罪: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- えん罪
- false charge
- false accusation
- misrepresentation
- 子は流罪
- Their children were exiled.
- 絞罪器械図式
- Kozai Kikai Zushiki (Scheme of devices for judicial hanging)
- 3名が無罪。
- 3 defenders were sentenced not guilty.
- 日本統治の功罪
- Merits and demerits of Japanese ruling
- 不敬罪も参照。
- Refer to the section of 'Lese Majesty'.
- 天つ罪・国つ罪
- Amatsu Tsumi and Kunitsu Tsumi
- 私鋳銭に関する罪
- Crimes in regard to shichusen
- 流罪、そして復帰
- Exile and Return
- 死罪 (江戸時代)
- Shizai (Edo Period)
- 最大の犯罪とされた。
- It was considered to be the greatest crime.
- 子孫は流罪になった。
- His descendant was exiled.
- 罪障懺悔の唱句はない。
- There is no verse of the confession of sins.
- 電車運転不調の謝罪広告
- Apology in a Newspaper for Bad Train Operation
- ICOCAを用いた犯罪
- Crimes using ICOCA
- - 罪の軽重の名例律准拠
- Punishment in conformity with Meirei-ritsu (Japanese criminal law)
- 犯罪、刃傷沙汰、殺人事件
- Crimes, bloody affairs, and murders.
- 第十条 - 殺害刃傷罪科事
- Article 10: Crimes of murder and bodily injury
- 謀反と謀叛は別の罪である。
- Thus two muhon, '謀反' and '謀叛', were considered different crimes.
- 判決は有罪・死刑となった。
- She was found guilty and sentenced to death.
- 幕府の法律、特に犯罪と裁判。
- Bakufu's law, especially for crimes and trials
- 姦婦も同罪」と記されていた。
- Same punishment applies to an adulteress.'
- 有罪の18名は大審院に上告。
- The 18 guilty persons appealed to the daishin-in.
- これを五刑又は五罪と言った。
- These were called gokei (five sentences) or gozai (five punishments).
- その上で安房国に流罪となる。
- Then he was exiled in Awa Province.
- 江華島事件についての謝罪要求。
- Requirement of an apology for the Ganghwa Island incident.
- 犯罪者ですら例外ではなかった。
- Even a criminal was not an exception.
- 親鸞は越後国に流罪されている。
- Shinran was exiled to Echigo Province.
- 首謀者5名は大磯宿で斬罪の酷刑。
- The five ringleaders received capital punishment of decapitation in Oiso-juku.
- 軽犯罪法(昭和23年法律39号)
- Minor Offensive Act (No. 39 in 1948)
- 犯罪者(官僚、土豪)の財産没収、
- Confiscation of the property of criminals (bureaucracy, local clans)
- 朝鮮半島では罪人の座法とされる。
- In the Korean Peninsula, seiza is considered the sitting style of criminals.
- 冤罪を題材にした傑作ミステリー。
- It is a masterpiece of mystery based on false accusation.
- ザベリオ学園(無原罪聖母宣教女会)
- Xaverio Gakuen (school) (The Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception)
- しかし1ヶ月間で罪を許されている。
- However, he was forgiven one month later.
- 子の平常将と平常近も罪を許された。
- His children, TAIRA no Tsunemasa and TAIRA no Tsunechika were forgiven.
- 汝当に此の人の罪報を説くを聴くべし。
- You should listen to this person's payment for sin.
- 日蓮は、難を免れ佐渡に流罪となった。
- Nichiren escaped danger and was exiled to Sado island.
- 治安維持法違反について37名が有罪。
- 37 people were convicted guilty on violation of the Maintenance of Public Order Law.
- その後に罪を許されて宮中に復帰する。
- After that, he was pardoned and returned to the Imperial Court.
- 後に容疑は晴れて、無罪放免となった。
- His charge was cleared later, and he was acquitted.
- 広相に罪がないことを知る天皇は窮する。
- The Emperor, who was aware that Hiromi was not wrong, was driven into a corner.
- 身の不明を恥じ片目を刳りぬき謝罪する。
- Ashamed of his ignorance, he apologizes by cutting out his eye.
- 罪のなき奇語の、広く行はれしものかな。
- How could an innocent strange word be so widely used!
- しかし、女性ということで死罪を免れた。
- However, she could avoid capital crime, because she was a woman.
- 658年に有間皇子の変で流罪となった。
- In 658, he was sentenced to banishment in the coup of Prince Arima.
- 橘奈良麻呂の乱で土佐国に流罪にされる。
- He was exiled to Tosa Province after the revolt of TACHIBANA no Naramaro.
- その後審議を経て、備後国へ流罪となる。
- Later, through deliberation, he was exiled to Bingo Province.
- 審議の末に阿波国への流罪に処せられた。
- He was exiled to Awa Province after some consideration.
- 関所破りは重罪とされ、磔刑に処せられた。
- Sekisho yaburi (breaking or sneaking through a barrier checkpoint) was considered a serious crime, and was punished by crucifixion.
- 同年7月9日、全員が斬罪に処されている。
- All the members were punished by decapitation on July 9, 1874.
- 9月には、古人大兄皇子を謀反の罪で処刑。
- In October, Furuhito no Oe no Miko was executed for the crime of rebellion.
- 逆に経基は誣告罪で左衛門府に拘禁された。
- To the contrary, Tsunemoto was confined to the Saemon-no-fu (office of the Imperial Police) for libel.
- 執行猶予付の禁固刑という有罪判決が出た。
- The chef was sentenced to imprisonment with parole.
- 翌月には謀反の罪で大津皇子が処刑される。
- Next month, Prince Otsu was executed on charge of rebellion.
- しかし幕府は長州藩へ問罪使の派遣を決定。
- However the bakufu (feudal government headed by a shogun) decided to dispatch an interrogator to the Choshu Domain.
- (罪名は伊東甲子太郎の殺害) 享年32。
- (On a charge of murder of Kashitaro ITO) Died at the age of 32.
- 率いられた者が罪とされないのは同様である。
- Similarly, followers were not accused.
- 謀叛と謀反では、謀反のほうが重い罪である。
- A scheme of countering is more deadly sin than a scheme of disobedience.
- 絞罪器械図式(明治6年太政官布告第65号)
- Drawings of Equipments for Execution by Hanging (Dajokan Fukoku No. 65 of 1873)
- 有司専制の罪として以下の5罪を挙げている。
- In the zankanjo, Shimada accused the crime of Yushi Sensei (despotism by domain-dominated government), describing the five crimes as follows:
- 妹尾は彼らの流罪が恩赦されたことを伝える。
- Seni told them that they had been granted amnesty.
- 同年2月4日版紙面にて謝罪文が掲載された。
- In the February 4th issue in the same year, a written apology was printed on paper.
- 関所を迂回する関所破りは死罪とされていた。
- Sneaking through the sekisho by detouring was deemed as a capital offence.
- 残った人々の叫びは地獄の罪人のようでした。
- The people remaining felt like criminals in hell.
- 罪が重いと魂を清めるため地獄に落とされる。
- A person who dies with serious sins will be made to fall into hell.
- (ただし、これは冤罪の犠牲ともいわれる。)
- (However some say he was the victim of a false accusation.)
- 足利将軍3代を逆賊とする罪状が掲げられた。
- There was an article charging the three Ashikaga shoguns with being Gyakuzoku rebels.
- 請西藩 - 改易(1万石)、藩重臣は死罪。
- Jozai Domain: kaieki (forfeit of properties and the warrior class), (10 thousand goku); the high-ranking retainers were sentenced to death.
- 不義密通に対する罪で璃鶴は懲役3年だった。
- Rikaku was given a three-year jail sentence for illicit intercourse.
- 之長の2人の子息も、翌日に死罪に処された。
- Yukinaga's two sons were also executed on the following day.
- 後に二人の無罪が認められ、墓は山陵とされた。
- They were found not guilty later on and their graves were designated as Imperial tombs.
- 不孝(ふきょう)殺人以外の尊属に対する犯罪。
- Fukyo is a crime against ancestors except murder.
- 江戸時代に罪人を捕える武器として用いられた。
- It is used as a weapon to catch criminals during the Edo period.
- しかし、興福寺は謀反に同意した罪は軽くない。
- But Kofuku-ji temple's blame for their willful rebellion is heavy indeed.
- 違勅罪(いちょくざい/いちょくのつみ)とも。
- It is also called Ichokuzai (literally means 'The Charge of Ichoku').
- 不道(ふどう)大量殺人・呪術など一般的な重罪。
- Fudo means serious crimes in general such as mass murder and occultism.
- 謀反(むへん)天皇殺害の罪(未遂、予備含む)。
- Muhen is the crime of killing emperors (including attempted murder and preparation of murder).
- その所々に審判の門があり、生前の罪が裁かれる。
- On his/her way, there are gates of judgment here and there where the sins committed during the life are tried.
- しかし、太政大臣藤原良房の進言で無罪となった。
- However, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, the Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state), provided counsel and Genshin was set free.
- 事実、大石鍬次郎は龍馬暗殺の罪で殺されている。
- In fact, Kuwajiro OISHI was killed for Ryoma's assassination.
- 大同 (日本)元年(806年)罪を許され帰京。
- Kawatsugu was forgiven his crime and returned to Kyoto in 806.
- 771年にそれが冤罪だったと判明し、帰京する。
- In 771 it was discovered that she has been falsely charged and she returned to the capital.
- 平時忠は能登国へ流罪となり、そこで死んでいる。
- TAIRA no Tokitada was banished to Noto Province, where he died.
- 爨宝璧は則天武后によって罪を問われ処刑された。
- San Hoheki was accused of this and executed by Empress Sokuten.
- -- もろもろの禍事・罪・穢れを川から海へ流す
- She throws all the evils, sins, and vice into a river so that they will flow into the sea.
- 基経は執拗になおも広相を流罪に処すことを求める。
- Mototsune persistently requested Hiromi's banishment.
- 宮郷はその後、本願寺に謝罪して赦免を受けている。
- After that, miyago apologized to the Hongan-ji Temple and was pardoned.
- 親王も「男を進めざる」故をもって罪を科せられた。
- The Imperial Prince himself also received punishment for 'not being honorable.'
- 幼い頃に外祖父の赤兄が壬申の乱で流罪に処される。
- When she was young, her grandfather Akae was banished in the Jinshin War.
- しかし、内訌をおこして敗れ、乱後は流罪になった。
- However, he was involved in an internal strife and lost; after the war, he was exiled.
- しかし、北条政子の死後、罪を許され、所領を回復。
- However, after the death of Masako HOJO, he was pardoned and his territory was restored to him.
- 謀叛にとどまる場合、主犯は絞、従犯は流罪になった。
- If the act was still in the stage of 'scheme,' the main offender was hanged and accomplices were banished.
- この脱走が3回に及ぶと死罪にされた(1790年)。
- If Hinin escaped three times, this person was sentenced to death.
- 律令法では強市は違法とされ、笞罪50の刑とされた。
- There was a statute that deemed kyoshi illegal and the offender was subjected to 50 whippings.
- 1263年(弘長3)日蓮が伊豆での流罪が許される。
- In 1263, Nichiren who had been in exile in Izu was pardoned.
- 勘平「彼奴を殺さば不忠の上に重なる罪科、最早明け方
- Kanpei: If I had killed him, it would mean that I had committed more crime, adding to the disloyalty, but now it's the break of dawn.
- 翌年、時忠・源資賢が二条を呪詛した罪で配流される。
- In the following year, Tokitada, MINAMOTO no Sukekata were banished as they committed the crime of placing a curse against Emperor Nijo.
- その後都へ連行され、審議の上阿波国へ流罪となった。
- After been taken to Kyoto, where a deliberation for his punishment was held, he was banished to the Awa Province.
- ただし、刈田狼藉は即時、犯罪とされたわけではない。
- However, karita-rozeki was not immediately classified as a crime.
- 伊賀の方と光宗・実雅は流罪となった(伊賀氏の変)。
- Iga no Kata, Mitsumune, and Sanemasa were deported (Incident of the Iga clan known as Igashi no Hen).
- また憲忠の懇願によって長尾景仲らの罪も赦免された。
- Thanks to Noritada's petition for mercy, Kagenaka NAGAO and others were granted amnesty.
- 道三死後、信長に仕え、罪人糾明・検使などを務めた。
- After Dosan died, he served Nobunaga, playing the roles of examining criminals and of an inspector.
- これを犯す者は「神木犯穢」の罪で清祓料を徴収された。
- If somebody broke the taboo, he (or she) was fined the fee of Shinto purification ritual for the sin of 'Shinboku han-e' (profanity to Shinboku).
- しかし、軽罪については各官司が独自に裁判権を持った。
- However, as for minor offences, each government official had jurisdiction independently.
- 起源は軽犯罪者の罪を許し手先として使った放免である。
- The origin of Okappiki was Homen, who were former petty criminals whose sins had been forgiven and worked as a minion.
- 被告側も、無罪となった者も含め50名全員が控訴した。
- Fifty defendants including those who were found not guilty appealed against their sentence.
- それと知らず関係を持った罪悪に二人は自害して果てる。
- Both of them committed suicide out of guilt that they had a relationship with each other.
- 俵薬師の少年の残虐性は罪もない異人に向けられている。
- The cruelty of the young boy in Tawara Yakushi is directed at innocent outsiders.
- そして、後日、謝罪放送がされるという事態が発生した。
- And later NHK had to broadcast an apology.
- 罪人を柴で包んで縛り上げ、重りをつけて水底に沈める。
- A sinner is tied up covered with brushwood and sunk to the bottom of water with weight.
- 五逆罪・十悪を所作し、不善を行って地獄に堕すべき者。
- People who should go to hell, because they committed five rebellious sins, ten ferocious crimes and evil deeds.
- 他にも2僧が処刑され、法然のほか7僧が流罪となった。
- 2 other monks were also executed and 7 monks other than Honen were exiled.
- なお、この事件に関して大伴子虫は罪に問われていない。
- OTOMO no Komushi was not accused of this incident.
- 朝廷へ上訴されたことによりまもなく流罪されたらしい。
- It is said that he was sentenced to banishment soon afterwards, upon people's petition to the Emperor.
- 19日、狂言公演終了後の謝罪会見では男子高生が同席。
- This high school student attended a press conference of apology which was held on 19th after the kyogen performance finished.
- 下野国那須烏山市(一説に那須とも)に流罪に処された。
- He was banished to the present Nasu- Karasuyama City in Shimotsuke Province (or to Nasu, according to another account).
- これは、領土を実際に奪った罪を特に重くした区分である。
- This classification was designed to treat an act of actually seizing a territory as an especially capital crime.
- 律で謀とは犯罪の実行に着手に至らない計画のことを言う。
- In ritsu, a scheme means a plan of a crime which has not been undertaken yet.
- また朝鮮人が罪を犯した場合は朝鮮官吏が裁判を行うこと。
- Also if a Korean commits a crime, the Korean government official will conduct a trial.
- 罪状が重い場合は市中引き回しが付加されることもあった。
- If the offense was grave, additional punishment could be imposed by dragging the criminal on the streets.
- 藤原式家の広嗣の弟たちも多くが縁坐して流罪に処された。
- Most brothers of Hirotsugu of the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan were charged as an accomplice because of their kinship with the offender and exiled.
- 乱の後は佐渡島へ流罪となり、その地で1242年、崩御。
- He was banished to Sado-ga-shima Island after the Disturbance and died there in 1242.
- ただし清盛もさすがに後白河に対しては罪を問わなかった。
- Kiyomori, however, did not charge Goshirakawa.
- 激怒した重盛は謝罪と申し出を拒否して使者を追い返した。
- Angered Shigemori refused the offer and apology and chased away the messengers.
- 姉小路は広大院付の上臈御年寄・梅渓に罪をなすり付けた。
- Anegakoji laid the blame on the Joro-otoshiyori named UMETANI who served Kodaiin.
- そしてそのような罪が出たときの罪の祓い方が述べられる。
- And it describes how to purify such sins when they are committed.
- このように、有能であれば、その罪を許し重用もしていた。
- In this way, if a vassal was efficient, Nobunaga allowed his sin and gave him an important post.
- 昭和17年(1942年)3月16日一審不敬罪有罪判決。
- On March 16, 1942, the first trial decision was guilty for defamation of royalty.
- 一年余りの戦いの末に罪一切不問とすることでこれを収めた。
- At the end of fighting a war that lasted just over a year, the situation was brought under control with an offer for an amnesty for all crimes.
- 義平の弟の頼朝は伊豆流罪の身となり、河内源氏は四散する。
- Yoritomo, a younger brother of Yoshihira, was banished to Izu, and Kawachi-Genji was scattered in all directions.
- 直訴は死罪とされていたため、その行為は義挙と賞賛された。
- Direct appeal deserved capital crime, so it was praised as a heroic deed.
- 保元の乱を起こすが敗れて讃岐国に流罪、その地で亡くなる。
- He caused the Hogen Disturbance but was exiled to Sanuki Province after being defeated and died there.
- 秀吉死我軍尽撤、朝鮮畏倭滋甚, 欲與倭通款、又惧開罪中国
- 秀吉死我軍尽撤,朝鮮畏倭滋甚, 欲與倭通款,又惧開罪中国 (Refer to the following translation).
- 違勅(いちょく)とは、天皇の勅に違うことによる罪のこと。
- Ichoku refers to a charge meted out as a reuslt of not following an Emperor's command.
- 罪を得た場合、罰として品位の剥奪が行われることがあった。
- There were cases where court ranks were stripped as a form of punishment when imperial princes were found to be guilty of a crime.
- 1164年、罪を許されて官職に復帰も許されて京都に戻る。
- He was pardoned for his crime, and allowed to regain his court rank, and returned to Kyoto in 1164.
- 一方、相馬家も弁護士星亨を雇い、錦織を誣告罪で告訴した。
- On the other hand, the Soma Family hired a lawyer Toru HOSHI and sued Nishigori for false charge.
- そのため、幕命により改易され、常陸国筑波に流罪とされた。
- He forfeited rank of Samurai and properties by order of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and was deported to Tsukuba in Hitachi Province.
- 罪を許された光源氏は都に返り咲き、冷泉帝も元服を迎えた。
- Having been forgiven for what he had done, Hikaru Genji came back to the capital, and Emperor Reizei celebrated his coming-of-age.
- 古今東西を問わず、贅沢は一種の犯罪であると考えられてきた。
- Through all ages and civilizations, luxury has been considered a kind of crime.
- 杖罪を受けるものはあらかじめ刑具をつけずに獄に拘禁された。
- Convicts who were to be flogged were imprisoned without apparatuses.
- 賭博や売春をはじめ軽微な犯罪に対する刑罰として用いられた。
- Karyo was used as a penal punishment for minor crimes such as gambling and prostitution.
- 関係法令も賭博及び富くじに関する罪によって規制されている。
- As such, it falls under the control of laws and regulations concerning crimes related to gambling and the lottery.
- 極刑に値するところ死一等を減じられて伊豆国へ流罪となった。
- Despite the charge was worth the death penalty, he escaped the death punishment to the lower one, and exiled to Izu Province.
- 742年、女官との不適切な関係により、伊豆に流罪となった。
- He was banished to Izu in 742 due to his inadequate relationship with a court lady.
- 死後、逸勢は罪を許されて853年には従四位下を賜っている。
- In 853, after his death, Hayanari was pardoned and awarded the rank of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 弟の忠清も兄の罪に連座して失脚し、以後の行方は不明である。
- His younger brother, Tadakiyo, was implicated in his elder brother's crime and was ousted, and went missing since then.
- しかし永享の乱後に足利義教によって罪を赦免されて還俗した。
- However, after the Eikyo War, Iezumi was pardoned by Yoshinori ASHIKAGA and returned to secular life.
- 4月には嗣司も佐原方面での献金強要の罪で捕縛され入獄した。
- In April, Tsuguji was also arrested and imprisoned on the grounds of forcing contributions in the region around Sahara.
- 盗賊(強盗)、追い剥ぎ、詐欺などの犯罪に科された刑罰である。
- This form of capital punishment was imposed for robbery (forcible burglary), brigandage, and fraud, etc.
- (2)犯罪による非人への身分移動を伴う刑罰を非人手下という。
- Punishment which was to be relegated to Hinin due to committing a crime or violating the laws was called Hinin-teka.
- それぞれ継人・家持の子である大伴国道・大伴永主は流罪となる。
- In addition, OTOMO no Kunimichi (the son of Tsuguto) and OTOMO no Naganushi (the son of Yakamochi) were exiled.
- 事件後に吉良家は領地召し上げとなり、信濃国高島へ流罪された。
- The Kira family had its territory confiscated after the incident and was banished to Takashima in Shinano Province.
- 7月9日、51名を有罪(起訴相当)、16名が不起訴となった。
- On July 9, fifty-one persons were found guilty (prosecution) and sixteen were exempted from prosecution.
- 此の人の罪報を汝今また聴け、其の人命終して八大地獄に入らん」
- Listen to this person's payment of sin now again, his life will end and he will enter into the Big Eight Hell.'
- 行空は「一念往生義」を立てているので流罪にせよと訴えられた。
- Gyoku was threatened to be expelled with a suit for his 'doctrine of one-calling attainment' (in which he stated that one needed only say the nenbutsu once).
- 川の女神に感謝と謝罪の意を表すため、川や池などに灯篭を流す。
- In this Loy Krathong festival, people float lanterns in rivers and ponds to express their gratitude and apology to the deities of the river or pond.
- そして1930年5月、大審院による上告棄却で有罪が確定した。
- At last, in May, 1930, daishin-in (predecessor of the supreme court of Japan) dismissed the final appeal to prove them guilty.
- その上、平城京から追放され、志計志麻呂は土佐国に流罪となる。
- Moreover, she was banished from Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara) and Shikeshimaro was deported to Tosa Province.
- 後に罪を赦され、正長元年(1428年)に伊勢守護に復帰した。
- Subsequently, He was pardoned, and returned to the position of Ise no Shugo in 1428.
- この罪で秀信は高野山に流され、綱家は京都で蟄居を命じられる。
- For punishment, Hidenobu was expelled to Mt. Koya, and Tsunaie was ordered to be placed under house arrest in Kyoto.
- 一説には中央政界内部の争いによる冤罪であるともいわれている。
- Some people say he may have been falsely charged due to internal struggle in the court political arena.
- しかし畠山持国らに攻められ、子の日野資親と共に斬罪にされた。
- However, he was attacked by Mochikuni HATAKEYAMA and others, and was beheaded along with Sukechika HINO.
- 首領の瑞山は切腹を命じられ、他の党員も死罪などに処せられた。
- The leader Zuizan was forced to commit seppuku (suicide by disembowelment), and other party members were sentenced to death.
- 勝・松平春嶽の運動で土佐藩主山内容堂から脱藩の罪を許される。
- Efforts made by KATSU and Shungaku MATSUDAIRA encouraged the lord of the Tosa clan, Yodo YAMAUCHI, to condone Ryoma's charge of fleeing from the Tosa clan.
- 罪を許され京へ帰参するついでに邪魔な与兵衛をも始末に来たのだ。
- He has come to kill Yohei, a nuisance for him, on the way back to Kyoto after having been forgiven.
- なお、この2名の流罪では収まらず、翌年承元の法難へと発展した。
- Expelling these two was not enough, this became Jogen no honan (an event where four apprentices of Honen were executed and seven others including Honen and Shinran were banished by the Retired Emperor Gotoba) in the following year.
- 世阿弥は佐渡に流罪となり、その後表舞台に戻ることなく死去した。
- Meanwhile, Zeami was exiled to Sado Island and died never to come back to the front stage.
- 唯一の遺児と思われる教尊も禁闕の変への関与が疑われ隠岐島流罪。
- Kyoson, who was assumed to be the only bereaved child of Seisho, was also suspected of involvement in the Conspiracy of Kinketsu, and was exiled to Oki no shima Island.
- 従って、天皇の許可が出なければ、流罪に減刑されることとなった。
- Thus, without the approval of the Emperor, the sentence would be reduced to banishment.
- 無実の罪で捕らえられる左大臣源信 (公卿)と、嘆き悲しむ女房ら
- Sadaijin (minister of the left) MINAMOTO no Makoto arrested for a crime he had not committed, the grieving women of the palace
- 記紀によれば、父の大草香皇子が罪無くして安康天皇に誅殺された。
- According to the Kiki, Imperial Prince Okusaka, the biological father of Prince Mayowa was killed by execution as a criminal ('chusatus' in Japanese) despite his innocence; the Emperor Anko was behind this execution.
- 757年(天平宝字元年)に橘奈良麻呂の乱で佐渡国に流罪となる。
- In 757, following the revolt of TACHIBANA no Naramaro, he was exiled to Sado Province.
- 「職に於いて赦さず、速やかに召し捕えて罪を論じ、刑に処さん。」
- 'I can not allow your words to pass with my obligations. Therefore you will be arrested immediately and be punished.'
- しかし、世論は怒り収まらず、井上馨外相から殺人罪で告訴された。
- However, the anger of the Japanese public could not be calmed down for the judgement, thus Foreign Minister Kaoru INOUE brought a charge against Drake for murder.
- 1879年(明治12年)12月 治罪法草案審査委員を命ぜられる
- In December 1879, he was ordered to be a committee member to examine the draft of Chizaiho (the Criminal Procedure Law of 1880 -1890).
- -- 海の底で待ち構えていてもろもろの禍事・罪・穢れを飲み込む
- She, who is waiting at the bottom of the sea, swallows all the evils, sins, and vice.
- 昭和19年12月12日、大審院(現最高裁判所)無罪判決、結審。
- On December 12, 1944, the Daishinin (present Japanese Supreme Court) found him not guilty and the trial was concluded.
- 第十款 日本人が開港にて罪を犯した場合は日本の官吏が裁判を行う。
- Provision 10 - if a Japanese commits a crime in a city where the port is opened, the Japanese government official will conduct a trial.
- 律において謀とは計画にとどまり実行に着手していない予備罪をいう。
- In ritsu, '謀'(the character of 'mu') indicates 'planning a rebellion' (not performed).
- 代宗は事態を収拾するために乱側の藩鎮の地位を保全して罪を赦した。
- Daizong, in order to control the situation, offered to guarantee the positions of the hanchin on the rebel side and pardoned them of their crimes.
- 子孫が祖父母・父母に対して悪逆(殺人)以外の犯罪行為を犯すこと。
- It referred to crimes of descendants against their grandparent(s)/parent(s) other than akugyaku (homicide).
- 川崎九郎次1名のみが首謀者として罪を引受け、他の者は釈放された。
- Only Kuroji KAWASAKI was arrested, undertaking the responsibility as a ringleader of the turmoil, while the other members were released.
- 1895年、錦織が相馬家側より誣告罪で訴えられ、後に有罪が確定。
- In 1895, in reverse, the SOMA family sued NISHIGORI for false accusation, and NISHIGORI was proved guilty.
- 皇族としてただ1人戦争犯罪人に指定され、巣鴨拘置所に拘置される。
- He was convicted as a War criminal and was sentenced to serve time in Sugamo Prison.
- 罪人を試し切りした際、髭まで切れたというのがこの名の由来である。
- The name, which means beard cutter, comes from a story that when it was tried out on a criminal, it passed right through the neck and cut off his beard.
- 罪人を試し切りした際、膝まで切れたというのがこの名の由来である。
- Hizamaru was named after an event that occurred when trying it out on a criminal, it cut through to the criminal's knees.
- しかしながら謀反の罪に問われ庶人に落とされた後、母共々変死した。
- However, he was suspected to be a rebel, forced to demote from nobility to subject, and finally died an unnatural death together with his mother.
- 清盛は関係者を速やかに斬罪や流罪などに処断した(鹿ヶ谷の陰謀)。
- Kiyomori swiftly punished the related people with execution and exile (Shishigatani no Inbo (the Shishigatani Conspiracy).
- 7月27日 (旧暦)、天皇方が上皇方の公卿・武士らの罪を定めた。
- On August 21, the emperor's side sentenced the nobles and the samurais on the retired emperor's side.
- 後に、義忠殺害は冤罪であり、真犯人は源義光であった事が判明した。
- Following this it came to light that his being accused of killing Yoshitada was a false charge and that the true perpetrator was MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu.
- 807年(大同2年)、藤原吉子・伊予親王母子を無実の罪に陥れた。
- He made a charge against FUJWIARA no Yoshiko and her son, the Imperial Prince Iyo, despite their innocence in 807.
- 今度は平清盛によって再度流罪にされるなど波乱の生涯を送っている。
- Later his lifetime was buffeted by trials and tribulations with shogun Kiyomori banishing him once again.
- 建永2年(1207年)3月、四国に流罪の時も当御房から出発した。
- In April 1207, it was from this chamber that he set out for Shikoku after being exiled from Kyoto.
- 「罪」は「恙み(ツツガミ)」から、精神的な負傷や憂いを意味する。
- Tsumi (sin) is the same as 'Tsutsugami (harm)' and means mental injury or trouble and sadness or sorrow from it.
- ここで秀久は秀忠の遅参について激怒している家康への謝罪に努めた。
- Hidehisa worked hard to apologize to Ieyasu who became angry about the late arrival of Hidetada.
- 白村江の戦いの後に高句麗に逃れたが、唐に捕らえられて流罪となる。
- Although he escaped to Goguryeo after losing in the Battle of Hakusukinoe, he was captured by the Tang Dynasty of China and sentenced to exile.
- 警視庁が詐欺罪容疑で竹内巨磨、前田常蔵、高畠康寿を取り調べする。
- Keishi-cho (Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department) questioned Kiyomaro TAKEUCHI, Tsunezo MAEDA (前田常蔵) and Yasuhisa TAKABATAKE (高畠康寿) on suspicion of fraud.
- あらゆる罪の中でも最も重く斬刑などに処せられる八虐の筆頭であった。
- It was considered the most serious of all crimes, and ranked first in the eight unpardonable crimes, which deserved decapitation.
- 結果責任によって犯罪の成立が論じられる客観主義的な要素が強かった。
- Objectivism, which judges a crime based on accountability, was a strong factor.
- 以理解(いりげ)…考解・犯罪解にあたらないその他の理由による解任。
- Irige…Dismissal due to the reasons other than koge and hanzaige.
- 彼らの流罪には刑期がなく、死ぬまでこの島にいなければならなかった。
- The period of their sentence was not defined, and they had to stay in the island until they died.
- 養老の名例律が、不孝を、不義などの罪とならべて、八虐の一つとした。
- Meirei-ritsu in Yoro included undutifulness in its hachigyaku along with crimes such as perfidiousness.
- これは、頼長に連座して罪人になる事を避けるための苦渋の選択だった。
- This was a distressing choice to make in order to avoid Yorinaga being implicated in criminal matters.
- なお、最終的には九鬼が福澤に謝罪する形で両者の間に和解が成された。
- Kuki, in the end, apologized to Fukuzawa, leading to their reconciliation.
- 頼朝は実検を行うと、河田次郎を主人を討った不義による斬罪を命じた。
- Yoritomo condemned KAWADA no Jiro to execution by decapitation because of the immorality of killing the master.
- また、罪を償いその神を祀ることで祟りが鎮められると考えられている。
- It was also believed that by correcting the error or transgression, tatari could be quelled.
- 「ぬさ」とは神への供え物や、罪を祓うために使用する物のことである。
- Nusa' refers to an offering made to a God or a thing used to purify the sin.
- 3点目は斬罪の寛刑特令を発布することであった(『玉葉』十月四日条)。
- The third article was about promulgation of a lenient punishment order against execution by decapitation (the section of the 4th day of the 10th month in the 'Gyokuyo').
- 官戸は犯罪行為の罰として賤民に落とされた身分で口分田等は良民と同等。
- Kanko were those who were demoted to the lowly status as punishment for their criminal acts and were granted the same farming rights as Ryomin.
- 回数は罪の重さによって60回から100回までの5段階に分かれていた。
- The number of strokes ranged from 60 strokes to 100 strokes in 5 steps, depending on the seriousness of the crime.
- これに対して吉良は抜刀はしていないので理由の如何を問わず無罪となる。
- Kira, on the other hand, did not draw his sword, and therefore was found not guilty.
- そして夏の陣直前に豊臣方から離れたため、戦後に罪には問われなかった。
- He did not suffer punitive action from the Tokugawa side later after the war because of his departure from the Toyotomi camp prior to the Summer Siege.
- 乱後、崇徳上皇は讃岐国に流罪になり、重仁親王は仁和寺に入り出家した。
- After the end of the Hogen War, the Retired Emperor Sutoku was exiled to Sanuki Province and Emperor Prince Shigehito became a monk in Ninna-ji Temple.
- だが、兵太夫の尽力で釈放され、罪一等を減じられ堺からの所払いとなる。
- However, Danshichi was released through the efforts of Hyodayu with a reduction in penalty by one degree and expelled from Sakai.
- 天皇より「君主の殺生と臣下の殺生のどちらが罪が重いのか?」と尋ねた。
- The emperor asked him 'Which is the greater sin: the taking of life by a sovereign or the taking of life by a retainer?'
- 放火の罪を着せられた左大臣源信家の人々は絶望して大いに嘆き悲しんだ。
- Members of the house of MINAMOTO no Makoto, the Sadaijin, who were accused of the crime, were devastated and distressed.
- 693年に窃盗の罪に問われたが、壬申の乱のときの功に免じて赦された。
- He was accused of theft in 693, however, he was pardoned out of consideration for his service in the Jinshin War.
- 1849年(嘉永2年)頃、人を殺し無罪となったが堅気の生活を捨てる。
- Around 1849: He killed a person and was proven innocent but abandoned a life of honesty.
- もし写真と運転手の顔が一致しなければ、車両強奪の犯罪行為が疑われる。
- If the face of the driver and the photo do not match, it is suspect as a seized taxi, a criminal act.
- 藤原薬子と縁戚関係であったが、罪を問われずにその後は民部卿を兼ねた。
- Although Kadonomaro was a relative of FUJIWARA no Kusuko, he was found not to be guilty and later also served as Minbukyo (Minister of Popular Affairs).
- 唐律において謀叛は十悪の第三、養老律令でも八虐の第三となる重罪である。
- Muhon is a felony which falls under the 3rd of Juaku (10 evils) in Tang Ritsuryo Code and also falls under the 3rd of Hachigyaku (8 unpardonable crimes) in Yoro Code.
- 強盗ではなく窃盗の場合でも、十両盗めば死罪と公事方御定書で規定された。
- Kujigata-osadamegaki (the code of law under the Edo shogunate) provided that shizai is imposed on theft, even when not involving violence against victims, so long as the amount stolen is 10 ryo (Currency unit of the Edo Period).
- 「謀反」とは国家(政権)の転覆や天皇の殺害を企ててる罪のことであった。
- 謀反' was defined as a crime of attempting to overthrow the government or kill the emperor.
- 東アジアの人々に浸透した儒教の観念では大変重い罪であるととらえられた。
- Muhon was viewed as a severe crime in Confucian ethics which were familiar to people in East Asia.
- 無罪となった者のうち11名の上告は認められず、この場で無罪が確定した。
- The Supreme Court turned down an appeal from eleven persons who had been found innocent and then they were finally convicted of innocence.
- これにより朝廷は将門らへの疑いを解き、逆に経基は誣告の罪で罰せられた。
- Thereafter, the Imperial Court eliminated any suspicion against Masakado and the others, while Tsunemoto was punished for the crime of false accusation.
- 赤穂浪士の遺子のうち、出家した者を除き15歳以上の男子は流罪となった。
- Among children of Ako Roshi, those who were over 15 were sentenced to exile except for those who had entered the Buddhist priesthood.
- 川継の罪は極刑に値するところ、死一等を減じられて伊豆国へ流罪となった。
- Even though the crime that Kawatsugu committed was deserving of the punishment of death, he instead received a lower punishment and was exiled to Izu Province.
- (子孫は流罪先の八丈島で家系を保ち、現在も同島で墓を守り続けている)。
- (His descendants maintained the family line in Hachijo-jima Island, where Naoie was exiled, and, even today, they maintain the family grave.
- 水口藩はこれに驚き、平身低頭謝罪し、詫び証文を書いて、その場を納めた。
- Minakuchi domain was surprised at this and humbly begged for forgiveness, signing an apology to bring things under control.
- (ここでの罪は神道の観念による「罪」であり、犯罪とは意味合いが異なる)
- (Here sins refer to those regarded as 'sins' in the concept of Shinto and they not necessarily crimes.)
- 元治2年(1865年)2月23日に山南は罪を受けて切腹することになる。
- On February 23 in 1865, YAMANAMI was intended to commit Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) for his crimes.
- その為、即位後の後三条天皇は隆国の子息達を罪科に当てようと考えていた。
- Therefore, after the enthronement, Emperor Gosanjo was planning to settle the score by accusing Kunitaka's sons of some kind of charge.
- 父盛憲、叔父藤原経憲はともに保元の乱で流罪となり、一時一家は没落した。
- His father, Morinori, and his uncle, FUJIWARA no Tsunenori, were exiled after the Hogen War and the family declined.
- 周防国への流罪が決まったが、源義経に接近して配所に赴こうとしなかった。
- He was exiled to Suo Province, but tried to avoid going to haisho (the place where a criminal is sent) by becoming related with MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune.
- 長保元年(999年)橘惟頼及びその郎等を殺害した罪で佐渡国に流された。
- In 999, Munetada was exiled to Sado Province after being charged with the murder of Koreyori TACHIBANA and his followers.
- 大祓詞では、このスサノオの行いを総称して「天つ罪・国つ罪」としている。
- These Susano's conducts are generically called 'amatsu-tsumi (heavenly sin) and kunitsu-tsumi (earthly sin) in the Oharae no kotoba (the great purification).
- 藤原吉子・伊予親王母子が処罰され2人は自殺したが、後に無罪が認められた。
- FUJIWARA no Yoshiko and her son Imperial Prince Iyo were punished and they committed suicide, but they were found not guilty later on.
- また、在京諸司で罪が発覚した場合には杖刑以下は当該諸司の専決事項とした。
- If a crime was detected among the officials staying in Kyoto, the appropriate official had an exclusive right to decide a punishment lower than flogging.
- 杖罪(じょうざい)、もしくは杖刑(じょうけい)とは、律令法の五刑の一つ。
- Flogging (jozai or jokei) was one of the five sentences of the Ritsuryo law.
- 福井県では断髪令に反対する一揆が発生し、6人が騒乱罪で死刑となっている。
- In Fukui Prefecture, one group which opposed Zanpatsu Datto Rei caused uprising, resulting the death penalty of six individuals.
- 八虐(はちぎやく)とは、律令法において、もっとも重いとされた8つの犯罪。
- Hachigyaku means the eight most serious crimes in the ritsuryo code.
- 築地の場: 加茂社での密会が菅丞相による簒奪の企みとされ、流罪が決まる。
- It was determined that secret meeting at Kamo shrine was thought to be the usurp of Kanshojo and his exile was decided.
- また、これらの罪によって罰せられた場合、再出家することも禁じられている。
- The monk who was punished for these sins are forbidden to enter into priesthood again.
- その後、密告があり伴善男父子に嫌疑がかけられ、有罪となり流刑に処された。
- Later on, TOMO no Yoshio and his son fell under suspicion as the result of a tip from an informant, they were later convicted and faced banishment.
- また、略奪、暴行、放火、強姦や殺戮のような戦争犯罪が行われた記録も多い。
- Moreover, there were many recorded incidents of war crimes such as pillage, violent assaults, arson, rapes and massacres.
- 藤原秀衡の四男高衡も投降後相模国に流罪となり樋爪一族と行動をともにした。
- Takahira, the fourth son of FUJIWARA no Hidehira, was exiled to Sagami Province too after he surrendered, and took the same path as the Hizume family clan.
- その後の治承4年(1180年)12月になって、ようやく罪を許されている。
- He was finally pardoned in December 1180.
- 近藤重蔵を罪人として預かったが、光寧は重蔵を丁重に扱ったと言われている。
- It is said that Mitusyasu treated Juzo KONDO courteously, who was put under Mitsuyasu's charge as a criminal.
- だが、嘉祥元年(848年)に親族和気斉之の罪に連座して土佐国に流された。
- In 848, however, he was displaced to Tosa Province as joint-punishment for his relative WAKE no Tadayuki's crime.
- また、僧・道鏡の皇位継承問題にからんで流罪になったことでも知られている。
- It is also known that he became embroiled in the issue of succession to the Imperial Throne involving the monk Dokyo and subsequently sent into exile.
- 中将姫はこの継母から執拗ないじめを受け、ついには無実の罪で殺されかける。
- Chujo Hime had been continuously abused by this stepmother and nearly killed because of an innocent sin at last.
- 建久4年(1193年)3月12日、後白河天皇の一周忌により罪を許される。
- On April 22 in 1193, he was pardoned because of the first anniversary of Emperor Goshirakawa's death.
- 事件は未遂に終わり、藤原良継一人が責任を負ったため罪には問われなかった。
- The incident failed, and FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu accepted sole responsibility, so Yakamochi was not accused of the crime.
- 昭和11~12年(1936~37年)頃(諸伝あり)、不敬罪で起訴される。
- Around 1936 or 1937 (there are several theories), he was indicted for defamation of royalty.
- 八虐においては第4位、家庭内の問題に纏わる問題では最も重い罪とされている。
- Among hachi-gyaku it ranked fourth and was regarded as the most serious crime among the problems involving a family.
- 罪自体の軽重とは別に一切の社会的特権を剥奪され、恩赦の対象からも外された。
- Apart from the gravity of a crime, all social privileges were deprived and also no amnesty was granted.
- 伴部として価格を検査する価長、市での犯罪者を取り締まる物部などが置かれた。
- Kacho who inspected prices as tomobe (Servant of the Court administering a group) and monobe who cracked down on criminals in the cities were staffed.
- その内容も武断的で厳罰と威嚇をもって犯罪を抑圧する事に重点が置かれていた。
- Its content was based on militarism that emphasized to suppress crimes by punishment and intimidation.
- このため、翌同4年(1102年)12月、朝廷は義親を隠岐国へ流罪と決める。
- For this reason Chotei decided to deport Yoshichika to Oki Province in December of the following year, 1102.
- 江戸時代では関所破りは重罪で関守(この場合富樫)にも重い罪科が科せられた。
- In the Edo Period, breaking through a barrier was a felony, and even the barrier keeper (Togashi in this case) was subject to severe punishment.
- 恋に心を奪はれて、お家の大事と聞いたとき、重きこの身の罪科(つみとが)と、
- How sinful I am to bring harm to the family I serve just because I was blinded by love.
- 武士ではないので罪に問われることはなく、洛北東山の麓の吉田の地に置かれた。
- Since she was not a Samurai, she was not punished, she was sent to Yoshida in Higashiyama in Rakuhoku (the northern part of Kyoto).
- 翌年には二条親政派の重鎮・経宗が帰京を許され、時忠・源資賢が流罪となった。
- In the following year, Tsunemune, the leading figure of Nijo's directly ruled government force, was allowed to go back to his hometown, and Tokitada and MINAMOTO no Sukekata were banished.
- なお、軽い感謝・お願い・謝罪の意思を表す時も片手で手刀状にすることがある。
- A chopping motion using one hand can be seen when a person expresses slight gratitude, a request or an apology.
- 天和 (日本)1年(1681年)越後騒動により断罪された松平綱国を預かる。
- In 1681, he looked after Tsunakuni MATSUDAIRA who was convicted of the Echigo sodo (in-house strife in Echigo Province).
- 捕虜となって陸奥国江刺に流罪となり、通政は斬られ、所領の多くは没収された。
- After they captured, Michinobu was exiled to Esashi County, Mutsu Province, and Michimasa was slashed to death, and then, many of the territories were forfeited.
- しかし戦後は罪を許されて徳川家康、徳川秀忠らに仕えて本領を安堵されている。
- However, he was pardoned after the war, served Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Hidetada TOKUGAWA, and was approved the ownership of his inherited estate.
- 笠置山は同年9月に落城、後醍醐は逃亡するが捕えられ、隠岐国へ流罪になった。
- His forces surrendered at Mt. Kasagi in October of the same year and Emperor Godaigo escaped but was captured and exiled to Oki Province.
- -- 根の国・底の国に持ち込まれたもろもろの禍事・罪・穢れをさすらって失う
- She takes all the evils, sins, and vice brought into Nenokuni/Sokonokuni and disperses them throughout the underworld.
- 天つ罪・国つ罪(あまつつみ・くにつつみ)とは、神道における罪の観念である。
- 'Amatsu tsumi' and 'Kunitsu tsumi' are concepts of crime in in the Shintoism.
- 後段では、そのような祓を行うと、罪・穢れがどのように消滅するかが語られる。
- In the latter part of oharae no kotoba, it is described how sins and impurities are extinguished.
- 長元7年(1034年) 母の従弟の藤原経輔を随身に叩かせた罪で官職を解任。
- In 1034, he was deprived of his rank and position for having his guard hit FUJIWARA no Tsunesuke, his mother's cousin.
- 事は未遂に終わり、伊賀の方は尼将軍北条政子の命によって伊豆国へ流罪となる。
- Her attempt ended in failure, and Iga no kata was exiled to Izu Province by the order of ama shogun (nun shogun) Masako HOJO.
- 刑が確定した罪人は伝馬町牢屋敷から出された後、縄で縛られて馬に乗せられる。
- A criminal whose sentence was finalized, after being brought out of Tenma-cho prison, was bound with rope and put on the back of a horse.
- そもそも朝鮮側は、江華島事件に関する謝罪と賠償が交渉のテーマだと考えていた。
- Korea thought from the beginning that the theme of negotiations would be an apology and compensation for the Ganghwa Island incident.
- 7世紀~8世紀に政争の末、謀反・謀叛の罪によって殺害された貴族は少なくない。
- As a result of political strife, many noblemen were killed for the charge of muhon between the seventh and eighth centuries,
- この築堤工事の途中、甲賀衆の担当部分が崩れたため、甲賀衆が改易流罪となった。
- In the middle of this construction of the bank, the part under Kogashu's responsibility broke, so that Kogashu was punished with Kaieki (forfeit rank of Samurai and properties) and exile.
- ところが、郷安は微罪であるとして加藤清正にその身柄を預けられるだけであった。
- But he determined that Satoyasu had committed merely a petty crime and placed him in the custody of Kiyomasa KATO.
- 上皇方に参陣した為義は乱後に死罪となり、為義の子の源為朝は流罪に処せられた。
- Tameyoshi, who fought on the side of the retired Emperor, was executed after the War and his son, MINAMOTO no Tametomo was banished.
- 杖の回数と同じ斤量の銅を納めることで罪を回避すること(贖銅)も可能であった。
- It was also possible to avoid punishment by paying copper coins weighing the equivalent to the number of strokes of the cane (shokudo, or atonement by copper).
- このために7日間も暴風雨が続いたため、小栗は罪を着せられ常陸の国に流された。
- This fighting brought about a rainstorm, which continued for seven days, and Oguri was accused of this and exiled to Hitachi Province.
- 西行は、「美しさゆえに人をひきつけるのが桜の罪なところだ」という歌を詠んだ。
- Saigyo composed a poem, expressing that the beauty of the cherry blossoms attracts people, and that is the sin of the flowers.
- 法然(承元の法難により、僧を流罪とするには俗人でなければならなかったため。)
- Honen (he returned to secular life for Jogen no honan [an event in which four apprentices of Honen were executed and seven others including Honen and Shinran were banished by the Retired Emperor Gotoba] because a monk had to become a layman when he was to be condemned to exile.)
- それに伴う犯罪の増加など、現代まで続く都市問題が見られるようになった。
- This led to urban problems, such as rising crime, which still continue to the present day.
- 後醍醐は幕府に釈明して赦されたものの、側近の日野資朝は佐渡島へ流罪となった。
- Godaigo vindicated himself to the bakufu and was pardoned, but his close adviser Suketomo HINO was exiled to Sadoga-shima Island.
- 義朝の三男の頼朝が伊豆国蛭ヶ小島に流罪になっていた時期、仲綱は伊豆守だった。
- When Yoshitomo's third son, Yoritomo, was on Hiruga-kojima Island in Izu Province because of deportation, Nakatsuna was the director of that province.
- 843年(承和10年)散位従五位上のとき謀反の罪により伊豆国へ配流となった。
- In 843 when he was Sani (a courtier without position) Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), he was accused of rebellion and banished to Izu Province.
- 1864年には、流罪であった西郷の復帰を嘆願し、召還使となって渡島している。
- In 1864, he pleaded for the return of SAIGO, who had been in exile, and visited the island as a messenger to recall him.
- 9月22日、応天門の変の罪人との血縁から連座の適用を受け土佐国へ配流となる。
- September 22: Banished to Tosa Province for allegedly being implicated in the Otenmon incident due to blood relationship with a main culprit.
- 『日本書紀』は7月24日の条文で「左右大臣諸々の罪人を探り捕らえた」と記す。
- In an article of August 25 of 'Nihon shoki'(Chronicles of Japan), it was written that 'investigated and captured sinners such as Sadaijin, Udaijin, and so on.'
- 天平11年(739年)3月、石上乙麻呂と関係して和姦の罪で下総国に流された。
- In April, 739, she was deported to Shimousa no kuni (Shimousa Province) for an adultery she committed with ISONOKAMI no Otomaro.
- 帰京後、多くの兵を消費した罪により処断されることとなったが、罪を免じられた。
- When he returned the capital, he was sentenced to imprisonment for the loss of legions of soldiers but pardoned.
- 「雪冤」とは「無実の罪をはらす」の意で、書家・貫名海屋の書になるものである。
- Setsuen,' which means 'to prove one's innocence,' was written by calligrapher Kaioku NUKINA.
- しかし、承平7年(937年)4月、朱雀天皇元服の大赦で罪を許され5月に帰国。
- In May 937, however, he was permitted after given amnesty by Emperor Suzaku on the celebration of his attainment of manhood, and he returned to his home in June.
- そのため、微罪の者を牛裂き、釜茹での刑に処するなどの強権政治を行なっている。
- This is why Dosan ruled by forcible measures such as killing petty criminals by splitting their bodies using bulls or boiling them in a big iron pot.
- ただし道安と少庵は利休死罪とともに蟄居し、千家は一時取り潰しの状態であった。
- However, Doan and Shoan were forced to seclude themselves at the death of Rikyu, and the SEN family went into decline for a while.
- その夜源氏の夢に藤壺があらわれ、罪が知れて苦しんでいると言って源氏を恨んだ。
- That night Fujitsubo appeared in Genji's dream, telling him that she was distressed because her sin was revealed, and she was feeling bitter against him.
- 入鹿は倒れて天皇の御座へ叩頭して言った「私に何の罪があるのか。お裁き下さい」。
- Iruka fell over and said to the empress by prostrating himself 'What did I do to deserve this treatment? Please punish them.'
- 呪術で害そうとするのは、謀反ではなく妖書妖言を造り用いる罪で、流刑以下となる。
- A person who attempted to damage someone by a spell, would be sentenced to banishment or a lighter punishment, for the charge of creating and using evil words.
- 私的所有に伴う罪を自覚するようになった豪族個人の新たな精神的支柱が求められた。
- The local ruling family started to become aware of the guilt owing private property and sought a new personal emotional prop.
- 後に謀反・謀叛と同義になる大逆も、律では陵墓や宮闕の損壊という別の罪であった。
- '大逆 (taigyaku)', which became synonymous with 'muhon' later, indicated a different crime (damaging the imperial tomb or imperial palace) in ritsu.
- そして建永元年(1206年)、遵西とともに流罪に処せられ、法然より破門された。
- Eventually in 1206 he was expelled together with Junsai and was excommunicated by Honen.
- 親鸞が越後へ流罪になる際、荒波に揺れる船の中で一心に念仏を唱えた話に由来する。
- This event originated from an anecdote of Shinran that when he was transported to Echigo (currently Niigata Prefecture), he chanted intently in a ship which weltered heavily in a rough sea.
- また、手裏剣は所持しているだけで銃刀法もしくは軽犯罪法に抵触する可能性がある。
- In addition, the possession of shuriken alone may be in breach of the Sword and Firearms Control Law or the Minor Offense Act.
- 1629年、幕府は、沢庵ら幕府に反抗した高僧を出羽国や陸奥国への流罪に処した。
- In 1629, the bakufu exiled Takuan and other high priests who rebelled against the bakufu to the Provinces of Dewa and Mutsu.
- 結局6月12日 (旧暦)に柴司が謝罪の意で切腹し、両者の関係悪化は回避された。
- At last on June 12 (old calendar), Tsukasa SHIBA committed seppuku as a gesture of apology, preventing the relationship between the Aizu clan and the Tosa clan from being damaged.
- その際、後白河院から源姓を賜与されて名も「以仁王」と改められ、流罪が下された。
- During this battle, he was given the surname of Minamoto by the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, was renamed the Prince Mochihito and was doomed into exile.
- 見廻組は新選組と共に一般犯罪者ではなく、反幕府勢力の取り締まりを専門に行った。
- Along with Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate), Mimawarigumi specialized in clamping down on those forces which opposed the bakufu, and not offenders.
- 具体的内容は記されていないが、罪に問われた官人の役職から、官物横領と思われる。
- There is no concrete content described, however, considering the posts of the accused official, it seems to have been embezzlement of kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes).
- 大国主命は死者の魂を審判し、その現世での功罪に応じて褒賞懲罰を課すとしている。
- Okuninushi no Mikoto judges the soul of the deceased and gives reward or punishment depending on merits and demerits in the land of the living.
- しかも重臣の土居宗珊を無実の罪で殺したために信望を失い、ますます乱行を続けた。
- In addition, he killed his chief retainer Sosan DOI on a false charge which made other retainers lose their trust in him, and it drove him to continue misconduct.
- 平人が無礼などを理由に非人を7人殺すと、平人1名を殺したのと同等の罪に問われた。
- For a Heijin, the crime of killing one Heijin was equal to killing seven Hinins because of impertinence.
- 以降、1870年(明治3年)まで続々と長崎の信徒たちは捕縛されて流罪に処された。
- Thereafter, until 1870, Christians in Nagasaki were captured and sentenced to deportation one after another.
- 平民計佐(ケーサ)と士族6名も1~5年の懲役刑に処せられたが、死罪者はなかった。
- Six people including Heimin Kesa and Shizoku were also imprisoned for one to five years, but none were sentenced to death.
- 「一、吉良上野介家臣達で戦わなかった者は侍とは認められないので斬罪に処すべき。」
- 3, Kira Kozuke no Suke's retainers who did not participate in the battle cannot be acknowledge as samurai and thus should be sentenced to decapitation.
- 錦織は、家宅侵入罪に問われ禁固処分を受けるとともに、偏執的な行動が批判を受ける。
- NISHIGORI was accused of unlawful entry and was punished by imprisonment, and the public criticized his actions as paranoia.
- 当時はまだフグ中毒事件を起こした調理師に刑事裁判で有罪判決が下ることは稀だった。
- Back then, it was rare for the chef, who caused puffer fish poisoning, to be found guilty in a criminal trial.
- そして、7日目を人の日(人日)とし、犯罪者に対する刑罰は行わないことにしていた。
- The seventh day was designated as the day of the human being, and punishment on the criminals was avoided on the day.
- すると、念々に80億劫の生死の罪業を滅除し、金の蓮華を見て往生することができる。
- Soon after, they can be granted a pardon for their 800 million atrocious crimes and go to the Pure land seeing golden lotus flowers.
- 検挙された学生のうち38名が治安維持法および出版法違反・不敬罪により起訴された。
- 38 of the students who had been arrested were prosecuted for violation of the Maintenance of Public Order Law and publishing law, as well as lese majesty.
- 764年(天平宝字8年)藤原仲麻呂の乱で連座の罪に問われ、壱岐国に配流となった。
- He was accused of complicity in the revolt of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro and was exiled to Iki Province in 764.
- その後、重政は罪を許されて再び常陸国、遠江国に1万5000石の所領を与えられた。
- Later, Shigemasa was pardoned and again granted fiefs of 15,000 koku in rice in Hitachi Province and Totomi Province.
- 大乗の戒律では、どのような重罪でも懺悔 によって原則として許されるようになった。
- In the precepts of the Mahayana Buddhism, any serious sin was forgiven, in principle, by confession.
- しかし、その怪力=力芸を将軍家にみせたところ、その罪を許され、所領を与えられた。
- However, when giving a performance using his herculean power, Chikaie was finally granted amnesty and territories by the Shogun family.
- これに対して、師輔は「罪の疑わしきは軽きに従い、賞の疑わしさは重きをみるべきだ。
- Morosuke, on the other hand, stated: 'When in doubt about the offense, consider giving the lighter sentence; and when in doubt about the merit, consider giving the higher award.
- ただこの場合、そもそも罪とされなかった赤兄との処分の違いについては説明されない。
- However, in this theory, there are no explanations about the difference of how to be dealt with between SOGA no Akae, who was not convicted, and SAKAIBE no Kusuri.
- 4月14日(5月13日)、久努臣麻呂は天皇の命令に反した罪で、官位を剥奪された。
- On May 13 of the same year, KUNU no Maro was deprived of his official court rank in the name of his disobedience to imperial orders.
- 吉祥天女画像を本尊として、1年の吉祥招福・天下泰平・滅罪消滅などを祈願する法要。
- Revering the portrait of Kichijoten as Honzon, the temple provides visitors with Hoyo (memorial service) so that they can pray for Kissho Shofuku (for good luck) and universal peace, and ask forgiveness for their sins, etc. throughout the year.
- 『平家物語』によると、信仰心の厚かった康頼は流罪にあたり出家入道し性照と号した。
- According to 'Heike Monogatari' (the Tale of the Heike), on being banished, the ever pious Yasuyori entered into priesthood and took the name Shosho.
- 日本以外では皇帝や王に叛逆し、また謀叛をくわだてた犯罪を、大逆罪と呼ぶことがある。
- Outside of Japan, crimes of treason and rebellion against Emperor or King are sometimes called high treason.
- 刑務官刑務官の抱える諸問題や死刑執行人概説といった犯罪者と関わる職業も世襲が多い。
- Heredity often also applies to such occupations as prison officers and executioners, as seen in social problems found among prison officers or the summary of executioners.
- また、歴代藩主の多くが大坂城加番などの役職を歴任したり、罪人の預かりを務めている。
- And, many successive lords of the domain successively held posts such as Osaka-jo-kaban (a post to guard Osaka-jo Castle) and so on, and engaged in the custody of criminals.
- 一 関白、伝奏並ニ奉行職事等申渡ス儀、堂上地下ノ輩相背クニ於テハ流罪トナスベキ事。
- 一 関白、伝奏並ニ奉行職事等申渡ス儀、堂上地下ノ輩相背クニ於テハ流罪トナスベキ事。
- 『続日本紀』には罪状についての記録はないが、川継の事件に連座したものと考えられる。
- There is no record about Uona's crime in 'Shoku Nihongi,' however, it is thought that he was implicated in Kawatsugu's incident.
- 皇太子は直ちに辞表を天皇に奉ったが、皇太子には罪はないものとして一旦は慰留される。
- The crown prince tendered a resignation immediately to the emperor, but the emperor initially persuaded him to stay in his post by saying that the fault did not lie with the crown prince.
- しかし予審決定書では「私有財産制度の破壊」について同法第2条の協議罪が適用された。
- However, according to the decision in writing of a preliminary examination, Kyogizai (a crime of having conference) in the article 2 of the Maintenance of Public Order Law was applied for 'demolition of private property.'
- この時点では男爵であり、押収された旧制中学時代の日記帳の一節により不敬罪とされた。
- He was a Baron at this time and sentenced to lese majesty because of a part of his impounded diary he had written when he was in junior high school under the old system of education.
- 結局、美濃部は不敬罪の疑いにより取り調べを受け(起訴猶予)、貴族院議員を辞職した。
- He ended up being inspected on suspicion of lese majesty (suspension of prosecution) and resigned as a member of the House of Peers.
- 内部には、お白洲があり裁判が行われ、罪人を閉じこめた部屋(いぶし牢)も残っている。
- Inside the house, there remains a court of law and a room for locking up criminals (ibushiro jail).
- ところが12月に突如として延暦寺が院近臣・藤原成親の流罪を要求して強訴を起こした。
- In December, however, Enryaku-ji Temple suddenly presented a direct petition demanding the exile of FUJIWARA no Narichika, who was an In no Kinshin (the retired Emperor's courtier).
- 安元3年(1177年)4月、延暦寺が加賀守・藤原師高の流罪を要求して強訴を起こす。
- In May 1177, Enryaku-ji Temple made a direct petition requiring exile of FUJIWARA no Morotaka, who was Kaga no kami (governor of Kaga Province).
- 乱は大海人皇子の勝利におわり、8月25日に重罪とされた近江朝廷の重臣が処分された。
- The war ended with Prince Oama's victory and senior vassals of the Omi Imperial Court was punished for serious crimes on August 25.
- 第一審(京都地裁)、控訴審(大阪高裁)ともに、被告人を有罪としたため、被告人は上告。
- The defender was found guilty both at the first trial (Kyoto District Court) and the appeal court (Osaka High Court), so he argued jokoku appeal.
- さらにその後、郷安は早々と罪を許されて三成と懇意にあった小西行長の家臣となっている。
- Satoyasu was immediately given a pardon and became the vassal of Yukinaga KONISHI, who had a close relationship with Mitsunari.
- 太政官は7月25日に決裁し、7月27日に6名は判決を言い渡され、即日、斬罪となった。
- The Daijokan made the decision on July 25, sentenced the 6 assassins on July 27, and they all were executed by decapitation.
- だが、この処刑器具には欠陥があり、わずか2年しかつかわれず絞罪器械図式に変更された。
- Since the equipment had defect, it was used only for 2 years and later drawing (Kozaikikaizushiki) specification of equipment for judicial hanging was introduced.
- 同年5月29日、罪を許されて領地は戻され、翌年6月23日には三上藩知事に任じられた。
- On July 18 in the same year Taneki was released from the punishment to recover his territory, and on July 31 in the following year he assumed office as governor of the Mikami Domain.
- 朝廷はこれを微罪とし、翌承平7年(937年)4月に恩赦が出され、将門は東国へ帰った。
- The Imperial Court charged Masakado with a petty offendence and, in April of the following year (937), Masakado was pardoned and allowed to return to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan and particularly the Kanto region).
- かくして、金五十両は勘平に直接渡らず盗賊を経由したがために、犯罪の金となってしまう。
- Thus, 50 ryo becomes stolen money because it went through the hands of a robber rather than directly into Kanpei's hands.
- この男は盗みの罪で処刑されるところを信玄と瓜二つだったことから信廉に助けられていた。
- The man, who was about to be executed for theft, was saved by Nobukado because he was the spitting image of Shingen.
- 重続の一族は織部の罪が及ぶべき所を特に赦されて、豊後岡藩中川家の家老として存続した。
- Shigetsugu's family was absolved of Oribe's crime and continued as chief retainer to the Nakagawa household in the Oka Clan, in Bungo Province.
- 諸外国におけるカルテル同様、商行為上の犯罪行為として摘発されるようになってきている。
- As in the case of cartels in other countries, this method came to be disclosed as a criminal act in commercial transactions.
- 公務執行妨害罪を理由とした事件を中心に逮捕者が出るほどの騒ぎに発展した市町村もある。
- In some municipalities, such rampage developed to the extent of arresting rampaging youths for obstructing officers from performing their duty.
- 江戸参勤中の正則が謝罪し、修繕した部分を破却するという条件で一旦は沙汰止みになった。
- Although this case was once settled down on the condition where Masanori, who was in attendance for his duty in Edo, would apologize and remove the repaired parts of the castle.
- -- 速開津媛命がもろもろの禍事・罪・穢れを飲み込んだのを確認して根の国に息吹を放つ
- He confirms that Hayaakitsuhime swallowed all the evils, sins, and vice and breathes those evils, sins, and vice to 'Nenokuni' (the underworld).
- 祓詞ではこの祓戸大神に対し「諸諸の禍事罪穢有らむをば祓へ給ひ清め給へ」と祈っている。
- The harae kotoba prayer to the Haraedo no Okami is, 'If there are evils, sins, and vice in the world, please purify the world'
- 父信西は殺害され、さらに戦後、戦乱を招いた責任によりその子息は悉く流罪に処せられる。
- His father, Shinzei, was killed and then after the war, Shinzei's sons were made to take responsibility and banished.
- 惟栄が宇佐神宮を焼き討ちした罪を軽減されたのも、彼や義経の工作によるものと言われる。
- It is said that Koreyoshi's punishment for attacking and burning down Usa-jingu Shrine was lightened due to Yoshitsune and Yoritsune's doing.
- 私鋳銭の製造は極めて重い罪に位置づけられ、恩赦などの対象からも外される事例も見られた。
- Production of shichusen was considered an extremely serious crime, as in some cases, the producers of shichusen were not included when pardons were granted.
- 犯罪者の更生という目的もあった(作業に応じて小遣銭が支給され、改悛した者は釈放された。
- One goal of the policy was to rehabilitate criminals (they earned small salaries from their labor, and those who repented of their crimes would be released. Convicts on Sadoga-shima Island, much like those at the work-houses of Tsukudajima Island, were given one type of labor to perform, and so if they showed contrition they would receive a tiny sum as savings and, after many years, would be allowed to return to their hometowns), but drainage work was extremely heavy labor, and drainage laborers were so cruelly exploited that it was said they could not survive for more than three years.
- ただし収容された無宿は元々犯罪者崩れだったため、様々な問題を引き起こすことも多かった。
- However, the homeless who were accomodated there used be criminals, so they often caused troubles as follows:
- 農民らも、あくまで全員無罪をかちとるために、無罪となった47名を含む全被告が上告した。
- All forty-seven defendants including those who were found innocent also appealed acquittals of all defendants to the Supreme Court.
- しかし大衆が帰山した途端に態度は一変、事件の対応にあたった時忠・平信範の流罪を命じた。
- However as soon as the priests left the mountain, the situation and the attitude changed dramatically, Goshirakawa ordered Tokitada and TAIRA no Nobunori to be banished.
- これに対し、対馬藩主・宗義成は忠告のみでお咎めなし、密告した柳川は津軽へ流罪とされた。
- For this, the bakufu only admonished Yoshinari SO, the lord of the Tsushima Domain without any penalty, but Yanagawa who blew the whistle was exiled to Tsugaru.
- 江戸時代までたびたび盗掘の被害に遭った古墳の一で、犯人は流罪・磔などに処されたという。
- It is said that this tumulus was robbed several times by the Edo period and the culprits were exiled or crucified.
- 4代の新田政義は、京都大番役での上京中に幕府に無断で出家した罪で御家人役を剥奪される。
- The fourth family head, Masayoshi NITTA was deprived of an office of gokenin because of a charge that he became a priest without prior consent of the bakufu during his stay in Kyoto as the Kyoto obanyaku (a job to guard Kyoto).
- 討伐の対象になるところを上杉憲定たちの助命活動が実を結び、義満への上洛謝罪で赦された。
- Although it was worth subjugation, Norisada UESUGI and so on asked for his life and he was forgiven by going up to Kyoto and apologizing Yoshimitsu.
- 一説では流罪の身となった頼朝を伊豆へ運んだのは、頼政の配下の摂津国の渡辺氏だとされる。
- There was a theory that the deported Yoritomo was transported to Izu by the Watanabe clan of Settsu Province which was at that time was controlled by Yorimasa.
- 関係者の処罰が決まり、首謀者の西光は斬首、成親は備前国に流罪となる(後に謀殺される)。
- When the punishments were decided, Saiko, who had led the conspiracy, was beheaded, and Narichika was exiled to Bizen Province (and later murdered).
- 建久8年(1197年)に罪を許されて帰京する際には、頼朝から様々な贈り物を与えられた。
- When Masatsune was forgiven and returned to Kyoto in 1197, Yoritomo gave him various gifts.
- そしてそのような国の国民が犯してしまう罪の内容を「天つ罪・国つ罪」として列挙している。
- Next, sins committed by the people of the country are listed as 'amatsu-tsumi' (heavenly sins) and 'kunitsu tsumi' (sins other than amatsu-tsumi).
- 石川麻呂は無実であり冤罪(えんざい)であったとされるが、事件の真相については諸説ある。
- It is said that Ishikawamaro was innocent and falsely accused, but there are various views on the truth about the incident.
- このとき、信長は坪内に対して「料理がうまければ罪を許して料理人として雇う」と約束した。
- At the time Nobunaga promised him that 'If you cook well I will forgive your sin and hire you as a cook.'
- 昭和12年(1937年)12月11日、逮捕者15名中竹内巨麿のみが不敬罪で起訴される。
- On December 11, 1937, only Kiyomaro TAKEUCHI out of fifteen people arrested, was prosecuted for defamation of royalty.
- 元禄2年(1689年)2月27日:病馬を捨てたとして陪臣14名・農民25名が神津島へ流罪
- On February 27th, 1689, 14 indirect vassals and 25 farmers were exiled to Kozu island due to abandonment of sick horses.
- 桓武天皇の崩御後の大同 (日本)元年(806年)川継は罪を許されて従五位下に復している。
- In 806, after the death of Emperor Kenmu, the crime of Kawatsugu was forgiven and he returned to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 若し人、一の悪言を以って在家出家の法華経を読誦する者を毀訾(きし)せん、其の罪甚だ重し」
- If a person libels lay and live-in believers who read the Hoke-kyo Sutra with a curse, his sin would be very heavy.'
- そもそも死罪は薬子の変以来200年以上行われていなかったが、信西が復活させたものである。
- The death penalty, in the first place, had not been imposed for more than 200 years since the Kusuko Incident (Kusuko-no-Hen), but it was reinstated by Shinzei.
- 翌年幸徳秋水らの処刑後、事件発生の責任を負って桂首相らとともに待罪書(辞表)を提出する。
- Next year, after execution of Shunsui KOTOKU, he and Prime Minister Katsura submitted a letter of resignation to assume responsibility for the occurrence of the incident.
- しかしその豪勇を政元から惜しまれて助命され、永正2年(1505年)には罪を許されている。
- Masamoto spared Tomotsune's life, however, because of his great bravery, he was eventually forgiven in 1505.
- 上皇は二人を面前に引き据えて拷問した上、惟方を長門国、経宗を阿波国にそれぞれ流罪とした。
- The Cloistered Emperor tortured their faces, and banished Korekata and Tsunemune to Nagato Province and Awa Province, respectively.
- 祝詞においては、罪穢れは根の国に押し流すとしていたり、悪霊邪鬼の根源とされたりしている。
- In a Shinto prayer, sin and impurity were washed away to the Nenokuni, and it was considered the root of evil spirits and noxious vapor.
- 同年、藩主に就いた井伊直憲は、文久2年(1862年)直弼の罪を問われ10万石を減封された。
- In the same year, Naonori II became the lord of domain, and in 1862, his yield was reduced by 100,000 koku because he was accused of Naosuke's sins.
- 島田らは刀を捨てて、同日、大久保の罪五事と、他の政府要人の罪を挙げた斬奸状を手に自首した。
- Shimada and others abandoned their swords, and on the same day, they surrendered themselves to the police, handing over their zankanjo which included the five crimes of Okubo and those of other important governmental persons.
- 5月15日、平氏は以仁王を臣籍降下させ、「源以光」と改めた上で、土佐国への流罪を決定した。
- On the sixteenth day of the sixth month (fifteenth day of the fifth month in lunar calendar), the Taira clan decided to have prince Mochihito expelled from the imperial family and made a private citizen, to change his name to 'MINAMOTO no Mochimitsu' and moreover to banish him to Tosa province.
- 足利満兼を謀叛に誘った今川了俊は幕府から討伐の命を受けたために上洛して謝罪し、助命された。
- Ryoshun IMAGAWA, the one who had urged Mitsukane to revolt against the shogunate, was made the target of a search and destroy order from the shogunate, and because of this proceeded to the capital and apologized, for which he was granted clemency.
- そして義高も死罪が免れないと察して鎌倉を脱出する際に、幸氏は身代わりとなって義高を逃がす。
- When Yoshitaka considered that he could not evade capital crime and got away from Kamakura, Yukiuji let Yoshitaka escape by sacrificing himself.
- 田中六郎左衛門は京極家の者として死罪を免れ得たものの、自ら志願して同時に処刑されたという。
- Reportedly, Rokuzaemon TANAKA could avoid death penalty as the vassal of the Kyogoku family, but he voluntarily submitted to be executed at the same time.
- このときは同時に多数の国司・官人が弾劾されており、天皇は罪があったものを戒めつつ大赦した。
- In this incident, there were a great number of Kokushis and government officials who were impeached, and the emperor gave an admonishment to the criminals and granted amnesty afterwards.
- 文久2年(1862年)には、奄美大島流罪の西郷召還を大久保とともに島津久光に嘆願している。
- In 1862 he and Okubo petitioned Hisamitsu SHIMAZU for the release and return of Saigo who had been exiled to Amami-oshima Island to the domain.
- 息子の筑紫君葛子は、糟屋(現・福岡県糟屋郡)の屯倉をヤマト政権に献上したため死罪を免れた。
- His son, Tsukushinokimikuzuko, escaped the capital crime by presenting miyake (Imperial-controlled territory) of Kasuya (Kasuya-gun, Fukuoka Prefecture, as of now) to the Yamato regime.
- しかし、宗教の教義をめぐる争論であることも考慮し、100日間閉門という微罪処分で済ませた。
- However considering that this was a conflict in relation to religious creed, the Nishihongan-ji Temple only faced minor punishment which involved closing the temple for one hundred days.
- 延鎮より殺生の罪を説かれ、観音に帰依して観音像を祀るために自邸を本堂として寄進したという。
- However, after being preached about the sin of killing by Enchin, Tamuramaro became a believer of Kannon and donated his residence as the Hondo main hall (main sanctuary) to enshrine the statue of Kannon.
- 元弘3年(1333年)、後醍醐天皇流罪後も続いた反乱軍鎮圧では、摂津天王寺に戦陣している。
- In 1333, on the occasion of suppression of rebels that continued even after the Emperor Godaigo was exiled, he went to the front in Settsu Tennoji.
- 彼はそれを不服として無実を鎌倉に訴えたが、裁判は破れ、偽りを述べた罪で鎌倉で首を斬られた。
- Although he denied the allegation and pleaded his innocence to Kamakura, he lost his case and was decapitated in Kamakura for perjury.
- 夫と同様にせん子女王と何らかの争いをしたためか、長元4年(1031年)壱岐国に流罪となる。
- Like her husband, probably because she had some sort of fight with Princess Senshi, was banished to the Iki Province in 1031.
- 結局同年11月に実政は伊豆国への流罪と決定、併せて息子藤原敦宗も連座し左少弁を解官された。
- As a result, in December of the same year, Sanemasa was banished to Izu Province, and his son FUJIWARA no Atsumune was also implicated and was made to resign from Sashoben (Minor Controller of the Left).
- 加藤は少年・凶人〔ママ〕・犯罪者・極貧者と並んで婦人に選挙権を与えないことを「正理」とした。
- Kato considered it 'logical' not to give a right to vote to women as well as boys, berserk, criminals and the poor.
- 義綱の容疑は冤罪とされ、真相は不明だが『尊卑分脈』などでは義家の弟の義光を真犯人としている。
- It is said that the charge against Yoshitsuna was a false one, and the truth is unknown although 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' (a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy), etc. consider Yoshiie's younger brother Yoshimitsu as the real criminal.
- 主に境相論などの民事的な訴訟で行われたが、各種犯罪の嫌疑者個人に対して行われた例も存在する。
- Although yugisho was mainly applied to civil suits such as disputes over the boundary between territories, in some cases it was used on a suspect of various crimes.
- そして妹尾を殺した罪により自分は流罪を続けるから、かわりに千鳥を船に乗せるよう、基康に頼む。
- Then, Shunkan asked Motoyasu to have Chidori get on the boat for him as he would remain on the island for having killed Seno.
- 延暦寺の大衆は師高の流罪を求めて強訴を起こすが、後白河は強硬な態度をとり重盛に防御を命じる。
- People from Enryaku-ji Temple made a plea demanding Morotaka be banished, however Goshirakawa strongly refused this and ordered Shigemori to protect him.
- 仏教教団の戒律においては、波羅夷と呼ばれる4つの大罪を犯した僧が処される最も重い刑罰である。
- In Buddhist precepts, it is the most severe penalty for monks who committed four serious sins called Harai (the most serious offenses against the monastic code for Buddhist monks and nuns).
- いずれの修二会にも共通しているのは、本尊に対する悔過(けか=罪の懺悔告白)であることである。
- What is common to both of them is keka (confession (of one's sins)) for honzon (principal image of Buddha).
- 改定律令違式罪目中に、春画およびその類の諸器物を販売する者を笞罪に処し、また没収を付加した。
- According to the criminal laws 改定律令違式罪目 in the Meiji period, those who sell shunga or the like were punished by caning and had their shunga seized.
- 西光が師高の流罪を嘆き、強訴の張本人が明雲であるとして処罰を訴えたことが原因であったという。
- It is said that this was caused by Saiko, who saddened by the exile of Morotaka, blamed Myoun as the leader of the demonstrations and demanded punishment.
- 1207年(建永2年・承元元年)、鎌倉幕府が興福寺の強訴に従い、法然は譛岐国に流罪となった。
- In 1207, the Kamakura bakufu bowed to the demands from Kofuku-ji Temple and Honen was exiled to Sanuki Province.
- 裁判を経て刈田行為者の権利が認められれば、刈田行為は刈田狼藉として断罪されることはなかった。
- When the ownership claimed by a person who committed the karita was found to be correct and acceptable in court proceedings, his karita act did not constitute karita-rozeki and the person was not convicted.
- 中には武市のように当時の藩主山内容堂によって無実の罪を着せられ処刑された者も少なくなかった。
- Goshi such as Takechi, who was executed on false charges by the daimyo Yodo YAMAUCHI, numbered more than a few.
- 罪・穢れが消滅する様を様々な喩えで表現した後、四柱の祓戸神によって消え去る様子が述べられる。
- The process of extinction of sins and impurities is described with various metaphors, and then how these sins were extinguished by four haraedo no kami (gods for the Great Purification).
- 『続日本紀』の文武天皇3年(699年)の条には、役小角が伊豆へ流罪になったという記述がある。
- The 699-year section of 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) describes that EN no Ozunu were condemned to exile to Izu.
- 12月14日 仏名会(二月堂) 三千仏の画像を掛け仏名を唱えて礼拝し、年内の罪障消滅を祈願。
- December 14: Butsumyo-e (Nigatsu-do Hall): 3000 images of Buddha are put up and worshiped by calling their names to remove sins for the year.
- また、この裁判では、節子が虚偽の証言をしたとして能楽協会に解決金300万円を支払い謝罪した。
- Further, Setsuko apologized and paid \3M to Association for Japanese Noh Plays as a penalty for her false testimony in the trial.
- 1868年6月7日(慶応4年閏4月17日)、太政官達が示され、捕縛された信徒の流罪が示された。
- Dajokan tasshi (proclamation by the Grand Council of State) was issued on June 7, 1868 to provide for deportation for the captured Christians.
- しかし、これを日本政府の公式見解とするかどうかには議論がある(日本の戦争謝罪発言一覧も参照)。
- However, there is an argument over whether this can be taken as the Japanese government's official view or not (See the list of Japanese comments on apologies for the war).
- しかし、秀家は関ヶ原の戦いで西軍の中心武将と見られて流罪となり、大名としての宇喜多氏は滅んだ。
- However, Hideie was deemed as the leading busho (Japanese military commander) and condemned to exile and the Ukita clan, as a daimyo, was ruined.
- それに際し全国各地の民権家に檄文を送るが、大衆扇動の罪により逮捕され、懲役70日の刑を受ける。
- When it happened, Matsuzawa sent an exhortation to advocates of People's Rights; however, he was arrested for rabble-rousing and was sentenced 70 days of imprisonment with work.
- 善男は伊豆国、中庸が隠岐国に流されたほか、伴氏・紀氏らの多くが流罪に処せられた(応天門の変)。
- Yoshio was exiled in Izu Province, his son Nakatsune to Oki Province, and many of the Tomo clan and Ki clan were sentenced to deportation (Otenmon Incident).
- しかし、解剖の結果、毒殺でないことがわかり、錦織は誣告罪で重禁錮四年の刑が確定するにいたった。
- However, the autopsy proved that he had not been poisoned, therefore, Nishigori was sentenced to four years' imprisonment for a definite term for false charge.
- 翌年、広島地裁や同地で開かれた軍法会議によって日本人関係者は全員無罪となり三浦らは釈放された。
- The Hiroshima District Court as well as the court-martial held in Hiroshima the next year found all Japanese defendants not guilty, and MIURAand others were released.
- 元々は毎年6月と12月の末日に行われる大祓で、犯した罪・穢れを祓うために唱えられた祝詞である。
- It was originally a norito that was chanted in Oharae (the great purification) held on the last day of every June and December to purify sins and impurities.
- すると富子は実子の早世は今参局が呪詛したものであるとして、彼女を琵琶湖の沖ノ島に流罪に処した。
- Tomiko, then accused Imamairi no Tsubone for killing her son by putting a curse on him, and she banished her to Okinoshima Island on Lake Biwa.
- 京都の罪人を遠島に送るために高瀬川 (京都府)を下る舟に、弟を殺した喜助という男が乗せられた。
- A man named Kisuke who murdered his younger brother was on a boat on the Takase-gawa River in Kyoto that took Kyoto criminals to a distant island.
- すなわち8月20日に己を罪する詔を出し、義和団を「拳匪」あるいは「団匪」と呼び反乱軍と認定した。
- They gave out the order for punishment on August 20, and called the Boxers 'Kenpi' or 'Danpi' and labeled it as a rebel army.
- また、帳内・資人が本主の命に反して罪した場合には本主個人が杖罪以下の執行することを許されていた。
- When a lower rank officer (chonai, shijin) acted against his master's orders, the master (honshu) himself was permitted to execute a punishment lower than flogging on his own.
- 二人の争いをお梶が止めに入り、徳兵衛はお梶が以前、自身の難儀を救ってくれた恩人とわかり謝罪する。
- Okaji intervened to stop the two men from fighting, and Tokube apologized because he recognized that she had been saved from his own ordeal before.
- 過去の罪障を悔い改めるとともに、国家の繁栄や国民の幸せ、五穀豊穰などを願って営まれたものである。
- The function of this ceremony would allow the people to repent for sinful behavior, to wish prosperity for the nation, happiness to the citizens of the nation and to pray for bumper crops.
- 近現代でも、文化大革命のとき、無実の罪で糾弾された共産党員が、公衆の面前で割腹自殺した例がある。
- Even in the modern era, there are examples of Communist Party members accused of crimes that they did not commit taking their own lives by cutting their abdomens in public during the Cultural Revolution.
- 激怒した後陽成帝は、乱交に関わった全員を死罪に処せと命じたが、従来の公家の法には死罪は無かった。
- An infuriated Emperor Goyozei demanded all the participants in the promiscuous relations be sentenced to death, but no traditional law governing court nobles provided for capital punishment.
- 明治維新に氏福の罪が許されて正四位が追贈され、1884年7月8日桜井供義に子爵の位を授けられた。
- During the Meiji Restoration, Ujiyoshi was pardoned and conferred Shoshii (Senior Fourth Rank) posthumously, and on July 8, 1884, the title of viscount was bestowed upon Tomoatsu SAKURAI.
- 絶海中津は将軍家が義弘を滅ぼそうとしているとの噂を信じず、上洛して将軍家に謝罪すべきことを説く。
- Chushin ZEKKAI counseled him not to believe rumors that the shogunal family was bent on destroying Yoshihiro, and that he should make his way to the capital and apologize to the Ashikaga family for not heeding the earlier summons.
- また、同年12月に基房が太政大臣に就任したのは清盛が謝罪の気持ちで推薦したためとも言われている。
- The reason why Motofusa became Daijodaijin in December of the same year was because Kiyomori recommended him with a feeling of apology.
- 慶長14年(1609年)、後陽成天皇の女官と密通した罪により、蝦夷地へと配流される(猪熊事件)。
- In 1609, he was exiled to Ezochi (current Hokkaido) for committing adultery with a court lady serving for the Emperor Goyozei (the Inokuma Incident).
- その後も収束しなかったことから、鉄道院総裁である仙石の名前で新聞に謝罪広告が掲載されるに至った。
- Since they could not solve the troubles for a while, at last they published an apology in a newspaper under the name of Sengoku, the president of Railway Bureau.
- 鎌倉時代~室町時代成立の『曽我物語』に蝦夷の祖を流罪にされた鬼王安日とする伝承が記載されている。
- In 'Soga Monogatari' (the tale of Soga), which was established during the Kamakura through Muromachi periods, Abihiko is described as Demon King Abi who was exiled from the ancestral Ezo (northerners).
- これらの神は葦原中国のあらゆる罪・穢を祓い去る神で、大祓詞にはそれぞれの神の役割が記されている。
- The four deities purify 'Ashihara no Nakatsukuni' (Literally, 'Central Land of Reed Plains', which refers to the human world) by removing all the sins and evils; the roles of each deity are described in the 'Oharae no kotoba.'
- この対応の早さが幸いし、藩主本庄宗武及びその父である前藩主本庄宗秀(元老中)の罪は不問とされた。
- Thanks to this quick response, Munetake HONJO, the lord of domain and his father Munehide HONJO, former lord of domain (former roju (member of shogun's council of elders)), were not convicted.
- 尾崎は9月6日に参内して明治天皇に謝罪し、更に辞職をするなら一蓮托生と大隈重信首相に食いさがった。
- OZAKI visited the Imperial Palace on September 6 to apologize to the Emperor Meiji, and asked Prime Minister Shigenobu OKUMA persistently to resign together.
- 日本側は当初、朝鮮政府による謝罪と遺族への扶助料、犯人の処罰、巨済島または鬱陵島の割譲を要求した。
- The Japanese government at first requested that the Korean government make an apology, give grants to the families of the dead, punish the culprits, and cede either Geoje Island or Ulleungdo Island.
- 飢饉などで田畑を捨て江戸に流れ込んできた無宿者や入墨、敲等の処分を受けた軽罪人を約3年間収容した。
- It accomodated the homeless, who landed in Edo after abandoning fields because of famine, for instance, and minor offenders who received such punishments as tatoos and beating, for about three years.
- 9月22日、朝廷は伴善男らを応天門の放火の犯人であると断罪して死罪、罪一等を許されて流罪と決した。
- On September 22, the court found TOMO no Yoshio and others guilty of the arson of the Otenmon gate, and their punishment was banishment, rather than the death penalty or that of a first degree crime.
- その上で、仲成を捕らえて右兵衛府に監禁し、仲成を左遷し、薬子の官位を剥奪して罪を鳴らす詔を発した。
- In addition, he captured Nakanari and confined him at uhyoe-fu (Right Division of Middle Palace Guards), and issued an Imperial edict that he would demote Nakanari, deprive Kusuko of her rank at the Imperial Court and made a proclamation announcing their wrongdoings.
- 無許可の敵討の例もあったが、現地の役人が調査し、敵討であると認められなければ殺人として罪せられた。
- There were unauthorized cases of Katakiuchi as well, but if local officers investigated such a case and did not acknowledge it as Katakiuchi, the avenging party would be punished as a murderer.
- 伴健岑は隠岐国(その後出雲国へ左遷)、橘逸勢は伊豆国に流罪(護送途中、遠江国板築にて没)となった。
- TOMO no Kowamine was exiled to Oki Province (later, he was relegated to Izumo Province), while TACHIBANA no Hayanari was exiled to Izu Province (on the way to Izu Province, he died at Hozuki, Totomi Province).
- 放火や刈田による略奪、そして一般民衆や農民を奴隷として拉致する行為は戦国時代といえども犯罪である。
- Fire setting, robbery by karita (to reap rice), and kidnapping common people or farmers as slaves were criminal acts even in Sengoku Period.
- なんらかの罪を犯したり不祥事を起こしたりしたわけでもない者を后位から退けることは当然できなかった。
- As a matter of course, no one could be dismissed from the position of the empress unless she committed a crime or misconduct.
- 犯罪を犯し、捕縛された無宿は「武州無宿権兵衛」、「上州無宿次郎吉」等、出身地を冠せられて呼ばれた。
- A mushuku who had committed crime and been arrested was called by a name with prefixed name of his native place, such as 'Bushu-Mushuku-Gonbei' (homeless Gonbei from Bushu) or 'Joshu-Mushuku-Jirokichi' (homeless Jirokichi from Joshu).
- が、男色を罪とするキリスト教の教えに大内が激怒したために山口を離れ、岩国市から海路堺市へと赴いた。
- However, Ouchi became vehement about the teaching of Christianity that made male homosexuality a crime so, Xavier's party left Yamaguchi to Sakai to Iwakuni Cities via the sea route.
- 翌年には同じく朝廷に献策していた長州藩の薩摩を批判する内容の勅書を改竄すると罪を問われて辞職する。
- In the same year, he resigned after being charged for doctoring the chousho (official document issued by Emperor) stating that the domain of Choshu, who also proposed action plans to the Imperial Court, criticized Satsuma.
- 大海人皇子は「鉏鉤は功ある者である。罪なくしてなぜ自殺したのか。これは陰謀があったのか」と言った。
- Prince Oama said 'Sahichi had produced achievements, I wonder why he committed suicide with no crime; was there a conspiracy?'
- 2年後の天平神護2年(766年)11月10日に、島主に罪がないことが認められ、従五位下が贈られた。
- Two years later, on the twentieth day of the twelfth month of 766, the court admitted that Shimanushi had not been guilty of any crime, and posthumously promoted him to Jugoinoge.
- 天永2年(1111年)正月の除目で下野国守に任じられるが、以下のことが原因で佐渡島へ流罪となった。
- He was appointed as the Shimotsuke no kuni no kami at the New Year Jimoku (ceremony for appointing officials) in 1111; however, he was exiled to Sadoga-shima Island because of the following:
- 業倫の勘申により、伊勢と熊野が同体であるか否かが問題となり、断罪以上に重要な問題として関心を集めた。
- When Gyorin's kanmon was submitted, a question concerning whether or not Ise and Kumano were identical was raised and it attracted attention as the more important problem than punishment.
- 高野山降伏後に秀吉は、謀反人や犯罪者を匿うことを禁止する、受け入れていいのは世捨て人だけだと告げた。
- After the surrender of Koyasan Temple, Hideyoshi announced that they must not hide rebels and criminals and that they could accept only hermits.
- 続いて1330年(元徳2年)には天台座主に任じられるも、元弘の変により捕らえられ讃岐国に流罪となる。
- Subsequently he was appointed as the head priest of the Tendai sect of Buddhism in 1330, however he was caught at the Genko Disturbance and banished to Sanuki Province.
- 義家の長男・源義親は対馬国守に任ぜられ、その後義親は反朝廷的行為などの罪を問われて追討を受けている。
- MINAMOTO no Yoshichika, the eldest son of Yoshiie, was appointed as Tsushima-kokushu (the Lord of Tsushima Province), but later expelled after being accused of anticourt behaviors.
- 橘奈良麻呂の乱では、天皇に担ぎ出されようとした為、配流に処されそうになったが、特赦により免罪される。
- In the revolt of TACHIBANA no Naramaro, he was about to be put up for Emperor, due to which he was on the point of being exiled, however he was acquitted under an amnesty.
- 西国三十三箇所の観音菩薩を巡礼参拝すると、現世で犯したあらゆる罪業が消滅し、極楽往生できるとされる。
- It is believed that all the sins committed throughout one's lifetime would be washed away and a person would go to paradise if he/she made the pilgrimage to the thirty-three holy places of Kannon in western provinces.
- しかし、詫び証文を書いたことが水口藩主の耳に達せば、事と次第によれば公用方の断罪も逃れられなくなる。
- If the signed apology were to become known to the lord of the Minakuchi domain, Koyokata would be doomed to be convicted according to the circumstances.
- 翌宝亀元年(770年)、称徳天皇の死により道鏡とともに失脚し、三人の子とともに土佐国に流罪となった。
- In 770 the death of Emperor Shotoku caused Dokyo and Kiyohito's downfall, and Kiyohito was therefore banished to Tosa Province along with his three children.
- 乱後に義理は義満に謝罪するが、義満はこれを容れず紀伊国と美作国を没収して大内義弘と赤松義則へ与えた。
- After the war, Yoshitada apologized to Yoshimitsu, but the shogun did not accept this and forfeited the Kii and Mimasaka provinces from him and gave them to Yoshihiro OUCHI and Yoshinori AKAMATSU respectively.
- 瑞泉寺は建立以来400年間にわたり、冤罪により死罪となった豊臣秀次と一族・家臣の菩提を供養してきた。
- For 400 years since its founding, memorial services in memory of Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI whose death resulted from false criminal accusations, as well as his family and retainers have been held at Zuisen-ji Temple.
- また、十両以下の窃盗でも累犯で窃盗の前科が2度ある場合、3度目には金額に関わらず自動的に死罪となった。
- Even when the amount stolen is below 10 ryo, if the thief has two convictions for larceny, shizai is automatically imposed regardless of the amount stolen.
- 高野山には全面対決の意思はなく、朝廷に嘆願したり信長にも謝罪の使者を送ったりと和平工作を継続していた。
- Koyasan did not intend to oppose Nobunaga at all and continued pacification, such as a petition to the Imperial Court and sending a messenger to apologize to Nobunaga.
- 政治制度として天皇制を重視した大日本帝国憲法下の日本政府は大逆罪を重罪とし、死刑・極刑をもって臨んだ。
- The Japanese government, putting a great importance on the Emperor system to govern the nation under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, treated high treason as a felony and punished offenders capitally.
- 結果、清国政府は3月15日、辰丸釈放、損害賠償、謝罪礼砲、兵器買収など五ヶ条の要求を入れることとなる。
- As a result, on March 15, the Qing government accepted Japan's five demands including release of Tatsumaru, compensation for damage, ceremonial fire of bombshells and purchase of arms.
- 犯罪解(はんざいげ)…官人が徒刑・流刑に相当する罪を犯した場合の換刑や除名・免官等の処分を受けた場合。
- Hanzaige…In the case that an government official who had committed a crime corresponding to penal servitude or deportation received any alternative criminal sentence, or that he received the punishment of expulsion or dismissal.
- 尋常ならざる謝意や謝罪の意を表す場合、着座している座布団を外した上で平伏することが行われることもある。
- When showing extraordinary appreciation or apology, sometimes a person removes a zabuton before prostrating themselves on the floor.
- 上方は浄瑠璃の文言「いすかの嘴のくいちがい」を活かして、無罪が晴れる直前に死ぬという悲劇性を強調する。
- Kamigata makes the most of a wording of joruri, 'Isuka no hashi no kuichigai (Nothing goes right as it should),' and emphasizes the nature of the tragedy that he dies immediately before his innocence is proven.
- 道隆の子の藤原伊周と藤原隆家は叔父藤原道長と対立し、花山天皇に矢を射かけた罪で左遷された(長徳の変)。
- Two of Michitaka's sons, FUJIWARA no Korechika and FUJIWARA no Takaie, fell into conflict with their uncle FUJIWARA no Michinaga, and were demoted in disgrace (in what is known as the Chotoku Incident) for the crime of shooting an arrow at Emperor Kazan.
- 延喜3年(903年)、菅原道真が無実の罪で配流された大宰府で歿した後、都では落雷などの災害が相次いだ。
- After SUGAWARA no Michizane passed away in 903 in Dazaifu where he was wrongly exiled, a succession of accidents occurred in the capital Kyoto such as lightening strikes.
- 神道の「罪穢れ」のように罪と穢れを同列に扱う考え方も、古代には特殊なものではなかったと考えられている。
- It is believed that a conception of treating sin and Kegare in the same way like 'sin and Kegare' in Shinto was not a special one in ancient periods.
- また頼朝の助命の為に池禅尼が断食をし始めたため、遂に折れて伊豆国への流罪へと減刑したとも言われている。
- Besides, it is also said that Kiyomori gave in finally and commuted execution to exile to Izu Province because Ike no Zenni had begun to fast in order to beg for Yoritomo's life.
- そんな中で永享4年(1432年)元雅は伊勢で没し(暗殺説も)、同6年には世阿弥自身が佐渡に流罪となる。
- Meanwhile, Motomasa passed away at Ise in 1432 (there was an assassination theory as well), and Zeami himself was exiled to Sado in 1434.
- 殺人容疑は虚偽であったが法師側にも罪がある(暴行事実の認定か?)とされて最終的に両者ともに宥免された。
- Although the charge of killing the shokan proved false, both parties were subject to disciplinary actions given that the Buddhist priest Koretomo did commit a crime (assaulting?).
- 康和元年(1099年)に俊信の従者が罪人を仲間に奪われるという事件が発生している(『後二条師通記』)。
- In 1099, an incident occurred in which his servant on guard had deprived of the criminals by their accomplices (according to 'Gonijo Moromichi ki' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Moromichi)).
- この件で、時の内閣は対露関係の悪化をおそれ、不敬罪の適用と、被告人に対する死刑を求め司法に圧力をかけた。
- The cabinet of that time pressured the court to apply a penal code for lese majesty to this case and demanded the death penalty of the accused.
- 官奴婢には古来からのものと犯罪によって落とされた二種類があり、それぞれ60歳・76歳で良民に復帰できた。
- Kunuhi were subdivided into two types; those who inherited this status and those who had been reduced due to a penalty for a criminal act, both of which were pardoned to return to the Ryomin when they became 60 years old and 76 years old, respectively.
- なお、犯罪などに問われると除籍(じょじゃく)処分によって昇殿が停止されて殿上の間にあった簡が撤去された。
- If persons were accused of crime and so on, they were given jojaku shobun: their names were removed from a record, their shoden were canceled and the kan with their names on in the Denjo no ma was removed.
- 諸外国公使からの抗議が行われている現状を考慮するよう外交担当の小松帯刀が主張し「信徒の流罪」が決定した。
- Tatewaki KOMATSU, who was responsible for diplomacy, called for the consideration of protests by foreign ministers that the government was currently facing, and the conference adopted 'deportation of Christians.'
- 関白・武家伝奏・奉行職が申し渡した命令に堂上家・地下家の公家が従わないことがあれば流罪にするべきである。
- If the court noble from the Tosho family or the Jige family does not obey the order given by the regent, the Imperial officials in charge of communication between the bakufu and the court, or magistrates, he should be exiled.
- 僧侶の女犯は罪であったため、不真面目な僧侶などは医者や俳句の師匠の振りをして吉原遊廓に出向きなどもした。
- As Nyobon (sexual indulgence) is a sin for Buddhist monks, some infidel monks went to play at Yoshihara yukaku (red-light district) pretending to be a doctor or a master of haiku (a Japanese poem in seventeen syllables having a 5-7-5 syllabic form and traditionally containing a reference to the seasons).
- 清水寺の堂舎を破壊して神輿をかつぎ、院御所である大炊殿におしかけ興福寺の権少僧都・実覚の流罪を要求した。
- They destroyed small and large buildings of the Kiyomizu-dera Temple, carried the mikoshi (portable shrine carried in festivals), and burst into the oidono (kitchen hall), In-Gosho (the imperial palace for retired and cloistered emperors), to demand that the gon shosozu (Junior lesser prelate) Jikkaku should be banished.
- 天武天皇が亡くなった直後、皇太子につぐ皇位継承資格を持つと見られていた大津皇子が謀反の罪で死刑になった。
- Immediately after the death of Emperor Tenmu, Prince Otsu who was regarded to have succession right of the Imperial Throne after the Crown Prince was accused of a rebellion and executed.
- 一品を受けた親王は一品親王、品位を受けない(もしくは罪などで品位を剥奪された)親王は無品親王と呼ばれた。
- A Shinno who received the Ippon was called Ippon Shinno, and a Shinno who did not receive a honi (or those whose honi was stripped because of a crime) were called Muhon-Shinno (Imperial Prince without court rank).
- ただしこの意見には、平忠常の乱では忠常の息子たちも罪を得ていないので頼遠連座はあり得ないとの反論がある。
- Yet, there is an opposing opinion to it, which claims that it is unthinkable that Yorito was punished for his implication in Tadatsune's revolt on the ground that even Tadatsune's sons were not punished on this occasion.
- 1438年(永享10年)室町幕府から罪を得て去った経覚のあとを受けて大乗院に入り、以後70年間在院した。
- Entering Daijo-in Temple in 1438 to replace a priest Kyogaku who left the temple after being punished by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Jinson served following 70 years in the temple.
- しかし尚芳は、鍋島茂昌が新政府軍に提出する予定の謝罪文を添削するなど武雄の罪を免ずるために努力している。
- However, Naoyoshi made efforts to seek Takeo's exoneration by correcting Shigeharu NABESHIMA's written apology to be submitted to the new government army.
- 源氏は青海波の舞を舞いながらすだれの奥の藤壺へ視線を送り、藤壺も一瞬罪の意識を離れて源氏の美貌を認める。
- Dancing the Seigaiha play, Genji turned his eyes upon Fujitsubo sitting behind a reed screen, while she saw Genji's beautiful face, forgetting her sin for only an instant.
- 石川麻呂自身は649年に冤罪で自害し、讒言した弟の蘇我日向も大宰府に左遷させられた(口封じとの説もある)。
- Ishikawamaro himself was prompted to commit suicide when he was falsely charged in 649, and his younger brother, SOGA no Himuka, whose accusations led to his Ishikawamaro's death was demoted and transferred to Dazaifu (It is speculated that SOGA no Himuka was transferred as a means to keep him silenced.)
- 頼親は大和国の国司となり同国に勢力を拡大、その過程で興福寺などの南都勢力と武力衝突を起こして流罪となった。
- Yorichika became the kokushi (provincial governor) of the Province of Yamato, and extended his power across the Province; during this process he fought against the forces of Nanto (southern capital [Nara]), such as Kofuku-ji Temple, and was exiled.
- 女は嘆き「罪科(つみとが)は我にこそあれ小車のやるかたわかぬ子をばかくしそ」と一首詠んで戸口に貼り付けた。
- Grieving her child's disappearance, the woman composed a Japanese poem that said, 'I myself am willing to take the punishment for peeking, but the small oxcart concealed my child. I do not know how to heal this grief,' and she posted the slip, on which the poem was written, on the door of her house.
- 花山法皇は恐怖のあまり口をつぐんで閉じこもっていたが、噂が広がり伊周・隆家は太宰府や出雲国に流罪となった。
- The Cloistered Emperor Kazan was in fear and withdrew himself, and kept quiet about the incident; however, the rumor spread and Korechika and Takaie were both sentenced to deportation to Dazai fu or Izumo Province.
- 729年大将軍であった時、知太政官事舎人親王・藤原武智麻呂らと共に長屋王邸に派遣され、王の罪状を審議する。
- In 729, when he was the commander in chief, he was sent to the residence of the Prince Nagaya together with the Deputy Prime Minister, FUJIWARA no Muchimaro to deliberate on the prince's accusation.
- 八百万の神は相談し、スサノオに罪を償うためのたくさんの品物を科し、髭と手足の爪を切って高天原から追放した。
- Yaoyorozu no kami took counsel together, and Susano was made to submit vast quantities of goods in atonement, his hair was cut and his fingernails and toenails pulled off, and he was banished from Takamagahara.
- 新井は荻原を「有史以来の奸物」「極悪人」と断罪し、荻原を罷免すべきという上申書を提出すること三度におよんだ。
- Arai determined Ogiwara was 'the slyest person in history' and 'a devil' and submitted reports three times insisting on the dismissal of Ogiwara to his superior.
- しかも、応天門の変によって伴善男が流罪となり、再度当該地が没官された後に大学寮ではなく、穀倉院に編入された。
- After TOMO no Yoshio was banished due to the Otenmon incident, the above territory was once again confiscated, but it was incorporated into Kokusoin (Grain warehouse), not Daigaku-ryo.
- 奈良国立博物館所蔵の『辟邪絵』(へきじゃえ)は、罪人ではなく鬼が責め苦にあう絵巻物で12世紀後半の作である。
- 'Hekija-e' (Exorcist Scroll) possessed by Nara National Museum is the emakimono created in the latter half of the 12th century, and oni was suffering instead of a sinner in the emakimono.
- 一、是なりにて幕兵東帰せし時は、きっと朝廷へ申上げすぐさま冤罪は朝廷より御免に相成り候都合にきっと尽力との事
- Article 4 : When the war ends in stalemate and bakufu returns to the Kanto region, the Satsuma Domain shall definitely appeal to the Imperial Court to clear up the false charge of being the enemy of the emperor, which was imposed on Choshu on the occasion of Coup on August 18.
- 中央政府から指示が届いたのは翌1873年9月であるが、その文章は「スデニ絞罪処刑後蘇生ス、マタ論ズベキナシ。
- The reply from the central government was received in September 1873, in the following year, and it said 'Tosaku had already been executed but happened to regain consciousness, so it is not necessary to discuss about any longer'.
- また、西園寺は「違勅」(政争を辞めるようにとの天皇の「優詔」に違反した罪)を盾に政友会総裁の辞任を表明する。
- Saionji announced his resignation from the presidency of the Seiyukai with the pretext that 'he violated the edict' (it was his fault that he was not able to stop political disputes following the imperial edict).
- その罪を芝六の子・三作が引き被り、石子詰の刑を受けようとするが、鎌足の働きで助けられ、采女と神鏡も見つかる。
- Sansaku, son of Shibaroku, tries to take the guilt on himself and receive punishment by Ishikozume (a death penalty that buries a guilty person alive in a hole filled with stones), but he is saved by Kamatari and also Uneme and the divine mirror are found.
- 重盛の軍兵の射た矢が、神輿に当たるなどの不手際により非難の声が巻き起こり、後白河はやむなく師高を流罪にする。
- After this, there were incidents that occurred, for example, Shigemori threw an arrow and hit a portable shrine, etc, and people reacted badly to this and complained, then Goshirakawa had no choice but to order the banishment of Morotaka.
- 市中引き回しは死罪 (江戸時代) 以上の判決を受けた罪人が受ける付加刑であり、これのみの単独の刑罰ではない。
- Shichu-hikimawashi was not an independent penalty itself but was a supplementary penalty imposed on those criminals who were sentenced to beheading or graver.
- さらに顕慶5年(660年)の遼東半島征伐において漕運に失敗した罪を着せられ、59歳にして一兵卒に落とされた。
- Furthermore, he was charged the blame on the failure of transportation in the Liaodong Peninsula conquest in 660, and was demoted to the ranks at the age of fifty nine.
- その車の主が資盛であることを知った基房は慌てて使者を重盛に派遣し、謝罪して実行犯の身柄の引き渡しを申し出る。
- Once Motofusa learned that the owner of the carriage was Sukemori, he sent a messenger to Shigemori with an apology and said that he will hand over the criminals.
- 1332年(元弘2年/正慶元年)に、前年の元弘の変の戦後処理でにより後醍醐が隠岐島に流罪された時も随行した。
- In 1332, Tadaaki joined Emperor Godaigo in his exile to Oki no shima Island as punishment for the Genko Incident of 1331.
- 源義朝が平治元年(1159年)の平治の乱で平清盛に敗れ、14歳の嫡男・頼朝も清盛によって伊豆国に流罪となる。
- Since MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo was defeated by TAIRA no Kiyomori at Heiji War in 1159, Kiyomori made an order that Yoshitomo's 14-year-old heir Yoritomo be banished to Izu Province.
- だが、これを察知した青山景道は1870年(明治3年)1月12日(旧暦)に一連の共謀者を逮捕し流罪、投獄した。
- However, Kagemichi AOYAMA detected their attempt and on February 12, 1870, he arrested all co-conspirators and exiled or imprisoned them.
- ところが嘉永2年(1849年)7月、江戸幕府より預かっていた罪人の神代徳次郎に脱走されるという醜態を犯した。
- However, he gave a poor account of himself that a criminal Tokujiro Kumashiro, for whom Katsuyuki had responsibility given by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), escaped in July 1849.
- 永暦元年(1160年)6月、後白河の命を狙ったという罪状でついに光宗とともに逮捕され、薩摩国に配流となった。
- In July 1160, he was finally arrested together with Mitsumune for having attempted to kill Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, and was exiled to Satsuma Province.
- この巻狩りで曾我兄弟の仇討ちが起こり、叔父の源範頼が頼朝に謀反の疑いを受けて流罪となったのち誅殺されている。
- At this makigari, the Soga brothers' revenge took place and their uncle, MINAMOTO no Noriyori, was suspected of treason, and after being exiled Yoritomo had him executed as a criminal.
- 天正8年(1580年)、信長は林秀貞を昔の謀反の罪で追放したが、同じ罪にあった柴田勝家には罪を問わなかった。
- In 1580 Nobunaga exiled Hidesada HAYASHI because of the former sin, but he did not accuse Katsuie SHIBATA who committed the same sin.
- だが、実際に若年の為義が指揮をとっていたわけではなく、その背後には義光がいた(いわゆる「源義綱冤罪事件」)。
- In actuality, however, it was not Tameyoshi who orchestrated the massacre of Yoshitsuna's family (in what became known as the 'False Accusation of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna') but Yoshimitsu, who was directing everything behind the scenes.
- 京都で捕縛された志士たちは江戸に送致され、江戸伝馬町の獄などで詮議を受けた後、切腹・死罪など酷刑に処せられた。
- Royalists arrested in Kyoto were sent to Edo, questioned in prisons in Denma-cho, Edo and sentenced to severe punishments like Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) and capital punishment.
- 「慎機論」などによる幕政批判の罪で渡辺崋山は伝馬町入牢ののち、国元蟄居(その後自殺)、高野長英は入牢となった。
- Kazan WATANABE was put in prison in Denmacho town for criticizing the bakufu in 'Shinkiron' (personal document criticizing the bakufu) and then was confined to his house (later committed suicide), and Choei TAKANO was sent to prison.
- 軽微な犯罪を「過怠」と称して実刑の代わりに金銭などを徴収して神社や寺院、道路、橋梁などの修繕費用の一部とした。
- A minor crime was called 'katai (negligence),' which was utilized for the toward the cost of repairing shrines, temples, road and bridges by collecting money instead of imposing a prison sentence.
- 軽度犯罪者・虞犯者に対して教育的・自立支援的なアプローチを取り入れた処遇を行った点が当時としては画期的だった。
- In those days this facility was revolutionary in that educational and self-supportive approaches were taken towards minor offenders and those who were likely to commit crimes.
- 8月15日午前9時、官吏抗拒罪及び治安警察法違反に問われた逮捕者14名に対する裁判が東京地方裁判所で開かれた。
- On August 15 at 9:00 a.m., the fourteen arrested people, accused of resisting the government officials and violating the Security Police Law, were on trial at the Tokyo District Court.
- 贖銅(しょくどう、ぞくどうとも言う)は、実刑の代わりに罪相当額の銅(ないし財貨)を官司へ納入する換刑であった。
- Shokudo or zokudo is a penalty charge which was paid with copper (or money) to a government official in an amount that corresponds to the crime in exchange for imprisonment.
- そのうえ夜行列車の一等や二等客車は乗客が少ないことから、犯罪被害を受けても他人の助けを得ることが出来なかった。
- Also, since there were only a few passengers on the 1st or 2nd grade compartments of a night train, it would not have been possible to ask for help when a crime was committed.
- 武士ではあるが、町人の中に住まって犯罪捜査に従事する「不浄役人」の与力はもっと町方風の粋な銀杏髷を結っている。
- Yoriki called 'Fujo yakunin' (dirty officials), who lived among townspeople to be engaged in criminal investigation, arranged their hair more stylish similar to townspeople's Ichomage.
- 周囲の人々は神の命令に背いた罰と噂し、深く嘆いた女が神社でお詫びのお参りに行き、自分の罪と悲しみを歌に詠んだ。
- The child's disappearance was rumored by neighbors to be the reward for her disobeying the God's order, and her grief was so deep that she visited the shrine for an apology and expressed her sense of guilt and sorrow in a Japanese poem.
- ところが、8年後の承久3年(1221年)、承久の乱の敗北による後鳥羽上皇らの流罪によって治天の君が不在となる。
- However eight years later, in 1221, there was no one to rule the government as Chiten no kimi after the Retired Emperor Gotoba lost the battle of the Jokyu Disturbance and he was banished.
- 逆に、ツバキの花は花びら全てが一気に落ちるのを「首が落ちる」ことに例えられ、罪人の斬首を想像させて喜ばれない。
- On the contrary, camellia is not favored because all the camellia flower petals falling at once is compared to a 'fallen head,' and associated with beheading of a criminal.
- 検断沙汰には、殺人・傷害事件、窃盗・強盗事件、また謀叛など、治安を脅かす罪科に対する訴訟・裁判が含まれていた。
- Kendan-sata included the suits and trials carried out for charges which threatened public safety, such as cases of murder and injury, theft and robbery, or rebellion.
- これは事実上の流罪であり、高明は長男の源忠賢ともども出家して京に留まることを願うが許されず、大宰府へ流された。
- This was in fact banishment, and the pleas by Takaakira and his eldest son MINAMOTO no Tadakata's pleas that they be allowed to enter the priesthood in Kyoto went unnoticed, and they were removed to Dazaifu.
- 義視が勝元を頼ると讒訴の罪を問われて近江国(滋賀県)へ逃れ、真蘂や赤松政則ら貞親派が失脚する文正の政変に至る。
- Yoshimi sought the help of Katsumoto, which resulted in Sadachika being accused of zanso (bringing false charges) and driven out to Omi Province (Shiga Prefecture), an incident leading to the Bunsho Political Incident in which Shizui and Masanori AKAMATSU, who had sided with Sadachika, were ousted.
- 保元元年(1156年)には讃岐国守の職にあり、同年の保元の乱の後讃岐へと流罪になった崇徳上皇の護送を担当した。
- In 1156, he was the Sanuki no kuni no kami (Provincial Governor of Sanuki), and was in charge of escorting Retired Emperor Sutoku when he was exiled to Sanuki after Hogen War in the same year.
- 保延4年(1138年)、養父公長が殺人の罪に問われて職務を停止されたため、定長も連座して神事供奉を停止された。
- Since his adopted father Kinnaga was stopped from his duties because of an accusation of murder in 1138, Sadanaga was implicated in it and was stopped from shinji gubu (to be in attendance on divine services).
- 寿永2年(1183年)に平安京にいた光行は、平家方であった父の源光季の謝罪と助命嘆願のため、鎌倉市に下向した。
- In 1183, Mitsuyuki, who was in Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan, present-day Kyoto) at that time, went to Kamakura city to submit a petition of apology and to spare the life of MINAMOTO no Mitsusue, his father who had been on the side of the Taira family.
- 天明の大飢饉など、折からの政情不安により発生した無宿が大量に江戸周辺に流入し、様々な凶悪犯罪を犯すようになった。
- There was a huge influx of homeless people into Edo and its environs due to the Great Tenmei Famine and the resulting political instability, and many of the homeless committed a wide variety of serious crimes.
- そのため逃亡する者が後を絶たず、犯罪者の隔離施設としても、矯正施設としても十分な役割を果たすことが出来なかった。
- Consequently, there was a never-ending string of convicts who tried to escape, so the system failed to play its full part to isolate nor to correct these criminals.
- 島においてさらに犯罪のあったときは鉱穴に禁錮されたが、これは敷内追込といい、また島から逃亡した者は死罪であった。
- Those who committed additional crimes while on the island were confined in mineshafts, a punishment known as 'shikinai oikomi,' while those who attempted to escape from the island were given a death sentence.
- (奏弾)宮中における特別警察的な存在であるが裁判権は他の機関と同じく、組織内部の軽罪を裁く程度しか持っていない。
- (Sodan) It was a kind of special force police unit in the Imperial Court, but as for jurisdiction, it just judged a misdemeanor in the organization as well as the other institutions.
- 調査が進むにつれ、思いの外大人数が関わっていることが判明し、すべてを死罪とすれば大混乱を生ずることが懸念された。
- Along with the progress of investigation, it turned out that an unexpectedly large number of persons were involved, and this gave rise to a fear that condemning all of them to death penalty might invite chaos.
- なお、正式な関白の地位を手に入れる過程で阿衡の紛議という事件が起こり、基経は天皇に謝罪させることに成功している。
- In addition, in the process of obtaining the official post of chancellor, an incident called the Ako Controversy occurred, and Mototsune succeeded in getting an apology from an emperor.
- 親家はこれを2本同時に折って見せ、実朝と列座していた一同を関心させ、その罪を許されて、紀伊国の領地を与えられた。
- Chikaie broke two of the antlers together and impressed Sanetomo and all others that were present, the feat of which allowed him to be exempted from the punishment and to newly obtain a demesne in Kii Province.
- 立花峯均38歳のとき、兄・立花重根が逮捕粛清された事件に連座して、玄界灘の孤島・大蛇島(小呂島)へ流罪となった。
- When Minehira TACHIBANA was 38 years old, he was implicated in his elder brother Shigemoto TACHIBANA's arrest in a purge and banished to an isolated island off the Genkainada coast (Kyushu area) called Daijajima island (Oronoshima island).
- さらに、近衛天皇や美福門院らを呪詛したとの嫌疑によって、経憲とともに拷問を加えられた後、佐渡国へと流罪となった。
- Furthermore, he was tortured together with Tsunenori on suspicion that they had cursed Emperor Konoe, Bifukumonin and others, and then they were exiled to Sado Province.
- もし排外的紛争の再発その他の条約違反が発生し、その鎮圧をしなかったり犯罪者を処罰しなかったら、その官吏を罷免する。
- Government officials who fail to suppress reoccurred anti-foreign troubles or violation of the treaty or punish criminals shall be discharged.
- これに対し律令政府は、蓄銭叙位令発布と同時に私鋳銭鋳造を厳罰に定め、首謀者は死罪、従犯者は没官、家族は流罪とした。
- On the other hand, Ritsuryo government severely punished the minting of Shichusen as soon as Chikusen-joirei was issued; furthermore, the government anounced that ringleaders would be executed, accessories would be confiscated, and their families would be deported.
- 裁判では検察側は至誠会が暴動を示唆したと主張したが、この主張は認められず、南助松と永岡鶴蔵には無罪の判決がおりた。
- At the trial, prosecutors claimed Shiseikai for solicitation of the riot, but this claim was rejected, and both Sukematsu MINAMI and Tsuruzo NAGAOKA were sentenced innocent.
- 笞は郡司による専断による処分が認められていたが、杖罪の決定権は国司が有し、必要によってはこれを専決する事が出来た。
- A district manager had the authority to impose the punishment of whipping, but only the provincial governor had the right to decide flogging, in some cases, at his own discretion.
- 日本側は密輸行為を無視し、領海問題、日章旗問題を口実に中国と強硬な交渉を行い、謝罪と10万円の損害賠償を要求した。
- Japan, disregarding the act of smuggling, negotiated with China in hard-line manners under plea of the issues of territorial sea and of the Japanese (rising sun) flag, and demanded an apology and compensation for damage of a hundred thousand yen.
- 孝徳天皇4年、石川麻呂は冤罪で自殺に追い込まれているが、これも大化の政権の政権基盤が脆弱だった可能性を示している。
- In 648, Ishikawamaro was driven to suicide because of a false charge, this also indicating a possibility that the political footing of the Taika regime was weak.
- 国家・天皇に対する犯罪のみならず、神社や尊属に対する犯罪も八虐に数えられており、身分による社会秩序を重視している。
- Not only crimes against nation or emperor, but also those against shrines or ancestors were included in the Hachigyaku, which indicates the fact that the social order based on status was valued.
- 「邪淫の業がふかいのか、安んじて待つことをしなかった罪で、うてやうてやと報いの砧 と地獄でむちうたれております。」
- Perhaps this is the result of my evil and dirty karma, but I am being beaten with a kinuta in hell for having not waited for my husband peacefully.'
- 称徳天皇の崩御後の宝亀2年(771年)県犬養姉女らの罪は誣告であったとして、不破内親王は内親王に復して都へ帰った。
- After the Emperor Shotoku died in 771, the Imperial Princess Fuwa was given back her title imperial princess and returned to Kyoto since the government admitted that the accusation of AGATA no inukai no aneme and others was false.
- 中世武家法においては転じて、天皇・征夷大将軍の代理である訴訟機関に対して虚偽の陳述を行った者もこの罪で処せられた。
- In the Middle Ages it changed to the punishment for the similar crime by the bukeho (samurai law) to sentence the person who made a false statement to a legal institution which was an agent of the Emperor or Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians').
- なお、子の伴国道も縁坐(えんざ=犯罪者の親類縁者が連帯責任で罰せられること)して佐渡島に流されたと伝えられている。
- It is said that his child, TOMO no Kunimichi, was also exiled to Sadogashima Island to be punished under the collective responsibility of the criminal's relatives.
- これが道鏡の怒りにふれ、清麻呂と姉の和気広虫(法均尼)は神護景雲3年(769年)それぞれ大隅と備後へ流罪となった。
- This enraged Dokyo who had Kiyomaro exiled to Osumi Province and his elder sister WAKE no Hiromushi (Hokin-ni) exiled to Bingo Province in the year 769.
- 13日、近藤らは芹沢派の新見錦(この時は副長に降格)に乱暴狼藉の罪を問い詰めて切腹させた(「浪士文久報国記事」)。
- On the 13th, KONDO and others cross-questioned Nishiki NIIMI (then demoted to vice commander), who belonged to SERIZAWA party, about the sin of such violence and outrage, and made him commit hara-kiri('Roshi Bunkyu Hokoku Kiji').
- また、義家の同時代人、藤原宗忠が「多く無罪の人を殺すと云々。積悪の余り」というのは、以下に引用する部分に符合する。
- In addition, a description by FUJIWARA no Munetada who lived in the same period as Yoshiie, saying 'He killed many innocent people. His piling sins may affect on his descendants,' corresponds to the descriptions as below.
- 桐壺帝は最愛の源氏にそっくりな美しい皇子を再び得て喜んだが、それを見る源氏と藤壺は内心罪の意識に苛まれるのだった。
- Emperor Kiritsubo was delighted to have a beautiful prince who looked like exactly his beloved Genji, but Genji and Fujitsubo felt guilty in their heart to see that.
- もっともその場合にも法的な手続をとる事が要件となっており、これに反して無断で脱藩した場合には欠落の罪として扱われた。
- By then it was also a requirement to go through legal procedures in order to leave, and those who left without it were charged with desertion.
- 大乗仏教は、その構造上利他行を通じて罪の救済を得られる教えとなっており、この点が豪族たちに受け入れられたと思われる。
- The reason Mahayana Buddhism became popular among local ruling families might be that it taught that sin was forgiven through Ritako (Altruistic Practice).
- そして、警官隊に向かって投石したり、棍棒で襲い掛かったり、拳銃を奪ったりしたので、公務執行妨害罪で20人を検挙した。
- They threw stones at the police squad and attacked the police officers with a club and snatched their pistols, so the police arrested 20 people for obstructing official duties.
- 基本法である事を明示する(違反者は「天下の大罪」であるとして、違反者は死罪などの重い刑に処せられることが多かった)。
- It was to make clear that the acts and laws were the fundamental laws; (the violator of the laws were severely punished by death penalty or other severe penalties for his/her 'great crime of the realm')
- 大海人皇子から額田王を奪ったので、罪滅ぼしとして(自分の)娘4人を大海人皇子の元に妃として送り込んだと言われている。
- It is said that because Emperor Tenchi (Tenji) took Nukata no Okimi away from Oama no Miko (Emperor Temmu), he sent his four daughters to Oama no Miko (Emperor Temmu) to become princesses for an expiation.
- 道昌は「君主は己の贅沢のために殺生を行うためにその罪は重いが、臣下の中には生活のためにやむを得ず殺生を行う者もいる。
- Dosho answered, 'The sovereign is more sinful because he kills animals for his luxury, but some retainers are forced to kill animals for making their living.
- 現在では一般的に、人間が神の意に反したとき、罪を犯したとき、祭祀を怠ったときなどに神の力が人に及ぶと考えられている。
- Today, it is generally believed that the power of god will punish human beings for their violation of divine will, transgressions, malice, or neglect of religious duties.
- シタテルヒメとの恋に溺れて使命を放棄しその罪によって亡くなるという悲劇的かつ反逆的な神として、民間では人気があった。
- Amenowakahiko was popular among ordinary people as a tragic and rebellious deity because of his falling love with Shitateruhime and giving up on his mission and then being killed for the sin.
- 越後に流罪となった1207年(承元元年)以後に結婚した説と、それ以前に結婚していたとの説、越後での再婚説などがある。
- These views include one that asserts Shinran married her after he was banished to Echigo in 1207, while another asserts he married her before being banished, and one that asserts he remarried her in Echigo.
- 建久2年(1191年)、佐々木庄の年貢を巡る延暦寺との争いにより一門は流罪とされ、5月8日、広綱は隠岐国に流される。
- In 1191, because of the battle with Enryaku-ji Temple over Sasakinosho's nengu (land tax) the entire family was banished, and Hirotsuna was banished to Oki Province.
- 9世紀中葉における朝廷・国司は、群盗海賊の制圧のために養老律令の捕亡令追捕罪人条にある臨時発兵規定により対応し始めた。
- In the middle of the ninth century, the Imperial Court and kokushi started taking measures based on specifications of rinji-hatsuhei (the special dispatch of troops) in Tsuibu-zainin no Jo (the article related to catching criminals who had fled) in bumo-ryo code (Penalties on escaping soldiers, Sakimori [soldiers garrisoned at strategic posts in Kyushu in ancient times], slave, and so on) in the Yoro ritsuryo code, to combat these robberies and acts of piracy.
- さらに、私鋳銭を製造しないよう、私鋳銭製造の罪に、大宝律の「徒三年」より厳しい「斬」(五刑の最高刑)が加えられている。
- Moreover, 'zan' (heaviest punishment among gokei [five punishments]), which was more severe than 'zu-sannen' (imprisonment of three years) of the Taiho Code, was added to punishments for manufacture of shichusen (counterfeit money) to prevent it.
- 戦争そのものは長州藩が謝罪して終わったものの、長州藩家老3人と藩士11人が切腹し、征長軍は2度にわたり首実検を行った。
- The war itself was over with the apology of the Choshu Domain, but the three chief retainers and eleven feudal retainers of the domain committed Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) and conquering army of Choshu identified severed heads twice.
- そして小田原征伐後、信雄は尾張国から駿河国への移封を拒絶したため、信雄は所領を没収され、下野国に流罪とされてしまった。
- After the conquest and siege of Odawara, due to his refusal to change the territory from Owari Province to Suruga Province, Nobukatsu's territory was confiscated, then he was exiled to Shimotsuke Province.
- 大審院では書類のみの審査が行われ、5月11日、大部分の被告を無罪とするのは不当として2審判決を破棄、差し戻しとなった。
- After documentary examination, the Supreme Court decided on May 11 to overturn the appellate court's ruling that none of the defendants were innocent and remanded the case to the lower courts.
- 地方からの都市への流入者の増加は、犯罪の増加に直結することから、江戸市中では治安の維持を目的に町奉行所が管理していた。
- Since the influx of such people from rural region into urban area was linked directly to rise in crime, these shelters were administered by the machi-bugyo (town magistrate) for the purpose of safety and security of the Edo city.
- これを受け、同会は、2007年11月24日に臨時総会を開き、十九大夫を業務上横領罪の疑いで告訴・告発する方針を決めた。
- Because of this, the group held an extraordinary general meeting on November 24, 2007 and resolved to charge Tokutayu for, and to denounce him as being guilty for, professional embezzlement.
- 紫衣事件などで罪を受けた者の特赦を願い出ることもしばしばであり、大久保忠隣・福島正則・徳川忠長など赦免を願い出ている。
- He often requested to give amnesty to criminals of the Shie Incident and so on and asked for pardon for Tadachika OKUBO, Masanori FUKUSHIMA, Tadanaga TOKUGAWA, and so on.
- このように、横難横死にあうことが過去の謗法の重い罪業を軽く受けている(転重軽受)ことになる場合があるなどと述べている。
- Stated above, suffering onan (横難) oshi (横死) sometimes leads to light punishment for bad karma of one's past hobo (slander of the Law) (this is called Tenju kyoju, practicing shobo allows one to receive one's heavy bad karma of the past world lightly, or sometimes even lets it disappear) and so on.
- 不破内親王は内親王の名を削られ厨眞人厨女(台所の下女)と改名の上で、都から追放され、志計志麻呂は土佐国へ流罪となった。
- The Imperial Princess Fuwa was stripped of her title imperial princess and given the name of KURIYA no Mahitokuriyame (kitchen maid servant), deported from Kyoto, and Shikeshimaro was exiled to Tosa Province.
- しかし、特に戦前では、不敬罪・治安維持法などの存在などから、皇室の権威にかかわる問題について論争が自由にできなかった。
- But, especially during the prewar period, the idea of lese majesty and the Peace Preservation Law prevented people from discussing the validity of the unbroken Imperial line.
- 5月20日、捕虜となった人々の罪科が決定し、時忠・時実・信基・尹明・良弘・全真・忠快・能円・行命の9名が流罪となった。
- On June 26, punishment for prisoners was determined and nine persons were sentenced to exile: Tokitada, Tokizane, Nobumoto, Tadaaki, Yoshihiro, Zenshin, Chukai, Noen, and Gyomei.
- 同藩は山県半蔵を家老宍戸氏の養子として宍戸備後助と改名させ、広島の国泰寺 (広島市)で幕府問罪使永井尚志に応接させた。
- The Choshu clan forced Hanzo YAMAGATA to change his name to Bingonosuke SHISHIDO and become an adopted child of the SHISHIDO family (who provided the chief retainer of the domain) and made him meet Naoyuki NAGAI, the interrogator from the bakufu, in Kokutai-ji Temple in Hiroshima (Hiroshima City).
- 新撰組の一員である彼らは、斎藤弥九郎や千葉周作と並ぶ大剣豪の名を知っていたから、慌てて謝罪し、退散したと言われている。
- It is said that since they, who were the members of Shinsengumi, knew his name, a great swordsman along with Yakuro SAITO and Shusaku CHIBA, they hastily apologized and ran away.
- ただし、この焼き討ちは鳥取城攻めの指揮を執っていた亀井茲矩の策であり、実行した政広一人に罪を擦り付けたとする説がある。
- However, there has been a view that this fire attack was a plot of Korenori KAMEI who commanded the troops to attack Tottori-jo Castle and Kamei laid the blame on Masahiro alone who put the plot into practice.
- この騒動により、死者は17名、負傷者は500名以上、検挙者は2000名以上(このうち有罪となったのは87名)にも上った。
- In this disturbance, 17 people died, over 500 people got injured and over 2000 people were arrested (including 87 people adjudicated guilty).
- 事件から16日後の5月27日、一般人に対する謀殺未遂罪(旧刑法292条)を適用して無期徒刑(無期懲役)の判決が下された。
- On May 27, 16 days after the incident, Kojima applied the article 292 of the former penal code, which stated about premeditated murder attempt against ordinary people, and sentenced Tsuda to life imprisonment.
- 結果、幕府としては従前同様に日朝貿易は対馬藩に委ねたほうが得策と判断し、宗義成は無罪、柳川調興は津軽地方に流罪とされた。
- As a result, the Edo bakufu judged that it would be wise to leave Japan-Korea Trade to the Tsushima Domain as before, and Yoshinari SO was found innocent while Shigeoki YANAGAWA was sentenced to banishment to the Tsugaru region.
- また、葬儀を妨害した者は刑法188条第2項「礼拝所及び墳墓に関する罪」で懲役、禁固または、十万円以下の罰金刑が科される。
- Additionally, a person who interferes with a funeral service shall be punished by imprisonment with or without work or a fine of not more than 100,000 yen according to the Penal Code, Article 188 (2) 'Crimes Related to Places of Worship and Graves.'
- 法師品第10「若し悪人有りて、不善の心を以って一劫の中に於いて、現に仏前に於いて常に仏を毀罵(きめ)せん、其の罪尚軽し。
- Hosshi hon No.10 (the preacher, the tenth chapter of the Lotus Sutra) 'If an evil man always defames and swears Buddha in front of Buddha with a bad mind actually, for a long time, his sin would be lighter.
- 永眠した正教徒が、神からの罪の赦しを得て天国に入り、神からの記憶を得て、永遠の復活の生命に与ることを祈願するものである。
- They are performed to pray for a deceased believer of the Orthodox Church to receive God's pardon and go into Heaven, where the deceased is remembered by God and given eternal resurrected life.
- 小人に罪無し、玉を抱いて罪有り…小人というだけで罪はないのだが、小人が身分不相応の財宝を持つと、とかく過ちを犯しやすい。
- A small person is innocent, but he becomes a sinner if he holds a treasure, which means being a small person in itself is not a sin, but if a small person comes into possession of an inappropriate amount of treasure he often tends to make mistakes.
- また、天皇と律令法との関係で重要であったのは、生命刑である死罪 (律令法)執行の大権は天皇のみに帰属していたことである。
- An important point in the relationship between the Emperor and ritsuryo law is that the prerogative for the execution of death sentence (ritsuryo law), a capital punishment, belonged solely to the Emperor.
- 剛の者である平教経は、鬼神の如く戦い坂東武者を討ち取りまくるが、知盛が既に勝敗は決したから罪作りなことはするなと伝えた。
- The strong warrior TAIRA no Noritsune fought on like a demon, striking down the warriors from east Japan left and right, but Tomomori told him that, with the battle already lost, he should not do anything wicked.
- その後、頼氏が北条氏の得宗家と反得宗家の争いである二月騒動に連座して佐渡島に流罪となると、惣領職が新田氏本宗家に復する。
- Thereafter, when Yoriuji was exiled in Sadoga-shima Island, being implicated in the Nigatsu-sodo (February rebellion), a dispute between the Tokuso family of the Hojo clan and anti Tokuso family, the soryo-shiki returned to the head family of the Nitta clan.
- しかも、頼忠も雅信も皇位継承可能な有力皇族との外戚関係がなかったために、謀叛などの罪を着せて排斥することも出来なかった。
- Furthermore, as neither Yoritada nor Masanobu had any maternal relations with powerful imperial members who could succeed the throne, Kaneie could not remove them from politics by charging them for treason.
- 欽明天皇の代に新羅がまた背き、任那を亡ぼしたので、朝廷は紀男麻呂を将として問罪の師をおこし、伊企儺はこれの副将であった。
- Since Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom) disobeyed again and destroyed Mimana during the time of Emperor Kinmei, the Imperial Court sent military forces with KI no Omaro as a shogun and Ikina as a vice-shogun to accuse Shiragi.
- 忠彦は冤罪で捕らえられた上このような処遇を受けた事に憤激し、5月22日 (旧暦)に所持していた脇差で喉を突き自害を図る。
- Tadahiko was furious about being captured for a false charge and being treated in this way, and on July 10, 1860 he stubbed his throat with a short sword he had kept.
- 東大寺が全国の総国分寺であったのに対し、法華寺は総国分尼寺であり、詳しくは法華滅罪之寺(ほっけめつざいのてら)といった。
- While Todai-ji Temple was the so-kokubun-ji Temple (head temple of Japan), Hokke-ji Temple was the so-kokubun-ni-ji Temple, and its exact name was Hokke metsuzai no tera.
- 徹底とした調査のもと、冤罪事件を告発した本作は、大きな社会的反響を呼び、独立プロ運動時代の最高傑作のひとつと賞賛される。
- The film which, based on extensive research, claimed a wrongful conviction case had a huge impact on the society, and it was praised as one of his greatest films during the movement of independent production companies.
- 師高と師経は処罰されるが、西光が後白河法皇に讒訴して天台座主明雲の天台座主職を停止させ、拷問の上で伊豆国に流罪にさせた。
- Morotaka and Morotsune were punished, and Saiko then falsely charged Myoun of Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) so that the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa removed him from the Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) position, tortured him, and deported him to Izu Province.
- 別府晋介と辺見は問罪の師を起こすべしと主張したが、永山弥一郎は西郷・桐野・篠原の三将が上京して政府を詰問すべしと主張した。
- Shinsuke BEPPU and HENMI said that they should raise the army, whereas Yaichiro NAGAYAMA said that the three leaders SAIGO, KIRINO, and SHINOHARA should go to Tokyo to raise the matter with the government.
- 一方「謀叛」はいわゆる天皇に危害を加えるなどの大逆罪を含まない国家(政権)の転覆及び敵国への内通・亡命などが対象となった。
- On the other hand, '謀叛' was a crime of attempting to overthrow the government without damaging the emperor (without high treason crime), as well as betrayal or defection to foreign countries.
- 田沼意次が幕政に関与した天明年間には折からの政情不安により無宿が大量に江戸周辺に流入し、様々な凶悪犯罪を犯すようになった。
- In the Tenmei Era when Okitsugu TANUMA involved in the shogunate government, due to political instability that existed at that time, many Mushuku flew in and around Edo and became to commit various atrocious crime.
- しかし、かつて武田元明の妻であり、高次にとっては妹にあたる京極竜子が秀吉の側室となると罪を許されて秀吉の家臣となっていた。
- However, when Tatsuko KYOGOKU who used to be a wife of Motoaki TAKEDA and was a younger sister of Takatsugu became a concubine of Hideyoshi, Takatsugu was absolved of his sins and became a vassal of Hideyoshi.
- 絞罪器械図式(こうざいきかいずしき;明治6年太政官布告第65号)は日本の死刑執行の際に使用される絞首器の図式を定めた法令。
- Kozai Kikai Zushiki, the edict of Dajokan (Grand Council of State) No.65 of 1873, is an act which stipulates the scheme of devices to be used for judicial hanging in Japan.
- しかし、塩冶家は主君が城内で高野師直に刃傷に及んだ罪を問われて切腹し、家名も断絶となっていた(『仮名手本忠臣蔵』の設定)。
- However, the head of the Enya family was given a sentence of seppuku for injuring Moronao KONO with his sword in the castle, and after his seppuku, the family was terminated (this setting was based on 'Kanadehon Chushingura').
- しかしこの一件では、「しぶった」板前が「しくじった」ことに変わりはないとして業務上過失致死罪、及び京都府条例違反とされた。
- However, in this case, since the 'unwilling' chef was still considered 'at fault,' the chef was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter due to professional negligence as well as of being in violation of a Kyoto Prefectural Ordinance.
- 藤原師光(西光)は処刑とし、藤原成親は備前国へ流罪(7月9日に食物を与えられず殺害される)俊寛らは鬼界ヶ島に流罪に処した。
- As a result, FUJIWARA no Moromitsu (Saiko) was executed, FUJIWARA no Narichika was deported to Bizen no kuni (Bizen Province) (where he did not received any food and was killed on July 9), and Shunkan and others were deported to Kikaiga-shima Island.
- 両者は杖で打たれ続ける拷問を受けた後、健岑は隠岐国へ流罪(後に出雲国に移されたが詳細は不詳)、逸勢は伊豆国へ流罪になった。
- The two men were tortured by being beaten with a stick; Kowamine was banished to Oki Province (he was later transferred to Izumo Province; details unknown), and Hayanari was banished to Izu Province.
- 流罪となり、その後も流刑地である隠岐国においても濫妨に及んだため、伊勢平氏の平正盛による追討軍により、討たれたことによる。
- This resulted in banishment, and because he was subsequently also involved in attacks at the penal colony in Oki Province, at the order of TAIRA no Masamori of the Ise-Heishi (Taira clan), a search-and-kill squad was formed and apparently made an attack.
- 大同5年(810年)9月10日 (旧暦)、嵯峨天皇は平安京にいた仲成を捕らえて、薬子の官位を剥奪して罪を鳴らす詔を発した。
- On October 15, 810, Emperor Saga arrested Nakanari, who happened to be in Heiankyo, and issued an Imperial order that deprived Kusuko of her rank and announced that she was a criminal.
- 弁官を勤めていた天平11年(739年)藤原宇合の妻久米若売(くめのわくめ)との姦通の罪を問われて土佐国に流罪に処せられた。
- In 739 when he was a Benkan (officials of the Dajokan), he was accused of adultery with KUME no Wakame, the wife of FUJIWARA no Umakai and exiled to Tosa Province.
- 11人の練行衆とよばれる僧侶が精進潔斎して合宿生活を送り、二月堂の本尊十一面観音に罪を懺悔し、国家安泰、万民豊楽等を願う。
- 11 Buddhist monks called Rengyo-shu religiously purify themselves by abstaining from eating meat and hold a training camp, confess their sins to the principal image of Nigatsu-do Hall Juichimen Kannon-zo (Eleven-faced Kannon) and pray for the security of the state and affluent life for the nation.
- 七十を越えて後継者を失ったことは、世阿弥にとっては致命的痛恨事であり、その死の翌年、失意のうちに世阿弥は佐渡に流罪となる。
- The loss of a successor was a matter of deep regret for Zeami who was over 70 years old, and in the year following the death, Zeami was banished to Sado in frustration.
- 明和8年(1771年)3月4日、蘭方医の杉田玄白・前野良沢・中川淳庵らは、小塚原刑場において罪人の腑分け(解剖)を見学した。
- On April 18, 1771, Genpaku SUGITA, Ryotaku MAENO, Junan NAKAGAWA and other ranpoi (persons who studied Western medicine by means of the Dutch language) observed fuwake (dissection) of executed criminals at Kozukappara execution grounds.
- 主謀者の後鳥羽上皇、そして後鳥羽の系譜の上皇・皇子が流罪に処せられ、仲恭天皇は退位、朝廷側の貴族・武士も多くが死罪とされた。
- The leader, Retired Emperor Gotoba, as well as the retired emperors and imperial princes related to him were sent into exile, while Emperor Chukyo was deposed and many of the nobles and samurai of the imperial faction were executed.
- 生き残った信徒たちは流罪の苦難を「旅」と呼んで信仰を強くし、1879年(明治12年)、故地浦上に聖堂(浦上天主堂)を建てた。
- The surviving Christians strengthened their religious faith while calling their suffering during deportation 'journey,' and built a church (Urakami Cathedral) in Urakami with which they had been associated in 1879.
- 江戸幕府のキリスト教禁止政策をひきついだ明治政府の手によって村民たちは流罪とされたが、このことは諸外国の激しい非難を受けた。
- The Meiji Government followed the Edo bakufu's policy to ban Christianity and banished the villagers, which provoked strong criticism from foreign countries.
- これは「己の名誉と贖罪の為、死を以って償う」という切腹の理念が「日本人の伝統」として固定化されたためであるという意見もある。
- There is the opinion that this is due to the seppuku principle of 'redeeming one's own honor and atonement through death' becoming established as 'the culture of the Japanese people.'
- これが秀吉の怒りを買って文禄3年(1594年)に薩摩国に左遷(事実上の流罪)となり、後任の左大臣に内大臣の秀次が任じられた。
- Offended by this remark, Hideyoshi demoted and transferred Nobusuke to Satsuma Province (he virtually banished him), and appointed Naidaijin Hidetsugu to Sadaijin as his replacement.
- 義綱父子は義忠を殺害したとして疑いをかけられて逃亡したが近江国の山中で源為義に捕縛され、降伏して出家後、佐渡国に流罪となる。
- Yoshitsuna and son, suspected in the death of Yoshitada, fled but were captured in the mountains of Omi Province by MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, and upon surrender they became priests and were banished to Sado Province.
- 持統天皇7年(693年)4月22日、盗みの犯人として大伴男人、置始多久、菟野大伴を、見逃した罪で巨勢邑治を裁く詔が下された。
- On April 22, 693, a proclamation was issued to judge the theft by OTOMO no Ohito, OKISOME no Oku, and UNO no Otomo, and to judge the connivance by KOSE no Oji.
- 江戸時代初期に幕府の統制を受け、紫衣事件と呼ばれる元住持・沢庵宗彭が流罪となる圧迫を受けたが、幕府との関係ものちに回復した。
- In the early Edo period, the temple fell under the control of the Shogunate and the former chief priest Takuan Soho was forced into exile in what is known as The Purple Robe Incident, but relations with the Shoganate subsequently recovered.
- しかし、承久3年(1221年)の承久の乱の結果、後鳥羽上皇が隠岐国へ流罪となると、清房もこれに従い、出家の上隠岐へと下った。
- However, when the Retired Emperor Gotoba was exiled to Oki Province as a result of the Jokyu War in 1221, Kiyofusa entered into the priesthood, going to Oki to follow him.
- 江華島事件の問罪を前面に押し出しながら、実質的には条約を締結し、両国の懸案で長年解決しなかった近代的な国際関係を樹立すること。
- While emphasizing the reproof of the Ganghwa Island incident, they practically tried to conclude a treaty and establish modern international relationship with Korea, which had been left unsettled for many years.
- アメリカ合衆国の一部の州において、性犯罪者に対して、本人の希望により、あるいは懲役刑との自由選択の形で、去勢刑が行われている。
- In some states within the United States of America today, castration is provided as an alternative to imprisonment and is conducted as a penalty for sex offenders at their request.
- しかし、886年に源信_(公卿)(みなもと の まこと)の失脚を図った応天門の変に絡んでいることが判明し、伊豆国に流罪になる。
- However, it was revealed that he was involved in the Otenmon Incident that plotted to oust MINAMOTO no Makoto in 886, and he was exiled to Izu Province.
- 同年8月に事件が発覚して林をはじめとする首謀者や片岡健吉ら高知在住の幹部が逮捕され、翌年8月に大審院において有罪判決が下った。
- The plot came to light and the ringleaders led by Yuzo HAYASHI and other prominent individuals, who lived in Kochi Prefecture, including Kenichi KATAOKA, were arrested in August of that year and found guilty by the Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan in August of the following year.
- 忠常の首はいったん梟首とされたが、降人の首をさらすべきではないとして従者へ返され、また忠常の子の平常将と平常近も罪を許された。
- Tadatsune's head was exposed, but it was returned to his followers since the head of Koin (person of surrender) should not be exposed and the sins of Tadatsune's children TAIRA no Tsunemasa and TAIRA no Tsunechika were forgiven.
- 後白河は目代・師経を備後国に流罪にすることで事態を収拾しようとしたが、大衆は納得せず4月12日に神輿を持ち出して内裏に向かう。
- Goshirakawa tried to settle the situation by exiling the Mokudai, Morotsune, to Bingo Province (present eastern half of Hiroshima prefecture), but the monks were not satisfied and brought out a mikoshi (portable shrine) and headed towards the inner Imperial Court on May 18.
- 道真は優れた学者として知られ、阿衡事件の際に、基経がなおも詔を起草した橘広相の流罪を求めたときに上書して諫言した人物であった。
- Michizane was well-known as an eminent scholar; during the Ako Incident, he had written to the court remonstrating Mototsune when Mototsune still kept on calling for the banishment of TACHIBANA no Hiromi, who drafted the edict.
- 相馬氏の嫡流筋であったとみられるが、領地問題をめぐって彦次郎師胤の子の重胤とたびたび争いを起こし、濫訴の罪で所領を没収された。
- Although he is considered to be a direct descendant of the Soma clan, he often caused arguments over territories with Shigetane, Hikojiro Morotane's son, and his territories were confiscated for the crime of groundless lawsuits.
- 罪と併せて「罪穢れ」と総称されることが多いが、罪が人為的に発生するものであるのに対し、穢れは自然に発生するものであるとされる。
- Kegare and sin are often collectively called as 'Tsumi Kegare' and while Tsumi is caused by man, Kegare is thought to arise naturally.
- これにより伊賀の方・光宗・実雅は流罪となったが、彼らに担ぎ上げられそうになった当の政村は厳罰を免れ後に第7代執権に就任している。
- Although Iga no kata, Mitsumune IGA, and Sanemasa ICHIJO were exiled for the plot, Masamura HOJO, whom they tried to make the regent, escaped severe punishment and assumed the seventh Shikken position later.
- 公務の執行を妨害する罪及び傷害罪に問われた被告人が捜査の違法性を争ったが、適法とされ、公訴事実それ自体についても、有罪とされた。
- The case was brought for obstruction of performance of official duties and bodily injury and the defendant claimed the illegality of the investigation which was judged as lawful after all and was convicted of the facts constituting the offense charged.
- これにより山口は新聞紙条例違反の罪に問われ、3ヶ月(余罪も含めて1年2ヶ月)の禁錮に処せられていたが、翌年6月18日に出獄した。
- Due to this article he had been accused of violating Shinbunshi Jorei (Press Regulations), sentenced to three months in prison (a year and two months in total with other charges), and discharged on June 18 the next year.
- 浄土真宗の開祖とされる親鸞が、流罪により僧籍を剥奪された後に、自らを「愚禿釋親鸞」と名告り非僧非俗の立場で教化された事に基づく。
- It is based on enlightenment of Shinran, who is considered to be the founder of Jodoshin sect, in the position of hiso hizoku (non-priesthood, non-laity) by introducing himself to be 'Gutoku shaku Shinran' after being deprived of his priesthood due to banishment.
- 1882年(明治15年)には、政府もふぐ中毒の増加を受けて、「河豚食う者は拘置科料に処する」とした項目を含む違警罪即決令を発布。
- In 1882, with an increase in pufferfish poisoning, the government released Ikeizai sokketsurei (the law concerning offence against police regulations) including a clause which stated that 'anyone who eats pufferfish will be sentenced to a prison term or a fine.'
- 「般若の面(はんにゃ)」と呼ばれる女の鬼の面の中でも、もっとも罪業深く、ほとんどヘビになってしまった面を真蛇(しんじゃ)と呼ぶ。
- Among female demon masks called 'Hanya [female demon] masks,' the one which almost became a snake with the worst karma is called Shinja.
- この日には、朱雀門前の広場に親王、大臣(おおおみ)ほか首都(みやこ)にいる官僚が集って大祓詞を読み上げ、国民の罪や穢れを祓った。
- On this day, imperial princes, ministers, and other governmental officials in the capital (miyako) gathered at the square in front of the Suzaku-mon Gate and read Oharae no kotoba (Words of the Great Purification) to purify people's sins and stains.
- ただし、その罪の適用は格式によって拡大されてきたと考えられ、明法家の間でもその具体的な適用範囲などについては意見の相違があった。
- The application of the Charge of Ichoku is thought to have been expanded according to ranks, and there was a difference in opinions of lawyers about the actual scope of application.
- 応永7年(1400年)3月、関東公方足利満兼は伊豆国三嶋大社に願文を奉献し、「小量をもって」幕府に二心を起こしたことを謝罪した。
- In April, 1400, the Kanto kubo Mitsukane ASHIKAGA presented a prayer-petition to the Grand Shrine at Mishima in Izu Province in which he apologized for double-crossing the shogunate 'in my narrow-mindedness.'
- その後1767年(明和4年)山県大弐らによる「明和事件」の際、関与を疑われて八丈島に流罪となり、送られる途中に三宅島で病没した。
- Afterwards, when Daini YAMAGATA and others caused the 'Meiwa Incident' in 1767, he was suspected of having been involved in it and sentenced to the banishment to Hachijo-jima Island, but in course of transportation he died of illness in Miyake-jima Island.
- 敗北後は出家するも捕らえられ、近衛天皇・美福門院を呪詛した嫌疑によって兄盛憲とともに拷問にかけられた後、隠岐国へと流罪となった。
- After the defeat, he was captured in spite of becoming a priest, suffered torture with his brother Morinori because of suspicion of cursing the Emperor Konoe and Bifukumonin, and was exiled to Oki Province.
- それを義政の乳母の今参局が呪いを掛けたせいだとし、彼女を琵琶湖沖島に流罪とし(本人は途中で自刃)、更に義政の側室四人を追放する。
- She blamed her baby's death on the Yoshimasa's wet nurse, Imamairi no Tsubone, saying the nurse put a curse on the baby, and banished her to the Okishima Island on Lake Biwa (the nurse killed herself with a sword on the way to the island), and in addition, purged Yoshimasa's four mistresses.
- 西欧文化は倫理基準を内面に持つ「罪の文化」であるのに対し、日本文化は外部(世間体・外聞)に持つ「恥の文化」と一方的に決め付けた。
- It unilaterally concluded that the western culture is 'sin culture' which has ethical standards inward, while the Japanese culture is 'shame culture' that has the standards (appearances or decency) outward.
- 日本では奈良時代に橘逸勢が842年に反逆罪に問われ、姓・官位を剥奪されて「非人」の姓を天皇から与えられたのが文献上の初例とされる。
- The first reference of the term 'Hinin' could be found in the literature describing that TACHIBANA no Hayanari faced treason charges in 842 and was deprived his surname as well as official rank; He was also reduced to the nonstatus signified by 'Hinin' by the Emperor.
- 成親が召還され、事件処理に当たった時忠・信範が「奏事不実(奏上に事実でない点があった)」(『百錬抄』)の罪により解官・配流される。
- Narichika was recalled and, TAIRA no Tokitada and TAIRA no Nobunori, who were in charge of the case, were dismissed and exiled for 'reporting untrue to the Emperor' ('Hyakuren sho - History book from the Kamakura period).
- なお、当時の時代背景を反映して「外国人への犯罪及び外国人と組んで行った犯罪」が恩赦の対象外とされているのは特異な点であると言える。
- A unique point of this law which reflected the historical background was that a pardon did not extend to 'crimes on foreigners or crimes committed together with foreigners.'
- 本件に関する幕府の裁定は浅野の殿中抜刀に対する処罰だけで、これは相手の生死や傷害の程度・抜刀の理由に関係なく、無条件に死罪となる。
- The bakufu's decision on the punishment for this incident had to do only with drawing a hidden sword inside the palace, and it unconditionally deserved the death penalty regardless of the victim's survival or death, degree of injury, and drawing his sword.
- 「・・・・同氏から鹿爪らしい謝罪状を提出して事済みになったそうである。」(岡本綺堂『明治劇談・ランプの下にて』岩波文庫1993年)
- `This incident was resolved after Mr. Kubota submitted an apologizing letter.' (By Kido OKAMOTO, 'Meiji Gekidan Ranpu no Motonite' published by Iwanami bunko, in 1993)
- このため、桂内閣は倒れたが、西園寺はこれは違勅罪であると言って総裁の辞表を提出するとそのまま京都に閉居してしまった(2月23日)。
- As a result, the Katsura Cabinet fell, and Saionji provided a resignation to step down from the president post for the reason that it was Ichokuzai, and shut himself up at home in Kyoto (February 23.)
- しかし、関東の後背に独自の政権があることを源頼朝は恐れたため、源頼朝は同年7月、義経を長らくかくまっていた事を罪として奥州に出兵。
- However, being afraid that independent political power existed to the north of the Kanto region, in August that year, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo dispatched his troops to the Oshu region, officially accusing the clan of having sheltered Yoshitsune for a long time.
- 文官でありながら厳しい処罰を実行できたのは、かつて尉・佐として実際に罪人の追捕や裁判の任務に携わっていた経験によるものと思われる。
- It can be inferred that the reason why he, as a civilian, could carry out strict punishment was his experiences in serving as a jo and suke to arrest offenders and to carry out affairs of trials.
- この時、中国大陸進出を唱えていた山田に「貴藩困乏斯の如し、何ぞ李氏朝鮮違約の罪を鳴らして、之を征服する策に出でざるか」と説かれる。
- YAMADA had advocated expanding military activities to the Chinese continent, so at this interview he preached to OSHIMA that 'you should blame Joseon Dynasty for their breach of contract to conquer them.'
- 源義仲を討った理由は、義仲が朝奨に預かったことを憎んだからであり、また義仲が後白河法皇を幽閉した罪を問わなかったことを責めている。
- The reason why Yoritomo killed MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka was that Yoritomo detested Yoshinaka for receiving an endorsement from the Imperial Court, and he also blamed Yoshinaka for not accusing the confinement of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
- に示した意味が転じて、現代では犯罪を犯した政治家等が、一定の立候補中止期間(冷却期間)を置く事の意味にも使われるようになっている。
- The first meaning of the word misogi has been extended to mean a certain (cooling-off) period during which a politician who has committed a crime withdraws from his candidacy.
- その意味では、『万葉集』という歌集の編纂事業は、恩赦により家持の罪が許された延暦25年(806年)にようやく完成したといってよい。
- In that sense, the editing of the 'Manyoshu' collection of poems was finally completed in 806 when Yakamochi was pardoned by a decree of amnesty.
- 前代の徳川綱吉の時代の生類憐れみの令を早くも綱吉死後の10日目には廃止し、これによって処罰されていた6000人以上の人の罪を解いた。
- Shorui-Awaremi-no-rei was repealed 10 days after the previous Shogun, Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA died and more than 6,000 people subject to the punishment were released.
- また官戸は同一身分との婚姻が定められ謀反・大逆罪を犯した者の父子で没官され戸をなすことが許された者、私鋳銭の従者などが官戸とされた。
- Those who regained their status through marriage to a partner of equal status after being stripped of their status for being the father or son of an individual who committed an act of treason as well as minters of private coinage were considered to be kanko.
- そのため、犯罪者の更生を主な目的とした収容施設を作ることを火付盗賊改方長官である長谷川宣以が松平定信に提案し、人足寄場が設置された。
- Therefore, Nobutame HASEGAWA, Director for Hitsuke Tozoku Aratame-kata (Investigative Division for Arson and Organized Robbery), suggested to Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA that an accomodation facility should be built mainly for the purpose of rehabilitation of criminals, so Ninsokuyoseba was set up.
- その際、小町がそれを自分のものと証明するために歌の書かれた紙を角盥漱で洗ったところ、文字が流れ落ちて黒主の罪が明らかになったという。
- Finding out the plagiarism, Komachi attempted to prove the true authorship of her work and therefore poured some water from her tsunohanzo onto a page on which the waka in question had been handwritten with Chinese ink by Kuronushi, so that the letters were washed out, thereby exposing Kuronushi's guilt.
- その美声が、後鳥羽上皇院の女房たちを魅了し、落髪して尼となったことで、上皇が激怒し、2僧を処刑した上で、法然を流罪としたものである。
- Their beautiful voices entranced the women in Retired Emperor Gotoba's Inner Court to the point that some had their hair shaved and became nuns, angering the Retired Emperor so much that he had the two monks executed and Honen exiled.
- 本来の律令法における趣旨は勅の手続に違う者に対して適用される罪であったが、後に勅の内容あるいは勅使に抵抗する行為を指すようになった。
- Based on the Ritsuryo law, the original purpose of the Ichoku was to apply the Charge of Ichoku to individuals who went against the procedures contained in an Imperial command, but in later years, the Ichoku changed to mean an act or behavior which signified resistance against an Imperial command or an Imperial envoy.
- 長州藩においては死罪相当の罪を犯した際に切腹が許されず、磔にされると定められており、犯罪行為の処罰についても武士とは区別されていた。
- In the Choshu Domain, ashigaru who committed capital crimes were not permitted to commit seppuku (ritual suicide by disembowelment) but were ordained to be crucified, so they were even differentiated from samurai with regard to criminal punishment.
- 宗教については、日蓮宗や浄土真宗といった厭世気分と免罪への求心から発しその後救世への渇望と強い結束を見せた宗派の布教が成功している。
- With respect to religion, propagation of religious schools that started with a pessimistic way of thinking and desire for indulgence and later showed anxiety for salvation and strong solidarity such as the Nichiren sect and Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) succeeded.
- 頼朝は平家の滅亡後、源氏一門の多くを謀叛の罪として処刑し、吉見氏の祖である範頼もその例に漏れなかったが、子孫は源氏の名門として存続。
- After the fall of the Heike family, Yoritomo executed many members of the Minamoto families on charge of rebellion including Noriyori, the first head of the Yoshimi clan, but Noriyori's descendants managed to survive as a distinguished family of the Minamoto clan.
- 翌年3月には平治の乱で配流されていた二条親政派の藤原経宗が帰京を許され、6月には時忠・源資賢が二条を賀茂社で呪詛した罪で配流された。
- In April of the following year, MINAMOTO no Sukekata, a member of the sect supporting direct Imperial rule by Emperor Nijo who had been deported as a result of the Heiji Disturbance, was allowed to return to the capital, and in July, Tokitada and MINAMOTO no Sukekata were deported for cursing Nijo at Kamo-sha Shrine.
- 同時にザビエルが驚いたことの一つは、キリスト教において重い罪とされていた男色(同性愛)が日本において公然と行われていたことであった。
- At the same time, one thing Xavier was surprised at was the fact that male homosexuality considered as a heavy sin in Christianity was publically accepted in Japan.
- 頼長の死後、長男藤原兼長・次男藤原師長・三男藤原隆長・四男範長は全て地方へ流罪となり、師長を除く三人はそれぞれの配所にて亡くなった。
- After Yorinaga's death, his eldest son FUJIWARA no Kanenaga, second son FUJIWARA no Moronaga, third son FUJIWARA no Takanaga, and fourth son Norinaga were all banished to the countryside, and with the exception of Moronaga, they died in their place of exile.
- 没後、冤罪が判明し、武則天より「大周故左武威衞大将軍検校左羽林軍贈左玉鈴大将軍燕国公黒歯府君」の称号を与えられ、その墓誌に刻まれた。
- After his death, it was revealed that he was killed on a false accusation and Busokuten awarded him the title of 大周故左武威衞大将軍検校左羽林軍贈左玉鈴大将軍燕国公黒歯府君, which was inscribed in his epitaph.
- 貞享4年(1687年)6月26日:旗本の秋田季品(中奥小姓秋田季久の嫡男)が吹矢で燕を撃ったため、代理として同家家臣多々越甚大夫が死罪
- On June 26th, 1687, Jintayu TATARA, a vassal of the AKITA family, was sentenced to death because Kihin AKITA (the heir of Suehisa AKITA, middle inner page, a direct retainer of Edo bakufu) shot a dart with a blowgun at a swallow.
- しかし、善人は天国へ行き、悪人は地獄へ落ちるという考え方も一般的なので、どんな悪行をはたらいても死んだら無罪(無罰)という訳ではない。
- However, the idea that the good go to heaven while the wicked go to hell is also common, so it is not that whatever misdeeds one has committed, one is justified (unpunished) after death.
- 嘉応元年(1169年)、尾張の知行国主・藤原成親の目代が日吉神社の神人と闘争事件を起こしたため、延暦寺は成親の流罪を要求して強訴する。
- In 1169 when the Lord of Owari Province, a local magistrate of FUJIWARA no Narichika, started a fight against Shito priest in Hie-jinja Shrine, Enryaku-ji Temple strongly demanded Narichika be banished.
- 犯した罪や穢れを除き去るための祓えの行事で、6月の大祓を夏越の祓(なごしのはらえ)、12月の大祓を年越の祓(としこしのはらえ)という。
- This is an event to remove committed sins and stains, and Oharae held in June and Oharae held in December are called Nagoshi no Oharae (great purification ceremony) and Toshikoshi no harae (Annual Shinto ritual of purification), respectively.
- 郡司は笞罪のみを決し、在京諸司は笞罪・杖罪を決し、国司は杖罪、徒罪、刑部省は徒罪、太政官は流罪、天皇は死罪を決するという規定であった。
- According to the rules, the gunji would decide only on whipping, the shoshi, in Kyoto, would decide on whipping and flogging, the kokushi on flogging and imprisonment, the gyobusho on imprisonment, the daijokan on banishment, and the Emperor on capital crime.
- 律令制には一種の罪刑法定主義の原則があって、裁判は成文の法規に準拠しなければならなかったが、天皇は法によって拘束されない存在であった。
- There was a kind of legality principle in the ritsuryo system, which required trials to comply with statutory law while the Emperor was not bound by law.
- 東雄の遺体は罪人として千住小塚原の回向院に埋葬されたが、明治2年(1869年)に水戸徳川家の援助により大阪天王寺の夕陽丘に改葬された。
- Azumao's body was buried as a criminal's in the Honjo-ecoin Temple in Senju kozukabara, and then reburied in Yuhigaoka, Tennoji in Osaka with the aid of the Mito Tokugawa family in 1869.
- 戦後、戦乱を招いた一方の当事者として信西の罪状が問われることになり、それに連座する形で子息達は悉く流罪となり、成憲も下野国に流された。
- After the war, Shinzei was accused of being responsible for the war and his sons were also all exiled for being implicated in it, among whom Shigenori was exiled to Shimotsuke Province.
- また、幕府が罪人を捜査する「検断権」も大寺社内には及ばず、そのため源義経や後醍醐天皇など、戦乱に追われた人々の多くが寺社にかくまわれた。
- The right for the bakufu to investigate wanted people, called 'Kendanken,' could not be enforced within large temple grounds and therefore many people who were escaping the war such as MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and Emperor Godaigo sought protection under the temples.
- また、武家も衆徒・大衆に武器を向ければ、今度はその武家を死罪 (律令法)・流罪などの重罪に処する様に求める強訴を引き起こすことになった。
- If a samurai family prepared an attack against monk-soldiers and goso-supporting people, they made goso on the samurai family and demanded that the family members should be punished with the death sentence, banishment, or other severe penalty.
- 政府は自由党を刺激するのを避けるために植木の容疑は不問として、檄文に署名した島根県の小原鉄臣ら酒造業者5名のみを不応為罪で禁錮刑とした。
- In an attempt to avoid stimulating the Liberal Party, the government sentenced only Tetsuomi KOHARA and four other brewers from Shimane Prefecture who signed the manifesto to imprisonment for fuoizai (a minor offense), without charging Ueki with anything.
- だが、それも親子愛からではなく、忠実が所有していた摂関家伝来の所領が罪人の財産として没収される事を忠通が恐れたからであると言われている。
- However, this was also not just because of filial love: it is said that Tadamichi was fearful that the hereditary house of Regents rights held by Tadazane would be forfeited as part of the assets of a criminal.
- 正式名称は、国分寺が金光明四天王護国之寺(こんこうみょうしてんのうごこくのてら)、国分尼寺が法華滅罪之寺(ほっけめつざいのてら)である。
- The more formal name for the 'kokubunji' was 'konkomyo-shitenno-gokoku no tera' (meaning 'temples for the protection of the country by the four guardian deities of the golden light') and the more formal name for the 'kokubunniji' was 'hokke-metsuzai no tera' (meaning 'nunneries for eliminating sin by means of the Lotus Sutra').
- 文覚自身は罪を得て対馬(隠岐とする説もある)に流され、配流先で生涯を終えたが、神護寺の再興は弟子の上覚(上覚房行慈)によって完遂された。
- Mongaku himself was found guilty of a plot and exiled to Tsushima Island (other theories claim it to be the Oki Islands) where he lived out the remainder of his days, but the restoration of Jingo-ji Temple was completed by his disciple Jokaku (Jokakubo Gyoji).
- そこで「神社事」・「国分寺事」・「庸調事」・「禁制事」・「断罪贖銅事」などのように事例ごとに類聚して90篇(現存82篇)にまとめられた。
- Therefore, the regulations were organized in 90 parts (82 are existing) by grouping them into cases including 'Jinshagoto,' 'Kokubunjigoto,' 'Yochogoto,' 'kinseigoto,' and 'Danzaishokudogoto.'
- 死罪(しざい)とは、江戸時代に庶民に科されていた6種類ある死刑のうちの一つで、斬首により命を絶ち、死骸を試し斬りにする斬首刑の刑罰のこと。
- Shizai is one of the 6 types of capital punishment imposed on commoner criminals in the Edo Period, in which the criminal was beheaded and the corpse was used to test the sharpness of swords.
- 了心に、百両と絵図面を大星由良之介に届けるように頼み、自分の犯した罪を打ち明け、もはや仇討ちに加わることは出来ないので、自害しようとする。
- He asks Ryoshin to deliver the 100 ryo and the drawing to Yuranosuke OBOSHI (the ex-leader of the retainers of the Enya family and the leader of the avengers) and confesses his crimes, then saying he no longer hope to join the avengers, he tries to commit suicide.
- 天皇は翌元弘2年 / 正慶元年(1332年)隠岐島に流罪となり、幕府は邦良親王の次に予定されていた持明院統の光厳天皇を替わりに即位させる。
- In the following year, 1332, he was exiled to the Oki Island, and the Bakufu (Shogunate), in turn, enthroned Emperor Kogon, who was planned to succeed to the throne after Prince Kuniyoshi.
- 臨終の時に、まさに地獄に堕さんとした時、阿弥陀仏の十力威徳、光明神通、五分法身(ごぶほっしん)を聞いて、80億劫の生死の罪業を滅除される。
- At the time of death, the moment they are going to hell, they listen to jurikiitoku (dignity), koumeishintsu (light on everything, which can salvage people reciting sutra) and gobuhosshin (five steps for ascetic practice) of Amida Buddha, so, they are granted a pardon for their 800 million atrocious crimes.
- 穴穂皇子が率いる兵に包囲され、大前宿禰の計らいで戦は避けられたが、軽皇子は自裁した(尚、『古事記』では道後温泉に流罪となったと記される)。
- Although Karu no Miko was beleaguered by the soldiers led by Anaho no Miko, the battle was avoided at the discretion of Omae no Sukune, and Karu no Miko killed himself (but, according to ''Kojiki'' [literally, the Records of Ancient Matters], Karu no Miko was exiled to Dogo-onsen).
- 越境してきた密偵はたとえ幕府関係者であろうと厳しく断罪し、情報の漏洩防止に努め、密貿易によって外貨を蓄え続け、幕府に勝る軍事力を獲得した。
- Any spies entering its territory were severely punished, even if they were related to Bakufu, and thereby the clan endeavored to avoid the leakage of information, continued to accumulate foreign currency through secret trade with overseas countries, and acquired military power exceeding that of Bakufu.
- 大化2年(646年)3月19日、東国の国司の仕事振りを監察した使者の言で、紀麻利耆拖の犯した罪に関連して、犬飼五十君も過失があるとされた。
- On April 12, 646, the emissary carried out the investigation over the work performance of Kokushis in Togoku including KI no Marikita, and tendered a report that disclosed the misgovernment of Kokushi and the involvement of INUKAI no Ikimi.
- この事件で光信は罪を問われて土佐国へ流刑となったが、事件の背後には白河院没後の故院勢力(平忠盛ら)と摂関家および太上天皇との争いがあった。
- Mitsunobu was charged with this incident and deported to Tosa Province, but behind the incident was a fight between the warrior's force being granted the privilege of the ex-emperor (including TAIRA no Tadamori), Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), and Daijo Tenno (the retired Emperor) after the demise of the Retired Emperor Shirakawa.
- 一方、鹿児島から帰京した川村中将から西郷軍の問罪出兵の報を得た政府は2月19日、鹿児島県逆徒征討の詔を発し、正式に西郷軍への出兵を決定した。
- On the other hand, Vice Admiral KAWAMURA returned from Kagoshima to Tokyo and reported to the government that Saigo's army was approaching to censure the government; and on February 19, the government issued an Imperial edict to defeat the rebels of Kagoshima and formally decided to dispatch troops against Saigo's army.
- さらに、浅野内匠頭が切腹になったのに吉良上野介が無罪になったことの不当性を、本来は幕府に訴えて、裁判により明らかにすべきであると論じている。
- And he went on to say that the judgment by the government was not adequate to make ASANO Takumi-no-kami to kill himself, leaving the other party KIRA Kozuke-no-suke non-guilty; the ideal closing should have been to bring the case to the government to resolve by court.
- 秦・前漢代においては、官奴婢は戦争捕虜や重罪を犯した氏族が中核を占めており主に官営工場の労働や牧場などでの馬・鳥・犬などの飼育を行っていた。
- In the periods of Qin and former Han dynasty, Kannuhi whose core consisted of prisoners of war and clans committing a serious crime was mainly engaged in the work at a government-owned factory or in breeding horses, birds, dogs and so on at a stock farm.
- 官符によって正当な軍事動員権を獲得した受領は、国衙における軍事指揮者である追捕使・押領使・警固使に凶党捜索や犯罪捜査などの追捕活動を命じた。
- Receiving the kanpu and provided with the right to mobilize soldiers for military purposes, zuryo ordered Tsuibushi, Oryoshi, or Keigoshi, who was the leader of military affairs in the kokuga, to take the actions of searching for and capturing gangsters.
- 市における不正及び犯罪の防止や交易における度量衡の管理、物価の監視などにあたる他、時に応じて公用に供する物資の調達にもあたったとされている。
- Prevented from fraud and crime in the cities, managed scales and measures on commerce, monitored prices, and worked on procurement of commodity for public use when necessary.
- 昭和初期(戦前)、津田左右吉は記紀が天皇家の日本統治の正当性を高めるために高度な政治的な理由で編纂されたとの意見を表現し、有罪判決を受けた。
- In the early Showa period (before the World War II) Sokichi TSUDA was convicted for expressing that Kojiki and Nihon Shoki ('A Record of Ancient Matters' and 'The Chronicles of Japan') were compiled by a highly political reason to raise the legitimacy of the Imperial family, the ruler of Japan.
- 正信の嫡男・堀田正休は父の罪を許されて天和 (日本)2年(1682年)3月に1万石の大名として復帰を許され、上野国吉井藩の藩主に封じられた。
- Masanobu's heir, Masayasu HOTTA was excused in April 1682, regaining a status of daimyo appointed to lord of the Yoshii Domain in Kozuke Province with 10,000 koku.
- 天下のため護摩供養をしていると道真の霊があらわれ「自分は冤罪で左遷され死にいたったので、雷となって内裏に行き恨みをはらそうと思う」と述べる。
- When Hossho-bo was praying to invoke divine help for the world, the ghost of Michizane appeared and said 'I was relegated and died due to a false charge and, therefore, I will become thunder and have my revenge on the Imperial Court precincts.'
- また、「三代実録」の編纂には道真自身も関与していたために完成前にその草稿を保有しており、流罪前にその草稿を元にして加筆されたとする説がある。
- And the other theory is that since Michizane himself was involved in the compilation of the 'Sandai Jitsuroku' and had the draft before its completion, he added a few touches to it before his exile.
- 事件後すぐさま宮内省に自首し、同年7月27日午前10時頃に死刑を宣告されると同日午前11時半に市ヶ谷監獄にて他の5人と共に斬罪に処せられた。
- Immediately after the incident he reported to Imperial Household Ministry, sentenced to death at 10 o'clock am on July 27th in the same year and killed with other five persons at the Ichigaya Prison at 11 o'clock am.
- 大祓(おおはらえ)とは、古来6月及び12月の晦日(つごもり)に、親王以下在京の百官を朱雀門の前に集めて、万民の罪や穢(けがれ)を祓った神事。
- Oharae is an ancient Shinto purification ritual in which one-hundred court officials (including imperial princes) gathered in front of the Suzaku-mon Gate on the last day of the sixth and twelfth months of the year to cleanse people of their sins and purify them.
- さらに、以前兄藤原斉明を追捕した検非違使源忠良を射たり、988年(永延2年)閏5月には藤原景斉・茜是茂の屋敷への強盗を行うなどの罪を重ねた。
- In addition, he committed various other crimes such as shooting an arrow at kebiishi (a police and judicial chief) MINAMOTO no Tadayoshi who had once captured Yasusuke's older brother FUJIWARA no Tadaakira, and robbing the residences of FUJIWARA no Kagenari and Koreshige AKANE in June 988.
- 治承3年(1179年)11月に起こった平清盛のクーデター(治承三年の政変)で解官・流罪に処された官人の一人に平時家(時忠の先妻の子)もいた。
- TAIRA no Tokiie (Tokitada's first wife's son) was among the court officials who were discharged from their official positions and exiled to remote islands after TAIRA no Kiyomori's coup d'etat (Coup of the Third Year of Jisho) in December 1179.
- 戦後、家盛は徳川家康から石田方に与した罪により改易されそうになるが、義兄の池田輝政の尽力や石田三成の挙兵の報告をした功があるとして許された。
- After the battle, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was about to punish Iemori by means of Kaieki (forfeit rank of Samurai and properties) on the ground that Iemori had taken sides with the Ishida's alliance, but Iemori was forgiven taking into account a petition for mercy made by Terumasa IKEDA, who was Iemori's older brother-in-law, as well as Iemori's distinguished war service in terms of his report of the rise of Mitsunari Ishida's army.
- 連子は天智天皇の正式な即位を見ないまま死去し、赤兄ともう一人の弟である蘇我果安は壬申の乱で弘文天皇側について敗れ、それぞれ流罪・自害となった。
- Murajiko died before Emperor Tenchi was officially enthroned, and Akae and his other younger brother SOGA no Hatayasu both of whom took the side of Emperor Kobun during the Jinshin War were respectively deported and prompted to commit suicide upon their defeat.
- 江戸時代、大名家が改易されると、何らかの重い罪を受けての場合は大名は斬首(島原の乱の松倉勝家)または切腹(元禄赤穂事件の浅野長矩など)となる。
- In the Edo period, when a Daimyo family became subject to kaieki, they were beheaded (Katsuike MATSUKURA in the Shimabara War, for example) or were forced to carry out Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) (Naganori ASANO in the Genroku Ako Incident, for example) if they committed a serious crime.
- 沢と井上から「中心人物の処刑と一般信徒の流罪」という厳罰の提案を受けた政府では4月25日(5月17日)に大阪で御前会議を開いてこれを討議した。
- Following a proposal of severe punishment of 'execution for leading figures and deportation for other general Christians' made by Sawa and Inoue, the government held a conference in the presence of the emperor in Osaka on May 17 to discuss the proposed punishment.
- ところが、越訴・直訴に際して徒党を組んだり、徒党によって一揆や強訴などの実力行使に及んだ場合はそちらの方が罪が重く、その指導者は極刑にされた。
- However, forming a faction for osso/jikiso or the faction's resort to force such as ikki or goso were regarded as a more serious crime and their leaders were given a capital punishment.
- 無宿には、江戸時代は連座の制度があったため、その累が及ぶことを恐れた親族から不行跡を理由に勘当された町人、軽罪を犯して追放刑を受けた者もいた。
- Since guilt-by-association system was taken in the Edo period, some mushuku were townspeople who had been disowned by his family because of his misconduct for fear of being involved in, and people who had been transported due to misdemeanor.
- 本来、徒党を組んでの討ち入りは死罪に値するものの、忠義を奨励していた将軍綱吉や側用人柳沢吉保をはじめとする幕閣は死罪か助命かで対応に苦慮した。
- Those who made raids usually received the death penalty; however, since Shogun Tsunayoshi and the cabinet officials of the Shogunate, such as his chamberlain Yoshiyasu YANAGISAWA, encouraged heroic deeds, they struggled between terminating and saving their lives.
- 人足寄場(にんそくよせば)、正式名称火付盗賊改方人足寄場(かやくがたにんそくよせば)とは江戸幕府の設置した軽罪人・虞犯者の自立支援施設である。
- Ninsokuyoseba, Hitsuke Tozoku Aratame-kata Ninsokuyoseba by formal name, was a self-support facility set up by the Edo Shogunate for minor offenders and those who are likely to commit crimes.
- 農民5名が「暴動首魁ノ所為」、雲龍寺住職1名が「暴動教唆ノ所為」、農民17名が「扇動の所為」で、それぞれ重罪、残りの28名は軽罪で起訴された。
- Five peasants were charged with collective rioting and Unryu-ji Temple's chief priest was charged with masterminding a riot and seventeen peasants were charged with fomenting a riot, and the rest of twenty-eight peasants were charged with a minor offense.
- だが、翌年には早くも天皇の異母弟伊予親王が突然謀反の罪を着せられて死に追い込まれるなど、皇位継承を巡る宮廷内部の紛争は収まる事を知らなかった。
- But there was an incessant string of disputes over the imperial succession inside the court, such as the emperor's brother by a different mother, Imperial Prince Iyo, being framed with the crime of plotting a rebellion and driven to death the next year.
- 1180年(治承4年)、伊豆国に流罪となっていた義朝の子源頼朝、木曽では義賢の子源義仲らが京都の平氏政権に対して挙兵し、治承・寿永の乱となる。
- In 1180, Yoshitomo's child, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who had been exiled in Izu Province, and Yoshikata's child, MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, etc. in Kiso raised armies against the Taira clan government in Kyoto, which led to the Jisho-Juei War.
- 兼家の昇進も止まってしまい、『栄華物語』によれば兼通は「できることなら九州にでも遷してやりたいものだが、罪がないのでできない」と発言している。
- Kaneie's promotions had stopped by then, and according to 'Eiga Monogatari' (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes), Kanemichi commented that he 'wishes he could transfer Kaneie to Kyushu or some other place, but he could not because Kaneie did not commit any crime.'
- これによって大宰府は、刀伊の賊の正体と捕虜の消息を知る事が出来たのだが、渡海の禁を破って密出国した諸近は、罪人として禁固刑に処されてしまった。
- The reports enabled the officials at Dazai-fu to learn who Toi was and the whereabouts of the Japanese captives, but Morochika, who had broken the prohibition against overseas travel, was imprisoned as a criminal.
- 兄が鹿児島で家を再生したが、罪を犯して名跡を取り上げられたのに連座して量次郎は沖永良島へ遠島になったとされる(鹿児島立図書館の紹介文による)。
- In Kagoshima, his older brother began some work and readjusted the family, however he committed a crime and the family name was taken; and Ryojiro was implicated in that and sent to Okinoerabu-jima Island (according to the description from the Kagoshima Prefectural Library).
- 2ヶ月ほどで帰郷し通常脱藩は死罪であったが、新平の見識を高く評価した藩主・鍋島直正の直截裁断により永蟄居(無期謹慎)に罪を軽減されたとされる。
- He returned home after two months and although it was a capital offence to leave one's domain, the domain lord Naomasa NABESHIMA highly regarded Shinpei's views and reduced his punishment to indefinite house arrest via his own direct judgement.
- 父義朝は平治の乱で討たれ、同母兄弟の頼朝・源希義が流罪となったのち、坊門姫は後藤実基に預けられ、都で密かに匿われて育てられた(『平治物語』)。
- After her father, Yoshitomo, was killed in the Heiji War and Yoritomo and MINAMOTO no Mareyoshi, her brothers, were exiled, Bomon-hime was entrusted to Sanemoto GOTO and was brought up in the capital secretly. ('Heiji monogatari')
- 首塚(くびづか)とは、合戦などにおいて討ち取られた者の首、捕虜に取られた者の首、あるいは斬首刑にされた罪人の首を供養するための「塚」の事である。
- Kubizuka (tomb of heads) is a tomb for the repose of those souls whose heads (kubi; literally means neck in Japanese) were severed because they were killed in battles and the likes, or captured, or punished by beheadings.
- 康定が伝えた頼朝の申状は、「平家横領の神社仏寺領の本社への返還」「平家横領の院宮諸家領の本主への返還」「降伏者は斬罪にしない」と言うものだった。
- Yoritomo's moshijo (a document format for communicating something from a lower person to an upper person) that Yasusada had brought stated that 'The estate of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples that the Taira clan embezzled will be returned to the main shrine,' 'The estate of ingu (retired emperor, retired emperor who became a priest, imperial lady, grand empress dowager, empress dowager, empress consorts and crown prince) families that the Taira clan embezzled will be returned to the honshu (proprietor or guarantor of the manor),' and that 'Those who surrender will not be subject to execution by decapitation.'
- 松山藩は騒動の首謀者を死罪にするため、中央政府に御仕置伺い書を提出したが、良民にたいし危害を加えたわけではないとして徒刑(懲役)の処罰となった。
- Matsuyama domain submitted a letter to the central government to condemn the leader of the riot to death, however the leader was sentenced to penal servitude because he didn't harm law-abiding people.
- 承元の法難(じょうげんのほうなん)とは、法然が率いる専修念仏の衆徒が弾圧され、法然以下、親鸞ら中心的な僧徒が各地に流罪となった事件のことである。
- Jogen no Honan was an incident where monks following Senju-Nenbutsu (intently praying to Buddha) led by Honen were suppressed and Honen, Shinran and other monks with central roles were exiled throughout the country.
- 時忠は神鏡を守った功績により死罪一等を減じられたとされるが(『吾妻鏡』5月16日条)、武士ではなく文官であり死刑が予定されていたかは疑問である。
- Although it is said that punishment against Tokitada was reduced by one rank from death because of his merits of having protected the sacred mirror (Article in June 22 for 'Azuma Kagami'), it is questionable if the death sentence was really intended, because Tokitada was not a samurai but a civilian.
- 延暦寺は朝廷と幕府に二人の死罪を求めるが、幕府はこれを放置し、延暦寺がさらに強く抗議を行った結果、二人は上総国山辺郡 (上総国)へ一時流される。
- Enryaku-ji Temple required the Imperial Court and the bakufu to sentence both of them to death, but the bakufu left the matter as it was; after Enryaku-ji Temple made a stronger protest, both of them were temporarily exiled to Yamabe-gun, Kazusa Province (Kazusa Province).
- 1877年の西南戦争では、明治天皇の奈良行幸における事務や吉野宮造営の建議などを行っており、西南戦争に関与しておらず罪に問われることはなかった。
- At the Seinan War he was not accused of a crime because he had not been involved in the war, having been involved in the secretary work of the Imperial visit to Nara and proposal of construction of Yoshino no miya Shrine.
- この豊竹座時代の作風は、人間の本能の激しさ、罪業の深さ、封建社会の矛盾などを緻密な構成と写実的な筆致で描き出しているため非常に暗い、といわれる。
- His works of this period at Toyotakeza Theater is said to be very depressing with elaborate framework and the realistic description: fiery instinct and sinfulness of people, and contradictions in feudal society.
- 法然は建永2年(1207年)には讃岐国(香川県)に流罪となり、4年後の建暦元年(1211年)には許されて都に戻るが、翌年の1月、80歳で没した。
- In 1207, Honen was exiled to Sanuki Province (modern day Kagawa Prefecture) but was pardoned 4 years later in 1211 and returned to Kyoto where he died the following January aged 80.
- 1739年(元文4年)『大嘗会便蒙』(だいじょうえべんもう)を出版したが、朝廷の秘儀を公開した罪で筆禍をこうむり、100日間の閉門に処せられた。
- In 1739, he published 'Daijoe Benmo' (the guide to banquet on the occasion of the first ceremonial offering of rice by the newly-enthroned emperor); however, he got into trouble for disclosing a secret ceremony for the Imperial court and was sentenced to 100 days' home confinement.
- このたびもまもなく復帰するが、今度は文治元年(1185年)源義経・源行家の謀叛への係累を疑われて、三度目の解官、さらには伊豆国への流罪となった。
- While Yasutsune soon returned to his previous post that time, he was subsequently removed from office for the third time and was also banished to Izu Province under suspicion of involving in the rebellion by MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and MINAMOTO no Yukiie in 1185.
- 結果として、福西・関・岡・志賀らの老臣が流罪・追放されるだけでなく、家老の蒲生郷喜の弟である蒲生郷舎も暇を出され、召し放つ事態に陥ってしまった。
- Consequently, his old retainers such as Fukunishi, Seki, Oka, and Shiga were expelled and banished, and further, Satoie GAMO, the younger brother of the chief retainer Satoyoshi GAMO, was given free time and was deprived of his official rank.
- ナマズが地震を起こしたことを謝罪したり、震災復興を手伝ったりするユニークなパターンも、いわゆる「世直し鯰」の構図としてさまざまな作品が作られた。
- Various works were produced using unique patterns in which a catfish apologized for causing the earthquake or a catfish was helping the restoration after the earthquake in compositions of so-called 'yonaosi namazu' (catfish reforming society).
- 罪人に対して科されるため、漢代以前には、外性器を切り落とした後も十分な治療もされず、熱した土に首から下を埋めるなどの荒っぽい方法がとられたという。
- Since this was the penalty conducted against criminals, they were not treated well after the excision of the genitals, and a rough treatment method was taken by burying them under heated soil to their neck, which was seen among those castration penalty cases conducted before the Han Dynasty period.
- この事実を知った照手姫も密かに横山の屋敷を抜け出したものの不義の罪により相模川に沈められかけるが、危ういところを金沢六浦の漁師によって助けられる。
- The Princess Terute, who discovered the fact and secretly ran away from Yokoyama's residence, was charged with immorality and almost drowned in Sagami-gawa River, but was narrowly saved by a fisherman in Kanazawa Mutsuura.
- 市中引き回し(しちゅうひきまわし)は、江戸時代における日本の刑罰で、罪人を馬に乗せ、罪状を書いた捨札等と共に刑場まで公開で連行していくものである。
- Shichu-hikimawashi was a kind of punishment in the Edo period, whereby a criminal was brought through the streets in public on horseback to the execution ground, together with 'sutefuda' (official notice board stating the details about the criminal and the crime).
- また旭日章 (警察章)が司法機関紋章であり使用出来ない(軽犯罪法による規制)ため、探偵業者が権威を表現するために自社の表号として使用する例がある。
- The Order of the Rising Sun (Keisatsu-sho, police design) is an emblem of the chamber (regulation by Minor Offense Act) so that you cannot use it; there are some examples of detectives using the design of Kikukamon as a symbol of their company to represent the authority.
- 翌2年4月24日、花山天皇奉射・東三条院呪詛・大元帥法を行った罪状三ヶ条を以って出雲国権守に左遷された(内大臣だった同母兄伊周は大宰権帥に左遷)。
- On May 19 of the following year, 996, he was demoted to Izumo no kuni Gon no kami (Provisional Governor of Izumo Province) over three charges that he had criticized Emperor Kazan, had placed a curse on Higashi-sanjoin, and had participated in Daigensuiho (magic rituals of Shingon esoteric Buddhism) (His older half brother Korechika, Naidaijin (Minister of the Interior), was also demoted to Dazai gon no sochi (Provisional Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices).
- しかし治承3年(1179年)、平清盛のクーデタによって後白河法皇が鳥羽殿に幽閉されると、法皇の側近であった業房も解官の上、伊豆国に流罪に処された。
- However, when the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa was confined within his Toba-den (residence of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa), Narifusa, who was the close associate of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa was dismissed from his office and was exiled to Izu Province.
- ここでの法然の布教活動は、流罪となった晩年の数年間を除き、浄土宗を開宗する43歳から生涯を閉じた80歳までの長きにわたり、浄土宗の中心地となった。
- With the exception of the later years spent in exile, Honen's teaching took place on this site from his establishment of the Pure Land Sect at age 43 to his death at age 80; making a Pure Land sect center.
- しかし、兵糧攻めにより10月下旬に吉川経家が自刃し、城が開城すると中村春続と同様に戦乱を起こした罪によって切腹を命じられて11月20日、自刃した。
- However, after Tsuneie KIKKAWA committed suicide with his sword in near the end of October because of starvation policy by Hedeyoshi and Doyo surrendered the castle to the enemy, he and Harutsugu NAKAMURA were commanded to commit seppuku on the charge of starting the war, and committed suicide with his sword on November 30.
- 三代征夷大将軍足利義満の時、頼康は管領細川頼之と不和になって勝手に帰国してしまい、義満を激怒させ討伐令を出されたことがある(後に謝罪して許された)。
- During the period, under the third shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Yoriyasu invoked the wrath of Yoshimitsu because he returned to his own province without permission due to a feud with Shogunal Deputy Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, and Yoshimitsu even issued a punitive order (later, Yoriyasu apologized was forgiven).
- 唐律令の「十悪」を元にしているが、「不睦」(家庭不和)「内乱」(一族を乱す犯罪、特に不倫、近親相姦など。現在の内乱と意味は異なる)2つを除いている。
- It is based on 'Juaku' (ten evils) in the Tang Ritsuryo Code, but 'Fuboku' (family trouble) and 'Nairan' (crimes that disturb the family, particularly adultery, incest etc.; the meaning is different from that of today) were excluded.
- 罪無くして死んだ父を弔い、また父の雪辱を果たすべく雄略への復讐に走ることもあったが、長く辺土で苦労した経験から民衆を愛する政治を執ったと伝えられる。
- Holding memorial services for his father who was murdered without any crime and sometimes retaliating against the murderer Yuryaku, the Emperor is said to have conducted the affairs of the state with love for the common people, which arose from his experience of having had a tough time in far-off places.
- 更に11日には陣定の最中に、天皇から頭中将藤原斉信に対して内大臣伊周・中納言隆家の罪名勘申の旨を有司に伝達するように命令が出されて道長に伝えられた。
- Further, on March 8, at Jin no sadame (Cabinet Council), the Emperor ordered To no chujo (the first secretary's captain) FUJIWARA no Tadanobu to send the order to submit a kanjin (a report requested from specialists concerning precedents for court rituals or other issues) on accusations against Naidaijin Korechika and Chunagon Takaie to court officials, and the order was brought to Michinaga.
- 大治 (日本)5年(1130年)、闘乱事件の罪により兄源光信の土佐国配流が決定すると、光保もこれに連座して兵衛府の任を解かれたが間もなく還任される。
- In 1130, when his elder brother MINAMOTO no Mitsunobu, accused of the Toran-jiken (Brawling Incident), was sentenced to the deportation to Tosa Province, Mitsuyasu's involvement was also implicated and he was removed from the post of Hyoe-fu; however, before long, he was reappointed to the former position.
- しかし「元命朝臣は猶悪事止まずして国人に憎まれ、終わりをよくせざりしとぞ、(その郎党の)為家は罪業恐ろしくおもいて、六角二階の伽藍を営み・・・」と。
- However, folklore goes on to say, 'Motonaga Ason (second highest of the eight hereditary titles) was detested by the local people because he would not stop his wrongdoings until his death, thus (his retainer) Tameie felt horrendous about Motonaga's sins and constructed a hexagonal, two-story Buddhist temple...'
- 伊賀の方は幽閉の身となったが、異母弟の政村や事件に関わった有力御家人の三浦義村は不問に付せられ、流罪となった伊賀光宗も間もなく許されて復帰している。
- Though Iga no Kata was placed in confinement, Masamura, Yasutoki's younger half-brother by a different mother, and Yoshimura MIURA, one of the influential gokenin involved in the incident, weren't accused and soon Mitsumune IGA, who had been sent into exile, was forgiven and recovered his position.
- 輔道が言うところによると、現世の罪を裁く閻魔大王から、(泰山府君祭による)すばらしいお供え物があったことから、現世に返してやるべきとの評定があった。
- According to Sukemichi, Enma Daio (the King of Hell), who passed judgment on worldly crimes, decided to return Sukemichi to his life on the earth because of the splendid offerings made for the Taizanfukunsai.
- 死罪の理由は定かではなく、大徳寺山門(金毛閣)改修に当たって増上慢があったため(自身の雪駄履きの木像を楼門の二階に設置し、その下を秀吉に通らせた)。
- The reason why Hideyoshi sentenced Rikyu to die isn't clear, but there are some views about it. When the gate of Daitoku-ji Temple (Kimokaku) was renovated, Rikyu placed a wooden statue of himself shod in straw sandals on top of the gate; passing under the statue was humiliating for Hideyoshi.
- 旧刑法116条は日本の皇室に対して適用されるものであって、外国の皇族に対する犯罪は想定されておらず、法律上は一般人と全く同じ扱いにせざるを得なかった。
- The court judged that the article 116 could be applied to only the Japanese Imperial family, and it did not state about criminals against foreign imperial families, so they had to apply the law for ordinary people to the Nicholas's case.
- 久安3年(1147年)の、平忠盛・平清盛親子の流罪を要求した延暦寺の強訴においては、延暦寺に同調する藤原頼長の意見を抑えて忠盛・清盛の擁護を進言した。
- He spoke out for the protection of Tadamori and Kiyomori when Enryaku-ji Temple strongly demanded the exile of TAIRA no Tadamori (son) and Kiyomori (father) in 1147 by quelling the opinion of FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, who sided with the Enryaku-ji Temple.
- しかし、評定の際に陰陽道の専門家でもない者(有国)が泰山府君祭を行うことは大罪であるため、輔道の代わりに有国をあの世に呼び寄せるべきとの意見があった。
- However, during the consultation, there was an opinion that, because it was a serious offense for a person who was not an expert in Onmyodo (an occult divination system based on Yin and Yang) to perform Taizanfukunsai, Arikuni should be brought to the other world in Sukemichi's place.
- 無罪判決となるも、提出物は裁判が終了してもすぐに返還がかなわず、それら原本は太平洋戦争中の空襲により『吉備津彦命兵法之巻』などを焼失したとされている。
- Although a decision of 'not guilty' was obtained, the submitted materials were not returned immediately after the conclusion of the trial and the original documents such as '吉備津彦命兵法之巻' were were reportedly destroyed by firebecause of air raids during the Pacific War.
- 1988年 ロナルド・レーガン大統領が『市民自由法』に署名し、人種差別に基づく日系人強制収容の事実の謝罪と一人につき2万ドルの補償をおこなうことを決定。
- In 1988, Ronald REAGAN signed the 'Civil Liberties Act,' deciding to apologize for the Japanese American Internment based on racial discrimination and to grant the survivors 20,000 dollars per person in compensation.
- 赤旗事件で有罪となって獄中にいた大杉栄、荒畑寒村、堺利彦、山川均は事件の連座を免れたが、数多くの同志を失い、しばらくの期間、運動が沈滞することになった。
- Although Sakae OSUGI, Kanson ARAHATA, Toshihiko SAKAI and Hitoshi YAMAKAWA, who were serving their sentence for the Red Flag Incident, were not charged for complicity, they lost many comrades and the movement stalled for a while.
- たとえば紀元前の戦国時代 (中国)の『楚辞』には宋玉の「招魂篇」では罪なく奸人に追われて死んだ屈原を偲び、その魂の離散を恐れ、呼び戻す為に行われている。
- For instance, 'Kinji' (a collection of literary works in Chinese history) written in the Warring States Period (in China) before common era states that according to 'shokonhen' (the section of soul summoning rite) of Sogyoku, the rite was performed to bring back the soul of Kutsugen (a Chinese scholar-official), who was pursued and killed by the villain even though he had no fault, so that his soul won't wonder around.
- これらの行為は徒罪の対象であり、特に父母(祖父母)への訴訟は死罪_(律令法)の1つである絞に処せられて、皇族や公卿でも減刑されることが無い重罪とされた。
- Punishment for these behaviors was imprisonment, and especially filing a lawsuit against parent(s) (or grandparent(s)) meant death by hanging, which was one of death penalties (in Ritsuryo law), and was regarded as a serious crime that even a member of the Imperial Family or Kugyo (court nobles) could not obtain reduced sentences.
- 同時に、私鋳を行った者に対して官位剥奪、杖罪などを適用されることが規定されたが私鋳は止まず、後に首謀者に対する刑は死罪 (律令法)に引き上げられている。
- Although the law to strip the court ranks of those who carried out the act of shichusen and to give them a flogging was also laid down at the same time the ban the issued, production of shichusen did not stop, and in later years, the punishment given to the ringleader of the crime became more and more severe to the point where the death penalty was given to the criminals under the Ritsuryo code of law.
- 更に同年4月15日には、流罪となっていた塩焼王を許して京に入ることを許していることから、実態は不明ながら京(紫香楽京)の範囲が設定されていたとみられる。
- It is assumed that the area of the capital (Shigaraki no miya) was specified since Prince Shioyaki who had been transported was forgiven to enter into the capital in April 15, 745; the reality was uncertain.
- 井上内親王と他戸親王の不自然な死、治世のはじめに、皇太子とした弟早良親王を藤原種継暗殺の廉で785年流罪とし配所で死なしめたという暗い面も持ち合わせた。
- There is a sad aspect that Imperial Princess Inoe and Imperial Prince Osabe had an unnatural death, or that his brother, Imperial Prince Sawara, who was the first prince when the Kammu government started, was accused of assassinating FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu; he was sentenced to deportation in 785 and died.
- 当初、柴の行為に問題無しとして念のため会津藩から医師と謝罪の使者を送り、これに対し土佐藩側も最初に名乗らなかった麻田にも落ち度があると理解を示していた。
- At first, Shiba's action was passed and the Aizu clan dispatched a doctor and a messenger to apologize to the Tosa clan; the Tosa clan responded by mentioning that Asada was also to blame for not having mentioned his name in the beginning.
- 上表を行う者が男性であれば「臣」、女性であれば「妾」からと自称し、表の書出しは「臣(妾)某言」、書止は「臣(妾)某誠惶誠恐頓首頓首死罪死罪謹言」となる。
- If the person who did Johyo was a male, they addressed themselves as '臣' and if they were females they used '妾', and the beginning of their sentences were to have '臣(妾)某言' and their endings were to have '臣(妾)某誠惶誠恐頓首頓首死罪死罪謹言' (Yours faithfully).
- 大泊瀬皇子(後の雄略)の軍によって宅を包囲された大臣は、王の引き渡しを拒否し、娘の韓媛と「葛城の宅七区」(記に「五処の屯倉」)とを献上して贖罪を請うた。
- Having his residence sourrounded by Prince Ohatsuse (later called Yuryaku)'s army, Tsubura no Okimi made a piacular offering of his daughter, Karahime and 'seven districts in the Katsuraki residence (recorded as 'five locations under miyake, Imperial-controlled territory' in the Nihonshoki),' but he rejected to hand over Prince Mayowa to them.
- 勇子は伯父ならば自分の気持ちを理解してくれるだろうと考え、「このまま帰られたのでは、わざわざ京都まで行って謝罪した天皇陛下の面目が立たない」と口説いた。
- Since Yuko thought her uncle would understand her thoughts, she asked him to do something, explaining 'if the crown prince returns like that, our Emperor who went all the way to Kyoto to apologize would lose face.'
- 辞世の句は「罪をきる弥陀の剣にかかる身のなにか五つの障りあるべき」(慈悲深い弥陀様の剣に斬られる私に、どうして往生できない五つの罪があるのでしょうか)。
- Her death poem was 'I will be killed by the sword of merciful Mida (Amitabha) who brings criminals to justice, and I have certainly not committed any of the five sins that prevents someone from ascending to heaven'.
- 一度は女三宮とその愛人の柏木に怒りをつのらせた源氏であったが、生まれた子ども(薫)を見て、これが若い日の罪の報いであったことに気づかされる(因果応報)。
- Although Genji's anger builds up against Onna San no Miya and her lover Kashiwagi, he sees a newborn baby (Kaoru) and realizes that it is the fruit of the sin that he committed in his youth (karmic retribution).
- そこで政府は事件を所轄する裁判官に対して旧刑法116条に規定する天皇や皇族に対して危害を与えたものに適用すべき大逆罪によって死刑を適用するよう働きかけた。
- Therefore, the Japanese government applied pressure to the Court to try Tsuda under Article 116 of the Criminal Code, which demanded death penalty for acts against the Emperor, or members of the Imperial family.
- 盛親以外には、細川興秋は父・細川忠興から自刃を命じられ、増田長盛は盛次の罪を背負う形で配流先の岩槻区で、また古田重然は国松を匿った疑いでそれぞれ自刃した。
- Besides Morichika, Okiaki HOSOKAWA was ordered by his father to commit jijin (suicide with one's sword) by his father, Tadaoki HOSOKAW, Nagamori MASHITA committed jijin in Iwatsuki Ward where he was banished to compensate for Moritsugu's crime, and Shigenari FURUTA did so for the suspicion of harboring Kunimatsu.
- しかし、信幸とその岳父である本多忠勝の助命嘆願などもあって、一命を助けられてはじめ高野山、のち幸村が妻を同行させることを願ったため九度山町に流罪となった。
- However, thanks to a plea for sparing lives made by Nobuyuki and his father-in-law Tadakatsu HONDA, they escaped death and were exiled to Mt. Koya first, and then, because Yukimura wished to have his wife accompanied, to Kudoyama Town.
- ところが、信輔左遷の翌年に突如関白左大臣秀次が秀吉の怒りを買って切腹を命じられ、続いて秀次の側室の父であった右大臣菊亭晴季も連座して越後国に流罪となった。
- In the following year of Nobusuke's banishment, however, Kanpaku and Sadaijin Hidetsugu infuriated Hideyoshi and was ordered to commit seppuku by him out of the blue, and in addition, the father of Hidetsugu's concubine, Udaijin Harusue KIKUTEI, was also banished to Echigo Province on guilt by association.
- しかし1156年、父の頼長が崇徳上皇と手を結んで保元の乱を起こしたため、その連座として師長は官職を剥奪されて土佐国(一説には同国幡多郡)に流罪に処された。
- However, since his father Moronaga allied with the Retired Emperor Sutoku to trigger the Hogen no ran in 1156, Moronaga was held responsible for his association with his father, and his court rank was taken away from him before being exiled to Tosa no kuni (Tosa Province) (one theory stated that it was the Hata district within the same province).
- しかし、嫡男の由良貞繁と彼の母(赤井氏・妙印尼輝子・由良成繁室)が豊臣氏に与して功を挙げたことにより、北条氏滅亡後は罪を問われず、秀吉の家臣として仕えた。
- Because his son Sadashige YURA and his mother (the Akai family's Myoinni Teruko, wife of Narishige YURA) sided with the Toyotomi clan and showed distinguished service, he was cleared of blame after the downfall of Hojo clan, and thereafter served under Hideyoshi.
- これらの罪状により、保輔に対する捜索は続けられ、朝廷より保輔を追捕した者には恩賞を与えると発表され、さらには保輔の父藤原致忠が検非違使に連行・監禁された。
- The pursuit of Yasusuke was continued on charges of these crimes and the Imperial Court announced that the person who captured Yasusuke would be given a reward; furthermore, Yasusuke's father FUJIWARA no Munetada was arrested and placed in confinement by kebiishi.
- 慶喜は斉昭、福井藩主・松平慶永らと共に不時登城し直弼を詰問するが、逆に不時登城の罪を問われ、翌・安政6年(1859年)に隠居謹慎処分となる(安政の大獄)。
- Yoshinobu, along with Nariaki and the Chief of Fukui-han Clan, Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA, made an unexpected visit to the [Edo-jo] castle and closely interrogated Naosuke, but in tern, he was questioned on his offense of making an unexpected visit to the castle; he was ordered to retire and was given a disciplinary confinement in the following year (1859) (Ansei Purge).
- 事実検証についても不平等条約の壁に阻まれ満足な解決が得られず、裁判では、下記のように証言したジョン・ウイリアム・ドレーク船長らイギリス人全員が無罪となった。
- In fact, the inspection was blocked by the unequal treaty, which made it impossible to reach an acceptable solution, and Captain John William Drake and all the other British crew members who testified at the trial as follows were acquitted.
- 彼自身は冤罪を主張していたほか、二度も電気椅子にかけるのは残虐で異常な刑罰であると主張したが、いずれも受け入れられず、1947年に再度電気椅子に座らされた。
- He claimed his innocence and insisted if the execution by electrical chair will be carried out twice, the punishment is cruel and aberrant, however his claim was not accepted and he forced to sit on the electrical chair again in 1947.
- 旧皇族(以仁王は平家の圧力で「源以光」として臣籍降下させられていた)という出自もあり、死罪に処するわけにもいかず、結局仁和寺において出家させることとなった。
- Since he was a member of the former Imperial Family (Prince Motohito was forced to be demoted to a subject as 'MINAMOTO no Mochihito' by the Taira clan), applying a death penalty to him was not possible; after all, it was concluded that he would become a priest and enter Ninna-ji Temple.
- 臨終の時に大乗十二部経の経題を聞いて、1000劫の極重悪業を除き、また阿弥陀の名号を唱えると50億劫の生死の罪業を滅除し、化仏の来迎を受けて浄土へ往生する。
- At the time of death, they listen to Kyodai (title of Buddhist scriptures) of Mahayana Buddhism Junibu-kyo (the Twelve Divisions of Scriptures) to expiate their 1000 heinous crimes and call upon myogo (name) of Amida to be granted pardon for their 500 million atrocious crimes, and then, meet Kebutsu (incarnation of Buddha) and go to the Pure Land.
- 1324年に計画が北条氏が朝廷監視のために設置していた京都の六波羅探題に察知された正中の変では日野俊基らとともに捕縛されて鎌倉へ送られ、佐渡島へ流罪となる。
- In the Shochu Disturbance in 1324, in which Godaigo's plot was detected by Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) that were set up by the Hojo clan to monitor the Imperial court, Suketomo was captured along with Toshimoto HINO, sent to Kamakura, and sentenced to exile in Sado ga shima Island.
- 川口家の子孫の間には、種子島出身のいわゆる「島五郎(しまごろ)」であるのに久光の書生として重用されたことを周囲に嫉まれて罪を着せられたという言い伝えもある。
- Among the descendants of the Kawaguchi Family remains a story that since Ryojiro was given an important position such as Hisamitsu's shosei (a post managing clerical works) although he was just a so-called 'Shimagoro' (countryman from island) from Tanega-shima Island, some people were jealous of him and put a crime upon him.
- 境内にはインド独立50周年を記念し、極東国際軍事裁判にて、ただ一人、被告全員の無罪を唱えたインド代表判事ラダ・ビノード・パールの顕彰碑などが建立されている。
- The 50th anniversary of the independence of India is commemorated within the precinct and there is a monument honoring the Indian judge Radha Binod Pal, the lone justice on the International Military Tribunal for the Far East to find all the defendants not guilty.
- 同年安部公房の脚本で無実の罪で投獄されたBC級戦犯を描いた重厚な作品「壁あつき部屋」を監督するが、米国への配慮から公開が見送られた(公開されたのは31年)。
- Although he directed 'Kabe atsuki heya' (The Thick-Walled Room), a film describing class B/C war criminals imprisoned for a crime they didn't commit, by Kobo ABE's script in the same year, it was held to be released out of consideration to the U.S. (it was released in 1956).
- 元雅は父との不和から勘当されて関東に落ち逃び、一方の世阿弥は女婿の金春禅竹を寵愛し、実子を軽んじたあまりに佐渡へ流罪となったという伝承を上記で紹介している。
- The above introduces a story that Motomasa was disowned due to disagreement with his father, and went down to Kanto, but because Zeami favored his daughter's husband, Zenchiku KOMPARU, and took his own son lightly, Zeami was banished to Sado.
- 蒲生秀行 (侍従)、小早川秀秋ら諸大名を大した罪でも無いのに若年などを理由に減封・移封したことは、関ヶ原の戦いで彼らを東軍(徳川方)につかせる一因を成した。
- It turned to be one of the reasons for Daimyos such as Hideyuki GAMO (his servant) and Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA to join the East (TOKUGAWA) squad at the battle of Sekigahara that Hideyoshi decreased or changed their territories by nominal reasons such as rubbishy faults or youthfulness.
- 武士階級も一部処罰されているが、武士の処罰は下級身分の者に限られ、最高位でも微禄の旗本しか処罰されていない(もっとも下記にあるように、武士の死罪は出ている)。
- The warrior class was also partially subject to punishment, although this was limited to the lower classes and in the highest ranks only the vassals were punished (however there was a case of a warrior being sentenced to death, see below.)
- 以後、贈位は亡くなった高位の貴族への恩典として、さらには無実の罪で亡くなった者、或いは派遣途上でなくなった遣唐使の慰霊や名誉回復を目的で行われるようになった。
- From then on, zoi became a special dispensation for high ranked nobles that have passed away; moreover, it began to be carried out for the purposes of comforting the spirit and restoring impaired reputations of those who died on false charges, or for the Kento-shi (Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China) who died in their journey.
- それに対し、『安宅』が成立したと考えられる室町時代や作中の時代である鎌倉時代ではそれほど重い罪ではなく、また幕府による御家人の統制もそれほど厳しくはなかった。
- On the other hand, in the Muromachi Period when 'Ataka' was believed to be accomplished and in the Kamakura Period in the story, it was not so serious crime and the control of gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods)by bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was not so strict.
- 平氏は、清盛が天台座主・明雲を導師として出家するなど延暦寺と友好的であり、重盛は積極的に動こうとしなかったため、後白河は延暦寺の圧力に屈して成親流罪を認める。
- Goshirakawa accepted the banishment of Narichika because of political pressure from the Enryaku-ji Temple, since the Taira clan was friendly with Enryaku-ji Temple, Kiyomori became a priest under the supervision of the head priest of the Tendai sect, Myoun, or Shigemori did not act spontaneously on this matter.
- 僧尼の破戒行為的な犯罪に対する処罰、国家が任命した僧綱による寺院及び僧尼への自治的な統制、私度僧や民衆教化の禁止及び山林修行や乞食行為に対する制限を柱とする。
- The Soniryo was essentially about penalties for subversive criminal acts by priests and nuns, the self-governing control of temples, priests and nuns by the members of the Sogo (a priest of a managerial post) who were appointed by the state, prohibitions against shidoso (lay priests), the indoctrination of the populace, and the regulation of ascetic training in the mountains and begging.
- また、公衆便所は時に未成年の喫煙の場になったり、個室にカメラなどを設置して盗撮や出歯亀を行う者もいるほか、強姦が起こることもあるなど犯罪の場になることもある。
- Also in the public restrooms, underage people smoke or some people install a camera inside the compartment and secretly film or commit debakame (peeping Tom, voyeur) or crimes such as rape are sometimes committed.
- 即位後、井上内親王を皇后とし、他戸親王を皇太子とするが、宝亀3年(772年)井上内親王を呪詛による大逆を図ったとして罪し皇后を廃し、皇太子の他戸親王も廃した。
- After enthronement, he made the Imperial princess Inoe an empress and Imperial Prince Osabe Crown Prince but he charged the Imperial princess Inoe with high treason by cursing and removed the empress, and also removed Imperial Prince Osabe, the Crown Prince, from power in 772.
- 延暦寺が加賀守・藤原師高の流罪を要求して強訴を起こしたのに対して、師高の父・西光は天台座主・明雲の処罰を後白河に進言するなど、院と延暦寺の抗争は激化していた。
- While Enryaku-ji Temple demanded the exile of FUJIWARA no Morotaka, the governor of Kaga Province, Morotaka's father Saiko, suggested that Goshirakawa punish Myoun, Tendaizasu (The chief priest of Enryaku-ji Temple), and the feud between the retired emperor and Enryaku-ji Temple became increasingly severe.
- 安元3年(1177年)、延暦寺の末寺白山涌泉寺と紛争を起こし、比叡山大衆が神輿を担いで強訴する騒ぎとなったため、師高は尾張国井戸田に流罪、師経は禁獄となった。
- In 1177, a conflict arose between Morotaka and Hakusan Yusen-ji Temple which was a branch temple of Enryaku-ji Temple, which turned out to be a commotion which was known as by Hieizan Daishu (warrior monks residing in the zendo of Mt. Hiei) who marched en masse carrying the sacred mikoshi (portable shrine carried in festivals), resulting in Morotaka's banishment to Idota of Owari Province and Morotsune's imprisonment.
- しかし興福寺の奏状により念仏停止の断が下され、のち建永2年(承元元年・1207年)法然は還俗され藤井元彦を名前として、土佐国(実際には讃岐国)に流罪となった。
- However, a letter from Kofuku-ji Temple ordered an end to Nenbutsu, and later, in 1207, Honen was returned to secular life and exiled in Tosa province (Sanuki province in actuality), where he took the name Motohiko FUJII.
- 特に11月13日付で「天皇への無礼と京大の責任」なる論説を掲載した京都新聞を初めとして新聞は学生側を強く非難し、常軌を逸した「不敬罪」であるかのように書き立てた。
- Especially, newspapers strongly condemned students as if they committed 'lese majesty,' including Kyoto Shimbun which posted the article 'Disrespect for the Emperor and Kyoto University's responsibility' on November 13.
- まず、郷安についてであるが、御家騒動を成した張本人であるため処断されてもおかしくないものの、ほとんど罪に問われていないのは、三成が秀吉に弁護したためとされている。
- Because Satoyasu was the very person who triggered the family dispute, it was unusual for him to receive a punishment; however, he was given hardly any punishment because Mitsunari spoke to Hideyoshi on his behalf.
- 「大逆不道罪」で、官吏である鄭顕徳・趙妥夏・許焜・張順吉、儒学者の白楽寛、金長孫・鄭義吉・姜命俊・洪千石・柳朴葛・許民同・尹尚龍・鄭双吉は凌遅刑により処刑された。
- Officers such as Jeong Hyeon-deok, Jo Ta-ha, Heo Kon, and Jang Sun-gil, and Confucian scholars such as Pak Nak-kwan, Gim Jang-son, Jeong Eui-gil, Gang Myeong-jun, Hong Cheon-seok, Yu Bok-kal, Heo Min-dong, Yun Sang-yong and Jeong Ssang-gil were executed by slow slicing for having committed the crimes of 'high treason and lèse-majesté'.
- 百万塔 陀羅尼(ひゃくまんとう だらに)とは、日本の奈良時代に、鎮護国家と滅罪を祈願するために、100万の小塔に陀羅尼を納めて、仏教寺院に奉納された陀羅尼である。
- Hyakumanto Darani is the collection of Dharanis that was dedicated to Buddhist temples by way of being placed in one million mini pagodas during the Nara period for the protection of the nation as well as for repentance.
- 健岑と逸勢は容疑を否認したが結局流罪とされ、淳和に近い立場にいた貴族たちが解任され、ついには恒貞も連坐して皇太子の地位を追われ、かつての高岳と同じように出家した。
- Kowamine and Hayanari both denied the charges but were exiled and aristocrats close to Junna were dismissed from office, and finally, Tsunesada was deposed as Crown Prince to take joint responsibility and he became a priest as Takaoka did in the past.
- 建武 (日本)2年(1335年)、建武の親政下で兄公宗が謀反を企み、公重はこれを後醍醐天皇に密告し、公宗は流罪(命令を間違えた名和長年に斬罪に処される)となった。
- In 1335, because his older brother Kinmune plotted a rebellion under the Kenmu Restoration, and Kinshige reported this to Emperor Godaigo, Kinmune was sentenced to banishment (in fact he was decapitated by Nagatoshi NAWA who mistook the order.)
- 1886年10月24日、ノルマントン号事件が発生、日本人乗客25名全員を溺死させた罪に問われたが、領事裁判権により在日神戸英国領事ツループから無罪判決を下された。
- On October 24, 1886, Normanton Incident occurred that all the 25 Japanese passengers on board of the ship were drowned; although Drake was accused of drowning the passengers, he was found not guilty by the British consul Troup of the consulate of Kobe, under the judgement of the consular jurisdiction.
- 平重国が使者となって讃岐国屋島の平家の本営へ向かうことになり、重衡は罪人の身で書状は書けないので口頭で下記のように妻への伝言を頼み重国は涙ぐんだ(『平家物語』)。
- Sent to the Taira army's headquarters in Yashima, Sanuki Province with TAIRA no Shigekuni as the envoy from the Taira family, Shigehira, who held as a captive and not allowed to write a letter, asked the following verbal message for his wife then moved to tears ('Heike Monogatari').
- だが、婦敵討が行われた場合、本夫が姦夫の不正の証拠を出そうにも肝心の相手を討ち取ってしまったために自白させることが不可能であり、殺人罪として処罰されることがあった。
- But when megataki uchi was practiced, sometimes the husband was punished for the crime of murder because it was impossible for the husband to produce evidence by having the adulterer confess because he had killed the adulterer.
- 仙台側弁護士は、初公判の時点でこのことにも気づいていたが、軽罪での時効が迫っていたため、あえて裁判を長引かせ、時効を狙うために1審の起訴状については言及しなかった。
- The lawyers in Sendai had been aware of that from the first public trial, but they did not mention it because they knew it would soon reach the statute of limitations for those misdemeanors and wanted to draw out the trial.
- 農民67名が逮捕され、うち51名が兇徒聚集罪などで起訴されたが、1902年12月25日、仙台控訴審で起訴無効という判決が下り、実質的に全員不起訴という形で決着した。
- Of those 67 peasants arrested in the Kawamata Incident, 51 persons were charged with mass rioting, but on December 25, 1902 the Sendai Court of Appeal finally decided to drop the case and none of them were charged with any crimes.
- 明治初期の刑法典である『改定律例』278条には「違勅罪」という罪名が置かれて違法とされたが、以後天皇の立憲君主化に伴って違勅そのものが罪に問われることは無くなった。
- In Article 278 of 'Kaiteiritsurei', a criminal code in the beginning Meiji Period, a charge named 'Ichokuzai' was established as an illegal act, but in line with the subsequent constitutional monarch of Emperors, accusing a person of Ichoku itself as a crime ceased.
- 次の二つがあげられ、一つに自身が罪悪不善の身でいつから輪廻を繰り返してるかもわからず悟りを得る機会がなかったこと、二つに罪人である自分を阿弥陀仏が救ってくれること。
- The following two illustrate this point: first of all, there was no opportunity to become enlightened because one has ever been reincarnating repeatedly and ridden with sins and misdeeds, and second of all, Amitabha Buddha will deliver even the sinful souls.
- そのため、『勧進帳』の「弁慶の主人を思う心に打たれ、自らが罪に問われる可能性を省みず義経一行を通した、情の厚い人物」という富樫像は『安宅』に付加されなかったのである。
- Therefore the image of Togashi in 'Kanjincho' as 'a compassionate person who was touched by Benkei's worship for his master and let Yoshitsune and his party pass without regard to the possibility that he would be subject to punishment' was not added to 'Ataka.'
- 討幕計画に関与した公家の多くが処刑されており、本来であれば忠信も死罪は免れない状況ではあったが、亡き将軍実朝の義兄にあたることから罪一等を減じて流罪とされたのである。
- Most of the noblemen who were involved in the plot to strike down the shogunate were executed, and by all rights Tadanobu could hardly have hoped to escape execution either, but because he was the brother-in-law of the slain Shogun Sanetomo, his crime was reduced from the highest and worst degree and his punishment downgraded to banishment.
- しかしそれでも断罪され死罪 (律令法)とされたが、善男がかつて自分を抜擢してくれた仁明天皇のために毎年法要を行っていたという忠節に免じて罪一等を許されて流罪と決した。
- He was eventually sentenced to death (according to the Ritsuryo code) despite his denial, but the death penalty was replaced by deportation because of his loyalty to the late Emperor Ninmyo; he kept holding an annual memorial service for the late Emperor to return the favor of the Emperor who first recognized him.
- 天保の改革によって特に好色画本が禁圧され、為永春水らが罪に問われるなど戯作者・版元に圧力が加えられると、人情本は衰退し、その穴を埋めるように合巻の刊行点数が増大した。
- A crackdown on various forms of popular culture accompanying the Tenpo Reforms effectively silenced some writers and publishers, especially that produced koshokugabon (book of pornography), and served as an admonishment to others, such as an accusation against Sunshui TAMENAGA; as a result, ninjobon lost its vigor and creative force, and gokan (literally, bound-together volumes of illustrated books) appeared in numbers larger, to make up for that decline of ninjobon.
- これは御成敗式目によって一層明確化され、不入地に犯罪者などが逃げ込んだ場合でもその追捕は国司・領家によって行われ、不入地の境界線で守護側に引き渡すと言う原則が成立した。
- This agreement was further clarified by the Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai), and then a principle was established that even when a criminal and others ran into such funyuchi (special areas for excluding shugo), the criminal should be searched by kokushi or ryoke, and handed over to the shugo side on a border line of the funyuchi.
- この戦いで、美濃国で行われた関ヶ原での決戦に秀忠軍を遅参させることに成功したが、肝心の関ヶ原では西軍の敗北に終わり、西軍に与した昌幸と信繁は戦後処理で死罪を命じられた。
- In this battle, Masayuki succeeded to cause Hidetada's army to be late for the Battle of Sekigahara in Mino Province, but in the battle of Sekigahara itself, the West Camp was defeated, and Masayuki and Nobushige who were on the Western Camp's side were sentenced to death.
- なお、義絶もほぼ同一であるが、父母(祖父母)側は内外にその事実を公表して証拠となる義絶状を作成すること、子(孫)が犯罪を犯しても連座の対象にならないことに違いがあった。
- 義絶 (gizetsu or disownment) was almost the same except that parent(s) or grandparent(s) should disclose the fact inside and outside the family and make an epistle of disownment as a proof and that they were excluded from complicity in a crime even if their child (or a grandchild) committed a crime.
- 太田蘭三の小説「白の処刑」(2004年に講談社から文庫化)では、冤罪で処刑された死刑囚がレスリングで鍛えた首のおかげで執行後に蘇生し、放免となり真犯人を追う内容である。
- In a novel entitled 'Shiro no Shokei (literally, White Execution)' written by Ranzo OTA, (in 2004, paperback edition was published by Kodansha Ltd.), a condemned, who is falsely charged, is executed but resuscitates thanks to his hardened neck through wrestling training, then he is set free and chases the real culprit.
- 昭和10年(1935年)、美濃部達吉はそれまで学会で主流だった天皇機関説を主張したことで貴族院で排撃され、著書は発禁処分となり不敬罪で告訴され、貴族院議員の職を辞した。
- In 1935, Tatsukichi MINOBE emphasized the theory of the Emperor as an organ of government, which was the mainstream in the learned society, and was denounced in the House of Peers, his books became prohibited, he was prosecuted for lese majesty, and he resigned from the members of the House of Peers.
- 無許可の任官や自由出家は所領を没収されるような大罪であったにもかかわらず、妻の実家足利氏の働きかけがあったのか、所領の一部と惣領職を没収されたのみの寛大な処置で済んだ。
- Although appointment without authority and becoming a priest without permission were high crimes that deserved confiscation of territories, he received only lenient treatment of confiscation of a part of his territory and soryo-shiki (clan leadership rights), perhaps because of approach by his wife's family home Ashikaga clan.
- 関係者全員死罪を主張しながら、周囲の説得により手ぬるい幕府の処分案に同意せざるを得なくなった後陽成帝は、ままならぬ状況に絶望し、これ以降しばしば譲位を口にするようになる。
- Emperor Goyozei, persuaded by his aides into accepting the Bakufu's lukewarm proposal against his demand for capital punishment of all the persons involved, despaired at the circumstances which were out of his control and began to speak of abdication quite often.
- また、長年続いた礼銭の観念から賄賂に対する罪悪感は希薄な状態が続き、江戸幕府そして明治政府以後に至るまでこうした賄賂や買収を巡る問題が絶えない一因とも考えられるのである。
- It is also possible to suppose that the issues of bribery and corruption kept appearing from the Edo bakufu through and after the Meiji government because people had been accustomed to the concept of the reisen and not felt so guilty for a long time.
- こうした検断に関する事案を当時の用語で「検断沙汰」というが、検断沙汰には、殺人・傷害事件、窃盗・強盗事件、また謀叛など、治安を脅かす罪科に対する訴訟・裁判が含まれていた。
- Cases on these kendan were called Kendan-sata (criminal cases) in terms at that time and this Kendan-sata included suits and trials against crimes which threatened public order such as murder and injury cases, theft and robbery cases, and coup d'etat.
- 計画は事前に幕府に漏れ、参画した者はある者は殺害され、ある者は逮捕されたが、結局、朝廷関係者では、後醍醐の側近日野資朝が佐渡に配流されただけで後醍醐は罪を問われなかった。
- The plan was leaked to the bakufu and some participating members were killed, while some were arrested, but in the end, only Godaigo's aide, Suketomo HINO was exiled to Sado among the Imperial Court relations and Godaigo was not accused of any crimes.
- (被告のうち1名は公判途中で死去)兇徒聚集罪は認められなかったが、当時現場にいなかった、首謀者とされる農民らに重い刑を科すという意味では、検察側の主張に沿った判決となった。
- None of the peasants were found guilty of mass rioting (one accused person died during the public court,) but it could be said that the sentence was given in line with the prosecution's claim because the peasants whom the prosecutions regarded as ringleaders were imposed on a heavy penalty, even though they were not at the incident site.
- お互いの素性も顔も知らぬ故に、主筋と知らず源五兵衛から金を騙し取ったと悔やむ三五郎は、源五兵衛の犯した罪も全て引き受けると言って、源五兵衛に仇討ちに加わるようにと願い出る。
- He says he is sorry that they were hiding their real backgrounds and real faces and that without knowing he should have served Gengobe from the beginning, he cheated him out of money; besides he says he will die taking the blame for all the crimes and asks Gengobe to join the avengers.
- 僧侶による破戒行為・犯罪に対しては還俗(徒罪相当以上)もしくは苦使(杖罪・笞罪相当)と呼ばれる閏刑が採用され、律令法体系における刑事罰である五罪が採用されることは無かった。
- For the subversive criminal acts by priests and nuns, commutation called genzoku (laicization, a punishment equivalent to or heavier than imprisonment) or kushi (penal servitude equivalent to flogging or whipping) was adopted and gozai (five criminal punishments) which were the criminal charges in the ritsuryo system were not applied.
- 『続日本紀』に「誣告」と記載されていることから、同書が成立した平安時代初期の朝廷日本の朝廷内では、長屋王が無実の罪を着せられたことが公然の事実となっていたと想定されている。
- Since the words 'false accusation' appeared in 'Shoku Nihongi', it is considered that it was an open secret in the imperial court in the early Heian period in which the chronicle was composed, that Prince Nagaya was falsely charged.
- 宗厳は戦国時代に、松永久秀に仕えたが、その久秀が織田信長と争って滅亡し、さらに豊臣秀吉の太閤検地によって隠田の罪で2000石の所領を没収されるなど、次第に落ちぶれていった。
- Munetoshi served Hisahide MATSUNAGA in the Sengoku period, however his clan gradually dwindled as his master Hisahide was destroyed by Nobunaga ODA, and he forfeited 2,000 koku (360.78 cubic meters of rice) of his territory on charge of hiding rice fields when Taiko Kenchi (Hideyoshi Toyotomi's nationwide land survey) was held.
- このとき伯母(吉晴の長女、名前は不明)と一族で筆頭家老の堀尾河内守(吉晴の娘の子)親子による家督横領の陰謀が発覚し、河内守と掃部の父子は流罪のうえ切腹を申し付けられている。
- At that time Tadaharu's paternal aunt (Yoshiharu's oldest daughter whose name was unknown) and Horio, Kawachi no kami (the Governor of Kawachi Province, a son of Yoshiharu's daughter) who was a member of the family and the hitto karo (the head of chief retainers) attempted to embezzle the headship of the family from Tadaharu, but the plot was revealed then the Kawachi no kami and the kamori (Housekeeping, his father) were exiled and ordered seppuku (suicide by disembowelment).
- 実際の執行例としても、土御門天皇の代、1207年(承元元年)に法然の弟子である法本坊行空と安楽坊遵西が、女犯の罪で羅切の刑に処せられたとの、「皇帝紀抄(巻7)」の記録がある。
- The actual incidents were also recorded in 'Kotei Kisho, volume 7' ('Excerpt From the Imperial Age') that the pupils of Honen priest, Gyouku and Jyunsai, received the penalty of 'Rasetsu' for violating precepts by committing adultery in 1207.
- 非人の形成期には、検非違使管轄下で「囚人の世話・死刑囚の処刑・罪人宅の破却・死者の埋葬・死牛馬の解体処理・街路の清掃・井戸掘り・造園・街の警備」などを排他的特権的に従事した。
- During the formation of Hinin, under Kebiishi (officials with judicial and police power), those who had an exclusive privilege worked in 'looking after prisoners, execution, demolition of convict's house, interment of the dead, animal slaughter, cleaning streets, digging well, landscaping, town guard' and etc.
- 一方、キリスト教(カトリック)においては、贅沢は「七つの大罪」における傲慢の罪にあたり、享楽的な生活に対する神の怒りが黒死病などの疫病や戦乱を生み出していると考えられてきた。
- Meanwhile, in Catholic teaching, luxury is seen as a form of vanity, one of 'The Seven Deadly Sins,' and it has been thought that God's wrath against people's hedonistic lives has caused epidemics such as the black death and wars.
- 二月堂の本尊十一面観音に、練行衆と呼ばれる精進潔斎した行者がみずからの過去の罪障を懺悔し、その功徳により興隆仏法、天下泰安、万民豊楽、五穀豊穣などを祈る法要行事が主体である。
- The events are mainly Buddhist memorial services where the practitioners, who went through purifying themselves (religiously) by abstaining from eating meat and are called rengyoshu (the eleven priests participate in Shuni-e held at Nigatsudo hall of Todaiji Temple), confess their sins by themselves and through their kudoku (pious act), pray to Eleven-faced Kannon (Goddess of Mercy) in Nigatsu-do Hall for the prosperity of Buddhism, the peaceful world, the affluent life for the national, huge harvest (of cereals) and so on.
- 朝廷から追討令が出ると、数日のうちに幕府軍や協力を拒んだ山徒により鎮圧され、一味のうち金蔵主や日野有光らは討たれ、一部は逮捕されて処刑・流罪、また行方不明となったものもいた。
- A few days after an order to attack the group was issued by the Imperial Court, the group was suppressed by bakufu forces, and Kinzosu and Arimitsu HINO ended up being killed and some monks being arrested and executed or exiled, and others disappeared.
- 平安時代末期に摂津源氏の源頼政の知行国だった伊豆国の小豪族に過ぎなかった北条氏は、伊豆へ流罪となっていた河内源氏の源頼朝の挙兵に従い、頼朝を征夷大将軍とする幕府を成立させる。
- Once a small regional clan from Izu Province, a provincial fiefdom of Yorimasa MINAMOTO of the Settsu-Genji (a branch of the Minamoto clan) in the late Heian period, the Hojo clan followed the army raised by Yoritomo MINAMOTO of the Kawachi-Genji (another branch of the Minamoto clan), who had been exiled to Izu, and formed a bakufu with Yoritomo as the seii taishogun (literally, the great general who subdues the barbarians).
- 養老律令詐偽律には、詔の作成や奏事・上書において事実と異なることを行った者を徒罪2年とするとされ、平安時代末期の公家法を伝える『法曹至要抄』でも重罪の1つとして説かれている。
- Yoro ritsuryo code (code promulgated in the Yoro period) Sagi-ritsu (rules against falsity) prescribes that the person who made a statement different from the fact in the preparation of an imperial decree or soji (reports to be submitted to the emperor through Daijokan [Grand Council of State]) and josho (letters and/or documents to be submitted to the emperor) is sentenced 2-year imprisonment, and also it is stated as one of serious crimes in 'Hossoshiyosho' (The Essentials for the Judiciary) (a legal book compiled by the Sakanoue clan between the end of Heian period and the early Kamakura period) which describes the kugeho (court noble law, laws issued by the imperial court) at the end of Heian period.
- この間、相模国介などを務めるが、安和2年(969年)に起きた藤原北家嫡流による他氏排斥事件「安和の変」で対立する清和源氏の一族・源満季に追捕されて失脚、隠岐国に流罪となった。
- During that time, he held positions such as Sagami no kuni no suke (Assistant governor of Sagami Province), but when the direct descendant of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan instigated 'Anna Incident' in 969 to expel other clans from the Imperial Court, he was hunted and captured by MINAMOTO no Mitsusue, who was a member of the opposing clan Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), and was overthrown and sentenced to banishment to Oki Province.
- 京都府学連事件(きょうとふがくれんじけん)は、主として、犯罪捜査としての写真撮影の適法性・合憲性が問題とされ、それぞれ適法・合憲と判断された、日本の最高裁判所による判決の通称。
- It is a popular name of a judgment by the Supreme Court of Japan that mainly judged photographing for criminal investigation as lawful and constitutional.
- また、10世紀に入ると次第に刑部省の地位が低下するようになり、強窃二盗(強盗・窃盗)と私鋳銭に関する裁判権は検非違使に、その他の犯罪に関する裁判権は太政官に移されることになった。
- In the 10th century, the position of Gyobusho declined and the jurisdictions of robbery and counterfeit coinage were transferred to Kebiishi and the other crimes were transferred to Daijokan.
- 暗殺犯は石川県士族島田一郎・長連豪・杉本乙菊・脇田巧一・杉村文一および島根県士族の浅井寿篤の6名から成る(脇田は上京にあたり罪が家に及ぶのを恐れて士族を辞めて平民になっている)。
- The group of assassins consisted of 6 sizoku: 5 from Ishikawa Prefecture, Ichiro SHIMADA, Tsurahide CHO, Otogiku SUGIMOTO, Koichi WAKITA, and Bunichi SUGIMURA; and 1from Shimane Prefecture, Toshiatsu ASAI (Wakita quit the shizoku and became a commoner prior to leaving for Tokyo due to fear of punishment to his family for his conduct).
- 例えば、祖父母・父母、夫の祖父母・父母をなぐり、また殺傷する罪を悪逆のなかにいれて、恩赦のさいにもこれをゆるさない規定を設けているのは、儒教の道徳を法制化したものにほかならない。
- For example, including the crimes of striking, killing and wounding of grandparents, parents, grandparents, and parents of a husband as atrocities, and setting up rules for not permitting amnesty, is nothing more than the legislation of Confucian morals.
- 行光の後の政所執事は行光の甥の伊賀光宗となったが、光宗が1224年(元仁元年)の伊賀氏の変で流罪となったあと、行光の子の二階堂行盛が就任し、以降この家系がほぼ政所執事を世襲する。
- Mitsumune IGA, a nephew of Yukimitsu, became Mandokoro Shitsuji (chief of Mandokoro, the Administrative Board) after Yukimitsu, but after Mitsumune was exiled in the incident of the Iga clan in 1224, Yukimori NIKAIDO, a child of Yukimitsu, was assigned to Mandokoro Shitsuji, and this family succeeded this post.
- だが、倫子は道長の最初の妻であると同時に当時の現職大臣の娘であり、道長の出世への助けになったのに対し、明子の父は同じ左大臣でも既に故人でしかも安和の変で流罪になった人物であった。
- While Rinshi was Michinaga's first wife and, at the same time, the daughter of the serving daijin at that time and helped to promote Michinaga, the father of Akirako had been sadaijin like as Masanobu, but had already died and had been exiled due to the Anna Incident.
- 中院流の四度加行の過程を記せば、十八道の正行に入るためには、懺悔滅罪のための行として108遍(もしくは21遍)の礼拝(らいはい)をして、読経・真言念誦をする礼拝加行(加行)を行う。
- The Shidokegyo of the Chuin school requires the start of Sho-gyo discipline in the Juhachi-do with worship repeated 108 times (or 21 times) as practice to repent and seek forgiveness of sins and later by raihai-kegyo (kegyo) of chanting the sutra and the mantra.
- また、京で源満仲と武士の勢力を競っていた藤原千晴もこの事件で流罪となり藤原秀郷の系統は中央政治から姿を消し、清和源氏が京での勢力を伸ばし、京武士として摂関家と強く結ぶようになった。
- FUJIWARA no Chiharu who was competing with MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka on the strength of their samurai, was also deported during this incident, removing the FUJIWARA no Hidesato lineage from the central government, while Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) gained power in Kyoto and built strong ties with the sekkan-ke (line of regents and advisers).
- ただし皇太子の負傷に関しては、皇帝も皇太子も日本の迅速な処置や謝罪に対して寛容な態度を示しており、日本がこの問題を無事解決できた理由の一つにロシアの友好的な姿勢があることは疑いない。
- As for the injury of Nicholas, the Russian Emperor had a forgiving attitude following Japan's prompt actions and apology, and there is no doubt that this warm attitude of Russia helped Japan solve this difficult problem.
- そして、『今昔物語集』巻19第4話「摂津守満仲出家せる語」で源満仲は出家した我が子に「我が心に違う者有れば、虫などを殺すように殺しつ、少し宜しと思う罪には手足を切る」と嘆かれている。
- Furthermore, MINAMOTO no Mitsutaka was grieved by his own child that went through shukke (to become a Buddhist monk) 'if there is someone who defies your will, you kill him as though he was an insect, and cut off his arms and legs for a minor crime' in the 'Story of Mitsunaka, who was the Settsu no kami (governor of Settsu Province) and underwent shukke (become Buddhist Priest)' in Volume 19 Story 4 of 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu' (The Tale of Times Now Past).
- 刑法施行法(明治41年法律第29号)25条、37条により、附加刑としての剥奪公権・停止公権の内容に関する規定の一部、公選の投票を偽造する罪に関する規定が効力を有するものとされている。
- Some supplementary provisions, for example those related to deprivation and suspension of civil rights, and those related to penal offense by counterfeiting in public elections, are partially held valid by Articles 25 and 37 of the Act for Enforcement of the Penal Code (Act No. 29 of 1908).
- その後、石川台嶺ら暴動の主導的役割を果たした僧侶や役人殺害に関与したとされる暴徒数百名は捕らえられ、裁判の結果、台嶺と暴徒1人は斬罪に処され、その他、多数の僧侶・暴徒が罪人となった。
- After the riot, Tairei ISHIKAWA and other monks who took a leading role in the riot and hundreds of followers who were involved in killing the officer were captured, and Tairei and one of the followers were executed by decapitation, and the other many monks and the followers were punished after the trials.
- この内容はたちまち内外に伝わり、その内容に激昂した浄土宗の宗徒による日蓮襲撃事件を招いた上に、禅宗を信じていた時頼からも「政治批判」と見なされて、翌年には日蓮が伊豆国に流罪となった。
- Nichiren's treatise, which was soon known across Japan, caused Jodoshu Buddhists, who were angry about his arguments, to attack Nichiren; Tokiyori, who believed in Zen Buddhism, also regarded Nichiren's arguments as political criticism; and as a result, Nichiren was sent to Izu Island the following year.
- ただし、陽成天皇の暴君説は退位時の年齢が17歳(満15歳)であり疑問点も多く、天皇を廃位し、自身の意向に沿う光孝天皇・宇多天皇帝を擁立した基経の罪を抹消するための作為だともいわれる。
- Although Emperor Yozei is infamous for his bad behavior, it is questioned whether the story could be true, since he was only 17 years old at the time of his abdication; it could have been Mototsune's attempt to cover up his accusation in order to remove Emperor Yozei from his position and set up his favorites (the future emperors Koko and Uda) to succeed the throne.
- 庚寅詔諸國曰 自今以後 制諸漁獵者 莫造檻阱 及施機槍等類 亦四月朔以後 九月三十日以前 莫置比滿沙伎理梁 且莫食牛 馬 犬 猿 雞之肉 以外不在禁例 若有犯者罪之 - 『日本書紀』
- On May 19, 675 the Emperor Tenmu enacted a new law prohibiting a meat diet; conserving alevin was required and eating, beef, horse meat, dog meat, meat of Japanese monkey, and chicken was banned from May 3 to October 27.
- 後鳥羽院は、将軍源実朝が暗殺された事を好機とし、皇権復興を企図して鎌倉幕府を倒そうとしたが失敗(承久の乱)、自身は流罪となった上、皇権の低下と朝廷へ執権北条氏の介入を招いてしまった。
- Gotoba-in tried to seize the opportunity of the assassination of Shogun MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, seeking to revive the imperial power and overthrow Kamakura Bakufu, but he failed (the Jokyu Rebellion); instead he was banished, and this brought about the weakening of imperial power and intervention in the Imperial Court by the regent Hojo clan.
- 父二階堂行光のあと政所執事は行光の甥の伊賀光宗となったが、光宗が1224年(元仁元年)の伊賀氏の変で流罪となったあと行盛が就任する(『吾妻鏡』貞応3年(1224年)閏7月29日条)。
- Mitsumune IGA, a nephew of Yukimitsu NIKAIDO, became Mandokoro Shitsuji after his father Yukimitsu, and Yukimori assumed the post after Koshu was exiled in the incident of the Iga clan in 1224 ('Azuma Kagami' article dated July 29, 1224).
- しかし、幕府によって三条大橋に長州藩を非難(罪状告発)する制札が立てられると、これに反発した正勝ら、過激派の志士は上士・宮川助五郎、同僚・藤崎吉五郎ら7名とともに制札撤去に乗り出す。
- However, when the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) put up notice boards on Sanjo-ohashi Bridge to criticize the Choshu Domain (accusation of guilt), extremist supporters of a noble cause who opposed the accusation, including Masakatsu, decided to remove the notice boards with a total of seven persons including his superior warrior Sukegoro MIYAGAWA and his colleague Kichigoro FUJISAKI.
- 罪の内容については、今日の「罪」の観念にあわないものが多く、差別的ととられかねないものもあることから、神社本庁の大祓詞では罪名の列挙を省略して単に「天津罪・国津罪」とだけ言っている。
- Because many of these sins don't fit today's concept of 'sin' and some may be considered as discriminatory, the Jinja-Honcho's words of purification only cites 'amatsu-tsumi and kunitsu-tsumi' without mentioning the names of sins.
- この一連の出来事は蛮社の獄と呼ばれ、近年までは江戸時代における一大思想弾圧事件として取り扱われていたが、上述のように実態は鳥居による政敵とみなされた者への排除のための冤罪事件といえる。
- The series of incidents is called Bansha no goku (Imprisonment of scholars of Western learning), which has been, until recent years, treated as an important event to crack down on thought during the Edo period, but in fact, it can be said that it was an incident of a false charge to exclude people regarded as political enemies, caused by Yozo TORII as mentioned above.
- 守護使不入(しゅごしふにゅう)とは、鎌倉時代・室町時代において幕府が守護やその役人に対して犯罪者追跡や徴税のために、幕府によって設定された特定の公領や荘園などに立ち入る事を禁じたこと。
- Shugoshi funyu means that in the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period, the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) forbade shugo (provincial constables) and their officials from entering some specific koryo (public lands), shoen (manors), and so on, which were specified by the bakufu, when pursuing criminals and collecting taxes.
- 朝鮮側から朝鮮出兵の際の戦犯を差し出すように要求されたため、対馬藩は藩内の(朝鮮出兵とは全く無関係の)罪人の喉を水銀で潰して声を発せられなくした上で「朝鮮出兵の戦犯」として差し出した。
- When Korea demanded that Japan should hand over war criminals of Japan's Invasions of Korea, the Tsushima Domain handed over criminals in the domain (who had nothing to do with the invasions) as war criminals, after harming their throats with mercury so that they were unable to talk.
- その予防対策として、懲罰としての意味合いや将軍のお膝元である江戸浄化のため、犯罪者の予備軍になりえる無宿者を捕らえて佐渡島の佐渡金山に送り、彼らを人足として使役しようとするものである。
- In what was at once a preventative and punitive measure as well as an effort by the Shogun to clean up Edo, the seat of his power, the homeless who were deemed potential criminals were rounded up and sent to the Sado gold mine on Sadoga-shima Island and put to work as laborers there.
- 京都地裁による1927年5月の第1審判決では出版法違反および不敬罪については特赦となったが、治安維持法違反については是枝恭二(東大文学部)ら4名の禁固1年を筆頭に37名が有罪となった。
- At the first trial in May 1927, the Kyoto District Court sentenced amnesty for the violation of publishing law and lese majesty, while as for the violation of the Maintenance of Public Order Law, Kyoji KOREEDA who was in the Faculty of Letters at the University of Tokyo and three other people were sentenced to imprisonment for one year and 37 people were judged guilty.
- この時の裁判担当だった高橋安麻呂や県犬養石次らが職務怠慢で裁判を放置したため、被害者の親族から訴えられ罪に服していたがこの日許された、と「続日本紀」天平7年9月28日条に書かれてある。
- The article of 'Shoku Nihongi' on September 28, 735 tells that the judges including TAKAHASHI Yasumaro and AGATA no Inukai no Iwasuki left the case untouched in their negligence of duty, but victims' families made allegations and he was improsoned, then, he was released on the above mentioned day.
- また、天皇が謝罪したにも関わらずニコライが帰国すると、5月20日には、死を以って詫びるとし京都府庁の前で剃刀で喉を突いて自殺し後に「房州の烈女」と呼ばれた畠山勇子のような女性も出現した。
- After Nicholas went back to Russia in spite of Emperor Meiji's apology, on May 20, a woman named Yuko HATAKEYAMA slit her throat with a razor in front of the Kyoto Prefectural Office to express contrition by her death, and after she died she was called 'retsujo (valiant woman) in Bosyu'.
- この折伏教典は創価学会独自のもので現在は刊行されていないが、そこには日蓮宗、天台宗、真言宗、禅宗、念仏宗、キリスト教などありとあらゆる宗教哲学に対して徹底的に批判・断罪した内容であった。
- This Shakubuku Scripture is an original one of Soka Gakkai and is not publicly available at present, but its contents are thorough criticism and condemnations of all kinds of religious philosophies including Nichirenshu sect, Tendaishu sect, Shingonshu sect, Zen sect, Nenbutsushu sect, and Christianity, etc.
- 鎌倉時代に入ると災害や戦乱などの社会的混乱が貴族社会にも及び始め、遂に承久の乱では朝廷軍が敗北して太上天皇の流罪が行われるなど、貴族社会が存続の危機に差し掛かっていることが明白となった。
- From the beginning of the Kamakura period, social turmoil such as natural disasters and war began to affect the aristocracy, and it was clearly apparent that the existence of the aristocracy itself was threatened when the Imperial Court forces were defeated and the retired emperor was exiled in Jokyu Disturbance.
- From the early Kamakura period onward, social disturbances including natural disasters and civil wars came to affect the nobility as well, culminating in the Jokyu Disturbance in which the Imperial forces were defeated and even Emperor Daijo was condemned to exile; this resulted in clear recognition that the nobility was in a crisis of life or death.
- 後に罪を許され、隆家の子の藤原経輔は正二位大納言まで昇進したが、道隆の弟の道長の子孫が藤原北家の嫡流となり摂政・関白を世襲していったため、道隆の子孫はしばらく不遇の時代を送ることになる。
- Their crime was later pardoned, and Takaie's son FUJIWARA no Tsunesuke rose as far as Shonii (Senior Second Rank) at court, holding the position of Dainagon (Chief Counselor), but the lineage of Michitaka's younger brother Michinaga became the principal heir's lineage in the Northern House of Fujiwara clan, securing hereditary control over the positions of Sessho (Regent) and Kanpaku (Chief Advisor) and thus sending Michitaka's descendants into a long age of eclipse and misfortune.
- しかし父親の藤原正頼が従五位下であったことと比較し頼遠が無官であることから、平忠常の乱において平忠常側についた頼遠が罪を得て陸奥国に左遷され、多賀国府の官人となったものと推測されている。
- However, from the fact that Yorito bore no official title while his father, FUJIWARA no Masayori, was titled Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), it is inferred that Yorito was demoted to Mutsu Province by the Imperial Court for his having taken Tadatsune's side during the revolt of TAIRA no Tadatsune and became an official of Taga no Kou (the provincial office in Mutsu Province).
- この事件に対処していた信範は、甥の平時忠ともども法皇から責任を問われることとなり、「奏事不実(奏上に事実でない点があった)」の罪により解官の上、備後国へ配流されるという憂き目を見ている。
- As Nobunori was dealing with this incident, he and his nephew TAIRA no Tokitada were brought to the attention of the Cloistered Emperor who wanted them removed from office with the charge that their 'report to the throne included falsehoods' and unfortunately exiled them to Bingo Province.
- 8世紀初めには、慶雲4年(707年)、和銅元年(708年)、養老元年(717年)と、百日以内に出頭すれば亡命山沢の罪を赦すという詔が出たが、それは大赦の一部で唐の詔を引き写したものである。
- In the early 8th century, edicts were issued in 707, 708 and 717 stipulating that an offense of a mountain valley exile would be condoned if the offender handed oneself in within 100 days, but they were part of amnesty and a copy of edicts in Tang Dynasty China.
- 父である二条天皇は在世中に親政を行おうとして後白河と対立した上、異母弟・憲仁の擁立を画策したとして、憲仁の叔父・平時忠を流罪、平教盛・藤原成親・藤原信隆を解官して後白河の院政を停止させた。
- His father, Emperor Nijo tried to directly rule the government and was opposed to Goshirakawa, he put an end to Goshirakawa's cloister government by saying he was scheming to allow his half younger brother, Prince Norihito, ascend to the throne, and Norihito's uncle, TAIRA no Tokitada was sentenced to deportation, TAIRA no Norimori, FUJIWARA no Narichika and FUJIWARA no Nobutaka lost their positions.
- 御璽を行使の目的で偽造すると印章偽造の罪第164条第1項により2年以上の有期懲役に、偽造した御璽で詔書等の文書を偽装した場合は同法第154条第1項により無期又は3年以上の懲役に処せられる。
- In the Penal Code, the first clause of Article 165 Crimes of Counterfeiting of Seals states that a person who counterfeits the Imperial Seal for the purpose of unauthorized use shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a definite term of not less than two years, and the first clause of Article 154 states that a person who counterfeits an Imperial rescript or other official Imperial document with a counterfeited seal shall be punished by imprisonment with work for life or for a definite term of not less than three years.
- 同月、水口藩の公用方が壬生浪士組は乱暴であると苦情を言ったことが会津藩を通して芹沢に知られ、激怒した芹沢は永倉新八、井上源三郎らを藩邸に派遣し、担当者を脅迫して謝罪させ、詫び証文を取った。
- In the same month, when SERIZAWA learned through Aizu Clan that Kuyogata of Minakuchi Clan complained of Miburoshi-gumi's violence SERIZAWA became furious; he sent Shinpachi NAGAKURA, Genzaburo INOUE, and others to the residence of Minakuchi Clan, and they threatened the man in charge to apologize and obtained a letter of apology.
- 話は大きく分けて、伊豆大島に流罪になった為朝の活躍をほぼ史実に添って書いた前篇、琉球に渡った為朝による琉球王国再建を書いた後篇があり、特に後篇のスケールの大きさと破天荒な展開が好評を博した。
- The story was divided into the prequel that depicted the deeds of Tametomo exiled to Izu-oshima Island almost according to the truth and the reconstruction of Ryukyu Kingdom by Tametomo that travelled there in sequel that vastness and unexpected development especially in later volumes brought popularity to the later edition.
- 同裁判は最高裁判所にまで持ち込まれ、1989年12月14日に「製造理由の如何を問わず、自家生産の禁止は、税収確保の見地より行政の裁量内にある」として、酒税法の合憲判断と前田の有罪判決が出た。
- The case went to the Supreme Court, and on December 14, 1989, it was decided that 'whatever the production reason may be, the prohibition of in-house production is under administrative discretion in order to secure tax revenue,' and Maeda was convicted as the constitutionality of the Liquor Tax Act was confirmed.
- また、翌年には梅宮(後の文智女王)が生まれて再び延期となったため、不行跡として母与津子と妹梅宮は宮中より追放させられ、伯父四辻季継・高倉嗣良を含む公卿にも流罪や出仕差し止めの処分が下された。
- In 1619, judai was postponed again due to birth of Umenomiya (later Proncess Bunchi); therefore, his mother, Yotsuko, and younger sister, Umenomiya were expelled from the Imperial Court for misconduct, and court nobles including his uncles, Suetsugu YOTSUTSUJI and Tsuguyoshi TAKAKURA were also subject to punishment in the form of banishment or suspension of attendance.
- 公判自体は滝川自身の監禁に対する証言の曖昧さもあって、1959年大阪高等裁判所での控訴判決により確定し、被告2名のうち1名の暴行罪のみを認定した(両名の不退去罪および傷害罪は無罪となった)。
- Because there were unclear points in Takigawa's testimony of his capture during the hearing, the sentence was decided after an appeal to the Osaka Higher Court in 1959, with one of the two defendants being accused of assault (both were acquitted of forcible detainment and inflicting bodily injury).
- 1867年(慶応3年)、徳川慶喜の無罪を訴え薩摩藩を訴える討薩表を持ち旧幕府軍の先鋒を率い京都に向かう途中、鳥羽 (洛外)の関所を守る薩摩藩士椎原小弥太と問答の末、薩摩藩陣地から発砲される。
- In 1867, while he was bringing an action against Satsuma clan to appeal for Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA's innocence with the statement to the Emperor to avenge Satsuma in hand, and leading the spearhead of the old shogunate army toward Kyoto, he was fired from the encampment of Satsuma clan at the end of answering the questionings from Koyata SHIIHARA, who was the feudal retainer of Satsuma guarding the checking station of Toba (Rakugai [outskirts of Koyo]).
- 洛中の五条天神社は、国難時にその責任を取って「流罪に処す」として国の役人が神社の扉に靫を架けて閉じるということが行われていたが、『徒然草』によれば由岐神社でも同様のことが行われていたという。
- At the Gojoten-jinja Shrine in the capital, government officials hung quivers on the shrine door as a symbol of 'banishment' to take responsibility in a national crisis, and according to 'Tsurezuregusa' (Essays in Idleness), similar things were done at the Yuki-jinja Shrine.
- 大町桂月は『太陽』誌上で論文『詩歌の骨髄』を掲載し「皇室中心主義の眼を以て、晶子の詩を検すれば、乱臣なり賊子なり、国家の刑罰を加ふべき罪人なりと絶叫せざるを得ざるものなり」と激しく非難した。
- In the magazine 'Taiyo,' Keigetsu OMACHI published a thesis 'Shiika no kotsuzui' (Bone marrow of poetry) to fiercely criticize Akiko, stating 'If you scrutinize Akiko's poetry from a perspective of imperial centrism, you can't help but scream that she is a traitor, betrayer, and offender who should be punished by the state.'
- 科学、農学、洋学、洋風、珪素、砒素、電磁、冤罪、検事、議会、領事、領事館、圧政、学制、原価、資金、外債、社交、社用、官権、広告、眼識、痴呆、熱心、保健、確保、確立、過食、玩具、現象、工場、申告
- Science, agriculture, Western studies, yofu (western style), silicone, arsenic, electromagnetic, false charge, prosecutor, parliament, consul, consulate, oppression Educational system, cost, capital, foreign loan, social intercourse, business, power of government, advertisement, discernment, dementia, ardor, health, securing, establishment, overeating, toy, phenomenon, factory, and declaration
- その後は、政府の方針に対する世論の批判をかわす目的で天皇の存在は利用され、天皇を批判する言論は不敬罪として厳重に罰せられたこともあって、天皇批判は影を潜め、「冬の時代」とも称されるようなった。
- After that, the existence of the Emperor was used to evade public criticism against the government's policy, and since speeches and writings criticizing the Emperor were strictly punished, criticism against the Emperor vanished, and came to be called 'the period of winter.'
- また、貸しおしぼり業者の一部には企業舎弟として暴力団と繋がりを持ち、法外な価格で飲食店におしぼりを提供して「みかじめ料」を得ているものが見られ、犯罪組織の資金源の一つとして社会問題化している。
- Some oshibori rental companies have connections with gangster organizations and these companies charge restaurants exorbitant fees as 'bodyguard service fees' for oshibori services, creating social problems by providing sources of finance for criminal organizations.
- 元和 (日本)5年(1619年)9月18日、後水尾天皇の典侍・四辻与津子が皇女梅宮(文智女王)を生み、宮中の風紀の乱れ(およつ御寮人事件)の責任をとり、徳川秀忠によって丹波国篠山に流罪される。
- On September 18, 1619, held responsible for the moral decline in the imperial court that followed the Oyotsu-Goryonin incident, where Yotsuko YOTSUTSUJI, a Naishi (lady-in-waiting) of Emperor Gomizuno-o, gave birth to Princess Umemiya (Princess Bunchi), Atsufusa was banished by Hidetada TOKUGAWA (the second Tokugawa shogun) to Sasayama, Tanba Province.
- そうした状況の中で、伊豆国に流罪となっていた源頼朝は、同年8月に挙兵し石橋山の戦いで敗れたが、逃亡先の安房国から上総・下総を行軍する間に、関東一円の平氏系の武士団(坂東平氏)らの支持を獲得した。
- It was to be in these circumstances that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who had been exiled to Izu Province raised an army in August of the same year was defeated in the Battle of Ishibashiyama but while marching from Awa Province, to which he had fled, to Kazusa Province and Shimousa Province, he gained the support of a Taira clan lineage samurai group (Bando-Heishi clan) active throughout the Kanto region.
- 切れ味に関しては、江戸時代に町田長太夫という試し切りの達人が、6人の罪人の死体を積み重ねて童子切安綱を振り下ろすと、六つの死体を切断しただけではなく、刃が土台まで達した、という逸話が残っている。
- Speaking of the sharpness of the sword, a legend says that when a master of trial cutting called Chodayu MACHIDA in the Edo period brought down Dojigiri Yasutsuna onto the dead bodies of six criminals stacked one on top of another, it not only cut through the six bodies, but its blade reached the ground.
- 斎院、罪深かんなれどおかし」と挙げているが、まさに后腹の一品宮(当時は違ったが)にして斎院であった選子内親王の御所は、してみると彼女にとっては中宮定子の御所にも劣らぬ素晴らしい所であったらしい。
- Giving 'Saiin, sinful but quaint,' it appeared that the imperial palace of Imperial Princess Senshi (Nobuko), Saiin and the princess of ippon (not at that time though), was as wonderful place as the imperial palace of the second consort of an emperor, Teishi.
- その場しのぎの対応で法皇が実覚処分の要求を飲んだことから興福寺が激怒、天台座主・仁豪と法性寺座主・寛慶の流罪、祇園社を春日大社の末社にすること、実覚の配流停止といった3ヵ条を奏上として提出した。
- The Kofuku-ji Temple was outraged by the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa's makeshift handling of the situation and acceptance of the request to punish Jikkaku, and submitted to the Emperor the three pleas that Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) Ningo and Head priest of Hossho-ji Temple Kankei be banished; that the Gion-sha Shrine be a subordinate shrine of the Kasuga-taisha Shrine; and that Jikkaku's banishment be halted.
- 討幕計画に参加した上皇方の「合戦張本公卿」と名指しされた一条信能、葉室光親、源有雅、葉室宗行、高倉範茂ら公卿は鎌倉に送られる途上で処刑され、その他の院近臣も各地に流罪になったり謹慎処分となった。
- Court nobles such as Nobuyoshi ICHIJO, Mitsuchika HAMARU, Arimasa MINAMOTO, Muneyuki HAMARU, and Norishige TAKAKURA who had joined the Retired Emperor Gotoba in his plan to raise an army against the shogunate (who later became known as the 'kasen-chohon-kugyo,' meaning 'the court nobles behind the attempt to overthrow the shogunate') were sent to Kamakura but executed en route, and the various other ministers close to the retired emperor were banished and dispersed throughout the country or kept under house arrest.
- 治安の悪化を指摘する声もあるものの、日本では地下鉄の車内で乗客が居眠りをしても犯罪に逢うおそれが小さく、また深夜でも女性が安心して1人で鉄道を利用でき、これは世界的にみれば特筆すべきことである。
- Some people point out the deterioration of public security, but even if someone falls asleep on a subway in Japan, he/she is unlikely to stumble into crime, and even at night, a woman can take a train alone in peace, which is worthy of special mention from a world perspective.
- 日本浄土宗の祖である法然(1133 - 1212)と親鸞(1173 - 1263)は、流罪(いわゆる承元の法難)になる前の承元元年(1207年)、月輪寺に兼実を訪ねて別離を惜しんだと伝えられる。
- Legend has it that in 1207 before the exile of Honen (1133 - 1212), founders of Japan's Jodo (Pure Land) Sect, and Shinran (1173 - 1263) (the so-called Religious Persecution of the Shogen era), they visited Kanezane in Gatsurin-ji Temple and lamented their impending separation.
- 例えば人を殺して死刑に処せられるべき者が赦に浴してその罪を許された場合で、殺された人の父母兄弟姉妹などによって復讐されるおそれのある時、罪人を他国に移して1戸を立てさせ、難を逃れさせることである。
- It is the mandatory removal of a criminal sentenced to death for murder to another province to build a house in order to get out of trouble if this criminal at risk of revenge from parents, a brother, a sister etc. of the person he has been murdered.
- 例として、1761年に上田藩(現長野県上田市)浦野組(現長野県青木村上田市別所、塩田など)の農民約一万人が上田城へ押し掛けた上田騒動では、清水半平、中沢浅之丞などが一揆を指導し、死罪に処せられた。
- For example, during the Ueda riot in 1761 in which about ten thousand peasants belonged to Urano-gumi unit (present-day Aoki mura, Bessho of Ueda City, Shioda and others in Nagano Prefecture) of Ueda domain (present-day Ueda City, Nagano Prefecture) pushed into the Ueda-jo Castle, Hanbei SHIMIZU and Asanojo NAKAZAWA led the uprising and were executed.
- 「公使館襲撃事件の犯人の逮捕と処刑、日本側被害者の遺族、負傷者への見舞金5万円、出兵費用補填50万円、公使館護衛としての漢城での軍隊駐留権、兵営設置費・修理費の朝鮮側負担、謝罪使の派遣等」である。
- It included 'the arrest and execution of the perpetrators who raided the Legation, consolation payment of 50,000 JPY to each family of the victims and injured in Japan, 500,000 JPY to fill the shortfall in the expenses for the dispatch of troops, the right to have an army around in Hanseong (the present Seoul) as a guard for the Legation, setting up barracks and the repair of them were at Korea's expense and sending a 'mission of expiation' and so on.'
- この挙兵は失敗に終わるが、高倉宮以仁王の平氏討伐の令旨を受け取った全国の源氏が呼応し、木曾の源義仲(木曾義仲)、伊豆へ流罪となっていた義朝の子の源頼朝などが挙兵すると、後白河法皇はこれを支援する。
- This was not successful however all the Minamoto clan who received the message from Takakura no Miya Prince Mochihito, responded to this, when MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka (Yoshinaka KISO) in Kiso and Yoshitomo's son, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised an army, Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa supported them.
- なお、仏事の法要は大抵七日ごとに七回あるのは、審理のたびに十王に対し死者への減罪の嘆願を行うためであり、追加の審理の三回についての追善法要は救い損ないをなくすための受け皿として機能していたようだ。
- Buddhist services for the dead are usually held seven times and each is held every seven days; each service is held to ask Juo to decrease transgression of the dead; it is considered that religious services for the repose of the soul of the dead are done for the additional three trials so that Juo will not fail to rescue all the dead.
- だが、近衛基通との確執が表面化すると次第に基通を支援する平家との衝突を招き、1179年11月に平清盛のクーデター(治承三年の政変)が起こると師長は清盛によって解官された上、尾張国に流罪に処された。
- However, when it came to surface that there was a strife between Motomichi KONOE and him, it created a clash with the Taira family who supported KONOE, and Moronaga was dismissed from his court office during the coop d'etat triggered by TAIRA no Kiyomori (Jishosannen no seihen (coop of Jishosannen)) in November 1179 and was exiled to the Owari no kuni (Owari Province).
- また、嵯峨朝になると、種継の子で平城天皇の内侍司として権勢を握った藤原薬子とその兄藤原仲成が反乱を企てて断罪された薬子の変の発生に加え、嵯峨天皇・橘嘉智子の信頼を受けた北家の冬嗣の台頭も背景にある。
- Furthermore, the Kusuko Incident, a failed rebellion by FUJIWARA no Nakanari and his sister Kusuko who was a daughter of Tanetsugu and held power as naishi no tsukasa (a female palace attendant) for Emperor Heizei, as well as the rise of FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu from Fujiwara Hokke who won trust of Emperor Saga and TACHIBANA no Kachiko, also led to the decline of Shikike.
- 「現に犯罪が行われもしくは行われたのち間がないと認められる場合であって、しかも証拠保全の必要性及び緊急性があり、かつその撮影が一般的に許容される限度を超えない相当な方法を持って行われるときである。」
- In case that a crime is being committed or it does not seem long since a crime was committed, there is an urgent need for preservation of evidence, and the photographs have been taken by an appropriate method within a generally allowable limit.'
- 続いて顕証寺蓮淳が先に実如が退避した堅田本福寺の明宗に不正ありと上申して破門処分となった(ただし蓮淳の場合には、別の意図により起こしたもので実際には本福寺は冤罪であったとされている(詳細は後述))。
- Then, Renjun of Kensho-ji Temple reported to hoshu that Meiso of Katata Honpuku-ji Temple, where Jitsunyo evacuated, was doing wrong and Meiso was excommunicated (Renjun did it for another purpose and Honpuku-ji Temple is said to have suffered a false charge; the details are mentioned later).
- たとえば津田真道の「拷問論」を例とすると、明治になっても容疑者の取り調べには拷問が認められているが、こうしたことは文明国では認められていないもので、冤罪・司法への不信を生じさせる悪風だと論じている。
- For example, in 'An article about torture' Mamichi TSUDA described that although torture against a suspect was allowed even in the Meiji period, it was not usually allowed in civilized countries and that it was a bad custom which would cause false charges and distrusts in the administration of justice.
- 一説によれば、当時、東北地方の強姦事件の公判で、被害者の調書に被害者本人の署名がないという理由で無罪になることが立て続けにあり、それ以来、仙台の弁護士は調書の署名を注意してみるようになったともいう。
- Some researchers say lawyers in Sendai City came to keep their eyes peeled for signatures in the documents, since there were many cases in Tohoku region where rapists received sentence of acquittal owing to the fact that there were no autographs of rape victims in the paper.
- 1933年4月、内務省 (日本)は滝川の著書『刑法講義』『刑法読本』に対し、その中の内乱罪、姦通罪に関する見解(後者については妻にだけ適用されることを批判した)などを理由として発売禁止処分を下した。
- The Ministry of Internal Affairs (Japan) ruled in April 1933 that Takigawa's books 'Keiho Kogi' and 'Keiho Dokuhon' were not allowed to be for sale because of his stance on insurrection crimes and adultery (which he criticized because it was only applicable to the wife).
- もっとも無量寿経仏説無量寿経では五逆(父か母か僧の殺害、仏の身体への傷害、教団内の対立惹起、のいずれか)の罪を犯した者と正法を謗る者は四十八願第十八願による救済の対象から除かれることが明記されている。
- However, in Muryoju-kyo Bussetu Muryoju-kyo Sutra there is a description that a person who commits gogyaku (the five heinous deeds, a murder of father, mother, or priest, to hurt the body of Buddha, or to bring a conflict in the religious group) and a person who libels the True Dharma are excepted from the relief of the eighteenth vow among forty-eight vows.
- また当時は現在よりもアルコール依存症に対する認知が低く、飲酒運転にかかわる罰則もゆるく、大学のコンパなどでは今では立派に犯罪となるような「先輩からの強要」や「イッキ呑み」などが日常的に行なわれていた。
- In addition, alcoholism was not well known at the time and the punishment for drunk driving was not strong, so that 'extortion by senior students' and 'chugalugging' (drinking down a jug of beer in one go), which are crimes today, were done at drinking parties of universities on a daily basis.
- ところが頼朝の死後、自分の庇護者であった文覚が土御門通親襲撃計画を企てたとして隠岐国に流罪に処されると、六代も猪熊の宿所にて検非違使の安倍資兼によって捕らえられ、田越川にて処刑されてしまったのである。
- However, when Mongaku, who was a patron, was charged for scheming to attack Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO and was exiled to Oki Province, Rokudai was also captured by Sukekane ABE of Kebiishi (an officer in the Office of Police and Judicial Chief) at the lodging of Inokuma and was executed in Tagoe-gawa River.
- つまり、その罪を問われて左遷させられた、とでもいいたいのであろうが、日向臣という無名の冠位もない人間が、太宰帥という外交上のおいても重要な地位をしめる要職についたというのは、むしろ異例の栄転であった。
- While they wanted to pretend Himuka was charged of the incident and relegated to Tsukushi, it was nothing but an extraordinary promotion that somebody with obscurity and no rank was assigned to Dazai no Sochi which had an important role in diplomacy.
- 入信を断った場合に、非合法な物理力の行使による信仰の強制(もしくは拒否)や団体への寄付は勿論、勧誘した側の信仰を反対する親類への弱みに付け込んだ慰謝料を口実とした恐喝等と言った犯罪に発展することもある。
- If the inducement to the religion is rejected, then it may turn to a crime, which is first of all the forced affiliation to (or rejection of) the religion or donation to the organization by exertion of unlawful physical power, or which is blackmail with the excuse of payment for pain and suffering exploiting the weak point of the relatives opposing the religious belief, or the like.
- 昌泰の変(しょうたいのへん)は、901年(昌泰4年)1月、左大臣藤原時平の讒言により醍醐天皇が右大臣菅原道真を大宰権帥として大宰府へ左遷し、道真の子供や右近衛中将源善らを左遷または流罪にした事件である。
- The Shotai Conspiracy (Shotai no hen in Japanese), which occurred in January 901, was a coup in which Emperor Daigo, acting on the false charges of FUJIWARA no Takahira, the Minister of the Left, against SUGAWARA no Michizane, the Minister of the Right, demoted Michizane and sent him into de facto exile to Dazaifu (an outpost in far off Kyushu) as Dazai Gon no Sochi (Deputy Commander of Dazaifu); also, Michizane's children as well as MINAMOTO no Yoshi, the Middle Captain of the Guardsmen of the Right, were either demoted or exiled.
- なお、後醍醐天皇が元弘の乱によって隠岐諸島に流罪となり、かわって光厳天皇(現在では北朝 (日本)天皇とされている)が即位したものの、後に隠岐を脱出し帰京した後醍醐天皇によって光厳天皇の即位は否定された。
- Emperor Godaigo was exiled to the Oki Islands due to the Genko War and Emperor Kogon (currently the Northern Court [Japan] Emperor) ascended the throne, but Emperor Godaigo who escaped from the Oki Islands and came back to Kyoto denied the enthronement of Emperor Kogon.
- さらに、文久2年(1862年)に西郷隆盛も同じ島に流されて和泊町の牢に入れられたときに、川口は罪人ではないけれども、わざわざ沖ノ永良部へ往って西郷の書や詩作の指導をしたとする説もある(重野安繹による)。
- There is also another story which says that in 1862 when Takamori SAIGO was exiled to Okinoerabu-jima Island and was locked in jail of Wadomari-cho, Kawaguchi went to the island to teach calligraphy and poetry to Saigo, although he was not a criminal (according to Yasutsugu SHIGENO's idea).
- 人柄は正直で人に媚びることはなかったが、春秋の逍遥遊戯に惹かれ、狩猟に耽り、栄華を好むなど罪業を積んだが、道心あって平素より法華経を読んだことから往生を得ることができたとされる(『本朝法華験記』ほか)。
- It was said that his character was honest and did not flatter people, but had bad karma for liking Shoyo games held in Spring and Fall, did hunting, favored Eiga (Flowering Fortune), but followed doctrine and read the Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) daily so he would be able to go to heaven ('Honcho Hokke Genki' (Accounts of auspicious signs of the Lotus Sutra in our country)).
- 延暦寺は朝廷と幕府に二人の死罪を求めるが、幕府はこれを放置し、延暦寺がさらに強く抗議を行った結果、二人は上総国山辺郡へ一時流されるが、その道中は道々で酒席を設け宿々で美女を弄び、流人には見えなかったと言う。
- Enryaku-ji Temple requested the Imperial Court and the bakufu to sentence the two to death, but the bakufu ignored the request, and Enryaku-ji Temple strongly protested, whereby the two were temporarily exiled to Yamabe County, Kazusa Province, but it is said that they did not look like exiles since they had banquets and had women along the way.
- 主な内容は、公使館襲撃事件の犯人の逮捕と処刑、日本側被害者の遺族、負傷者への見舞金5万円、損害賠償50万円、公使館護衛としてのソウル特別市での軍隊駐留権、兵営設置費・修理費の朝鮮側負担、謝罪使の派遣等である。
- The treaty stipulated the arrest and execution of the criminal of the incident, the solatium of 50, 000 yens and compensation of 500,000 yens for the bereaved families and the injured of the Japanese victims, the right of Japanese troops to station in Seoul Special City as guards for the legation, creation and repair of barracks at Korea's expense and the dispatch of envoys for an apology.
- その状況下で大覚寺統の後醍醐天皇は、王権復興を目指して幕府追討計画を2度にわたって立て(正中の変・元弘の変)、幕府により廃位・流罪に処されるも、鎌倉幕府の滅亡をもたらし、京で復位した後、建武の新政を開始した。
- Under such circumstances, Emperor Godaigo of the Daikakuji Imperial line attempted to overthrow the Bakufu twice to revive royal authority for the Imperial Palace (the Shochu Disturbance, the Genko Disturbance), his position was taken away from the bakufu and he was banished, but it caused the ruin of the Kamakura bakufu, Emperor Godaigo became Emperor again in Kyoto and started the Kenmu Restoration.
- 源範頼と義経は院に伺いをたてたところ、院中の公卿、局の女房、女童までも「木曾が法性寺を焼き滅ぼし、多くの高僧が亡くなったのは今井と樋口によるものであり、これを助けることは口惜しい」と述べたため死罪が決まった。
- MINAMOTO no Noriyori and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune asked the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa whether HIGUCHI could be saved, but the court nobles in the palace, even court ladies and girls that worked in palace room said, 'It is impossible to save HIGUCHI because IMAI and HIGUCHI burnt down Hossho-ji Temple and killed many high priests,' thus he was given the death sentence.
- 一方、贈賄側の日本製糖取締役は、瀆職法、文書偽造罪、委託金費消違反に問われ、東京地方裁判所第四部刑事部が担当で1909年(明治42年)12月6日に判決言い渡しがあり、磯村は重禁固4年、秋山が同3年6ヶ月の実刑。
- On the other hand, the board members of Nihon Seito, the bribery suspects, were charged with violating laws for crimes of corruption, counterfeiting of documents, and consumption of a trust fund (Fourth Criminal Affairs Department of the Tokyo District Court was in charge for this), and Isomura was sentenced to a minimum term of 4 years in prison, and Akiyama was sentenced to a minimum term of 3 years and 6 months in prison on December 6, 1909.
- 畠山 勇子(はたけやま ゆうこ、慶応元年(1865年)12月 - 明治24年(1891年)5月20日)は、1891年の大津事件で日露関係が緊張した際、被害者のロシア皇太子に謝罪の遺書を残して自殺した女性である。
- Yuko HATAKEYAMA (December, 1865 - May 20, 1891) was a woman who committed suicide during the period the relationship between Japan and Russia became tense, leaving a suicide note to apologize to the crown prince of Russia who had been attacked by a Japanese in the Otsu Incident of 1891.
- 永久 (元号)元年(1113年)、いわゆる「永久の強訴」に当たっては、平正盛、平忠盛、源為義、源光国らとともに興福寺大衆の鎮圧に派遣され、また同年、鳥羽天皇呪詛の罪状を得た醍醐寺の僧仁寛の逮捕にも当たっている。
- In 1113, on the occasion of the so-called 'Eikyu no goso' (direct petition in Eikyu era), together with TAIRA no Masamori, TAIRA no Tadamori, MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, and MINAMOTO no Mitsukuni, he was dispatched to suppress priests of the Kofuku-ji Temple and, in the same year, he arrested Ninkan, who was a priest of the Daigo-ji Temple and accused of curse against the Emperor Toba.
- 江戸時代の刑罰は共同体からの追放刑が基本であったため、町や村といった公認された共同体の外部に、そこからの追放を受けた犯罪者の共同体が形成され、その内部社会に通じた者を使わなければ犯罪捜査自体が困難だったのである。
- Because banishment from a community was a basic punishment in the Edo period, the communities of criminals who had been banished from authorized communities such as towns and villages were built outside of there, so criminal investigations themselves were difficult without hiring people who knew much about the inner societies.
- しかし、建保4年(1216年)に信清が薨去して以降、建保7年(1219年)には将軍源実朝が暗殺され、承久3年(1221年)の承久の変においては信清の子の坊門忠信は後鳥羽上皇ら討幕勢力に与したため流罪に処せられた。
- However, following Nobukiyo's death in 1216, the Shogun MINAMOTO no Sanetomo was assassinated in 1219, and in the Jokyu War of 1221, Nobukiyo's son Tadanobu BOMON sided with the Retired Emperor Gotoba and lent his military strength to the effort to strike down the shogunate, leading to his exile.
- 一、冤罪も御免の上は、双方とも誠心を以て相合し、皇国の御為に砕身尽力仕り候事は申すに及ばず、いづれの道にしても、今日より双方皇国の御為め皇威相輝き、御回復に立ち至り候を目途に誠しを尽くして尽力して致すべくとの事なり
- Article 6 : When the false charge is cleared up, both the Satsuma Domain and Choshu Domain are sure to be reconciled sincerely with each other and to do their best for the sake of the Japanese Empire, and regardless of the result of the Satsuma Domain's appeal about the charge, both clans shall make every effort from today with sincerity to revive and extend the imperial authority for the empire's sake.
- このような弱小ぶりは、保護された中国人の扱いにおいて「対馬での朝鮮軍の弱小ぶりを詳細に見たことから中国に返還できない」というや、朴実が敗戦の罪により投獄され、李従茂が国民への影響を理由に免罪となった事からも窺える。
- The weakness of the Korean army was further attested to in an entry discussing Chinese captives that they had rescued from Tsushima which said 'Having seen in detail the weakness of our army in Tsushima, we cannot allow our captives to return to China,' as well as by the fact that Sil PAK was held responsible for the defeat and imprisoned; it may be surmised that only the influence of the Korean people enabled Jong Mu YI to escape responsibility.
- ただし、井沢氏の説は梅原氏の説をほぼ全面的に承認しての論であること、また、有間皇子・大津皇子など(いずれも冤罪で亡くなったと思われる)の飛鳥時代の例がとりあげられていない点など、長屋王を画期とする点でも問題が残る。
- Izawa's theory is not convincing because of the following: (1) it simply and fully accepts Umezawa's view (2) it fails to examine the onryo of the Asuka period, including those of Prince Arima and Otsu (both of whom are considered to have died because of false accusations), and, therefore, (3) it concludes that the case of Prince Nagaya is epoch-making.
- その後、武家政権である鎌倉幕府が成立すると、裁判制度の充実を図るとともにこうした故戦防戦を積極的に抑制する方針に転じ、延慶 (日本)3年(1310年)に刈田狼藉を犯罪と規定するなど私軍・私戦の原因を絶つ政策を採った。
- After that, when Kamakura bakufu (a samurai government) was established, the active suppression of such kosen-bosen came to be enforced in addition to the enhancement of the 'trial system,' and a policy of eliminating the causes of watakushiikusa and shisen by means of making Karita-rozeki (to reap rice illegally) a crime was adopted in 1310.
- それは長徳2年(996年)春3月4日、兄弟藤原伊周・藤原隆家の断罪を間近に控えて内裏を退出した中宮定子の二条北宮行啓に、本宮大夫平惟仲以外の上卿が「悉く障りを申し不参」の中で、俊賢は敢えて扈従したことに見出されよう。
- His loyalty can be seen in the event as follows; when Chugu (Empress) Teishi, who had escaped from Dairi (the Inner Palace) just before the execution of brothers FUJIWARA no Korechika and FUJIWARA no Takaie in the spring, on March 30, 996, all the Shokei (the top court officials in charge) other than TAIRA no Korenaka, who had the title of Hongu no daibu (chief of the office of the Imperial Palace), said 'it is better not to go along with her for fear of giving offense,' while Toshikata purposefully acted as a squire.
- 明法家に代表される中世的職務世襲的家系の発生が令外の官の成立と深く影響しあっている例としては、検非違使の裁判権拡大にともない刑部省の量刑機能が失われていき、明法家が罪名を勘申することが広く定着していく様などに見られる。
- One example that emergence of medieval hereditary lineage of duties such as Myobo-ke and formation of ryoge no kan closely influence each other is the process in which the function of Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice) to determine appropriate punishment was lost as jurisdiction of kebiishi expanded and it became common for Myobo-ke to recommend charges.
- 強訴は当時のポーランドではヘンリク条項や議会に関する契約(パクタ・コンヴェンタ)により法的に明確に定められた権利で、全ての貴族にその権利が認められており、強訴が鎮圧されても首謀者は強訴そのものの行為では罪に問われない。
- In Poland at the time, goso was a right legally defined by the Henrician Articles and pacta conventa (contractual agreements on governance, which allowed all the nobles to form goso, and even if it was suppressed, its leaders were not to be accused of the act of goso itself.
- 現代では漫画などで「泥棒が盗品を風呂敷に包んで背負う姿」などに描かれている「唐草模様」(当ページの写真参照)も元来吉祥文様であって、めでたいもののひとつであり、犯罪に関連するものでは全くなかったことに留意すべきである。
- The 'arabesque pattern' (see the photograph on this page) which can be seen presently on cartoons and so on depicting a 'thief who shoulders stolen goods wrapped in arabesque-pattern Furoshiki,' is originally an auspicious omens motif and it should be kept in mind that the pattern has nothing to do with criminal offenses.
- 1331年(元弘元年)の元弘の変で鎌倉幕府の討幕計画が露見し捕縛されて隠岐島に流罪となっていた後醍醐天皇が、1333年(元弘3年/正慶2年)に島を脱出すると、これを船上山(鳥取県東伯郡琴浦町)に迎え、討幕運動に加わる。
- Emperor Godaigo planned an anti-Shogunate movement to attack the Kamakura shogunate government, but the plan was disclosed and Emperor Godaigo was caught and subsequently exiled to Oki no shima Island in 1331 in the Genko War; when he escaped from the island in 1333, Nagatoshi welcomed Emperor Godaigo to Mt. Senjo (Kotoura-cho, Tohaku District, Tottori Prefecture) and joined the anti-Shogunate movement.
- 中国の正史・『隋書』「」には、「」(その俗(中略)自餘は軽重をもって(中略)あるいは杖す)とあり俀國(倭国)において7世紀初頭には既に杖罪が存在していた事が記されており、その起源は少なくとも6世紀にまで遡れるようである。
- The beginning of flogging can at least be traced back to the sixth century, because there is a record in China's official history book Suisho (The Book of the Sui Dynasty) which says 'in this world (…) otherwise depending on the severity (…) they get flogged', which shows that this kind of punishment existed in Yamato (Japan) at the beginning of the seventh century.
- そこで翌明治3年4月29日に政府はそれまでに自訴状を提出した藩の贋貨鋳造を赦免し、またそれ以外の藩でも箱館戦争終結以前の贋貨鋳造行為に関してはかつて明治政府と戦った斗南藩(旧会津藩)なども含めてその罪を不問にするとした。
- Consequently, on April 29, 1870, the government pardoned the domains that had handed in the jisojo before then, and also decided to overlook the coining of counterfeit money done by the other domains before the end of the Hakodate War, including the Tonami Domain (the old Aizu Domain) which used to fight with the Meiji government.
- また、契約期間中に買主に違約があった場合には売主は本銭返と同じように直ちに買戻しが認められた(本銭弁償文言)をはじめ、売主の課役負担や抵当物件の処理、入質の設定、罪科文言などの多くの条件が契約を記した証文中に記されていた。
- Furthermore, most contracts had many provisos written into them that stipulated the wording of what constituted a crime or breach to ensure that if the buyer broke the agreement made with the buyer during the contract period, it would be recognized that the seller would immediately buy back whatever was sold, just as with a honsengaeshi (a land sale that had the seller buy the land back in such a situation; nenki-uri were also worded in such a way as to have sellers buy back whatever had been sold), and moreover, that the seller's obligations for labor (and the distribution of other assignments) as well as the collateral offered for the sale would be disposed of, and that those possessions which could be sold would be pawned.
- 山路愛山(彌吉)は回想録『命耶罪耶』の中で子供の頃(静岡時代)に彰常より、これからは「商人の道」を学ぶように諭された時に武士の子としての誇りから「卑しむべき商人たらんよりは寧ろ自殺するこそよけれ」と叫んだことを記している。
- Aizan (Yakichi) YAMAJI wrote the following story in his commentaries entitled 'Meikatsumika': when Akitsune tried to convince Aizan in his childhood (in Shizuoka) that he should learn 'the way of merchant' from that time on, Aizan spoke out proudly as a son of samurai family that he would rather kill himself than become a humble merchant.
- 750年(天平勝宝2年)に没したという所伝があるが、その後も生存していたことを示す資料もあり、754年(天平勝宝6年)厭魅(まじないで呪い殺す)の罪により薬師寺 (下野市)に左遷された薬師寺の行信と同一人物と見る説もある。
- One legend says Gyoshin died in 750, but there are records suggesting that he lived after that, and another theory says that he was the very person named as Gyoshin who was relegated to Yakushi-ji Temple (today's Shimotsuke City) for the charge of using magic for the purpose of killing somebody in 754.
- 文武王は675年2月に謝罪使を派遣して一時的和平を現出したが、その後も小規模な戦闘を繰り返し、676年11月には白江河口部の伎伐浦(忠清北道舒川郡長項)で唐軍に大打撃を与え、ついに唐の新羅征討と半島支配とをあきらめさせた。
- Although King Munmu dispatched a messenger of apology in February 675 to temporarily create peace, he continued small-scaled battles and gave heavy damages to Tang's army in 伎伐浦 (長項, Seocheon County, North Chungcheong Province) at the mouth of 白江河 River in November 676, and as a result, Tang finally gave up punitive invasion into Silla and conquest of the peninsula.
- しかし、キリシタン棄教の要求を拒否した上、家康の正式な側室への抜擢に難色を示したため、慶長17年(1612年)に禁教令により駿府より追放され、まず伊豆大島に、ついで八丈島もしくは新島に、それから最後に神津島に流罪となった。
- Since she refused to forsake her faith in Christianity and showed reluctance to become an officially-acknowledged concubine of Ieyasu's, she was ousted from Sunpu-jo Castle for violation of the Ban on Christianity, and was exiled first to Izu-oshima Island in 1612, then to Hachijo-jima Island or Nii-jima Island, and finally to Kozu-shima Island.
- 麻呂が藤原四兄弟で一番年下だったこと、兄たちよりも子女の数が少なかった(しかも早世者も多かった)ことに加え、唯一参議に昇った藤原浜成が氷上川継の乱に連座して流罪になったことで、一族全体の政治生命が絶たれてしまったためである。
- The reason is that Maro was the youngest of Fujiwara four brothers and had less number of children (and many of them suffered of premature death), as well as that FUJIWARA no Hamanari, the only person in Kyoke to be appointed to sangi (councilor), was exiled because of his implication in HIKAMI no Kawatsugu's War, which put an end to the political life of the Kyoke family.
- その震災後の混乱期に、「保護検束」の名目で検挙されたアナキスト・朴烈と愛人の金子文子が、翌1924年2月15日に爆発物取締罰則違反で起訴され、1925年5月2日に朴烈が、5月4日に文子が、それぞれ大逆罪にあたるとされた事件。
- During such chaotic period after the earthquake, anarchist Bokuretsu and his mistress Fumiko KANEKO were arrested under the pretext of 'protective custody' and indicted for an offense against the Explosives Control Act on February 15, 1924, and later their charge was switched to high treason and the two were prosecuted again on May 2, 1925 and May 4 respectively.
- なお、勲等に叙す慣習がなくなった今日でも、勲等を詐称することは、位階・学位その他法令に定めた称号、あるいは外国においてそれらに準ずるものを含めて軽犯罪法第1条15項において違法とされ、違反した場合、拘留又は科料に処せられる。
- There is no institution of the medals for merit in Japan at present, but still, the false statement of the medals for merit, including the rank, the academic degree, and any other titles stipulated in the law as well as those corresponding to them in the foreign countries, is treated as illegal according to the Minor Offense Act Article 1 Section 15; the person who violates the law receives punishment like detention or light fine.
- なお、明治40年制定の現行刑法では、殺人未遂罪に相当すると考えられるが、現行刑法では、自ら積極的に行為を中止した場合(中止未遂)の場合を除き、未遂による減軽は裁判官の裁量によるため、殺人罪の法定刑である死刑となる可能性はある。
- According to the current penal code enacted in 1907, Tsuda may be accused of attempted murder, but still there is a possibility that he is sentenced death penalty, because commutation for failed criminal cases are decided at discretion of judges except when a criminal gave up completion of crime on his own will.
- 信実の好敵手であった源親治(宇野親治、同じく頼親から五代後)は、保元元年(1156年)の保元の乱において崇徳上皇方についたため捕虜となるが、南都勢力の伸張を牽制したい後白河天皇の深謀遠慮により、罪を赦されて帰郷を果たしている。
- During the Hogen War in 1156, MINAMOTO no Chikaharu (Chikaharu UNO), who was also a fifth-generation descendant of Yorichika and a worthy opponent of Shinjitsu, supported the retired Emperor Sutoku; for this reason he became a prisoner of war, but due to the farsightedness of the retired Emperor Goshirakawa, who wanted to discourage the expansion of the Nanto forces, he was pardoned and returned home.
- 文禄4年7月、秀次は罪を得て関白の職を剥がれて高野山に放たれ、7月15日、切腹を命じられ、山本主殿、山田三十郎、不破伴作など5人もまた自殺し、秀次の首は伏見で秀吉の首実検に供され、三条河原で梟首(キュウシュ。さらし首)された。
- In the 7th month of 1595, Hidetsugu was convicted of a crime, stripped of his position of Kanpaku (regent to the Emperor), and ordered to commit seppuku at Mt. Koya on the 15th day of the 7th month, which was followed by the suicide of five others including Tonomo YAMAMOTO, Sanjuro YAMADA and Bansaku FUWA, and the presentation of Hidetsugu's head to Hideyoshi for inspection in Fushimi before it was put on public display beside the Sanjo-gawa River.
- 穢れは普通に生活しているだけでも蓄積されていくが、死・疫病・出産・月経、また犯罪によって身体につくとされ、穢れた状態の人は祭事に携ることや、宮廷においては朝参、狩猟者・炭焼などでは山に入ることなど、共同体への参加が禁じられた。
- While Kegare increased even in ordinary daily lives, Kegare was thought to attach to people's body from death, plagues, child birth, period and crimes, and persons with Kegare were prohibited to be involved in ritual ceremonies, conduct Chosan (a visit of a government official to the imperial court) and enter mountains to hunt, char-grill lumbers, etc.
- 後醍醐が隠岐島に流罪となっている間にも、大和国(奈良県)の吉野などで戦った護良親王とともに、河内国の上赤坂城や金剛山 (金剛山地)中腹に築いた山城、千早城に籠城してゲリラ戦法や糞尿攻撃などを駆使して幕府の大軍を相手に奮戦する。
- While Emperor Godaigo was exiled to Okinoshima Island, Masashige and Imperial Prince Morinaga, who fought with him in Yoshino in Yamato Province (present-day Nara Prefecture) and other places, held Kamiakasaka-jo Castle in Kawachi Province and Chihaya-jo Castle, which was a a castle built on a mountain to take advantage of the mountain's topography, built in the middle of Mt. Kongo (Kongo mountainous district), using guerrilla tactics, excrement attack and others, to fight against a huge army of the bakufu.
- 姦夫を妻敵討として殺害した本夫が姦夫の親族から殺人罪で告発された裁判で、本夫が姦通を理由に先に妻を殺害してしまえばその原因を作った姦夫は妻敵になるのであるから、本夫が妻敵討を行っても殺人罪とはならず無罪となるという判例を下した。
- The bakufu set a legal precedent that if the real husband killed his wife first for the reason of adultery, the adulterer who had brought about the cause would be considered as megataki (adulterer), and for this reason, even if the husband practiced megataki uchi (revenge oneself on the adulterer), it would not constitute a crime of murder, and thus, the husband was innocent.
- 「文の心は我等過去に正法を行じける者に・あだをなして・ありけるが今かへりて信受すれば過去に人を障(ささえ)る罪にて未来に大地獄に堕つべきが、今生に正法を行ずる功徳・強盛なれば未来の大苦を招き越して少苦に値(あ)うなり」(兄弟抄)
- Besides, he mentions that the essential point of the sutras is doing us wrong, although we practiced shobo in the past, but now if we believe and practice the shobo again, the kudoku (merit) gained by practicing shobo in this world is so strong that we will deserve only a small amount of trouble without inviting larger troubles in the future, even if we should fall into great hell in the future due to sins we committed to hurt others in the past' (in 'Kyodaisho' (Nichiren's teachings given to Ikegami brothers in 1275).
- 野宮定逸は花山院定熙の孫だったが、父の花山院忠長が慶長14年(1609年)後陽成天皇の勅勘により蝦夷地(北海道)に流罪になったため(猪熊事件)、祖父に養育されて成人し、後水尾天皇の意向により祖父の養子縁組として野宮家を創立した。
- In 1609, Tadanaga KAZANIN was banished to Ezochi (Hokkaido) by Imperial order from Emperor Goyozei because of the Inokuma Incident, his son, Sadatoshi NONOMIYA was adopted and raised by his grandfather, Sadahiro KAZANIN, and later Emperor Gomizunoo allowed Sadatoshi to found the Nonomiya family.
- 無罪となった神川と管野は9月1日に、また執行猶予の付いた徳永と小暮は4日にそれぞれ出獄したが、大杉には重禁錮2年6ヶ月と罰金25円、堺、山川、森岡には重禁錮2年と罰金20円、荒畑、宇都宮には重禁錮1年6ヶ月と罰金15円が科せられた。
- KAMIKAWA and KANNO, found not guilty, were discharged from prison on September 1 and TOKUGAWA and KOGURE, given a suspended sentence, were discharged on September 4, while OSUGI was sentenced to two years and six months in prison and fined 25 yen, SAKAI, YAMAKAWA and MORIOKA were sentenced to two years in prison and fined 20 yen, and ARAHATA and UTSUNOMIYA were sentenced to one year and six months in prison and fined 15 yen.
- 「仔細ありてこもりし居の身も、今日免許のときを得て、御教書到来武将へ謁する都入り。少しもこの身に凶事あれば、その身は重罪。かなわぬ事だ。自滅したのはうぬが仕合せ。もがくな。もがくな。はてよい様な。」と大学之助は嘲笑い悠々と立ち去る。
- Daigakunosuke laughs mockingly and says, 'I have been confined to my home for some reason, but now, having received an official message to forgive me, I am going to Kyoto to see my lord. If anything happens to me, you will be severely punished. You cannot do that. It is better for you to perish. Don't struggle, don't struggle. You look miserable.' and he leaves there relaxed.
- しかし将門らが承平9年5月2日付けで常陸国・下総国・下野国・武蔵国・上野国5カ国の国府の「謀反は事実無根」との証明書を太政大臣藤原忠平へ送ると、将門らはその申し開きが認められ、逆に経基は讒言の罪によって左衛門府に拘禁されてしまった。
- However Masakado sent proof that came from five Kokufu (provincial office) of Hitachi Province, Shimosa Province, Shimotsuke Province, Musashi Province, Kozuke Province, dated May 28, 939, to Dajo daijin (imperial regent and grand minister), FUJIWARA no Tadahira, in which said 'there was no proof that there was a plan to plot treason,' then Masakado's pleading was accepted, on the other hand, Tsunemoto was detained in Left division of palace gate guards for punishment of his slander.
- 一方で、不平等条約上、有利な側にある国の国民が、不利な側にある国で犯罪を犯した際に、その国の裁判所にて裁くことができない状態となるため、治安問題が増大するという問題や、関税率の操作で貿易において不当に利益をあげ得る、などの問題がある。
- Meanwhile, there are some problems such as security matters are increased, or the people can gain unreasonable profits in trade due to manipulation of tariff rates, since the people of a country standing in a favorable position under the unequal treaty cannot be put on trial in the court of a country in an unfavorable position when the people have committed a crime in the latter country.
- 堕落した僧界の現状を恥じる赤裸々な内容が壮絶な同経文は、「我皆相代わって悉く懺悔す、更にまたその報いを受けしめざれ」という贖罪の決意を明らかにした末文も相まって、現在も真言宗各派において宗教家の自覚を促し自戒する経文として広く唱えられる。
- This sutra, with fierce content of naked facts with shame of the situation of corrupt world of priests, combined with the last sentence that clearly stipulates his determination of atonement 'I make every confession in lieu of everyone, and also will suffer for it,' has been wide spread as a awareness-raising and self-reproaching sutra among various sects of Shingon even now
- なお、流罪の場合でも非常赦と呼ばれる特別な恩赦が出ない限りは生涯流刑地から離れることは許されず、また死刑の際に付随される親族の連坐や除名、資財田宅の没官は宥免されなかったことから、当時の社会においては社会的に完全に抹殺される効果はあった。
- In the case of banishment, it was not permitted to leave the place where one was banished for life unless special amnesty called hijosha was granted, and family members could not be pardoned from guilt-by-association, also, expulsion, and impounding of assets and farm/housing land that went along with the death sentence, which effectively and entirely denied their social existence in those times.
- 刑罰について特別の斟酌(しんしゃく)をうける六議(ろくぎ)の制度のみならず、有位者がその位階に応じて罪の軽減をうけたり、また現実には、八虐(はちぎやく)・殺人などの重罪を犯さないかぎり一般の刑罰をうけることがなかったことは、その一例である。
- For instance, in addition to the rokugi (six considerations) system where special allowance was made for punishment, those with rank had their punishment reduced based upon their rank, or in reality, did not receive general punishment unless they committed crimes such as hachigyaku (the eight most abominable acts or omissions) or homicide.
- これにより晴季は朝廷内で重きをなしたが、秀吉の甥で養子の関白豊臣秀次に娘を嫁がせていたため、文禄4年(1595年)8月に秀次が謀反の疑いを懸けられ高野山で自害を強いられ、秀次の一族妻妾が殺されると、これに連座し、越後国に流罪となり失脚した。
- From this time Harusue began attaining power within the Imperial Court yet, as he had his daughter to merry kanpaku Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, who was Hideyoshi's nephhew and his adopted son of Hideyoshi, in September 4, 1595, Hidetsugu was forced to commit suicide on Mt. Koya over suspicion of his fomenting rebellion, with his relatives, wife, and mistress being killed, and through this connection Harusue was forced to step down from his appointed office and was banished to Echigo Province.
- 具体的には「関税自主権を行使させない」ことや「治外法権などを認めさせる」ことで、ある国の企業や人が、憲法及び法典のない国に商品を輸入したりする際に莫大な税金を要求されたり、軽犯罪によって死刑を被ったりすることを避けることを目的としたものである。
- Specifically, its objective is to 'prevent the enforcement of tariff autonomy' or 'have extraterritoriality approved' and thereby avoid a situation where a corporation or person from one country is requested to pay an enormous amount of tax when importing commodities to a country which has no constitution or legal codes, or is sentenced to death for a petty crime.
- 1882年に施行された旧刑法116条、および大日本帝国憲法制定後の1908年に施行された刑法73条(1947年に削除)が規定していた、天皇、皇后、皇太子等を狙って危害を加えたり、加えようとする罪、いわゆる大逆罪が適用され、訴追された事件の総称。
- Taigyaku Jiken is a collective term referring to the incidents in which perpetrators were prosecuted for high treason, which was a crime to inflict or try to inflict harm on Emperor, Empress or Crown Prince, as defined in the article 116 of the former Penal Code enforced in 1882 and the article 73 of the Penal Code enforced in 1908 after the enactment of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (the article was eliminated in 1947).
- そこには高田足人が罪により投獄され封戸を没収されたこととともに、「足人の祖父は美濃国の主稲で、壬申の兵乱に際して自分の馬で皇駕(天皇が乗る馬。天皇その人を間接的に指す)を美濃・尾張国に奉じた。天皇はこれを賞して封戸を与え子に伝えさせた」とある。
- According to the article, with the story that TAKATA no Tarito was jailed for a charge and his fuko were confiscated, it is said that Tarito's grandfather was Syuto in Mino Province and he devoted Koga (horse for the Emperor, the word can also imply the Emperor itself) by his own horse to Mino and Owari Provinces, then the Emperor praised his behavior, gave him fuko and let him hand them down to his children.
- 近年の中西康裕らの説では、道鏡が実際に皇位を狙ったとすれば極刑に該当する重罪であるにも関わらず称徳天皇崩御後の下野への流刑は罰としてはあまりにも軽く、浄人ら一族関係者にも死罪が出ていないことから、皇位継承を企てたという説は「後付」ではないかとされる。
- According to the opinion of Yasuhiro NAKANISHI and others in recent years, Dokyo's plot to ascend the Imperial Throne might have been 'added' by people in the later generations from the reasons that the exile to Shimotsuke was too light if Dokyo really aimed at ascending the Imperial Throne since it is a serious crime falling under the maximum penalty, and that people related to Dokyo including Kiyohito were not punished by the capital punishment.
- 大治 (日本)5年(1130年)、清光は一族の佐竹氏(伯父源義業の系統)と争い、朝廷より父とともに常陸から追放され、甲斐国八代郡 (甲斐国)市河荘に(山梨県市川三郷町、旧西八代郡市川大門町)へ流罪となる(源師時の日記『長秋記』、『尊卑分脈』による)。
- In 1130, Kiyomitsu clashed with the Satake clan (family related to his uncle MINAMOTO no Yoshinari) and was banished along with his father by the Imperial Count to Ichikawasho in Yatsushiro-gun, Kai Province (former Nishiyatsushiro district, Ichikawa Misato-cho, Yamanashi Prefecture), according to Choshuki (diary of MINAMOTO no Morotoki) and 'Sonpi-bunmyaku,' an ancient record of family lineages.
- 清盛の非道を示す有名なエピソードである「殿下乗合事件」は、清盛が松殿基房に報復したというのは平家物語のフィクションであって、実際には非道な報復を行ったのは重盛であり、『玉葉』や『百錬抄』の記述によれば清盛はむしろ基房に謝罪的な行為を示したと言われる。
- The Tenga no noriai incident (the incident of Motofusa in the Palace) was a famous episode that supposedly showed Kiyomori's cruel personality, but Kiyomori's retaliation against Motofusa MATSUDONO was a fictional episode in 'Heike Monogatari,' it was Shigemori who actually took cruel revenge, and according to 'Gyokuyo' and 'Hyakurensho,' Kiyomori in fact exhibited apologetic behavior toward Motofusa.
- 当時の処罰記録の調査によると、ごく少数の武家階級の生類憐みの令違反に対しては厳罰が下された事例も発見できるものの、それらの多くは生類憐みの令に違反したためというよりは、お触れに違反したためという、いわば「反逆罪」的な要素をもっての厳罰であるという解釈がある。
- According to investigations into punishment records of the time, although there are cases of severe punishment for lawbreakers among very small numbers of samurai, the punishment was not for violation of the law but for violation of the official notice, which can be interpreted as severe punishment being more linked with 'rebellion' and 'treason' than law-breaking.
- 一般に「試刀術」(試剣術)と呼ばれるこの刀剣性能測定法は、美意識・美的価値による芸術としての刀剣鑑定・ランク付けではなく、鎧や兜といった武具など、そして実際に人間(通常、死罪人か死体そのもの)を斬ることにより、実際の道具としての刀剣性能を品評するものである。
- This method for evaluating performance of a sword, which is usually called 'shitojutsu' (or shikenjutsu) is not the evaluation or ranking of a sword from the viewpoint of a sense of beauty or aesthetic value but to evaluate performance of the sword as a practical tool by cutting arms such as armor and helmet, or a real human body (usually, a condemned convict or a dead body).
- また、この頃(承和_(日本)年間)藤原種継暗殺事件によって没収されて大学寮勧学田に編入された加賀国にあるかつての大伴家持所有の100町余りの水田を家持は無罪として赦免されているのに返還されないのは不当として強引に返還させたという(三善清行『意見十二箇条』)。
- During those days, he asserted that it was unfair not to return to the Otomo family the paddy fields covering an area of about 10.9km in the Province of Kaga, which had been formerly owned by the Otomo family but confiscated and incorporated into the Kangakuden, state paddy fields to produce food for bureaucrat trainees, following the murder case of FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu; although OTOMO no Yakamochi was acquitted, and had the paddy fields forcibly returned to the Otomo family according to IkenJunikajo (lit. Twelve Opinions) by Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI.
- 朝鮮側がこの条項になんら抵抗を示していないのは、先に述べたように国際法についての無関心からくるのであるが、それ以外に江戸時代の対馬藩との往来の頃には民事案件であろうと刑事のものであろうと、日本人犯罪者は倭館の日本人責任者に引き渡していた慣例があったためである。
- One reason why Korea did not resist this provision was that they were indifferent to international law, as described before, but there was another reason that during the Edo period when they traded with the Tsushima clan, traditionally the criminals were given over to the Japanese in charge in the Japanese consular office, no matter whether it was a civil or criminal case.
- 被告人は、公務執行妨害罪及び傷害罪で起訴されたが、巡査による写真撮影は違法捜査であるから、適法な公務執行ではなく、これに抵抗しても公務執行妨害罪は成立しない、として争った(違法な公務執行がなされた場合に公務執行妨害罪が成立しないことは、一般に認められている)。
- The defendant was charged with obstruction of performance of official duties and bodily injury, but he claimed that the police officer's photographing was an illegal investigation and therefore the official duties were not legal and the charge was not valid (it is generally accepted that the charge for obstruction of performance of official duties is not valid when the official duties are illegal).
- 親王の長男である康仁親王(1320年-1355年)は後醍醐天皇が再度の倒幕計画に失敗(元弘の変)して流罪となり、持明院統の光厳天皇が即位すると大覚寺統の嫡流として皇太子に立てられたものの、翌年の幕府滅亡と後醍醐天皇の復帰とともに光厳天皇ともども廃位されている。
- The eldest son of the Prince, Imperial Prince Yasuhito (1320 - 1355) was banished after he failed to overthrow the bakufu again (The Genko Disturbance), once he was appointed as Crown Prince as the successor from the Daikakuji Imperial line after Emperor Kogon of Jimyoin Imperial line succeeded to the throne, but he lost his position the following year, together with Emperor Kogon, when the bakufu went to ruin and Emperor Godaigo came back to his position as Emperor.
- 法然の思想の根底には、『選択本願念仏集』や『黒谷上人語灯録』などには、「罪悪深重の衆生」「妄想顛倒の凡夫」などという表記が数多く見られるように、まず自分を含めた衆生の愚かさや罪といったものへの深い絶望があり、そこから凡夫である衆生の救済への道を探り始めている。
- Because words such as 'the multitude who are deeply sinful' and 'unenlightened people who are confused with delusions' appear often in 'Senchaku Hongan Nenbutsu Shu' and 'Kurodani Shonin Gotoroku,' at the base of Honen's ideology there is a deep despair in the sinfulness and foolishness of the multitude including himself, and he uses that as the starting point for exploring the path to deliver the multitude who are unenlightened.
- また、弁官局は職掌によって左右に分かれているが、官宣旨はその職掌とは無関係に吉事(一般の行政・事件)は左弁官が、凶事(犯罪者の追捕)は右弁官が発給することとなっており、しかも前者が発給する(「左弁官下文」)が圧倒的に多いため、前者のみを官宣旨と称する場合もある。
- Benkankyoku had two benkans according to its duties: benkan of the right (called ubenkan) and benkan of the left (called sabenkan), but kansenji were issued irrespective of these duties, that is, kansenji on happy events (ordinary administrative events) were issued by sabenkan, whereas kansenji on unhappy events (additional arrests) are issued by ubenkan, and since edicts issued by the former (called 'sabenkan gebun') are predominantly numerous, some claim that only this type of documents are kansenji.
- こうした考え方は戦国時代 (日本)の分国法にも取り入れられ、今川氏の今川仮名目録では「喧嘩におよぶ輩は理非を論ぜず双方とも死罪」「喧嘩を仕掛けられても堪忍してこらえ・・とりあえず穏便に振る舞ったことは道理にしたがったと・・して罪を免ぜられるべき」(第8条)とある。
- Its idea was also introduced into bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo [Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period] enforced in their own domain) in the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan): Imagawa Kana Mokuroku (Kana List of Articles of the Imagawa) of the Imagawa clan laid down that 'those who engaged in an armed conflict were both to be executed, irrespective of the question of right or wrong,' and 'who having borne and controlled himself under the provocation... and peacefully settled the matter for the moment was judged as reasonable..., and was to be exempt from punishment' (Article 8).
- しかし元弘元年(1331年)、元弘の変によって後醍醐天皇が捕らえられ、翌元弘2年(正慶元年、1332年)3月に天皇が隠岐諸島に流罪となると、禧子はそれに伴って同年5月、新たに立てられた北朝の光厳天皇より女院号を宣下されて礼成門院と称し、追って同年8月には出家する。
- However in 1331, after the Genko Incident, Emperor Godaigo was caught and was sentenced to deportation to the Oki Islands in March 1332, Kishi was given Nyoin go title by Emperor Kogon of the newly established Northern Court government in May, she was named Reizeimonin, and entered into the priesthood in August in the same year.
- しかし、奈良時代はとかく政争が多かったが、大伴氏もそれに関わる事が多く、長屋王の変では長屋王と親しかった旅人は事件前後に一時的に大宰府に左遷された程度で済んだが、橘奈良麻呂(橘諸兄の息子)の変では古麻呂は拷問死、大伴古慈悲は流罪(称徳天皇崩御後に復帰。)に処された。
- The Nara Period was marked by political strife in which the Otomo clan was often involved and in Nagayao no Hen (the Conspiracy of Nagayao), Tabito, who was close to Nagayao, was temporarily transferred to Dazaifu as punishment, while in TACHIBANA no Naramaro no Hen (the Conspiracy of TACHIBANA no Moroe, which involved the son of TACHIBANA no Moroe), Komoro was tortured to death and OTOMO no Kojihi was deported, not to return until after the demise of the Emperor Shotoku.
- そして桶狭間で義元が信長に討たれて今川氏が混乱すると、「世良田二郎三郎元信」は同志を集めて浜松城を落とし、さらに勢いに乗じて三河を攻略しようとしたが、松平元康と名乗っていた家康に敗れて降伏し、信康の身柄を元康に返還することを条件に罪を許され、その家臣になったという。
- When Yoshimoto was killed in the Battle of Okehazama and the IMAGAWA Clan became disorganized, 'Jiro Saburo Motonobu SERATA' and his comrades captured Hamamatsu-jo Castle and tried to occupy Mikawa Province, but were defeated by Ieyasu (Motoyasu at that time), and forced to submit to him and return his son, Nobuyasu, and became the vassal of Ieyasu.
- ところが、長暦2年(1038年)、天台座主に園城寺明尊が任ぜられたことから勃発した「山相論」において、頼通から延暦寺大衆 (仏教)の説得を期待された良円は説得に失敗したのみならず、翌年には彼らに擁されて頼通の高倉殿に大衆3千人と強訴する事件を引き起こして罪に問われる。
- Yet in 1038, once Myoson of Onjo-ji Temple became the Tendai-zasu (the highest post of Tendai sect), the 'sansoron' (the mountain debate) broke out; Ryoen, who was expected by Yorimichi to persuade the priests residing in Enryaku-ji Temple, was defeated in the debate, and what's worse, the following year he was blamed for gathering the clergy around him and inciting a crowd of 3000 priests to march on Yorimichi's Takakura palace and stage a goso (forceful protest).
- 棒手振り(棒手売)が幕府による経済振興や弱者救済として奨励され、古物の修理・回収が盛んになり、物の消費に一定の罪悪感が無くなったことや、鯨などの食料や資源の徹底した活用や、それによって生ずる人糞までも肥料化による利用と売買など、消費が振興となったことが大きいといえる。
- Behind the above, there was a fact that a sense of sin for consumption declined because the repair/collection of used articles became vigorous thanks to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)'s policy of encouraging bote-furi (bote-uri) (vending while calling to customers), which was introduced for the promotion of economy and the relief of the socially vulnerable, as well as the use and sale of various foodstuffs such as whale meat and night soil.
- なお、小説家の井沢元彦は逆説の日本史において、古代の日本は中国文明の影響によって、子孫の祭祀の絶えた者が怨霊となるとして、これを「プレ怨霊信仰」と呼び、それが長屋王と藤原四子の事件により「冤罪で死んだ者が怨霊となる」という「日本的怨霊信仰」へと変化したと提唱している。
- Additionally, Motohiko IZAWA, a novelist who wrote 'Gyakusetu no nihonnshi' ('Japanese History in Paradox'), says in his book that ancient Japanese, under the influence of Chinese Civilization, believed that spirits totally neglected by their decendents would become onryo, which he defines as 'the stage before goryo shinko', and that due to the incident of Prince Nagaya and the four Fujiwara sons, the stage developed into a typical Japanese onryo shinko whereby the departed soul of a man who died because of a false charge would become an onryo.
- なぜこんな事をしたのかは定かではないが、承久の乱を計画し鎌倉幕府に流罪処分を受けていた最中の後鳥羽天皇の歌が、はじめに発表された「百人一首」にあり、後の「百人秀歌」にない事から、「百人秀歌」は定家の政治的配慮がこめられていた「百人一首」の修正版ではないかとの説がある。
- It is uncertain why Sadaie made such a difference, but one theory pointed out that Hyakunin Issu contained poems by Emperor Gotoba who had been sent into exile by Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) due to his attempt of the Jokyu War, but none was found in Hyakunin Shuka which was published after Hyakunin Issu; therefore, Hyakunin Shuka was the revised version of Hyakunin Issue based on Sadaie's political consideration.
- 承平 (日本)6年(936年)、護は朝廷に将門と真樹についての告状を提出し、朝廷はこれにもとづいて真樹らに召喚の官符を発したが、承平7年(937年)4月7日の朱雀天皇元服の大赦によって全ての罪を赦され、後の承平7年(937年)9月23日、将門と共に弓袋山で平良兼と戦った。
- In 936, Mamoru submitted a complaint regarding Masakado and Makito to the Imperial Court, who issued a kanpu (official documents from Dajokan) to call for Maki and so on based on the complaint, but he was forgiven for all sins as Emperor Suzaku granted an amnesty on May 24, 937 and on September 23, 937, he and Masakado fought against TAIRA no Yoshikane in Mt. Yubukuro-yama.
- 同年12月には定子の腹から一条天皇第一皇女脩子内親王が出生し、帝が定子入内を強く望む一方、東三条女院の病気も一向に快方に向かわず、朝廷は遂に長徳3年(997年)4月5日、女院御悩による大赦に託けて大宰権帥伊周・出雲権守隆家兄弟の罪科を赦し、太政官符を以って召還することに決めた。
- In January 997, Teishi gave birth to Imperial Princess Shushi (or Nagako), the first Princess of Emperor Ichijo, and the Emperor yearned to have Teishi back in the Imperial Court as the Empress; on the other hand, Higashi Sanjo Nyoin (or Higashi Sanjoin) was hardly recovered yet from her illness; at last on May 18, 997, the Imperial Court decided to pardon the brothers Dazai gon no sochi Korechika and Izumo gon no kami Takaie under the general amnesty on Nyoin gono (illness of Nyoin) to send them back by Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State).
- 作中では主である旗本中川三郎兵衛を殺害してその妾と出奔、鳥居峠 (長野県)で茶屋経営の裏で強盗を働いていたが、己の罪業を感じて出家、主殺しの罪滅ぼしのために青の洞門の開削を始め、後に仇とつけ狙った三郎兵衛の息子と共に鑿ったものとされるが、主殺しなどのエピソードは菊池の創作である。
- The murder episode depicted in this novel is a fiction created by the author Kikuchi; according to the novel, the main character killed his master, a direct retainer of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Saburobei NAKAGAWA, ran away with his master's concubine, became a robber while running a rest house at Torii Pass (Nagano Prefecture), but when he felt his sin, he went into priesthood, started excavation of a tunnel in expiation for his sin, and ended up working together with a son of Saburobei, who followed him seeking revenge, to complete the excavation.
- この説は北東北戊辰戦争に従軍した山本八十吉の話(『大館戊辰戦史』93頁)、斬殺された仙台使節の罪状書きに「尊氏の悪例」と書かれていた(『仙台戊辰史』)ことを根拠とする(中山吉弘編著『明治維新と名参謀前山清一郎』〔東京図書出版会、2002年 ISBN 4434013491〕を参照)。
- This theory was based on the story by Yasokichi YAMAMOTO who served in the Northern Tohoku Boshin War ('History of Boshin War in Odate', page 93) and on the fact that 'bad example of Takauji' was written in the indictment document of Sendai Shisetsu (an envoy from Sendai) who was killed with a sword ('History of Boshin War in Sendai') (See 'The Meiji Restoration and The Great General Staff Seiichiro MAEYAMA' compiled by Yoshihiro NAKAYAMA, [Tokyo Tosho Shuppankai (publishing company), 2002, ISBN 4434013491]).
- 事件は、京都帝国大学法学部の瀧川幸辰教授が、1932年10月中央大学法学部で行った講演「『復活』を通して見たるトルストイの刑法観」の内容(レフ・トルストイの思想について「犯罪は国家の組織が悪いから出る」などと説明)が無政府主義的として文部省および司法省内で問題化したことに端を発する。
- The incident started when a lecture, 'Tolstoy's view on penal law through his novel, 'Resurrection'' in October 1932 by Professor Yukitoki TAKIGAWA of the Faculty of Law, Kyoto Imperial University explained in his talk that 'Criminal offenses occur when organization of the national governmental is bad,' which was considered problematic by the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Law as being anarchist.
- 罪人なので京には入らず、大津市から山科区を経てる醍醐路を通り、日野の近くに差しかかった時、重衡は護送の武士に「私には子がないので思い残すことはないのですが、この近くに妻がおりますので今一度対面して後生のことなど申し伝えておきたいのです」と最後の情けを願い、武士たちも涙してこれを許した。
- Being a captive, Shigehira was not allowed to enter Kyoto, and as they came near Hino through the Daigo road, which is located between Otsu City and Yamashina Ward of Kyoto City, Shigehira made his last plea, saying, 'I don't have any children that I need to worry about; however, I have a wife who lives near here, so please allow me to see her and to tell her what to do after my death,' upon which convoy samurais, moved to tears, granted his request.
- また、火葬をおこなう場合には、当該死体に係る死亡届等を受理した市町村長の許可が必要であり(墓地、埋葬等に関する法律第5条)、この許可を受けずに火葬した場合には、墓地、埋葬等に関する法律違反となるほか(「罰則」規定同法第21条)、刑法190条「死体遺棄・死体損壊罪」に問われる可能性もある。
- When cremation is undertaken, permission of the head of the municipality, who received the death notification for the deceased is required (Article 5, Act of Burial, Cremation, etc.), and in case cremation takes place without this permission, it not only constitutes an offense of the Act of Burial, Cremation, etc. (Article 21of the Act, 'Punitive' clause) but also can be considered as a violation of the Penal Code, Article 190, 'Abandonment of a Corpse.'
- また、この罰の現象が現れる時期については、『種種御振舞御書』で「遠流・死罪の後百日一年三年七年が内に自界叛逆難とて此の御一門どしうち(同士打)はじまるべし」、また『四信五品抄』で「優陀延王は賓頭盧尊者を蔑如して七年の内に身を喪失し相州は日蓮を流罪して百日の内に兵乱に遇えり」などと述べた。
- In addition, as to the period of the phenomenon for this punishment, he described in 'Shiju onfurumai Gosho' (On the Buddha's Behavior) as 'Within the one hundred days or one year, three years, seven years after exile and death penalties, inter-clan conflicts will occur as Jikaihongyakunan (trouble of inter-clan conflicts),' and in 'Shishin gohon sho' (On the Four Stages of Faith and the Five Stages of Practice) as 'The king Udaen disdains the Binzuru-sonja and goes to ruin within the seven years, and Soshu (Sagami province) will be attacked within one hundred days after the exile of Nichiren.'
- 同月24日に至り、花山法皇を射奉る不敬、東三条院呪詛、大元帥法を私に行うこと三カ条の罪状により、除目が行われ、内大臣伊周を大宰権帥に、中納言隆家を出雲国権守に貶める宣旨が下され、彼らの異母兄弟、外戚高階家、また中宮の乳母子源方理らも左遷されたり殿上の御簡を削られたりと、悉く勅勘を蒙った。
- On May 19, a Jimoku (ceremony for appointing officials) took place based on three charges -- lese-majeste for shooting an arrow at Emperor Kazan, having cast a curse on Higashi Sanjoin, and having carried out privately Daigensuiho -- thereby a senji was issued to demote Naidaijin Korechika to Dazai gon no sochi (Provisional Governor-General of the Dazai-fu officer) and Chunagon Takaie to Gon no kami (vice-protector) of Izumo Province, and imperial reprimands were delivered to all of their half brothers by different mothers, the maternal relative Takashina family, and a chugu's wet nurse's child MINAMOTO no Katamasa such that they were exiled or punished by salary reduction.
- 718年(養老2年)大和国の長谷寺の開基である徳道上人が62歳のとき、病のために亡くなるが冥土の入口で閻魔大王に会い、生前の罪業によって地獄へ送られる者があまりにも多いことから、三十三箇所の観音霊場をつくり巡礼によって人々を救うように託宣を受けるとともに起請文と三十三の宝印を授かり現世に戻された。
- Saint Tokudo, the founder of the Hase-dera Temple in Yamato Province, met Enma Daio (King Yama, or the King of Hell) at the entrance to the other world when he died of disease at the age of sixty-two in 718; he received from Enma Daio an oracle telling him to build thirty-three holy places of Kannon and save people by having them make the pilgrimage, then received the kishomon (written oath) to Kannon and the thirty-three hoin (temple seals), and was sent back to the world to accomplish these tasks, for too many people had been sent to hell from bad karma.
- 貴族や官人の官職及び官位を改廃する権限、令外官(りょうげのかん)の設置権、官人の叙位および任用権限、五衛府(ごえふ)や軍団兵士に対するすべての指揮命令権、罪刑法定主義を原則とする律の刑罰に対して勅断権と大赦権、外国の使者や外国へ派遣する使者に対する詔勅の使用などの外交権、皇位継承の決定権などである。
- The authority to establish and abolish government posts and official court ranks for nobles and officials, the right to appoint Ryoge no kan (a new governmental post), the authority to bestow court rank and to appoint officials, all rights of leadership and command towards army corps, soldiers and goefu (Palace guards), the right to make imperial judgment and right to grant general amnesty with respect to punishments under ritsu codes - these were based on the principle of legality, diplomatic rights such as right to use shochoku (the Imperial edict) on envoys to and from foreign countries and right to decide on succession to the Imperial Throne.
- 土方から依頼されて新撰組の誠の旗をつくった染物屋の女主人を手ごめにし(女主人は恥じて自殺してしまう)、さらに罪のない職人の親方を斬り捨て、その弟子の職人たちと乱闘(大坂力士乱闘事件の改変)、あげくに親方の妹のお梅をまたも手ごめにする(お梅は発狂)など悪行をくりかえし、最後は土方と沖田たちに成敗される。
- SERIZAWA raped the female owner of the dyer who prepared the Shinsen-gumi's banner of loyalty (the owner was so ashamed that she killed herself), also slashed the master craftsman who was innocent, then scuffled with the craftsmen who were apprentices under the master (modified version of the scuffle with sumo wrestlers in Osaka), furthermore, raped Oume who was the sister of the master (Oume became insane), and continued other vicious deeds; he was eventually slashed as a punishment by HIJIKATA, OKITA and others.
- しかしながら、京に伝えられた義家の無限地獄の伝承や、義家の同時代人藤原宗忠が、その日記『中右記』に、「故義家朝臣は年来武者の長者として多く無罪の人を殺すと云々。積悪の余り、遂に子孫に及ぶか」と記したことも合わせ考えると、義家に従って参戦した京武者から伝え聞いた義家のひとつの側面であり実話と見なしうる。
- However, considering the tradition of Yoshiie's hell in Kyoto and a description of 'Chuyuki' (a diary written by FUJIWARA no Munetada who lived in the same period as Yoshiie) as 'The late Yoshiie Ason had killed many innocent people as the head of warriors for a long time. His piling sins may affect on his descendants,' it is one of the aspects of Yoshiie told by a samurai in the imperial capital who joined the war with Yoshiie, so that it can be regarded as the truth.
- 特に太政官においては五位以上の官人から犯罪者が出た場合にこれを処分する「罪名定」と呼ばれる陣定が行われ、その際に決して律令に精通しているとは言い難い天皇もしくは摂関以下の公卿から当該事件に適用すべき罪名(犯罪の名称とそれに対応する刑罰)に関する諮問が明法博士ら明法家に対して行われ、これに対して明法家は明法勘文の提示を行った。
- Especially in Daijokan, when officials of lower than grade five committed a crime, a Jinnosadame (council) called 'Zaimyosadame' was held where the emperors or Kugyo (ministers) with lower positions than Sekkan (regent) who did not know ritsuryo very well, asked opinions to the doctors of Myoho and Myoho experts for submission of Myobokanmon response papers.
- しかし大津地裁で扱われるべき事件を正常な手続きなしで大審院に移したり(大逆罪の適用を考慮していた為、皇室罪に関する裁判はすべて大審院における一審において判決が下されることから、適用可否判断を含め地裁ではなく大審院に持ち込まれることになった)、裁判に直接関わっていなかった児島が干渉を重ねたことは裁判官の独立等の問題として残った。
- Basically, Tsuda's trial should have been handled by the Otsu District Court, but it was taken over by Daishin-in without taking a formal procedure (Since Tsuda's case could be treated as a high treason, Daishin-in, which handled all crime cases against the Imperial family, was required to judge whether it should be treated as a high treason and if so, rendered a judgment).
- 同じく赤松一族で但馬竹田城城主・斎村政広も西軍から東軍に寝返ったものの、西軍に与した宮部長房の居城・鳥取城を攻めるときにあまりに手ひどく城下町を焼き払ったために、徳川家康から戦後、これを理由に自害(この件に関しては寝返りを促した亀井茲矩に責任転嫁された冤罪説が強い)を命じられてしまい、これにより大名としての赤松氏は滅亡したのである。
- Masahiro SAIMURA, also a member of the Akamatsu family and was the lord of Takeda-jo Castle in Tajima Province, switched to the East squad from the West squad as well, but after the battle (Battle of Sekigahara) he was ordered to kill himself by Ieyasu Tokugawa, for the charge that Masahiro seriously damaged the castle town by setting fire brutally when he attacked Nagafusa MIYABE of the West squad at his home castle, Tottori-jo Castle, (for this incident, the theory of the false accusation caused by Koremori KAMEI, who encouraged the betrayal and shifted the responsibility is highly likely), and with Masahiro's death, the Akamatsu clan as daimyo had distinguished.
- 各地の戦国大名に対抗して教団の統率力を高めた事は評価されるものの、後に驕りから顕証寺と布教地域が重複していた教団内の有力寺院である堅田本福寺_(大津市)に3度(1518年・1527年・1532年)も無実の罪を着せて破門するなどの専横を見せるようになった(破門は本来法主にしか許されていなかったが、蓮淳は証如の後見人としての職務代行を利用して破門を行った)。
- While his efforts in enhancing the religious community's leadership against Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) in various places were appreciated, Renjun later turned tyrannical out of arrogance, falsely charging and excommunicating three times (in 1518, 1527 and 1532) Katada Honpuku-ji Temple (Otsu City), which was an influential temple within the religious community and had fields of propagation overlapping those of Kensho-ji Temple (originally only the head of the sect was allowed to pronounce excommunication, but Renjun took advantage of the vicarious execution of duties as the guardian of Shonyo and thus pronounced excommunication).
- 『法曹至要抄』によれば、養老律令詐偽律の解釈を巡る明法家の先例の学説として「太上天皇宣」の偽造は詔書と同一の罪に当たるとする説を挙げており早くから知られていた可能性があるが、院宣に関する記録の初見は延長 (日本)7年(927年)の宇多天皇が伊勢神宮に宣旨を下されたことを受けて神宮側がその指示を神郡に向けて発した「延長七年大神宮勘注」(『大日本史料』一之六)である。
- According to 'Hososhiyo-sho', when the Myobo-ke (judicial officials) interpreted Yororitsuryo Sagi-ritsu (punitive clause regarding fabrication of official documents and government properties under the Yororitsuryo code) earlier, it was described that the fabrication of the Daijo Tenno Zen (a decree by the Retired Emperor) is a crime comparable to the fabrication of the Shosho (an imperial decree), which shows that the concept of inzen could have been in use early in the history. Nonetheless, the first record which mentions the term inzen is 'Encho Shichi-nen Daijingu Kanchu', taken from 'Dai Nihon Shiryo' (the Historical Materials of Japan) Vol.1, no.6, which was a document that, upon receipt of an imperial decree from Emperor Uda in 927, Ise-jingu Shrine issued as the Emperor Uda's instructions to Shingun (a district designated as a sanctuary which enjoyed certain privileges under an Imperial charter).
- その後の裁判例においては、第二の見解に立つものが続いたが、最高裁平成20年4月15日第二小法廷決定(事件番号平成19(あ)839)は、本判決について、「警察官による人の容ぼう等の撮影が、現に犯罪が行われ又は行われた後間がないと認められる場合のほかは許されないという趣旨まで判示したものではない」と述べた上で、公道上及びパチンコ店内において被告人の容ぼう等をビデオ撮影した捜査活動を適法と判断しており、少なくとも裁判例においては、第二の見解が支配的になったといえる。
- In subsequent cases, judgments proceeded from the second opinion, but Decision of the Second Petty Bench of the Supreme Court dated on April 15, 2008 (case number 2007 (A) No. 839) stated 'it does not go so far as to mean, as argued by the accused, that photographing of a person's appearance, etc. by police officials should not be permitted except in cases where it is found that the crime is currently being committed or has just been committed' and 'videotaping operations such as videotaping the defendant's appearance, etc. on the public road and in the pachinko parlor can be recognized as legal Investigation activities', which means that the second opinion has been dominant, at least in precedents.