義務: 2000 Terms and Phrases

• 義務
• duty
• obligation
• responsibility
• incumbent
• burden
• commitment
• devoir
• liability
• peculiar
• Obligations
• mandatory

• 義務感
• sense of duty (obligation)

• 義務的
• compulsory
• obligatory
• obligatorily
• compulsorily
• incumbent
• obligately

• 義務者
• bearer of a duty

• 義務等
• Obligations, etc.

• 義務論
• Deontological ethics

• 監護義務
• custodial duties

• 義務教育
• compulsory education
• mandatory education

• 義務付け
• obligation

• 守秘義務
• duty of confidentiality (concerning private matters learned through one's business)
• duty to secrecy
• obligation to keep secrets
• Confidentiality Obligation

• 就学義務
• compulsory school attendance

• 注意義務
• duty of care
• duty to warn

• 納税義務
• tax liability

• 扶養義務
• duty to support (a person)
• maintenance obligation

• 返還義務
• obligation of restitution

• 遵守義務
• observance obligation
• compliance obligation

• 報告義務
• duty to report
• Obligation to Report
• Obligation of Report
• mandatory reporting

• 給水義務
• obligation of water supply

• 義務年限
• obligatory term

• 努力義務
• non-binding obligation

• 調査義務
• duty to investigate

• 忠実義務
• fiduciary duty
• Duty of Loyalty

• 付随義務
• collateral contract duty

• 義務違反
• breach of duty

• 釈明義務
• clarification duty

• 信任義務
• fiduciary duty

• 義務的な
• bounden
• compulsory
• deontic
• obligatory

• する義務
• liability to ~

• 公平義務
• Duty of Equity

• 証人義務
• Witness's Obligation

• 鑑定義務
• Obligation to Give Expert Testimony

• 納付義務
• Obligation to Pay

• 予納義務
• Obligation to Prepay

• 開示義務
• Obligation for disclosure

• 供給義務
• Obligation to Supply

• 検査義務
• Duty to Inspect

• 賠償義務
• Obligation for Compensation

• 在留義務
• Duty to stay

• 説明義務
• Obligation of Explanation

• 表示義務
• Obligation of Labeling

• 義務兵役
• compulsory military service

• 義務権限
• obligational authority

• 編集義務
• editorial duties

• 義務論理
• Deontic logic

• 警告義務
• duty to warn

• 義務づける
• to obligate

• 義務を課す
• to place an obligation
• to impose a duty
• to obligate

• 義務的経費
• mandatory expense
• required expenses

• 義務付ける
• to obligate
• bind

• 共同義務者
• co-debtor

• 償還義務者
• guarantor (of a payment)

• 納税義務者
• taxpayer

• 不当な義務
• undue obligation

• 扶養義務者
• person under duty to support
• Supporter under Duty

• 義務の陳述
• statement of obligation

• 義務的意味
• deontic meaning

• 財政的義務
• financial obligation

• 義務の履行
• performance of duties

• 義務履行地
• place of performance

• 信任義務者
• a fiduciary

• 義務の消滅
• acquittance

• 義務がある
• bound

• 義務を怠る
• delinquent

• 義務である
• liable

• 神聖な義務
• sanctity

• 加入義務等
• Obligation to join, etc.

• 調査の義務
• Obligation of Research
• Duty of Evaluation
• Obligation to Investigate
• Obligation of Investigation

• 検定の義務
• Obligation of Verification

• 出版の義務
• Obligation of publication

• 協力の義務
• Duty of Cooperation

• 報告の義務
• Duty to Report
• Duty of Reporting
• Obligation to Report

• 送還の義務
• Duty to Send Back

• 検査の義務
• Obligation to Conduct Inspection

• 登録の義務
• Obligation for Registration

• 隔離の義務
• Obligation to Isolate

• と殺の義務
• Obligation to Slaughter

• 認証の義務
• Certification Obligation

• 届出の義務
• Obligation of Notification

• 認定の義務
• Obligation of Accreditation

• 供給義務等
• Obligation to Supply, etc.

• 問屋の義務
• Obligations of Toiya

• 確認の義務
• Duty of Confirmation

• 義務の祝日
• a holy day of obligation

• 仕事の義務
• the duties of the job

• 市民の義務
• civic duties

• 正式な義務
• formal duties

• 義務投票制
• Compulsory voting

• 義務不履行
• delinquency

• 守秘義務違反
• abuse of confidentiality

• 秘密保持義務
• duty of confidentiality
• Obligation of Confidentiality
• Confidentiality Obligations
• Obligation to Maintain Confidentiality
• Obligation to Preserve Confidentiality
• Secrecy Obligation
• Obligations of Confidentiality
• Confidentiality Protective Obligation
• Confidentiality Obligations, etc.
• Security Obligation

• 職務専念義務
• duty of devotion to service

• 資料提出義務
• obligation to supply information

• 競業避止義務
• duty to refrain from competition

• 義務があって
• amenable

• 義務不履行の
• delinquent

• 義務に関する
• deontic

• 義務を捨てる
• desert

• 義務もなくて
• free as a bird
• free as air [the air]
• free as the wind

• 義務を果たす
• fulfill
• redeem
• discharge one's duties

• 義務を負わす
• impose

• 調査の義務等
• Obligation, etc. of Investigation

• 分別管理義務
• Duty to Segregate Property

• 文書提出義務
• Obligation to Submit Document

• 善管注意義務
• Duty of Due Care of Prudent Manager

• 従事者の義務
• Obligation of Employees

• 基準遵守義務
• Compliance with Standards

• 基準適合義務
• Obligation to Conform to Standards
• Obligation of Conformity to Standards

• 認証の義務等
• Certification Obligation, etc.

• 弁理士の義務
• Duty of Patent Attorney

• 点検実施義務
• Duty to Conduct Inspection

• 理事官の義務
• Obligation of Investigator

• 条約遵守義務
• The obligation of complying with the treaty

• 国の援助義務
• Assistance Obligation of the State

• 生活上の義務
• Obligation in Daily Life

• 費用返還義務
• Obligation to Refund Expenses

• 源泉徴収義務
• Withholding Liability

• 義務の不履行
• breach of a duty

• 義務的な貢献
• an obligatory contribution

• 管理者の義務
• curatorial duties

• 契約上の義務
• contractual obligations

• 義務付けの訴え
• mandamus action

• 義務のないこと
• no obligation to perform

• 権利および義務
• Rights and Obligations

• 再商品化義務量
• required recycling volume

• 特定の貿易義務
• specific trade obligation

• 従う義務のある
• amenable

• 義務を遂行する
• faithful

• 行う義務のある
• incumbent

• 義務を負わせる
• obligate

• 権利義務の承継
• Succession to Rights and Obligations
• Succession of Right and Duty

• 受託者の義務等
• Duties, etc. of a Trustee

• 計算の報告義務
• Duty to Make a Report of Account

• 秘密保持義務等
• Obligation of Confidentiality, etc.
• Duty to Keep Confidential, Etc.
• Secrecy Obligation, etc.
• Obligation to protect secrecy, etc.
• Obligation of secrecy, etc.
• Obligation to Maintain Confidentiality
• Responsibility for Maintaining Secrecy, etc.
• Confidentiality Obligations, etc.
• Obligation to Keep Secrets, etc.
• Duty of Non-disclosure
• Secrecy Obligations, etc.
• Confidentiality Obligation, etc.

• 秘密を守る義務
• Obligation to Preserve Secrecy
• Obligation of Confidentiality
• Obligation to Observe Secrecy
• Duty to protect secret
• Duty to Keep Secrets

• 社員の権利義務
• Rights and Obligations of Members

• 上陸防止の義務
• Duty to Prevent Landing

• 基準適合義務等
• Obligation to Conform to Standards, etc.
• Duty to Conform to Requirements, etc.
• Obligation, etc. of Conformity to Standards
• Obligation of Standards Compliance, etc.
• Duty to Conform with Standards, etc.
• Duty to Conform to Standards, etc.

• 会則を守る義務
• Obligation to Observe the Constitution
• Duty to observe the regulations
• Obligation to observe Articles of Association
• Duty to observe the articles of association of an association

• 技術士等の義務
• Obligation of Professional Engineer, etc.

• 業務の実施義務
• Duty to Implement Work

• 事業着手の義務
• Obligation to Start Business

• 原状回復の義務
• Obligation of Recovery

• 完成検査の義務
• Duties of Completion Inspection

• 問屋の権利義務
• Rights and obligations of Toiya

• 報告義務不遵守
• Non-compliance with reporting requirements

• 保護施設の義務
• Obligations of a Public Assistance Facility

• 法人の納税義務
• Tax Liabilities of Corporations

• 連結納税義務者
• Consolidated Taxpayer

• 義務的にさせる
• make mandatory

• 義務的な態度で
• in an obligatory manner

• 条件付きの義務
• stipulatory obligations

• 私の必須の義務
• my bounden duty

• 公共サービス義務
• public service obligation

• 結果としての義務
• obligation de resultat

• 法的に義務づける
• bind over

• ～する義務がある
• be bound to ~

• ～の義務を負わす
• impose

• 義務を負わされた
• obligate

• ～する義務を負う
• take upon [on] oneself
• undertake to ~

• 受託者の注意義務
• The Trustee's Duty of Care

• 前受託者の義務等
• Duties, etc. of the Former Trustee

• 信託管理人の義務
• Duties of the Trust Caretaker

• 信託監督人の義務
• Duties of a Trust Supervisor

• 設立企画人の義務
• Obligations of the Organizer(s)

• 管理人の注意義務
• Duty of Care of an Administrator

• 手形等の提示義務
• Obligation to Present a Negotiable Instrument

• 賃借人の通知義務
• Obligation of Lessee to Give Notice

• 受任者の注意義務
• Duty of Care of Mandatary

• 受寄者の通知義務
• Obligation of Depositary to Give Notice

• 管理者の通知義務
• Obligation of Managers to Give Notice

• 顧客に対する義務
• Duties to Customers

• 社員の権利義務等
• Rights and Obligations of Members, etc.

• 旅券等の確認義務
• Duty to Check Passports or Other Documents

• 艦長等の配慮義務
• Obligation of consideration of the Commanding officer, etc.

• 事業の開始の義務
• Obligation to Commence Business

• 熱量等の測定義務
• Obligation to Measure Calorific Value, etc.

• 公認会計士の義務
• Obligations of Certified Public Accountants

• 患畜等の届出義務
• Obligation to Notify Concerning Affected Animals

• 適合性検査の義務
• Duty to Undergo Conformity Inspection
• Obligation to Conduct Conformity Assessment

• 温度等の測定義務
• Obligation to Measure Temperature, etc.

• 権利義務の承継等
• Succession, etc. to Rights and Obligations

• 周知させる義務等
• Duty of Adequate Information, etc.

• 海事補佐人の義務
• Obligation of Maritime Counselor

• 意見を述べる義務
• Duty to State one's opinions

• 皇族の特権と義務
• Privileges and Obligations of the Imperial Family

• 法令等の周知義務
• Dissemination of Laws and Regulations, etc.

• 労働者の使用義務
• Workers' Obligation to Use Personal Protective Equipment

• 指示等に従う義務
• Obligation to Follow Instructions, etc.

• 秘密を守る義務等
• Duty to Maintain the Confidentiality of Secrets

• 講習会の実施義務
• Obligation to Organize Training Sessions

• 統治の領域と義務
• Sphere and Duties of Government

• 義務を超えた努力
• an effort above and beyond the call of duty

• 義務付けられない
• not obligated

• 義務か責任がない
• free from duties or responsibilities

• 仕事や義務の回避
• the evasion of work or duty

• 道徳的に義務的な
• morally obligatory

• 義務から除かれる
• remove oneself from an obligation

• 二酸化炭素削減義務
• carbon dioxide reducing obligation

• 義務履行勧告申し出
• request for mandatory compliance

• 説明する義務がある
• accountable

• 指図権者の忠実義務
• Duty of Loyalty of Persons Authorized to Give Directions

• 受益者代理人の義務
• Duties of a Beneficiary's Agent

• 資産保管会社の義務
• Obligations of Asset Custody Companies

• 監督委員の注意義務
• Supervisor's Duty of Care

• 不当利得の返還義務
• Obligation to Return Unjust Enrichment

• 破産者等の説明義務
• Obligation of Explanation of the Bankrupt, etc.

• 権利者に対する義務
• Duties to Right Holders

• 職務に専念する義務
• Obligation to Give Undivided Attention to Duty

• 国民の権利及び義務
• RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE PEOPLE

• 行政文書の開示義務
• Obligation to disclose Administrative Documents

• 排出量等の開示義務
• Duty of Disclosure of Release Amounts, etc.

• 技術基準適合義務等
• Duty to Conform to Technical Standards

• 被収容者の清潔義務
• Inmates' Duty to Cleanliness
• Detainees' Duty to Cleanliness

• 銀行等の確認義務等
• Confirmation Obligation, etc. of the Banks, etc.

• 取締役への報告義務
• Duty to Report to Directors

• 適合性検査の義務等
• Obligation to Conduct Conformity Inspection, etc.
• Duty to Undergo Conformity Inspection, etc.
• Obligation to Conduct Conformity Assessment, etc.

• 引取業者の引取義務
• Collection Obligation of Collection Operators

• 引取業者の引渡義務
• Delivery Obligation of Collection Operator

• 解体業者の引取義務
• Collection Obligation of Dismantling Operators

• 破砕業者の引取義務
• Collection Obligation of Shredding and Sorting Operators

• 特定社員の登録義務
• Obligation of Registration of Specified Partners

• 報告及び通報の義務
• Obligation to Report and Notify

• 死体の焼却等の義務
• Obligation to Incinerate Carcasses

• 畜舎等の消毒の義務
• Obligation to Disinfect Animal Quarters

• 水面使用の権利義務
• Rights and Obligations concerning the Use of Waters

• 承認取得者の義務等
• Obligations of Approval Recipient

• 安全管理審査の義務
• Obligation to Conduct Safety Management Examination

• 戸主権・戸主の義務
• The rights and obligations of a family head

• 国民の努力及び義務
• Citizen's Efforts and Obligations

• 作成及び届出の義務
• Responsibility for Drawing up and Submitting

• 指定医療機関の義務
• Obligations of Designated Medical Care Providers

• 彼は義務を怠った。
• He neglected his duties.

• 非居住者の納税義務
• Tax Liabilities of Nonresidents

• 外国法人の納税義務
• Tax Liabilities of Foreign Corporations

• 操縦者の見張り義務
• Pilot's Obligation for Keeping Watch

• 運行管理者等の義務
• Duties of Operation Manager, etc

• 法律上の義務の違反
• a breach of a legal duty

• 義務により拘束する
• bind by an obligation

• 出席は義務的である
• attendance is mandatory

• 全職員の義務と責任
• Duties and Responsibilities of all staff members

• 義務履行勧告申出事件
• case for advice to fulfill obligations

• 点火時期調整義務付け
• mandatory ignition timing adjustment

• 排出抑止装置義務付け
• mandatory installation of emission control device

• 高貴な身分ゆえの義務
• noblesse oblige

• 信託会社の忠実義務等
• Trust Companies' Duty of Loyalty, etc.

• 会計監査人の注意義務
• Accounting Auditor's Duty of Care

• 承認管財人の注意義務
• Recognition Trustee's Duty of Care

• 承認管財人の報告義務
• Recognition Trustee's Duty to Report

• 陳述義務の一部の免除
• Partial Exemption from the Obligation of Statement

• 債務者又は開示義務者
• The obligor or the person obliged to disclose

• 文書の提出義務の原因
• The grounds for the obligation to submit the document

• 無償受寄者の注意義務
• Duty of Care of Gratuitous Depositary

• 包括受遺者の権利義務
• Rights and Duties of Testamentary Donee by a Universal Succession

• 遺言執行者の権利義務
• Rights and Duties of Executor

• 破産管財人の注意義務
• Bankruptcy Trustee's Duty of Care

• 相続人等の説明義務等
• Obligation of Explanation of Heir, etc.

• 受託者等の説明義務等
• Obligation of Explanation of Trustee, etc.

• 顧客に対する誠実義務
• Duty of Good Faith to Customers

• 秘密を守る義務の特例
• Special Provision for Obligation to Preserve Secrecy

• 製造業者等の協力義務
• Obligation of cooperation by manufacturers, etc.

• 具体的態様の明示義務
• Obligation to clarify specific conditions [of infringement]
• Obligation to Clarify the Specific Conditions of Infringement
• Obligation to clarify the specific conditions (of infringement)

• 供給約款等の公表義務
• Obligation to Publicize General Supply Provisions, etc.

• ガスの成分の検査義務
• Obligation to Inspect Gas Components

• ガス主任技術者の義務
• Obligations of Chief Gas Engineer

• 組合員の権利及び義務
• Rights and Obligations of the Partners
• RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF PARTNERS

• 名称を使用する義務等
• Obligation to Use the Denomination

• 認定を受けた者の義務
• Duty of Accredited Persons

• 登録を受けた者の義務
• Duties of a Person Who Has Registered His/Her Container Reinspection Station

• 役員等の秘密保持義務
• Obligation to Maintain Secrecy of Officers and Staff

• 弁護士の権利及び義務
• The Rights and Obligations of an attorney

• 法律事務所の届出義務
• Duty to report regarding a law office

• 委嘱事項等を行う義務
• Duty to perform entrusted matters, etc.

• 依頼不承諾の通知義務
• Duty to give notice of decision not to undertake a case

• 第2章 臣民権利義務
• Chapter 2. Rights and Duties of Subjects

• 介護支援専門員の義務
• Obligations of a Long-Term Care Support Specialist

• 労働基準監督官の義務
• Duties of Labor Standards Inspectors

• 製造時等検査の義務等
• Obligation, etc., of Manufacturing Inspection, etc.

• 労働者の清潔保持義務
• Workers' Obligation to Maintain Cleanness

• 彼は義務を果たした。
• He discharged his duties.

• 彼は義務を固く守る。
• He is very observant of his duties.

• 義務または職務がない
• free from obligations or duties

• 義務的であると考える
• consider obligatory

• 仕事または義務の期間
• a period of work or duty

• 重要で急を要する義務
• some duty that is essential and urgent

• 監視義務を行う乗り物
• a vehicle performing sentinel duty

• 義務や債務からの免除
• immunity from an obligation or duty

• 義務と一致しない願望
• desires at variance with his duty

• 金銭的責任と補償義務
• Financial responsibility and duty to compensate

• 義務承継人の訴訟引受け
• assumption of suit by successor of obligation

• 信託財産管理者の義務等
• Trust Property Administrator's Duties, etc.

• 委託者の権利義務の承継
• Succession to the Rights and Obligations of the Settlor

• 監護及び教育の権利義務
• Right and Duty of Care and Education

• 特定投資家への告知義務
• Obligation to Notify Professional Investors

• 取引態様の事前明示義務
• Obligation to Clarify Conditions of Transactions in Advance

• 役職員の秘密保持義務等
• Obligation of Confidentiality, etc. of Officers and Employees
• Obligation of Confidentiality of Officers and Employees and Other Matters

• 支援センター等の義務等
• Duties of the JLSC, etc.

• 保有個人情報の開示義務
• Obligation to Disclose Retained Personal Information

• 保有個人情報の訂正義務
• Obligation to Correct Retained Personal Information

• 土壌汚染状況調査の義務
• Obligation of Soil Contamination Investigation

• 銀行等の本人確認義務等
• Obligation to Identify Customers, etc. of the Banks, etc.

• 船舶等の長等の協力義務
• Duty of Cooperation of the Captain, etc. of a Vessel or Aircraft

• 理事及び監事の説明義務
• Accountability of Directors and Auditors

• 使用済自動車の引渡義務
• Obligation to Deliver End-of-Life Vehicles

• 設定登録等の実施義務等
• Obligation, etc. of Registration of Establishment, etc.

• 汚染物品の焼却等の義務
• Obligation to Incinerate Contaminated Objects

• 技術士等の秘密保持義務
• Obligation of secrecy by professional engineers or associate professional engineers

• 組合財産の分別管理義務
• Obligations to Separately Manage Partnership Assets

• 供給条件についての義務
• Obligation Regarding Supply Conditions

• 秘密保持の権利及び義務
• Right and duty to maintain confidentiality

• 義務付けの訴えの要件等
• Requirements for Mandamus Actions

• 日本による韓国防衛義務
• Japan's obligation of defence of the Korean territories

• 被保護者の権利及び義務
• Rights and Obligations of Public Assistance Recipients

• 彼女は義務を果たした。
• She performed her duties.

• 譲渡時の本人確認義務等
• Identification Confirmation Obligation, etc. at the Time of Transfer

• 陪審に勤める市民の義務
• the civic duty to serve on a jury

• 法的義務を決定する基準
• the standard for determining legal duty

• 義務と許可の様相論理学
• the modal logic of obligation and permissibility

• 責任があなたにある義務
• a duty that is incumbent upon you

• 納税義務額に使われる率
• rate used to calculate tax liability

• 支払うか、何かする義務
• an obligation to pay or do something

• 義務へのひたむきな献身
• a single devotion to duty

• Aに～する義務を負わせる
• obligate A to ~

• 悪意の受益者の返還義務等
• Obligation of Beneficiaries in Bad Faith to Return

• 同居、協力及び扶助の義務
• Duty to Live Together, Cooperate, and Provide Mutual Assistance

• 破産者の重要財産開示義務
• Obligation of Disclosure of Important Property of the Bankrupt

• 講習事務の実施に係る義務
• Obligations Pertaining to Implementation of Training Affairs

• 個人情報取扱事業者の義務
• Duties of Entities Handling Personal Information

• 施設の長の通告義務の特則
• Special provision on the reporting obligation of the warden

• 本人確認記録の作成義務等
• Obligation to Prepare a Record of Identity Confirmation
• Obligation to Prepare Identification Records, etc.

• エネルギー管理者等の義務
• Obligations of Type 1 Energy Managers, etc.

• 使用人等に対する監督義務
• Obligation to Supervise Employees, etc.

• 新疾病についての届出義務
• Obligation to Notify Concerning New Diseases

• 核物質防護管理者の義務等
• Duties, etc. of the Physical Protection Manager

• 核燃料取扱主任者の義務等
• Duties, etc. of the Chief Engineer of Nuclear Fuel

• 原子炉主任技術者の義務等
• Duties, etc. of the Chief Engineer of Reactors

• 廃棄物取扱主任者の義務等
• Duties, etc. of the Chief Engineer of Radioactive Waste

• 義務教育、小学校、中学校
• Compulsory education, elementary school, and junior high school

• 納付金の徴収及び納付義務
• Obligation of Collection of Payment and Obligation of Payment

• ガス工作物等設置者の義務
• Obligation of Persons Installing Gas Supply or Other Structures

• 機械等を操作する者の義務
• Obligations of Person Operating Machine, etc.

• 彼を援護するのが義務だ。
• It is incumbent on us to support him.

• 助けるのが我々の義務だ。
• It is our obligation to help.

• 人は義務を果たすべきだ。
• One should do one's duty.

• 義務を怠ってはならない。
• You are not to neglect your duty.

• 子供が親に対して持つ義務
• duty of a child to its parents

• 義務により独立を抑制する
• restrain from independence by an obligation

• 善悪の判断から生じる義務
• an obligation arising out of considerations of right and wrong

• ある規則や義務からの免除
• an exemption from some rule or obligation

• 人への倫理的義務のもとで
• under a moral obligation to someone

• あなたの義務に対する認識
• an awareness of your obligations

• 最低限の義務しかない地位
• an office that involves minimal duties

• 市民権の権利と義務を奪う
• strip of the rights and duties of citizenship

• 義務が私たちにのしかかる
• The onus fell on us

• 出席は義務づけられている
• attendance is obligatory

• まだ支払う義務のある金額
• the amount still owed

• 説得に従う義務がある誰か
• someone amenable to persuasion

• 陪審員の義務を免除される
• exempt from jury duty

• 呪術師の義務に関する覚書
• Memorandum Regarding Sorcerer Duties

• 任務終了の場合の報告義務等
• Recognition Trustee's Duty to Report upon Termination of Office, etc.

• 事務の委託を受けた者の義務
• Obligation of Persons Entrusted with Business Affairs

• 次に掲げる義務に係る請求権
• A claim arising from any of the following duties:

• 財産権上の訴え　義務履行地
• An action on a property right:　The place of performance of the obligation

• 財産の管理における注意義務
• Duty of Care in Administration of Property

• 個人情報取扱事業者の義務等
• Duties of Entities Handling Personal Information, etc.

• 扶養義務の準拠法の適用範囲
• Scope of the Application of the Law Applicable to the Obligation of Support

• 役員及び職員の秘密保持義務
• Officers' and Staff's Duty to Preserve Secrecy
• Confidentiality Obligations of Officers and Employees
• Officers' and Employees' Obligation of Confidentiality

• 保有個人情報の利用停止義務
• Obligation for Suspension of Use of Retained Personal Information

• 認可又は承認の申請の義務等
• Obligation to Apply for Approval or Recognition, etc.

• 金融機関等の本人確認義務等
• Obligation to Identify Customers, etc. of Financial Institutions, etc.

• 秘密保持義務に係る経過措置
• Transitional Measures Pertaining to Confidentiality Obligations

• 原委託者の義務に関する事項
• matters concerning the obligations of the Originator;

• 受託信託会社等の権利義務等
• Rights and Obligations, etc. of a Fiduciary Trust Company, etc.

• 供給約款等による供給の義務
• Obligation to Supply Gas under General Supply Provisions, etc.
• Obligation to Supply under General Supply Provisions, etc.

• フロン類回収業者の引取義務
• Collection Obligation of Fluorocarbons Recovery Operators

• フロン類回収業者の回収義務
• Recovery Obligation of Fluorocarbons Recovery Operators

• 自動車製造業者等の引取義務
• Collection Obligation of Vehicle Manufacturers, etc.

• 再資源化預託金等の預託義務
• Obligation to Deposit Recycling Deposit, etc.

• 特定疾病についての届出義務
• Obligation to Report Specified Diseases

• 製造等における基準適合義務
• Obligation of Conformity to Manufacturing Standards, etc.

• 保安検査等の義務及び検査員
• Duties of Safety Inspection, etc. and Inspectors

• 承認を受けた者の届出義務等
• Reporting Obligation of Persons Who Obtained Approval

• 指定を受けた者の届出義務等
• Reporting Obligation of a Person with the Designation

• 弁護士の義務等の規定の準用
• Mutatis mutandis application of provisions for the obligations, etc. of an attorney

• 仮の義務付け及び仮の差止め
• Provisional Order of Mandamus and Provisional Injunctive Order

• 彼は自分の義務を果たした。
• He performed high duty.

• 彼は慎重に義務を遂行した。
• He performed his duty with deliberation.

• 彼は義務怠慢で非難された。
• He was blamed for neglect of duty.

• 彼女を保護する義務がある。
• I am responsible for her protection.

• 法に従うのは我々の義務だ。
• It is our duty to obey the law.

• 彼女には義務の観念が無い。
• She has no sense of duty.

• 個人には権利と義務がある。
• An individual has rights and responsibilities.

• 私たちは義務を果たします。
• We fulfill our obligations.

• 自らの義務を果たすべきだ。
• You should carry out your duty.

• とにかく義務だけ果たした。
• At any rate, I did my duty.

• 義務を果たさねばならない。
• You must do your duty.

• 契約締結時の本人確認義務等
• Identification Confirmation Obligation, etc. In Concluding Contract

• 管理義務や責任を持つ事務員
• a secretary having administrative duties and responsibilities

• 約束または義務を遂行しない
• fail to fulfill a promise or obligation

• 法律、義務または倫理の違反
• the violation of a law or a duty or moral principle

• 財政上の義務を果たさない人
• someone who fails to meet a financial obligation

• 義務または任務を引き受ける
• take on duties or office

• 義務から一時的に解放された
• be relieved of one's duties temporarily

• 仕事または義務を離れる期間
• the period of time during which you are absent from work or duty

• 義務を果たすために誓約する
• commit in order to fulfill an obligation

• 債務を返済する義務を持つ人
• someone who has the obligation of paying a debt

• 義務または信用に忠実でない
• not true to an obligation or trust

• 宗教義務から実行された善行
• a good deed performed out of religious duty

• 義務が果たされるという保証
• a guarantee that an obligation will be met

• 別の当事者にお金を払う義務
• an obligation to pay money to another party

• 彼は仕事を終える義務がある
• he is under an obligation to finish the job

• 彼女は彼の義務を再定義した
• She redefined his duties

• 第三章 國民の權利及び義務
• CHAPTER III. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE PEOPLE

• 支出義務が生じる条件の検証
• verify the conditions under which payment falls due.

• 排出ガス減少装置装着義務付け
• mandatory installation of emission reduction device

• 高貴な身分に伴う徳義上の義務
• noblesse oblige

• そんな質問に答える義務はない
• be not obliged to answer such a question.

• 出資の義務を履行しないこと。
• a failure to perform the obligation of contribution;

• 信託に関する権利義務の承継等
• Succession, etc. to Rights and Duties Concerning the Trust

• 関係当事者の権利義務等の特例
• Special Rules on the Rights and Duties, etc. of the Relevant Parties

• 取引の相手方に対する明示義務
• Duty of Clear Indication to the Counterparty

• 取引に係る権利及び義務の承継
• Succession to the rights and obligations pertaining to transactions

• 役員及び職員等の秘密保持義務
• Confidentiality obligation of officers, employees, etc. of a Commodity Exchange
• Obligation of Confidentiality of Officers and Employees, etc.

• 限定承認をしたときの権利義務
• Rights and Duties upon Qualified Acceptance

• 破産管財人の情報提供努力義務
• Bankruptcy Trustee's Duty to Strive to Provide Information

• 役職員の秘密保持義務等の準用
• Application, Mutatis Mutandis, of Obligation of Confidentiality, etc. of Officers and Employees

• 扶養義務の準拠法に関する法律
• Act on the Law Applicable to the Obligation of Support

• 職務上の義務違反があるとき。
• When the officer neglects his or her duties

• 解体業者の再資源化実施義務等
• Obligation, etc. of Dismantling Operators to Implement Recycling

• 破砕業者の再資源化実施義務等
• Obligations, etc. of Shredding and Sorting Operators to Implement Recycling

• 原子力防災管理者の通報義務等
• Obligation to Notify, etc. of a Nuclear Emergency Preparedness Manager

• 伝染性疾病についての届出義務
• Obligation to Notify Concerning Infectious Diseases

• 病原体に触れた者の消毒の義務
• Obligation for Disinfection by Persons Exposed to Pathogens

• 技術士の名称表示の場合の義務
• Obligation to indicate name for professional engineers

• 使用済燃料取扱主任者の義務等
• Duties, etc. of the Chief Engineer of Spent Fuel

• 利用促進業務の実施に係る義務
• Obligations Pertaining to Performance of Usage Promotion Services

• 特定標準器による校正等の義務
• Obligation to Perform Calibration using Specified Standard Instruments

• 通知義務（b商法第557条）
• Duty to give notice (Article 557 of the commercial code)

• 民事上の義務違反に対するもの
• Karyo for violation of one's obligations or duties in civil affairs.

• 行政上の義務違反に対するもの
• Karyo for violation of one's obligations or duties in administrative matters.

• 第二款 町村住民及其権利義務
• Article 2. Residents of towns and villages/Their rights and duties

• 一般拠出金の徴収及び納付義務
• Collection of General Contributions and Obligations of Payment

• 特別拠出金の徴収及び納付義務
• Period for Registration

• 法律に従うのは我々の義務だ。
• It is our duty to obey the law.

• 母に対する義務からではなく。
• Not out of duty to my mother.

• 法律に従うことは皆の義務だ。
• To obey the laws is everyone's duty.

• 結論を下すのは君の義務です。
• It's up to you to make the decision.

• 私たちは法を守る義務がある。
• We are bound to obey laws.

• 私達は法律に従う義務がある。
• We are bound to obey the law.

• 私達は税金を払う義務がある。
• We have a legal obligation to pay our taxes.

• とにかく義務だけはすました。
• At any rate, I did my duty.

• ともかく義務だけは果たした。
• At any rate, I did my duty.

• 何よりも義務を優先すべきだ。
• Duty should come before anything else.

• 我々は法律に従う義務がある。
• We are bound to obey the law.

• 週末に軍の義務を果たす予備兵
• a reservist who fulfills the military obligation on weekends

• 財政上の義務を果たせないこと
• act of failing to meet a financial obligation

• 誰かに対して法律上義務がある
• under a legal obligation to someone

• 義務や責任に煩わされない時間
• time that is free from duties or responsibilities

• 義務、感謝、または謝意を表す
• express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for

• 利息が払われる財政的な義務の
• of financial obligations on which interest is paid

• その国家に忠誠の義務をもつ人
• a person who owes allegiance to that nation

• この規則は義務的に適用される
• this rule applies obligatorily

• 彼は義務を遊びより優先させる
• he puts duty before pleasure

• 君主は臣民に対する義務がある
• a monarch has a duty to his subjects

• 前受託者の通知及び保管の義務等
• Former Trustee's Duty to Give Notice and Retain Property, etc.

• 催告を受けた者の債権の届出義務
• Obligation of the Persons who Received a Notice to File Proofs of Their Claims

• 特定物の引渡しの場合の注意義務
• Duty of Care in cases of Delivery of Specified Things

• 遺贈義務者による費用の償還請求
• Claim for Reimbursement of Expenses Incurred by Person with Duty of Testamentary Gift

• 不特定物の遺贈義務者の担保責任
• Warranty Liability of Person Having Obligation for to Testamentary Gift for Unspecified Things

• 鑑定人に対する当事者の説明義務
• Obligation of the parties to explain to appraiser

• 建築物調査講習の実施に係る義務
• Obligations Pertaining to Provision of Building Investigation Training

• 弁理士の義務に関する規定の準用
• Mutatis mutandis application of provisions relating to the duty of patent attorney

• 外国法事務弁護士の権利及び義務
• Rights and Obligations of a Registered Foreign Lawyer

• 普通徴収に係る保険料の納付義務
• Payment Obligation of an Insurance Premium Pertaining to General Collection

• 義務教育に伴つて必要な通学用品
• School-commuting supplies necessary in line with compulsory education

• 彼が義務を果たすのが一番良い。
• It is best that he should do his duty.

• 法律に従うのはみんなの義務だ。
• To obey the law is everyone's duty.

• 全員出席を義務づけられている。
• Attendance is compulsory for all members.

• 私は義務を果たそうと努力した。
• I tried to fulfill my duty.

• 人は自分の義務を果たすべきだ。
• One should do one's duties.

• 君は自分の義務を果たすべきだ。
• You must perform your duty.

• ぼくには義務がありますのでね」
• Duty calls, you know.'

• 義務、負担あるいは罰として課す
• impose as a duty, burden, or punishment

• 厳粛な義務または命令を含むさま
• containing a solemn charge or command

• （軍職などの）義務を放棄する人
• a person who abandons their duty (as on a military post)

• 負債の支払い、または義務の遂行
• the payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation

• 義務に対する献身に基づいた孝心
• piety by virtue of devotion to duty

• 金銭的義務に見合うことのできる
• capable of meeting financial obligations

• 義務の承認においてなされる少額
• a small payment made in acknowledgement of an obligation

• 将校は部下の命を守る義務がある
• an officer is responsible for the lives of his men

• 彼はだれにも責任義務はなかった
• he was answerable to no one

• 時間とエネルギーを消費する義務
• duties consumptive of time and energy

• 彼はすべての義務的な謝罪をした
• he made all the obligatory apologies

• 兵役に関するすべての義務の免除
• exemption in respect of all obligations in respect of military service ;
• exemption in respect of all obligations in respect of military service;

• 登記義務者の氏名又は名称及び住所
• the name and address of the person obliged to register

• 官庁等の法務大臣に対する通知義務
• Duty of a Government Agency, etc. to Give Notice to the Minister of Justice
• Duty of Government Agencies, etc. to Notify the Minister of Justice

• 境界線付近の掘削に関する注意義務
• Duty of Care regarding Digging near Boundary Lines

• 責任無能力者の監督義務者等の責任
• Liability of Person Obligated to Supervise a Person without Capacity

• 特定容器利用事業者の再商品化義務
• Recycling Obligation of Specified Container Users

• 特定包装利用事業者の再商品化義務
• Recycling Obligation of Specified Packaging Users

• 弁理士の使用人等の秘密を守る義務
• Duty of employees of patent attorneys, etc. to protect secrecy

• 権利及び義務の承継に伴う経過措置
• Transitional Measures for Succession of Rights and Liabilities

• 名称使用義務等の違反に対する過料
• Civil Non-penal fine for Violation of the Obligation of Using a Denomination

• 承認製造事業者に係る基準適合義務
• Obligation of Approved Manufacturing Business Operator to Conform to Standards

• 承認輸入事業者に係る基準適合義務
• Obligation of Approved Import Business Operator to Conform to Standards

• 熊野神社も調査義務区域内だった。
• It applied to Kumano-jinja Shrine.

• 善管注意義務（b商法第644条）
• Due care of a prudent manager (Article 644 of the commercial code)

• 指値遵守義務（b商法第554条）
• Observance obligation of price limit (Article 554 of the commercial code)

• 民事訴訟上の義務違反に対するもの
• Karyo for violation of one's obligations or duties in civil suit.

• 法第三十二条第三項の請負人の義務
• Obligations of Contractor Set Forth in Paragraph (3) of Article 32 of the Act

• 法第三十二条第四項の請負人の義務
• Obligations of Contractors Set Forth in Paragraph (4) of Article 32 of the Act

• 法第三十二条第五項の請負人の義務
• Obligations of a Contractor Set Forth in Paragraph (5) of Article 32 of the Act

• 中央協会の役員等の秘密保持義務等
• Obligation of Confidentiality of Officers and Other Members of the Central Association

• 彼は忠実に自分の義務を果たした。
• He faithfully discharged his duty.

• 当事者双方に義務を負わせる協定。
• An agreement binding on both parties.

• 私は彼に返事をする義務があった。
• I was bound to answer him.

• 君はその義務を果たすべきである。
• You must perform your duty.

• 喜んで私の義務を果たしましょう。
• I'm quite agreeable to doing my duty.

• その仕事を終えるのは君の義務だ。
• It is up to you to finish the task.

• あなたを助けるのが私の義務です。
• It's my duty to help you.

• 義務を果たすように努力しなさい。
• Try to fulfill your duty.

• 「義務でならざるは、すべて罪。」
• 'whatever is not a duty is a sin.'

• 何かをするか、払う義務がある状態
• the state of being obligated to do or pay something

• 義務、責任または義務を割り当てる
• assign a duty, responsibility or obligation to

• 議論されている告発を立証する義務
• the duty of proving a disputed charge

• 義務感と尊敬から進んで従順である
• willingly obedient out of a sense of duty and respect

• 義務、兵役、陪審員などの召集する
• call to duty, military service, jury duty, etc.

• 重い義務のために設計された方法で
• in a manner designed for heavy duty

• 仕事または職業の通常の義務の外で
• outside the regular duties of your job or profession

• 一時的に、各自の義務から解放する
• free someone temporarily from his or her obligations

• 責任か義務から解放されている状態
• the condition of being relieved from blame or obligation

• 所有者または義務についての報告書
• a written account of ownership or obligation

• 義務的に、高圧的な態度で説明する
• set forth authoritatively as obligatory

• 義務や好意を負っている個人的関係
• a personal relation in which one is indebted for a service or favor

• 大部分の学校で、体育は義務である
• in most schools physical education is compulsory

• 非常に少ない収入は申告義務はない
• very little income is unreportable

• 参加するのは私にとって義務である
• it is incumbent on me to attend

• 親切を返す義務があると感じられる
• felt obligated to repay the kindness

• 社長は憲法裁判所に従う義務がある
• the president is amenable to the constitutional court

• 定期交換を義務づけられている部品
• mandatory-replacement parts

• 特定事業者の再商品化義務量算定方式
• systems for computing the required recycling volumes for specified business

• 帳簿等の作成等、報告及び保存の義務
• Duty to Prepare, Report On, and Preserve Books, etc.

• 受託者の変更に伴う権利義務の承継等
• Succession, etc. to Rights and Duties upon a Change of Trustees

• 協会の役員及び職員等の秘密保持義務
• Confidentiality obligation of officers, employees, etc. of an Association

• 再生債務者の義務違反による手続廃止
• Discontinuance of Proceedings by Reason of the Rehabilitation Debtor's Breach of Duties

• 承役地の所有者の工作物の設置義務等
• Obligations of Owners of Servient Land to Install Structures

• 他人の権利の売買における売主の義務
• Seller's Obligation when Selling Rights of Others

• 指定紛争解決機関との契約締結義務等
• Obligation to Conclude a Contract, etc. with a Designated Dispute Resolution Organization

• 特定容器製造等事業者の再商品化義務
• Recycling Obligation of Specified Container Manufacturers, etc.

• 銀行等の確認義務の対象となる取引等
• Transactions, etc. Subject to the Confirmation Obligation of Banks, etc.

• 受益証券の権利者に対する忠実義務等
• Duty of Loyalty to the Beneficiary Certificate Holders, etc.

• 本人の出頭義務と代理人による申請等
• Appearing person, Application by representative

• 再資源化により得られた物の利用義務
• Obligation to Use Objects Obtained through Recycling

• 大日本帝国憲法第20条 兵役の義務
• Article 20. Duty of military service

• 彼は私が義務を怠った事を非難した。
• He criticized me for neglecting my duty.

• 人は義務を果たさなければならない。
• One should do one's duty.

• いずれにせよ、私は義務を果たした。
• In any case, I did my duty.

• あなたの義務は家族を養うことです。
• Your duty is to support your family.

• 第三編　非居住者及び法人の納税義務
• Part III Tax Liabilities of Nonresidents and Corporations

• もしまた自分の義務にそむいたら、」
• If I turn agin my dooty--'

• 「自分の義務を果たしにです、船長」
• 'Come back to my dooty, sir,'

• 任務、義務、または約束に忠実でない
• not true to duty or obligation or promises

• 納税者の推算した納税義務額に基づく
• based on the taxpayer's predicted tax liability

• 支払う、または、払い戻す義務がある
• be obliged to pay or repay

• 危険、責任または義務から解放される
• freed from danger or blame or obligation

• ウエイターや使用人による義務の行使
• the performance of duties by a waiter or servant

• 義務または責任として（人に）必要な
• necessary (for someone) as a duty or responsibility

• 権利、任務、義務、責任を引き受ける
• take on titles, offices, duties, responsibilities

• 職務怠慢な兵士は彼の義務を回避した
• The derelict soldier shirked his duties

• 受益証券発行信託の受託者の義務の特例
• Special Rules on the Duties of the Trustee of a Trust With Certificates of Beneficial Interests

• 商品取引員の説明義務及び損害賠償責任
• Obligation of explanation and liability for damage of a Futures Commission Merchant

• 保全管理人の任務終了の場合の報告義務
• Provisional Administrator's Duty to Report upon Termination of Office

• 再商品化により得られた物の利用義務等
• Obligation to Utilize Things Obtained by Recycling

• フロン類回収業者のフロン類の引渡義務
• Obligation of Fluorocarbons Recovery Operators to Deliver Fluorocarbons

• 自動車製造業者等の再資源化実施義務等
• Obligations, etc. of Vehicle Manufacturers, etc. to Implement Recycling

• 使用人等に対する監督義務の規定の準用
• Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions of an Obligation to Supervise Employees, etc.

• 公認会計士の使用人等の秘密を守る義務
• Obligation of Employees, etc. of a Certified Public Accountant to Observe Secrecy

• 熱供給施設の設置及び事業の開始の義務
• Obligation to Install Heat Supply Facilities and Commence Business

• 一般電気事業者の供給約款等の公表義務
• Obligation of General Electricity Utility to Publicize General Supply Provisions, etc.

• Xが排出事業者に義務付けられました。
• Industrial waste disposers were obliged to X.

• 都道府県協会の役員等の秘密保持義務等
• Obligation of Confidentiality of Officers and Other Members of Prefectural Associations

• 彼は健康を犠牲にして義務を果たした。
• He did duty at the expense of his health.

• 彼らを援助するのが我々の義務である。
• It is our duty to help them.

• 彼女は自分の義務を果たそうと努めた。
• She endeavored to do her duty.

• 選手はすべてルールを守る義務がある。
• Every player is under obligation to keep the rules.

• 互いに助け合うのは我々の義務である。
• It is our duty to help one another.

• 教室のそうじをするのは生徒の義務だ。
• It is the students' duty to clean their classrooms.

• 人は自分の義務を果たさねばならない。
• One must do one's duty.

• 税金を払うのは私達の義務だと考える。
• We think that it's our duty to pay taxes.

• 何とかして義務を果たそうと決心した。
• I was determined to fulfill my duties at any cost.

• 我々は自分の義務を果たす事が大切だ。
• It is important that we should do our duty.

• 義務感から僕に話しかけたらしかった。
• she seemed to have spoken to me out of a sense of duty.

• 責任がある、または説明する義務がある
• be liable or accountable

• 法的、または財政的な義務を負っている
• burdened with legal or financial obligations

• 大名に対し、忠誠と奉仕の義務がある人
• a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

• 義務、衝動、慣例によって必要とされる
• required by obligation or compulsion or convention

• 義務が要求するものが不足しているさま
• failing in what duty requires

• 義務の履行時の前に行われた契約の破棄
• a breach of contract committed prior to the time of required performance

• 人の行為と義務に対する責任をとるさま
• taking responsibility for one's conduct and obligations

• 全体としてとられるすべての種類の義務
• obligations of all kinds taken as a whole

• 彼らは、彼を活発な軍事義務に召集した
• They called him to active military duty

• 彼は、自身の債務を返済する義務がある
• it is incumbent on them to pay their own debts

• 人間性よりも義務を愛する、容赦ない人
• a grim man loving duty more than humanity

• 奨学金を全部支払うのが義務付けられた
• was obligated to pay off the student loan

• 株式会社に権利義務を承継させる吸収分割
• Absorption-type Company Split Which Causes a Stock Company to Succeed to Rights and Obligations

• 持分会社に権利義務を承継させる吸収分割
• Absorption-type Company Split Which Causes a Membership Company to Succeed to Rights and Obligations

• 信託事務の処理の状況についての報告義務
• Duty to Report on the Processing Status Trust administration

• 破産管財人の任務終了の場合の報告義務等
• Bankruptcy Trustee's Duty to Report upon Termination of Office, etc.

• 当該支払等記録についての電子記録義務者
• Electronically Recorded Obligation Holders with regard to the record of said Payment, etc.;

• 調査票情報の提供を受けた者の守秘義務等
• Confidentiality Obligation of a Person Who Has Received Questionnaire Information, etc.

• 自動車製造業者等のフロン類の破壊義務等
• Obligation, etc. of Vehicle Manufacturers, etc. to Destroy Fluorocarbons

• 会員の種別及びその権利義務に関する規定
• Provisions on the classification of members and the rights and obligations thereof
• Provisions relating to the types of members, and the rights and duties thereof;

• もちろん私どもには守秘義務が有ります。
• We are, of course, obligated to keep it secret.

• 今までの兌換硬貨との交換の義務の廃止。
• The abolition of the earlier obligation of banks to exchange issued notes for convertible coins

• 彼には父親の借金を支払う義務があった。
• He was bound to pay his father's debt.

• 父は私に妹の世話をする義務を負わせた。
• My father charged me with the duty of taking care of my sister.

• 全ての会員に出席が義務付けられている。
• Every member must attend.

• 税金を払うのは働くものすべての義務だ。
• It is the obligation of every worker to pay taxes.

• 子供に行儀作法を教えるのは親の義務だ。
• It is up to parents to teach their children manners.

• 警官は、彼が義務を怠ったことを責めた。
• The officer blamed him for neglecting his duty.

• これでこれ以上の義務を負わなくて済む。
• That absolves me from further responsibility.

• パトラッシュは毎日義務を果たしました。
• he did his duty with each day,

• 財務上の義務を返済しなければならない日
• the date on which an obligation must be repaid

• 債務または義務の消滅を証明する法律文書
• a legal document evidencing the discharge of a debt or obligation

• 約束した行為または義務を果たさないこと
• a failure to perform some promised act or obligation

• 同意、責任または義務を認可及び表明する
• approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation

• 努力、支払いまたは義務なしに得られる物
• something acquired without effort or payment or obligation

• あなたの国に対して義務を負っていない人
• someone who does not owe allegiance to your country

• 快適さを提供し、義務を果たす十分な資源
• sufficient resources to provide comfort and meet obligations

• 領事またはその事務所または義務に関する
• having to do with a consul or his office or duties

• 彼は陪審義務のために既に4回と呼ばれた
• He was already called 4 times for jury duty

• 権利、義務若しくは事実証明に関する文書
• document or drawing relating to rights, duties or certification of facts

• 条約上の義務の実施及び遵守を促進する制度
• mechanism for promoting implementation and compliance

• 前受託者の相続人等の通知及び保管の義務等
• Duty of the Former Trustee's Heir to Give Notice and Retain Property, etc.

• 委託者及びその権利義務の承継に関する事項
• Matters concerning the settlor and succession to his/her rights and obligations;

• 破産管財人の債権者委員会に対する報告義務
• Bankruptcy Trustee's Duty to Report to the Creditors Committee

• 更生保護事業を営む地方公共団体の報告義務
• Duty to report of the local government operating the offenders rehabilitation services

• 本人確認義務の対象とならない小規模の両替
• Small Money Exchange Exempted from the Obligation to Identify Customers, etc.

• フロン類回収業者の使用済自動車の引渡義務
• Obligation of Fluorocarbons Recovery Operators to Deliver End-of-Life Vehicles

• だから、狂言方にはそれ以降の義務はない。
• On the contrary, kyogen players become free from speeches after that.

• 神社崇敬義務の範囲が議論の対象となった。
• The scope of duties of shrine worship became the subject of discussion.

• 学校給食その他義務教育に伴つて必要なもの
• School meals and any other things necessary in line with compulsory education

• 彼は義務の観念がすっかりなくなっている。
• He has completely lost all sense of duty.

• 人はそれぞれ果たすべき自分の義務がある。
• Each has his own duty to do.

• 私は子供達を守るのが私の義務だと信じる。
• I believe it my duty to protect these children.

• 真実を君に話すことが私の義務だと思った。
• I thought it my duty to tell you the truth.

• このような義務があるなんて知らなかった。
• I never knew about such a duty.

• お互いに助け合いのは、我々の義務である。
• It is our duty to help one another.

• ですが、それはあなたの義務のはずです。」
• but you ought to do so.

• 他の人に対して義務的で従属的な行動をとる
• dutiful or submissive behavior with respect to another person

• 高位の者たちの名誉と寛大さを併せ持つ義務
• the obligation of those of high rank to be honorable and generous

• 最高の意味において慈善は本当に義務である
• in the best sense charity is really a duty

• 登記義務者の所在が知れない場合の登記の抹消
• Cancellation of Registration When the Whereabouts of the Person Obliged to Register Is Unknown

• 株式会社に権利義務を承継させる吸収分割契約
• Absorption-type Company Split Agreement Which Causes a Stock Company to Succeed to Rights and Obligations

• 持分会社に権利義務を承継させる吸収分割契約
• Absorption-type Company Split Agreement Which Causes a Membership Company to Succeed to Rights and Obligations

• 社員の権利義務 （第三十一条―第三十六条）
• Rights and Obligations of Members (Article 31 - Article 36)

• 受託者の義務等 （第二十九条―第三十九条）
• Duties, etc. of a Trustee (Article 29 to Article 39)

• 帳簿等の作成等、報告及び保存の義務等の特例
• Special Rules on the Duty to Prepare, Report on, and Preserve Books, etc.

• 商品取引所の役員及び使用人等の秘密保持義務
• Confidentiality obligation of officers, employees, etc. of a Commodity Exchange

• 再生債務者等の債権者委員会に対する報告義務
• Duty to Report of the Rehabilitation Debtor, etc. to the Creditors Committee

• 扶養義務等に係る金銭債権についての間接強制
• Indirect Compulsory Execution for a Monetary Claim pertaining to Duty to Support, etc.

• 未成年被後見人の身上の監護に関する権利義務
• Rights and Duties regarding Personal Supervision of Minor Ward

• 職務上の義務に違反し、又は職務を怠つた場合
• When he/she has violated an obligation in the course of his/her duties or has neglected his/her duties;

• 当該著作物を慣行に従い継続して出版する義務
• the obligation to publish the work continuously in conformity with business practice.

• 一般電気事業者の供給約款等による供給の義務
• Obligation of General Electricity Utility to Supply Electricity under General Supply Provisions, etc.

• 全ての貸金業者に報告書の提出を義務付ける。
• It requires all lenders submit a report.

• 義務教育に伴つて必要な教科書その他の学用品
• Textbooks and other school supplies necessary in line with compulsory education

• 彼は自分の時間を犠牲にして義務を果たした。
• He performed his duty at the expense of his time.

• 僕の大失敗について君に弁明する義務はない。
• I am not responsible to you for my blunder.

• 彼は老人だから、面倒をみるのは君の義務だ。
• Now that he is old, it is your duty to go look after him.

• 契約なので彼はそれらを配達する義務がある。
• Because of the contract, he is bound to deliver them.

• 町をきれいにしておくことは私達の義務です。
• It is our duty to keep our town clean.

• 森林火災の防止はすべての人が負う義務です。
• The prevention of forest fires is everyone's responsibility.

• それらの人々を助けるのが我々の義務である。
• It is up to us to help those people.

• それでこれ以上の義務を負わなくてよくなる。
• That absolves me from further responsibility.

• “義務は義務”だからなぁ、確かに正しいや。
• 'Dooty is dooty,' says he, and right he is.

• とくに自分の義務に忠実な人たちにとってね。
• for those who had stood by their duty;

• 要求や義務を伴わない賞（功労などに対する）
• an award (as for meritorious service) given without claim or obligation

• 道徳や法律上の理由で実施する義務のある仕事
• work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons

• そうする義務があるのにそれを果たさないこと
• a failure to act when under an obligation to do so

• 義務が果たされない場合他人の財産を得る権利
• the right to take another's property if an obligation is not discharged

• 行動が義務によって決定されるという倫理主義
• the moral principle that behavior should be determined by duty

• 英国は各員がその義務を尽くすことを期待する
• England expects that every man will do his duty

• 自己の財産におけるのと同一の注意義務をもって
• with the same care he/she would exercise over his/her own property

• 前受託者の義務等 （第五十九条―第六十一条）
• Duties, etc. of the Former Trustee (Article 59 to Article 61)

• 請求対象者の責任又は義務の有無についての判断
• the judgment with regard to any responsibility or duty of a person subject to the claim;

• 職務上の義務に違反し、又は職務を怠つたとき。
• When an accounting auditor has committed a breach of obligation in the course of his/her duties or has neglected his/her duties;
• When a corporate officer has committed a breach of obligation in the course of his/her duties or has neglected his/her duties;

• 傍系親族間及び姻族間の扶養義務の準拠法の特例
• Special Provisions for the Law Applicable to the Obligation of Support between Collateral Relatives and between Relatives by Marriage

• すべて国民は、勤労の権利を有し、義務を負ふ。
• All people shall have the right and the obligation to work.

• 財務大臣の許可を受ける義務を課する資本取引等
• Capital Transactions, etc. for which the Obligation to Obtain Permission from the Minister of Finance Is Imposed

• 職務上の義務に違反し、又は職務を怠ったとき。
• when an accounting auditor has breached his/her obligations in the course of his/her duties or has neglected his/her duties;

• 原子力災害の予防に関する原子力事業者の義務等
• Obligations, etc. of Nuclear Operators Concerning Nuclear Disaster Prevention

• 私はこの子供達を守るのが私の義務だと信じる。
• I believe it my duty to protect these children.

• 言うまでもなく、誰でも法律を守る義務がある。
• It goes without saying that every one is bound to obey the law.

• 親は自分の子供の健康に気を付ける義務がある。
• Parents have responsibilities to look to their children's health.

• 納税義務のある人ないしは組織が直接支払う税金
• a tax paid directly by the person or organization on whom it is levied

• 職業上であるか事務員の義務が実行される勤務地
• place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

• 例えば、病気のふりをして、責任と義務を避ける
• avoid responsibilities and duties, e.g., by pretending to be ill

• 非キリスト教の宗教で宗教的義務と式典を行う人
• a person who performs religious duties and ceremonies in a non-Christian religion

• 義務を履行するのに他の物と自由に交換できる品
• a commodity that is freely interchangeable with another in satisfying an obligation

• 受託者が何の積極的義務も履行しなくてよい信託
• a trust in which the trustee performs no active duties

• 義務のために実行していない、予定されていない
• not performing or scheduled for duties

• 金銭的な義務に応じられない、または果たせない
• unable to meet or discharge financial obligations

• すべて國民は、勤勞の權利を有し、義務を負ふ。
• All people shall have the right and the obligation to work.

• 法的義務の遅滞により他人の法手続きを妨げること
• laches

• 必要なければ廃止することを義務づける法律の通称
• sunset law

• 商品取引清算機関の役員及び職員等の秘密保持義務
• Confidentiality obligation of officers, employees, etc. of a Commodity Clearing Organization

• 破産手続開始等の申立義務と再生手続開始の申立て
• Obligation to File Petition for Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings and Filing of Petition for Commencement of Rehabilitation Proceedings

• 扶養義務等に係る定期金債権を請求する場合の特例
• Special Provisions on Cases of Enforcing a Claim for Periodic Payments pertaining to Duty to Support, etc.

• 義務承継人の訴訟参加及び権利承継人の訴訟引受け
• Intervention by Successor of Obligation and Assumption of Suit by Transferee of Right

• 後見人の被後見人に対する債権又は債務の申出義務
• Guardian's Duty to Report Claims or Obligations in Relation to Ward

• 包括受遺者は、相続人と同一の権利義務を有する。
• A testamentary donee by a universal succession shall have the same rights as an heir.

• 義務教育では「武家造」と教えていたことがある。
• In the past, this was taught in compulsory education as 'Buke-zukuri'.

• それ以外のときは、国民服を着る義務はなかった。
• For other occasions, the people did not have the duty to wear the national uniform.

• 人民は耕作地班給の代償として納税義務を負った。
• The people were required to pay tax in exchange for receiving cultivated land.

• 特別事業主は、特別拠出金を納付する義務を負う。
• The special business operations shall be obliged to pay the special contributions.

• 育児休業申出があった場合における事業主の義務等
• Obligations, etc. of Employers when a Child Care Leave Application is Filed

• 介護休業申出があった場合における事業主の義務等
• Obligations, etc. of Employers when a Family Care Leave Application is Filed

• 彼らは自分たちの義務をなおざりにはしなかった。
• They didn't neglect their own duty.

• 君はその行為について、僕に説明する義務がある。
• You have a responsibility to explain that behavior to me.

• どんな事が起きようとも、私は義務を果たします。
• No matter what may come, I will do my duty.

• 納税義務者の区分が異動した場合の課税所得の範囲
• Scope of Taxable Income in the case of Change of Category of Taxpayer

• 特定電子メール等送信適正化業務の実施に係る義務
• Obligation Pertaining to Implementation of Services for Proper Transmission of Specified Electronic Mail, etc.

• 「私の義務をうんぬんする権利なぞありません。」
• 'has a right to teach me my duty.'

• 合法的方法によって納税義務を最小限度にする行為
• the minimization of tax liability by lawful methods

• あなたが果たすよう命じられる義務（特に軍隊で）
• a duty that you are assigned to perform (especially in the armed forces)

• 受託者が特定の義務を果たさなければならない任務
• a trust in which the trustee must perform certain duties

• 各々の子供には、はっきりと定義された義務がある
• each child has clearly defined duties

• 扶養義務等に係る金銭債権についての強制執行の特例
• Special Provisions on Compulsory Execution for a Monetary Claim pertaining to Duty to Support, etc.

• 職務上の義務に違反し、又はその職務を怠つたとき。
• Where he/she has contravened or neglected his/her official duties; or

• 公認会計士の義務 （第二十四条―第二十八条の四）
• Obligations of Certified Public Accountants (Article 24 - Article 28-4)

• もっとも、油彩画も義務教育では教えられていない。
• The oil painting is not taught as part of the compulsory education either.

• 租庸調の納税が義務づけられる輸租田とされていた。
• It was regarded as Yusoden (rice field subject to taxation) which was obliged to pay tax of Soyocho (a tax system, corvee).

• 案成（公文書の案文の保管・収蔵及び目録作成義務）
• This Article 'Annari' was made to specify the duty to reserve and store drafts of the official documents and to make them listed).

• 彼は義務の観念がすっかりなくなってしまっている。
• He has completely lost all sense of duty.

• あなたは自分の義務を果たす必要があると私は思う。
• I think it necessary that you should do your duty.

• ..フィリアス・フォッグが義務を簡単に果たすこと
• In Which Phileas Fogg Simply Does His Duty

• ある義務を果たすために通常必要とされるものすべて
• all that is normally required in some area of responsibility

• 納税者の納税義務に関する情報を収税官に与える文書
• document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability

• 経済的な面で子供の面倒を見る義務を果たさない父親
• a father who willfully defaults on his obligation to provide financial support for his offspring

• 会合を招集することが義務である或る集団のメンバー
• the member of a group whose duty it is to convene meetings

• ある義務を履行するに当たって法的に認められた延期
• a legally authorized postponement before some obligation must be discharged

• （人について）義務または責任から免除されていない
• (of persons) not exempt from an obligation or liability

• 彼女は、息子の良き妻としての義務を果たさなかった
• She failed in her obligations as a good daughter-in-law

• 法令及び上司の命令に従う義務並びに争議行為等の禁止
• Obligation to Obey Laws and Regulations and Orders of Superiors; Prohibition of Acts of Dispute, etc.

• 経済産業大臣の許可を受ける義務を課する特定資本取引
• Specified Capital Transactions for which the Obligation to Obtain Permission from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry Is Imposed

• すべての住宅に警報器等の設置が義務付けられました。
• All houses were required to install equipment such as alarms.

• 府兵制は戸籍を元に兵役義務を負わせる制度であった。
• A divisional militia system was one in which conscription was based on the family registry.

• 耕作地班給の代償として兵役の義務を負ったのである。
• The people were required to perform military service in exchange for receiving cultivated land.

• 陸奥、出羽の国人も鎌倉府への伺候を義務付けられる。
• It became mandatory for the kokujin (provincial warriors) in the provinces to wait upon the Kamakura government.

• 義務等 （第六十九条の三十四―第六十九条の三十九）
• Obligations, etc. (Articles 69-34 to 69-39)

• 便宜に関わらず自分の親の世話をするのは義務である。
• It's your duty to care for your parents regardless of the inconvenience.

• 彼はもう老人なのだから、面倒を見るのは君の義務だ。
• Now that he is old, it is your duty to look after him.

• 法律はすべての市民に税を払うように義務づけている。
• The laws oblige all citizens to pay taxes.

• 私は義務上これを最後までやり通さなければならない。
• I am in duty bound to see this thing through.

• この義務は諸君のすべてに果たしてもらわねばならぬ。
• The duty must be discharged by everyone of you.

• 例えば、私たちは彼と交際を求める義務はありません。
• We are not bound, for example, to seek his society;

• 義務が果たされるだろうという保証としてされる支払い
• a payment given as a guarantee that an obligation will be met

• 国王や皇帝の権力などを放棄する、あるいは義務や責任
• give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors, or duties and obligations

• 我々は、子供たちに義務感を植え付けなければならない
• we must instill a sense of duty in our children

• 彼の最高の機会と義務に忠実でない−ブルーノ・ラスケ
• is untrue to his highest opportunity and duty-Bruno Laske

• 株式会社に権利義務を承継させる吸収分割の効力の発生等
• Effectuation, etc. of an Absorption-type Company Split Which Causes a Stock Company to Succeed to Rights and Obligations

• 持分会社に権利義務を承継させる吸収分割の効力の発生等
• Effectuation, etc. of an Absorption-type Company Split Which Causes a Membership Company to Succeed to Rights and Obligations

• 給付義務者に対する競合する債権差押命令等の陳述の催告
• Demand for the Person Obligated to Deliver to State the Presence of any Conflicting Order, etc. of Seizure of Claims

• 直系血族及び兄弟姉妹は、互いに扶養をする義務がある。
• Lineal relative by blood and siblings have a duty to support each other.

• 離婚をした当事者間等の扶養義務の準拠法についての特則
• Special Provisions for the Law Applicable to the Obligation of Support between Divorced Parties, etc.

• 国民は、法律の定めるところにより、納税の義務を負ふ。
• The people shall be liable to taxation as provided by law.

• 男性が国民服を着用する義務を規定する法律はなかった。
• There were not any laws to require that men should wear the national uniform.

• 江戸時代までの武士階級は戦闘に参加する義務を負った。
• The samurai class was obliged to participate in battle until the Edo period.

• 以上の租税負担のほか、百姓は兵役の義務も負っていた。
• The peasants were also required to perform military services in addition to the above-mentioned tax requirements.

• 特別徴収の方法によって徴収した保険料額の納入の義務等
• Obligation, etc., of Payment of an Insurance Premium Amount Collected by the Method of Special Collection

• 子の看護休暇の申出があった場合における事業主の義務等
• Obligations, etc. of Employers when an Application for Sick/Injured Child Care Leave is Filed

• 日本では小学校と中学校に通うことは義務となっている。
• In Japan, attendance at elementary and junior high school is compulsory.

• 我々は、日常生活の中に多くの義務や責任を担っている。
• In everyday life we have many obligations and responsibilities.

• 居住者は、この法律により、所得税を納める義務がある。
• A resident shall be liable to pay income tax pursuant to this Act.

• 契約を結んでいる党の権利と義務を研究する法律学の分科
• that branch of jurisprudence that studies the rights and obligations of parties entering into contracts

• 義務から誘惑するか誘い出す、主義、あるいは当然の行為
• lure or entice away from duty, principles, or proper conduct

• 適正手続きを義務付け、自己負罪と二重の危険を禁止する
• mandates due process of law and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy

• 法律上の義務の履行を（十分な弁解もなく）拒否すること
• a refusal (without sufficient excuse) to do that which it is your legal duty to do

• 先の契約のいくつかの義務を他の当事者へ割り当てる契約
• a contract assigning to another party some obligations of a prior contract

• それらの権利および義務は述べられていない一致に基づく
• those rights and obligations are based on an unstated consensus

• 國民は、法律の定めるところにより、納稅の義務を負ふ。
• The people shall be liable to taxation as provided by law.

• 國民は、法律の定めるところにより、納税の義務を負ふ。
• The people shall be liable to taxation as provided by law.

• 前各号に掲げるもののほか、重要な義務を尽くさないこと。
• in addition to what is provided for in the preceding items, a failure to fulfill an important obligation.

• 全部の履行をする義務を負う者が数人ある場合等の手続参加
• Participation in Proceedings Where Two or More Persons Have the Obligation of Entire Performance, etc.

• 特定負担以外の義務についての定めがあるときは、その内容
• where there are provisions on obligations other than the specified burden, the details of such provisions;
• where there are provisions on obligations other than the specified burden, the details of such provisions; and

• 一つは単純に年貢・諸役の負担義務者を記したものである。
• One was that only the person responsible for nengu and shoyaku was entered.

• 彼は、いわゆる義務教育は役に立たない物だと考えている。
• He regards so-called compulsory education as useless.

• 何がやってこようとも私たちは義務を果たさねばならない。
• Come what may, we must do our duty.

• わしは犬コロみたいに死んでも、義務は果たすつもりだよ。
• If I die like a dog, I'll die in my dooty.

• （港の中などで）軍艦の船団の周りの巡回を義務とする船舶
• a boat that is on guard duty (as in a harbor) around a fleet of warships

• 義務を履行しない場合、債権者が要求することができる資産
• property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation

• あなたの忠誠、義務、指導、理念あるいは原則を捨てるさま
• deserting your allegiance or duty to leader or cause or principle

• 義務は現代の人生ノーマン・ダグラスのモレクになりました
• duty has become the Moloch of modern life- Norman Douglas

• 特定事業者の再商品化義務量算定方式等に係る政省令・告示等
• cabinet and ministerial ordinances and notifications concerning the method of calculating the quantity of recycling for specified business

• 破産手続開始等の申立義務と外国倒産処理手続の承認の申立て
• Obligation to File a Petition for Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings, etc. and Relationship with a Petition for Recognition of Foreign Insolvency Proceedings

• 民法第七百五十二条の規定による夫婦間の協力及び扶助の義務
• The duty to cooperate and provide mutual assistance between husband and wife under the provision of Article 752 of the Civil Code
• The duty of cooperation and mutual assistance between a husband and wife under the provisions of Article 752 of the Civil Code

• 鑑定に必要な学識経験を有する者は、鑑定をする義務を負う。
• A person who has the relevant knowledge and experience necessary to give expert testimony shall have an obligation to give expert testimony.

• 前項の規定は、業務上特別の義務がある者には、適用しない。
• The preceding paragraph does not apply to a person under special professional obligation.

• 承継会社に承継させる資産、債務並びにその他の権利及び義務
• Assets, debts, and other rights and obligations to be succeeded to by the Succeeding Companies

• 対象寺社は特別徴収義務者として市へ納める特別徴収である。
• This was in the form of a special collection in which the temples and the shrines subject to the tax acted as special tax collectors and paid the tax income to the city.

• これによって兵士達は兵粮携帯の義務から免れる事になった。
• Because of this, soldiers were released from the obligation of taking along hyoro.

• 明治になり苗字公称が義務づけられると、澁谷姓を名乗った。
• When it became obligatory to declare family names during the Meiji period, they took the surname 'Shibutani'.

• 彼はいわゆる義務教育は役には立たないものだと考えている。
• He regards so-called compulsory education as useless.

• 「ただ私が義務を果たすことだけはおわかりになるでしょう」
• 'You'll find I do my duty.'

• 君主は本人自らが進み出て、指揮官の義務を果すべきですし、
• then the prince ought to go in person and perform the duty of captain;
• then the prince ought to go in person and perform the duty of a captain;

• （収入について）報告されることが法律で義務づけられている
• (of income) required by law to be reported

• 納税義務の直接的な軽減措置（納税者の税率等級とは無関係）
• a direct reduction in tax liability (not dependent on the taxpayer's tax bracket)

• 両者の相互合意によってある義務を他のものに置き換えること
• the replacement of one obligation by another by mutual agreement of both parties

• 人間の義務は人間の幸福を増進させることである、という主義
• the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare

• 物事を行うことができないと偽って義務や仕事を忌避すること
• evading duty or work by pretending to be incapacitated

• 商品またはサービスに対して支払いの義務があるお金の明細書
• an itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or services rendered

• 法律の、法律に関する、または、法律上の権利と義務に関する
• of or relating to law or to legal rights and obligations

• 空襲の爆撃が原因で起きる火事を監視することが義務だった人
• someone whose duty was to watch for fires caused by bombs dropped from the air

• 彼は自分自身で、彼の義務の履行を妨げる潔癖さを打ち消した
• he refused to allow squeamishness to deter him from his duty

• 保護者の義務とは事務的というよりも主に道徳的拘束力をもつ
• the guardian's duties were primarily sanctionative rather than administrative

• あなたは顧客情報に関する守秘義務を尊重しなくてはならない
• you must respect the confidentiality of your client's communications

• 私たちは、全ての生徒がこの書類に記入することを義務付ける
• We compel all students to fill out this form

• 資産運用会社が職務上の義務に違反し、又は職務を怠つたとき。
• When an Asset Management Company has violated its obligations in the course of its duties or neglected its duties; and

• 民法第七百六十条の規定による婚姻から生ずる費用の分担の義務
• The duty to share expenses arising from marriage under the provision of Article 760 of the Civil Code
• Duty of sharing the expenses arising from marriage under the provisions of Article 760 of the Civil Code

• 銀行等の本人確認義務の対象とならない小規模の支払又は支払等
• Small Payment or Payment, etc. Exempted from the Obligation to Identify Customers, etc. of Banks, etc.

• 髪を伸ばすことが女性たちの義務であったための措置であった。
• These measures were taken since women were obliged to grow their hair long.

• 義務は、許可通知の後、発行料を支払った後、も続く点に留意。
• It should be noted that the duty continues after a notice of allowance is mailed and the issue fee is paid.

• 好むと好まざるにかかわらず、君は義務を果たさねばならない。
• You must do your duty, whether you like it or not.

• しかもこの世にあって心の荷（にな）う義務はいやが上に重い、
• And for the sufferer there is nothing left

• それに、パスポートの査証を受ける義務はありませんからな。」
• and, besides, he is not obliged to have his passport countersigned.'

• 記録および他の書記の義務を維持するために責任がある行政単位
• an administrative unit responsible for maintaining records and other secretarial duties

• 契約を義務付けるために購入者によって販売者へ支払われる金銭
• money given by a buyer to a seller to bind a contract

• 身近な義務や経験で満たされたほかの日となんら替わらない一日
• a day like any other filled with familiar duties and experiences

• 関係当事者の権利義務等の特例 （第二百十二条―第二百十五条）
• Special Rules on the Rights and Duties, etc. of the Relevant Parties (Article 212 to Article 215)

• 信託事務の処理の委託における第三者の選任及び監督に関する義務
• Duty to Appoint and Supervise a Third Party when Delegating the Trust administration

• 民法第八百七十七条から第八百八十条までの規定による扶養の義務
• The duty to support under the provisions of Article 877 to Article 880 of the Civil Code

• 賃貸人は、賃貸物の使用及び収益に必要な修繕をする義務を負う。
• A lessor shall assume an obligation to effect repairs necessary for using and taking the profits of the leased Things.

• 受託信託会社等の権利義務等 （第二百八十条―第二百八十六条）
• Rights and Obligations, etc. of Fiduciary Trust Companies, etc. (Articles 280 to 286)

• 水は、酒の原材料のなかで唯一、表示義務の対象とされていない。
• Among the raw materials used for sake, water is the only ingredient not included in mandatory information.

• 国司は調庸・封物を中央の朝廷へ運搬進納する義務を負っていた。
• Kokushi had the obligation of carrying and delivering, to the Imperial Court in the capital, choyo (tributes and labor) and fubutsu (products from fuko [the families supplied to each noble]).

• 各大名は近くにあった太閤蔵入地の米などの納入の義務があった。
• Each feudal lord had several duties including the payment of rice to Hideyoshi's directly-controlled land near their territory.

• あなたが義務を果たさなければ、人々はあなたを軽蔑するだろう。
• If you don't do your duty, people will look down on you.

• 教会法の、教会法に関する、または、教会法で義務づけられている
• of or relating to or required by canon law

• 受託者の変更に伴う権利義務の承継等 （第七十五条―第七十八条）
• Succession, etc. to Rights and Duties upon a Change in Trustees (Article 75 to Article 78)

• イからニまでに掲げる義務に類する義務であって、契約に基づくもの
• Any duties similar to the duties listed in (a) to (d) above, which are under a contract

• 親権を行う者は、子の監護及び教育をする権利を有し、義務を負う。
• A person who exercises parental authority holds the right, and bears the duty, to care for and educate the child.

• 職務上の義務に違反し、その他人事官たるに適しない非行があること
• When he/she has breached his/her obligation in the course of duties or is guilty of such malfeasance as to render himself/herself unfitting to be a Commissioner.

• 持分の譲受人は、その持分について、譲渡人の権利義務を承継する。
• The transferee of equity interest shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the transferrer with regard to said equity interest.

• 百姓は、田租以外にも調・庸などを負担する義務が課せられていた。
• The peasants were obliged to pay tax in kind and tributes as well as rice tax.

• 例えば朱子学は、人間は自分の所属する共同体へ義務を負うとした。
• For example, human beings are responsible to the communities to which each person belongs in Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism).

• 懲戒とは、規律維持のため、義務違反に対し制裁を科すことをいう。
• Chokai (a disciplinary punishment) means that an obligated party would be imposed a punishment in violation of the duty.

• 音物札はあらゆる贈答の機会に使用することが義務付けられていた。
• It was mandatory to use an inmotsusatsu whenever a present was purchased.

• 被保険者資格喪失等の場合の市町村の特別徴収義務者等に対する通知
• Notification to Persons under Duty of Special Collection by a Municipality in the Case of Loss of Status of Insured Person, etc.

• その学者は、いわゆる義務教育は役に立たないものだと考えている。
• The scholar regards so-called compulsory education as useless.

• 船長や主人に仕える義務を全うして倒れたものに不安はありません。
• no fear for a hand that's been shot down in his duty to captain and owner.

• 陪審員の義務のために、人々を招集するよう執行官に命じる司法令状
• a judicial writ ordering a sheriff to summon people for jury duty

• 火災の場合に従うべき義務や避難手順の訓練を人々に施すための練習
• an exercise intended to train people in duties and escape procedures to be followed in case of fire

• クレジットが与えられるべき（口座）において義務を果たさない状態
• show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given

• 市民権の義務は個人とグループの関心がごった返した中で見失われる
• the duties of citizenship are lost sight of in the wilderness of interests of individuals and groups

• 前項の義務は、総投資主の同意がなければ、免除することができない。
• An exemption from the obligation as provided in the preceding paragraph shall not be given without the consent of all the Investors.

• 文書の提出義務又は検証の目的の提示義務の有無を判断するための手続
• The proceedings for determining the existence or nonexistence of an obligation to submit a document or obligation to present the subject matter of a observation

• 前項の規定は、証人が黙秘の義務を免除された場合には、適用しない。
• The provision of the preceding paragraph shall not apply where the witness is released from his/her duty of secrecy.

• 債務者が担保を供する義務を負う場合において、これを供しないとき。
• the obligor fails to provide security when it has the obligation to do so.

• 各共同相続人は、その相続分に応じて被相続人の権利義務を承継する。
• Each joint heir shall succeed the rights and duties of the decedent according to his/her share in inheritance.

• 譲渡人が電子記録義務者の相続人であるときは、譲渡人の氏名及び住所
• In case where the assignor is the heir to the Electronically Recorded Claim Obligor, the name and address of the assignor;

• また、金額の表示は義務化されており、金額のトラブルは減っている。
• Additionally, it is mandatory for street stall business to indicate the actual food price; this has decreased the number of disputes concerning prices.

• 1633年には奉書の携帯が完全義務化され、朱印船制度は消滅する。
• In 1633, carrying a hosho was made completely obligatory, leading to the extinction of a shuin-sen system.

• 公共法人は、前二項の規定にかかわらず、法人税を納める義務がない。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, a public corporation shall not be liable to pay corporation tax.

• 「わしにとっては全く義務を果たしてないってことになるんだからな、
• 'It is a gross dereliction of my duty.

• 受益者利益が最大になるように努力する、受託者に課せられた法的義務
• the legal duty of a fiduciary to act in the best interests of the beneficiary

• それぞれの義務を決定する（通常議論の後に到達する）当事者間の合意
• an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each

• 持分の譲受人は、その持分について、譲渡人の権利及び義務を承継する。
• The transferee of an equity interest shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the transferrer with regard to that equity interest.

• 第一項の開始決定は、債務者及び給付義務者に送達しなければならない。
• The commencement order set forth in paragraph (1) shall be served upon the obligor and any person(s) obligated to deliver.

• 権利の行使及び義務の履行は、信義に従い誠実に行わなければならない。
• The exercise of rights and performance of duties must be done in good faith.

• 監督義務者に代わって責任無能力者を監督する者も、前項の責任を負う。
• A person who supervises a person without capacity to assume liability, on behalf of a person who has the obligation to supervise, shall also assume the liability under the preceding paragraph.

• 前二号に掲げるもののほか、条約によりわが国が保護の義務を負う著作物
• works in addition to those listed in the preceding two items, with respect to which Japan has the obligation to grant protection under an international treaty.

• 原子力災害の予防に関する原子力事業者の義務等 （第七条―第十四条）
• Obligations, etc. of Nuclear Operators Concerning Nuclear Disaster Prevention (Articles 7 to 14)

• 特許業務法人の社員は、すべて業務を執行する権利を有し、義務を負う。
• All members of a patent professional corporation shall have the right and obligation to execute the business of the patent professional corporation.

• 第27条・28条は大和四座が参勤の義務があった興福寺薪能について。
• Section 27 and 28 is about Kofukuji Temple takigi Noh (firelight Noh, performed by the light of torches or bonfires) for which Yamatoyoza (four sarugaku performance groups in the Yamato Province) had obligation to perform regularly.

• 防犯・納税などの連帯義務を負わされた律令制下の末端行政組織である。
• It is the smallest unit of the administrative organization under the ritsuryo system which is collectively responsible for crime prevention and tax payment.

• 有能な連邦捜査局員はちゅうちょすることなく、自分の義務を実行する。
• An efficient FBI agent does not make any bones about carrying out his duties.

• 人は誰でも正気ならば自己の行為について良心に責任を負う義務がある。
• Every sane man is accountable to his conscience for his behavior.

• あなた達の解放は我々にとって最優先事項であり最大の義務であります。
• Your liberation stands at the top of our priorities and duties.

• 「もしおまえがそこまでいうなら、はっきりさせるのが私の義務だろう。
• 'if you say that, it will become my duty to make certain.

• アメリカ植民地は、イギリス国王に対するあらゆる忠誠の義務を免れる。
• that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown,

• 船またはその貨物の所有者を負傷させる船の船長による詐欺的な義務違反
• a fraudulent breach of duty by the master of a ship that injures the owner of the ship or its cargo

• 新しい何かと交換する、特に新しいものによって、古い義務が取り変わる
• replace with something new, especially an old obligation by a new one

• すべてのイスラム教徒によって受け入れられている5つの宗教義務の1つ
• one of the five religious obligations accepted by all Muslims

• 許可を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとなるものであつてはならない
• shall not impose any undue obligation on the person receiving the license

• 日本国は、国際連合憲章第二条に掲げる義務、特に次の義務を受諾する。
• Japan accepts the obligations set forth in Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations, and in particular the obligations

• 相続人は、単純承認をしたときは、無限に被相続人の権利義務を承継する。
• If an heir makes unconditional acceptance, he/she shall inherit the rights and duties of the decedent without limitation.

• 職務上の義務違反その他委員たるに適しない非行があると認められるとき。
• When it is deemed that the member is in breach of his/her work obligations or commit such other misconduct as to render himself/herself unfit to serve as a member.
• the Committee member is found to have committed a violation of obligation in the course of duties or other misconduct unbecoming to the member.

• （ただし、防火のため瓦葺屋根を奨励されたり、義務付けられた町もある）
• (However, in some towns, provision of tiled roofs was promoted or obligatory, for fire prevention.)

• 市町村は、前項の規定による財政安定化基金拠出金を納付する義務を負う。
• A Municipality shall be subject to the obligation to pay a Fiscal Stability Fund contribution pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

• 労災保険適用事業主及び船舶所有者は、一般拠出金を納付する義務を負う。
• The Worker's Accident Insurance-applied business operators and ship owners shall be obliged to pay the general contributions.

• 彼らが報酬より余暇を好むのなら、その職業に従事する義務もないのです。
• and they are not obliged to follow those occupations, if they prefer leisure to emolument.

• 前項の義務は、すべての社員等の同意がなければ、免除することができない。
• Exemptions from the obligation set forth in the preceding paragraph shall not be granted without the consent of all Members, etc.

• しかしその一方で、全日本かるた協会が一部の大会で和装の義務化を行った。
• On the other hand, All-Japan Karuta Association obliged the players of certain tournaments to wear kimono.

• 均田制に基づく田地の支給に対して、粟（穀物）2石を納める義務を負った。
• In return for the provision of rice fields based on the Equal-field system, people were put under an obligation to present about 360 litters of millet.

• 例えば、土地に対して公出挙の納入義務が課せられるような事例も見られた。
• For example, there were cases that the payment duty of Ku-Suiko was imposed on lands.

• 京都議定書の削減義務に対しては、日本国内で下記のような議論も見られる。
• The following are discussions in Japan on the reducing obligation in the Kyoto Protocol.

• 地主を納税義務者とすることで、従来の村請負制度が消滅することとなった。
• By making landlords to be tax debtors, traditional village contract system disappeared.

• そのようにして心理的に強制を加え、間接的に義務の履行を促すものである。
• Thus, the execution of one's duties is urged indirectly by a psychological coercion on the obligated party.

• - 自国の戦闘行為は常に正しく、それに参加することは崇高な義務である。
• - hostile acts by one's own country are always right and participation in them is a noble duty.

• 御家人は恩恵を受ける見返りとして、鎌倉殿へ軍事と公事の奉仕義務を負う。
• In return for patronage, gokenin (samurai retainers) had a duty to serve the Lord of Kamakura both militarily and politically.

• 義務として、あるいは、特定の料金のために行うことを要求される特定の仕事
• a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee

• 権利と義務が確立された規則を与えることと対照に権利と義務を定義するさま
• defining rights and duties as opposed to giving the rules by which rights and duties are established

• 調停者または調停者の義務の、あるいは、調停者または調停者の義務に関する
• of or relating to a mediator or the duties of a mediator

• 都市行政委員は、5年おきに境界を巡回することを法律で義務づけられている
• Selectmen are required by law to perambulate the bounds every five years

• 信託行為においては、受託者が次に掲げる義務を負う旨を定めることができる。
• Terms of trust may provide for a trustee to have the following duties:

• 吸収合併存続法人は、効力発生日に、吸収合併消滅法人の権利義務を承継する。
• The Investment Corporation Surviving the Absorption-Type Merger shall succeed to all of the rights and obligations of an Investment Corporation Extinguished in the Absorption-Type Merger on the Effective Day.

• 第十一条第二項第一号の再商品化義務総量から同号に掲げる量を控除して得た量
• The amount obtained by deducting the amount listed in Article 11, paragraph 1, item 1 from the total obligatory recycling amount set forth in the same item

• 第一項の認可を受けた者は、被相続人に係る許可に基づく権利義務を承継する。
• The person who obtained the approval of paragraph 1 shall succeed the rights and obligations based on the license pertaining to the decedent.
• The person who has been granted the approval given in paragraph (1) shall succeed to the rights and obligations based on the permission pertaining to the decedent.

• 穀物などに原産国表示を義務付けるよう、いくつかの団体が政府に要請します。
• Some groups want the government to make putting 'Country of Origin' labels on cereals and other foods mandatory.

• 大宝律令によって設置が定められ、各国の国府に1校の併設が義務付けられた。
• Their establishment was legislated by the Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code) and each province was obliged to establish one Kokugaku at its kokufu (provincial capital).

• 水兵を拠出しなかった戸には免税の代償に兵士の家族の扶養を義務付けられた。
• Also, households that did not offer soldiers had the obligation to support the life of the soldier's family in exchange for a tax exemption.

• 幕府の経済政策に協力する義務を負い両替屋仲間の監督機関の役割を果たした。
• They were responsible for cooperating with the shogunate's economic policy and supervised the other exchangers.

• この時の尋常小学校（義務教育）の修業年数は3年間若しくは4年間であった。
• The duration of study at jinjo shogakko (compulsory education) at the time was either three or four years.

• 聖戦　自国の戦闘行為は常に正しく、それに参加することは崇高な義務である。
• Holy war: Your own country's act of hostility is always right, and taking part in it is a noble duty.

• そして名跡所有者の大家族（の、とりわけ扶養義務）を継承することを要する。
• Recipients of `myoseki` names are inherit the original Myoseki holder's large family (especially obligations to support the family).

• 被保護者が死亡した場合において、その者の葬祭を行う扶養義務者がないとき。
• Where, in the case of the death of a public assistance recipient, there is no person responsible for his/her support who intends to conduct his/her funeral

• Burd氏によれば、この一節はキケロの『義務論』をそのまま、まねている。
• Mr Burd points out that this passage is imitated directly from Cicero's 'De Officiis':

• だが、フォッグ氏は「これは義務だ。」と考え、何のためらいも見せなかった。
• But as he thought, 'It is my duty,' he did not hesitate.

• 法廷は、未成年の子供の破壊行為に対して、両親に責任を負う義務があるとした
• the court held the parents answerable for their minor child's acts of vandalism

• 第一項に規定する義務は、総受益者の同意がなければ、免除することができない。
• No release may be granted for the liability prescribed in paragraph (1) without the consent of all beneficiaries.

• 新設合併設立法人は、その成立の日に、新設合併消滅法人の権利義務を承継する。
• An Investment Corporation Established through a Consolidation-Type Merger shall succeed to all of the rights and obligations of the Investment Corporations Extinguished in the Consolidation-Type Merger on the day of its establishment

• 復代理人は、本人及び第三者に対して、代理人と同一の権利を有し、義務を負う。
• A sub-agent shall have the same rights and obligations as those of the agent vis-a-vis the principal and third parties.

• 前二項の規定によっては、監護の範囲外では、父母の権利義務に変更を生じない。
• The rights and duties of parents beyond the scope of custody may not be altered by the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs.

• 新設合併設立組合は、その成立の日に、新設合併消滅組合の権利義務を承継する。
• A formed cooperative shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the consolidated cooperatives on the date of its establishment.

• 今までは検査なく輸入可能であったが、第三者機関の証明書の添付を義務付けた。
• Until now, it was possible to import without inspections, but it became necessary to attach a statement of proof of inspection by a third party organization.

• 男性は、軍隊では軍服の着用が義務づけられたが、このときの軍服は洋服である。
• Males were required to wear military uniforms that had been already westernized then.

• 庸が年間20日の労役の義務であるのに対し40日の雑徭により庸が免除される。
• The yo was a part of the soyocho from which it was possible to be exempted; this annual mandatory 20 days of labor could be substituted with 40 days of the zatsuyo.

• 前項の規定により督促するときは、機構は、納付義務者に対して督促状を発する。
• When the Agency makes a demand pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, it shall issue a written demand to the person obliged to pay.

• 非居住者は、次に掲げる場合には、この法律により、所得税を納める義務がある。
• A nonresident shall be liable to pay income tax pursuant to this Act in any of the following cases:

• ただし、現に利益を受けている限度においてのみ、その財産を返還する義務を負う
• provided, however, that such person shall have the obligation to return such property only to the extent he/she is actually enriched

• 職務上の義務違反その他筆界調査委員たるに適しない非行があると認められるとき。
• when he/she is found to have breached his/her obligation in the course of his/her duties or where there has been any other misconduct that is inappropriate for a parcel boundary examiner.

• 吸収合併存続株式会社は、効力発生日に、吸収合併消滅会社の権利義務を承継する。
• A Stock Company Surviving Absorption-type Merger shall succeed to the rights and obligations of a Company Absorbed in Absorption-type Merger on the Effective Day.

• 吸収合併存続持分会社は、効力発生日に、吸収合併消滅会社の権利義務を承継する。
• A Membership Company Surviving Absorption-type Merger shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the Company Absorbed in Absorption-type Merger on the Effective Day.

• 1889年の大日本帝国憲法により、華族は貴族院 (日本)となる義務を負った。
• According to the Constitution of the Empire of Japan established in 1889, each kazoku class member was obliged to become a member of Kizokuin.

• アメリカ合衆国はまだ京都議定書を批准していないため削減義務は課されていない。
• The reducing obligation is not imposed on the United States of America because it has not ratified Kyoto Protocol yet.

• 大名には幕府によりその格式に定められた参勤交代と御手伝いの義務が課せられた。
• The shogunate government obliged daimyo to live in Edo every other year (Sankinkotai) and compulsory service in construction work, which were determined according to their social status.

• 予告してもなお義務の履行がなされないときは、決議書を交付して納付を命じるる。
• If the obligated party does not fulfill the duty even after receiving the advance notice (or warning), a written resolution is issued to order payment.

• そして、国立銀行が発行する銀行券には金貨などの兌換硬貨との交換を義務付ける。
• And then, national banks were put under obligation to exchange the bank notes for convertible coins such as gold coins.

• ほとんどの日本史学専攻の学生は受講しなければならないよう義務付けられている。
• For most students majoring in Japanese history, learning paleography is compulsory.

• 課税標準申告書の提出を要しない賦課課税方式による国税　その納税義務の成立の日
• A national tax subject to the official assessment system for which no tax base return form is required to be filed:　the day on which the tax liability was established

• 公聴会のテーマは「デジタル時代のプライバシー：暗号と義務的アクセス」である。
• The subject of the hearing was 'Privacy in a Digital Age: Encryption and Mandatory Access'.

• 正当なまたは法的な義務、信用、信頼を裏切るすべての行為、不作為、隠匿からなる
• comprises all acts or omissions or concealments involving breach of equitable or legal duty or trust or confidence

• 義務が確立された行動規範の厳守を確実にすることであるサウジアラビアの宗教警察
• religious police in Saudi Arabia whose duty is to ensure strict adherence to established codes of conduct

• 特定の原因、動作、または態度を約束するなど、束縛された、または義務付けられた
• bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude

• （義務、質問、または問題）の履行、回答、実行を避ける、あるいは避けようとする
• avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues)

• 業務を執行する社員は、善良な管理者の注意をもって、その職務を行う義務を負う。
• Partners who execute the business shall have the duty to perform their duties with due care of a prudent manager.

• 新設合併設立株式会社は、その成立の日に、新設合併消滅会社の権利義務を承継する。
• A Stock Company Incorporated through Consolidation-type Merger shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the Companies Consolidated through Consolidation-type Merger on the day of its formation.

• 新設合併設立持分会社は、その成立の日に、新設合併消滅会社の権利義務を承継する。
• A Membership Company Incorporated through Consolidation-type Merger shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the Companies Consolidated through Consolidation-type Merger on the day of its formation.

• 執行裁判所は、財産開示期日において、開示義務者に対し質問を発することができる。
• An execution court may ask questions to the person obliged to disclose on the property disclosure date.

• 地租改正により土地所有者は金銭によって税金を払う義務が課せられることになった。
• As a result of the Land Tax Reform, the duty to pay the tax in cash was imposed upon landowners.

• ただし、五街道や脇往還の宿場町及び助郷義務を負っていた村に対しては免除された。
• However, the inn towns located along Go-kaido Road (five major roads used for travel) and Wakiokan (main roads other than Gokaido Road), as well as villages that had a duty of sukego (labor service which was imposed to the neighboring village of the inn towns) were waived from the tax.

• そして建設のための重税や労役を義務付け、また道路用地を収用などの負担を強いた。
• He imposed heavy taxation and compulsory royaku and expropriated land for road construction.

• 1. 聖戦　自国の戦闘行為は常に正しく、それに参加することは崇高な義務である。
• 1. Holy war: One's country's conflict is always right, and it is one's sublime duty to participate in it.

• 住所地特例対象施設に入所又は入居中の被保険者の特例に係る特別徴収義務者への通知
• Notification to a Person under Obligation of Special Collection pertaining to an Exception of Insured Person that is Staying at or in Residence of a Facility Subject to Domicile Exception

• 納付義務者の住所又は居所がわからないため、公示送達の方法によつて督促したとき。
• The demand is made through service by publication due to the unknown address or residence of the person liable for the payment;

• 納付義務者の住所又は居所がわからないため、公示送達の方法によって督促したとき。
• Since the address or residence of the person obliged to pay was unknown, the demand was made through public notification service.

• 信託財産管理者は、その職務を行うに当たっては、受託者と同一の義務及び責任を負う。
• A trust property administrator, when performing the duties, shall assume the same duties and liabilities as a trustee.

• 法第二十五条第四項の規定により許可を受ける義務が課された同項に規定する役務取引等
• Service transactions, etc. prescribed in Article 25, paragraph (4) of the Act for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provision of the said paragraph

• 試合によっては防具着用を義務付ける場合もあるが、それでも直接打撃は認めていない。
• In some matches, players are required to wear protective gear, but direct attack isn't allowed.

• 同法第11条及び同規則第5条による特定原材料を含む旨の表示が義務付けられている。
• Packages of soba (buckwheat flour) are required to include denotation that the content contains a specific raw material as prescribed by Chapter eleven and Chapter five of the said ordinance in the foregoing.

• 国司はこれら新たな税目（官物・臨時雑役）の中央への納入を義務づけられたのである。
• Kokushi were obliged to pay these newly introduced tax items (kanmotsu/rinji zoyaku) to the central government.

• 天皇の行幸の際には漏刻博士1名と守辰丁12名が漏刻とともに随従する義務があった。
• During an imperial visit, one Rokoku Hakase and 12 Shushincho were obliged to join the procession, along with the rokoku.

• 耕作者ではなく、地券の発行により確認された土地所有者（地主）を納税義務者とした。
• Instead of cultivators, by ensuring through the issuing of certificate of land title, the landowners (landlords) were made to be tax debtors.

• 第一項の認可を受けた者は、被相続人に係る第三条の許可に基づく権利義務を承継する。
• The person who has been granted the approval given in paragraph (1) shall succeed to the rights and obligations based on the permission given in Article 3 pertaining to the decedent.

• そして、それぞれ、その性質と能力に応じた義務を果たすという約束が取り交わされた。
• Each undertook his proper duty in accordance with his own nature and powers.

• その語源は、誓約によって義務づけられるという意味の動詞 rotisya であり、
• Its root is that of the verb 'rotisya,' to bind oneself by an oath;

• 衡平法が彼に要求する義務の信用できる人による違反（詐欺または過失のどれかによる）
• violation (either through fraud or negligence) by a trustee of a duty that equity requires of him

• 初日が開いてから三日間は、狂言方は、セリフをツケなければならない（狂言方の義務）。
• For the first three days after the opening day, kyogen players must have speeches (kyogen players' duty).

• 租税義務のともなう輸租田を主とするものであり、初期荘園（墾田地系荘園）と呼ばれる。
• Shoen were mainly Yusoden, which were rice fields subject to taxation, and known as shoki shoen (literally, shoen in initial stage).

• 金貨との交換義務を持つ兌換紙幣の発行権を持ち、当初は第一から第五の4行が設立された
• The National Bank had the right to issue the convertible currency, which had the obligation to replace with gold coins, and at first, four banks from the First to the Fifth National Banks were established.

• 前二号に規定するもののほか、永小作人の権利又は義務に関する定めがあるときは、その定め
• in addition to what is prescribed in the preceding two items, if there is a provision concerning rights or obligations of the farming right holder, such provision

• この法律の規定により受託者が受益者に対し報告すべき事項を委託者に対しても報告する義務
• the duty to report to the settlor the matters which the trustee should report to the beneficiary pursuant to the provisions of this Act; and

• 権利又は義務に関する他人の文書又は電磁的記録を毀棄した者は、五年以下の懲役に処する。
• A person who damages a document or electromagnetic record of another that concerns rights or duties shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 5 years.

• 組合員は、前条の規定による決定に基づき、組合の業務を執行する権利を有し、義務を負う。
• A partner has the right and the obligation to manage the Partnership's businesses in accordance with the decisions made pursuant to the preceding Article.

• 調庸・封物の損失や未進が発生した場合は、郡司・富豪が私的に補償する義務を負わされた。
• When choyo and/or fubutsu was lost or could not be delivered, the gunji or the rich and powerful person was obliged to make necessary private compensation.

• 雑徭は、国司の命に従って、国内の土木工事や政府機関での雑用に従事する労役義務である。
• The irregular corvee was labor carried out on public works or miscellaneous work at government offices within a province and ordered by the provincial governor.

• 指定居宅サービス事業者が、第七十四条第四項に規定する義務に違反したと認められるとき。
• when it is determined that a Designated In-Home Service Provider violates an obligation as prescribed in Article 74, paragraph (4);

• 指定居宅介護支援事業者が、第八十一条第四項に規定する義務に違反したと認められるとき。
• when it is determined that a Designated In-Home Long-Term Care Support Provider violates an obligation as prescribed in Article 81, paragraph (4);

• 個人は、法人課税信託の引受けを行うときは、この法律により、法人税を納める義務がある。
• An individual who accepts the position of trustee of a trust subject to corporation taxation shall be liable to pay corporation tax pursuant to this Act.

• この状況では、慣習は所有者／独裁者が公平に貢献者にクレジットを与えることを義務づける
• In this situation, custom places an obligation on the owner/dictator to credit contributors fairly

• しかし、それらが他人への義務の不履行を含むときには、道徳的排撃の対象となるだけです。
• but they are only a subject of moral reprobation when they involve a breach of duty to others,

• 全財産をなげうち、ちゅうちょなく命を危険にさらし、ただ黙々と義務を果たしているのだ！
• He had sacrificed his fortune, and was now risking his life, all without hesitation, from duty, in silence.

• 鞭で打つか、苦しめる拷問者（特に義務が犯罪者をむち打ちにすることになっている当局者）
• a torturer who flogs or scourges (especially an official whose duty is to whip offenders)

• 債務に対する支払い義務があり、利益を受け取る権利のある一人の人間が所有する非法人企業
• an unincorporated business owned by a single person who is responsible for its liabilities and entitled to its profits

• 職員は、事務局長の権限に服し、自分の義務の履行について、事務局長に対して責任を負う。
• Staff members shall be subject to the authority of the Director-General and responsible to him for the performance of their duties.

• 当該給付を受けた受益者　現に受けた個別の給付額に相当する金銭の受託者に対する支払の義務
• the beneficiary to whom the distribution was made:　the liability to pay to the trustee monies equivalent to each distributed amount actually received.

• 新設合併設立商品取引所は、その成立の日に、新設合併消滅商品取引所の権利義務を承継する。
• A Commodity Exchange Established by a Consolidation-Type Merger shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the Commodity Exchanges Dissolved in a Consolidation-Type Merger on the day of its establishment.

• 受任者は、委任の本旨に従い、善良な管理者の注意をもって、委任事務を処理する義務を負う。
• A mandatary shall assume a duty to administer the mandated business with the care of a good manager compliance with the main purport of the mandate.

• 遺言執行者は、相続財産の管理その他遺言の執行に必要な一切の行為をする権利義務を有する。
• An executor shall have the rights and duties of administration of inherited property and all other necessary acts for the execution of a will.

• この法律に規定する鉱業権者又は租鉱権者の権利義務は、鉱業権又は租鉱権とともに移転する。
• The rights and duties of those who have mining rights or mining lease rights prescribed by this Act shall be transferred with mining rights or mining lease rights.

• 1631年、新寺の創建を禁止し、翌年以降、各本山に対して「末寺帳」の提出を義務づけた。
• In 1631, the shogunate banned the construction of a new temple, and the following year it compelled every main temple to submit a 'matsuji cho' (list of sub-temples).

• 檀家制度は、民衆はいずれかの寺院を菩提寺としてその檀家となる事を義務づけるものである。
• According to the Danka system, all the common people had to belong to bodaiji (family temple) and become the temple's danka (supporter of a Buddhist temple).

• 「仏徒たりとも神国の神民である以上、神孫の義務を尽くして根本を保全しなければならぬ。」
• All had to perform duties as the descendants of god to maintain the basic belief that 'we are a nation of god,' even Buddhist monks.'

• 律令においては、年間20日の労役の義務があり、それを免れるために収める税が庸であった。
• Yo was the tax paid for evading the obligation to engage in 20 days labor service per year that was laid down in the Ritsuryo codes.

• 倫理とは共同体の一員としての義務であり、思想とは命題に対して思惟を展開する行為である。
• Ethics is an obligation as a member of community and way of thought is an act to develop manas for proposition.

• なお、天皇の側近たる侍従及び天皇の警護を行う内舎人は帯剣することを義務付けられていた。
• Meanwhile, the Udoneri guarding the Emperor and the Jiju, attendants of the Emperor, was obliged to wear a sword.

• 介護老人保健施設の開設者が、第九十七条第五項に規定する義務に違反したと認められるとき。
• when it is determined that an Organizer of a Long-Term Care Health Facility violates an obligation as prescribed in Article 97, paragraph (5);

• こうしたものを培うことを通して、社会はその義務を果たし同時にその利害を守るのであって、
• It is through the cultivation of these, that society both does its duty and protects its interests:

• 他人の権利を売買の目的としたときは、売主は、その権利を取得して買主に移転する義務を負う。
• If the subject matter of the sale is the rights of others, the seller shall assume an obligation to acquire the rights and transfer the same to the buyer.

• 職員は、職員としては、法律、命令、規則又は指令による職務を担当する以外の義務を負わない。
• Apart from taking charge of those duties provided for by laws, orders, rules or directives, officials as such shall assume no other obligations whatsoever.

• 夫人民、政府ニ対シテ租税ヲ払フノ義務アル者ハ、乃チ其政府ノ事ヲ与知可否スルノ権理ヲ有ス。
• All the people who are obliged to pay tax to the government shall have the right to be involved in the politics of the government and to debate whether our politics are right or wrong.

• また、親が悔返権を行使した場合でも事後における幕府への報告義務はあったと考えられている。
• It is thought that even when parents used their right of Kuikaeshi, they were obliged to report to the Shogunate afterward.

• 寛永12年（1635年）の武家諸法度の改訂では、大名に参勤交代を義務づける規定を加える。
• In the revision of Laws for Warrior Houses in 1635, he added the rule requiring feudal lords to reside in Edo every other year.

• 我々は調印された合意の履行とそれぞれが背負う義務の履行の要求をモットーに掲げていました。
• We raised the motto of demanding the implementation of the signed agreements and dues due on each party.

• 当該外国等の権利若しくは利益又は当該外国等による占有若しくは使用から生ずる当該外国等の義務
• The obligations of said Foreign State, etc. arising from rights or interests of said Foreign State, etc. or the possession of or use by said Foreign State, etc.

• 証人が受訴裁判所に出頭する義務がないとき、又は正当な理由により出頭することができないとき。
• Where the witness does not have an obligation to appear before the court in charge of the case, or is unable to appear before that court for justifiable grounds.

• 日本国内の場合、多くの自治体では初期処理には専門の資格者が当たることが義務付けられている。
• In Japan, many municipalities oblige cooks to have a special license for the first stage of processing.

• 均田制は、民衆へ一律に田地を支給する代わりに、納税と軍役を義務づけることを目的としていた。
• The objective of the equal-field system was to supply a field uniformly to the common people, in order to make them pay taxes and to make them work for military purposes.

• 超過した排出量を 3割増にした上で次期排出枠から差し引く（次期削減義務値に上乗せされる）。
• The amount exceeding the emissions allowance is increased by 30% and then is subtracted from the next emissions allowance (added on the next obligation value of reduction).

• 武士は基本的に主君から知行を与えられて、それに対応した軍役を義務として果たすものであった。
• Basically, the samurai was given a chigyo (fief, or estate of land) from his Lord and was obliged to do military service in return.

• 指定介護老人福祉施設の開設者が、第八十八条第四項に規定する義務に違反したと認められるとき。
• when it is determined that an organizer of a Designated Facility Covered by Public Aid Providing Long-Term Care to the Elderly violates an obligation as prescribed in Article 88, paragraph (4);

• 指定介護療養型医療施設の開設者が、第百十条第四項に規定する義務に違反したと認められるとき。
• when it is determined that an organizer of a Designated Medical Long-Term Care Sanatorium violates an obligation as prescribed in Article 110, paragraph (4);

• 作業に従事する労働者に対し、使用者として法律に規定されたすべての義務を負うものであること。
• The person owes all obligations provided by any Act as the employer to the workers engaged in the work.

• 課税標準申告書の提出を要しない賦課課税方式による国税に係る賦課決定　その納税義務の成立の日
• An assessment and determination regarding the national tax subject to the official assessment system for which no tax base return form is required to be filed:　the day on which the tax liability has been established

• こんな時に一口でも先方の心を慰（なぐさ）めてやるのは、江戸（えど）っ子の義務だと思ってる。
• and my compassion was aroused to such an extent that I considered it the duty of a Yedo kid to console him to the best of my ability.

• しかし、それは家族や債権者にたいする義務の不履行によってであり、浪費のせいではないのです。
• but it is for the breach of duty to his family or creditors, not for the extravagance.

• 役人に法律が絶対的な義務と見なすが、役人に裁量が認められない行政上の行為を命じる異例な令状
• an extraordinary writ commanding an official to perform a ministerial act that the law recognizes as an absolute duty and not a matter for the official's discretion

• 小切手や約束手形を受け取り、満期に手形に書かれた相手に支払いの義務を負う人（あるいは団体）
• the person (or institution) who accepts a check or draft and becomes responsible for paying the party named in the draft when it matures

• 当該情報に係る秘密の保護に関する義務を条件としない形態では、受領する者の利用に供しないもの
• are not available to the receiving party without an obligation concerning confidentiality.

• 第一項の規定により業務執行者の負う義務は、総投資主の同意がなければ、免除することができない。
• No exemption from the obligation assumed by the Executing Person pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be granted without the consent of all Investors.

• 扶養義務等に係る金銭債権についての強制執行の特例 （第百六十七条の十五・第百六十七条の十六）
• Special Provisions on Compulsory Execution for a Monetary Claim pertaining to Duty to Support, etc. (Article 167-15 to Article 167-16)

• 給付義務者に対する第一項の開始決定の効力は、開始決定が当該給付義務者に送達された時に生ずる。
• The commencement order set forth in paragraph (1) shall become effective against a person obligated to deliver when the commencement order was served upon said person obligated to deliver.

• 前号の容器包装区分に係る特定分別基準適合物の第十一条から第十三条までに規定する再商品化義務量
• The obligatory recycling amount prescribed in Articles 11 to 13 inclusive of waste containers and packaging that conform to the specified sorting standards pertaining to the Classification of Containers and Packaging set forth in the preceding item

• 十二年籠山では好相行が義務付けられており、好相行を満行しなければ十二年籠山の許可が下りない。
• Kosogyo training is mandatory for, and must be completed before permission will be granted for, 12 Year Rozan training.

• 公事は関東御公事（みくうじ）ともいい、幕府から御家人に賦課された米銭の納入義務のことである。
• Political service was also referred to as 'Kanto Mikuji' and consisted of collecting the taxes of rice and money levied on gokenin by the bakufu.

• 指定介護予防サービス事業者が、第百十五条の四第四項に規定する義務に違反したと認められるとき。
• when it is determined that an organizer of Designated Provider of Preventive Long-Term Care Service violates an obligation as prescribed in Article 115-4, paragraph (4), item (iv);

• 指定介護予防支援事業者が、第百十五条の二十二第四項に規定する義務に違反したと認められるとき。
• when it is determined that an organizer of a Designated Provider of Preventive Support for Long-Term Care violates an obligation as prescribed in Article 115-22, paragraph (4);

• 子供の場合は、誤って使われた自由の概念は、国家がその義務を果すことの本当の障害物となります。
• It is in the case of children, that misapplied notions of liberty are a real obstacle to the fulfilment by the State of its duties.

• たぶん、フィックスの考えは少しは変わったのだろうが、それでも自分の義務は果たそうとしていた。
• Perhaps Fix's opinion of Phileas Fogg was somewhat modified, but he was nevertheless resolved to do his duty,

• 寺請制度の確立によって民衆は、いずれかの寺院を菩提寺と定め、その檀家となる事を義務付けられた。
• The establishment of terauke seido forced the public to choose a certain temple as their bodaiji (family temple) and to become danka (supporters of the temple).

• スポーツチャンバラでは、二刀の部では二刀流が義務づけられ、異種の部では二刀流が認められている。
• In Sports Chanbara (a free-style Japanese combat sport based on sword fighting), players must be in the two-sword style in nito (two swords) tournaments, and players are allowed to fight in the two-sword style in ishu (a match between different weapons) tournaments.

• 名主・荘官は名田に係る官物・年貢を徴収して、国衙・荘園領主（領家）へ納入する義務を負っていた。
• Myoshu/shokan were obliged to collect kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes)/nengu imposed on myoden and deliver them to kokuga/lord of shoen (ryoke).

• 幕府と御恩と奉公の関係にある御家人・守護・地頭らがその義務の一環として負担を行ったものがある。
• There were taxes and labor borne by Gokenin, Shugo, and Jito as a part of their obligations to the bakufu because they had a relationship of favor and service with the bakufu.

• もう一つは「○分（○家抱）・×作」と併記して負担義務者と実際の耕作者に分けて記したものである。
• Another was that the actual cultivator of the land was differentiated from the person responsible for those burdens, and it went, 'The land is owned by - (or, 'held by the family of - ') and cultivated by -.'

• 民衆を良民と賎民（五色の賤）とに分け、農民である良民には租・庸・調・納税・雑徭の義務を課した。
• The people were divided into Ryomin (law-abiding people) and Senmin (Goshiki no sen, five lowly castes), and the obligations of So (rice), Yo (capitation), Cho (textile products), tax payment, and zoyo (irregular corvee) were imposed upon Ryomin, who were peasants.

• 前述のとおり、江戸時代までの貢租は米による物納制度であり、あくまで生産者が納税義務者であった。
• As mentioned before, koso until Edo period was rice by the system of payment in kind and the producers were tax debtors.

• 公地公民の原則に従って、朝廷は班田収授法に基づき人民へ口分田を与え、租税を納める義務を課した。
• According to the principle of Kochi Komin sei, the Imperial Court allotted kubunden (the farm land given to each farmer in the Ritsuryo system) to people and imposed on them an obligation to pay land taxes.

• 執行罰とは、非代替的作為義務又は不作為義務の不履行に対して、一定額の過料を科すことを予告する。
• Shikko-batsu is an advance notice (or warning) to impose the fixed amount of Karyo on default of a duty that only a specific obligated party can be able to delivery (or execute) the performance of the duty or on default of a duty that delivery or execution of a specific performance is forbidden by a law.

• 官吏に武器の所有を義務付けることは天武天皇以来の政策であったが、特定個人の褒賞の記事は珍しい。
• Since the period of Emperor Tenmu, the officials had been obligated to bring weapons by imperial policy, however, such article which an emperor praised a particular official is rarely found.

• 藤氏長者はまた、廟堂における氏の地位を保全するため、時に氏人の意見を廟堂に提出する義務がある。
• In addition, to maintain the position of his clan in the imperial court, toshi choja sometimes had the obligation to present opinions of his clan members to the imperial court.

• 地頭に補任されるなどの厚い保護を受ける見返りに、有事には緊急に鎌倉に参集する義務を負っていた。
• While gokenin samurai retainers received extensive patronage (eg. being appointed manor lords), they were also obligated to muster in Kamakura during times of emergency.

• 指定地域密着型サービス事業者が、第七十八条の四第六項に規定する義務に違反したと認められるとき。
• when it is determined that a Designated Community-Based Service Provider violates an obligation as prescribed in Article 78-4, paragraph (6);

• 釈放条項が守られる限り囚人が残りの義務を刑務所の外で過ごせる権利を与える服役からの条件付き釈放
• a conditional release from imprisonment that entitles the person to serve the remainder of the sentence outside the prison as long as the terms of release are complied with

• 無報酬で寄託を受けた者は、自己の財産に対するのと同一の注意をもって、寄託物を保管する義務を負う。
• A person who has undertaken a deposit gratuitously shall assume a duty to retain the Thing deposited exercising care identical to that he/she exercises for his/her own property.

• 相続人が限定承認をしたときは、その被相続人に対して有した権利義務は、消滅しなかったものとみなす。
• If an heir makes qualified acceptance, the rights and duties that person has towards the decedent shall be deemed not to have been extinguished.

• 法第六十七条の十九に規定する通知その他法令上の義務の履行として行う当該有価証券に関する情報の提供
• the giving of notice under the provisions of Article 67-19 of the Act, and the provision of information on the relevant Securities made as the performance of obligations under laws and regulations; and

• 天皇又は摂政及び国務大臣、国会議員、裁判官その他の公務員は、この憲法を尊重し擁護する義務を負ふ。
• The Emperor or the Regent as well as Ministers of State, members of the Diet, judges, and all other public officials have the obligation to respect and uphold this Constitution.

• この法律で「保護者」とは、少年に対して法律上監護教育の義務ある者及び少年を現に監護する者をいう。
• In this Act, the term 'Custodian' refers to a person with a statutory obligation to have custody of and provide education to a Juvenile, or a person who has actual custody of a Juvenile.

• 事業協同組合が商品券を発行したときは、組合員は、これに対してその取扱商品につき引換の義務を負う。
• When a business cooperative has issued a gift voucher, its partner shall have an obligation to exchange it with goods they handle.

• 1881年8月15日には解禁（内務省布達甲第8号）されたが、管長の免許証の携帯が義務づけられた。
• The ban was removed on 15 August, 1881 (ko dai 8 go (ordinance No. 8 of the first part) of the Ministry of Interior), but a license given by the chief abbot needed to be carried.

• 小学校未就学の青年には「朝鮮特別青年錬成所」への一年の入所を義務とし、600時間の教育を行った。
• Youths who didn't go to elementary school were obliged to go to 'Korean Special Youth Training Camp' for one year to have 600-hour education.

• その許可の証として旅行中所持していることを義務付けられ、現代のパスポートや身分証明書に相当する。
• Travelers were obliged to carry it as a proof of the permission during their travels, and it is equivalent to the present passport and identity card.

• 本来的にあるはずの経世済民の義務ですら全く無視し、風雅の追求のみに傾倒する文人が多数現れている。
• There appeared many Bunjin who completely ignored the fundamental duties of governing a nation and providing relief to people and only sought elegance and taste.

• 私たちには誰しも皆、生者の義務、生者の愛情があり、それには大変な努力が必要です、当然、必要です。
• We have all of us living duties and living affections which claim, and rightly claim, our strenuous endeavours.

• 人類の支配者として，彼は社会がばらばらに分裂しないようにするのが自分の義務だと考えていたのです。
• As a ruler of mankind, he deemed it his duty not to suffer society to fall in pieces;

• だから、その宗教を受け入れるのが自分の義務でないのなら、それを阻止するのが義務だと思えたのです。
• unless, therefore, it was his duty to adopt that religion, it seemed to be his duty to put it down.

• 一方、純粋なキリスト教倫理では、義務という大分野はほとんど注意を払われず、認知されてもいません。
• in purely Christian ethics, that grand department of duty is scarcely noticed or acknowledged.

• 道徳的義務ではいつだって、法的義務でもたいていの場合、最強の根拠があるというのに、そうなのです。
• where there are the strongest grounds for the former always, and in many cases for the latter also.

• 盗んだり、義務を怠ったり、物事をほったらかしにしたり、誰かを傷つけたりしたことはありませんか。
• Have you stolen, neglected your duty, let things go or injured someone?

• 天皇又は攝政及び國務大臣、國會議員、裁判官その他の公務員は、この憲法を尊重し擁護する義務を負ふ。
• The Emperor or the Regent as well as Ministers of State, members of the Diet, judges, and all other public officials have the obligation to respect and uphold this Constitution.

• 吸収分割承継株式会社は、効力発生日に、吸収分割契約の定めに従い、吸収分割会社の権利義務を承継する。
• A Succeeding Stock Company in Absorption-type Company Split shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the Splitting Company in Absorption-type Company Split, in accordance with the provisions of the Absorption-type Company Split agreement, on the Effective Day.

• 吸収分割承継持分会社は、効力発生日に、吸収分割契約の定めに従い、吸収分割会社の権利義務を承継する。
• A Succeeding Membership Company in Absorption-type Company Split shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the Splitting Company in Absorption-type Company Split, in accordance with the provisions of the Absorption-type Company Split agreement, on the Effective Day.

• 法第二十四条第一項又は第二項の規定により許可を受ける義務が課された同条第一項に規定する特定資本取引
• Specified capital transactions prescribed in Article 24, paragraph (1) of the Act for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) or (2) of the said Article

• 呼出しに対する出頭の義務を課す場合における当該出頭の要求は、出頭すべき日時及び場所を指定して行う。
• In cases where the obligation to appear is imposed, the request for appearance shall be made with a designation of the time and date and place to appear.

• 弁護士法人の社員は、定款で別段の定めがある場合を除き、すべて業務を執行する権利を有し、義務を負う。
• The members of a Legal Professional Corporation shall have the right and bear the obligation to execute all of its practices unless otherwise provided for in its articles of incorporation.

• かつて武蔵国の国府が置かれていた府中市内には工事に際して発掘調査が義務付けられている地区があった。
• Research excavation prior to any construction work was mandatory for certain areas in Fuchu City which used to be the seat of the provincial office of Musashi Province.

• 名田において、名主は百姓らから年貢・公事・夫役を徴収し、国司や荘園領主へ納入する義務を負っていた。
• In the myoden system, myoshu were obligated to collect taxes (taxes in kind, public duties and labor services) from peasants for territorial governors or manorial lords.

• また、預かった人・団体（五人組など）は探索の義務を有し、これを見つけ出せなければ過料に処せられた。
• Any person who was in charge of azuke or any organization in charge (such as gonin-gumi) was required to seek runaway criminal, and if not found, the person or organization in charge was imposed a fine.

• 反対に本来は脇在家・下人・所従など正規の住民としての権利を有しない者には公事負担の義務はなかった。
• On the other hand, people originally having no qualification as residents such as waki zaike (branch zaike), low ranked people, retainers and so on had no obligation to bear kuji.

• 一方で、規式の保持や戦勝祈願の修法や戦没者供養、神社には神益奉仕などを義務づける統制を行っている。
• On the other hand, they imposed obligations such as retaining conventions, carrying out a method in esoteric Buddhism to pray for a victory in a war, holding memorial services for the fallen, and dedication to the god(s) for shrines.

• 私はしばしば君に自分の義務を果たすように言ったが、君はどうしても私の言うことを聞こうとしなかった。
• I often told you to do your duty, but you would not listen to me.

• 困難または義務を逃れることを可能にするあいまいさ（特に法律または契約のテキストにおけるあいまいさ）
• an ambiguity (especially one in the text of a law or contract) that makes it possible to evade a difficulty or obligation

• 新設分割設立株式会社は、その成立の日に、新設分割計画の定めに従い、新設分割会社の権利義務を承継する。
• A Stock Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the Splitting Company(ies) in Incorporation-type Company Split, in accordance with the provisions of the Incorporation-type Company Split plan, on the day of its formation.

• 新設分割設立持分会社は、その成立の日に、新設分割計画の定めに従い、新設分割会社の権利義務を承継する。
• A Membership Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the Splitting Company(ies) in Incorporation-type Company Split, in accordance with the provisions of the Incorporation-type Company Split plan, on the day of its formation.

• 第七十七条第一項又は第百八十四条第一項の規定により受託者がする計算の承認を委託者に対しても求める義務
• the duty to request that the settlor give an approval for the settlement of accounts for which the trustee is to give approval pursuant to the provisions of Article 77, paragraph (1) or Article 184, paragraph (1).

• 法人は、法令の規定に従い、定款又は寄附行為で定められた目的の範囲内において、権利を有し、義務を負う。
• A juridical person shall have rights and assume duties to the extent of the purpose provided in the applicable articles of incorporation or act of endowment subject to the applicable provisions of the laws and regulations.

• 他人が押印し又は署名した権利、義務又は事実証明に関する文書又は図画を変造した者も、前項と同様とする。
• The same shall apply to a person who alters a document or drawing bearing the seal or signature of another and relating to rights, duties or certification of facts.

• 第十六条第一項から第三項までの規定により許可を受ける義務が課された支払等　当該許可を受けていること。
• Payment, etc. for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs 1 to 3 inclusive of Article 16:　Obtainment of the permission

• 仮の義務付け又は仮の差止めは、公共の福祉に重大な影響を及ぼすおそれがあるときは、することができない。
• No provisional order of mandamus or provisional injunctive order may be made when such order is likely to seriously affect public welfare.

• 現在、本葛には、原料原産地名の表示義務がない為、本葛の表示があっても国産とは限らないのが現状である。
• It is not a requirement to display the details of raw materials and producing areas on the package of kudzu flour, so the kudzu flour with a label of 'Hon-kudzu-ko' isn't always made from the root of kudzu vine grown in Japan.

• 当時は義務教育も普及しておらず、大部分の民衆は文字を書くことはおろか、新聞も読むことが出来なかった。
• In those days, compulsory education was not spreading enough, and most people were unable to write letters, much less to read newspaper.

• 九州全域の租税の集計を扱い、弘仁13年（822年）には税帳使として上洛して状況報告が義務付けられた。
• This person's totaled-up the taxes for the entire Kyushu area and in 822 he it became mandatory for this person to bring the tax accounts to the capital and report them.

• そして白銀の名を今度の競馬から取除いてもらうことが、公衆に対する義務ではないかと思うもんですからな」
• and especially as to whether we do not owe it to the public to remove our horse's name from the entries for the cup.''

• われわれは、いかなる世代もかつて義務として課せられたことがないようなことに取り組まなければならない。
• We must do what no generation has had to do before.

• （人々について）他者や他の物は対象となる義務や法的責任（税金など）から解放される、または訴追されない
• (of persons) freed from or not subject to an obligation or liability (as e.g. taxes) to which others or other things are subject

• 債務者が保証人を立てる義務を負う場合には、その保証人は、次に掲げる要件を具備する者でなければならない。
• Where an obligor has the obligation to furnish a guarantor, such guarantor must:

• 負担付遺贈を受けた者は、遺贈の目的の価額を超えない限度においてのみ、負担した義務を履行する責任を負う。
• A person who has received a testamentary gift with burden shall bear a responsibility to perform the duties borne, limited to an amount not exceeding the object of the testamentary gift.

• 離婚をした当事者間の扶養義務は、第二条の規定にかかわらず、その離婚について適用された法によつて定める。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2, the obligation of support between divorced parties shall be governed by the law which governed their divorce.

• 人道的措置の履行を義務づけるこの条項は、西欧列強の朝鮮に対する要望を日本が替わりに挿入したものである。
• This provision, which provided the obligation of humanitarian measures, was inserted by Japan as a requirement of the powerful countries of Western Europe toward Korea.

• 頼朝以来の先例（「右大将家の例」）や武家社会の道理を基準とし、御家人の権利義務や所領相続の規定が多い。
• It was based on the precedents ('Udaishoke no rei' [precedents of the family of Udaisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards)]) since the era of Yoritomo and the morals of samurai society, and included many regulations of right, obligation and territory succession of gokenin.

• これは、国司・国衙が土地管理・権利義務裁定の枠組みとして、条里呼称法および班田図を活用したためである。
• This is because kokushi (provincial governors) and kokuga (provincial government offices) utilized the jori naming method and handen map as the framework for land management and judgement of rights and obligations.

• 僕の当然の明白な義務は、この低く這っている木々に都合よく隠れて、できるかぎり近づくことだと思ったのだ。
• and that my plain and obvious duty was to draw as close as I could manage, under the favourable ambush of the crouching trees.

• [1] ヴィルヘルム・フォン・フンボルト男爵のドイツ語からの翻訳「統治の領域と義務」11、13ページ
• Note 1 The Sphere and Duties of Government, from the German of Baron Wilhelm von Humboldt, pp. 11, 13.

• というのは、冷酷だという悪評がたたないようでは、軍隊を統合し、義務に従わせることはできないからです。
• for without it he would never hold his army united or disposed to its duties.

• 公社は、会社の成立の時において解散するものとし、その一切の権利及び義務は、その時において会社が承継する。
• The Public Corporation shall be dissolved at the time of incorporation of the Company, and all rights and liabilities of the Public Corporation shall, at such time, be succeeded to by the Company.

• 若衆歌舞伎が禁止される際に、幕府より「物真似狂言づくし」を義務付けられたことも演劇的発展の一因になった。
• Before banning Wakashu Kabuki, the Tokugawa shogunate ordered them to play 'impersonation & 'Kyogen' (Noh comedies),' and this also encouraged the development of Kabuki as a drama.

• 田堵負名は、名経営を国衙から委任される代わりに、官物・雑役などの租税・課役を国衙へ進納する義務を負った。
• Tato fumyo was under the obligation to distribute taxes and assignments, such as kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) and zoyaku (odd-jobs tasks) to the kokuga in exchange for holding a commission from the kokuga to administrate each myo.

• 大日本帝国憲法第19条は、人民の均しい公務就任権を規定し、大日本帝国憲法第20条は兵役の義務を規定した。
• Article 19 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan guaranteed equal rights of all the people to engage in public services, and article 20 defined the people's duty of military service.

• 武家政権の創始者として頼朝の業績は高く評価されており、ほとんどの日本人は義務教育で頼朝の名を学んでいる。
• Yoritomo's achievement is highly rated as a founder of the military government, and most Japanese have learnt Yoritomo's name in compulsory education.

• メーターは計量法により1年毎の検査（正確には有効期限が1年間の検定）を受検することが義務付けられている。
• Taximeters are required to be inspected annually (actually screening validity is one year) according to the Measurement Act.

• 指定地域密着型介護予防サービス事業者が、第百十五条の十三第六項に規定する義務に違反したと認められるとき。
• when it is determined that a Designated Provider of Community-Based Service for Preventive Long-Term Care violates an obligation as prescribed in Article 115-13, paragraph (6);

• 労働者及び使用者は、労働協約、就業規則及び労働契約を遵守し、誠実に各々その義務を履行しなければならない。
• The workers and employers shall abide by collective agreements, rules of employment and labor contracts, and shall discharge their respective duties faithfully.

• 何でこの両人が当然の義務を免（まぬ）かれるのかと聞いてみたら、奏任待遇（そうにんたいぐう）だからと云う。
• On asking why these two were exempt from this duty, I was told that they were accorded by the government treatment similar to officials of 'Sonin' rank.

• 自分自身への義務という用語は、なにか思慮分別以上のものを意味する場合、自尊心と自己開発を意味するのです。
• The term duty to oneself, when it means anything more than prudence, means self-respect or self-development;

• そうではなくて、彼らが隣人のところにとどまりつづけ、それぞれの義務を果たすようにしなければなりません。
• but urge them to stay and do what they ought to do.

• ただこんなことはウェンディをほんの少しびっくりさせただけで、ウェンディは立派に義務を果たそうとしました。
• These things scared her a little, and nobly anxious to do her duty,

• フィックスについて言うと、フォッグ氏が有罪か無罪かとは関係なく、単に逮捕する義務があっただけなのだった。
• As for Fix, he had arrested Mr. Fogg because it was his duty, whether Mr. Fogg was guilty or not.

• 会社の吸収分割　吸収分割をする会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部又は一部を当該会社から承継する会社
• Absorption-type Company Split:　the Company succeeding to all or part of the rights and obligations held by the Company effecting the Absorption-type Company Split in connection with its business by transfer from such Company; or

• 吸収合併により吸収合併存続会員商品取引所が吸収合併消滅会員商品取引所から承継した重要な権利義務に関する事項
• matters concerning important rights and obligations which the Member Commodity Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger inherited from the Member Commodity Exchange Dissolved in an Absorption-Type Merger through an Absorption-Type Merger;

• 新設合併により新設合併設立会員商品取引所が新設合併消滅会員商品取引所から承継した重要な権利義務に関する事項
• matters concerning important rights and obligations which the Member Commodity Exchange Established by a Consolidation-Type Merger inherited from the Member Commodity Exchange Dissolved in a Consolidation-Type Merger through a Consolidation-Type Merger;

• 新設合併により新設合併設立株式会社商品取引所が新設合併消滅商品取引所から承継した重要な権利義務に関する事項
• matters concerning important rights and obligations which the Incorporated Commodity Exchange Established by a Consolidation-Type Merger inherited from the Commodity Exchange Dissolved in a Consolidation-Type Merger through a Consolidation-Type Merger;

• 保険契約者等の権利義務その他保険契約の内容が、保険契約者等にとって明確かつ平易に定められたものであること。
• The rights and obligations of Policyholders, etc. and other contents of the insurance contract are specified clearly and simply for the Policyholders, etc.; and

• 日本刀自体には登録が義務付けられており、登録がなされていない刀は、警察に届け出た後審査を受ける必要がある。
• A Japanese sword itself is required to be registered, and a sword without a registration needs to be notified to the Police and investigated.

• と、国・地方公共団体の機関に対しては満年齢の使用を義務付け、数え年を用いる場合は明示することを義務付けた。
• As described above, the government and municipalities were obligated to use the Western style age system and to specify so when there is a need to mention an age based on the traditional Japanese system.

• 地頭請のもとでは、地頭は、豊作・凶作に関わりなく、一定額（一定量）の年貢を領主へ納入する義務を負っていた。
• Under the jitouke, the jito was responsible for paying the feudal lord a certain amount of nengu regardless of the yield.

• 田地の班給を受けた者は、原則として租庸調を納税する義務を負ったが、中には納付義務が免除される田地もあった。
• Generally, those who were allotted rice fields were required to pay land tax, tax in kind, and tributes, although some of people were exempted.

• 中国では雑徭とは別に差科と呼ばれる労役義務が存在しており、差科に対する雑徭の位置付けについては諸説がある。
• In China, there was a labor obligation called 'saka,' separate from the irregular corvee, and there are various opinions about the relationship between the saka and the irregular corvee.

• さらに締結国が他の国1国以上と交戦した場合は、同盟国はこれを助けて参戦するよう義務付けられた（攻守同盟）。
• The treaty also required that, if either party of the alliance became involved in a war with one or more countries, the other party participate in the war to help the ally (the offensive and defensive alliance).

• 哲学者や統治者のうちもっとも優しく親切なこの人物は、厳粛な義務感の下で、キリスト教の迫害を裁可したのです。
• the gentlest and most amiable of philosophers and rulers, under a solemn sense of duty, authorized the persecution of Christianity.

• 社会的関係の体系で、使用される用語と、必要とされる相互義務を含む、特定の文化において親族関係を構成するもの
• the system of social relationships that constitute kinship in a particular culture, including the terminology that is used and the reciprocal obligations that are entailed

• 吸収分割による他の会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部又は一部の承継　第七百六十条第四号に規定する場合
• succession of all or part of the rights and obligations held by another Company in connection with its business through an Absorption-type Company Split:　the cases prescribed in Article 760(iv); or

• 第二百九十九条の規定は、遺贈義務者が遺言者の死亡後に遺贈の目的物について費用を支出した場合について準用する。
• The provisions of Article 299 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where expenses have been incurred by a person with a duty of testamentary gift in respect of the object of the testamentary gift after the death of the testator.

• 破産管財人が前項の注意を怠ったときは、その破産管財人は、利害関係人に対し、連帯して損害を賠償する義務を負う。
• If a bankruptcy trustee(s) fails to have the due care set forth in the preceding paragraph, the bankruptcy trustee(s) shall be jointly and severally liable to compensate damage to any interested person.

• 前項第一号に掲げる行為が破産者の義務に属せず、又はその方法若しくは時期が破産者の義務に属しないものである場合
• Where the act set forth in item (i) of the preceding paragraph is not included in the scope of the bankrupt's obligation in terms of the act itself or the method or time of performance of the act

• 訴訟関係人は、法及びこの規則に定める義務を履行することにより、前項の審理予定の策定に協力しなければならない。
• The persons concerned in the case shall cooperate in the formation of a proceedings schedule as set forth in the preceding paragraph by performing the obligations specified by the Code and these Rules.

• 出資の払込み、経費の支払その他組合に対する義務を怠つた組合員又は第九条の十一第六項の規定に違反した特定組合員
• A member who has failed to pay his/her contribution or expenses or perform any other obligation against the cooperative, or a specified member who has violated the provisions of Article 9-11, paragraph (6)

• 監査法人の行う第二条第一項の業務については、公認会計士である社員のみが業務を執行する権利を有し、義務を負う。
• With regard to the services set forth in Article 2(1) provided by an audit corporation, only the partners who are certified public accountants have the right and obligation to execute the services.

• 合併後存続する弁護士会又は合併により設立する弁護士会は、当該合併により消滅する弁護士会の権利義務を承継する。
• The bar association surviving the merger or newly created through the merger shall succeed to all rights and obligations of the bar association which is extinguished by the merger.

• 前項の義務付けの訴えは、同項各号に規定する法令に基づく申請又は審査請求をした者に限り、提起することができる。
• A mandamus action set forth in the preceding paragraph may be filed only by a person who has filed an application or made a request for administrative review under the laws and regulations prescribed in each item of said paragraph.

• 江戸時代、幕府の宗教政策である寺請制度により、何れかの寺院を菩提寺と定めその檀家になることが義務付けられた。
• In the Edo period, contemporary bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) instituted as a part of its policy for religions the Terauke seido (the system of organizing whole temples in Japan with registration of follower families) and made it mandatory for every family to become a parishioner of any temple designated as its bodaiji (a family temple).

• 特に地方政治においては、国司へ大幅な行政権を委任する代わりに一定以上の租税進納を義務づける政治形態が進んだ。
• In regional politics, the Court delegated much administrative authority to Kokushi and in return, they bore the responsibility to pay taxes above a certain level to the government.

• これは、義務達成を難しいと考え、しかも緑被率の比較的高い国である日本、カナダが主張し、採用されたものである。
• Japan and Canada, who thought it difficult to achieve the goal of obligation and whose green coverage ratio is relatively high, insisted the adoption and eventually approved.

• また町政や公事にも参加し、町年寄を選ぶ選挙権や被選挙権を持つなど、社会的身分や公的権利・義務を持つ者である。
• They participated in local politics and public events, also held social status, as well as public rights and obligations, which entitled them voting right and eligibility for machi-doshiyori (ward head) selection.

• それから正気に帰ると、考え方に変化がみられ、より大胆になり危険を軽視し、義務を無視しはじめたことに気づいた。
• and then as in its turn the faintness subsided, I began to be aware of a change in the temper of my thoughts, a greater boldness, a contempt of danger, a solution of the bonds of obligation.

• その所有者が、当該情報に係る秘密の保護に関する義務を条件としない形態では、他の者の利用に供してこなかったもの
• have not been made available by their owner to other parties without an obligation concerning confidentiality, and

• 仮登記の登記権利者及び登記義務者が共同して仮登記を申請する場合については、第二十二条本文の規定は、適用しない。
• Where the person entitled to register and the person obliged to register regarding a provisional registration jointly file an application for a provisional registration, the provision of the main clause of Article 22 shall not apply.

• 受託者　当該給付の帳簿価額（以下この節において「給付額」という。）に相当する金銭の信託財産に対するてん補の義務
• the trustee:　the liability to compensate the trust property with monies equivalent to the book value of the distribution (hereinafter referred to as the 'distributed amount' in this Section); and

• 組織変更により組織変更後株式会社商品取引所が組織変更をする会員商品取引所から承継した重要な権利義務に関する事項
• matters concerning important rights and obligations which the Incorporated Commodity Exchange after Entity Conversion inherited from the Member Commodity Exchange implementing Entity Conversion through entity conversion;

• 吸収合併により吸収合併存続株式会社商品取引所が吸収合併消滅会員商品取引所から承継した重要な権利義務に関する事項
• matters concerning important rights and obligations which the Member Commodity Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger inherited from the Member Commodity Exchange Dissolved in an Absorption-Type Merger through an Absorption-Type Merger;

• 第四十条第一項第一号、第四十一条又は第二百五十条第二項に規定する義務その他この法律に定める義務に違反したこと。
• The bankrupt has breached his/her duties prescribed in Article 40(1)(i), Article 41 or Article 250(2) or any other duties provided in this Act.

• その一方で定額寺側にも資材帳作成と国司・講師・三綱・檀越が共同で行う検校処分を受けることを義務付けられていた。
• On the other hand, jogakuji were responsible for the creation of materials (expenses) records and for the acceptance of administrative supervisions by a consortium of the governor, arch-monk, 'sango' (three monastic positions with management roles at a temple), and danotsu.

• 領主の経済生活は、自らが保有する直営地からの収入と、支配下におく農奴からの義務的な貢納によって支えられていた。
• The economical life of the lord consisted of the revenue from the directly managed land of his possession and the obligatory tributes from the subject serfs.

• 徴兵制度の戸主は兵役義務から免除される規定を受けるため、20歳のときに分籍して戸主となり「平民」に編入された。
• Because the head of a family was exempt from conscription, he was segregated from the family register, became the head of a family and was admitted as a commoner.

• またその負担についても義務であったとする説と、臨時的な税であり賦課されない場合もあったとする説に分かれている。
• Additionally, there is a controversy regarding the burden of labor, in which one theory indicates that the burden was always mandatory and the other claims that it was a provisional tax that wasn't uniformly imposed.

• この交流は朝貢貿易の形態を取ったため、渤海からの貢物に対して、日本側では数倍の回賜でもって応える義務が生じた。
• Due to the exchanges being in the form of a tribute trade, Japan was obligated to send return gifts of several times more value after receiving tributes from Bokkai.

• このような諫言は場合によっては、藩主の怒りを買い手討ちにされる危険な行為であったが、家臣としての義務であった。
• Such an admonition was a risky action that sometimes makes the lord angry and that the retainers who admonished might be slain by the lord himself, but to admonish was a duty for vassals to observe.

• 近世においては小荷駄の徴発に応じる事は領民の義務として位置づけられ、個々の村々に対して石高に応じて徴発された。
• In modern times, accepting konida's impressment was considered the obligation of the people of the domain, and impressment was conducted according to kokudaka (yield) in each village.

• 安全日だからといって、サルのように生ではしません。 しっかり避妊するのが愛のセックスの義務ではないでしょうか？
• Just because it's a 'safe day' I'm not going to make out like monkeys without protection. Isn't it the duty of loving sex to take proper care of contraception?

• 契約その他に基づく引渡しの義務が生じた時の直前において証券若しくは証書又は当該権利を証する書面が国内にあるもの
• The securities or rights for which certificates, instruments, or documents proving the said rights had been located in Japan immediately prior to the time when the transfer became obligatory based on a contract or other terms
• The securities or rights for which certificates, instruments, or documents proving the said rights had been located in Japan immediately prior to the time when the transfer became obligatory based on a contract or other terms;

• 彼は旧来の尊厳を守るためこれら二つの社会的義務を果たしたが、市民生活の統制を取る慣習にそれ以上譲歩しなかった。
• He performed these two social duties for old dignity's sake but conceded nothing further to the conventions which regulate the civic life.

• 第一項本文に規定する場合において、同項第一号の義務を負う他の受託者があるときは、これらの者は、連帯債務者とする。
• In the case prescribed in the main clause of paragraph (1), when there is another trustee who also has the liability set forth in item (i) of said paragraph in addition to the trustee set forth therein, these trustees shall be joint and several obligors.

• 前項の規定は、子に対する扶養義務の準拠法に関する条約（昭和五十二年条約第八号）が適用される場合には、適用しない。
• The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to cases where the Convention on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations Towards Children (Treaty No. 8 of 1977) applies.

• 前項の規定は、法律上の別居をした夫婦間及び婚姻が無効とされ、又は取り消された当事者間の扶養義務について準用する。
• The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to the obligation of support between a husband and wife who are legally separated or between the parties to a marriage which has been declared void or annulled.

• また贄を納める義務を負ったものを贄人と呼んだが、贄を納めることで調などが一律に免除されたかどうかは断定できない。
• Also, it was called niebito who were obligated to pay offerings, but it was indecisive whether the cho was exempted indiscriminately or not by paying offerings.

• その場合であっても、公家を地頭とする一般の本所領とは区別して武家の地頭と同様にこの法令の規定に従う義務を有する。
• When this happened, in contrast to other common territories where the honjo was a Kuge acting as the lord of a manor, the Kuge was obliged to follow the provisions of the law in the same manner as a samurai family playing the role of Jito.

• ただし、牧野英一ら保守的な法学者の巻き返しもあり、「家族の扶養義務」などの形でその一部は存置されることとなった。
• However, taking in opinions from conservative jurists including Eiichi MAKINO, a part of Ie seido was preserved such as 'obligation of support family member'.

• 保護の実施機関は、被保護者が前二項の規定による義務に違反したときは、保護の変更、停止又は廃止をすることができる。
• When a public assistance recipient has violated any obligation under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, a public assistance administrator may change, suspend or discontinue the public assistance.

• しかし彼が子を生み、その子が荒い者で、人の血を流し、これらの義務の一つをも行わず、 (エゼキエル書 18:10)
• If he fathers a son who is a robber, a shedder of blood, and who does any one of these things, (Ezekiel 18:10)

• ゲニミードは、女の人を「弱き器のごとく［＃注４］」はげまし慰めるのは男の義務だと考え、もう一度頑張ることにした。
• and then again Ganymede tried to recollect that it was a man's duty to comfort and console a woman, as the weaker vessel;

• この協定に基づき接受機構が提供する支援の義務、及びそれに対してイーター機構が支払う義務は、毎年の見積りに基づく。
• The obligation of the Host Organization to provide, and of the ITER Organization to pay for, the support under the Agreement shall be based on the Estimates for each year.

• 権利に関する登記の申請は、法令に別段の定めがある場合を除き、登記権利者及び登記義務者が共同してしなければならない。
• Unless otherwise provided for in laws and regulations, an application for a registration of a right shall be filed jointly by a person entitled to register and a person obliged to register.

• 公的機関が扶養権利者に対して行つた給付について扶養義務者からその費用の償還を受ける権利は、その機関が従う法による。
• The right of a public body to obtain reimbursement from the support obligor of its expenses for benefits it provided to the support obligee shall be governed by the law to which the body is subject.

• 前四項の規定による賠償については、共同鉱業権者又は共同租鉱権者（租鉱権を共有する者をいう。）の義務は、連帯とする。
• As for the compensation prescribed in the provisions of paragraphs (1) to (4), the obligation of joint holders of mining right or joint holders of mining lease right (those who share a mining lease right) shall be joint and several.

• 合併後存続する弁護士法人又は合併により設立する弁護士法人は、当該合併により消滅する弁護士法人の権利義務を承継する。
• The Legal Professional Corporation surviving the merger or newly created through the merger shall succeed to all rights and obligations of the Legal Professional Corporation which is dissolved by the merger.

• 明治15年（1882年）には、自家製酒を造る者は製造免許鑑札を申請し、鑑札料金80銭を納めることが義務づけられた。
• In 1882, anyone who made home-brewed liquors was required to apply for a license for sake brewing and pay 80 sen (one sen is 1/100 of one yen) as a license fee.

• 軍票に対する日本政府の支払い義務は、連合国がサンフランシスコ講和条約で請求権を放棄したため、消滅したとされている。
• It is considered that Japanese government was released from obligation to pay for its military currency since the Allies exempted Japan from the payment when Japan signed the San Francisco Peace Treaty.

• 鎌倉府の管轄国内の武士でありながら、鎌倉府に出仕する義務はなく、鎌倉公方の指揮も受けず、直接将軍の指揮下に入った。
• Although they were samurai warriors from a province under the jurisdiction of the Kamakura Bakufu, they were not obliged to go and serve the Kamakura-fu and were put under the direct direction/control of the shogun, and were not directed by the Kamakura Kubo.

• 労働者及び使用者は、労働契約を遵守するとともに、信義に従い誠実に、権利を行使し、及び義務を履行しなければならない。
• A worker and an employer shall comply with the labor contract and shall exercise their rights and perform their obligations in good faith.

• 吸収分割　株式会社又は合同会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部又は一部を分割後他の会社に承継させることをいう。
• 'Absorption-type Company Split'　means any Company split whereby succeeding Company(s) succeeds after the Company Split, in whole or in part, to any rights and obligations, in whole or in part, in connection with the business of the Stock Company(s) or the Limited Liability Company(s) which is split;

• 吸収分割（当該持分会社（合同会社に限る。）がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部を他の会社に承継させる場合に限る。）
• Absorption-type Company Split (limited to cases where another Company succeeds to all of the rights and obligations held by such Membership Company (limited to a Limited Liability Company) in connection with its business).

• 新設分割（当該持分会社（合同会社に限る。）がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部を他の会社に承継させる場合に限る。）
• Incorporation-type Company Split (limited to cases where another Company succeeds to all of the rights and obligations held by such Membership Company (limited to a Limited Liability Company) in connection with its business).

• 前項第一号に掲げる行為が再生債務者の義務に属せず、又はその方法若しくは時期が再生債務者の義務に属しないものである場合
• Where the act set forth in item (i) of the preceding paragraph is not included in the scope of the rehabilitation debtor's obligation in terms of the act itself or the method or time of performance of the act

• 悪意の占有者は、果実を返還し、かつ、既に消費し、過失によって損傷し、又は収取を怠った果実の代価を償還する義務を負う。
• A possessor in bad faith shall be obligated to return fruits, and reimburse the price of fruits that he/she has already consumed, has damaged due to negligence or has failed to collect.

• 第二十四条から前条までに規定するもののほか、親族関係及びこれによって生ずる権利義務は、当事者の本国法によって定める。
• Family relationships or rights and obligations arising therefrom other than those provided for in Article 24 to Article 32 shall be governed by the national law of the party concerned.

• 省令には、法律の委任がなければ、罰則を設け、又は義務を課し、若しくは国民の権利を制限する規定を設けることができない。
• Without delegation by an Act, no penal provisions or any provisions that impose obligations on or restrict the rights of citizens may be established in a Ministerial Ordinance.

• 保障契約は、次に掲げる損害のいずれをもてん補する保険契約又はその賠償の義務の履行及び費用の支払を担保する契約とする。
• A Contract on Insurance or Other Financial Security shall be an insurance contract to cover any of the following damage or a contract to secure the performance of its obligations for damages and payment of costs:

• 出版権者が第八十一条第一号の義務に違反したときは、複製権者は、出版権者に通知してその出版権を消滅させることができる。
• When the holder of the right of publication is in breach of his obligation under Article 81, item (i), the holder of the right of reproduction may terminate said right of publication by notice to the holder thereof.

• 海難審判所から証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人として召喚を受け、正当の理由がないのに出頭せず、又はその義務を尽さない者
• A person who fails to appear at a tribunal or perform duties with no justifiable grounds after he/she has been summoned as a witness, appraiser, interpreter or translator by the Japan Marine Accident Tribunal;

• 天正14年10月、豊臣秀吉の代官中坊源五は、旧来奈良で使われていた升の使用を一切禁止し、新たな升の使用を義務づけた。
• In November 1586, Gengo NAKABO, a local governor dispatched by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, prohibited the use of the masu that had been common until then in Nara, and enforced the use of a new masu.

• もっとも寛容な国でさえ、ほとんどすべての宗教的人間の心のうちでは、寛容の義務は暗黙の留保つきで認容されているのです。
• In the minds of almost all religious persons, even in the most tolerant countries, the duty of toleration is admitted with tacit reserves.

• そしてインド人の集団が、空気が肌寒い季節になっているのに、彼らの宗教で義務づけられている沐浴をまじめに実行していた。
• and groups of Indians, despite the advanced season and chilly air, were performing solemnly their pious ablutions.

• 加盟者は、イーター機構に加盟していることによって、イーター機構の作為、不作為又は義務について責任を負うものではない。
• Membership in the ITER Organization shall not result in liability for Members for acts, omissions, or obligations of the ITER Organization.

• 各加盟者は、独立した運営評価人の地位への候補者を特定し、評価人の義務の遂行において評価人を補佐する候補者を特定する。
• Each Member shall identify candidates[6] for the Independent Management Assessor position and/or candidates2 to assist the Assessor in the performance of his/her duties;

• 受託者　その欠損額（当該欠損額が給付額を超える場合にあっては、当該給付額）に相当する金銭の信託財産に対するてん補の義務
• the trustee:　the liability to compensate the trust property with monies equivalent to the deficit (or the amount delivered if the deficit exceeds the distributed amount); and

• 共有者が一年以内に前項の義務を履行しないときは、他の共有者は、相当の償金を支払ってその者の持分を取得することができる。
• If a co-owner does not perform the obligations under the preceding paragraph within one year, other co-owners may acquire the share of such person by paying reasonable compensation.

• 連帯債務者の一人のために時効が完成したときは、その連帯債務者の負担部分については、他の連帯債務者も、その義務を免れる。
• If the prescription is completed with respect to one joint and several obligor, the other joint and several obligors also shall be relieved of liability to the extent of the portion of the obligation which is borne by such joint and several obligor.

• 扶養の程度は、適用すべき外国法に別段の定めがある場合においても、扶養権利者の需要及び扶養義務者の資力を考慮して定める。
• Even where the applicable foreign law provides otherwise, the amount of support shall be determined by taking into consideration the needs of the support obligee and the financial resources of the support obligor.

• 前項の再商品化義務量は、特定分別基準適合物ごとに、第一号に掲げる量に第二号に掲げる率を乗じて得た量に相当する量とする。
• The obligatory recycling amount set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be the amount corresponding to the amount obtained by multiplying the amount listed in item 1 by the rate listed in item 2 with respect to each kind of waste containers and packaging that conform to the specified sorting standards.

• 法第十三条第三項の規定による住居及び行動範囲の制限、呼出しに対する出頭の義務その他の条件は、次の各号によるものとする。
• Restrictions on residence and area of movement, the obligation to obey a summons and other conditions pursuant to the provisions of Article 13, paragraph (3) of the Immigration Control Act shall be pursuant to the following items:

• 契約書案その他の事業活動において当該事業者の権利義務についての法的な検討の結果に基づいて作成することを要する書面の作成
• To produce drafts of contracts or other documents found to require preparation based on the results of a legal analysis concerning the rights and obligations of the business operator in its business activities;

• 日本の義務教育では、国語科の書写として小学3年生以上の授業では毛筆により指導されることが学習指導要領で定められている。
• Compulsory education in Japan defined by the Education Ministry guidelines is to instruct Shodo by brush in lessons for the third grade or more of elementary school as Shosha (copy of calligraphy) of the Japanese language subject.

• 一般的に障害競技では乗蘭にヘルメットスポーツ用ヘルメット、馬場馬術競技では乗蘭、あるいは燕尾服に帽子が義務付けられる。
• Generally, the jumping rider is required to wear an evening dress (including hacking jacket and tweed jacket in the equestrianism world) and a hard hat; the dressage rider is required to wear an evening dress or a tailcoat and a top hat.

• つまり、問屋は自己の名義で取引を行い取引の相手方に対する権利義務の主体となるが、その取引による損益は委託者に帰属する。
• In other words, although, Toiya make deals under their own name and become the ones that assume rights and obligations to the parties that Toiya are making deals with, the profits and losses from the deals are restored to the consignor.

• 郎党は、武士と同身分であるとは言い切れないものの、在地武士と同様に騎乗する権利を持ち、戦闘に参加する義務を負っていた。
• Roto could not be declared as having equal status to samurai but had the right to ride a horse like local samurai and the obligation to participate in battles.

• 削減義務を負う国・地域（附属書I国）の、1990年から 2005年にかけての温室効果ガス排出量の増減割合を下表に示す。
• The increase-decrease rates of emissions of greenhouse gases from 1990 to 2005 in the countries and regions (Annex I Parties) being obliged to achieve the reduction goals are shown below.

• ウジはたんに自然発生的に形成された血縁的集団ではなく、大王に臣従を誓い、奉仕することを義務づけられた血縁的集団である。
• The uji were not just a group of blood relatives who were formed by a natural occurrence, but were a group of blood relatives who swore vassalage to and were obliged to serve the great king.

• 第二次世界大戦後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指令により労働法規が整備されたことや、義務教育の年限が9年に延長された。
• After the Second World War, labor laws were drafted and the period of compulsory education was extended to nine years under the order from the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers.

• この規則は、イーター国際核融合エネルギー機構（以下、「イーター機構」という。）の職員の地位、権利、義務、責任を定める。
• These Regulations define the status, rights and duties and responsibilities of the members of staff of the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization, hereinafter referred to as ‘the ITER Organization’.

• すべて国民は、法律の定めるところにより、その保護する子女に普通教育を受けさせる義務を負ふ。義務教育は、これを無償とする。
• All people shall be obligated to have all boys and girls under their protection receive ordinary education as provided for by law. Such compulsory education shall be free.

• 公務員がその職権を濫用して、人に義務のないことを行わせ、又は権利の行使を妨害したときは、二年以下の懲役又は禁錮に処する。
• When a public officer abuses his or her authority and causes another to perform an act which the person has no obligation to perform, or hinders another from exercising such person's right, imprisonment with work or imprisonment without work for not more than 2 years shall be imposed.

• 法第五十二条第六項の規定による住居及び行動範囲の制限、呼出しに対する出頭の義務その他の条件は、次の各号によるものとする。
• Restrictions on residence and area of movement, the obligation to appear when given a summons, and other conditions pursuant to the provisions of Article 52, paragraph (6) of the Immigration Control Act shall be pursuant to the following items:

• 合併後存続する特許業務法人又は合併により設立する特許業務法人は、当該合併により消滅する特許業務法人の権利義務を承継する。
• The patent professional corporation which survives the merger or the patent professional corporation established by the merger shall succeed the rights and obligations of the patent professional corporation(s) extinguished by the merger.

• 五色の賎の1つである陵戸と似た法的身分であるが、雑戸には公民と同様に義倉負担の義務を有するところが陵戸とは異なっている。
• Zakko and ryoko (imperial tomb guard) which was one of Goshiki no sen (the base people of five colors) were similar in terms of legal status, but are different in that zakko, as with citizens, were obliged to be involved in giso (to stockpile grain in case of famine).

• 私はムスリムではないので断食を守る義務はないのだが、同じアパートで暮らす以上、そうした慣習に配慮することは大事なことだ。
• I'm not a Muslim and so I have no obligation to observe the fast but as long as I'm living in the same apartment having consideration for such a custom is important.

• しかし、その著作を読んでみると、最初のうちは義務感から集中していたのに、すぐに喜んでそうしていることに気がつくはずです。
• But, in reading his work it must be confessed that the attention which might at first be dutifully, soon becomes willingly,

• また、もっとも優れた異教の民族の道徳では、国家にたいする義務は不相応なほど重要で、個人の正当な自由を侵害するほどですが、
• And while, in the morality of the best Pagan nations, duty to the State holds even a disproportionate place, infringing on the just liberty of the individual;

• 万民教育を強制する義務が一旦認められると、国家が何を教えるべきか、どのように教えるべきか、という難題は終ることでしょう。
• Were the duty of enforcing universal education once admitted, there would be an end to the difficulties about what the State should teach, and how it should teach,

• すべて國民は、法律の定めるところにより、その保護する子女に普通敎育を受けさせる義務を負ふ。義務敎育は、これを無償とする。
• All people shall be obligated to have all boys and girls under their protection receive ordinary education as provided for by law. Such compulsory education shall be free.

• すべて國民は、法律の定めるところにより、その保護する子女に普通教育を受けさせる義務を負ふ。義務教育は、これを無償とする。
• All people shall be obligated to have all boys and girls under their protection receive ordinary education as provided for by law. Such compulsory education shall be free.

• 受託者の義務の全部又は一部の減免（当該減免について、その範囲及びその意思決定の方法につき信託行為に定めがある場合を除く。）
• a reduction of trustee liability or release therefrom in whole or in part (excluding the case where the terms of trust contains provisions on the scope of such a reduction or release and the method of making decisions thereon);

• 前項の規定にかかわらず、業務執行者は、その職務を行うについて注意を怠らなかつたことを証明したときは、同項の義務を負わない。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the Executing Person shall not be liable under that paragraph when he/she has proved that he/she did not fail to exercise due care in the course of his/her duties.

• 第百九十七条第一項第二号に規定する事実又は同項第三号に規定する事項で、黙秘の義務が免除されていないものが記載されている文書
• A document stating the fact prescribed in Article 197(1)(ii) or the matter prescribed in Article 197(1)(iii), neither or which are released from the duty of secrecy

• 明治政府が徴兵制度を導入したのは、義務教育と並び、国民の生活様式や言語を標準化させて富国強兵策を遂行する目的を担っていた。
• The conscription system that was introduced by the Meiji government involved an aim, along with the compulsory education, to standardizethe lifestyle and the language of the nation to make the country rich and strong.

• 山鹿はこれに対し人間は確かに国家に属しているが武士に（封建）社会全体への義務を負わせることを選んだ存在も確かにいるとした。
• Yamaga also thought that people certainly belonged to a state, but at the same time there was an existence that chose samurais to let them have a duty to whole (feudal) society.

• 忠常は上総国、下総国、常陸国に父祖以来の広大な所領を有し、傍若無人に振る舞い、国司の命に服さず納税の義務も果たさなかった。
• Tadatsune owned a large territory in Kazusa Province, Shimousa Province and Hitachi Province, behaved outrageously and did not obey orders of the Kokushi (provincial governor) nor fulfill his obligations to pay taxes.

• 官僚としてはしっかりと経世済民（世を治め民を救う）の義務を果たし、私生活においては文人として趣味の生活を堪能するのである。
• While he steadily fulfilled duties of governing a nation and providing relief to people as a bureaucrat, he enjoyed a pastime as Bunjin in his private life.

• 自分自身への義務と呼ばれるものは、状況によって同時に他人への義務とならないかぎりは、社会的に強制されるものとはなりません。
• What are called duties to ourselves are not socially obligatory, unless circumstances render them at the same time duties to others.

• 現在の議定書の終了を宣言した締約者は、現在の議定書に基づいて入手したフランスの秘密情報を引き続き保護し保障する義務を負う。
• Party denouncing the present Protocol shall remain bound by its obligation to protect and safeguard French classified information to which it has gained access on the basis of the present Protocol.

• 商品取引員は、顧客に対し、当該書面を交付する義務を負う旨及び法第二百十七条第一項各号に掲げる事項について説明する義務を負う旨
• the fact that a Futures Commission Merchant shall be liable to deliver said documents and to explain to a customer the matters listed in the respective items of Article 217, paragraph (1) of the Act;

• 再生手続が開始された場合には、再生債務者は、債権者に対し、公平かつ誠実に、前項の権利を行使し、再生手続を追行する義務を負う。
• Where a rehabilitation proceeding is commenced, the rehabilitation debtor shall have the obligation, vis-a-vis creditors, to exercise the right set forth in the preceding paragraph and conduct rehabilitation proceedings in a fair and sincere manner.

• 永小作人の義務については、この章の規定及び設定行為で定めるもののほか、その性質に反しない限り、賃貸借に関する規定を準用する。
• In addition to the provisions of this Chapter and those provided for in the act that established the emphyteusis, provisions regarding lease shall apply mutatis mutandis to the obligations of a emphyteuta, to the extent that application is not inconsistent with the nature of the same.

• 家庭裁判所は、特別の事情があるときは、前項に規定する場合のほか、三親等内の親族間においても扶養の義務を負わせることができる。
• If special circumstances exist, the family court may also impose a duty of support between relatives within the third degree, in addition to the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph.

• 抑商政策が採られて株仲間は解散を命じられ、大名に囲米を義務づけて、旧里帰農令によって江戸へ流入した百姓を出身地に帰還させた。
• He adopted the commerce suppression policy, the dissolution of trade guilds (kabunakama) and the compulsory reservation of rice in a domain (kakoimai), and enforced a law to make peasants coming to Edo return their agricultural communities with financial support.

• 死者に対しその葬祭を行う扶養義務者がない場合において、その遺留した金品で、葬祭を行うに必要な費用を満たすことのできないとき。
• Where, in the case of the absence of a person responsible for support who intends to conduct the funeral of a deceased, it is not possible to cover the expenses necessary for conducting the funeral with the money and goods left behind by the deceased

• ローマ帝国は軍事的義務負担の増大で没落したという論拠なき主張に答えて、バルフォア氏はそれは『まったく史実に反する』と言った。
• When Mr Balfour replied to the allegations that the Roman Empire sank under the weight of its military obligations, he said that this was 'wholly unhistorical.'

• 吸収合併　会社が他の会社とする合併であって、合併により消滅する会社の権利義務の全部を合併後存続する会社に承継させるものをいう。
• 'Absorption-type Merger'　means any merger Company(s) effects with another Company(s) whereby the surviving Company succeeds to any and all rights and obligations of the absorbed Company(s);

• 第五十七条第六項において準用する会社法第九百四十六条第三項（調査の義務等）の規定に違反して、報告をせず、又は虚偽の報告をした者
• a person who, in violation of the provisions of Article 946(3) (Obligation of Inspection, etc.) of the Companies Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 57(6), has failed to make a report or has made a false report;

• 不公正な金額で投資口の払戻しを受けた者のうち悪意のものは、投資法人に対して公正な金額との差額に相当する金銭を支払う義務を負う。
• Any person who has knowingly received a refund on Investment Equity at an unfair price shall have an obligation to pay the amount of monies equivalent to the difference between the fair price and the unfair price to the Investment Corporation.

• 開示義務者が、正当な理由なく、執行裁判所の呼出しを受けた財産開示期日に出頭せず、又は当該財産開示期日において宣誓を拒んだとき。
• When a person obliged to disclose has, without justifiable grounds, failed to appear on the property disclosure date on which he/she was summoned by the execution court or refused to swear under oath on said property disclosure date

• 不特定物を遺贈の目的とした場合において、物に瑕疵があったときは、遺贈義務者は、瑕疵のない物をもってこれに代えなければならない。
• In the case where a testamentary gift has as its object unspecified Things, if those goods are defective, a person having an obligation in relation to testamentary gift shall exchange them for Things that are not defective.

• 出版権者は、その出版権の目的である著作物につき次に掲げる義務を負う。ただし、設定行為に別段の定めがある場合は、この限りでない。
• Unless otherwise provided by the act of establishment, the holder of the right of publication shall have the following obligations:

• 過去三年間に締結した興行契約に基づいて興行の在留資格をもって在留する外国人に対して支払義務を負う報酬の全額を支払っていること。
• In the past 3 years, the organization must have paid the entire amount of the remuneration that it has been obliged to pay to foreign nationals residing in Japan under the status of residence of Entertainer" based on performance contracts concluded by the organization."

• 前項の規定により併合して提起された義務付けの訴え及び同項各号に定める訴えに係る弁論及び裁判は、分離しないでしなければならない。
• Oral arguments and judicial decisions in a mandamus action and the action specified in each item of the preceding paragraph, which are filed and joined pursuant to the provision of said paragraph, shall not be made separately.

• 志摩国の国司と内膳司が兼任していたことは、志摩国が御贄を貢ぐことを義務付けられていた「御食国」だったことを示しているといえる。
• Kokushi doubled as Naizenshi in Shima Province, and it indicated that Shima Province was 'Miketsukuni' obligated to supply offerings.

• そのため、平安時代初期に再度の改革が行われ、806年には10歳以上の諸王と五位以上の官人の子孫の就学を義務付ける勅が出された。
• Therefore, another reform was implemented in the early Heian period, and an imperial decree was issued in 806, whereby Shoo (princes who didn't receive any proclamation to be an Imperial Prince) aged over 10 and the children or grandchildren of government officials of Goi (Fifth Rank) and above were required to attend Daigaku-ryo.

• 帝国議会は法律の協賛（同意）権を持ち、臣民の権利・義務など法律の留保が付された事項は帝国議会の同意がなければ改変できなかった。
• The Imperial Diet had only the right to approve establishment and amendment of laws, so articles related to the rights and duties of the subjects could not be amended without the consent of the Imperial Diet.

• しかしながら、反面、各藩の借金および士族への俸禄の支払い義務を受け継ぐことになり、家禄支給は歳出の30%以上となってしまった。
• However, the government had to take over the obligation of paying the debt of each domain and the salary of persons in the warrior class so that the amount of the salary payment reached more than 30% of the annual government expenditure.

• また、地主を納税義務者とすることは、彼らに参政権を付与することを意味し、地主階級に対して一定の政治的な力を与えることになった。
• Making landowners pay tax meant giving them suffrage rights; accordingly, the landowning class was given a certain political power.

• 大名の妻子は江戸への在住を義務づけられ、家老クラスの重臣については、彼らの身内から交替で証人（人質）を提出させて江戸においた。
• Wives and children of feudal lords were required to live in Edo and senior vassals such as Karo (chief retainer) put pawns (hostages) in Edo from their family members in turn.

• その後、幕府は1865年（慶応元年）に「生糸并蚕種紙改印」制度が出されて、蚕紙・生糸の生産者に冥加金を納めさせる義務を定めた。
• Subsequently in 1865 the Edo bakufu established the system for changing a seal on raw silk thread and silkworm-egg card, and it placed producers of silkworm-egg card and raw silk thread under an obligation to pay myogakin (money to dedicate).

• いかなる権利も責任を伴う。いかなるチャンスも義務を伴う。いかなる所有も納税の義務を伴う。−ジョン・D・ロックフェラー・ジュニア
• every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty- John D.Rockefeller Jr

• 新設合併　二以上の会社がする合併であって、合併により消滅する会社の権利義務の全部を合併により設立する会社に承継させるものをいう。
• 'Consolidation-type Merger'　means any merger effected by two or more Companies whereby the new Company incorporated by the merger succeeds to any and all rights and obligations of the companies consolidated by the merger;

• 公安調査官がその職権を濫用し、人をして義務のないことを行わせ、又は行うべき権利を妨害したときは、三年以下の懲役又は禁こに処する。
• Where a Public Security Intelligence Officer abuses his/her powers by forcing another person to do anything which such person is not obliged to do or by interfering with the right of such person to perform any rightful action, such official shall be punished by imprisonment with or without work for a term not exceeding three years.

• 令第六条の二第四項の規定による経済産業大臣の許可を受けようとする同条第三項の規定により支払等について許可を受ける義務を課された者
• a person who has been obliged to obtain permission for payment, etc. pursuant to the provision of Article 6-2, paragraph (3) of the Order and who intends to obtain permission from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry pursuant to the provision of paragraph (4) of the same Article.

• 酒は、瓶に詰めて出荷された時点で課税対象になるので、その前段階すなわち桶売り・桶買いの時点では取引に関わる納税の義務が生じない。
• Since sake was taxed at the time of bottling and shipment, there was no obligation of tax payment for the trade at the former stage, that is, at the time of okeuri and okegai.

• 戦局悪化に伴い空襲時の防空用に女性の着用が義務付けられ、半ば強制された（その前の時期から男性には国民服が制定、配給されていた）。
• With the deterioration of the war, women were obliged and nearly forced to wear them to defend themselves from air raids (Men were already issued the designated 'kokuminfuku' (national uniform) before that).

• 公式令（百官宿直条）によれば、大納言以上及び八省卿を除く全ての官人に対して、その所属する官司に対して交代で宿直する義務を負った。
• According to Kushiki-ryo (law on state documentary forms in the Yoro Code) (Hyakkan-tonoi no jo (百官宿直条, the article of Tonoi for all the officials)) all the Kanshi (government officials) except Dainagon (chief councilor of state) or higher officials and ministers of Hassho (eight ministries and agencies) were supposed to assume the obligation of Tonoi in alternate shifts for the section to which they belonged.

• 賎民にはこれらの義務がなく、また良民だからと言って権利があるわけでもなく、不自由な良民よりも、自由な賎民を選択する者が続出した。
• Senmin had none of the above obligations, but the Ryomin had no rights, and consequently those who chose to be free Senmin instead of inconvenient Ryomin appeared one after another.

• 幕府の各大名の支配方法として、参勤交代と御手伝いの義務のほか、将軍の娘をもらったり息子を養嗣子としたり、お金を貸し与えたりした。
• The shogunate government controlled feudal lords (daimyo) by various means, such as the alternate-year residence system in Edo (sankinkotai) and compulsory service in construction work, but in another occasion through the marriage with a daughter of the shogun or adoption of a son of the shogun and loaning.

• 女性が本職巫女として奉仕できる年数は短く、義務教育修了後（現実的には高等学校卒業）から勤務し、20代後半で定年を迎える例が多い。
• Women who obtain the jobs do not serve as professional miko for a long time, because most of them retire in their late twenties, having started to work upon the end of compulsory schooling (or more practically, after graduating from high school).

• 機長がその職権を濫用して、航空機内にある者に対し義務のない事を行わせ、又は行うべき権利を妨害したときは、二年以下の懲役に処する。
• The pilot in command shall, when he/she has, by abusing his/her authority, compelled any other person on board an aircraft to do anything beyond the scope of such person's duties or obstructed any other person from exercising the person's rights, be liable to prison sentence of up to two years.

• 法律上の義務または金融債務に関係する、法律上の義務または金融債務を構成する、あるいは、法律上の義務または金融債務を作る資格がある
• relating or constituting or qualified to create a legal or financial obligation

• 登記義務者　権利に関する登記をすることにより、登記上、直接に不利益を受ける登記名義人をいい、間接に不利益を受ける登記名義人を除く。
• person obliged to register:　a registered right holder who is to suffer any detriment directly in terms of registration by making a registration of a right, excluding a registered right holder who is to suffer any detriment indirectly;

• 会計監査人が欠けた場合には、辞任により退任した会計監査人は、新会計監査人が選任されるまで、なお会計監査人としての権利義務を有する。
• Where there is a vacancy in the position of accounting auditor, an accounting auditor who has left office due to resignation shall continue to hold the rights and duties of an accounting auditor until a new accounting auditor is appointed.

• 前項の規定にかかわらず、同項各号に掲げる者は、その職務を行うについて注意を怠らなかつたことを証明したときは、同項の義務を負わない。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the person listed in the items of that paragraph shall not be liable under that paragraph when the relevant person has proved that he/she did not fail to exercise due care in the course of his/her duties.

• 承役地の所有者は、いつでも、地役権に必要な土地の部分の所有権を放棄して地役権者に移転し、これにより前条の義務を免れることができる。
• An owner of servient land may be exempted from obligations of the preceding Article at any time by abandoning the ownership in the portion of the land necessary for the servitude and transferring the same to the person entitled to a servitude.

• 前項に規定する場合において、主たる債務者は、供託をし、担保を供し、又は保証人に免責を得させて、その償還の義務を免れることができる。
• In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the principal obligor may be relieved of liability for reimbursement by making a deposit with an official depository, by providing security, or by procuring the discharge of the liabilities of the guarantor.

• 受贈者及び受遺者は、減殺を受けるべき限度において、贈与又は遺贈の目的の価額を遺留分権利者に弁償して返還の義務を免れることができる。
• A beneficiary or donee may avoid a duty to refund by compensating a claimant to statutory reserved portion the value of the object of the gift or testamentary gift, to the extent subject to abatement.

• 第四十九条の二第二項において準用する会社法第九百四十六条第三項（調査の義務等）の規定に違反して、報告をせず、又は虚偽の報告をした者
• A person who has, in violation of the provisions of Article 946, paragraph (3) (Obligation, etc. of Investigation) of the Companies Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 49-2, paragraph (2), failed to make a report or has made a false report;
• A person who has, in violation of the provisions of Article 946(3) (Obligation, etc. of Investigation) of the Companies Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 49-2(2), failed to make a report or has made a false report; or

• この法律は、夫婦、親子その他の親族関係から生ずる扶養の義務（以下「扶養義務」という。）の準拠法に関し必要な事項を定めるものとする。
• This Act shall provide the necessary matters concerning the law applicable to the obligation of support arising from the relationship between a husband and wife, parents and their child(ren), and other family relationships (hereinafter referred to as 'obligation of support').

• 前項の規定により適用すべき法によれば扶養権利者が扶養義務者から扶養を受けることができないときは、扶養義務は、日本法によつて定める。
• If the support obligee is unable, under the law applicable pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, to obtain support from the support obligor, the obligation of support shall be governed by Japanese law.

• 第二十一条第一項又は第二項の規定により許可を受ける義務が課された第二十条に規定する資本取引に係る支払等　当該許可を受けていること。
• Payment, etc. pertaining to capital transactions prescribed in Article 20, for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 or 2 of Article 21:　Obtainment of the permission

• 監査法人の行う業務であつて第三十四条の五各号に掲げるものについては、監査法人のすべての社員が業務を執行する権利を有し、義務を負う。
• With regard to the services provided by an audit corporation that are listed in the items of Article 34-5, all partners of the audit corporation shall have the right and obligation to execute the services.

• この法律において「義務付けの訴え」とは、次に掲げる場合において、行政庁がその処分又は裁決をすべき旨を命ずることを求める訴訟をいう。
• The term 'mandamus action' as used in this Act means an action seeking an order to the effect that an administrative agency should make an original administrative disposition or an administrative disposition on appeal in the following cases:

• 第三十六条　私人ニ於テ此ノ法律若ハ此ノ法律ニ基キテ発スル命令ニ依ル義務ヲ怠ルトキハ国土交通大臣若ハ都道府県知事ハ一定ノ期限ヲ示シ。
• The Article 36: If a private party may fail to fulfill a duty to abide by this law or a duty of an order established by this law, Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism or prefectural governors shall give the obligated party a designated time period to fulfill the duty in an advance notice (or warning).

• 法令によって速度記録計の設置が義務付けられている営業区域では、円盤状の紙に速度・時間・距離が記録されるタコグラフが装着されている。
• In a business district where the law obliges installation of a speed recorder on a taxi, a tachograph that records speed, time, and distance on a disk-shape paper is installed on taxis.

• 新番衆の役高は250石（俵）であり、書院番衆・小姓番衆より50石（俵）少ないが、軍役上、馬を常時用意する義務がないのが特徴である。
• The earnings of the average shinban retainer was 250-koku yield, lower by 50 koku compared to those in shoinban and koshoban but is distinguished for not being obliged to keep horses at all times.

• 自動車事故の大多数は、労働に起因する義務的な活動中に被害にあうか、さもなくば活動中の人によって被害にあわされるかのどちらかである。
• The vast majority of victims of the automobile are either doing one of these work-obligatory activities or else fall afoul of those who do them.

• すると二日目のこと、私は彼女のした約束が厳格に守られていないで、彼女は彼女の夫と彼女の義務を裏切っていると云う証拠を握ったのです。
• On the third day however, I had ample evidence that her solemn promise was not enough to hold her back from this secret influence which drew her away from her husband and her duty.

• 受益証券発行信託においては、第二十九条第二項ただし書の規定にかかわらず、信託行為の定めにより同項本文の義務を軽減することはできない。
• In the case of a trust with certificates of beneficial interest, notwithstanding the provisions of the proviso to Article 29, paragraph (2), no provision of the terms of trust may mitigate the duty set forth in the main clause of said paragraph.

• 相続人は、相続開始の時から、被相続人の財産に属した一切の権利義務を承継する。ただし、被相続人の一身に専属したものは、この限りでない。
• From the time of commencement of inheritance, an heir shall succeed blanket rights and duties attached to the property of the decedent; provided that this shall not apply to rights or duties of the decedent that are purely personal.

• 令第十六条第二項の規定による経済産業大臣の許可を受けようとする同条第一項の規定により特定資本取引について許可を受ける義務を課された者
• a person who has been obliged to obtain permission for conducting the specified capital transactions pursuant to the provision of Article 16, paragraph (1) of the Order and who intends to obtain permission from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of the same Article;

• 令第十八条の三第二項の規定による経済産業大臣の許可を受けようとする同条第一項の規定により役務取引について許可を受ける義務を課された者
• a person who has been obliged to obtain permission for conducting service transactions pursuant to the provision of Article 18-3, paragraph (1) of the Order and who intends to obtain permission from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of the same Article;

• 第一項の義務付けの訴えは、行政庁が一定の処分をすべき旨を命ずることを求めるにつき法律上の利益を有する者に限り、提起することができる。
• A mandamus action set forth in paragraph (1) may be filed only by a person who has legal interest to seek an order to the effect that an administrative agency should make a certain original administrative disposition.

• 第三条第六項第二号に掲げる場合において、義務付けの訴えは、次の各号に掲げる要件のいずれかに該当するときに限り、提起することができる。
• In the case set forth in Article 3, paragraph (6), item (ii), a mandamus action may be filed only when any of the requirements listed in the following items is satisfied:

• 地侍層は、戦国大名や国人領主から加地子（地代＝中間得分）の徴収権を保証される代わりに、家臣となり、戦時には軍役を果たす義務を負った。
• Ji-zamurai undertook obligations of serving as a part of military at the time of war in return for the privilege to collect Kajishi (intermediate taxes) guaranteed by Sengoku Daimyo and Kokujin Ryoshu.

• 荘官は荘園領主へ年貢・公事を貢納する義務を負っていたが、給田については年貢・公事がすべて免除され、免除分が給田権利者の収入となった。
• The shokan was responsible for collecting the nengu and kuji (public duties) for the shoen landholder, but the kyuden were exempt from all nengu and kuji, and the exempt portion was the income of the kyuden right holder.

• 寛永19年（1642年）には譜代大名にも参勤交代が義務付けられ、原則として幕府の役職者を除く全ての大名が参勤交代を行うようになった。
• In 1642, fudai daimyo (hereditary vassals to the Tokugawa family) were required to live in Edo and their own feudal domains each for one year, which meant that all daimyo excluding the cabinet officials of the Shogunate were subject to sankin-kotai, in principle.

• 法第二百十二条第一項（非居住者又は法人の所得に係る源泉徴収義務）に規定する政令で定める国内源泉所得は、次に掲げる国内源泉所得とする。
• The domestic source income specified by a Cabinet Order prescribed in Article 212(1) (Domestic Source Income of Nonresidents or Corporations Exempt from Withholding at Source) of the Act shall be any of the following domestic income:

• 前項ただし書の規定にかかわらず、同項第一号に掲げる財産について第十四条の信託の登記又は登録をする義務は、これを免除することができない。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph, a trustee shall not be exempted from the duty for trust registration set forth in Article 14 for the property set forth in item (i) of said paragraph.

• 前項本文の場合においては、建物の賃貸借関係に基づき生じた債権又は債務は、同項の規定により建物の賃借人の権利義務を承継した者に帰属する。
• In the case set forth in the main clause of the preceding paragraph, claims or obligations arising out of the building lease relationship shall belong to the person who has succeeded to the rights and obligations of the building lessee pursuant to the provisions of the same paragraph.

• 民法第七百六十六条（同法第七百四十九条、第七百七十一条及び第七百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による子の監護に関する義務
• The duty concerning the custody of a child under the provision of Article 766 of the Civil Code (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 749, Article 771 and Article 788 of said Code)
• The duty concerning custody of a child under the provisions of Article 766 of the Civil Code (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 749, Article 771 and Article 788 of the Civil Code)

• 申立人は、財産開示期日に出頭し、債務者の財産の状況を明らかにするため、執行裁判所の許可を得て開示義務者に対し質問を発することができる。
• A petitioner may appear on the property disclosure and, in order to clarify the status of the property of the obligor, ask questions to the person obliged to disclose, by obtaining the permission of the execution court.

• 設立会社は、新設分割をした電子債権記録機関の承継の対象となる業務に関し、行政官庁の認可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利義務を承継する。
• The Formed Company shall succeed to the rights and obligations arising out of the administrative authority's approval and other dispositions regarding the business that constitute the subject matter of succession from the Electronic Monetary Claim Recording Institution that conducted the Incorporation-type Company Split.

• 承継会社は、吸収分割をした電子債権記録機関の承継の対象となる業務に関し、行政官庁の認可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利義務を承継する。
• The Succeeding Company shall succeed to the rights and obligations arising out of the administrative authority's approval and other dispositions regarding the business activities that constitute the subject matter of succession from the Electronic Monetary Claim Recording Institution that conducted the Absorption-type Company Split.

• 譲受会社は、事業譲渡をした電子債権記録機関の譲渡の対象となる業務に関し、行政官庁の認可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利義務を承継する。
• The Assignee Company shall succeed to the rights and obligations arising out of the administrative authority's approval and other dispositions regarding the business activities that constitute the subject matter of the assignment of the Electronic Monetary Claim Recording Institution that made the Business Assignment.

• 近代に入り、明治政府が徴兵令を制定し、国民皆兵が義務付けられ、徴兵検査を受けることが成人男子の証として社会的に認知されるようになった。
• In the modern age, since the Meiji government instituted a conscription ordinance and made a universal conscription compulsory; it became widely acknowledged in the society as proof of reaching manhood to undergo an examination for conscription.

• 公式令 (律令法)には官司は15日ごとに作成・伝達された公文書及び草案をまとめて保管するとともにその所蔵目録作成が義務付けられていた。
• According to the official ritsuryo code, government officials were obliged to keep official documents and drafts and prepare corresponding mokuroku every 15 days.

• 江戸時代の軍役令によると、大名は幕府の命に応じて表高1万石あたり概ね2百人程度の軍勢（非戦闘員を含む）を動員する義務を課せられていた。
• The order of military service issued by bakufu in the Edo period enforced daimyo to mobilize about 200 people (including noncombatants) for every 10,000 koku of omote-daka (kokudaka officially recognized by the Edo bakufu).

• こうした条件のもとでは、なんとか義務を果すまいと努める人たちに、社会がなんとしても義務を果させようと強制することは正当化されるのです。
• These conditions society is justified in enforcing at all costs to those who endeavour to withhold fulfilment.

• フィックスも、他のみんなのようにフィリアス・フォッグを誤解していて、そして職務上の義務に従ってフォッグ氏を尾行し、逮捕しただけなんだ。
• Fix, like all the world, had been mistaken in Phileas Fogg, and had only done his duty in tracking and arresting him;

• 『法律義務』の文脈定義は、『Xには、Xが法廷で守られる契約関係によってYをすることを要求されるY手段をする法律義務がある』かもしれない
• a contextual definition of `legal duty' might be `X has a legal duty to do Y means that X is required to do Y by a contract relationship that would be upheld in a court of law'

• 合併後の会社は、合併により消滅した商品取引員の商品取引受託業務に関し、主務大臣の許可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利及び義務を承継する。
• A Stock Company Resulting from a Merger shall succeed to the rights and obligations which the Futures Commission Merchant dissolved by a Merger has based on any permission, license or other disposition of the competent minister concerning the Commodity Transactions Brokerage Business of said Futures Commission Merchant dissolved by a Merger.

• 当事者が相手方の使用を妨げる目的で提出の義務がある文書を滅失させ、その他これを使用することができないようにしたときも、前項と同様とする。
• The provision of the preceding paragraph shall also apply where a party, for the purpose of disrupting the opponent's use thereof, has caused the document to be lost or otherwise unusable despite his/her obligation to submit,.

• 当事者の一方がその解除権を行使したときは、各当事者は、その相手方を原状に復させる義務を負う。ただし、第三者の権利を害することはできない。
• If one of the parties exercises his/her right to cancel, each party shall assume an obligation to restore the other party to that other party's original position; provided, however, that this shall not prejudice the rights of a third party.

• 複製権者からその著作物を複製するために必要な原稿その他の原品又はこれに相当する物の引渡しを受けた日から六月以内に当該著作物を出版する義務
• the obligation to publish the work within six months of the date of receiving, from the holder of the right of reproduction, manuscripts or other originals or other equivalent items that are necessary for the reproduction of the work; and

• 令第十八条の三第二項の規定による経済産業大臣の許可を受けようとする同条第一項の規定により仲介貿易取引について許可を受ける義務を課された者
• a person who has been obliged to obtain permission for the brokerage transactions pursuant to the provision of Article 18-3, paragraph (1) of the Order and who intends to obtain permission from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of the same Article.

• 10世紀中葉から後期にかけて、ある官職に伴う権限義務を特定の家系へ請け負わせる官司請負制が中央政界でも地方政治でも著しく進展していった。
• From the middle to the end of the 10th century, the government official contract system developed in the national political arena as well as in regional politics: specific family lines were given contracts to have authority and duties associated with certain government posts.

• 徴兵令（ちょうへいれい、太政官布告無号）（明治22年法律第1号）は、1873年（明治6年）に制定され、国民の兵役義務を定めた日本の法令。
• The Conscription Ordinance (Edict of Dajokan [Grand Council of state] Non-number) (1889 Law No.1) was enacted in 1873, which stipulated the obligation of Japanese citizens to military service.

• 非宗教説は、敬神を国民の義務とし、この義務は道徳の範疇にあるので、神社・軍隊・学校・官公庁などにおける敬神は宗教ではないとする説である。
• The non-religion theory says that piety is a duty of the people and this duty is one category of morality, therefore piety towards shrines, the army, schools and public offices is not a religion.

• 前項の規定により第一項の許可に基づく権利義務を承継した者は、その承継の日から三十日以内に、その旨を国土交通大臣に届け出なければならない。
• Those who succeeded to the rights and obligations based on the permission given in paragraph (1) in accordance with the provision in the preceding paragraph shall notify the same to the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism within thirty days from the said succession.

• 割礼を受けようとするすべての人たちに、もう一度言っておく。そういう人たちは、律法の全部を行う義務がある。 (ガラテヤ人への手紙 5:3)
• Yes, I testify again to every man who receives circumcision, that he is a debtor to do the whole law. (Galatians 5:3)

• だれの宗教も豚肉を食うことを義務としてはいないのですから、この禁制は起源において宗教的であるとはいえ、宗教への迫害にはあたらないのです。
• It might be religious in its origin, but it would not be persecution for religion, since nobody's religion makes it a duty to eat pork.

• したがって、かつては、重要だと考えられるすべての場合において、価格を固定したり、製造過程を規制することは、政府の義務だとされてきました。
• accordingly, it was once held to be the duty of governments, in all cases which were considered of importance, to fix prices, and regulate the processes of manufacture.

• この協定のいかなる規定も、核兵器その他の核爆発装置の不拡散に関する他の国際協定から生じる締約者の権利及び義務に影響を及ぼすものではない。
• Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the rights and obligations of the Parties that arise from other international agreements concerning non-proliferation of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.

• 新設分割　一又は二以上の株式会社又は合同会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部又は一部を分割により設立する会社に承継させることをいう。
• 'Incorporation-type Company Split'　means any Company split whereby new Company(s) incorporated by the Company Split succeeds to any rights and obligations, in whole or in part, in connection with business of the Stock Company(s) or the Limited Liability Company(s) which is split;

• この法律において「電子記録義務者」とは、電子記録をすることにより、電子記録上、直接に不利益を受ける者をいい、間接に不利益を受ける者を除く。
• The term 'Electronically Recorded Claim Obligor' in this Act means any person in the Electronic Record who suffers direct disadvantages by making Electronic Records, and excludes any person who suffers indirect disadvantages.

• 前項の認可があったときは、第一項の規定による申出に係る権利及び義務は、民事法律扶助法の廃止の時において支援センターに承継されるものとする。
• When the approval under the preceding paragraph has been granted, the rights and obligations pertaining to the proposal under the provisions of paragraph (1) shall be transferred to the JLSC at the time of abolition of the Civil Legal Support Act.

• 弁護士又は弁護士であつた者は、その職務上知り得た秘密を保持する権利を有し、義務を負う。但し、法律に別段の定めがある場合は、この限りでない。
• Unless otherwise provided by law, an attorney or a former attorney shall have the right and bear the duty to maintain the confidentiality of any facts which he/she may have learned in the course of performing his/her duties.

• さらに、同時に幕府の介入によって摂関家当主による「合議制」による意思決定が義務付けられた事によって寧ろ逆に摂関政治は否定される事になった。
• On the other hand, due to the bakufu's intervention, the regency was in fact negated because the representatives of the regent's house at the time were required to use a 'council system' when making decisions.

• これは、水戸藩主の地位が他の大名と違って、参勤交代せずに常に江戸に留まる定府が義務付けられていたこと、将軍の補佐役としての色彩が強かった。
• Status of the lord of Mito Domain was different from other daimyo (Japanese feudal lords), and they were required to Jofu (a Daimyo feudal lord's retainer who remained permanently in the Edo with the lord's and their own family in the Edo period) in stead of Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) and they were more likely to be the assistant for shogun.

• 前各号に掲げる資産のほか、その譲渡につき契約その他に基づく引渡しの義務が生じた時の直前において国内にある資産（棚卸資産である動産を除く。）
• In addition to assets listed in the preceding items, assets that had been located in Japan immediately prior to the time when the transfer of the assets became obligatory based on a contract or other terms (excluding movables that are inventory assets)
• In addition to assets listed in the preceding items, assets that had been located in Japan immediately prior to the time when the transfer of the assets became obligatory based on a contract or other terms (excluding movables that are inventory assets).

• これを侵害することは支配者の義務違反とみなされ、支配者がこれを侵害するなら、特定の反抗や一般的な反乱を起こしても正当だと考えられたのです。
• which it was to be regarded as a breach of duty in the ruler to infringe, and which, if he did infringe, specific resistance, or general rebellion, was held to be justifiable.

• この義務は、家族関係の場合、つまり人間の幸福に直接影響する他のなによりも重要な場合なのですが、その場合にはほとんど完全に無視されています。
• This obligation is almost entirely disregarded in the case of the family relations, a case, in its direct influence on human happiness, more important than all others taken together.

• 失踪の宣告によって財産を得た者は、その取消しによって権利を失う。ただし、現に利益を受けている限度においてのみ、その財産を返還する義務を負う。
• Any person who acquired any property by the adjudication of disappearance shall lose its/his/her right upon rescission thereof; provided, however, that such person shall have the obligation to return such property only to the extent he/she is actually enriched.

• 法第六十一条の二の四第三項の規定により出頭の義務を課された者に対する出頭の要求は、別記第七十六号の五様式による呼出状によつて行うものとする。
• A request for appearance made to a foreign national under an obligation to appear pursuant to the provisions of Article 61-2-4, paragraph (3) of the Immigration Control Act shall be made by a writ of summons pursuant to Appended Form 76-5.

• 審査会により、心身の故障のため職務の執行ができないと認められたとき、又は職務上の義務違反その他委員たるに適しない行為があると認められたとき。
• In the event that the Review Board determines that a board member is unable to perform official duties due to mental and/or physical disorders, or has breach his/her official obligation in the course of duties or is guilty of such malfeasance as to render himself/herself unfitting to be a board member.

• 裁判官は、職務上の義務に違反し、若しくは職務を怠り、又は品位を辱める行状があつたときは、別に法律で定めるところにより裁判によつて懲戒される。
• If a judge has violated his/her official duties, neglected his/her jobs or degraded himself/herself, that judge shall be subjected to disciplinary action by judicial decisions as provided for by applicable law.

• 皇室典範（こうしつてんぱん）は、皇位の継承順位など皇室の制度・構成等について定める日本国憲法で間接的に設置が義務づけられた日本の法律である。
• Imperial House Act is a law of Japan, institution of which was indirectly obligated by the Constitution of Japan and which establishes the system, composition, and the like of the Imperial family, such as an order of succession of the Imperial Throne.

• 荘園領主・知行国主らは収入を確保するため、地頭に一定額の年貢納入を義務づける代わりに現地の荘園・公領の支配を任せる地頭請を行うようになった。
• Lord of the manor and chigyo-kokushu introduced Jitouke (the contract system that the manor's owner entrusts a jito (manager and lord of manor) to manage his manor and pay the customs) in order to secure income by obliging a jito to pay a fixed amount of land tax in exchange for entrusting him with the management of the local shoen and koryo.

• 公家社会に対しては文禄4年（1595年）に「御掟追加」によって家職をたしなみ、公儀に奉公することを義務付け、その代償に所領を保証・加増した。
• Towards the aristocracy, the 'On okite tsuika (additional regulations)' in 1595 ordered diligence towards their Kashoku and Kogi as mandatory in exchange for guaranteeing or increasing land.

• 1985年、京都市が市内の観光寺院へ古都保存協力税の特別徴収義務者を依頼したが清水寺は拒否、他の寺と古都税騒動と呼ばれる政治事件を起こした。
• When Kyoto City tried to designate the temples in the city where tourists frequently visit as agents responsible for paying a special tax, the so-called 'Kyoto Old Capital Preservation Cooperation Tax' in 1985, Kiyomizu-dera Temple rebuffed it and caused political trouble called the 'Koto-zei-sodo' (dispute over the old capital tax) in concert with other temples.

• 民法（明治二十九年法律第八十九号）に定める扶養義務者の扶養及び他の法律に定める扶助は、すべてこの法律による保護に優先して行われるものとする。
• Any support given by a person responsible for support prescribed by the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1954) and any assistance prescribed by any other Act shall be provided in precedence to public assistance under this Act.

• 納税義務の成立と同時に特別の手続を要しないで納付すべき税額が確定する国税で納税の告知があつたもの（当該国税に係る延滞税を含む。）に係る過納金
• An overpayment arising from the national tax (including any delinquent national tax) for which the payable amount shall be determined without any special procedure upon the establishment of the tax liability, and for which notice of tax due has been given

• 脱退は、締約者が脱退する前にこの協定の実施によって生じていた当該締約者のいかなる継続的な権利、義務及び法的状態にも影響を及ぼすものではない。
• Withdrawal shall not affect any continuing right, obligation, or legal situation of a Party created through the execution of this Agreement prior to its withdrawal.

• 当該給付を受けた受益者　欠損額（当該欠損額が現に受けた個別の給付額を超える場合にあっては、当該給付額）に相当する金銭の受託者に対する支払の義務
• the beneficiary to whom the distribution was made:　the liability to pay to the trustee monies equivalent to the deficit (or the amount of each delivery actually received if the deficit exceeds the amount delivered).

• 民事訴訟法第百九十五条及び第二百六条の規定は前各項の規定による手続について、同法第二百一条第一項及び第二項の規定は開示義務者について準用する。
• The provisions of Article 195 and Article 206 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of the preceding paragraphs, and the provisions of Article 201(1) and (2) of said Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a person obliged to disclose.

• 条件の成否が未定である間における当事者の権利義務は、一般の規定に従い、処分し、相続し、若しくは保存し、又はそのために担保を供することができる。
• While it is uncertain whether or not a condition has been fulfilled, the rights and obligations of the party concerned may be disposed of, inherited or preserved, or any security may be provided therefor, in accordance with the usual provisions of the law.

• 数人の債権者又は債務者がある場合において、別段の意思表示がないときは、各債権者又は各債務者は、それぞれ等しい割合で権利を有し、又は義務を負う。
• In cases there are more than one obligee or obligor, unless any other intention is manifested, each obligee or each obligor shall have the equally proportionate rights or obligations.

• 相続財産に属しない権利を目的とする遺贈が前条ただし書の規定により有効であるときは、遺贈義務者は、その権利を取得して受遺者に移転する義務を負う。
• If a testamentary gift, the object of which are rights that do not belong to the inherited property, has effect pursuant to the provision of the proviso to the preceding Article, the person with a duty of testamentary gift shall bear a duty to obtain those rights and transfer them to the testamentary donee.

• 前二項に規定するもののほか、権利、義務又は事実証明に関する文書又は図画を偽造し、又は変造した者は、一年以下の懲役又は十万円以下の罰金に処する。
• Except for the cases provided in the preceding two paragraphs, a person who counterfeits or alters a document or picture relating to rights, duties or certification of facts shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 1 year or a fine of not more than 100,000 yen.

• 研究所の成立の際、第十一条に規定する業務に関し、現に国が有する権利及び義務のうち政令で定めるものは、研究所の成立の時において研究所が承継する。
• Upon establishment of the Institute, the rights and obligations that the State actually possesses in relation to the operations prescribed in Article 11 and that are specified by Cabinet Order shall be succeeded to by the Institute at the time of establishment of the Institute.

• 官職に就くことは、その官職に付随する収益権を得ることも意味しており、官職に就いた家系の長（家督者）は、収益を一族へ配分する権限・義務を持った。
• To succeed the official government position means to have the right to receive profit that came with the position, the head of the family of the official government position had a right and a duty to contribute the profit to the family.

• しかし、平城京から発見されている木簡や『延喜式』で贄を納めることを義務付けられていた国は、信濃国、下野国など内陸で比較的畿内より遠い国もある。
• However, according to the mokkan and 'the Engishiki' discovered from Heijo-kyo, the provinces obligated to pay offerings were sited in the inland areas such as Shinano Province and Shimotsuke Province, and those were relatively far from kinai.

• 1886年に華族は第3者からの財産差し押さえなどから逃れることが出来る華族世襲財産法が制定されたことにより、世襲財産を設定する義務が生まれた。
• In 1886, Hereditary Property Law for Kazoku was established for protecting kazoku's property from being seized by a third party, and consequently, it obliged kazoku to 'set' their hereditary property.

• 『葉隠』（武士）や『町人嚢』、『盲安杖』（僧侶）などはそれぞれの立場からの家職・家業を全うさせる事が社会的義務であることを説いた書物であった。
• Documents such as 'Hagakure (The Book of The Samurai' (bushi), 'Choninbukuro' 'Moanjo'(monk) encouraged people that staying and succeeding in their Kashoku/Kagyo was a societal responsibility.

• ただし、この条文は違法な授受行為によって得た物（贓物）の返還義務を巡る規定であり、一般的な贈与の意味による和与について定めた規定ではなかった。
• This article, however, provide not for wayo, or usual gift, but for obligation to return what was acquired through an illegal transaction (stolen goods).

• だが、一方で公事に応じることによってそこの共同体（町や村）の構成員としての権利を保障される上での必要な義務として考えられるようになっていった。
• On the other hand, however, it began to be considered that accepting kuji was an obligation to protect their right as a constituent member of the community.

• フランスの秘密情報の入手要求できる職位を離れるいかなるイーター職員も、この情報の保護を続ける義務を意識し、それを遵守することを文書で確約する。
• Any ITER staff member leaving a position requiring access to French classified information shall be made aware of his obligation to continue the safeguarding of this information and shall commit in writing to comply to the latter.

• 設立会社は、新設分割をした商品取引員の承継の対象となる商品取引受託業務に関し、主務大臣の許可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利及び義務を承継する。
• A Formed Company shall succeed to the rights and obligations which the Futures Commission Merchant implementing a Consolidation-Type Split has based on any permission, license or other disposition of the competent minister concerning the Commodity Transactions Brokerage Business of said Futures Commission Merchant which is subject to the transfer.

• 承継会社は、吸収分割をした商品取引員の承継の対象となる商品取引受託業務に関し、主務大臣の許可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利及び義務を承継する。
• A Succeeding Company shall succeed to the rights and obligations which the Futures Commission Merchant implementing an Absorption-Type Split has based on any permission, license or other disposition of the competent minister concerning the Commodity Transactions Brokerage Business of said Futures Commission Merchant which is subject to the transfer.

• 譲受会社は、事業譲渡をした商品取引員の譲渡の対象となる商品取引受託業務に関し、主務大臣の許可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利及び義務を承継する。
• A Receiving Company shall succeed to the rights and obligations which the Futures Commission Merchant implementing a Business Transfer has based on any permission, license or other disposition of the competent minister concerning the Commodity Transactions Brokerage Business of said Futures Commission Merchant subject to the transfer.

• 法第六十一条の二の四第三項による住居及び行動範囲の制限、活動の制限、呼出しに対する出頭の義務その他必要と認める条件は、次の各号によるものとする。
• Restrictions on residence, area of movement and activities, the obligation to appear upon receiving a summons, and other conditions that may be considered necessary pursuant to the provisions of Article 61-2-4, paragraph (3) of the Immigration Control Act shall be pursuant to the following items:

• 江戸時代に戸籍管理を目的として、仏教宗派のいずれかの寺院か、神社への帰属が義務付けられた事によって様々な習慣が生まれたが、今は希薄となっている。
• In the Edo period, for the purpose of family registration control the public were required to belong to a temple of any sect or a shrine, which gave rise to various customs but those customs have become less common today.

• 実際には幕府も内高を調査しある程度把握していたが、軍役などの大名・旗本の義務的支出に関わる家格や軍役の算出に用いられる基準はあくまで表高とした。
• In fact, although bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) investigated uchi-daka and they kept the track of it to some degree, omote-daka was still used as the standards for calculating kakaku (family status) and military service that would determine compulsory expenditure of daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) or hatamoto.

• 未成年者が法律行為をするには、その法定代理人の同意を得なければならない。ただし、単に権利を得、又は義務を免れる法律行為については、この限りでない。
• A minor must obtain the consent of his/her statutory agent to perform any juristic act; provided, however, that, this shall not apply to an act merely intended to acquire a right or to be relieved of a duty.

• 特定合併後の電子債権記録機関は、特定合併により消滅した電子債権記録機関の業務に関し、行政官庁の認可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利義務を承継する。
• The Electronic Monetary Claim Recording Institution after the Specified Merger shall succeed to the rights and obligations arising out of the administrative authority's approval and other dispositions regarding the business of the Electronic Monetary Claim Recording Institution extinguished after the Specified Merger.

• 第二十五条第五項から第八項まで、第二十六条から第二十八条まで及び第三十三条第一項の規定は、仮の義務付け又は仮の差止めに関する事項について準用する。
• The provisions of Article 25, paragraph (5) to paragraph (8), Article 26 to Article 28, and Article 33, paragraph (1) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the matters concerning a provisional order of mandamus or provisional injunctive order.

• そして、集会参加の有資格者が集会に出席することは法会への出席と並ぶ僧侶としての義務として考えられており、正当な理由の無い欠席は処罰の対象とされた。
• It was considered that it was a duty for the Buddhist priests who had been entitled to join shue to attend shue as well as attend hoe (Buddhist mass) and absence without due cause was punished.

• 『山家学生式』（さんげがくしょうしき）を定め、天台宗の年分度者は比叡山において大乗戒を受けて菩薩僧となり、12年間山中で修行することを義務づける。
• He established 'Sange-gakushoshiki' (The Regulations for Students of the Mountain School), and he required that those who underwent Tendai School training to take Mahayana precepts to become bodhisattva priests and to train themselves in the mountains for 12 years.

• 特別徴収義務者は、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより、第一項の規定により徴収する支払回数割保険料額を、特別徴収対象被保険者に対し通知するものとする。
• A Person Under Obligation of Special Collection, pursuant to the provisions of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, shall provide notice of the insurance premium amount divided by the number of payments that shall be collected pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) to an Insured Person Subject to Special Collection.

• 登記官が前項の登記の更正をしたときは、その旨を登記権利者及び登記義務者に通知しなければならない。この場合においては、第一項ただし書の規定を準用する。
• When a registrar has corrected the registration as set forth in the preceding paragraph, he/she shall give notice to the person entitled to register and person obliged to register to that effect. In this case, the provision of the proviso to paragraph (1) shall apply mutatis mutandis.

• 取り消された行為は、初めから無効であったものとみなす。ただし、制限行為能力者は、その行為によって現に利益を受けている限度において、返還の義務を負う。
• An act which is rescinded is deemed void ab initio; provided, however, that a person with limited capacity to act shall have the obligation to reimburse to the extent that he/she is actually enriched as a result of such act.

• 不特定物を遺贈の目的とした場合において、受遺者がこれにつき第三者から追奪を受けたときは、遺贈義務者は、これに対して、売主と同じく、担保の責任を負う。
• In the case where a testamentary gift has as its object unspecified Things but a third party as a rightful claimant retakes them from a testamentary donee, a person having an obligation in relation to testamentary gift shall be liable under the same warranty with respect to those unspecified Things, just as a seller.

• この章の規定は、夫婦、親子その他の親族関係から生ずる扶養の義務については、適用しない。ただし、第三十九条本文の規定の適用については、この限りでない。
• The provisions of this Chapter, except for the main clause of Article 39, shall not apply to the obligations to support arising from the relationship between a husband and wife, parents and their child, and other family relationships.

• 親族の生命、身体、自由、名誉又は財産に対し害を加える旨を告知して脅迫し、人に義務のないことを行わせ、又は権利の行使を妨害した者も、前項と同様とする。
• The same shall apply to a person who, by intimidating another through a threat to the life, body, freedom, reputation or property of the relatives of another, causes the other to perform an act which the other person has no obligation to perform, or hinders the other from exercising his or her rights.

• 区別義務違反者　第二章第三節又は第四章第二節に規定する手続により第四号リに掲げる外国人に該当する旨の抑留資格認定又は裁決を受けて抑留される者をいう。
• "Violator of Obligations of Distinction"　means person to be interned with receiving recognition of internment status or determination as corresponding to any of foreigners listed in the (i) of item (iv) pursuant to the procedures prescribed in Section 3 of Chapter II or Section 2 of Chapter IV;

• 姦通が表沙汰になった際の女敵討は武士にとっては義務であったが、たとえ達成しても名誉にはならないため、表沙汰にせずに内々で示談にするケースも多かった。
• Megatakiuchi was the duty of a samurai once the adultery came to light, but since it did no one any great credit even when Megatakiuchi was achieved, such cases were often settled in private without being made public.

• 特に問題となったのは朝貢貿易の形態を取ったため、渤海からの貢物に対して、日本側では数倍の回賜でもって応える義務が生じ、多大な利益を渤海にもたらした。
• The problem was that it took the style of tribute trade, so Japan was obligated to return severalfold kaishi (return gift) to correspond to a tribute from Bo Hai and produced great profit to Bo Hai.

• こうした在地領主の賦課に地域の百姓が公事の名目で負担の義務に応じることで地域の構成員・自由民としての権利が与えられるという図式は長く地域に根付いた。
• The pattern that local peasants accepted to bear the load in name of kuji imposed by local lord in exchange for a right of constituent member of the province as well as free people took root in the province for long time.

• 昭和に入ってから美濃部達吉や神社局 には神社崇敬を憲法上の臣民の義務ととらえる姿勢があったが、内務省の公式の憲法解釈として発せられることはなかった。
• In the Showa period, Tatsukichi MINOBE and the Bureau of Shinto shrines considered that shrine veneration was one of the constitutional duties of subjects, but it was not issued as a formal constitutional interpretation by the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs.

• 配偶者の一方は、市町村が第一号被保険者たる他方の保険料を普通徴収の方法によって徴収しようとする場合において、当該保険料を連帯して納付する義務を負う。
• A spouse, when a Municipality intends to collect an insurance premium of the other spouse who is a Primary Insured Person by the method of general collection, shall be subject to the obligation of payment of said insurance premium jointly and severally.

• 第一項の規定による特別徴収義務者に対する通知（社会保険庁長官に係るものに限る。）は、当該年度の初日の属する年の七月三十一日までにしなければならない。
• A notification issued to a Person Under Obligation of Special Collection pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) (limited to a notification pertaining to the secretary of a Social Insurance Agency) shall be issued by July 31 of the year that includes the first day of said fiscal year.

• 医療保険者は、納付金の納付に充てるため医療保険各法又は地方税法の規定により保険料若しくは掛金又は国民健康保険税を徴収し、納付金を納付する義務を負う。
• A medical care insurer, in order to allocate to said Levy, pursuant to the provisions of each Act related to medical insurance or the Local Tax Act, shall be subject to an obligation to collect insurance premiums, installments premium, or taxes for National Health Insurance and to pay said Levy.

• おまえの主人の感情を損ねたくないし、この紙はまだ彼が生きている証拠にちがいないと思わないでもないが、あのドアを壊してでも中へ入るのが私の義務だろう」
• Much as I desire to spare your master's feelings, much as I am puzzled by this note which seems to prove him to be still alive, I shall consider it my duty to break in that door.'

• 会社の吸収分割の無効の訴え　吸収分割をする会社及び当該会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部又は一部を当該会社から承継する会社についての変更の登記
• an action seeking invalidation of an Absorption-type Company Split of a Company:　registration of a change with regard to the Company effecting the Absorption-type Company Split and the Company succeeding to all or part of the rights and obligations held by such Company in connection with its business by transfer from such Company;

• ある行為をした者に一定の報酬を与える旨を広告した者（以下この款において「懸賞広告者」という。）は、その行為をした者に対してその報酬を与える義務を負う。
• A person who places an advertisement to the effect that any person who performs a defined act will be given a set reward (hereinafter in this Subsection referred to as an 'advertiser offering prizes') shall be obligated to give the reward to the person who has performed the act.

• 賃借人が適法に賃借物を転貸したときは、転借人は、賃貸人に対して直接に義務を負う。この場合においては、賃料の前払をもって賃貸人に対抗することができない。
• If a lessee lawfully subleases a leased Thing, the sublessee shall assume a direct obligation to the lessor. In such cases, advance payment of rent may not be asserted against the lessor.

• アメリカ産牛肉からBSEの病原体がたまっている危険部位と指摘されており、輸入の際、除去が義務づけられている脊柱（せきちゅう）が混入していたことが判明。
• It was found that the beef imported from the US contained the spine--a region whose removal was required as a material designated at risk of containing infectious agent of BSE.

• こうして成立した年貢は、その後の中世・近世を通じて、支配層の主要な財源として位置づけられ、被支配層にとっては年貢を負担する義務が課され続けたのである。
• Through the medieval period and early-modern times, the nengu was the principal financial resource for the ruling class, which the ordinary population continued to bear its burden.

• 三田藩が藩領外の商人に対しても自藩領内での藩札の使用を義務付けていたこともあり、摂津国西部から播磨国東部にかけてのかなり広い地域で同藩の札は流通した。
• Since Sanda Domain obliged outside merchants to use han bills issued by the domain within their territories, han bills were extensively circulated from the western part of Settsu Province and the eastern part of Harima Province.

• 世帯主は、市町村が当該世帯に属する第一号被保険者の保険料を普通徴収の方法によって徴収しようとする場合において、当該保険料を連帯して納付する義務を負う。
• A household, when a Municipality intends to collect an insurance premium of a Primary Insured Person who resides with said family by the method of general collection, shall be subject to the obligation of payment of said insurance premium jointly and severally.

• 第一項から第三項まで又は第七項の規定による費用の徴収は、これを本人又はその扶養義務者の居住地又は財産所在地の都道府県又は市町村に嘱託することができる。
• The collection of expenses pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (1) to (3) inclusive or paragraph (7) may be commissioned to the prefectural or municipal government where the place of residence or the location of property of the referenced person or his/her supporter under duty exists.

• 締約者は、いかなる資金的負担義務に関する合意を侵害することなく、イーター事業の後期において必要となる将来の支援設備の改修及び拡張を行うために協力する。
• The Parties shall collaborate, without prejudice to any agreement on financial liability, in obtaining such modifications or extensions to the service installations in the future as are necessary for later phases of the ITER Project.

• 前項の訴えを提起した受益者が敗訴した場合であっても、悪意があったときを除き、当該受益者は、受託者に対し、これによって生じた損害を賠償する義務を負わない。
• Even where the beneficiary who filed the action set forth in the preceding paragraph has lost the beneficiary's case, the beneficiary shall not be liable to compensate the trustee for any damage arising from the action, except where the beneficiary was in bad faith.
• Even where the beneficiary who filed the action set forth in the preceding paragraph has lost the case, the beneficiary shall not be liable to compensate the trustee for any damage arising from the action, except where the beneficiary was in bad faith.

• 買主は、引渡しの日から、代金の利息を支払う義務を負う。ただし、代金の支払について期限があるときは、その期限が到来するまでは、利息を支払うことを要しない。
• The buyer shall assume an obligation to pay the interest on the purchase money from the day of delivery; provided, however, that, if a due date is provided for the payment of the purchase money, it shall not be necessary to pay the interest until that due date arrives.

• 刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）の秘密漏示罪の規定その他の守秘義務に関する法律の規定は、前二項の規定により通報することを妨げるものと解釈してはならない。
• Provisions of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) concerning the unlawful disclosure of confidential information and provisions of other acts concerning confidentiality obligations shall not be construed as those preventing notification under the preceding two paragraphs.

• 審査会により、心身の故障のため職務の執行ができないと認められたとき、又は職務上の義務違反その他会長若しくは委員たるに適しない非行があると認められたとき。
• if one is found incapable to perform duties due to a mental or physical disorder or is found to be guilty of breaching his/her obligation in the course of duties and other malfeasance that renders himself/herself unfitting to be the Chairperson or Board members by the Board.

• 前項の再商品化義務量は、特定分別基準適合物ごとに、第一号に掲げる量に、第二号に掲げる量を第三号に掲げる量で除して得た率を乗じて得た量に相当する量とする。
• The obligatory recycling amount set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be the amount corresponding to the amount obtained by multiplying the amount listed in item 1 by the rate obtained by dividing the amount listed in item 2 by the amount listed in item 3.

• 前項の条件は、許可に係る事項の確実な実施を図るため必要な最小限度のものに限り、かつ、許可を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとなるものであつてはならない。
• The conditions under the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum required for ensuring the secure implementation of the matters to which the permission pertains, and shall not impose undue obligations on the person who obtains the permission.
• The condition of the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum extent necessary for facilitating secure implementation of the matters pertaining to the permission, and shall not impose unreasonable obligation on the person who is granted the permission.

• 前項の条件は、承認に係る事項の確実な実施を図るため必要な最少限度のものに限り、かつ、承認を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとなるものであつてはならない。
• The conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum conditions necessary for ensuring the sure execution of matters pertaining to approval and shall not result in imposing unreasonable obligations on the person subject to said approval.

• 前項の条件は、承認に係る事項の確実な実施を図るため必要な最小限度のものに限り、かつ、承認を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとなるものであつてはならない。
• The conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum required to ensure the successful implementation of the matters concerning the approval, and shall not impose any unreasonable obligation on the person who is to obtain said approval.

• 別名とは、田堵負名を含む在地領主層に対して、名田よりも遥かに広域で、未墾地や山野を含む領域の支配を認める代わりに、一定の官物納入を義務づけるものである。
• The bechimyo was the system in which the central government put local lords including tato fumyo under a obligation to pay a certain amount of kanmotsu instead of admitting their domination over the area that was far more vast than myoden and included uncultivated lands, fields and mountains.

• 魏は、戦乱によって耕作者がいなくなった田地を人民に支給して軍糧を徴収する屯田制と、兵役義務を持つのは兵戸であり他の一般戸と区別する兵戸制を採用していた。
• Wei adopted the tuntian system, where farmland deserted during the war was granted to people and the crop collected as military provisions, and the binghu military household system, where only military households were required to do military service, separating them from general households.

• 家臣の倹約を目的として、藩士間の贈答用に用いることを義務付けられた、本来の贈答品の購入費用からすれば比較的低額の兌換紙幣（音物札）を発行した藩もあった。
• Some domains issued exchangeable bills (Inmotsusatsu) which their retainers were forced to use in purchasing presents for their colleague retainers, whose face value was very small compared with the price of presents the retainers had customarily bought, for the purpose of making the retainers save money.

• 法第百六十一条第七号（国内源泉所得）に掲げる使用料又は対価で法第二百四条第一項第一号（報酬、料金等に係る源泉徴収義務）に掲げる報酬又は料金に該当するもの
• A royalty or consideration listed in Article 161(vii) (Domestic Source Income) of the Act, which falls under the category of remuneration or fee listed in Article 204(1)(i) (Withholding Liability for Remuneration, Fee, etc.) of the Act

• 親がこの義務を果せなければ、できるかぎり親の負担で、その義務が果されるよう取り計らうのが国家のやるべきことだということは、まだ認められてはいないのです。
• and that if the parent does not fulfil this obligation, the State ought to see it fulfilled, at the charge, as far as possible, of the parent.12

• 法的又は公的義務により法的に認知された子又はその他の家族を、あるいは両親を亡くし、当該人員が責任を引き受けた子を、主に継続的に扶養する職員に支給される。
• shall be paid to staff members who mainly and continuously maintain either a legally recognized child or another member of their family by virtue of a legal or judicial obligation, or a child who has lost both parents and for whom they have assumed responsibility;

• 裁判官又はその配偶者若しくは配偶者であった者が、事件の当事者であるとき、又は事件について当事者と共同権利者、共同義務者若しくは償還義務者の関係にあるとき。
• Where a judge or his/her spouse or person who was his/her spouse is a party to the case, or is related to a party in the case as a joint obligee, joint obligor or obligor for redemption.

• 消費者は、消費者契約を締結するに際しては、事業者から提供された情報を活用し、消費者の権利義務その他の消費者契約の内容について理解するよう努めるものとする。
• Consumers entering into a consumer contract shall endeavor to actively use the information provided by business operators and to understand their rights and duties and such other things set forth in the consumer contract.

• 不正に作られた権利、義務又は事実証明に関する電磁的記録を、第一項の目的で、人の事務処理の用に供した者は、その電磁的記録を不正に作った者と同一の刑に処する。
• A person who, with the intent prescribed for in paragraph (1), puts an electromagnetic record created without due authorization and related to rights, duties or certification of facts into use for the administration of the matters of another shall be punished by the same penalty as the person who created such an electromagnetic record.

• 法第五十四条第二項の規定により呼出しに対する出頭の義務を付されて仮放免された者に対する出頭の要求は、別記第六十八号様式による呼出状によつて行うものとする。
• A request for appearance by a person who has been accorded provisional release under an obligation to appear upon receiving a summons pursuant to the provisions of Article 54, paragraph (2) of the Immigration Control Act shall be made in the form of a writ of summons pursuant to Appended Form 68.

• 大日本帝国憲法制定に際し、伊藤博文は『憲法義解』の中で「官が家に属し、族によって職を世襲」する陋習（すなわち、家職）を臣民権利義務規定に反するものとした。
• Upon the ratification of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, Hirobumi ITO wrote in the 'Kenpo Gikai' that the custom of 'officials affiliated with an Ie and passing down positions amongst their clan,' in other words, Kashoku, was against the rights and obligations of the people.

• また製糖業者保護のために「原料採集区域制度」を導入、甘蔗農家は付近の製糖工場への作物納入が義務付けられ、またその価格は工場側が決定するというものであった。
• It also introduced the 'raw material collection area system' to protect the sugar manufacturers, system in which the sugarcane farmers were required to supply their products to the sugar manufacturing factories in their neighborhood at a price determined by them.

• 具体的には新聞や雑誌を発行する場合、必ず内務省 (日本)に届け出て許可を得ることや、掲載する記事・論説に書いた人間の署名をつけることなどが義務づけされた。
• In particular, the issue of newspapers and bulletins were obligated to inevitably get a permission from the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs, to append a writer's signature on articles and editorial comments, and so on.

• 明治政府は金本位制度の確立を民間に任せることとし、1872年に国立銀行条例（民間資本で発券銀行を設立し兌換紙幣の発行を義務付けるというもの。）を制定した。
• The Meiji Government left an establishment of the gold standard system to the private sector, and enacted a regulation of national bank in 1872, (to establish issue banks with private capital, and oblige them to issue convertible currency).

• 自由についての見当違いな考えのせいで、親の側の道徳的義務が認識されなかったり、法的義務が課されなかったりするのは、なにも教育にかぎったわけではありません。
• It is not in the matter of education only, that misplaced notions of liberty prevent moral obligations on the part of parents from being recognised, and legal obligations from being imposed,

• 管理者たちはこの科学を発展させることが義務であるが、同時にこの科学の下で働く作業員を指導、援助すべきであり、その結果に対しては多大な責任を負うべきである。
• Those in the management whose duty it is to develop this science should also guide and help the workman in working under it, and should assume a much larger share of the responsibility for results than under usual conditions is assumed by the management.

• 一般的に、職員による違法行為は、特に第二条(全職員の義務と責任)に規定されたイーター機構に対して職員に課された又は暗示された義務と合い入れない行為である。
• Misconduct on the part of a staff member is, in general, conduct which is incompatible with the staff member’s undertaken or implied obligations to the ITER Organization as stipulated, particularly, in Article 2 (Duties and Responsibilities of all Staff Members).

• この法律の規定により受託者が受益者（信託管理人が現に存する場合にあっては、信託管理人。次号において同じ。）に対し通知すべき事項を委託者に対しても通知する義務
• the duty to notify the settlor of the matters of which the trustee should notify the beneficiary (if there is a trust caretaker at the time in question, the matters of which the trustee should notify the trust caretaker; the same shall apply in the following item) pursuant to the provisions of this Act;

• 前項の条件は、公共の利益を確保するため必要な最小限度のものに限り、かつ、当該許可又は認可を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとならないものでなければならない。
• The conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum necessary to ensure the public interest, and shall not be such as to impose unreasonable obligations on a person who obtains said license or approval.
• The conditions of the preceding paragraph shall be as small as possible necessary to secure the public interest, and shall not impose undue obligations on the persons who obtain the said license or approval.

• 賠償義務者の申立があつた場合において、裁判所が適当であると認めるときは、前項の規定にかかわらず、金銭をもつてする賠償に代えて原状の回復を命ずることができる。
• If those who have obligation to compensate file their applications, the court may, when it finds appropriate, order restoration instead of monetary compensation notwithstanding the provision of the preceding paragraph.

• 損害賠償請求権は、被害者が損害及び賠償義務者を知つた時から三年間行わないときは、時効によつて消滅する。損害の発生の時から二十年を経過したときも、同様とする。
• The right to seek compensation for damage shall become extinct due to prescription if an aggrieved party does not make a claim for damages within three years from the day he/she knew the damage or the person who has the obligation to compensate for damage. The same shall apply when 20 years have passed since occurrence of damage.

• 日本の国立中央図書館である国立国会図書館においては、国立国会図書館法が、国内全ての官公庁、団体と個人に出版物を国立国会図書館に納本することを義務付けている。
• In the NDL, Japan's national main library, it is mandated that copies of all publications must be sent by all government and municipal agencies, groups and individuals in Japan to the NDL, in accordance with the National Diet Library Law.

• 当初は自発的な参勤であったが、次第に制度として定着していき、3代徳川将軍家・徳川家光の時代の寛永12年（1635年）に武家諸法度の改定によって義務付けした。
• In the beginning, daimyo's sankin-kotai was voluntary, but it gradually became established as a system, and the 1635 edition of Buke Shohatto, issued in the era of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third Shogun, made it obligatory.

• それでもこの路線は明治政府に政権が移っても継続され、1873年（明治6年）に「生糸製造取締規則」が公布されて生糸の出荷には必ず印紙を貼る事が義務付けられた。
• Nevertheless, this policy was continued even after the establishment of the Meiji government, and in 1873 the government proclaimed the regulation for controlling the production of raw silk thread, putting producers under an obligation to affix a revenue stamp in the shipment of raw silk thread.

• 品戸は畿内及びその周辺諸国に在住し、恒常的な貢納を義務付けられた常品部（つねのしなべ）と臨時の徭役労働に近い形態を有した借品部（かりのしなべ）に分けられた。
• Shinabe who lived in Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) and its surrounding provinces were divided into tsuneno shinabe who were obliged to pay tribute on a constant basis and karino shinaba with a form close to temporary yoeki (corvee under the ritsuryo system) work.

• 救済給付の支給を受けることができる者に対し、同一の事由について、損害のてん補がされた場合においては、機構は、その価額の限度で救済給付を支給する義務を免れる。
• In the event that damage has been compensated for a person entitled to receive payment of the relief benefits for the same reason, the Agency can be discharged from the duty of the payment the relief benefits up to the extent of the value.

• できるかぎり真実の意見を形成すること、しかも注意深く形成して、それが確実に正当でないかぎり他人に押しつけないことは、政府の義務でもあり、個人の義務でもある。
• It is the duty of governments, and of individuals, to form the truest opinions they can; to form them carefully, and never impose them upon others unless they are quite sure of being right.

• だからといって、こうした義務が不本意な当事者の幸福をなにがなんでも犠牲にしてまで契約の履行を求めることにはならないし、また私もそういうことは承諾できません。
• It does not follow, nor can I admit, that these obligations extend to requiring the fulfilment of the contract at all costs to the happiness of the reluctant party;

• 電子記録権利者及び電子記録義務者が電子記録の請求を共同してしない場合における電子記録の請求は、これらの者のすべてが電子記録の請求をした時に、その効力を生ずる。
• In the case where the Electronically Recorded Claim Holder and the Electronically Recorded Claim Obligor do not make a joint request for an Electronic Record, the request for the Electronic Record shall be put into effect when all of these holders have made the request for the Electronic Record.

• 漁業権者の有する水面使用に関する権利義務（当該漁業権者が当該漁業に関し行政庁の許可、認可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利義務を含む。）は、漁業権の処分に従う。
• The rights and obligations concerning the use of waters owned by a fishery right holder (including the rights and obligations owned by said fishery right holder based on the permissions, approvals and other dispositions of the administrative agency concerning said fishery) shall follow the disposition of the fishery right.

• 江戸時代の百姓身分とは、主たる生業が農業・手工業・商業のいずれかであるかを問わず、村に石高を持ち、領主に年貢を納める形で権利義務を承認された身分階層を指した。
• During the Edo period, a farming rank was one of social status in which a farmer had 'kokudaka' (crop yield) in his village and his duties and rights were approved by paying his nengu' (land tax) to the landlord, whichever his regular vocation was agriculture, labor industry, or commerce.

• 1400年、朝鮮王朝は興利倭船の入港場を釜山浦・薺浦（慶尚南道鎮海市）に限定するが徹底されず、1407年に居住地領主の行状（渡航証明書）の所持が義務化される。
• Although the Korean kingdom restricted the port to Koriwasen to enter the Busan Inlet (釜山浦) and Jepo (薺浦) (Chinkae City, Gyengsangnam-do (South Gyeongsang Province) 慶尚南道鎮海市) in 1400 but it was not completely observed; and the Korean kingdom required Koriwa to bear gyojo (passport) issued by the lord of their residence in 1407.

• 気候変動枠組条約および京都議定書により定められた義務については、その約束が遵守されることを担保するため、罰則規定のように機能する規定が設けられることとなった。
• As for duties subscribed by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, in order to make the duties fulfilled, regulations which would function as penalties were set up.

• その納める義務が信託財産責任負担債務である国税に係る信託が終了したとき（信託法第百六十三条第五号（信託の終了事由）に掲げる事由によつて終了したときを除く。）。
• Where the trust involving the national tax for which the liability to pay is an obligation covered by the liability based on the trust property has terminated (excluding cases where the trust has terminated on the grounds set forth in Article 163, item (v) (Grounds for Termination of Trust) of the Trust Act)

• 前項の条件は、許可に係る事項の確実な実施を図るため必要な最小限度のものに限り、且つ、許可を受けた者に対し、不当な義務を課することとなるものであってはならない。
• The conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum required for the execution of the work being approved and shall not place the party who has obtained approval under an undue obligation.

• しかし、これが父親の義務であることは満場一致で宣言されながら、一方では、この国でそれを実行するのを父親に義務づけることに、耳を傾ける人はほとんどいないのです。
• But while this is unanimously declared to be the father's duty, scarcely anybody, in this country, will bear to hear of obliging him to perform it.

• 国又は地方公共団体が登記権利者となって権利に関する登記をするときは、官庁又は公署は、遅滞なく、登記義務者の承諾を得て、当該登記を登記所に嘱託しなければならない。
• When the national government or a local government makes a registration of a right as the person entitled to register, the government agency or public office concerned shall commission a registry office to make the registration without delay, with the consent of the person obliged to register.

• 国又は地方公共団体が登記義務者となる権利に関する登記について登記権利者の請求があったときは、官庁又は公署は、遅滞なく、当該登記を登記所に嘱託しなければならない。
• At the request of the person entitled to register regarding a registration of a right for which the national government or a local government shall be the person obliged to register, the government agency or public office concerned shall commission a registry office to make the registration without delay.

• 責任追及等の訴えを提起した株主が敗訴した場合であっても、悪意があったときを除き、当該株主は、当該株式会社に対し、これによって生じた損害を賠償する義務を負わない。
• Even in cases where a shareholder who has filed an Action for Pursuing Liability, etc. loses the case, the shareholder shall not be obligated to compensate the relevant Stock Company for the damages arising as a result thereof, except when the shareholder was in bad faith.

• 財産開示期日において宣誓した開示義務者が、正当な理由なく第百九十九条第一項から第四項までの規定により陳述すべき事項について陳述をせず、又は虚偽の陳述をしたとき。
• When a person obliged to disclose who has sworn under oath on the property disclosure date has, without justifiable grounds, failed to make a statement or made a false statement with regard to the matters to be stated pursuant to the provisions of Article 199(1) to (4)

• 受遺者は、遺贈が弁済期に至らない間は、遺贈義務者に対して相当の担保を請求することができる。停止条件付きの遺贈についてその条件の成否が未定である間も、同様とする。
• While a testamentary gift is not due, a testamentary donee may make a claim for reasonable security from a person having an obligation with respect to testamentary gift. The same shall also apply for a testamentary gift with a condition precedent while the outcome of that condition is unknown.

• 人の事務処理を誤らせる目的で、その事務処理の用に供する権利、義務又は事実証明に関する電磁的記録を不正に作った者は、五年以下の懲役又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する。
• A person who, with the intent to bring about improper administration of the matters of another person, unlawfully creates without due authorization an electromagnetic record which is for use in such improper administration and is related to rights, duties or certification of facts, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 5 years or a fine of not more than 500,000 yen.

• 前項の規定による指定がされた事件（以下「指定事件」という。）については、指定を受けた社員（以下「指定社員」という。）のみが業務を執行する権利を有し、義務を負う。
• Regarding a case for which the designation set forth in the preceding paragraph has been effected (hereinafter referred to as 'Designated Case'), the member or members who has or have been designated as such (hereinafter referred to as 'Designated Member(s)') shall only have the right and obligation to execute the relevant business.
• If designation is made for a case pursuant to the preceding paragraph ('Designated Case'), only the designated member ('Designated Member') shall have the right and bear the obligation to perform the matters related to the Designated Case.

• 第一項の規定により機構が旧機構の権利及び義務を承継したときは、次に掲げる金額の合計額に相当する金額は、機構の設立に際し政府から機構に対して出資されたものとする。
• When NEDO has succeeded to the rights and obligations of the former Organization pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the amount equivalent to the total of the following amounts shall be deemed to have been contributed to NEDO by the government as of the establishment of NEDO:

• 戦時衣生活簡素化実施要綱そのものは、法的な強制力がない努力義務のガイドラインのようなものであるが、後に戦時衣生活簡素化実施要綱を推進するための法律が制定される。
• The Outline of Wartime Clothing Simplification was something like a guideline without authorization for the people who were obligated to make a sincere effort, but later, a law was enacted to promote this outline.

• すでに皇室の公式行事では洋式の大礼服を着用する事が義務付けられていたが、生涯を通じて洋装を拒んだ幟仁親王だけは特例として明治天皇から束帯での参加を許されていた。
• Although people were required to be in full western dress in official events at the Imperial Court at that time, Emperor Meiji allowed Imperial Prince Takahito, who refused to wear Western-style clothes throughout his life, to attend events in Sokutai (traditional Japanese formal court dress) as an exception.

• このため、領主の所有地から離れた場所で生活する農民も少なくなく、このような農民は領地（領主の直轄地）で労役義務を果たす代わりに金銭納入を行うようになっていった。
• For this reason, few farmers lived far from the land owned by the lords and the farmers who lived far from there came to pay their dues in cash instead of doing labor services on the land directly controlled by the lords.

• 年貢については、石高を村落全体で集計した村高（むらだか）に応じた額が、村の年貢量とされ、年貢納入は村落が一括納入の義務を負う村請（むらうけ）の形態が採用された。
• The murauke system (a village's collective responsibility for tax payment) was established in order to collect the nengu from the village as a collective unit, in which an amount of nengu was determined from the total kokudaka of the entire village.

• 鉄砲は高価で貴重な兵器であったため､軍役として鉄砲を用意するよう義務付けられるのはある程度大身の者であることを考慮すると、この軍役率はそのまま参考にはならない。
• This rate cannot be taken at face value because only men of significantly high rank could have been obliged to provide for military service teppo which were expensive and rare at the time.

• 他方大名に囲米を義務づけ、江戸へ流入した百姓を出身地へ強制的に帰還させ（旧里帰農令）、また棄捐令を発して旗本・御家人らの救済を図るなど、保守的な傾向が強かった。
• On the other hand, he implemented various conservative policies, such as compelling 'daimyo' to take 'kakoimai' (rice storage system in case of emergency), issuing 'Kyurikino-rei' (the decree that forced peasants flowing into Edo to return to their hometowns) and 'Kien-rei' (the decree to relieve 'hatamoto' and 'gokenin' [an immediate vassal of the shogunate] from their economic difficulties).

• そして世間がわたしの関心事を大きく共有してくれると思うほどうぬぼれてはいないけれど、でも自分自身に課した義務の天でこんなに遅れをとっている状態なのもいやなのだ。
• and, without flattering myself so much as to expect the public to take a large share in my interests, I am yet unwilling to be found so far wanting in the duty I owe to myself,

• 吸収分割承継株式会社が吸収分割に際して吸収分割会社に対してその事業に関する権利義務の全部又は一部に代わる金銭等を交付するときは、当該金銭等についての次に掲げる事項
• if the Succeeding Stock Company in Absorption-type Company Split is to deliver to the Splitting Company in Absorption-type Company Split Monies, etc. in lieu of all or part of the rights and obligations in connection with the business thereof when effecting the Absorption-type Company Split, the following matters concerning such Monies, etc.:

• この法律において「受託者」とは、信託行為の定めに従い、信託財産に属する財産の管理又は処分及びその他の信託の目的の達成のために必要な行為をすべき義務を負う者をいう。
• The term 'trustee' as used in this Act means a person who is under an obligation to administer or dispose of property that belongs to the trust property and to conduct any other acts that are necessary to achieve the purpose of a trust as provided for by the terms of trust.

• 請求対象者に責任又は義務があると判断した場合において、責任追及等の訴え（会社法第八百四十七条第一項に規定する責任追及等の訴えをいう。）を提起しないときは、その理由
• in the case of not filing an Action for Pursuing Liability, etc. (which means an Action for Pursuing Liability, etc. as prescribed in Article 847, paragraph (1) of the Companies Act), when judging that the person subject to the claim has a responsibility or duty, the reasons therefor.

• 訴訟の係属中第三者がその訴訟の目的である義務の全部又は一部を承継したときは、裁判所は、当事者の申立てにより、決定で、その第三者に訴訟を引き受けさせることができる。
• If a third party, while the suit is pending, has succeeded to the whole or part of the obligation that is the subject matter of the suit, the court, upon the petition of an original party, by an order, may have such third party assume the suit.

• しかしながら、雑徭はその補完でしかない（日本は戸を等級で分けて等級ごとに負担する労役を定める差科制を採らなかった為に等級に依らない雑徭が義務化された）としている。
• However, in Japan the saka system, in which the ko (an administrative unit of a few families under the Ritsuryo system) was classified by rank and the labor was allocated according to rank, was not adopted and therefore the zoyo, free of rank, was mandated.

• これは旗本に江戸常駐を原則として義務付けたことによって旗本が生産地である知行地から切り離されて消費者に転化してその生活が苦しくなったという事情が大きく働いていた。
• This was largely due to the hatamoto having become consumers and having led hard lives after being separated from their territories which was the production center, because they were, in principle, obliged to stay in Edo year round.

• 当時は文部省唱歌の「赤とんぼ童謡「赤とんぼ」」などに見られるように、現在で言えば義務教育期間に当たる子どもが、幼い子どもを背負うなどして一日じゅう面倒を見ていた。
• In those days, one of the school songs of the Ministry of Education, a children's song 'Akatonbo' (red dragonfly) illustrates, it was common for school age children of today to take care of younger children all day long.

• 前項の条件は、当該指定に係る事項の確実な実施を図るために必要な最小限度のものに限り、かつ、当該指定を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとなるものであってはならない。
• The conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum necessary for the sure implementation of the matters pertaining to said designation, and shall not be such as to impose undue obligations on the person obtaining said designation.
• The conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum but enough to secure steady implementation of the matters pertaining to said designation, and shall not result in imposing unreasonable duties on the juridical person subject to the said designation.

• そして、ホテルのドアの前に立った時、彼は彼らが、彼らの生活や義務から逃れ、家や友人たちから逃れ、荒々しい、光りを放つ心で一緒に新たな冒険へと出発するのだと感じた。
• and, as they stood at the hotel door, he felt that they had escaped from their lives and duties, escaped from home and friends and run away together with wild and radiant hearts to a new adventure.

• こんなふうに、純粋に自己配慮的な行為によって、人が公衆にたいして自分がしょわされたはっきりした義務を果せないとき、その人は社会的な規範違反の罪を犯しているのです。
• In like manner, when a person disables himself, by conduct purely self-regarding, from the performance of some definite duty incumbent on him to the public, he is guilty of a social offence.

• 聖体に対する、そして告解の秘密に対する聖職者の義務が僕にはとても重大なものに思え、誰にしろいったいどうしてそれを引き受ける勇気をわが身に見出したのだろうと思った。
• The duties of the priest towards the Eucharist and towards the secrecy of the confessional seemed so grave to me that I wondered how anybody had ever found in himself the courage to undertake them;

• 第三十七条第一項又は第二項の規定により会員の持分並びにその持分についての権利及び義務を承継した者は、当該会員が商品市場においてした取引に係る権利及び義務を承継する。
• A person who has succeeded to the equity interest of a member and the rights and obligations with regard to that equity interest pursuant to the provisions of Article 37, paragraph (1) or (2) shall succeed to the rights and obligations pertaining to the transactions that said member has carried out on the Commodity Market.

• 前条第一項に規定する場合には、投資法人の債権者は、同項の規定により義務を負う投資主に対し、その交付を受けた金銭の額に相当する金銭を投資法人に支払わせることができる。
• In the case referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the creditors of an Investment Corporation may have Investors who are liable under that paragraph pay the amount of monies equivalent to the monies received thereby to the Investment Corporation.

• 不利益処分　行政庁が、法令に基づき、特定の者を名あて人として、直接に、これに義務を課し、又はその権利を制限する処分をいう。ただし、次のいずれかに該当するものを除く。
• Adverse Dispositions:　Dispositions in which administrative agencies, acting pursuant to laws and regulations, designate specified persons as subject parties to the Disposition and directly impose duties upon them or limit their rights; excluding however, those fall under any of the following specified provisions:

• 航空・鉄道事故調査委員会の委員長又は委員であった者に係るその職務に関して知り得た秘密を漏らしてはならない義務については、第二条の規定の施行後も、なお従前の例による。
• With regard to obligation of persons who have been the chairperson or members of the Aircraft and Railway Accidents Investigation Commission not to divulge any secrets obtained in the course of performing their duties, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable even after the effectuation of the provision of Article 2.

• 再商品化義務総量に、再商品化義務総量のうち特定容器利用事業者又は特定容器製造等事業者により再商品化がされるべき量の占める比率として主務大臣が定める比率を乗じて得た量
• The amount obtained by multiplying the total obligatory recycling amount by the ratio set by the competent minister as the ratio of the amount to be recycled by a specified container user or a specified container manufacturer, etc. in the total obligatory recycling amount

• 特定外国文化財を輸入しようとする者は、外国為替及び外国貿易法（昭和二十四年法律第二百二十八号）第五十二条の規定により、輸入の承認を受ける義務を課せられるものとする。
• Any person who intends to import specified foreign cultural property shall comply with the obligation to obtain import approval pursuant to the provisions of Article 52 of the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act (Act No. 228 of 1949).

• 国家神道の時代には神道は宗教的地位が曖昧にされ（政府は「神道は宗教ではない」(神社非宗教論)として天皇と一体化し国民に敬神の義務を強いた）絶対のものとして扱われた。
• In the era of State Shinto, the religious position of the Shinto religion was made indistinct (the Government united the Shinto religion with the Emperor and obligated the people to respect the god under the theory that 'the Shinto religion was not a religion' (Jinjahishukyoron (theory that the Shinto religion was not a religion), and the Shinto religion was treated as an absolute thing.

• 戸主は、家の統率者として家族に対する扶養義務を負う（ただし、配偶者、直系卑属、直系尊属による扶養義務のほうが優先）ほか、主に以下のような権能（戸主権）を有していた。
• A head of a family has duty of support for family members, as leader of a family (however, the duty of support by a spouse, direct descendants, and direct ancestors are prioritized.), and the other capabilities and powers of a head of a family are listed below.

• また、既存の公験が存在する事物の変動に際しては、その公験を解状に添える義務があり、紛失時には速やかに公験発給官司への届出を行い公験紛失状の発給を受けるものとされた。
• If the object of change had already been provided with kugen, it was compulsory to attach the kugen to gejo, and in the case of loss, a prompt notification to governmental official in charge of issuance of kugen was required to be supplied a certificate confirming the loss.

• 吸収分割承継持分会社が吸収分割により吸収分割会社から承継する資産、債務、雇用契約その他の権利義務（吸収分割株式会社の株式及び新株予約権に係る義務を除く。）に関する事項
• matters concerning the assets, obligations, employment agreements, and any other rights and obligations that the Succeeding Membership Company in Absorption-type Company Split succeeds to by transfer from the Splitting Company in Absorption-type Company Split through the Absorption-type Company Split (excluding obligations pertaining to shares of the Splitting Stock Company in Absorption-type Company Split);

• 新設分割設立持分会社が新設分割により新設分割会社から承継する資産、債務、雇用契約その他の権利義務（新設分割株式会社の株式及び新株予約権に係る義務を除く。）に関する事項
• matters concerning the assets, obligations, employment agreements, and any other rights and obligations that the Membership Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split succeeds to by transfer from the Splitting Company(ies) in Incorporation-type Company Split through the Incorporation-type Company Split (excluding obligations pertaining to shares and Share Options of the Splitting Stock Company(ies) in Incorporation-type Company Split);

• 前項の規定により相続人等が被承継人の持分並びにその持分についての被承継人の権利及び義務を承継したときは、その者は、被承継人の死亡の時において会員になつたものとみなす。
• When the Heir, etc. has succeeded to the equity interest of the decedent and the rights and obligations of the decedent with regard to that equity interest pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, such person shall be deemed to have become a member at the time of the death of the decedent.

• 支援センターの成立の際、第三十条に規定する業務の準備に関し、現に国が有する権利及び義務のうち政令で定めるものは、支援センターの成立の時において支援センターが承継する。
• At the time of its establishment, the JLSC shall succeed to the rights and obligations which were held by the State at the time of establishment and provided for by Cabinet Orders with regard to the preparations for the business provided for by Article 30.

• 前条の規定により刑の執行を停止した場合には、検察官は、刑の言渡を受けた者を監護義務者又は地方公共団体の長に引き渡し、病院その他の適当な場所に入れさせなければならない。
• In cases where execution of a sentence is suspended pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the public prosecutor shall transfer the sentenced person to either a person under obligation to care for him/her or to the head of the local government, and have such a person deliver the sentenced person to a hospital or any other appropriate location.

• 戦国時代_(日本)には戦国大名が自らの輸送・通信手段を確保するために、輸送業者に対して伝馬や小荷駄などの義務を課して、それと引換に駄賃馬稼の許可を与えるようになった。
• During the Sengoku period (period of Warring States), in order to secure their own means of transportation and communication, Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) imposed duties such as posts and provisions on carriers in exchange for permission to use Dachin-uma kasegi.

• 秩序罰としての過料には、民事上の義務違反に対するもの、民事訴訟上の義務違反に対するもの、行政上の義務違反に対するもの、地方公共団体の条例・規則違反に対するものがある。
• Karyo as Chitsujo-batsu (a punishment for disturbing administrative order) includes a fine for violation of one's obligations or duties in civil affairs, for violation of one's obligations or duties in civil suit, for violation of one's obligations or duties in administrative matters and for violation of local public entities ordinances and regulations.

• 大化の改新以後、一部は廃止されるが残りは再編されて官司に付属され、貢納の一環として宮廷で用いる奢侈品や特殊な技術を必要とする工業製品の生産を義務付けられるようになる。
• Some shinabe were dissolved after the Taika Reforms, while the rest were reorganized to be affiliated with government offices where they were obliged to produce luxury goods used in the Imperial Court and industrial products requiring special techniques as part of tribute.

• 破産管財人が負担付遺贈の履行を受けたときは、その負担した義務の相手方が有する当該負担の利益を受けるべき請求権は、遺贈の目的の価額を超えない限度において、財団債権とする。
• If a bankruptcy trustee has received performance of a testamentary gift with burden, the claim held by the party to whom he/she bears duties to seek the benefit of the burden shall be a claim on the estate.

• 扶養権利者のためにその者の扶養を受ける権利を行使することができる者の範囲及びその行使をすることができる期間並びに前条の扶養義務者の義務の限度は、扶養義務の準拠法による。
• The persons entitled to assert a right to support on a support obligee's behalf and the period during which such right may be exercised, as well as the extent of the obligation of the support obligor set forth in the preceding Article, shall be governed by the law applicable to the support obligation.

• 彼の示す手本や会話が彼とつき合っている人たちに有害な影響を及ぼすようなものだと思うなら、他の人たちに彼に警戒するよう言うのは、私たちの権利でもあり、義務でもあるのです。
• We have a right, and it may be our duty, to caution others against him, if we think his example or conversation likely to have a pernicious effect on those with whom he associates.

• 社会的道徳や他人にたいする義務に関する問題について、公衆の意見、すなわち圧倒的多数派の意見というものは、よく間違えるとはいっても、それでも正しいことのほうが多いのです。
• On questions of social morality, of duty to others, the opinion of the public, that is, of an overruling majority, though often wrong, is likely to be still oftener right;

• 第九十三条第四項の規定により強制管理の開始決定の効力が給付義務者に対して生じたときは、給付請求権に対する仮差押命令であつて既に効力が生じていたものは、その効力を停止する。
• When a commencement order for compulsory administration has become effective against a person obligated to deliver pursuant to the provisions of Article 93(4), the effects of any order of provisional seizure against the delivery claim, which was already effective, shall be suspended.

• 生命、身体、自由、名誉若しくは財産に対し害を加える旨を告知して脅迫し、又は暴行を用いて、人に義務のないことを行わせ、又は権利の行使を妨害した者は、三年以下の懲役に処する。
• A person who, by intimidating another through a threat to another's life, body, freedom, reputation or property or by use of assault, causes the other to perform an act which the other person has no obligation to perform, or hinders the other from exercising his or her rights, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 3 years.

• 前者は荘園住民のうちの上級層にあたり、年貢納入の義務を負う代わりに作人・小百姓らを動員して荘園内の円滑な耕作を行い、更に有力者には荘官の職の体系に補任されることもあった。
• The former group belonged to the upper class which was in charge of the smooth operation of cultivation in shoen by recruiting sakunin and kobyakusho, and some of the influential figures in the group also became a shokan as a part of the managerial side of shoen.

• ただし、唐代の江南では兵役がほぼ免除されていたり、日本では東国（関東地方）ばかりが防人の兵役義務を負っていたなど、必ずしも一律的に兵役が課されていないという実態があった。
• In fact, military service was not equally imposed on the people so that, for example, in Tang China, people in Jiangnan were exempted from almost all of their military services, and in Japan, only the people of the Kanto region were required to serve as frontier guards.

• 豊臣政権によって兵農分離が進められると、武士が兵士としての役目を行うことが原則となるとともに兵糧携帯の義務が廃されて、代わりに兵糧の調達・運搬は農民ら領民の義務とされた。
• When the Toyotomi Administration forwarded heinobunri (a separation of the warrior class in this domain from the soil), samurai (warriors) did their job as soldiers in principle and their obligation to carry army provisions was abolished, and then, instead of that, it became people of the domain like peasants who undertook obligations to supply and transport army provisions.

• 安寧に不可欠とは言わないまでも、有用なある信念があり、そういう信念を支持することが、なにかほかの社会の利害を保護することと同じように、政府の義務なのだと、言われています。
• There are, it is alleged, certain beliefs, so useful, not to say indispensable to well-being, that it is as much the duty of governments to uphold those beliefs, as to protect any other of the interests of society.

• 国家や個人にたいする法的、道徳的な義務を果した後では、どういう楽しみを選ぼうが、どんなふうに収入を使おうが、自分にしか関わりのないことで、自分の判断によるしかないのです。
• Their choice of pleasures, and their mode of expending their income, after satisfying their legal and moral obligations to the State and to individuals, are their own concern, and must rest with their own judgment.

• 保障契約は、当該契約においてタンカー所有者の損害をてん補し、又は賠償の義務の履行を担保する者が船主相互保険組合、保険会社その他の政令で定める者であるものでなければならない。
• For the Contract on Insurance or Other Financial Security, the party who covers the damage of the Tanker Owner or the party who secures the performance of the obligations for damages in that Contract shall be the party such as shipowners' mutual protection and indemnity association, insurance company or other entity specified by a cabinet order.

• 銀行等は、顧客又は代表者等が特定為替取引を行う際に本人確認に応じないときは、当該顧客又は代表者等がこれに応ずるまでの間、当該特定為替取引に係る義務の履行を拒むことができる。
• When customers or Representatives, etc. refuse to provide Identifying Matters in conducting the Specified Exchange Transactions, the Banks, etc. may refuse to fulfill the obligations pertaining to the Specified Exchange Transactions until the customers or the Representatives, etc. provides such matters.

• 前項の条件は、許可又は認可に係る事項の確実な実施を図るため必要な最小限度のものに限り、かつ、当該許可又は認可を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとなるものであつてはならない。
• The conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum required for ensuring successful implementation of the matters concerning the license/permission or approval, and shall not impose any unreasonable obligation on the person who is to obtain the license/permission or approval.

• 巡礼は、体力的、経済的に可能な者に、一生に一度は行なうよう義務付けられている行為であるが、巡礼を果たしたムスリム（イスラム教徒）は、「ハーッジー」と呼ばれ、特に尊敬される。
• The pilgrimage is a duty to be fulfilled at least once during a lifetime for all followers who are physically and financially able, and a Muslim who has completed the pilgrimage is greatly respected and called 'al-haji.'

• 地券は、土地所有を公証し、かつ納税義務者を表示するものとされ、また土地売買の法的手段であるとされたことから、土地の流通および土地金融はすべて地券により行われることとなった。
• Certificate of land title notarized landownership and indicated tax debtors and was regarded as legal measures for selling and buying lands and thus circulation of lands and land finance were all done by certificate of land title.

• 前項に規定する額の収納の事務については、収入の確保及び本人又はその扶養義務者の便益の増進に寄与すると認める場合に限り、政令で定めるところにより、私人に委託することができる。
• The affairs for collections and payments of the amounts prescribed in the preceding paragraph may be entrusted to a private person pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Order only when it is found that such entrustment will contribute to the ensuring of income and promoting convenience and benefits to the concerned persons or their supporter under duty.

• ――つまりそれは我々に関係のないことであり、つまりそれは悪に裁きがくだされたということであり、つまりそれは我々には我々の見失ってはならない義務と目的があるということだった。
• -- that it was no affair of ours, that justice had overtaken a villain, that we had our own duties and our own objects, which were not to be lost sight of .

• この協定に従って与えられる特権及び免除は、イーター機構、事務局長又は職員が第十四条に規定する法令を遵守する義務を減ずるものではなく、又は当該義務に影響を及ぼすものではない。
• The privileges and immunities conferred in accordance with this Agreement shall not diminish or affect the duty of the ITER Organization, the Director-General or the Staff to comply with the laws and regulations referred to in Article 14.

• この附属書に基づいて加盟者及びイーター機構に与えられる知的財産権（特に、すべての許諾される実施権）及び課せられるた義務は、この協定の終了の後又は締約者の脱退の後も存続する。
• The Intellectual Property rights conferred and obligations imposed upon the Members and the ITER Organization by the provisions of this Annex, in particular all granted licenses, shall subsist after the termination of this Agreement, or after the withdrawal of a Party.

• 仮登記は、仮登記の登記義務者の承諾があるとき及び次条に規定する仮登記を命ずる処分があるときは、第六十条の規定にかかわらず、当該仮登記の登記権利者が単独で申請することができる。
• An application for a provisional registration may be filed independently by the person entitled to register regarding said provisional registration, notwithstanding the provision of Article 60, if the person obliged to register regarding the provisional registration gives consent or a disposition to order a provisional registration prescribed in the following Article is made.

• 前項に規定する場合には、相手方は、当該訴訟の口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、再生債務者を被告として、当該訴訟の目的である権利又は義務に係る訴えをこれに併合して提起することができる。
• In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the other party, until the conclusion of the oral argument of the action in question, may file another action pertaining to the right or obligation that is the subject matter of said action, designating the rehabilitation debtor as a defendant, by consolidating these actions.

• 前条第四号に掲げる場合であることを文書の提出義務の原因とする文書提出命令の申立ては、書証の申出を文書提出命令の申立てによってする必要がある場合でなければ、することができない。
• No petition for an order to submit a document may be filed on the grounds that the document falls under any of the categories listed in item (iv) of the preceding Article, unless it is necessary to make a request for examination of documentary evidence by way of a petition for an order to submit a document.

• 前項に規定する場合において、当該分配を受けた組合員は、分配額が分配可能額を超過した額（同項の義務を履行した額を除く。）を限度として、連帯して、組合の債務を弁済する責任を負う。
• In cases under the preceding paragraph, the partners who receive such distribution are jointly liable for repayment of the Partnership's obligations only to the extent of the excess of the Distributed Amount over the Distributable Amount (except for the amount that has been paid by such partners under the preceding paragraph).

• 前二項の条件は、指定又は許可に係る事項の確実な実施を図るため必要な最小限度のものに限り、かつ、指定又は許可を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとならないものでなければならない。
• The conditions set forth in the two preceding paragraphs shall be limited to the minimum necessary to ensure the enforcement of matters pertaining to the designation or permission, and shall not impose an undue obligation on the person obtaining the designation or permission.

• 前項の条件は、公共の安全の維持又は災害の発生の防止を図るため必要な最少限度のものに限り、かつ、許可又は承認を受ける者に不当の義務を課することとならないものでなければならない。
• The condition set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be restricted to the necessary minimum for the maintenance of public safety or the prevention of disasters and shall not impose undue obligations upon the applicant for permission or approval.

• この後幕府は、17世紀中葉までに、武家諸法度の発布や参勤交代の義務化、有力大名の改易などを通して、諸大名との主従制を確固たるものとし、朝廷統制を強め、幕府官僚機構を整備した。
• After this, the bakufu solidified the master-servant relationship with each daimyo by around the middle of 17th century, through enacting Buke shohatto (laws for the military households), making Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) obligatory, and conducting Kaieki operations (forfeiting the rank of samurai and properties) for powerful daimyo, strengthened control of the Imperial Court, and established its government officer system.

• 第一項の規定による特別徴収義務者に対する通知（特定年金保険者に係るものに限る。）は、当該年度の初日の属する年の七月三十一日までに、社会保険庁長官を経由してしなければならない。
• A notification to a Person Under Obligation of Special Collection pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) (limited to notifications pertaining to a Specified Pension Insurer) shall be issued by the secretary of a Social Insurance Agency by July 31 of the year that includes the first day of said fiscal year.

• 第百三十六条第四項から第六項までの規定は、前項の規定による特別徴収義務者に対する通知について準用する。この場合において、これらの規定に関し必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 136, paragraph (4) to paragraph (6) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a notification to a Person Under Obligation of Special Collection pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph. In this case, the necessary technical replacement of the terms of these provisions shall be provided by a Cabinet Order.

• 思想家としては、どんな結論にたどり着くにしろ、そこまで自分の知性に従っていくことが自分の第一の義務だということを認めないなら、だれであれ偉大な思想家にはなることができません。
• No one can be a great thinker who does not recognise, that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead.

• 建物を新築する場合における不動産工事の先取特権の保存の登記については、当該建物の所有者となるべき者を登記義務者とみなす。この場合においては、第二十二条本文の規定は、適用しない。
• When making a registration for preservation of a statutory lien on construction work for real property in the case of constructing a new building, the person who is to be the owner of the building shall be deemed to be the person obliged to register. In this case, the provision of the main clause of Article 22 shall not apply.

• 新設分割株式会社　新設分割により新設分割設立会が承継した新設分割株式会社の権利義務その他の新設分割に関する事項として法務省令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録
• Splitting Stock Company(ies) in Incorporation-type Company Split:　documents or Electromagnetic Records that state or record the rights and obligations that the Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split succeeded to by transfer from the Splitting Stock Company(ies) in Incorporation-type Company Split through the Incorporation-type Company Split and any other matters prescribed by the applicable Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice as those concerning an Incorporation-type Company Split; and

• 第一項に規定する義務は、免除することができない。ただし、当該給付をした日における給付可能額を限度として当該義務を免除することについて総受益者の同意がある場合は、この限りでない。
• No release may be granted for the liability prescribed in paragraph (1); provided, however, that this shall not apply where all beneficiaries consent to grant a release from said liability up to the maximum distributable amount as of the day on which the distribution was made.

• 一般船舶の一般船舶所有者等が当該一般船舶に積載されていた燃料油による一般船舶油濁損害の賠償の責めに任ずる場合において、その賠償の義務の履行により当該一般船舶所有者等に生ずる損害
• In the case Owner of General Ship of a General Ship are responsible for compensation of General Ship Oil Pollution Damage by the Bunker Oil loaded in the said General Ship, the damage incurred by the said Owner of General Ship by performance of the obligations for compensation of the damage.

• 現在、本葛には、原料原産地名の表示義務がない為、本葛の表示があっても国産とは限らないのが現状、商品内容表示に原料原産地名の表示のない物については、外国産が混じっていると言える。
• Currently, as there is no obligation for hon-kuzu concerning the indication of the raw materials and the place of origin, the indication of hon-kuzu may not guarantee that it is a domestic product, which means that products without description concerning its raw materials and the place of its origin on its product information label may be mingled with those made in foreign countries.

• また、鎌倉時代の御家人の3大義務であった大犯三ヶ条（大番催促、謀反人・殺害人の検断）に加えて、刈田狼藉の取締も守護の役務となり、荘園領主は守護の立入を拒むことができなくなった。
• Moreover, in addition to the Taibon sankajo, the three great duties (of answering the call to guard Kyoto, and of hunting down traitors and assassins) required of the gokenin (lower retainers) during the Kamakura period, the shugo were also tasked with protecting the rice fields from those who sought to avoid tax by harvesting rice illegally, and as time passed the rightful owners of the estates could no longer dare refuse to hire a shugo for their lands.

• 令規定に毎年八月末日までに京に進上するべく義務づけられた計帳とはこの目録を指し、京都ではこれによって毎年の歳入予定を知るとともに、全国の口数、特に課口数を掌握していたのである。
• These mokuroku were keicho that were required by law to be submitted to Kyoto no later than the end of the eighth month every year, and Kyoto planned the revenue for each year and for the number of households (especially households bearing duties) throughout Japan with mokuroku.

• 国家の能率を上げようと思うならば、他の人が育てた人を探すかわりに組織立って協調して有能な人物を作ることが、私たちの機会であると同様に義務であることを十分に悟らなければならない。
• It is only when we fully realize that our duty, as well as our opportunity, lies in systematically cooperating to train and to make this competent man, instead of in hunting for a man whom some one else has trained, that we shall be on the road to national efficiency.

• 吸収分割株式会社　吸収分割により吸収分割承継会社が承継した吸収分割株式会社の権利義務その他の吸収分割に関する事項として法務省令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録
• Splitting Stock Company in Absorption-type Company Split:　documents or Electromagnetic Records that state or record the rights and obligations that the Succeeding Company in Absorption-type Company Split succeeded to by transfer from the Splitting Stock Company in Absorption-type Company Split through the Absorption-type Company Split and any other matters prescribed by the applicable Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice as those concerning an Absorption-type Company Split; and

• 消費貸借によらないで金銭その他の物を給付する義務を負う者がある場合において、当事者がその物を消費貸借の目的とすることを約したときは、消費貸借は、これによって成立したものとみなす。
• In cases where any person has an obligation to provide money or other things under any arrangement which is not a loan for consumption, if the parties agree to regard such things as the subject matter of a loan for consumption, it shall be deemed that this establishes a loan for consumption.

• 扶養義務は、扶養権利者の常居所地法によつて定める。ただし、扶養権利者の常居所地法によればその者が扶養義務者から扶養を受けることができないときは、当事者の共通本国法によつて定める。
• The obligation of support shall be governed by the law of the habitual residence of the support obligee; provided, however, that if the support obligee is unable, under the law of his/her habitual residence, to obtain support from the support obligor, the law of their common nationality shall govern.

• 1671年（寛文11年）幕府は宗門人別改帳の作成を義務付け、原則として特定の仏教寺院（不受不施派を除く檀那寺、藩によっては神社もあった）に属する寺請制度とともに宗門改が確立した。
• With the 1671 bakufu decree that made it mandatory to create Shumon-Ninbetsu-Aratame-Cho, the system of shumon aratame was completed together with the terauke seido, where Shogunal subjects were required to belong, in principle, to specific temples (family temples excluding the Fujufuse School, and sometimes shrines, depending on the domain).

• 新渡戸は近代において人間が陥りやすい拝金主義や唯物主義の根っこにある個人主義に対して、封建時代の武士は（封建）社会全体への義務を負う存在として己を認識していたことを指摘している。
• Nitobe pointed out that while people could easily become individualistic which underlied mammonism and materialism in modern times, samurais in the feudal period recognized themselves as an existence that was responsible to the whole (feudal) society.

• 両線とも、古都と言う土地柄ゆえに、開削工法を採用した工区の多くで、文化財保護法によって工事着工前に埋蔵文化財（遺跡）の発掘調査が義務づけられ、そのための経費と期間が必要になった。
• Both lines, which run in the ancient capital, have suffered financial and time burdens because, prior to railroading, research on the buried cultural properties (archaeological sites) was required by the Cultural Assets Preservation Act at many of the sites where the company had decided to employ the open-cut method.

• なお「掛持ち地頭」の勤務形態になって以降、基本的には地頭は城下に滞在し行政は地元の郷士に任せていたが、藩法上、地頭は就任から4年～5年以内に1回目の現地視察を義務づけられていた。
• After the part-time land steward system was introduced, land stewards normally stayed in areas around the castle, delegating administrative authority to indigenous samurai living in local communities, but they were obligated to inspect their territories within four to five years after their appointment as land stewards.

• 合併又は分割により成立した医療保険者、合併又は分割後存続する医療保険者及び解散をした医療保険者の権利義務を承継した医療保険者に係る納付金の額の算定の特例については、政令で定める。
• Exceptions to the calculation of the amount of Levy pertaining to a medical insurer that is incorporated by merger or split, a medical insurer remaining after a merger or split, or a medical insurer that has succeeded to the rights and obligations of a dissolved medical insurer, shall be determined by a Cabinet Order.

• 私たちの意見が誤っているかもしれないというので、その意見に基づいて行動してはならないのなら、自分たちの利害を気づかうことなく、また自分の義務を果すことなく放置しなければならない。
• If we were never to act on our opinions, because those opinions may be wrong, we should leave all our interests uncared for, and all our duties unperformed.

• おまえらが勇敢な仲間として、義務を果たしてくれることを望んでるぞとか、おまえらがリオや黄金海岸のくずってことは承知してるがなとか、反抗しようものなら引き裂くぞといったものでした。
• said he hoped they would do their duty like gallant hearties, but that he knew they were the scum of Rio and the Gold Coast, and if they snapped at him he would tear them.

• イーター機構及び加盟者は、実施権に関する取決めの交渉を行う場合には、必要に応じて、当該取決めの実施から生ずるそれぞれの責任、権利及び義務を規律する適切な規定を当該取決めに含める。
• When negotiating license arrangements, the ITER Organization and the Members shall, as appropriate, include suitable provisions governing their respective liabilities, rights and obligations arising from the execution of those license arrangements.

• 開示義務者（前条第二項第二号に掲げる者をいう。以下同じ。）は、財産開示期日に出頭し、債務者の財産（第百三十一条第一号又は第二号に掲げる動産を除く。）について陳述しなければならない。
• A person obliged to disclose (meaning the person set forth in paragraph (2)(ii) of the preceding Article; the same shall apply hereinafter) shall appear on the property disclosure date and make a statement on the property (excluding the movables set forth in Article 131(i) or (ii)) of the obligor.

• 当該金融商品取引業者が、その承認の申請の時においてその脱退しようとする基金に対し会員として負担する債務を完済しており、かつ、前項に規定する義務を履行することが確実と見込まれること。
• said Financial Instruments Business Operator has repaid in full the obligation it has borne as a member to a Fund from which it intends to withdraw, by the time of filing an application for approval, and is expected to certainly perform the obligation prescribed in the preceding paragraph; and

• 更には神殿で行なわれる祭祀に教導職である僧侶の参列と拝礼を義務付けた為に仏教勢力の一部を激しく怒らせる結果となった（又、その反面に幟を掲げるなどして熱烈な祝福を示した僧侶もいた）。
• Furthermore, Kyobusho enforced attendance and religious services at rituals performed at the shrine on the Buddhist priests who were Kyodoshoku, which made part of Buddhist power furious (on the other hand, some Buddhist priests fervently celebrated them by setting up a flag).

• さらに講武所の設置と前後して、安政2年（1855年）9月には徒士、安政3年（1856年）1月には小十人に対して砲術師範の江川英敏への入門が義務付けされ、洋式銃砲の訓練が始められた。
• In November 1855, about the same time as the establishment of kobu-jo, kachi (Foot Guards) was obliged to study gunnery, while Kojunin (Escort Guard) was obliged to study gunnery in February 1856, under 江川英敏 who was the grandmaster of gunnery, thus, the training of western-style gunnery was commenced.

• そしてこの許可の代償として、こうした企業は政府との同意書に署名しなくてはならず、その同意書はその企業たちに、2年以内に製品に「キーリカバリ」を含めるよう義務づけるものとなっていた。
• The catch is that these companies would have to sign an agreement with the government, obligating them to install 'key recovery' into their products within two years.

• だから、課税において、消費者がもっともうまく倹約できるのは何かを考え、なににもまして、適量を越えて使用するのが明かに有害だと思われるものを優先的に選択するのは、国家の義務なのです。
• It is hence the duty of the State to consider, in the imposition of taxes, what commodities the consumers can best spare; and a fortiori, to select in preference those of which it deems the use, beyond a very moderate quantity, to be positively injurious.

• 指図債権の債務者は、その証書の所持人並びにその署名及び押印の真偽を調査する権利を有するが、その義務を負わない。ただし、債務者に悪意又は重大な過失があるときは、その弁済は、無効とする。
• The obligor of any debt payable to order shall have the right, but not the obligation, to examine the authenticity of the identity of the bearer of the relevant certificate and the signature and seal affixed thereon; provided, however, that the performance of the applicable obligation shall be void if the obligor has knowledge or is grossly negligent.

• 世界各国の国立中央図書館は、法律などによって定められた納本制度によって出版者に特定の図書館に出版物を納めることを義務付け、一国内の出版物を網羅的に収集することを重要な役割としている。
• One of the primary functions of national libraries around the world is to mandate that all publications must be deposited in designated libraries based on the Legal Deposit System as stipulated in a law, etc., and to compile a comprehensive collection of materials published in their respective countries.

• 保護は、要保護者、その扶養義務者又はその他の同居の親族の申請に基いて開始するものとする。但し、要保護者が急迫した状況にあるときは、保護の申請がなくても、必要な保護を行うことができる。
• The provision of public assistance shall start based on an application filed by a person requiring public assistance, a person responsible for his/her support or any other relative living together; provided, however, that necessary public assistance may be provided without an application therefore when a person requiring public assistance is under urgent circumstances.

• 合併後存続する信託会社又は合併により設立する信託会社は、合併により消滅する信託会社の業務に関し、当該信託会社が内閣総理大臣による認可その他の処分に基づいて有していた権利義務を承継する。
• A Trust Company surviving a merger or a Trust Company incorporated in a merger shall succeed to the rights and obligations which the Trust Company extinguished in the merger had held in regard to business, based on authorization from or any other disposition made by the Prime Minister.

• 当該商品取引員が、その承認の申請の時においてその脱退しようとする委託者保護基金に対し会員として負担する債務を完済しており、かつ、前項に規定する義務を履行することが確実と見込まれること。
• Said Futures Commission Merchant has completely repaid to the Consumer Protection Fund, from which it intends to withdraw, the liabilities it has borne as a member by the time of filing such application for approval and said Futures Commission Merchant is expected to perform the obligation prescribed in the preceding paragraph without fail.

• 設定行為又は設定後の契約により、承役地の所有者が自己の費用で地役権の行使のために工作物を設け、又はその修繕をする義務を負担したときは、承役地の所有者の特定承継人も、その義務を負担する。
• If the owner of servient land has assumed obligations to install or repair structures for the exercise of a servitude at his/her own expense by the act establishing the servitude or by a contract executed after the same, specific successors of the owner of the servient land shall also assume those obligations.

• 扶養の程度又は方法について、当事者間に協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、扶養権利者の需要、扶養義務者の資力その他一切の事情を考慮して、家庭裁判所が、これを定める。
• If agreement has not, or cannot be, reached between the parties with respect to the extent and form of support, the family court shall determine such matters, considering the needs of the person entitled to support, the financial capacity of the person under a duty to give support, and any other related circumstances.

• 当該不利益処分の性質上、それによって課される義務の内容が著しく軽微なものであるため名あて人となるべき者の意見をあらかじめ聴くことを要しないものとして政令で定める処分をしようとするとき。
• when rendering Adverse Dispositions, which are specified by a Cabinet Order as being not subject to the requirement to hear the opinion of those who will become the subject parties owing to the fact that, in light of the nature of such Dispositions, the contents of the duties imposed by such Dispositions are extremely slight.

• その一方で半済令を盾に所領を占拠してその年貢収入の全てを握っていた武家に対してもその半分の支配権が公に認められた代わりに残り半分に相当する年貢を必ず本所に供出する義務を負う事となった。
• Samurai families who had occupied territories and monopolized income from nengu, on the other hand, were obliged to contribute half of their income to the honjo without question in exchange for official approval of their supremacy over the remaining half of their territories.

• これにより台湾の教育制度は完全に統一され、特殊な台湾原住民を対象とする教育以外、中央或いは地方財政で学校が運営され8歳以上14歳未満の学童に対し6年制の義務教育が行われるようになった。
• In this way, the education system in Taiwan was finally unified and all schools (except for a few aboriginal education) were operated by central and local budget with six year compulsory education introduced for children aged from 8 to 13.

• 前項の条件又は期限は、許可又は認可に係る事項の確実な実施を図るため必要な最小限度のものに限り、かつ、当該許可又は認可を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとならないものでなければならない。
• The conditions or due date in the preceding paragraph shall be minimum required to secure execution of matters pertaining to the said permissions or approvals and shall not impose unreasonable obligations to the recipients of the said permissions or approvals.

• この条約は、国際連含憲章に基づく締結国の権利及び義務又は国際の平和及び安全を維持する国際連合の責任に対しては、どのような影響も及ぼすものではなく、また、及ぼすものと解釈してはならない。
• This Treaty does not affect and shall not be interpreted as affecting in any way the rights and obligations of the Parties under the Charter of the United Nations or the responsibility of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security.

• 前条第一項に規定する場合において、当該場合に該当することにつき善意の投資主は、当該投資主が交付を受けた金銭について、同項の金銭を支払つた業務執行者からの求償の請求に応ずる義務を負わない。
• In the case referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, Investors who are without knowledge of falling under said case shall, with regard to the monies received thereby, not be obliged to respond to a request for remedy that the Executing Person who paid such monies under that paragraph makes against such Investors.

• 法律上の原因なく他人の財産又は労務によって利益を受け、そのために他人に損失を及ぼした者（以下この章において「受益者」という。）は、その利益の存する限度において、これを返還する義務を負う。
• A person who has benefited (hereinafter in this Chapter referred to as 'beneficiary') from the property or labor of others without legal cause and has thereby caused loss to others shall assume an obligation to return that benefit, to the extent the benefit exists.

• 役員が欠けた場合又はこの法律若しくは定款で定めた役員の員数が欠けた場合には、任期の満了又は辞任により退任した役員は、新たに選任された役員が就任するまで、なお役員としての権利義務を有する。
• Where there are no officers in office, or where there is a vacancy which results in a shortfall in the number of officers prescribed in this Act or the association of formation, an officer who has retired from office due to the expiration of his/her term of office or resignation shall continue to have the rights and obligations of an officer until a newly elected officer assumes his/her office.

• 日本の歴史上の領主はヨーロッパの農奴制における領主のように無制限に所領の土地と人民を私有財産として所有したのではなく、徴税権・支配権にかかわる一定の権利義務の体系を所持した存在であった。
• Territorial lords in Japanese history were not like those under the serf system in Europe who owned the land and people in his or her territory as his or her private property without any restrictions, but possessed a system of certain rights and responsibilities concerning tax-collecting and territory-control.

• その後、再びこの制は途絶えていたが、徳川家綱の代に入った寛文4年4月5日 (旧暦)に全ての大名に対して寛文朱印状が交付され（寛文朱印改）、同年に宗門改が全ての領主に対して義務付けられた。
• Although the practice was once again discontinued in later years, it re-emerged when Shogun Ietsuna TOKUGAWA issued on April 5, 1664 (based on the older calendar), the Kanbun Shuinjo (a vermillion seal letter) to all daimyos (Kanbun no Shuin Aratame), requiring all lords to organize inquisitions for suppressing Christianity in the same year.

• ある人間が他人を宗教的な人間にすべしという義務を負っているという観念が、これまで犯されたあらゆる宗教的迫害の基礎でしたし、それが許容されなら、そういう迫害を完全に正当化することでしょう。
• The notion that it is one man's duty that another should be religious, was the foundation of all the religious persecutions ever perpetrated, and if admitted, would fully justify them.

• 氏はさらに、ローマの力が絶頂に達したのは、どの市民も国家のために戦うべき義務を知っているときであり、その義務がもはや顧みられなくなるとすぐ、没落が始まったことを、付け加えるべきだった。」
• He might well have added that the Roman power was at its zenith when every citizen acknowledged his liability to fight for the State, but that it began to decline as soon as this obligation was no longer recognized.'

• 新設分割設立株式会社が新設分割に際して新設分割会社に対してその事業に関する権利義務の全部又は一部に代わる当該新設分割設立株式会社の社債等を交付するときは、当該社債等についての次に掲げる事項
• if the Stock Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split is to deliver to shareholders of the Splitting Company(ies) in Incorporation-type Company Split Bonds, etc. of the Stock Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split in lieu of all or part of the rights and obligations in connection with the business thereof when effecting the Incorporation-type Company Split, the following matters concerning such Bonds, etc.:

• 前項の条件は、当該指定、認可又は許可に係る事項の確実な実施を図るため必要な最小限度のものに限り、かつ、当該指定、認可又は許可を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとなるものであつてはならない。
• The conditions under the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum necessary for ensuring the sound implementation of the matters pertaining to the designation, authorization, or permission, and shall not impose undue obligations on the person who receives said designation, authorization, or permission.
• The conditions under the preceding paragraph shall be within its minimum necessity for attempting certain implementation of matters with respect to the said designation, approval or permission, and shall not impose unreasonable obligations on those who are subject to the said designation, approval or permission.

• 保障契約は、当該契約において一般船舶所有者等の損害をてん補し、又は賠償の義務の履行及び費用の支払を担保する者が船主相互保険組合、保険会社その他の政令で定める者であるものでなければならない。
• For the Contract on Insurance or Other Financial Security, the party who covers the damage of the Owner of General Ship or the party who secures the performance of the obligations for damages in that Contract shall be the party such as shipowners' mutual protection and indemnity association, insurance company or other entity specified by a cabinet order.

• 特定目的会社の発行に係る優先出資につき第一項の登記の時において前条第四項の規定による払込みがされていないものがあるときは、取締役は、連帯して、当該払込みがされていない額を支払う義務を負う。
• If payment under the provisions of paragraph (4) of the preceding Article remains incomplete for the Preferred Equity issued by a Specific Purpose Company at the time of the registration set forth in paragraph (1), the incorporators and the directors shall jointly and severally have an obligation to pay the amount that remains unpaid.

• 元来は務めるところという字義どおり仕事・職務を意味しており、『続日本紀』に事例を見出せるが、平安時代の荘園公領制の展開に伴い、荘園や公領の管理とこれに付随する権利・義務を表すようになった。
• It originally meant job and duty as the Chinese character 所務 literally means (where a person works), an example of which was shown in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued); and in the Heian period, as shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates) developed, it came to mean the management of private estates and public lands and rights and obligations involved.

• すなわち本来、『万国公法』をはじめとする近代国際法は、国家間の権利や義務を規定するものであるのに、まるで全世界の国々が遵守すべき普遍的・形而上的な規範として理解されるようになったのである。
• Namely, although modern international law including 'Bankoku Koho' is such that prescribes rights and obligations between nations, it was understood to be such that was universal and metaphysical rule which should be abided by nations all over the world.

• ここに荘園制度を完全に崩壊し、石高制による近世的土地所有を実現し、農民には耕作権を認めるとともに年貢を納める義務を負わせるとともに、大名には所領をあてがうとともに、改易や国替を可能とした。
• With the complete collapse of the manorial system, early-modern land holding based on the Kokudaka system was granted, and peasants assumed obligations to pay nengu in return for the right to cultivate, while the daimyo obtained territories in exchange for Kaieki (to forfeit rank of samurai and properties) and Kunigae (to transfer a daimyo from one fief to another).

• 第一項の規定による特別徴収義務者に対する通知（地方公務員共済組合に係るものに限る。）は、当該年度の初日の属する年の七月三十一日までに、地方公務員共済組合連合会を経由してしなければならない。
• A notification to a Person Under Obligation of Special Collection pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) (limited to those pertaining to a Local Public Service Mutual Aid Association) shall be issued by the Pension Fund Association for Local Government Officials by July 31 of the year that includes the first day of said fiscal year.

• 満十四歳以上の児童で、学校教育法第九十六条の規定により、義務教育の課程又はこれと同等以上と認める課程を修了した者については、第三十四条第一項第三号から第五号までの規定は、これを適用しない。
• The provisions of Article 34 paragraph (1) items (iii) to (v) inclusive shall not apply to a child of 14 years of age or more who completed the course of compulsory education or a course that is found equivalent or superior thereto pursuant to the provision of Article 96 of the School Education Act.

• 破産者に対して継続的給付の義務を負う双務契約の相手方は、破産手続開始の申立て前の給付に係る破産債権について弁済がないことを理由としては、破産手続開始後は、その義務の履行を拒むことができない。
• The counter party to a bilateral contract who has an obligation to provide continuous performance to the bankrupt, after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, may not refuse to perform the obligation on the grounds that no payment is made with regard to the bankruptcy claim arising from the performance provided prior to the filing of a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.

• 第一項の規定により報告を求められた者が、未成年者（営業に関し成年者と同一の行為能力を有する者を除く。）又は成年被後見人である場合においては、その法定代理人が本人に代わって報告する義務を負う。
• When a person who has been requested to report pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) is a minor (excluding those who have the same capacity as adults with regard to work) or an adult ward, the statutory representative thereof shall be obliged to report in lieu of the person in question.

• 前各号に掲げるもののほか、許諾を得ないレコードの複製からのレコード製作者の保護に関する条約（第百二十一条の二第二号において「レコード保護条約」という。）により我が国が保護の義務を負うレコード
• in addition to those listed in the preceding five items, phonograms which Japan has an obligation to protect under Article 121-2, item (ii) of the Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their Phonograms (referred to as "the Phonograms Convention").

• 合併後存続する監査法人又は合併により設立する監査法人は、当該合併により消滅した監査法人の権利義務（当該監査法人が行うその業務に関し、行政庁の処分に基づいて有する権利義務を含む。）を承継する。
• An audit corporation surviving a merger or an audit corporation incorporated as a result of a merger shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the audit corporation that became extinct through said merger (including rights and obligations based on a disposition issued by an administrative agency with regard to the services provided by said audit corporation).

• 伊沢は日本内地でも実現していなかった義務教育の採用を上申し、総督府もその提言を受け入れて同年、台北市芝山岩に最初の近代教育を行う小学校（現在の台北市士林国小）を設置、義務教育の実験校とした。
• Izawa proposed to implement compulsory education in Taiwan, which had not been implemented even in Japan, and the Sotoku-fu accepted his proposal and established an elementary school in Zhishanyan, Taipei (today's Shilin elementary school in Taipei) as an experimental school for compulsory education.

• 同時に新渡戸にとって武士は国際社会において日本人の倫理感の高さ、国民一人一人が社会全体への義務を負うように教育されていると説明するのに最適のモデルであったとするのが今日の一般的な見方である。
• Also it is generally considered today that in international society the samurai was the best model for Nitobe to explain the high ethics view of Japanese and that every Japanese was educated to be responsible to the whole of society.

• なお、裁判員制度において裁判員（又は裁判員候補者）の虚偽記載や出頭義務違反等に科される過料（裁判員の参加する刑事裁判に関する法律82条、83条）は、この懲戒罰としての過料に当たると解される。
• In addition, Karyo imposed on Saiban-in (Lay Judge) (or prospective lay judges) due to false statements and a violation on duty of appearance under Saiban-in System is considered as chokai-batsu. (The Law of Criminal Suit in which Lay Judge participated, Article 82, 83.)

• 会符の付いた荷物は宿駅の人馬を利用する際に幕府が定めた御定賃銭（おさだめちんせん）で輸送を受けられる特権を有した（なお、徳川将軍家の荷物（将軍家御用物）は無賃での輸送が義務付けられていた）。
• The Edo bakufu's official rate applied to the baggage with efu when human resources and horses were needed at shukueki (relay stations) (Tokugawa Shogunate Family's baggage [the Shogun Family's official baggage] had to be transported for free).

• 第一項の規定による特別徴収義務者に対する通知（社会保険庁長官及び特定年金保険者並びに地方公務員共済組合に係るものを除く。）は、当該年度の初日の属する年の八月三十一日までにしなければならない。
• A notification issued to a Person Under Obligation of Special Collection pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) (except for a notification pertaining to the secretary of a Social Insurance Agency, a Specified Pension Insurer, or a Local Public Service Mutual Aid Association) shall be issued by August 31 of the year that includes the first day of said fiscal year.

• 前項の規定によつて督促するときは、政府は、納付義務者に対して督促状を発する。この場合において、督促状により指定すべき期限は、督促状を発する日から起算して十日以上経過した日でなければならない。
• When the government makes a demand pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, it shall deliver a written demand to the person liable for the payment. In this case, the payment due date to be designated in the written demand shall be the day on which 10 days or more have elapsed from the day the written demand is delivered.

• ――たとえば政府に対し、コンピュータに入念な RFI テストを義務づけさせたり、ポケットが深くない限り、複雑すぎて1から実装するのが実質的に不可能な「合意に基づく」規格を作ったりするわけだ。
• ?for example, by convincing governments to require elaborate RFI testing on computers, or by creating `consensus' standards which are so complex that they cannot be implemented effectively from scratch without large resources.

• 届出事業者は、型式届出特定特殊自動車について、前条第二項の規定による義務を履行したときは、当該型式届出特定特殊自動車に主務省令で定める表示（以下「基準適合表示」という。）を付することができる。
• When the notified business operator has complied with his duty as prescribed in Paragraph 2 of the preceding Article in respect to the type of notified non-road special motor vehicle, he/she may affix an indication as specified in the Ordinance of the competent ministry (hereinafter to be referred to as 'indication showing compliance with standards') on the type of notified non-road special motor vehicle concerned.

• この法律の規定による許可、認可又は承認には、都市計画上必要な条件を附することができる。この場合において、その条件は、当該許可、認可又は承認を受けた者に不当な義務を課するものであつてはならない。
• Conditions necessary from the standpoint of city planning may be attached to permission, approval and recognition given pursuant to the provisions of this Act. In this case, the conditions must not be such so as to impose unjust obligations upon persons who have obtained the relevant permission, approval or recognition.

• 信託法第三十六条（信託事務の処理の状況についての報告義務）、第三十八条（帳簿等の閲覧等の請求）及び第三十九条（他の受益者の氏名等の開示の請求）の規定は、受益証券の権利者については、適用しない。
• The provisions of Article 36 (Duty to Report on the Processing Status of Trust Affairs), Article 38 (Request to Inspect, etc. the Books, etc.) and Article 39 (Request for Disclosure of the Name, etc. of Another Beneficiary) of the Trust Act shall not apply to a Beneficiary Certificate Holder.

• また第二次世界大戦の敗戦国である日本の場合、かつて戦時国際法上、個人に対する戦争被害を敗戦国が補償する義務がなく、また連合国側が軍票の支払い義務を免除したため、後に国際問題になったことがある。
• When Japan was defeated in World War II, according to the international law of war at that time, defeated countries were not required to compensate for individual war damage and the Allies exempted Japan from the payment, which led to an international problem.

• 前項の条件は、当該許可の趣旨に照らして、又は当該許可に係る事項の確実な実施を図るために必要な最小限度のものに限り、かつ、当該許可を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとなるものであつてはならない。
• The conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum necessary in view of the purpose of the license concerned or for ensuring the implementation of matters related to the license concerned, and shall not be such as to impose any undue obligation upon the person who is granted the license.

• 内国法人は、国内において内国法人課税所得の支払を受けるとき又はその引受けを行う法人課税信託の信託財産に帰せられる外国法人課税所得の支払を受けるときは、この法律により、所得税を納める義務がある。
• A domestic corporation shall be liable to pay income tax pursuant to this Act when it receives, in Japan, payment of taxable income of a domestic corporation, or receives payment of taxable income of a foreign corporation attributed to the trust property under a trust subject to corporation taxation for which it accepts the position of trustee.

• 外国法人は、外国法人課税所得の支払を受けるとき又はその引受けを行う法人課税信託の信託財産に帰せられる内国法人課税所得の支払を国内において受けるときは、この法律により、所得税を納める義務がある。
• A foreign corporation shall be liable to pay income tax pursuant to this Act when it receives payment of taxable income of a foreign corporation, or receives, in Japan, payment of taxable income of a domestic corporation attributed to the trust property under a trust subject to corporation taxation for which its accepts the position of trustee.

• あなたがたは、彼らすべてに対して、義務を果しなさい。すなわち、貢を納むべき者には貢を納め、税を納むべき者には税を納め、恐るべき者は恐れ、敬うべき者は敬いなさい。 (ローマ人への手紙 13:7)
• Give therefore to everyone what you owe: taxes to whom taxes are due; customs to whom customs; respect to whom respect; honor to whom honor. (Romans 13:7)

• プロジェクトの所有者は開発や保守作業に必要な時間を割けなかったり割く気がなかったりするときには、有能な後継者にプロジェクトを引き継ぐ義務がある。これはこのコミュニティではよく理解されている。
• It is well understood in the community that project owners have a duty to pass projects to competent successors when they are no longer willing or able to invest needed time in development or maintenance work.

• 「国際連合加盟国でない国は、自国が当事者であるいかなる紛争についても、この憲章に定める平和的解決の義務をこの紛争についてあらかじめ受諾すれば、安全保障理事会又は総会の注意を促すことができる。」
• A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may bring to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly any dispute, to which it is a party if it accepts in advance, for the purposes of the dispute, the obligations of pacific settlement provided in the present Chapter.,

• 再生債務者に対して継続的給付の義務を負う双務契約の相手方は、再生手続開始の申立て前の給付に係る再生債権について弁済がないことを理由としては、再生手続開始後は、その義務の履行を拒むことができない。
• The counter party to a bilateral contract who has an obligation to provide continuous performance to the rehabilitation debtor, after the commencement of rehabilitation proceedings, may not refuse to perform the obligation on the grounds that no payment is made with regard to the rehabilitation claim arising from the performance provided prior to the filing of a petition for commencement of rehabilitation proceedings.

• しかし、同条約では日本に対するロシアの賠償金支払い義務はなかった為、日清戦争と比較にならないほど多くの犠牲者や膨大な戦費（対外債務も含む）を支出したにも関わらず、直接的な賠償金が得られなかった。
• However, this treaty didn't mention the Russia's obligation to pay the reparations to Japan, so Japan couldn't directly gain the reparations although it sacrificed a considerable number of victims and a huge amount of war expenditure (including the external debt) incomparable with the Sino-Japanese War.

• なおかつ支配者の統治・命令の絶対性を前提とした前近代の日本（及び東アジア）社会においては、民衆が裁判を請求する権利を否定して支配者が民衆に法的保護を与える義務がないことを認める効果を与えていた。
• Moreover, in the Japanese (and east Asian) society before modern times that premised absoluteness of domination and order by governors, it gave an effect to deny people's right to ask for trial and to confirm that governors had no obligation to give people a legal protection.

• みんなが有害と思うものを禁止することは、誤りから免れていると主張することではなく、誤るかもしれないけれど、自分たちの実直な確信に基づいて行動するという、自分たちに課せられた義務を満すことなのだ。
• To prohibit what they think pernicious, is not claiming exemption from error, but fulfilling the duty incumbent on them, although fallible, of acting on their conscientious conviction.

• 外国等は、法人その他の団体であって次の各号のいずれにも該当するものの社員その他の構成員である場合には、その資格又はその資格に基づく権利若しくは義務に関する裁判手続について、裁判権から免除されない。
• In cases where a Foreign State, etc. is a member or any other constituent member of a juridical person or any other entity that falls under any of the following items, it shall not be immune from jurisdiction with respect to Judicial Proceedings concerning qualification, or the rights or obligations based on such qualification:

• 主務大臣は、特定事業者に対し、第十一条から第十三条までに規定する再商品化義務量の再商品化の実施を確保するため必要があると認めるときは、当該再商品化の実施に関し必要な指導及び助言をすることができる。
• The competent minister may, when he/she finds this necessary to ensure implementation of recycling of the obligatory recycling amount prescribed in Articles 11 to 13 inclusive, provide a Designated Manufacture/User with necessary guidance and advice with regard to the implementation of the recycling.

• 財務大臣は、第一項の規定により資本取引を行うことについて許可を受ける義務を課した場合において、当該義務を課する必要がなくなつたと認めるときは、告示により、速やかに当該義務を解除しなければならない。
• Where the Minister of Finance has imposed, pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), the obligation to obtain permission for conducting capital transactions, he/she shall, when he/she finds that there is no longer a need to impose the obligation, promptly cancel the obligation by a public notice.

• また家元は原則として表千家許状（ゆるしじょう・おゆるし）の発行権を独占しており、中間の師匠は自分より上位の師匠、さらに家元へと許状の発行申請を取次ぎ、御礼（申請のための費用）も上納する義務がある。
• Additionally, the iemoto has an exclusive right to issue the Omote-senke yurushijo (permit) in principle and each instructor is under obligation to submit an application as well as a fee (to cover the processing cost for the application) for a permit for their disciple to their senior instructors as well as the iemoto.

• 1873年（明治6年）に徴兵令が制定され、1889年（明治22年）に国民皆兵が義務付けられ、徴用された成人男子に軍隊が官給品として支給（貸興、給興）し、使用を強制したことで一般化するようになった。
• Ecchu fundoshi became accepted generally, as the Conscription Ordinance was enacted in 1873, the universal conscription was made obligatory in 1889, and the army provided (lent, supplied) it to the conscripted adult males as one of the government-issued supplies and forced them to use it.

• 第一次日英同盟における内容は、締結国が他の1国と交戦した場合は同盟国は中立を守り他国の参戦を防止すること、2国以上との交戦となった場合には同盟国は締結国を助けて参戦することを義務づけたものである。
• The contents of the first Anglo-Japanese Alliance were the following obligations: if either contracting party of the alliance became involved in a war with another country, the other party would maintain neutrality and prevent other countries from joining in the war, and, if either party became involved in a war with two or more countries, the other party would participate in the war to help the ally.

• 古来から従軍する兵士には兵糧携帯の義務があり、律令法においては糒6斗及び塩2升の自弁が定められていたが、実際には60日分に過ぎず、かつ大量の兵糧携帯は場合によっては行軍の妨げになる可能性もあった。
• From ancient times a soldier taking part in a campaign was obliged to carry army provisions and, under Ritsuryo law, they had to pay his own expenses: about 108 liter of dried rice and about 3.6 liter of salt, however, these supply would last only 60 days and carrying a large amount of food could hinder a march.

• 前項の場合において、扶養義務者の負担すべき額について、保護の実施機関と扶養義務者の間に協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、保護の実施機関の申立により家庭裁判所が、これを定める。
• In the case under the preceding paragraph, if the public assistance administrator and the person responsible for support fail to reach an agreement by a conference or are unable to hold a conference with regard to the amount to be borne by the person responsible for support, a family court shall decide on the amount following a motion by the public assistance administrator.

• 前項の条件又は期限は、登録、許可又は認可に係る事項の確実な実施を図るため必要な最小限度のものに限り、かつ、当該登録、許可又は認可を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとならないものでなければならない。
• The conditions or due date in the preceding paragraph shall be minimum required to secure execution of matters pertaining to the said registrations, permissions or approvals and shall not impose unreasonable obligations to the recipients of the said registrations, permissions or approvals.

• 外国投資法人が破産手続開始の決定その他内閣府令で定める事由により解散したときは、破産管財人若しくは清算人又はこれらの者に相当する義務を負う者は速やかに、その旨を内閣総理大臣に届け出なければならない。
• When a Foreign Investment Corporation has been dissolved following a ruling for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings or on other grounds specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance, a bankruptcy trustee, a liquidator, or a person who assumes the obligations equivalent to such persons shall promptly notify the Prime Minister to that effect.

• 前条第二項の規定により供託の義務を負う第三債務者に対する取立訴訟において、原告の請求を認容するときは、受訴裁判所は、請求に係る金銭の支払は供託の方法によりすべき旨を判決の主文に掲げなければならない。
• When upholding the plaintiff's claim in a suit for collection against a third party obligor who is obligated to make a statutory deposit pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, the court in charge of the case shall include a statement to the effect that the payment of money pertaining to the claim shall be made by the method of a statutory deposit in the main text of the judgment.

• 加工食品として販売されている梅干しは、昔ながらの梅干しは「梅干」、水に晒しハチミツ漬などにしてさらに調味されたものは「調味梅干」と表示するようJAS法(品質表示基準制度の名称)に義務づけられている。
• The JAS System under the Law Concerning Standardization and Proper Labeling of Agricultural and Forestry Products (the name of the quality labeling system) makes it obligatory that the umeboshi sold as processed foods are labeled 'umeboshi' when they're old fashioned and 'chomi-umeboshi' when they're seasoned by being soaked in water and pickled in hachimitsu, etc.

• 例えば、後部座席には必ずヘッドレストが設けられており（価格の安い自家用車には設けられていない場合が多い）、他にも前後の間隔やドアーの開口部についても、基準以上の数値を満たすことが義務付けられている。
• For example, the safety standards stipulates that headrests are set up in backseats (but often not set up in inexpensive private cars) and obliges that the separation between the front seat and backseat and the opening of the door, for example, must ensure more than the standards.

• 本人又はその扶養義務者が前項の規定により支払うべき旨を命ぜられた額の全部又は一部を医療機関に支払つたときは、当該医療機関の都道府県に対する当該費用に係る請求権は、その限度において消滅するものとする。
• When the referenced person or his/her supporter under duty has paid the amount ordered to be paid pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, in full or in part, to the Medical Institution, said Medical Institution's right of claim pertaining to the referenced expenses against the prefectural government shall be extinguished to the extent paid as aforesaid.

• 廃止に関連するイーター機構及び接受国のそれぞれの権利及び義務並びにそれらの相互関係の形態は、第十二条に規定する本部協定で定める。イーター機構及び接受国は、本部協定において、特に、次の事項に合意する。
• The respective rights and obligations of the ITER Organization and the Host State and the modalities of their interactions in respect of the decommissioning shall be set out in the Headquarters Agreement referred to in Article 12, under which the ITER Organization and the Host State shall, inter alia, agree that:

• 両締約者は、各々の秘密保持義務を満たすために必要なあらゆる措置に従い、核融合エネルギーの科学的及び技術的側面で相互に興味のある問題に関する情報、文書、研究、報告書を、可能な範囲内で又適宜、交換する。
• The Parties, to the extent practicable and as appropriate, shall exchange information, documents, studies and reports relating to matters of mutual interest in scientific and technological aspects of fusion energy, subject to any measures which may be necessary to meet the respective confidentiality requirements of the Parties.

• 吸収分割承継持分会社が吸収分割に際して吸収分割会社に対してその事業に関する権利義務の全部又は一部に代わる金銭等（吸収分割承継持分会社の持分を除く。）を交付するときは、当該金銭等についての次に掲げる事項
• if the Succeeding Membership Company in Absorption-type Company Split is to deliver to the Splitting Company in Absorption-type Company Split Monies, etc. (excluding the equity interests of the Succeeding Membership Company in Absorption-type Company Split) in lieu of all or part of the rights and obligations in connection with the business thereof when effecting the Absorption-type Company Split, the following matters concerning such Monies, etc.:

• 委員は、委員会により、心身の故障のため職務の執行ができないと認められた場合又は職務上の義務違反その他委員たるに適しない非行があると認められた場合を除いては、在任中、その意に反して罷免されることがない。
• Commissioners shall not be dismissed against their will during their term of office unless they are considered by the Commission that they cannot execute their duty due to their mental or physical trouble or that they commit a violation of duty pertaining to their jobs or other delinquency which is not suitable for a commissioner.

• 債権者が前条第一項各号に掲げる義務に係る金銭債権（金銭の支払を目的とする債権をいう。以下同じ。）を請求する場合における前二項の規定の適用については、前二項中「四分の三」とあるのは、「二分の一」とする。
• With regard to application of the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs in the case of enforcing a monetary claim (meaning a claim for payment of money; the same shall apply hereinafter) pertaining to any of the duties listed in the items of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the term 'three-quarters' in the preceding two paragraphs shall be deemed to be replaced with 'a half.'

• 前項に規定する場合において、前条の手当金の支給を受けるべき者が、同一の事由につき国家賠償法、民法その他の法律による損害賠償を受けたときは、国は、その価額の限度において同条の手当金の支給の義務を免れる。
• In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if a sentenced person to whom compensations prescribed in the preceding Article shall be paid received the compensation for the damage pursuant to the State Redress Act, the Civil Code, or other laws, based on the same grounds, then the State shall be exempt, up to the amount of such payments, from the obligation to pay the compensations prescribed in said Article.

• 財務大臣又は経済産業大臣は、第一項の規定により支払等について許可を受ける義務を課した場合において、当該義務を課する必要がなくなつたと認めるときは、告示により、速やかに当該義務を解除しなければならない。
• Where the Minister of Finance or the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry has imposed the obligation to obtain permission for a payment, etc. pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), he/she shall, when he/she finds that there is no longer a need to impose the obligation, promptly cancel the obligation by a public notice.

• 当該信託の受託者が、資産対応証券に係る有価証券届出書等に記載すべき当該信託に係る信託財産の管理及び処分に関する重要な事項につき知った事実を遅滞なく受益者たる当該特定目的会社に通知する義務を有すること。
• the fact that the trustee of the trust has the obligation to notify the Specific Purpose Company who is the beneficiary, of the facts which the trustee has come to know with regard to important matters concerning the administration and disposition of a trust property pertaining to the trust and which should be stated on the Securities Registration Statements, etc. related to the Asset-Backed Securities without delay;

• 前項の規定により組合員が組合に対して欠損額を支払う義務を負う場合において、当該分配を受けた組合員は、当該欠損額（同項の義務を履行した額を除く。）を限度として、連帯して、組合の債務を弁済する責任を負う。
• If the partners are liable for payment of the Amount of Loss to the Partnership as provided by the preceding paragraph, the partners who receive such distribution will be jointly liable for repayment of the Partnership's obligations only to the extent of the Amount of Loss (except for the amount that has been paid by such partners under the preceding paragraph).

• 新エネルギー・産業技術総合開発機構（以下「旧機構」という。）は、機構の成立の時において解散するものとし、その一切の権利及び義務は、次項の規定により国が承継する資産を除き、その時において機構が承継する。
• The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (hereinafter referred to as the 'former Organization') shall dissolve as of the establishment of NEDO, and NEDO shall succeed to all the rights and obligations of the former Organization as of the time of its establishment, except for those assets to which the State succeeds pursuant to the provisions of the following paragraph.

• 前項の条件は、公共の利益を増進し、又は許可若しくは認可に係る事項の確実な実施を図るため必要な最小限度のものに限り、かつ、当該許可又は認可を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとなるものであつてはならない。
• The conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum required for promoting public interest or ensuring successful implementation of the matters concerning the license/permission or approval, and shall not impose any unreasonable obligation on the person who is to obtain the license/permission or approval.

• 第三条第六項第一号に掲げる場合において、義務付けの訴えは、一定の処分がされないことにより重大な損害を生ずるおそれがあり、かつ、その損害を避けるため他に適当な方法がないときに限り、提起することができる。
• In the case set forth in Article 3, paragraph (6), item (i), a mandamus action may be filed only when any serious damage is likely to be caused if a certain original administrative disposition is not made and there are no other appropriate means to avoid such damage.

• 前項の条件は、当該許可、免許、指定又は登録に係る事項の確実な実施を図るため必要な最少限度のものに限り、かつ、当該許可、免許、指定又は登録を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとなるものであつてはならない。
• The conditions under the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum necessary for the sure implementation of the matters related to said permission, license, designation or registration and shall not be such as to impose unjustifiable obligations on the person obtaining said permission, license, designation or registration.

• もし夫が殴ってくれないのなら――もし夫が、自分の男らしさを、自分の権力を、自分の夫婦生活への関心を、いままでずっと示そうとすら思ったこともないのならば、自分の義務がなんであるかを理解させてやらないと。
• If her man would not strike her--if he would not so far prove his manhood, his prerogative and his interest in conjugal affairs, he must be prompted to his duty.

• 分別基準適合物の再商品化により得られた物を利用することができる事業を行う者は、資源の有効な利用の促進に関する法律（平成三年法律第四十八号）で定めるところにより、これを利用する義務を課せられるものとする。
• Pursuant to the provisions of the Act on the Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, business operators conducting business in which things obtained by recycling waste containers and packaging that conform to the sorting standards may be utilized shall be imposed the obligation to utilize these things.

• 財務大臣は、第一項の規定により支払手段等の輸出又は輸入について許可を受ける義務を課した場合において、当該義務を課する必要がなくなつたと認めるときは、告示により、速やかに当該義務を解除しなければならない。
• Where the Minister of Finance has imposed, pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), the obligation to obtain permission for import or export of the means of payment, etc., he/she shall, when he/she finds that there is no longer a need to impose the obligation, promptly cancel the obligation by a public notice.

• 地域会社はその成立の時において、長距離会社はこの法律の施行の時において、それぞれ、承継計画において定めるところに従い、承継計画において定められた事業並びに当該事業に係る権利及び義務を、会社から承継する。
• The Regional Companies, at the time of incorporation, and the Long-Distance Company, at the effective time of this Act, shall succeed to the businesses, and the rights and obligations related to said businesses under the provisions of each Succeeding Plan from the Company in accordance with the Succeeding Plan.

• 内閣総理大臣は、委員が心身の故障のため職務の執行ができないと認める場合又は委員に職務上の義務違反その他委員たるに適しない非行があると認める場合においては、両議院の同意を得て、これを罷免することができる。
• With consent of both houses of Diet, the Prime Minister may dismiss the Commission Member if the Commission member is recognized as being incapable of performing his/her duties due to physical or mental disability or if recognized as constituting a violation of his/her official obligations or other delinquency inappropriate for a Commission Member.

• これは「夫に妻は身を持って尽くす義務がある」と言う思想（五倫関係の維持）を強調し続けた結果、と現在ではみなされており、儒教を男女同権思想と見るか男尊女卑思想と見るかの論争も度々行われるようになっている。
• This is seen today as a result of continuous emphasis on the thought that 'wives have the obligation to devote themselves to their husbands' (maintenance of the five human relations arranged in order), and it is frequently debated whether Ju-kyo should be considered a thought of equal rights for men and women or a thought of predominance of men over women.

• そして高等教育機関進学や官吏登用では制度的に差別された上、日本人の間には台湾人に対する差別意識も存在しており、それを解消すべく戦時中には皇民化政策により日本人との同化が義務化されるなどの政策が行われた。
• Systematic discrimination existed in the admission to higher educational institutions or for governmental employment and Japanese had a sense of discrimination against Taiwanese, so the government conducted the kominka policy to oblige them to assimilate to Japanese during the war.

• 法第五十二条の規定により承認を受ける義務が課された貨物の輸入（法第十六条第一項の規定により支払等について許可を受ける義務を課する場合と同一の見地から経済産業大臣が当該承認を受ける義務を課したものに限る。）
• Import of goods for which the obligation to obtain approval is imposed pursuant to the provision of Article 52 of the Act (limited to those for which the obligation to obtain approval was imposed by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry from the same viewpoint as that adopted in the cases where he/she imposes, pursuant to the provision of Article 16, paragraph (1) of the Act, the obligation to obtain permission for payment, etc.)

• 経済産業大臣は、第一項の規定により特定資本取引を行うことについて許可を受ける義務を課した場合において、当該義務を課する必要がなくなつたと認めるときは、告示により、速やかに当該義務を解除しなければならない。
• Where the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry has imposed, pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), the obligation to obtain permission for conducting the specified capital transactions, he/she shall, when he/she finds that there is no longer a need to impose the obligation, promptly cancel the obligation by a public notice.

• 業務提供誘引販売業を行う者の責に帰すべき事由により契約が解除された場合における業務提供誘引販売業を行う者の義務に関し、民法に規定するものより業務提供誘引販売取引の相手方に不利な内容が定められていないこと。
• None of the provisions shall be more disadvantageous for the counterparty of Business Opportunity Related Sales Transactions than those prescribed in the Civil Code with regard to the obligations of the person conducting Business Opportunity Related Sales in the case the contract is rescinded due to a cause imputable to the person conducting Business Opportunity Related Sales.

• 室町時代にも荘園は存続したが、中央貴族・寺社・武士・在地領主などの権利・義務が重層的かつ複雑にからむ状況が生まれる一方、自立的に発生した村落＝惣村による自治が出現し、荘園は緩やかに解体への道を歩み始めた。
• Also during the Muromachi period shoens continued, but while the rights and duties of central aristocrats, temples and shrines, samurais, local lords and so on began to be complicated in a multi-layered way, the autonomous control by the independently emerging village = soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) started and shoens began to disappear slowly.

• 私領といってもその地の課税が免除される訳ではないが、国衙は旧来の郡とは別の、新しい徴税単位として、特別な命令書により税を軽減し、開発領主の私領領有を認め、同時に開発領主がその地の納税義務を負うことになる。
• Even though it is called a private estate, it did not mean that one was exempt from tax, but Kokuga were treated differently from former districts as a separate tax unit, lowered tax under a special order, permitted cultivating land owners to have their own private estates, and the kaihatsu-ryoshu gained the responsibility to collect other taxes simultaneously.

• 参勤交代などの江戸幕府の公用のために行う大名行列は幕府によって人数が定められており、1万石の小大名でも50人から100人を引き連れることを義務付けられ、102万石の加賀藩では最盛期に4,000人に及んだ。
• Daimyo-gyoretsu which was carried on for public purpose of Edo bakufu such as Sankinkotai had a fixed number of attendants, so even small feudal lords with only ten thousands Goku crop yields were obligated to take fifty to one hundred attendants, and the number of Kaga domain with one million twenty thousands Goku crop yields reached four thousands attendants at its peak.

• 巡見使は旗本のこうした軍役・奉仕義務を行うための政治的・軍事的な地盤をそれぞれの知行で確立できているかを幕府側が直接確認することを目的としてとして導入されたものであり、参勤交代とは対として考えられていた。
• The office of junkenshi was created for the Edo shogunate to directly inspect the hatamotos whether they had established the political and military foundations in their respective fiefs for providing military service to the shogunate and was regarded as a pair with the Sankinkotai system.

• 前項の条件は、第三十条第一項の許可の趣旨に照らして、又は当該許可に係る事項の確実な実施を図るために必要な最小限度のものに限り、かつ、当該許可を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとなるものであつてはならない。
• The conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum necessary in the light of the purpose of the license provided for in Article 30, paragraph 1 or for achieving the secure implementation of matters pertaining to said license, and shall not impose any undue obligation on the person receiving the license concerned.

• 体の中ではどこか向こう見ずな、想像のなかでみだらなイメージが次から次へと水路を流れるように無秩序に流れていき、義務の束縛から解き放たれた感じ、今まで味わったことのないただ純白とはいえない魂の自由を感じた。
• within I was conscious of a heady recklessness, a current of disordered sensual images running like a mill-race in my fancy, a solution of the bonds of obligation, an unknown but not an innocent freedom of the soul.

• 上記第Ⅱ.1条又は第Ⅱ.3条１項に基づいて、責任を引き受けた財政上の貢献以外の貢献義務を破棄することができる。その場合、機構が破棄された品目を調達するのに十分な追加の資金による貢献を行う義務を引き受ける。
• renounce obligations to contribute in kind for which it had accepted responsibility under II.1 or II.3.1 above, in which case it shall accept the obligation to provide an additional contribution in cash sufficient to enable the Organization to procure the items so renounced;

• また、クワガタムシやカブトムシなどのコガネムシ上科に含まれる昆虫については、外来生物法に基づく輸入規制や証明書の添付義務もありますので、環境省が依頼生物法ホームページにて、輸入に関する手続きをご確認下さい。
• Members of the scarab beetle family, such as the stag beetle and Japanese rhinoceros beetle are further subject to import restrictions stipulated in the Invasive Alien Species Law and require submission of proof of species when importing into Japan. Please consult the Ministry of the Environment's Invasive Alien Species Law homepage for further details and procedures regarding the import of these species into Japan.

• 破産者の義務に属せず、又はその時期が破産者の義務に属しない行為であって、支払不能になる前三十日以内にされたもの。ただし、債権者がその行為の当時他の破産債権者を害する事実を知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
• An act that is not included in the scope of the bankrupt's obligation in terms of the act itself or the time of performance of the act, which was conducted within 30 days before the bankrupt became unable to pay debts; provided, however, that this shall not apply if the creditor did not know, at the time of the act, the fact that it would prejudice other bankruptcy creditors.

• 吸収合併存続金融商品取引所は、効力発生日に、吸収合併消滅金融商品取引所の権利義務（当該吸収合併消滅金融商品取引所がその行う業務に関し、行政官庁の認可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利義務を含む。）を承継する。
• A Financial Instruments Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the Financial Instruments Exchanges Extinguished upon an Absorption-Type Merger (including the rights and obligations which said Financial Instruments Exchanges Extinguished upon an Absorption-Type Merger have in relation to their businesses, under authorization or any other disposition given by government agencies) on the Effective Date.

• 販売業者又は役務提供事業者の責に帰すべき事由により契約が解除された場合における販売業者又は役務提供事業者の義務に関し、民法に規定するものより購入者又は役務の提供を受ける者に不利な内容が定められていないこと。
• None of the provisions shall be more disadvantageous for the purchaser or the service recipient than those prescribed in the Civil Code with regard to the obligations of the seller or the Service Provider in the case the contract is rescinded due to a cause imputable to the seller or the Service Provider.

• この後、朝鮮に拘泥するのは双方の為にならないとした日本と清国の間に1885年4月天津条約が結ばれ、双方とも軍事顧問の派遣中止、軍隊駐留の禁止、止むを得ず朝鮮に派兵する場合の事前通告義務などが取り決められた。
• Saying that it was useless for both to stick to Korea, Japan and Qing Dynasty agreed to the Tientsin Convention in April 1885, which stopped sending military advisers from both nations, banned stationing forces, and obliged prior notification to the other side in case of sending troops to Korea necessarily.

• 前条第一項本文に規定する場合において、当該給付を受けた受益者は、給付額が当該給付をした日における給付可能額を超えることにつき善意であるときは、当該給付額について、受託者からの求償の請求に応ずる義務を負わない。
• In the case prescribed in the main clause of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, if the beneficiary to whom the distribution was made had no knowledge of the fact that the amount of said distribution exceeded the maximum distributable amount as of the day on which said distribution was made, the beneficiary shall not be liable to satisfy the demand by the trustee for reimbursement with regard to the distributed amount.

• 義務なく他人のために事務の管理を始めた者（以下この章において「管理者」という。）は、その事務の性質に従い、最も本人の利益に適合する方法によって、その事務の管理（以下「事務管理」という。）をしなければならない。
• A person who commences the management of a business for another person without being obligated to do so (hereinafter in this Chapter referred to as 'Manager') must manage that business (hereinafter referred to as 'Management of Business') in accordance with the nature of the business, using the method that best conforms to the interests of that another person (the principal).

• 新設合併設立金融商品取引所は、その成立の日に、新設合併消滅金融商品取引所の権利義務（当該新設合併消滅金融商品取引所がその行う業務に関し、行政官庁の認可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利義務を含む。）を承継する。
• A Financial Instruments Exchange Established by a Consolidation-Type Merger shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the Financial Instruments Exchanges Extinguished upon a Consolidation-Type Merger on the day of its establishment (including the rights and obligations which said Financial Instruments Exchange Extinguished upon a Consolidation-Type Merger has in relation to its businesses, under authorization or any other disposition given by government agencies.).

• 特定目的会社は、前項の規定による特定資産の管理及び処分に係る業務の委託に関する契約には、当該業務を委託する相手方（以下この条において「受託者」という。）が次に掲げる義務を有する旨の条件を付さなければならない。
• With regard to a contract for entrustment of business pertaining to administration and disposition of Specified Assets as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, a Specific Purpose Company shall attach the conditions that the counterparty who has been entrusted with said business (hereinafter such person shall be referred to as the 'Entrustee' in this Article) shall bear the following obligations:

• 大きな荘園では（領地（領主の直轄地）での義務労役という大きな潜在的供給力を持つ領主がいれば、）農奴保有地の割合が大きかったのに対して、小さな荘園では、領地における耕地可能な面積の割合が大きくなりがちであった。
• In the case of large shoens (if the lords had the large potential supply, that is, the compulsory service in the land directly controlled by the lords), the ratio of the serf's lands was large, but in small shoens, the ratio of the cultivatable area in the land tended to be large.

• 歴代のカピタン（カピタン）は定期的に江戸へ参府することが義務づけられていたが、大槻玄沢は寛政6年（1794年）のヘイスベルト・ヘンミー（Gijsbert Hemmij）の江戸出府でオランダ人と初めて対談した。
• All the Kapitans (curators of Dutch trading house) had an obligation to visit Edo regularly and Gentaku OTSUKI met a Dutch for the first time when Gisbert HEMMIJ visited there.

• 被保護者に対して民法の規定により扶養の義務を履行しなければならない者があるときは、その義務の範囲内において、保護費を支弁した都道府県又は市町村の長は、その費用の全部又は一部を、その者から徴収することができる。
• When there is a person who must perform a duty of support for a public assistance recipient pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Code, the governor or mayor of the prefecture or municipality that has paid the public assistance expenses may collect all or a part of said expenses from said person within the scope of his/her duty.

• 彼は他人の義務に気をつかいますが　自分の義務は怠ってしまいます。 ( concerned は、この文脈のニュアンスからだと、 いい意味で気をつかっているのではなく、 余計なお世話で首をつっこんでいる感じ )
• He considereth to what duties others are bound, and neglecteth those to which he is bound himself.

• この条に基く日本国の義務は、この条約の第十四条に基く連合国の権利の行使によつて影響されるものではない。また、この条の規定は、この条約の第十五条によつて日本国が引き受ける約束を制限するものと了解してはならない。
• Japan's obligations under this Article shall not be affected by the exercise of any Allied rights under Article 14 of the present Treaty; nor shall the provisions of this Article be understood as limiting the undertakings assumed by Japan by virtue of Article 15 of the Treaty.

• 第Ⅱ.1条に基づき、責任を持つ財政上の貢献以外の貢献に追加して財政上の貢献以外の貢献を引き受けることができる。このような貢献により、当該加盟者による機構の予算への資金による貢献義務から、同等額が差し引かれる。
• undertake to make contributions in kind additional to those for which it had responsibility under Article II.1. Such contributions may reduce by an equivalent amount the Member's obligation to contribute in cash to the budget of the Organization;

• 受益証券を取得する者は、その取得により、当該受益証券に係る投資信託契約の委託者の権利義務を承継するものとする。この場合において、第六条第二項の規定は、委託者非指図型投資信託の委託者の権利の行使について準用する。
• Any person who acquires Beneficiary Certificates shall, upon such acquisition, succeed to the rights and obligations of the settlor of an Investment Trust Contract that are related to the Beneficiary Certificates. In this case, the provisions of Article 6, paragraph (2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the exercise of rights of the settlor of an Investment Trust Managed Without Instructions from the Settlor.

• 法第二十七条第一項の規定により届出をする義務が課された法第二十六条第二項に規定する対内直接投資等のうち、法第二十七条第三項第三号に掲げる対内直接投資等に該当するものとして同条第一の規定により政令で定められたもの
• Among inward direct investment, etc. prescribed in Article 26, paragraph (2) of the Act for which the obligation to give notification is imposed pursuant to the provision of Article 27, paragraph (1) of the Act, those specified, pursuant to the provision of Article 27, paragraph (1), by Cabinet Order as falling under the inward direct investment, etc. listed in Article 27, paragraph (3), item (iii) of the Act

• 公家や寺社、諸藩の家臣の所領にも存在するが、最も代表的なのは江戸幕府が旗本の支配を確実にする事と彼らの江戸居住（地方在勤者を除く）を義務付けたために、小禄旗本の知行地（知行所）が集中した関東地方に多く見られる。
• Although this ownership form was also found in territories of court nobles, temples and shrines, and vassals of domains, it was most typically found in Kanto region where chigyo-chi (territories) of the hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with a small stipend (fiefdom) were concentrated, because the Edo bakufu obliged them to live in Edo (except for those assigned to provinces) in order to ensure the control of them.

• しかし、怠惰だとか、その他の避けることのできる原因で、例えば子供の養育といった他人への法的義務を果せないなら、他に有効な手段がなければ、強制労働によって、その人に義務を果すよう強制するのは、暴政ではありません。
• but if, either from idleness or from any other avoidable cause, a man fails to perform his legal duties to others, as for instance to support his children, it is no tyranny to force him to fulfil that obligation, by compulsory labor, if no other means are available.6

• 第五十六条第一項各号に掲げる事由により受託者の任務が終了した場合において、新受託者が就任したときは、新受託者は、前受託者の任務が終了した時に、その時に存する信託に関する権利義務を前受託者から承継したものとみなす。
• Where a trustee's duty as trustee has been terminated on any of the grounds listed in the items of Article 56, paragraph (1), when a new trustee has assumed the duty, it shall be deemed that the new trustee has succeeded to, at the time of the termination of the former trustee's duty, the former trustee's rights and duties concerning the trust existing as of that time.

• 負担付遺贈の目的の価額が相続の限定承認又は遺留分回復の訴えによって減少したときは、受遺者は、その減少の割合に応じて、その負担した義務を免れる。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
• If the value of an object of a testamentary gift with burden is reduced due to the qualified acceptance of an heir, or a filing for recovery of legally reserved portion, a testamentary donee may avoid the duties borne from that testamentary gift, proportional to the reduction; provided, however, that if the testator has indicated a particular intent in his/her will, that intent shall be complied with.

• 前項の条件は、公共の利益を増進し、又は許可、認可若しくは承認に係る事項の確実な実施を図るため必要な最少限度のものに限り、かつ、当該許可、認可又は承認を受ける者に不当な義務を課することとなるものであつてはならない。
• The conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum required for promoting public interest or ensuring successful implementation of the matters concerning the license/permission or approval, and shall not impose any unreasonable obligation on the person who is to obtain the license/permission or approval.

• 前項の規定による指定がされた証明（以下この条及び次条において「特定証明」という。）については、指定を受けた社員（以下この条及び次条において「指定有限責任社員」という。）のみが業務を執行する権利を有し、義務を負う。
• With regard to the attestation designated under the provisions of the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as the 'specified attestation' in this Article and the following Article), only the partner(s) who has been designated (hereinafter referred to as the 'designated limited liability partner' in this Article and the following Article) has the right and obligation to execute the services.

• 分配した組合財産の帳簿価額（以下この条及び次条において「分配額」という。）がその分配の日における分配可能額を超える場合には、当該分配を受けた組合員は、組合に対し、連帯して、分配額に相当する金銭を支払う義務を負う。
• If the book value of the distributed assets of a Partnership (in this Article and in the following Article, the 'Distributed Amount') exceeds the Distributable Amount as of the date of distribution, the partners who receive such distribution will be jointly liable for payment of cash equal to the Distributed Amount to the Partnership.

• 前項の規定により研究所が国の有する権利及び義務を承継したときは、その承継の際、承継される権利に係る土地、建物その他の財産で政令で定めるものの価額の合計額に相当する金額は、政府から研究所に対し出資されたものとする。
• When the Institute has succeeded to the rights and duties possessed by the State pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the amount, at the time of succession, equivalent to the total amount of the value of the land, buildings, and any other property specified by Cabinet Order that pertain to the succeeded rights shall be deemed as having been contributed to the Institute by the government.

• ただ五位以上の位をもつものの経済的・政治的特権は法によって保証され、また有位者は一般に課役その他の義務を免除されていた点で、租庸調、雑徭（ぞうよう）などの課税および兵役の義務を負っていた一般平民と区別されていた。
• However, the economic and political privileges granted to those at the fifth or higher ranks were guaranteed by law, and those with rank generally were exempt from taxes and other duties, distinguishing them from the general heimin who were subject to taxation such as soyocho (corvee, taxes in kind or service) and zoyo (irregular corvee), as well as military service.

• しかし、京都の市街地の多くの地下には埋蔵文化財が存在し、その場所に開削工法による地下鉄工事を行う際には、文化財保護法によって事前の発掘調査が義務づけられており、それにかかわる経費と期間を予定しておかねばならない。
• However, a reasonable cost and time period for conducting research on the land prior to constructing a subway line, as required by the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, must be scheduled when a subway is constructed in an open-cut method, since buried cultural properties exist under the ground in many areas of urban Kyoto.

• しかし公衆にたいする特定の義務に違反するわけでもなく、自分以外の特定の個人にかなりの傷を負わせるわけでもない行為によって、人が社会にたいしてひきおこす、単に偶然の、あるいは、言ってみれば、推定上の危害に関しては、
• But with regard to the merely contingent, or, as it may be called, constructive injury which a person causes to society, by conduct which neither violates any specific duty to the public, nor occasions perceptible hurt to any assignable individual except himself;

• 一人の人間に生を授けたからには、彼が人生で他人や自分にたいしちゃんとした役割を果せるような教育を施すのは、親の(あるいは今の法と慣例では父親の)もっとも神聖な義務の一つだということを、ほとんどの人は否定しません。
• Hardly any one indeed will deny that it is one of the most sacred duties of the parents (or, as law and usage now stand, the father), after summoning a human being into the world, to give to that being an education fitting him to perform his part well in life towards others and towards himself.

• 再生債務者の義務に属せず、又はその時期が再生債務者の義務に属しない行為であって、支払不能になる前三十日以内にされたもの。ただし、債権者がその行為の当時他の再生債権者を害する事実を知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
• An act that is not included in the scope of the rehabilitation debtor's obligation in terms of the act itself or the time of performance of the act, which was conducted within 30 days before the rehabilitation debtor became unable to pay debts; provided, however, that this shall not apply if the creditor did not know, at the time of the act, the fact that it would prejudice other rehabilitation creditors.

• 財務大臣又は経済産業大臣は、第三項の規定により役務取引等を行うことについて許可を受ける義務を課した場合において、当該義務を課する必要がなくなつたと認めるときは、告示により、速やかに当該義務を解除しなければならない。
• Where the Minister of Finance or the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry has imposed, pursuant to the provision of paragraph (3), the obligation to obtain permission for conducting service transactions, etc, he/she shall, when he/she finds that there is no longer a need to impose the obligation, promptly cancel the obligation by a public notice.

• 鉄道事業者たる法人の合併又は分割があつたときは、合併後存続する法人若しくは合併により設立された法人又は分割により鉄道事業を承継した法人（以下この条において「合併法人等」という。）は、許可に基づく権利義務を承継する。
• When there was a merger or split of a juridical person as a Railway Business Operator, the juridical person that survives after the merger or the juridical person that was incorporated by the merger, or the juridical person that succeeded the Railway Business by the split (hereafter referred to as 'Merged Juridical Person, etc.') shall succeed the rights and obligations pursuant to the approval.

• 権力ト法トハ家ニ生マレタリ」「家長権ノ神聖ニシテ犯スベカラザルハ祖先ノ霊ノ神聖ニシテ犯スベカラザルヲ以ッテナリ」と説き、法による権利義務関係を否定し、日本伝統の家父長制度を否定する婚姻を基調とした家族法を批判した。
• The authority and law were born in a family.', and 'the authority of a head of a family is holy and inviolable just as the spirits of our ancestors are holy and inviolable', neglected a right-duty relation by law and criticized the family law based on marriage which denied Japanese traditional patriarchal authority.

• 個人タクシーでは消費税法に基づく事業者免税点制度が適用されることから（売り上げが規定値以下のため）消費税の納税義務を免除されており、その分、個人タクシー「個人タクシー」と「法人タクシー」よりも運賃が安くなっている。
• Operators of privately owned taxis are often given refunds from tax payments including the consumption tax because the business operator tax exemption point system based on the Consumption Tax Act applies to them (since their sales are less than the prescribed value); therefore, the fare of privately owned taxis is set lower than that of corporate taxis.

• 市町村は、その行う介護保険の特別徴収対象被保険者が第十三条第一項又は第二項の規定の適用を受ける被保険者に該当するに至ったときは、速やかに、当該特別徴収対象被保険者に係る特別徴収義務者に、その旨を通知するものとする。
• A Municipality, when an Insured Person Subject to Special Collection of Long-Term Care Insurance provided by said Municipality corresponds to an Insured Person to which are applicable Article 13, paragraph (1) or paragraph (2), shall provide notice of said fact immediately to said Person Under Obligation of Special Collection pertaining to said Insured Person Subject to Special Collection.

• しかし、もしこの経済的人間が経済学の教義の装いにぴったり合う人体模型として役に立つのならば、彼の限界は何であり、彼はどのようにして自然淘汰の法則から解放されたのかを説明するのは、科学にとって課せられた義務であろう。
• But if this economic man is to serve as a lay figure upon which to fit the garment of economic doctrines, it is incumbent upon the science to explain what are his limitations and how he has achieved his emancipation from the law of natural selection.

• 第三条に規定する損害賠償の請求権は、被害者又はその法定代理人が損害及び賠償義務者を知った時から三年間行わないときは、時効によって消滅する。その製造業者等が当該製造物を引き渡した時から十年を経過したときも、同様とする。
• The right to seek damages provided in Article 3 shall be extinguished by prescription if the victim or his/her legal representative does not exercise such right within 3 years from the time when he/she becomes aware of the damages and the party liable for the damages. The same shall apply to the case where 10 years have elapsed from the time when the manufacturer, etc. delivered the product.

• 新設分割設立持分会社が新設分割に際して新設分割会社に対してその事業に関する権利義務の全部又は一部に代わる当該新設分割設立持分会社の社債を交付するときは、当該社債の種類及び種類ごとの各社債の金額の合計額又はその算定方法
• if the Membership Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split is to deliver to the Splitting Company(ies) in Incorporation-type Company Split Bonds of the Membership Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split in lieu of all or part of the rights and obligations in connection with the business thereof when effecting the Incorporation-type Company Split, the description of the classes of such Bonds and the total amount for each class of Bonds, or the method for calculating that total amount;

• 合併後存続する更生保護法人又は合併によって設立した更生保護法人は、合併によって消滅した更生保護法人の権利義務（当該更生保護法人がその営む事業に関し行政庁の認可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利義務を含む。）を承継する。
• The juridical person for offenders rehabilitation which continues to exist after the merger or is incorporated by the merger shall succeed the rights and duties of the juridical person for offenders rehabilitation which has ceased to exist by the merger (including the rights and duties which belonged to the juridical person for offenders rehabilitation based on the approval and other dispositions of administrative agencies rendered in relation to the services of the said juridical person).

• 法第五十二条第三項ただし書の規定により退去強制を受ける者を運送業者に引き渡すときは、法第五十九条の規定によりその者を送還する義務がある旨を別記第六十四号様式による送還通知書により当該運送業者に通知しなければならない。
• When an immigration control officer delivers a foreign national subject to deportation to the carrier pursuant to the provisions of the proviso to Article 52, paragraph (3) of the Immigration Control Act, the officer shall notify the carrier that he/she has an obligation to send the foreign national back pursuant to the provisions of Article 59 of the Immigration Control Act in the form of a written notice of sending back pursuant to Appended Form 64.

• 定額寺に指定されるとその内容は寺院によって違いはあるものの、基本的には定額寺のある令制国の国司・講師（国分寺の僧侶の長）は、定額寺に修理料・燈分料を与え、修造の義務、定額僧や年分度者の配置に対する便宜などが行われた。
• Basically, once a temple was designated as jogakuji, the governor or arch-priest (the head Buddhist priest of kokubunji) of the province, where the temple was located, was responsible for the maintenance of the jogakuji through the provision of repairmen and maintenance allowances and for the appointment and arrangement of jogakuso and 'nenbundo-sha' (approved people who enter the Buddhist priesthood), although there were differences among temples.

• 朝鮮王朝建国当初においては対馬以外の地域からも興利倭船が派遣されていたが、入港場の制限・行状所持の義務化・文引制の施行等、通交統制が進み通交経費の増加に伴い、対馬以外の地域から派遣される興利倭船は姿を消すことになる。
• Although Koriwasen were dispatched from regions other than Tsushima at the beginning of the Korea kingdom, as the regulation on the traffic progressed and traffic expenses increased such as restriction on the ports for Koriwasen to enter, requirement for Koriwa to bear gyojo, enforcement of bunin system (require all the passenger to bear passage permission issued by the So clan), Koriwasen dispatched from the region other than Tsushima gradually disappeared.

• こうした種類の行為によって、人がだれか他の個人ないし人々にたいする区分され、割り当て可能な義務に違反するよう導かれるとき、事態は自己配慮の部類からはずれて、言葉の本来の意味で、道徳的非難を受けやすいものとなるのです。
• When, by conduct of this sort, a person is led to violate a distinct and assignable obligation to any other person or persons, the case is taken out of the self-regarding class, and becomes amenable to moral disapprobation in the proper sense of the term.

• 登記権利者は、登記義務者の所在が知れないため登記義務者と共同して権利に関する登記の抹消を申請することができないときは、非訟事件手続法（明治三十一年法律第十四号）第百四十一条に規定する公示催告の申立てをすることができる。
• When a person entitled to register is unable to file an application for cancellation of a registration of a right jointly with the person obliged to register due to the whereabouts of the person obliged to register being unknown, he/she may file a petition for public notification prescribed in Article 141 of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedure Act (Act No. 14 of 1898).

• 前項の場合において、最終の償還義務者又は手形の振出しを委託した者が振出しの当時支払の停止等があったことを知り、又は過失によって知らなかったときは、破産管財人は、これらの者に破産者が支払った金額を償還させることができる。
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the final obligor for redemption or the person who had entrusted the drawing of the negotiable instrument knew or was negligent in not knowing, at the time of drawing, the fact that suspension of payments, etc. had taken place, a bankruptcy trustee may have these persons redeem the money paid by the bankrupt to them.

• 電子記録の請求は、法令に別段の定めがある場合を除き、電子記録権利者及び電子記録義務者（これらの者について相続その他の一般承継があったときは、その相続人その他の一般承継人。第三項において同じ。）双方がしなければならない。
• The request for Electronic Records shall, unless otherwise prescribed by laws and regulations, be made by the both Electronically Recorded Claim Holder and the Electronically Recorded Claim Obligor. (In case of general succession such as inheritance regarding said holder, meaning his/her heir or other general successor; the same shall apply to paragraph (3).)

• 特別の法律により設立された法人のうち、国又は地方公共団体が法律により、常時、発行済株式の総数又は総株主の議決権の三分の一以上に当たる株式の保有を義務付けられている株式会社（前号に掲げるもの及び政令で定めるものを除く。）
• Out of corporations established under a special Act, a business corporation of which shares representing at least one third of the total outstanding shares or one third of the total voting rights owned by all shareholders are required by law to be owned by the government or a local government at all times (excluding corporations stipulated in item 1 above and entities stipulated under Cabinet Orders)

• 郵政大臣は、基本方針を定めたときは、会社に対し、承継会社ごとに、その事業の引継ぎ並びに権利及び義務の承継に関する実施計画（以下「実施計画」という。）を郵政省令で定めるところにより作成すべきことを指示しなければならない。
• Upon establishment of the Basic Policy, the Minister of Posts and Telecommunications shall issue instructions to the Company to prepare each Succeeding Company's implementation plan, in accordance with the applicable ordinance of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, concerning the business succession and succession of rights and obligations (hereinafter referred to as 'the Implementation Plan').

• 気候変動枠組条約および京都議定書による温室効果ガス排出量管理に必要な各種排出量および森林吸収量の変化を推計するための基礎的数値については、各国が集計し報告することとなっている（京都議定書 5条・7条、情報の報告義務）。
• Each country has to collect and report basic figures to estimate the fluctuation of the amounts of various emissions and of forest absorption, which are necessary for the management of emission amount of greenhouse gases by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol (Articles 3 and 7 of Kyoto Protocol, obligation of information report).

• 資金の使途その他からみて、当該対内直接投資等の全部又は一部が第二十一条第一項又は第二項の規定により許可を受ける義務を課されている資本取引に当たるものとしてその内容の変更又は中止をさせる必要があると認められる対内直接投資等
• Inward direct investment, etc. of which content change or discontinuance is considered to be necessary as the inward direct investment, etc. is considered, based on the use of funds or other matters, to fall, in whole or in part, under capital transactions for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provision of Article 21, paragraph 1 or 2

• 会長及び委員は、審査会により、心身の故障のため職務の遂行ができないと認められた場合又は職務上の義務違反その他会長若しくは委員たるに適しない非行があると認められた場合を除いては、在任中、その意に反して罷免されることがない。
• The chairperson or a commissioner may not be dismissed against his/her will, while holding office, except in the case where he/she has been found by the Board to be unable to perform his/her duties due to mental or physical disorder or where he/she has been found by the Board to have violated an obligation in the course of his/her duties or committed a misconduct unbefitting for a chairperson or commissioner.

• 所務とは、元来、務めるところという字義どおり仕事・職務を意味する言葉だったが、平安時代の荘園公領制の展開に伴い、荘園や公領の管理職務に付随する権利・義務を表すようになり、鎌倉時代頃には転じて所領等の不動産管理を意味した。
• Originally, the word 'shomu' meant jobs and duties, as suggested by the characters which mean 'work that is related to the place'; however, with the development of shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates) during the Heian period, the word came to express the concept for the rights and obligations pertaining to the managerial work in shoen (manors) and koryo (the imperial teritories), and further during the Kamakura period, the word was extended to mean the property management of domains such as shoryo.

• 日本による、韓国施政忠告権や臨検収用権など、日本側に有利な条項もあるが、反面、日本政府は、李王家、韓国の独立及び領域 (国家)を確実に保障し、片務的防衛義務を負うなどとしており、一方的に日本に有利なものとはなっていない。
• There were some Articles which were advantageous to Japan, such as the right of the admonishment of the Korean administration and also the rights of visitation and expropriation; however, by contrast, it was not always a one-sided treaty because there were some Articles which didn't benefit Japan; the treaty said the Japanese government shall certainly guarantee the independence and territories of the Korean Imperial family Ri, the sovereign of Korea; nevertheless, the government had the one-sided obligation to defence of the Korean territories.

• それで私は、船のだれもが階級をとわず義務をはたしており、私はこれ以上望んでも望めないくらいだと答えられたわけだが、そこでだ、トレローニーさんと私と先生はキャビンに行って、“君たち”の健康と幸運を祝して一杯飲むことにした。
• and as I was able to tell him that every man on board had done his duty, alow and aloft, as I never ask to see it done better, why, he and I and the doctor are going below to the cabin to drink YOUR health and luck,

• 電子債権記録機関が第一項又は第二項の規定により電子記録の訂正又は回復をしたときは、その内容を電子記録権利者及び電子記録義務者（電子記録権利者及び電子記録義務者がない場合にあっては、電子記録名義人）に通知しなければならない。
• If the electronic Monetary Claim Recording Institution makes a correction or restoration of Electronic Records pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2), said Institution shall notify the Electronically Recorded Claim Holder and Electronically Recorded Claim Obligor (if neither the Electronically Recorded Claim Holder or the Electronically Recorded Claim Obligor exist, Electronically Recorded Person), of the contents of the correction or restoration.

• 初めて設置された頃は「空車」と「回送」しか表示しない物しかなかったが、「回送」では分かりにくいので「迎車」や「予約車」、更に最近では「賃走」、「支払」、「無線予約」などが表示できる物の搭載が義務付けられるようになってきた。
• At the beginning of the introduction of the electronic type, indication of the taximeter had only 'vacant car' and 'Kaiso (Not in service);' however, because 'Not in service' was ambiguous, taxi operators are obligated to set up an indicator which has signs of 'Geisha' and 'Reserved,' and in recent years 'In service,' 'Pay,' and 'Reserved by radio' as well.

• また同胞の命を救ったり、虐待にたいして無防備な人に保護の手を差し延べるような個人的慈善行為を行なうことなど、そうするのが人間の義務であるのが明かで、そうしなかったことで社会への責任を問われて当然というような事柄がそうです。
• and to perform certain acts of individual beneficence, such as saving a fellow-creature's life, or interposing to protect the defenceless against ill-usage, things which whenever it is obviously a man's duty to do, he may rightfully be made responsible to society for not doing.

• 締約者は、自国民又はイーター機構の職員の地位に就く時に締約者に通常居住する者に対し、第十三条、第十四条(b)及び(d)から(g)まで、第十五条、第十六条(c)並びに前条に規定する特権及び免除を与えることを義務付けられない。
• No Party shall be obliged to accord the privileges and immunities referred to in Articles 13, 14 b, d, e, f and g, 15, 16 c and 19 to its own nationals or persons who, at the moment of taking up their posts as staff of the ITER Organization in that Party, are permanent residents thereof.

• 旧半導体集積回路法第二十八条第一項に規定する登録事務に従事する同項に規定する指定登録機関の役員又は職員であった者に係る当該事務に関して知り得た秘密を漏らしてはならない義務については、この法律の施行後も、なお従前の例による。
• The obligation of confidentiality, with respect to information obtained in the course of carrying out the registration affairs imposed on an officer or employee of a designated registration agency as prescribed in Article 28, paragraph (1) of the Former Act on Layout-Design of Semiconductor Integrated Circuits who was engaged in the registration affairs prescribed in the same paragraph, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable even after the enforcement of this Act.

• 受託者である法人が合併をした場合における合併後存続する法人又は合併により設立する法人は、受託者の任務を引き継ぐものとする。受託者である法人が分割をした場合における分割により受託者としての権利義務を承継する法人も、同様とする。
• Where the juridical person who is the trustee has effected a merger, the judicial person that survives the merger or judicial person that is incorporated through the merger shall take over the trustee's duty. Where the judicial person who is the trustee has effected a company split, the same shall apply to the juridical person that succeeds to the rights and duties of the trustee as a result of the company split.

• 特定特殊自動車製作等事業者は、その製作等に係る特定特殊自動車について、前条第二項の規定による義務と同等なものとして主務省令で定める道路運送車両法に基づく命令の規定による義務を履行したときは、基準適合表示を付することができる。
• When a business operator that engages in the manufacture etc. of non-road special motor vehicles has complied with his/her duty prescribed by the Ordinance, which duty was required under the Road Vehicles Act pursuant to the Ordinance of the competent ministry and deemed as equivalent to the duty prescribed in Paragraph 2 of the preceding Article, he/she may affix an indication showing compliance with standards on the non-road special motor vehicles of which he/she has conducted the manufacture etc.

• 保障契約は、当該契約においてタンカー所有者の損害をてん補するための保険金額又は賠償の義務の履行が担保されているタンカー油濁損害の額が当該契約に係るタンカーごとに当該タンカー所有者の責任限度額に満たないものであつてはならない。
• For the Contract on Insurance or Other Financial Security, the amount insured to cover the damage of the Tanker Owner in the said contract or the amount of damages resulted from the Tanker Oil Pollution secured shall not be less than the Amount of Limit of Liability of the said Tanker Owner for each Tanker pertaining to the said contract.

• その他この法律又はこの法律に基づく命令の規定により許可若しくは承認を受け、又は届出をする義務が課された取引又は行為のうち政令で定めるものに係る支払等　当該許可若しくは承認を受け、又は当該届出後の所要の手続を完了していること。
• Other payment, etc. pertaining to transactions or acts for which the obligation to obtain permission or approval or to give notification is imposed pursuant to the provisions of this Act or orders based on this Act, which is stipulated by Cabinet Order:　Obtainment of the permission or approval, or completion of necessary procedures after the notification

• 具体的には、単に兵動員を許可する「発兵勅符」に代わって群盗を積極的に鎮圧しようとする「追捕官符」を発出するとともに、国単位で押領使・追捕使を任命して、国内の武勇者を国衙・押領使・追捕使の指揮下に入ることを義務づけたのである。
• More specifically, the Imperial Court not only issued 'a charter to catch thieves' to aggressively suppress robbers instead of 'a charter to send troops' to simply permit troop mobilization, but also appointed oryoshi (suppressors) and tsuibushi (envoys to pursue and capture) for each province and required brave local individuals to be under control of kokuga, oryoshi, or tsuibushi.

• だが、実際の貴族社会の立身に大いに影響を与えたのは、蔭位・大舎人・内舎人などの血統に基づく仕組によるところが大きく、有力貴族の子弟は大学寮への就学が義務付けられていた平安時代のごく初期を除いて家庭における教育が主体であった。
• One's success in the aristocratic society largely depended on systems such as the Oni, the Otoneri, and the Udoneri, which took your bloodline into account, and the children of powerful aristocrats were educated mainly at home, except during a short period in the early Heian period when such children were obliged to study in the Daigaku-ryo.

• 大和出身の大和四座（観世・金春・金剛流・宝生）は興福寺の神事に参勤することを義務付けられていたが、元忠は理由をつけて欠勤、あるいは越智観世大夫、十二大夫などに代理を勤めさせることが多く、あまりまともに顔を出さなかったらしい。
• Yamato-yoza (four sarugaku performance groups) (Kanze, Konparu, Kongo, and Hosho) from the Yamato Province were obliged to appear in rituals at Kofuku-ji Temple, but it is said that Mototada often found reasons not to appear or had Ochi-Kanze Tayu (the head of Ochi-Kanze school) or Juni Tayu (head of Juni school) deputize for him and this did not turn out properly.

• しかし権力の乱用や強奪が長くつづき、絶対専制支配の下に置こうとする意図が明らかで、その同じ目的をずっと追求しようとしているときには、そんな政府をなげすて、自分たちの将来の安全を新たに防護してくれる政府を求めるのが義務である。
• But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.

• 会員が死亡した場合において、相続人等が会員たる資格を有する者であるときは、その者は、定款で定める期間内に加入につき会員商品取引所の承諾を得て、被承継人の持分並びにその持分についての被承継人の権利及び義務を承継することができる。
• In the event that a member dies, if the Heir, etc. is a person having the membership qualification, such person may succeed to the equity interest of the decedent and the rights and obligations of the decedent with regard to that equity interest by gaining the consent of the Member Commodity Exchange regarding the membership within a period specified by the articles of incorporation.

• 新設合併設立組合は、成立の日後遅滞なく、新設合併により新設合併設立組合が承継した新設合併消滅組合の権利義務その他の新設合併に関する事項として主務省令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• A formed cooperative shall, without delay after the date of establishment, prepare a document or an electromagnetic record stating or recording the rights and obligations of the consolidated cooperatives to which the formed cooperative has succeeded by the consolidation-type merger and any other matters specified by an ordinance of the competent ministry as those concerning a consolidation-type merger.

• 出版権者が第八十一条第二号の義務に違反した場合において、複製権者が三月以上の期間を定めてその履行を催告したにもかかわらず、その期間内にその履行がされないときは、複製権者は、出版権者に通知してその出版権を消滅させることができる。
• When the holder of the right of publication is in breach of his obligation under Article 81, item (ii), the holder of right of reproduction may terminate said right of publication by notice to the holder thereof in the event that despite demand by the holder of the right of reproduction for the holder of the right of publication to perform [its said obligation] within a period established by the holder of the right of reproduction (which period must be three months or more), performance is not made within said period.

• 第一項の規定により機構が旧機構の権利及び義務を承継したときは、次の各号に掲げる金額は、それぞれ、機構の設立に際し当該各号の政府以外の者から機構に対して当該各号に掲げる業務に必要な資金に充てるべきものとして出資されたものとする。
• When NEDO has succeeded to the rights and obligations of the former Organization pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the following amounts shall be deemed to have been contributed to NEDO by persons other than the government as set forth in the relevant item as of the time of NEDO's establishment, as amounts that were to be appropriated as the funds necessary for the functions listed in the relevant item:

• 他人のために登記を申請する義務を負う第三者は、その登記がないことを主張することができない。ただし、その登記の登記原因（登記の原因となる事実又は法律行為をいう。以下同じ。）が自己の登記の登記原因の後に生じたときは、この限りでない。
• A third party who has an obligation to file an application for a registration on behalf of another may not assert the lack of the registration; provided, however, that this shall not apply if the cause of registration (meaning a fact or juridical act that is the cause of a registration) regarding such another's registration occurred after the cause of registration regarding the third party's own registration occurred.

• 吸収合併存続法人は、効力発生日後遅滞なく、吸収合併により吸収合併存続法人が承継した吸収合併消滅法人の権利義務その他の吸収合併に関する事項として内閣府令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• An Investment Corporation Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger shall, without delay after the Effective Day, prepare documents or Electromagnetic Records in which the rights and obligations of the Investment Corporation Extinguished in the Absorption-Type Merger that have been succeeded to by the Investment Corporation Surviving the Absorption-Type Merger as a result of the Absorption-Type Merger and other matters specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as being related to the Absorption-Type Merger are stated or recorded.

• 第百一条の二十第一項の設立の登記後に払込みのない株式があるときは、第百一条の二第一項の総会の決議の当時の会員金融商品取引所の理事長及び理事並びに効力発生日の当時の株式会社金融商品取引所の取締役は、連帯して払込みを行う義務を負う。
• When there is any share that has not been paid for after the registration of the establishment under Article 101-20(1), the president and board members of the Membership-Type Financial Instruments Exchange as of the time of the resolution of the general meeting prescribed in Article 101-2(1), and the directors of the Stock Company-Type Financial Instruments Exchange as of the Effective Date shall have the joint and several obligation to make payment therefor.

• 経済産業大臣は、前項の規定の確実な実施を図るため必要があると認めるときは、同項の特定の種類の貨物を同項の特定の地域以外の地域を仕向地として輸出しようとする者に対し、政令で定めるところにより、許可を受ける義務を課することができる。
• The Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry may, when he/she finds it necessary for the assured enforcement of the provision of the preceding paragraph, impose, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, on a person who intends to export specific kinds of goods set forth in the said paragraph to a region other than the specified regions set forth in the said paragraph the obligation to obtain permission.

• 郵政大臣は、会社が営んでいる事業の地域会社及び長距離会社（以下「承継会社」という。）への適正かつ円滑な引継ぎを図るため、その事業の引継ぎ並びに権利及び義務の承継に関する基本方針（以下「基本方針」という。）を定めなければならない。
• The Minister of Posts and Telecommunications shall establish the basic policy concerning the business succession and succession of rights and obligations (hereinafter referred to as 'the Basic Policy') so that the businesses operated by the Company can be succeeded to appropriately and smoothly by the Regional Companies and the Long-Distance Company (hereinafter referred to as 'the Succeeding Companies').

• 偉大な著述家たちのおかげで、世界は宗教的自由をもつようになったのですが、彼らはだいたいにおいて、取り消すことのできない権利として意識の自由を主張し、人間は他人に自分の宗教的信念を釈明すべき義務があることを、完全に否定したのです。
• The great writers to whom the world owes what religious liberty it possesses, have mostly asserted freedom of conscience as an indefeasible right, and denied absolutely that a human being is accountable to others for his religious belief.

• 数人が各自全部の履行をする義務を負う場合において、その全員又はそのうちの数人若しくは一人について破産手続開始の決定があったときは、債権者は、破産手続開始の時において有する債権の全額についてそれぞれの破産手続に参加することができる。
• Where two or more persons have the obligation of entire performance respectively, if an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against all or some or one of them, their creditor may participate in the bankruptcy proceedings against the respective persons with regard to the whole amount of the claim that he/she holds at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.

• 特定の債権者に対する債務について、当該債権者に特別の利益を与える目的又は他の債権者を害する目的で、担保の供与又は債務の消滅に関する行為であって、債務者の義務に属せず、又はその方法若しくは時期が債務者の義務に属しないものをしたこと。
• The bankrupt, for the purpose of giving a special benefit to a specific creditor to whom he/she owes a debt or for harming other creditors, has conducted an act concerning the provision of security or extinguishment of debt that is not included in the scope of a debtor's obligation in terms of the act itself or the method or time of performance of the act.

• 役員が欠けた場合又はこの法律若しくは規約で定めた役員の員数が欠けた場合には、任期の満了又は辞任により退任した役員は、新たに選任された役員（次項の一時役員の職務を行うべき者を含む。）が就任するまで、なお役員としての権利義務を有する。
• When there is any vacancy in the position of an Officer, or a shortfall in the number of Officers as provided in this Act or in the certificate of incorporation, an officer who has retired from office due to the expiration of his/her term of office or his/her resignation shall continue to have the rights and obligations of an officer until a new appointed Officer (including persons to perform the duties of an Officer temporarily as provided in the following paragraph) assumes his/her position.

• 新設合併設立法人は、その成立の日後遅滞なく、新設合併により新設合併設立法人が承継した新設合併消滅法人の権利義務その他の新設合併に関する事項として内閣府令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• The Investment Corporation Established by a Consolidation-Type Merger shall, without delay after the day of its establishment, prepare documents or Electromagnetic Records in which the rights and obligations of the Investment Corporations Extinguished in the Consolidation-Type Merger that are succeeded to by the Investment Corporation Established by the Consolidation-Type Merger as a result of the Consolidation-Type Merger and other matters specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as being related to the Consolidation-Type Merger are stated or recorded.

• 前項の規定によりその行う資本取引について許可を受ける義務を課された者は、同項の通知により許可を受けなければならないものとして指定された資本取引を行おうとするときは、財務省令で定める手続により、財務大臣の許可を受けなければならない。
• When a person, who has been, pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, obliged to obtain permission for capital transactions that he/she conducts, intends to conduct capital transactions designated by a notice set forth in the said paragraph as those that require permission, he/she shall obtain permission from the Minister of Finance through procedures specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Finance.

• 役員が欠けた場合又はこの法律若しくは定款で定めた役員の員数が欠けた場合には、任期の満了又は辞任により退任した役員は、新たに選任された役員（次項の一時役員の職務を行うべき者を含む。）が就任するまで、なお役員としての権利義務を有する。
• When there is any vacancy among the Officers or a shortfall in the number of Officers specified by this Act or the articles of incorporation, an Officer who has retired from office due to expiration of his/her term of office or resignation shall still have the rights and obligations of an Officer until a new appointed Officer (including a person to temporarily perform the duties of an Officer prescribed in the following paragraph) assumes office.

• 入国者収容所長又は主任審査官は、前項の場合において、退去強制を受ける者を送還することができないことが明らかになつたときは、住居及び行動範囲の制限、呼出に対する出頭の義務その他必要と認める条件を附して、その者を放免することができる。
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the director of the immigration detention center or the supervising immigration inspector may, if it is found that the foreign national cannot be deported, release him/her with conditions as may be deemed necessary, such as restrictions on the place of residence and area of movement and an obligation to appear upon receiving a summons.

• 遺贈の目的である物又は権利が遺言者の死亡の時において第三者の権利の目的であるときは、受遺者は、遺贈義務者に対しその権利を消滅させるべき旨を請求することができない。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に反対の意思を表示したときは、この限りでない。
• If Things or rights being the object of a testamentary gift were the object of the rights of a third party at the time of the testator's death, a testamentary donee may not demand a person having an obligation with respect to testamentary gift to extinguish the third party's rights; provided, however, that this shall not apply if the testator has indicated a contrary intent in his/her will.

• 特定目的会社の成立の時に設立時特定出資のうち出資の履行がされていないものがあるときは、当該特定目的会社の発起人及び設立時取締役は、連帯して、当該払込みがされていない額又は当該給付がされていない金銭以外の財産の価額を支払う義務を負う。
• If Performance of Contribution for Specified Equity Issued at Incorporation remains incomplete at the time of the formation of a Specific Purpose Company, the incorporators and the Directors at Incorporation of said Specific Purpose Company shall jointly and severally have an obligation to pay the amount that remains unpaid or the value of the property other than money that remains undelivered.

• 前項の規定による指定がされた証明（以下この条及び第三十四条の十の六において「指定証明」という。）については、指定を受けた社員（以下この条及び第三十四条の十の六において「指定社員」という。）のみが業務を執行する権利を有し、義務を負う。
• With regard to the attestation designated under the provisions of the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as the 'designated attestation' in this Article and Article 34-10-6), only the partner(s) who has been designated (hereinafter referred to as the 'designated partner' in this Article and Article 34-10-6) has the right and obligation to execute the services.

• 民法、商法その他の法律の公の秩序に関しない規定の適用による場合に比し、消費者の権利を制限し、又は消費者の義務を加重する消費者契約の条項であって、民法第一条第二項に規定する基本原則に反して消費者の利益を一方的に害するものは、無効とする。
• Clauses which restrict the rights of consumers or expand the duties of consumers beyond those under the provisions unrelated to the public order applicable pursuant to the Civil Code, the Commercial Code and such other laws and regulations and which, impair the interests of consumers unilaterally against the fundamental principle provided in the second paragraph of article 1 of the Civil Code, are void.

• 組合が吸収合併（組合が他の組合とする合併であつて、合併により消滅する組合の権利義務の全部を合併後存続する組合に承継させるものをいう。以下この章において同じ。）をする場合には、吸収合併契約において、次に掲げる事項を定めなければならない。
• In the case where a cooperative carries out an absorption-type merger (which means a merger carried out by a cooperative with another cooperative where the cooperative surviving the merger succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the cooperative dissolved as a result of the merger; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Chapter), the following matters shall be prescribed in the absorption-type merger agreement:

• 会社が吸収分割をしたときは、その効力が生じた日から二週間以内に、その本店の所在地において、吸収分割をする会社及び当該会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部又は一部を当該会社から承継する会社についての変更の登記をしなければならない。
• When a Company effects an Absorption-type Company Split, the registration of a change shall be completed with regard to the Company effecting the Absorption-type Company Split and the Company succeeding to all or part of the rights and obligations held by such Company in connection with its business by transfer from such Company, at the location of the head office, within two weeks from the day on which the Absorption-type Company Split became effective.

• 吸収合併存続株式会社は、効力発生日後遅滞なく、吸収合併により吸収合併存続株式会社が承継した吸収合併消滅会社の権利義務その他の吸収合併に関する事項として法務省令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• The Stock Company Surviving Absorption-type Merger shall, without delay after the Effective Day, prepare documents or Electromagnetic Records that state or record the rights and obligations that the Stock Company Surviving Absorption-type Merger succeeded to by transfer from the Company Absorbed in Absorption-type Merger through the Absorption-type Merger and any other matters prescribed by the applicable Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice as those concerning an Absorption-type Merger.

• 債権者が次に掲げる義務に係る確定期限の定めのある定期金債権を有する場合において、その一部に不履行があるときは、第三十条第一項の規定にかかわらず、当該定期金債権のうち確定期限が到来していないものについても、債権執行を開始することができる。
• In cases where the obligor has a claim for periodic payments with provisions on fixed due dates pertaining to any of the following duties, if any part of such claim is in default, execution against a claim may be commenced even for the portion of said claim for periodic payments for which the fixed due date has yet to arrive, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 30(1):

• 負担付遺贈を受けた者がその負担した義務を履行しないときは、相続人は、相当の期間を定めてその履行の催告をすることができる。この場合において、その期間内に履行がないときは、その負担付遺贈に係る遺言の取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。
• If a person who has received a testamentary gift with burden does not perform the duty imposed thereby, an heir may demand performance of that duty fixing a reasonable period to do so. In this case, if there is no performance within that period, an application may be made to the family court for rescission of the will concerning the testamentary gift with burden.

• 販売業者又は役務提供事業者の責に帰すべき事由により契約が解除された場合における販売業者又は役務提供事業者の義務に関し、民法（明治二十九年法律第八十九号）に規定するものより購入者又は役務の提供を受ける者に不利な内容が定められていないこと。
• None of the provisions shall be more disadvantageous for the purchaser or the service recipient than those prescribed in the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896) with regard to the obligations of the seller or the Service Provider in the case the contract is rescinded due to a cause imputable to the seller or the Service Provider.

• 締約当時に開発途上国と見なされた中華人民共和国・インドなどが、その後順調な経済的発展を遂げ、非効率的なエネルギー政策で大量に温室効果ガスを発生させ、世界有数の排出国となっているにも関わらず、何ら義務を負っていないことも問題視されている。
• Countries such as People's Republic of China and India, which were regarded as developing countries at the time of ratification, have economically developed steadily afterward and they have come to produced a massive amount of greenhouse gases to be the world's top-class emitter due to their inefficient energy policies; accordingly, it is problematic that they have not undertaken any obligation in spite of such a situation.

• 知行を受けた家臣を「地頭」とは呼ばれているが、中世の地頭とは違って職務上の必要による例外を除けば、城下町（旗本・御家人の場合は江戸）に在住する義務を負っていた（例外として、仙台藩では各家臣が仙台城下町と知行地との間を参勤交代していた）。
• A vassal who was given chigyo was called 'jito', but unlike the jito of the medieval period, he had an obligation to live in a rural castle town (hatamoto and gokenin were obliged to live in Edo) except when he had some official duties (as an exceptional case, sankin-kotai [a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo] was exercised in Sendai Domain, and vassals had to live alternately in chigyo-chi and Sendai castle town alternately).

• 第四十九条の二に規定する費用を国庫が支弁した場合においては、厚生労働大臣は、本人又はその扶養義務者（民法に定める扶養義務者をいう。以下同じ。）から、都道府県知事の認定するその負担能力に応じ、その費用の全部又は一部を徴収することができる。
• In the case where expenses provided in Article 49-2 are paid by the national treasury, the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare may collect the full amount of those expenses or part thereof from the referenced person or his/her supporter under duty (which shall mean a supporter under duty provided in the Civil Code; the same shall apply hereinafter) in accordance with the financial capacity recognized by the prefectural governor.

• 第一項の通知は、申請のあつた日から十四日以内にしなければならない。但し、扶養義務者の資産状況の調査に日時を要する等特別な理由がある場合には、これを三十日まで延ばすことができる。この場合には、同項の書面にその理由を明示しなければならない。
• The notice under paragraph (1) shall be given within fourteen days from the date on which an application has been filed; provided, however, that said period may be extended to thirty days in the case where there is any special reason, such as when an investigation on the state of the assets of persons responsible for support takes time, in which case, said reason shall be clearly indicated in the document under the same paragraph.

• 前項の場合において、同項に規定する権利を取得することができないとき、又はこれを取得するについて過分の費用を要するときは、遺贈義務者は、その価額を弁償しなければならない。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the rights referred to in that paragraph cannot be obtained, or if obtaining them requires excessive expenses, a person with a duty of testamentary gift shall give compensation to the value of those rights; provided, however, that if the testator has indicated a particular intent in his/her will, that intent shall be complied with.

• 新設合併設立株式会社は、その成立の日後遅滞なく、新設合併により新設合併設立株式会社が承継した新設合併消滅会社の権利義務その他の新設合併に関する事項として法務省令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• The Stock Company Incorporated through Consolidation-type Merger shall, without delay after the day of its formation, prepare documents or Electromagnetic Records that state or record the rights and obligations that the Stock Company Incorporated through Consolidation-type Merger succeeded to by transfer from the Companies Consolidated through Consolidation-type Merger and any other matters prescribed by the applicable Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice as those concerning a Consolidation-type Merger.

• 1960年代〜1970年代頃に建設された団地は5階建てまでになっているのが多く、エレベーターが設置されていないものが多い（集合住宅では、5階までであればエレベーターの設置が義務づけられておらず、6階以上でエレベーターを設置する義務がある。
• Many of the danchi constructed from the 1960s to 1970s are lower than five-story buildings and few of them are installed with elevators. (It was not obligated to install elevators in residential buildings of up to five stories but was obligated to install one when it was a six-story building or taller.)

• 特に鎌倉時代に律宗（真言律宗含む）が再興されると、律宗が僧侶が私利私欲を抱くことを戒めて、利益を得た場合にはその公平な配分を義務付けたこと、更に新しい律宗が従来の教学研究専念を脱却して、布教による職人階層との関係を強めたことで評価を得た。
• After the revival of the Risshu sect (including the Shingon Risshu sect) during the Kamakura period, the Risshu sect gained a high reputation because it prohibited its monks from having self-interest, obliged them to divide profits (if any) equally among themselves, and shifted its priority from the study of teaching to a close tie with the working class through its missionary works.

• 港務局を組織する地方公共団体の長は、委員が心身の故障のため職務の執行ができないと認める場合又は委員に職務上の義務違反その他委員たるに適しない非行があると認める場合においては、当該地方公共団体の議会の同意を得て、これを罷免することができる。
• The head of the local governments establishing the port authority may dismiss any member of the board of directors with the consent of its assembly when he/she considers the said member is unable to perform his/her duties owing to a mental or physical disorder or when he/she considers the said member has acted contrary to his/her duties or the behavior of the said member is not acceptable as a member of the board of directors.

• 前条第一項ただし書の規定に違反して投資法人が金銭の分配をした場合には、当該金銭の分配により金銭の交付を受けた者及び次に掲げる者は、当該投資法人に対し、連帯して、当該金銭の交付を受けた者が交付を受けた金銭の額に相当する金銭を支払う義務を負う。
• In the case where an Investment Corporation has distributed monies in violation of the proviso to paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, persons who have received monies upon such distribution and the following persons shall be jointly and severally liable to pay to said Investment Corporation monies equivalent to the amount received by the person who accepted the distribution:

• 前条第一項に規定する場合には、投資法人の債権者は、同項の規定により義務を負う投資主に対し、その交付を受けた金銭の額（当該額が当該債権者の投資法人に対して有する債権額を超える場合にあつては、当該債権額）に相当する金銭を支払わせることができる。
• In the case referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the creditors of an Investment Corporation may make the Investors who are liable under that paragraph pay monies equivalent to the amount of monies received thereby (in cases where such amounts exceed the amount that the Investment Corporation owes to such creditors, such owed amount).

• 投資法人が吸収合併（投資法人が他の投資法人とする合併であつて、合併により消滅する投資法人の権利義務の全部を合併後存続する投資法人に承継させるものをいう。以下同じ。）をする場合には、吸収合併契約において、次に掲げる事項を定めなければならない。
• In cases where an Investment Corporation implements an Absorption-Type Merger (meaning a merger which an Investment Corporation effects with another Investment Corporation whereby the Investment Corporation surviving the merger succeeds to any and all of the rights and obligations of the Investment Corporation extinguished as a result of the merger; the same shall apply hereinafter), the following matters shall be provided in the Absorption-Type Merger Agreement:

• 届出　行政庁に対し一定の事項の通知をする行為（申請に該当するものを除く。）であって、法令により直接に当該通知が義務付けられているもの（自己の期待する一定の法律上の効果を発生させるためには当該通知をすべきこととされているものを含む。）をいう。
• Notifications:　acts taken to notify administrative agencies of given matters (excluding Applications) as may be expressly obligated by laws and regulations (including those notices which become necessary by virtue of being prerequisite for bringing about some hoped-for legal effect).

• それは他にもいろいろ理由はあるのですが、同時に自由の原理が多少なりとも奨励するようなものとは相容れず、その原理にたいする直接的な違反であって、共同体をなす半分の束縛の鎖を鋲でとめるだけで、残りの半分を相手との互恵的義務から解き放つからです。
• both for other reasons, and because, far from being in any way countenanced by the principle of liberty, it is a direct infraction of that principle, being a mere riveting of the chains of one-half of the community, and an emancipation of the other from reciprocity of obligation towards them.

• 現時点でこれらの条件は、両国が国際裁判所に登録し、国際連合憲章と規程と裁判所の規則に従い、裁判所の管轄権を受諾する宣言を寄託する状態で、裁判所の判決に十分誠実に義務を負い、憲章第94条の下で国際連合加盟国の義務を受け入れるということである。
• At present these conditions are that both states would deposit with the Registrar of the International Court of Justice a declaration accepting the Court's jurisdiction in accordance with the UN Charter and the Statute and Rules of the Court, undertaking to a amply in good faith with the Court's decision and accepting the obligations of a Member of the United Nations under Article 94 of the Charter.

• 第四十七条から第四十九条までの規定は訴訟の係属中その訴訟の目的である義務の全部又は一部を承継したことを主張する第三者の訴訟参加について、前条の規定は訴訟の係属中第三者がその訴訟の目的である権利の全部又は一部を譲り受けた場合について準用する。
• The provisions of Article 47 to Article 49 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the intervention by a third party who asserts that he/she, while the suit is pending, has succeeded to the whole or part of the obligation that is the subject matter of the suit, and the provision of the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis where a third party, while the suit is pending, has accepted a transfer of the whole or part of the right that is the subject matter of the suit.

• 吸収合併存続組合は、効力発生日又は次条第一項の行政庁の認可を受けた日のいずれか遅い日に、吸収合併消滅組合の権利義務（その組合がその行う事業に関し、行政庁の許可、認可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利義務を含む。次項において同じ。）を承継する。
• A surviving cooperative shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the absorbed cooperative (including the rights and obligations that the cooperative holds with regard to its activities based on a permission, an approval or any other disposition of an administrative agency; the same shall apply in the following paragraph) on the effective date or the date on which it has obtained the approval of an administrative agency set forth in paragraph (1) of the following Article, whichever comes later.

• 第一項の義務付けの訴えのうち、行政庁が一定の裁決をすべき旨を命ずることを求めるものは、処分についての審査請求がされた場合において、当該処分に係る処分の取消しの訴え又は無効等確認の訴えを提起することができないときに限り、提起することができる。
• A mandamus action set forth in paragraph (1) which seeks an order to the effect that an administrative agency should make a certain administrative disposition on appeal may be filed only in cases where a request for an administrative review of the original administrative disposition has been made and no action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition or action for the declaration of nullity, etc. of the original administrative disposition may be filed.

• 吸収合併存続組合は、吸収合併の効力が生じた日後遅滞なく、吸収合併により吸収合併存続組合が承継した吸収合併消滅組合の権利義務その他の吸収合併に関する事項として主務省令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• A surviving cooperative shall, without delay after the date on which the absorption-type merger takes effect, prepare a document or an electromagnetic record stating or recording the rights and obligations of the absorbed cooperative to which the surviving cooperative has succeeded by the absorption-type merger and any other matters specified by an ordinance of the competent ministry as those concerning an absorption-type merger.

• 届出事業者は、その届出に係る型式の特定製品の技術基準に対する適合性について、第十一条第二項（特別特定製品の場合にあつては、同項及び前条第一項）の規定による義務を履行したときは、当該特定製品に主務省令で定める方式による表示を付することができる。
• When a notified business operator has performed the duties described in Article 11, paragraph (2) (or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article in addition to Article 11, paragraph (2) in the case of special specified products) with respect to confirming that the specified products of the type subject to notification meet the technical standards, a label may be placed on said specified products in the manner provided for by the Ordinance of the competent ministry.

• 前項において準用する第二十五条第七項の即時抗告についての裁判又は前項において準用する第二十六条第一項の決定により仮の義務付けの決定が取り消されたときは、当該行政庁は、当該仮の義務付けの決定に基づいてした処分又は裁決を取り消さなければならない。
• When a provisional order of mandamus is revoked by a judicial decision on an immediate appeal set forth in Article 25, paragraph (7) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph or by an order set forth in Article 26, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph, the administrative agency shall revoke the original administrative disposition or administrative disposition on appeal that it has made based on the provisional order of mandamus.

• 第三者が強制執行の目的物を占有している場合においてその物を債務者に引き渡すべき義務を負つているときは、物の引渡しの強制執行は、執行裁判所が、債務者の第三者に対する引渡請求権を差し押さえ、請求権の行使を債権者に許す旨の命令を発する方法により行う。
• In cases where a third party possesses the subject matter of compulsory execution, if such third person is liable to deliver said object to the obligor, compulsory execution of delivery of the object shall be carried out by the method in which the execution court seizes the obligor's claim for delivery against the third party and issues an order permitting the obligee to exercise such claim.

• 二以上の組合が新設合併（二以上の組合がする合併であつて、合併により消滅する組合の権利義務の全部を合併により設立する組合に承継させるものをいう。以下この章において同じ。）をする場合には、新設合併契約において、次に掲げる事項を定めなければならない。
• In the case where two or more cooperatives carry out a consolidation-type merger (which means a merger carried out by two or more cooperatives where the cooperative formed by the merger succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the cooperatives dissolved as a result of the merger; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Chapter), the following matters shall be prescribed in the consolidation-type merger agreement:

• 当該申請が登記の申請の代理を業とすることができる代理人によってされた場合であって、登記官が当該代理人から法務省令で定めるところにより当該申請人が第一項の登記義務者であることを確認するために必要な情報の提供を受け、かつ、その内容を相当と認めるとき。
• where the application has been filed by an agent who is qualified to act as an agent for applying for a registration in the course of trade, and when the registrar has received from the agent the necessary information for confirming, as provided for by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, that the applicant is the person obliged to register as set forth in paragraph (1), and finds the content of such information to be appropriate;

• そこでの決議をもとに、請願活動や高利貸との交渉を行うも不調に終わり、租税の軽減・義務教育の延期・借金の据え置き等を政府に訴えるための蜂起が提案され、大宮郷(埼玉県秩父市)で代々名主を務める家の出身である田代栄助が総理（代表）として推挙された。
• Based on the decisions they made there, they had petitioning activity and negotiations with usurers only to fail, therefore, an uprising was proposed in order to make an petition for tax reduction, postponement of compulsory education and deferment of debt to the government, and Eisuke TASHIRO, whose family acted as a nanushi (village headman) for generations in Omiyago (Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture) was recommended for their representative.

• 第一項の規定により同項各号に掲げる者の負う義務は、免除することができない。ただし、金銭の分配の時における貸借対照表上の純資産額から基準純資産額を控除して得た額を限度として当該義務を免除することについて総投資主の同意がある場合は、この限りでない。
• No exemption shall be granted from the obligation assumed by the persons listed in the items of paragraph (1) pursuant to that paragraph; provided, however, that this shall not apply to cases where all the Investors have consented to grant an exemption within the limit of the amount obtained by deducting the amount of the Net Asset Threshold from the amount of net assets stated on the balance sheet at the time of the distribution of monies.

• 届出事業者は、その届出に係る型式の電気用品の技術基準に対する適合性について、第八条第二項（特定電気用品の場合にあつては、同項及び前条第一項）の規定による義務を履行したときは、当該電気用品に経済産業省令で定める方式による表示を付することができる。
• When a Notifying Supplier has performed its obligations pursuant to the provisions of Article 8, paragraph (2) (in the case of Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials, Article 8, paragraph (2) and Article 9, paragraph (1)) concerning compliance with the Technical Standards for Electrical Appliances and Materials of the product type pertaining to the notification, it may affix labeling to said Electrical Appliances and Materials in the form specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

• 二以上の投資法人が新設合併（二以上の投資法人がする合併であつて、合併により消滅する投資法人の権利義務の全部を合併により設立する投資法人に承継させるものをいう。以下同じ。）をする場合には、新設合併契約において、次に掲げる事項を定めなければならない。
• In cases where two or more Investment Corporations implement a Consolidation-Type Merger (meaning a merger effected by two or more Investment Corporations whereby the Investment Corporation established through the merger succeeds to all of the rights and obligations of the Investment Corporations that are extinguished in the merger; the same shall apply hereinafter), the Consolidation-Type Merger Agreement shall provide the following matters:

• 第百五条の五第一項に規定する自主規制委員の員数が欠けた場合には、任期の満了又は辞任により退任した自主規制委員は、新たに選定された自主規制委員（次項の一時自主規制委員の職務を行う者を含む。）が就任するまで、なお自主規制委員としての権利義務を有する。
• Where there is a vacancy which results in a shortfall in the number of the members of the Self-Regulating Committee prescribed in Article 105-5(1), a member of the Self-Regulating Committee who retired from office due to expiration of his/her term of office or resignation shall continue to have the rights and obligations of a member of the Self-Regulating Committee until a newly appointed member of the Self-Regulating Committee (including a person who is to temporarily perform the duties of a member of the Self-Regulating Committee under the following paragraph) assumes his/her office.

• 前項の規定によりその行う特定資本取引について許可を受ける義務を課された者は、同項の通知により許可を受けなければならないものとして指定された特定資本取引を行おうとするときは、経済産業省令で定める手続により、経済産業大臣の許可を受けなければならない。
• When a person, who has been obliged, pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, to obtain permission for the specified capital transactions that he/she conducts, intends to conduct the specified capital transactions designated by a notice set forth in the said paragraph as those that require permission, he/she shall obtain permission from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry through procedures specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

• 行使の目的で、他人の印章若しくは署名を使用して権利、義務若しくは事実証明に関する文書若しくは図画を偽造し、又は偽造した他人の印章若しくは署名を使用して権利、義務若しくは事実証明に関する文書若しくは図画を偽造した者は、三月以上五年以下の懲役に処する。
• A person who, for the purpose of uttering, counterfeits, with the use of a seal or signature of another, a document or drawing relating to rights, duties or certification of facts or counterfeits a document or drawing relating to rights, duties or certification of facts with the use of a counterfeit seal or signature of another, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not less than 3 months but not more than 5 years.

• 敵国軍隊等の構成員であって、千九百四十九年八月十二日のジュネーヴ諸条約の国際的な武力紛争の犠牲者の保護に関する追加議定書（議定書Ⅰ）（以下「第一追加議定書」という。）第四十四条３に規定する義務に違反し、捕虜として取り扱われる権利を失うこととなるもの
• Member of enemy armed forces, etc. who fails to meet the obligation prescribed in Article 44, paragraph 3, of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I) (hereinafter referred to as "First Additional Protocol") and hence forfeit the right to be treated as prisoners of war;

• 『万国公法』などの近代国際法は、世界中の主権国家が互いに平等であり（「諸国平行の権」）、それは国家間の様々な権利と義務に基づくのだという「理念」を東アジアに伝えたが、それは華夷秩序における中国の圧倒的な優位を当然とする秩序観とは異質なものであった。
• Modern international law including 'Bankoku Koho' brought a 'principle' to East Asia that all sovereign nations in the world are equal (Right to equality of nations) and the equality is based on wide variety of rights and duties between countries, but the thought is completely different from the point of view of Kaichitsujo, which admits China dynasty to maintain a 10-to-1 advantage.

• 諸国から設置都市に送られてきた和薬種及び都市を通過して他の地域に向かう薬種は全て会所にて検査を受けて薬種の真偽及びその品質を検査した後に検印（焼印もしくは紙札）を得ることが義務付けられた（対象となる薬種が大量の場合は、会所役人が出張して検査した）。
• All the domestic materials of medicines sent from various districts to the cities where the agency was set up, as well as those sent to other districts passing through the cities, were obligated to receive a seal of approval (a brand or paper tag) after being inspected at kaisho for their genuineness and quality (if the amount of the materials was large, visiting inspection was performed by officials of the kaisho.)

• 何人も、一州においてその法律の下に服役又は労働に従う義務のある者は、他州に逃亡することによって、その州の法律又は規則により、右の服役又は労働から解放されることはなく、右の服役又は労働に対し権利を有する当事者の請求に応じて引き渡されなければならない。
• No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.

• 大統領が、その職務上の権限と義務の遂行が不可能であるという文書による申立てを、上院の臨時議長及び下院議長に送付するときは、大統領が、それと反対の申立てを、文書によりそれらの者に送付するまで、副大統領が大統領代理として大統領職の権限と義務を遂行する。
• Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.

• 登記権利者、登記義務者又は登記名義人が権利に関する登記の申請人となることができる場合において、当該登記権利者、登記義務者又は登記名義人について相続その他の一般承継があったときは、相続人その他の一般承継人は、当該権利に関する登記を申請することができる。
• Where it is possible for a person entitled to register, person obliged to register or registered right holder to be an applicant for a registration of a right, if there is an inheritance or other general succession with regard to the person entitled to register, person obliged to register or registered right holder, his/her heir(s) or other general successor(s) may file an application for the registration of the right.

• 投資法人の成立の時に設立時募集投資口のうち第七十一条第十項において準用する会社法第六十三条第一項の規定による払込みがされていないものがあるときは、設立企画人、設立時執行役員及び設立時監督役員は、連帯して、当該払込みがされていない額を支払う義務を負う。
• When there is any Investment Equity Solicited at Establishment that has yet to be paid in under Article 63, paragraph (1) of the Companies Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 71, paragraph (10) at the time of the establishment of an Investment Corporation, the organizer(s), Corporate Officer(s) at Establishment and Supervisory Officers at Establishment shall jointly and severally have the obligation to pay the unpaid amount.

• 第一項の規定にかかわらず、電子記録名義人又は電子記録債務者の氏名若しくは名称又は住所についての変更記録は、その者が単独で請求することができる。他の者の権利義務に影響を及ぼさないことが明らかな変更記録であって業務規程の定めるものについても、同様とする。
• Notwithstanding the provision of paragraph (1), requests for the alteration record regarding the name or address of the Electronically Recorded Person or Electronically Recorded Obligor may be made on his/her own request. The same shall apply to the alteration record which is clear that it will not have any influence upon other persons' right and obligation and which is prescribed in the Operational Rules.

• 取調べ状況の記録に関する準則に基づき、検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察職員が職務上作成することを義務付けられている書面であつて、身体の拘束を受けている者の取調べに関し、その年月日、時間、場所その他の取調べの状況を記録したもの（被告人に係るものに限る。）
• A document which a public prosecutor, an assistant officer to a prosecutor or a judicial police official is obliged to make officially in accordance with the rules relating to the interrogation records and which contains the date, time, place and other details of the interrogation of the person in custody (limited to those relating to the accused)

• 第五十条第五号、第六号、第六号の三、第七号及び第七号の二に規定する費用を支弁した都道府県又は第五十一条第一号及び第二号に規定する費用を支弁した市町村の長は、本人又はその扶養義務者から、その負担能力に応じ、その費用の全部又は一部を徴収することができる。
• If a prefectural government has paid expenses provided in Article 50 items (v), (vi), (vi)-3, (vii) and (vii)-2, or if a municipal government has paid expenses provided in Article 51 items (i) and (ii), the head of such a prefecture or municipality may collect the full amount of those expenses or part thereof from the referenced person or his/her supporter under duty in accordance with his/her financial capacity.

• そうした必要のある場合、それも直接政府の業務としてそうだという場合には、無謬性にまでは至りえていないなにかが、政府にたいして、人類の一般的意見が確証した、自分の意見に基づいて行動することを保証し、あるいは義務づけてさえいると、主張し続けられています。
• In a case of such necessity, and so directly in the line of their duty, something less than infallibility may, it is maintained, warrant, and even bind, governments, to act on their own opinion, confirmed by the general opinion of mankind.

• また、フォン・フンボルトが主張するように、たとえこれらの義務が当事者の契約を解除しようとする法的な自由になんの相違ももたらさないとしても(私も大きな相違をもたらすべきでないと思いますが)、必然的に道徳的自由には大きな相違をもたらさざるをえないのです。
• and even if, as Von Humboldt maintains, they ought to make no difference in the legal freedom of the parties to release themselves from the engagement (and I also hold that they ought not to make much difference), they necessarily make a great difference in the moral freedom.

• ただし、大化の改新直後の大化2年（646年）に諸国に対して国の境界についての文書あるいは地図を献上するように命令が出され、律令政治下においては民部省に国境把握の義務があり、図書寮には地図保管の義務があったため、当然政府内で地図が作られていた筈である。
• Nevertheless, in 646 right after Taika no Kaishin (Great Reformation of the Taika Era), an instruction to submit documents concerning province boundaries or maps was issued to all the provinces, and Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) in the government according to the Ritsuryo codes was responsible for the borders, and Toshoryo (Government Library) was responsible for storing maps, and so it is natural to believe that maps were made in the government.

• 公務員に対し虚偽の申立てをして、登記簿、戸籍簿その他の権利若しくは義務に関する公正証書の原本に不実の記載をさせ、又は権利若しくは義務に関する公正証書の原本として用いられる電磁的記録に不実の記録をさせた者は、五年以下の懲役又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する。
• A person, who makes a false statement before a public officer and thereby causes the official to make a false entry in the original of a notarized deed, such as the registry or family registry, relating to rights or duties or to create a false record on the electromagnetic record to be used as the original of a notarized deed relating to rights or duties, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 5 years or a fine of not more than 500,000 yen.

• 大学寮の学生は原則として寮内にあった寄宿舎である直曹（じきそう）に寄宿していた（なお、学令に学生の直曹寄宿の義務規定はないものの、学生生活に関する規定が存在しており、学生生活を大学寮が管理する方針が存在したと考えられており、後述の貞観式の規定に至る）。
• Students of the Daigaku-ryo lived in a dormitory called 'Jikiso' inside the Daigaku-ryo as a general rule (although living in Jikiso was not imperative, the fact that there was a code of living for the students of the Daigaku-ryo implies it had a policy to control student life, which would be connected to the Jogan-shiki Code that will be mentioned later).

• これらの公事はかつての庸や調などの人身に対する賦課の延長上にあり、荘園や国衙領に居住する者が「名主百姓の役」である公事を負担することが平民百姓＝自由民としての義務と考えられていた（これに対して年貢・所当は田地への賦課である租の延長上に捉えられている）。
• These kuji were on the extended line of the imposition on human body such as cho or yo in the earlier days, so it was considered that bearing kuji of 'myoshu hyakusho no eki' was for people living in the manor or kokugaryo an obligation as commoner peasants = free people (on the other hand, nengu and shoto were positioned on the extended line of so that was an imposition to rice field).

• しかし一般的に言えば、国内に政府の主催のもとで教育を施す資格を持った人が十分いるなら、義務教育法と、それに結びついた費用が賄えない人への国家援助がもたらす報酬の保証のもとで、同じ人たちが自発の原理に基いて、喜んで同じように良質の教育を施すことでしょう。
• But in general, if the country contains a sufficient number of persons qualified to provide education under government auspices, the same persons would be able and willing to give an equally good education on the voluntary principle, under the assurance of remuneration afforded by a law rendering education compulsory, combined with State aid to those unable to defray the expense.13

• 前述の上院議員及び下院議員、各州議会の議員、並びに合衆国及び各州のすべての行政官及び司法官は、宣誓又は確約により、この憲法を擁護する義務を負う。しかし、合衆国のいかなる官職又は信任による公職についても、その資格として宗教上の審査を課せられることはない。
• The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

• 法務大臣は、委員長若しくは委員が心身の故障のため職務の執行ができないと認めるとき、又は委員長若しくは委員に職務上の義務違反その他委員長若しくは委員たるにふさわしくない非行があると認めるときは、両議院の同意を得て、その委員長又は委員を罷免することができる。
• The Minister of Justice, after obtaining the consent of both Houses of the Diet, may dismiss the chairman or a member from office when he/she finds that person is incapable of executing his/her duties due to a mental or physical disorder or has committed a violation of his/her obligations in the course of his/her duties or an act unbecoming of the chairman or member of the Commission.

• 施行日前に次に掲げる法律の規定により会社の同意を得てその病院について都道府県知事がした指定は、それぞれ、当該規定により、附則第七条の定めるところにより当該病院に係る権利及び義務を承継した承継会社の同意を得て当該病院について都道府県知事がした指定とみなす。
• The designation concerning the hospitals made by prefectural governors with consent of the Company under the provisions of the following acts prior to the effective date of this Act shall be regarded as the designation concerning the hospitals being made by the prefectural governors with consent of the Succeeding Companies which succeeded to the rights and obligations pertaining to said hospitals.

• 他人の利害や感情にふつう払われるべき配慮を欠く人はだれでも、なにかもっと命令的な義務によって強制されたり、許容された自己優先が正当化するというのでなければ、そういう配慮を欠いたために道徳的非難を蒙るのであって、単に彼に個人的な誤ちによってではありません。
• Whoever fails in the consideration generally due to the interests and feelings of others, not being compelled by some more imperative duty, or justified by allowable self-preference, is a subject of moral disapprobation for that failure, but not for the cause of it, nor for the errors, merely personal to himself,

• それまでの人間の積み上げた英知の高みに立ち、偏見がなく束縛されない知性を持ち、その道徳的著作にキリスト教的理想を体現するような性格でありながら、骨の随まで染み込んだ義務感から、彼はキリスト教がこの世に善きものであって邪悪なものではないことを見誤ったのです。
• Placed at the summit of all the previous attainments of humanity, with an open, unfettered intellect, and a character which led him of himself to embody in his moral writings the Christian ideal, he yet failed to see that Christianity was to be a good and not an evil to the world, with his duties to which he was so deeply penetrated.

• 前項の規定によりその支払等について許可を受ける義務を課された者は、同項の通知により許可を受けなければならないものとして指定された支払等をしようとするときは、財務省令又は経済産業省令で定める手続により、財務大臣又は経済産業大臣の許可を受けなければならない。
• When a person who has been obliged to obtain permission for the payment, etc. pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph intends to make payment, etc. designated by a notice set forth in the said paragraph as the payment, etc. that require permission, he/she shall obtain permission from the Minister of Finance or the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry through procedures specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Finance or the Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

• 施行日において新令第六条第一項の規定に基づく告示により指定した支払等のうち、国際平和のための国際的な努力に我が国として寄与するため特に必要があると認めて新法第十六条第一項の規定により許可を受ける義務を課した支払等であることを当該告示において特定した支払等
• Among payment, etc. designated by a public notice based on the provision of Article 6, paragraph (1) of the New Order as on the date of enforcement, payment etc. which was specified by the public notice as that for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provision of Article 16, paragraph (1) of the New Act, deeming it particularly necessary for making Japan's contribution to international efforts for achieving international peace

• 保護の実施機関及び福祉事務所長は、保護の決定又は実施のために必要があるときは、要保護者又はその扶養義務者の資産及び収入の状況につき、官公署に調査を嘱託し、又は銀行、信託会社、要保護者若しくはその扶養義務者の雇主その他の関係人に、報告を求めることができる。
• When it is necessary for deciding on or implementing public assistance, a public assistance administrator and a welfare office director may commission an investigation to a public agency or request a report from a bank, trust company, the employer of a person requiring public assistance or a person responsible for support of the person requiring public assistance with regard to the assets and income of the person requiring public assistance or the person responsible for his/her support.

• 法務大臣は、第一項の許可をする場合には、法務省令で定めるところにより、当該在留資格未取得外国人に対し、住居及び行動範囲の制限、活動の制限、呼出しに対する出頭の義務その他必要と認める条件を付し、かつ、必要があると認める場合は、指紋を押なつさせることができる。
• When granting the permission set forth in paragraph (1), the Minister of Justice may, pursuant to the provisions of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, impose restrictions on the foreign national without a status of residence on his/her place of residence, area of movement, activities, the obligation to appear upon receiving a summons, and other conditions which may be deemed necessary and, if deemed necessary, his/her fingerprints may be taken.

• 施行日前に電線共同溝の整備等に関する特別措置法第四条第一項の規定により会社が道路管理者に対してした占用の許可の申請に係る同法第五条第二項の電線共同溝の占用予定者の地位は、附則第七条の定めるところにより当該申請に係る権利及び義務を承継した承継会社が承継する。
• The status as an expected occupant for common-use cable tunnel, under the provisions of the Article 5 paragraph (2) of the Special Measures Act on Preparation, etc. for Common-Use Cable Tunnel, pertaining to the application for the permission submitted to the road administrator by the Company under the provisions of Article 4 paragraph (1) of the same act shall be succeeded by the Succeeding Companies which succeeded to the rights and obligations pertaining to said application under the provisions of Article 7 of the Supplementary Provisions.
• The status as an expected occupant for common-use cable tunnel, under the provisions of the Article 5 paragraph (2) of the Special Measures Act on Prepara.ion, etc. for Common-Use Cable Tunnel, pertaining to the application for the permission submitted to the road administrator by the Company under the provisions of Article 4 paragraph (1) of the same act shall be succeeded by the Succeeding Companies which succeeded to the rights and obligations pertaining to said application under the provisions of Article 7 of the Supplementary Provisions.

• 訴訟の目的である権利又は義務が数人について共通であるとき、又は同一の事実上及び法律上の原因に基づくときは、その数人は、共同訴訟人として訴え、又は訴えられることができる。訴訟の目的である権利又は義務が同種であって事実上及び法律上同種の原因に基づくときも、同様とする。
• If rights or obligations that are the subject matter of the suits are common to two or more persons or are based on the same factual or statutory cause, these persons may sue or be sued as co-parties. The same shall apply where rights or obligations that are the subject matter of the suits are of the same kind and based on the same kind of causes in fact or by law.

• この法律又はこの法律に基づく命令の規定により、取引又は行為を行うことにつき許可若しくは承認を受け、又は届出をする義務が課されているときは、政令で定める場合を除き、当該許可若しくは承認を受けないで、又は当該届出をしないで当該取引又は行為に係る支払等をしてはならない。
• When a person is obliged to obtain permission for or approval of a transaction or act or to give notification of a transaction or act pursuant to the provisions of this Act or orders based on this Act, he/she shall not make payment, etc. pertaining to the transaction or act without obtaining the permission or approval or without giving notification, except for cases specified by Cabinet Order.

• 台湾人の就学率は当初緩慢な増加であったが、義務教育制度が施行されると急速に上昇、1944年の台湾では国民学校が944校設置され、就学児童数は876,000人（女子を含む）、台湾人児童の就学率は71.17%、日本人児童では90%を越える世界でも高い就学率を実現した。
• Though the initial enrollment rate for Taiwanese children was slow to increase, it showed a sharp increase with the implementation of the compulsory education system; In 1944, there were 944 elementary schools in Taiwan with 876,000 children (including girls) enrolled and the enrollment rates of Taiwanese children and the Japanese children in Taiwan were 71.17% and 90% respectively, which figures indicated the high enrollment rate in the world.

• 前項の規定は、所有権以外の権利について民事保全法第五十三条第一項の規定による処分禁止の登記がされた後、当該処分禁止の登記に係る仮処分の債権者が当該仮処分の債務者を登記義務者とする当該権利の移転又は消滅に関し登記（仮登記を除く。）を申請する場合について準用する。
• The provision of the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis where a registration of prohibition of disposition of property under the provision of Article 53, paragraph (1) of the Civil Preservation Act was made in relation to a right other than ownership, and subsequently the obligee regarding the provisional disposition to which said registration of prohibition of disposition of property pertains files an application for a registration (excluding a provisional registration) with regard to the transfer or extinction of said right while designating the obligor regarding said provisional disposition as the person obliged to register.

• 新設合併設立会員商品取引所は、その成立の日後遅滞なく、新設合併により新設合併設立会員商品取引所が承継した新設合併消滅会員商品取引所の権利義務その他の新設合併に関する事項として主務省令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• A Member Commodity Exchange Established by a Consolidation-Type Merger shall create a document or an Electromagnetic Record containing matters on the rights and obligations of the Member Commodity Exchange Dissolved in a Consolidation-Type Merger succeeded by the Member Commodity Exchange Established by a Consolidation-Type Merger through the Consolidation-Type Merger and other matters specified by an ordinance of the competent ministry as matters concerning a Consolidation-Type Merger, without delay after the day of its establishment.

• 経済産業大臣は、前項の規定の確実な実施を図るため必要があると認めるときは、非居住者との間で特定技術を同項第一号の特定の地域以外の地域において提供することを目的とする取引を行おうとする居住者に対し、政令で定めるところにより、許可を受ける義務を課することができる。
• When the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry finds it necessary for assured enforcement of the provision of the preceding paragraph, he/she may impose, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, on a resident who intends to conduct transactions, which are designed to provide Specified Technology in a region other than the specified region set forth in item 1 of the said paragraph, with a non-resident, the obligation to obtain permission.

• 内国法人は、この法律により、法人税を納める義務がある。ただし、内国法人である公益法人等又は人格のない社団等については、収益事業を営む場合、法人課税信託の引受けを行う場合又は第八十四条第一項（退職年金等積立金の額の計算）に規定する退職年金業務等を行う場合に限る。
• A domestic corporation shall be liable to pay corporation tax pursuant to this Act; provided, however, that a corporation in the public interest, etc. or association or foundation without juridical personality, which is a domestic corporation, shall be liable only where it conducts a profit-making business, it accepts the position of trustee of a trust subject to corporation taxation or it performs retirement pension services, etc. prescribed in Article 84(1) (Calculation of the Amount of Retirement Pension Fund).

• 死亡した組合員の相続人で組合員たる資格を有する者が組合に対し定款で定める期間内に加入の申出をしたときは、前条の規定にかかわらず、相続開始の時に組合員になつたものとみなす。この場合は、相続人たる組合員は、被相続人の持分について、死亡した組合員の権利義務を承継する。
• When the heir of a deceased member who is qualified to be a member has filed an application to join a cooperative within a period specified by the articles of association, he/she shall be deemed to have become a member at the time of the commencement of succession, notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article. In this case, the member who is an heir shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the deceased member with regard to the equity interest of the decedent.

• 前二項の場合にお いて、損害の発生の後に鉱業権の譲渡があつたときは、損害の発生の時の鉱業権者及びその後の鉱業権者が、損害の発生の後に租鉱権の設定があつたときは、損 害の発生の時の鉱業権者及び損害の発生の後に租鉱権者となつた者が、連帯して損害を賠償する義務を負う。
• In the case specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) above, if a mining right is transferred after occurrence of damage, the holders of the mining right at the time of and after occurrence of damage shall have the obligation to jointly and severally compensate for the damage. If a mining lease right was created after occurrence of damage, the holder of the mining right at the time of occurrence of damage and the person who became the holder of the mining lease right after occurrence of damage shall have the obligation to jointly and severally compensate for the damage.

• 法第二百十二条第五項（源泉徴収義務）に規定する組合員に類する者で政令で定めるものは、同項に規定する組合契約を締結していた組合員並びに第二百八十一条の二第一項第三号（国内において行う組合事業から生ずる利益）に掲げる契約を締結している者及び当該契約を締結していた者とする。
• The person similar to a partner who is specified by a Cabinet Order prescribed in Article 212(5) (Withholding Liability) of the Act shall be the partner who held a partnership contract prescribed in Article 212(5) of the Act and the person who holds or held a contract listed in Article 281-2(1)(iii) (Profit from Partnership Business Conducted in Japan).

• イーター機構は、いかなる種類の資金、通貨、現金又は有価証券も受領し、及び保持することができる。イーター機構は、イーター協定に規定するあらゆる目的のためにそれらを自由に処分し、及びイーター機構の義務を履行するために必要な範囲内でいかなる通貨の勘定も保持することができる。
• The ITER Organization may receive and hold any kind of funds, currency, cash or securities; it may dispose of them freely for any purpose provided for in the ITER Agreement and hold accounts in any currency to the extent required to meet its obligations.

• この道徳は、この点では、古代人の最良のものよりはるかに劣ったものになり、それに含まれるものを行うことで、利己的な誘因のおかげで同胞を顧慮することになるという場合を除けば、各人の義務の感情を同胞の利害から切り離すことによって、人間の道徳性に本質的に利己的な性格を与えるのです。
• in this falling far below the best of the ancients, and doing what lies in it to give to human morality an essentially selfish character, by disconnecting each man's feelings of duty from the interests of his fellow-creatures, except so far as a self-interested inducement is offered to him for consulting them.

• 新設合併設立株式会社商品取引所は、その成立の日後遅滞なく、新設合併により新設合併設立株式会社商品取引所が承継した新設合併消滅商品取引所の権利義務その他の新設合併に関する事項として主務省令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• A Incorporated Commodity Exchange Established by a Consolidation-Type Merger shall create a document or an Electromagnetic Record containing matters on the rights and obligations of the Commodity Exchange Dissolved in a Consolidation-Type Merger succeeded by the Incorporated Commodity Exchange Established by a Consolidation-Type Merger through the Consolidation-Type Merger and other matters specified by an ordinance of the competent ministry as matters concerning a Consolidation-Type Merger, without delay after the day of its establishment.

• 裁判所は、文書提出命令の申立てを理由があると認めるときは、決定で、文書の所持者に対し、その提出を命ずる。この場合において、文書に取り調べる必要がないと認める部分又は提出の義務があると認めることができない部分があるときは、その部分を除いて、提出を命ずることができる。
• The court, when it finds that a petition for an order to submit a document is well-grounded, shall make an order to the effect that the holder of the document should submit the document. In this case, if the document contains any part for which it is found to be unnecessary to be examined or which cannot be found to be subject to the obligation to submit, the court may order submission of the document excluding such part.

• 保険者等　この法律で定めるタンカー油濁損害賠償保障契約においてタンカー所有者の損害をてん補し、若しくは賠償の義務の履行を担保する者又は一般船舶油濁損害賠償等保障契約において一般船舶所有者等の損害をてん補し、若しくは賠償の義務の履行及び費用の支払を担保する者をいう。
• 'Insurer'　means the party who covers the damage of Tanker Owner in the Contract on Insurance or Other Financial Security for Tanker Oil Pollution Damage prescribed in this Act or insure the performance of obligations for damages, or the party who covers the damage of Owner of General Ship in the Contract on Insurance or Other Financial Security for General Ship Oil Pollution Damage prescribed in this Act or insure the performance of obligations for damages and payment of costs.

• 日本銀行は、その業務の公共性にかんがみ、その役員及び職員の職務の適切な執行を確保するため、役員及び職員の職務に専念する義務、私企業からの隔離その他の服務に関する準則を定め、これを財務大臣に届け出るとともに、公表しなければならない。これを変更したときも、同様とする。
• The Bank of Japan shall, in light of the public nature of its business and in order to ensure the proper execution of their duties by its officers and employees, establish rules on service for its officers and employees, such as rules on the obligations to devote themselves to their duties and to separate themselves from private enterprises, and shall report such rules to the Minister of Finance and, at the same time, make them public. The same shall apply when making any change to the rules.

• 会社（株式会社又は合同会社に限る。）は、吸収分割をすることができる。この場合においては、当該会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部又は一部を当該会社から承継する会社（以下この編において「吸収分割承継会社」という。）との間で、吸収分割契約を締結しなければならない。
• A Company (limited to a Stock Company or a Limited Liability Company) may effect an Absorption-type Company Split. In such cases, such Company shall conclude an Absorption-type Company Split agreement with the Company which succeeds to all or part of the rights and obligations held by such Company in connection with its business by transfer from such Company (hereinafter referred to as the 'Succeeding Company in Absorption-type Company Split' in this Part).

• 吸収分割会社が合同会社であるときは、総社員の同意（定款に別段の定めがある場合にあつては、その定めによる手続）があつたことを証する書面（当該合同会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の一部を他の会社に承継させる場合にあつては、社員の過半数の一致があつたことを証する書面）
• in cases where a splitting company in absorption-type company split is a limited liability company, a document evidencing that the consent of all the partners has been obtained (or, in cases where otherwise provided for in its articles of incorporation, that the procedures under said provision have been performed)(in cases where said limited liability company intends to have another company succeed to a part of its rights and obligations held in connection with its business, a document evidencing that the consent of the majority of the partners has been obtained);

• 内国法人又は外国法人は、昭和六十三年四月一日以後に発行された割引債につき支払を受けるべき償還差益について所得税を納める義務があるものとし、その支払を受けるべき金額について百分の十八（特定割引債につき支払を受けるべき償還差益については、百分の十六）の税率を適用して所得税を課する。
• A domestic corporation or foreign corporation shall be liable to pay income tax with respect to profit receivable from redemption of discount bonds issued on or after April 1, 1988, and income tax shall be imposed by applying a tax rate of 18 percent (or 16 percent in the case of profit receivable from redemption of specified discount bonds).

• これらの将来見通しに関する記述は､本プレスリリースの日付時点の記述であり､当社およびFSI社は､本プレスリリースの発表後において､法律で求められ る場合を除き､新しい情報､将来の状況変化､その他の事情により､将来見通しに関する記述の更新または修正を行ういかなる義務も負いません。
• These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this communication and Tokyo Electron assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or developments or otherwise, except as required by law.

• 本規定は、当社が提供する国際送金サービスおよび国際送金受取サービス（いずれも第2条に定義されるサービスをいい、以下、併せて「本サービス」といいます。）に関し、当社と本サービスの利用を希望される方との権利義務に関する取り決めおよび、本サービスの利用に関する条件を取り決めるものとします。
• The purpose of the Terms and Conditions is to stipulate the rights and obligations occurring between the Company and parties who wish to use the International Money Transfer Service and International Money Transfer Receipt Service (hereinafter referred to as the “Services”) offered by the Company, and to stipulate the terms of use concerning the Services.

• 新設分割会社が合同会社であるときは、総社員の同意（定款に別段の定めがある場合にあつては、その定めによる手続）があつたことを証する書面（当該合同会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の一部を他の会社に承継させる場合にあつては、社員の過半数の一致があつたことを証する書面）
• in cases where a splitting company in incorporation-type company split is a limited liability company, a document evidencing that the consent of all the partners has been obtained (or, in cases where otherwise provided for in its articles of incorporation, that the procedures under said provision have been performed)(in cases where said limited liability company intends to have another company succeed to a part of its rights and obligations held in connection with its business, a document evidencing that the consent of the majority of the partners has been obtained);

• 前項の規定によりその行う役務取引等について許可を受ける義務を課された者は、同項の通知により許可を受けなければならないものとして指定された役務取引等を行おうとするときは、財務省令又は経済産業省令で定める手続により、財務大臣又は経済産業大臣の許可を受けなければならない。
• When a person, who has been obliged, pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, to obtain permission for service transactions, etc. that he/she conducts, intends to conduct service transactions, etc. designated by a notice set forth in the said paragraph as those that require permission, he/she shall obtain permission from the Minister of Finance or the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry through procedures specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Finance or the Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

• 法第四十二条第一項の規定の適用がある場合における所得税法施行令第二百六十四条の規定の適用については、同条中「源泉徴収義務）」とあるのは、「源泉徴収義務）又は租税特別措置法第四十二条第一項（免税芸能法人等が支払う芸能人等の役務提供報酬等に係る源泉徴収の特例）」とする。
• With respect to the application of the provisions of Article 264 of the Order for Enforcement of the Income Tax Act where the provisions of Article 42, paragraph (1) of the Act is applied, the term 'Article 212, paragraph (1) (Withholding Liability for Income of Nonresidents or Corporations) of the Act' in said Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 212, paragraph (1) (Withholding Liability for Income of Nonresidents or Corporations) of the Act or Article 42, paragraph (1) (Special Provisions on Withholding at Source for Remuneration, etc. Paid by a Tax-Exempt Entertainment Corporation, etc. to Entertainers, etc. for Their Provision of Services) of the Act on Special Measures Concerning Taxation.'

• 本来、守護には大犯三箇条の義務遂行のため、本人あるいはその代理である役人・使者の国内の公領・荘園への立ち入る権利が認められていたが、鎌倉幕府は国司や領家・本所（権門）との対立を回避するために、国司や領家・本所が守護による干渉を受けない特例地域を設ける事を承認していた。
• Originally not only a shugo but also his officials and emissaries acting as his agents had been empowered to enter domestic koryo and shoen to perform their duties of Taibon Sankajo (three major tasks of peacekeeping), but the Kamakura bakufu agreed to provide special areas in which a kokushi (regional lord), ryoke (lord of the manor), honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor), or kenmon (an influential family) were not interfered with by shugo, in order to avoid a confrontation with them.

• 施行日前に次の表の第一欄に掲げる法律の規定により同表の第二欄に掲げる者に対して会社がした届出は、それぞれ、同表の第一欄に掲げる法律の規定により、附則第七条の定めるところにより当該届出に係る権利及び義務を承継した承継会社が同表の第二欄に掲げる者に対してした届出とみなす。
• The notification submitted to the person listed in the second column of the following table by the Company under the provisions of the Act listed in the first column prior to the effective date of this Act shall be regarded as the notification submitted to the person listed in the second column of said table by the Succeeding Companies which succeeded to the rights and obligations pertaining to said notification under the provisions of Article 7 of the Supplementary Provisions.

• 吸収分割承継株式会社が吸収分割により吸収分割会社から承継する資産、債務、雇用契約その他の権利義務（株式会社である吸収分割会社（以下この編において「吸収分割株式会社」という。）及び吸収分割承継株式会社の株式並びに吸収分割株式会社の新株予約権に係る義務を除く。）に関する事項
• matters concerning the assets, obligations, employment agreements, and any other rights and obligations that the Succeeding Stock Company in Absorption-type Company Split succeeds to by transfer from the Splitting Company in Absorption-type Company Split through the Absorption-type Company Split (excluding obligations pertaining to shares of the Splitting Company in Absorption-type Company Split that is a Stock Company (hereinafter referred to as the 'Splitting Stock Company in Absorption-type Company Split' in this Part) and of the Succeeding Stock Company in Absorption-type Company Split and to Share Options of the Splitting Stock Company in Absorption-type Company Split);

• そこで私は、それが事実であるかないかというような問題を別にして、誰でもその義務をまっとうするほどの人は、せいぜいその仕事をよくしなければならないということを説きすすめると、彼は怪しい影の出現について依然その疑いを解かないまでも、自己の職責をまっとうするということについて一種の慰藉（いしゃ）を感じたらしく、
• Therefore, setting aside all question of reality or unreality between us, I represented to him that whoever thoroughly discharged his duty must do well, and that at least it was his comfort that he understood his duty, though he did not understand these confounding Appearances.

• 今夜はここにとどまりなさい。朝になって、もしその人が、あなたのために親戚の義務をつくすならば、よろしい、その人にさせなさい。しかし主は生きておられます。その人が、あなたのために親戚の義務をつくすことを好まないならば、わたしはあなたのために親戚の義務をつくしましょう。朝までここにおやすみなさい」。 (ルツ記 3:13)
• Stay this night, and it shall be in the morning, that if he will perform for you the part of a kinsman, well; let him do the kinsman's part. But if he will not do the part of a kinsman for you, then will I do the part of a kinsman for you, as Yahweh lives. Lie down until the morning.' (Ruth 3:13)

• 吸収合併存続商品取引所は、効力発生日又は第百四十五条第一項の主務大臣の認可を受けた日のいずれか遅い日に、吸収合併消滅商品取引所の権利義務（当該商品取引所がその行う事業に関し、行政庁の許可、認可その他の処分に基づいて有する権利義務を含む。第三項において同じ。）を承継する。
• A Commodity Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger shall succeed to the rights and obligations of the Commodity Exchanges Dissolved in an Absorption-Type Merger (including the rights and obligations which said Commodity Exchanges have in relation to their businesses based on permission, license, approval or any other disposition by an administrative agency; the same shall apply in paragraph (3)) on the later of the Effective Date or the day of the obtainment of the approval of the competent minister under Article 145, paragraph (1).

• 吸収合併存続会員金融商品取引所は、効力発生日後遅滞なく、吸収合併により吸収合併存続会員金融商品取引所が承継した吸収合併消滅会員金融商品取引所の権利義務その他の吸収合併に関する事項として内閣府令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• A Membership-Type Financial Instruments Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger shall prepare the documents or Electromagnetic Records containing or recording the matters related to the rights and obligations of the Membership-Type Financial Instruments Exchange Extinguished upon an Absorption-Type Merger succeeded by the Membership-Type Financial Instruments Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger as a result of the Absorption-Type Merger and other matters specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as matters concerning an Absorption-Type Merger, without delay after the Effective Date.

• 更に鎌倉時代以後の貨幣経済の発達に乗って官司の供御人の系譜を引く座や商工業者（官司の代わりに生産物を生産・調達して官司に納める義務を有するとされていた）に対する課役権を行使（京都における営業権の意味合いもある）や関所・率分所の設置による収入なども公私の経済の資を支えた。
• Furthermore, as the monetary economy had developed in and after the Kamakura period, the kaeki-ken right (the right to levy duty, which was alternatively considered as the trade rights in Kyoto) was exercised against the 'za' (trade guilds) which had been descended from kugonin (purveyors to the imperial household) as well as merchants and traders (who had to provide guji on his behalf with the produce and products by means of production and acquisition), and an income which was resulted from the set-up of sekisho (barriers) and ritsubunsho (tax storehouses) supported both public and private economy.

• 吸収合併存続会員商品取引所は、吸収合併の効力が生じた日後遅滞なく、吸収合併により吸収合併存続会員商品取引所が承継した吸収合併消滅会員商品取引所の権利義務その他の吸収合併に関する事項として主務省令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• A Member Commodity Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger shall create a document or an Electromagnetic Record containing matters on the rights and obligations of the Member Commodity Exchange Dissolved in an Absorption-Type Merger succeeded by the Member Commodity Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger through the Absorption-Type Merger and other matters specified by an ordinance of the competent ministry as matters concerning an Absorption-Type Merger, without delay after the day on which the Absorption-Type Merger comes into effect.

• 新設合併設立会員金融商品取引所は、その成立の日後遅滞なく、新設合併により新設合併設立会員金融商品取引所が承継した新設合併消滅会員金融商品取引所の権利義務その他の新設合併に関する事項として内閣府令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• A Membership-Type Financial Instruments Exchange Established by the Consolidation-Type Merger shall prepare the documents or the Electromagnetic Records containing or recording matters related to the rights and obligations of the Membership-Type Financial Instruments Exchange Extinguished upon a Consolidation-Type Merger succeeded by the Membership-Type Financial Instruments Exchange Established by a Consolidation-Type Merger as a result of the Consolidation-Type Merger and other matters specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as matters concerning a Consolidation-Type Merger, without delay after the day of its establishment.

• 金融商品取引法第三章第一節第五款（第三十四条の二第六項から第八項まで（特定投資家が特定投資家以外の顧客とみなされる場合）並びに第三十四条の三第五項及び第六項（特定投資家以外の顧客である法人が特定投資家とみなされる場合）を除く。）（特定投資家）、同章第二節第一款（第三十五条から第三十六条の四まで（第一種金融商品取引業又は投資運用業を行う者の業務の範囲、第二種金融商品取引業又は投資助言・代理業のみを行う者の兼業の範囲、顧客に対する誠実義務、標識の掲示、名義貸しの禁止、社債の管理の禁止等）、第三十七条第一項第二号（広告等の規制）、第三十七条の二（取引態様の事前明示義務）、第三十七条の三第一項第二号から第四号まで及び第六号並びに第三項（契約締結前の書面の交付）、第三十七条の四（契約締結時等の書面の交付）、第三十七条の五（保証金の受領に係る書面の交付）、第三十八条第一号及び第二号並びに第三十八条の二（禁止行為）、第三十九条第一項、第二項第二号、第三項及び第五項（損失補てん等の禁止）、第四十条第一号（適合性の原則等）並びに第四十条の二から第四十条の五まで（最良執行方針等、分別管理が確保されていない場合の売買等の禁止、特定投資家向け有価証券の売買等の制限、特定投資家向け有価証券に関する告知義務）を除く。）（通則）及び第四十五条（第三号及び第四号を除く。）（雑則）の規定は、信託会社が行う信託契約（金利、通貨の価格、金融商品市場（同法第二条第十四項に規定する金融商品市場をいう。）における相場その他の指標に係る変動により信託の元本について損失が生ずるおそれがある信託契約として内閣府令で定めるものをいう。以下「特定信託契約」という。）による信託の引受けについて準用する。この場合において、これらの規定中「金融商品取引契約」とあるのは「特定信託契約」と、「金融商品取引業」とあるのは「特定信託契約の締結の業務」と、これらの規定（同法第三十四条の規定を除く。）中「金融商品取引行為」とあるのは「特定信託契約の締結」と、同法第三十四条中「顧客を相手方とし、又は顧客のために金融商品取引行為（第二条第八項各号に掲げる行為をいう。以下同じ。）を行うことを内容とする契約」とあるのは「信託業法第二十四条の二に規定する特定信託契約」と、同法第三十七条の三第一項第一号中「商号、名称又は氏名及び住所」とあるのは「住所」と、同法第三十七条の六第一項中「第三十七条の四第一項」とあるのは「信託業法第二十六条第一項」と、同法第三十九条第二項第一号中「有価証券売買取引等」とあるのは「特定信託契約の締結」と、「前項第一号」とあるのは「損失補てん等（信託業法第二十四条第一項第四号の損失の補てん又は利益の補足をいう。第三号において同じ。）」と、同項第三号中「有価証券売買取引等」とあるのは「特定信託契約の締結」と、「前項第三号の提供」とあるのは「損失補てん等」と、同条第四項中「事故」とあるのは「信託会社の責めに帰すべき事故」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Chapter III, Section 1, Subsection 5 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (Professional Investors) (excluding Article 34-2(6) to (8) inclusive (Cases Where Professional Investors Are Deemed to Be Customers Other Than Professional Investors) and Article 34-3(5) and (6) (Cases Where Juridical Persons Who Are Customers Other than Professional Investors Are Deemed to Be Professional Investors)), the provisions of Chapter III, Section 2, Subsection 1 of that Act (General Rules) (excluding Article 35 to Article 36-4 inclusive (Scope of Business of Persons Who Engage in Type I Financial Instruments Business or Investment Management Business; Scope of Additional Business of Persons Who Only Engage in Type II Financial Instruments Business or Investment Advisory and Agency Business; Duty of Good Faith to Customers; Posting of Signs; Prohibition on Name Lending; Prohibition on Administration of Bonds, etc.), Article 37(1)(ii) (Regulations on Advertising, etc.), Article 37-2 (Obligation to Clarify in Advance), Article 37-3(1)(ii) to (iv) inclusive and (vi) and 37-3(3) (Delivery of Documents Prior to the Conclusion of a Contract), Article 37-4 (Delivery of Documents upon Conclusion of a Contract, etc.), Article 37-5 (Delivery of Documents Pertaining to Receipt of Security Deposits), Article 38(i) and (ii) and Article 38-2 (Prohibited Acts), Article 39(1), Article 39(2)(ii), Article 39(3) and (5) (Prohibition of Compensation of Loss, etc.), Article 40(i) (Rule of Suitability), and Article 40-2 to Article 40-5 inclusive (Best Execution Policy; Prohibition of Sales and Purchases, etc. where Separate Management Is Not Maintained; Restriction on Sales, etc. of Securities to Professional Investors; Obligation to Provide Professional Investors with Information Regarding Securities)), and the provisions of Article 45 (Miscellaneous Provisions) of that Act (excluding items (iii) and (iv)) shall apply mutatis mutandis to acceptance by a Trust Company of a trust under a trust agreement (meaning those that are specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as trust agreements with the risk of a trust principal loss caused by fluctuation in the interest rate, currency value, quotations on a Financial Instruments Market (meaning a Financial Instruments Market as prescribed in Article 2(14) of that Act), or any other index; hereinafter referred to as a 'Specific Trust Agreement'). In this case, the term 'Contract for a Financial Instruments Transaction' and 'Financial Instruments Business' in these provisions shall respectively be deemed to be replaced with 'Specific Trust Agreement' and 'business for the conclusion of Specific Trust Agreements'; the term 'Financial Instruments Transaction' in these provisions (excluding Article 34 of that Act) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of Specific Trust Agreements'; the term 'contract to carry out Acts for a Financial Instruments Transaction (meaning acts listed in the items of Article 2(8); the same shall apply hereinafter) with a customer as the other party or on behalf of a customer' in Article 34 of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Specific Trust Agreements prescribed in Article 24-2 of the Trust Business Act'; the term 'the trade name or name and address' in Article 37-3(1)(i) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the address'; the term 'Article 37-4(1)' in Article 37-6(1) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 26(1) of the Trust Business Act'; the terms 'Sales and Purchases or Other Transactions of Securities, etc.' and 'item (i) of the preceding paragraph' in Article 39(2)(i) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act shall respectively be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of Specific Trust Agreements' and 'Compensation of Losses, etc. (meaning compensation for losses or supplementation of profit as prescribed in Article 24(1)(iv) of the Trust Business Act; the same shall apply in item (iii))'; the term 'Sales and Purchases or Other Transactions of Securities, etc.' and 'provided under item (iii) of the preceding paragraph' in Article 39(2)(iii) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act shall respectively be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of Specific Trust Agreements' and 'pertaining to compensation of losses, etc.'; and the term 'Problematic Conduct' in Article 39(4) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'an accident imputable to a Trust Company.' In addition, the necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 会社法第六十七条（創立総会の招集の決定）、第六十八条（第二項各号を除く。）（創立総会の招集の通知）、第七十条、第七十一条（創立総会参考書類及び議決権行使書面の交付等）、第七十三条第四項（創立総会の決議）、第七十四条から第七十六条まで（議決権の代理行使、書面による議決権の行使、電磁的方法による議決権の行使）、第七十八条から第八十条まで（発起人の説明義務、議長の権限、延期又は続行の決議）及び第八十一条（第四項を除く。）（議事録）の規定は相互会社の創立総会について、同法第八百三十条（株主総会等の決議の不存在又は無効の確認の訴え）、第八百三十一条（株主総会等の決議の取消しの訴え）、第八百三十四条（第十六号及び第十七号に係る部分に限る。）（被告）、第八百三十五条第一項（訴えの管轄）、第八百三十六条第一項及び第三項（担保提供命令）、第八百三十七条（弁論等の必要的併合）、第八百三十八条（認容判決の効力が及ぶ者の範囲）、第八百四十六条（原告が敗訴した場合の損害賠償責任）並びに第九百三十七条第一項（第一号トに係る部分に限る。）（裁判による登記の嘱託）の規定は相互会社の創立総会の決議の不存在若しくは無効の確認又は取消しの訴えについて、それぞれ準用する。この場合において、これらの規定（同法第六十七条第二項及び第八百三十一条第一項を除く。）中「設立時株主」とあり、及び同法第六十七条第二項中「設立時株主（創立総会において決議をすることができる事項の全部につき議決権を行使することができない設立時株主を除く。次条から第七十一条までにおいて同じ。）」とあるのは「社員になろうとする者」と、同法第六十八条第一項中「二週間（前条第一項第三号又は第四号に掲げる事項を定めたときを除き、設立しようとする株式会社が公開会社でない場合にあっては、一週間（当該設立しようとする株式会社が取締役会設置会社以外の株式会社である場合において、これを下回る期間を定款で定めた場合にあっては、その期間））」とあるのは「二週間」と、同条第二項中「次に掲げる場合には、前項」とあるのは「前項」と、同条第五項中「第二十七条第五号又は第五十九条第三項第一号」とあるのは「保険業法第三十条の七第二項第一号」と、同法第八百三十一条第一項中「株主等（当該各号の株主総会等が創立総会又は種類創立総会である場合にあっては、株主等、設立時株主、設立時取締役又は設立時監査役）」とあるのは「相互会社の社員、取締役、監査役若しくは清算人（委員会設置会社にあっては、社員、取締役、執行役又は清算人）又は社員になろうとする者、設立時取締役（保険業法第三十条の十第一項に規定する設立時取締役をいう。以下この項において同じ。）若しくは設立時監査役（同条第一項に規定する設立時監査役をいう。以下この項において同じ。）」と、「取締役、監査役又は清算人（当該決議が株主総会又は種類株主総会の決議である場合にあっては第三百四十六条第一項（第四百七十九条第四項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により取締役、監査役又は清算人としての権利義務を有する者を含み、当該決議が創立総会又は種類創立総会の決議である場合にあっては設立時取締役又は設立時監査役を含む。）」とあるのは「取締役、監査役、清算人、設立時取締役又は設立時監査役」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 67 (Determinations to Call Organizational Meetings), Article 68 (excluding items in paragraph (2)) (Notices of Calling of Organizational Meetings), Articles 70 and Article 71 (Giving of Organizational Meeting Reference Documents and Voting Forms), Article 73, paragraph (4) (Resolutions of Organizational Meetings), Article 74 to 76 inclusive (Proxy Voting, Voting in Writing, Voting by Electromagnetic Means), Article 78 to 80 inclusive (Accountability of Incorporators, Authority of Chairperson, Resolution for Postponement or Adjournment), and Article 81 (excluding paragraph (4)) (Minutes) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Organizational Meeting of a Mutual Company; and the provisions of Article 830 (Action for Declaratory Judgment on Nonexistence or Nullity of Resolution of Shareholders Meeting, etc.), Article 831 (Lawsuit for Rescission of Resolution of Shareholders Meeting, etc.), Article 834 (limited to the segment pertaining to items (xvi) and (xvii)) (Defendant), Article 835, paragraph (1) (Jurisdiction of Claim), Article 836, paragraphs (1) and (3) (Order to Furnish Security), Article 837 (Compulsory Consolidation of Oral Arguments, etc.), Article 838 (Scope of Effect of Judgment in Favor of Claim), Article 846 (Liability for Damages in Case of Defeat of Plaintiff), and Article 937, paragraph (1) (limited to the segment pertaining to item (i), (g)) (Commission of Registration by Judicial Decision) of that Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to an action for a declaratory judgment on nonexistence or nullity of, or rescission of a resolution of a Mutual Company's Organizational Meeting, respectively. In this case, the terms 'Shareholders at Incorporation' in those provisions (excluding Article 67, paragraph (2) and Article 831, paragraph (1) of that Act), and 'Shareholders at Incorporation (excluding Shareholders at Incorporation who may not exercise votes on all matters which may be resolved at Organizational Meetings. The same shall apply in the following Article to Article 71 inclusive.)' in Article 67, paragraph (2) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'prospective members;' the term 'two weeks (or one week if the Stock Company to be incorporated is not a Public Company, except in cases where the matters listed in paragraph (1), item (iii) or (iv) of the preceding Article are decided, (or if a shorter period of time is provided for in the articles of incorporation in cases where the Stock Company to be incorporated is a Stock Company other than a Company with Board of Directors, such shorter period of time))' in Article 68, paragraph (1) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'two weeks;' the term 'shall be in writing in the following cases' in Article 68, paragraph (2) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'shall be in writing;' the term 'Article 27, item (v), or Article 59, paragraph (3), item (i)' in Article 68, paragraph (5) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 30-7, paragraph (2), item (i) of the Insurance Business Act;' the term 'shareholders, etc. (or, shareholders, etc., shareholders at incorporation, directors at incorporation or company auditors at incorporation where the shareholder meeting, etc. set forth in the relevant item is an Organizational Meeting or class Organizational Meeting' in Article 831, paragraph (1) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'members, directors, auditors or liquidators (or, members, directors, executive officers or liquidators in a company with Committees), or prospective members, directors at incorporation (referring to the directors at incorporation set forth in Article 30-10, paragraph (1) of the Insurance Business Act; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) or company auditors at incorporation (referring to the company auditors at incorporation set forth in paragraph (1) of that Article; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) of a Mutual Company;' and the term' directors, company auditors or liquidators (including a person who has the rights and obligations of a director, company auditor or liquidator pursuant to the provision of Article 346, paragraph (1) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 479, paragraph (4)) where the resolution is a resolution of the shareholders meeting or class meeting, and including directors at incorporation or company auditors at incorporation where the resolution is a resolution of the Organizational Meeting or class Organizational Meeting' in the same paragraph of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'directors, company auditors, liquidators, directors at incorporation or company auditors at incorporation;', and any other necessary technical change in interpretation shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 金融商品取引法第三章第一節第五款（第三十四条の二第六項から第八 項まで（特定投資家が特定投資家以外の顧客とみなされる場合）並びに第三十四条の三第五項及び第六項（特定投資家以外の顧客である法人が特定投資家とみな される場合）を除く。）（特定投資家）、同章第二節第一款（第三十五条から第三十六条の四まで（第一種金融商品取引業又は投資運用業を行う者の業務の範 囲、第二種金融商品取引業又は投資助言・代理業のみを行う者の兼業の範囲、顧客に対する誠実義務、標識の掲示、名義貸しの禁止及び社債の管理の禁止等）、 第三十七条第一項第二号（広告等の規制）、第三十七条の二（取引態様の事前明示義務）、第三十七条の三第一項第二号及び第六号並びに第三項（契約締結前の 書面の交付）、第三十七条の五（保証金の受領に係る書面の交付）、第三十八条第一号及び第二号並びに第三十八条の二（禁止行為）、第三十九条第三項ただし 書及び第五項（損失補てん等の禁止）、第四十条の二（最良執行方針等）並びに第四十条の三（分別管理が確保されていない場合の売買等の禁止）を除く。） （通則）及び第四十五条（第三号及び第四号を除く。）（雑則）の規定は、銀行が行う特定預金等契約（特定預金等（金利、通貨の価格、同法第二条第十四項に 規定する金融商品市場における相場その他の指標に係る変動によりその元本について損失が生ずるおそれがある預金又は定期積金等として内閣府令で定めるもの をいう。）の受入れを内容とする契約をいう。以下同じ。）の締結について準用する。この場合において、これらの規定中「金融商品取引契約」とあるのは「特 定預金等契約」と、「金融商品取引業」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結の業務」と、これらの規定（同法第三十四条の規定を除く。）中「金融商品取引行 為」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、同法第三十四条中「顧客を相手方とし、又は顧客のために金融商品取引行為（第二条第八項各号に掲げる行為をい う。以下同じ。）を行うことを内容とする契約」とあるのは「銀行法第十三条の四に規定する特定預金等契約」と、同法第三十七条の三第一項中「交付しなけれ ばならない」とあるのは「交付するほか、預金者等（銀行法第二条第五項に規定する預金者等をいう。以下この項において同じ。）の保護に資するため、内閣府 令で定めるところにより、当該特定預金等契約の内容その他預金者等に参考となるべき情報の提供を行わなければならない」と、同法第三十九条第一項第一号中 「有価証券の売買その他の取引（買戻価格があらかじめ定められている買戻条件付売買その他の政令で定める取引を除く。）又はデリバティブ取引（以下この条 において「有価証券売買取引等」という。）」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、「有価証券又はデリバティブ取引（以下この条において「有価証券等」 という。）」とあるのは「特定預金等契約」と、「顧客（信託会社等（信託会社又は金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律第一条第一項の認可を受けた金融 機関をいう。以下同じ。）が、信託契約に基づいて信託をする者の計算において、有価証券の売買又はデリバティブ取引を行う場合にあつては、当該信託をする 者を含む。以下この条において同じ。）」とあるのは「顧客」と、「補足するため」とあるのは「補足するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、同項第 二号及び第三号中「有価証券売買取引等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、「有価証券等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約」と、同項第二号中「追加する ため」とあるのは「追加するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、同項第三号中「追加するため、」とあるのは「追加するため、当該特定預金等契約に よらないで」と、同条第二項中「有価証券売買取引等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、同条第三項中「原因となるものとして内閣府令で定めるもの」 とあるのは「原因となるもの」と、同法第四十五条第二号中「第三十七条の二から第三十七条の六まで、第四十条の二第四項及び第四十三条の四」とあるのは 「第三十七条の三（第一項の書面の交付に係る部分に限り、同項第二号及び第六号並びに第三項を除く。）、第三十七条の四及び第三十七条の六」と読み替える ものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Subsection 5 of Section 1 of Chapter III of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (excluding Article 34-2(6) to (8) inclusive (Cases Where a Professional Investor Will be Deemed to be a Customer Other than Professional Investor) and Article 34-3(5) and (6) inclusive (Cases Where a Juridical Person who Is a Customer Other Than Professional Investor Will Be Deemed to Be a Professional Investor)) (Professional Investors), Subsection 1 of Section 2 of that Chapter (excluding Articles 35 to 36-4 inclusive (' Scope of Businesses of Persons Who Engage in Type I Financial Instruments Business or Investment Management Business, Scope of Subsidiary Businesses of Persons Who Only Engage in Type II Financial Instruments Business or Investment Advisory and Agency Business, Duty of Good Faith to Customers, Posting of Signs, Prohibition of Name Lending, and Prohibition of Administration of Bonds), Article 37(1)(ii) (Regulation of Advertising, etc.), Article 37-2 (Obligation to Clarify Conditions of Transactions in Advance), Article 37-3(1)(ii) and (vi) and Article 37-3(3) (Delivery of Document Prior to Conclusion of Contract), Article 37-5 (Delivery of Document Pertaining to Receipt of Security Deposit), Article 38(i) and (ii) and Article 38-2 (Prohibited Acts), the proviso to Article 39(3) and Article 39(5) (Prohibition of Compensation of Loss, etc.), Article 40-2 (Best Execution Policy) and Article 40-3 (Prohibition of Sales and Purchase, etc. Where Separate Management Is not Ensured)) (General Rules) and Article 45 (excluding items (iii) and (iv)) (Miscellaneous Provisions) shall apply mutatis mutandis to conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. (meaning contracts on acceptance of Specified Deposits, etc. (meaning those that are specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as deposits or Installment Savings, etc. with the risk of a principal loss caused by fluctuations pertaining to the interest rate, currency value, quotations on a financial instruments market prescribed in Article 2(14) of that Act, or any other index); the same shall apply hereinafter) by a Bank. In this case, the term 'Contract for Financial Instruments Transaction' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.,'; the term 'Financial Instruments Business' shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Business of Concluding Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.,'; the term 'Act of Financial Instruments Transaction' in these provisions (excluding the provisions in Article 34 of that Act) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.,'; the phrase 'contract to conduct Acts of Financial Instruments Transaction (meaning acts listed in each item of Article 2(8); the same shall apply hereinafter) with a customer as the other party or on behalf of a customer' in Article 34 of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. as Prescribed in Article 13-4 of the Banking Act,'; the phrase '; provided' in Article 37-3(1) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'and shall, in order to contribute to the protection of Depositors, etc. (meaning Depositors, etc. prescribed in Article 2(5) of the Banking Act; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph), provide the customer in advance with information on the contents of the Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc. and other information that would be helpful for the Depositors, etc., pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance; provided,'; the phrase 'sales and purchase and any other transaction of Securities (excluding sales and purchase on condition of repurchase for which the repurchase price is set in advance and other transactions specified by a Cabinet Order) or of Derivative Transactions (hereinafter referred to as 'Sales and Purchase or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' in this Article)' in Article 39(1)(i) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.,'; the phrase 'Securities or Derivative Transactions (hereinafter referred to as 'Securities, etc.' in this Article)' in that item shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.,'; the phrase 'customer (in the case where a Trust Company, etc. (meaning a trust company or financial institution that has obtained authorization under Article 1(1) of the Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions; the same shall apply hereinafter) conducts sales and purchase of Securities or Derivative Transactions for the account of the person who sets a trust under a trust contract, including that person who sets the trust; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article)' in that item shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Customers,'; the phrase 'make up for' in that item shall be deemed to be replaced with 'make up, outside that Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc., for,'; the term 'Sales and Purchase or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' in items (ii) and (iii) of that paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.,'; the term 'Securities, etc.' in those items shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.,'; the phrase 'make an addition to' in item (ii) of that paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'make an addition, outside that Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc., to,'; the term 'make an addition to' in item (iii) of that paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'make an addition, outside that Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc., to,'; the term 'Sales and Purchase or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' in paragraph (2) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.,'; the phrase 'that is specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as a potential cause of' in paragraph (3) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'that is a potential cause of,'; the phrase 'Articles 37-2 to 37-6 inclusive, Article 40-2(4), and Article 43-4' in Article 45(ii) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 37-3 (limited to the part pertaining to delivery of a document set forth in paragraph (1) and excluding items (ii) and (vi) of that paragraph and paragraph (3)), Article 37-4 and Article 37-6,'; and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 金融商品取引法第三章第二節第一款（第三十五条から第三 十六条の四まで（第一種金融商品取引業又は投資運用業を行う者の業務の範囲、第二種金融商品取引業又は投資助言・代理業のみを行う者の兼業の範囲、顧客に 対する誠実義務、標識の掲示、名義貸しの禁止及び社債の管理の禁止等）、第三十七条第一項第二号（広告等の規制）、第三十七条の二（取引態様の事前明示義 務）、第三十七条の三第一項第二号及び第六号並びに第三項（契約締結前の書面の交付）、第三十七条の五（保証金の受領に係る書面の交付）、第三十七条の六 第一項、第二項、第四項ただし書及び第五項（書面による解除）、第三十八条第一号及び第二号並びに第三十八条の二（禁止行為）、第三十九条第三項ただし書 及び第五項（損失補てん等の禁止）、第四十条の二（最良執行方針等）並びに第四十条の三（分別管理が確保されていない場合の売買等の禁止）を除く。）（通 則）の規定は、銀行代理業者が行う特定預金等契約の締結の代理又は媒介について準用する。この場合において、これらの規定中「金融商品取引業」とあるのは 「銀行法第十三条の四に規定する特定預金等契約の締結の代理又は媒介の業務」と、「金融商品取引行為」とあるのは「銀行法第十三条の四に規定する特定預金 等契約の締結」と、これらの規定（同法第三十七条の六第三項の規定を除く。）中「金融商品取引契約」とあるのは「銀行法第十三条の四に規定する特定預金等 契約」と、同法第三十七条の三第一項中「を締結しようとするとき」とあるのは「の締結の代理又は媒介を行うとき」と、「交付しなければならない」とあるの は「交付するほか、預金者等（銀行法第二条第五項に規定する預金者等をいう。以下この項において同じ。）の保護に資するため、内閣府令で定めるところによ り、当該特定預金等契約の内容その他預金者等に参考となるべき情報の提供を行わなければならない」と、同項第一号中「金融商品取引業者等」とあるのは「銀 行代理業者（銀行法第二条第十五項に規定する銀行代理業者をいう。）の所属銀行（同条第十六項に規定する所属銀行をいう。）」と、同法第三十七条の六第三 項中「金融商品取引契約の解除があつた場合には」とあるのは「特定預金等契約（銀行法第十三条の四に規定する特定預金等契約をいう。第三十九条において同 じ。）の解除に伴い銀行に損害賠償その他の金銭の支払をした場合において」と、「金融商品取引契約の解除までの期間に相当する手数料、報酬その他の当該金 融商品取引契約に関して顧客が支払うべき対価（次項において「対価」という。）の額として内閣府令で定める金額を超えて当該金融商品取引契約の解除」とあ るのは「支払」と、「又は違約金の支払を」とあるのは「その他の金銭の支払を、解除をした者に対し、」と、同法第三十九条第一項第一号中「有価証券の売買 その他の取引（買戻価格があらかじめ定められている買戻条件付売買その他の政令で定める取引を除く。）又はデリバティブ取引（以下この条において「有価証 券売買取引等」という。）」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、「有価証券又はデリバティブ取引（以下この条において「有価証券等」という。）」とあ るのは「特定預金等契約」と、「顧客（信託会社等（信託会社又は金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律第一条第一項の認可を受けた金融機関をいう。以下 同じ。）が、信託契約に基づいて信託をする者の計算において、有価証券の売買又はデリバティブ取引を行う場合にあつては、当該信託をする者を含む。以下こ の条において同じ。）」とあるのは「顧客」と、「補足するため」とあるのは「補足するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、同項第二号及び第三号中 「有価証券売買取引等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、「有価証券等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約」と、同項第二号中「追加するため」とあるのは 「追加するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、同項第三号中「追加するため、」とあるのは「追加するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、 同条第二項中「有価証券売買取引等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、同条第三項中「原因となるものとして内閣府令で定めるもの」とあるのは「原因 となるもの」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Subsection 1 of Section 2 of Chapter III of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (excluding Article 35 to 36-4 inclusive (Scope of Businesses of Persons Who Engage in Type I Financial Instruments Business or Investment Management Business, Scope of Subsidiary Businesses of Persons Who Only Engage in Type II Financial Instruments Business or Investment Advisory and Agency Business, Duty of Good Faith to Customers, Posting of Signs, Prohibition of Name Lending, Prohibition of Administration of Bonds), Article 37(1)(ii) (Regulation of Advertising, etc.), Article 37-2 (Obligation to Clarify Conditions of Transactions in Advance), Article 37-3(1)(ii) and (vi) and Article 37-3(3) (Delivery of Document prior to Conclusion of Contract), Article 37-5 (Delivery of Document Pertaining to Receipt of Security Deposit), Article 37-6(1) and (2), the proviso to Article 37-6 (4) and Article 37-6(5)(Cancellation by Means of Document), Article 38(i) and (ii) and Article 38-2 (Prohibited Acts), the proviso to Article 39(3) and Article 39(5) (Prohibition of Compensation of Loss, etc.), Article 40-2 (Best Execution Policy) and Article 40-3 (Prohibition of Sales and Purchase, etc. Where Separate Management Is not Ensured)) (General Rules) shall apply mutatis mutandis to agency or intermediary for conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. by a Bank Agency. In this case, the term 'Financial Instruments Business' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'agency service or intermediary service for conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. as defined in Article 13-4 of the Banking Act,'; the term 'Act of Financial Instruments Transaction' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. as defined in Article 13-4 of the Banking Act,'; the term 'Contract for Financial Instruments Transaction' in these provisions (excluding Article 37-6(3)) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc. as defined in Article 13-4 of the Banking Act,'; the terms 'intends to conclude' in Article 37-3(1) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conducts agency service or intermediary service for conclusion of,'; the term '; provided' shall be deemed to be replaced with 'and shall, in order to contribute to the protection of Depositors, etc. (meaning Depositors, etc. as defined in Article 2(5) of the Banking Act; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph), provide the customer in advance with information on the contents of the Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc. and other information that would be helpful for the Depositors, etc., pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance; provided'; the term 'Financial Instruments Business Operator, etc.' in Article 37-3(1)(i) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the Principal Bank (meaning an Principal Bank as defined in Article 2(16) of the Banking Act) for which the Bank Agent (meaning a Bank Agent as defined in Article 2(15) of the Banking Act) is acting,'; the terms 'Where a Contract for Financial Instruments Transaction has been cancelled' and 'the customer to pay damages or penalty for the cancellation of that Contract for Financial Instruments Transaction beyond the amount designated by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as the amount of fees, remuneration or any other Consideration payable by the customer with regard to that contract for financial instruments transaction (referred to as 'Consideration' in the following paragraph) for the period until the cancellation of that Contract for Financial Instruments Transaction' in Article 37-6(3) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'When he/she has paid money to a Bank as damages or otherwise for cancellation of a Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc. (meaning a Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc. as defined in Article 13-4 of the Banking Act; the same shall apply in Article 39) made' and 'person who canceled the contract to pay money as damages or otherwise for the payment he/she has made to the Bank,' respectively; the terms 'sales and purchase or any other transaction of Securities (excluding sales and purchase on condition of repurchase for which the repurchase price is set in advance or other transactions designated by a Cabinet Order) or Derivative Transactions (hereinafter referred to as 'Sales and Purchase or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' in this Article),' 'the customer (in the case where a Trust Company, etc. (meaning a trust company or financial institution that has obtained authorization under Article 1(1) of the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations; the same shall apply hereinafter) conducts sales and purchase of Securities or Derivative Transactions for the account of the person who sets a trust under a trust contract, including such person who sets the trust; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article),' 'Securities or Derivative Transactions (hereinafter referred to as 'Securities, etc.' in this Article)' and 'make up' in Article 39(1)(i) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of a Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.,' 'the customer,' 'Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.' and 'make up, not through the Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.,' respectively; the terms 'Sales and Purchase or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' and 'Securities, etc.' in Article 39(1)(ii) and (iii) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of a Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.' and 'Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.,' respectively; the term 'make an addition to the profit accrued to the customer from such Securities, etc.' in Article 39(1)(ii) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'make an addition to the profit accrued to the customer from the Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc., not through the Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.,'; the term 'make an addition to the profit accrued to the customer from Such Securities, etc.' in Article 39(1)(iii) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'make an addition to the profit accrued to the customer from the Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc., not through the Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.,'; the term 'Sales and Purchase or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' in Article 39(2) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of a Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.,'; the term 'that is specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as a potential cause of a dispute' in Article 39(2) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'that may become a cause of dispute,'; and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 金融商品取引法第三章第一節第五款（第三十四条の二第六項から第八項まで（特定投資家が特定投資家以外の顧客とみなされる場合）並びに第三十四条の三第五項及び第六項（特定投資家以外の顧客である法人が特定投資家とみなされる場合）を除く。）（特定投資家）、同章第二節第一款（第三十五条から第三十六条の四まで（第一種金融商品取引業又は投資運用業を行う者の業務の範囲、第二種金融商品取引業又は投資助言・代理業のみを行う者の兼業の範囲、顧客に対する誠実義務、標識の掲示、名義貸しの禁止、社債の管理の禁止等）、第三十七条第一項第二号（広告等の規制）、第三十七条の二（取引態様の事前明示義務）、第三十七条の三第一項第二号及び第六号並びに第三項（契約締結前の書面の交付）、第三十七条の五（保証金の受領に係る書面の交付）、第三十七条の七（指定紛争解決機関との契約締結義務等）、第三十八条第一号及び第二号並びに第三十八条の二（禁止行為）、第三十九条第三項ただし書及び第五項（損失補てん等の禁止）並びに第四十条の二から第四十条の五まで（最良執行方針等、分別管理が確保されていない場合の売買等の禁止、特定投資家向け有価証券の売買等の制限、特定投資家向け有価証券に関する告知義務）を除く。）（通則）及び第四十五条（第三号及び第四号を除く。）（雑則）の規定は、銀行が行う特定預金等契約（特定預金等（金利、通貨の価格、同法第二条第十四項に規定する金融商品市場における相場その他の指標に係る変動によりその元本について損失が生ずるおそれがある預金又は定期積金等として内閣府令で定めるものをいう。）の受入れを内容とする契約をいう。以下同じ。）の締結について準用する。この場合において、これらの規定中「金融商品取引契約」とあるのは「特定預金等契約」と、「金融商品取引業」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結の業務」と、これらの規定（同法第三十四条の規定を除く。）中「金融商品取引行為」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、同法第三十四条中「顧客を相手方とし、又は顧客のために金融商品取引行為（第二条第八項各号に掲げる行為をいう。以下同じ。）を行うことを内容とする契約」とあるのは「銀行法第十三条の四に規定する特定預金等契約」と、同法第三十七条の三第一項中「交付しなければならない」とあるのは「交付するほか、預金者等（銀行法第二条第五項に規定する預金者等をいう。以下この項において同じ。）の保護に資するため、内閣府令で定めるところにより、当該特定預金等契約の内容その他預金者等に参考となるべき情報の提供を行わなければならない」と、同法第三十九条第一項第一号中「有価証券の売買その他の取引（買戻価格があらかじめ定められている買戻条件付売買その他の政令で定める取引を除く。）又はデリバティブ取引（以下この条において「有価証券売買取引等」という。）」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、「有価証券又はデリバティブ取引（以下この条において「有価証券等」という。）」とあるのは「特定預金等契約」と、「顧客（信託会社等（信託会社又は金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律第一条第一項の認可を受けた金融機関をいう。以下同じ。）が、信託契約に基づいて信託をする者の計算において、有価証券の売買又はデリバティブ取引を行う場合にあつては、当該信託をする者を含む。以下この条において同じ。）」とあるのは「顧客」と、「補足するため」とあるのは「補足するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、同項第二号及び第三号中「有価証券売買取引等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、「有価証券等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約」と、同項第二号中「追加するため」とあるのは「追加するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、同項第三号中「追加するため、」とあるのは「追加するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、同条第二項中「有価証券売買取引等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、同条第三項中「原因となるものとして内閣府令で定めるもの」とあるのは「原因となるもの」と、同法第四十五条第二号中「第三十七条の二から第三十七条の六まで、第四十条の二第四項及び第四十三条の四」とあるのは「第三十七条の三（第一項の書面の交付に係る部分に限り、同項第二号及び第六号並びに第三項を除く。）、第三十七条の四及び第三十七条の六」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Chapter III, Section 1, Subsection 5 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (excluding Article 34-2, paragraphs (6) to (8) inclusive (Cases Where a Professional Investor Will Be Deemed to Be a Customer Other than Professional Investor) and Article 34-3, paragraphs (5) and (6) inclusive (Cases Where a Juridical Person Who Is a Customer Other Than a Professional Investor Will Be Deemed to Be a Professional Investor)) (Professional Investors), Section 2, Subsection 1 of that Chapter (excluding Articles 35 to 36-4 inclusive (Scope of Business Activities of Persons Who Engage in Type I Financial Instruments Services or Investment Management, Scope of Concurrent Business Activities of Persons Who Only Engage in Type II Financial Instruments Services or Investment Advisory and Agency Services, Duty of Good Faith to Customers, Posting of Signs, Prohibition on Name Lending, Prohibition on Administration of Corporate Bonds), Article 37, paragraph (1), item (ii) (Regulations on Advertising, etc.), Article 37-2 (Obligation to Clarify Conditions of Transactions in Advance), Article 37-3, paragraph (1), items (ii) and (vi) and Article 37-3, paragraph (3) (Delivery of Documents Prior to the Conclusion of a Contract), Article 37-5 (Delivery of Documents Pertaining to the Receipt of Security Deposits), Article 37-7 (Obligation to Conclude a Contract, etc. with a Designated Dispute Resolution Organization), Article 38, items (i) and (ii) and Article 38-2 (Prohibited Acts), the proviso to Article 39, paragraph (3) and Article 39, paragraph (5) (Prohibition of Compensation of Loss, etc.) and Articles 40-2 to 40-5 inclusive (Best Execution Policy, Prohibition on Purchase and Sale, etc. Where Separate Management Is not Ensured, Limitation on the Purchase and Sale, etc. of Securities for Professional Investors, Obligation of Notification in Relation to Securities for Professional Investors)) (General Rules) and Article 45 (excluding items (iii) and (iv)) (Miscellaneous Provisions) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. (meaning contracts on acceptance of Specified Deposits, etc. (meaning those that are specified by Cabinet Office Ordinance as deposits or Installment Savings, etc. with the risk of a principal loss caused by fluctuations pertaining to the interest rate, currency value, quotations on a financial instruments market prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (14) of that Act, or any other index); the same shall apply hereinafter) by a Bank. In this case, the term 'Contract for a Financial Instruments Transaction' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.'; the term 'Financial Instruments Services' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Concluding Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.'; the term 'Act of Executing a Financial Instruments Transaction' in these provisions (excluding the provisions of Article 34 of that Act) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.'; the phrase 'contract to conduct the Act of Financial Instruments Transactions (meaning an act listed in the items of Article 2, paragraph (8); the same shall apply hereinafter) with a customer as the other party or on behalf of a customer' in Article 34 of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. as Prescribed in Article 13-4 of the Banking Act'; the phrase '; provided' in Article 37-3, paragraph (1) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'and shall, in order to contribute to the protection of Depositors, etc. (meaning Depositors, etc. prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (5) of the Banking Act; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph), provide the customer with information on the contents of the Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc. and other information that would be helpful for the Depositors, etc. in advance, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Office Ordinance; provided'; the phrase 'purchase and sale or other transaction of Securities (excluding a purchase and sale on condition of repurchase for which the repurchase price is set in advance and other transactions specified by Cabinet Order) or Derivative Transactions (hereinafter referred to as the 'Purchase and Sale or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' in this Article)' in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (i) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.'; the phrase 'Securities or Derivative Transactions (hereinafter collectively referred to as 'Securities, etc.' in this Article)' in that item shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.'; the phrase 'customer (in cases where a Trust Company, etc. (meaning a trust company or financial institution that has obtained authorization under Article 1, paragraph (1) of the Act on Engagement in Trust Business by a Financial Institution; the same shall apply hereinafter) conducts the purchase and sale of Securities or Derivative Transactions on the account of the person who establishes a trust under a trust contract, including such person who establishes the trust; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article)' in that item shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Customers'; the phrase 'make up for' in that item shall be deemed to be replaced with 'make up for, outside that Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.'; the term 'Purchase and Sale or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' in Article 39, paragraph (1), items (ii) and (iii) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.'; the term 'Securities, etc.' in those items shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.'; the phrase 'make an addition to' in item (ii) of that paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'make an addition to, outside that Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.'; the term 'make an addition to' in item (iii) of that paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'make an addition to, outside that Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.'; the term 'Purchase and Sale or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' in paragraph (2) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.'; the phrase 'that is specified by Cabinet Office Ordinance as a potential cause of' in paragraph (3) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'that may be a potential cause of'; the phrase 'Articles 37-2 to 37-6 inclusive, Article 40-2, paragraph (4), and Article 43-4' in Article 45, item (ii) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 37-3 (limited to the part pertaining to delivery of a document set forth in paragraph (1) and excluding items (ii) and (vi) of that paragraph and paragraph (3)), Article 37-4 and Article 37-6'; and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 金融商品取引法第三章第二節第一款（第三十五条から第三十六条の四まで（第一種金融商品取引業又は投資運用業を行う者の業務の範囲、第二種金融商品取引業又は投資助言・代理業のみを行う者の兼業の範囲、顧客に対する誠実義務、標識の掲示、名義貸しの禁止、社債の管理の禁止等）、第三十七条第一項第二号（広告等の規制）、第三十七条の二（取引態様の事前明示義務）、第三十七条の三第一項第二号及び第六号並びに第三項（契約締結前の書面の交付）、第三十七条の五（保証金の受領に係る書面の交付）、第三十七条の六第一項、第二項、第四項ただし書及び第五項（書面による解除）、第三十七条の七（指定紛争解決機関との契約締結義務等）、第三十八条第一号及び第二号並びに第三十八条の二（禁止行為）、第三十九条第三項ただし書及び第五項（損失補てん等の禁止）並びに第四十条の二から第四十条の五まで（最良執行方針等、分別管理が確保されていない場合の売買等の禁止、特定投資家向け有価証券の売買等の制限、特定投資家向け有価証券に関する告知義務）を除く。）（通則）の規定は、銀行代理業者が行う銀行代理業に係る特定預金等契約の締結の代理又は媒介について準用する。この場合において、これらの規定中「金融商品取引業」とあるのは「銀行法第十三条の四に規定する特定預金等契約の締結の代理又は媒介の業務」と、「金融商品取引行為」とあるのは「銀行法第十三条の四に規定する特定預金等契約の締結」と、これらの規定（同法第三十七条の六第三項の規定を除く。）中「金融商品取引契約」とあるのは「銀行法第十三条の四に規定する特定預金等契約」と、同法第三十七条の三第一項中「を締結しようとするとき」とあるのは「の締結の代理又は媒介を行うとき」と、「交付しなければならない」とあるのは「交付するほか、預金者等（銀行法第二条第五項に規定する預金者等をいう。以下この項において同じ。）の保護に資するため、内閣府令で定めるところにより、当該特定預金等契約の内容その他預金者等に参考となるべき情報の提供を行わなければならない」と、同項第一号中「金融商品取引業者等」とあるのは「銀行代理業者（銀行法第二条第十五項に規定する銀行代理業者をいう。）の所属銀行（同条第十六項に規定する所属銀行をいう。）」と、同法第三十七条の六第三項中「金融商品取引契約の解除があつた場合には」とあるのは「特定預金等契約（銀行法第十三条の四に規定する特定預金等契約をいう。第三十九条において同じ。）の解除に伴い銀行に損害賠償その他の金銭の支払をした場合において」と、「金融商品取引契約の解除までの期間に相当する手数料、報酬その他の当該金融商品取引契約に関して顧客が支払うべき対価（次項において「対価」という。）の額として内閣府令で定める金額を超えて当該金融商品取引契約の解除」とあるのは「支払」と、「又は違約金の支払を」とあるのは「その他の金銭の支払を、解除をした者に対し、」と、同法第三十九条第一項第一号中「有価証券の売買その他の取引（買戻価格があらかじめ定められている買戻条件付売買その他の政令で定める取引を除く。）又はデリバティブ取引（以下この条において「有価証券売買取引等」という。）」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、「有価証券又はデリバティブ取引（以下この条において「有価証券等」という。）」とあるのは「特定預金等契約」と、「顧客（信託会社等（信託会社又は金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律第一条第一項の認可を受けた金融機関をいう。以下同じ。）が、信託契約に基づいて信託をする者の計算において、有価証券の売買又はデリバティブ取引を行う場合にあつては、当該信託をする者を含む。以下この条において同じ。）」とあるのは「顧客」と、「補足するため」とあるのは「補足するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、同項第二号及び第三号中「有価証券売買取引等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、「有価証券等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約」と、同項第二号中「追加するため」とあるのは「追加するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、同項第三号中「追加するため、」とあるのは「追加するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、同条第二項中「有価証券売買取引等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、同条第三項中「原因となるものとして内閣府令で定めるもの」とあるのは「原因となるもの」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Chapter III, Section 2, Subsection 1 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (excluding Articles 35 to 36-4 inclusive (Scope of Business activities of Persons Who Engage in Type I Financial Instruments Services or Investment Management, Scope of Subsidiary Business activities of Persons Who Only Engage in Type II Financial Instruments Services or Investment Advisory and Agency Services, Duty of Good Faith to Customers, Posting of Signs, Prohibition of Name Lending, Prohibition of Administration of Corporate Bonds), Article 37, paragraph (1), item (ii) (Regulation of Advertising, etc.), Article 37-2 (Obligation to Clarify Conditions of Transactions in Advance), Article 37-3, paragraph (1), items (ii) and (vi) and Article 37-3, paragraph (3) (Delivery of Document prior to Conclusion of Contract), Article 37-5 (Delivery of Document Pertaining to Receipt of Security Deposit), Article 37-6, paragraphs (1) and (2), the proviso to Article 37-6, paragraph (4) and Article 37-6, paragraph (5) (Cancellation by Means of Document), Article 37-7 (Obligation to Conclude a Contract, etc. with a Designated Dispute Resolution Organization), Article 38, items (i) and (ii) and Article 38-2 (Prohibited Acts), the proviso to Article 39, paragraph (3) and Article 39, paragraph (5) (Prohibition of Compensation of Loss, etc.), Articles 40-2 to 40-5 inclusive (Best Execution Policy, Prohibition of Purchase and Sale, etc. Where Separate Management Is not Ensured, Limitation on Sale and Purchase, etc. of Securities for Professional Investors, Obligation of Notification in Relation to Securities for Professional Investors)) (General Rules) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to agency or intermediary for conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. by a Bank Agency. In this case, the term 'Financial Instruments Business' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'agency or intermediation for the conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. as defined in Article 13-4 of the Banking Act'; the term 'Act of Executing a Financial Instruments Transaction' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. as defined in Article 13-4 of the Banking Act'; the term 'Contract for Financial Instruments Transaction' in the aforementioned provisions (excluding Article 37-6, paragraph (3)) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc. as defined in Article 13-4 of the Banking Act'; the terms 'wishes to conclude' in Article 37-3, paragraph (1) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'engages in agency or intermediation for the conclusion of'; the term '; provided' in that paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'and shall, in order to contribute to the protection of Depositors, etc. (meaning Depositors, etc. as defined in Article 2, paragraph (5) of the Banking Act; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph), provide the customer with information on the contents of the Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc. and other information that would be helpful for the Depositors, etc. in advance, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Office Ordinance; provided'; the term 'Financial Instruments Specialist, etc.' in Article 37-3, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the Principal Bank (meaning an Principal Bank as defined in Article 2, paragraph (16) of the Banking Act) for which the Bank Agent (meaning a Bank Agent as defined in Article 2, paragraph (15) of the Banking Act) is acting'; the terms 'Where a Contract for Financial Instruments Transaction has been cancelled' and 'the customer to pay damages or penalty for the cancellation of that Contract for Financial Instruments Transaction beyond the amount specified by Cabinet Office Ordinance as the amount of fees, remuneration or any other Consideration payable by the customer with regard to that contract for Financial Instruments Transaction (referred to as a 'Consideration' in the following paragraph) for the period until the cancellation of that Contract for Financial Instruments Transaction' in Article 37-6, paragraph (3) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'When a Financial Instruments Specialist has paid money to a Bank as damages or otherwise for cancellation of a Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc. (meaning a Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc. as defined in Article 13-4 of the Banking Act; the same shall apply in Article 39) made' and 'person who canceled the contract to pay money as damages or otherwise for the payment he/she has made to the Bank,' respectively; the terms 'purchase and sale or other transactions of Securities (excluding purchase and sale on condition of repurchase for which the repurchase price is set in advance and other transactions specified by Cabinet Order) or Derivative Transactions (hereinafter referred to as 'Purchase and Sale or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' in this Article),' 'the customer (in the case where a Trust Company, etc. (meaning a trust company or financial institution that has obtained authorization under Article 1, paragraph (1) of the Act on Engagement in Trust Business by a Financial Institution; the same shall apply hereinafter) conducts purchase and sale of Securities or Derivative Transactions on the account of the person who sets a trust under a trust contract, including such person who sets the trust; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article),' 'Securities or Derivative Transactions (hereinafter referred to as 'Securities, etc.' in this Article)' and 'make up' in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of a Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.,' 'the customer,' 'Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.' and 'make up, not through the Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.,' respectively; the terms 'Purchase and Sale or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' and 'Securities, etc.' in Article 39, paragraph (1), items (ii) and (iii) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of a Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.' and 'Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.,' respectively; the term 'make an addition' in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (ii) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'make an addition, not through the Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.'; the term 'make an addition' in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (iii) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'make an addition, not through the Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.'; the term 'Purchase and Sale or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' in Article 39, paragraph (2) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of a Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.'; the term 'that is specified by Cabinet Office Ordinance as a potential cause of' in Article 39, paragraph (3) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'that may be a potential cause of'; and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by Cabinet Order.

• 金融商品取引法第三章第一節第五款（第三十四条の二第六項から第八項まで（特定投資家が特定投資家以外の顧客とみなされる場合）並びに第三十四条の三第五項及び第六項（特定投資家以外の顧客である法人が特定投資家とみなされる場合）を除く。）（特定投資家）、同章第二節第一款（第三十五条から第三十六条の四まで（第一種金融商品取引業又は投資運用業を行う者の業務の範囲、第二種金融商品取引業又は投資助言・代理業のみを行う者の兼業の範囲、顧客に対する誠実義務、標識の掲示、名義貸しの禁止、社債の管理の禁止等）、第三十七条第一項第二号（広告等の規制）、第三十七条の二（取引態様の事前明示義務）、第三十七条の三第一項第二号及び第六号並びに第三項（契約締結前の書面の交付）、第三十七条の五から第三十七条の七まで（保証金の受領に係る書面の交付、書面による解除、指定紛争解決機関との契約締結義務等）、第三十八条第一号及び第二号並びに第三十八条の二（禁止行為）、第三十九条第三項ただし書及び第五項（損失補てん等の禁止）並びに第四十条の二から第四十条の五まで（最良執行方針等、分別管理が確保されていない場合の売買等の禁止、特定投資家向け有価証券の売買等の制限、特定投資家向け有価証券に関する告知義務）を除く。）（通則）及び第四十五条（第三号及び第四号を除く。）（雑則）の規定は、外国銀行代理銀行（第五十二条の二第一項の認可を受け、又は同条第二項の規定による届出をして外国銀行代理業務を営んでいる銀行をいう。以下同じ。）が行う外国銀行代理業務に係る特定預金等契約の締結の代理又は媒介について準用する。この場合において、これらの規定中「金融商品取引契約」とあるのは「特定預金等契約」と、「金融商品取引業」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結の代理又は媒介の業務」と、「締結の勧誘又は締結」とあるのは「締結の勧誘又は締結の代理若しくは媒介」と、これらの規定（同法第三十四条の規定を除く。）中「金融商品取引行為」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、同法第三十四条中「顧客を相手方とし、又は顧客のために金融商品取引行為（第二条第八項各号に掲げる行為をいう。以下同じ。）を行うことを内容とする契約」とあるのは「銀行法第十三条の四に規定する特定預金等契約」と、「を過去に当該特定投資家との間で締結」とあるのは「の締結の代理又は媒介を過去に当該特定投資家との間で」と、「を締結する」とあるのは「の締結の代理又は媒介をする」と、同法第三十四条の二第五項第二号及び第三十四条の三第四項第二号中「締結する」とあるのは「締結の代理又は媒介をする」と、同条第二項第四号イ中「と対象契約」とあるのは「による代理若しくは媒介により対象契約」と、同法第三十七条の三第一項中「を締結しようとするとき」とあるのは「の締結の代理又は媒介を行うとき」と、「交付しなければならない」とあるのは「交付するほか、預金者等（銀行法第二条第五項に規定する預金者等をいう。以下この項において同じ。）の保護に資するため、内閣府令で定めるところにより、当該特定預金等契約の内容その他預金者等に参考となるべき情報の提供を行わなければならない」と、同項第一号中「金融商品取引業者等」とあるのは「外国銀行代理銀行（銀行法第五十二条の二の五に規定する外国銀行代理銀行をいう。）の所属外国銀行（同法第五十二条の二第一項に規定する所属外国銀行をいう。）」と、同法第三十九条第一項第一号中「有価証券の売買その他の取引（買戻価格があらかじめ定められている買戻条件付売買その他の政令で定める取引を除く。）又はデリバティブ取引（以下この条において「有価証券売買取引等」という。）」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、「有価証券又はデリバティブ取引（以下この条において「有価証券等」という。）」とあるのは「特定預金等契約」と、「顧客（信託会社等（信託会社又は金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律第一条第一項の認可を受けた金融機関をいう。以下同じ。）が、信託契約に基づいて信託をする者の計算において、有価証券の売買又はデリバティブ取引を行う場合にあつては、当該信託をする者を含む。以下この条において同じ。）」とあるのは「顧客」と、「補足するため」とあるのは「補足するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、同項第二号及び第三号中「有価証券売買取引等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、「有価証券等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約」と、同項第二号中「追加するため」とあるのは「追加するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、同項第三号中「追加するため、」とあるのは「追加するため、当該特定預金等契約によらないで」と、同条第二項中「有価証券売買取引等」とあるのは「特定預金等契約の締結」と、同条第三項中「原因となるものとして内閣府令で定めるもの」とあるのは「原因となるもの」と、同法第四十五条第二号中「第三十七条の二から第三十七条の六まで、第四十条の二第四項及び第四十三条の四」とあるのは「第三十七条の三（第一項の書面の交付に係る部分に限り、同項第二号及び第六号並びに第三項を除く。）及び第三十七条の四」と、「締結した」とあるのは「締結の代理若しくは媒介をした」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Chapter III, Section 1, Subsection 5 (excluding Article 34-2, paragraphs (6) to (8) inclusive (Cases Where a Professional Investor Will Be Deemed to Be a Customer Other Than a Professional Investor) and Article 34-3, paragraphs (5) and (6) (Cases Where a Juridical Person Who is a Customer Other than a Professional Investor will be Deemed to be a Professional Investor)) (Professional Investors), Section 2, Subsection 1 of that Chapter (excluding Articles 35 to 36-4 inclusive (Scope of Business Activities of Persons Who Engage in Type I Financial Instruments Services or Investment Management, Scope of Subsidiary Business Activities of Persons Who Only Engage in Type II Financial Instruments Services or Investment Advisory and Agency Services, Duty of Good Faith to Customers, Posting of Signs, Prohibition of Name Lending, Prohibition of Administration of Corporate Bonds, etc.), Article 37, paragraph (1), item (ii) (Regulation of Advertising, etc.), Article 37-2 (Obligation to Clarify Conditions of Transactions in Advance), Article 37-3, paragraph (1), items (ii) and (vi) and paragraph (3) (Delivery of Documents Prior to Conclusion of Contract), Articles 37-5 to 37-7 inclusive (Delivery of Documents Pertaining to the Receipt of a Security Deposit, Cancellation by Means of a Document, Obligation to Conclude a Contract, etc. with a Designated Dispute Resolution Organization), Article 38, items (i) and (ii) and Article 38-2 (Prohibited Acts), the proviso to Article 39, paragraph (3) and paragraph (5) of that Article (Prohibition on Compensation for Losses, etc.) and Articles 40-2 to 40-5 inclusive (Best Execution Policy, Prohibition of Purchase and Sale, etc. Where Separate Management is not Ensured, Limitation on Sale and Purchase, etc. of Securities for Professional Investors, Obligation of Notification in Relation to Securities for Professional Investors)) (General Rules) and Article 45 (excluding items (iii) and (iv)) (Miscellaneous Provisions) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to agency or intermediation for conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. pertaining to the Foreign Bank Agency Services provided by a Foreign Bank's Agent Bank (meaning a Bank which provides the Foreign Bank Agency Services after obtaining the authorization under Article 52-2, paragraph (1) or giving a notification under paragraph (2) of that Article; the same shall apply hereinafter). In this case, the terms 'Contract for Financial Instruments Transaction,' 'Financial Instruments Business,' and 'soliciting to conclude, or concluding' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.,' 'agency or intermediation for the conclusion of a Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.,' and 'soliciting to conclude or providing agency or intermediation for the conclusion' respectively, the term 'Acts of Financial Instruments Transactions' in these provisions (excluding Article 34 of that Act) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.,' the phrases 'a contract to conduct Acts of Financial Instruments Transaction (meaning acts listed in the items of Article 2, paragraph (8); the same shall apply hereinafter) with a customer as the other party or on behalf of a customer,' 'and has never concluded a Contract for Financial Instruments Transaction belonging to those specified by Cabinet Office Ordinance as the same kind as the Contract for Financial Instruments Transaction pertaining to said application (hereinafter referred to as a 'Kind of Contract' in this Subsection) with said Professional Investor' and 'concluding' in Article 34 of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. prescribed in Article 13-4 of the Banking Act,' 'and has never provided agency or intermediation for Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. belonging to those specified by Cabinet Office Ordinance as the same kind as the Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc. pertaining to said application (hereinafter referred to as a 'Kind of Contract' in this Subsection) with said Professional Investor' and 'providing agency or intermediation for the conclusion of' respectively, the term 'conclude' in Article 34-2, paragraph (5), item (ii) and Article 34-3, paragraph (4), item (ii) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'provide agency or intermediation for the conclusion of,' the phrase 'Subject Contract with' in Article 34-3, paragraph (2), item (iv), sub-item (a) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'a Subject Contract through agency or intermediation by,' the phrases 'wishes to conclude' and 'deliver to the customer a document containing the following matters in advance' in Article 37-3, paragraph (1) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'provides agency or intermediation for the conclusion of' and 'in addition to delivering to the customer a document containing the following matters in advance, provide information on the contents of contracts pertaining to the Deposits, etc. and other information that would be helpful for the Depositors, etc., pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Office Ordinance, in order to contribute to the protection of Depositors, etc. (meaning the Depositors, etc. defined in Article 2, paragraph (5) of the Banking Act; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph)' respectively, the term 'a Financial Instruments Specialist, etc.' in Article 37-3, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the Principal Foreign Bank (meaning the Principal Foreign Bank defined in Article 52-2, paragraph (1) of the Banking Act) of the Foreign Bank's Agent Bank (meaning the Foreign Bank's Agent Bank defined in Article 52-2-5 of that Act),' the phrase 'purchase and sale or other transactions of Securities (excluding purchase and sale on condition of repurchase for which the repurchase price is set in advance and other transactions specified by Cabinet Order) or Derivative Transactions (hereinafter collectively referred to as 'Purchase and Sale or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' in this Article),' 'Securities or Derivative Transactions (hereinafter collectively referred to as 'Securities, etc.' in this Article),' 'the customer (in cases where a Trust Company, etc. (meaning a trust company or a financial institution that has obtained authorization under Article 1, paragraph (1) of the Act on Engagement in Trust Business by a Financial Institution; the same shall apply hereinafter) conducts purchase and sale of Securities or Derivative Transactions on the account of the person who sets a trust under a trust contract, including such person who sets the trust; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article)' and 'make up' in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.,' 'Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.,' 'the customer' and 'make up, not through the Contract for Specified Deposit, etc.' respectively, the terms 'Purchase and Sale or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' and 'Securities, etc.' in Article 39, paragraph (1), items (ii) and (iii) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.' and 'Contract for a Specified Deposit, etc.' respectively, the phrase 'make an addition' in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (ii) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'make an addition, not through the Contract for Specified Deposit, etc.,' the phrase 'make an addition' in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (iii) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'make an addition, not through the Contract for Specified Deposit, etc.,' the term 'Purchase and Sale or Other Transaction of Securities, etc.' in Article 39, paragraph (2) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'conclusion of Contracts for Specified Deposits, etc.,' the phrase 'that is specified by Cabinet Office Ordinance as a potential cause of' in Article 39, paragraph (3) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'that may be a potential cause of,' the phrases 'Articles 37-2 to 37-6 inclusive, Article 40-2, paragraph (4), and Article 43-4' and 'concluded' in Article 45, item (ii) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 37-3 (limited to the part pertaining to the delivery of documents under paragraph (1), the provisions of paragraph (1), items (ii) and (vi) and paragraph (3) shall be excluded) and Article 37-4' and 'provided agency or intermediation for the conclusion thereof' respectively, and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by Cabinet Order.

• 届出が届出書の記載事項に不備がないこと、届出書に必要な書類が添付されていることその他の法令に定められた届出の形式上の要件に適合している場合は、当該届出が法令により当該届出の提出先とされている機関の事務所に到達したときに、当該届出をすべき手続上の義務が履行されたものとする。
• Where Notifications conform to requirements that the entries of written notification be completed and the written notification be attached by necessary documents, and to other pro forma requirements provided by laws and regulations, procedural obligations for filing the Notification in question shall be performed upon its arrival at the office of the organ designated by laws and regulations to receive the Notification in question.

• 施行日前に次の表の第一 欄に掲げる法律の規定により同表の第二欄に掲げる者に対して会社がした届出は、それぞれ、同表の第一欄に掲げる法律の規定により、附則第七条の定めるとこ ろにより当該届出に係る権利及び義務を承継した承継会社が同表の第二欄に掲げる者に対してした届出とみなす。
• The notification submitted to the person listed in the second column of the following table by the Company under the provisions of the Act listed in the first column prior to the effective date of this Act shall be regarded as the notification submitted to the person listed in the second column of said table by the Succeeding Companies which succeeded to the rights and obligations pertaining to said notification under the provisions of Article 7 of the Supplementary Provisions.

• 一方の締約者が、他方の締約者がかなりの関心を持つか持ち得る、平和的目的のための核融合エネルギーの推進のための計画及び活動の開始を提案する時、上記1項に規定する文書で定められるそれぞれの権利及び義務に照らして、出来る限り適切に活動を調整するために、他方の締約者と協議を行う。
• When either Party proposes to initiate a programme or activity for the promotion of fusion energy for peaceful purposes in which the other Party has or may have a substantial interest, it shall consult with the other Party with a view to coordinating their efforts as far as it is appropriate in the light of their respective rights and obligations as defined in the instruments referred to in paragraph 1 above.

• 指定紛争解決機関は、手続実施基本契約により加入銀行が負担する義務の不履行が生じた場合において、当該加入銀行の意見を聴き、当該不履行につき正当な理由がないと認めるときは、遅滞なく、当該加入銀行の商号及び当該不履行の事実を公表するとともに、内閣総理大臣に報告しなければならない。
• In cases where non-performance of the obligations to be incurred by a Member Bank under a Basic Contract for Implementation of Dispute Resolution Procedures arises, when a Designated Dispute Resolution Organization has heard opinions from said Member Bank and finds there are no justifiable grounds for such non-performance, said Designated Dispute Resolution Organization shall publicize and report to the Prime Minister the trade name or name of said Member Bank and the fact of such non-performance, without delay.

• 国土交通大臣は、委員長若しくは委員が心身の故障のため職務の執行ができないと認めるとき、又は委員長若しくは委員に職務上の義務違反その他委員長若しくは委員たるに適しない行為があると認めるときは、あらかじめ委員会の意見を聴いた上、両議院の同意を得て、これらを罷免することができる。
• The Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, after consulting with the Board and obtaining the consent of both Houses of the Diet, may dismiss the chairperson or a member from the Board, if he/she finds that person is incapable of executing his/her duties due to mental or physical disorder or has committed a violation of obligations in the course of duties or conduct unbecoming the office.

• 不動産登記法の一部を改正する等の法律（昭和三十五年法律第十四号）附則第五条第一項に規定する土地又は建物についての表示に関する登記の申請義務については、なお従前の例による。この場合において、次の表の上欄に掲げる同項の字句は、それぞれ同表の下欄に掲げる字句に読み替えるものとする。
• With regard to the obligation to file an application for a registration of a description of land or building prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act for Partial Revision to the Real Property Registration Act, etc. (Act No. 14 of 1960), the provisions then in force shall remain applicable. In this case, the terms and phrases listed in the left-hand column of the following table which appear in the provision of said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with the terms and phrases listed in the right-hand column of said table, respectively.

• 元本の確定前に根抵当権者を分割をする会社とする分割があったときは、根抵当権は、分割の時に存する債権のほか、分割をした会社及び分割により設立された会社又は当該分割をした会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部又は一部を当該会社から承継した会社が分割後に取得する債権を担保する。
• If, before the principal is fixed, a split in which the relevant revolving mortgagee is the company to be split is effected, the Revolving Mortgage shall secure the claims that exist at the time of the split and shall otherwise secure claims acquired after the split by the split company and the company incorporated by the split, or claims acquired after the split by the company that succeeded to some or all of the rights and obligations of the split company regarding its business.

• 元本の確定前にその債務者を分割をする会社とする分割があったときは、根抵当権は、分割の時に存する債務のほか、分割をした会社及び分割により設立された会社又は当該分割をした会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部又は一部を当該会社から承継した会社が分割後に負担する債務を担保する。
• If, before the principal is fixed, a split in which the relevant obligor is the company to be split is effected, the Revolving Mortgage shall secure the obligations that exist at the time of the split and shall otherwise secure obligations that are assumed after the split by the split company and the company incorporated by the split, or claims acquired after the split by the company that assumed some or all of the rights and obligations of the split company regarding its business.

• 新設合併設立株式会社金融商品取引所は、その成立の日後遅滞なく、新設合併により新設合併設立株式会社金融商品取引所が承継した新設合併消滅金融商品取引所の権利義務その他の新設合併に関する事項として内閣府令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• A Stock Company-Type Financial Instruments Exchange Established by a Consolidation-Type Merger shall prepare the documents or Electromagnetic Records containing or recording the matters related to the rights and obligations of the Financial Instruments Exchange Extinguished upon a Consolidation-Type Merger succeeded by the Stock Company-Type Financial Instruments Exchange Established by a Consolidation-Type Merger as a result of the Consolidation-Type Merger and other matters specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as matters concerning a Consolidation-Type Merger, without delay after the day of its establishment.

• 第一項の許可を与える場合には、主任審査官は、当該外国人に対し、法務省令で定めるところにより、住居及び行動範囲の制限、呼出しに対する出頭の義務その他必要と認める条件を付し、かつ、二百万円を超えない範囲内で法務省令で定める額の保証金を本邦通貨又は外国通貨で納付させることができる。
• If the permission set forth in paragraph (1) is granted, the supervising immigration inspector may impose restrictions on the foreign national's place of residence and area of movement, oblige the foreign national to appear upon receiving a summons, and may impose other necessary conditions pursuant to the provisions of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, and have him/her pay a deposit in Japanese currency not exceeding 2 million yen or an equivalent amount in a foreign currency provided for by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice.

• 第一項又は第二項 の規定により租鉱権者が損害を賠償すべき場合においては、損害の発生の時当該租鉱権が設定されている鉱区の鉱業権者及びその後の鉱業権者が、損害の発生の 時既に鉱業権が消滅しているときは鉱業権の消滅の時における鉱業権者が、租鉱権者と連帯して損害を賠償する義務を負う。
• In the case where a holder of mining lease right shall compensate for damage pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) or (2) above, the holder of mining right and the succeeding holder thereof in the mining area where the mining lease right was created at the time of occurrence of damage shall have the obligation to jointly and severally compensate for the damage. In the case where the mining right already became extinct at the time of occurrence of damage, the holder of mining right at the time of extinction of mining right and the holder of mining lease right shall have the obligation to jointly and severally compensate for the damage.

• 鎌倉時代における守護の権能は御成敗式目に規定があり、大犯三ヶ条の検断沙汰（御家人の義務である鎌倉・京都での大番役の催促、謀反人の捜索逮捕、殺害人の捜索逮捕）および大番役の指揮監督という軍事・警察面に限定され、国司の権限である国衙行政・国衙領支配に関与することは禁じられていた。
• The power of the shugo during the Kamakura period was prescribed by the legal code for the warrior class: their power was limited to the military and law enforcement, such as the 'Taibon-sankajo no kendan-sata' (three official authorities given to the shugo over criminal cases: the prodding of lower-ranking vassals to fulfill their duties as obanyaku, i.e., security guards, in Kyoto and Kamakura, the search and arrest of rebels and murderers) and the direction and supervision of obanyaku; the shugo was prohibited from participating in the administration of the kokuga and the kokuga's province, which the kokushi was authorized to perform.

• 新設分割設立株式会社が新設分割により新設分割をする会社（以下この編において「新設分割会社」という。）から承継する資産、債務、雇用契約その他の権利義務（株式会社である新設分割会社（以下この編において「新設分割株式会社」という。）の株式及び新株予約権に係る義務を除く。）に関する事項
• matters concerning the assets, obligations, employment agreements, and any other rights and obligations that the Stock Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split succeeds to by transfer from the Company(ies) effecting the Incorporation-type Company Split (hereinafter referred to as the 'Splitting Company(ies) in Incorporation-type Company Split' in this Part) through the Incorporation-type Company Split (excluding obligations pertaining to shares and Share Options of the Splitting Company(ies) in Incorporation-type Company Split that is a Stock Company(ies) (hereinafter referred to as the 'Splitting Stock Company(ies) in Incorporation-type Company Split' in this Part));

• 否認権限を有する監督委員が当事者である否認の訴え（前条第一項の訴え及び第百四十条第一項の規定により受継された訴訟手続を含む。）が係属する場合には、再生債務者は、当該訴えの目的である権利又は義務に係る請求をするため、相手方を被告として、当事者としてその訴訟に参加することができる。
• Where an action of avoidance in which a supervisor empowered to avoid stands as a party (including the action set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article and action taken over under the provision of Article 140(1)) is pending, the rehabilitation debtor may intervene in the action as a party thereto, designating the other party as a defendant, in order to make a claim pertaining to the right or obligation that is the subject matter of the action.

• 吸収合併存続株式会社金融商品取引所は、効力発生日後遅滞なく、吸収合併により吸収合併存続株式会社金融商品取引所が承継した吸収合併消滅会員金融商品取引所の権利義務その他の吸収合併に関する事項として内閣府令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• A Stock Company-Type Financial Instruments Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger shall prepare the documents or Electromagnetic Records containing or recording the matters relating to the rights and obligations of the Membership-Type Financial Instruments Exchange Extinguished upon an Absorption-Type Merger succeeded by the Stock Company-Type Financial Instruments Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger as a result of the Absorption-Type Merger and other matters specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as the matters concerning an Absorption-Type Merger, without delay after the Effective Date.

• 前条第三項の場合 において、鉱業権を譲り受けた者又は損害の発生の後に租鉱権者となつた者が賠償の義務を履行したときは、同条第一項又は第二項の規定により損害を賠償すべ き者に対し、償還を請求することができる。同条第四項の場合において鉱業権者が賠償の義務を履行したときも、同様とする。
• In the case specified in paragraph (3) of the preceding Article, if the obligation of compensation is fulfilled by those who accepted mining rights or those who became holders of mining lease right after occurrence of damage, they may claim reimbursement of cost from those who shall compensate for damage pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) or (2) of the preceding Article. The same shall apply to the case where the obligation of compensation is fulfilled by holders of mining right in the case specified in paragraph (4) of the preceding Article.

• また、公家の中で関白にのみ御所への日参が義務付けられる（逆に言えば、その義務の無い他の公家の権力への関与の度合いが関白に比べて大きく低下する）一方で、太政大臣の任官が江戸時代を通じて徳川氏征夷大将軍と摂政・関白経験者のみに限定されるなど、宮中での待遇の厚さは格別なものがあった。
• Furthermore, the Kampaku alone among nobles was required to visit the Imperial palace daily (to put it another way, the power of those not required to do so seemed less in comparison the Kampaku's), and throughout the Edo period appointment to Daijo Daijin was limited to those who had been Tokugawa clan, Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') and Sessho/Kampaku, so the quality of the reception at the Imperial palace was on another level.

• 第五項に規定する措置が行われた場合において、本人又はその扶養義務者が、これらの規定により支払うべき旨を命ぜられた額の全部又は一部を支払わなかつたため、都道府県においてその費用を支弁したときは、都道府県知事は、本人又はその扶養義務者からその支払わなかつた額を徴収することができる。
• In the case where a measure provided in paragraph (5) is taken, when the referenced person or his/her supporter under duty fails to pay the amount ordered to be paid pursuant thereto, in full or in part, and thus the prefectural government pays the amount of such unpaid expenses, the prefectural governor may collect such unpaid amount from the referenced person or his/her supporter under duty.

• 会員が死亡した場合において、その相続人又は受遺者（以下この条において「相続人等」という。）が会員であるときは、その者は、被承継人の持分並びにその持分についての被承継人の権利及び義務を承継する。この場合においては、承継人は、遅滞なく、その旨を会員商品取引所に通知しなければならない。
• In the event that a member dies, if that member's heir or donee (hereinafter referred to as the 'Heir, etc.' in this Article) is a member, such person shall succeed to the equity interest of the decedent and the rights and obligations of the decedent with regard to that equity interest. In this case, the Heir, etc. shall notify the Member Commodity Exchange to that effect without delay.

• 吸収合併存続株式会社商品取引所は、吸収合併の効力が生じた日後遅滞なく、吸収合併により吸収合併存続株式会社商品取引所が承継した吸収合併消滅会員商品取引所の権利義務その他の吸収合併に関する事項として主務省令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• A Incorporated Commodity Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger shall create a document or an Electromagnetic Record containing matters relating to the rights and obligations of the Member Commodity Exchange Dissolved in an Absorption-Type Merger succeeded by the Incorporated Commodity Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger through the Absorption-Type Merger and other matters specified by an ordinance of the competent ministry as being matters concerning an Absorption-Type Merger, without delay after the day on which the Absorption-Type Merger comes into effect.

• 第四百五十二条又は第四百五十三条の規定により保証人の請求又は証明があったにもかかわらず、債権者が催告又は執行をすることを怠ったために主たる債務者から全部の弁済を得られなかったときは、保証人は、債権者が直ちに催告又は執行をすれば弁済を得ることができた限度において、その義務を免れる。
• Where demand has been made or proof has been given by a guarantor pursuant to the provisions of Article 452 or Article 453, if the obligee fails to demand or to levy execution and is subsequently unable to obtain full performance from the principal obligor, the guarantor shall be relieved of liability to the extent that the obligee would have received performance if the obligee had immediately demanded or levied execution.

• そこで平安時代に入ると、朝廷も公廨稲の利息より正税の不足分を補わせる「正税率分」の導入や格式に必要最低限の正税出挙に対する国司の支出義務（農民への強制的な貸付強制と徴収（返済）の義務化）を定めた「正税式数」を規定するなど、中央への上供体制維持を目的とした正税回復政策を取り始めた。
• Thus, in Heian period, Imperial Court began to launch political measures to recover the shozei for the purpose of maintaining the tribute-to-central system, such as introduction of 'shozei ritsubun (the tax system where two-tenth of the tax delivered from the provinces to the Ministry of Finance at Heian-kyo [the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto] were supplied to the tax storage called 'ritsubun-do')' that made up the shortage of shozei with the interest on kugaito and establishment of 'shozei shikisu' in which kokushi's minimum liability for shozei suiko (compulsory loaning to and collecting repayments from peasants) was prescribed in kyakushiki (a kind of law in the ritsuryo system).

• だが、鎌倉幕府から見れば他人和与は御家人領の散逸のみならず、幕府と主従関係にある御家人にあたえた恩給知行が、主従関係にない第三者に和与された場合、第三者には「御恩」に対する「奉公」の義務が無く、義務違反による恩給地の取り戻し（収公）が不可能になるという問題も生じる可能性があった。
• From the standpoint of the Kamakura bakufu, however, wayo to others could lead territories of shogunal retainers to be scattered and lost as well as cause a problem that if the fief given to shogunal retainers who had a master-servant relationship with the bakufu as onkyu (rewards from a master to a vassal) was subject to wayo to a third party who was not in the master-servant relationship, the bakufu could not claim back the onkyuchi (land awarded by the lord) in compensation for the breach of obligations, as such third party was not obliged to 'serve' in exchange for the 'favor.'

• 大日本帝国憲法第28条の条文では「日本臣民ハ安寧秩序ヲ妨ケス及臣民タルノ義務ニ背カサル限ニ於テ信教ノ自由ヲ有ス」となっていたが、この「臣民タルノ義務」の範囲は立法段階で議論の的となっており、起草者である伊藤博文・井上毅は神社への崇敬は臣民の義務に含まれないという見解を持っていた。
• Article 28 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan stipulated that 'Japanese subjects shall, within limits not prejudicial to peace and order, and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief,' but the scope of their 'duties as subjects' was a topic of debate at the lawmaking stage, with Hirobumi ITO and Kowashi INOUE, who helped draft the constitution, of the opinion that the veneration of shrines was not included in the duties of subjects.

• 港務局を組織する地方公共団体は、港湾の開発、利用、保全及び管理に関する事務（法律又は政令により当該地方公共団体が処理することとされる事務を除く。）を港務局の委員会の委員長に委任することができる。ただし、義務を課し、又は権利を制限する事務を委任するには、条例によらなければならない。
• The local government which has established a port authority may delegate administrative works related to the development, utilization, preservation and management of the port (excluding administrative works to be handled by the said local government as specified by a law or Cabinet Order) to the chairman of the board of directors of the port authority; provided, however, that it shall be based on an ordinance of the local government to impose obligations or delegate administrative works which limit rights.

• 戦争状態の介在は、また、戦争状態の存在前に財産の滅失若しくは損害又は身体損害若しくは死亡に関して生じた請求権で、連合国の一国の政府が日本国政府に対して、又は日本国政府が連合国政府のいずれかに対して提起し又は再提起するものの当否を審議する義務に影響を及ぼすものとみなしてはならない。
• The intervention of a state of war shall equally not be regarded as affecting the obligation to consider on their merits claims for loss or damage to property or for personal injury or death which arose before the existence of a state of war, and which may be presented or re-presented by the Government of one of the Allied Powers to the Government of Japan, or by the Government of Japan to any of the Governments of the Allied Powers.

• 予算は、拠出表明割当額、支払割当額、損益計算を含む。拠出表明割当額は、予算から満たすことのできる法定義務の上限である。支払割当額は、各会計年度中に、同年又はそれ以前に執行が開始された拠出表明額をカバーするために行われる支払金の上限である。損益計算は、同年の支払割当額と同じである。
• The Budget shall contain commitment appropriations, payment appropriations, and a statement of income. Commitment appropriations represent the upper limit of the legal obligations which can be met from the Budget. The payment appropriations represent the upper limit of payments to be made in the course of each financial year to cover the commitments entered into in the course of that same year or previous years. The Statement of Income shall equal the Payments Appropriations for the year.

• 特定事業者が、前三条に規定する再商品化義務量の全部又は一部の再商品化について指定法人と第二十三条第一項に規定する再商品化契約を締結し、当該契約に基づく自らの債務を履行したときは、当該特定事業者は、その委託した量に相当する当該特定分別基準適合物の量について再商品化をしたものとみなす。
• When a Designated Manufacturer/User has concluded a recycling contract prescribed in Article 23, paragraph 1 with a designated juridical person in regard to the recycling of all or part of the obligatory recycling amount prescribed in the preceding three articles and has performed its own obligation based on the contract, the Designated Manufacturer/User shall be deemed to have recycled the entrusted amount of waste containers and packaging that conform to the specified sorting standard.

• 前項の場合におい て、損害が二以上の鉱区又は租鉱区の鉱業権者又は租鉱権者の作業によつて生じたときは、各鉱業権者又は租鉱権者は、連帯して損害を賠償する義務を負う。損 害が二以上の鉱区又は租鉱区の鉱業権者又は租鉱権者の作業のいずれによつて生じたかを知ることができないときも、同様とする。
• In the case specified in the preceding paragraph, if damage is caused by the work conducted by holders of mining right or mining lease right in two or more mining areas or mining lease areas, each of the holders of mining right or mining lease right shall have the obligation to jointly and severally compensate for the damage. The same shall apply to the case where it cannot be known that the damage was caused by the work of which one of the holders of mining right or mining lease right in two or more mining areas or mining lease areas.

• 都道府県知事又は市町村長は、第一項の規定による負担能力の認定、第二項若しくは第三項の規定による費用の徴収又は第五項の規定による費用の支払の命令に関し必要があると認めるときは、本人又はその扶養義務者の収入の状況につき、官公署に対し、必要な書類の閲覧又は資料の提供を求めることができる。
• When it is found necessary for the recognition of the financial capacity pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), for the collection of expenses pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) or (3), or for the order for payment of expenses pursuant to the provision of paragraph (5), the prefectural governor or the mayor of municipality may request the concerned public agency to inspect necessary documents or provide necessary materials with regard to the state of income of the referenced person or his/her supporter under duty.

• 内閣総理大臣は、委員が心身の故障のために職務の執行ができないと認める場合又は委員に職務上の義務違反その他委員たるに適しない非行があると認める場合には、使用者委員及び労働者委員にあつては中央労働委員会の同意を得て、公益委員にあつては両議院の同意を得て、その委員を罷免することができる。
• The Prime Minister may, when he or she finds that a member cannot execute his or her duties by reason of mental or physical disorder or that a member has contravened the duties of his or her position or that a member has committed such misconduct as to render such member unfit to be a member, dismiss said member with the consent of the Central Labor Relations Commission in the case of an employer member or a labor member; or with the consent of both Houses in the case of a public member.

• 家族手当の受給資格を持ち、附属書 II の定義によるその被扶養児童が、全日制の初等義務教育、又は全日制の中等教育、又は全日制の高等教育を受けている職員は、毎月教育手当を受給できる。当該職員は、各学年開始時に全日制教育に登録されていることの裏付けとなる証明を、イーター機構に提出する。
• Staff members who are entitled to household allowance, and whose dependent children, as defined in Annex II, are either in full-time compulsory primary education, or in full-time secondary education or in full-time higher education, shall be entitled to a monthly education allowance. The staff member concerned shall provide to the ITER Organization supporting evidence of registration for full-time education at the beginning of each school or academic year.

• - 都市部においては、天下普請の施行により、鳶職や植木職などの建設に係わる者が、町場の相互関係の中で特別な義務と権限（町火消しなど）を持つようになり、特定の縁起物（熊手、朝顔）や売り上げが確実に見込める物（正月のお飾り）の販売を独占する傾向にあり、現在でもその不文律が継承されている。
• In the urban site, with the policy of tenka fushin (nation wide constructions carried out by Tokugawa shogunate), people connected to construction, such as scaffolders and gardeners, were given special duties and rights (such as acting as firefighters) in the town's correlation and tended to monopolize the market for special good luck charms (rakes or morning glories) or items that would definitely sell (for example, New Year decorations); this unwritten law continues even today.

• 第百三十四条第二項から第六項までの規定により通知が行われた場合において、市町村が第百三十五条第二項から第六項までの規定により特別徴収の方法によって保険料を徴収しようとするときの特別徴収額の通知、特別徴収の方法によって徴収した保険料額の納入の義務その他の取扱いについては、政令で定める。
• In a case of issuance of the notification pursuant to the provisions of Article 134, paragraph (2) to paragraph (6), when a Municipality intends to collect an insurance premium by the method of special collection pursuant to the provisions of Article 135, paragraph (2) to paragraph (6), notification of the amount to be collected by said special collection, the obligation of payment of an insurance premium amount which is collected by the method of said special collection, and other procedures shall be determined by a Cabinet Order.

• 前項の条件又は期限は、公衆の利益を増進し、又は許可若しくは認可に係る事項の確実な実施を図るため必要な最小限度のものに限り、かつ、当該本邦航空運送事業者又は航空機使用事業者（第百二十三条第一項の許可を受けた者をいう。以下同じ。）に不当な義務を課することとならないものでなければならない。
• The conditions or validity period set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to the minimum necessary to promote the public interest, or to secure the practice of matters pertaining to license or approval, and shall not be of such a nature as to impose an undue burden upon a domestic air carrier or an aerial work service operator (a person who has been licensed under Article 123 paragraph (1); hereinafter the same).

• 特定容器製造等事業者は、毎年度、主務省令で定めるところにより、その製造等をする特定容器（第十八条第一項の認定に係る特定容器及び本邦から輸出される特定容器を除く。以下この条において同じ。）が属する容器包装区分に係る特定分別基準適合物について、再商品化義務量の再商品化をしなければならない。
• Pursuant to the provision of the ordinance of the competent ministry, specified container manufacturers, etc. shall, every fiscal year, recycle the obligatory recycling amount of waste containers and packaging that conform to the specified sorting standards pertaining to the Classification of Containers and Packaging to which the specified containers manufactured, etc. (excluding specified containers pertaining to recognition set forth in Article 18, paragraph 1 and specified containers exported from Japan; hereinafter the same shall apply in this article) belong.

• しかしながら途上国の言い分である「先進国の結果責任に基づいて自主的に二酸化炭素排出量を減らす努力義務を途上国が負うのは身勝手」との意見も根強く、京都議定書の次のスキームを構築する作業は残念ながら遅遅として進んでおらず、京都議定書は一過性のもので失敗に終わる可能性が高いと見る意見がある。
• However, developing countries strongly insist that 'it is unfair for developing countries to undertake the obligation to reduce the emission amount of carbon dioxide voluntarily on the basis of the outcome brought about by developed countries,' and the task to establish the next scheme for Kyoto Protocol has regrettably made little progress, and some people say that Kyoto Protocol is transient and will probably end up as a failure.

• 保護の開始又は変更の申請は、町村長を経由してすることもできる。町村長は、申請を受け取つたときは、五日以内に、その申請に、要保護者に対する扶養義務者の有無、資産状況その他保護に関する決定をするについて参考となるべき事項を記載した書面を添えて、これを保護の実施機関に送付しなければならない。
• An application for the commencement of or a change to public assistance may also be filed through the mayor of a town or village. In the case where the mayor of a town or village has received an application, he/she shall send said the application to the public assistance administrator together with a document stating the presence or absence of any person responsible for support of the person requiring public assistance, the state of assets, and any other matters that would serve as a reference when making a decision concerning public assistance, within five days.

• 税務署長は、次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合において、納付すべき税額の確定した国税（第三号に該当する場合においては、その納める義務が信託財産責任負担債務であるものを除く。）でその納期限までに完納されないと認められるものがあるときは、その納期限を繰り上げ、その納付を請求することができる。
• In any of the cases listed in the following items, if the district director of the tax office finds that there is any national tax of which the payable tax amount has been determined (in the case set forth in item (iii), excluding a national tax for which the liability to pay is an obligation covered by the liability based on the trust property) but such national tax is not expected to be paid in full by the due date for payment, he/she may advance the due date and demand payment of said national tax:

• 新設分割設立株式会社が新設分割に際して新設分割会社に対して交付するその事業に関する権利義務の全部又は一部に代わる当該新設分割設立株式会社の株式の数（種類株式発行会社にあっては、株式の種類及び種類ごとの数）又はその数の算定方法並びに当該新設分割設立株式会社の資本金及び準備金の額に関する事項
• the number of shares (or, for a Company with Class Shares, the classes of the shares and the number of the shares for each class) of the Stock Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split to be delivered by the Stock Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split to the Splitting Company(ies) in Incorporation-type Company Split in lieu of all or part of the rights and obligations in connection with the business thereof when effecting the Incorporation-type Company Split, or the method for calculating such numbers, and matters concerning the amount of the stated capital and capital reserves of the Stock Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split;

• 前二項の規定は、施行日前に旧法第二十四条第二項の規定によりされた届出に係る資本取引でこの法律の施行の際現に行われていないものが、新法第二十四条第一項又は第二項の規定に基づく命令の規定により許可を受ける義務を課された同条第一項に規定する特定資本取引に該当するものである場合について準用する。
• The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis to the cases where capital transactions pertaining to a notification given pursuant to the provision of Article 24, paragraph 2 of the Old Act prior to the Date of Enforcement, which have not actually been conducted at the time of enforcement of this Act, fall under specified capital transactions prescribed in Article 24, paragraph 1 of the New Act for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provisions of an order pursuant to paragraph 1 or 2 of the said article.

• 次に掲げる国税の区分に応じ、それぞれ次に定める日以前に納税義務の成立した国税（消費税及び政令で定めるものを除く。）で、納期限（納税の告知がされていない源泉徴収による国税については、その法定納期限）がその損失を受けた日以後に到来するもののうち、その申請の日以前に納付すべき税額の確定したもの
• A national tax (excluding consumption tax and national taxes specified by Cabinet Order) for which the tax liability has been established on or before the day specified in each of the following for the categories of national taxes listed respectively therein, in cases where the due date for payment (in the case of a withholding tax for which no notice of tax due has been given, its statutory due date for payment) comes on or after the day on which the taxpayer suffered the loss, and the payable tax amount has been determined on or before the date of his/her application:

• 第一項の認可を受けて第二種貨物利用運送事業を譲り受けた者又は第二項の認可を受けて第二種貨物利用運送事業者たる法人が合併若しくは分割をした場合における合併後存続する法人若しくは合併により設立された法人若しくは分割により第二種貨物利用運送事業を承継した法人は、許可に基づく権利義務を承継する。
• The person to whom the second class consigned freight forwarding business has been transferred with the approval given in paragraph (1) or the juridical person that continues or the juridical person that is established after the merger when a second class consigned freight forwarding business has merged or split or the juridical person that has succeeded to the second class consigned freight forwarding business after split with the approval given in paragraph (2) shall also succeed to the rights and obligations based on the said permission.

• 副大統領及び行政各部の長官の過半数又は連邦議会が法律で定める他の機関の長の過半数が、上院の臨時議長及び下院議長に対し、大統領がその職務上の権限と義務を遂行することができないという文書による申立てを送付したときは、副大統領は直ちに大統領代理として、大統領職の権限と義務を遂行するものとする。
• Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.

• 否定的な回答又は満足できない回答が出された場合、若しくは所定の期限までに回答が出されなかった場合、当該職員は、事務局長に書面で通知を送ることにより、調停を要求することができる。この調停は義務ではなく、国際労働機関の行政裁判所の法令と規則と同様に、本条で規定した期間を延期するものでもない。
• In the event of a negative or unsatisfactory reply, or else in the absence of a reply within the prescribed time-limit, the staff member may request mediation by sending a written notice to the Director-General. Such mediation is not obligatory and will not suspend the time periods set in the present Article as well as in the Statute and the Rules of the ILO Administrative Tribunal.

• 前項の規定にかかわらず、第五十六条第一項第五号に掲げる事由（第五十七条第一項の規定によるものに限る。）により受託者の任務が終了した場合（第五十九条第四項ただし書の場合を除く。）には、新受託者は、新受託者等が就任した時に、その時に存する信託に関する権利義務を前受託者から承継したものとみなす。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, where a trustee's duty as trustee has been terminated on the grounds listed in the items of Article 56, paragraph (1), item (v) (limited to the case under the provision of Article 57, paragraph (1); excluding the case referred to in the proviso to Article 59, paragraph (4)), it shall be deemed that the new trustee has succeeded to, at the time of assumption of the office by a new trustee, etc., the former trustee's rights and duties concerning the trust existing as of that time.

• 第九十条第一項各号に掲げる信託において、その信託の受益者が現に存せず、又は同条第二項の規定により受益者としての権利を有しないときは、委託者が第百四十五条第二項各号に掲げる権利を有し、受託者が同条第四項各号に掲げる義務を負う。ただし、信託行為に別段の定めがあるときは、その定めるところによる。
• In the case of a trust set forth in each of the items of Article 90, paragraph (1), when there is no beneficiary for the trust or no beneficiary has any right as a beneficiary at the time in question pursuant to the provisions of Article 90, paragraph (2), the settlor shall have the rights listed in the items of Article 145, paragraph (2), and the trustee shall have the duties listed in the items of Article 145, paragraph (4); provided, however, that if the terms of trust otherwise provides, such provisions shall prevail.

• 前二条の規定により責任無能力者がその責任を負わない場合において、その責任無能力者を監督する法定の義務を負う者は、その責任無能力者が第三者に加えた損害を賠償する責任を負う。ただし、監督義務者がその義務を怠らなかったとき、又はその義務を怠らなくても損害が生ずべきであったときは、この限りでない。
• In cases where a person without capacity to assume liability is not liable in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two Articles, the person with the legal obligation to supervise the person without capacity to assume liability shall be liable to compensate for damages that the person without capacity to assume liability has inflicted on a third party; provided, however, that this shall not apply if the person who has the obligation to supervise did not fail to perform his/her obligation or if the damages could not have been avoided even if he/she had not failed to perform his/her obligation.

• 特定事業者は、第十一条から第十三条までに規定する再商品化義務量の全部又は一部について再商品化をしようとするとき（指定法人以外の者に委託して再商品化をしようとするときを含む。）は、主務省令で定めるところにより、次の各号のいずれにも適合していることについて、主務大臣の認定を受けなければならない。
• When a Designated Manufacturer/User intends to recycle all or part of the obligatory recycling amount prescribed in Articles 11 to 13 inclusive (including the cases where it intends to conduct recycling through entrustment to one other than a designated juridical person), it shall obtain from the competent minister recognition to the effect that it conforms to all of the following items, pursuant to the provision of the ordinance of the competent ministry.

• 受益証券を取得する者は、その取得により、当該受益証券によって表示される受益権に係る元本持分の割合に応じて当該受益証券に係る特定目的信託契約の委託者の地位を承継するものとする。ただし、特定目的信託契約に基づく原委託者の義務については、特定目的信託契約に別段の定めがある場合には、この限りでない。
• A person who acquires a Beneficiary Certificate shall, through such acquisition, assume the status of settlor under the Specific Purpose Trust Contract pertaining to said Beneficiary Certificate, according to the proportion of the Share of Principal pertaining to the beneficial interest represented by said Beneficiary Certificate; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the obligations of the Originator under the Specific Purpose Trust Contract in cases where the Specific Purpose Trust Contract provides otherwise with regard to such obligations.

• 届出事業者は、その届出に係る型式のガス用品の第三十九条の十第一項の経済産業省令で定める技術上の基準に対する適合性について、同条第二項（特定ガス用品の場合にあつては、同項及び前条第一項）の規定による義務を履行したときは、当該ガス用品に経済産業省令で定めるところにより、表示を付することができる。
• A Notifying Manufacturer/Importer may, when having performed, with respect to the conformity of the Gas Equipment categorized by the Model Pertaining to Notification to the technical standards established by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry under Article 39-10, paragraph 1, the obligation prescribed in paragraph 2 of the said Article (or the said paragraph or paragraph 1 of the preceding Article in the case of Specified Gas Equipment), affix labels to the Gas Equipment pursuant to the provision of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

• だが、鎌倉幕府によって地頭が設置されて検断権を掌握し、更に在地勢力に発言権の高まりとともに本所及び荘務権そのものが衰退し、南北朝時代 (日本)に守護請・地頭請あるいは在地の有力者などに一定額の年貢納入義務を引き換えに荘務を請負わせる「請負荘園」の増加によって荘務権は有名無実化することになる。
• However, since the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) had established the jito (estate stewards), who held the right to judge criminal cases, the authority of the shomuken and honjo themselves eroded; and further, as the cases of 'Ukeoi shoen, ' which was the contract system in which the shoen owners entrusted the shomu to Shugo and Jito (military governor and estate steward) or to the locally influential individuals in return for the exemption of the payment of the certain amount of nengu (land tax), increased during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the shomuken virtually lost its substance.

• 第二十一条の五に規定する医療の給付を行う場合においては、当該措置に要する費用を支弁すべき都道府県の知事は、本人又はその扶養義務者に対して、その負担能力に応じ、その費用の全部又は一部を同条に規定する医療の給付を行う医療機関（次項において「医療機関」という。）に支払うべき旨を命ずることができる。
• In the case where medical care benefits prescribed in Article 21-5 are provided, the governor of the prefecture which is required to pay the expenses spent therefor may order the referenced person or his/her supporter under duty to pay the full amount of those expenses or part thereof, in accordance with his/her financial capacity, to the medical institution providing the medical care benefits prescribed in the same Article (referred to as a "Medical Institution" in the following paragraph).

• 債権者が第百五十一条の二第一項各号に掲げる義務に係る確定期限の定めのある定期金債権を有する場合において、その一部に不履行があるときは、第三十条第一項の規定にかかわらず、当該定期金債権のうち六月以内に確定期限が到来するものについても、前条第一項に規定する方法による強制執行を開始することができる。
• In cases where the obligee has a claim for periodic payments with provisions on fixed due dates pertaining to any of the duties listed in the items of Article 151-2(1), if any part of such claim is in default, compulsory execution by the method prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article may be commenced even for the portion of said claim for periodic payments for which the fixed due date is to arrive within six months, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 30(1).

• 特許法第百四条の二から第百五条の六まで（具体的態様の明示義務、特許権者等の権利行使の制限、書類の提出等、損害計算のための鑑定、相当な損害額の認定、秘密保持命令、秘密保持命令の取消し及び訴訟記録の閲覧等の請求の通知等）及び第百六条（信用回復の措置）の規定は、意匠権又は専用実施権の侵害に準用する。
• Articles 104-2 to 105-6 (Obligation to clarify the specific conditions, restrictions on the exercise of rights of patentee, etc., production of documents, etc., expert opinion for calculation of damages, determination of reasonable damages, protective order, rescission of protective order and notice, etc. of a request inspection of record, etc.) and 106 (Measures to restore credibility) shall apply mutatis mutandis to infringement of a design right or an exclusive license.

• 本協定に従って与えられる特権及び免除は、イーター機構、事務局長又は職員が公衆及び職業上の衛生及び安全、原子力の安全、放射線からの保護、許可制度、核物質、環境保全、環境保護並びに害のある行為からの保護に係るフランスの法令を遵守する義務を減ずるものではなく、又は当該義務に影響を及ぼすものではない。
• The privileges and immunities conferred in accordance with this Agreement shall not diminish or affect the duty of the ITER Organization, the Director-General or the Staff to comply with French laws and regulations in the fields of public and occupational health and safety, nuclear safety, radiation protection, licensing, nuclear substances, environmental protection and protection from acts of malevolence.

• 財務大臣又は経済産業大臣は、法第二十五条第四項の規定に基づき居住者が役務取引等（同項に規定する役務取引等をいう。以下この条及び第十八条の三において同じ。）を行うことについて許可を受ける義務を課する場合には、あらかじめ、告示により、その許可を受けなければならない役務取引等を指定してするものとする。
• Where the Minister of Finance or the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry imposes, pursuant to Article 25, paragraph (4) of the Act, on a resident the obligation to obtain permission for conducting service transactions, etc. (meaning service transactions, etc. prescribed in the said paragraph; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article and Article 18-3), he/she shall do so designating, in advance, by a public notice, the service transactions, etc. that require permission.

• その三連目で「すめらみことは戦いに　おおみずからは出でまさね（天皇は戦争に自ら出かけられない）」と唱い、晶子と親交の深い歌人であったが国粋主義者であった文芸批評家の大町桂月はこれに対して｢家が大事也、妻が大事也、国は亡びてもよし、商人は戦ふべき義務なしといふは、余りに大胆すぐる言葉」と批判した。
• In the third verse of the poem she wrote that the Emperor was not allowed to join the war himself; a literary critique Keigetsu OMACHI who was a close friend of Akiko, but at the same time a nationalist, criticized her by stating 'it was too audacious to say that what matters to you is your family and wife, that it doesn't matter if your country is destroyed, and that merchants are not bound to fight in the war.'

• 江戸幕府においては元和_(日本)2年（1616年）の元和軍役令を制定して、大名・旗本に軍役・奉仕の義務付けを行ったが、この体制の維持のために旗本は職務による例外を除いては江戸常駐（定府）を命じ、大名には寛永12年（1635年）には、江戸常駐の代替として参勤交代制の導入（武家諸法度改正）を行った。
• The Edo shogunate introduced the Genna Military Service Order in 1616 to make military service compulsory to the daimyos and the hatamotos, in order to maintain this system, the hatamotos were required to be stationed permanently in Edo (Jofu), except under special assignments, and in 1635, the daimyos were governed under the Sankinkotai system (amendment of the Buke shohatto, or the code of warrior households), in which the lords were required to reside in Edo in alternate years, instead of stationing permanently in Edo.

• 第一項の認可を受けて一般貨物自動車運送事業を譲り受けた者又は第二項の認可を受けて一般貨物自動車運送事業者たる法人が合併若しくは分割をした場合における合併後存続する法人若しくは合併により設立された法人若しくは分割により一般貨物自動車運送事業を承継した法人は、第三条の許可に基づく権利義務を承継する。
• The person to whom the general motor truck transportation business has been transferred with the approval given in paragraph (1) or the juridical person that continues or the juridical person that is established after the merger when a general motor truck transportation business has merged or split or the juridical person that has succeeded to the general motor truck transportation business after split with the approval given in paragraph (2) shall also succeed to the rights and obligations based on the permission given in Article 3.

• ある人が、約束の表明とか行為によって、別の人に、あるやり方で自分が行動をし続けることに信頼させ、期待や打算を作り出し、その推測に人生計画のなにがしかを賭けさせたなら、その人にはその他人にたいして新しい一連の道徳的義務が生じるのであり、その義務を踏みにじることはできても、無視することはできません。
• When a person, either by express promise or by conduct, has encouraged another to rely upon his continuing to act in a certain way―to build expectations and calculations, and stake any part of his plan of life upon that supposition―a new series of moral obligations arises on his part towards that person, which may possibly be overruled, but cannot be ignored.

• 終身定期金債務者が終身定期金の元本を受領した場合において、その終身定期金の給付を怠り、又はその他の義務を履行しないときは、相手方は、元本の返還を請求することができる。この場合において、相手方は、既に受け取った終身定期金の中からその元本の利息を控除した残額を終身定期金債務者に返還しなければならない。
• In cases where the obligor in a life annuity has received the principal for the life annuity, if the obligor fails to pay the life annuity or fails to perform other obligations, the other party may demand the return of the principal. In such cases, the other party must return the amount of the life annuity he/she has already received to the obligor of the life annuity, less the amount of the interest on that principal.

• 電子記録権利者又は電子記録義務者（これらの者について相続その他の一般承継があったときは、その相続人その他の一般承継人。以下この項において同じ。）に電子記録の請求をすべきことを命ずる確定判決による電子記録は、当該請求をしなければならない他の電子記録権利者又は電子記録義務者だけで請求することができる。
• Electronic Records based on the final and binding judgment ordering Electronically Recorded Claim Holder or Electronically Recorded Claim Obligor (in case of general succession such as inheritance regarding said holder, meaning his/her heir or other general successor; the same shall apply to this paragraph) to make request for Electronic Records, may be requested by other Electronically Recorded Claim Holders or Electronically Recorded Claim Obligors, who have to make said request.

• 裁判所書記官は、給付義務者に強制管理の開始決定を送達するに際し、当該給付義務者に対し、開始決定の送達の日から二週間以内に給付請求権に対する差押命令又は差押処分の存否その他の最高裁判所規則で定める事項について陳述すべき旨を催告しなければならない。この場合においては、第百四十七条第二項の規定を準用する。
• A court clerk shall, upon servicing a commencement order for compulsory administration upon a person obligated to deliver, make a demand to the person obligated to deliver to state the presence or absence of any order of seizure or disposition of seizure against the delivery claim and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court within two weeks from the day of service of the commencement order. In this case, the provisions of Article 147(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis.

• 特定包装利用事業者は、毎年度、主務省令で定めるところにより、その事業において用いる特定包装（第十八条第一項の認定に係る特定包装及び本邦から輸出される商品に係る特定包装を除く。以下この条において同じ。）が属する容器包装区分に係る特定分別基準適合物について、再商品化義務量の再商品化をしなければならない。
• Pursuant to the provision of the ordinance of the competent ministry, specified packaging users shall, every fiscal year, recycle the obligatory recycling amount of waste containers and packaging that conforms to the specified sorting standards pertaining to the Classification of Containers and Packaging to which the specified packaging used in the business (excluding specified packaging pertaining to recognition set forth in Article 18, paragraph and specified packaging pertaining to goods exported from Japan; hereinafter the same shall apply in this article) belong.

• 外国貿易及び国民経済の健全な発展を図るため、我が国が締結した条約その他の国際約束を誠実に履行するため、国際平和のための国際的な努力に我が国として寄与するため、又は第十条第一項の閣議決定を実施するため、貨物を輸入しようとする者は、政令で定めるところにより、輸入の承認を受ける義務を課せられることがある。
• For the purpose of achieving the sound development of foreign trade and the national economy, sincerely fulfilling obligations under the treaties and other international agreements Japan has signed, making Japan's contribution to international efforts for achieving international peace, or implementing a cabinet decision set forth in Article 10, paragraph 1, any person who intends to import goods may be obliged to obtain import approval pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order.

• 第五十条第六号の二に規定する保育費用を支弁した都道府県又は第五十一条第三号若しくは第四号に規定する保育費用を支弁した市町村の長は、本人又はその扶養義務者から、当該保育費用をこれらの者から徴収した場合における家計に与える影響を考慮して保育の実施に係る児童の年齢等に応じて定める額を徴収することができる。
• If a prefectural government has paid daycare expenses provided in Article 50 item (vi)-2, or if a municipal government has paid daycare expenses provided in Article 51 item (iii) or (iv), the head of such a prefectural or municipal government may collect said daycare expenses from the referenced person or his/her supporter under duty in the amount to be provided in accordance with the age, etc. of the child pertaining to such Daycare Practice after considering the impact on his/her household finances that will be caused by such collection.

• 役員、雇入解雇昇進又は異動に関して直接の権限を持つ監督的地位にある労働者、使用者の労働関係についての計画と方針とに関する機密の事項に接し、そのためにその職務上の義務と責任とが当該労働組合の組合員としての誠意と責任とに直接にてい触する監督的地位にある労働者その他使用者の利益を代表する者の参加を許すもの
• which admits to membership of officers; workers in supervisory positions having direct authority with respect to hiring, firing, promotions, or transfers; workers in supervisory positions having access to confidential information relating to the employer's labor relations plans and policies so that their official duties and responsibilities directly conflict with their sincerity and responsibilities as members of the labor union said; and other persons who represent the interests of the employer;

• リファレンス番号の送金受取人への通知は、お客さまが自己の責任において行うものとし、当社は当該リファレンス番号の送金受取人への通知に関する一切の義務を負わず、送金受取人が当該リファレンス番号の通知を受けないことによりお客さままたは送金受取人に生じた損害については、当社は一切責任を負わないものとします。
• The customer shall be responsible for notifying the money transfer recipient of the reference number, and the Company shall bear no obligation whatsoever concerning notification of the reference number to the money transfer recipient; and the Company shall be in no way liable for any damages to the customer or the money transfer recipient resulting from the money transfer recipient not receiving notification of the reference number.

• 金融商品取引業者が、同一の銘柄に対し自己又は他の金融商品取引業者等の複数の売付け及び買付けの気配を提示し、当該複数の売付け及び買付けの気配に基づく価格を用いる方法（複数の金融商品取引業者等が恒常的に売付け及び買付けの気配を提示し、かつ当該売付け及び買付けの気配に基づき売買を行う義務を負うものを除く。）
• a method by which a Financial Instruments Specialist offers more than one asked and bidding quotations of its own or of any other Financial Instruments Specialist, etc. for a single issue, and uses an indicative price based on said asked and bidding quotations (excluding those in which more than one Financial Instruments Specialist, etc. constantly offer asked and bidding quotations, and have obligations to conduct a purchase and sale on the basis of said asked and bidding quotations).

• 財団法人法律扶助協会（以下「扶助協会」という。）は、寄附行為の定めるところにより、設立委員又は支援センターに対し、民事法律扶助法の廃止の時において現に扶助協会が有する権利及び義務のうち、民事法律扶助事業の遂行に伴い扶助協会に属するに至ったものを、支援センターにおいて承継すべき旨を申し出ることができる。
• The Japan Legal Aid Association (hereinafter referred to as the 'JLAA') may, pursuant to the provisions of its act of endowment, propose to the organizing committee members or the JLSC that the JLSC should succeed to those rights and obligations which were held by the JLAA as of the time of abolition of the Civil Legal Aid Act and which the JLAA assumed in the course of performing civil legal support business.

• 財務大臣は、この法律若しくはこの法律に基づく命令の規定の確実な実施を図るため必要があると認めるとき又は国際収支の均衡若しくは通貨の安定を維持するため特に必要があると認めるときは、貴金属を輸出し又は輸入しようとする居住者又は非居住者に対し、政令で定めるところにより、許可を受ける義務を課することができる。
• When the Minister of Finance finds it necessary for assured enforcement of provisions of this Act or orders based on this Act or when he/she finds it particularly necessary for maintaining equilibrium of the international balance of trade or stability of currency, he/she may impose, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, on a resident or a non-resident who intends to import or export precious metal, the obligation to obtain permission.

• 特別徴収義務者は、第一項の規定による通知を受けた場合においては、その通知を受けた日以降特別徴収対象保険料額を徴収して納入する義務を負わない。この場合において、特別徴収義務者は、直ちに当該通知に係る特別徴収対象被保険者に係る保険料徴収の実績その他必要な事項を当該通知をした市町村に通知しなければならない。
• A Person Under Obligation of Special Collection, in a case when said Person received a notification pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), shall have no obligation to collect and pay an Insurance Premium Amount Subject to Special Collection after the date of said notification. In this case, a Person Under Obligation of Special Collection shall provide notice of the result of an insurance premium collection pertaining to an Insured Person Subject to Special Collection pertaining to said notification and other necessary matters, immediately to the Municipality which issued said notification.

• 社会は契約に基礎を置くものではないし、そこから社会的義務を導き出すために契約をでっち上げてもたいして役には立たないとはいえ、社会の保護を受けている人はだれもが恩義に報いる義務を負っているし、また社会に生きているという事実から、各人が残りの人たちにたいする行為の一定の秩序を守ることが不可欠となるのです。
• Though society is not founded on a contract, and though no good purpose is answered by inventing a contract in order to deduce social obligations from it, every one who receives the protection of society owes a return for the benefit, and the fact of living in society renders it indispensable that each should be bound to observe a certain line of conduct towards the rest.

• 受託者が前条の規定に違反して受益者に対する信託財産に係る給付をした場合には、次の各号に掲げる者は、連帯して（第二号に掲げる受益者にあっては、現に受けた個別の給付額の限度で連帯して）、当該各号に定める義務を負う。ただし、受託者がその職務を行うについて注意を怠らなかったことを証明した場合は、この限りでない。
• Where a trustee has distributed trust property to the beneficiary in violation of the provisions of the preceding Article, the persons listed in the following items shall have the joint and several liability specified in the respective items (in the case of the beneficiary set forth in item (ii), joint and several liability up to the amount of each distribution actually received); provided, however, that this shall not apply where the trustee proves that the trustee did not fail to exercise due care in performing the duties:

• 財務大臣は、この法律又はこの法律に基づく命令の規定の確実な実施を図るため必要があると認めるときは、支払手段（第六条第一項第七号ハに掲げる支払手段が入力されている証票等を含む。）又は証券を輸出し、又は輸入しようとする居住者又は非居住者に対し、政令で定めるところにより、許可を受ける義務を課することができる。
• When the Minister of Finance finds it necessary for assured enforcement of provisions of this Act or orders based on this Act, he/she may impose, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, on a resident or non-resident who intends to import or export means of payment (including vouchers, etc. in which means of payment is inputted, which is listed in Article 6, paragraph 1, item 7 (c)) or securities the obligation to obtain permission.

• 特許法第百四条の二から第百六条まで（具体的態様の明示義務、特許権者等の権利行使の制限、書類の提出等、損害計算のための鑑定、相当な損害額の認定、秘密保持命令、秘密保持命令の取消し、訴訟記録の閲覧等の請求の通知等、当事者尋問等の公開停止及び信用回復の措置）の規定は、実用新案権又は専用実施権の侵害に準用する。
• Articles 104-2 to 106 (obligation to clarify the specific conditions (of infringement), restriction on exercise of rights of patentee, etc., production of documents, etc., expert opinion for calculation of damages, determination of reasonable damages, protective order, rescission of protective order, notice, etc. of a request inspection of record, etc., ban on open examination of parties, etc. and measures to restore credibility) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to infringement of a utility model right or exclusive license.

• 首都圏とは「首都＋圏（その周辺地域）」のことであるが、後継法では「首都」部分は前身法で既に首都と定めた「東京都」と明確に定めることで、その変更には国会の議決を義務付け、「その周辺地域」部分は下位法令（政令）に委任することで、国会の議決なく柔軟に変更できる余地を残す形で、前身法の首都の定義を継承している。
• The national capital region refers to the region 'the capital and its surrounding area,' but in the succeeding law, it is clearly defined that 'national capital' part is 'Tokyo Metropolis' established in predecessor law (abolished law) and it imposes the obligation of Diet vote in order to change that part, and concerning 'the surrounding area' the new law took over predecessor law, in the way to delegate the lower rank act (government ordinance) and not to require Diet vote and flexibly change 'the surrounding area' part.

• ただし、名例律32条の本来の解釈では法令に違反する方法で獲得した贓物は、たとえ当事者間の合意の有る授受であったとしても原所有者に返還する義務があるとするものであり、一般的な合意のある授受（すなわち贈与の意味での「和与」）は返還の対象とはならないとした『法曹至要抄』の解釈はこれと矛盾する内容を含んでいた。
• However, the view stated in 'Hossoshiyosho' that what was transferred in the usual manner based on agreement (i.e., 'wayo' in the sense of gift) does not need to be returned contains inconsistencies with Article 32 of Meirei-ritsu which is supposed to be interpreted to mean that stolen goods obtained in an illegal way are required to be returned to the original owner even if the transfer was made upon mutual agreement between the parties.

• 前項の規定にかかわらず、第五十六条第一項第五号に掲げる事由（第五十七条第一項の規定によるものに限る。）により受託者の任務が終了した場合には、前受託者は、新受託者等が信託事務の処理をすることができるに至るまで、引き続き受託者としての権利義務を有する。ただし、信託行為に別段の定めがあるときは、この限りでない。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, where a trustee's duty as trustee has been terminated on the grounds listed in Article 56, paragraph (1), item (v) (limited to the case under the provisions of Article 57, paragraph (1)), the former trustee shall continue to have the rights and duties of a trustee until a new trustee, etc. becomes able to administer trust affairs; provided, however, that if the terms of trust otherwise provides, such provisions shall prevail.

• 経済産業大臣は、法第二十四条第一項又は第二項の規定に基づき居住者が特定資本取引を行うことについて許可を受ける義務を課する場合には、あらかじめ、告示により、これらの規定のうちいずれの規定に基づき許可を受ける義務を課するかを明らかにした上で、その許可を受けなければならない特定資本取引を指定してするものとする。
• Where the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry imposes, pursuant to Article 24, paragraph (1) or (2) of the Act, on a resident the obligation to obtain permission for conducting the specified capital transactions, he/she shall do so designating the specified capital transactions that require permission after clarifying, in advance, by a public notice, the provision, among these provisions, based on which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed.

• 市町村は、第百三十六条第一項の規定により支払回数割保険料額を特別徴収義務者に通知した後に当該通知に係る特別徴収対象被保険者が被保険者資格を喪失した場合その他厚生労働省令で定める場合においては、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより、その旨を当該特別徴収義務者及び当該特別徴収対象被保険者に通知しなければならない。
• A Municipality, in a case when an Insured Person Subject to Special Collection pertaining to said notification has lost status as an Insured Person after notification of an insurance premium amount divided by the number of payments to a Person Under Obligation of Special Collection pursuant to the provisions of Article 136, paragraph (1) or other cases as determined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, shall provide notification of said fact, pursuant to the provisions of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, to said Person Under Obligation of Special Collection and said Insured Person Subject to Special Collection.

• 遺贈義務者（遺贈の履行をする義務を負う者をいう。以下この節において同じ。）その他の利害関係人は、受遺者に対し、相当の期間を定めて、その期間内に遺贈の承認又は放棄をすべき旨の催告をすることができる。この場合において、受遺者がその期間内に遺贈義務者に対してその意思を表示しないときは、遺贈を承認したものとみなす。
• A person with a duty of testamentary gift (in this Section, a person who bears a duty to perform a testamentary gift) or any other interested party may give notice to a testamentary donee to the effect that acceptance or renunciation of a testamentary gift should be made within a specified period, fixing a period that is reasonable. In this case, if a donee does not indicate his/her intention to a person with a duty of testamentary gift within that period, the testamentary gift shall be deemed to have been accepted.

• 前項の場合において、他の全部の履行をする義務を負う者が破産手続開始後に債権者に対して弁済その他の債務を消滅させる行為（以下この条において「弁済等」という。）をしたときであっても、その債権の全額が消滅した場合を除き、その債権者は、破産手続開始の時において有する債権の全額についてその権利を行使することができる。
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, even if other person(s) who have the obligation of entire performance has made payment to the creditor or conducted any other act with the creditor to cause their debt to be extinguished (hereinafter referred to as 'payment, etc.' in this Article) after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, the creditor, except where the whole amount of the claim is extinguished, may exercise his/her right for the whole amount of the claim that he/she holds at the time of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.

• 保障契約は、タンカー（二千トン以下のばら積みの油の輸送の用に供するタンカーを除く。）のタンカー所有者が当該タンカーに積載されていた油によるタンカー油濁損害の賠償の責めに任ずる場合において、その賠償の義務の履行により当該タンカー所有者に生ずる損害をてん補する保険契約又はその賠償の義務の履行を担保する契約とする。
• A Contract on Insurance or Other Financial Security shall be an insurance contract to cover the damages incurred by the said Tanker Owner by the performance of its obligations for damages or a contract to secure the performance of its obligations for damages in the case the Tanker Owner of a Tanker (except those used for transportation of 2,000 tons or less of Oil in bulk) is responsible for compensation for the damage caused by the Oil loaded in the said Tanker.

• 第一項第二号の手続実施基本契約の締結に関する事項に関する業務規程は、銀行から手続実施基本契約の締結の申込みがあつた場合には、当該銀行が手続実施基本契約に係る債務その他の紛争解決等業務の実施に関する義務を履行することが確実でないと見込まれるときを除き、これを拒否してはならないことを内容とするものでなければならない。
• The Operational Rules concerning the matters for the conclusion of a Basic Contract for Implementation of Dispute Resolution Procedures under paragraph (1), item (ii) shall provide that, in cases where a Designated Dispute Resolution Organization receives an application for the conclusion of a Basic Contract for Implementation of Dispute Resolution Procedures from a Bank, except in cases where it is expected to be uncertain whether said Bank will perform the obligations pertaining to the Basic Contract for Implementation of Dispute Resolution Procedures or any other obligations regarding the implementation of Dispute Resolution, etc., said Designated Dispute Resolution Organization shall not refuse such application.

• 前項の場合において、各受益証券の権利者は、書面をもって、代表権利者に対してその権利（権利者集会の招集に係る権利並びに信託法第三十六条（信託事務の処理の状況についての報告義務）、第三十八条（帳簿等の閲覧等の請求）及び第三十九条（他の受益者の氏名等の開示の請求）の権利を除く。）を行使すべきことを請求することができる。
• In the cases set forth in the preceding paragraph, each Beneficiary Certificate Holder may make a request of the Representative Beneficiary Certificate Holder, in writing, for the exercise of his/her right (excluding rights pertaining to calling a Beneficiary Certificate Holders' meeting and the rights set forth in Article 36 (Duty to Report on the Processing Status of Trust Affairs), Article 38 (Request for Inspection, etc. of Books, etc.) and Article 39 (Request for Disclosure of the Name, etc. of Another Beneficiary) of the Trust Act).

• 附則第十九条の規定の施行前に独立行政法人等の保有する情報の公開に 関する法律（平成十三年法律第百四十号）の規定に基づき機構がした行為及び機構に対してなされた行為（附則第十三条の規定により会社が承継することとなる 権利及び義務に関するものに限る。）については、会社を同法第二条第一項に規定する独立行政法人等とみなす。
• With regard to any acts conducted by NEDO or any acts conducted against NEDO based on the provisions of the Act on Access to Information Held by Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc. (Act No. 140 of 2001) prior to the enforcement of the provisions of Article 19 of the Supplementary Provisions (limited to acts concerning the rights and obligations that a company is to succeed to pursuant to the provisions of Article 13 of the Supplementary Provisions), the company shall be deemed to be an incorporated administrative agency, etc. as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of said Act.

• 特別徴収義務者は、前条第一項の規定による通知を受けた場合においては、同項に規定する支払回数割保険料額を、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより、当該年の十月一日から翌年三月三十一日までの間において特別徴収対象年金給付の支払をする際徴収し、その徴収した日の属する月の翌月の十日までに、これを当該市町村に納入する義務を負う。
• A Person Under Obligation of Special Collection, in a case when the Person receives a notification pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, shall be under an obligation pursuant to the provisions of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, to pay the insurance premium amount divided by the number of payments as prescribed in the same paragraph when the Person pays an Insurance Premium Amount Subject to Special Collection during the period from October 1 of said year to March 31 of the year following said year, and to pay said amount to said Municipality by the 10th day of the month following the month that includes said day of collection.

• 特別徴収義務者が、特別徴収対象年金給付の支払をする際特別徴収対象被保険者から徴収しなかった保険料額に相当する額を第一項の規定により市町村に納入した場合においては、その徴収しなかった保険料額に相当する額を、当該納入をしたとき以後に当該特別徴収対象被保険者に支払うべき当該特別徴収対象年金給付から控除することができる。
• A Person Under Obligation of Special Collection, in a case when paying to a Municipality pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) the amount equivalent to the insurance premium amount that has not been collected from an Insured Person Subject to Special Collection, upon the payment of a Pension Payment Subject to Special Collection, may deduct the equivalent amount to said insurance premium amount that has not been collected from said Pension Payment Subject to Special Collection to be paid to said Insured Person Subject to Special Collection after a Person Under Obligation of Special Collection has completed said payment.

• 施行日前に医療法（昭和二十三年法律第二百五号）第四条第一項又は第七条第一項の規定により会社の病院又は診療所について都道府県知事がした承認又は許可は、これらの規定により、附則第七条の定めるところにより当該承認又は許可に係る権利及び義務を承継した承継会社の病院又は診療所について都道府県知事がした承認又は許可とみなす。
• The approval or permission related to the hospitals or clinics owned by the Company being approved or permitted by prefectural governors under the provisions of Article 4 paragraph (1) or Article 7 paragraph (1) of the Medical Treatment Act (Act No. 205 of 1948) prior to the effective date of this Act shall be regarded as the authorization or permission related to the hospitals or clinics owned by the Succeeding Companies which succeeded to the rights and obligations pertaining to said approval or permission being approved by the prefectural governors under the provisions of Article 7 of the Supplementary Provisions.

• 未成年後見人は、第八百二十条から第八百二十三条までに規定する事項について、親権を行う者と同一の権利義務を有する。ただし、親権を行う者が定めた教育の方法及び居所を変更し、未成年被後見人を懲戒場に入れ、営業を許可し、その許可を取り消し、又はこれを制限するには、未成年後見監督人があるときは、その同意を得なければならない。
• A guardian of a minor shall have, with respect to the matters prescribed in the Articles 820 to 823 inclusive, the same rights and duties as a person who exercises parental authority; provided that in order to change the plan of education or the residence determined by a person who exercises parental authority, to enter a minor ward into a disciplinary facility, to give permission to carry on business, or to revoke or limit that permission, he/she shall obtain the consent of a supervisor of a guardian of a minor, if one exists.

• 財務大臣は、法第十九条第一項又は第二項の規定に基づき居住者又は非居住者による同条第一項に規定する支払手段又は証券若しくは貴金属（以下「支払手段等」という。）の輸出又は輸入について許可を受ける義務を課する場合には、あらかじめ、告示により、その許可を受けなければならない支払手段等の輸出又は輸入を指定してするものとする。
• Where the Minister of Finance imposes, pursuant to Article 19, paragraph (1) or (2) of the Act, the obligation to obtain permission for import or export of the means of payment or securities prescribed in paragraph (1) of the said Article, or precious metal (hereinafter referred to as the 'means of payment, etc.')) by a resident or a non-resident, he/she shall do so designating, in advance, by a public notice, the import or export of the means of payment, etc. that require permission.

• 施行日において新令第十一条第一項の規定に基づく告示により指定した資本取引のうち、国際平和のための国際的な努力に我が国として寄与することを妨げることとなる事態を生じ、新法の目的を達成することが困難になると認めて新法第二十一条第一項の規定により許可を受ける義務を課した資本取引であることを当該告示において特定した資本取引
• Among capital transactions designated by a public notice based on the provision of Article 11, paragraph (1) of the New Order as on the date of enforcement, capital transactions which were specified by the public notice as those for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provision of Article 21, paragraph (1) of the New Act, deeming that they might cause a situation that hinders Japan's contribution to international efforts for achieving international peace and makes it difficult to attain the purpose of the New Act

• 前項に規定する場合においては、特別徴収義務者は、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより、特別徴収対象年金給付の支払を受けないこととなった特別徴収対象被保険者その他厚生労働省令で定める者の氏名、当該特別徴収対象被保険者に係る保険料徴収の実績その他必要な事項を、特別徴収に係る納入金を納入すべき市町村に通知しなければならない。
• In a case as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, a Person Under Obligation of Special Collection, pursuant to the provisions of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, shall provide notification of the name of said Insured Person Subject to Special Collection that has become unable to receive said Pension Payment Subject to Special Collection or other person as prescribed in an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, and of the result of an insurance premium collection pertaining to said Person Under Obligation of Special Collection and other necessary matters to the Municipality that said insurance premium amount pertaining to special collection is due to be paid.

• 特許法第百三条（過失の推定）、第百四条の二から第百五条の六まで（具体的態様の明示義務、特許権者等の権利行使の制限、書類の提出等、損害計算のための鑑定、相当な損害額の認定、秘密保持命令、秘密保持命令の取消し及び訴訟記録の閲覧等の請求の通知等）及び第百六条（信用回復の措置）の規定は、商標権又は専用使用権の侵害に準用する。
• Articles 103 (Presumption of negligence), 104-2 to 105-6 (Obligation to clarify acts in concrete manner; Restriction on exercise of rights of patentee, etc.; Submission of documents, etc.; Expert opinion for calculation of damages; Determination of reasonable damages; Order to keep confidentiality; Rescission of confidentiality Order; Notification of petition requesting inspection of trial record, etc.) and 106 (Measures to restore credibility) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the infringement of a trademark right and an exclusive right to use.

• 扶養をする義務のある者が数人ある場合において、扶養をすべき者の順序について、当事者間に協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、家庭裁判所が、これを定める。扶養を受ける権利のある者が数人ある場合において、扶養義務者の資力がその全員を扶養するのに足りないときの扶養を受けるべき者の順序についても、同様とする。
• In the case where there exist several persons under a duty to give support, and agreement has not, or cannot be, reached between the parties with respect to the order in which they are to give support, the family court shall determine the order. In the case where there exist several persons entitled to support and the financial capacity of the person under a duty to give support is insufficient to support them all, the same shall apply.

• 事業者は、消費者契約の条項を定めるに当たっては、消費者の権利義務その他の消費者契約の内容が消費者にとって明確かつ平易なものになるよう配慮するとともに、消費者契約の締結について勧誘をするに際しては、消費者の理解を深めるために、消費者の権利義務その他の消費者契約の内容についての必要な情報を提供するよう努めなければならない。
• Business operators drafting clauses of a consumer contract shall endeavor to make the rights and duties of consumers and such other things set forth in the consumer contract clear and plain to consumers and in order to deepen consumer understanding when consumers are solicited to enter into consumer contracts, to provide necessary information about the consumer's rights and duties and such other things set forth in the consumer contract.

• 特定容器利用事業者は、毎年度、主務省令で定めるところにより、その事業において用いる特定容器（第十八条第一項の認定に係る特定容器及び本邦から輸出される商品に係る特定容器を除く。次項第二号ロを除き、以下この条において同じ。）が属する容器包装区分に係る特定分別基準適合物について、再商品化義務量の再商品化をしなければならない。
• Pursuant to the provision of the ordinance of the competent ministry, specified container users shall recycle, every fiscal year, the obligatory recycling amount of waste containers and packaging that conform to the specified sorting standards pertaining to the Classification of Containers and Packaging to which specified containers (excluding specified containers pertaining to recognition set forth in Article 18, paragraph 1 and specified containers pertaining to goods exported from Japan; hereinafter the same shall apply in this article, excluding (b) of item 2 of the following paragraph) used in their business belong.

• 施 行日前に医療法（昭和二十三年法律第二百五号）第四条第一項又は第七条第一項の規定により会社の病院又は診療所について都道府県知事がした承認又は許可 は、これらの規定により、附則第七条の定めるところにより当該承認又は許可に係る権利及び義務を承継した承継会社の病院又は診療所について都道府県知事が した承認又は許可とみなす。
• The approval or permission related to the hospitals or clinics owned by the Company being approved or permitted by prefectural governors under the provisions of Article 4 paragraph (1) or Article 7 paragraph (1) of the Medical Treatment Act (Act No. 205 of 1948) prior to the effective date of this Act shall be regarded as the authorization or permission related to the hospitals or clinics owned by the Succeeding Companies which succeeded to the rights and obligations pertaining to said approval or permission being approved by the prefectural governors under the provisions of Article 7 of the Supplementary Provisions.

• 附則第十九条の規定の施行 前に独立行政法人等の保有する個人情報の保護に関する法律（平成十五年法律第五十九号）の規定に基づき機構がした行為及び機構に対してなされた行為（附則 第十三条の規定により会社が承継することとなる権利及び義務に関するものに限る。）については、会社を同法第二条第一項に規定する独立行政法人等とみな す。
• With regard to any acts conducted by NEDO or any acts conducted against NEDO based on the provisions of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information Held by Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc. (Act No. 59 of 2003) prior to the enforcement of the provisions of Article 19 of the Supplementary Provisions (limited to acts concerning the rights and obligations that a company is to succeed to pursuant to the provisions of Article 13 of the Supplementary Provisions), the company shall be deemed to be an incorporated administrative agency, etc. as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of said Act.

• さらに言うと、二人の契約当事者間の関係が他人に影響を与え、第三者を特殊な立場に置き、結婚の場合には、第三者を誕生させることになれば、契約当事者双方の側に第三者にたいする義務が生じ、その義務の履行、あるいは、どうであれ履行のやり方が、そもそもの契約当事者の関係が継続するのか破棄されるかで、大きく影響を受けざるをえません。
• And again, if the relation between two contracting parties has been followed by consequences to others; if it has placed third parties in any peculiar position, or, as in the case of marriage, has even called third parties into existence, obligations arise on the part of both the contracting parties towards those third persons, the fulfilment of which, or at all events the mode of fulfilment, must be greatly affected by the continuance or disruption of the relation between the original parties to the contract.

• イーター機構の特権及び免除に関する協定第十条に従い、イーター機構は、いかなる種類の資金、通貨、現金又は有価証券も受領し、及び保持することができる。イーター機構は、イーター協定に規定するあらゆる目的のためにそれらを自由に処分し、及びイーター機構の義務を履行するために必要な範囲内でいかなる通貨の勘定も保持することができる。
• Pursuant to Article 10 of the Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the ITER Organization, the ITER Organization may receive and hold any kind of funds, currency, cash or securities; it may dispose of them freely for any purpose provided for in the ITER Agreement and hold accounts in any currency to the extent required to meet its obligations.

• 特別徴収義務者は、第百三十五条の規定により当該特別徴収義務者が徴収すべき保険料に係る特別徴収対象被保険者が当該特別徴収義務者から特別徴収対象年金給付の支払を受けないこととなった場合その他厚生労働省令で定める場合においては、その事由が発生した日の属する月の翌月以降徴収すべき保険料額は、これを徴収して納入する義務を負わない。
• A Person Under Obligation of Special Collection, in a case when said Insured Person Subject to Special Collection pertaining to an insurance premium that said Person Under Obligation of Special Collection should collect pursuant to the provisions of Article 135 has reasonable cause not to collect said Pension Payment Subject to Special Collection from said Person Under Obligation of Special Collection and in other cases as determined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, will have no obligation to collect and pay the insurance premium amount that should be paid, after the month following the month that includes the day that said reasonable cause is first valid.

• 第五十五条、第百二十条第五項、第四百二十四条（第四百八十六条第四項において準用する場合を含む。）、第四百六十二条第三項（同項ただし書に規定する分配可能額を超えない部分について負う義務に係る部分に限る。）、第四百六十四条第二項及び第四百六十五条第二項の規定は、責任追及等の訴えに係る訴訟における和解をする場合には、適用しない。
• The provisions of Article 55, Article 120(5), Article 424 (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 486(4)), Article 462(3) (limited to the portion pertaining to the obligations assumed for the portion not exceeding the Distributable Amount prescribed in the proviso to that paragraph), Article 464(2) and Article 465(2) shall not apply in cases of effecting a settlement in a suit relating to an Action for Pursuing Liability, etc.

• 受託者が二人以上ある信託においては、第七十五条第一項及び第二項の規定にかかわらず、その一人の任務が第五十六条第一項各号に掲げる事由により終了した場合には、その任務が終了した時に存する信託に関する権利義務は他の受託者が当然に承継し、その任務は他の受託者が行う。ただし、信託行為に別段の定めがあるときは、その定めるところによる。
• In the case of a trust with two or more trustees, when one of these trustees' duty as a trustee has been terminated on any of the grounds listed in the items of Article 56 paragraph (1), notwithstanding the provisions of Article 75, paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), the other trustee(s) shall succeed to the rights and duties concerning the trust existing as of the time of termination of said duty, by operation of law, and shall perform the terminated duties of such trustee; provided, however, that if the terms of trust otherwise provides for, such provisions shall prevail.

• 債務者が、再生手続開始の前後を問わず、特定の債権者に対する債務について、他の債権者を害する目的で、担保の供与又は債務の消滅に関する行為であって債務者の義務に属せず又はその方法若しくは時期が債務者の義務に属しないものをし、再生手続開始の決定が確定したときは、五年以下の懲役若しくは五百万円以下の罰金に処し、又はこれを併科する。
• Where a debtor, before or after the commencement of rehabilitation proceedings, with regard to his/her debt to a specific creditor, for the purpose of harming other creditors, has conducted an act concerning the provision of security or extinguishment of debt that is not included in the scope of the debtor's obligation in terms of the act itself or the method or time of performance of the act, and an order of commencement of rehabilitation proceedings has become final and binding, the debtor shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than five years or a fine of not more than five million yen, or both.

• 占有物が占有者の責めに帰すべき事由によって滅失し、又は損傷したときは、その回復者に対し、悪意の占有者はその損害の全部の賠償をする義務を負い、善意の占有者はその滅失又は損傷によって現に利益を受けている限度において賠償をする義務を負う。ただし、所有の意思のない占有者は、善意であるときであっても、全部の賠償をしなければならない。
• If possessed Thing has suffered loss or damage due to reasons attributable to the possessor, a possessor in bad faith shall be liable to compensate the person recovering the loss for the entire loss, and a possessor in good faith shall be liable to compensate such person for the loss to the extent he/she is actually enriched as a result of such loss or damage; provided, however, that a possessor who does not have the intention of holding as owner must compensate the entire loss, even if he/she is in good faith.

• 事業者は、消費者契約の条項を定めるに当たっては、消費者の権利義務その 他の消費者契約の内容が消費者にとって明確かつ平易なものになるよう配慮するとともに、消費者契約の締結について勧誘をするに際しては、消費者の理解を深 めるために、消費者の権利義務その他の消費者契約の内容についての必要な情報を提供するよう努めなければならない。
• Business operators drafting clauses of a consumer contract shall endeavor to make the rights and duties of consumers and such other things set forth in the consumer contract clear and plain to consumers and in order to deepen consumer understanding when consumers are solicited to enter into consumer contracts, to provide necessary information about the consumer's rights and duties and such other things set forth in the consumer contract.

• その後、守護の職務内容が次第に明確化されていき、1232年（貞永1）に制定された御成敗式目において、守護の職掌は、軍事・警察的な職務である大犯三ヶ条の検断（御家人の義務である鎌倉・京都での大番役の催促、謀反人の捜索逮捕、殺害人の捜索逮捕）と大番役の指揮監督に限定され、国司の職権である行政への関与や国衙領の支配を禁じられた。
• Later, the job responsibilities of Shugo were clarified, and in Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai) that was enacted in 1232, the duties of Shugo were limited to the military and police duties of Taibon-sankajo (enforcing the obligation of the gokenin, an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods, to provide security in Kamakura/Kyoto, investigating and apprehending rebels, and investigating and apprehending murderers) and command supervision of Obanyaku (a job to guard Kyoto), and it was forbidden for them to rule Kokugaryo or get involved with government, which was the privilege of the Kokushi.

• 他の一つ又は複数の加盟者との合意により、そのような一つ又は複数の加盟者に、特定の財政上の貢献以外の貢献を行う義務を移転する、あるいは当該加盟者から当該義務を引き受けることができる。この場合、各加盟者に生じた貢献義務の変更を十分に勘案し、第Ⅰ.3条で言及される費用分担に合致するよう加盟者の貢献を調整する適切な手段が取られる。
• in agreement with another Member or Members, transfer to or receive from such other Member or Members an obligation to provide a specific contribution in kind, in which case the changes in obligations of each Member shall be duly accounted for and appropriate measures taken to adjust the Members’ obligations to accord with the cost sharing referred to in Article I.3.

• 第三十六条、第三十七条第一項若しくは第二項、第四十二条、第四十七条第一項（第四十九条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）、第四十九条第一項、第三項若しくは第四項、第五十一条第一項から第四項まで、第五十七条又は第五十八条第六項若しくは第七項の規定による申請をすべき義務がある者がその申請を怠ったときは、十万円以下の過料に処する。
• When a person who has an obligation to file an application under the provisions of Article 36, Article 37, paragraph (1) or paragraph (2), Article 42, Article 47, paragraph (1) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 49, paragraph (2)), Article 49, paragraph (1), paragraph (3) or paragraph (4), Article 51, paragraph (1) to paragraph (4), Article 57 or Article 58, paragraph (6) or paragraph (7) has neglected to file the application, such person shall be punished by a non-penal fine of not more than 100,000 yen.

• 第一項の申立てがあった場合において、裁判所が定める期間内に借地権設定者が自ら建物の譲渡及び賃借権の譲渡又は転貸を受ける旨の申立てをしたときは、裁判所は、同項の規定にかかわらず、相当の対価及び転貸の条件を定めて、これを命ずることができる。この裁判においては、当事者双方に対し、その義務を同時に履行すべきことを命ずることができる。
• In cases where there is a petition as set forth in paragraph (1), when, within the period prescribed by the court, the Lessor himself/herself files a petition that he/she will accept the transfer of the building and transfer or sublease of the lease right, the court may, notwithstanding the provisions of the same paragraph, prescribe a reasonable value and sublease terms by order. In this judicial decision, the court may order both parties to perform their obligations simultaneously.

• 否認権限を有する監督委員は、第百三十五条第一項の規定にかかわらず、否認権の行使に係る相手方（以下この条において「相手方」という。）及び再生債務者間の訴訟が係属する場合には、否認権を行使するため、相手方を被告として、当事者としてその訴訟に参加することができる。ただし、当該訴訟の目的である権利又は義務に係る請求をする場合に限る。
• Notwithstanding the provision of Article 135(1), a supervisor empowered to avoid, if an action is pending between the other party against whom he/she may exercise a right of avoidance (hereinafter referred to as the 'other party' in this Article) and the rehabilitation debtor, may intervene in the action as a party thereto, designating the other party as a defendant, in order to exercise the right of avoidance; provided, however, that this shall apply only where he/she makes a claim pertaining to the right or obligation that is the subject matter of the action.

• 経済産業大臣は、前条第二項の規定により経済産業大臣の許可を受ける義務が課された場合において当該許可を受けないで同項に規定する取引を行つた者に対し、一年以内の期間を限り、非居住者との間で貨物の設計、製造若しくは使用に係る技術の提供を目的とする取引を行い、又は特定技術に係る特定の種類の貨物の輸出を行うことを禁止することができる。
• The Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry may prohibit a person who has conducted transactions prescribed in paragraph 2 of the preceding article without obtaining permission from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry where the obligation to obtain such permission has been imposed pursuant to the provision of the said paragraph from conducting transactions designed to provide technology pertaining to the design, manufacture or use of goods with a non-resident, or from exporting specific kinds of goods pertaining to Specified Technology, for a period of not more than one year.

• その事業において容器包装を用いる事業者及び容器包装の製造、加工又は販売の事業を行う者は、資源の有効な利用の促進に関する法律で定めるところにより、その事業に係る容器包装のうち容器包装廃棄物として排出されたものの分別収集を促進し、及びこれにより得られた分別基準適合物の再商品化を促進するための措置を講ずる義務を課せられるものとする。
• Pursuant to the provisions of the Act on the Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, business operators using containers and packaging in business and business operators conducting the business of manufacturing, processing or selling containers and packaging shall be imposed the obligation to take measures to promote sorted collection of containers and packaging pertaining to the business, which have been discharged as waste containers and packaging, and to promote recycling of waste containers and packaging that conform to the sorting standards, which has been obtained through sorted collection.

• 市町村は、第一項本文、第二項又は第三項の規定により特別徴収の方法によって保険料を徴収しようとする場合においては、第一項本文、第二項又は第三項に規定する第一号被保険者（以下「特別徴収対象被保険者」という。）について、当該特別徴収対象被保険者に係る年金保険者（以下「特別徴収義務者」という。）に当該保険料を徴収させなければならない。
• A Municipality, in a case when it intends to collect an insurance premium by the method of special collection pursuant to the provisions of the main clause of paragraph (1), paragraph (2), or paragraph (3), with regard to a Primary Insured Person as prescribed in the main clause of paragraph (1), paragraph (2), or paragraph (3) (hereinafter referred to as "Insured Person Subject to Special Collection"), shall direct said Pension Insurer pertaining to said Insured Person Subject to Special Collection (hereinafter referred to as a "Person Under Obligation of Special Collection") to collect said insurance premium.

• 発行登録を行つた有価証券の発行者である会社は、第五条第四項に規定する要件を満たすため必要があるときは、第二十四条第一項（同条第五項において準用する場合を含む。以下この項において同じ。）の規定による有価証券報告書を提出する義務が消滅した後においても、引き続き同条第一項に規定する有価証券報告書及びその添付書類を提出することができる。
• A company which is the Issuer of the Securities for which a Shelf Registration has been made may continue the submission of Annual Securities Reports required under Article 24(1) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 24(5); hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) and documents to be attached thereto even after the obligation to submit Annual Securities Reports under Article 24(1) extinguishes, if their submission is necessary to satisfy the requirements of Article 5(4).

• 財務大臣は、第一項の規定により、資本取引を行うことについて、その全部若しくは一部を禁止し、又は許可を受ける義務を課した場合において、その禁止をし、又は許可を受ける義務を課する必要がなくなつたと認めるときは、その禁止をし、又は許可を受ける義務を課した者に対する通知により、速やかにその禁止又はその課した義務を解除しなければならない。
• Where the Minister of Finance, pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), has prohibited a person from conducting, in whole or in part, capital transactions or imposed on a person the obligation to obtain permission for conducting capital transactions, he/she shall, when he/she finds that there is no longer a need to prohibit capital transactions or impose the obligation to obtain permission, promptly cancel the prohibition or the obligation by a notice to the person who has been prohibited or obliged to obtain permission.

• 前項第二号に掲げる者が同号に定める対価につき同項の規定により所得税を徴収された場合における所得税法第二百十五条の規定の適用については、同条中「源泉徴収義務）」とあるのは「源泉徴収義務）又は租税特別措置法第四十二条第一項（免税芸能法人等が支払う芸能人等の役務提供報酬等に係る源泉徴収の特例）」と、「同項」とあるのは「これら」とする。
• Where the person listed in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph has been subject to the collection of income tax pursuant to the provision of the said paragraph with respect to the consideration specified in the said item, with regard to the application of the provision of Article 215 of the Income Tax Act, the phrase 'Article 212(1) (Withholding Liability)' in the said Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 212(1) (Withholding Liability) or the provision of Article 42(1) of the Act on Special Measures Concerning Taxation (Special Provisions for Withholding at Source of Remuneration, etc. Paid by Tax-Exempt Entertainment Corporations, etc. to Entertainers for Their Provision of Services),' and the term 'the said paragraph [Article 212(1)]' in the said Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'these clauses.'

• 法第十六条第五項に規定する政令で定める場合は、次に掲げる法令の規定により許可又は承認を受ける義務が課されている貨物の輸出又は輸入のうち、経済産業大臣が当該貨物の輸出又は輸入の当事者、内容その他を勘案してその支払等がされても法の目的を達成するため特に支障がないと認めて告示により指定した貨物の輸出又は輸入に係る支払等をする場合とする。
• The cases specified by Cabinet Order as prescribed in Article 16, paragraph (5) of the Act shall be the cases of making a payment, etc. pertaining to the import or export of goods for which the obligation to obtain permission or approval is imposed pursuant to the provisions of the following laws and regulations, which has been designated by a public notice by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry as he/she finds, by considering the parties to the import or export of the goods and the content thereof and other matters, that even if the payment, etc. is made, no particular obstruction to achieving the purpose of the Act would be caused.

• この法律の施行の際現にされている旧法第十六条第一項又は第二項の規定に基づく命令の規定による許可の申請に係る支払等が、新法第十六条第一項から第三項までの規定に基づく命令の規定により許可を受ける義務を課されたものに該当する場合には、当該申請については、これをこれらの命令の相当規定によりされた許可の申請とみなして、新法の規定を適用する。
• Where the Payment, etc. pertaining to an application for permission pursuant to the provisions of an order pursuant to Article 16, paragraph 1 or 2 of the Old Act, which has actually been filed at the time of enforcement of this Act falls under the Payment, etc. for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provisions of an order pursuant to Article 16, paragraphs 1 to 3 inclusive of the New Act, the provisions of the New Act shall apply, deeming the application to be an application for permission filed pursuant to the corresponding provisions of such an order.

• 前項の場合において、最終の償還義務者又は手形の振出しを委託した者が振出しの当時支払の停止等があったことを知り、又は過失によって知らなかったときは、第五十六条第一項の規定により否認権を行使する権限を付与された監督委員（以下「否認権限を有する監督委員」という。）又は管財人は、これらの者に再生債務者が支払った金額を償還させることができる。
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the final obligor for redemption or the person who had entrusted the drawing of the negotiable instrument knew or was negligent in not knowing, at the time of drawing, the fact that suspension of payments, etc. had taken place, a supervisor empowered to exercise a right of avoidance under the provision of Article 56(1) (hereinafter referred to as a 'supervisor empowered to avoid') or a trustee may have these persons redeem the money paid by the rehabilitation debtor to them.

• 財産開示期日において債務者の財産の一部を開示した開示義務者は、申立人の同意がある場合又は当該開示によつて第百九十七条第一項の金銭債権若しくは同条第二項各号の被担保債権の完全な弁済に支障がなくなつたことが明らかである場合において、執行裁判所の許可を受けたときは、前条第一項の規定にかかわらず、その余の財産について陳述することを要しない。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, a person obliged to disclose who has disclosed part of the property of the obligor on the property disclosure date shall not be required to make a statement on the remaining property, if the permission of the execution court has been obtained, in cases where the consent of the petitioner has been obtained or in cases where it is obvious that the hindrance to full performance of the monetary claim set forth in Article 197(1) or the secured claim set forth in the items of paragraph (2) of said Article has been eliminated through said disclosure.

• 家庭裁判所は、少年又はこれを扶養する義務のある者から証人、鑑定人、通訳人、翻訳人、参考人、第二十二条の三第三項（第二十二条の五第四項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により選任された付添人及び補導を委託された者に支給した旅費、日当、宿泊料その他の費用並びに少年鑑別所及び少年院において生じた費用の全部又は一部を徴収することができる。
• The family court may collect from the Juvenile or the person with a duty to support the Juvenile all or part of the travel expenses, daily allowances, accommodation charges and other costs paid to witnesses, expert witnesses, interpreters, translators, relevant persons, attendants appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 22-3, paragraph (3) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 22-5, paragraph (4)) and those commissioned to give correctional guidance, and the costs incurred by the juvenile classification home and juvenile training school.

• 財務大臣又は経済産業大臣は、第三項の規定により、支払等について、その全部若しくは一部を禁止し、又は許可を受ける義務を課した場合において、その禁止をし、又は許可を受ける義務を課する必要がなくなつたと認めるときは、その禁止をし、又は許可を受ける義務を課した者に対する通知により、速やかにその禁止又はその課した義務を解除しなければならない。
• Where the Minister of Finance or the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, pursuant to the provision of paragraph (3), has prohibited, in whole or in part, payment, etc. or imposed the obligation to obtain permission for the payment, etc., he/she shall, when he/she finds that there is no longer a need to prohibit or impose the obligation to obtain permission, promptly cancel the prohibition or the obligation to obtain permission by a notice to the person who has been prohibited or obliged to obtain permission.

• 受託信託会社等が信託法第三十三条（公平義務）の規定に違反する行為を行い、又はこれを行うおそれがある場合において、これにより一部の受益証券の権利者に回復することができない損害を生ずるおそれがある場合においては、第二百四十条第一項の規定にかかわらず、当該受益証券の権利者は、受託信託会社等に対し、その行為をやめるよう請求することができる。
• In cases where the Fiduciary Trust Company, etc. engages, or is likely to engage, in any act in violation of Article 33 (Duty of Impartiality) of the Trust Act, if such act is likely to cause irreparable harm to some Beneficiary Certificate Holders, such Beneficiary Certificate Holder may, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 240(1), demand that the Fiduciary Trust Company, etc. cease said act.

• 登記官は、前項の登記の申請が所有権に関するものである場合において、同項の登記義務者の住所について変更の登記がされているときは、法務省令で定める場合を除き、同項の申請に基づいて登記をする前に、法務省令で定める方法により、同項の規定による通知のほか、当該登記義務者の登記記録上の前の住所にあてて、当該申請があった旨を通知しなければならない。
• Where an application for a registration set forth in the preceding paragraph relates to ownership, and if a registration of change has been made with regard to the address of the person obliged to register set forth in said paragraph, except in cases specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, the registrar shall, before making a registration based on the application set forth in said paragraph, give notice under the provision of said paragraph and also give further notice of the filing of the application to the previous address of the person obliged to register as recorded in the registration record, by a method specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice.

• 登記官は、権利に関する登記を完了した後に当該登記が第二十五条第一号から第三号まで又は第十三号に該当することを発見したときは、登記権利者及び登記義務者並びに登記上の利害関係を有する第三者に対し、一月以内の期間を定め、当該登記の抹消について異議のある者がその期間内に書面で異議を述べないときは、当該登記を抹消する旨を通知しなければならない。
• When a registrar has found, after completing a registration of a right, that the registration falls under Article 25, item (i) to item (iii) or item (xiii), he/she shall specify a period not exceeding one month and give notice to the person entitled to register, person obliged to register and any third party who has an interest in the registration to the effect that the registration will be cancelled unless any person who has an objection to the cancellation of the registration files an objection in writing within such period.

• 吸収分割承継株式会社（合同会社が吸収分割をする場合における当該吸収分割承継株式会社に限る。）は、効力発生日後遅滞なく、吸収分割合同会社と共同して、吸収分割により吸収分割承継株式会社が承継した吸収分割合同会社の権利義務その他の吸収分割に関する事項として法務省令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• The Succeeding Stock Company in Absorption-type Company Split (limited to the Succeeding Stock Company in Absorption-type Company Split where the Limited Liability Company effects the Absorption-type Company Split) shall, without delay after the Effective Day, prepare, jointly with the Splitting Limited Liability Company in Absorption-type Company Split, documents or Electromagnetic Records that state or record the rights and obligations that the Succeeding Stock Company in Absorption-type Company Split succeeded to by transfer from the Splitting Limited Liability Company in Absorption-type Company Split through the Absorption-type Company Split and any other matters prescribed by the applicable Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice as those concerning an Absorption-type Company Split.

• 受託者が前項第一号に定める義務の全部又は一部を履行した場合には、同項第二号に掲げる受益者は、当該履行された金額に同号の給付額の同項第一号の給付額に対する割合を乗じて得た金額の限度で同項第二号に定める義務を免れ、受益者が同号に定める義務の全部又は一部を履行した場合には、受託者は、当該履行された金額の限度で同項第一号に定める義務を免れる。
• Where the trustee has satisfied the whole or part of the liability specified in item (i) of the preceding paragraph, the beneficiary set forth in item (ii) of said paragraph shall be released from the liability specified in item (ii) of said paragraph up to the amount obtained by multiplying the amount of liability satisfied by the ratio of the distributed amount as set forth in item (ii) of said paragraph to the distributed amount set forth in item (i) of said paragraph, and where the beneficiary has satisfied the liability specified in item (ii) of said paragraph in whole or in part, the trustee shall be released from the liability specified in item (i) of said paragraph up to the amount of liability satisfied.
• Where the trustee has satisfied the liability specified in item (i) of the preceding paragraph in whole or in part, the beneficiary set forth in item (ii) of said paragraph shall be released from the liability specified in item (ii) of said paragraph up to the amount obtained by multiplying the amount of liability satisfied by the ratio of the distributed amount as set forth in item (ii) of said paragraph to the amount delivered as set forth in item (i) of said paragraph, and where the beneficiary has satisfied the liability specified in item (ii) of said paragraph in whole or in part, the trustee shall be released from the liability specified in item (i) of said paragraph up to the amount of liability satisfied.

• 前三条の規定にかかわらず、不法行為によって生ずる債権の成立及び効力は、不法行為の当時において当事者が法を同じくする地に常居所を有していたこと、当事者間の契約に基づく義務に違反して不法行為が行われたことその他の事情に照らして、明らかに前三条の規定により適用すべき法の属する地よりも密接な関係がある他の地があるときは、当該他の地の法による。
• Notwithstanding the preceding three Articles, the formation and effect of a claim arising from a tort shall be governed by the law of the place with which the tort is obviously more closely connected than the place indicated in the preceding three Articles, in light of that the parties had their habitual residence in the places governed by the same law at the time of the occurrence of the tort, that the tort was committed in breach of the obligation under a contract between the parties, or any other circumstances concerned.

• 居住の用に供する建物の賃借人が相続人なしに死亡した場合において、その当時婚姻又は縁組の届出をしていないが、建物の賃借人と事実上夫婦又は養親子と同様の関係にあった同居者があるときは、その同居者は、建物の賃借人の権利義務を承継する。ただし、相続人なしに死亡したことを知った後一月以内に建物の賃貸人に反対の意思を表示したときは、この限りでない。
• In cases where a lessee of buildings used as residences dies with no heir, and persons with a relationship to the building lessee similar to a de facto marital relationship or a foster parent and child relationship, although notice of marriage or adoption has not been submitted, live together with the building lessee, said persons shall succeed to the rights and duties of the building lessee. However, that this shall not apply when said persons express intentions contrary to those of the building lessor within one month of being made aware that the building lessee died without heirs.

• 電子債権記録機関であった者又は一般承継人（合併により消滅した電子債権記録機関の権利義務を承継した者であって、電子債権記録業を営まないものに限る。以下この章において同じ。）は、効力失効日以後、直ちに、次の各号に掲げる者に対し、それぞれ当該各号に定める事項（債務者口座を除く。）について、当該事項の全部を証明した書面を送付しなければならない。
• The person who was an Electronic Monetary Claims Recording Institution or a general successor (limited to the person who has succeeded to the rights and obligations of the Electronic Monetary Claims Recording Institution that ceases to exist after the merger, and does not perform Electronic Monetary Claims Recording Business. Hereinafter the same shall apply in this chapter.) shall, after the Validity Lapse Day, immediately send documents evidencing all the matters provided for in the following respective items (excluding Obligor's Account) to persons listed in the following respective items.

• 経済産業大臣は、第一項の規定により、特定資本取引を行うことについて、その全部若しくは一部を禁止し、又は許可を受ける義務を課した場合において、その禁止をし、又は許可を受ける義務を課する必要がなくなつたと認めるときは、その禁止をし、又は許可を受ける義務を課した者に対する通知により、速やかにその禁止又はその課した義務を解除しなければならない。
• Where the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), has prohibited a person from conducting, in whole or in part, the specified capital transactions or imposed on a person the obligation to obtain permission for conducting the specified capital transactions, he/she shall, when he/she finds that there is no longer a need to prohibit the transactions or impose the obligation, promptly cancel the prohibition or the obligation by a notice to a person who has been prohibited or obliged to obtain permission.

• 前条第一項に規定する場合において、投資法人が金銭の分配により投資主に対して交付した金銭の総額が当該金銭の分配がその効力を生じた日における貸借対照表上の純資産額から基準純資産額を控除して得た額を超えることにつき善意の投資主は、当該投資主が交付を受けた金銭について、同項の金銭を支払つた同項各号に掲げる者からの求償の請求に応ずる義務を負わない。
• In the case referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, Investors who are without knowledge of the fact that the total amount of monies delivered to them by the Investment Corporation through the distribution of monies exceeds the amount obtained by deducting the amount of the Net Assets Threshold from the amount of net assets stated in the balance sheet on the day such distribution of monies becomes effective shall, with regard to the monies received thereby, not be obliged to respond to a request for remedy that a person as listed in the items of that paragraph who paid the monies under that paragraph makes against such Investors.

• 開示請求者を電子記録義務者とする譲渡記録等がされている場合において、当該電子記録が、代理権を有しない者が当該開示請求者の代理人としてした請求又は当該開示請求者になりすました者の請求によってされたものであるときは、当該開示請求者から電子記録名義人に至るまでの一連の譲渡記録等において譲受人又は質権者として記録されている者の氏名又は名称及び住所
• The names and addresses of those who are recorded as an assignee or a pledgee in the train of Assignment Records, etc. from said Disclosure Requester to the Electronically Recorded Person, in cases where an Assignment Record, etc. has been made in which the Disclosure Requester is the Electronically Recorded Obligation Holder and said Electronic Record is made by the request of a person without the authority of representation of the Disclosure Requester or by the request of the one who falsely represented as the Disclosure Requester.

• 戦争状態の介在は、戦争状態の存在前に存在した債務及び契約（債券に関するものを含む。）並びに戦争状態の存在前に取得された権利から生ずる金銭債務で、日本国の政府若しくは国民が連合国の一国の政府若しくは国民に対して、又は連合国の一国の政府若しくは国民が日本国の政府若しくは国民に対して負つているものを支払う義務に影響を及ぼさなかつたものと認める。
• It is recognized that the intervention of the state of war has not affected the obligation to pay pecuniary debts arising out of obligations and contracts (including those in respect of bonds) which existed and rights which were acquired before the existence of a state of war, and which are due by the Government or nationals of Japan to the Government or nationals of one of the Allied Powers, or are due by the Government or nationals of one of the Allied Powers to the Government or nationals of Japan.

• 申請情報の内容である登記義務者（第六十五条、第七十七条、第八十九条第一項（同条第二項（第九十五条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）及び第九十五条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）、第九十三条（第九十五条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）又は第百十条前段の場合にあっては、登記名義人）の氏名若しくは名称又は住所が登記記録と合致しないとき。
• where the name or address of the person obliged to register (in the cases referred to in Article 65, Article 77, Article 89, paragraph (1) (including in the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 89, paragraph (2) (including in the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 95, paragraph (2)) and Article 95, paragraph (2)), Article 93 (including in the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 95, paragraph (2)) or the first sentence of Article 110, the registered right holder), which is stated in the application information, is inconsistent with the registration record;

• 登記官は、権利に関する登記に錯誤又は遺漏があることを発見したときは、遅滞なく、その旨を登記権利者及び登記義務者（登記権利者及び登記義務者がない場合にあっては、登記名義人。第三項及び第七十一条第一項において同じ。）に通知しなければならない。ただし、登記権利者、登記義務者又は登記名義人がそれぞれ二人以上あるときは、その一人に対し通知すれば足りる。
• A registrar, when he/she has found any error or omission regarding a registration of a right, shall give notice to the person entitled to register and person obliged to register (or the registered right holder if there is no person entitled to register and no person obliged to register; the same shall apply in paragraph (3) and Article 71, paragraph (1)) to that effect without delay; provided, however, that if there are two or more persons entitled to register, persons obliged to register or registered right holders, respectively, it shall be sufficient to give notice to any one of the respective persons.

• 保証証券業務（契約上の債務又は法令上の義務の履行を保証することを約し、その対価を受ける業務のうち、保険数理に基づき、当該対価を決定し、準備金を積み立て、再保険による危険の分散を行うことその他保険に固有の方法を用いて行うものをいう。）による当該保証は、前項第一号に掲げる保険の引受けとみなし、当該保証に係る対価は、同号の保険に係る保険料とみなす。
• The surety by the surety bond business (referring to, among the businesses to guarantee the performance of contractual obligations or legal and regulatory obligations, and receive the consideration, those carried out by setting the amount of consideration, establishing a reserve, and distributing the risks by reinsurance, based on actuarial science, or by using any other methods inherent to insurance) shall be deemed as the underwriting of the classes of insurance listed in item (i) of the preceding paragraph, and the consideration pertaining to the surety shall be deemed as the insurance premium pertaining to the classes of insurance set forth in that item.

• 義務付けの訴えの提起があつた場合において、その義務付けの訴えに係る処分又は裁決がされないことにより生ずる償うことのできない損害を避けるため緊急の必要があり、かつ、本案について理由があるとみえるときは、裁判所は、申立てにより、決定をもつて、仮に行政庁がその処分又は裁決をすべき旨を命ずること（以下この条において「仮の義務付け」という。）ができる。
• Where a mandamus action is filed, if there is an urgent necessity in order to avoid any damage that cannot be compensated, which would be caused due to an original administrative disposition or administrative disposition on appeal pertaining to the mandamus action not being made, and the action on the merits seems well-grounded, the court may, upon petition, make an order to the effect that an administrative agency should make the original administrative disposition or administrative disposition on appeal on a provisional basis (hereinafter referred to as a 'provisional order of mandamus' in this Article).

• それでも唐の文化の影響が強まった平安時代初期の延暦11年11月20日 (旧暦)（793年1月7日）、桓武天皇が漢音奨励の勅を出して学生には漢音の学習が義務づけられ（『日本紀略』）、続いて延暦17年2月14日 (旧暦)（798年3月6日）には学生に従来から日本に存在する南朝 (中国)系の呉音を禁じて漢音での発音が義務付けられた（『弘仁格抄』）。
• However, the increasing influence from the Chinese Tang culture of the early Heian period, Emperor Kammu issued a decree to encourage the Han pronunciations of the Chinese characters on January 11, 793, which in effect forced the students learn it ('Nihongiryaku' (Abstract of Japanese History)), and on March 10, 798, students were prohibited from learning Goon, the existing pronunciations from the Southern Dynasty in China were prohibited and were instructed to learn the Han pronunciations of the Chinese characters ('Koninkyakusho' (Regulations in Konin period)).

• 第三条第一号に掲げる方法によってされた受益者の定めのない信託においては、委託者（委託者が二人以上ある場合にあっては、そのすべての委託者）が第百四十五条第二項各号（第六号を除く。）に掲げる権利を有する旨及び受託者が同条第四項各号に掲げる義務を負う旨の定めが設けられたものとみなす。この場合においては、信託の変更によってこれを変更することはできない。
• In the case of a trust with no provisions on the beneficiary which was created by the method set forth in Article 3, item (i), it shall be deemed as having been provided that the settlor (if there are two or more settlors, all settlors) shall have the rights listed in the items of Article 145, paragraph (2) (excluding item (vi)) and that the trustee shall have the duties listed in the items of paragraph (4) of said Article. In this case, such provisions may not be changed by making a modification to the trust.

• 財務大臣又は経済産業大臣は、第一項の規定により、役務取引等を行うことについて、その全部若しくは一部を禁止し、又は許可を受ける義務を課した場合において、その禁止をし、又は許可を受ける義務を課する必要がなくなつたと認めるときは、その禁止をし、又は許可を受ける義務を課した者に対する通知により、速やかにその禁止又はその課した義務を解除しなければならない。
• Where the Minister of Finance or the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), has prohibited a person from conducting, in whole or in part, service transactions, etc. or imposed on a person the obligation to obtain permission for conducting the service transactions, etc., he/she shall, when he/she finds that there is no longer a need to prohibit or impose the obligation, promptly cancel the prohibition or the obligation by a notice to a person who has been prohibited or obliged to obtain permission.

• 信託財産に属する不動産についてする次の表の上欄に掲げる場合における権利の変更の登記（第九十八条第三項の登記を除く。）については、同表の中欄に掲げる者を登記権利者とし、同表の下欄に掲げる者を登記義務者とする。この場合において、受益者（信託管理人がある場合にあっては、信託管理人。以下この項において同じ。）については、第二十二条本文の規定は、適用しない。
• When making a registration of change of a right in relation to the real property that is included in the trust property in each of the cases listed in the left-hand column of the following table (excluding a registration set forth in Article 98, paragraph (3)), the person set forth in the middle column of said table shall be the person entitled to register, and the person set forth in the right-hand column of said table shall be the person obliged to register, respectively. In this case, the provision of the main clause of Article 22 shall not apply to the beneficiary (in cases where there is a trust administrator, the trust administrator; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph).

• 前項に定める場合のほか、経済産業大臣は、居住者による特定資本取引が何らの制限なしに行われた場合には、第二十一条第二項各号に掲げるいずれかの事態を生じ、この法律の目的を達成することが困難になると認めるときは、政令で定めるところにより、当該特定資本取引を行おうとする居住者に対し、当該特定資本取引を行うことについて、許可を受ける義務を課することができる。
• In addition to the cases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, when the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry finds that if the specified capital transactions by a resident are conducted without any restrictions, it will cause any of the situations listed in the items of Article 21, paragraph 2, which will make it difficult to achieve the purpose of this Act, he/she may impose, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, on a resident who intends to conduct the specified capital transactions, the obligation to obtain permission for the implementation of the specified capital transactions.

• 義務付けの訴えが第一項及び第三項に規定する要件に該当する場合において、その義務付けの訴えに係る処分につき、行政庁がその処分をすべきであることがその処分の根拠となる法令の規定から明らかであると認められ又は行政庁がその処分をしないことがその裁量権の範囲を超え若しくはその濫用となると認められるときは、裁判所は、行政庁がその処分をすべき旨を命ずる判決をする。
• Where a mandamus action satisfies the requirements prescribed in paragraph (1) and paragraph (3), if it is found that the provisions of the laws and regulations which give a basis for an original administrative disposition pertaining to a mandamus action clearly show that the administrative agency should make the original administrative disposition, or it is found that the administrative agency's inaction to make the original administrative disposition goes beyond the bounds of the agency's discretionary power or constitutes an abuse of such power, the court shall make a judgment to order that the administrative agency should make the original administrative disposition.

• タクシー事業者が運転代行業を兼業する例は古くから地方で数多く存在するが、タクシー事業の多角化に加えて、2004年の法改正によりタクシー同様第二種運転免許を取得した者でなければ代行運転に従事できなくなった（法律自体は2002年に施行されたが、二種免許義務化は2年間の猶予期間が設けられていた）ため、運転代行業に参入するタクシー事業者がさらに急増している。
• There have been many cases where taxi companies also offer replacement driver services since long ago in local regions; however, due to diversification of the taxi business as well as the law revision in 2004, in which only persons who have Class II driver license can carry out replacement driver services as taxi operations (the law itself became effective in 2002, but mandatory operation with Class II driver license was actually started two years later), taxi companies that have started offering replacement driver services have been increasing more and more.

• 特定目的会社が第一項の規定に違反して財産上の利益の供与をしたときは、当該利益の供与をすることに関与した取締役として内閣府令で定める者は、当該特定目的会社に対して、連帯して、供与した利益の価額に相当する額を支払う義務を負う。ただし、その者（当該利益の供与をした取締役を除く。）がその職務を行うについて注意を怠らなかったことを証明した場合は、この限りでない。
• When a Specific Purpose Company has given property benefits in violation of paragraph (1), any director who has participated in giving such benefits as specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance shall jointly and severally have an obligation to pay the amount equivalent to the value of given benefits; provided, however, that this shall not apply when such person (excluding the director who has given property benefits) has proved that he/she did not fail to exercise due diligence in performing his/her duties.

• 新設分割設立株式会社（一又は二以上の合同会社のみが新設分割をする場合における当該新設分割設立株式会社に限る。）は、その成立の日後遅滞なく、新設分割合同会社と共同して、新設分割により新設分割設立株式会社が承継した新設分割合同会社の権利義務その他の新設分割に関する事項として法務省令で定める事項を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• The Stock Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split (limited to the Stock Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split where only a Limited Liability Company(ies) effects the Incorporation-type Company Split) shall, without delay after the day of its formation, prepare, jointly with the Splitting Limited Liability Company in Incorporation-type Company Split, documents or Electromagnetic Records that state or record the rights and obligations that the Stock Company Incorporated through Incorporation-type Company Split succeeded to by transfer from the Splitting Limited Liability Company in Incorporation-type Company Split through the Incorporation-type Company Split and any other matters prescribed by the applicable Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice as those concerning an Incorporation-type Company Split.

• 地方勘定帳は翌年の10月までに提出を義務付けられ、特別な事情がある場合でも3年以内に勘定仕上げをして下勘定所に提出し、監査を経たのちに老中・若年寄・勘定吟味役・勘定奉行・勘定組頭らの前で代官が改めて収支報告をする地方総勘定が行われ、勘定吟味役・勘定奉行・勘定組頭の奥書と老中・勝手掛担当の若年寄による奥印、勝手方老中の綴目印と調印を行って代官に返却された。
• For the final settlement of accounts, local account books had to be submitted to the Shimo kanjosho (financial office) by October in the following year or within three years under special circumstances for auditing and general local accounting, where the balance of payments was reported by the local governor in front of higher officers such as roju, wakadoshiyori, kanjo ginmiyaku, kanjo bugyo, kanjo kumigashira, and the account books were returned to the local governor with postscripts by kanjo ginmiyaku, kanjo bugyo and kanjo kumigashira attached, certified seals were affixed by the roju and wakadoshiyori in charge of finance, and a stitching seal and a verification seal were affixed by the roju in charge of finance.

• 第百五十一条の二第一項各号に掲げる義務に係る金銭債権についての強制執行は、前各款の規定により行うほか、債権者の申立てがあるときは、執行裁判所が第百七十二条第一項に規定する方法により行う。ただし、債務者が、支払能力を欠くためにその金銭債権に係る債務を弁済することができないとき、又はその債務を弁済することによつてその生活が著しく窮迫するときは、この限りでない。
• Compulsory execution for a monetary claim pertaining to any of the duties listed in the items of Article 151-2(1) shall be carried out pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Subsections as well as, when a petition has been filed by the obligee, be carried out by the execution court by the method prescribed in Article 172(1); provided, however, that this shall not apply when the obligor is unable to perform the obligation pertaining to such monetary claim due to a lack of the ability to pay or when the obligor is to fall into extreme poverty through performance of the obligation.

• 吸収分割をする会社がその事業に関して有する権利義務の全部又は一部を当該会社から承継する会社（以下「吸収分割承継会社」という。）がする吸収分割による変更の登記又は新設分割による設立の登記においては、分割をした旨並びに吸収分割をする会社（以下「吸収分割会社」という。）又は新設分割をする会社（以下「新設分割会社」という。）の商号及び本店をも登記しなければならない。
• With regard to a registration of change due to an absorption-type company split to be made by a company which succeeds to all or part of the rights and obligations held by another company implementing an absorption-type company split in connection with its business (hereinafter referred to as a 'succeeding company in absorption-type company split'), or with regard to a registration of incorporation due to incorporation-type company split, the fact that the company split has taken place as well as the trade name and head office of a company effecting an absorption-type company split (hereinafter referred to as a 'splitting company in absorption-type company split[x8]') or of a company effecting an incorporation-type company split (hereinafter referred to as a 'splitting company in incorporation-type company split') shall also be registered.

• 第一項の義務付けの訴えを提起するときは、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じてそれぞれ当該各号に定める訴えをその義務付けの訴えに併合して提起しなければならない。この場合において、当該各号に定める訴えに係る訴訟の管轄について他の法律に特別の定めがあるときは、当該義務付けの訴えに係る訴訟の管轄は、第三十八条第一項において準用する第十二条の規定にかかわらず、その定めに従う。
• A mandamus action set forth in paragraph (1) shall be filed by joining with it each of the actions specified in the following items according to the categories of cases listed in the respective items. In this case, if there are special provisions in any other Act with regard to the jurisdiction over a suit pertaining to each of the actions specified in said items, such provisions shall govern the jurisdiction over the suit pertaining to the mandamus action, notwithstanding the provision of Article 12 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 38, paragraph (1):

• 投資法人が第一項の規定に違反して財産上の利益の供与をしたときは、当該利益の供与をすることに関与した執行役員又は監督役員として内閣府令で定める者は、当該投資法人に対して、連帯して、供与した利益の価額に相当する額を支払う義務を負う。ただし、その者（当該利益の供与をした執行役員を除く。）がその職務を行うについて注意を怠らなかつたことを証明した場合は、この限りでない。
• When an Investment Corporation has given property benefits in violation of paragraph (1), any corporate officer(s) or supervisory officers who have participated in giving the benefits as provided by a Cabinet Office Ordinance shall jointly and severally have an obligation to pay the amount equivalent to the given benefits; provided, however, that, this shall not apply to cases where the relevant person (excluding a corporate officer who has given such benefits) has proved that he/she did not fail to exercise due care in the course of his/her duties.

• 施行日前に次の表の第一欄に掲げる法律の同表の第二欄に掲げる規定により会社に対して同表の第三欄に掲げる者がした同表の第四欄に掲げる許可、認可又は免許は、それぞれ、同表の第二欄に掲げる規定により、附則第七条の定めるところにより当該許可、認可又は免許に係る権利及び義務を承継した承継会社に対して同表の第三欄に掲げる者がした同表の第五欄に掲げる許可、認可又は免許とみなす。
• Each of permission, authorization or license for the Company listed in the fourth column granted by the person listed in the third column pursuant to the provisions listed in the second column of the Act listed in the first column of the following table shall be regarded as permission, authorization or license listed in the fifth column in said table for the Succeeding Companies which succeeded to the rights and obligations pertaining to said permission, authorization or license granted by the person listed in the third column pursuant to the provisions listed in the second column under the provisions of Article 7 of the Supplementary Provisions.

• 当該申請に係る申請情報（委任による代理人によって申請する場合にあっては、その権限を証する情報）を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録について、公証人（公証人法（明治四十一年法律第五十三号）第八条の規定により公証人の職務を行う法務事務官を含む。）から当該申請人が第一項の登記義務者であることを確認するために必要な認証がされ、かつ、登記官がその内容を相当と認めるとき。
• when a notary (including an official of the Ministry of Justice engaged in the duties of a notary pursuant to the provision of Article 8 of the Notary Act (Act No. 53 of 1908)) has, with regard to a document or electromagnetic record in which the application information pertaining to the application (in the case of an application filed by a privately appointed agent, the information certifying the agent's authority) is stated or recorded, issued a necessary certification for confirming that the applicant is the person obliged to register set forth in paragraph (1), and the registrar finds the content of such certification to be appropriate.

• 傍系親族間又は姻族間の扶養義務は、扶養義務者が、当事者の共通本国法によれば扶養権利者に対して扶養をする義務を負わないことを理由として異議を述べたときは、前条の規定にかかわらず、その法によつて定める。当事者の共通本国法がない場合において、扶養義務者が、その者の常居所地法によれば扶養権利者に対して扶養をする義務を負わないことを理由として異議を述べたときも、同様とする。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, a support obligation between collateral relatives or between relatives by marriage shall be governed by the law of their common nationality if the support obligor objects on the grounds that he/she does not owe a support obligation to the support obligee under said law of common nationality. The same shall apply where the parties do not have a law of common nationality and the support obligor objects on the grounds that he/she does not owe a support obligation to the support obligee under the law of the support obligor's habitual residence.

• その営業秘密について不正開示行為（前号に規定する場合において同号に規定する目的でその営業秘密を開示する行為又は秘密を守る法律上の義務に違反してその営業秘密を開示する行為をいう。以下同じ。）であること若しくはその営業秘密について不正開示行為が介在したことを知って、若しくは重大な過失により知らないで営業秘密を取得し、又はその取得した営業秘密を使用し、若しくは開示する行為
• acquisition of a trade secret with the knowledge, or without the knowledge due to gross negligence, that the trade secret is being disclosed through improper disclosure (which means, in the case prescribed in the preceding item, disclosure of the trade secret for one of the purposes prescribed therein, or disclosure of the trade secret in breach of a legal duty to maintain secrecy; the same shall apply hereinafter) or that improper disclosure was involved with regard to such trade secret, or use or disclosure of a trade secret so acquired;

• 前二項の規定にかかわらず、当該保障契約が一般船舶所有者等の損害をてん補し、又は賠償の義務の履行及び費用の支払を担保するために必要な資力及び信用を有する保険者等として国土交通大臣の指定するものと締結したものであるときは、当該保障契約の契約書の写しその他国土交通省令で定める保障契約の締結を証する書面をもつて前二項に規定する保障契約証明書に相当する書面に代えることができる。
• Notwithstanding the preceding two paragraphs, if the said Contract on Insurance or Other Financial Security is concluded with a party designated by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism as an Insurer that has the financial resource and credit required to cover the damage of Owner of General Ship or secure the performance of the obligation for damages and the payment of the cost, the document of equivalent to Certificate of Contract on Insurance or Other Financial Security prescribed in the preceding two paragraphs may be substituted with a copy of the said Contract on Insurance or Other Financial Security or other document proving the conclusion of Contract on Insurance or Other Financial Security prescribed by an ordinance of the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

• 施行日前に次の表の第一欄に掲げる法律の同表の第二欄に掲げる規定によ り会社に対して同表の第三欄に掲げる者がした同表の第四欄に掲げる許可、認可又は免許は、それぞれ、同表の第二欄に掲げる規定により、附則第七条の定める ところにより当該許可、認可又は免許に係る権利及び義務を承継した承継会社に対して同表の第三欄に掲げる者がした同表の第五欄に掲げる許可、認可又は免許 とみなす。
• Each of permission, authorization or license for the Company listed in the fourth column granted by the person listed in the third column pursuant to the provisions listed in the second column of the Act listed in the first column of the following table shall be regarded as permission, authorization or license listed in the fifth column in said table for the Succeeding Companies which succeeded to the rights and obligations pertaining to said permission, authorization or license granted by the person listed in the third column pursuant to the provisions listed in the second column under the provisions of Article 7 of the Supplementary Provisions.

• 外国法人は、第百三十八条（国内源泉所得）に規定する国内源泉所得を有するとき（外国法人である公益法人等又は人格のない社団等にあつては、当該国内源泉所得で収益事業から生ずるものを有するときに限る。）、法人課税信託の引受けを行うとき又は第百四十五条の三（外国法人に係る退職年金等積立金の額の計算）に規定する退職年金業務等を行うときは、この法律により、法人税を納める義務がある。
• A foreign corporation shall be liable to pay corporation tax pursuant to this Act when it has domestic source income prescribed in Article 138 (Domestic Source Income) (limited to the domestic source income from a profit-making business in the case of a corporation in the public interest, etc. or association or foundation without juridical personality, which is a foreign corporation), when it accepts the position of trustee of a trust subject to corporation taxation or when it performs retirement pension services, etc. prescribed in Article 145-3 (Calculation of the Amount of Retirement Pension Fund in the case of Foreign Corporations).

• 財務大臣は、法第二十二条第一項の規定に基づき、法第二十一条第一項の規定により許可を受ける義務が課された資本取引を当該許可を受けないで行つた者に対し、資本取引を行うことについて、その全部若しくは一部を禁止し、又は許可を受ける義務を課する場合には、あらかじめ、その者に対する通知により、その禁止をする資本取引又はその許可を受けなければならない資本取引を指定してするものとする。
• Where the Minister of Finance, pursuant to Article 22, paragraph (1) of the Act, prohibits a person who has conducted capital transactions, for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provision for Article 21, paragraph (1) of the Act, without obtaining the permission from conducting, in whole or in part, capital transactions or imposes on such a person the obligation to obtain permission for conducting capital transactions, he/she shall do so designating, in advance, by a notice to the person, the capital transactions that are prohibited or that require permission.

• 大統領が免職、死亡、辞任し、又はその権限及び義務を遂行する能力を失った場合は、その職務権限は副大統領に帰属する。連邦議会は、大統領及び副大統領が共に、免職、死亡、辞任し又は能力を喪失した場合について法律で規定し、その場合に大統領の職務を行うべき公務員を定めることができる。この公務員は、これにより、上記のような障害が除去されるか、又は大統領が選任されるまで、その職務を行う。
• In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.

• 機構は、中小企業総合事業団法及び機械類信用保険法の廃止等に関する法 律附則第四条第一項の規定により産業基盤整備基金の権利及び義務を承継したときは、その承継の際現に財政融資資金預託金として預託しているものについて は、通則法第四十七条の規定にかかわらず、当該財政融資資金預託金の契約上の預託期間が満了するまでの間は、引き続き業務上の余裕金として財政融資資金に 預託することができる。
• When NEDO has succeeded to the rights and obligations of the Industrial Infrastructure Development Fund pursuant to the provisions of Article 4, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act to Repeal the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Corporation Act and the Machinery Credit Insurance Act, it may keep on deposit the amount of money that had already been deposited with the Fiscal Loan Fund as of the time of the succession, as surplus funds for its functions involving the Fiscal Loan Fund, up until the expiration of the contractual deposit period for said deposits with the Fiscal Loan Fund, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 47 of the Act on General Rules.

• 特定資本取引について第一項及び前項の規定により許可を受ける義務が課された場合には、当該特定資本取引を行おうとする者は、政令で定めるところにより、これらの規定による許可の申請を併せて行うことができる。この場合において、経済産業大臣は、当該申請に係る特定資本取引について許可を受ける義務を課することとなつた事態のいずれをも生じさせないかを併せ考慮して、許可をするかどうかを判断するものとする。
• Where the obligation to obtain permission has been imposed pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 and the preceding paragraph in regard to specified capital transactions, a person who intends to conduct the specified capital transactions may, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, also apply for permission pursuant to the provision of these paragraphs. In this case, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry shall decide whether to grant permission by taking into consideration whether or not the specified capital transactions pertaining to the application will cause any of the situations which have served as grounds for imposing the obligation to obtain permission.

• 経済産業大臣は、法第二十四条の二の規定に基づき、法第二十四条第一項の規定により許可を受ける義務が課された特定資本取引を当該許可を受けないで行つた者に対し、特定資本取引を行うことについて、その全部若しくは一部を禁止し、又は許可を受ける義務を課する場合には、あらかじめ、その者に対する通知により、その禁止をする特定資本取引又はその許可を受けなければならない特定資本取引を指定してするものとする。
• Where the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, pursuant to Article 24-2 of the Act, prohibits a person who has conducted the specified capital transactions, for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provision of Article 24, paragraph (1) of the Act, without obtaining the permission from conducting, in whole or in part, the specified capital transactions, or imposes on such a person the obligation to obtain permission for conducting the specified capital transactions, he/she shall do so after designating, in advance, by a notice to that person, the specified capital transactions that are prohibited or that require permission.

• 第二項に規定する資本取引について第一項及び第二項の規定により許可を受ける義務が課された場合には、当該資本取引を行おうとする者は、政令で定めるところにより、これらの規定による許可の申請を併せて行うことができる。この場合において、財務大臣は、当該申請に係る資本取引について許可を受ける義務を課することとなつた事態のいずれをも生じさせないかを併せ考慮して、許可をするかどうかを判断するものとする。
• Where the obligation to obtain permission has been imposed, pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, for capital transactions prescribed in paragraph 2, a person who intends to conduct the capital transactions may apply, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, for permission pursuant to these provisions at the same time. In this case, the Minister of Finance shall decide whether to grant permission by taking into consideration whether or not any of the situations which have served as grounds for imposing the obligation to obtain permission for capital transactions pertaining to the application will arise.

• 捕虜収容所長は、捕虜収容所の適正な管理運営を図り、被収容者（抑留令書により捕虜収容所に収容されている捕虜、衛生要員、宗教要員、区別義務違反者、間諜及び傭兵並びに仮収容令書により捕虜収容所に収容されている者（以下「仮収容者」という。）をいう。以下同じ。）の人権を尊重しつつ、被収容者の抑留資格、階級等、性別及び年齢、その属する国における風俗慣習及び生活様式等に応じた適切な処遇を行うものとする。
• The prisoner of war camp commander shall appropriately manage and administrate operations of the prisoner of war camp, and with respecting human right, conduct appropriate treatment of the detainees (i.e. prisoners of war, medical personnel, chaplains, violators of distinct duties, spies and mercenaries who are detained in the prisoners of war camp pursuant to a written internment order and those who are detained in the prisoners of war camp pursuant to a written provisional detention order (hereinafter referred to as "provisional detainee". The same shall apply hereinafter) in accordance with internment status, ranks, etc., sex and age of the detainees, and manners, customs and the way of their life in the countries to which they belong.

• 更に北清事変の際に結ばれた北京議定書に基づいて1903年10月8日に上海市において、全13条からなる日清（両国間）追加通商航海条約（にっしん（りょうこくかん）ついかこうかいじょうやく）が締結され、日本人と清国人の共同経営事業（第4条）、日本人の商標・著作権保護（第5条）、清国の貨幣制度・度量衡統一義務（第6・7条）・日本の清国司法改革支援と達成後の治外法権撤廃義務（第11条）が定められた。
• In addition, on the basis of the Boxer Protocol, which had been concluded after the Boxer Rebellion (the Boxer Uprising), the Sino-Japanese Additional Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, which consisted of 13 articles, was concluded in Shanghai City on October 8, 1903, and the principal articles are as follows; the Article 4: To start commercial partnership between Japanese and Chinese, the Article 5: the protection of Japanese trademark and copyright, the Article 6 and 7: The obligation to fix the standard of weights and measures, the Article 11: To support Chinese judicial reform by Japanese and the obligation to abolish extraterritoriality after the reform is completed.

• 施行日において新令第十一条第一項、第十五条第一項又は第十八条第三項の規定に基づく告示により指定した資本取引等のうち、国際平和のための国際的な努力に我が国として寄与することを妨げることとなる事態を生じ、新法の目的を達成することが困難になると認めて新法第二十一条第一項、第二十四条第一項又は第二十五条第四項の規定により許可を受ける義務を課した資本取引等であることを当該告示において特定した資本取引等
• Among capital transactions, etc. designated by a public notice based on the provisions of Article 11, paragraph (1), Article 15, paragraph (1), or Article 18, paragraph (3) of the New Order as on the date of enforcement, capital transactions, etc. which were specified by the public notice as one for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provision of Article 21, paragraph (1), Article 24, paragraph (1), or Article 25, paragraph (4) of the New Act, deeming that they might cause a situation that hinders Japan's contribution to international efforts for achieving international peace and makes it difficult to attain the purpose of the New Act

• 一般委託者が認定商品取引員に対して有する債権（当該一般委託者の委託者資産に係るものに限る。）であつて委託者保護基金が法第三百六条第一項の政令で定めるところにより当該認定商品取引員による円滑な弁済が困難であると認めるものは、当該認定商品取引員の財産の状況及び法第二百十条の規定による保全義務の履行の状況に照らして完全な弁済ができないと認められる債権又は弁済に著しく日数を要すると認められる債権とする。
• Claims which a General Customer has on a Recognized Futures Commission Merchant (limited to those pertaining to Customer Assets of said General Customer) and whose smooth repayment by said Recognized Futures Commission Merchant is found difficult by the Consumer Protection Fund pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Order as set forth in Article 306, paragraph (1) of the Act shall be claims whose complete repayment is found impossible or requires a considerable number of days in light of the status of the property of said Recognized Futures Commission Merchant and the status of performance of the duty to preserve under Article 210 of the Act.

• 財務大臣又は経済産業大臣は、法第二十五条の二第四項の規定に基づき、法第二十五条第四項の規定により許可を受ける義務が課された役務取引等を当該許可を受けないで行つた者に対し、役務取引等を行うことについて、その全部若しくは一部を禁止し、又は許可を受ける義務を課する場合には、あらかじめ、その者に対する通知により、その禁止をする役務取引等又はその許可を受けなければならない役務取引等を指定してするものとする。
• Where the Minister of Finance or the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, pursuant to Article 25-2, paragraph (4) of the Act, prohibits a person who has conducted service transactions, etc., for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provision of Article 25, paragraph (4) of the Act, without obtaining the permission, from conducting, in whole or in part, service transactions, etc. or imposes on such a person the obligation to obtain permission for conducting service transactions, etc., he/she shall do so designating, in advance, by a notice to that person, the service transactions, etc. that are prohibited or that require permission.

• 接受締約者は、イーター建設地に対する支援に関する附属書に規定する条件に基づき、イーター機構に対し、イーター事業の実施のために必要なイーター建設地に対する支援であって当該附属書にその概要が示されるものを提供し、又はこれが提供されることを確保する。接受締約者は、この目的のために自己に代わって行動する機関を指定することができる。当該指定は、この条の規定に基づく接受締約者の義務に影響を及ぼすものではない。
• The Host Party shall make available or cause to be made available to the ITER Organization the site support required for the implementation of the ITER Project as summarized and under the terms outlined in the Annex on Site Support. The Host Party may designate an entity to act on its behalf for this purpose. Such designation shall not affect the obligations of the Host Party under this Article.

• 前項に定める場合のほか、財務大臣は、居住者又は非居住者による同項に規定する資本取引（特別国際金融取引勘定で経理されるものを除く。）が何らの制限なしに行われた場合には、次に掲げるいずれかの事態を生じ、この法律の目的を達成することが困難になると認めるときは、政令で定めるところにより、当該資本取引を行おうとする居住者又は非居住者に対し、当該資本取引を行うことについて、許可を受ける義務を課することができる。
• In addition to the cases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, when the Minister of Finance finds that if capital transactions prescribed in the said paragraph (excluding those whose accounting is settled in the Special International Financial Transactions Account) by a resident or a non-resident are conducted without any restrictions, any of the following situations will arise, which will make it difficult to achieve the purpose of this Act, he/she may impose, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, on a resident or non-resident who intends to commit the capital transactions, the obligation to obtain permission for implementation of the capital transactions.

• 入国者収容所長又は主任審査官は、前項の請求により又は職権で、法務省令で定めるところにより、収容令書又は退去強制令書の発付を受けて収容されている者の情状及び仮放免の請求の理由となる証拠並びにその者の性格、資産等を考慮して、三百万円を超えない範囲内で法務省令で定める額の保証金を納付させ、かつ、住居及び行動範囲の制限、呼出しに対する出頭の義務その他必要と認める条件を付して、その者を仮放免することができる。
• The director of the immigration detention center or supervising immigration inspector may accord provisional release to a foreign national detained pursuant to a written detention order or deportation order upon the application set forth in the preceding paragraph or ex officio, taking into consideration such matters as the circumstances, evidence produced in support of the application, and the character and assets of the foreign national pursuant to the provisions of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, upon the foreign national paying a deposit not exceeding 3 million yen as provided by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, and with such conditions as may be deemed necessary, such as restrictions on the place of residence and area of movement and the obligation to appear upon receiving a summons.

• 第四項の規定にかかわらず、裁判所は、審理の状況その他の事情を考慮して、第三項各号に定める訴えについてのみ終局判決をすることがより迅速な争訟の解決に資すると認めるときは、当該訴えについてのみ終局判決をすることができる。この場合において、裁判所は、当該訴えについてのみ終局判決をしたときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、当該訴えに係る訴訟手続が完結するまでの間、義務付けの訴えに係る訴訟手続を中止することができる。
• Notwithstanding the provision of paragraph (4), when the court finds, in consideration of the developments in proceedings and other circumstances, that it will contribute to more expeditious settlement of the dispute to make a final judgment only with regard to the action specified in each item of paragraph (3), the court may make a final judgment only with regard to said action. In this case, when the court has made a final judgment only with regard to said action, it may, until court proceedings for said action are completed, suspend court proceedings for a mandamus action, hearing opinions from the parties.

• こ の法律は、高度情報通信社会の進展に伴い個人情報の利用が著しく拡大していることにかんがみ、個人情報の適正な取扱いに関し、基本理念及び政府による基本 方針の作成その他の個人情報の保護に関する施策の基本となる事項を定め、国及び地方公共団体の責務等を明らかにするとともに、個人情報を取り扱う事業者の 遵守すべき義務等を定めることにより、個人情報の有用性に配慮しつつ、個人の権利利益を保護することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is to protect the rights and interests of individuals while taking consideration of the usefulness of personal information, in view of a remarkable increase in the utilization of personal information due to development of the advanced information and communications society, by clarifying the responsibilities of the State and local governments, etc. with laying down basic principle, establishment of a basic policy by the Government and the matters to serve as a basis for other measures on the protection of personal information, and by prescribing the duties to be observed by entities handling personal information, etc., regarding the proper handling of personal information.

• 令第二百九十七条第一項（退職所得の選択課税による還付）に規定する財務省令で定める事項は、その年中に支払を受ける法第百七十一条（退職所得についての選択課税）に規定する退職手当等で法第二百十二条第一項（源泉徴収義務）の規定により所得税を徴収されたものの支払者ごとの内訳、その支払の日及び場所、その徴収された所得税の額並びにその支払者の氏名又は名称及び住所若しくは居所又は本店若しくは主たる事務所の所在地とする。
• Matters specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Finance prescribed in Article 297, paragraph (1) (Refund Due to Taxation on Retirement Income at the Taxpayer's Election) of the Order shall be the breakdown by defrayer of the amount of retirement allowance, etc. prescribed in Article 171 (Taxation on Retirement Income at the Taxpayer's Election) of the Act to be received within the year, for which income tax has been collected pursuant to the provisions of Article 212, paragraph (1) (Withholding Liability) of the Act, the day and place of the payment, the amount of the collected income tax, the name of defrayers, and their domicile or residence or the location of the head office or principal office.

• 金融商品取引業者は、その所属する基金を脱退した場合（第一項の規定により脱退した場合を除く。）においても、当該基金を脱退するまでに当該基金が受けた第七十九条の五十三第一項又は第三項から第五項までの規定による通知に係る金融商品取引業者のために当該基金が行う業務に要する費用のうち、脱退した金融商品取引業者の負担すべき費用の額として業務規程の定めるところにより当該基金が算定した額を負担金として納付する義務を負う。
• Even when a Financial Instruments Business Operator has withdrawn from a Fund to which it has belonged (excluding the case of withdrawal under the provisions of paragraph (1)), it shall have the obligation to pay as a Burden Charge an amount calculated by said Fund pursuant to the provisions of the operational rules as an amount of the costs that should be borne by said withdrawn Financial Instruments Business Operator out of the amount of the costs required for the business conducted by said Fund for the Financial Instruments Business Operator pertaining to a notice under the provision of Article 79-53(1) or (3) to (5), which said Fund has received before said Financial Instruments Business Operator withdrew from said Fund.

• 日本国は、千九百三十年一月二十日のドイツと債権国との間の協定及び千九百三十年五月十七日の信託協定を含むその附属書並びに千九百三十年一月二十日の国際決済銀行に関する条約及び国際決済銀行の定款に基いて得たすべての権利、権原及び利益を放棄し、且つ、それらから生ずるすべての義務を免かれる。日本国は、この条約の最初の効力発生の後六箇月以内に、この項に掲げる権利、権原及び利益の放棄をパリの外務省に通告するものとする。
• Japan renounces all rights, title and interests acquired under, and is discharged from all obligations resulting from, the Agreement between Germany and the Creditor Powers of January 20, 1930, and its Annexes, including the Trust Agreement, dated May 17, 1930, the Convention of January 20, 1930, respecting the Bank for International Settlements; and the Statutes of the Bank for International Settlements. Japan will notify to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Paris within six months of the first coming into force of the present Treaty its renunciation of the rights, title and interests referred to in this paragraph.

• 特定目的会社は、資産流動化計画に従い信託の受益権を譲り受けようとする場合において、当該信託に係る契約書に、当該信託の受託者が当該信託に係る信託財産の管理及び処分に関する重要な事項（当該特定目的会社が当該資産流動化計画に従い発行する資産対応証券に係る有価証券届出書等に記載すべき事項を含むものに限る。）につき知った事実を遅滞なく受益者に通知する義務を有する旨の記載がないときは、当該受益権を譲り受けてはならない。
• In cases where a Specific Purpose Company intends to receive the transfer of beneficial interest in trust in accordance with the Asset Securitization Plan, if the contractual document pertaining to the trust lacks a statement to the effect that the trustee of said trust bears the obligation to notify the beneficiary without delay of any facts that the trustee has come to know with regard to important matters related to the administration and disposition of trust property pertaining to said trust (limited to matters which include matters to be stated in the Securities Registration Statements, etc. related to the Asset-Backed Securities that the Specific Purpose Company issues in accordance with the Asset Securitization Plan), the Specific Purpose Company shall not receive the transfer of beneficial interest.

• 国税庁、国税局又は税務署の当該職員は、特定振替国債等の譲渡対価の支払調書又は特定振替国債等の償還金等の支払調書の提出に関する調査について必要があるときは、当該特定振替国債等の譲渡対価の支払調書又は特定振替国債等の償還金等の支払調書を提出する義務がある者に質問し、又はその者の特定振替国債等の譲渡の対価の支払又は特定振替国債等の償還金若しくは利息の支払の取扱いに関する帳簿書類その他の物件を検査することができる。
• The relevant official of the National Tax Agency, the Regional Taxation Bureau, or the Tax Office may, when it is necessary in the examination concerning the submission of a report of payment of a consideration for the transfer of specified book-entry transfer national government bonds, etc. or a report of payment of redemption money, etc. of specified book-entry transfer national government bonds, etc., ask questions of the person who is obliged to submit the said report of payment of a consideration for the transfer of specified book-entry transfer national government bonds, etc. or a report of payment of redemption money, etc. of specified book-entry transfer national government bonds, etc., or inspect the person's books, documents and any other materials concerning the handling of payment of a consideration for the transfer of specified book-entry transfer national government bonds, etc. or payment of redemption money or interest on specified book-entry transfer national government bonds, etc.

• 市町村は、第百三十四条第一項の規定による通知が行われた場合において、前条第一項並びに第五項及び第六項（同条第一項に係る部分に限る。）の規定により特別徴収の方法によって保険料を徴収しようとするときは、特別徴収対象被保険者に係る保険料を特別徴収の方法によって徴収する旨、当該特別徴収対象被保険者に係る支払回数割保険料額その他厚生労働省令で定める事項を、特別徴収義務者及び特別徴収対象被保険者に通知しなければならない。
• In a case when notification is issued pursuant to the provisions of Article 134, paragraph (1), a Municipality, when it intends to collect an insurance premium by the method of special collection pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), paragraph (5), and paragraph (6) of the preceding Article (limited to the part pertaining to paragraph (1) of the same Article), shall notify the fact of collection of an insurance premium pertaining to an Insured Person Subject to Special Collection, the insurance premium amount divided by the number of payments pertaining to said Insured Person Subject to Special Collection, and other matters as determined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare to said Person Under Obligation of Special Collection or to said Insured Person Subject to Special Collection.

• 第百二十四条第一項第三号に掲げる場合において、投資法人が投資口の払戻しをしたときは、当該払戻しにより金銭の交付を受けた者及び当該払戻しに関する職務を行つた業務執行者（執行役員その他当該執行役員の行う業務の執行に職務上関与した者として内閣府令で定めるものをいう。以下この条及び次条第一項において同じ。）は、当該投資法人に対し、連帯して、当該金銭の交付を受けた者が交付を受けた金銭の額に相当する金銭を支払う義務を負う。
• When an Investment Corporation has refunded Investment Equity in the case referred to in Article 124, paragraph (1), item (iii), the person who has received monies in said refund or the Executing Person (meaning a corporate officer and other persons specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as having been involved in the execution of the operations conducted by the corporate officer in the performance of their duties; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article and paragraph (1) of the following Article) who carried out the duties related to said refund shall be jointly and severally liable to pay said Investment Corporation the amount of monies equivalent to the amount received by the person who has received the refund.

• 財務大臣又は経済産業大臣は、法第十六条第一項から第三項までの規定に基づき居住者若しくは非居住者による本邦から外国へ向けた支払又は居住者による非居住者との間の支払等（支払又は支払の受領をいう。以下同じ。）について許可を受ける義務を課する場合には、あらかじめ、告示により、これらの規定のうちいずれの規定に基づき許可を受ける義務を課するかを明らかにした上で、その許可を受けなければならない支払等を指定してするものとする。
• Where the Minister of Finance or the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry imposes, pursuant to Article 16, paragraphs (1) to (3) inclusive of the Act, the obligation to obtain permission for payment from Japan to a foreign state by a resident or a non-resident or for payment, etc. (meaning payment or receipt of payment; the same shall apply hereinafter) by a resident to a non-resident, he/she shall do so designating payment, etc. that require permission, after clarifying, in advance, by a public notice, the provision, among these provisions, based on which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed.

• 第四十一条第一項第二号から第五号までに掲げる者若しくは当該各号に掲げる者であった者（以下この項において「報告義務者」という。）の代表者、代理人、使用人その他の従業者（第四項において「代表者等」という。）が、その報告義務者の業務に関し、同条第一項又は同条第二項において準用する同条第一項（これらの規定を第五十五条第一項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による報告を拒み、又は虚偽の報告をしたときも、前項と同様とする。
• The provision of the preceding paragraph shall also apply where a representative person, agent, employee or other worker (referred to as a 'representative person, etc.' in paragraph (4)) of a person set forth in Article 41, paragraph (1), item (ii) to item (v) or person who was in the past a person set forth in each of these items (these persons shall hereinafter be referred to as a 'person under a duty to report' in this paragraph) has refused to report as required under the provisions of paragraph (1) of said Article as applied directly or mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) of said Article (including cases where these provisions are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 55, paragraph (1)), or has made a false report, in connection with the business of the person under a duty to report,.

• 前三項の規定により許可を受ける義務を課することができることとされる支払等についてこれらの規定の二以上の規定により許可を受ける義務が課された場合には、当該支払等をしようとする者は、政令で定めるところにより、当該二以上の規定による許可の申請を併せて行うことができる。この場合において、主務大臣は、当該申請に係る支払等について許可を受ける義務を課することとなつた事情を併せ考慮して、許可をするかどうかを判断するものとする。
• Where the obligation to obtain permission has been imposed in regard to payment, etc. for which the obligation to obtain permission may be imposed pursuant to the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs, pursuant to two or more of these paragraphs, a person who intends to make payment, etc. may also, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, apply for permission pursuant to the said two or more paragraphs. In this case, the competent minister shall decide whether to give permission by taking into consideration the circumstances that have led to imposing the obligation to obtain permission for the payment, etc. pertaining to the application.

• 貢献は、この規則の第Ⅲ.3条に従ってユーロで定義される。事務局長は、各事業年度の年初において、その拠出金額を加盟者に通知する。加盟者の貢献への義務は、ユーロで示される。事務局長と関連する加盟者の合意により、イーター機構の利便により正当化できる場合は、貢献のある部分は貢献時に適用される交換レートで同等の金額を加盟者の通貨によりなされる。加盟者は、それぞれの拠出金額を、第Ⅲ.19条に規定された実施方法に従って支払う。
• The contributions shall be defined in Euros in accordance with Article III.3 of these Regulations. The Director-General shall, at the beginning of each financial year, notify the Members of the amount of their contributions. The Members’ obligations to contribute shall be in Euros. By agreement between the Director-General and the Party concerned and where justified in the interests of the ITER Organization, some part of the contribution may be made in the currency of the Member of equal value according to the currency exchange rates applying at the time of the contribution. Members shall make their contribution in accordance with and following the schedule to be set out in the Implementing Measures provided for in Article III.19.

• 当該各事業年度を基準事業年度（剰余金の配当等の支払に係る基準日の属する事業年度をいう。以下この号及び次項において同じ。）とする剰余金の配当等の額（当該各事業年度終了の日の翌日から二月を経過する日の属する年の十二月三十一日までに支払義務が確定したものに限る。以下この号において同じ。）の合計額（当該各事業年度を基準事業年度とする剰余金の配当等の額の全部又は一部が次に掲げる者に支払われた場合には、当該合計額は零とする。）
• The sum of the amount of a dividend of surplus, etc. by deeming the relevant business year to be the base business year (meaning the business year including the base day for paying a dividend of surplus, etc.; hereinafter the same shall apply in this item and the following paragraph) (such amount of a dividend of surplus, etc. shall be limited to that for which the payment obligation was fixed by December 31 of the year including the day on which two months have elapsed after the day following the final day of the relevant business year; hereinafter the same shall apply in this item) (where the whole or a part of the amount of a dividend of surplus, etc. by deeming the relevant business year to be the base business year has been paid to a person listed as follows, said sum shall be deemed to be zero):

• 財務大臣又は経済産業大臣は、法第十六条の二の規定に基づき、法第十六条第一項の規定により許可を受ける義務が課された支払等を当該許可を受けないで行つた者に対し、本邦から外国へ向けた支払及び居住者と非居住者との間でする支払等について、その全部若しくは一部を禁止し、又は許可を受ける義務を課する場合には、あらかじめ、その者に対する通知により、その禁止をする支払等又はその許可を受けなければならない支払等を指定してするものとする。
• Where the Minister of Finance or the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, pursuant to the provision of Article 16-2 of the Act, prohibits a person who has made payment, etc., for which the obligation to obtain permission is imposed pursuant to the provision of Article 16, paragraph (1) of the Act, without obtaining the permission from making, in whole or in part, payment from Japan to a foreign state and payment, etc. between a resident and a non-resident, or imposes on such a person the obligation to obtain permission, he/she shall do so designating, in advance, by a notice to that person, payment, etc. that are prohibited or that require permission.

• 財務大臣は、第二十三条第一項の規定により届け出なければならないとされる同項に規定する対外直接投資を行うことについて第一項又は第二項の規定により許可を受ける義務を課したときは、当該許可の申請に係る対外直接投資については、当該許可を受ける義務を課することとなつた第一項に規定する事態又は第二項各号に掲げる事態のほか、同条第四項各号に掲げる事態のいずれをも生じさせないかを併せ考慮して、許可をするかどうかを判断するものとする。
• When the Minister of Finance has imposed, pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 or 2, the obligation to obtain permission for outward direct investment prescribed in Article 23, paragraph 1, which shall be notified pursuant to the provision of the said paragraph, he/she shall decide whether to grant permission for outward direct investment pertaining to the application for permission by taking into consideration whether or not any of the situations listed in the items of paragraph 4 of the said article in addition to the situations prescribed in paragraph 1, which have served as grounds for imposing the obligation to obtain permission, or the situations listed in the items of paragraph 2.

• 株式等保有会社が分割により承継会社（新設分割により設立する株式会社等又は吸収分割により営業を承継する株式会社等であって、特定中小企業等及び株式等保有会社以外のものをいう。以下この号において同じ。）に営業を承継させる場合において、当該承継会社が当該株式等保有会社の株主に対して当該分割に際して割り当てる株式若しくは持分又は当該承継会社（株式会社に限る。）がその義務を承継した新株予約権若しくは新株予約権付社債等の取得及び保有
• If a Share Held Company transfers its business to a successor company (meaning a business corporation, etc., incorporated as a result of an incorporation-type split, or a business corporation, etc., that assumes the business as a result of an absorption-type corporate Split, and is neither a Specified SME, Etc. nor a Share Held Company. The same to apply in the following clause) as a result of a corporate separation -acquiring and holding of shares or equity shares that the successor company allocates to shareholders of the Share Held Company at the time of the corporate separation, or share options or Bond with Share Options, Etc. in respect of which the successor company (limited to a business corporation) has assumed the obligation thereof;