を今でも受け継いでいて、ごく普通に柊鰯が見られるが、京都府京都市内では見かけない。
- In Nara City, Nara Prefecture many families still follow this tradition and Hiiragi-iwashi is quite a common sight, but in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture you seldom see Hiiragi-iwashi.
- これは、古来からの菩提寺と檀家の関係が現代まで引き継がれた結果のもので、純粋な宗教行事というより、習俗化したものといえる。
- This resulted from the fact that a relationship between a family temple and a Buddhist parishioner was continued from ancient times to modern times, and is considered to have been popularized and have become a custom rather than just as a pure religious event.
- なお、800年ぶりの改暦は当時話題となり、井原西鶴は『暦 (浮世草子)』、近松門左衛門は『賢女手習並新暦』を執筆している。
- Incidentally, the reform of the calendar for the first time in 800 years gained topicality at that time; thus, Saikaku IHARA wrote 'Koyomi (Ukiyozoshi), Calendar (Literally, Books of Floating World),' and Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU wrote 'Kenjo no tenarai narabini shingoyomi (Wise Woman's Penmanship and the New Calendar).'
- 1922年5月4日から11日までに開かれた生活改善講習会において、塚本はま子は「衣服の改善」という題の講習の中で、述べた。
- In the Daily Life Improvement Lectures held from May 4 to 11, 1922, Hamako TSUKAMOTO gave a lecture titled 'Improvement of clothing,' in which she said as follows.
- が、村落あげての大がかりな迎え火であるこの御招霊の慣習は高度経済成長と言われた昭和40年代中頃までで終えている場合が多い。
- On the other hand, the tradition of oshorei as a big mukaebi event for the whole village had been lost in many regions by around 1970, during a period of high economic growth.
- もと、平安の貴族達が好んだ小松引きと言う行事で持ち帰った「子の日の松」を長寿祈願のため愛好する習慣から変遷したものである。
- The kadomatsu stems originally from the popular custom of the 'Pine on the Day of the Rat,' in which nobles in the Heian period took pines home during the fondly-held event called the Komatsu-hiki (pulling out small pine trees on the first day of the Rat), and used them to pray for longevity.
- ところで『日本書紀』は純漢文体であると思われてきたが、最近の研究から語彙や語法に倭習が多くみられることが分かってきている。
- By the way, 'Nihonshoki' has been thought to be written in genuine Chinese writing style, but recent researches show that there are many grammatical deviations affected by Japanese in vocabulary and usage.
- 現代でも、庚申堂を中心とした庚申信仰の行われている地域では、軒先に身代わり猿を吊り下げる風習が見られ、一目でそれと分かる。
- In the areas where Koshin belief centered on a Koshin hall is deeply rooted, the custom of hanging a monkey effigy from the edge of the eaves is observed, an obvious manifestation of the belief.
- 正史には見られない、9世紀の中国の社会・風習についての記述も多く、唐の歴史研究をする上での貴重な史料として高く評価される。
- Because of the many descriptions of Chinese society and customs in the 9th century that do not appear in official histories, it is rated as a highly valuable historical source for the study of Tang history.
- 次の滞在地ドレスデン(1885年10月11日-翌年3月7日)では、主として軍医学講習会に参加するため、5ケ月ほど生活した。
- Next, he stayed in Dresden for about five months (from October 11, 1885 to March 7, 1886) in order to take part in an army surgeon's workshop.
- 女性のいわゆる「嫁入り道具」の一つとして雙六盤(盤双六を遊ぶ盤)を持たせる慣習のある地域が江戸時代後期頃までは存在していた。
- Until around the end of the Edo period, in some regions, when a woman got married, a Sugoroku board was traditionally brought with her as one of her belongings.
- 海から著しく隔たった山村等の一部で、鯨肉の塩蔵品等が貴重視され、行事のときの料理に使う習慣が受け継がれてきた地域が存在する。
- In some mountain villages extremely far from sea, the whale meat preserved in salt was highly valued and the custom of using the meat for dishes on event occasions has been handed down.
- 歌舞伎や商業演劇のように、一座の座頭や花形役者が明確に決まっている場合、下回りの役者に対して座長が振る舞いをする習慣もある。
- When the head performer or a star performer is fixed as in kabuki and commercial theatrical performances, it is also customary that the performer entertains the lower-ranked performers on the senshuraku day.
- 江戸時代には、武家方では袴を着用することが常であったのに対し、町人にはその習慣がなかったため、町方特有の風俗であるとされた。
- In the Edo period, while the samurai warriors always put on hakama, the commoners in towns didn't have that convention, and therefore, kinagashi was thought to be a custom peculiar to the townspeople.
- そこで使い終えた茶筅を焚き上げて感謝の意を示すのが茶人の習いとなっており、針供養、筆供養などと同様に茶筅供養と呼ばれている。
- Therefore, masters of tea ceremony customarily feed the used chasen to the flames to show their gratitude, and this service is called chasen kuyo in the same manner as hari kuyo (memorial service for dull and broken needles) and fude kuyo (memorial service for used brushes).
- 但し、天皇の女子一般を皇女と呼ぶ習慣は残り、第一皇女、第二皇女というように、天皇との続柄を指す場合に多用されるようになった。
- But, it remained as the customs to generally call the emperors' daughters Himemiko, which became to be often used to refer to their relationship with the emperors as the first Himemiko, second Himemiko.
- 日本には赤ちゃんの誕生と健やかな成長を願って、生誕約1ヶ月目に、両親と父方の祖母が付き添って神社にお宮参りをする風習がある。
- In Japan, there is a custom for parents of a baby to take their baby to a shrine, celebrating the baby's birth and wishing the baby's healthy growth, with a grandmother on the baby's father's side after one month from the baby's birth.
- したがって、現在の「寒酒」という語は、日本酒を語る用語というよりは、江戸時代の風俗・習慣・経済を語る用語として見受けられる。
- The current 'kanshu' is a term that refers to not just nihonshu but to the customs, atmosphere, and economy of the Edo Period.
- きき酒師は20歳以上であれば誰でも受けられ、同会の主催する講習会を受講した後、筆記・実技の試験に合格すれば認定を受けられる。
- The qualification for the sake taster certification is offered to any person aged 20 and over; applicants are required to take a workshop conducted by SSI and pass the written and practical exams to be certified.
- ただ持ち方が練習を必要とするため、箸に不慣れな場合はあらかじめ断って、多少のマナー違反には目をつぶってもらうしかないだろう。
- However, if you are not accustomed to using chopsticks, which requires some training, you cannot help but declare accordingly in advance and ask for tolerance to overlook some breach of manners.
- 恵方巻、恵方巻き(えほうまき)は、節分に食べると縁起が良いとされる巻き寿司またはそれを食べる近畿地方を中心とした風習である。
- Ehomaki (written as 恵方巻 or 恵方巻き) refers to the maki-zushi (sushi roll) eating which on the day of Setsubun (the traditional end of winter) is considered to bring good luck, or the custom centered around the Kinki region of eating the ehomaki.
- 書の古典とは、先人たちの努力と創意の積み重ねにより生まれた美しい筆跡であり、この古典を学ぶことが最も正統な書の学習とされる。
- The classics of Sho are the beautiful brushstrokes born out of the accumulation of effort and imagination by predecessors and the most orthodox practice is to learn these classics.
- 大原雑魚寝(おおはらざこね)は、節分の夜、京都府愛宕郡大原村井出(京都市左京区大原野村町)の江文神社で雑魚寝した風習である。
- Ohara zakone is a custom that existed in the Ohara region, where a large number of people would all sleep together in one room on the night of Setsubun (the traditional end of winter) in Efumi-jinja Shrine in Ide, Ohara Village, Atago County, Kyoto Prefecture (present day Oharanomura-cho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City).
- 北関東の戦い:大鳥圭介率いる脱走部隊(伝習隊など)が、小山・宇都宮城、今市、藤原など各地で新政府軍と戦う(宇都宮城の戦い)。
- The battles of Kita Kanto (Northern Kanto): the escaping troops (Denshutai etc.) led by Keisuke OTORI fought against the New government army in various places such as Utsunomiya Castle in Oyama, Imaichi, Fujiwara (the Battle of Utsunomiya Castle).
- 道鏡はこれを信じて、あるいは道鏡が習宜阿曾麻呂をそそのかせて託宣させたとも考えられているが、道鏡は自ら皇位に就くことを望む。
- Dokyo, who believed in this oracle or it can be thought that Dokyo himself instigated SUGE no Asomaro to deliver this oracle, hoped to ascend to the Imperial Throne.
- 家治が習字の手習いで「龍」の字を書いたとき、あまりにのびのびと紙いっぱいに書いたので最後に点を打つ場所が無くなってしまった。
- When Ieharu wrote the letter of 'Ryu (Dragon)' with the brush in the practice of calligraphy, he used a whole sheet so extensively that he found no place to put a dot which was a part of the letter.
- 学習院初等科の同期生に、有栖川宮栽仁王、北白川宮成久王、北白川宮喜輝王(のちに臣籍降下し侯爵小松輝久)、朝香宮鳩彦王がいた。
- His classmates in the Gakushuin Primary School included Prince Tanehito ARISUGAWANOMIYA, Prince Naruhisa KITASHIRAKAWANOMIYA, Prince Yoshiteru KITASHIRAKAWANOMIYA (later demoted to commoner under the name Marquis Teruhisa KOMATSU) and Prince Yasuhiko ASAKANOMIYA.
- こうした慣習は古代から存在したが、鎌倉時代には訴訟当事者が有利な判決を得るために担当者を宴会に招く事がしばしば行われていた。
- This kind of custom had existed since ancient times, and then, in the Kamakura period, a party to a suit often invited those in charge of the case to a drinking party to receive a favorable sentence.
- これが神祇信仰に従来からあった怨霊祭り上げの風習に加えて、密教の側からの鎮魂も行われた点に神仏習合の類型を見ることが出来る。
- One may see it as an example of shinbutsu-shugo since ritual for repose of souls, based on esoteric Buddhism, was carried out in addition to the custom of vindictive spirit festival based on traditional Jingi belief.
- 現在の茶道では、通常茶入に濃茶を、薄茶器に薄茶をいれるという使い分けが定着しているが、これは江戸時代になってからの習慣である。
- In the current tea ceremony, it has become customary to use chaire to pour the koicha (thick tea) and usuchaki to pour the usucha (thin tea), but this custom only started in the Edo period.
- 学習院高等科出身者以外の政治学科同級生に東京都立両国高等学校から現役進学した後の日本会議国会議員懇談会初代会長島村宜伸がいる。
- Yoshinobu SHIMAMURA, the first chairman of 'Nippon Kaigi Kokkaigiin Kondanakai' (Japan informal gathering of Diet members) was a classmate in the Department of Political Science of Gakushuin University, who passed the college entrance examination while still enrolled in Tokyo Metropolitan Ryogoku High School.
- 特に大臣家以上の公卿の子弟に対して御室御所と敬称する習慣もあり、御所号は皇室のみならず、公家・武家の高位者にも広く用いられた。
- There was a custom to refer to children of high nobles ranking higher than ministers as Omuro Gosho, and thus the gosho-go was widely given not only to the Imperial Family but also to high-ranking nobles and samurai families.
- 仏教伝来直後は、物部氏など神道を崇拝する人々によって唱えられた事もあったが、神仏習合の普及以後は一時的に対立は緩和していった。
- After Buddhism was introduced, Shinkoku was taught by the Mononobe clan who believed in Shinto, however the conflict between the belief of Shinkoku and Buddhism were temporarily eased after synchronization of Shinto with Buddhism was introduced.
- その醸造の現場へ地元の農民を派遣して技能を習得させ、やがては領民だけの力で藩造酒(はんぞうしゅ)の生産が可能になるよう図った。
- They also sent local peasants to actual brewing sites so that they could learn brewing skills which would enable them to produce hanzoshu (local sake brewed by a clan) without experts' help afterward.
- 元々は「年蘢り」(としこもり、としごもり)と言い、家長が祈願のために大晦日の夜から元日の朝にかけて氏神の社に蘢る習慣であった。
- Originally this was a custom called 'toshikomori' (also referred as toshigomori) in which the head of a family shut himself away in the shrine of the ujigami (a guardian god or spirit of a particular place in the Shinto religion) from the night of New Year's Eve until the morning of New Year's Day to offer prayers.
- また、伊勢神宮への参詣では、道中で無一文になっても沿道の人々の援助によって旅が続けられるという「抜け参り」という風習もあった。
- For a visit to the Ise-jingu Shrine, there was also a custom called 'nukemairi' in which people were able to continue their trip with the help of roadside residents even after spending all their money on the way there.
- 節分の夜にその年の恵方に向かって目を閉じて一言も喋らず、願い事を思い浮かべながら太巻きをまるかじりするのが習わしとされている。
- According to the custom, one looks in the lucky direction of the year (according to the Chinese zodiac) with closed eyes, and silently bites into a thick sushi roll while thinking of his or her wish.
- 臨書は古典などの学習手段として古来から行われており、奈良時代の光明皇后による王羲之の『王羲之楽毅論』の臨書が正倉院に現存する。
- Rinsho has been performed since ancient times as the means to learn the classics and others, and that of 'Wang Xi-Zhi Gakkiron' by Wang Xizhi exists in Shosoin Treasure House thanks to Empress Komyo during the Nara period (the eighth century).
- この事件後実朝の近習を中心として多数の御家人が出家したとあるので、重胤もこれに従って出家、家督を子の東胤行に譲ったと思われる。
- After this incident, many gokenins (immediate vassals of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods), centered in the kinju (attendants) of Sanetomo, were said to have become a priest, and Shigetane was also thought to have become a priest along with them, and have passed the family estate over to his son, Taneyuki TO.
- 日本ではツバキには神霊が宿るという伝承があることから、牛鬼を神の化身とみなす解釈もあり、悪霊をはらう者として敬う風習も存在する。
- On the ground that there is a legend in Japan that says a divine spirit dwells in a camellia, Ushioni may be interpreted as an incarnation of a deity, and in some customs people respect it as something that clears evil spirits away.
- 19世紀に訪れた外国人は朝鮮に喫茶の風習がほとんどなく、有力者が中国産の茶を僅かに飲む程度であったと口をそろえて書き残している。
- Many foreign people who visited Korea in the 19th century wrote that Koreans had hardly any tradition of tea drinking and that only influential people drank tea from China and then only a little.
- 手締め(てじめ)とは日本の風習の一つで、物事が無事に終わったことを祝って、その関係者が掛け声とともにリズムを合わせて打つ手拍子。
- Tejime is a Japanese custom of rhythmic hand clapping performed in time with the calls of one participant in order to celebrate the fact that an event has concluded without trouble.
- 他の地方でも、乞食正月(石川県)、棚探し(群馬県)、フセ正月(岐阜県)などと言って、正月の御馳走や餅などを食べ尽くす風習がある。
- There are also customs to eat up meals and rice cakes prepared for the New Year in other regions such as Kojiki (beggars) Shogatsu in Ishikawa Prefecture, Tanasagashi (searching in shelves) in Gunma Prefecture, Fuse (offering) Shogatsu in Gifu prefecture.
- 東アジアから喫茶の習慣が伝わった当初は、把手のないカップが主流であったが、次第に把手付きのものが増え、やがてこれが普通となった。
- When the habit of drinking tea was brought from East Asia, the cups were normally without handles, but gradually cups with handles have spread and become common.
- ここにおいて、日本の数学はそれまで全ての規範であった中国数学の学習の範囲を超えて独創の段階に入り、日本独自の「和算」が生まれた。
- This was how such a uniquely Japanese 'wasan' came into being that went beyond the level of merely studying Chinese mathematics, hitherto a model for everything with regard to mathematics.
- 明治時代になり鎖国が解けると、日本には洋算が導入されるようになったが、この導入を容易にしたことにも算額を奉納する風習が貢献した。
- When yosan, or western mathematics, was introduced to Japan after opening the country during the Meiji period, this practice of dedicating sangaku also contributed to the smooth introduction of a new type of mathematics.
- 神武天皇の御子のうち、末子であるカムヌナカワミミが皇位を継いだのは、古代日本において末子相続の風習があったことを示すものである。
- The fact that among Emperor Jinmu's children, the youngest son Kamununakawamimi succeeded the Imperial throne indicates that there was a custom of postremogeniture in ancient Japan.
- 家庭教師の一条兼良も義尚の側近重用には危惧を持っていたらしく、「近習者をえらばるべき事」と諫めていたが、義尚は聞き入れなかった。
- Apparently, his personal tutor, Kanera ICHIJO, was also concerned about Yoshihisa's close advisers and admonished him that 'one should not choose these as close advisers'; however, Yoshihisa did not heed those words.
- 開国後の安政4年(1857年)、江戸幕府は長崎海軍伝習所の医学教師としてヨハネス・ポンペ・ファン・メーデルフォールトを招聘した。
- In 1857 after opening a country to the world, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) invited Johannes Pompe van Meerdervoort as a medical science teacher at Nagasaki Kaigun Denshu-sho (Japanese Naval School).
- 大正5年(1916年)、内大臣府として大正天皇に供奉し福岡県で行われた陸軍特別大演習を参観した帰途に胃病から倒れ、胆嚢炎を併発。
- In 1916, he accompanied the Emperor Taisho as the Minister of the Interior's Office and on the way back from watching the army's special large-scaled maneuver conducted in Fukuoka Prefecture, he fell ill due to stomach disorder and simultaneously cholecystitis occurred.
- 幼少より絵を好み、いつも神社の大きな石(雲泉の手習い石)に泥を塗って竹箆で絵を描いては衣服を汚して帰ったという逸話が残っている。
- From a child, he was fond of paintings, and there is an anecdote that he always spread mud and painted picture with a bamboo stick on a big stone called Unzen no tenarai ishi (Unzen's stone for learning) in a Shinto shrine, returning home with his dirty clothes.
- この頃の学習院は三条実美を中心とする攘夷派公卿の政策決定の場となっており、格式も高く足軽身分の国臣としては相当な大抜擢であった。
- At this time, the Gakushuin was the a prestigious place for the decision-making of court nobles loyal to the Emperor, headed by Sanetomi SANJO, therefore this was an exceptional promotion for Kuniomi, who had come from humble beginnings as an ashigaru.
- すぐさま(天武)天皇は阿礼に「『帝皇日継』(ていおうのひつぎ。帝紀)と『先代旧辞』(せんだいのくじ。旧辞)を誦習せよ」と命じた。
- The Emperor Tenmu immediately ordered Are to memorize 'Teio no Hitsugi' (Imperial Sun-Lineage) and 'Sendai no Kuji' (Ancient Dicta of Former Ages).
- 本所法には、荘務権を有する本所と称される権門が属する法体系に根源を持つものと荘園内部における慣習法が本所に容認されたものがある。
- There were two main origins of the Honjo law: one was in a legal structure that had governed the influential families called honjo, which owned Shomuken (the authority of the jurisdiction and the administration of Shoen), and the other was the common law in Shoen that became approved by the honjo.
- ただし、これらの木製茶器を薄茶器に用いる習慣は、あくまで江戸時代になって濃茶と薄茶を別の容器に入れるようになってからのものである。
- However, the custom of using these wooden tea caddy for thin tea started only in the Edo period, when the powdered tea for thick tea and that for thin tea came to be contained in different types of containers.
- 別家に養子に出た慶喜との同居は武家社会の慣習上出来なかったが、親しく文通を行い、頻繁に交流していた様子が残っている書簡から伺える。
- Because of the customs of the samurai society at that time, she was not allowed to live with her child, Yoshinobu who had been adopted by a different family; However, the remaining letters show that she and Youshinobu closely corresponded and frequently communicated.
- 母は太政大臣征夷大将軍徳川秀忠の娘、東福門院徳川和子(かずこ、入内の際に濁音発音を嫌う宮廷風習にならい「まさこ」と読みを変える)。
- Her mother was the Grand Minister and a seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Hidetada TOKUGAWA's daughter, Tofukumon-in Kazuko TOKUGAWA. (When she entered the Imperial Palace, her name, Kazuko was changed to Masako as her original name was not a preferred one under Palace customs.)
- 同書は倭人のことを「人性嗜酒(さけをたしなむ)」と評しており、喪に当たっては弔問客が「歌舞飲酒」をする風習があることも述べている。
- This book describes Japanese were 'fond of the drink' and also had a custom for mourners to 'sing, dance and drink' at funeral services.
- また打ち込み練習の相手用に長木刀(ながぼくと)というかなり長いが同じく無加工の柞製の棒に太い紙縒り製の鍔を取り付けた木刀を用いる。
- Likewise, long bokuto called nagabokuto that are very long unprocessed yusu sticks, to which fat tsuba made of koyori (pieces of twisted-paper string) are attached, are used as targets during uchikomi (hitting) practice.
- 地元の小学生から長老まで約40人が壬生大念仏講中を構成し、学校通い、会社勤め、商いなどの本職のかたわらに練習をし、公演をしている。
- The Mibu Dainenbutsu Association is formed from approximately 40 members, spanning a wide age group from local elementary school students to senior citizens, who take time out from their normal occupations as commuting students, salaried employees, running small business and the like to rehearse and perform.
- The Mibu Dainenbutsu Association consists of around 40 members ranging from elementary school students to senior citizens who rehearse and perform outside of school and work.
- それに「ハレとケ」の食物として麺類が用いられる風習が一部にあり、結婚式等の祝い事の席やそれが終わった後に素麺が振舞われる事がある。
- There is a custom of eating noodles as a feast of hare and ke (sacred-profane dichotomy) in some areas, and somen is sometimes served in or after a celebratory event such as a wedding ceremony.
- そこで長女弘徽殿女御の元に行儀見習いへ出すことを決めたが、女御へ贈られた文も和歌も支離滅裂な出来で、女房たちの失笑を買うのだった。
- He decided to have her go to his oldest daughter, Kokiden no nyogo, the Emperor's consort, to learn good manners, but a letter and a waka poem she sent to Kokiden were nonsensical, causing the court ladies to snigger in contempt.
- そして日本では平安時代に「厭離穢土・欣求浄土」に代表される浄土教往生思想が広まり、海の彼方の理想郷と浄土とが習合されたのであった。
- Then, in the Heian Period in Japan, Jodo sect's thought of 'Ojo' epitomized by its cries, 'abhorrence of (living in) this impure world' and 'seeking rebirth in the Pure Land' became popular and the Utopia beyond the sea was syncretized with the Pure Land.
- 甕棺墓は、縄文時代後・晩期の埋甕習俗を下敷きとし、半島から伝来した壷形土器を埋葬容器として採用することにより成立したと考えられる。
- Kamekanbo was based on the manners and customs of maiyo (custom of burial during the Jomon period, dead body, etc. was placed inside a pot and buried) in the end to last Jomon period, and was completed by adapting a jar-shaped vessel from the Korean Peninsula as a container for burial.
- 必由堂(熊本藩家老である米田家の家塾)、熊本藩の藩校の時習館で学び、江戸や長崎へ遊学し、明治3年(1870年)には開成学校で学ぶ。
- After he studied at Hitsuyudo (a private school operated by the Yoneda family, a chief retainer of the Kumamoto Domain) and the Kumamoto Domain's school named Jishukan, he traveled to Edo and Nagasaki to study, and he also studied at Kaisei School in 1870.
- ドイツでは改暦の時期が領邦によりまちまちだったため、スラッシュ(/)で新旧の日付を併記したり日付に都市名を添えたりする習慣が続いた。
- In Germany a different territorium reformed its old calendar at a different time, so that both old and new calendar dates were written side by side or the name of a city was added to a date, and such customs remained for some time.
- 興行の中で、初日・中日(なかび)・千秋楽の3日が特に重要な日として考えられており、出演者が互いに楽屋を訪れ挨拶するなどの習慣がある。
- When plays on the same program are performed for days, the three days of shonichi (the first day), nakabi (the middle day) and senshuraku (the final day) are considered to be the most important ones, and it is customary that the performers visit each other at their respective backstage rooms and pay their compliments to each other.
- これは民衆の習俗として登場した舞踊が舞台芸術化するにつれて、衣装などの外形は保存しつつも舞台栄えする華やかさを要求された結果である。
- This is because folk dancing, which originated from people's folkways and has become theatrical art, needs glamorous air as theatrical art while maintaining traditional appearance such as costume etc.
- また粗末に扱ったり供養を絶やすと、付喪神となり荒ぶるとする考えから、役目を終えた道具や生き物に対する供養を行う習慣につながっている。
- The practice of holding memorial services for tools and living things that had served their purposes derived from the belief that such things would become violent Tsukumogami if people treated them without due respect or did not hold memorial services for them.
- 野州家は将軍近習としての性格を有した一方で、京兆家、典厩家とも密接な関係を保ち、結果として細川氏一門の幕政関与に貢献したと思われる。
- The Yashu family possessed its nature as a shogun attendant, but on the other hand, they maintained the close relationship with the Keicho family and the Tenkyu family, as a result, it is assumed, they had contributed to the involvement of the Hosokawa clan in bakufu.
- 毎年7月7日の役行者のご命日には一言主ノ神を祀る葛木神社と法起菩薩を本尊とする転法輪寺との珍しい神仏習合のれんげ祭りが行われている。
- On July 7, the death anniversary of EN no Gyoja, in every year, Renge Matsuri (Lotus Flower Festival) was held by Tenporin-ji Temple, whose principal image is Hoki Bosatsu and by Katsuragi-jinja Shrine where Hitokotonushi no Okami is worshipped, which is syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism and is a rare case.
- 女性ほど濃厚ではないが男性貴族にも化粧の習慣が広まり、公家化した平氏の武将の中には、眉を引眉にし薄く白粉を刷いて出陣した若者もいる。
- The custom of makeup also became popular among noblemen although their makeup was lighter than women's makeup, and some young samurai men in the Taira clan, whose behavior and culture became the court noble style, even changed their eyebrows to hikimayu (painted eyebrows) and powdered their faces lightly before going into a battle.
- てるてる坊主(-ぼうず)とは、日本の風習の一つであり、これを正立させた状態で軒先などに飾ると、明日の天気が晴れになると言われている。
- Hanging 'teru teru bozu,' a hand-made doll made of white paper or cloth, at the front of a house in the straight position is a Japanese custom, which is believed to bring good weather for the next day.
- 雛のつるし飾りは、娘の成人後にどんど焼きにくべる習慣があったため、古い物は残っておらず、最古の物は100年程度前の物と言われている。
- Since Hina no tsurushi kazari used to be burned in the don don yaki (a Shinto blessing of objects after a daughter comes to age), old ones do not exist and the oldest one is said to be a hundred years old or so.
- こうした翻訳の問題もあって、生の魚肉を食する習慣が無い地域では、「日本では魚などを生のままで食べている」という理解を取ることがある。
- Partly because the problem with this translation, it often caused the instant reaction of 'the Japanese eat raw fish' in regions without the custom of eating raw fish.
- しかし夕霧が12歳で元服したころ、源氏が彼を大学寮に入れ学問を習得させようと二条の東の院に夕霧を移し、なかなか大宮邸へ通えなくなる。
- However, at the age of twelve, around the time when Yugiri celebrates his attainment of manhood, Genji moves him to the east pavilion at Nijo in order to put him in Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) and makes him study, so he cannot often visit the residence of Omiya.
- 藩主・鍋島直正の推薦で安政3年(1856年)、20歳で長崎海軍伝習所へ入所し、卒業後には佐賀藩海軍方助役を務めて海軍力の発展を促す。
- At the recommendation of Naomasa NABESHIMA, the lord of domain, NAKAMUTA entered a naval school in Nagasaki at the age of 20 in 1856, and after graduation, he served as an assistant of mayor in the domain's Navy and contributed to its development.
- 第一次世界大戦中の1914年(大正3年)11月11日東京俘虜収容所長に就任、1915年(大正4年)9月7日習志野俘虜収容所長に移る。
- On November 11, 1914, during World War I, he assumed the position of Tokyo Internment Camp Chief, and on September 7, 1915, became Narashino Internment Camp Chief.
- なお、小型捕鯨業では、伝統的に捕鯨従事者への一種の現物支給として鯨肉分配がされる習慣があり、現在でも一部でそうした利用が継続している。
- In the small-scale whaling business, it has been traditional custom that whale meat is allotted to each worker engaged in hunting whales as a kind of material compensation, and use of the meat through such custom is still existing in some areas.
- 『仮名手本忠臣蔵』は『菅原伝授手習鑑』『義経千本桜』とならぶ人形浄瑠璃の三大傑作といわれ、後代他分野の作品に大きな影響を及ぼしている。
- Along with 'Sugawara denju tenaraikagami' (Sugawara's secrets of calligraphy) and 'Yoshitsune Senbonzakura' (Yoshitsune and One Thousand Cherry Trees), 'Kanadehon Chushingura' is considered as one of the three masterpieces of ningyo joruri plays, and it has influenced various works in other fields since then.
- 従って、毛利家・毛利氏としては季光が初代とするのが相当であるが、毛利家の慣習上、アメノホヒを初代とするため、季光は39代とされている。
- Therefore, Suemitsu should actually be the forefather of the Mori family and the Mori clan; however, as it is the custom of their family to regard Amenohohi (a male Shinto god) as the first head of the family, Suemistu is said to be the 39th head of the clan.
- 但し、天皇の男子一般を皇子と呼ぶ習慣は残り、第一皇子、第二皇子、第一皇女というように、天皇との続柄を指す場合に多用されるようになった。
- But it remained as customs to generally call the emperors' sons Miko, and then the naming became often used to refer to their relationship with the emperors such as the first Miko, the second Miko, or the first Himemiko.
- 律令法(りつりょうほう)は律令格式(きゃくしき)などの制定法および平安時代になって律令を基礎にして成立した各種の慣習法をふくめたもの。
- Ritsuryo law includes statutory laws such as; codes and ethics covering conduct, and various common laws established in the Heian period based upon ritsuryo.
- 神武天皇の即位年月日は、『日本書紀』の記述に基づいて、明治以来、法的・慣習的に紀元前660年の旧暦元旦、新暦の2月11日とされている。
- The enthronement date of Emperor Jimmu has been considered to have been determined on the basis of the description in Nihonshoki to be New Year's Day (of the old calendar) or February 11th (of the new calendar) in 660 B.C. legally and conventionally since the Meiji period.
- もともとこの日に最も近い戊の日は、社日として氏子が氏神たる神社に参詣し、春は五穀豊穣を祈り、秋は実りある収穫に感謝する習わしがあった。
- A Tsuchinoe day that falls closest to the vernal or autumnal equinox day was originally known as a shanichi day, and shrine parishioners visited shrines which enshrined their local deities to pray for a good harvest on the spring shanich day or to thank for a successful harvest on the autumn shanichi day.
- - 初日の出や富士山の山頂から望む行為に代表され、世界的には夕日を愛でる習慣が多い中、日本独特ともいわれる朝日信仰(太陽信仰)である。
- The sunrise belief (sun belief), represented by an act of watching hatsu hinode (first sunrise of New year) or watching a sunrise from the top of Mt. Fuji, is said to be peculiar to Japan, while there are a lot of practices of admiring the setting sun all over the world.
- これは明治時代初期に神仏分離が行われる前は、神道と大乗仏教、ならびに祖霊信仰が一体化した神仏習合による信仰が一般化していたためである。
- This is because before the separation of Buddhism and Shinto in the early Meiji period, the belief based on syncretization of Shinto and Buddhism with the integration of Shinto, Mahayana Buddhism, and Sorei shinko (belief in ancestral spirits), was common.
- 餅を二分して食紅(しょくべに)で赤く着色したものを紅白餅として祝う風習があるが、一生を二分するのは不遜として紅白に分けない場合もある。
- There is a custom that this mochi is divided into two of which one is colored in red with shokubeni (red coloring agent for food), and the two are celebrated as kohaku-mochi (mochi in red and white, the lucky color combination), however, in some cases, the mochi is not divided into red and white pieces because to divide the whole life into two is insolent.
- 中華人民共和国遼寧省の大連市周辺でも、日本の統治時代の影響で、ヒラメなどの海水魚の刺身や生ウニを食べる習慣が一部の中国人にも残された。
- Due to the influence of Japanese occupation, the practice of eating sashimi made from saltwater fish such as olive flounder and raw sea urchin has remained in part of the population of the Dalian City area of Liaoning Province, in the People's Republic of China.
- その上、中国では海を化外の地(けがいのち)と呼び、忌み嫌う価値観が存在する事と、肉や野菜を生食する習慣は疫病の流行などで早くに廃れた。
- Additionally, the Chinese disliked the sea, as their values at the time considered it to be outside of their realm; therefore, the practice of eating raw meat and vegetables was abandoned early on due to the spread of disease.
- 東京では、官立医学校(ドイツ人教官がドイツ語で講義)への入学に備え、ドイツ語を習得するため、1872年10月に私塾の進文学社に入った。
- He entered the private Shinbungakusha school in October 1872 in order to learn German in preparation for admission to Kanritsu Igakko (National Medical School) where lectures were given in German by German instructors.
- 安政3年(1856年)には幕府が新設した長崎海軍伝習所に入所、国際情勢や蘭学と呼ばれた西洋の学問や航海術・舎密学(化学)などを学んだ。
- In 1856, he entered the Naval Training Center in Nagasaki, which had been newly established by bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), where he studied the international situation, Western studies called Rangaku, seamanship, chemistry, etc.
- 1947年(昭和22年)に旧皇族が皇籍離脱する前までは宮家の数が多く、父宮の嗣子として宮家を継ぐべき王子をこのように称する慣習があった。
- Until 1947, when former Imperial families renounced their status, there had been many Miyakes and a custom to call the prince who was an heir to his father who was to succeed the Miyake, 'Wakamiya'.
- 荘園制を基礎にして発達した本所もその一つであるが、地方の行政組織の内部に発達してきた国衙法(こくが)ともいうべき慣習法もその一例である。
- Honjo (proprietor or guarantor of the manor) which developed, based on the shoen system, is one example, as well as common law that can be referred to as Kokuga (provincial government headquarters) law, that developed within provincial governmental organizations.
- このほか学習院初等科時代に、容貌が蚊取線香の香炉を想起させたこと・色黒だったことから「チャブ」と学友たちによってつけられた愛称が伝わる。
- In addition, he was nicknamed 'Chab' by his schoolmates in his school days of Gakushuin Primary School, which originated in his looks that let schoolmates associate with an incense burner for burning the mosquito repellent stick, as well as in his swarthy-colored skin.
- 勿論、あまり堅苦しくない席ではこのような配慮は必要無いが、普段から練習しておくと自然と身に付いて大事な席での失敗が避けられると思われる。
- Of course, in an informal situation this kind of consideration is not necessary however practicing everyday will help you learn naturally and so avoid making mistakes when it is really important.
- この風習は1980年代後半までは関東地方(東京)などを中心見られたが、1990年代には縮小していき大多数が白一色の素麺になってしまった。
- This custom was common around Kanto area (Tokyo) until the late 1980's, but it became less popular in the 1990's and now a majority of somen is white only.
- 従来の日本の食慣習に沿った方式ではあるが、この場合しばしば、ご飯は「ライス」と呼ばれ、茶碗に盛った和食のそれとは別のものとして扱われる。
- This is a style following the conventional Japanese eating habits, but in this case the rice is often called 'raisu' and treated as different from that served in a bowl in Japanese food.
- 『風土記』ではこれらの例を「諺」といっており、枕詞がことわざと同じように、習慣化した、決まり文句という扱いをうけていたことが想像される。
- In 'Fudoki' these instances are called 'kotowaza' (諺, which means a proverb), so it is thought that makurakotoba were treated as habitualized and fixed phrases as well as kotowaza.
- 例えば、国司の赴任の際に在庁官人らが椀飯を奉って歓迎の饗宴を行う慣例が行われるようになり、在庁官人から武士に椀飯の慣習が広まっていった。
- For example, local officials served oban as a welcome banquet for the newly appointed Kokushi and this custom of oban spread from local officials to the bushi (samurai) class.
- 『菅原伝授手習鑑』(すがわら でんじゅ てならい かがみ、旧字体:傳授)は、義太夫節、またそれに合せて演じられる人形浄瑠璃と歌舞伎の演目。
- 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami' (Sugawara's Secrets of Calligraphy) (classic word: 傳授) was Gidayu-bushi (musical narrative of the puppet theatre) and a program of ningyo joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater) and Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) played along with it.
- この「残さず食べる」という風習は、食べ物の大切さ、命をいただいているという食べ物に対する感謝の気持ちが込められている(もったいない参照)。
- This custom to 'finish all dishes served for you' contains feelings of the people who esteem values of foods with gratitude for them that are believed to provide the people with power of life (please refer to 'Mottainai').
- 例えば西日本の一部地域の様に「三社参り」などと言って正月三が日の内に複数(多くは三社程度)の神社に参拝するのが習慣となっている地域もある。
- For example, in some regions in the western Japan, there is a custom called 'sanja-mairi' in which people visit different shrines (about three shrines in most cases) during the first three days of the New Year.
- 「巻藁三年(旧制中学時代は実際に3年間的前には上がらず巻藁練習をしていた)」とも言われるほどこの練習は的前に立つ前段階で極めて重要である。
- Makiwara practice is important enough as a preliminary step before progressing to matomae to be called 'three-year makiwara practice' (under the old education system, in the junior high school, it was said that archers continued makiwara practice for three years before progressing to matomae).
- 近畿地方や北陸地方(特に京都市・金沢市)を中心に夏の土用の入りの日にあんころ餅を食べる風習があり、別名「土用餅(どようもち)」と呼ばれる。
- It is a custom in Kinki and Hokuriku regions (especially in Kyoto City and Kanazawa City) to eat Ankoromochi on the first day of 'Doyo of summer' (midsummer), and Ankoromochi is also called Doyomochi.
- これらの技法の習得には、色々な教育機関を通じて書家に師事し、古典を中心に学習し、書道展などに出品しながら技量を高めていくのが一般的である。
- These techniques are generally acquired by learning from Shoka (calligrapher) through various educational institutions, studying focusing on the classics, and entering products in Shodo exhibitions to heighten one's own skills.
- しかし、練習用の鉛管だとは告げずに透視結果を報告しており、山川から預かった鉛管は最初隠していたため、ごまかしを試みて失敗した可能性が高い。
- However, she reported the result without telling that was on the pipe for practice, which might be highly possible that she failed in cheating because at first she was hiding the lead pipe which Yamakawa gave her.
- 演習を観るために訪れたザクセン王国の首都ドレスデンでは、ドレスデン美術館にも行き、ラファエロ・サンティの「サン・シストの聖母」を鑑賞した。
- In Dresden, capital of the Kingdom of Saxony, which he visited to watch military practice, he went to Dresden Art Museum to view 'Madonna of San Sisto' by Raffaello Santi.
- ほぼ同時期に書かれた柳亭種彦の『還魂紙料』には元は天台宗で初学の僧侶の学習のために作成された「仏法双六」が原型であったとする説を伝えている。
- According to the 'Sukigaeshi' (literally reconstituting paper from old scraps) by Tanehiko RYUTEI written around the same time, 'the Buppo Sugoroku', which was produced for the first practices for the Tendai-shu sect monks, was its roots.
- 神輿の担ぎ手や山車の引き手にプロがいないのと同じように、氏子や檀家が祭りのために練習をし、祭りのときのみ演奏されてきたものが多いためである。
- Much as there are no professionals amongst the ranks of individuals who carry Mikoshi (portable shrines) at festivals or those who pull festival floats, parishioners and supporters practice for festivals and in many cases limit perform only to those festivals.
- 基本的に「年蘢り」形式を踏まず、単に寺社に「元日詣」を行うだけの初詣は明治以降広まった新しい風習であり、それも鉄道網の発展による賜物という。
- Fundamentally, hatsumode, in which no 'toshigomori' formalities are taken but only 'ganjitsumode' to shrines and temples is conducted, is a new custom which became widespread after the Meiji period; this is considered as being the product resulting from development of the railway network.
- これ以前にはいわゆる武士でなくとも成人男性が平素から帯刀していた習慣があったことは、日本人と剣術とのかかわりの深さを認識する上で重要である。
- The fact that Japanese adult males, including those who were not samurai, customarily wore a sword is an important factor in understanding the close relation between Japanese people and Kenjutsu.
- アボカドの果肉はトロに似た食感があるといわれ、ワサビ醤油で食することが慣習化され、アボカドの刺身などとして多くの料理本などに記載されている。
- The flesh of the avocado is said to have a texture similar to fatty tuna, and it has become commonly eaten with soy sauce seasoned with wasabi so that it is now described in many recipe books as 'avocado sashimi.'
- この道祖神に、旅の無事を祈願した「手向神」(たむけのかみ)とも習合し、一里塚や峠の塚など集落から離れた場所にも、塚が建立されるようになった。
- The Doso-shin faith was syncretized with Tamuke no Kami (a travelers' guardian deity) to erect mounds such as ichirizuka (milestones) and mountain-path mounds at locations at a distance from villages.
- 例えば戦後の荒廃時は、民主主義国として再構築を目指す中、日本に残る独特な封建的な制度・習慣がアメリカや西欧諸国と比較され批判的に検証された。
- For example, in the desolated days after the war, while Japan was aiming at reconstruction as a democratic nation, unique feudal system and custom left in Japan were critically inspected, being compared with those in the U.S. and the Western European countries.
- 千鶴子は鉛管の中の文字の透視を「成功」させたものの、それは山川の用意したものではなく、福来が練習用に千鶴子に与えたたものであったことが発覚。
- Chizuko succeeded in guessing the characters in a lead pipe; however, it was revealed that they were not what Yamakawa prepared, but what Fukurai gave her for practice.
- また、政宗は幕府軍と天下を賭けて戦うことになった場合には、という、幕府軍との決戦に備えた図上演習、すなわち作戦立案をしていたと言われている。
- It is considered that Masamune thought of the scenario of the decisive battle against the army of bakufu seeking for the reign of Japan, then he was preparing a draft tactical strategy on a map for this battle as 'an internal tentative strategy upon the order of the council of war of Sendai Domain.'
- 江戸時代初期の清水寺本堂が有名であるが、この特異な形式が生まれるにあたっては神仏習合、なかでも山岳仏教より生まれた修験道の影響が甚大である。
- Kiyomizu-dera Temple Main Hall during the early Edo period was a famous example in kake-zukuri, and syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, especially, Shugendo derived from Mountain Buddhism, significantly contributed to the development of this unique style.
- そのため、実戦においてはあまり役に立つものとは考えられておらず、高名な武将(加藤清正・福島正則など)であっても兵法を習ったというものは少ない。
- Therefore it was not considered practical in actual warfare, and even among famous busho (Japanese military commander) such as Kiyomasa KATO and Masanori FUKUSHIMA, few of them learned art of warfare.
- そこで皇帝が早い段階で後継者に帝位を譲って太上皇となり王室内の最高意思決定と対外(中国)交渉を行い、皇帝は内政一般を扱うという慣習が成立した。
- Such background brought about the custom under which an emperor would pass the throne on to the successor at an early stage, and became a retired emperor to act as the top decision maker and dealt with foreign policy (China), while the new emperor dealt with domestic affairs.
- したがって継受法としての律令法と、大化前代の固有法との間には断絶があって、固有の慣習法を基礎として成立した武家法制とは性格を異にする点が多い。
- Therefore, there is a disconnect between the ritsuryo law which is the adopted law and the inherent law from the pre-Taika era, and its nature differs in many ways from the samurai legal system which was established based upon unique common law.
- 岩倉、大久保らは、天皇を近代国家の主体的君主として育成するため、宮廷改革を行なって旧習を廃し、天皇親政体制への切り替えと君徳の培養に尽くした。
- Iwakura and Okubo put effort into abolishing the old system of the Imperial Palace and to establish a new system for the Emperor to rule the government directly, and to educate the Emperor to become the sovereign of the modern nation.
- かつては6月7日になると、付近の各村からそれぞれ20人ずつ男女が選ばれ、出没地である橋の上で踊り、人魂の主である霊を慰める風習があったという。
- They say there used to be a custom that twenty men and women selected from nearby villages danced on the bridge where the fire balls appeared in order to comfort the masters of the spirits every June 7.
- 常盤会(学習院女子部の同窓会)会長松平信子ら旧華族の女性たちの反発も強く、信子に対しては昭和天皇自ら了承を求めてようやく決着したとも言われる。
- Women of the former peerage, including Nobuko MATSUDAIRA, a chairman of the Tokiwa-kai Association (alumni association of The Gakushuin School Corporation Women's division), also opposed so strongly that the Emperor Showa personally got Nobuko's consent to solve the issue over the Crown Prince's marriage, it is reported.
- 織田信長が天皇家の邦慶親王を猶子にしていたのに習い、豊臣秀吉も公家の菊亭晴季の斡旋により、1586年に天皇家の智仁親王を猶子(ゆうし)とした。
- Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI adopted Imperial Prince Toshihito as a yushi through the mediation of Haresue KIKUTEI in 1586 following the way that Nobunaga ODA adopted Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi as his yushi.
- 衣裳人形は、江戸時代に武家の子女が嫁ぐ際に、婚礼の家財道具としても扱われる習わしがあり、人形にその災厄を身代りさせるという大切な役割もあった。
- There was a tradition of including Isho-ningyo costume dolls in the wedding trousseau of daughters of samurai in the Edo Period and the dolls played an important role in bearing the burdens or bad luck in place of the bride.
- 女面、少年面、青年面は一部を除いて何れも白塗りの厚化粧、引眉で、お歯黒を付けており、これらは何れも、能が成立した時代の習慣を残したものである。
- With some exceptions, all onnamen (female masks), shonenmen (boy masks), and seinenmen (male masks) have heavy shironuri (white makeup), hikimayu (painted eyebrows) and ohaguro (black painted teeth), all of which were common practices in the period when noh was established.
- そして帰国後、そこで習得した西洋料理のコンソメと中国風鶏のスープをアレンジし、1905年に博多水炊きを完成させたのが起源であるという説もある。
- After he came back to Japan, he is said to have arranged Western consomme and Chinese chicken soup that he had learned there to make the original Hakata mizutaki in 1905.
- ちょっとした客をもてなすために、あるいは年越し蕎麦を一家で食べるために、町内の蕎麦屋から出前を取る風習は古く、江戸時代から見られるものである。
- The custom of having soba delivered to entertain a visitor or to eat toshikoshi-soba (buckwheat noodles eaten on the New Year's Eve) with family goes back a long way and it has been around since the Edo period.
- 日本の風俗から外れた、海外の魔物を「妖怪」と呼び習わすのは、こうした日本以外の文化が様々な時代に流入し、ある程度の歴史を持っているからである。
- The reason why overseas demons, that are foreign to the Japanese mode of life, are called 'yokai' is that such non-Japanese cultures flowed into Japan during various periods, and they possess a certain amount of history.
- その「型」を習得できない者は、たとえ実際の血縁関係に基づく次世代の人間でも後継者とは認められない場合もあり得た(世阿弥『風姿花伝』別紙口伝)。
- It was possible not to be accepted as the successor if he/she couldn't master the 'Kata', even if he/she was someone from the next generation of the blood relationship (Besshikuden of 'Fushikaden' written by Zeami)
- 具体的には日本の民間信仰である古神道に、密教や道教の陰陽五行思想などとの習合した様々な信仰において、祈願祈念や感謝や慰霊の記念として建てた碑。
- Specifically, the mound is a monument erected to offer prayers, to express gratitude, or as a memory of memoria service, in various faiths constituted through syncretization of the Ancient Shinto (a Japanese folk religion) with esoteric Buddhism and Inyo gogyo shiso (Yin-Yang Wu-Hsing Idea) of Taoism.
- しかし、これも、武器の先端を折りとって副葬品として棺内に埋納するという風習があったのではないかといった反論がだされており、決着はついていない。
- However there is a counter argument that there could be a custom to bury tip of weapons as burial goods inside the coffin and the argument has not yet been settled.
- 例えば、幼少期の家康を駿河国に留め置いたのは今川家の準一門扱いとして厚遇であり、人質というよりも「政務見習い」として預けられたという物である。
- For example, there is a theory that the Imagawa family placed little Ieyasu under their custody in Suruga Province, treating him as a member of their junichimon (associate family), and Ieyasu was left to Yoshimoto's care as 'an apprentice of the government affairs,' rather than as a hostage.
- 結城落城の際、公方家の近習であった大塚匠作から一子・番作に託され、番作はその死に際して子の犬塚信乃にこの刀を滸我公方成氏に献上することを託した。
- It was entrusted by Shosaku INUZUKA, kinju (attendant) serving the kubo family, to his only son Bansaku at the time of the fall of Yuki-jo Castle, and Bansaku, on the verge of death, entrusted it to his son Shino INUZUKA and asked him to present it to Nariuji the Koga kubo.
- 江戸時代に戸籍管理を目的として、仏教宗派のいずれかの寺院か、神社への帰属が義務付けられた事によって様々な習慣が生まれたが、今は希薄となっている。
- In the Edo period, for the purpose of family registration control the public were required to belong to a temple of any sect or a shrine, which gave rise to various customs but those customs have become less common today.
- キリスト教・仏教などの世界宗教にも祭礼がみられるが、教義より儀式・慣習によるところが大きい点で祭の要素は本質的に民族宗教に顕著であるともいえる。
- Rites and festivals are also seen in the world religion such as Christianity, Buddhism and so on, but, from the viewpoint of greatly depending on ceremonies and conventions rather than creeds, it is possible to say that the element of matsuri was especially pronounced in the racial religion.
- インドには豆類と各種スパイスで作る「ポディ」(Podi)というふりかけ状の保存食品があり、日本と同様に炊いた米飯にかけたりして食べる習慣がある。
- In India, there is a furikake-like preserved food called 'Podi' that is made of beans and various spices, which is sprinkled on top of steamed rice just like in Japan.
- このとき第7代将軍・足利義勝から諱偏諱授与の風習を受けて勝元と名乗り、叔父の細川持賢に後見されて摂津国、丹波国、讃岐国、土佐国の守護職となった。
- At the same time, in accordance with the custom of being granted the right to use a portion of the superior's real name, he borrowed one of the characters from Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA, who was the seventh shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate, and thus called himself Katsumoto; and supported by the guardianship of his uncle, Mochikata HOSOKAWA, he became the shugo-shiki (the rank of military governor) of the provinces of Settsu, Tanba, Sanuki and Tosa.
- 当初は練習機を備えて機上練習も可能だったが、昭和19年1月に初歩練習隊として第二美保海軍航空隊(だい2みほかいぐんこうくうたい)として独立した。
- In the beginning, it had trainer airplanes for onboard training, but in January 1944, it became an independent elementary training corps called 'the second Miho Naval Air Corps'.
- 室町幕府9代征夷大将軍足利義尚に仕えた(近習とも祐筆とも)が、義尚の陣没(延徳元年、1489年)後出家し、摂津国尼崎または山城国薪村に隠棲した。
- Although he had served (as kinju [attendant] or yuhitsu [private secretary]) Yoshinao ASHIKAGA, the ninth Seitaishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the eastern barbarians') in the Muromachi Period, he became a priest after Yoshinao died in battle (in 1489) and led a secluded life in Amagasaki of Settsu Province and Takigi-mura Village of Yamashiro Province.
- 今昔物語集の「安倍晴明忠行に随いて道を習いし語」によれば、ある時忠行が内裏より自邸に帰宅途中、牛車の外にいた供の幼少の安倍晴明に呼び起こされた。
- According to the '安倍晴明忠行に随いて道を習いし語''Story of ABE no Seimei's learning the way under Tadayuki' in the 'Konjaku Monogatari (Shu),' one day, when Tadayuki was on the way back home from the Imperial Palace, he was waken up by young attendant ABE no Seimei, who was outside the gissha (ox-drawn carriage).
- 古武士的な風貌に加え、和歌や漢詩に長じ、息子を旅順戦で亡くしたり、乃木の後任として学習院長を務めるなどの経歴から「薩摩の乃木大将」の異名を持つ。
- He had another name of 'Army General NOGI of Satsuma' from his excellent knowledge about Waka (Japanese poetry) and Chinese poetry, his past of losing his son in the Battle of Lushun and his career of being Principal of the Gakushuin School Corporation in succession to NOGI in addition to his ancient-warrior look.
- 長く防衛大学校茶道部などで習流してきたが、平成18年に初代家元秋野月紫が亡くなり、防衛大学校茶道部はその後継者として表千家流を迎えることとなった。
- After being commonly practiced for a long time at Sado club (a tea ceremony club) in the National Defense Academy, the school decided to receive a new head from the Omotesenke school as a successor to their first head, Gesshi AKINO (秋野月紫), when he died in 2006.
- 江戸時代になると、応仁の乱以後の服飾習慣が固定化してしまい、公家社会でも高位の女官や大きな行事でもない限り、袿が着られることはなくなってしまった。
- By the Edo period, post Onin War customs had become fixed, and even in the court noble society, uchiki was worn only at a large event or by high-ranking court ladies.
- また即位礼の習礼で皇族が使用し(このときは立烏帽子・指袴(切袴)・烏皮履を使用)、また神宮祭主など、皇族が神職をつとめる場合に使用例があるという。
- A konoshi is also worn by the Imperial Family during the rehearsal for the enthronement ceremony (on this occasion it is worn with a tateeboshi (formal headwear with a peak), a sashiko (hakama on which the sashinuki hem reaches the ankles and is not tied) and uhiri (black leather shoes)), and when members of the Imperial Family serve as Shinto priests such as the head priest of Ise-jingu Shrine.
- 歴史的には能楽や女歌舞伎の舞台で秀でた女性に「太夫」(舞太夫、能太夫)の称号が与えられたことから、嶋原の太夫は舞踊を習得していることが必須である。
- Historically, the title of 'Tayu' (Bu dayu and Noh dayu) has been awarded to those females who excelled in Noh plays and women's kabuki, and accordingly, the tayu in Shimabara are required to master classical Japanese dance.
- そのためには現職左大臣であった元皇族の源兼明を皇族に戻して(当時、左大臣は皇族が就けない慣習であった)頼忠をその後任として昇格させる必要があった。
- In order for Kanemichi to accomplish the above, he needed to have MINAMOTO no Kaneakira return to the Imperial family, (at that time there was a custom that the Imperial family was not allowed to become Sadaijin) and promote Yoritada as his successor.
- この頃から京都では、下京にあった藪内家を下流と呼び、これに対して上京の三千家をひとまとめに上流と呼ぶ習慣があり、同流儀の三家として認識されていた。
- At around this time in Kyoto, there was a custom of referring to Yabunouchi family in Shimogyo as the Shimo School and the Sansenke in Kamigyo as the Kami School, and the three households were recognized as a single school.
- 防空演習では、女性はもんぺなどの活動的な衣服を着用して防空演習に参加するよう推奨されたため、女性の多くが防空演習に参加するときにもんぺを着用した。
- As women were encouraged to participate in air-raid drills in active clothes like Monpe, lots of women wore Monpe during the air-raid drills.
- 江戸時代には15日すなわち「望(もち)の日」の粥という語が転じて「餅(の日)」の粥と解せられ、小豆粥に餅に入れて食べる風習も行われるようになった。
- In the Edo period, porridge eaten on the 15th day, namely '望の日' (mochi-no-hi: mochi written as 望 means a full moon, and mochi-no-hi means the day of the full moon, i.e. every 15th day of the lunar months) was somehow differently interpreted as porridge of '餅(の日)' (mochi(-no-hi): mochi written as 餅 means rice cake), and people started a new custom of eating azuki-gayu with rice cakes in it.
- 一説に、ここから「亀は万年の齢を経、鶴は千代をや重ぬらん」と謡う能楽の「鶴亀」などに受け継がれ、さらに、鶴亀を縁起物とする習俗がひろがったとする。
- According to one theory, a Noh play called 'Tsurukame' (Crane and Turtle), in which a turtle lived for ten thousand years, while a crane had a life of a thousand years, was created from this version of the story, and the custom of having a turtle or crane as a good luck charm spread as a result of this.
- 設置された都市の薬種問屋の代表は事前に江戸に集められ、本草学者丹羽正伯の講習を受けるとともに和薬種取締の基準・方法について意見の提出を求められた。
- The representatives of wholesale drug companies in those cities had been summoned to Edo beforehand, where they attended a lecture by Shohaku NIWA, a scholar of herbalism, and were required to submit their opinions on the standards and measures for controlling domestic materials of medicines.
- 明治13年(1880年)、専修学校(現・専修大学)の創設に協力し、京橋区の福澤の簿記講習所、また木挽町の明治会堂を専修学校の創立者4人に提供した。
- In 1880, Yukichi cooperated in founding Senshugakko (present Senshu University) by providing his bookkeeping school in Kyobashi Ward and Meiji Kaido in Kobikicho for the four founders of Senshugakko.
- 小楠は、「公共」性・「公共」圏を実現するために、「講習討論」「朋友講学」といった身分階層を超えた討議を政治運営のもっとも重要な営為として重視した。
- Shonan emphasized the debate such as 'Koshu Toron' and 'Meiho Kogaku', which were beyond status hierarchy, as the most important agency for the management of politics to represent 'public' nature and 'public' area.
- 明治6年(1873年)には上京し、政府に出仕して内閣顧問、翌7年には左大臣となり、旧習復帰の建白を行うが、政府の意思決定からは実質的に排除された。
- In 1873, he went to Kyoto and served for the government as Cabinet Adviser and he assigned Sadaijin (minister of the left) and made a petition for the restoration of old customs in the following year, 1874, but he was practically excluded from political decisions.
- 諸経を学習後、医生40人のうち24人が体療(内科)、6人が創腫(外科)、6人が少小(小児科)、4人が耳目口歯の専門科目に分かれ、他もこれに準じた。
- After studying these textbooks, students advanced to the professional course, and for example, in the case of 40 students of medicine, 24 students advanced to the course of 'tairyo' (internal medicine), 6 to the course of 'soshu' (surgery), 6 to the course of 'shosho' (pediatrics), and 4 to the course of ear, eye, mouth, and tooth.
- 修学院離宮は上御茶屋(かみのおちゃや)、中御茶屋(なかの-)、下御茶屋(しもの-)と呼び習わす3か所の庭園からなり、面積は54万平方メートルに及ぶ。
- Shugakuin Imperial Villa consists of three gardens called Kami no O-chaya, Naka no O-chaya, Shimo no O-chaya, and it is 540.000 square meters in area.
- ただ、最晩年の明治44年(1911年)に軍事演習閲兵中の姿を遠くから隠し撮りした写真が残っており、これが明治天皇が最後に撮影された姿と言われている。
- When it was his last year in 1911, the Emperor's photograph was secretly taken from a distance while he was reviewing troops on the military exercise, this was said to be the last photograph taken before he died.
- 後世、神仏習合の教説で蔵王権現と同一視されたため、明治時代の神仏分離以降に、従来蔵王権現を祭神としていた神社で安閑天皇を祭神とし直したところが多い。
- In future generations, as Emperor Ankan was identified with Zao Gongen (the principal image of the Kimpusen Zaodo, and the highest worship object of the Shugendo) according to the teaching of syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, the Shinto shrines which conventionally assumed Zao Gongen as an enshrined deity, replaced Zao Gobgen with Emperor Ankan as an enshrined deity after the separation of Buddhism and Shintoism in the Meiji Period.
- 柊鰯(ひいらぎいわし)とは、節分に、魔除けとしてヒイラギの小枝と焼いたイワシの頭を門口に挿したものをいい、柊鰯を挿すのは古くからの日本の習慣である。
- Hiiragi-iwashi is a holly sprig with a baked sardine's head, and Japanese people have a time-honored custom of putting Hiiragi-iwashi at their door on Setsubun (the traditional end of winter) to ward off evil spirits.
- かつて中国において、カワウソは捕らえた魚を並べてから食べる習性があり、その様はまるで人が祭祀を行い、天に供物を捧げる時のようであると信じられていた。
- It was once believed in China that otters have the habit of eating their fish by catching them and then lining them up, which resembled the way humans performed saishi (religious service) with offerings toward the sky.
- 木棺のうち刳りぬき式のものは、巨木を縦に二つに割って、それぞれ内部を刳りぬき、蓋と身とが作られたものと考えられ、「割竹式木棺」と呼び習わされている。
- A hollowed out wooden coffin is called a 'Sakitake-shiki mokkan' (split bamboo type wooden coffin) and made of a big tree which is divided into two pieces; the inside of both pieces is then hollowed out and became a cover and body of the coffin.
- また、近年では各種生活習慣病を予防する観点などから、栄養士の指導の元、野菜類などを多めに入れ、栄養バランスに配慮したものを作っている部屋も珍しくない。
- In recent years, from the viewpoint of the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases, many sumo stables use more vegetables to cook nutritiously-balanced chankonabe under the dietician's instructions.
- 織部の弟子である小堀遠州は作庭の名人として知られるが、席中の花と庭園の花が重複することは興を削ぐとして禁止し、以後の茶道界の大部分で慣習となっている。
- Enshu KOBORI, a disciple of Oribe, known as the master of landscape gardening, forbade overlapping of the flowers in a tea ceremony and those in the garden as it would spoil the interest, consequently it became a custom in most of the later tea ceremony world.
- 中でも六朝書風から脱皮して晋唐書風に傾倒した丹羽海鶴が文部省教員検定試験委員(習字科)になり、学校の書道教育の基準を初唐の三大家におくことを提唱した。
- In particular, Kaikaku NIWA who devoted himself to the calligraphic style of the Jin and Tang dynasties), riding himself of the six-dynasty style, became an examiner of teacher qualification tests at the Ministry of Education (for the category of calligraphy), and advocated placing the standards for calligraphic education on the styles of the three great calligraphers in the early Tang period.
- 当時の文書において「当国之例」といわれるような慣習法は、このような必要に基づくものであって、それは本所法とならんで、中世の武家法の基盤の一つとなった。
- The common law called 'tokoku no rei' appearing in texts of those days, was based on such necessity, and together with honjo law, became one of the foundations of medieval samurai law.
- 日本の飴細工では手袋を使う伝統がほとんど見られず、豆炭で熱せられた熱いままの飴を素手で練り加工していくので、火傷の危険とは隣り合わせの技術習得となる。
- In Japanese amezaiku, craftsmen did not put on gloves traditionally and kneaded and shaped hot candy heated on mametan (oval charcoal briquette) with bare hands, where the acquisition of technique goes hand in hand with the danger of burns.
- 「国樔」は「国主」「国栖」とも書き、奈良時代以前の日本各地に散在していた非農耕民で、その特異な習俗のため大和朝廷からは異種族扱いされていた人々である。
- The term 'Kuzu' (国樔) is also written as '国主' or '国栖' which meant nonagricultural people who spread to various places of Japan before the Nara period and were regarded as a different race by Yamato Dynasty because of their particular culture.
- 日本人の一般的な食習慣では、起床から出勤・登校するまでの気忙しく限られた時間内にとる必要のある朝食は、三食の中で、最も質・量ともに軽い品目で済ませる。
- As a typical Japanese dietary habit, breakfast taken within a busy and limited time after waking up before leaving home for school or work is the lightest meal among three meals in a day in terms of both quality and quantity.
- これに対し四条中納言は、当時歌を詠まれれば返歌を行うのが礼儀であり習慣であったにも関らず、狼狽のあまり返歌も出来ずに立ち去ってしまい恥を掻いたという。
- On the contrary, Shijo Chunagon, who was so upset that he left without making a reply poem, disgraced himself in public, because it was against etiquette or custom in those days not to make a reply poem for the person who first composed a poem.
- ただし、そうした場合には技術・学術が実際に継承されているという点が重要視されており、そうした技術が衰退すれば世習の家柄でも子孫への継承が困難となった。
- However, in these cases, it was important that the actual techniques and knowledge were passed down, but if such techniques had declined, passing down the position was difficult even for a descendant of a hereditary family.
- ただし、九州地方の一部では、初期の突取式捕鯨期には鯨油生産のみが行われて食用習慣が無く、皮下脂肪以外の鯨肉は沖合いに運んで廃棄していたという記録もある。
- However, in some parts of Kyushu, whales were only for producing oil and were not eaten in the hand-harpooning whaling era, and the record remains that the whale meat except subcutaneous fat were carried off the coasts and were dumped there.
- 能楽協会は、この四座一流に所属していた諸流派の系譜を継ぐ能楽師たちのうち、素人の習い事としての能楽ではなく、能楽上演を職業とする者が所属する団体である。
- Nogaku Kyokai is an organization for the nogakushi who have inherited those schools that were part of Yamato-shiza and who are professionally involved in Noh performances, not the kind taken as a lesson by amateurs.
- もしこの慣習が続いていれば、例えば三笠宮崇仁親王の長男である寬仁親王は「三笠若宮」、秋篠宮文仁親王の長男である悠仁親王は「秋篠若宮」と称することになる。
- If the custom continued, then for example Imperial Prince Tomohito, the eldest son of Imperial Prince Mikasanomiya Takahito would be called 'Mikasa no Wakamiya' and Imperial Prince Hisahito, the eldest son of Imperial Prince Akishinonomiya Fumihito would be called 'Akishino no Wakamiya'.
- 書道とは、この文字の美的表現法を規格あるしつけのもとに学習しながら、実用として生活を美化し、また趣味として心を豊かにし、個性美を表現していくことである。
- Shodo is to learn this aesthetic expression of characters under standardized training, beautify life with actual use, enrich spiritually as a pastime, and express individual beauty.
- ただし、成立に関していえば、第1類本である学習院大学図書館蔵本が源頼朝の死(正治元年・1199)に関する記事を含んでいるので、これ以降であることは確実。
- However, it is certain that the work was completed at least after 1199, when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo passed away, because the manuscript of the first edition which is owned by Gakushuin University Library contains an article concerning the death of Yoritomo.
- 藩の永田敬蔵(桐陰)・小島廣厚(天楽)から儒学を学ぶ一方、文化 (元号)13年(1816年)には京都に出て、竹中文輔のもとで3カ年間医術習得にはげんだ。
- While learning Confucianism from 永田敬蔵(桐陰)and 小島廣厚(天楽), Genpo visited Kyoto in 1816 to study medicine under Bunpo TAKENAKA for three years.
- このため、初期の本所法も本所である権門の出自に属する公家法や寺社法、それに現地の慣習法や国衙が定めた国例などの地域独自の規定に拘束される場合が多かった。
- For this reason, the early honjo law was often constrained by court noble law and Jisha-ho (laws regarding shrines and temples) that governed the classes to which the honjo had originally belonged as the influential families, as well as by regionally specific regulations, such as local common law or Kokurei (a common law based on actual state of affairs in each area), which was enacted by the kokuga.
- 石川県の金沢市には正月に色とりどりの辻占煎餅を、縁起物として家族で楽しむ風習があり、現在も和菓子店における辻占の製作風景は、年末恒例の風物詩となっている。
- In Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, there is a custom that the whole family enjoy colorful tsujiura-senbei as good lucky charms, and even now the scene of tsujiura production in Japanese sweets shops is a special feature at the year end.
- さらにここの見学者は希望により大正琴の演奏を体験でき、これをきっかけに本格的に大正琴を習い始めたい場合はスタッフが全国各地の琴伝流講師陣を紹介してくれる。
- Visitors to this place, if they wish, will have an opportunity to perform taishogoto, and if visitors want to start learning taishogoto, the staff will introduce instructors of Kinden school from various places nationwide.
- 一条天皇の母后である皇太后藤原詮子が東三条院の女院を受けることがきっかけとなり、朝廷では皇后や皇太后、太皇太后などの三后にも、院号を贈ることが慣習化した。
- The Empress Dowager, 'FUJIWARA no Senshi', who was Emperor Ichijo's mother, got a title of Nyoin as Higashi Sanjoin, which started a custom that Ingo was conferred on three Empresses: the Empress, the Empress Dowager, and the Grand Empress Dowager, in the Imperial Court.
- 西洋の画家たちが近代的な表現技法に行き詰まりを感じているなか、日本のアートは彼らの心理を、伝統に束縛された慣習から解き放ったひとつの契機となったのである。
- In a period when painters in the West reached a deadlock in modern expression techniques, an encounter with Japanese art became an opportunity to free their minds from the customs restrained by tradition.
- ただし、日曜日にローストビーフを焼く習慣が失われた現在は、家庭料理としてのカレーはほぼ廃れており、たまに食堂の日替わりメニューに登場する程度になっている。
- However, now that the tradition of roasting beef on Sundays is lost, curry as a home-cooked meal has mostly died out, only appearing at restaurants as the special of the day.
- また大蛇が毎年娘をさらって行ったということは、神に対して一人の処女が生贄としてささげられていたということであり、その野蛮な風習を廃しえたことも表している。
- Kidnap of a girl by the monster serpent also represents a virgin offered up as a sacrificial victim to the god, which also means that people abolished the uncivilized manners.
- 安土桃山時代に入り、やや平和な世の中になると、知識者階級において、「美しい筆跡を手習の手本にしたい」、「鑑賞のために手に入れたい」という願望がおきてきた。
- When the world became more peaceful in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, intellectuals wanted to 'have beautiful handwritings for practice in penmanship' or 'obtain them for appreciation'.
- 『武野燭談』に拠れば、家綱の将軍就任から間もない幼少期のことであるが、江戸城天守閣へ登った際、近習の者が遠眼鏡をすすめたが、「自分は少年ながら将軍である。
- According to the 'Buyashokudan,' during Ietsuna's childhood, when he went up to the keep of Edo-jo Castle shortly after his assuming the position of Shogun, an attendant invited him to look through a telescope, but Ietsuna refused, saying, 'Even though I am young, I am still a Shogun.
- 安政5年(1858年)、吉田の推挙により幡多郡奉行、文久元年(1861年)には御近習目付、その後は普請奉行として活躍するが、翌年に吉田が暗殺されるや失脚。
- In 1858, with Yoshida's recommendation, he became a Bugyo, a magistrate of Hata district, and in 1861, he was promoted to a Gokinju metsuke (inspector of attendants) and later became a Fushin bugyo (shogunate administrator of activities by a community, such as cleaning or fixing stone wall), however, he fell from power after the assassination of Yoshida.
- 大日本帝国憲法制定に際し、伊藤博文は『憲法義解』の中で「官が家に属し、族によって職を世襲」する陋習(すなわち、家職)を臣民権利義務規定に反するものとした。
- Upon the ratification of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, Hirobumi ITO wrote in the 'Kenpo Gikai' that the custom of 'officials affiliated with an Ie and passing down positions amongst their clan,' in other words, Kashoku, was against the rights and obligations of the people.
- 元々、江戸時代には若年者が着用する振袖の長い袖を結婚後に留めて短くし、身八口を縫い留める習慣があり、これらの着物を柄いきに関わらず全て「留袖」といっていた。
- Originally, there was a custom according to which the long sleeves of furisode, which were worn by young women, were held up after marriage and the miyatsuguchi (small opening in the side of some traditional Japanese clothing) was sewed up; these types of kimono were collectively called 'tomesode' regardless of the patterns.
- 藍ほどではないが福知山と蚕の歴史を伝えるため、藍と同じく一部の学校では総合的な学習の一環として、蚕の飼育やビデオ鑑賞でその生態などを学ばせる学校も存在する。
- Although not as active as indigo dyeing, there are some schools which offer lessons on how to breed silk worms and how they live, through videos as part of the overall curriculum, in order to teach the history of Fukuchiyama and silk worms, much like indigo dyeing.
- 熊野講もちとは宿や宿坊で樫杵を使って数人でもちをつく習俗をいい、関東ベエ・奥州ベエが故郷で組織していた熊野講の習慣が持ち込まれたものであると考えられている。
- Kumano-ko mochi was a custom of pounding mochi (rice cake) with an oak pounder at an inn or lodging, and presumably it was a custom which had been developed in the provinces of kanto-be and oshu-be by the members of Kumano-ko (religious associations of Kumano shrines) and later brought by them to Kumano, the home of Kumano-ko.
- 飯田「数え方もひとしお」(前出)でも、吉野昇雄による解説を引用して、戦後になってすしが小さくなってから、2つずつ提供する習慣になったと言う説を採用している。
- Citing explanations made by Yasuo YOSHINO, 'All the More for Counting Expressions' (stated above) written by IIDA, also adopted a theory that serving in pairs became a custom when the size of Nigiri-zushi got smaller after the war.
- 秀吉は髭が薄かったため、付け髭をしていたという有名な説がある(ただ当時の戦国武将が髭を蓄えるのは習慣であり、薄いものが付け髭をするのは普通のことであった)。
- There is a famous view that Hideyoshi wore a false mustache because he wore little actually (it was a custom for warlords at that age to wear mustache so that a person who wore less mustache usually wore false mustache).
- これは氏族社会における血縁関係者に課された集団責任・連帯責任が、氏族社会の崩壊と地縁による社会形成に伴って転換されて慣習法化されたものであると言われている。
- This has been said to be the group responsibility/collective responsibility imposed on people in a blood relationship in a clan society, that changed into a common law, following the collapse of a clan society and social shaping by territorial connections.
- 埼玉県稲荷山古墳出土の金錯銘鉄剣銘文からも、古墳時代当時、地方の豪族の子弟らが若い頃にヤマトへ行き、大王に奉仕する慣習があったのではないかと推測されている。
- It is also assumed from an iron sword with gold-inlaid inscriptions excavated from the Inariyama-kofun Tumulus in Saitama Prefecture that there was a custom in the Tumulus period in which young people of local ruling families went to Yamato Province to serve Yamato Okimi.
- こうした風習は民間にも広まり、年始に親類縁者や友人知人を招いて馳走することを「椀飯振舞」「節振舞」と呼び、これが転じて「大盤振舞」という言葉の語源となった。
- Such customs spread to the public and the act of inviting relatives and friends at the beginning of the year was called 'Oban burumai,' 'Sechi burumai,' and this is said to be the origin of 'Oban burumai (being generous).'
- なおこれらの名称は慣習や流儀によってさまざまに混用されており、斬組をカケリと称したり、カケリや立廻りをもイロエに含んだりすることもあるので、注意が必要である。
- However, we have to be careful when we use these names as they are called in different ways according to traditions or styles and kirikumi is sometimes called kakeri, or kakeri and tachimawari are included in iroe.
- 東海地方には他に尾州久田流があり、大高(現在名古屋市緑区 (名古屋市))の下村実栗が6代宗参の弟子の栄甫から久田流を習得した後、独自発案を含めて創流したもの。
- In the Tokai region, there was also the Bishu Hisada school, and after Mitsuyoshi SHIMOMURA in Otaka (Midori Ward in present day Nagoya City) studied the teachings of the Hisada school under Eiho, a student of the sixth generation grandmaster Sosan, he established his own independent school.
- 明治時代に入って文明開化の世となり、西洋の演劇に関する情報も知られるようになると、歌舞伎の荒唐無稽な筋立てや、興行の前近代的な慣習などを批判する声が上がった。
- As information about Western theatres was introduced to Japan thanks to the civilization and enlightenment movement during the Meiji period, criticisms were voiced at Kabuki for its far-fetched scenarios and outdated performance practices.
- 総じて自己主張を抑える奥ゆかしさが美徳とされ、周りとの軋轢を避けようとする「和」の観念から、他の民族とは違った日本独特の人間関係における慣習や礼儀が見られる。
- In general, Japanese people think that a modest attitude of keeping down self-assertiveness is a virtue, and have a concept of 'harmony' of trying to avoid conflict with surrounding people, and therefore, Japanese people have customs and etiquette in human relationships which are unique and are not owned by other races.
- この決定を受けてソビエトに対しては7月7日いわゆる関東軍特種演習を発動し、演習名目で兵力を動員し、独ソ戦争の推移次第ではソビエトに攻め込むという作戦であった。
- In response to this decision, on July 7, the so-called Kwantung Army Special Maneuvers was started, in which troops, under the pretext of tactical training, were mobilized in preparation for an invasion of the Soviet Union, depending on how the German invasion was progressing.
- 1846年(弘化3年)、京都で広瀬元恭の時習堂に入門し、1848年(嘉永元年)には大坂の緒方洪庵の適塾で学び、さらに紀伊で華岡青洲が開いた春林軒塾に入門する。
- In 1846, he entered Genkyo HIROSE's Jishudo school in Kyoto, and then in 1848, he studied in the Tekijuku (the school of the Western studies) opened by Koan OGATA in Osaka and also entered Shunrinken (Medical school, hospital and accommodation in Edo period) founded by Seishu HANAOKA in Kii.
- その頃日本では禅宗が盛んになった鎌倉時代にあたり、中国禅宗の中心であったあった浙江の天目山 (浙江省)に留学した禅僧が喫茶の習慣とともにこれを日本に持ち帰った。
- As the ages of Sung corresponded to the Kamakura period in Japan when Zen sect was prosperous, Zen monks who went to Tenmokuzan (Zhejian Province) in Zhejian Province, which was the center of Chinese Zen sect, brought back the products to Japan together with the practice of drinking tea.
- 尚、昭和40年代に、この時期になると準備や亥の子歌の練習に夢中になり、宿題や勉強がおろそかになることなどから、学校が亥の子行事を禁止し廃れてしまった地域もある。
- During the period from 1965 to 1974, some schools prohibited Inoko events and the Inoko event was abolished because students were too preoccupied with preparation for the event or practice of Inoko songs to concentrate on their homework or to study.
- 1427年(応永34)には赤松義則死後の赤松氏の相続の際、所領を近習の赤松持貞に預けようとすると、赤松満祐が京を出奔して領国の播磨国へ下国する事件なども起こる。
- On the occasion of succession of the AKAMATSU clan after Yoshinori AKAMATSU died in 1427, Yoshimochi tried to leave the domain to his close aide Mochisada AKAMATSU, which made Mitsusuke AKAMATSU run away from Kyoto and go down to Harima, his governing province.
- その為、実際の雪中行軍に対して神成大尉は何も予備知識を持たないまま準備作業に入るが、準備作業としては、予行演習の日帰り行軍を小峠まで小隊編成で行ったのみである。
- Therefore, Captain Kannari started preparations, which was conducting only a single-day march to Kotoge in small troop as a preparatory exercise, without any advance knowledge.
- 大宰府の主神であった習宜阿曾麻呂は、偽って豊前国(大分県)の宇佐神宮より天皇の位を道鏡に譲れとの神託があったと道鏡に伝え、道鏡はこれを信じて皇位に就く志を抱く。
- SUGE no Asomaro who was a Dazai no Kanzukasa (Head Shinto Priest of Kyushu, stationed in Dazaifu) deceitfully informed Dokyo that there was an oracle message from Usa-jingu Shrine of Buzen Province (present-day Oita Prefecture) that Dokyo be made emperor, which led Dokyo, who believed the oracle, to laying claim to the imperial throne.
- 6歳の頃から近所の泉町にある延命院 (宇都宮市)で、時の住職・良快和尚の下で読書・習字・四書五経の素読を学び、この折筆写した蒲生氏の「移封記」が今も伝えられる。
- At the age of around six, he started to study reading, calligraphy, sodoku (reading aloud without comprehension) of shishogokyo (the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism, the Nine Chinese Classics) under a chief priest, Priest Ryokai, at Enmei-in Temple (in Utsunomiya City) in a neighbor town, Izumi-cho, and 'Ihoki' (the narrative of changing the territory) transcribed by Gamo in those days has been passed down to today.
- これは縄文人の体形と、農耕ではなく狩猟や採集を主とする穴居生活から連想されたものらしく、このような生活習慣の違いなどが人々からさげすまれた原因とも考えられている。
- It seems that the name tsuchigumo was associated with their physiques and the cave-dwelling life--mainly based on hunting and gathering instead of farming--of the Jomon people (in the Neolithic Age), and this association is supposed to be the cause of people's disdain for tsuchigumo.
- 以後恵方巻の習慣は、昭和初期の大阪では船場の商人の間で行なわれていたようで節分の「丸かぶり(切り分けずに「丸ごとかじりつく」の意)ずし」の広告チラシも作成された。
- It seems that later, the custom of ehomaki was conducted among merchants in Senba, Osaka in the early part of Showa period; the publicity leaflet of 'marukaburi zushi' ('marukaburi' means 'biting into the whole piece' without cutting it) for Setsubun was created.
- 西郷の書への影響については、重野安繹によれば、西郷は最初、福島半助という者から御家流を習った後、雪篷から書を学んだので、福島の和様と川口の唐様が混っているという。
- As for his influence on Saigo's calligraphy, according to Yasutsugu SHIGENO, at first Saigo learned Oie-ryu style (the Shorenin school which was very popular calligraphy of Japanese style) from Hansuke FUKUSHIMA, then learned calligraphy from Seppo, so Saigo's calligraphy was a mixture of Japanese style from Fukushima and Chinese style from Kawaguchi.
- 30歳のとき 田安宗武の子で白河藩主松平定邦の養子となった松平定信に認められ、その近習となり定信が隠居する文化 (元号)9年(1812年)まで定信付として仕えた。
- When he was 30 years old, he was accepted by Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, who was a son of Munetake TAYASU and became an adopted child of Sadakuni MATSUDAIRA, the lord of the Shirakawa Domain, and then he became his Kinju (attendant) and served Sadanobu until he retired in 1812.
- 交友関係では、学習院以来の武者小路実篤、細川護立、柳宗悦らの他、梅原龍三郎、安倍能成、広津和郎、安井曽太郎、谷川徹三ら、限定されつつも一流の文化人と交流があった。
- His circle of friends was limited, but composed of highly-cultured people of the first order; these included Saneatsu MUSHANOKOJI, who had been his friend since Gakushuin days, Moritatsu HOSOKAWA, Muneyoshi YANAGI, and others, as well as Ryuzaburo UMEHARA, Yoshishige ABE, Kazuo HIROTSU, Sotaro YASUI, and Tetsuzo TANIKAWA.
- 大永元年(1521年)、飯田河原の戦いで父・正成ら一族の多くが武田方の原虎胤に討ち取られ、家臣に伴われて小田原に落ち延びて北条氏綱の保護を受け、近習として仕えた。
- Many of the Kushima family including his father Masashige killed by Toratane HARA from the Takeda clan in the Battle of Iidagawara in 1521, then Tsunashige escaped to Odawara accompanied by his vassals to be protected by Ujitsuna HOJO, and began to serve him as kinju (attendant).
- しかし系図には疑うべき余地も多く、実際には源平合戦の際は井上一族では無く北安曇の仁科氏らと行動を共にしていたので、当時の慣習から見て別の一族であった可能性がある。
- However, because there are uncertain aspects of its genealogy and the Takanashi clan fought in the Genpei War along with the Nishina clan of northern Azumi, not the Inoue clan, the Takanashi clan probably doesn't belong to the Inoue clan, considering the custom of the time.
- 安喰善知の門人には、松江藩の支藩である母里藩10代藩主松平直哉の子で子爵となった松平直敬があり、学習院や皇室で茶の湯の指導にあたるなどして関東地方に雲州流を広めた。
- A disciple of Zenchi AJIKI, Naoyoshi MATSUDAIRA, who was a son of Naotoshi MATSUDAIRA of the 10th lord of the Mori Domain, a branch domain of Matsue Domain, and received the rank of viscount, spread Unshu-ryu school in the Kanto region by giving instructions on tea ceremony at the Gakushuin School Corporation and to the Imperial family.
- 正虎が明治19年(1886年)に死ぬと、市蔵は悔い改めて父の衣鉢を継ぐことを決意し、正虎の門弟たちに芸を習い、翌々年に10世千五郎(正重。後に2世千作)を襲名した。
- When Masatora died in 1886, Ichizo repented for his profligate life and decided to take on his father's mantle and learned the trade under Masatora's apprentices and succeeded as the 10th 'Sengoro' (Masashige, later the 2nd Sensaku).
- 三条西家の文書は、学習院大学、東京大学、国立公文書館、国立国文学歴史資料館、早稲田大学、カリフォルニア大学、天理大学、日本大学などの各研究機関に分散所有されている。
- Written documents of the Sanjonishi Family are variously housed in institutions such as Gakushuin University, the University of Tokyo, the National Archives of Japan, Kokuritsu Kokubungaku Rekishi Shiryoukan, Waseda University, University of California, Tenri University and Nihon University.
- またこの地区は「茨木」姓が多く、茨木姓の家では節分に豆をまかない習わしがあり、また家の屋根に破風を作るとその家では不良が出るので作らないという言い伝えがあるという。
- Moreover, there were many people in this region whose family name was 'Ibaraki,' and tradition among Ibaraki families of the area holds that they not throw soy beans at Setsubun (a demon-exorcising holiday elsewhere known throughout Japan for the custom of throwing beans), and that gables not be built on houses, since the building of gables on houses was thought to bring misfortune on the family.
- 算額奉納の習慣は、江戸中期に入ると全国的に盛行し、とくに寛政・享和・文化 (元号)・文政のころは最も隆盛し、1年に奉納数が100を越えたこともあったといわれている。
- The culture of dedicating sangaku prevailed nationwide in the mid-Edo Period, and particularly its popularity peaked in the Kansei, kyowa, Bunka and Bunsei eras (1789 to 1829) that, as records say, sometimes gathered more than 100 dedications annually.
- しかしながら皇后は夫の天皇亡き後に中継ぎの天皇として即位する可能性があるため皇族しか立后されないのが当時の慣習であったことから、長屋王は光明子の立后に反対していた。
- However, in those days it was a practice to install a member of the Imperial Family as the Empress because the Empress could ascend the throne as an interim emperor after the death of the Emperor (her husband) and therefore Nagayao opposed the installation of Komyoshi as the Empress.
- また「二の太刀いらず」で有名なジゲン流(薬丸自顕流や示現流)を習得した薩摩藩士の戦いぶりにおいて、その斬殺死体の殆どが袈裟切りを受けて即死に至っていたとされている。
- It is also said that most people killed by feudal retainers of the Satsuma Domain, who acquired the skill of Jigen School (Yakushimarujigen School and Jigen School), which is known for the phrase 'another blow is not necessary', were slashed to instant death by kesagiri (slashing diagonally from the shoulder).
- 和服のなかでは比較的安価であることから、別誂えの反物を染めて歌舞伎役者などが贔屓への配りものとすることも多かったが、最近ではこうした風習も徐々に少なくなりつつある。
- Because the yukata is comparatively inexpensive among the various kinds of Japanese clothing, kabuki players used to present to their patrons specially ordered rolls of dyed cloth for yukata, although in recent years that custom has become less frequently employed.
- ただし、地域領主である藩などを指して公儀と呼ぶ習慣も残り、幕府のことを「公儀の公儀」と認めて特に大公儀(おおこうぎ)とも呼ぶようになったのは寛永以後と言われている。
- However, the tradition to call the local landlord, or clan as Kogi remained and to recognize the bakufu as 'the kogi of kogi', it was especially called O-kogi (great official authority) after the Kanei Era.
- のちにこのことはすたれ、わずかに白馬の節会の翌日正月8日、新嘗祭の翌日11月中巳日に女王禄(3文字をオウロクとよむのが慣習)という式がおこなわれるにすぎなくなった。
- Subsequently, this custom of jifuku went out of fashion, except only the ceremonies of Oroku (allocations of cloth to imperial princesses without proclamation) held on January 8, the next day of Aouma-no-Sechie (the seasonal court banquet appreciating an auspicious white or light gray horse, held on January 7 every year) and on the day of snake in the middle of November, the next day of the Niiname-sai festival (a ceremonial offering by the Emperor of newly harvested rice to the deity).
- 浪人となった善次郎は父の知り合いのつてで、市村座の歌舞伎・狂言作者であった初代篠田金治(後の並木五瓶〈なみき ごへい〉)に狂言作者見習いとして師事することとなった。
- Zenjiro became a Ronin (masterless samurai) and, by the help of his father's connection, ended up studying as an apprentice for Kabuki playwright under kinji SHINODA the First (Later, Gohei NAMIKI), a Kabuki (traditional performing art) playwright of the Ichimura-za Theater.
- 元々崋山は貧しさをしのぐ目的もあり画業を始めたのだが、それが大きく花開き、また画業を習得する際に得た視野や人脈は、崋山の発想を大きくするために得がたいものとなった。
- Kazan had originally started painting partly for the purpose of supporting his family, but his talent brought great success, and the frame of reference and personal connections he obtained as he mastered painting were indispensable for enhancing his very original manner of thinking.
- 鋳造品では、中尊寺円乗院所蔵品として神仏習合思想を端的に示す『金銅釈迦如来像御正体』(重要文化財)、金色堂内陣長押に掛けられた『金銅華鬘』(国宝。金色院蔵)がある。
- 'Kondo Shaka Nyorai zo mishotai' (an important cultural property) possessed by Chuson-ji Temple Enjo-in that partly represents the thoughts of syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism and 'Kondo-Keman' (a national treasure, possessed by Konjiki-in Temple) are some of the casting products.
- 時代考証については1960年代まではお歯黒、引眉を行う場合が多かったが、すでに過去の習慣であり、また、お歯黒、引眉が不気味と思われる、等、現代人に受け入れられにくい。
- In jidaigeki, ohaguro (dyed-black teeth) and hikimayu (painted eyebrows) were often used up to the 1960s but to a modern audience these past customs look bizarre and are not readily accepted.
- しかしながら、鵞堂はこれに参画しながらも平安朝の草仮名を基底として独目の流麗なスタイルを案出し、婦人たちで習字をするものは、ほとんどこの組織で習うという盛況を呈した。
- However, although participating in these activities as well, Gado devised his own flowing writing style based on the so-gana characters of the Heian period, and this style became so popular that almost all of kana calligraphy-learning women participated in his association.
- 室町時代から戦国時代_(日本)にかけて三条通を境目として北側を上京(かみきょう)、南側を下京(しもきょう)と呼ぶ慣習が生まれ、上京と下京がそれぞれ別個の惣構を持った。
- From the Muromachi period to the Sengoku period (Japan), the custom arose of calling the area north of Sanjo-dori Street Kamikyo, and the area in the south of the street Shimokyo, with Kamikyo and Shimokyo each having their own sogamae (outer citadel).
- また、タイでは通常おにぎりに不適なインディカ米を主食としているが、もち米を主食とする東北部では球状にまとめた米飯を草の葉に包んで携行するという習慣が伝統的に見られる。
- In Thailand, indica rice usually unsuitable for onigiri is a staple food, while in the northeastern region where sticky rice is stale food, they have a custom to carry spherically-shaped cooked rice wrapping in grass leaves traditionally.
- また、問題になった鉛管実験の時、千鶴子は二つの鉛管を持っていたわけだが、千鶴子本人は、山川から預かった方は判らなかったので、代わりに練習用の方を透視したと語っている。
- In a lead pipe experiment which raised a controversy, Chizuko had two lead pipes, she herself said that she did not know the object in Yamakawa's pipe, so tried toshi on the object in the pipe for practice.
- しかし神祇信仰と習合しやすい呪術的要素を持ちながら国家護持や普遍性・抽象性を備えた教説を整えた中央の大寺院として諸国神宮寺の心を捉えたのが空海の伝えた真言宗であった。
- However, Kukai's Shingon sect of Buddhism attracted Jingu-ji Temples of various countries as a central large temple because it had magical essence, which was easy to combine with Jingi belief, as well as preaching a story, providing protection for the nation, universality, and abstractness.
- 一説には、世の中が安定期に入るにつれ文化に対する民衆の関心が高まり、娘に舞踊を習わせる習慣が生まれたが、その際に身振りを美しく見せるために袖を長大化させていったという。
- According to one theory, the onset of an era of peace and stability was accompanied by growing interest in cultural pursuits among the general populace, leading to the rise of a new custom of having one's daughters learn how to dance, and that kimono sleeves were lengthened during this time in order to show off one's motions more gracefully.
- 三瓶温泉の公衆浴場が1877年(明治10年)3月に出来てそちらの献立に取り入れられた事や明治後半に三瓶高原が陸軍演習場になり兵隊に食された事で広く知られるようになった。
- Sanbe soba became widely known due to some circumstances, for example, that it was introduced on the menu at the community bathhouse in Sanbe Hot Springs that opened in March 1877 and when the Sanbe Highlands became the Army Exercise Area in the late Meiji period whereby it was eaten by the soldiers there.
- 武士が国家の中心勢力としての地位を確立するにいたって、日本は大陸の儒教文化圏からは異なった、古武道と為政者がその習得を行うことに上位の価値を認める文化の形成を開始した。
- As the samurai class established its status as the core power of the nation, Japan began seceding from the Confucian cultural sphere and forming its own unique culture under which the ruler highly valued Kobudo and its training.
- 全体計画の完成には至らず、主に練習場の用途であったが、もう少し戦争が長引いていれば福知山市も空襲の対象になっていたのではないかともいわれるほど、当時の軍事拠点でもあった。
- The whole plan was never completed, and the airport was mainly used for practice, but, it is said that since Fukuchiyama was a military hub at the time, Fukuchiyama City may have been the target of an air attack if the war had persisted a bit longer.
- 大隅国(今の鹿児島県東部)では村中の男女が水と米を用意して生米を噛んでは容器に吐き戻し、一晩以上の時間をおいて酒の香りがし始めたら全員で飲む風習があることが記されている。
- There is a description about a custom in Osumi Province (present eastern area of the Kagoshima Prefecture) that all men and women prepared water and rice, chewed uncooked rice and regurgitated it to containers, and that after it began to smell of alcohol more than one night later, all of them drank it.
- また、アングロ・サクソン人アングロ・サクソン諸国のハロウィーンなどのように、世界宗教以前の信仰に基づくものや、世界宗教が伝来した各地で習合した形で伝わっている事例もある。
- In addition, like Halloween held by Anglo-Saxons in Anglo-Saxon countries, there are some festivals which are based on a belief before the world religion, or which are passed down in the form of syncretization in each place where the world religion was introduced.
- ハフト・スィーン haft sīn と呼ばれる、リンゴ(sīb)、ニンニク(sīr)、酢(serke)など単語の頭文字が س ではじまる物を7つ揃えて祝う習慣などがある。
- In Iran, there is a custom called haft sīn to celebrate the new year with seven items whose names all start with س, including apple (sīb), garlic (sīr), and vinegar (serke).
- 衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術及びこれらに用いられる衣服、器具、家屋その他の物件で我が国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの
- Manners and customs related to food, clothing and housing, to occupations, religious faiths, annual observances, etc., folk performing arts and folk techniques, and clothes, implements, houses and other objects used therefor, which are indispensable for the understanding of changes in our people's modes of life.
- 平家物語の題扉には「日本のことばとHistoriaを習ひ知らんと欲するひとのために世話にやはらげたる平家の物語」とあり、伊曽保物語、金句集で一つをなす日本語教育書であった。
- Heike Monogatari (The Tale of the Heike) which had a phrase on its title page saying 'this is a tale of the Heike [the Taira clan] to ease people who want to learn Japanese language and Historia,' and was a book that could be used to learn Japanese language along with Isoho Monogatari (Aesop's Fables [Esopo no Fabulas]) and Kinkushu (collection of good sayings).
- だが、家を保持継承するためには稽古を積み重ねて各分野における固有の「型」を習得する必要があり、その上で1代に1人もしくは少数にしか伝えられない口伝を伝授される必要があった。
- But to maintain and inherit such a family it was necessary to practice hard and master the specific 'Kata (form)' in the field and the 'Kata' was taught orally to one person or only a few people of a generation.
- また、陶磁器の普及までは木椀を使用しており(九州では陶磁器の普及により木椀を用いる習慣がほとんど失われた一方、東北地方では近代にいたるまで木椀を多用する文化が残っていた。)
- Wooden bowls had been popular until ceramic-ware became widely used (In Kyushu, the custom of using wooden bowls has almost been lost due to the wide use of ceramic-ware, but in the Tohoku region, the culture of using many wooden bowls remained until modern times.)
- 新鮮な獣や鳥の肉・魚を切り取って生のまま食べることは人類の歴史とともに始まったと言ってよいが、人類の住むそれぞれの環境に応じて、生食の習慣は或いは残り、或いは廃れていった。
- It is safe to say that humans have eaten raw meat and fish throughout their evolution, but the practice was either continued or abandoned by different groups depending on the environments in which they lived.
- 寺社勢力(じしゃせいりょく)とは日本中世において、武家政権・朝廷とともに権力を三分した、大寺院・神社(当時は神仏習合のために一体)による軍事・行政・経済・文化パワーである。
- Jisha seiryoku is a term describing the military, governmental, economical and cultural power of temples and shrines (at that time considered equivalent because of syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism), which shared power with the military government and Imperial Court during the Japanese middle ages.
- 京成電鉄が提供した千葉県千葉郡津田沼町谷津海岸(現在の習志野市谷津)の塩田地帯の約5万平方メートルの土地(のちの谷津遊園)に「阪東妻三郎プロダクション関東撮影所」を建設した。
- Using a location provided by Keisei Dentetsu (formally known as Keisei Electric Railway Co., Ltd.), Bando built 'Bando Tsumasaburo Productions' Kanto Studio' on the approximately five million-square-foot salt fields (later Yatsu-yuen amusement park) on the Yatsu Kaigan seacoast, Tsudanuma Town, Chiba County, Chiba Prefecture (present-day Yatsu, Narashino City).
- これより帯の巨大化に伴って帯を後ろ結びにする風習が若い娘から堅気の女性一般に広まり、より帯結びが複雑化し豪奢な帯が求められるなど、日本の服飾史にとっては大きな転回点となった。
- Since then, as the obi grew longer and bigger, the practice of tying it in the back spread from young ladies to decent women in general, and a more luxurious obi were sought as obi tying became more complex, resulting in a great turning point in the history of Japanese fashion.
- 各保存会、講・連によって、それぞれの曲の呼称は異なるであろうが、大阪市青協の地車囃子の講習会で1990年ごろに配られていた小冊子に基づいて、以下の用語を記すことを断っておく。
- Although the name of each piece of music differs depending on the preservation society, Ko and Ren, the words and terms below are based on the brochure which was produced in about 1990 at the training session of danjiri-bayashi hosted by Youth Groups committee in Osaka City.
- また、1765年に酒田市の豪商・本間家3代本間光丘は、京都の祇園祭山鉾巡行に習い、山王祭りを盛大にすることによって酒田の町を活性化させようと京都の人形師に山車製作を依頼した。
- Also in 1765, Mitsuoka HOMMA, the 3rd generation of the Homma family and a great merchant from Sakata City, asked a puppet maker in Kyoto for float production to stimulate the town of Sakata with a big Sanno Festival like Yamahoko-junko (a parade of beautifully decorated floats) of the Gion Festival in Kyoto.
- しかし、仏教の影響が強くなるにつれ、盆は仏教行事の盂蘭盆と習合して先祖供養の行事とし、対する正月は歳徳神を迎えてその年の豊作を祈る「神祭り」として位置付けられるようになった。
- However, as the influence of Buddhism became stronger, bon was combined with urabon, which is a Buddhist event, and became an event to hold a memorial service for one's ancestors while shogatsu was positioned to be a 'kami matsuri' (god festival) to pray for rich harvest of the year welcoming toshitoku-shin god (a god who controls the happiness of the year).
- 元治元年(1864年)、薩摩藩が設立した洋学教育学校「開成所」にて句読師となり、森有礼(初代文部大臣・明治六大教育家・商法講習所【現在の一橋大学】の創設者)等に英語を教える。
- In 1864, Kagenori became Kutoshi (a teacher of the elementary level) in 'Kaiseijo,' a Western studies education school, established by the Satsuma Domain and taught English to Arinori MORI (the first Minister of the Minister of Education, one of the Meiji six greatest educators, and the founder of the Commercial Training Institute [the present Hitotsubashi University]) and others.
- 現代においては「信長の寵愛した近習といえばまず第一に森蘭丸」と思われがちだが、当時の諸国や畿内政界においては「森乱」はまだまだ認知されておらず、大きな仕事も任されてはいない。
- Today people tend to think that 'when Nobunaga's favorite kinshu (attendant) is mentioned, first comes Ranmaru MORI who also known as 'Mori Ran''; however, in those days he had not yet been acknowledged within various districts nor the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara), nor had he been given any big assignment.
- これらは主にアニミズムを基盤としており社殿以前の磐座や山岳信仰などに顕著であるが、神仏習合の影響も受け形を変えて受け継がれているものも多い(道祖神と地蔵菩薩、えびす信仰など)。
- Folk religions are generally based on animism, and this aspect appears prominently in the previous belief style in sacred rock (iwakura) or mountain before the building for worship was constructed, and many of them changed their forms under the influence of syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism to be passed down to today (e.g., Doso-shin [traveler's guardian deity], Jizo Bosatsu [Ksitigarbha], and Ebisu worship).
- 正道官衙遺跡(国の史跡)や久世神社、水度神社(いずれも本殿は国の重要文化財)などの歴史的建築物を多数擁するほか、京都サンガF.C.の練習場であるサンガタウン城陽が置かれている。
- The city has a wealth of historic buildings such as the Shodo-kanga-iseki Ruins (ruins designated as a national historical relic site), the Kuse-jinja Shrine (its main shrine being designated as Important Cultural Property) and the Mito-jinja Shrine (its main shrine also being designated as Important Cultural Property), as well as Sanga Town Joyo, a training ground for Kyoto Sanga F.C.
- 西国三十三箇所の御詠歌は、宗派にもよるが近畿地方一円で死者を弔うために葬儀から四十九日法要まで親族によって毎夜唱えらたり、お盆の仏事において参加者全員で合唱する習慣などがある。
- There are some customs, although this may not be the case in some areas depending on which school to follow, being practiced throughout the Kinki region such as chanting of the goeika of the Saigoku Sanjusankasho by the family and relatives of the deceased every night until the memorial service for the forty-ninth day, and by all participants in Buddhist rites during the Obon festival.
- 豊臣政権末期の政情不安定期に公権力を漠然と公儀と呼ぶ慣習が生まれ、江戸時代に入ると統一政権で諸領主権力間の唯一の利害調整機関となった江戸幕府を指して公儀と呼ばれるようになった。
- Kogi became the general term for official authority in the period of governmental instability in towards the end of the Toyotomi administration, and in the Edo Period, Kogi started to indicate the Edo bakufu which was the only unified authority that mediated the power struggles among the feudal lords.
- 歴史的には、古代中国で旧暦10月亥の日亥の刻に穀類を混ぜ込んだ餅を食べる風習から、それが日本の宮中行事に取り入れられたという説や、古代における朝廷での事件からという伝承もある。
- Regarding the origin of this event, there are several theories including; it originated in the custom in China that they ate dumplings with grain mixed at the time of boar on the day of boar, which was adopted to a court function in Japan; it originated in an incident that occurred in the ancient Imperial Court.
- 背後には、「おれもかつてやらされたのだからお前もやれ」といった虐待連鎖に近い因習があり、また「自分も胸襟を開くのだからお前も開け」といった性急なコミュニケーション欲求があった。
- In the background, there was a convention like the cycle of abuse such as 'Drink it, because I was forced to drink it,' and a requirement for rapid communication as 'Open your heart to me because I open my heart to you.'
- 薩長同盟研究の動向については、桐野作人「同盟の実相と龍馬の果たした役割とは?」(『新・歴史群像シリーズ(4) 維新創世 坂本龍馬』学習研究社、2006年)が詳しくまとめている。
- For the trend of study on Satsuma-Choshu Alliance, refer to 'Reality of the Alliance and The Role Ryoma Played therein' by Sakujin KIRINO ('New Historical Figures Series (4) Creation of the Restoration Ryoma SAKAMOTO' GAKKEN, 2006).
- この演習の目的は、ロシア海軍の艦隊が津軽海峡(北海道と青森との間)に入り、青森の海岸沿いの列車が動かなくなった際に、日本海側と太平洋側から、それぞれ移動するための演習であった。
- The aim of that training was to move the troops from the Sea of Japan side and the Pacific side respectively assuming the fleets of the Russian navy had entered the Tsugaru Straits (between Hokkaido and Aomori) and the train on the coast of Aomori couldn't move.
- 職業の世襲という概念は氏姓制度の時代から存在しており、律令制度に入ってからも何世代にもわたって技能・学術を継承してきた「世習」の家柄を優先して技術系の官職に就ける事例があった。
- The concept of hereditary occupations existed from the time of the Shisei system, and even in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based upon the ritsuryo code), there were cases where families that had passed on techniques and knowledge down the generations had priority in obtaining technical official positions.
- 仏教、密教、ヒンドゥー教などのインド文化を起源とするものや五節句や二十四節気など中華文明の風俗習慣を起源に持つ物も存在し、それらが日本古来の神道と渾然一体となっているものもある。
- Some are derived from Indian culture such as Buddhism, Esoteric Buddhism and Hinduism, some originates from manners and customs of civilization in China such as five seasonal festivals and Nijushisekki (24 divisions of the old calendar), and in some cases these elements have been blended together with the Japanese traditional Shinto.
- また、大手にも関わらず漫画部門を持たなかった角川書店・徳間書店・学習研究社なども昭和末期(70年代末期から80年代)に参入、いわゆる「マニア向け」の漫画及び漫画誌が登場し始めた。
- In addition, major publishing companies which didn't have a comic department such as Kadokawa Group Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokuma Shoten Publishing Co., Ltd. and Gakushu Kenkyusha also entered into the comic market at the end of the Showa period (from the end of the 70s to the 80s), then so called 'geeky' comic books and comic magazines appeared.
- 1993年に「教育研究社FC京都パープルサンガ」(翌1994年にサンガの練習生を中心に結成したチーム「FC京都BAMB1993を分離)とアマチュアの「京都紫光クラブ」に分割した。
- In 1993, the club was divided into two teams: one was 'Kyoikukenkyusha FC Kyoto Purple Sanga' (from which 'FC Kyoto BAMB 1993' was separated in the next year, 1994, and which was organized mainly by the trainees of Sanga), and the other was the amateur 'Kyoto Shiko Club.'
- 「安倍晴明」(あべのせいめい←はるあき)、「赤松則祐」(あかまつそくゆう←のりすけ)、「木戸孝允」(きどこういん←たかよし)、などと同様に慣習的に音読されることが多い人物である。
- His name is often read in the 'on' reading style as well as Haruaki ABE (ABE no Seimei in the 'on' reading), Norisuke AKAMATSU (Sokuyu AKAMATSU in the 'on' reading) and Takayoshi KIDO (Koin KIDO in the 'on' reading).
- 7月頃、宇佐神宮の神官を兼ねていた大宰府の主神(かんつかさ)、習宜阿曾麻呂(すげのあそまろ)が宇佐八幡神の神託として、道鏡を皇位に就かせれば天下太平になる、と称徳天皇へ奏上する。
- Around August 769, Kantsukasa (ritual official of Dazaifu [governmental office with jurisdiction over Kyushu, Iki, and Tsushima] under the Ritsuryo System), SUGE no Asomaro, who was also holding the position of Shinto priest at Usa-jingu Shrine, informed Empress Shotoku that he received an oracle that if the Empress would give the authority to Buddhist monk Dokyo's succession to the Imperial Throne, the universal peace would be secured.
- この条文を、戦前の研究者尾佐竹猛は、「旧来の陋習」は鎖国攘夷を指し、「天地の公道」は万国公法すなわち国際法の意味であり、この条文は開国の方針を規定したものとして狭く解釈していた。
- Regarding this provision, a researcher before the war Takeki OSATAKE interpreted narrowly that 'evil customs of the past' referred to national isolation as well as expulsion of foreigners and 'the just laws of Nature' meant international public law or international law, and he concluded this provision defined a policy of opening of the country to the world.
- 『金枝篇』に載せられている例でいえばヨーロッパのキリスト教以前の色を濃く留めている風習の一つで、収穫した穀物を使い人形状のパンまたはクッキー(人体の象徴)を作り、分割する祭礼がある。
- According to an example stated in 'Kinshihen,' there was a festival of making human-shaped bread or cookie (symbol of human body) using harvested cereals, and of dividing it, as one of very religious European customs before the Christianity.
- こうして徐々に定着した西洋風の食習慣が高度経済成長期以降、国民所得の増加及び食文化の変化とともに家庭へと普及し、現在では日本の家庭の食卓をかざる惣菜等として定着するにまで至っている。
- Western eating habits began to spread in Japanese households gradually in accordance with an increase in national income and a change in food culture following a period of high economic growth, and Yoshoku is now a daily dish in Japanese households.
- 同書はまた江戸時代の多くの学者に影響を与えたことでも知られており、後に和算の大家となった関孝和や儒学者の貝原益軒なども若いころ『塵劫記』を用いて数学を独習していたことがわかっている。
- This book was further famous for its impact on many scholars of the Edo period, including Takakazu SEKI, who later became an authority of Wasan (Japanese mathematics), and Ekiken KAIBARA, a Confucian scholar; both of them self-studied mathematics using 'Jinkoki' when they were young.
- 最終時点で、幕府陸軍は歩兵隊8個連隊(一橋徳川家の播磨領で第16連隊が編成されて、計9個連隊であるとも言われる。)と伝習歩兵隊3個大隊を中核に、日本最大の西洋式軍事組織となっていた。
- Eventually, the bakufu rikugun became the largest western-style military organization in Japan, centering on 8 regiments of infantry and 3 battalion of learning infantry (some sais that it should be 9 regiments as the sixteenth regiment was established in the territory of Harima of Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family).
- これまでは村や町などの共同体発生した揉め事は共同体(惣)内部の自治や掟・慣習に従って済ませる「内済」によって解決されることになっていたが、特別な場合に限って共同体外部に解決を委ねた。
- Any conflict that occurred within a community, such as a village or town, was supposed to be settled out of court in accordance with the autonomy, rules or custom of the community; in special cases, however, it could be handed over to a person outside of the community for settlement.
- 『魏志倭人伝』や『隋書』などの中国の歴史書に書かれているだけではなく、天武天皇期に用いられた「赦書」にも登場する(『日本書紀』天武天皇5年8月壬子条)など、慣習法として確立していた。
- Not only it was recorded in Chinese history books such as 'Gishiwajinden' (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in 'The History of the Wei Dynasty') and 'Zuisho; Suishu' (the Book of the Sui Dynasty), it was already established as a common law as it was referred to in Shasho (decree of amnesty) which was used during the time of the Emperor Temmu ('Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), the Article of Mizuno-e, the eighth month of the fifth year of the Emperor Temmu).
- 将門の新皇即位は、神仏習合の神であり天皇家の祖神でもある八幡神がその位を授け、位記(辞令)を菅原道真が書いたとし、仏教音楽により儀式を行うようにと神祇信仰の巫女が託宣したものである。
- At the enthronement of new emperor Masakado, it supposed that Hachiman (God of War), deity of shinbutsu-shugo and Imperial Family's soshin (ancestor honored as god), granted the throne, SUGAWARA no Michizane wrote the Iki (court rank diploma), and a shrine maiden of Jingi belief had an oracle to play Buddhistic music at the ceremony.
- 『日本書紀』の推古天皇20年(西暦612年)5月、百済人味摩之(みまし)が伎楽儛を伝え、奈良の桜井に少年を集めて教習したという記事が、実際に日本で伎楽が行われた記録としては最古である。
- The oldest record of gigaku actually performed in Japan is the article of 'Nihon Shoki,' entry in May, 612, saying that it was introduced by Mimashi of Baekje and he gathered young boys to teach it in Sakurai, Nara.
- 歴史上にありえた日本の事件や日本史の人物を登場させることも多いが、その人物像をはじめ慣習、風俗、効果音、台詞、言語においても大胆にフィクション化され、大衆受けするように加工されている。
- A jidaigeki often features quasi-historical events and famous figures from throughout Japanese history, but customs, manners, sound effect, dialogue and language in addition to the characterisation of these figures are significantly fictionalised to appeal to a mass audience.
- 文化財保護法では無形の民俗文化財を、「衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術で、わが国の国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの」と規定している。
- The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties provides that intangible folk cultural properties are 'manners and customs related to food, clothing and housing, to occupations, religious faiths, festivals, etc., to folk entertainments, arts and crafts and techniques which are indispensable for the understanding of changes in our people's modes of life.'
- 古典落語の演題の中には、現在では廃れてしまった風習、言葉を扱うものがあり、それらに関する予備知識がないと、話全体や落ちが充分に楽しめないことがあり、枕がこの目的にあてられることも多い。
- Some classical rakugo performances contain words and customs that are obsolete today, and the audience may not be able to enjoy the whole story or the punchline fully without previous knowledge, so the makura is often used to provide the audience with assistance in this regard.
- 上野にて「平和記念東京博覧会」、「週刊朝日」「サンデー毎日」創刊、「小学館の学習雑誌」(小学館)創刊、「江崎グリコ」創業、「資生堂」が美容講習会、婦人断髪スタイルが流行、全国水平社創立
- Peace Commemoration Tokyo Exposition' in Ueno, the first publication of 'Shukan Asahi' and 'Sunday Mainichi,' the first publication of 'learning magazine' by Shogakukan Inc., the foundation of 'Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd.,' beauty lessons given by 'Shiseido Co., Ltd.,' shortcut hair in fashion among women, and the foundation of Zenkoku Suihei-sha
- その由来は唐の玄宗 (唐)の初年(712年)に、唐都長安西北郊の西内苑内で、芸人達がナシが植えられている梨園と称される庭園に集められ、音楽教習府と呼ばれる施設で芸を磨いたことに始まる。
- The origin of rien is when in 712, the first year of Emperor Xuan Zong's reign in the Tang Dynasty, the performers and musicians were gathered together in a garden with pear trees called Rien (pear orchard) at the imperial garden called Seinaien in the north-western suburb of Changan, the capital of Tang, for the purpose of practicing their arts at facilities called Ongaku kyoshu-fu (Music School).
- これは、高校年代の生徒が勉学は立命館宇治高校で、サッカーの練習はサンガタウン城陽の育成組織専用の人工芝グラウンド(照明完備)で行い、京都サンガF.C.が建設した寮で生活するというもの。
- According to the plan, students of the senior high school generation study at Ritsumeikan Uji High School, practice football on the artificial grass ground (lighting fully-equipped) dedicated to the nurturing organization in Sanga Town Joyo, and live in a dormitory built by Kyoto Sanga F.C.
- 女子高等師範学校校長・学習院院長心得などを歴任する一方、『古事類苑』の編纂総裁や、新しい印刷・農業技術の紹介などに力を尽くして、晩年には博士 (文学)・日本学士院会員の称号が贈られた。
- He successively worked in different positions such as principal of Women's Higher Normal School and director of the Gakushuin School Corporation while he devoted himself to the presidency of compiling 'Kojiruien' (Dictionary of Historical Terms) and also the introduction of new printing and agricultural technologies, and in his later years the title of doctor (literature) and membership of the Japan Academy were awarded to him.
- これは当時の作劇において時代考証に対する意識が薄かったことと、寺子屋や教育に熱心な家庭では天神の像を祀る習俗があり、江戸時代の観客にとっては天神とのつながりが深い場所であったことによる。
- This was because the play was written at that time with a little consideration of following according to a historical evidence, and Terakoya and families into education used to worship the Tenjin statues, and guests during the Edo Period had a strong connection with Tenjin.
- 実際に徳島県の観音寺遺跡から、万葉仮名で「奈尓波ツ尓昨久矢己乃波奈」と記された7世紀の ものとみられる習書木簡が 出土しているのをはじめ、各地から数多くこの歌を記した木簡が出土している。
- In fact, together with a shusho mokkan (a wooden tablet used for writing practice) unearthed from the ruins of Kannonji in Tokushima Prefecture, likely a product of the seventh century, and which had 'Naniwa-tsu ni Sakuya kono hana' (奈尓波ツ尓昨久矢己乃波奈, On the Beach of Naniwa, the flowers bloom) written upon it in Manyo-gana (a syllabary used in the Manyoshu [Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves]), many wooden tablets with this poem written on it have been unearthed from ruins all over the country.
- 室町時代に海賊衆の慣習法が鎌倉幕府制定法に仮託されて法としてまとめられたとされる廻船式目によれば、寄船に生存者がいた場合や船主が明らかな場合には無断の押収を禁じ、無主物のみを認めている。
- According to Kaisen Shikimoku (the oldest sea law of Japan), common law of Kaizoku-shu (pirates) drafted on the pretense of statutory law of Kamakura Bakufu Government in the Mromachi Period, confiscation of a wrecked ship was allowed only when no survivor nor owner of the ship was found but otherwise prohibited without consensus of survivors or shipowners, if any.
- 昭和天皇は学習院時代、院長であった乃木希典については「印象深く、尊敬もしている」と述べているが、東宮御学問所総裁であった東郷については、後年、記者の質問に「何の印象もない」と答えている。
- The Emperor Showa said that Maresuke NOGI, the principal of the school, that NOGI left deep impression on him during his time as a student of the Gakushuin School and he did respect Nogi, but when he was asked about Togo, president of the Togu School (a school to educate the crown prince), by press reporters later in his life, he answered he had no impression about Togo.
- 特に日本画に関心が深く、学習院初等科を卒業した時の作文には正倉院、唐招提寺、京都御所において美術を鑑賞し、奈良鳥類研究所において鳥を描く際の心得についての指導を受けた出来事が記されている。
- She is especially interested in Japanese style painting and on the occasion of her graduation from Gakushuin Primary School she wrote an essay to the effect that she had enjoyed looking at art work in the Shosoin Treasure Repository, Toshodai-ji Temple, and the Kyoto Imperial Palace, and in the essay she also wrote about her experience of being instructed on hints about drawing birds at the Nara Institute for Ornithology.
- むしろ、夏の祭りなどの行事に浴衣をわざわざ着て行く以外に、習慣として和服を着る機会が少なくなっている現在、浴衣の着る機会の多い若い女性を中心に、浴衣は略装であるという感覚も失われつつある。
- Also, because there are fewer opportunities to wear wafuku on a regular basis except for summer festivals and other events where one would intentionally wear yukata, it's no longer being considered even as informal wear largely by young women with comparatively frequent chances to wear yukata, among others.
- 三社参りの風習のない人々からすると、初詣で複数の神社に参るというのは少し特異なことであり、「ありがたみが減るのではないか」「あまりよくないのではないか」と否定的に捉える場合もあるようである。
- Visiting multiple shrines on New Year's Holidays sounds a little peculiar to the people who do no have a custom of sanshamairi and some of them get it negatively saying 'It may reduce appreciation,' and 'It may be not so good.'
- 日本拳法は、柔道家であった澤山が、当身技が柔道形にあるにもかかわらず練習されていないことから練習体系を確立するために、空手道などを参考にして大日本拳法として創始し、戦後に日本拳法と改称した。
- SAWAYAMA, who was a Judo expert at that time, found that striking and kicking techniques included in the judo forms were not practiced; therefore, to establish the training system he originated dainihon kenpo based on karatedo and others and renamed it nihon kenpo after the war.
- だが、日本では古来より、収穫された米を神道に捧げる際に、このどぶろくを作って供える事で、来期の豊穣を祈願する伝統を残す地域があり、この風習は現代でも日本各地のどぶろく祭等により伝えられている。
- However, in Japan, some regions still have an ancient tradition of making and offering Doburoku together with harvested rice to the Shinto gods, praying for good harvests in the next year, and even today, this custom is practiced at Doburoku Festivals held in various regions in Japan.
- 明治維新以降の近代に入ってからは熊野詣の風習も殆どなくなってしまったため、参詣道としての利用はほとんど絶えたものの、周囲の住人が交易・物資移送を行う生活道路として昭和初期までは使用されつづけた。
- Since in modern times after the Meiji Restoration, the custom of the pilgrimage to Kumano became obsolete, Kohechi was no longer used as a pilgrimage route, however it continued to be used as a community road for trade and transportation of goods by local residents until the early Showa era.
- 詳しくは松浦玲『検証・龍馬伝説』(論創社、2001年)・濱口裕介「師とともに目指したアジア諸国共有海軍への夢」(『新・歴史群像シリーズ(4) 維新創世 坂本龍馬』学習研究社、2006年)を参照。
- For details, refer to 'Verification: The Legend of Ryoma' by Rei MATSUURA (Ronsosha, 2001), and 'Dream for the Navy Jointly Owned by Asian-countries, Shared with Mentor' by Yusuke HAMAGUCHI ('New Historical Figures Series (4) Creation of the Restoration Ryoma SAKAMOTO' GAKKEN, 2006).
- 安政2年(1855年)7月、幕府はオランダから寄贈を受けた蒸気船「観光丸」を練習艦とし、オランダ海軍から派遣されたヘルハルト・ペルス・ライケン大尉以下22名を教官とする長崎海軍伝習所を開設した。
- In July, 1855, the bakufu founded Nagasaki Kaigun Denshu-sho (Japanese Naval School in Nagasaki) in which `kanko maru,' a steam boat donated by the Dutch Navy for training was used and Nagasaki Kaigun Denshu-sho had 22 officers dispatched from the Dutch Navy including Heruharuto Berusu Raiken dajo in Nagasaki.
- この間、唐の律令制を基本に、律と令にもとづいた政治を実施するために、700年(文武4年)に王臣に令文を読習させ、律条を撰定する作業に取りかかり、翌年の701年(文武5年)に大宝律令が制定された。
- In 700, Empress Jito made administrators learn Tang statutes in order to create a political system based on the ritsu (penal law) and ryou (administrative law) codes, following the model of the Tang (China) legal system, and in 701, the following year, the Taiho Code was completed.
- 古代においては、天皇・朝廷に海水産物を中心とした御食料(穀類以外の副食物)を贄(にえ)として貢ぐ慣習があり、律令制のもとにおいても租庸調などの税とは別に、贄の納付が定められていたと考えられている。
- In ancient times, there was a custom where Oshokuryo (side dishes excluding grain) including mainly fishery products were presented to the Emperor and the Imperial Family as sacrifices, and it is considered that, under the Ritsuryo system, this was stipulated in addition to Soyocho (a tax system).
- 『宝雲抄』は、1924年(大正13年)4月の春休みに奈良に行ったときの印象や感想を学習院輔仁会雑誌に「奈良より」と題して投稿したのをきっかけに、4年間掲載されたものを、ひとつの本にしたものである。
- 'Hounsho' is a collection of his essays continued for four years, which started by posting his impression of a trip to Nara on a spring holiday in April 1924 to Gakushuin Hojinkai Magazine with a title of 'From Nara.'
- インドのヒンドゥー教(大黒・毘沙門・弁才)、中国の仏教(布袋)、道教(福禄寿・寿老人)、日本の土着信仰(恵比寿・大国主)が入り混じって形成された、神仏習合からなる、いかにも日本的な信仰対象である。
- It is a typical Japanese object to believe in, which is syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, with Hinduism in India (Daikoku, Bishamon and Benzai), Chinese Buddhism (Hotei) and Taoism (Fukurokuju and Jurojin), and indigenous belief in Japan (Ebisu and Okuninushi) mixed.
- もともと公家の日野有範の子息である親鸞と、日野広綱(覚如の父)の血統を引く東西両大谷家当主は、代々有力公家の猶子になる慣習があり、また、代々公家と通婚を続けており母系によっても公家化が進んでいった。
- There was a custom developed over generations that both the eastern and western family heads of the Otani Family's having lineage from Shinran, who was a son of the court noble Arinori HINO, and Hirotsuna HINO (Kakunyo's father) were adopted by influential court nobles; consequently, both the Otani families have increasingly been related to court nobles considering the maternal line, since they kept marriages with court nobles over generations.
- 杜氏集団は、たいてい杜氏組合を組織しているが、それは単に杜氏が名簿として登録してあるというだけではなく、同じ杜氏集団内部での酒の全国新酒鑑評会や講習会を催し、互いの腕を競い合う切磋琢磨の場でもある。
- Most toji groups join in a toji union, and it is not simply a name list of registered toji but is also utilized as a place to improve members' skills by competing with each other by holding national tasting-parties for new sake or study meetings at the internal level of toji groups.
- 以前は専用練習場も照明設備も無く、選手は近隣の太陽が丘などを使用していたので、柱谷元監督がサンフレッチェ広島のユースチームと地元高校の連携を例に挙げて育成組織の改善をクラブ幹部に熱意を持って訴えた。
- As there used to be neither a private training ground nor lighting facilities, and the players used to use the nearby Taiyogaoka or other grounds for training, the former manager HASHIRATANI appealed eagerly to the executives of the club to improve the cultivation organization by giving the example of the Sanfrecce Hiroshima youth team cooperating with a local senior high school.
- これに対して、進歩派の教員・父母と京都教職員組合が学校を封鎖して管理授業を行い、これに対して保守派の父母は市教委とともに公共施設を用いた補習授業を行って対抗したことで生徒までをも2分することになる。
- Against this action, the progressive teachers/parents and the Kyoto teachers' union blocked up the school to give custody classes while the conservatives parents and the Kyoto City Board of Education against the progressives gave supplementary classes in the public institution, dividing students into two sides.
- 神仏分離令の主旨は仏教の排斥ではなく、江戸時代までの神仏習合による仏教と神道の混交から両者を分離することであったが、当時の復古的機運は仏教でさえも外来の宗教として激しく排斥する廃仏毀釈へと向かった。
- The gist of this Edict was not to reject Buddhism but to separate Shinto and Buddhism from the syncretism that existed until the Edo period, but this reactionary movement was strongly rejected by the anti-Buddhist movement, who regarded Buddhism as the imported religion.
- 一般的に、ウェスタンにおいては片手手綱での騎乗も特長のひとつとされているが、これは利き手を作業のためにあけておくために必要な高等技術であり、上級競技以外の競技や基礎練習などでは、両手手綱が基本となる。
- Generally Western riders are considered to control the horse with one hand, but it is an advanced technique which is originally for cowboys to use the other hand for their workings; so the riders basically rein with both hands at the normal competitions except the top class competitions and at the basic practices.
- 「何本調子」の表記に「笨」の字を用いる流派もある(なお、三味線音楽、箏曲・三曲、琵琶においても「何本調子」で基本音を定める慣習があるが、分野によって実際の音の高さは異なっているので注意が必要である)。
- The character '笨' is used instead of '本' in the notation of 'nanbon-joshi' in some schools (there is the practice of specifying the fundamental tone using nanbon-joshi even in shamisen music, sokyoku (koto music), sankyoku (music performed by a shamisen (three-stringed Japanese guitar), so (thirteen-stringed Japanese zither), and shakuhachi (bamboo flute) trio), and biwa (Japanese flute) music, but attention is required because the actual tones vary according to the instrument).
- なお、御製が講ぜられる直前には、まず、講師がその年のお題を読み上げ、「…ということを詠ませたまえる御製(おおみうた)」と講師が言うと、天皇以外の出席者が全員起立して御製を拝聴するのが習わしとなっている。
- Customarily, just before the recitation of ohomi uta, koji says 'ohomi uta on the theme of -' and every participant except the emperor stands up to listen to that poem.
- 摂関政治や院政などの新しい政治形態の出現、班田制の衰退と荘園の発展、律令法的身分秩序の解体などにみられる各種の歴史上の変化によって、律令法に基づく新しい慣習法が律令法の各分野で形成されてきた結果である。
- This is a result of new common laws being formed in various areas of ritsuryo law, due to a variety of historical changes such as the emergence of new political formats like sekkan seiji (politics of regents and advisers) and insei (rule by a retired Emperor), decline of ancient farmland allotment and accepting system and development of manors, and dismantling of the class system under ritsuryo law.
- 肉 - 明治以前は、被差別民やアイヌなどを除いて、一般に哺乳動物の肉を食べる習慣はなかったとされるが、猪肉などを薬として食べたり、山間部に住む人々が狩猟によって捕まえた動物を食べることはしばしばあった。
- Meat: It is said that, before the Meiji period, Japanese except for discriminated people and the Ainu tribe, had no custom of eating meat, but meat of wild boars was eaten as a drug and people living in mountainous areas often ate the animals they hunted.
- 結髪が習慣化して以来、成人女性は自分で髪を結うのが嗜みだったのだが、髪型が複雑化した明和年間ごろにはもはや結髪の素人には手に負えず、また、後ろ髪を大きく突き出すような自分では結うのが難しい髪型が氾濫した。
- Since keppatsu (hairdressing) became common practice, it was accomplishment for an adult woman to fix her hairdo by herself, but around the Meiwa era, when the hairstyle became complicated, nonprofessional women could not handle the hairdo anymore, and the hairstyle with back hair widely projected, which was difficult to fix single-handedly, became popular.
- 一般に年末の12月29日は「苦を搗く」音韻から九日餅(くんちもち)と呼び、年の暮れの数日間のうちその日だけは餅を搗いたり購入を避ける風習がある一方で二九を音韻からフク(福)と読み29日を迎える地域もある。
- Generally, December 29th at the end of the year is called kunchi-mochi (mochi on the 9th) because of the sound 'ku-wo-tsuku' (literally, to pound nine, meaning to pound agony) and there is a custom of avoiding pounding and purchasing mochi only on this day among the several days at the end of the year and, on the other hand, in some areas, the 29th is welcomed reading 29 as fuku (happiness) taking another way of reading the numbers 2 and 9.
- ところが、後に本人が語るところによれば「生来の好戦癖はムクムクと起って、到底ジッとして傍観しては居られぬ。久しく練習も絶えていたけれども、兎にも角にも交はって走って見やうという」という考えで飛び入り参加。
- However, he unofficially joined the competition, because, according to his later reflection, 'his intrinsic aggressiveness emerged in his mind and he could not put up with watching the game silently, so anyway he decided to join and run regardless of his lack of practice for years.'
- 成立は、隆房の若い時期の習作と考える説(鈴木徳男)や、治承元年(1177年)以降、正治2年(1200年)以前とする説(佐藤恒雄)、文治建久期、遅くとも正治以前とする説(上野順子)などがあり、はっきりしない。
- As for when the Roei Hyakushu was completed, there are various opinions, including that it was an etude made by the young Takafusa (opinion offered by Tokuo SUZUKI), that it was finished after 1177 and before 1200 (opinion offered by Tsuneo SATO) and that it was completed between 1185 and 1198, or before 1199 at the latest (opinion offered by Junko UENO), but the real date remains inconclusive.
- 飯茶碗一膳の飯の量を消費する時間は、一般的な食事作法・習慣から考えると、惣菜としてのおかずを順々に一口ずつ食べて、全品を平らげながら食べ終わることから、飯茶碗一杯分の飯の消費は、食事時間とほぼ同じ傾向がある。
- In view of general manners and habits of dining, because the meal is finished by eating a mouthful of each dish one after another, the time to consume a bowl of rice is substantially equal to the time for the meal.
- 老女形では『道明寺』の覚寿、敵役は『仮名手本忠臣蔵』の師直、『菅原伝授手習鑑・車引』の時平公、また勇壮な『妹背山婦女庭訓』の鱶七、『新薄雪物語』の妻平、喜劇では『三升蒔画(ちょいのせ)』の善六なども得意とした。
- He was also good at playing as fukeoyama (oyama as aged woman) at Kakuju in 'Domyoji' (Domyo-ji temple), as katakiyaku, Moronao in 'Kanadehon Chushingura' and Lord Tokihira in 'Sugawara denju tenarai kagami; kurumabiki' (Pulling the Cow Carriage of Sugawara's secrets of calligraphy), as heroic roles, Fukashichi in 'Imoseyama onna teikin' (An Exemplary Tale of Womanly Virtue) and Tsumahei in 'Shin usuyuki monogatari' (The Tale of Usuyuki), and among comics as Zenroku in 'Mitsugumi Makie (or Choinose).'
- ガイド事業をシステマチックに継続して行うには、組織として統率が取れ、構成メンバーも絶えず学習を続けるという仕組み(程度の差こそあれ民間企業には当然存在する)がビルトインされていることが望ましいのではなかろうか。
- In order for guide operations to be continued in a systematic manner, it is desirable to have a built-in mechanism (that would be similar to a public company with the exception of certain differences) which provides leadership as well as encouraging the continuous study of members.
- 丸本物では『仮名手本忠臣蔵』の大石内蔵助や寺岡平右衛門、『絵本太功記』の明智光秀、『菅原伝授手習鑑・寺子屋』の松王丸、『ひらかな盛衰記』の樋口次郎、『梶原平三誉石切』(石切梶原 いしきり かじわら)の梶原景時。
- Maruhonmono roles included Kuranosuke OISHI and Heiemon TERAOKA in 'Kanadehon Chushingura,' Mitsuhide AKECHI in 'Ehon Taikoki,' Matsuomaru in the Terakoya scene of 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami,' Jiro HIGUCHI in 'Hirakana Seisuiki,' and Kagetoki KAJIWARA in 'Kajiwara Heizo Homare no Ishikiri' ('Ishikiri Kajiwara').
- この地で見つけることができる菫青石という鉱物が熱水変質を起こし雲母化した天然記念物の鉱石桜石の霊力によって封じられた鬼の涙が湧いたものが湯の花温泉であり、桜石が転じて節分の豆撒きの風習となったという伝承がある。
- Yunohana-onsen is said to be a hot spring made from the tears of an Oni which were closed by a numen of Cherry Stone, natural treasure, which was transformed into mica due to hydrothermal alteration of mineral called cordierite which was found here, and it is said that the custom to throw beans during Setsubun (Bean Throwing Night) was developed from the Cherry Stone.
- 中国で左前にすることが嫌われたのは「蛮族の風習であるため」とされたが、この蛮族というのは中国東北部や辺境の地に住む遊牧民たちのことで、彼らは狩猟を主な生活として行なう上で弓を射やすいという理由で左前に着ていた。
- It is considered that the Chinese in those days hated to wear Hidarimae because 'it was a savage tribe's custom'--Here, 'the savage tribe' were nomads that lived in the Northeast part and the frontier of China and mainly hunted for their living, and Hidarimae was convenient for them to shoot with a bow and arrow.
- 詳しくは、青山忠正『明治維新の言語と史料』(清文堂出版、2006年)・松浦玲「『万機公論ニ決スヘシ』は維新後に実現されたか?」(『新・歴史群像シリーズ(4) 維新創世 坂本龍馬』学習研究社、2006年)を参照。
- For the details, refer to 'Language and Historical Data of Meiji Restoration' by Tadamasa AOYAMA (Seibundo shuppan, 2006) and 'Was Democracy Realized after the Restoration?' by Rei MATSUURA ('New Historical Figures Series (4) Creation of the Restoration Ryoma SAKAMOTO' GAKKEN, 2006).
- 二世竹田出雲、三好松洛らとの合作で浄瑠璃の三大傑作といわれる『菅原伝授手習鑑』『義経千本桜』『仮名手本忠臣蔵』ほか、『軍法富士見西行』、『いろは日蓮記』、『双蝶々曲輪日記』など、日本戯曲史上の傑作を生み出した。
- In collaboration with Izumo TAKEDA the second, Shoraku MIYOSHI and so on, he produced not only the three greatest joruri: 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami,' 'Yoshitsune Senbonzakura' and 'Kanadehon Chushingura,' but also other masterpieces which remain in the history of Japanese play, such as 'Gunpo Fujimi Saigyo,' 'Iroha Nichiren Ki,' 'Futatsu Chocho Kuruwa Nikki' (Diary of two butterflies in the pleasure quarters) and so on.
- 後にこの風習が発達して12月8日 (旧暦)には米と小豆ほか複数の穀物や木の実を入れた「臘八粥」(ろうはちがゆ)というものが食せられ、六朝時代の中国南部では1月15日 (旧暦)に豆粥が食せられた(『荊楚歳時記』)。
- This practice later developed to a custom of eating 'laba congee' (congee eaten on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month) on December 8 (old calendar), which is made from rice, azuki beans and several kinds of grains and nuts, and in the southern China of the Six Dynasties period people ate bean porridge on January 15 (old calendar) according to the 'Xingchu suishiji' (an almanac of events in life in the Xingchu region in China).
- 天皇はその後も密かに倒幕を志し、醍醐寺の文観や法勝寺の円観などの僧を近習に近づけ、元徳2年(1329年)には中宮の御産祈祷と称して密かに関東調伏の祈祷を行い、興福寺や延暦寺など南都の寺社に赴いて寺社勢力と接近する。
- Even after this frustrating incident, the Emperor, who formed a plot to overthrow the Shogunate, closely associated with monks such as Monkan of Godai-ji Temple and Enkan of Hossho-ji Temple. In 1329 he offered a prayer in private wishing for control over the Kanto district, with the excuse that the prayer was for his wife's easy delivery. With this excuse he made use of visits to temples in the northern part of Kyoto, such as Kofuku-ji Temple and Enryaku-ji Temple, to make contact with influential religious persons.
- 1945年(昭和20年)の終戦の際には、宮内省は、1官房2職8寮2局のほか、内大臣府、掌典職、御歌所、帝室博物館、帝室林野局、学習院など13の外局と京都事務所を持ち、職員6,200人余を擁する大きな組織となっていた。
- In 1945, at the end of the war, the Imperial Household Ministry had became a big organization with 13 extra-ministerial bureaus such as Naidaijin-fu (Minister of Interior's Office), ceremonial staff, Outadokoro (Imperial Poetry Bureau), Imperial Household Museum, Imperial Forestry Bureau, and The Gakushuin School Corporation, and Imperial Household Agency Kyoto Office as well as one Secretariat, two offices, eight bureaus, and two departments, and had more than 6.200 employees.
- 作られて誕生して長い時間を経て、健在でありつづけた器物や生き物などには、霊魂が宿るとして「畏怖や畏敬の念を抱く」といった習慣・価値観は、日本に普遍的に存在するものであり、根底に流れる思想は神道や古神道と同じものである。
- The practice/sense of values of believing in the existence of spirits in long-lived articles/living things and 'having a feeling of reverence/awe' for them was common in Japan, and the philosophy of Tsukumogami is the same with that of contemporary and ancient Shinto.
- また、西洋の文物にも関心を寄せ晩年はパンと牛乳を好み、カメラによる写真撮影・釣り・自転車・顕微鏡・手芸(刺繍)などの趣味に興じる。将軍時代には西周 (啓蒙家)からフランス語を習ったこともあったようだが、こちらは挫折した。
- He was interested in items of western culture, and in his later years he liked to eat bread and drink milk and he enjoyed his interests in photography, fishing, riding the bicycle, microscopy and craft (embroidery). During his tenure as the Shogun, he learned French from Amane NISHI but he gave up on this.
- 本文中(手習の巻)に現れる「夕霧」(より正確には「夕霧の御息所」)という表記が「夕霧」という巻名に基づくと見られるとする理由により少なくとも夕霧を初めとするいくつかの巻名は作者自身が名付けたものであろうとする見解もある。
- Some people think that at least a few of the titles, such as 'Yugiri,' were applied by the author because the word 'Yugiri' (more precisely, 'Yugiri, concubine of the Emperor') which appears in the text (Tenarai), is based on the chapter's name.
- 和宮及びそのお付き女中は宮中風の生活習慣を守り(一例を挙げると天皇の許しがないため冬期でも足袋をはかず裸足であった)、一方、大奥になじまない和宮一行を大奥側も不遇な待遇をしていじめるなどし、当初は険悪な空気であったという。
- Kazunomiya and her maids kept the same customs like the Imperial style, (for example they spent winter time bear foot without wearing socks since the Emperor did not allow them to do so), on the other hand, people in Ooku gave the hard time to Kazunomiya and her maids as they did not get used to the new life in Ooku, it is said there was a bad atmosphere inside the Ooku in those days.
- 当時の習慣として将軍に教えている真っ最中に尿を漏らしたとなると厳罰は免れないので、それを察した家茂は水をかけるいたずらをすることでその失敗を隠し、「明日も出仕するように」と発言することで不問に処することを表明したのである。
- Since it was a custom of those days to invariably and severely punish someone having incontinence while teaching a shogun, Iemochi realized this and hid the accident by mischievously pouring water on Yasukiyo, expressing that he would overlook the incident by saying, 'You have to attend at the court tomorrow as well.'
- 日本海海戦の際、旗艦三笠に掲げられた大将旗は1911年に、イギリス国王のジョージ5世 (イギリス王)の戴冠式に明治天皇の名代、東伏見宮依仁親王に随行して出席した際、かつての留学先だった海員練習船「ウースター」校に寄贈されていた。
- The General's flag hoisted over the flagship Mikasa during the Battle of Tsushima was donated by Togo to the HMS Worcester possessing the training ship 'Worcester,' for cadets, where he used to study, when he attended Imperial Prince Higashihushiminomiya Yorihito, on behalf of the Emperor Meiji, to participate in the coronation ceremony of George V (King of Britain) in 1911.
- これは戦国時代 (日本)に式目抄が編纂されたり、分国法に「式目」の名称が採用されたほか、新たな武家政権の法体系が確立された江戸幕府の時期においても多くの注釈書が書かれ、手習いの教科書として採用された点からも指摘されることである。
- That was pointed out by the facts that Shikimokusho (a commentary on Goseibai-shikimoku) was compiled during the Sengoku period (period of warring states) of Japan, that the designation of 'shikimoku' was used for bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain), and that many commentaries were written for it as well as it was used for a textbook for writing in the Edo period when a new system of law for samurai government was established.
- 古代、氏族としての帰属は父系を原則としていたのは事実としても、生活習慣は基本的に母系制であり、家の継承が常に父系的に行われていたとは考えられないのではないだろうか、ということである(その後の時代も婿養子という制度は残されている)。
- In ancient times, belonging to a clan was based on the father-line, but customs are based upon the mother-line, therefore it is suspicious that the succession of a household was always based on the father-line (In subsequent periods, there has been a system taking a son-in-law into the house).
- 欧化主義(おうかしゅぎ)とは、1880年代の日本において、明治政府が日本の文物・制度・風俗・習慣をヨーロッパ風にして欧米諸国に日本の近代化を認めてもらおうとして採った政策(欧化政策)とこれに関連して盛んに行われた思潮・風俗の動き。
- Europeanism is a policy (a policy of Europeanization) which the Meiji Government implemented to make an impression on Western countries by modernizing Japan, that is to say, by Europeanizing Japanese things, regulations, folkways, and customs in Japan in 1880s, and an active movement of thought and folkways of the times related to the policy.
- 「咸臨丸」も副使・木村芥舟、教授方取扱(艦長格)・勝海舟、ブルック大尉(enJohn Mercer Brooke)以下アメリカ海軍軍人11名などを乗せて出航し、日本人乗組員の遠洋航海実習、アメリカ海軍の実情視察という成果を上げた。
- The vice-envoy, Kaishu KIMURA, Kyojyugata Toriatsukai (captain rank), Kaishu KATSU, and 11military personnel including Brook taijo (enJohn Mercer Brooke) boarded 'Kanrin maru,' and left for the United states, and they accomplished tasks such as practical training on ocean navigation by Japanese crewmen, and visit to the American Navy.
- また立役では、前述の五右衛門のほか、若き日に明治天皇臨席の天覧劇で演じた『勧進帳』の源義経、『寿曽我対面』の工藤、『暫』のウケ、『菅原伝授手習鑑・車引』の時平、『双蝶々曲輪日記・角力場』の濡髪なども堂々たる押しだしで見事にこなした。
- As for tachi-yaku (male role), he performed grandly with a dignified appearance; besides Goemon mentioned above, his well-known tachi-yaku were MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune in 'Kanjincho' which he had performed in his younger days in the presence of Emperor Meiji, and Kudo in 'Kotobuki Soga no Taimen,' Uke in 'Shibaraku,' Shihei in 'Kuruma-biki' of 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami,' and Nuregami in 'Sumo-ba' of 'Futatsu-chocho Kuruwa Nikki.'
- また後継者不足の問題も表面化してきており、その対策としてそば打ちの技術や作法を習得することを目的とした「豊平流そば打ち段位認定制度」を発足させ道の駅豊平どんぐり村で実施したり、新品種「とよむすめ」の栽培を展開するなど各種活動を行っている。
- At the same time, however, securing the future generation of soba makers has become a challenge and, as a measure to address the situation, the region has been taking various actions such as; implementing the 'Grade Certification System for Toyohira Soba Makers,' designed to teach the soba-making skills and manners, at Toyohira Donguri-mura Road Station and cultivating the new variety of buckwheat 'Toyomusume.'
- (具体的には七福神の一柱である「大黒」はヒンドゥー教を起源とし、日本には大乗仏教の「大黒天」と、密教の「大黒天」と、神道の神である大国主命と仏教の大黒天が神仏習合した「大黒様」と、三つの神仏が存在し姿も意味合いもそれぞれ違うものである。)
- (Concretely speaking, 'Daikoku' (god of wealth), one of the Seven Deities of Good Luck, originates from Hinduism, and in Japan there are three kinds of Daikoku which differ in form and implication: 'Daikokuten' of Mahayana Buddhism, 'Daikokuten' of Esoteric Buddhism and 'Daikoku-sama' created through syncretization of Okuninushi no Mikoto (a Shinto deity) with Daikokuten of Buddhism.)
- また作中での人物表記は当時の実際の社会の習慣に沿ったものであると見られ、人物をその官職や居住地などのゆかりのある場所の名前で呼んだり、「一の宮」や「三の女宮」あるいは「大君」や「小」君といった一般的な尊称や敬称で呼んだりしていることが多い。
- Also, the characters' names in the work seem to be followed by the social custom in those days, and they are called by their ranks and places of dwelling, or by general honorific titles such as 'Ichi no Miya (first Imperial Prince),' 'Onna Sannomiya (third Imperial Princess),' 'Oigimi (oldest sister)' or 'Kogimi (youngest child).'
- 重要無形民俗文化財(じゅうようむけいみんぞくぶんかざい)は、衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事などに関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術など、人々が日常生活の中で生み出し継承してきた無形の民俗文化財のうち、特に重要なものとして国が指定したものである。
- Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property refers to intangible folk culture which people have created in their daily lives and passed on to subsequent generations, such as manners and customs, folk performing arts, occupations, religious faiths, folk techniques related to clothing, food and housing, and festivals, and which have been designated as especially important by the national government.
- そのころはお茶屋35軒、芸妓50名ぐらい(舞妓は襟替え等で含まれていない)いたが西陣織産業の衰退により減少し、芸妓数も20名以下に落ち込んで、歌舞会所属の舞踊学校で習っている優秀な生徒に対し組合が北野をどりへの出演を要請していた時期もあった。
- Kamishichiken at that time had thirty-five teahouses and approximately fifty geisha (apprentice geisha not included for reasons such as the eri-age, or promotion to geisha); during certain periods of time after the war, however, their numbers decreased, to less than twenty geisha for example, due to the decline of the Nishijin-ori (Nishijin weaving) industry, and the Geisha association requested talented students from dance schools affiliated with the Kamishichiken kabukai (dance society) to perform at the Kitano Odori (dance originally performed at the Kitano Tenmangu Shrine).
- それまでは、漁師、船乗りや、武士階級の間で武術として日本泳法があったに過ぎなかった水泳が、全国に海水浴場が開設され、国民皆泳の名の下に学校教育でも水泳が体育教科として取り上げられたことで、庶民の間に海水浴(水泳)の習慣が拡がる第一歩となった。
- Until then, swimming had been limited to fishermen, sailors and the samurai class as one of the military arts but the establishment of swimming beaches throughout Japan and the adoption of swimming as part of physical education at schools in the name of 'Kokumin Kaiei' (swimming for the whole nation) were the first steps toward the popularization of sea bathing (swimming) among commoners.
- 房前が生前元明天皇や聖武天皇の信任厚く特に祖父・鎌足と同じ内臣の地位が与えられたのは事実であるが、当時の慣習として高官の嫡男が父親の存命中に高位に昇る事が憚られていた事を考えると、当初は南家が藤原氏の嫡流であったと考えるのが妥当とされている。
- While it is true that Fusasaki was trusted during his life by Emperor Genmei and Emperor Shomu and was awarded the same Naishin post (government post) as his grandfather Kamatari, considering the general custom that prohibited the rightful male successor to a high-ranking official from holding an important government post, it is more likely that the Southern House was initially the rightful successor of the Fujiwara clan.
- また、その奮戦の具体的な内容だが、惟任謀反記や蓮成院記録によると自ら剣をふるい敵の兵を斬ったらしい(足利義輝の最期に似ているため創作ではないかとも思われるが信忠は実際に剣術を習っており、当時はたしなみの1つであったため、あながち嘘とも言えない)。
- According to the Koreto Muhonki (a commentary on the Honnoji Incident) and the Renjoin Kiroku (journal written by priests of Kofuku-ji Temple Renjo-in), he wielded a sword himself to cut down enemy soldiers (this is rumored to be a myth, like that of Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, yet it is open to debate as he was familiar with the art of swordsmanship as it was an essential discipline of that time).
- 何よりも生涯学習時代の到来を踏まえ、自己の知識を活かして訪れる観光客のお役に立ちたい、それが自己実現につながる、そして自分の街を誇りに思い、他の地域の人々との新たな出会いが楽しいという、ボランティアの成り手自身の意識の成熟が大きな要因として挙げられる。
- Major reasons for choosing to become a tourism volunteer guide include the desire to use one's knowledge acquired through lifelong study to educate visiting tourists to attain a feeling of self-fulfillment, a sense of pride in the area in which one lives, and taking pleasure in meeting new people from different places.
- 鎮火後現場検証したところ、普段火の気がない事、そして寝具が何故か付近に置かれている事から、不審火の疑いがあるとして同寺の関係者を取り調べたところ、同寺子弟の見習い僧侶であり大学生の林承賢(京都府舞鶴市出身・当時21歳)がいない事が判明し行方を捜索した。
- In the investigation at the scene, when the police investigated temple staff on suspicions of arson, due to the fact that there were no sources of fire in the temple and that bedclothes were found near the scene of the fire, they found that Shoken HAYASHI, a monk of apprentice of the temple and a college student (from Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture, 21 years old at the time), was missing and thus searched for his whereabouts.
- 洋食の中には、明治時代以降に西洋料理を習得した料理人が、必ずしも西洋料理のレシピに則らず、日本人消費者の好みに合うよう作り上げた「創作料理」的なものも少なくないため、母体となる欧米には見られないチキンライス、オムライスのような料理も少なからず存在する。
- Many cooks, who learned western cuisine after the Meiji period, established 'creative cuisine' such as chicken rice and rice omelets without following the traditional western recipes, matching the tastes to Japanese consumers' preference, which can not be found in Western countries.
- このことは予期せぬ野火に至る恐れがあったり、農家の減少で藁が十分に集められない、若者がサラリーマン化して日程の都合がつかないな、ダムの建設で山間部を離れる、過疎化や近代化など多くの古来からのそれぞれの地域の慣習や行事が消えて行く事と共通するものがある。
- The reasons for this, which have also caused many other time-honored customs and events to disappear, include: concern about unexpected bush fire, lack of straw caused by a decrease in the farming population, changing life style of young men who are busy as office workers, construction of dams which drive villagers out of mountainous regions, depopulation and modernization.
- 農業へのし尿の利用は、日本を占領した連合国軍のアメリカ軍兵士により持ち込まれたサラダ等野菜の生食の習慣のため、回虫など寄生虫感染防止という衛生上の理由が生じた事や化学肥料など他の肥料の普及などから利用価値が低下し高度経済成長期には取引は行われなくなった。
- The application of human waste to agriculture lost its utility value and disappeared during the high economic growth period, because of the raw diet custom of salad and so on brought by American soldiers of the Allied Forces who occupied Japan, the prevention of parasitic infection such as roundworms and so on for hygienic reasons, and popularization of the other fertilizers such as chemical fertilizers.
- また、一部の古文書では安倍朝臣晴明ではなく安倍宿禰晴明と記載されるものが散見されるため、「朝臣」を「宿禰」の上位に厳格に位置づける当時の慣習から考えて、安倍御主人からの安倍朝臣姓の家系ではなく、難波吉士族の難波忌寸(のち宿禰)の末裔ではないかとする説もある。
- However, because ABE no Sukune Seimei, instead of ABE no Ason Seimei, appears often in a group of ancient documents, and based on the practice at that time of strictly placing 'Ason' above 'Sukune,' there is a view that considers him as a descendant of NANIWA no Imiki (later sukune) of the NANIWA no Kishi clan instead of a family that bears the ABE no Ason family name that originates from ABE no Miushi.
- これは男尊女卑に基づく陋習であり、高台院以外の多くの女性との間にも子ができにくかった(長浜城時代の子を事実として含めれば、夭折した男児二人、女児一人が秀頼の前にいたことになる)ことから、やはり秀吉自身が子ができない(できにくい)体質であったと考えるべきだろう。
- It was an incorrect judgment based upon the idea of predominance of men over women and, as he did not have many children with a number of ladies other than Kodaiin (if we count a child during the age of Nagahama-jo Castle as really existing, there must have been two boys and a girl who died very young before Hideyori.), we should consider that Hideyoshi's physical conditions were the causes why he did not have many children.
- 彼等は冬山での行動にある程度習熟しており、「足に唐辛子を擦り付けて、足温を安定させる」「足に油紙を巻いて水分の浸入を防ぐ」「肌着と衣服の間に新聞紙を仕込んで、体温の安定化、寒気の遮断をする」「食料(握り飯)に油紙を巻いて凍結を防ぐ」等の独自の耐寒装備をしていた。
- They were acquainted with winter mountains to some extent and used their original cold protection techniques such as ' rubbing red peppers on one's feet to make the temperature of the feet stable' 'wrapping water-resistant paper coated with oil around one's feet to prevent water from invading' ' tucking newspaper between underwear and clothes to make body temperature stable and shut out the cold air' 'wrapping water-resistant paper coated with oil around food (rice balls) to prevent them being frozen'.
- 丸本物では『仮名手本忠臣蔵』のお軽、塩冶判官、お石、『義経千本櫻』の静御前、『妹背山婦女庭訓』お三輪、『新版歌祭文』(野崎村)のお光、『攝州合邦辻』(合邦庵室)の玉手御前、『菅原伝授手習鑑』の桜丸、『勧進帳』や『一谷嫩軍記・熊谷陣屋』の義経などが当たり役であった。
- He gained a reputation for roles such as Okaru, Enya hangan and Oishi of 'Kanadehon Chushingura,' Shizuka Gozen of 'Yoshitsune Senbonzakura' (Yoshitsune and One Thousand Cherry Trees), Omiwa of 'Imoseyama (Mt. Imose) Onna Teikin' (An Exemplary Tale of Womanly Virtue), Omitsu of 'Shinpan Utazaimon' (The Love of Osome and Hisamatsu) (Nozaki Village), Tamate-Gozen of 'Sesshu Gappo ga Tsuji' (A Kabuki Drama of Unfettered Evil) (Gappo Anjitsu [hermitage of Gappo]), Sakuramaru of 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami' (Sugawara's secrets of calligraphy) and Yoshitsune of 'Kanjincho' (The Subscription List) and 'Jinya KUMAGAI, Ichi no Tani Futabagunki' (Chronicle of the Battle of Ichinotani) in the area of maruhonmono (Kabuki drama of joruri [puppet-play] origin).
- 2006年に学習研究社から発売された『新・歴史群像シリーズ(4) 維新創世 坂本龍馬』では、菊地明が「寺田屋事件の際に捕縛方一人を殺害したことで「お尋ね者」になっており、見廻組が逮捕のためにやってきた」という説を出しているが、この説に関しても今後精査が必要である。
- In 'New Historical Figures Series (4) Creation of the Restoration Ryoma SAKAMOTO' sold by GAKKEN in 2006, Akira KIKUCHI put forward a theory that since Ryoma was wanted for killing one capturing official in the Teradaya incident, Mimawarigumi came to Ryoma for arrest, but this theory also needs to be closely examined.
- 大阪株式取引所(現・大阪証券取引所)、大阪商法会議所(現・大阪商工会議所、初代会頭は五代友厚)、大阪商業講習所(現・大阪市立大学、大阪市立天王寺商業高等学校)、大阪製銅、関西貿易社、共同運輸会社、神戸桟橋、大阪商船、阪堺鉄道(現・南海電気鉄道)などの設立に関わった。
- He made efforts to establish instititions such as Osaka Stock Exchange (present Osaka Securities Exchange) the Osaka Chamber of Commercial Law (present the Osaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the first chairman was Tomoatsu GODAI), and Osaka Commercial Training Institute (present Osaka City University and Osaka Municipal Tennoji Business High School), and companies such as Osaka Seido (copper metallurgy company), Kansai Boeki (trading company), Kyodo Unyu (transporting company), Kobe Sanbashi (shipping company), Osaka Shosen (shipping company), and Hankai Railway (present Nankai Electric Railway Co., Ltd.).
- 水子とはこのように、もともとは死亡した胎児だけでなく乳児期、幼児期に死亡した子供を含む概念であったが、戦後の日本で人工妊娠中絶が爆発的に増加したことを受け、1970年代ごろから中絶で死んだ胎児の霊を弔う水子供養の習慣が広まっていくとともに、現在の意味が定着していった。
- Just as described, Mizuko was a notion that included not only dead fetuses, but also children who have died during their infancy or in early childhood; however, due to the explosive increase of abortion in Japan after the war, the meaning which is used in the present day began to take hold as the custom of mizuko kuyo (a mass for a body lost through miscarriage or abortion) spread from around 1970s.
- これが傘福と桃の節句を結びつける由縁のようになっているが、本来この風習は観音堂に安産や子供の成長を願って地元の神社に納めたものであり、昔から傘の中には魂が宿るといわれ子どもが健やかに育つことを思い、また様々な願いを形にして61種類の細工が吊り下げられているといわれる。
- That's why Kasafuku is associated with the peach Doll Festival, but Kasafukus were originally placed in local shrines to wish for safe deliveries and children's growth to Kannondo temples by hanging 61 kinds ornaments representing various wishes in each umbrella and wishing for healthy growth of children because it had been said that souls are living in it.
- 白酒の製法は、博多地方において古くから造られていた「練酒」が起源であると伝えられており、江戸時代から雛祭りの供物として扱われるようになったのは、平安時代からの風習である上巳(桃の節句)において、室町時代からモモの花を浸した酒を飲んでいたものが変化したと伝えられている。
- It is said that the method of manufacturing shirozake originates in the 'nerizake' brewed in the Hakata region from ancient times and that, from the Edo Period, it came to be used as an offering in the Doll's festival, a custom from the Heian Period, in place of the peach leaves soaked in sake which had been used from the Muromachi Period.
- 平安時代、桓武天皇の政策により東宮とならなかった親王を八省卿にする方針が打ち出されたが、後に親王に政治責任を負わせることに消極的な立場から中務省、兵部省兵部省 (律令制)、式部省、弾正尹、大宰帥といった名誉職に就いて俸禄のみを得て、政務には携わらないという慣習ができた。
- In the Heian period, a plan was put out for making the Shinno, who was not able to become a Togu (crown prince) due to Emperor Kammu's policy, a Minister for one of the eight central ministries, but later, from a passive viewpoint towards putting political responsibility on a Shinno, it became a custom for a Shinno to take the position of an honorary office such as the Ministry of Central Affairs, Ministry of Military (Treasury code), Ministry of Ceremonial, Danjoin, and Dazai no sochi, where they received only stipends and did not participate in state affairs.
- 明治時代初期までは恵方詣りの風習が残っていたようだが、京阪神において鉄道事業者が沿線の神社仏閣をてんでんばらばらに「今年の恵方は○○だ」と宣伝し始めたために、本来の恵方ではない神社仏閣にも詣でるようになり、恵方の意味が薄れ、有名な神社仏閣にお参りするようになったといわれている。
- It is said that, up until the early Meiji period, some still practiced the custom of ehomairi; however, as each railway company in the Keihanshin region (namely, Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe) started to advertise the shrines and temples of their choice along their own railway lines, by saying that 'the eho for the year is XX,' people became to visit those in other than the actual eho direction which leads the meaning of eho fade away and people visit well-known shrines and temples.
- 晩年学習院に招かれた際、講演中に生徒に「将来は何になりたいか」と質問し「軍人になりたい」と答えた生徒に「軍人になると死ぬぞ」 「なるなら大日本帝国陸軍ではなく大日本帝国海軍に入れ。海軍ならしなないから」と発言し、陸軍大将であった乃木希典院長を憮然とさせたというエピソードがある。
- There was an episode that demonstrated this side of him that occurred when he was invited to the Gakushuin School Corporation (an educational institution mainly for children of the imperial family and nobility) in his later years and, during his lecture, he asked a student what he wanted to be in future, and then told the student who answered 'a soldier' that soldiers would die on battlefields, so he recommended the student to enter the Imperial Japanese Navy as opposed to the Imperial Japanese Army because those in the Navy would not die, making the Principal of the Gakushuin School, Maresuke NOGI, who used to be the Army General, somewhat disappointed.
- また、平成13年施行の廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律およびそれに基づく「廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律施行令」により、風俗慣習上又は宗教上の行事を行うために必要な廃棄物の焼却や、農業、林業又は漁業を営むためにやむを得ないものとして行われる廃棄物の焼却など以外は禁止されている。
- Also, noyaki is prohibited except when burning waste materials is necessary to comply with the manners and customs or to perform an religions event, or when it is imperative in order for the operation of agriculture, forestry or fishery, in accordance with 'the Wastes Disposal and Public Cleansing Act' enforced in 2001 and the enforcement order of 'the Wastes Disposal and Public Cleansing Act.'
- …(於是天皇詔之 朕聞諸家之所 帝紀及本辭 既違正實 多加虚僞 當今之時 不改其失 未經幾年 其旨欲滅 斯乃邦家經緯 王化之鴻基焉 故惟撰録帝紀 討覈舊辭 削僞定實 欲流後葉 時有舍人 姓稗田名阿禮 年是廿八 爲人聰明 度目誦口 拂耳勒心 即勅語阿禮 令誦習帝皇日繼 及先代舊辭)
- The emperor says `As far as I understand, 'Teiki and 'Honji' (accounts of origin) that have been handed down to families are falsified and are not like the original one. The original intentions will be lost within a few years unless corrected now. These are the precious teachings of the imperial court, to establish a sold foundation to guide the people. Therefore, I will advisedly select Teiki, and find kyuji to eliminate the false parts and find the truth to succeed future generations. He was such a bright man and was able to immediately express something he saw in words and never forgot the word he heard. The emperor immediately ordered Are to read and learn Kyuji that describes the lineage and incidents of past emperors that the emperor determined and selected himself.
- 更にこの条文が実際に源頼朝の時代に行われていた法理を根拠とするものなのか、はたまた頼朝以前からの慣習法が頼朝の時代以後も行われたものなのか、更には頼朝以後に成立した又は御成敗式目で初めて採用した法理を頼朝によって定められた法理として仮託させたものなのかについては意見が分かれている。
- And the opinion is divided; this provision was based on the legal principle exercised indeed in the period of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo; the common law before Yoritomo was also done after the period of Yoritomo; or the legal principle, established after Yoritomo or adopted for the first time for the Goseibai-shikimoku, was treated as the legal principle established by Yoritomo.
- 江戸時代には、江戸の日本橋 (東京都中央区)の魚市では「大には鯨、小には鰯、貴品には鯛、鰈等があるなかにも堅魚は近海の名産にして、四月八日の初市には、衣を典し衿を売るも必ずこれを食ふの旧習民間に行はる」という言葉が残されており、江戸城下で鯨肉が広く一般に流通していたことがうかがえる。
- In the fish market at Nihonbashi (present Chuo Ward, Tokyo) in the Edo period, the following was said, showing that whale meat was available widely in the areas around the Edo castle: 'If you want big fishes, there are whales, if you want small fishes, there are sardines, if you want precious fishes, there are sea breams and flounders, but skipjack tunas are excellent inshore fishes, and people always eat skipjack tunas as a traditional custom at the first fair of selling them on April 8, even if they have to pawn their clothes or to sell their collars.'
- 後世では、東国における武門の習いは義家が整備したといわれ、その名声は武門の棟梁としての血脈としての評価を一層高めることとなったというのは、主に南北朝時代の末に、義家の子孫である足利幕府の正統性をうたう為に書かれた『源威集』にある「諸家輩、源家将軍ヲ代々仁王ト奉仰ハ此故也」からの派生。
- Later generations claimed that the Way of the Bushi in Eastern Japan was established by Yoshiie, and that the increased reputation from a blood connection to the chief of the bushi was derived from a phrase in the 'Geni-shu,' written to legitimize the Ashikaga shogunate created by the descendants of Yoshiie during the end of the Nanboku (Northern and Southern Court) period.
- これは泰時が『法曹至要抄』や明法道の目安(訴状・陳状などの法律文書)を研究していたことや、編纂に参加しているのが泰時とともに六波羅探題を務めた叔父の北条時房(幕府連署)や京都の下級官人出身者やその子弟が中心であったのも御成敗式目の法源を武家慣習法ではなく公家法に求めたからと考えられている。
- It has been believed that the reason why Yasutoki studied 'Hososhiyo-sho' (a legal book compiled by the Sakanoue clan between the end of Heian period and the early Kamakura period) as well as the criterion of Myobodo (study of Codes) (legal documents of petition, petition for objection, and so forth) and why his uncle Tokifusa HOJO, a bakufu rensho (assistant to regents in bakufu) who had worked as Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) with him and person who had come from lower-ranking government official in Kyoto and their descendents participated in the compilation were that he sought the source of law not for the common law for samurai families, but for the court noble law.
- オリンピックの公式競技では使用されなかったが、1936年(昭和11年)のベルリンオリンピックでは、日本人選手が現地での練習で六尺褌を使用していたところ、日本人選手の速さの秘密は水着の褌にあるのではないかと日本人選手に外人記者の取材が殺到し、褌姿の選手と一緒の記念撮影を求められたこともあった。
- At the 1936 Berlin Olympics, when some Japanese swimmers wore rokushaku fundoshi during practice in Berlin (though it was not used in official competitions), foreign reporters, suspecting that the secret of the Japanese swimmers' speed lay in fundoshi swimwear, bombarded them with enquiries and some reporters requested to have commemorative photographs taken with swimmers wearing fundoshi.
- ところが、新政府は慶応4年1月10日にいわゆる「開国の詔」を出して諸外国に対して江戸幕府が締結した条約の継続を約束し、また五箇条の御誓文にて「旧来ノ陋習ヲ破リ」「智識ヲ世界ニ求メ」と述べ、続く五榜の掲示においても「万国公法履行」を掲げていたにも関わらず、攘夷については明確な否定をしなかった。
- However, on January 10 1868, the new government promised to continue the treaty which Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) concluded for the foreign countries as ' an imperial rescript of opening of a country to the world' and although the government stated 'Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world' and 'Evil customs of the past shall be broken off' in the five charter oath and although they posted 'implementation of international law' in the next five notices, they didn't deny excluding foreigners clearly.
- 室町幕府や戦国大名なども市場や道路などのいわゆる「アジール」的な場所での質取行為は禁止したものの、前述の地縁に関する認識の存在と慣習法としての一般認識の存在、他に債務者に対して債務返済への心理的圧力としてある程度までは有効性があったことから、規制は行われても禁止にまで踏み切った法は存在しなかった。
- While the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) banned Shichitorikoi in so-called sanctuary-like places such as markets and streets, there were only restrictions and was no law to ban the actions because Shichitorikoi was effective as the existence of the above-mentioned cognition of the group responsibility in a local community and the general cognition as a common law and mental pressure on the debtor to pay for his or her debt.
- 日本国外では、手で握る作業を不潔なものと見なし職人が薄いゴム手袋やビニール手袋を嵌めることを求められている規則があるが、日本においては魚介を生食する料理の調理を素手で行うことは家庭でも行われているごく一般的な手法であるうえ、職人の微妙な手指の感覚を阻害するものであると見なされ、そのような習慣はない。
- In other countries, work done by hand is considered unsanitary, and there are regulations demanding sushi chefs wear thin rubber gloves or plastic gloves, but, Japan has no such custom because a method of preparing seafood eaten in fresh by hand is a very general method conducted even at home, and it is considered that rubber gloves or plastic gloves may dull a delicate sense of touch by chef's fingers.
- かつて江戸時代初期のように四季醸造という生産体制が、人々の年中サイクルの中に組み込まれ息づいていたころには、ちょうど今でいう「季節もの」や「天然もの」の野菜や魚のように、寒造りされた酒はその他の酒と区別され「寒酒」として味わわれたようであるが、そうした習慣は、現在は一般的には消滅してしまっているといえる。
- The shikijozo production system was incorporated in the annual cycle of people of the early Edo Period similar to the 'seasonal' or 'natural' vegetables or fish of nowadays, and the sake that was made with kanzukuri process was treated apart from other sake, but the custom has disappeared now.
- 鉄火巻の名前の由来は、マグロの赤身が熱した鉄に似ているからという説、当時マグロを生で食べる習慣がなく、それをネタに使うことがとんでもないこと(まるで熱した鉄に触るようなもの)から「鉄火」と呼ばれるようになったという説や、昔、鉄火場(賭博場)で博打をしながら食べられる手軽な食事だったからだという説などがある。
- There are many explanations regarding the origin of the name, Tekkamaki, such that tuna's red flesh resembles red-hot iron, or it came to be called 'tekka' (iron fire) because, in those days, it was not the custom to eat raw tuna so using tuna flesh as an ingredient was a ridiculous thing (just like to touch hot iron), or, in old days, sushi was a kind of fast food which people could eat them while enjoying gambling at a tekkaba (gambling room).
- 秀就の子・綱広以降の江戸時代には偏諱を受ける相手は徳川将軍となり(称松平・賜諱の家格とされた)、世子は元服時に将軍諱の下の字(○)を受け、「○元」などと名乗る習わしであった(しかし、「○元」と名乗る場合はむしろ少なくなり、「○広」、「○就」、「○房」、「○親」、「○熙」など他の通字を使用するケースが多くなった)。
- During the Edo period after Tsunahiro, who was Hidenari's son, the Mori clan was granted to use a portion of the first names of the Tokugawa Shogun, and the heirs of the Mori clan used names that employed the last letter of the names of shogun for the half of their names, as 'O元' (However, it was becoming more common to use tsuji, distinctive character used in the names of all of them belonging to a single clan or lineage, such as 'O広,' 'O就,' 'O房,' 'O親,' and 'O熙'.)
- 饅頭(まんとう)は伝承によれば、3世紀の三国志の蜀の宰相・諸葛亮が孟獲との南征の帰途、川の氾濫を沈めるために川の神へと人身御供を立てて、人の首を川に沈めるという風習を改めさせようと小麦粉で練った皮に羊・豚の肉を詰めそれを人間の頭に見立てて川に投げ込んだところ川の氾濫が静まった故事からこの料理が始まったという説がある。
- According to the lore, the dish of mantou originated in the historical fact that a flood subsided after a kneaded flour dough stuffed with mutton and pork, which imitated a human head was thrown into a river in order to change the custom of sinking a human head into a river for human sacrifice to stop floods when Zhuge LIANG, the prime minister of Shu in the Sanguo Zhi (History of the Three Kingdoms) was on his way back from southern expedition to attack Meng HUO in the third century.
- 現状としては内陸型工業団地としては比較的大規模な長田野工業団地が高度経済成長を経た1974年(昭和49年)に整備着手がなされたことによる、工業や商業が主な福知山の産業になっているが、それらのかつての伝統と歴史を復活させようと総合的な学習の時間で学ばせる教育機関や、そういった活動の趣旨の民間団体が結成されるなどの動きも見られる。
- Currently heavy industries and commerce are the main industries of Fukuchiyama due to the development of Osadano Industrial Park (comparatively large inland industrial parks), which started in 1974 after the rapid economic growth; the development of this park has spawned some movements by educational institutions to implement a comprehensive curriculum to teach former traditions and history, together with the formation of private organizations which aim to carry out such activities.
- 昭和21年(1946年)10月から昭和25年(1950年)12月まで、昭和天皇の「西洋の思想と習慣を学ぶ」という方針に従い、アメリカ合衆国の著名な児童文学者にしてクエーカー教徒のエリザベス・ヴァイニング(日本では「ヴァイニング夫人」として知られている。enElizabeth_Gray_Vining)が家庭教師として就き、その薫陶を受ける。
- Following the policy of the Emperor Showa, 'Learn the thought and custom of the West,' he studied from October 1946 to December 1950 under a Quaker enElizabeth_Gray_Vining, a famous juvenile literary person in the U.S. (in Japan, she was known as 'Mrs. Vining'), who was invited as a tutor.
- 『仮名手本忠臣蔵』の大星由良之助、『伽羅先代萩』の荒獅子男之助、『勧進帳』の武蔵坊弁慶、『博多小女郎浪枕』の毛剃、『暫』の鎌倉権五郎、『助六所縁江戸櫻』の花川戸助六、『天紛衣上野初花』の河内山宗俊、『助六』の大口屋暁雨、『菅原伝授手習鑑』の菅原道真や武部源蔵、『増補桃山譚』の加藤清正、『妹背山婦女庭訓』の大判事やお三輪など、当り役も数多い。
- Many of his star roles were as follows: Arajishi Otokonosuke in'Kanadehon Chushingura' (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers), Musashibo Benkei in'Kanjincho,' Kesori in 'Hakata Kojoro Namimakura,' Gongoro KAMAKURA in 'Shibaraku,' Hanakawado Sukeroku in 'Sukeroku Yukarino Edozakura,' Soshun KOCHIYAMA in 'Kumonimagou Ueno no Hatsuhana,' Gyou OGUCHIYA in 'Sukeroku,' SUGAWARA no Michizane and Genzo TAKEBE in 'Sugawara Denju Tenanai Tekagami,' Kiyomasa KATO in 'Zoho Momoyama Monogatari,' a daihanji or Omiya in 'Imoseyama Onna Teikin' and so on.
- 維新期の皇后として社会事業振興の先頭に立ち、華族女学校(現学習院女子部)や、お茶の水の東京女子師範学校(現お茶の水女子大学)の設立、日本赤十字社の発展などに大きく寄与した(赤十字社の正式紋章「赤十字桐竹鳳凰章」は、紋章制定の相談を受けた際、皇后がたまたま被っていた冠が桐と竹の組み合わせで出来ていた事から、「これがよかろう」という事で決められたという)。
- As an empress after the Restoration, Shoken took the lead in social work promotion and greatly contributed to the establishment of Kazoku Jogakko (present day Gakushuin School Corporation Girl's Division) and Tokyo Joshi Shikan Gakko (present day Ochanomizu University), along with the development of the Japanese Red Cross Society and others (it is said that the official crest for the Red Cross Society, the 'Red Cross Kiritake Phoenix,' was decided on from the crown, made by a combination of paulownia wood and bamboo, which Shoken happened to be wearing on the occasion she was consulted for the decision of the crest.
- 数少ない例外として、14代大夫の観世清親とともに世阿弥伝書の収集に尽力した15代大夫の観世元章が、1772年に『習道書』に注釈を加えて出版し、座衆の一部に配布したこと、元章の後援者であった田安宗武が観世大夫が所蔵する本の一部を書写したこと、そして1818年に柳亭種彦が家康の蔵書であった『申楽談儀』を手に入れ、周囲の文人数名が写本を作ったことが挙げられる。
- As only a few exceptions, together with the 14th Tayu, Kiyochika KANZE, the 15th Tayu, Motoakira KANZE, who endeavored to collect Zeami Densho, published 'Shudosho' (Learning the Way) in 1772 adding annotation and distributed to a part of Za-shu; and Munetake TAYASU, Motoaki's sponsor, transcribed a part of books owned by Kanze Tayu; and in 1818, Tanehiko RYUTEI obtained 'Sarugaku Dangi' (Talks about Sarugaku), which was included in Ieyasu's collection and several men of letters around his transcribed it.
- その理由は、「仲哀天皇がいまだ崩御していないという建前をとったためその代理だから」という意味か、または「特に理由はなく、称制も広義の摂政の中の一種という建前でただ慣習的に称制という言葉が使われなかっただけ」というわけなのか、あるいは「応神天皇は胎中天皇と称されたように胎児の頃からすでに正式な天皇であってその代理」という主旨なのか、いずれにしてもよくわからない。
- The reason for above is unknown, although there are some possibilities of the following, 'since Emperor Chuai's death was not announced officially after he died, and it was temporary measure,' or 'there was no particular reason, the word Shosei was being used as a custom, since it also meant Regent after all,' or 'Shosei meant temporarily government since Emperor Ojin was officially considered as proper Emperor and he was called Emperor Taichu (Taichu means inside mother's womb).'
- 黒・藍色系統では、「公家荒」と呼ばれる国家転覆を狙う大悪人(菅原伝授手習鑑の藤原時平)の隈や、嫉妬の鬼と化した女性の「般若隈」(道成寺の白拍子花子、その本性は清姫)、女妖怪に使う「鬼女隈」(紅葉狩の鬼女紅葉や戻橋の女に化けた鬼など)、荒れ狂う悪霊の怨念を表した「亡霊隈」(船弁慶の平知盛)など猛々しさは紅色の隈取に匹敵するが、冷酷であったり妖力を使う悪役のものである。
- Black and navy was used for the make-up of 'Kugeare' (wild kuge (noble)), who was the villain (FUJIWARA no Sihei of 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami') that schemed to overthrow the government, female that turned into ogre with jealousy ('hannya-guma' (makeup like hannya, female demon) (Shirabyoshi (a women who play Shirabyoshi (Japanese traditional dance)) Hanako of 'Musume Dojoji' (Young Woman) whose real name was Kiyohime (Princess Kiyo)), female monster 'kijo-kuma' (makeup like a female ogre) (female ogre that gathered autumn leaves or ogre that disguised itself as the female of Modori-bashi bridge, 'borei-guma' (ghost make-up) that expressed the grudge of crazed evil spirit (TAIRA no Tomomori of Funa Benkei) that roughness equaled that of crimson colored Kumadori, but used on villains who were cruel or used spiritual power.
- また、日本では、一在野の史家の論ではあるが、「黒歯国」は当時の朝鮮や中国などでは日本の異称として知られていたことから、倭国(日本)に派遣されて、長期滞在(日本書紀などに見られる百済の王族などの人質などを想定)し、それらの王族が帰国後、倭国の文化であった歯を黒く染める風習(お歯黒)を百済に持ち込んだために、百済の人々から「黒歯」氏とよばれ、それが定着したとする論もある。
- In Japan, some amateur historians speculate that, since the 'Kokushi-koku' was known as another name of Japan in Korea and China at that time, the Baekje royal family members were sent to Wakoku (Japan) and stayed there for a long time (assuming that the hostages that appeared in the Nihonshoki [Chronicles of Japan] included these Baekje royal family members), and as these royal family members brought back a Japanese habit of painting one's teeth black, Baekje people called them the Kokushi (literally, 'black-teeth') family, which gradually became a widely-used name in the country.
- また、当時は商人に高等教育はいらないという考え方が支配的だったが、商業教育にも力を入れ商法講習所(現一橋大学)、大倉喜八郎との関係で大倉商業学校(現東京経済大学)の設立に協力したほか、創立者大隈重信との関係で早稲田大学、創立者三島中洲との親交で二松学舎(現二松学舎大学)、野田(大塊)卯太郎との誼で学校法人国士舘(創立者・柴田徳次郎)、井上馨に乞われ同志社大学(創立者・新島襄)の寄付金の取り纏めに関わった。
- Although there were ruling thoughts that higher education was not required for merchants at that time, he emphasized commercial education and cooperated for the establishment of Shoho Koushujo (current Hitotsubashi University) and Okura shogyo school (current Tokyo Keizai University) due to the relationship with Kihachiro OKURA, Waseda University due to the relationship with Shigenobu OKUMA and Nishogakusha (current Nishogakusha University) due to close relationship with the founder Nakasu MISHIMA, and Kokushikan (founder: Tokujiro SHIBATA) due to the relationship with Utaro NODA (Taikai) and was involved in coordination of donation for Doshisha University (founder: Joe NIJIMA) at the request of Kaoru INOUE.
- 天皇という呼称は律令制(「儀制令」)に規定があり、祭祀においては「天子」、詔書には「天皇」、華夷においては(国内外にむけては)「皇帝」、臣下がすぐそばから呼びかける時には「陛下」、皇太子など後継者に譲位した場合は「太上天皇(だいじょうてんのう)」、外出時には「乗輿」、行幸時には「車駕」という7つの呼び方が定められているがこれらはあくまで書記(表記)に用いられるもので、どう書いてあっても読みは風俗(当時の習慣)に従って「すめみまのみこと」や「すめらみこと」等と称するとある(特に祭祀における「天子」は「すめみまのみこと」と読んだ)。
- A regulation in the ritsuryo codes ('Gisei-ryo,' or the regulation of ceremonies code) regarding the title to be used for the Tenno states that the Emperor should be called 'Sumemimanomikoto,' 'Sumeramikoto,' or another such title in accordance with the customs of that time; this was despite the fact that there were already seven ways of addressing the Emperor—'Tenshi' at ceremonies, 'Tenno' in Shosho (imperial edicts or decrees), 'Kotei' in relations with China (domestic and diplomatic), 'Heika' when addressed by vassals in close proximity, 'Daijo-Tenno' when retired, 'Joyo' when going out, and 'Shaga' when traveling—because these names are only used in writing ('Tenshi' attending ceremonies in particular were addressed as 'Sumemimanomikoto').